we shall always see truth in fragments and from different points of vision. ” let me conclude. iitans like you will lead india ’ s race for ideas. the india that you will graduate into is much more capable of using your technological prowess than the india we graduated into. i wish you unlimited ambition, and forecast great success for those of you who continue thinking and challenging. but as you go out in the world, remember our tradition of debate in an environment of respect and tolerance. by upholding it, by fighting for it, you will be repaying your teachers in this great institution, and your parents who worked so hard to send you here. and you will be doing our country a great patriotic service. thank you and good luck. bis central bankers ’ speeches

for example, we have done in parts of the software industry. and, of course, once you are at the frontier and using the best methods in the world, the only way to grow is to innovate and be even better than others in the world. this is what our software firms are now trying to do. our alums, whom you students will shortly join, are leading india ’ s charge to the frontier and beyond. take the fantastic developments in e - commerce, ranging from the creation of electronic market places to new logistics networks and payments systems. today, a consumer in a small town can have the same choice of clothing fashions that anyone from the large metros enjoy, simply because the internet has brought all the shops in india to her doorstep. and while her local shop no longer can sell shoddy apparel, it now focuses on the perishable items she needs in a hurry, even while sub - contracting to provide the last leg of the logistic network that reaches her. economic growth through new ideas and production methods is what our professors and alums contribute to the nation. so what does an educational institution or a nation need to do to keep the idea factory open? the first essential is to foster competition in the market place for ideas. this means encouraging challenge to all authority and tradition, even while acknowledging that the only way of dismissing any view is through empirical tests. what this rules out is anyone imposing a particular view or ideology because of their power. instead, all ideas should be scrutinized critically, no matter whether they originate domestically or abroad, whether they have matured over thousands of years or a few minutes, whether they come from an untutored student or a world - famous professor. i am sure many of you have come across richard feynman ’ s lectures on physics, a mustread when we were at iit. the nobel prize - winning physicist was one of the giants of the twentieth century. in his autobiography, though, he writes how he found the atmosphere at the institute of advanced studies at princeton stultifying. now, as you know, the institute of advanced studies brings together some of the finest scholars in the world to ponder problems in a multi - disciplinary environment. but he found the atmosphere sterile because there were no students to ask him questions, questions that would force him to rethink his beliefs and perhaps discover new theories. ideas start with questioning and alternative viewpoints, sometimes seemingly silly ones. after all