becomes : can tourism fill the gap that industry should have filled? what, for example, are the scientific requirements of the tourism industry which could provide higher levels of productivity and lower costs to make the industry internationally competitive? in addition, since the tourism industry is international in scope, what innovations and applications developed for our industry can be sold to other destinations? the role of tourism in terms of linkages, both backward and forward, as well as its possibilities as a launching pad for exporting goods and services to the source countries, is one that should be seriously explored. the possibilities for research and innovation lie in several areas, for example, alternative energy sources, the environment, transportation, information technology applications aimed at select niches and areas of the industry, such as culinary arts and floral designs. the construction sector and the related professions such as architecture could benefit tremendously from innovations which are tested in our environment and which could have possibilities in other countries with a similar climate and topography. all of these issues fit in with a more relevant model which is the aggregation - coordinationproductivity model, which in a sense speaks for itself. the critical element would be the representational organisation of the private sector and the bringing together of producers into clusters to achieve critical mass. coordination is required at the level of industries and the public sector within countries and between countries to chart a course which has definitive goals and targets. the use of science and technology is also critical to produce innovations in production and management and a dynamic private sector which is internationally competitive. all of this will not happen by osmosis and will require a vision of the future, the acquisition of administrative and technical capacity to implement and a mental shift in our approach to running our governments and our industries. bis central bankers ’ speeches

the activities in which they are engaged, the difficulties they have as a private sector generally, and the specific impediments to operating in the export sector. this would also involve the use of the “ doing business survey ” carried out by the world bank and a more targeted survey with the oecs environment as its base. the next step would be to identify actual and potential sources for entrepreneurs in the oecs domain. the following are being suggested : 1. the transformation of some of the traditional trading firms by providing incentives for them to enter the export sector ; 2. citizens of the oecs in various diasporas involved in business ventures who may be enticed back to their countries, or more appropriately, to the single economic and financial space. they need not move completely, but have a branch of their business in the space as an outpost of the original business. there is a publication entitled the “ new argonauts ” by annalee saxenian which chronicles such operations by entrepreneurs in the united states from ireland, india, israel, the peoples republic of china, the republic of china on taiwan and south korea. 3. middle level professionals who have good networks, local and regional knowledge, and business acumen who could be incentivized into becoming entrepreneurs. two forms of organisation are available to them, namely, production cooperatives and investment clubs. these are critical in small societies which require joint activities to establish the critical mass necessary to ensure success. 4. another potential source would be the excess workers in the public and banking sectors who have the regulatory and organizational skills to participate in entrepreneurial projects. the key factor would be the use of separation packages which provide funding, training in business development and management, a menu of projects carefully developed to identify the areas in which we have a comparative advantage which can be leveraged into a competitive advantage, and the establishment of clusters of export - oriented activities which have the critical mass to attract complementary and supporting functions which are commercially viable, such as research facilities. 5. finally, a robust investment in encouraging young people in primary and secondary schools and recent school leavers to become entrepreneurs through targeted programs. examples of these could be the widespread establishment of science clubs, savings clubs, 4 h clubs, and the junior achievement programme. a very important exercise would be the identification of focal points in each country where scientific activities are being conducted. organizations such as ministries of agriculture, education, health and public works are all heavily involved in scientific activities,