above, it is evident that the five banks accounted for a disproportionate component of the total exposure to capital market and oil and gas, thus reflecting heavy concentration to high risk areas relative to other banks in the industry. 4. the huge provisioning requirements have led to significant capital impairment. consequently, all the banks are undercapitalized for their current levels of operations and are required to increase their provisions for loan losses, which impacted negatively on their capital. indeed one is technically insolvent with a capital adequacy ratio of ( 1. 01 % ). thus, a minimum capital injection of n204, 94 billion will be required in the 5 banks to meet the minimum capital adequacy ratio of 10 %. 5. the five banks were either perennial net - takers of funds in the inter - bank market or enjoyed liquidity support from the cbn for long periods of time, a clear evidence of illiquidity. in other words, these banks were unable to meet their maturing obligations as they fall due without resorting to the cbn or the inter - bank market. as a matter of fact, the outstanding balance on the edw of the five banks amounted to n127. 85 billion by end july 2009, representing 89. 81 % of the total industry exposure to the cbn on its discount window while their net guaranteed inter - bank takings stood at n253. 30 billion as at august 02, 2009. their liquidity ratios ranged from 17. 65 % to 24 % as at may 31, 2009. ( regulatory minimum is 25 % ). it is important to note that at least three of the banks are systemically important ( accounting for more than 5 % of assets and deposits in the banking system ) and together the five banks account for 39. 93 % of loans, 29. 99 % of deposits, and 31. 47 % of total assets as at may 31, 2009. given the extent of the asset quality problem leading to liquidity stresses, and the variety of stress points on the banks'balance sheets, failure to act to secure the financial health of these banks will clearly place the system at risk. the central bank has a responsibility to act to protect all depositors and creditors and ensure that no one loses money due to bank failure. the bank also needs to move decisively to remove this principal cause of financial instability and restore confidence in the banking system. consequently, having reviewed all the reports of the examiner

according to statistics released by the oecd, the labor force participation rate of women aged between 25 and 54 in japan was 75. 3 percent in 2017 ; this figure is higher than that for the united states - - which is 72. 1 percent - - and the average of the g - 7 countries - - which is 73. 5 percent, with france at 75. 2 percent, germany at 80. 0 percent, and the united kingdom at 78. 1 percent. currently, the issue surrounding working women in japan is not the labor force participation rate itself, but the scarcity of opportunities for women to develop their career at work, given that many women work as part - timers or non - regular employees. however, without entry into the labor market in the first place, women cannot create career plans. i believe that, as the number of working women increases, more women will become regular employees, enabling them to develop their career ; in fact, in 2016, the ratio of women in managerial positions in establishments with 30 employees or more in japan increased, according to the fiscal 2016 basic survey of gender equality in employment management ( available only in japanese ) released on july 28, 2017 by the ministry of health, labour and welfare. chart 2 shows real purchasing power parity gdp per working - age person. as can be seen in the chart and the accompanying table, since the introduction of qqe, japan's growth rate has been the highest among the g - 7 countries, and has also been notably higher than during the preceding decade from 2002 to 2012. this means that those who want to work are increasingly able to work. chart 2 real ppp gdp per working - age person of major economies 90, 000 international dollars as of 2011 introduction of qe end of qe introduction of qqe japan united states 80, 000 united kingdom germany 70, 000 france italy 60, 000 canada 50, 000 40, 000 cy 30, 000 note : annual figures for working - age person are obtained by linear interpolation of data for every five years. figures for germany through 1990 are those for west germany. real gdp is converted by purchasing power parity ( international dollars as of 2011 ). sources : imf, " world economic outlook database " ; united nations, " world population prospects : 2017 revision. " average growth rate of the real ppp gdp per working - age person ( % ) united states united kingdom period japan germany france italy canada 2. 3 1. 7