// Contract: DssSpell
// Target function: function sendPaymentFromSurplusBuffer(address _target, uint256 _amount) public
Factor(bytes32 _ilk, uint256 _pct_bps) public {
        require(_pct_bps < 10 * BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT); // "LibDssExec/incorrect-ilk-mat-precision" // Fails if gt 10x
        require(_pct_bps >= BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT); // fail if start price is less than OSM price
        setValue(clip(_ilk), "buf", rdiv(_pct_bps, BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));
    }

    /**
        @dev Set the amout of time before an auction resets.
        @param _ilk      The ilk to update (ex. bytes32("ETH-A"))
        @param _duration Amount of time before auction resets (in seconds).
    */
    function setAuctionTimeBeforeReset(bytes32 _ilk, uint256 _duration) public {
        setValue(clip(_ilk), "tail", _duration);
    }

    /**
        @dev Percentage drop permitted before auction reset
        @param _ilk     The ilk to update (ex. bytes32("ETH-A"))
        @param _pct_bps The pct, in basis points, of drop to permit (x100).
    */
    function setAuctionPermittedDrop(bytes32 _ilk, uint256 _pct_bps) public {
        require(_pct_bps < BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT); // "LibDssExec/incorrect-clip-cusp-value"
        setValue(clip(_ilk), "cusp", rdiv(_pct_bps, BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));
    }

    /**
        @dev Percentage of tab to suck from vow to incentivize keepers. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @param _ilk     The ilk to update (ex. bytes32("ETH-A"))
        @param _pct_bps The pct, in basis points, of the tab to suck. (0.01% == 1)
    */
    function setKeeperIncentivePercent(bytes32 _ilk, uint256 _pct_bps) public {
        require(_pct_bps < BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT); // "LibDssExec/incorrect-clip-chip-precision"
        setValue(clip(_ilk), "chip", wdiv(_pct_bps, BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));
    }

    /**
        @dev Set max DAI amount for flat rate keeper incentive. Amount will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @param _ilk    The ilk to update (ex. bytes32("ETH-A"))
        @param _amount The amount to set in DAI (ex. 1000 DAI amount == 1000)
    */
    function setKeeperIncentiveFlatRate(bytes32 _ilk, uint256 _amount) public {
        require(_amount < WAD); // "LibDssExec/incorrect-clip-tip-precision"
        setValue(clip(_ilk), "tip", _amount * RAD);
    }

    /**
        @dev Sets the circuit breaker price tolerance in the clipper mom.
            This is somewhat counter-intuitive,
             to accept a 25% price drop, use a value of 75%
        @param _clip    The clipper to set the tolerance for
        @param _pct_bps The pct, in basis points, to set in integer form (x100). (ex. 5% = 5 * 100 = 500)
    */
    function setLiquidationBreakerPriceTolerance(address _clip, uint256 _pct_bps) public {
        require(_pct_bps < BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT);  // "LibDssExec/incorrect-clippermom-price-tolerance"
        MomLike(clipperMom()).setPriceTolerance(_clip, rdiv(_pct_bps, BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));
    }

    /**
        @dev Set the stability fee for a given ilk.
            Many of the settings that change weekly rely on the rate accumulator
            described at https://docs.makerdao.com/smart-contract-modules/rates-module
            To check this yourself, use the following rate calculation (example 8%):

            $ bc -l <<< 'scale=27; e( l(1.08)/(60 * 60 * 24 * 365) )'

            A table of rates can also be found at:
            https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmefQMseb3AiTapiAKKexdKHig8wroKuZbmLtPLv4u2YwW

        @param _ilk    The ilk to update (ex. bytes32("ETH-A") )
        @param _rate   The accumulated rate (ex. 4% => 1000000001243680656318820312)
        @param _doDrip `true` to accumulate stability fees for the collateral
    */
    function setIlkStabilityFee(bytes32 _ilk, uint256 _rate, bool _doDrip) public {
        require((_rate >= RAY) && (_rate <= RATES_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));  // "LibDssExec/ilk-stability-fee-out-of-bounds"
        address _jug = jug();
        if (_doDrip) Drippable(_jug).drip(_ilk);

        setValue(_jug, _ilk, "duty", _rate);
    }


    /*************************/
    /*** Abacus Management ***/
    /*************************/

    /**
        @dev Set the number of seconds from the start when the auction reaches zero price.
        @dev Abacus:LinearDecrease only.
        @param _calc     The address of the LinearDecrease pricing contract
        @param _duration Amount of time for auctions.
    */
    function setLinearDecrease(address _calc, uint256 _duration) public {
        setValue(_calc, "tau", _duration);
    }

    /**
        @dev Set the number of seconds for each price step.
        @dev Abacus:StairstepExponentialDecrease only.
        @param _calc     The address of the StairstepExponentialDecrease pricing contract
        @param _duration Length of time between price drops [seconds]
        @param _pct_bps Per-step multiplicative factor in basis points. (ex. 99% == 9900)
    */
    function setStairstepExponentialDecrease(address _calc, uint256 _duration, uint256 _pct_bps) public {
        require(_pct_bps < BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT); // DssExecLib/cut-too-high
        setValue(_calc, "cut", rdiv(_pct_bps, BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));
        setValue(_calc, "step", _duration);
    }
    /**
        @dev Set the number of seconds for each price step. (99% cut = 1% price drop per step)
             Amounts will be converted to the correct internal precision.
        @dev Abacus:ExponentialDecrease only
        @param _calc     The address of the ExponentialDecrease pricing contract
        @param _pct_bps Per-step multiplicative factor in basis points. (ex. 99% == 9900)
    */
    function setExponentialDecrease(address _calc, uint256 _pct_bps) public {
        require(_pct_bps < BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT); // DssExecLib/cut-too-high
        setValue(_calc, "cut", rdiv(_pct_bps, BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));
    }

    /*************************/
    /*** Oracle Management ***/
    /*************************/
    /**
        @dev Allows an oracle to read prices from its source feeds
        @param _oracle  An OSM or LP oracle contract
    */
    function whitelistOracleMedians(address _oracle) public {
        (bool ok, bytes memory data) = _oracle.call(abi.encodeWithSignature("orb0()"));
        if (ok) {
            // Token is an LP oracle
            address median0 = abi.decode(data, (address));
            addReaderToWhitelistCall(median0, _oracle);
            addReaderToWhitelistCall(OracleLike_2(_oracle).orb1(), _oracle);
        } else {
            // Standard OSM
            addReaderToWhitelistCall(OracleLike_2(_oracle).src(), _oracle);
        }
    }
    /**
        @dev Adds an address to the OSM or Median's reader whitelist, allowing the address to read prices.
        @param _oracle        Oracle Security Module (OSM) or Median core contract address
        @param _reader     Address to add to whitelist
    */
    function addReaderToWhitelist(address _oracle, address _reader) public {
        OracleLike_2(_oracle).kiss(_reader);
    }
    /**
        @dev Removes an address to the OSM or Median's reader whitelist, disallowing the address to read prices.
        @param _oracle     Oracle Security Module (OSM) or Median core contract address
        @param _reader     Address to remove from whitelist
    */
    function removeReaderFromWhitelist(address _oracle, address _reader) public {
        OracleLike_2(_oracle).diss(_reader);
    }
    /**
        @dev Adds an address to the OSM or Median's reader whitelist, allowing the address to read prices.
        @param _oracle  OSM or Median core contract address
        @param _reader  Address to add to whitelist
    */
    function addReaderToWhitelistCall(address _oracle, address _reader) public {
        (bool ok,) = _oracle.call(abi.encodeWithSignature("kiss(address)", _reader)); ok;
    }
    /**
        @dev Removes an address to the OSM or Median's reader whitelist, disallowing the address to read prices.
        @param _oracle  Oracle Security Module (OSM) or Median core contract address
        @param _reader  Address to remove from whitelist
    */
    function removeReaderFromWhitelistCall(address _oracle, address _reader) public {
        (bool ok,) = _oracle.call(abi.encodeWithSignature("diss(address)", _reader)); ok;
    }
    /**
        @dev Sets the minimum number of valid messages from whitelisted oracle feeds needed to update median price.
        @param _median     Median core contract address
        @param _minQuorum  Minimum number of valid messages from whitelisted oracle feeds needed to update median price (NOTE: MUST BE ODD NUMBER)
    */
    function setMedianWritersQuorum(address _median, uint256 _minQuorum) public {
        OracleLike_2(_median).setBar(_minQuorum);
    }
    /**
        @dev Add OSM address to OSM mom, allowing it to be frozen by governance.
        @param _osm        Oracle Security Module (OSM) core contract address
        @param _ilk        Collateral type using OSM
    */
    function allowOSMFreeze(address _osm, bytes32 _ilk) public {
        MomLike(osmMom()).setOsm(_ilk, _osm);
    }

    /*****************************/
    /*** Direct Deposit Module ***/
    /*****************************/

    /**
        @dev Sets the target rate threshold for a dai direct deposit module (d3m)
        @dev Aave: Targets the variable borrow rate
        @param _d3m     The address of the D3M contract
        @param _pct_bps Target rate in basis points. (ex. 4% == 400)
    */
    function setD3MTargetInterestRate(address _d3m, uint256 _pct_bps) public {
        require(_pct_bps < BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT); // DssExecLib/bar-too-high
        setValue(_d3m, "bar", rdiv(_pct_bps, BPS_ONE_HUNDRED_PCT));
    }

    /*****************************/
    /*** Collateral Onboarding ***/
    /*****************************/

    /**
        @dev Performs basic functions and sanity checks to add a new collateral type to the MCD system
        @param _ilk      Collateral type key code [Ex. "ETH-A"]
        @param _gem      Address of token contract
        @param _join     Address of join adapter
        @param _clip     Address of liquidation agent
        @param _calc     Address of the pricing function
        @param _pip      Address of price feed
    */
    function addCollateralBase(
        bytes32 _ilk,
        address _gem,
        address _join,
        address _clip,
        address _calc,
        address _pip
    ) public {
        // Sanity checks
        address _vat = vat();
        address _dog = dog();
        address _spotter = spotter();
        require(JoinLike(_join).vat() == _vat);     // "join-vat-not-match"
        require(JoinLike(_join).ilk() == _ilk);     // "join-ilk-not-match"
        require(JoinLike(_join).gem() == _gem);     // "join-gem-not-match"
        require(JoinLike(_join).dec() ==
                   ERC20(_gem).decimals());         // "join-dec-not-match"
        require(ClipLike(_clip).vat() == _vat);     // "clip-vat-not-match"
        require(ClipLike(_clip).dog() == _dog);     // "clip-dog-not-match"
        require(ClipLike(_clip).ilk() == _ilk);     // "clip-ilk-not-match"
        require(ClipLike(_clip).spotter() == _spotter);  // "clip-ilk-not-match"

        // Set the token PIP in the Spotter
        setContract(spotter(), _ilk, "pip", _pip);

        // Set the ilk Clipper in the Dog
        setContract(_dog, _ilk, "clip", _clip);
        // Set vow in the clip
        setContract(_clip, "vow", vow());
        // Set the pricing function for the Clipper
        setContract(_clip, "calc", _calc);

        // Init ilk in Vat & Jug
        Initializable(_vat).init(_ilk);  // Vat
        Initializable(jug()).init(_ilk);  // Jug

        // Allow ilk Join to modify Vat registry
        authorize(_vat, _join);
        // Allow ilk Join to suck dai for keepers
        authorize(_vat, _clip);
        // Allow the ilk Clipper to reduce the Dog hole on deal()
        authorize(_dog, _clip);
        // Allow Dog to kick auctions in ilk Clipper
        authorize(_clip, _dog);
        // Allow End to yank auctions in ilk Clipper
        authorize(_clip, end());
        // Authorize the ESM to execute in the clipper
        authorize(_clip, esm());

        // Add new ilk to the IlkRegistry
        RegistryLike(reg()).add(_join);
    }

    // Complete collateral onboarding logic.
    function addNewCollateral(CollateralOpts memory co) public {
        // Add the collateral to the system.
        addCollateralBase(co.ilk, co.gem, co.join, co.clip, co.calc, co.pip);
        address clipperMom_ = clipperMom();

        if (!co.isLiquidatable) {
            // Disallow Dog to kick auctions in ilk Clipper
            setValue(co.clip, "stopped", 3);
        } else {
            // Grant ClipperMom access to the ilk Clipper
            authorize(co.clip, clipperMom_);
        }

        if(co.isOSM) { // If pip == OSM
            // Allow OsmMom to access to the TOKEN OSM
            authorize(co.pip, osmMom());
            if (co.whitelistOSM) { // If median is src in OSM
                // Whitelist OSM to read the Median data (only necessary if it is the first time the token is being added to an ilk)
                whitelistOracleMedians(co.pip);
            }
            // Whitelist Spotter to read the OSM data (only necessary if it is the first time the token is being added to an ilk)
            addReaderToWhitelist(co.pip, spotter());
            // Whitelist Clipper on pip
            addReaderToWhitelist(co.pip, co.clip);
            // Allow the clippermom to access the feed
            addReaderToWhitelist(co.pip, clipperMom_);
            // Whitelist End to read the OSM data (only necessary if it is the first time the token is being added to an ilk)
            addReaderToWhitelist(co.pip, end());
            // Set TOKEN OSM in the OsmMom for new ilk
            allowOSMFreeze(co.pip, co.ilk);
        }
        // Increase the global debt ceiling by the ilk ceiling
        increaseGlobalDebtCeiling(co.ilkDebtCeiling);

        // Set the ilk debt ceiling
        setIlkDebtCeiling(co.ilk, co.ilkDebtCeiling);

        // Set the hole size
        setIlkMaxLiquidationAmount(co.ilk, co.maxLiquidationAmount);

        // Set the ilk dust
        setIlkMinVaultAmount(co.ilk, co.minVaultAmount);

        // Set the ilk liquidation penalty
        setIlkLiquidationPenalty(co.ilk, co.liquidationPenalty);

        // Set the ilk stability fee
        setIlkStabilityFee(co.ilk, co.ilkStabilityFee, true);

        // Set the auction starting price multiplier
        setStartingPriceMultiplicativeFactor(co.ilk, co.startingPriceFactor);

        // Set the amount of time before an auction resets.
        setAuctionTimeBeforeReset(co.ilk, co.auctionDuration);

        // Set the allowed auction drop percentage before reset
        setAuctionPermittedDrop(co.ilk, co.permittedDrop);

        // Set the ilk min collateralization ratio
        setIlkLiquidationRatio(co.ilk, co.liquidationRatio);

        // Set the price tolerance in the liquidation circuit breaker
        setLiquidationBreakerPriceTolerance(co.clip, co.breakerTolerance);

        // Set a flat rate for the keeper reward
        setKeeperIncentiveFlatRate(co.ilk, co.kprFlatReward);

        // Set the percentage of liquidation as keeper award
        setKeeperIncentivePercent(co.ilk, co.kprPctReward);

        // Update ilk spot value in Vat
        updateCollateralPrice(co.ilk);
    }

    /***************/
    /*** Payment ***/
    /***************/