juyeol lee : new year speech new year's address by mr juyeol lee, governor of the bank of korea, at the bank of korea, seoul, 3 january 2022. * * * this is an unofficial translation prepared by the bank ’ s staff based on original speech released on december 31, 2021 dear fellow members of the bank of korea! today we start our first working day of 2022. i would like to begin by expressing my heartfelt gratitude to all of you for so faithfully carrying out your duties throughout the past year under the difficult working conditions during the pandemic. our economy recovered more rapidly than expected last year amid the ongoing impacts of covid - 19. exports and facilities investment maintained buoyancy, boosted by increased global demand. the slump in consumption gradually eased despite continuing effects from the spread of the disease. consumer price inflation picked up rapidly, as international commodity prices soared and demand pressures increased in the process of economic recovery. meanwhile, concerns about worsening financial imbalances grew further, with funds concentrating into asset markets and household debt building up. in consideration of these changes, the bank of korea is gradually normalizing the monetary policy stance, which had been highly accommodative since the outbreak of the pandemic. we raised the base rate twice, and phased out temporary financial support measures deemed to have achieved their intended purposes. nevertheless, we strengthened lending programs for vulnerable groups, such as small businesses, that continue to suffer from the pandemic. the domestic economy is expected to continue steady growth this year as well, on the back of favorable exports and investment. however, uncertainties remain heightened at home and abroad. with the emergence of the new virus variant, it is still hard to predict when the pandemic will come to an end. there is also a growing concern that the elevated inflation, due to global supply chain disruptions and responses to climate change for instance, will last longer than initially expected. around the world, monetary policy normalization is proceeding at a faster pace accordingly. in addition, as competition and conflict among major economies have deepened, global value chains have changed considerably. expanded contact - free practices since the pandemic have prompted transition to digitalization in all sectors of our society. it is increasingly forecast that the chinese economy, which has strong trade links with korea, will slow as it undergoes structural change. looking at our domestic economy, there are growing concerns that the face - to - face service

selfemployed for the time being. at the same time, we should enhance the efficiency of the lending facilities and will prepare a medium - to long - term plan to improve the facilities for the postcovid - 19 era. efforts must be made in particular to maintain stability in the financial and foreign exchange markets. in response to heightened inflation, major central banks, including the us federal reserve, have either started raising interest rates or are signaling their intention to do so. as each country normalizes its monetary policy, we could see a spike in volatility of the price variables of international financial markets and of capital flows. we should closely monitor instability factors, and implement market stabilization measures in due course if needed. in addition, there is also a possibility of potential insolvencies in the household and corporate sectors materializing as various financial supports are unwound. we must constantly keep a close eye on risk factors concerning the financial system, such as borrowers ’ debt service capacity, and cooperate with the government to come up with appropriate response measures. we need to deal proactively with changes in the payment and settlement environment. in response to rapid progress toward the digital economy, we should further strengthen research on the technological and institutional aspects of adopting central bank digital currency ( cbdc ). in addition, we should set up a system to effectively monitor companies including big tech firms offering new payment services in order to ensure safety of the payment and settlement system. we must also work to promote financial inclusion to ensure that socially vulnerable groups ’ access to cash is not constrained in the course of payment and settlement innovation. we should examine the current monetary policy framework to identify any aspects requiring improvement. in this process, we should look at the possibility that inflation dynamics have undergone structural changes since the pandemic outbreak, while studying how financial stability can be considered in a more systemic manner within the current framework. in addition, efforts to review the role of the bank of korea should continue in consideration of changes in the policy 2 / 3 bis central bankers'speeches environment. we should put more thought into how important social and economic issues the central bank too cannot disregard, such as demographic changes, increased inequality and climate change, can be reflected in the operation of monetary policy. since climate change, in particular, is now an immediate challenge and no longer just a potential risk, we should seek realistic alternatives that allow the use of the bank ’ s policy instruments for the sake of smooth transition to a low - carbon