a great deal of money, had also cost citizens'confidence in banks, in the financial sector. we had to restore that confidence. for our citizens and our sector, for our economy and for our future. the question was how? we decided that our mission as a central bank and as a financial supervisor should focus more on our contribution to sustainable prosperity and hence, sustainable finance. we decided that we would choose to emphasise the long term instead of the short term. to look beyond financial welfare to well - being, to look beyond mere economic growth to inclusive, sustainable growth. because we were convinced that sustainability was a prerequisite to restore confidence, a prerequisite to safeguard the future. for our citizens and for the financial sector. 1 / 4 bis - central bankers'speeches eleven years ago, that was – if i may say so myself – a bold decision, because sustainability was not mainstream, not on every agenda. but what could and can a central bank, wat can we do, to help save our planet? definitely not everything. we are not elected politicians. we are not in the driving seat, but definitely part of the team. a part of the team in three different ways, in three different roles. as a supervisor and regulator, as a long - term economic adviser and as a leader by example. to start with the obvious : as a supervisor and regulator we have a responsibility to address macro - and microprudential risks and thereby contribute to financial stability. in this capacity we can help guide financial institutions to identify, recognise and mitigate risks, and - should risks materialise - prevent them from having serious consequences. to give a few examples : we have developed a climate stress testing framework for transition risks, which we will expand this year to include a focus on physical risks. also late last year, dnb published a guide with good practices to control climate - and environment - related risks. this guide was particularly aimed at insurers and pension funds and in line with the ecb's 2020 guide aimed at banks. it seeks to provide financial institutions with constructive good practices to help with their risk management. in the near future, we aim to integrate climate - and environment - related risks into our'regular'periodic supervision. our role as a long - term economic adviser is – of course – based on accumulated knowledge, on data and facts : we are central bankers, not philosophers. before we tackle a problem we have to understand it, and in order

terminals, atms, internet payments, mobile payments and card payments. all these methods of payment have to be accessible for everyone. one particularly successful european initiative i'd like to mention is pay - able, a platform that strives for barrier - free access to payment terminals. inspired by the european accessibility act, implemented in the spring of 2019, we released a report outlining numerous best practices for accessibility. many of these practices are of course focused on digitisation. the report outlines two concrete solutions : firstly, various banks have included speech technologies in their various payment apps. secondly, an increasing number of atms and payment terminals use voice assistance and light and sound signals to help disabled users. and fourth and finally : i also represent dnb on the steering committee of the money wise platform. this platform was set up by the dutch minister of finance and several other public and private sector organisations. every year we carry out all sorts of projects to improve dutch people ’ s knowledge of financial products. and to encourage financially responsible behaviour. her royal highness queen maxima is honorary patron of the money wise platform. what we have learned is that campaigns for raising public awareness are much more effective when they fulfil two conditions. first, when stakeholders work together. and secondly if events are repeated, ideally internationally. you may already be familiar with money week. this is a programme of activities we put on every year to help schoolchildren learn about using cash, making card payments and encouraging them to use money responsibly. unsgsa stimulates global financial inclusion this is just some of the work that queen maxima is involved in. she has also acted as the un secretary - general ’ s special advocate for inclusive finance for development for over a decade. she focusses on two target groups in particular : entrepreneurs in need of microfinancing, and women who still do not have a payment account or good financial literacy. this is one area where fintech can play a powerful role. good cooperation is the key to success for financial inclusion i think i've already said this a couple of times, but it's so important i'll tell you a third time! the key to success for financial inclusion is good cooperation between all stakeholders. across the public and private sector. a sophisticated vision and strategy can help create support and unite stakeholders. we have learned that the most successful initiatives are closely in tune with the country's culture. initiatives need to offer public and private stakeholders the chance