resilient and to make the eurozone stronger. given the amount of uncertainty that we see around us in the world, all of us in europe, in the eurozone, have a duty to make our system stronger. it ’ s good that that the discussion has started, finally. 3 / 4 bis central bankers'speeches even if it ’ s being delayed, even if it might not happen in this mandate of emmanuel macron? no one expects that discussion to be easy, so there is lower - hanging fruit such as completing the banking union. we would certainly hope that the capital markets union would feature more prominently on the agenda and also that the rules, the fiscal rules and the macroeconomic rules we ’ ve been working with, can be improved, can be made more credible. fiscal union is not lowhanging fruit ; it is difficult, it will take time, but it ’ s good that that discussion has started. 4 / 4 bis central bankers'speeches

exemptions from strong customer authentication. in addition to these requirements, payment service providers applying the exemptions should perform the monitoring, as stated in article 21 of commission delegated regulation ( eu ) 2018 / 389, and make the results available to bnb upon request. charges on cross - border payments in euro and currency conversion charges regulation ( eu ) 2019 / 5183 introduces the requirement for payment service providers in non - euro area member states to levy equal charges for cross - border payments in euro and for corresponding national payments of the same value in the national currency of the respective member state. such a legal requirement has existed so far only in respect to equal charges for national and cross - border payments in euro. the requirement for equal charges will become mandatory for payment service providers as of 15 december, 2019. in addition to the requirement for equal charges, the new regulation envisages requirements with respect to currency conversion charges related to card payments and electronic credit transfers which are expected to increase transparency and to ensure comparability in cases where a payment service user is faced with a choice between currency conversion alternatives f. according to the requirements concerning currency conversion charges related to card payments, payment service providers and the parties providing currency conversion services at an automated teller machine ( atm ) or at the point of sale shall provide information prior to the initiation of the payment transaction for the total currency conversion charges expressed as a percentage mark - up over the latest available euro foreign exchange reference rates issued by the european central bank. in addition, the payer must also be provided, prior to the initiation of the payment transaction, with information about the amount to be paid to the payee in both the currency used by the payee and in the currency of the payer ’ s account. with regard to the requirements for currency conversion charges related to electronic credit transfers, payment service providers will be obliged to inform the payer prior to the initiation of the payment transaction about the expected currency conversion charges applied to the credit transfer, the expected amount of the credit transfer in the currency of the payer ’ s account, as well as about the expected amount which will be transferred to the payee in the currency used by the payee. payment service providers will have to apply these requirements as of 19 april 2020. 2 / 3 bis central bankers'speeches with regard to regulation ( eu ) 2019 / 518, regulation ( eu ) 2018 / 389 and the corrigendum of directive ( eu ) 2015 / 2366,