international financial support and measures to mobilize internal resources should help the government finance the budget deficit without resorting to monetary financing the war is grinding on. the russian aggression continues to put significant pressure on public finances. given the need for large expenses on defense capability, budget expenditures for 2024 have been raised considerably. the draft state budget for 2025 envisages that expenditures will remain high – the budget deficit will exceed 19 % of gdp. the budget expenditures are planned to be financed on account of further increases in budget revenues, financial support from international partners, and more domestic borrowing though selling domestic government debt securities, made possible thanks to efforts of the government with the nbu's assistance. this will enable the country to mobilize necessary resources and avoid returning to monetary financing over the forecast horizon. the course of the full - scale war continues to be the key risk to inflation dynamics and economic development the time needed for inflation to return to the 5 % target and the sustainability of ukraine's economic development will strongly depend on the nature and duration of the war. the russian aggression continues to generate the following risks : the emergence of additional budget needs, mainly those to maintain defense capabilities the likelihood of an additional hike in taxes, which – depending on its parameters – might spur the pressure on prices further damage to infrastructure, especially energy and port infrastructure, which will limit economic activity and put supply - side pressures on prices a deepening of adverse migration trends and further widening of labor shortages on the domestic labor market. the uncertainty also persists over the volumes of international partners'further support for ukraine. among other things, this is due to many countries being focused on their internal election cycles and russia making sabotage attempts in other countries and at the level of international institutions. at the same time, a number of positive scenarios might also materialize in relation to large inflows of funds to ukraine coming from frozen russian assets. these scenarios may also be related to a further expansion of export opportunities, the acceleration of european integration processes, and a faster pace of repairs in the energy sector. 2 / 3 bis - central bankers'speeches taking into account the balance of risks, the need to bring inflation back to its 5 % target in the coming years, and to ensure the sustainability of the fx market, the nbu board decided to keep the key policy rate at 13 % in recent months, interest rates on hryvnia instruments have been declining, reflecting the impact of previous monetary easing measures. however, the

andriy pyshnyy : national bank of ukraine press briefing - monetary policy decisions speech by mr andriy pyshnyy, governor of the national bank of ukraine, at a press briefing on monetary policy decisions, kyiv, 19 september 2024. * * * dear colleagues, the board of the national bank of ukraine has decided to keep its key policy rate at 13 %. this decision will help gradually bring inflation back to the target of 5 % in the coming years and support the sustainability of the fx market. inflation has expectedly accelerated in recent months in august, consumer inflation rose to 7. 5 % in annual terms, which was close to the forecast the nbu made in july. the underlying inflationary pressure, measured by core inflation, also increased to 6. 5 %. the growth in consumer prices was driven by the impact of lower harvests, businesses'larger expenses, and the effects of the weakening of the hryvnia in the previous months. however, inflation expectations remained rather sustainable. the pressure on prices will persist in the near future, but inflation will slow next year inflation will rise moderately in the coming months due to an increase in aggregate demand against the backdrop of budgetary spending, businesses'larger expenses on wages and electricity, and higher excise taxes. however, the nbu's prudent monetary policy and lower external price pressures will contribute to a gradual decline in inflation and its return to the target of 5 % in the coming years. to meet the target, the nbu will, in particular, maintain a manageable situation on the fx market. international reserves are being kept on a level sufficient for ensuring the sustainability of the fx market in august, ukraine received a large amount of international financial assistance. at the same time, the nbu's interventions to sell foreign currency declined substantially on the back of a decrease in net demand from businesses and households. as a result, ukraine's international reserves exceeded usd 42 billion as of the start of september. the staff level agreement on the fifth review of the imf program reached in september was another positive signal that volumes of international assistance will continue to be sufficient and macrofinancial resilience will be maintained. 1 / 3 bis - central bankers'speeches considering the above and the sufficient set of available instruments, the nbu will remain fully capable of supporting the sustainability of the fx market, prevent excessive exchange rate fluctuations, and ensure that the exchange rate moves both ways.