samchain/econo-pairs-v2 huggingface dataset:
conduct to ensure that it remains relevant to the ever changing environment within the industry. this review is necessary to ensure that the dynamic nature of the banking industry does not outrun its core basic values and principles in order to maintain public confidence. finally, allow me to once again congratulate you members of uganda bankers association for this achievement. with these few remarks it is now my pleasure and honour to launch the uganda bankers association, code of conduct. i thank you.

emmanuel tumusiime - mutebile : promoting financial independence in uganda speech by mr emmanuel tumusiime - mutebile, governor of the bank of uganda, at the official opening of uganda finance trust ltd. head office at katwe and unveiling of a new corporate identity, katwe, 30 january 2008. * * * the chairman and board of directors uganda finance trust mdi ltd, the management and staff of uganda finance trust mdi ltd, invited guests, ladies and gentlemen i would like to thank uganda finance trust for inviting me to this auspicious occasion of launching the new head office, and main branch, and the unveiling of the new corporate identity of uganda finance trust ltd. i congratulate the board, management, and staff of uganda finance trust on these achievements. today's event is truly significant in the history of uganda finance trust as an institution and as a strong player in the microfinance industry. having been the pioneer microfinance institution which was started by a group of professional women in 1984, uganda finance trust is living up to its mission of “ promoting financial independence ” by providing unique financial services to low income people in uganda hence empowering them to be independent financially. the then uganda women finance trust, started as an ngo in 1984 offering microfinance business to its customers when the savings capacity of the poor was still doubted. of course in some other developing countries, it had already been proved that the poor can save and invest. uganda women finance trust focused mainly on low income households and the small scale entrepreneurs, who were least likely to receive the attention of formal financial service providers. when it became clear that the poor, even in uganda can save, more microfinance institutions emerged, but uganda women finance trust remained outstanding for its focus on reaching poor women, both in the rural and urban areas. the uganda women finance trust opened a number of branches countrywide, gaining national recognition as well as outreach and experience. in october 2004, uganda women finance trust was transformed from an ngo limited by guarantee, to uganda finance trust ( mdi ) limited, a company limited by shares. then the company obtained a licence as a microfinance deposit - taking institution in october 2005 and it became the fourth licensed mdi in the country. this not only led to uganda finance trust redesigning its operations but also it set the stage for the company to pursue financial sustainability. i am glad that the achievements so far made by uganda finance trust
central bankers ’ speeches asset managers. the financial stability board continues to work on these issues and over time presumably we will be able to refine our assessments. monetary policy turning to other policies, when the financial crisis ushered in a very serious economic downturn in late 2008, central banks around the world reduced their policy rates dramatically – in a number of cases reaching the so called “ zero bound ”. central bank balance sheet expansions were also enacted. these were initially associated with system - wide liquidity provision, but their more persistent use was an effort to provide more monetary policy support to weak economies. together with more explicit guidance about the future path of short rates, these actions were aimed at reducing rates further along the yield curve. some details differed, such as whether measures were configured to work through general capital market pricing or through the banking system, or indeed, through exchange rates. these details were determined by the institutional details of the various countries. but overall, “ nonconventional ” policies had the effect of lowering borrowing costs by pushing savers further out on the yield and risk curves. that is, they prompted a search for yield. they were supposed to do so. portfolio substitution is part of how monetary policy works. when the central bank removes low - risk ( and perhaps some not so low - risk ) financial assets from the system as a monetary policy action, its intent is that, much further out along a long chain of substitution effects, consumers and businesses will respond by purchasing real goods and services. the extent to which demand for real goods and services was increased as a result of these actions is hotly debated. in the united states, business investment as a share of gdp had largely recovered by 2015. of course, that might have happened anyway. meanwhile, investment is still below pre - crisis levels in europe. in japan, it has never recovered to levels prior to the collapse of the bubble in the early 1990s. of course, those levels may well have been unsustainably high, and we can ’ t know the counterfactual. so the debate continues. my personal view is that central bank policy at the global level was very effective at heading off a potential catastrophe after the lehman event, but was always going to have limited capacity to accelerate the recovery. that is not to say central bank policy should not have done all it could, only that we should be realistic about what it can achieve. i think the evidence is consistent with that view. but of course it is

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in the coming years, institutions both large and small that focus on risk - management fundamentals can expect to both support a growing economy and provide strong returns to shareholders.

. in addition, more than 40 percent of respondents adopted more - restrictive terms on commercial real estate loans, compared with 26 percent in november. yield spreads on corporate loans, consistent with risk premiums observed in the corporate bond market, have also widened. adjustments in standards and pricing are clearly a necessary and important part of the transition that banks must make in moving from overly optimistic assumptions to more - realistic assessments of borrower prospects. as i have said previously, however, lenders and their supervisors, should be mindful that in their zeal to make up for past excesses they do not overcompensate and inhibit or cut off the flow of credit to borrowers with credible prospects. there is doubtless an unfortunate tendency among some, i hesitate to say most, bankers to lend aggressively at the peak of a cycle and that is when the vast majority of bad loans are made. a more disciplined, less pro - cyclical, long - term approach to lending that provides higher average risk - adjusted returns to shareholders is obviously in the self - interest of banks. it is interesting to note that the length of the current expansion, coupled with the absence of problem commercial loans until recently, has led to some depreciation in both bankers'and supervisors'skill in handling weakened or troubled credits. such problems either are a faded memory or are outside the experience of some lenders and examiners, despite the serious credit work - out problems of the late 1980s and early 1990s. as a consequence, institutions have had to brushup and re - institutionalize their policies and practices for managing weakened and problem credits, and supervisors have had to similarly bolster their training programs. recent problems have also helped vividly illustrate the longstanding virtues of sound lending practices. for example, losses related to leveraged finance loans have reminded institutions that these credits present unique challenges for an institution's risk - management systems and that proper safeguards are necessary to conduct this business prudently and profitably. leveraged borrowers, by virtue of their high interest costs and dependence on third - party funding, have a diminished ability to adjust to unexpected economic events and changes in business conditions. as a consequence, leveraged credits require more - intensive tracking and monitoring than typical commercial credits to ensure that their unique risk characteristics are adequately understood and controlled by the banking organization. institutions with sound practices translate the results of their monitoring into appropriate internal ratings, classifications, and loss recognition to develop a timely and accurate picture of their institution's
shares would increase to 89 % for exports and 71 % for imports. considering the large share of the slovak foreign trade in gdp and the territorial structure of the foreign trade, the probable positive impact of the increased openness due to the emu membership ( an estimated increase of 1. 6 percentage points ) on the gdp per capita growth may oscillate around 1 %. we are also aware of disadvantages which could be connected with the emu membership. among frequently mentioned disadvantages of the euro adoption belong the ongoing process of catching up with eu levels, the insufficiently synchronised business cycles and the loss of the exchange rate stabiliser. along with this, we get the common monetary policy which is doubtful to fit to all, especially to a country with structural changes still ahead. with regard to the above mentioned possibly problematic areas, in our view, the real and nominal convergence can be seen as complementary to each other, and should be pursued in parallel. over the short period of time, a contradiction between the real and nominal convergence has become evident where gdp growth could slow down. however, at the same time, conditions for more dynamic and, mainly, sustainable growth will be created. under these conditions slovakia has a potential for the gdp grow of around 4 - 5 % in the medium term. regarding the independent monetary policy and the automatic stabiliser of the exchange rate, let me ask the question : is it possible, in such a small and open country, that they would work freely and independently? i can openly say that we do not see any serious problem in meeting all maastricht criteria in the medium - term horizon. however, what could negatively effect fulfilment of fiscal criteria and slightly postpone the process of integration is the treatment of the pension reform expenditures, which is now also in question in many associated as well as member countries. in the end, let me stress that there is a strong incentive and first steps have already been carried out in the area of structural reforms, particularly those related to the pension, health - care and social benefits policies, and decentralisation. the price distortions are expected to narrow in 2004. the plan of the ministry of finance is to lower the fiscal deficit from around 6 % in 2002 to 5 % in 2003 and to 3, 4 % in 2004, so that slovakia could be ready for the examination in 2005 or 2006. thank you for your attention.

and eventually between germany and china. thank you! bis central bankers ’ speeches
push forward, in our view, is that of crossborder supervisory coordination, particularly better information sharing between home - host supervisors should be warranted. this is particularly important as the current crisis shows that there is a need for home supervisor of global financial conglomerate and banks to recognizing that global bank ’ s local operations may be systemically important for the host economies. in closing, i would like to share with you what i believe are the key changes in our financial landscape, resulting from this global crisis. first, bank business model would likely become more conservative, placing less reliance on wholesale financing and use of leverage, while focusing more on risk management and higher liquidity buffer. consumers themselves would be more risk averse and prefer to stick with simple transactions and products. as mentioned already, regulatory framework would be strengthened, especially the use of macroprudential oversight that focuses on system - wide stability. as such, closer supervision of systemically important financial institutions, including non - banks, would be required. finally, the microprudential oversight would also be strengthened to rectify previously identified shortcomings, particularly the basel ii framework, corporate governance, and incentive misalignment. though it looks as if we could be in the process of creating a “ new world order ”, given what we have done so far in strengthening our financial sector resilience, i believe that this transition would be a smooth one and add further strength to our financial system. needless to say, a strong financial system is the backbone of sustainable economic growth in the longterm. thank you for your attention.

will work together towards preserving thailand ’ s existing savings culture, in order to keep it an integral part of thailand ’ s economic development for tomorrow and beyond. thank you.
– 800s ( b787s ) dream liners, one boeing 717 - 300 er and 10 embraer e190 aircrafts. some of us have travelled using some of these aircrafts. in west africa, the afreximbank has extended loans for building multimillion power projects and value addition in cocoa. in uganda, afreximbank during its annual general meeting ( agm ) held in kampala, uganda in 2008 extended a loan of us $ 10 million to be accessed through uganda development bank ( udb ). unfortunately, the absorption capacity of the ugandan projects remains low such that the bulk of the us $ 10 million remains unused. while there is a need to increase the value of loans extended by afreximbank through increased publicity, there is a need to encourage ugandan companies to improve their absorption capacity of these resources. in order to increase the loan amounts of afreximbank, there is a need for ugandan commercial banks to enter into collaborative relationships with afreximbank. the essence of this relationship will be to utilize the knowledge of ugandan commercial banks regarding the credit worthiness of local smes coupled with the finances of afreximbank to extend the latter ’ s footprint in uganda ’ s medium to long term credit market. i urge all those from the business community to pick lessons from this road show and devise how best to benefit from afreximbank ’ s largesse. i encourage you to attend the one - on - one meetings scheduled for this afternoon and tomorrow to further explore the opportunities for your various entities arising out of this engagement. it is now my pleasure to invite the executive vice president of the afreximbank to give his remarks. bis central bankers ’ speeches

which they can collaborate. bou and ucc are discussing the essentials to be included in the mou. future developments we envisage that mobile money will become an integral part of the national payment system. the bank of uganda act is being amended to include powers of the central bank to regulate and supervise the payment systems, and a national payment systems legislation is being developed whereby payment service providers will be licensed by the central bank. once this legislation is enacted, payment service providers will be directly licensed as payment operators. bis central bankers ’ speeches
today, we envisage many benefits to both countries. trade relationships between papua new guinea and fiji will be strengthened. we will see increased competition for banking services and products. there will also be an opportunity for capacity building as fiji staff work in other bsp branches and vice versa. we at the reserve bank of fiji look forward to working closely with bank of south pacific limited to ensure that fiji ’ s financial system is dynamic and sound. i look forward to your contribution to the economy and the financial system. once again, i congratulate you on the official opening of bank of south pacific limited and wish you every success in your operations. thank you.

inflation and foreign reserves as within acceptable and comfortable ranges. we also have a competitive and stable financial system with ample liquidity to assist us on our growth path. the challenge for us all going forward is to continue our efforts towards enhancing a conducive business environment that will bring about more business and investment opportunities while boosting the country ’ s growth potential. on that final note, i again thank mr kumar and his team for inviting me here today and congratulate asco motors for its ongoing success in fiji and wish you all another successful year ahead. vinaka vakalevu. bis central bankers ’ speeches
luis m linde : results of the comprehensive assessment of the euro area banking system address by mr luis m linde, governor of the bank of spain, at the press conference presenting the results of the comprehensive assessment of the euro area banking system, bank of spain, madrid, 26 october 2014. * 1. * * introduction we have called you here today on the occasion of the publication of the comprehensive assessment results for significant banks in the euro area, which has been conducted as a prior step to the start - up of the single supervisory mechanism on 4 november. i believe the press conference and the material published by the ecb provide a rounded view of the overall results of the exercise. the aim of this conference is to offer you an analysis of the data from the standpoint of the banco de espana, and of the spanish banking system. two clear messages emerge from the information published today : firstly, at european level, despite its great complexity, the exercise has unfolded successfully and has met its main objectives : to improve transparency regarding the situation of european banks, to identify potential weaknesses in their balance sheets and contribute to strengthening their solvency. secondly, the outcome of the comprehensive assessment highlights the fact that the reform and restructuring of the spanish banking system in recent years has borne fruit, and that spanish banks now face the future with healthy balance sheets and a sound solvency position. 2. brief description of the exercise before turning to the results, allow me briefly to recall the nature of the exercise. as you know, the comprehensive assessment comprised two components : an asset quality review and a stress test. assessing asset quality involved a detailed review of bank balance sheets to determine, among other things, whether the classification of financial instruments, provisioning levels and the valuations of specific assets are appropriate. the process, conducted in a decentralised fashion, was very complex. it required the support of leading audit firms, and was subject to stringent quality assurance, where the national supervisory authorities – in our case the banco de espana – played a very important role. as a result of this part of the exercise, adjustments were made to the level of cet1 ( i. e. maximum quality ) capital, as defined under the basel iii accord, which were taken into account to determine the starting point of the stress tests. the second key element of the comprehensive assessment was the stress test. this is an exercise that seeks to evaluate the resilience of banks in hypothetical scenarios. the stress test is an exercise basically

, isidro, the floor is yours. 3 / 3
nor shamsiah perseverance mohd yunus : mastery, adaptability and remarks by ms nor shamsiah mohd yunus, governor of the central bank of malaysia ( bank negara malaysia ), at the 2018 kijang emas scholarship award “ mastery, adaptability and perseverance ”, kuala lumpur, 21 september 2018. * * * when i entered university in australia many years ago, the times named the computer the ‘ man ( or in this case, machine ) of the year ’. it was a significant signal in public consciousness on the importance of the computer. the byline was, “ the computer moves in ”. the world then, as is now, was a world in a state of constant change. today, we see that technology is at the forefront in transforming almost every aspect of our lives. it is doing so at an unprecedented and relentless pace. this is exciting, but also for many, it brings about the feeling of trepidation, discomfort and uncertainty. therefore, as both of you begin your next chapter of your life, i encourage you to make the most of your years in university, to not only excel in your chosen discipline, but also to absorb lessons that will serve you well in life. let me just mention three today : mastery, adaptability and perseverance. first, on mastery. even in a world where knowledge decays quickly, mastering a field of knowledge is the foundation in building one ’ s expertise and credibility. mastery is not mere information accumulation. it is the ability to understand the inter - linkages between complex and evolving situations. it means being able to integrate and think critically when there are only pieces of information. it means being able to provide breadth of perspective anchored by depth. for us in bank negara malaysia, mastery of economics and finance is what helps us differentiate the ‘ signal ’ and the ‘ noise ’ in economic policymaking and financial regulation. it also helps us to differentiate the symptom and the root cause in the supervision of financial institutions. it also means learning the lessons from history and avoiding the same mistakes within the context of our operating environment. thus, i encourage you to focus and follow your curiosity in exploring the depths of your field of study. there is no end to learning, and may your thirst for knowledge drive you on. have the humility to recognise that we never stop learning. as a chinese proverb goes, “ learning is a treasure that will follow its owner everywhere.

success in life. may you pursue excellence, mastery, adaptability and persevere through every circumstances in life. in this regard, we look forward to your many future and excellent contributions to build malaysia to be a prosperous, inclusive and vibrant nation. 2 / 2 bis central bankers'speeches