sarnsrun/medquadmini huggingface dataset:
Question:
What is (are) Distal chromosome 18q deletion syndrome ?

Answer:
Distal chromosome 18q deletion syndrome is a chromosome abnormality that occurs when there is a missing (deleted) copy of genetic material at the end of the long arm (q) of chromosome 18. The severity of the condition and the signs and symptoms depend on the size and location of the deletion and which genes are involved. Features that often occur in people with distal chromosome 18q deletion syndrome include developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral problems and distinctive facial features. Chromosome testing of both parents can provide more information on whether or not the deletion was inherited. In most cases, parents do not have any chromosomal anomaly. However, sometimes one parent is found to have a balanced translocation, where a piece of a chromosome has broken off and attached to another one with no gain or loss of genetic material. The balanced translocation normally does not cause any signs or symptoms, but it increases the risk for having an affected child with a chromosomal anomaly like a deletion. Treatment is based on the signs and symptoms present in each person. This page is meant to provide general information about distal 18q deletions. You can contact GARD if you have questions about a specific deletion on chromosome 18. To learn more about chromosomal anomalies please visit our GARD webpage on FAQs about Chromosome Disorders.
Question:
What are the symptoms of Distal chromosome 18q deletion syndrome ?

Answer:
What are the signs and symptoms of Distal chromosome 18q deletion syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Distal chromosome 18q deletion syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Absence of the pulmonary valve - Aortic valve stenosis - Asthma - Atopic dermatitis - Atresia of the external auditory canal - Atria septal defect - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Bifid uvula - Blepharophimosis - Broad-based gait - Cerebellar hypoplasia - Choanal stenosis - Chorea - Cleft palate - Cleft upper lip - Conductive hearing impairment - Congestive heart failure - Cryptorchidism - Delayed CNS myelination - Depressed nasal bridge - Dilatation of the ascending aorta - Downturned corners of mouth - Dysplastic aortic valve - Dysplastic pulmonary valve - Epicanthus - Failure to thrive in infancy - Flat midface - Growth hormone deficiency - Hypertelorism - Hypoplasia of midface - Hypospadias - Inguinal hernia - Intellectual disability - Joint laxity - Low anterior hairline - Macrotia - Malar flattening - Mandibular prognathia - Microcephaly - Micropenis - Motor delay - Muscular hypotonia - Nystagmus - Optic atrophy - Overlapping toe - Patent ductus arteriosus - Pes cavus - Pes planus - Phenotypic variability - Poor coordination - Prominent nose - Proximal placement of thumb - Recurrent respiratory infections - Rocker bottom foot - Scoliosis - Secretory IgA deficiency - Seizures - Sensorineural hearing impairment - Short neck - Short palpebral fissure - Short philtrum - Short stature - Sporadic - Stenosis of the external auditory canal - Strabismus - Talipes equinovarus - Tapetoretinal degeneration - Toe syndactyly - Tremor - Umbilical hernia - U-Shaped upper lip vermilion - Ventricular septal defect - Ventriculomegaly - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:
What is (are) Retinochoroidal coloboma ?

Answer:
Retinochoroidal coloboma is an eye abnormality that occurs before birth. It is characterized by missing pieces of tissue in both the retina (the light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye) and choroid (the blood vessel layer under the retina). In many cases, retinochoroidal coloboma does not cause symptoms. However, complications such as retinal detachment may occur at any age. Other possible complications include loss of visual clarity or distorted vision; cataract; and abnormal blood vessel growth in the choroid (choroidal neovascularization). Retinochoroidal coloboma can involve one or both eyes, and may occur alone or in association with other birth defects. It can be inherited or can occur sporadically.
Question:
What are the symptoms of PHAVER syndrome ?

Answer:
What are the signs and symptoms of PHAVER syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for PHAVER syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormal form of the vertebral bodies 90% Abnormality of the ribs 90% Amniotic constriction ring 90% Intrauterine growth retardation 90% Low-set, posteriorly rotated ears 90% Pterygium 90% Ulnar deviation of finger 90% Ventricular septal defect 90% Vertebral segmentation defect 90% Abnormality of the aorta 50% Abnormality of the pulmonary artery 50% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the earlobes 50% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the thumb 50% Atria septal defect 50% Camptodactyly of finger 50% Conductive hearing impairment 50% Depressed nasal bridge 50% Epicanthus 50% Limitation of joint mobility 50% Myelomeningocele 50% Overfolded helix 50% Preaxial foot polydactyly 50% Radioulnar synostosis 50% Triphalangeal thumb 50% The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:
What is (are) Hypophosphatemic rickets ?

Answer:
Hypophosphatemic rickets (previously called vitamin D-resistant rickets) is a disorder in which the bones become painfully soft and bend easily, due to low levels of phosphate in the blood. Symptoms usually begin in early childhood and can range in severity. Severe forms may cause bowing of the legs and other bone deformities; bone pain; joint pain; poor bone growth; and short stature. In some affected babies, the space between the skull bones closes too soon (craniosynostosis). This sometimes results in developmental abnormalities. Hypophosphatemic rickets is almost always inherited and may be caused by changes (mutations) in any of several genes. Most commonly it is due to the PHEX gene and inherited in an X-linked dominant manner. Less commonly it is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner (often called Dent disease); autosomal dominant manner; or autosomal recessive manner. Treatment involves taking phosphate and calcitriol in order to raise phosphate levels in the blood and promote normal bone formation.
Question:
What are the symptoms of Hypophosphatemic rickets ?

Answer:
What are the signs and symptoms of Hypophosphatemic rickets? The symptoms of hypophosphatemic rickets usually begin in infancy or early childhood. Specific symptoms and severity can vary greatly among affected children. The condition can be so mild that there are no noticeable symptoms, or so severe that it causes bowing of the legs and other bone deformities; bone pain; joint pain; and short stature. Other symptoms may include premature closure of the skull bones in babies (craniosynostosis); limited joint movement; and dental abnormalities. If left untreated, symptoms worsen over time. The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Hypophosphatemic rickets. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of dental enamel 90% Abnormality of the metaphyses 90% Bone pain 90% Genu varum 90% Premature loss of teeth 90% Craniofacial hyperostosis 50% Enthesitis 50% Osteoarthritis 50% Short stature 50% Hearing impairment 7.5% Recurrent fractures 7.5% Abnormality of pelvic girdle bone morphology - Arthralgia - Bowing of the legs - Elevated alkaline phosphatase - Elevated circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) level - Femoral bowing - Fibular bowing - Flattening of the talar dome - Frontal bossing - Hypomineralization of enamel - Hypophosphatemia - Hypophosphatemic rickets - Metaphyseal irregularity - Osteomalacia - Phenotypic variability - Renal phosphate wasting - Renal tubular dysfunction - Shortening of the talar neck - Spinal canal stenosis - Spinal cord compression - Tibial bowing - Trapezoidal distal femoral condyles - X-linked dominant inheritance - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:
What causes Hypophosphatemic rickets ?

Answer:
What causes hypophosphatemic rickets? Hypophosphatemic rickets is almost always hereditary and may be caused by mutations in any of several genes. The specific gene involved determines the way it is inherited. Most commonly, it is caused by a mutation in the PHEX gene. Other genes that can be responsible for the condition include the CLCN5, DMP1, ENPP1, FGF23, and SLC34A3 genes. The genes associated with hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets are involved in keeping a proper balance of phosphate in the body. Many of these genes directly or indirectly regulate a protein that normally inhibits the kidneys' ability to reabsorb phosphate into the blood. Mutations affecting the function of these genes increase the production (or reduce the breakdown) of the protein, causing the protein to be overactive. The overactivity of the protein reduces phosphate reabsorption by the kidneys, leading to the features of the condition. Rarer, sporadic, acquired cases are sometimes associated with benign (non-cancerous) mesenchymal tumors that decrease resorption of phosphate.
Question:
Is Hypophosphatemic rickets inherited ?

Answer:
How is hypophosphatemic rickets inherited? Hypophosphatemic rickets is most often inherited in an X-linked dominant manner. This means that the gene responsible for the condition is located on the X chromosome, and having only one mutated copy of the gene is enough to cause the condition. Because males have only one X chromosome (and one Y chromosome) and females have two X chromosomes, X-linked dominant conditions affect males and females differently. Both males and females can have an X-linked dominant condition. However, because males don't have a second, working copy of the gene (as females do), they usually have more severe disease than females. If a father has the mutated X-linked gene: all of his daughters will inherit the mutated gene (they will all receive his X chromosome) none of his sons will inherit the mutated gene (they only inherit his Y chromosome) If a mother has the mutated X-linked gene, each of her children (both male and female) has a 50% chance to inherit the mutated gene. Less commonly, hypophosphatemic rickets is inherited in an X-linked recessive, autosomal dominant, or autosomal recessive manner.
Question:
What is (are) Rotor syndrome ?

Answer:
Rotor syndrome is an inherited disorder characterized by elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia). Bilirubin is produced when red blood cells are broken down, and has an orange-yellow tint. The buildup of bilirubin in the body causes yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes (jaundice), which is the only symptom of the disorder. Jaundice is usually evident in infancy or early childhood, and it may come and go. Rotor syndrome is caused by having mutations in both the SLCO1B1 and SLCO1B3 genes and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. The disorder is generally considered benign, and no treatment is needed.
Question:
What are the symptoms of Rotor syndrome ?

Answer:
What are the signs and symptoms of Rotor syndrome? Jaundice, characterized by yellowing of the skin and/or whites of the eyes (conjunctival icterus), is usually the only symptom of Rotor syndrome. Jaundice usually begins shortly after birth or in childhood and may come and go. The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Rotor syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the liver 90% Abdominal pain 7.5% Abnormality of temperature regulation 7.5% Abnormality of the gastric mucosa 7.5% Abnormality of skin pigmentation - Abnormality of the skeletal system - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia - Jaundice - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:
What causes Rotor syndrome ?

Answer:
What causes Rotor syndrome? Rotor syndrome is an inherited disorder caused by having mutations in both the SLCO1B1 and SLCO1B3 genes. These genes provide instructions for making proteins that are found in liver cells, where they transport bilirubin and other substances from the blood into the liver so that they can be cleared from the body. In the liver, bilirubin is dissolved in a digestive fluid called bile, and then excreted from the body. The mutations in the SLCO1B1 and SLCO1B3 genes that cause Rotor syndrome either prevent the production of the transporting proteins, or prevent them from functioning properly. When this occurs, bilirubin is not effectively removed from the body and builds up, leading to jaundice.
Question:
How to diagnose Rotor syndrome ?

Answer:
How is Rotor syndrome diagnosed? Rotor syndrome is diagnosed based on symptoms and various laboratory tests. Physical exams in affected people are typically normal, except for mild jaundice. There are two forms of bilirubin in the body: a toxic form called unconjugated bilirubin and a nontoxic form called conjugated bilirubin. People with Rotor syndrome have a buildup of both in their blood (hyperbilirubinemia), but having elevated levels of conjugated bilirubin is the hallmark of the disorder. Conjugated bilirubin in affected people is usually more than 50% of total bilirubin. To confirm a disgnosis of Rotor syndrome, a person may have the following performed: testing for serum bilirubin concentration testing for bilirubin in the urine testing for hemolysis and liver enzyme activity (to rule out other conditions) cholescintigraphy (also called an HIDA scan) testing for total urinary porphyrins
Question:
What are the treatments for Rotor syndrome ?

Answer:
How might Rotor syndrome be treated? Rotor syndrome is considered a benign disorder and does not require treatment. While no adverse drug reactions have been reported in people with Rotor syndrome, a number of commonly used drugs and/or their metabolites may have serious consequences in affected people. This is because some drugs enter the liver via one of the two transporter proteins that are absent in affected people. People with Rotor syndrome should make sure all of their health care providers are aware of their diagnosis and should check with their health care providers regarding drugs that should be avoided.
Question:
What are the symptoms of Oculomaxillofacial dysostosis ?

Answer:
What are the signs and symptoms of Oculomaxillofacial dysostosis? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Oculomaxillofacial dysostosis. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the eyelashes 50% Abnormality of the teeth 50% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the eyebrow 50% Cleft palate 50% Facial cleft 50% Median cleft lip 50% Opacification of the corneal stroma 50% Short stature 50% Underdeveloped nasal alae 50% Upslanted palpebral fissure 50% Wide nasal bridge 50% Abnormality of the humerus 7.5% Adducted thumb 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia affecting the eye 7.5% Brachydactyly syndrome 7.5% Camptodactyly of finger 7.5% Cognitive impairment 7.5% Coloboma 5% Deep palmar crease 5% Abnormality of the skeletal system - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Cleft upper lip - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
Question:
What are the symptoms of Patterson pseudoleprechaunism syndrome ?

Answer:
What are the signs and symptoms of Patterson pseudoleprechaunism syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Patterson pseudoleprechaunism syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormal cortical bone morphology 90% Abnormality of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis 90% Abnormality of the metaphyses 90% Cognitive impairment 90% Delayed skeletal maturation 90% Generalized hyperpigmentation 90% Hypertrichosis 90% Kyphosis 90% Macrotia 90% Abnormality of the clavicle 50% Abnormality of the ribs 50% Craniofacial hyperostosis 50% Hypercortisolism 50% Hyperextensible skin 50% Precocious puberty 50% Seizures 50% Type II diabetes mellitus 50% Cervical platyspondyly - Diabetes mellitus - Flat acetabular roof - Generalized bronze hyperpigmentation - Genu valgum - Growth abnormality - Hirsutism - Hypoplasia of the odontoid process - Intellectual disability, progressive - Intellectual disability, severe - Irregular acetabular roof - Irregular sclerotic endplates - Joint swelling onset late infancy - Kyphoscoliosis - Large hands - Long foot - Marked delay in bone age - Ovoid thoracolumbar vertebrae - Palmoplantar cutis laxa - Premature adrenarche - Prominent nose - Short long bone - Small cervical vertebral bodies - Sporadic - Talipes valgus - Thickened calvaria - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.