to reduce vulnerability to climate impacts is particularly critical in africa. that's why it is so important to discuss how to scale up adaptation finance in africa. i found it very interesting to hear about challenges, possible solutions and how central banks and supervisors – and the ngfs – can support the mobilisation of adaptation finance. 2 / 4 bis - central bankers'speeches in a moment, we will look more broadly at the role of central banks and supervisors in addressing climate - related challenges. against a backdrop of increasing political fragmentation and polarisation, cooperation and collaboration are more important than ever. because our planet is heating up fast. last year was the warmest on record. 5 the implications of climate change for central banks, monetary policy and financial supervision are profound and multifaceted. central banks and supervisory authorities around the globe must adapt to and tackle these challenges. as independent institutions, we can best do so by communicating the facts clearly and transparently! our work can help to ensure that climate risks remain a top priority – in africa and globally – despite the many headwinds. our upcoming, final panel discussion will round off a very productive day. today's outreach meeting helped us to identify and discuss issues that are particularly relevant to economies in africa. the ngfs is about sharing knowledge, experiences and best practices. about learning from one another. personally, i learned a lot today, and i hope you did too. before we move on to the panel, i would like to thank yann marin and the team at the ngfs secretariat as well as everyone from the sarb for organising the meeting today. thank you for being great partners in steering our global network. and most importantly, thank you, everyone, for your contributions. i look forward to continuing our exchange and i am sure there will be plenty of opportunities throughout the year. in fact, tomorrow will already be our next opportunity. i am sure i will see some of you at the meeting of the basel committee on banking supervision and the financial stability institute where we will also discuss the role of supervisors in addressing climate change. and beyond that, i will be back soon in the context of the south african g20 presidency. moreover, i recommend that each and every one of you attend the ngfs plenary meeting in delhi in march, where we will need your perspectives as well. so, let's keep in touch and, together, let's all continue the success story of the ngfs! thank you. 1

network for greening the financial system ( 2024 ) : climate change, the macroeconomy and monetary policy, 29 october 2024. 2 network for greening the financial system ( 2024 ) : climate macroeconomic modelling handbook, 24 october 2024. 3 network for greening the financial system ( 2024 ) : ngfs climate scenarios for central banks and supervisors - phase v, 5 november 2024. 4 network for greening the financial system ( 2024 ) : ngfs conceptual note on adaptation, 13 november 2024. 3 / 4 bis - central bankers'speeches 5 world meteorological organization ( 2025 ) : wmo confirms 2024 as warmest year on record at about 1. 55°c above pre - industrial level, 10 january 2025. 4 / 4 bis - central bankers'speeches