sarnsrun/medquadmini huggingface dataset:
Question:
What are the symptoms of Trisomy 18 ?

Answer:
What are the signs and symptoms of Trisomy 18? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Trisomy 18. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of chromosome segregation 90% Atria septal defect 90% Broad forehead 90% Camptodactyly of finger 90% Cognitive impairment 90% Cryptorchidism 90% Decreased body weight 90% Deviation of finger 90% Dolichocephaly 90% High forehead 90% Hypertelorism 90% Hypertonia 90% Intrauterine growth retardation 90% Low-set, posteriorly rotated ears 90% Muscular hypotonia 90% Narrow face 90% Narrow mouth 90% Omphalocele 90% Pointed helix 90% Prominent occiput 90% Short nose 90% Short stature 90% Triangular face 90% Underdeveloped supraorbital ridges 90% Ventricular septal defect 90% Abnormality of female internal genitalia 50% Abnormality of the fontanelles or cranial sutures 50% Abnormality of the hip bone 50% Abnormality of the toenails 50% Abnormality of the upper urinary tract 50% Blepharophimosis 50% Choanal atresia 50% Cleft palate 50% Congenital diaphragmatic hernia 50% Delayed skeletal maturation 50% Epicanthus 50% Microcephaly 50% Non-midline cleft lip 50% Oligohydramnios 50% Single transverse palmar crease 50% Urogenital fistula 50% Webbed neck 50% Abnormality of retinal pigmentation 7.5% Abnormality of the ribs 7.5% Anencephaly 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia affecting the eye 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum 7.5% Arnold-Chiari malformation 7.5% Cataract 7.5% Cyclopia 7.5% Glaucoma 7.5% Holoprosencephaly 7.5% Iris coloboma 7.5% Microcornea 7.5% Postaxial hand polydactyly 7.5% Spina bifida 7.5% The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:
What causes Trisomy 18 ?

Answer:
What causes Trisomy 18? In most cases, trisomy 18 is caused by having 3 copies of chromosome 18 in each cell in the body, instead of the usual 2 copies. The extra genetic material from the 3rd copy of the chromosome disrupts development, causing the characteristic signs and symptoms of the condition. About 5% of people with trisomy 18 have 'mosaic trisomy 18' (when there is an extra copy of the chromosome in only some of the body's cells). The severity of mosaic trisomy 18 depends on the number and locations of cells with the extra copy. Very rarely, an extra piece of chromosome 18 is attached to another chromosome; this is called translocation trisomy 18, or partial trisomy 18. If only part of the long (q) arm of chromosome 18 is present in 3 copies, the features may be less severe than in people with full trisomy 18.
Question:
Is Trisomy 18 inherited ?

Answer:
Is trisomy 18 inherited? Most cases of trisomy 18 are not inherited and occur randomly due to errors in the formation of eggs or sperm. If an egg or sperm gains an extra copy of chromosome 18 during cell division and contributes to a pregnancy, the embryo will have an extra chromosome 18 (trisomy) in each cell of the body. Mosaic trisomy 18 (when some body cells have trisomy 18 and some have a normal chromosome make-up), is also typically not inherited. Mosaic trisomy 18 is also due to an error in cell division, but the error occurs early in embryonic development. About 5% of affected people have a mosaic form of trisomy 18. Partial trisomy 18 (when only part of chromosome 18 is present in 3 copies) can be inherited. An unaffected parent can carry a rearrangement of genetic material between chromosome 18 and another chromosome. This rearrangement is called a balanced translocation because there is no extra or missing genetic material. However, a person with a balanced translocation has an increased risk with each pregnancy to have a child with trisomy 18.
Question:
What is (are) Idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia ?

Answer:
Idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia (IAEP) is characterized by the rapid accumulation of eosinophils in the lungs. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell and are part of the immune system. IAEP can occur at any age but most commonly affects otherwise healthy individuals between 20 and 40 years of age. Signs and symptoms may include fever, cough, fatigue, difficulty breathing (dyspnea), muscle pain, and chest pain. IAEP can progress rapidly to acute respiratory failure. The term idiopathic means the exact cause for the overproduction of eosinophils is not known. Possible triggers of acute eosinophilic pneumonia include cigarette smoking, occupational exposure to dust and smoke, and certain medications. Diagnosis of IAEP generally involves a bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Treatment with corticosteroids is effective in most cases. Because IAEP often progresses rapidly, respiratory failure can occur; in these cases, mechanical ventilation is required.
Question:
What are the symptoms of Idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia ?

Answer:
What are the signs and symptoms of Idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of temperature regulation 90% Chest pain 90% Pulmonary infiltrates 90% Respiratory insufficiency 90% Abdominal pain 50% Abnormal pattern of respiration 50% Abnormality of eosinophils 50% Abnormality of the pleura 50% Myalgia 50% The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:
What is (are) Opsismodysplasia ?

Answer:
Opsismodysplasia is a rare skeletal dysplasia characterized by congenital short stature and characteristic craniofacial abnormalities. Clinical signs observed at birth include short limbs, small hands and feet, relative macrocephaly with a large anterior fontanel (the space between the front bones of the skull), and characteristic craniofacial abnormalities including a prominent brow, depressed nasal bridge, a small anteverted nose, and a relatively long philtrum. Children with opsismodysplasia are at an increased risk for respiratory infections and respiratory failure. This condition is caused by mutations in the INPPL1 the gene. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.
Question:
What are the symptoms of Opsismodysplasia ?

Answer:
What are the signs and symptoms of Opsismodysplasia? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Opsismodysplasia. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormal form of the vertebral bodies 90% Abnormal vertebral ossification 90% Abnormality of epiphysis morphology 90% Abnormality of pelvic girdle bone morphology 90% Abnormality of the fontanelles or cranial sutures 90% Abnormality of the metaphyses 90% Brachydactyly syndrome 90% Delayed skeletal maturation 90% Depressed nasal bridge 90% Frontal bossing 90% Limb undergrowth 90% Macrocephaly 90% Respiratory insufficiency 90% Short nose 90% Tapered finger 90% Muscular hypotonia 50% Recurrent respiratory infections 50% Abnormality of thumb phalanx 7.5% Blue sclerae 7.5% Hepatomegaly 7.5% Limitation of joint mobility 7.5% Narrow chest 7.5% Pectus excavatum 7.5% Splenomegaly 7.5% Hypophosphatemia 5% Renal phosphate wasting 5% Anterior rib cupping - Anteverted nares - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Bell-shaped thorax - Disproportionate short-limb short stature - Edema - Flat acetabular roof - Hypertelorism - Hypoplastic ischia - Hypoplastic pubic bone - Hypoplastic vertebral bodies - Large fontanelles - Long philtrum - Metaphyseal cupping - Polyhydramnios - Posterior rib cupping - Protuberant abdomen - Rhizomelia - Severe platyspondyly - Short foot - Short long bone - Short neck - Short palm - Squared iliac bones - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:
What are the symptoms of Hoyeraal Hreidarsson syndrome ?

Answer:
What are the signs and symptoms of Hoyeraal Hreidarsson syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Hoyeraal Hreidarsson syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of immune system physiology 90% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the cerebellum 90% Cognitive impairment 90% Intrauterine growth retardation 90% Microcephaly 90% Short stature 90% Subcutaneous hemorrhage 90% Thrombocytopenia 90% Abnormal hair quantity 50% Abnormality of coagulation 50% Abnormality of the nail 50% Abnormality of the oral cavity 50% Anemia 50% Cerebral cortical atrophy 50% Generalized hyperpigmentation 50% Hypertonia 50% Hypopigmentation of hair 50% Ventriculomegaly 50% Abnormality of leukocytes 7.5% Bone marrow hypocellularity 7.5% Cerebral calcification 7.5% Incoordination 7.5% Neoplasm 7.5% The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:
What is (are) Cherubism ?

Answer:
Cherubism is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal bone tissue in the lower part of the face. The enlarged bone is replaced with painless, cyst-like growths that give the cheeks a swollen, rounded appearance and frequently interfere with normal tooth development. The condition may be mild or severe. People with the severe form may have problems with vision, breathing, speech, and swallowing. Many adults with cherubism have a normal facial appearance. Most people with cherubism do not any other signs and symptoms. The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion and is caused by mutations in the SH3BP2 gene., in most cases.
Question:
What are the symptoms of Cherubism ?

Answer:
What are the signs and symptoms of Cherubism? Cherubism is characterized by abnormal bone tissue in the lower part of the face. Beginning in early childhood, both the lower jaw (the mandible) and the upper jaw (the maxilla) become enlarged as bone is replaced with painless, cyst-like growths. These growths give the cheeks a swollen, rounded appearance and often interfere with normal tooth development. In some people the condition is very mild and barely noticeable, while in other cases are severe enough to cause problems with vision, breathing, speech, and swallowing. Enlargement of the jaw usually continues throughout childhood and stabilizes during puberty. The abnormal growths are gradually replaced with normal bone in early adulthood. As a result, many affected adults have a normal facial appearance. The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Cherubism. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the mandible 90% Neoplasm of the skeletal system 90% Abnormality of dental morphology 50% Reduced number of teeth 50% Abnormality of the voice 7.5% Apnea 7.5% Feeding difficulties in infancy 7.5% Optic atrophy 7.5% Proptosis 7.5% Visual impairment 7.5% Autosomal dominant inheritance - Childhood onset - Constriction of peripheral visual field - Macular scarring - Marcus Gunn pupil - Oligodontia - Optic neuropathy - Reduced visual acuity - Round face - Striae distensae - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:
What causes Cherubism ?

Answer:
How does one get cherubism? What causes cherubism? Genetic changes (mutations) in the SH3BP2 gene cause cherubism. About 80 percent of people with cherubism have a mutation in the SH3BP2 gene. In most of the remaining cases, the genetic cause of the condition is unknown.
Question:
Is Cherubism inherited ?

Answer:
If I find that I am not a carrier for cherubism can I still have children with the disease? Yes. Again, only 80 percent of people with cherubism have an identifiable mutation in the SH3BP2 gene. In the remaining cases, the cause is genetic, but unknown. Individuals who do not have an identifiable genetic cause can still have children with cherubism.
Question:
What is (are) Osteopathia striata cranial sclerosis ?

Answer:
Osteopathia striata cranial sclerosis is a type of skeletal dysplasia, which refers to a group of genetic conditions that affect the bones and hinder growth and development. The severity of the condition and the associated symptoms vary significantly from person to person, even within a single family. Features of the condition are generally present at birth and may include skeletal abnormalities (particularly at the ends of long bones), sclerosis (hardening) of the craniofacial bones, macrocephaly (unusually large head size), and characteristic facial features. Some affected people may also have developmental delay, hearing loss, heart defects and/or ophthalmoplegia (paralysis of the muscles surrounding the eyes). Osteopathia striata cranial sclerosis is caused by changes (mutations) in the WTX gene and is inherited in an X-linked dominant manner. Treatment is based on the signs and symptoms present in each person.
Question:
What is (are) Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 9 ?

Answer:
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 9 (CLN9-NCL) is a rare condition that affects the nervous system. Signs and symptoms of the condition generally develop in early childhood (average age 4 years) and may include loss of muscle coordination (ataxia), seizures that do not respond to medications, muscle twitches (myoclonus), visual impairment, and developmental regression (the loss of previously acquired skills). The underlying genetic cause of CLN9-NCL is unknown but it appears to be inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Treatment options are limited to therapies that can help relieve some of the symptoms.
Question:
What are the symptoms of Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 9 ?

Answer:
What are the signs and symptoms of Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 9? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 9. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Ataxia - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Cerebral atrophy - Curvilinear intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment storage material - Death in childhood - Decreased light- and dark-adapted electroretinogram amplitude - Dysarthria - Fingerprint intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment storage material - Intellectual disability - Mutism - Optic atrophy - Progressive inability to walk - Progressive visual loss - Psychomotor deterioration - Rigidity - Rod-cone dystrophy - Scanning speech - Seizures - Vacuolated lymphocytes - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:
What is (are) Bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria ?

Answer:
Bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP) is a rare neurological disorder that affects the cerebral cortex (the outer surface of the brain). BFPP specifically affects the frontal and parietal lobes on both sides of the brain (bilateral). Signs and symptoms typically include moderate to severe intellectual disability, developmental delay, seizures, cerebellar ataxia, strabismus, and dysconjugate gaze (eyes that are not aligned). Some cases are caused by mutations in the GPR56 gene and are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Treatment is based on the signs and symptoms present in each person.
Question:
What are the symptoms of Bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria ?

Answer:
What are the signs and symptoms of Bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria? The signs and symptoms of bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria vary but may include: Moderate to severe intellectual disability Developmental delay Seizures Dysconjugate gaze (eyes that are not aligned) Ataxia Strabismus Increased muscle tone Finger dysmetria (difficulty controlling speed, distance and/or power of movements) The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Ankle clonus - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Babinski sign - Broad-based gait - Cerebellar hypoplasia - Cerebral dysmyelination - Esotropia - Exotropia - Frontoparietal polymicrogyria - Hyperreflexia - Hypertonia - Hypoplasia of the brainstem - Intellectual disability - Nystagmus - Polymicrogyria, anterior to posterior gradient - Seizures - Truncal ataxia - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:
What is (are) Mycetoma ?

Answer:
Mycetoma is a chronic infection that is caused by fungi or actinomycetes (bacteria that produce filaments, like fungi). The first symptom of the condition is generally painless swelling beneath the skin, which progresses to a nodule (lump) over several years. Eventually, affected people experience massive swelling and hardening of the affected area; skin rupture; and formation of sinus tracts (holes) that discharge pus and grains filled with organisms. Some affected people have no discomfort while others report itching and/or pain. Mycetoma is rare in the United States, but is commonly diagnosed in Africa, Mexico and India. In these countries, it occurs most frequently in farmers, shepherds, and people living in rural areas. Frequent exposure to penetrating wounds by thorns or splinters is a risk factor. Treatment varies based on the cause of the condition and may include antibiotics or antifungal medications.