##w ). edw is a strategic and transformative initiative that gives cbk an opportunity to become a data driven central bank through automation of data collection, storage and analysis. in particular, it will provide a centralized depository of data, shortening the time it takes to prepare and generate business reports while ensuring their accuracy. turning back to the finaccess survey 2021, it has continued to be a reliable workhorse in our data stable. this being the sixth survey since the 2006 baseline, it remained faithful to the original principles of enhancing financial inclusion measurement ; providing better understanding of the financial inclusion landscape over time ; and informing other actors in the financial inclusion space. it was unique in a number of ways. firstly, it was undertaken as the covid - 19 pandemic evolved and mutated. secondly, it drilled down to the 47 administrative units ( counties ) that constitute kenya. lastly, it covered all dimensions of financial inclusion ( access, usage, quality and impact ) including sustainable / green finance and financial health. the survey ’ s topline findings were : 1 / 2 bis central bankers'speeches first, the financial inclusion landscape was impacted by covid - 19 with overall financial access increasing to 83. 7 percent of adults in 2021, from 82. 9 percent in 2019, mainly driven by the use of technology. second, the adult population that reported to be completely excluded from accessing any form of financial services or products increased to 11. 6 percent in 2021, from 11. 0 percent in 2019. this in part reflected the impact of covid - 19 restrictions that made it difficult for youths turning 18 years to take national identity cards, a prerequisite for accessing formal financial services. third, the usage and quality of financial services and products continue to deepen on account of among other factors, increased adoption of technology and innovations. technology is playing a critical role in closing the financial inclusion gap among the genders and across the country. as i draw to a close, let me leave you with three key takeaways from the survey to reflect on and deliberate on. first, surveys such as this are a critical cog in translating the vision of being a data driven organization into reality. this is indeed true for countries at different levels of financial inclusion. this is as true for kenya that has been on the financial inclusion journey for long, as it is for a country contemplating its first financial inclusion survey. for the pioneers, it is about moving beyond access to financial services

central bank of kenya impact investment forum : african rural and agricultural credit association ( afraca ) 4oth anniversary kenya school of monetary studies, nairobi keynote address by dr. patrick njoroge governor of the central bank of kenya november 21, 2017 as prepared for delivery ladies and gentlemen, good morning! forty years is a milestone. some argue that it is when middle age begins – you look back fondly at the things of your youth, but also look forward to using your experience and wisdom to achieve long - held goals. i am thus glad that you welcomed me to your birthday celebrations, and allowed me to share in such a significant moment. in 1977 the african rural and agricultural credit association ( afraca ) was created in response to a request made to the united nations food and agriculture organisation ( fao ), during the 1975 world food conference. this request, was that fao assist developing member countries establish regional agricultural credit associations ( racas ). the purpose of this racas was to promote cooperation and facilitate mutual exchange of information and expertise in the field of rural finance. some background research into afraca unearths a number of gems that indicate that you have been at the forefront in driving the rural and agricultural finance agenda in africa. you have had, and continue to have, a strong desire to turn regional diversity into a powerful driving force and catalyst for exchange, capacity building and cooperation to promote rural finance. i am deeply honoured to be part of this campaign to revolutionize finance for african agriculture. and we have something in common, for we at the central bank of kenya, share a similar vision, “ of a rural africa where everyone has access to sustainable financial services that support economic development, while maintaining social and environmental balance ”. that said, the task is enormous — nearly two - thirds of africa ’ s population depend on agriculture for their livelihood and the sector contributes over 40 percent of the continent ’ s gdp. i am very pleased today to be part of this first impact investment forum commemorating afraca ’ s 40th anniversary. the theme of the conference “ unlocking private sector capital to scale up impact investments in african agriculture ” promises to be a story of shifting the reality of agricultural finance as we know it today. africa has in the past relied largely on official development assistance and domestic public funding to address socio - economic challenges, many of which have few market - based solutions. we all know that these traditional funding flows have been on the decline over the last decade ; and