thereby increasing productivity. it also means monitoring the project from end to end, right through to the industrialisation phases. finally, it means encouraging feedback on the difficulties encountered during a project, so that we can make collective progress on subsequent projects. 1 / 3 bis - central bankers'speeches b / this approach feeds into and forms part of an overall reflection on the evolution of it systems, focused on the question of data and its use. whether structured or unstructured, data is the key element in the acpr's analyses and controls, and it is growing exponentially. the suptech projects all aim to facilitate the management, access and visualisation of this data, to enable better targeted analyses and controls to support our risk - based supervision and to improve its effectiveness and efficiency. moreover, the suptech approach cannot afford to overlook the technical problems linked to the management, evolution or decommissioning of existing systems. the insertion of new tools into the existing environment cannot be improvised, but must instead be designed in a way that is consistent with developments in the information system as a whole. in addition, decommissioning old applications - which may be one of the objectives of deploying new tools - should also be integrated into the data enhancement strategy : in many cases, legacy applications contain a wealth of data, which should not be overlooked. ii. to be effective, this approach must also be carried out in a spirit of anticipation and openness. a / we must first anticipate the profound changes in our practices and organizations that some new technologies are likely to bring about. for example, generative ai offers exciting opportunities, particularly in terms of synthesising, extracting, and classifying information, or generating text or computer code. at the same time, it raises a large number of concerns, in terms of reliability, data confidentiality or intellectual property. to anticipate the effects of these new technologies, we need to go through the learning curve as quickly as possible, to get as complete a picture as possible of their potential benefits, but also of their risks. in particular, the experimentation approach can facilitate accelerated learning. for example, in may 2023, the banque de france, through the innovation platform operated by its lab, launched a call for contributions on the uses and impacts of generative ai on its activities. addressed to the innovative ecosystem, it aims, on the one hand, to refine our understanding of this technology and, on the

a few recent and important steps forward in europe and in france. the eurosystem is now incorporating climate change into the ecb's monetary policy operations, as announced by president christine lagarde in early july. when it comes to its non - monetary policy portfolios, after achieving the 2°c objective, the banque de france will now align them with the 1. 5°c objective, starting with european equities by end - 2023, and completely by end - 2025. as supervisors, the french acpr conducted the first pilot stress tests dedicated to climate risks in 2021, followed by the ecb in 2022. many jurisdictions ( 36 at this stage, including japan ) have followed, or are following the same road. the release last summer of six updated ngfs ( v ) macrofinancial scenarios will allow for enhanced assessments. this network, based in the banque de france with an asian chair, ravi menon of mas, now has more than 120 members. we are very happy to count the bank of japan and the japanese fsa among them. c. raising stakes for standard setting and supervisory requirements appropriate disclosure is obviously of the essence to foster sound and trustworthy green finance. europe has been a pioneer in drafting standards. since then, the newly born issb ( vi ) has published two draft standards on general disclosure requirements and climate - related disclosures, and the us sec ( vii ) has published a proposal on climaterelated requirements, which would – if adopted – gradually come into force between 2024 and 2026. these initiatives are obviously welcome : climate change is a global topic. and we cannot, even if we wanted it, have a single standard. but we collectively have to ensure that these standards are interoperable : as a bottom line, when an entity complies with a set of requirements from any jurisdiction, it should mean that it also complies with the global baseline provided by the issb. none of the major sets of norms are carved in 3 / 4 bis - central bankers'speeches stone ; the efrag and issb are fortunately working hard towards convergence, and making strong and quick progress. as a complement to stress tests, relying on robust transition plans from banks and insurers is the best way forward. it would allow for a dynamic, holistic and risk - based approach, which in my view is far preferable to static and not risk - based greensupporting and brown -