##guna membuat keputusan yang bijak, demi kesejahteraan mereka. usaha meningkatkan tahap celik kewangan di kalangan pengguna sentiasa diberi keutamaan oleh bank negara malaysia. sejak tahun 1996, beberapa inisiatif telah diperkenalkan untuk meningkatkan tahap celik kewangan, dan memupuk kemahiran pengurusan kewangan yang baik di kalangan pelbagai kumpulan sasar. kesukaran pengguna mendapat akses kepada maklumat sering menyebabkan pengguna tidak mendapat maklumat yang secukupnya bagi membolehkan mereka membuat keputusan yang bijak. pada tahun 2003, bank negara malaysia dengan kerjasama institusi kewangan, telah melancarkan satu rancangan 10 tahun program pendidikan pengguna yang melibatkan sektor perbankan dan insurans. program tersebut bertujuan meningkatkan akses kepada maklumat oleh pengguna serta meningkatkan kesedaran pengguna tentang hak dan tanggungjawab mereka. ianya juga bertujuan untuk memperdalamkan pengetahuan pengguna tentang konsep dan operasi perbankan islam serta produk dan perkhidmatan takaful yang ditawarkan oleh institusi kewangan. dalam hal ini, lamanlaman web infoperbankan dan infoinsurans telah memainkan peranan penting dalam meningkatkan kesedaran pengguna. sehingga kini, laman web tersebut telah mendapat sambutan yang menggalakkan dengan jumlah pelawat mencecah 17. 6 juta. di samping itu, lebih 4. 2 juta naskhah buku penerangan kecil telah diedarkan kepada pengguna. peningkatan

peter praet : interview in der spiegel interview with mr peter praet, member of the executive board of the european central bank, in der spiegel, conducted by mr stefan kaiser on 19 june 2017 and published on 22 june 2017. * * * mr praet, you are a belgian who was born in germany and who spent the first years of your childhood here. can you understand why so many people here regard the european central bank ( ecb ) as the greatest threat to their personal wealth? i think the german public is much more impartial on that point. most people understand the position we are in : we have to define the right monetary policy for a monetary union with very different countries. the press often criticises us for this, but the personal discussions i have here are much more courteous and relaxed. even the discussions within the ecb ’ s governing council are very good, even when there are critical voices. but it ’ s the germans who complain most about the ecb, isn ’ t it? of course, criticism in germany is somewhat more vocal than in other countries. that also has to do with germany ’ s role in the financial and euro crisis. because, on the one hand, it had already undertaken important reforms and was in a stronger position. and because, on the other hand, the people of germany are by tradition not so highly indebted. that ’ s a cultural thing – and i very much share it. but it ’ s also a factor that played a role in the origin of the crisis. how? it concerns the creditor - debtor relationship : before the crisis, germany was a significant lender to other countries. german savers invested, mainly via their banks, a lot of money abroad – in those countries where households and companies had bigger debts, for example spain. and the crisis came and the money flowed back – €400 billion came back from spain alone and a large part of that originated in german savings. the ecb made liquidity available to banks in exchange for collateral. that prevented a meltdown of the financial system, which otherwise would have led to strongly deflationary pressure across the euro area. so germany was also saved by the ecb? in germany, one might say that it ’ s obvious that debtors have to pay back what they owe. but the lenders also bear a responsibility. they too should be careful. the germans are complaining about the interest rates being