in place the necessary coordinating platforms to manage disaster risks holistically across the entire value chain of disaster risk assessment, disaster risk financing and disaster risk response. first, disaster risk assessment. in 2013, the asean cross sectoral coordinating committee on disaster risk financing and insurance ( acscc ) was established to strengthen regional coordination of disaster risk management. acscc brings together 3 key stakeholder groups : finance ministers and central banks represented by the asean finance and central bank deputies meeting ( afcdm ) ; insurance regulators represented by the asean insurance regulators meeting ( airm ), and the national disaster management organisations which are represented by the asean committee of disaster management 2 ( acdm ). under acscc, the asean disaster risk financing and insurance ( or adrfi ) programme was established as the central platform to coordinate asean - wide efforts in developing and implementing disaster risk financing strategies over 3 phases. phase 1 was completed in 2017, which developed a historical loss database of 5 asean countries for earthquake and typhoon events3, initial country studies for phillippines and thailand to review their national policy and legislative frameworks, and two workshops on disaster risk financing. second, disaster risk financing. the asean + 3 countries have recently come together to establish the southeast asia disaster risk insurance facility, known as seadrif, in 2 / 4 bis central bankers'speeches partnership with the world bank. as the first regional catastrophe risk facility to be established in asia, seadrif will provide participating asean countries with climate and disaster risk solutions. to be incorporated and licensed as a general insurer in singapore in september 2019, seadrif will start with a flood risk pool to provide rapid response financing to myanmar, laos and potentially cambodia. third, disaster risk response. since 2005, the asean agreement on disaster management and emergency response ( aadmer ) has served as a common platform to jointly respond to disaster events in asean. as part of the aadmer work programme, the asean coordinating centre for humanitarian assistance on disaster management was set up in 2011 to be the home of “ one asean one response ”. it has since played a key role in monitoring disasters, raising regional standards in disaster preparedness, and coordinating asean ’ s collective response to disasters. asean disaster risk financing and insurance programme today, i am pleased to announce the official launch of phase 2 of the asean disaster risk financing and insurance programme. adrfi phase 2 will be impact - focused, 11. and targeted at strengthening asean ’ s capabilities in ex

balance sheet is integral to the operations undertaken in the areas i oversee, markets and banking, payments and financial resilience. and it is central to the bank ’ s mission for monetary and financial stability : the balance sheet is the hard infrastructure that supports much of the bank ’ s policy activity. for most of the time it may not be as newsworthy as some of the tools it supports, like bank rate, qe or “ lender of last resort ”. but it is foundational : were it not to be of sufficient size or usability, that would quickly make headlines at times of financial stress. gender diversity in central banking was discussed at the excellent recent conference that the bank, together with the federal reserve and the european central bank, hosted on gender and career progression : https : / / www. bankofengland. co. uk / events / 2018 / may / gender - and - career - progression, while the treasury ’ s women in finance charter encourages gender diversity in the financial industry more generally : https : / / www. gov. uk / government / publications / women - in - financecharter. of course, gender is just one important element in the broader drive to improve diversity in the economics profession. for more information on the sm & cr, see allen, t. ( 2018 ), “ strengthening the link between seniority and accountability : the senior managers and certification regime ”, bank of england quarterly bulletin, 2018q2, available at https : / / www. bankofengland. co. uk / / media / boe / files / quarterly - bulletin / 2018 / senior - managers - certification - regime. these include : responsibility for management of the bank ’ s capital and the bank ’ s funding and liquidity operations ; responsibility for the bank ’ s treasury management functions ; responsibility for the bank ’ s proprietary trading activities ; responsibility for the protection of clients ’ assets. all speeches are available online at www. bankofengland. co. uk / speeches in my remarks today i want to account for how we ’ ve got to where we are and what the balance sheet of today is used for. i ’ ll then give some pointers on where it might go, drawing on a discussion paper we published in august 2018. and i ’ ll conclude with some remarks on the current policy environment, which the balance sheet is supporting. th the 11 anniversary of the start of the global financial crisis but i couldn ’ t give a speech in september