samchain/econo-pairs-v2 huggingface dataset:
. dollars with longer maturities, and increasing the frequency of the provision ; the bank has provided u. s. dollars worth more than 20 trillion yen. active purchases of etfs and j - reits ( doubling the purchasing paces ) < for the time being > ・ purchase etfs and j - reits at annual paces with the upper limit of about 12 trillion yen and about 180 billion yen, respectively further active purchases of jgbs and t - bills ・ conduct further active purchases of both jgbs and t - bills for the time being, with a view to maintaining stability in the bond market and stabilizing the entire yield curve at a low level ・ purchase a necessary amount of jgbs without setting an upper limit so that 10 - year jgb yields will remain at around zero percent

price situation ; and its basic thinking on the conduct of monetary policy. market participants can form expectations regarding future interest rates by adjusting their views of the economy and prices on the basis of such information, while central banks can deduce market participants'views regarding the economy and prices from market interest rates and yield curves. what we have in mind in terms of communicating with the market is such a two - way exchange of information. hinting at the actual timing of the policy change is generally inadvisable. if such a hint were made, market participants would carry out transactions based not on their own views of the economy and prices but in response to the bank's hint, and this would result in a breakdown of the two - way exchange of information. furthermore, at many central banks, including the bank of japan, policy decisions are made after thorough discussion among members of the policy meeting, culminating in a vote. in the absence of such discussion, to indicate whether or not a policy change will take place or to set a particular schedule for policy changes is inconceivable. based on such an understanding of communication between the central bank and the markets, the bank will stick closely to its principle of carefully explaining to the public its assessment of the economy and prices, and its basic thinking regarding the conduct of monetary policy. meanwhile, to further facilitate meaningful communication with the market, we trust that the bank's understanding in this regard will be widely recognized by market participants. concluding remarks i have discussed the outlook for economic activity and prices, and our basic thinking on the conduct of monetary policy along with some issues related to communication with the market. the bank will publish a new outlook report later this month in which our projections for the economy and prices up to fiscal 2008 will be released. in addition, the " understanding of medium - to long - term price stability " will come up for its first annual reexamination since the introduction of the " new framework for the conduct of monetary policy. " the bank will take advantage of such opportunities to further refine this framework and will continue to contribute to the achievement of sustainable economic growth under price stability through the appropriate conduct of monetary policy.
about monetary policy, although its estimates are highly uncertain and it is, therefore, not a concrete policymaking tool. unlike academics, we policymakers don't have the privilege to simply say that r * cannot be measured – we need an educated guesstimate. 1 / 2 bis - central bankers'speeches generally, estimates of r * for the euro area are now slightly above zero, between 0 and 1. the bank of finland researchers estimate it to be in the range of 0. 2 % to 0. 8 %. this is in the same ballpark, if somewhat above, as the new york fed's estimate of r * for the euro area, made with its broadly recognized holston - laubach - williams model. 1 against this backdrop, current market data and simple ( or simplified ) maths seem to imply that we would leave restrictive territory sometime in the springwinter next year 2025. but that is just an observation from my side, not a commitment. my commitment is instead to our inflation target and reaction function, as discussed earlier. before concluding, one final point. geopolitics, especially russia's illegal war in ukraine, the conflict in the middle east and china's strategic ambitions, is overshadowing the economic outlook in europe. it is also seriously affecting the operational environment for monetary policy – and will probably continue to do so for years, if not decades. so far, we have witnessed a certain retreat but not a broad - based reversal of globalization. the specifics of us trade policy under the incoming new administration are still unknown, but what we do know is that the significant import duties spoken of could have detrimental ramifications for the world economy. what should we make of all this? first, a new trade war is the last thing we need amid today's geopolitical rivalries – especially among allies. if a trade war were to start, europe must not be unprepared, as it was in 2018. second, the political turmoil in germany and france underscores the importance of the european commission in providing leadership and direction for europe. the eurosystem must, within its mandate, act as an anchor for economic and financial stability in this landscape of great challenges. no one should doubt that we will shoulder this responsibility in full. thank you very much for your attention! i look forward to the panel discussion. 1 kortelainen, m. and vilmi, l. ( 2024 )

various services provided by the rbi regulated entities like banks, nbfcs and payment system operators. the existing ombudsman schemes are being integrated into a single scheme which will offer the benefit of a single platform to customers for getting speedy resolution of their grievances. this integrated scheme will reinforce confidence and trust in the financial system. 6. the launching of these two citizen centric initiatives today will provide further impetus to our journey towards a more inclusive and responsive financial system. i once again extend a warm welcome to all the dignitaries, participants and viewers. thank you. 1 / 1 bis central bankers'speeches
2020. see federal reserve banks, small business credit survey : 2021 report on firms owned by people of color ( pdf ) ( federal reserve banks, 2021 ). nonemployer firms include the selfemployed, freelancers, and independent contractors. 5 federal reserve banks, small business credit survey. 6 see hanna love and mike powe, “ rural small businesses need local solutions to survive, ” research brief, metropolitan policy program ( washington : brookings institution, december 2020 ). 7 see michael j. martin, “ for the first time, census bureau data show impact of geography, income on broadband internet access, " america counts, december 6, 2018. 8 see alvaro sanchez, toward digital inclusion : broadband access in the third federal reserve district ( philadelphia : federal reserve bank of philadelphia, march 2020 ). 4 / 4 bis central bankers'speeches

. thank you not only for serving as a role model for your peers in high school but also for being exemplars for us all. now, because we are in the midst not only of baseball season but also of graduation season, i would like to touch briefly on the theme of education. the saddest aspect of josh gibson's story is that he had talent but was denied an opportunity. then as now, the principal path to opportunity is through education. as an economist, i am persuaded that a strong educational system – one that promotes lifetime learning and skill development – is a critical factor in our nation's prosperity. the economic importance of education will only increase as technology advances and as the global economy becomes increasingly integrated and complex. but education is important for non - economic reasons as well. by providing us with a broader view of the world, education helps each of us become the most complete person we can be. many – i hope all – of the young people here today will continue their education, and i hope it leads them to work that brings financial success. but i also hope it cultivates their creativity and appreciation for other cultures and leads them to work they find personally satisfying and meaningful. i know it will help them continue to demonstrate the kind of leadership that they have already shown. perhaps, as they acquire a deeper knowledge of places and times other than their own and a fuller understanding of people from backgrounds other than their own, it will also lead them to contribute positively at the national or international levels, as they already have done in their schools and local communities. but this evening, i don't think we should dwell entirely on the future. i hope each of the honorees will take pride in what he or she has already achieved and will celebrate that achievement with family and friends. congratulations to all of you.
this digital future might ( or might not! ) look like. the green transformation of the economy may be an even bigger revolution. 180 billion euros : that is the estimated additional annual investment needed in the european union to meet its climate targets for the year 2030. for this to succeed, we need funding, we need fundable projects and we need them to connect. once the conditions are in place, and we are slowly but surely getting there, it will create tremendous opportunities for banks with the alertness and the capacity for change. but just so i ’ m not in any danger of sounding like a consultant rather than a watchful supervisor, it ’ s high time to introduce the word “ risk ”. for we are not of course entering the garden of eden. there are plenty of dangerous - looking creatures lurking in the undergrowth, that always threaten to spoil the party. one of them, called brexit, is just a few weeks. over the past year you have been active in mapping out and managing brexit - related risks. ensuring that in the event of a hard brexit, the continuity of your services will not be jeopardized, and you will not be exposed to material risks. still, we need to be vigilant for this impact in the coming weeks. and then we have the ‘ animals ’ that are all too familiar to us, like the risk of an economic downturn and a change in risk perceptions in financial markets. you know them, we know them, and i will not discuss them in detail now. but apart from these more mainstream risks, as i perhaps somewhat disrespectfully refer to them, today i would like to focus on some specific challenges. three serious challenges that need to be met, in order to be ready for the new banking future. 1st challenge : aml / cft first of all, after all that happened last year, i cannot speak about banking supervision in general without mentioning aml / cft. last year, a significant number of banks came under public and political scrutiny, because they failed to fulfill their role as gate - keepers in the fight against financial crime. by doing so, banks are risking large fines for breaking the law, they run the risk of facilitating all kinds of crime that undermine the fabric of society, including terrorism and they are also undermining trust in the integrity of the financial sector. this has to change. and i have spoken at length with many of you

night is also celebrated in sweden on april 30th. the night of the bonfire. a celebration of spring, new life and a brighter future. well, if we keep learning from the past, from our experiences with shocks and challenges – if we, like alfred nobel said, keep searching for similarities and differences to expand our knowledge, then i am sure we are heading, indeed, towards a brighter future. thank you. 5 / 5 bis - central bankers'speeches
banca d ’ italia.

the need for measures meant not to alleviate the difficulties of some specific bank but rather designed to reduce the impact of the deep and protracted recession that has hit the italian economy since the global financial crisis : a solution that had been importantly adopted in other countries, evidently under a different regime and interpretation of the role of state aid rules. as a consequence, last january the italian ministry of economy and finance has reached an agreement with the european commission on a government guarantee scheme for senior tranches of securitised bad loans ( the so called gacs ). these guarantees comply with state aid rules as they are set up so not to be in contrast with what could be considered as market prices for npls, even if in italy a deep and well established secondary market for npls does not exist. therefore, the agreement marks a step toward the establishment of such a market, and also helps by ending the uncertainty accumulated over previous months. other measures recently adopted by the italian authorities are also meant to address the root causes of the high stock of npls. those on fiscal deductibility of provisioning have removed a penalising tax treatment of italian banks. last summer a first set of measures on bankruptcy and foreclosure proceedings were adopted to speed up credit recovery. the delays and widespread obstacles to court and out - of - court settlement of disputes are in fact a very important reason for the very high stock of npls in banks ’ balance sheets : a reduction of two years in credit recovery times could even lead to halving the level of bad debts as a share of the total. feedback from market operators indicates that some effects are beginning to be seen. in the last weeks, a private alternative investment fund ( atlante, managed by an independent italian asset management company ) has been first set up and then formally launched, with a twofold purpose. first, it is meant to support rights issues of italian banks to reduce the risk that in the light of the current difficult market environment such issues would fail, with potential spillover effects to other italian banks and ultimately to the entire economy ( and there has already been a case where substantial support has been provided ). second, it could invest in bad loans ( mainly junior and possibly also mezzanine tranches of securitised bad loans ) at prices that may benefit from the organisation, expertise and servicing available within the banking system. the fund has raised resources ( more than €4bn ) from italian and foreign investors ( banks, insurance
and to noro and munda police that provide overall security for the program. but our thanks go to all of you school children and teachers of both noro and munda primary schools who are part of this program this week. you have made solomon islands proud by registering in the map that we too are part of this global money week. finally, to my staff who have been working to ensure that we celebrate this day as opportunity to learn and have fun. let us make global money week celebration here at noro a memorable occasion. let us all learn, save and earn. god bless all. thank you.

luke forau : 2023 annual report launch statement by mr luke forau, governor of the central bank of solomon islands, at the launch of the 2023 cbsi annual report, honiara, 22 april 2024. * * * permanent secretary of finance and treasury ; heads of financial institutions ; representatives of the diplomatic corps ; senior government officials ; central bank board of directors ; heads of statutory authorities ; representatives of non - governmental organizations ; representatives of the private sector ; representatives of the media ; distinguished guests ; ladies and gentlemen good morning! it gives me great pleasure to warmly welcome you all this morning to the launch of the central bank's 2023 annual report. thank you for accepting our invitation and for honoring us with your presence today. this morning, i will provide you a brief assessment on the economic performance of our country in 2023, and offer some insights into future prospects in 2024 and beyond. then i'd like to focus on something that i think is relevant for the next government to take on board for a possible path for the economy to prosper. i will then finish off by highlighting some key operations of the bank last year, as a way of informing the public about what we do, as a means of being transparent and accountable for our actions. as you are aware, last week the country had a national general election to elect members of parliament for the 12th parliament. as i speak, counting of some ballot boxes is still continuing. we offer our hearty congratulations to the successful candidates. the next important one is the formation of the executive government. with that in mind, i'd like to underscore that our economy is at the crossroad ; the road to economic prosperity is not going to be easy. despite rebounding from the recession caused by the pandemic, the country's current economic environment remains precarious. against this background, my theme for this year is : " the time is now : taking bold action to level up growth in solomon islands ". 1 / 8 bis - central bankers'speeches today, the global landscape has changed from what it was in the pre - covid19 era, and we must adapt accordingly, or risk lagging behind. now is the time to take critical action to realize our growth potential,'levelling up'the quality and inclusiveness of our economic growth in the midst of uncertainties. there is no better time than now to seriously address the country's dire economic situation.
anselmo l s teng : financial innovation and the win - win outcome for the regional economy speech by mr anselmo l s teng, chairman of the monetary authority of macao, at the pan pearl river delta regional cooperation and development financial forum, in chang sha, hunan province, 9 june 2007. * * * honourable officials, dear representatives, ladies & gentlemen, i am pleased to have the opportunity to participate in today ’ s forum. on behalf of the monetary authority of macao, i would like to share with you some viewpoints on the theme – “ financial innovation and the win - win outcome for the regional economy. ” on this occasion, i would like to thank the elaborate planning and assiduous efforts displayed by the financial academies from nine provinces in organizing this forum and the meticulous arrangement made by the organizers and coorganizers. here, i sincerely wish this forum a great success in materializing the objective of a win - win outcome for the region. first, i would like to update you on macao ’ s economic and financial status. then, i will share with you some of my views on the main theme. as it is commonly known, the macao special administrative region is small with a rather limited economic capacity. nevertheless, since the return to the motherland, the macao sar is capable of achieving rapid economic growth with record achievement noted in the financial sector. this favourable result is attributed to the auspices of the central government and the fraternity of the provinces, cities and regions. in the first quarter of 2007, we achieved a real gdp growth of 25. 6 %, after having attained 16. 6 % in 2006. rapid growth in foreign direct investment, private consumption and tourism services were the main propellers for the economic performance. besides, we witness that the policies and measures diligently pursued by the msar government for proper economic diversification is taking shape. apart from gaming, other forms of tourism such as corporate travel, culture and leisure, sports, convention and exhibition have been growing briskly. meanwhile, change is also observed in the source of inbound tourists. traditionally, china, hong kong and chinese taiwan are the major source of inbound tourists. today, tourists coming from east asia, europe, the u. s. a., japan, korea and australia have been growing at a faster pace. other business sectors, including the financial sector, also enjoy better growth opportunities in the face of substantial gains recorded in overall

through macao as the intermediary the above is a summary of my basic viewpoints on the theme of this forum. it provides merely food for thought which i hope can lead to further elaboration from the audience. thank you!
was assessed to be in high compliance with the relevant principles. with the gradual and purposeful implementation of the banking sector reforms over the past decade, the indian banking system has shown significant improvement on various parameters, has become robust and displayed ample resilience to shocks in the economy. there is therefore, ample evidence of the capacity of the indian banking system to migrate smoothly to basel ii.

% of the investment portfolio, both in the afs and hft categories plus a 2. 5 % risk weight on the entire investment portfolio - whereas basel norms take into account only the trading portfolio. rbi ’ s involvement in basel ii rbi ’ s association with the basel committee on banking supervision dates back to 1997 as india was among the 16 non - member countries that were consulted in the drafting of the basel core principles. reserve bank of india became a member of the core principles liaison group in 1998 and subsequently became a member of the core principles working group on capital. within the cpwg, rbi has been actively participating in the deliberations on the accord and had the privilege to lead a group of 6 major non g - 10 supervisors which presented a proposal on a simplified approach for basel ii to the committee. the basel committee on banking supervision is yet to issue the final basel ii document. the reserve bank ’ s comments on the 3rd consultative document on the new capital accord on the basis of the quantitative impact studies ( qis 3 ) undertaken in co - ordination with select banks has brought out the need for more simplicity and greater flexibility on account of the different levels of preparedness of the banking system in india. policy approach in general, keeping in view the rbi ’ s goal to have consistency and harmony with international standards and our approach to adopt the pace as may be appropriate in the context of our country specific needs, the rbi had in april 2003 itself accepted in principle to adopt the new capital accord basel ii. the rbi has announced, in its annual policy statement in may 2004 that banks in india should examine in depth the options available under basel ii and draw a road - map by end december 2004 for migration to basel ii and review the progress made thereof at quarterly intervals. the reserve bank will be closely monitoring the progress made by banks in this direction. hence, at a minimum all banks in india, to begin with, will adopt standardized approach for credit risk and basic indicator approach for operational risk. after adequate skills are developed, both in banks and at supervisory levels, some banks may be allowed to migrate to irb approach. regulatory initiatives the regulatory initiatives taken by the reserve bank of india include : • ensuring that the banks have suitable risk management framework oriented towards their requirements dictated by the size and complexity of business, risk philosophy, market perceptions and the expected level of capital. the framework adopted by banks would need to be adaptable to changes in business size, market dynamics and introduction of innovative products by banks