and climate change which, apart from damaging infrastructure and basic utilities and eroding years of development in a few hours, can significantly affect domestic production, exports and our services and tourism sector. nevertheless, a notable upside risk to our growth outlook is the still relatively low international fuel prices which have resulted in windfall gains for fiji through lower import costs and lower total gross trade as share of gdp = 80 % ( average for 2012 – 14 ) bis central bankers ’ speeches inflation. this is particularly pertinent when you consider mineral fuels make up almost 30 percent of our total imports bill. recent developments in the fiji economy ladies and gentlemen, despite the sizeable devastation from the category 5 tropical cyclone ( tc ) winston packing winds in excess of 300 kmph in february and the floods associated with tc zena in april, i am pleased to say that the fiji economy is still poised to grow this year, by 2. 4 percent, our seventh straight year of growth ( something which we have not enjoyed since the early 1970 ’ s ). this growth reflects robust activity in our tourism - related industries, including the transport, wholesale, retail, accommodation & food services industries, which were relatively unscathed by tc winston. moreover, this growth also assumes a strong expansion in the construction sector due to post cyclone reconstruction activity, which will also boost retail activity. however, on the downside, a significant decline is expected in agricultural output this year, particularly for sugar, which had earlier also been impacted by el - nino drought conditions. furthermore, the extreme devastation to many household dwellings and livelihoods especially in the maritime areas, damage to schools and health facilities, water supply and power supply disruptions which to date have not been fully restored, have exacerbated the situation. nevertheless, ladies and gentlemen, the quick response and immediate and tremendous assistance by our development partners – including australia and new zealand, the business community and family members and friends of fiji both locally and abroad, are making a tremendous difference in helping our people get back on their feet through inflows of grantsin - aid and kind. government efforts were nothing short of swift in facilitating access to the worst affected areas and also in implementing measures to assist financially stricken businesses and households. some of these initiatives include the “ help for homes ” and “ adopt a school ” campaigns. we know that the many military and civilian personnel from your countries who came in immediately after tc winston played a huge role in turning the lives of many of our people around

andriy pyshnyy : national bank of ukraine press briefing - monetary policy decisions speech by mr andriy pyshnyy, governor of the national bank of ukraine, at a press briefing on monetary policy decisions, kyiv, 27 april 2023. * * * dear colleagues, the board of the national bank of ukraine has decided to keep its key policy rate at 25 % per annum. this will support the effects of previous measures to improve attractiveness of hryvnia assets, help maintain sustainability of the fx market, and form proper conditions for the continuation of steady disinflation trend and for easing fx restrictions. from the start of the year, inflation has been declining faster than expected, including thanks to the nbu's measures to support exchange rate sustainability however, the impact of the war keeps the price pressure and production costs high a€ “ in particular, due to difficulties of running business and setting up logistics during the war. inflation will decelerate to 14. 8 % in 2023 and will return to a single - digit level in the next years inflation will decelerate this year thanks to a combined effect from lower global energy prices, restrained domestic demand, and the impact of the nbu's monetary policy. already this year, the economy will return to growth, which will accelerate in the coming years on the back of a decrease in security risks assumed by the forecast in view of the rapid recovery in the energy system and the loose fiscal policy, the nbu improved its economic growth forecast for 2023, from 0. 3 % to 2. 0 %. provided that the assumptions about the security situation materialize, no significant shortages of electricity are expected, except for some local and situational shortages that might occur in h2. at the same time, an increase in budgetary spending on the back of large volumes of international financial assistance will support economic activity and consumption. significant volumes of official financing, coupled with the further development of the domestic debt market, will prevent the need for monetary financing of the sizeable budget deficit. despite an increase in the government's tax revenues and domestic borrowing, these funds are not enough to finance the considerable expenditures of the state budget in wartime and during the post - war recovery. international assistance will remain an important source of financing to meet state budget needs. 1 / 3 bis - central bankers'speeches overall, inflows from international partners could exceed usd 42 billion this year. the inflows from