samchain/econo-pairs-v2 huggingface dataset:
introduce innovations in the financial markets to support and sustain its transformation as the theme of this conference ambitiously shows. ladies and gentlemen : it is now my honor and privilege to declare this conference officially open and to wish you fruitful deliberations. thank you bis central bankers ’ speeches

) which underpins monetary co - operation between central banks, forms an important part of the economic objectives of nepad. in the main, this involves a single monetary union, encompassing a common currency and a common central bank by the year 2021. at the continental level, the association of african central banks subscribes to the amcp while the committee of central bank governors in sadc ( ccbg ) spearheads the various continental initiatives in the southern african region. the south african reserve bank ( sarb ) plays an active role in both these fora. the ccbg was established in 1995 with the specific purpose of achieving closer financial / monetary co - operation and integration in the sadc area. there are a variety of initiatives that the central banks have been, or are currently involved in, which promote monetary integration within sadc. these have inter alia spanned the areas of national payment systems, bank supervision, human resource development and legal issues. in some instances the co - operation has been formalised through the signing of memoranda of understanding ( mou ). there is little doubt that all the central banks in the region have benefited from co - operating with one another. we have found that co - operation is not only advisable, but a necessity for efficiency in central bank operations in southern africa. 6. conclusion in conclusion, i would once again like to reiterate my sincere appreciation for this invitation to address you today. i wish the governors ’ club every success in its endeavours and would like to assure you of our co - operation and support. i believe that sharing experiences can provide invaluable lessons going forward. thank you very much.
indexation behavior, persisted in the third quarter. in the third quarter, services inflation was mostly shaped by opening of schools. education services increased at a high rate due to university tuition fees. school bus fares and student residence fees raised prices of transport services and accommodation services, respectively. as the back - to - school period ended, the relative price adjustment in these groups was mostly completed. we evaluate that it is more reliable to assess the dynamics of services prices in rent and non - rent terms. 4 / 10 bis - central bankers'speeches having also a structural dimension, rents need to be handled separately due to factors such as earthquakes, urban renewal ( demolishing - rebuilding ) and limitations on rent increases. in fact, the high price increase in rents continued in the previous quarter as the contract renewal rate increased. as you can follow from the right panel, the rent increase rates obtained from both the retail payment system data and housing valuation reports remain below the cpi annual rent inflation and are receding. the decline in the reference rates in contract renewals suggests that monthly rent inflation will lose pace in the last quarter. we recommend you to read the box on this subject. the inertia in rent inflation is higher than we projected, yet we see that the deceleration in services excluding rent is more pronounced. in the industrial sector, pricing behavior of firms exhibit a clear improvement. the analysis of domestic sales price expectations in the manufacturing industry reveals that among firms expecting an increase in either domestic demand or unit costs, the ratio of those planning to increase prices has been declining steadily. the ratio of those planning to increase prices among firms not - expecting an increase in unit costs is also decreasing. in fact, the average monthly producer inflation hovers around 1. 4 percent in the last three - month period. therefore, producer - driven pressures on consumer inflation are weakening. this course in producer inflation affects goods prices in cpi favorably. you can see on the left panel that price increases lost pace considerably. despite a relative increase due to the depreciation in the turkish lira in august, core goods inflation remains low overall. the annualized underlying inflation in the last three - month period hovers around 20 percent in core goods. the moderate outlook is maintained particularly in prices of durable goods. the diffusion of price increases is as crucial as their size for the course of price - setting behavior. demand conditions affect not only the size but also the diffusion of price increases. in fact, there is a significant positive

monetary policy committee, the chief advisors and the staff of the research and monetary policy department. we can now move onto the question and answer session. our deputy governors will also be happy to answer your questions. 10 / 10 bis - central bankers'speeches
day, saving for retirement is a necessity. but this is just the beginning. we look forward to continuing our partnership with you to achieve a more convenient and affordable retirement savings for every filipino. 3 / 4 bis central bankers'speeches once again, i welcome you all to this event, and i hope you enjoy today ’ s program. thank you and stay safe. 4 / 4 bis central bankers'speeches

amando m tetangco, jr : trust reforms – positioning the business for growth speech by mr amando m tetangco, jr, governor of the central bank of the philippines ( bangko sentral ng pilipinas ), at the first general membership meeting of the trust officers association of the philippines ( toap ) for the year 2007, manila, 30 march 2007. * * * distinguished directors and members of the trust officers association of the philippines ; fellow bankers, special guests, friends. good evening. the invitation of toap president ma. lourdes de vera declared that you are adopting the hawaiian theme tonight. i was also advised that if i chose to come in my usual business attire, i will be given a lei. naturally, i became curious. i remembered this wise woman who said : when a man brings his wife flowers for no reason, … there ’ s a reason. tonight, you chose to bring the full bloom of flowers to this ballroom. clearly, this is a celebration! well …, if the practitioners in our trust and fund management industry are celebrating, then we at the bangko sentral are here to congratulate you. toap has been … and continues to be … a dependable partner of the bangko sentral in promoting the development of our financial system … and in upgrading the quality and variety of financial services to the public. this is the reason why i readily accepted your invitation for me to join you in your first general membership meeting this year. in particular, i appreciate the fact that our trust practitioners specifically requested that i discuss banking reforms as they relate to the trust industry. but first, i shall give you an overview, so that you can appreciate the context of our reform agenda. economic prospects and financial stability we are all witnessing a markedly more positive sentiment on our economy as manifested in higher investment flows from abroad into both direct equity and portfolio securities. not surprisingly, domestic investor activity has likewise perked up. these developments have re - energized our domestic financial markets. to a major extent, the phenomenon is being driven by global liquidity conditions, relatively benign global capital markets and generally stable world economic conditions. these factors have made international investors more willing to look at a broader array of investment opportunities, outside of the traditional favorites. but it is also true that smart money does not get into markets if the fundamentals are not right. so, what are the positive things that investors are seeing in the philippines today? well,
nber working paper 29639 ( national bureau of economic research, january 2022 ). 3 / 3 bis - central bankers'speeches

was due to a supply - induced shortage resulting from colleges unable to offer remote learning options for many technical and vocational programs. the reduction in these " hands - on " programs, such as air - conditioning repair and auto detailing, had a greater impact on male enrollment and may lead to labor supply shortages for some of these skills - based professions. 5 education is the greatest and most effective input into the future of our labor market. in order to have the strongest possible labor force in the future, it is critical to understand and act immediately to address the educational losses experienced during the pandemic. i'm sure there's much to learn about how these education challenges, both longstanding and more recent, will ultimately affect the job market. that's a question of particular interest to policymakers, and it's one of the most important reasons that we host events like this seminar. i look forward to hearing from the experts we have invited here today to discuss ideas to successfully and quickly address academic declines, expand k - 12 education options, improve higher education outcomes, and prepare this generation to participate and thrive in the future labor force. i hope that the research presented today is useful to you in your work. community development professionals in our audience may consider how the design and implementation of their services can be enhanced. and researchers may encounter 2 / 3 bis - central bankers'speeches ideas that spark new work that can shed further light on these important topics. thank you so much for joining us. 1 bureau of labor statistics job openings and labor turnover survey. accessed via fred. 2 national center for education statistics, " more than 80 percent of u. s. public schools report pandemic has negatively impacted student behavior and socio - emotional development, " press release, july 6, 2022. 3 michael s. kofoed, lucas gebhart, dallas gilmore, and ryan moschitto, " zooming to class? : experimental evidence on college students'online learning during covid - 19, " discussion paper series no. 14356 ( bonn, germany : iza institute of labor economics, may 2021 ). 4 persistence and retention, fall 2020 beginning postsecondary student cohort ( pdf ), persistence and retention report series ( national student clearinghouse research center, june 2022 ). 5 diane whitmore schanzenbach and sarah turner, " limited supply and lagging enrollment : production technologies and enrollment changes at community colleges during the pandemic, "
of our nation. i challenge our young college freshmen here to develop their love and enthusiasm for statistics, for with this goes the development of their critical thinking. on this note, the bsp unites with the philippine statistical community and the academe in honoring this year ’ s finalists and in congratulating the winners and their mentors. thank you very much.

amando m tetangco, jr : the vital role of statistics in national development keynote address by mr amando m tetangco, jr, governor of the central bank of the philippines ( bangko sentral ng pilipinas ), at the 15th philippine statistics quiz ( psq ) national finals, central bank of the philippines, manila, 5 december 2006. * * * dr. isidoro p. david, president of the philippine statistical association ; dr. romulo a. virola, secretary - general of the national statistical coordination board ; honorable carmelita n. ericta, administrator of the national statistics office ; our distinguished judges and guests ; regional finalists and their teachers and parents ; fellow workers in the government ; ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon. we, at the bangko sentral ng pilipinas, warmly welcome this opportunity to once again host the philippine statistics quiz national finals. the bsp has always been supportive of these kinds of activities that give due recognition to the vital role of statistics in national development. as the country ’ s central monetary authority and as the supervisor and regulator of the banking system, we formulate policies on the basis of statistical information that we produce, collect and compile, as well as monitor, assess and review. statistics are important not only for the stories they tell but also because they provide the basis for sound, sensible policies going forward. timely, relevant and reliable information provide sound guideposts that enable us to make informed choices and, ultimately, form an educated stand on issues that affect our nation ’ s future. with statistics permeating the different facets of life, the bsp, together with other statistical agencies, is confronted with the challenge of going beyond the production of statistics and moving toward upgrading the level of statistical literacy in the country. it is in this light that we commend the philippine statistics quiz ( psq ) steering committee for its efforts to promote and enhance awareness of the value of statistics in the school environment. this initiative of the psq is laudable as it helps demystify statistics as a science. statistics has long been perceived by many as a complex and even perhaps mysterious field of study. fora, such as this, however, can display how fascinating and practical this subject can be, as students tackle problems that show the interconnection between statistics and the real world. the bsp welcomes every opportunity to help nurture young minds with a view to strengthening the human resource base
borio, p disyatat and p rungcharoenkitkul ( 2018 ), what anchors for the natural rate of interest?, mimeo. 12 los angeles times, “ as population grows, people will live ‘ like rats ', cousteau says ”, 6 june 1992. 13 financial times, “ volcker sets a challenge for the next generation ”, 26 october 2018. 7 / 7 bis central bankers'speeches

jens weidmann : monetary policy in a changing environment keynote speech by dr jens weidmann, president of the deutsche bundesbank and chairman of the board of directors of the bank for international settlements, at the joint bank of francebundesbank research conference " monetary policy challenges ", paris, 21 june 2018. * * * 1 introduction ladies and gentlemen it is a great pleasure to give the keynote speech at this conference on “ monetary policy challenges ”, organised jointly by the banque de france and the deutsche bundesbank. this joint conference has already become a tradition. it is held every two to three years, with france and germany taking it in turns to host the event. let me start by thanking both the programme committee – emmanuel farhi ( harvard ), emanuel moench ( bundesbank ) and benoit mojon ( banque de france ) – for their ingenious selection of papers, and our host, governor villeroy de galhau, for providing this delightful venue, for the warm welcome and for the excellent organisation by the banque de france staff. even more remarkable is that, in choosing the 21st of june, the banque de france has been extremely selfless, as i would understand if many of our french colleagues had preferred to watch france play peru in the football world cup rather than attend this afternoon ’ s panel. but the 21st of june is also a special day for germans and the bundesbank. exactly 70 years ago, the deutsche mark was introduced in what was known as the trizone – the three zones that were occupied after world war ii by france, the united kingdom and the us, and that were to become west germany one year later. we have indeed come a long way since those days, when much of europe was still ravaged by war. the franco - german reconciliation that developed in the following decades and eventually grew into a deep friendship is rightly considered one of the great achievements in european history, and it has been a catalyst for european integration. events like today ’ s bear testimony to this process – as well as to the conviction that, by working together in a spirit of openness, we have a much better chance of mastering the common challenges that confront us. this certainly also holds for monetary policy – both its role and its conduct – after the financial and economic crisis. about 2, 500 years ago, greek philosopher heraclitus of ephesus found two words to describe a fundamental concept of human life and the world
s reaction function with real - time data, bank of finland research discussion papers, 29 / 2017. 3 for further discussion on the state of the phillips curve, slack in the economy and inflation expectations, see e. g : www. bofbulletin. fi / en / 2018 / 1 / reports - of - the - phillips - curve - s - death - are - greatly - exaggerated / 3 / 3 bis central bankers'speeches

real gdp from its peak in 1989 to the trough in 1993 was over 12 %. the pre - crisis level of gdp was reached only in 1996. the unemployment rate peaked at close to 20 %. the crises was an amalgam of an overly leveraged banking sector, due to badly managed financial deregulation, and of overly loose and pro - cyclical fiscal and income policies. these domestic policy failures were amplified by the virtually overnight collapse of the finnish - soviet trade in 1991. 1 our lessons of the booming 1980s and busting early 1990s underline the capacity of a small open economy to adjust to both idiosyncratic and global shocks. they also underline the need for economic renewal. these years saw large swings on interest rates and the external value of the markka. in her search for monetary stability, finland joined the euro as of 1 january 1999, among the first 1 / 3 bis central bankers'speeches eleven countries. over the past two decades, the euro has brought us price stability and a stable currency. its public support is very high. as many as 80 % of the finns support emu and the euro. after joining emu, unfavourable demand and supply shocks have tested our ability to adjust, when the nominal exchange rate has no more been available to smooth out the ramifications to the real economy. as a case in point on how a small open economy can adjust in a monetary union, a social pact was agreed in 2016 to correct the serious loss of cost - competitiveness. after concluding that the rise of finland ’ s labour costs had outpaced that of her peers, an agreement was reached with the social partners to narrow the gap of cost competitiveness to our main competitors. mostly due to the competitiveness pact, relative unit labour costs were reduced by 6½ % in the period of 2014 – 17. supported by strong global demand and the ecb ’ s monetary stimulus, the pact was essential for finland ’ s rebound from zero growth to 2½ % growth in 2017 – 18. ladies and gentlemen, let me turn to the current and future challenges of monetary policy and the topics we will discuss in - depth today in our conference. slide 2. agenda of the bof 2019 monetary policy conference right now, central banks must pay attention on the short term due to the current headwinds. the governing council of the ecb recently responded to the prolonged uncertainty by amplifying the accommodative monetary policy stance.
my speech today by repeating that the present situation, where economic recovery is beginning to be seen, is a good opportunity to overcome the challenges with a clear will and vision. thank you for your attention.

for reform. looking back, the japanese economy has, over the years, overcome various big changes in the economic environment such as the termination of convertibility of us dollar into gold, two oil shocks, and the plaza accord. all these severely impacted the terms of trade of a country with poor natural resources and a high degree of dependence on trade. in each of these adjustment phases, japan experienced drastic restructuring, the exit of weak enterprises, and a change in industrial structure. however, from the efforts and ideas to overcome such ‘ pains, ’ higher value - added products that satisfied the needs of the times that called for energy - saving products, diversification of life styles, and environmental concerns, were created and in turn enriched the japanese economy. japan would not be what it is today if it just avoided pains. and, i would like to stress that all this was achieved by none other than our nation ’ s private sector. since the aftermath of the bursting of asset bubbles still lingers, the structural reform our economy needs may perhaps be more challenging than changes in the economic environment, which we have often experienced in the past. while it goes without saying that we need to quicken the pace of structural reform, it is also true that such reform cannot be accomplished in a short time. the 1990s are often called ‘ the lost decade ’, but i do not think they were. both in the industrial and financial arena, we have already seen reorganization and cooperation on a scale that was unimaginable ten years ago. new business models adapting to globalization are beginning to emerge. cross shareholdings, keiretsu relationships, and long - term employment are being reviewed in response to recent changes in the economic environment. corporate governance is also changing steadily. as a successful outcome of these developments, export - oriented enterprises are able to secure profits even in the severe environment presented by a sharp decline in production in the it industry and increasing productivity in china and other east asian economies. though there are no real observable results in the overall economy, i believe that these individual efforts will in the end bear fruit. fortunately, our country has abundant personal financial assets and foreign claims. this means that unlike countries where weakness in the economy directly leads to external debt repayment problems, japan can ensure the necessary timeframe for reform. this is our country ’ s strongest advantage and may perhaps also be a weakness in that our sense of crisis may be lacking. we know where the problems lie. i would like to conclude