4 per cent in q4 : 2023 - 24. ( performance of private corporate business sector during q1 : 2024 - 25, released by rbi on august 30, 2024 ) 4 gnpa ratio of banks was 2. 7 per cent at end - june 2024, the lowest since end - march 2011. the annualised slippage ratio, which measures new npa accretions as a percentage of standard advances, continued to decline to reach at 1. 3 per cent at endjune 2024. the provision coverage ratio ( pcr ) continued to improve to reach at 76. 5 per cent by end - june 2024. capital to risk - weighted assets ratio ( crar ) stood at 16. 8 per cent at end - june 2024, much above the regulatory threshold. the annualized profitability indicators, namely, return on assets ( roa ) and return on equity ( roe ) stood at 1. 4 per cent and 14. 2 per cent, respectively, at end - june 2024, showing continued improvement. 5 as per a discussion paper on multidimensional poverty in india released by the niti aayog, multidimensional poverty in india was found to decline from 29. 17 per cent in 2013 - 14 to 11. 28 per cent in 2022 - 23 with about 24. 82 crore people escaping poverty during this period. mutlidimensional poverty in india since 2005 - 06 - a discussion paper by prof. ramesh chand and dr. yogesh suri, niti aayog, january 2024. 6 / 6 bis - central bankers'speeches

, universality of education, and particularly, the spread of financial literacy. iv ) however, such aggregative nature of data masks many critical performance related information for understanding the depth and granularity at sub - national level. another speciality of the database ( findex ) used in the world bank study is that it is a survey based reporting system which may have small sample biases and such constraints are natural for household surveys, particularly, when they involve people in the lower rung of the financial inclusion pyramid. likewise, the imf has initiated the “ financial access survey ” ( fas ) in 2009, in an endeavour to put together cross country data and information relating to the issue of financial inclusion and has published the data in july 2012. 8 according to imf, the fas is the sole source of global supply - side data on financial inclusion, encompassing internationally comparable basic indicators of financial access and usage. it is the data source for the g - 20 basic set of “ measuring financial inclusion ”, policy research working paper, 6025, world bank. it is based on the first round of the global findex database based on indicators that measure how adults in 148 economies save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. the indicators are constructed with survey data from interviews with more than 150, 000 nationally representative and randomly selected adults age 15 and above in those 148 economies during the 2011 calendar year rbi annual report 2011 – 12 ( p. 88 – 92 ) contains the detailed india specific survey findings as per the world bank ’ s policy research working paper and latest status of financial inclusion in india. for more, one may refer http : / / fas. imf. org / bis central bankers ’ speeches financial inclusion indicators endorsed by the g - 20 leaders at the los cabos summit in june 2012. the fas database currently contains annual data, for the period 2004 – 2011, for 187 jurisdictions, including all g20 economies. the fas data covers data on country - wise availability of bank branches and atms per 1000 sq. km. and per 100, 000 adults, number of deposit and loan accounts with banks per 1000 adults and deposit - gdp and credit - gdp ratios. a glimpse of the data is given in annex 2. while such initiatives are most commendable and fill a major data gap at macro level, it has to be reckoned that data on financial inclusion is needed at both macro and micro levels. the latter can provide distributional characteristics of