samchain/econo-pairs-v2 huggingface dataset:
finally, i would like to leave you with these words from steve jobs as food for thought, “ i am convinced that about half of what separates the successful entrepreneurs from the nonsuccessful ones is pure perseverance. ” let ’ s persevere, and make namibia a truly competitive, global player. ladies and gentlemen, it is therefore a great honour for me to present the awards to the winners of the business idea competition. i thank you! bis central bankers ’ speeches

a few, are some of the successful entrepreneurs in the world, but they never graduated from college, nor did they pursue formal education in business or entrepreneurship. yet from microsoft to virgin and other big businesses, they redefined what it takes to turn good ideas into lucrative businesses. we therefore acknowledge and recognise the important role the nbic is playing in training, coaching and mentoring aspiring innovative entrepreneurs. we believe that nbic provides a unique opportunity to exchange ideas, explore new businesses, discuss emerging technologies, share growth strategies and obtain insight from global business leaders, community leaders and worldwide experts. the bank of namibia is therefore very proud to be associated with the nbic ’ s quest to help people to create and realize their new innovative ideas. indeed, as one of the sponsors of nbic, today, the bank of namibia would like to reaffirm its commitment and support to this noble call. we have faith in what nbic is doing and hope that it will continue to do even more. we know that nbic ’ s contribution to innovation and creativity will help greatly in the nation ’ s quest for employment creation and economic growth, and more so, for namibia to become a competitive country in the world. on its part, the bank of namibia, together with the ministry of finance and support from other government ministries and agencies will continue to persist in ensuring that the financial sector strategy that makes access to finance for smes as one of its focal points is successfully implemented. this is in light of the fact that access to finance will go a step further in complementing the efforts of institutions such as nbic and thereby ensuring that we create a vibrant culture of entrepreneurship as a nation. ladies and gentlemen, without much ado, allow me to go to the second part of my task today to applaud the finalists. these are the people who worked late into the evening and early in the morning to come up with creative and innovative business ideas. on behalf of the bank of namibia, once again, i want to congratulate all the finalists of the nbic business idea competition and wish you the best of luck. we look forward to learning more about your innovative ideas and helping you to move them off the drawing boards and into the marketplace. although, you bis central bankers ’ speeches have emerged as winners today, the ultimate winners will be the people whose quality of lives will be changed through the impact of your business ideas on economic growth and job creation in namibia – through your hard - work and determination.
a country like china that has a robust demand to import primary products due to unfavorable resource endowment. economic restructuring and growth pattern upgrade, as urgent tasks of strategic importance, cannot be accomplished without persevering efforts. when doing so, it is desirable for china to seek more balanced trade development. price tools such as exchange rate can be adopted to adjust trade and bop imbalances. this will help ease pressure of inflows of foreign exchange and rapid build - up of reserves, promote sound and sustainable development, and realize stable and orderly growth of money supply. according to international experiences, a flexible exchange rate regime helps mitigate impacts of external shocks and enhance macroeconomic resilience. financial crises in the 1990s have shown that a rigid exchange rate regime is vulnerable to speculation and may even trigger self - fulfilling currency crisis. stronger exchange rate flexibility also helps improve the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. since 2005, the rmb exchange rate regime reform that has progressed in a self - initiated, gradual and controllable manner has enhanced market players ’ awareness to adapt to exchange rate movements and made them more responsive to market changes. the money market and foreign exchange market have developed both in breadth and in depth. adapting to more flexible exchange rate, financial institutions have strengthened risk management, improved financial services and come up with more product innovation. these have helped improve the transmission of monetary policy at the micro and market levels and played a positive role in enhancing the effectiveness of monetary policy.

be a catalyst for the going abroad endeavor. promoting the two - way interaction of foreign enterprises coming to china and chinese ones going abroad is conducive to the economic complementarity and helps promote common prosperity, global harmony and progress. on this front, the financial sector definitely will do a lot more to provide support. in conclusion, i wish the forum a complete success. thank you.
professional training and adherence to common set of professional ethical standards. getting this right will be an important piece in the puzzle towards building a world - beating sector here in hong kong. getting it right means raising competence and professional standards and, consequently, raising levels of trust and custom. to achieve that will take a full, team effort. so i very much welcome your input to developing these ideas further and flesh out the framework over the coming months. closing remarks at the outset of my remarks, i highlighted the banner headline indicating that we are “ heading into a new era ”. having journeyed this far, is this statement a fair one? given the opportunities i ’ ve outlined, i think the answer really should be “ yes ”. but if i ’ m cautious, i would have to say, “ yes, if ” : if we can rise to the challenges touched on earlier ; if we can capitalise on the great strengths and advantages of hong kong ; if we can invest in our people and our institutions to match the scale of the opportunities. if we can do that, i believe we can truly make this a transformative moment in the development of the banking landscape in hong kong. the prize for your institutions, your clients and for hong kong is great. i look forward to continue working with you so, together, we attain it. thank you. bis central bankers ’ speeches

steep learning curve in familiarising themselves with the basic concepts and techniques on which the irb approach relies, and need to become more conversant with these types of risk management technique. a particularly important issue to consider that is highly relevant to today ’ s event is the standards that bank supervisors will apply in deciding whether or not to approve a bank to use the irb approach. to ensure that the capital charges computed by the irb systems are sufficient for banks to withstand the credit risks they have incurred and to absorb the potential losses resulting from borrower defaults, the estimates of the risk components must be accurate in capturing the relevant aspects of risk. as a consequence, validation of banks ’ estimates of the risk components, and the underlying internal rating systems, is crucial to the implementation of the irb approach. this is one of the greatest implementation challenges confronting bank supervisors in asia, where the development and understanding of the irb approach by banks is generally still at an early stage. no matter what supervisory approach you take in respect of irb validation, it is only one of the major questions to which we need to find an answer. banks and their supervisors in asia are going to face a variety of challenges ahead in the implementation of the basel ii irb framework. through today ’ s outreach event, i hope that there will be stimulating discussions on these issues and that participants will be able to take away ideas that can help them make the implementation of the irb framework in their jurisdictions a success. i also hope that the aigv, the aig and the basel committee can take account of the views of the asian region, and of the particular issues we face. thank you.
play. while the perspectives of market participants and official supervisors may differ from time to time, our objective is the same - to maintain a strong and vibrant financial system. indeed, it is evident to me, as a former commercial banker and now as a supervisor, that only if we work together, each meeting our responsibilities and reinforcing the other, will we be able to successfully manage and supervise a rapidly evolving, ever - more complex financial services industry.

##uritization a bank may physically transfer assets off its balance sheet, but still retain some or even all of the associated risk. in addition, it has proved difficult to incorporate into the accord ’ s simple risk - weighting scheme the innovations of the last decade in the way banks manage and mitigate risk. as credit risk management techniques advanced, and as the importance of managing operational risk has been increasingly recognized, the long run relevance and efficacy of the basel accord has been eroded. in june of last year, the basel committee released a consultative paper laying out its vision for a new, more refined capital adequacy framework - one that more accurately distinguishes degrees of credit risk, and that is appropriate for banks of varying levels of sophistication. the consultative paper represents an evolution in the committee ’ s approach to capital adequacy because, in addition to establishing minimum capital requirements, it places increased emphasis on the supervisory review of capital adequacy and the role of market discipline. we refer to these elements - minimum capital standards, supervisory review and market discipline - as the “ three pillars ”. together these pillars mutually reinforce safety and soundness by aligning capital relative to risk and by encouraging prudent risk management. this evolution in the committee ’ s thinking follows from much of its recent work on risk management and surveys on banks ’ disclosure practices. it is also consistent with the broader notion of supervision that has evolved since the original accord. an important objective of the consultative paper was to convey the committee ’ s thinking and to solicit the industry ’ s input. as you may know, the formal consultative period on the proposed capital framework ended just a few days ago, on 31 march. we are very pleased by the response. comments have been received from a broad range of industry participants including banks of varying sizes, some of which i see represented here today, banking associations, securities firms, central banks and supervisory agencies, as well as rating agencies. it will take some time to thoughtfully and thoroughly review all of the comments received. still, i thought it would be useful to discuss some of the major themes we ’ ve been able to identify. based on the views expressed by industry participants and the work the committee is currently engaged in, i can tell you that we are firmly committed to the use of banks ’ internal ratings as an approach for setting regulatory capital requirements. internal ratings many of you in the industry have noted that a capital regime based on banks ’ internal ratings, which
heartened by your show of support. as the economist adam smith once said, and i quote : “ civilized society stands at all times in need of the cooperation and assistance of great multitudes. ” bis central bankers ’ speeches it is our hope therefore that the same spirit of cooperation and collaboration will characterize our pursuit of continuing reforms in 2013 and the years ahead. and now, let us offer a toast to all of us coming together for an even stronger, more responsive, more inclusive, and more successful philippine banking system that will underpin a strong and vibrant philippine economy that will bring prosperity and a better quality of life to our country and our people. cheers! bis central bankers ’ speeches

amando m tetangco, jr : empowering entrepreneurial filipinos thru microfinance speech by mr amando m tetangco, jr, governor of the central bank of the philippines ( bangko sentral ng pilipinas ), at the 2010 microentrepreneur of the year official launch, manila, 21 may 2010. * * * fellow advocates of the microfinance sector, good afternoon and congratulations! yes, ladies and gentlemen, we have many reasons to celebrate. first, this annual national search for outstanding filipino microentrepeneurs is on its 8th year. this speaks well of the commitment of those involved in this program. and so, let us give a big hand to citi philippines headed by sanjiv vohra ; the microfinance council of the philippines headed by mr. ruben de lara ; the bangko sentral ng pilipinas and my fellow central bankers ; and finally my hardworking co - members at the national selection committee which includes philippine daily inquirer chairperson marixi rufino - prieto ; sm investments vice chairperson tessie sy - coson ; former mbm antonino alindogan ; gma network ceo atty. felipe gozon ; go negosyo movement head and rfm corporation ceo joey concepcion ; chair of the leadership and strategy department of the ateneo de manila university and finance educator of the year dr. darwin yu ; and ayala corporation president fernando zobel de ayala. they are not only hardworking judges, they are also deeply engaged in supporting microentrepreneurs. palakpakan po natin silang lahat. another reason to celebrate is the continued growth and development of the microfinance sector in the philippines that has produced so many inspiring success stories. this has allowed us to sustain our annual search across the country. of course, this has made the work of the national selection committee members more difficult but ultimately more satisfying. let us therefore celebrate the transformative power of microfinance with a round of applause. i am also pleased to report that our efforts to promote microfinance and financial inclusion in our country have placed us in the international radar screen. in particular, survey results of the first annual global microfinance index and study – which was conducted by the economist intelligence unit of the economist group – measured the state of the regulatory framework, investment climate and institutional development. overall, the philippines ranked 3rd out of 55 countries, next to usual leaders
in this context, both accounting and governance frameworks remain key components when it comes to the understanding of a central bank ’ s financial situation, and we should all aim at applying these frameworks in order to make our positions as clear and understandable as possible to our numerous stakeholders. ladies and gentlemen, i thank you for your attention and wish you a fruitful conference. bis central bankers ’ speeches

euro area were accompanied by some decoupling of yields from those in the united states, as differentials between euro area long - term interest rates and comparable rates in the united states have widened. as regards the evolution of the world economy, recent developments tend to confirm the picture of a mild overall improvement in the external environment beyond the euro area. as before, however, the main features range from continuously strong growth of the us economy to continuously weak output in japan. for the euro area, only a few additional data for economic indicators have become available, and the assessment of forthcoming gdp developments is currently complicated by the fact that the next release will be based on revised data in accordance with the new concept of the european system of accounts ( esa 95 ). industrial production declined at the beginning of this year, and data on retail sales volumes suggest that the pace of growth slowed down somewhat around the turn of the year, but recently there are preliminary indications of some improvement. recent developments in the labour market show a somewhat decelerating employment growth towards the end of last year. the rate of unemployment remained unchanged in march 1999, following two consecutive declines in january and february. industrial confidence declined further in the first quarter of 1999, but preliminary april figures from the european commission point to a slight improvement. given the latest developments up to april, it would appear that consumer confidence reached a peak at the beginning of this year since when it has moderated slightly. as expected, the trend towards decreasing inflation rates appears to have been reversed in march. in march the annual rate of increase of consumer prices as measured by the harmonised index of consumer prices ( hicp ) was 1. 0 %, compared with 0. 8 % in the previous four months. this was essentially a consequence of the substantial rise in oil prices which began in mid - february feeding through to energy prices in the hicp. in addition, unprocessed food prices have continued to exert some upward pressure on overall price increases in recent months. excluding the more volatile hicp components of energy and food, the rate of increase in consumer prices in march remained at 1. 1 % - i. e. unchanged from the rate observed in february and marginally lower than that recorded at the turn of the year. in conclusion, at this point in time the general outlook for price stability remains favourable. although the lower effective exchange rate of the euro and the rise in oil prices may lead to some upward pressure on headline hicp inflation in the coming months
the sector is very low. modernising agriculture should be integral to uganda ’ s development plans, but for that objective to be realised, we need well thought out feasible strategies, which focus on supporting smallholder farmers. by highlighting the constraints facing farmers in different subsectors in uganda and initiatives which have helped to alleviate them, the agricultural finance yearbook can contribute to the strengthening of our agricultural policies. i would now like to formally launch the 2015 agricultural finance yearbook. thank you for listening. bis central bankers ’ speeches

loss of confidence. consequently, global output is projected to decline sharply by - 3. 3 % in 2009 in developed countries, and - 2. 0 % each for emerging and developing countries, contrasting with previous growth rates of 3. 2 %, and 6. 1 % each in 2008 respectively. by contrast, many african economies and indeed most emerging and developing countries have thrived in the two decades to 2007 / 08. this was largely on account of prudent macroeconomic management that resulted into lower inflation, sustainable fiscal and balance of payments and rapid economic growth that placed them in good stead to respond to exogenous shocks like the one we are discussing here today. the key issue is whether or not the new macroeconomic policy responses and investment decisions by the development partners are appropriate to safeguard the economic requirements of african economies. for africa as a whole, growth forecasts for 2009 have been drastically revised downwards, from 5. 9 % in november 2008 to 2. 8 % in february 2009. likewise, export growth is projected to decline by 7 % while import growth will decline by 4. 7 % largely on account of adverse terms of trade, as well as declining volumes. although the effects of the global recession are not uniformly distributed, they are broadly resulting into a deterioration of current account balance for most countries. capital inflows for over a decade, many african economies have been experiencing a super - cycle1 in their terms - of - trade trends, robust private capital and remittance inflows, as well as fdi. this was largely on account of implementation of prudent macroeconomic policies, structural adjustment programs, the liberalisation of the current account and account as well as the boom in s. e. asia and china. the strong balance of payments performance as a result of the above developments is under threat by the global economic crisis, as evidenced by falling export prices and volumes, and declining capital flows. if the global recession persists, then many african economies risk backsliding into a severe macroeconomic crisis regime caused by unsustainable triple - deficit problem of unsustainable balance of payments deficit, unsustainable fiscal deficit and unsustainable private sector savings - investment gap. this in turn risks high inflation and sustained decline in economic growth. there are uncertainties about the magnitudes of the main risks arising from the global credit crunch, and a negative feed - back loop from the financial sector and the real economy in developed economies. there are
media soiree welcome address by dr. maxwell opoku - afari first deputy governor, bank of ghana january 17, 2020 accra city hotel distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, 1. good evening and on behalf of the board of directors and management of the bank of ghana, i would like to welcome you to this evening ’ s event. first, let me thank you all for honouring our invitation and for making this event possible. gatherings like this offer us greater scope and latitude to reflect on critical happenings in the past year, especially those that relate to the functions of the bank of ghana, and to see how we can foster closer collaboration going forward and in the interest of the nation. 2. on all counts, the bank of ghana recognises the important role journalists play in sensitising the public about policies and programs nationwide, especially during the bank ’ s monetary policy meetings. as a bank, we always look for opportunities to improve such strategic partnerships with a view to deepen our communications which remains critical to enhancing the achievement of our core objectives. in this regard, we see you as a major stakeholder for the crucial role of helping disseminate our policies to the general public. and so, let me take the opportunity to thank you all for your various roles in supporting the policy process and for the achievements chalked so far. surely, without you, our policy decisions would have been difficult or even impossible to convey across the country. i am hopeful that the collaboration will continue in the years ahead. 3. ladies and gentlemen, journalism is one of the most powerful professions in our world today because it helps propagate and shape ideas, policies, programs and the destiny of societies. indeed, financial journalism can be used as a tool to advance the objectives of sound fiscal policies, efficient transmission of monetary policies, address bottlenecks hindering financial intermediation in the banking sector, promote structural reforms, and above all support the process of economic growth and poverty reduction. distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, permit me to briefly touch on the role of the press in the bank of ghana ’ s monetary policy process and a few recent developments … 4. as mentioned earlier, the bank of ghana sees the press as a strategic partner and important stakeholder in helping communicate and sensitize the public about the bank ’ s policy decisions. in fact, the literature on central bank communication explains that an appropriate and sound communications framework of a central bank is essential in conveying policy intentions

the institutional frameworks that have been put in place to ensure compliance with these arrangements is intact. 9. thank you for the attention and let us use this soiree to interact as much as possible and build stronger bonds as we work in the interest of the country.