samchain/econo-pairs-v2 huggingface dataset:
have to look for the opportunities to use these regional forums as a way of refining, concentrating and amplifying our voice, so that the distilled wisdom of this interaction is heard more effectively in the multilateral forums. to provide a specific example : there can hardly be any doubt that the imf indonesian program would have been quite different if it had had an effective input from the region - the longterm desirability ( but low priority ) of doing something about the clove monopoly would have been kept in better perspective against the pressingly urgent short - term crisis of massive capital outflow. in macro policy, the overly tight budgets of the imf ’ s initial prescription might have been avoided. a strong regional representation could catalyse a better articulation of other aspects of our interests at the multilateral level. there is a danger that, at the multilateral level, the united states will promote the cause of those areas of principal interest to it ( principally latin america ) and europe will promote the interests of its eastern european neighbours ( including russia ), but that the interests of the countries of asia may be without a big country champion and advocate at the multilateral debate. we see this danger in the contingent credit line program being devised at the imf, where countries which receive a prior “ seal of approval ” will be able to draw on fund support more or less automatically in time of need. there is a real danger that countries which get this seal of approval are likely to be the countries of principal interest to the largest members of the imf who dominate the board. we may be able to redress this balance if our regional voice is well coordinated. a further factor in favour of regional arrangements is that, when it comes to collecting funds, a regional group can mobilise the strong forces of self - interest and immediate concern that are felt within a small, geographically contiguous group. the thai support package - where the regional contribution was almost three times the size of the imf ’ s contribution - illustrates that regional arrangements can be effective when multilateral agencies are slow across the ground or hindered by imperfect assessments of the situation. the form of the arrangements what form should these regional arrangements take? the point that should be made here is that a fair amount of overlap is inevitable, and no bad thing. certainly, representational resources are a constraint, but within this broad constraint, we should not be too fretted that a particular subject is discussed in more than one place

, lower unemployment and gradual gains in general prosperity - overall, a rather favourable picture for the australian community.
john c williams : opening remarks – “ racism and the economy : focus on health ” remarks ( via prerecorded video ) by mr john c williams, president and chief executive officer of the federal reserve bank of new york, at “ racism and the economy : focus on health ”, 9 september 2021. * * * as prepared for delivery good afternoon, and welcome everyone. i ’ m john williams, president and ceo of the federal reserve bank of new york. i ’ m here to kick off what is now the eighth installment of a landmark series on the topic of racism and the economy sponsored by the 12 federal reserve banks. these events examine structural racism ’ s toll on the economy and identify potential actions that can improve economic outcomes for all segments of society. there is no facet of our society immune to racism, health included. so, this afternoon, we will be looking at key issues around race and the economy through the lens of health — a focus never more urgent and critical. before we move on with the program, i ’ d like to share more broadly why this is so important for the federal reserve, what we ’ re learning, and what we ’ re doing. and with that, i must give the standard fed disclaimer that the views i express are my own and do not necessarily reflect those of the federal open market committee or anyone else in the federal reserve system. having poor health is a challenge on many levels. we ’ re keenly aware that health can be a huge driver of economic inequality. people who lack good health or healthcare often struggle to participate fully in the economy. on top of that, social determinants of health — economic stability, housing, and education — can be barriers to employment and affect the kinds of jobs people get. of course, we at the federal reserve are neither healthcare workers nor healthcare policymakers. but a major part of our core mission is to foster a strong economy and promote maximum employment. and to put it simply, we need healthy people to have a healthy economy and workforce. that ’ s why understanding the nexus of race, health, and the economy is central to achieving our goals. we are deeply committed to doing so, both in this series and beyond. the pandemic demonstrated just how acute many of the connections are between physical and economic health for individuals and communities. and it exposed just how dramatic racial disparities can be, especially in accessing healthcare and other critical resources. the convergence of a health crisis

growth, we will need to continue to remove monetary stimulus before the excess supply in the economy is completely absorbed. the pace and extent of this action will depend on the balance of domestic and external developments and on their implications for pressures on capacity and inflation in canada. now malcolm and i will be happy to take your questions.
fehmi mehmeti : revocation of the license of the insurer " kosova e re " does not endanger the stability of the insurance sector in kosovo speech by mr fehmi mehmeti, governor of the central bank of the republic of kosovo, at a press conference, pristina, 24 september 2021. * * * dear media representatives, dear citizens, based on the competencies and responsibilities of the central bank of the republic of kosovo, deriving from article 36 and article 67 of the law on the cbk, as well as in accordance with article 16, article 99, article 100 and article 124 of the law on insurance, in meeting held on september 24, 2021, the executive board of the cbk has decided that to the insurer “ kosova e re ", to revoke license no. 007 of 25 april 2002, issued by the banking and payments authority of kosovo ( bpk ), the legal predecessor of the cbk. the insurer “ kosova e re ", over the years has had financial difficulties in meeting the legal requirements of the cbk, in terms of capital adequacy, solvency and assets covering technical provisions. in order to improve the financial situation and meet the legal and regulatory requirements, the central bank of the republic of kosovo, respectively the executive board of the cbk in accordance with applicable law, has continuously made efforts to improve the financial situation of the insurer “ kosova e re ". however, despite the readiness and efforts of the cbk, the board and management of the insurer has failed to meet the legal requirements and improve the financial situation of the insurer. at the same time, the shareholder of insurer “ kosova e re ” did not respond to the cbk ’ s requests for capital increase and achieve compliance with applicable legal requirements. the lack of willingness of the shareholder to meet the capital requirements has seriously jeopardized the capacity of the insurer to meet its obligations to policyholders and other creditors. therefore, in order to protect policyholders and to prevent the growing negative impact on the insurance market and the financial system in general, the cbk based on the duties and responsibilities arising from the law on the cbk and the law on insurance, has taken the decision to revoke the insurer ’ s license. the cbk has opened compulsory liquidation procedures, according to chapter 18 of law no. 05 / l - 045 on

. for central banks and supervisors, this means taking climate and nature into account in the pursuit of their monetary policy and supervisory objectives. if they failed to do so, they would be failing on their mandate. the work that we are doing individually and collectively proves that we will not allow this to happen. thank you for your attention. 1 emambakhsh, t. et al. ( 2023 ), " the road to paris : stress testing the transition towards a net - zero economy ", occasional paper series, no 328, ecb. 2 basel committee on banking supervision ( 2021 ), climate - related risk drivers and their transmission channels, april. 3 boldrini, s. et al. ( 2023 ), " living in a world of disappearing nature : physical risk and the implications for financial stability ", occasional paper series, no 333, ecb. 4 / 4 bis - central bankers'speeches
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ardian fullani : health passes through.. bank interview given by mr ardian fullani, governor of the bank of albania, to klan magazine, published on 23 june 2007. * * * - mr. fullani, initially we would like to listen to your comment about the efforts of the government to channel financial business transactions through banks. is this effort somewhat strained, given that the other party ( the business ) expresses itself that high transaction commissions of commercial banks increase business costs and the banks themselves are not ready to carry out the transactions? the channelling of financial transactions through the banking system, as a process already tested and under development, is a much expected action, which outside the propaganda contours will really contribute to weakening of the infrastructure that nourishes the informality. in recent years, the banking system has passed through an irresistible process of development and consolidation. actually it may be stated without hesitation that the banking system in albania is completely capable of encountering with dignity this requirement of the time. dealing briefly with two or three important moments, i would start with the operation of two modern payment systems : albanian interbank payment system ( aips ) where gross and real time settlements are made, and the automated electronic clearing house ( aech ) ( smallvalue payments of clearing systems ). further on, i would highlight the significant growth of epayments, the entry into the system of two well - known international banks, the increased number of branches, as well as increase of atms and pos terminals for card payments in the whole territory. encountering successfully the channelling of public sector salaries through bank accounts, followed also by those of the private sector and by a number of other banking services, i think are indicators of the proactive, ever increasing role of the banking system. to clearly understand what progress we have made so far in this direction, it ‘ s worth mentioning some statistics. the number of payments processed in aips system has increased by 11 percent, while the value has increased by 21 percent compared to 2005. in the meantime, both systems, the aips and the aech have a much higher capacity than the current number of payments processed in them. at end of 2006, compared to end of 2004, the number of p0s terminals was 7 times higher, while the number of electronic cards in use has increased more than 10 times and the transactions carried out through them was above 12 millions, with a value of about all 188 billion. during 2006
towards a fiscal capacity will most likely be a long one. history shows that budgets have rarely been created for the general purpose of stabilisation, but rather to deliver specific goals in the public interest. in the us, it was the need to overcome the great depression that led to the expansion of the federal budget in the 1930s. perhaps, for europe, it will require an urgent cause such as mitigating climate change to bring about such collective focus. whichever path is taken, it is plain to see that now is the time for more europe, not less. i mean this not in an axiomatic way, but in the truest traditions of federalism. where results can best be delivered by national policies, let it stay that way. but where we can only deliver on the legitimate concerns of the public by working together, we need europe to be stronger. for us europeans, in a globalised world, a true sovereignty that meets people ’ s needs for security and prosperity can be achieved only by working together. 6 as chancellor merkel has said, “ we europeans have to take our destiny into our own hands if we want to survive as a community ”. 7 working together allows us to protect our interests in the world economy, to resist the pressures of foreign powers, to influence global rules to reflect our standards, and to enforce our values on global corporations. none of these can be achieved to the same degree by countries acting alone. in a globalised world, sharing sovereignty is a way to regain sovereignty. but recognising that we need to exercise what president macron has termed “ european sovereignty ” 8 to be effective does not mean that we already have the political infrastructures to do so today. awareness of their necessity is growing quickly, however. we saw this emerging in the most recent european parliament election, which was perhaps the first such election fought mainly on european questions. even those who were seeking to slow down european integration did so by contesting the eu institutions rather than rejecting their legitimacy outright. this is only a start, but it suggests our union is moving in the right direction. i am confident that it will continue to do so, because it is ultimately the self - interest of individual countries that lays out our future path towards a european sovereign. the actions of many committed europeans, at both the national and eu levels, have helped us to reach this point. there are three groups whose contributions i would like to single out. the first is the staff of the ec

##ality associated with the functioning of global finance. i thank you for your attention.
to take some questions. based on the corelogic home price index including distressed sales. bis central bankers ’ speeches

prolonged period of tightness. as a result, we are now experiencing a fairly typical cyclical recovery of consumer spending on durable goods. for example, sales of light - weight motor vehicles have increased steadily over the past four years, reaching an annual rate of 15. 7 million in the third quarter of 2013, though sales in september and october have been somewhat below that average. similarly, after five years in which housing production was well below what is consistent with underlying demographic trends and the replacement demand for houses, it now appears that we have worked off the excess supply of housing built up during the boom years of the last decade. housing market activity has begun to recover, and a widely followed national home price index is up 12 percent over the 12 months ending in september. 1 anecdotal reports suggest that this higher - than - expected increase in home prices is due to a relatively low number of homes for sale. due to this shortness of supply, there is reason to expect increases in starts going forward. yet another bright spot on the horizon is the fact that growth prospects among our major trading partners have improved following a few years of lackluster performance which induced a sharp slowing of growth of u. s. exports. in particular, the euro area appears to have emerged from a protracted recession and is experiencing modest but positive growth. to summarize, while growth in 2013 has been disappointing, i believe a good case can be made that the pace of growth will pick up some in 2014 and then somewhat more in 2015. the private sector of the economy should continue to heal, while the amount of fiscal drag should subside. despite near - term concerns, growth prospects among our major trading partners will improve further next year. this combination of events is likely to create an environment in which business investment spending will strengthen. as growth picks up, i expect to see more substantial improvement in labor market conditions and a gradual updrift in inflation back towards the fomc ’ s target rate. however, the notion that the economy will grow more swiftly remains a forecast rather than a reality at this point. as is always the case, there is substantial uncertainty surrounding this forecast. moreover, there is always the possibility of some unforeseen shock. thus, we will continue to monitor u. s. and global economic conditions very carefully and will adjust our views on the likely path for growth, inflation and the unemployment rate accordingly. thank you for your kind attention and i will now be happy
benoit cœure : interview in le progres de lyon and ebra newspaper group interview with mr benoit cœure, member of the executive board of the european central bank, conducted by mr frank viart of le progres de lyon and published by ebra newspaper group ( l ’ alsace, les dernieres nouvelles d ’ alsace, le republicain lorrain, l'est republicain, vosges matin, le bien public, le journal de saone - et - loire, le progres de lyon, le dauphine libere and vaucluse matin ) on 11 november 2016. * * * seen from frankfurt, what is your reaction to the election of donald trump? it is certainly a major event. it is not for the ecb to assess the political consequences. but it holds a lesson for europe : in a world where shocks are increasing, europe must keep control of its destiny. for europe to be strong in terms of defence and security, it must have a strong economy. and for the economy to be strong, reforms are needed in every country and the euro area must function better. could the ecb ’ s monetary policy decision in december be influenced by this election result? it is too early to say. in the short term we are closely monitoring the reaction of the financial markets. excessive volatility must be avoided. looking ahead, we will assess the consequences of mr trump ’ s election for the global economy and for the euro area. the recovery in the euro area is strengthening. this was visible following the uk referendum. in france, interest rates are historically low. can this persist in the long term? the ecb ’ s monetary policy will remain very accommodative until inflation is firmly on a path towards 2 %. what other reasons are there, beyond the ecb ’ s decisions, for interest rates being so low? it is because growth is still weak. it is because our economies are less able than in the past to create growth. the ecb must take account of this environment and, to provide effective support to the recovery, we must set our key interest rates at very low or even negative levels. if the european economy regains the ability to sustainably create growth, interest rates will return to levels more favourable to savings. how do you account for the fact that economic growth has remained low in france in 2016? the pace of economic growth is accelerating throughout the euro area and

the unemployment rate is falling, including in france, but at a slightly slower pace. the ecb ’ s monetary policy has made a strong contribution and the reforms implemented in each country have played a role. the countries that were severely affected by the financial crisis have had to undertake reforms. the reforms that they have implemented, particularly in the labour market, have been hard but are now bearing fruit. in spain, for example, growth is set to be above 3 % in 2016 and the unemployment rate is falling rapidly. france, which weathered the crisis better, faced less pressure to undertake reforms. today growth in france is weaker and unemployment is higher. this illustrates the importance of further reforms. 1 / 1 bis central bankers'speeches
of financial products, as well as the structure of bank liabilities. while the bulk of the impact may be behind us, there are still a number of changes in the pipeline, particularly around deposits. bis central bankers ’ speeches

reassess regularly such equivalences - the second lever is the use of forum for information sharing and cooperation among supervisors. significant progress has been made in that direction that should bear fruit. in europe, the introduction of resolution and aml colleges for banks and of oversight colleges for ccps have been helpful to increase the involvement of home and host countries in the supervision of cross - border groups or entities. however, we should also recognize that convergence of regulation and cooperation between supervisors may also have their limits in some circumstances. this is certainly the case when considering the regulation and supervision of central clearing activities, given their systemicity and their natural trend to concentrate and eliminate substitutes. in such market we indeed observe the emergence of monopolistic situations and systemic risk is associated to the possibility of the default of such market infrastructures. we should therefore make sure that we – all collectively - are shielded from a too strong market concentration in terms of clearing, which create risks that can ’ t be addressed by cooperation among their supervisors and overseers. conflicting interests may indeed arise between ( i ) the authorities in charge of the oversight of the ccp, and its financial resilience, and ( ii ) the authorities in charge of the financial stability of the offshore markets served, especially in times of crisis, as we have seen in europe during the sovereign debt crisis. to prevent such situation levers to be used include in my view a location policy of clearing activities and direct oversight by authorities in charge with the financial stability of the markets served. 3 / 3 bis central bankers'speeches