less frequent, compilations of the results of stress testing. the broader use of shared definitions to guide the comprehensive reporting of risk across the firm enables the integrated risk management function to identify concentrations of risk. concentrations matter particularly when various business lines within the firm have different kinds of exposures to the same counterparty. comprehensive and consistent reporting helps, moreover, to ensure that the firm is aware of the wide range of risks to which it is exposed ; that it understands the relative importance of various risks and how they may interact ; and that the firm is less likely to ignore material sources of risk. the joint forum ’ s study suggests that no single model for organising an integrated risk management function has become dominant. in some financial organisations, the function may exercise a considerable degree of control over individual businesses. in others - and especially in insurance companies - local business units continue to operate autonomously to a great degree. yet nearly all firms that establish integrated risk management units are highly dependent on the quality of their information technology to collect, analyse, and report firm - wide data efficiently and effectively. some participants have found that the greatest challenge in developing a centralised risk management structure lies in constructing compatible and efficient management information systems across all of their businesses. as a result, they devote substantial resources in terms of personnel and expenditures to the maintenance and enhancement of their management information systems. b. risk aggregation into a single measure. collecting risk data across many business lines has catalysed further efforts to aggregate those measures of risk by quantifying them in a rigorous fashion. this is the second major risk management trend identified in the joint forum report. the quantification of risk is certainly not a new concept in the insurance industry. actuaries have long sought to estimate the likelihood of various events taking place. in recent years, however, we have seen financial risk managers and researchers apply mathematics, statistics, and modelling to many risk exposures that were previously not thought to be readily quantifiable. in the banking industry, for example, statistical and computational analyses developed for evaluating exposures to market risk led, over the past decade or so, to the application of similar techniques to credit risk. indeed, the introduction of increasingly reliable estimates of the drivers of credit risk, such as the probability of default, led to many of the proposals that form the basis for the basel ii bank capital framework, as i will discuss in a few minutes. the joint forum found that the “ ultimate expression ” of risk aggregation is the summation

driving the resilience of individual firms is critical in ensuring that consumers can trust that deposits are safe, investments are protected and insurance policies will pay out when a claim is due. in addition, prudential and conduct supervisors have a shared interest in : business model sustainability ; governance, risk management and control arrangements ; and the culture of regulated firms. our new strategic plan builds on our extensive existing consumer protection framework and reinforces our strategic focus on the conduct of firms. this is essential, given the wide range of financial misconduct scandals internationally and domestically, including the tracker mortgage scandal. it is also reflected in the evolution of our supervisory approach in recent years to strengthen its focus on conduct and cultural issues. the supervisory phase of the tracker mortgage examination is now in the final stages. as of end - february 2019, lenders have identified nearly 40, 000 customers who suffered unacceptable 1 / 5 bis central bankers'speeches harm from tracker mortgages - related failures. this overall number is unchanged since our last update based on date at the end of december. total redress and compensation paid has increased by €18 million since the end of december to €665 million now. by the end of this month, we expect the number of customer accounts awaiting redress to be down to about three hundred, which will be mostly paid in april. in finalising our supervisory work, our focus at all times is to ensure that all affected groups of customers have been identified and remediated. this work has now been completed at the majority of lenders. in the case of the remaining lenders, we are working to ensure that these have addressed satisfactorily any remaining issues affecting groups of customers and all eligible groups of customers have been included for redress and compensation. we expect this work to conclude in the coming weeks, with a final report published thereafter. while the “ project ” phase of our supervisory work is nearing completion, any further individuals or groups that are identified will receive the same treatment under our standard supervisory approach. finally, our enforcement work is ongoing. these investigations are detailed and forensic, involving the scrutiny of thousands of documents and the conduct of interviews to establish the exact circumstances of matters under investigation, including the actions of regulated entities and individuals. while we have a strong suite of existing powers, the findings of our report into the behaviour and culture of the irish retail banks last year set out additional reforms that include the proposed introduction of a new individual accountability framework. this would ensure clearer lines of accountability