agricultural lending. 8. allow me to conclude my remarks by highlighting the need for banks and non - bank financial institutions to consider their customers and potential customers when determining the pricing of their products and services. the public continues to decry the high level of charges and interest rates for banking services and products. 9. the boz has previously and will continue to appeal to the financial sector to review their charges and to explore ways of enhancing efficiency in service delivery. 10. the majority of zambians cannot afford the current banking charges and are effectively shut out of the financial system. more affordable banking services will draw in a larger number of zambians to the financial system, which will in turn be beneficial to the development of the banking system and the economy at large. 11. according to a market knowledge study called the ‘ finscope demand – side survey ’ which was conducted in 2005 to review the inclusiveness of the zambian financial system, two thirds ( or 66. 3 % ) of the zambian adult population do not have access to financial services and only one third ( or 33. 7 % ) use banks, other formal and informal financial services and products ( such as those offered by microfinance and savings clubs ). furthermore, only 15 % of the adult population access commercial bank services. a huge market therefore exists to tap if transaction costs are reduced. 12. finally, honourable guest of honour, let me congratulate natsave for its participation in addressing the issue of increased access to financial services for the people of lukulu despite the challenges of physical access and resultant higher transaction costs. i thank you.

aspects of its implementation. against this background, the bank of albania has been committed to a process of constant evaluation of the interbank market performance and at the same time fine - tune its monetary policy regime. the monetary policy document for the 2009 – 2011 period was a major step in this regard. in this document, the role of monetary aggregates as indicators of inflationary pressures in economy and as intermediate targets of monetary policy was complemented with a wide range of information provided by the real sector of the economy, which is systemized and finalized in the inflation forecast performance. this change was entirely based on the albanian experience. the development of money markets and progress in financial innovation, the rapid growth of lending and dollarization of the economy, and the increasing role of real estate in the investment opportunities caused the functioning of the albanian economy to become even more complex. they were supplemented with unstable velocity of money circulation hence toning down the short and medium - term link between monetary aggregates and inflation. this change materializes the modernization of monetary policy decision - making based on a more complete information analysis that aims at managing the market operators ’ expectations. one of the directions the bank of albania ’ s work has been focusing on during the past year, as we have transparently stated in our monetary policy document, was the assessment of the suitability of operational targets and the adoption of more advanced forms. the quantitative targeting of the bank of albania ’ s balance sheet, in the form of a ceiling on the net domestic assets and a floor on the net international reserves, has for quite a long time acted as a guide to our interventions in the interbank market. in spite of that, the abovementioned developments suggest that there is plenty of room for improvement in this philosophy and practice. targeting the interbank market interest rates seems a practical option that finds ample theoretical support and whose application has proved successful in a number of advanced economies. broadly speaking, this operational philosophy is guided by the need to steer the short - term interest rates in the interbank market close to the key interest rate set by the monetary authority. as such, it serves better to keeping the short - term horizon of the interest rates ’ curve under check, making the conduct of monetary policy more transparent and providing clearer signals for the economic activity. steering our operations to the stability of interbank market interest rates will serve to a more relaxed functioning of the interbank market and lowering of risk premiums. in addition, this operational target is well - framed in