we need to undertake coordinated structural reforms at regional level? are we encountering a weakening in coordinating the policies, information sharing, the establishment of institutions, the current legal infrastructure, or lobbing in european structures? how much possible is the synchronisation of the efforts for more effective and efficient convergence and the integration process? which are the main economic and political fields where we may find larger space for the achievement of common regional polices? how has the last global financial and economical crisis impacted the albanian economy, the regional economy and more priority the convergence process? can we afford it? all these are very important issues on which i think we should stop and study in deep. they are subject of research work, whose findings shall light the orientation of economic and structural reforms. given that, the bank of albania has joint the forces with the university of oxford to carry out a scientific research dedicated to the finding of the answers for the above questions and other similar. answers to these fundamental issues benefit not only albania and its regional partners, but also the eu and its political and economical structures. i am confident that the european commission may exploit the outcomes of these scientific researches to build up new anchors, as economic and political incentives in order to increase the efficiency of all regional sources. these studies shall help us to better see that : what and how should be done to return eu, its pre - adhering economic programs and fiscal economic programs into stronger external anchors for the national and regional policies. however, it is important to realise that international restrictions can not support the long - term sustainable prosperity in absence of internal anchors. obligations that may be imposed from brussels or from other international organisations are indispensable as long the internal anchors are fragile. therefore, it is necessary the society itself and international institutions support the establishment and strengthening of internal anchors. which would be an efficient internal anchor? i think that the best internal anchor is a technician who thinks independently, proud of what he does, conscious for the results and the consequences of the proper actions. in other words, this implies the establishment of professional capacities as one of the cornerstones of long - term successful polices. the scientific education and research in this direction have an important and inalienable role. all the issues mentioned so far, as : the new strategic model of economic growth ; the effective, efficient and consistent monetary policies with the economic growth ; the necessity for coordinated structural reforms in the region ; the challenges to european integration ; the common political economy of the region

to the money lender, the mainstream financial institutions are still shy of lending to them. in the ultimate analysis, financial inclusion is a driver of economic growth and poverty alleviation. 15. inclusive financial sector development makes two complementary contributions to poverty alleviation : financial sector development is a driver of economic growth which indirectly reduces poverty and inequality ; and appropriate, affordable, financial services for poor people. critical to our efforts at securing sustained economic growth are the expansion of last mile access to finance. thus financial inclusion is no longer a policy choice but is a policy compulsion. in a bank based model, customers have a direct contractual relationship with a bank or similar prudentially regulated and supervised financial institution – a basic bank account, a savings account, a savings cum overdraft account, a transaction account, a loan, or some combination – even though the customer may deal exclusively with the staff of one or more retail agents hired to conduct transactions on the bank ’ s behalf. in the non - bank based model the contractual relationship is with a non - bank service provider such as a mobile network operator or an issuer of stored - value payment instruments. customers exchange cash at a retail agent in return for an electronic record of value. this virtual account is stored on the service provider ’ s server. nevertheless, although there is no contractual relationship directly between a bank and a customer, a bank is always involved, for example as a potentially safe and liquid place for the nonbank provider to hold the float. our model in india as of now is a bank led model and in this way we are able to address consumer protection issues which are of paramount concern given the nature of the vulnerable clientele we are dealing with. here, financial capability building through financial literacy and education also assume great importance. we have mandated the setting up of financial literacy and credit counselling centres which are expected to go a long way in ameliorating the lot of the customer although it should be understood that first we have to provide financial access. 16. finally, let me stress that currently we are marketing the paradigm of financial inclusion through the bank - led model. it is thus for the banks to rise up to the challenge and meet it in full measure. what we mean by no access to finance for the excluded is that no access from the formal financial system ; so a word of necessary caution for banks ; the paradigm of financial inclusion is ultimately one of the continued relevance for the banking sector as other actors are waiting anxiously in