many have identified trusted intermediaries with access to the target group to deliver financial education. this approach can be effective, provided that the goals of the intermediary are aligned with the financial education goals, and that the staff are properly trained and incentivized to provide financial education. countries need to design programs to ensure people can make sound financial decisions, select financial products, which best suit their needs, and know how to use related channels, such as atms or mobile banking. however, more research and evaluation is necessary to further explore the relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion, and to identify the impact of financial education initiatives on financial inclusion. ladies and gentlemen, with respect to technological advances, digital technologies are important for inclusion, as they enable innovative and lower - cost business models for providing financial services, making it viable to reach the poor. about 260 million unbanked adults in the developing world receive private sector wage payments in cash. switching to digital payments could potentially save significant time and resources for businesses and workers alike. likewise, agricultural payments present another chance to expand access to the formal financial system, as roughly 440 million unbanked adults in the developing world are paid in cash for farm goods. by moving away from cash and using digital payments to distribute social benefits and wages, governments can reduce costs and leakage. in the developing world, about 120 million unbanked adults receive government transfers in cash, according to the world bank ’ s global findex database 2014. at the same time, more than 31 million unbanked adults in emerging countries are paid government wages in cash. digitizing these payments could bring millions of adults into the financial system for the first time. likewise, 355 million adults in developing countries with an account send or obtain domestic remittances in cash or over the counter. further, 1. 3 billion adults with an account in developing countries pay their trash, water, and electric bills in cash, and over half a billion adults with an account in developing countries pay school fees in cash. access to digital payments generates opportunities to provide more convenient and affordable payment options. as we continue to adopt innovative financial inclusion models, we need to be positioned at the forefront of these developments in order to identify and manage the associated risks. more importantly, we need to be equipped with thorough knowledge of innovative business models to develop an enabling ecosystem for innovative financial inclusion to flourish in a safe and stable manner. ladies and gentlemen, allow me now to share with you some of

regulatory, concentration and reputational. 8. in the case of nepal stakeholders including the nrb and fiu - nepal, have been proactively working to implement the preventive measures of financial crime, so as to investigate and disseminate the cases of money laundering and terrorist financing ( ml / tf ) to law enforcement agencies ( leas ). fiu - nepal received 45, 93, 5817 ttrs'and 887 str's in fy 2017 / 18 and out of the total strs'that has been received ; almost 312 were disseminated to the leas. i hope that fiu - nepal and leas will continue to coordinate to further investigate the cases for prosecution and convictions. i understand that fiu - nepal has already installed the goaml system for strengthening the receiving, reporting and dissemination mechanism of information and reports from commercial banks and is now reporting under the test environment. i am confident banks will soon move to live environment of goaml in reporting of str and ttr to fiunepal. 9. hence, leadership of government of nepal and joint and coordinate efforts among the regulators, bfis, leas, fiu, civil society and support agencies such as isp, telecommunication companies, vendors, etc. including with the public private partnership can play an important role to control the financial crime and help to maintain the financial stability in country. ladies and gentlemen, 10. at last, but not least, i would convey my best wishes that the conference will be successful and reach a concrete conclusion about the implementation of robust mechanism of aml compliance. in addition to this, i believe that, this program will able to help improve your knowledge on the risks associated with of ml / tf. it will also help to further continue discussions on plan of action to help prepare for the upcoming mutual evaluation scheduled in 2020. 11. with this note, let me close my remarks by congratulating and thank you all for your gracious presence and attention. thank you.