samchain/econo-pairs-v2 huggingface dataset:
society, labour unions, investor groups, etc. as earlier alluded to, one of the tenets of good corporate citizenship is transparency and accountability. on the part of the councils, the major challenge they face in this regard is the delivery of quality service to their clients, which is underpinned by better management of resources. in conclusion, chairperson, ladies and gentlemen, in the interest of enhancing the competitiveness of business and maximise the value of wealth creation in mufulira district in particular and zambia as a whole, companies are urged to make social responsibility an integral part of the wealth creation process. i am confident that the zambian business community shall appreciate the benefits that accrue to both the company and its stakeholders in this vein, and hope i shall one day have the honour of being present at the first event to award deserving entities in this noble sphere. i thank you all.

k1. 5 billion from k250 million. i wish to urge all leasing companies to make sure that they take steps to meet the required minimum capital. let me conclude by paying tribute to the organisers of this seminar, sapitwa finance. mr sudhir amembal the principal resource person is a renowned authority in leasing, having undertaken various leasing consultancies and training worldwide and being an author of various leasing publications and books. i am very grateful that he has found time to come to zambia and share his vast experiences with us. i am glad to note that this seminar has brought together key players in the economy and other stakeholders. i thank you for your attention.
by the printing and publishing division of the bank of italy

hearing more about your findings on big data and machine learning, and their applications for central banks and policy analysis. it is important that this workshop brings together researchers from central banks and academia, who can provide a broad variety of perspectives. i am sure we will have two productive and interesting days. see g. bruno, p. cerchiello, j. marcucci, and g. nicola, ‘ twitter sentiment and banks ’ equities : is there any causal link? ’. see m. loberto, a. luciani, and m. pangallo, ‘ the potential of big housing data : an application to the italian real estate market ’, based on data from www. immobiliare. it. references accornero m. and m. moscatelli, 2018, “ listening to the buzz : social media sentiment and retail depositors ’ trust ”, bank of italy working paper, no. 1165. angelico c., j. marcucci, m. miccoli and f. quarta, 2018, “ can we measure inflation expectations using twitter? ”, mimeo. bruno g., p. cerchiello, j. marcucci and g. nicola, 2018, “ twitter sentiment and banks ’ equities : is there any causal link? ”, mimeo. cavallo a., 2013, “ online and official price indexes : measuring argentina ’ s inflation ”, journal of monetary economics, 60 ( 2 ) : 152 - 165. daas p. j. h. and m. j. h. puts, 2014, “ social media sentiment and consumer confidence ”, ecb statistics paper series, n. 5. d ’ amuri f. and j. marcucci, 2017, “ the predictive power of google searches in forecasting us unemployment ”, international journal of forecasting, 33 ( 4 ) : 801 - 816. goolsbee a. d. and p. j. klenow, 2018, “ internet rising, prices falling : measuring inflation in a world of e - commerce ”, stanford university working paper. loberto m., a. luciani and m. pangallo, 2018, “ the potential of big housing data : an application to the italian real estate market ”, mimeo. lohr s., 2012, how big data became so big, the new york times, 11 august 2012. designed
efforts from the financial front. the bank will consistently make contributions as a central bank so that japan ’ s economy will emerge from deflation and return to the sustainable growth path with price stability. bis central bankers ’ speeches concluding remarks i have today talked such issues as medium - to long - term challenges to japan ’ s economy. i strongly hope that japan will meet those challenges in the near future and restore its luster. at that time, i believe that the word “ japanization ” would be used in an exact opposite meaning. bis central bankers ’ speeches

. the problem is that such efforts do not always work. if so, the supply of risk money that supports such efforts will become critical. in that regard, restructuring of the financial function that will replace the traditional main - bank system and mortgage - backed loans is only half done. bis central bankers ’ speeches direction for strengthening growth potential looking at the medium - to long - term future of japan ’ s economy, the pace of decline in the working - age population is projected to further accelerate. the economic growth rate can be divided into the growth rate of workers and the rate of productivity growth per worker. the acceleration of a decline in the working - age population in the future implies that there will be greater declining pressure on the number of workers. to avoid a downtrend in the growth rate in such situation, it is necessary to stave off a decline in the number of workers. given that an increase in population and immigration is difficult in the short run, realistically, it is necessary to make efforts to encourage the employment of potential labor force. in particular, it is critical to solve the so - called “ m - shaped curve ” problem that women ’ s labor participation rate declines after marriage and childbirth, and raise woman ’ s labor participation rate. it is also necessary to increase opportunities for healthy elderly people to work. those measures alone have their limitations. without an increase in productivity, a decline in the growth rate cannot be staved off. to raise women ’ s and elderly people ’ s labor participation rates, some measures, including the expansion of part - time workers and men ’ s childcare leave, which will rather result in reducing productivity per worker, will become necessary. to overcome such adversities and clearly increase the rate of productivity growth is no easy matter. to begin with, now that japan is trying to fight against a headwind of a continued decline in population over several decades and aging, we need to have resolution to convert our sense of value and reconstructing an economic society. those are daunting tasks, but, as i have explained, the directions of the tasks have become clear to some extent. let me summarize again. first, in order to benefit from the positive effects of globalization, open our country as much as possible. we need to increase not only trade but also the inbound and outbound traffic of capital and people. in addition to tourism and medical care, it is important to enhance the openness in various areas including education,
that well behaved borrowers may easily have access to credit. b. a good credit information system also enables well behaved borrowers to get cheaper credit in terms of low interest. this is because if the lender is satisfied with the credit record of a customer it will be willing to charge the customer reasonable interest rates. at the same time, it contributes to financial discipline at an individual level because those who are not disciplined to pay back borrowed money will have difficulties getting credit and if they get it, they will pay a high price. c. a good credit information system contributes to financial stability. armed with consolidated records in the credit information system, regulators are better equipped bis central bankers ’ speeches to assess the indebtedness of all individuals in the country. this enables regulators to be in a position to determine whether or not the financial stability of the country is under threat and whether or not necessary action needs to be undertaken to contain the situation. the second issue, i would like to talk about today is whether or not credit bureau are illegal in namibia. this issue has been a subject of speculation in the media recently. the bank of namibia ’ s view is that the existing credit bureaus in namibia are legal entities registered in accordance with the relevant laws by the ministry of trade and industry. that means they are not illegal. what is missing in our legal system at the moment is a specific law regulating how these entities should manage the information under their care. this will be my next point, the third issue i would like to talk about. how should credit bureau be regulated going forward? ladies and gentlemen, as required in the nfss i cited earlier, the bank of namibia conducted a study on the organisation of credit bureaus in namibia. the study recommended that credit bureau be regulated through a specific regulations of credit bureaus. to this end, the bank of namibia has commenced the process of drafting the credit bureau regulations. we believe these regulations will be in force before the end of the year. in few days, the draft regulation will be available for public scrutiny and comments. we invite all stakeholders to present their input to bank of namibia in this regard. the regulation of credit bureaus through regulations is an interim arrangement pending the finalization of the comprehensive consumer credit legislation, which is envisaged to be in place in the medium term. in conclusion, let me once again commend finmark trust for organizing this important workshop and we keenly await the outcome. i look forward to a day

when namibia will be rated as one of the countries with the best credit information system in the world, where a credit score can be produced in five minutes. i believe this is possible if we all work together and we owe this to the future of our children. thank you for your kind attention. bis central bankers ’ speeches
central bank approach to innovation engagement in financial services november 2023 5 / 6 bis - central bankers'speeches 7 see campa, digital finance : confidence and resilience as a foundation for well - functioning financial markets january 2024 8 see donnery, maintaining stability in the face of volatility – financial regulation in a rapidly changing world november 2023 6 / 6 bis - central bankers'speeches

www. centralbank. ie / news / article / speech - managing - risk - rebuilding - resilience - governor - gabriel - makhlouf - 11 - feb - 2021 3 / 7 11 / 02 / 2021 " managing risk, rebuilding resilience " governor gabriel makhlouf our supervisory approach has been focused on identifying all groups of impacted policies where, in our view, the relevant contractual provisions provide cover for covid - 19 related interruption or interference to businesses. our aim was to ensure system - wide issues affecting groups of customers were identi ed and addressed by rms. the work included a comprehensive regulatory and legal analysis of more than 250 different policy types across more than 30 insurers, to determine whether the cover provided under each policy should operate in the speci c circumstances of covid - 19. we have made clear to rms where our view that ‘ cover ’ or ‘ causation ’ existed did not coincide with theirs. as a result of our supervisory interventions, a number of insurers have already accepted and commenced settling claims. this occurred and was ongoing prior to the recent court judgment. last week ’ s judgment is welcome and signi cant, and will reinforce our system - wide supervisory action. we have been clear that where a relevant court outcome has a bene cial impact for similar customers, rms should take urgent action to ensure those customers bene t from the nal outcome. we continue to expect that rms honour and pay valid claims and do so urgently. we expect that, where there is doubt about how policies are worded, rms will interpret them in favour of their customers. in short, insurers must adopt a customer - rst approach to the resolution of these issues and where they fail to do so, the central bank has taken and will take appropriate action, using all our legal powers as appropriate. let me make it clear to the insurers involved : we ’ ve been clear with you on cases where valid cover exists. the uk courts have been clear with you. and now the irish courts have been clear with you. any continuing failure to do the right thing by your customers is inexcusable and we won ’ t hesitate to take action accordingly. none of us can afford to take our eyes off medium - term vulnerabilities and rebuilding resilience to future shocks. the pandemic has proven the bene ts of building - up stocks of resilience. while now is the
the euro exhibition, now on display in its sixth location, is to give citizens of all ages the opportunity to learn about the euro. the exhibition provides information on the designs of the euro banknotes and coins. the seven different denominations of the euro banknotes represent our common heritage, showing different european architectural styles from different ages. the banknotes also depict bridges, which symbolise the connection between the people of europe. the exhibition also explains the history of money, as well as the technologically advanced security features, which make the banknotes difficult to forge, but counterfeits easy to recognise. genuine and fake banknotes are on display, and the exhibition also comprises interactive elements and films. in addition, there is a kids ’ corner, which features some more fun ways of learning about the euro, but is by no means only for children! dear governor mersch, your excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, i sincerely hope that you will enjoy your visit to the euro exhibition. it is a pleasure for me to declare the exhibition open.

policy become more effective?, the review of economics and statistics, 88 ( 3 ) : 445 - 462, ( january 2003 ) nber working paper series, no. 9459. ciccarelli, m. and mojon, b. ( 2005 ), global inflation, ecb working paper series, no. 537. dedola, l. ( 2006 ), global imbalances and “ excess liquidity ” : is there a link?, ecb, directorate general research, research bulletin, no. 4. detken, c. ( 2006 ), “ comment on the bond yield “ conundrum ” from a macro - finance perspective ” monetary and economic studies, 24 ( s - 1 ), institute for monetary and economic studies, bank of japan, pp. 109 - 119. devereux, m. b. and sutherland, a. ( 2007 ), financial globalization and monetary policy, discussion paper series no. 6147, international macroeconomics, centre for economic policy research. engler, p., fidora, m. and thimann, c. ( 2007 ), external imbalances and the us current account : do supply - side changes lessen the exchange rate adjustment? mimeo, ecb. european central bank ( a ), financial stability review ( forthcoming june 2007 ). european central bank ( b ), monthly bulletin article, ( forthcoming july 2007 ), interpreting monetary developments since mid - 2004. ferguson, r., hartmann, p., panetta, f., portes, r. ( 2007 ), international financial stability, draft report prepared for icmb conference, geneva, 3 - 4 may. ferrero, g., nobili, a. and passiglia, p. ( 2007 ), the sectoral distribution of money supply in the euro area, temi di discussione, banca d ’ italia. frankel, j. ( 2006 ), what do economists mean by globalization? implications for inflation and monetary policy, written for academic consultants meeting, board of governors of the federal reserve system. fratzscher, m., juvenal, l. and sarno, l. ( 2007 ), asset prices, exchange rates and the current account, ecb, mimeo, march. giannone, d., lenza, m. and reichlin, l. ( 2007 ), the equilibrium level of the world real
the commercial banks and the bank of papua new guinea. thank you bis central bankers ’ speeches

loi m bakani : corporate governance speech by mr loi m bakani, governor of the bank of papua new guinea, at the png institute of directors workshop, port moresby, 16 – 17 july 2012. * * * introduction welcoming remarks • directors and official of png institute of directors ( pngid ), • facilitator of the workshop, mendhurst associates, mr. john mendzela • participants of licenced financial institutions • ladies and gentlemen before i begin, i would like to thank png institute of directors ( pngid ) for hosting this workshop and for the opportunity to address the participants on a common interest which is to enhance corporate governance in our institutions. corporate governance i know you all have now appreciated that good governance is important in every organizations and that the lack of it results in poor management and performance of institutions. we all should know ( because its public information ) the bad experiences in the recent past as a result of bad governance. for example, the demise of our former government bank, png banking corporation ( pngbc ) and three of our superannuation funds namely, defence force retirement benefit fund and former public officers superannuation fund ( posf ) and national provident fund ( npf ) were involved in bad management or questionable investments that resulted in three separate commission of inquiries. the financial sector reforms that took place in 2000 resulted in amendments to the central banking act and the bank and financial institutions act. this was followed by the enactment of the superannuation and life insurance act. these reforms established the independence of the central bank and enabled effective and stringent regulations. with greater independence comes greater accountability and transparency on the part of the central bank and the governor. in addition to the monetary policy responsibilities, regulatory and supervisory powers of the bank were also enhanced. the central bank now has powers to issue rules, regulations, directives and prudential standards and to take timely interventions to ensure that bad governance and unacceptable management practices are deterred. the new standard on corporate governance was drafted as a result of various onsite prudential reviews conducted by the bank since the financial sector reform in 2000. in all its findings, the lack of good corporate governance was the key central theme. the bank emphasizes that the board is ultimately responsible for governance of financial institutions, for employing the right persons in management positions and ensuring that the business functions and their risks are managed in line with board expectations and in such a
our economies – like trade and smes – even as we address the limitations in banks ’ internal models. if we do this right, we would have made more progress than ever before – towards a banking system that : • is safe yet purposeful, resilient yet dynamic ; • is robust in the face of business cycles and market volatilities, and supports economic growth and creates opportunities for individuals and enterprises. thank you. bis central bankers ’ speeches

ravi menon : introducing agustin carstens introductory remarks by mr ravi menon, managing director of the monetary authority of singapore, at the monetary authority of singapore lecture 2013, singapore, 5 february 2013. * * * dr agustin carstens, emeritus senior minister goh chok tong, ambassadors, distinguished guests, friends and colleagues, good morning. 1. welcome to seventh mas lecture. 2. since its launch in march 2000, mas lecture has provided platform for distinguished members of international financial community to offer perspectives on significant economic and financial issues of the day. 3. and today, we are honoured to have as our speaker, dr agustin carstens, governor of the banco de mexico. dr carstens has an outstanding record of service and achievement in his country as well as on the international scene. 4. he was a deputy managing director at international monetary fund between 2003 and 2006. from 2006 to 2009, he was mexico ’ s minister for finance. and in 2009, he was appointed governor of banco de mexico, returning to an institution where he had started his career and served with distinction in several key positions. 5. dr carstens ’ topic today is the quest for successful policy responses to sovereign crises. it is a topic that he is eminently qualified to expound upon. 6. as a former minister for finance, he would be familiar with issues related to sovereign debt and fiscal policy. and as a life - long central banker, he has dealt with crises first - hand. mexico ’ s transformation from a nation racked by repeated financial crises to one enjoying healthy economic growth, low inflation, and remarkable financial stability owes in no small part to tireless efforts of dr carstens and his colleagues in central bank and mexican government. 7. i have had the privilege of interacting with agustin at many international meetings over the last two years, at the bis, imf, fsb, and others. when agustin speaks, people listen. his interventions at meetings are always insightful – balanced, thoughtful, and reasonable. he is an articulate spokesperson for the challenges and concerns of emerging market economies. and occasionally a well - meaning and constructive critic of policies in the advanced economies. and agustin does all this with an abundance of grace, courtesy, and respect for everyone around him – a gentleman even by the high standards of central bankers. 8. ladies and gentlemen, please join me in warmly welcoming dr agustin carstens. bis central bankers ’ speeches
baseline forecast, this year the average key rate will generally equal 4. 8 – 5. 4 % p. a., 5. 3 – 6. 3 % p. a. next year, and 5 – 6 % p. a. in 2023, which is in line with the range of the long - term neutral key rate. by publishing the path of the key rate, we increase the transparency of our communication, which will ultimately improve the efficiency of monetary policy. thank you for your attention. 3 / 3 bis central bankers'speeches

monetary nature of inflation. it is the fast rebound of aggregate demand exceeding the capacity to expand supply that has sped up price growth. as demand is high, this enables producers to pass through their increased costs to end - user prices. production costs have really risen. specifically, the growth of world prices for raw products ( primarily, for wheat, steel, oil, and timber ) has boosted production costs of many goods and services in the consumer basket. for instance, global steel prices have surged by 50 – 70 % over six months. prices for this metal impact prices for cars, household appliances, construction materials, garden tools, and other goods. these trends are also typical of a range of other products and services. however, i would like to repeat once again : it is the rapid recovery of aggregate demand that makes it possible to pass through costs to price growth. taking into account elevated inflation expectations and the nature of inflation processes in general, we have raised our short - term estimate of the inflation path. previously, we believed 1 / 3 bis central bankers'speeches that annual inflation would peak in march, gradually decreasing further on, while now we expect annual inflation to plateau until the middle of the year close to its readings observed in the first quarter. the annual rates of price growth will begin to slow down steadily in the second half of the year as the effect of one - off factors tapers off. however, given the period of substantially accommodative monetary policy and the time - lagged influence of our decisions on inflation, we believe that elevated inflationary pressure may persist until the end of the year due to the impact of the steady factors. in this regard, we have revised our inflation forecast for the end of 2021. the inflation rate will equal 4. 7 – 5. 2 %. this is significantly higher — by one percentage point — than was expected in february. our decision to accelerate the return to the neutral key rate will make it possible to bring annual inflation back to 4 % by the middle of 2022. as i have already said, any delays would postpone the achievement of the target. moreover, the key rate that would be required for this purpose would be considerably higher. as regards the economy, i would like to stress that the majority of industries have already bounced back to the pre - pandemic level of output. certain restrictions remain in a number of sectors, first of all in oil production where they are associated with the opec + agreements. the services sector