// Contract: NFT
// Target function: function _safeTransferFrom(
 valid NFT. When transfer is complete, this
     * function checks if `_to` is a smart contract (code size > 0). If so, it calls
     * `onERC721Received` on `_to` and throws if the return value is not
     * `bytes4(keccak256("onERC721Received(address,uint256,bytes)"))`.
     * @dev Transfers the ownership of an NFT from one address to another address. This function can
     * be changed to payable.
     * @param _from The current owner of the NFT.
     * @param _to The new owner.
     * @param _tokenId The NFT to transfer.
     * @param _data Additional data with no specified format, sent in call to `_to`.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _tokenId,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) external;

    /**
     * @notice This works identically to the other function with an extra data parameter, except this
     * function just sets data to ""
     * @dev Transfers the ownership of an NFT from one address to another address. This function can
     * be changed to payable.
     * @param _from The current owner of the NFT.
     * @param _to The new owner.
     * @param _tokenId The NFT to transfer.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @notice The caller is responsible to confirm that `_to` is capable of receiving NFTs or else
     * they may be permanently lost.
     * @dev Throws unless `msg.sender` is the current owner, an authorized operator, or the approved
     * address for this NFT. Throws if `_from` is not the current owner. Throws if `_to` is the zero
     * address. Throws if `_tokenId` is not a valid NFT.  This function can be changed to payable.
     * @param _from The current owner of the NFT.
     * @param _to The new owner.
     * @param _tokenId The NFT to transfer.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _tokenId
    ) external;

    /**
     * @notice The zero address indicates there is no approved address. Throws unless `msg.sender` is
     * the current NFT owner, or an authorized operator of the current owner.
     * @param _approved The new approved NFT controller.
     * @dev Set or reaffirm the approved address for an NFT. This function can be changed to payable.
     * @param _tokenId The NFT to approve.
     */
    function approve(address _approved, uint256 _tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @notice The contract MUST allow multiple operators per owner.
     * @dev Enables or disables approval for a third party ("operator") to manage all of
     * `msg.sender`'s assets. It also emits the ApprovalForAll event.
     * @param _operator Address to add to the set of authorized operators.
     * @param _approved True if the operators is approved, false to revoke approval.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address _operator, bool _approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of NFTs owned by `_owner`. NFTs assigned to the zero address are
     * considered invalid, and this function throws for queries about the zero address.
     * @notice Count all NFTs assigned to an owner.
     * @param _owner Address for whom to query the balance.
     * @return Balance of _owner.
     */
    function balanceOf(address _owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @notice Find the owner of an NFT.
     * @dev Returns the address of the owner of the NFT. NFTs assigned to the zero address are
     * considered invalid, and queries about them do throw.
     * @param _tokenId The identifier for an NFT.
     * @return Address of _tokenId owner.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 _tokenId) external view returns (address);

    /**
     * @notice Throws if `_tokenId` is not a valid NFT.
     * @dev Get the approved address for a single NFT.
     * @param _tokenId The NFT to find the approved address for.
     * @return Address that _tokenId is approved for.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 _tokenId) external view returns (address);

    /**
     * @notice Query if an address is an authorized operator for another address.
     * @dev Returns true if `_operator` is an approved operator for `_owner`, false otherwise.
     * @param _owner The address that owns the NFTs.
     * @param _operator The address that acts on behalf of the owner.
     * @return True if approved for all, false otherwise.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address _owner, address _operator)
        external
        view
        returns (bool);
}

/**
 * @dev Implementation of ERC-721 non-fungible token standard.
 */
contract NFToken is ERC721, SupportsInterface {
    using AddressUtils for address;

    /**
     * @dev List of revert message codes. Implementing dApp should handle showing the correct message.
     * Based on 0xcert framework error codes.
     */
    string constant ZERO_ADDRESS = "003001";
    string constant NOT_VALID_NFT = "003002";
    string constant NOT_OWNER_OR_OPERATOR = "003003";
    string constant NOT_OWNER_APPROVED_OR_OPERATOR = "003004";
    string constant NOT_ABLE_TO_RECEIVE_NFT = "003005";
    string constant NFT_ALREADY_EXISTS = "003006";
    string constant NOT_OWNER = "003007";
    string constant IS_OWNER = "003008";

    /**
     * @dev Magic value of a smart contract that can receive NFT.
     * Equal to: bytes4(keccak256("onERC721Received(address,address,uint256,bytes)")).
     */
    bytes4 internal constant MAGIC_ON_ERC721_RECEIVED = 0x150b7a02;

    /**
     * @dev A mapping from NFT ID to the address that owns it.
     */
    mapping(uint256 => address) internal idToOwner;

    /**
     * @dev Mapping from NFT ID to approved address.
     */
    mapping(uint256 => address) internal idToApproval;

    /**
     * @dev Mapping from owner address to count of their tokens.
     */
    mapping(address => uint256) private ownerToNFTokenCount;

    /**
     * @dev Mapping from owner address to mapping of operator addresses.
     */
    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) internal ownerToOperators;

    /**
     * @dev Guarantees that the msg.sender is an owner or operator of the given NFT.
     * @param _tokenId ID of the NFT to validate.
     */
    modifier canOperate(uint256 _tokenId) {
        address tokenOwner = idToOwner[_tokenId];
        require(
            tokenOwner == msg.sender ||
                ownerToOperators[tokenOwner][msg.sender],
            NOT_OWNER_OR_OPERATOR
        );
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Guarantees that the msg.sender is allowed to transfer NFT.
     * @param _tokenId ID of the NFT to transfer.
     */
    modifier canTransfer(uint256 _tokenId) {
        address tokenOwner = idToOwner[_tokenId];
        require(
            tokenOwner == msg.sender ||
                idToApproval[_tokenId] == msg.sender ||
                ownerToOperators[tokenOwner][msg.sender],
            NOT_OWNER_APPROVED_OR_OPERATOR
        );
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Guarantees that _tokenId is a valid Token.
     * @param _tokenId ID of the NFT to validate.
     */
    modifier validNFToken(uint256 _tokenId) {
        require(idToOwner[_tokenId] != address(0), NOT_VALID_NFT);
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Contract constructor.
     */
    constructor() {
        supportedInterfaces[0x80ac58cd] = true; // ERC721
    }

    /**
     * @notice Throws unless `msg.sender` is the current owner, an authorized operator, or the
     * approved address for this NFT. Throws if `_from` is not the current owner. Throws if `_to` is
     * the zero address. Throws if `_tokenId` is not a valid NFT. When transfer is complete, this
     * function checks if `_to` is a smart contract (code size > 0). If so, it calls
     * `onERC721Received` on `_to` and throws if the return value is not
     * `bytes4(keccak256("onERC721Received(address,uint256,bytes)"))`.
     * @dev Transfers the ownership of an NFT from one address to another address. This function can
     * be changed to payable.
     * @param _from The current owner of the NFT.
     * @param _to The new owner.
     * @param _tokenId The NFT to transfer.
     * @param _data Additional data with no specified format, sent in call to `_to`.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _tokenId,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) external override {
        _safeTransferFrom(_from, _to, _tokenId, _data);
    }

    /**
     * @notice This works identically to the other function with an extra data parameter, except this
     * function just sets data to "".
     * @dev Transfers the ownership of an NFT from one address to another address. This function can
     * be changed to payable.
     * @param _from The current owner of the NFT.
     * @param _to The new owner.
     * @param _tokenId The NFT to transfer.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _tokenId
    ) external override {
        _safeTransferFrom(_from, _to, _tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @notice The caller is responsible to confirm that `_to` is capable of receiving NFTs or else
     * they may be permanently lost.
     * @dev Throws unless `msg.sender` is the current owner, an authorized operator, or the approved
     * address for this NFT. Throws if `_from` is not the current owner. Throws if `_to` is the zero
     * address. Throws if `_tokenId` is not a valid NFT. This function can be changed to payable.
     * @param _from The current owner of the NFT.
     * @param _to The new owner.
     * @param _tokenId The NFT to transfer.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address _from,
        address _to,
        uint256 _tokenId
    ) external override canTransfer(_tokenId) validNFToken(_tokenId) {
        address tokenOwner = idToOwner[_tokenId];
        require(tokenOwner == _from, NOT_OWNER);
        require(_to != address(0), ZERO_ADDRESS);

        _transfer(_to, _tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @notice The zero address indicates there is no approved address. Throws unless `msg.sender` is
     * the current NFT owner, or an authorized operator of the current owner.
     * @dev Set or reaffirm the approved address for an NFT. This function can be changed to payable.
     * @param _approved Address to be approved for the given NFT ID.
     * @param _tokenId ID of the token to be approved.
     */
    function approve(address _approved, uint256 _tokenId)
        external
        override
        canOperate(_tokenId)
        validNFToken(_tokenId)
    {
        address tokenOwner = idToOwner[_tokenId];
        require(_approved != tokenOwner, IS_OWNER);

        idToApproval[_tokenId] = _approved;
        emit Approval(tokenOwner, _approved, _tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @notice This works even if sender doesn't own any tokens at the time.
     * @dev Enables or disables approval for a third party ("operator") to manage all of
     * `msg.sender`'s assets. It also emits the ApprovalForAll event.
     * @param _operator Address to add to the set of authorized operators.
     * @param _approved True if the operators is approved, false to revoke approval.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address _operator, bool _approved)
        external
        override
    {
        ownerToOperators[msg.sender][_operator] = _approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(msg.sender, _operator, _approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of NFTs owned by `_owner`. NFTs assigned to the zero address are
     * considered invalid, and this function throws for queries about the zero address.
     * @param _owner Address for whom to query the balance.
     * @return Balance of _owner.
     */
    function balanceOf(address _owner)
        external
        view
        override
        returns (uint256)
    {
        require(_owner != address(0), ZERO_ADDRESS);
        return _getOwnerNFTCount(_owner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the owner of the NFT. NFTs assigned to the zero address are
     * considered invalid, and queries about them do throw.
     * @param _tokenId The identifier for an NFT.
     * @return _owner Address of _tokenId owner.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 _tokenId)
        external
        view
        override
        returns (address _owner)
    {
        _owner = idToOwner[_tokenId];
        require(_owner != address(0), NOT_VALID_NFT);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Throws if `_tokenId` is not a valid NFT.
     * @dev Get the approved address for a single NFT.
     * @param _tokenId ID of the NFT to query the approval of.
     * @return Address that _tokenId is approved for.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 _tokenId)
        external
        view
        override
        validNFToken(_tokenId)
        returns (address)
    {
        return idToApproval[_tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Checks if `_operator` is an approved operator for `_owner`.
     * @param _owner The address that owns the NFTs.
     * @param _operator The address that acts on behalf of the owner.
     * @return True if approved for all, false otherwise.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address _owner, address _operator)
        external
        view
        override
        returns (bool)
    {
        return ownerToOperators[_owner][_operator];
    }

    /**
     * @notice Does NO checks.
     * @dev Actually performs the transfer.
     * @param _to Address of a new owner.
     * @param _tokenId The NFT that is being transferred.
     */
    function _transfer(address _to, uint256 _tokenId) internal {
        address from = idToOwner[_tokenId];
        _clearApproval(_tokenId);

        _removeNFToken(from, _tokenId);
        _addNFToken(_to, _tokenId);

        emit Transfer(from, _to, _tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @notice This is an internal function which should be called from user-implemented external
     * mint function. Its purpose is to show and properly initialize data structures when using this
     * implementation.
     * @dev Mints a new NFT.
     * @param _to The address that will own the minted NFT.
     * @param _tokenId of the NFT to be minted by the msg.sender.
     */
    function _mint(address _to, uint256 _tokenId) internal virtual {
        require(_to != address(0), ZERO_ADDRESS);
        require(idToOwner[_tokenId] == address(0), NFT_ALREADY_EXISTS);

        _addNFToken(_to, _tokenId);

        emit Transfer(address(0), _to, _tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @notice This is an internal function which should be called from user-implemented external burn
     * function. Its purpose is to show and properly initialize data structures when using this
     * implementation. Also, note that this burn implementation allows the minter to re-mint a burned
     * NFT.
     * @dev Burns a NFT.
     * @param _tokenId ID of the NFT to be burned.
     */
    function _burn(uint256 _tokenId) internal virtual validNFToken(_tokenId) {
        address tokenOwner = idToOwner[_tokenId];
        _clearApproval(_tokenId);
        _removeNFToken(tokenOwner, _tokenId);
        emit Transfer(tokenOwner, address(0), _tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @notice Use and override this function with caution. Wrong usage can have serious consequences.
     * @dev Removes a NFT from owner.
     * @param _from Address from which we want to remove the NFT.
     * @param _tokenId Which NFT we want to remove.
     */
    function _removeNFToken(address _from, uint256 _tokenId) internal virtual {
        require(idToOwner[_tokenId] == _from, NOT_OWNER);
        ownerToNFTokenCount[_from] -= 1;
        delete idToOwner[_tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @notice Use and override this function with caution. Wrong usage can have serious consequences.
     * @dev Assigns a new NFT to owner.
     * @param _to Address to which we want to add the NFT.
     * @param _tokenId Which NFT we want to add.
     */
    function _addNFToken(address _to, uint256 _tokenId) internal virtual {
        require(idToOwner[_tokenId] == address(0), NFT_ALREADY_EXISTS);

        idToOwner[_tokenId] = _to;
        ownerToNFTokenCount[_to] += 1;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Helper function that gets NFT count of owner. This is needed for overriding in enumerable
     * extension to remove double storage (gas optimization) of owner NFT count.
     * @param _owner Address for whom to query the count.
     * @return Number of _owner NFTs.
     */
    function _getOwnerNFTCount(address _owner)
        internal
        view
        virtual
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return ownerToNFTokenCount[_owner];
    }