Grafana dashboard: Postgresql
Description: Postgresql dashboard for prometheus datasource with telegraf exporter + loki datasource.


expose postgresql metrics to prometheus format with telegraf.
Also scrape postgresql logs with loki from telegraf tail plugin.
This can be used to monitor postgresql instances managed by a zalando postgresql oeprator with a telegraf sidecar.

{
  "__inputs": [
    {
      "name": "DS_PROMETHEUS",
      "label": "Prometheus",
      "description": "prometheus which scrape telegraf /metrics endpoint",
      "type": "datasource",
      "pluginId": "prometheus",
      "pluginName": "Prometheus"
    },
    {
      "name": "DS_LOKI",
      "label": "Loki",
      "description": "",
      "type": "datasource",
      "pluginId": "loki",
      "pluginName": "Loki"
    }
  ],
  "__elements": {},
  "__requires": [
    {
      "type": "panel",
      "id": "bargauge",
      "name": "Bar gauge",
      "version": ""
    },
    {
      "type": "panel",
      "id": "gauge",
      "name": "Gauge",
      "version": ""
    },
    {
      "type": "grafana",
      "id": "grafana",
      "name": "Grafana",
      "version": "9.2.3"
    },
    {
      "type": "panel",
      "id": "graph",
      "name": "Graph (old)",
      "version": ""
    },
    {
      "type": "panel",
      "id": "logs",
      "name": "Logs",
      "version": ""
    },
    {
      "type": "datasource",
      "id": "loki",
      "name": "Loki",
      "version": "1.0.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "panel",
      "id": "piechart",
      "name": "Pie chart",
      "version": ""
    },
    {
      "type": "datasource",
      "id": "prometheus",
      "name": "Prometheus",
      "version": "1.0.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "panel",
      "id": "stat",
      "name": "Stat",
      "version": ""
    }
  ],
  "annotations": {
    "list": [
      {
        "builtIn": 1,
        "datasource": {
          "type": "datasource",
          "uid": "grafana"
        },
        "enable": true,
        "hide": true,
        "iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)",
        "name": "Annotations & Alerts",
        "target": {
          "limit": 100,
          "matchAny": false,
          "tags": [],
          "type": "dashboard"
        },
        "type": "dashboard"
      }
    ]
  },
  "editable": true,
  "fiscalYearStartMonth": 0,
  "graphTooltip": 1,
  "id": null,
  "links": [],
  "liveNow": false,
  "panels": [
    {
      "datasource": {
        "type": "prometheus",
        "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
      },
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "mappings": [],
          "thresholds": {
            "mode": "absolute",
            "steps": [
              {
                "color": "green",
                "value": null
              },
              {
                "color": "red",
                "value": 80
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        "overrides": []
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 3,
        "w": 3,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 0
      },
      "id": 21,
      "options": {
        "colorMode": "value",
        "graphMode": "none",
        "justifyMode": "auto",
        "orientation": "auto",
        "reduceOptions": {
          "calcs": [
            "lastNotNull"
          ],
          "fields": "/master|repl/",
          "values": false
        },
        "textMode": "name"
      },
      "pluginVersion": "9.2.3",
      "targets": [
        {
          "datasource": {
            "type": "prometheus",
            "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
          },
          "editorMode": "code",
          "expr": "postgresql_numbackends{host=\"$host\"}",
          "format": "time_series",
          "instant": true,
          "interval": "",
          "legendFormat": "{{service}}",
          "refId": "A"
        }
      ],
      "title": "postgres role",
      "transformations": [
        {
          "id": "renameByRegex",
          "options": {
            "regex": ".*-(\\w+)-metrics",
            "renamePattern": "$1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "transparent": true,
      "type": "stat"
    },
    {
      "datasource": {
        "type": "prometheus",
        "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
      },
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "mappings": [],
          "thresholds": {
            "mode": "absolute",
            "steps": [
              {
                "color": "green",
                "value": null
              },
              {
                "color": "red",
                "value": 80
              }
            ]
          },
          "unit": "s"
        },
        "overrides": []
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 3,
        "w": 3,
        "x": 3,
        "y": 0
      },
      "id": 25,
      "options": {
        "colorMode": "value",
        "graphMode": "area",
        "justifyMode": "auto",
        "orientation": "auto",
        "reduceOptions": {
          "calcs": [
            "last"
          ],
          "fields": "",
          "values": false
        },
        "textMode": "auto"
      },
      "pluginVersion": "9.2.3",
      "targets": [
        {
          "datasource": {
            "type": "prometheus",
            "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
          },
          "expr": "postgresql_replication_lag{host=\"$host\"}",
          "instant": true,
          "interval": "",
          "legendFormat": "",
          "refId": "A"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Replication Lag",
      "type": "stat"
    },
    {
      "datasource": {
        "type": "prometheus",
        "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
      },
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "color": {
            "mode": "thresholds"
          },
          "mappings": [],
          "max": 100,
          "min": 0,
          "thresholds": {
            "mode": "absolute",
            "steps": [
              {
                "color": "green",
                "value": null
              },
              {
                "color": "#EAB839",
                "value": 50
              },
              {
                "color": "red",
                "value": 80
              }
            ]
          },
          "unit": "percent"
        },
        "overrides": []
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 6,
        "w": 6,
        "x": 6,
        "y": 0
      },
      "id": 15,
      "links": [],
      "options": {
        "orientation": "horizontal",
        "reduceOptions": {
          "calcs": [
            "last"
          ],
          "fields": "",
          "values": false
        },
        "showThresholdLabels": false,
        "showThresholdMarkers": true
      },
      "pluginVersion": "9.2.3",
      "targets": [
        {
          "alias": "used_percent",
          "datasource": {
            "type": "prometheus",
            "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
          },
          "expr": "container_memory_usage_bytes{pod=~\"$host\", container=\"postgres\"} / kube_pod_container_resource_limits{pod=~\"$host\", resource=\"memory\", container=\"postgres\"} * 100",
          "groupBy": [
            {
              "params": [
                "$__interval"
              ],
              "type": "time"
            },
            {
              "params": [
                "null"
              ],
              "type": "fill"
            }
          ],
          "instant": true,
          "interval": "",
          "legendFormat": "mem used percent",
          "measurement": "mem",
          "orderByTime": "ASC",
          "policy": "default",
          "refId": "A",
          "resultFormat": "time_series",
          "select": [
            [
              {
                "params": [
                  "used_percent"
                ],
                "type": "field"
              },
              {
                "params": [],
                "type": "mean"
              }
            ]
          ],
          "tags": [
            {
              "key": "host",
              "operator": "=~",
              "value": "/^$host$/"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Memory used % on $host",
      "type": "gauge"
    },
    {
      "datasource": {
        "type": "prometheus",
        "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
      },
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "color": {
            "mode": "palette-classic"
          },
          "custom": {
            "hideFrom": {
              "legend": false,
              "tooltip": false,
              "viz": false
            }
          },
          "decimals": 0,
          "mappings": [],
          "unit": "short"
        },
        "overrides": []
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 6,
        "w": 5,
        "x": 12,
        "y": 0
      },
      "id": 13,
      "links": [],
      "maxDataPoints": 3,
      "options": {
        "displayLabels": [
          "name",
          "value"
        ],
        "legend": {
          "calcs": [],
          "displayMode": "list",
          "placement": "right",
          "showLegend": false,
          "values": [
            "value"
          ]
        },
        "pieType": "pie",
        "reduceOptions": {
          "calcs": [
            "lastNotNull"
          ],
          "fields": "",
          "values": false
        },
        "tooltip": {
          "mode": "single",
          "sort": "none"
        }
      },
      "targets": [
        {
          "alias": "$tag_usename",
          "datasource": {
            "type": "prometheus",
            "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
          },
          "editorMode": "code",
          "exemplar": false,
          "expr": "postgresql_nb_connections{host=\"$host\", usename!=\"\"}",
          "format": "time_series",
          "groupBy": [
            {
              "params": [
                "$__interval"
              ],
              "type": "time"
            },
            {
              "params": [
                "null"
              ],
              "type": "fill"
            }
          ],
          "instant": true,
          "interval": "",
          "legendFormat": "{{usename}}",
          "measurement": "postgresql",
          "orderByTime": "ASC",
          "policy": "default",
          "query": "SELECT mean(\"nb_connections\")  FROM \"postgresql\" WHERE \"host\" =~ /$host/ AND usename != \"Value\" AND $timeFilter GROUP BY time(1m), usename fill(null)",
          "range": false,
          "rawQuery": true,
          "refId": "A",
          "resultFormat": "time_series",
          "select": [
            [
              {
                "params": [
                  "nb_connections"
                ],
                "type": "field"
              },
              {
                "params": [],
                "type": "mean"
              }
            ]
          ],
          "tags": []
        }
      ],
      "title": "Postgresql connections per user",
      "type": "piechart"
    },
    {
      "datasource": {
        "type": "prometheus",
        "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
      },
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "links": [],
          "mappings": [
            {
              "options": {
                "0": {
                  "text": "STANDBY"
                },
                "1": {
                  "text": "PRIMARY"
                }
              },
              "type": "value"
            }
          ],
          "max": 100,
          "min": 0,
          "thresholds": {
            "mode": "absolute",
            "steps": [
              {
                "color": "green",
                "value": null
              },
              {
                "color": "orange",
                "value": 70
              },
              {
                "color": "red",
                "value": 80
              }
            ]
          },
          "unit": "percent"
        },
        "overrides": []
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 6,
        "w": 7,
        "x": 17,
        "y": 0
      },
      "id": 19,
      "interval": "1m",
      "options": {
        "displayMode": "lcd",
        "minVizHeight": 10,
        "minVizWidth": 0,
        "orientation": "horizontal",
        "reduceOptions": {
          "calcs": [
            "mean"
          ],
          "fields": "",
          "values": false
        },
        "showUnfilled": true
      },
      "pluginVersion": "9.2.3",
      "targets": [
        {
          "datasource": {
            "type": "prometheus",
            "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
          },
          "expr": "sum(disk_used_percent{host=\"$host\", path=\"/home/postgres/pgdata\"}) by (device, path)",
          "groupBy": [
            {
              "params": [
                "$__interval"
              ],
              "type": "time"
            },
            {
              "params": [
                "null"
              ],
              "type": "fill"
            }
          ],
          "interval": "",
          "legendFormat": "{{device}} - {{path}}",
          "measurement": "cpu",
          "orderByTime": "ASC",
          "policy": "default",
          "query": "SELECT min(\"available_percent\") FROM \"mem\" WHERE \"host\" = $host AND $timeFilter GROUP BY time($__interval) fill(previous)",
          "rawQuery": false,
          "refId": "A",
          "resultFormat": "time_series",
          "select": [
            [
              {
                "params": [
                  "usage_iowait"
                ],
                "type": "field"
              },
              {
                "params": [],
                "type": "min"
              }
            ]
          ],
          "tags": [
            {
              "key": "host",
              "operator": "=~",
              "value": "/^$host$/"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Postgresql Disk usage",
      "type": "bargauge"
    },
    {
      "datasource": {
        "type": "prometheus",
        "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
      },
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "mappings": [
            {
              "options": {
                "match": "null",
                "result": {
                  "text": "N/A"
                }
              },
              "type": "special"
            }
          ],
          "thresholds": {
            "mode": "absolute",
            "steps": [
              {
                "color": "green",
                "value": null
              }
            ]
          },
          "unit": "dateTimeAsIso"
        },
        "overrides": []
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 3,
        "w": 6,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 3
      },
      "id": 16,
      "links": [],
      "maxDataPoints": 100,
      "options": {
        "colorMode": "value",
        "graphMode": "none",
        "justifyMode": "auto",
        "orientation": "horizontal",
        "reduceOptions": {
          "calcs": [
            "max"
          ],
          "fields": "",
          "values": false
        },
        "textMode": "auto"
      },
      "pluginVersion": "9.2.3",
      "targets": [
        {
          "alias": "used_percent",
          "datasource": {
            "type": "prometheus",
            "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
          },
          "expr": "max(container_start_time_seconds{pod=\"$host\"})*1000",
          "groupBy": [
            {
              "params": [
                "$__interval"
              ],
              "type": "time"
            },
            {
              "params": [
                "null"
              ],
              "type": "fill"
            }
          ],
          "interval": "",
          "legendFormat": "",
          "measurement": "system",
          "orderByTime": "ASC",
          "policy": "default",
          "refId": "A",
          "resultFormat": "time_series",
          "select": [
            [
              {
                "params": [
                  "uptime"
                ],
                "type": "field"
              },
              {
                "params": [],
                "type": "mean"
              }
            ]
          ],
          "tags": [
            {
              "key": "host",
              "operator": "=~",
              "value": "/^$host$/"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "title": "Creation time",
      "type": "stat"
    },
    {
      "aliasColors": {},
      "bars": false,
      "dashLength": 10,
      "dashes": false,
      "datasource": {
        "type": "prometheus",
        "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
      },
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "links": []
        },
        "overrides": []
      },
      "fill": 1,
      "fillGradient": 0,
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 6,
        "w": 12,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 6
      },
      "hiddenSeries": false,
      "id": 18,
      "interval": "1m",
      "legend": {
        "avg": false,
        "current": false,
        "max": false,
        "min": false,
        "show": true,
        "total": false,
        "values": false
      },
      "lines": true,
      "linewidth": 1,
      "nullPointMode": "null",
      "options": {
        "alertThreshold": true
      },
      "percentage": false,
      "pluginVersion": "9.2.3",
      "pointradius": 2,
      "points": false,
      "renderer": "flot",
      "seriesOverrides": [],
      "spaceLength": 10,
      "stack": false,
      "steppedLine": false,
      "targets": [
        {
          "datasource": {
            "type": "prometheus",
            "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
          },
          "expr": "sum(container_memory_usage_bytes{pod=\"$host\", container!=\"\"}) by (container)",
          "groupBy": [
            {
              "params": [
                "$__interval"
              ],
              "type": "time"
            },
            {
              "params": [
                "null"
              ],
              "type": "fill"
            }
          ],
          "interval": "",
          "legendFormat": "{{container_name}}",
          "measurement": "mem",
          "orderByTime": "ASC",
          "policy": "default",
          "query": "SELECT min(\"available_percent\") FROM \"mem\" WHERE \"host\" = $host AND $timeFilter GROUP BY time($__interval) fill(previous)",
          "rawQuery": false,
          "refId": "A",
          "resultFormat": "time_series",
          "select": [
            [
              {
                "params": [
                  "available_percent"
                ],
                "type": "field"
              },
              {
                "params": [],
                "type": "min"
              }
            ]
          ],
          "tags": [
            {
              "key": "host",
              "operator": "=~",
              "value": "/^$host$/"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": [],
      "timeRegions": [],
      "title": "Postgresql memory used (bytes) on $host",
      "tooltip": {
        "shared": true,
        "sort": 0,
        "value_type": "individual"
      },
      "type": "graph",
      "xaxis": {
        "mode": "time",
        "show": true,
        "values": []
      },
      "yaxes": [
        {
          "format": "decbytes",
          "logBase": 1,
          "show": true
        },
        {
          "format": "short",
          "logBase": 1,
          "show": true
        }
      ],
      "yaxis": {
        "align": false
      }
    },
    {
      "aliasColors": {},
      "bars": true,
      "dashLength": 10,
      "dashes": false,
      "datasource": {
        "type": "prometheus",
        "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
      },
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "links": []
        },
        "overrides": []
      },
      "fill": 1,
      "fillGradient": 0,
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 6,
        "w": 12,
        "x": 12,
        "y": 6
      },
      "hiddenSeries": false,
      "id": 12,
      "interval": "1m",
      "legend": {
        "alignAsTable": true,
        "avg": false,
        "current": true,
        "max": true,
        "min": false,
        "rightSide": true,
        "show": true,
        "total": false,
        "values": true
      },
      "lines": false,
      "linewidth": 1,
      "links": [],
      "nullPointMode": "null",
      "options": {
        "alertThreshold": true
      },
      "percentage": false,
      "pluginVersion": "9.2.3",
      "pointradius": 2,
      "points": false,
      "renderer": "flot",
      "seriesOverrides": [],
      "spaceLength": 10,
      "stack": true,
      "steppedLine": false,
      "targets": [
        {
          "alias": "$tag_usename",
          "datasource": {
            "type": "prometheus",
            "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
          },
          "expr": "postgresql_nb_connections{host=\"$host\", usename!=\"\"}",
          "groupBy": [
            {
              "params": [
                "$__interval"
              ],
              "type": "time"
            },
            {
              "params": [
                "null"
              ],
              "type": "fill"
            }
          ],
          "interval": "",
          "legendFormat": "{{usename}}",
          "measurement": "postgresql",
          "orderByTime": "ASC",
          "policy": "default",
          "query": "SELECT mean(\"nb_connections\") FROM \"postgresql\" WHERE $timeFilter AND host =~ /$host/ AND usename != \"Value\" GROUP BY time(1m), usename fill(null)",
          "rawQuery": true,
          "refId": "A",
          "resultFormat": "time_series",
          "select": [
            [
              {
                "params": [
                  "nb_connections"
                ],
                "type": "field"
              },
              {
                "params": [],
                "type": "mean"
              }
            ]
          ],
          "tags": []
        }
      ],
      "thresholds": [],
      "timeRegions": [],
      "title": "Postgresql connections per user",
      "tooltip": {
        "shared": true,
        "sort": 0,
        "value_type": "individual"
      },
      "type": "graph",
      "xaxis": {
        "mode": "time",
        "show": true,
        "values": []
      },
      "yaxes": [
        {
          "format": "short",
          "logBase": 1,
          "show": true
        },
        {
          "format": "short",
          "logBase": 1,
          "show": true
        }
      ],
      "yaxis": {
        "align": false
      }
    },
    {
      "aliasColors": {},
      "bars": false,
      "dashLength": 10,
      "dashes": false,
      "datasource": {
        "type": "prometheus",
        "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
      },
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "links": []
        },
        "overrides": []
      },
      "fill": 1,
      "fillGradient": 0,
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 8,
        "w": 8,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 12
      },
      "hiddenSeries": false,
      "id": 10,
      "interval": "1m",
      "legend": {
        "avg": false,
        "current": false,
        "max": false,
        "min": false,
        "show": true,
        "total": false,
        "values": false
      },
      "lines": true,
      "linewidth": 1,
      "links": [],
      "nullPointMode": "null",
      "options": {
        "alertThreshold": true
      },
      "percentage": false,
      "pluginVersion": "9.2.3",
      "pointradius": 5,
      "points": false,
      "renderer": "flot",
      "seriesOverrides": [
        {
          "alias": "/.*time/",
          "yaxis": 2
        }
      ],
      "spaceLength": 10,
      "stack": false,
      "steppedLine": false,
      "targets": [
        {
          "alias": "checkpoint_sync_time",
          "datasource": {
            "type": "prometheus",
            "uid": "${DS_PROMETHEUS}"
          },
          "expr": "postgresql_checkpoint_sync_time{host=\"$host\"}",
          "groupBy": [
            {
              "params": [
                "$__interval"
              ],
              "type": "time"
            },
            {
              "params": [
                "null"
              ],
              "type": "fill"
            }
          ],
          "interval": "",
          "legendFormat": "sync time",
          "measurement": "postgresql",
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        {
          "alias": "blks_hits",
          "datasource": {
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      "thresholds": [],
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    {
      "datasource": {
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      },
      "gridPos": {
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        "w": 24,
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      },
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          "editorMode": "code",
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      ],
      "title": "logs",
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  ],
  "refresh": false,
  "schemaVersion": 37,
  "style": "dark",
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  ],
  "templating": {
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}