series produced by nhk [ japan broadcasting corporation ] ) to be aired in 2021. shibusawa eiichi also has a close relationship with the bank of japan, and his portrait will be printed on the new 10, 000 yen bank of japan note to be issued from 2024. ii. results of the financial literacy survey a. overview now, i would like to move on to the main topic. the central council for financial services information conducted the financial literacy survey last year. this survey was conducted for the first time in 2016 and for the second time last year with the aim of understanding the current state of financial literacy in japan. it is an online questionnaire targeting 25, 000 individuals aged 18 to 79 sampled throughout japan. the questions in the survey can be largely divided into two types ( chart 1 ). the first type of questions are true / false questions on " financial knowledge and financial decision - making skills. " these are questions with correct answers, such as, " if interest rates rise, what will typically happen to bond prices? " the correct answer is, " they will fall. " the other type of questions are those on " characteristics of behavior and attitude. " these questions ask the respondents how much each of the given statements, such as, " i set long - term financial goals and strive to achieve them, " apply to them personally. these questions have no correct answer, and ask the respondents about their current state or attitude. next, i will introduce some interesting points and implications from the results of the 2019 survey. b. survey results 1. percentage of correct answers given to true / false questions looking at the percentage of correct answers given to the 25 true / false questions, the nationwide average was 56. 6 percent, an increase of 1 percentage point on the previous 2016 survey ( chart 2 ). the percentage of correct answers rose in all categories of the financial literacy map, including family budget management and financial knowledge. also, the percentages increased in almost all regions. in other words, financial literacy in japan has risen moderately overall over the past three years. by age group, the percentage of correct answers tended to be higher for older age groups. this confirms that people's financial literacy increases with various experiences through life and with more opportunity to engage in financial transactions and acquire financial and economic information. how does the level of financial literacy in japan compare with that in other countries? when comparing the percentage of correct answers given to the 11 common questions asked in the financial

- reaching future effects. therefore, global action and continuous efforts into the future are required if we are to overcome these externalities. various groups and organizations that make up society will need to take responsible action for the sake of the planet. firms have been acting to reduce greenhouse gas emissions under their own initiative, while at the same time maintaining their accountability to a wide range of stakeholders, such as investors and consumers, through disclosure and other means. financial institutions have also played an important role. they have been stepping up their efforts in such areas as green finance and supporting firms from the financial side. consumers have also become more conscious of the environment, using reusable shopping bags and energy efficient electronic appliances, and purchasing electric vehicles. in terms of policy responses to solve climate change issues, governments and legislative bodies play an important role. many countries have been setting greenhouse gas reduction targets and implementing initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to a socially optimal level. these 1 / 6 bis central bankers'speeches initiatives include reviewing regulations or introducing carbon pricing, such as emissions trading and carbon taxes, through which the costs of climate change will be explicitly reflected in the decision making of firms and households. the japanese government has declared its aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in japan to net - zero and achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. it has also stated that, under its “ green growth strategy, ” it will promote policies that contribute to growth centered on decarbonization, including carbon pricing. in this way, through the active initiatives of firms and households, together with the government ’ s measures, the externalities of climate change that were originally not recognized are now gradually becoming reflected and “ internalized ” in the decision making of a wide range of agents. the key to addressing climate change issues is how to reinforce these trends. ii. overseas initiatives in recent years, climate change has been a major issue not only at central bank governors ’ meetings, as i mentioned earlier, but also at various international forums and organizations. created under the financial stability board ( fsb ), which monitors and makes recommendations about the global financial system, the task force on climate - related financial disclosures ( tcfd ) published its final report in 2017 on recommendations for climate - related financial disclosures. these recommendations are being followed by an increasing number of firms, and japan now has the largest number of firms supporting the tcfd recommendations. also in 2017, the network of central banks and supervisors for greening the financial system ( ngfs )