samchain/econo-pairs-v2 huggingface dataset:
opening ceremony of asian financial cooperation association ( afca ) keynote speech by dr. veerathai santiprabhob, governor of the bank of thailand beijing, july 24, 2017 vice president mr. ma kai, vice premier of china mr. guo shuqing, chairman of the china banking regulatory commission ( cbrc ) mr. chen yuan, vice chairman of the chinese people's political consultative conference mr. jin liqun, president of the asian infrastructure investment bank ( aiib ) mr. norman chan, chief executive of the hong kong monetary authority ( hkma ) mr. tian guoli, chairman of afca excellencies, executives of financial institutions, ladies and gentlemen. a very good afternoon to you all, today ’ s opening ceremony of the asian financial cooperation association ( afca ) is a very auspicious occasion, and i am honoured to be a part of this historical event. i would like to congratulate the chinese government for successfully establishing afca – a new forum, which i am certain, will play a significant role in enhancing financial connectivity and cooperation within asia. i would therefore like to take this opportunity to share with you my thoughts on how we can further enhance financial connectivity to ensure sustained shared benefits – as stated in afca ’ s mission1. ladies and gentlemen, people have long been connected by trade along the ancient silk road dating back more than 2, 000 years ago. today in modern times, many trade and investment agreements between china and other asian countries have promoted close economic ties in the region. thanks to the chinese leadership, the spirit of connectivity and cooperation is further enhanced through the one belt one road initiative. the asian infrastructure investment bank ( aiib ) is an added funding impetus to ensure that there will be physical infrastructure connectivity, laying the strong foundation for shared economic prosperity. china ’ s growing economic ties with thailand and asean have become stronger in many aspects. china has been the largest trading partner of thailand since 2013. thanks to the china - asean fta, china has been asean ’ s largest trading partner since 20092, while asean has been the third - largest trading partner of china since 20113. china has been one of thailand ’ s top foreign investors for the past nine years4. and in terms of tourism, almost afca follows the philosophy of openness and inclusiveness as well as the mission of “ connectivity, cooperation, joint governance, and shared benefits ” asean secretariat : asean trade balance ( in us $ million

situations, especially liquidity provision and the supportive legal framework. these four pillars, in my view, are the key minimums for implementing an effective financial - stability orientation policy. thank you.
the economy cannot prosper. as the first line of the banking and finance oath says : ‘ trust is the foundation of my profession ’. 1 i encourage everybody in the finance sector to read this oath regularly and to live by it. australia's banks have a strong record of being worthy of the trust that is placed in them to repay deposits. the last bank failure in australia that resulted in a loss to depositors was almost 90 years ago, back in 1931, and it was a very small bank and depositors lost only a small fraction of their deposits. 2 this is a positive record that few countries can match. this strength was apparent during the financial crisis a decade ago and has served australia well. the australian 1 / 11 bis central bankers'speeches banks are strongly capitalised and have considerable liquidity buffers. on the whole, they have also managed credit risk effectively, reporting few problem loans by global standards. this means that we can have a high level of trust in the ability of australia's banks to repay depositors. indeed, our strong and stable banking system is one of the australian economy's strengths. it is in other areas, though, where trust has been strained. it is clear that the behaviours highlighted by the royal commission have dented the community's trust in parts of our financial sector. the case studies used by the commission have put the spotlight on three important issues : 1. the inadequate way in which banks have dealt with conflict of interest issues ; 2. the way that poorly designed incentive systems can distort behaviour – promoting a sales culture at the expense of a service culture, and promoting the short term at the expense of the long term ; and 3. the fact that the consequences for not doing the right thing have, in some cases, been too light. strengthening trust in our financial institutions requires all three issues to be addressed. central to this task is creating a strong culture of service within australia's financial institutions. too often our financial institutions prioritised sales over service. correcting this starts with the system of internal reward established by the board and management. the vast bulk of the people who work for australia's financial institutions do want to do the right thing, and they do want to serve their customers as best they can. but, like everybody else, they respond to the incentives they face. if they are rewarded on sales or short - term objectives, it should not come as a great surprise that that's what they

the prospects must be for a relatively quick rebound of activity.
caleb m fundanga : the new k10, 000 banknote in zambia opening remarks by dr caleb m fundanga, governor of the bank of zambia, at the official launch of the new k10, 000 banknote, bank of zambia, lusaka, 16 june 2008. * * * • members of the press • official from commercial banks present • ladies and gentlemen i wish to welcome you all to the bank of zambia. the objective of this press briefing is to announce the introduction of the new k10, 000 banknote in our economy. the new k10, 000 banknote will be put into circulation as early as this week. by showing you the new k10, 000 banknote first, we expect that you will, in turn, help us to inform the public about this new banknote. in order for us to help you understand the new k10, 000 banknote, we have produced posters and will make a short power point presentation. the posters are showing the main public recognition and security features of the new k10, 000 banknote. let me from the outset inform you that although we are calling it a new k10, 000 banknote, most of the features on the banknote are still the same as those on the current k10, 000 banknotes. the differences can best be detected by comparing this new k10, 000 banknote with the current k10, 000 banknotes in circulation. ladies and gentlemen the new features on the k10, 000 banknote are as follows : on the front of the banknote – there is a new bright silver demetallised holographic lead representing a fish eagle. this has replaced the old hologram of the head of a fish eagle. on the back of the banknote – the area around the value numeral, k10, 000 in the right top corner, is printed with a special ink which shifts colour from copper to green when angle of view is changed. these are the two changes that have been made to the k10, 000 banknote. all other features are basically the same. the reason for the introduction of these two features is mainly to enhance the security of the banknote. the bank of zambia would further like to inform the public that the new k10, 000 banknote and the current circulating k10, 000 banknotes shall circulate side by side. the new and current banknotes will therefore all be legal tender. the current k10, 000 banknotes will

be replaced by the new k10, 000 banknote once they reach the end of their lifespan through soiling and / or mutilation. therefore, i urge you to take a closer look at the new k10, 000 banknote in order to inform the public correctly. i thank you.
vitas vasiliauskas : welcome speech welcome speech by mr vitas vasiliauskas, chairman of the board of the bank of lithuania, at the kick - off meeting of the eu twinning project for the national bank of ukraine, 9 march 2021. * * * dear mr sologub, ms gajecka, dear ms allio, dear ambassadors, project participants, ladies and gentlemen, i am honoured to speak to you to at this kick - off event of the eu twinning project for the national bank of ukraine ( nbu ). for quite some time now, the nbu and the bank of lithuania have been engaged in intense bilateral cooperation. over the years, we have built strong and long - lasting professional, and even personal relationships. i would say that these relationships come easily and naturally – and not only between our institutions, but between our people as well. they are grounded in our shared experience between the two nations, our common historical and geopolitical backgrounds. in recent years, the ukrainian society has been showing increasingly more interest in the period of the grand duchy of lithuania in the history of ukraine. it has been rediscovered, widely researched and perceived as an example of a democratic coexistence of nations. indeed, the grand duchy is where our joint regional identity was born. if i had to pick a historical figure that best exemplifies this common identity, it would probably be kostjantyn ostroz ’ kyj – or konstantinas ostrogiskis in lithuanian. born in western ukraine, a devout orthodox loyal to the catholic monarch, he was the grand hetman of lithuania, the commander - in - chief of the armed forces of the duchy. in certain cases, ostroz ’ kyj led both the polish and lithuanian militaries. in modern times, the lithuanian - polish - ukrainian brigade was named after him. his legacy is one of many that we share between ukrainians and lithuanians. our common narratives and cultural ties help us understand each other well today. this understanding manifests itself in practical and mutually beneficial cooperation. having successfully integrated into the eu and nato, lithuania has been actively assisting ukraine on its path towards euro atlantic integration. one key contribution has been lithuania ’ s participation in the eu twinning projects aimed at promoting cooperation between public institutions in the eu and eastern partnership countries. these projects may not necessarily look revolutionary, yet they yield tangible results. the euukraine association agreement commits ukraine

of lithuania has become more actively involved in technical assistance projects. the twinning project with the nbu is the second twinning venture for us. it is also the second one in which we are, as a junior partner, working side - by - side with the nbp. in both cases, we could never have been provided with more competent and professional teammates than our polish colleagues. on my final note, let me wish us all a successful and engaging event today and a rewarding cooperation in the times ahead. i hope to see you all soon in person when we finally put this pandemic in the rear - view mirror. 2 / 2 bis central bankers'speeches
year ’ s candidates all the very best and now take much pleasure in inviting our sponsors to say a few words. thank you. bis central bankers ’ speeches

barry whiteside : microfinance initiatives in fiji opening address by mr barry whiteside, governor of the reserve bank of fiji, at the launch of the 2014 microfinance awards, reserve bank of fiji, suva, 2 june 2014. * * * fellow national financial inclusion taskforce members our valued sponsors of the microfinance awards : life insurance corporation of india and the pacific financial inclusion programme all our stakeholders in financial inclusion colleagues and members of the media ladies and gentlemen a very good evening to you all. it is with great pleasure that i welcome you all to the launch of our 2nd national microfinance awards. a number of us were fortunate to be present during the first awards presentation ceremony last october, which coincided with the pacific microfinance week conference in nadi. at the time we experienced the great excitement amongst our winners, but what was also gratifying were the emotions and sentiments shown by all the regional participants at the conference. the national microfinance awards is a special event in the rbf calendar. this is when we get the opportunity to pay tribute to the key stakeholders and recognise the valuable contribution that microfinance makes to the national economy. more importantly it is about recognizing and supporting our budding micro - entrepreneurs. i am pleased to learn from last year ’ s winners, that participating in the awards has helped them raise their strategies, goals and ways to improve and achieve a better future. furthermore it has inspired their respective communities, highlighting the hard work and discipline that is needed in keeping a small business running. at the reserve bank we are pleased to learn that as these micro - businesses have grown the business owners often involve their family members. this has provided valuable work experience, especially for their young ones. the extra income to the family translates into important advantages, including a chance for a better education. micro - entrepreneurs not only create a path to economic self - reliance but they also bring positive social and economic benefits to their local communities and the economy as a whole. we all know many examples of large successful companies in fiji today that started from very humble beginnings. in 2013, there were approximately 4, 200 micro, small and medium enterprises or msmes in fiji accounting for approximately 12 percent of our gdp or around $ 800 million. msmes, when given the right support, have the potential to lift the economy and can contribute strongly to employment, an issue which has been very much at the forefront of our development and growth objectives. i am pleased that the reserve
stanley fischer : us economy and monetary policy speech by mr stanley fischer, vice chair of the board of governors of the federal reserve system, at the group of thirty international banking seminar, lima, peru, 11 october 2015. * * * the u. s. economy continues to grow at a moderate pace, a pace sufficient to generate ongoing improvements in the labor market. on average, payrolls have expanded about 200, 000 per month so far this year, and the unemployment rate has declined to 5. 1 percent, just a bit above federal open market committee ( fomc ) participants ’ median estimate of the normal long - run level of unemployment. but there remain additional forms of slack in the labor market that are not fully captured by the standard unemployment rate. the labor force participation rate remains below most estimates of its underlying trend, and an unusually large number of people are working part time but would prefer to work full time. moreover, nominal wage growth has remained subdued. real wage growth has also been subdued, possibly reflecting the low rates of productivity growth in the united states economy during recent years. as you know, the last two months saw slower reported payroll gains of about 140, 000 per month. while this step - down is somewhat disappointing, the pace of job growth is still sufficiently strong gradually to erode slack in the labor market, and the prospects for further labor market improvement look good overall. gross domestic product ( gdp ) growth in the first half of 2015 is now estimated to have been at an annual rate of 2 - 1 / 4 percent, and private forecasters are projecting gdp to continue to rise, at a pace in the neighborhood of 2 percent, in the second half. consumer spending has been rising solidly of late, likely a reflection of the boost to purchasing power from the lower oil prices as well as the ongoing job gains and a wealth - to - income ratio that remains high even after the recent declines in the stock market. further, the negative effect of low oil prices on the growth of investment in the u. s. energy sector appears to be waning. the restraint on net exports stemming from the appreciation of the dollar over the past year, and from global developments more generally, may be a negative influence on gdp growth for somewhat longer, but that restraint is likely to continue to be outweighed by the other sources of growth. although the labor market has been approaching estimates of maximum employment, inflation has been well below the fomc ’ s 2 percent objective.

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have experienced plunges in the markets for our goods. we recovered by developing new goods and services and entering new markets. there can be no doubt that we have the entrepreneurial spirit, the skills, the educated work force and the expertise to compete successfully in the global marketplace. but that does not make it easy. bis central bankers ’ speeches bis central bankers ’ speeches bis central bankers ’ speeches bis central bankers ’ speeches bis central bankers ’ speeches bis central bankers ’ speeches bis central bankers ’ speeches bis central bankers ’ speeches bis central bankers ’ speeches bis central bankers ’ speeches

until mid - october this year. these decisions help facilitate the provision of credit to the euro area economy. at the same time, the governing council will continue, in the context of its medium - term monetary policy strategy, to implement the gradual phasing - out of any extraordinary liquidity measures that are no longer needed, taking due account of economic and financial market conditions. such a medium - term orientation is essential in order to fulfil the ecb ’ s mandate of maintaining price stability in the euro area. thus, phasing - out some of the non - standard measures to avoid risks to price stability at a later stage is fully in line with the ecb ’ s price stability mandate under the current circumstances. at the same time, the ecb will avoid too early an exit from its non - standard measures, as this would risk hurting the normalisation of financial markets and the recovery. of course, we do not know today what post - crisis normality would look like. nor do we yet know the design of the “ final ” post - crisis operational framework. however, when talking about the end - point of the phasing - out, the operational framework that prevailed prior to the start of the financial turmoil in august 2007 might provide a good benchmark. should we fully revert to this, only a very few policy parameters remain – in particular, the tender procedures to be applied in the main refinancing operations and the operations with a duration of one maintenance period, which is approximately one month ( a return to variable rate tenders ). the monetary policy framework recently, some voices have argued that central banks should act as risk managers by organising their working framework with a view to avoiding events that may lead to deflation. it has been further argued that, in such a working framework, central banks should relax their targets and aim for significantly higher inflation rates. in this vein the question has been raised as to whether it would not be appropriate to have a permanently higher inflation target of 4 %, as this would leave more room for monetary policy to react to large, adverse shocks. i strongly oppose this notion. any relaxing of central banks ’ mandates in this direction would be a serious mistake. let me explain why. certainly, it may be tempting for governments to suggest higher inflation in order to monetise the dramatic build - up of public debt. however, calling on central banks to raise inflation rates permanently takes the focus away from the overriding problem, which
also more effective. conclusion the first mais lectures launched the fight against inflation. with time and increased confidence policymakers would win that war only to lose the peace. as a consequence, george osborne ’ s 2010 lecture heralded the return of prudential supervision and the introduction of macroprudential policy to the bank of england. today ’ s challenge is to create a macroeconomic environment that provides the basis for strong, sustainable and balanced growth, the economist ’ s equivalent of a land fit for heroes. this evening i have sketched how the bank of england intends to makes its contribution. i am in no doubt that those who come after me will add to our collective knowledge of how best to coordinate the bank ’ s vast array of policy levers to achieve our fundamental mission. an open and confident bank will welcome such advice and criticism. why? because the need for broad macroeconomic management is not just an intellectual curiosity, but rather a reality that will persist for years to come. as the mpc has signalled, a low for long interest rate environment will likely be with us for some time. the mpc ’ s new guidance that any adjustments in rates, when they come, will be limited and gradual helps provide confidence to households and businesses that the mpc won ’ t take risks with the recovery. this in turn helps make the attainment of the inflation target more likely. at the same time, policymakers across the bank ’ s statutory committees are fully aware that an environment of relatively low and predictable interest rates could encourage excessive risk taking in financial markets and by households. 22 this puts a tremendous burden on both microprudential supervision and macroprudential management. moreover, the nature of a rapidly evolving global economy reinforces these pressures. sustained imbalances across countries, intense capital flow volatility and powerful disinflationary forces driven by the integration of the other half of humanity into the global economy will buffet our economy and financial sector for years to come. the bank can help turn those challenges into opportunities. through the coordinated use of the bank ’ s tools, risks to monetary and financial stability can be mitigated. through changes to the hard and soft infrastructure of markets fair, open and competitive markets can be re - built. through ideas and engagement, the global financial system can be reformed to secure an open, resilient system in which all countries have confidence and in which british businesses can thrive. to achieve this we are building a central bank for

account of the recent developments. i hope you will have fruitful discussions at this two - day meeting and subsequent meetings of the g20, leading up to the finance ministers and central bank governors meeting in fukuoka in june. i look forward to meeting you all again later this year. thank you for your attention.