encouraged under the current arrangements of program delivery. third, the excessive focus on public budgetary allocations on education and health has neglected the tremendous expenditures, being made by the households themselves in spending on schooling, health care, water and sanitation and also the efforts being made by other providers of these services in non - governmental sector. attention should be shifted from the level of public expenditures or its share in gdp to the productivity of these expenditures. these stereotype and meaningless indicators with which the countries are flogged for lack of their commitment are not very helpful. fourth, it is my contention that we should distinguish between financing and provisioning. while the government should be responsible for financing primary and to a large extent secondary education and basic health services particularly preventive it should have, however, no exclusivity or monopoly in providing these services. for the poor quintiles the access to quality services can be improved if the government provides scholarships, stipends, per capita grants and financial assistance to the non - governmental or quasi - governmental institutions in a transparent and targeted manner. the government is already providing several incentives to these providers in the context of its public - private partnership program which needs further strengthening in operational terms. to illustrate this point education and health in pakistan has been blessed recently with the entry or private sector, not - for - profit organizations, semi or quasi - governmental bodies ( annex i for a tentative list ). the national commission on human development, the national or provincial educational foundations, rural support programs, fauji foundation, private foundations, charitable hospitals and clinics are taking an increasing burden of provisioning every day. there is no reason that the government cannot use some of these quality institutions for financing the services targeted at the poor. so a competitive business model in which all service providers irrespective of their affiliation meeting the set criteria can provide the education, health or other services to the poor households needs to be implemented. if the above holistic framework encompassing the concept, measurement, financing, provisioning of human development is agreed upon and a consensus is reached then the issue of financing human resource development becomes less pressing. table - i financing human development 2005 - 2010 public private total basic and college education health, nutrition and populate water and sanitation skilled based literary, technology education higher education, s & t total annual the total financing requirements for human development as identified in the mtdf and estimated on the basis of household expenditures amount to rs. 2160 billion over 2005 - 2010 period or

demonstrated its ability to exit from most of its extraordinary liquidity facilities over late 2009 and early 2010, even as it continued its policy of extraordinary accommodation. conclusion the united states is not greece. we have the largest, most robust economy in the world. we have the deepest, most liquid financial markets. and the dollar is the world ’ s reserve currency, bestowing key advantages upon us. but, none of this is our birthright. it must be earned, and re - earned. the events of the past several years underscore that unanticipated, nonlinear events can happen, even to the most well - intentioned policymakers in the strongest economies in the world. we ought not to be dismissive of the threats to our privileged position in the world. and we should take the necessary measures to ensure that our economy is strong over the long term.