samchain/econo-pairs-v2 huggingface dataset:
to your friends and parents. if this happens, we are confident that these efforts will redound to the benefit of the population as a whole.

take into account the plan ’ s liability profile, funding level and the risk tolerance of the plan ’ s sponsor – in terms of the sponsor ’ s willingness and ability to increase contributions if the investment policy does not deliver. such a policy would then be based on input from the trustee, sponsor, management committee and actuary. while this is attractive in principle, there are practical issues. for example, if there are no limits on local equity purchases in a small stock market like trinidad and tobago, the imbalance between demand and supply of equities could push prices beyond levels justified by the fundamentals ( as has happened hare over the last few years ). a second practical issue is whether there should be limits on foreign investments. the current thinking in industrialized countries is that the absence of limits on international investments allows for superior performance in terms of risk and return. in a small developing country like trinidad and tobago, there are practical considerations of the effect that unfettered overseas investment would have on exchange markets and the exchange rates. whatever investment regime is finally decided upon for the long term, its efficiency and sustainability will ultimately depend on ( i ) a significant increase in the range of available domestic investments ( including government securities and private bonds ) ; increasing liquidity in the stock market by encouraging more listings providing inducements for trading as opposed to the current system of “ buy and hold ” and reducing the dependence of the stock market on institutional investors. these are tough but winnable challenges. the bank will continue to discuss these issues with stakeholders with a view to agreeing on a temporary investment regime early in the new year.
governor, cbk has managed to ensure a sustainable, stable, well - capitalized and liquid financial system. a similar attitude regarding the financial system in the country can also be evidenced in the reports of international financial institutions, such as : the international monetary fund, the world bank, the european commission report, the european central bank, the us department of state and many other institutions. also, the overall financial performance of cbk during this period has been very satisfactory, achieving comprehensive income throughout the five - year governance period. while in 2017, cbk had a negative financial result of 881 thousand euros, in 2018 a positive result of 2. 2 million euros was realized ; in 2019 - 2. 1 million euros ; in 2020, despite the covid 19 pandemic - 2. 16 million euros ; in 2021 - 6. 1 million euros, while in 2022 the unaudited profit of cbk is worth about 8 million euros. the positive financial result of the cbk has enable and created financial stability, providing security for the long - term financial stability of the cbk institution. * * * during this period, the banking sector in kosovo has recorded continuous growth both in the number of institutions and at the same time in the growth of the activity of this sector. from ten banks at the end of 2018 to october 2022, this number increased to twelve by adding two financial institutions with banking activity. the banking sector during the period 2018 - october 2022 has recorded an increase in assets of 2. 6 billion euros or 61. 6 percent. the total value of assets at the end of 2022 was 6. 76 billion euros, from 4. 18 billion at the end of 2018. the increase in the banking sector's assets also resulted in an increase in the credit portfolio, which in december 2022 reached the value of 4. 35 billion euros, from 2. 75 billion in 2018. in the context of time 2018 - 2022, the level of active loans increased by 1. 6 billion, or an increase of 57. 9 percent during these five years. the significant increase in loans has not affected the increase in non - performing loans, since at the end of 2022 the level of non - performing loans was 2 percent, comparable to the banking systems of the european union. loans continue to be the main balance item within banks'assets with a participation of 64. 3 percent in december 2022. the increase in loans is mainly supported by the increase in deposits

the meaning of growth, security, statistics and money. the colours of the new logo are colours contained in the flag of kosovo, the flag of the european union and the logo of the european central bank. * * * in the end, i would like to thank you once again for participating in marking this very important anniversary for us and wish you fruitful discussions with the highly respected panellists, that we will have during today's conference, which will address topics that are very important for the economy and the financial sector. now, i have the pleasure to invite his excellency the president of kosovo, mr. hashim thaqi, for an occasional speech. faqe 7 nga 7
global economic recession.

work, volcano, translated into spanish. i will also point out that volcano was her winning entry back in 2004, which goes to show that entering and winning the fcle has legs. moreover, as we continue to innovate and digitise, the orange economy presents opportunities for leveraging technology. e - books, audiobooks, and online platforms can 1 / 2 bis - central bankers'speeches amplify our voices even more, reaching audiences far beyond our shores and turning creativity into a sustainable livelihood for our artists. tonight, i extend my heartfelt congratulations to all of this year's finalists and winners. to those who may not walk away with an award, let me encourage you : the act of putting your work out into the world is itself an achievement. perseverance, discipline, and a commitment to your craft will bear fruit. to all writers here tonight, i say this : you are custodians of our stories, ambassadors of our culture, and architects of our identity. keep writing, dreaming, and daring. the fcle exists because of you and for you. to our dedicated committee, which as i mentioned earlier, is led, and ably so, by dr. yvonne weekes, your vision and hard work continues to instrumental in the competition's success. your efforts ensure that the fcle continues to uphold its high standards and remains an inspiration to barbadian writers. and to you, the audience, thank you for showing up for these artists and their work. your encouragement helps fuel their creativity and strengthens our literary culture. may we all remember that by supporting the arts, we are investing in a richer, more vibrant future for barbados – one where our stories are not just told, but celebrated. so, as we honour the finalists and winners of this prestigious award, let us also commit to championing our writers and the creative sector as a whole. let us recognise that investing in the arts is not a luxury but a necessity for national development. as we look to the future, i am confident that the frank collymore literary endowment will continue to thrive, offering a platform for exceptional talent and fostering a deeper appreciation for the written word. here's to another year of literary brilliance and to the enduring power of storytelling. congratulations once again to our winners and participants. thank you, and enjoy the rest of the evening. 2 / 2 bis - central bankers'speeches
our best to reduce uncertainty about future monetary policy conditions, at least out to the horizon that it is prudent to do so. the consistency, credibility and clarity of the riga decisions was reinforced by the fact that they were agreed unanimously, demonstrating strong cohesion within the governing council. in this divisive world, in this divisive europe - unfortunately, on tough issues like migration this cohesion was our shared responsibility and duty to protect the common good of 340 million europeans : their currency, the euro. they support it at an overwhelming majority of page 3 sur 5 74 % - confirmed in the spring 2018 eurobarometer, with an increasing majority in italy. this confidence in the euro obliges us to act together. i would like here to welcome another recent positive commitment from political leaders : the franco - german agreement in meseberg. the message is clear and threefold : i. the eurozone needs, besides monetary union, a strengthening of the economic union. if not, monetary policy would remain the only game in town, and be at risk of being overburdened by the next recession. ii. economic union needs public risk sharing – an enhanced esm and a euro - zone budget – as well as private risk sharing. let me also stress this one, adding banking union – with a fully credible resolution mechanism – and capital market union. cmu – which we strongly advocate with president jens weidmann and the whole governing council - fortunately is in the declaration too, with a commitment to realise “ decisive progress ”. iii. europe needs a franco - german impetus. both countries took their responsibility, still on time. it is now up to the 19 to elaborate a common and operational package. the euro - zone should seize this moment : it ’ s now or never. ii. policy - induced uncertainty the global and european economy is confronted by two possible policy shocks : trade and fiscal policy. since we are currently enjoying the world cup, it seems appropriate to call these policy - induced own goals. rise in protectionism the first of these is the risk to the global trading system of the rise in protectionism. the initial measures announced so far by the united states and then china only cover about 1 % of global imports and should have limited direct effects on inflation and activity. but they have logically triggered retaliation by other countries or regions and the risk of an escalating and global trade war is no longer unthinkable. the classical analysis of the macro

time as the annual report. this first edition will be updated yearly.
emerging markets throughout asia and beyond that will contribute meaningfully to the global effort in tacking climate change through the power of finance. 20. thank you. 1 source : asifma https : / / www. asifma. org / wp - content / uploads / 2020 / 12 / asifma - fosda - esg - and - sf - data - challenges - and - opportunities - in - asia - f20201221c. pdf

speeches 07 jun 2022 opening remarks at the alliance for green commercial banks cornerstone members memorandum of understanding signing ceremony eddie yue, chief executive, hong kong monetary authority distinguished guests and friends, 1. good afternoon. it is my great pleasure to join you to celebrate another milestone of the alliance for green commercial banks. today we are going to witness the signing of a memorandum of understanding that brings in five cornerstone members to the alliance, welcome the on - boarding of four global partners and a knowledge partner, and publish the alliance ’ s first thought leadership paper. 2. my special thanks to the ifc advisory team and the hkma market outreach team for their hard work and close collaboration that brings out the biggest common denominator among various stakeholders. i would also like to personally thank the cornerstone members and partners for their strong support and contribution throughout the engagement process. what we have achieved today is the product of collective efforts. 3. we at the hkma feel privileged to have partnered with the ifc in launching the asia chapter of the alliance for green commercial banks. this is an important joint commitment and undertaking to support financial institutions in asia on their journey to become leading green institutions 4. indeed asia has the largest need for climate finance among the geographical regions. it is estimated that 66 trillion usd of climate investment is required for the region in the coming three decades. this is equivalent to over half of the global investment needed to contain temperature rise by 1. 5°c1. 5. the public sector alone cannot meet the enormous financing needs. commercial banks can and do play a crucial part in fostering the green transition. they can do so by adopting clear strategies and targets to develop green finance products and services to support the transition of the real economy. 6. we fully recognise that commercial banks are at various stages of this green transformation, and there is much scope to create synergy among banks in the region. the alliance serves as a platform to foster this much needed public - private sector partnership. the ifc offers a deep pool of knowledge and expertise in climate finance across the globe. the hkma will leverage hong kong ’ s international financial centre status as a focal point to promote green banking in the region. 7. since its launch, the alliance has organised capacity building events on a wide array of green finance topics, including green bank transformation, green building, voluntary carbon markets, climate risk management and green capital markets. 8. today the alliance is taking another big step forward by enlarging our network of
; 3 / 4 bis central bankers'speeches ( c ) infrastructure must be efficient, safe, and resilient ; a financial sector must ultimately be purposeful in supporting the broad spectrum of economic activities including to facilitate savings, investments, insurance, payments for goods and services and credit intermediation. i am sure that the forum today will be a good occasion to exchange views and to gather new insights. 4 / 4 bis central bankers'speeches

asset. this speculation in cryptocurrencies is what mas strongly discourages and seeks to restrict. let me now elaborate on singapore ’ s strategy to develop a digital asset ecosystem as well as our regulatory approach to manage the risks of digital assets. singapore ’ s strategy to develop a digital asset ecosystem our vision is to build an innovative and responsible digital asset ecosystem in singapore. this is a core part of mas ’ overall fintech agenda. as with everything else we do in fintech, innovation through industry collaboration is key to growing the digital asset ecosystem. crypto technologies are promising and there is great potential to improve financial services – this is a common goal shared by mas, the financial industry, and the fintech community. but the only way to find out what works is through experimentation and exploration – “ learning by doing ”. we are taking a four - pronged approach to building the digital asset ecosystem. first, explore the potential of distributed ledger technology in promising use cases ; second, support the tokenisation of financial and real economy assets ; third, enable digital currency connectivity ; and fourth, anchor players with strong value propositions and risk management. explore potential of distributed ledger technology in promising use cases the most promising use cases of digital assets in financial services are in crossborder payment and settlement, trade finance, and pre - and post - trade capital market activities. there are several promising developments, including in singapore. in cross - border payments and settlements, wholesale settlement networks using distributed ledger technologies such as partior – a joint venture among dbs, jp morgan and temasek – are achieving reductions in settlement time from days to mere minutes. in trade finance, networks like contour – formed by a group of trade banks – are establishing common ledgers with traceability to automate document verification, enabling faster financing decisions and lower processing cost. in capital markets, marketnode – a joint venture between sgx and temasek – is leveraging distributed ledger technology to tokenise assets, which reduces the time needed to clear and settle securities transactions, from days to just minutes. support tokenisation of financial and real economy assets the concept of asset tokenisation has transformative potential, not unlike securitisation 50 years ago. tokenisation enables the monetisation of any tangible or intangible asset. it makes it easier to fractionalise an asset or split up its ownership. tokenisation allows the assets to be traded securely and seamlessly without the need for intermediaries.
to - distribute models can lead to information asymmetries, incentive problems and financial instability – as we painfully learned from the mortgage lending that led to the subprime crisis. another type of fintech is the so - called peer - to - peer lender, which offers credit services in a fundamentally different way to banks in that the services are unbundled. electronic platforms typically match borrowers and investors without taking on balance sheet risks and generate fee revenue rather than net interest. technological innovation may enable lending platforms to become more efficient and more targeted in terms of how they intermediate between borrowers and lenders and thus put pressure on incumbent banks. still, i would argue that, until lending platforms can replicate the benefits of intermediation, they will not meaningfully challenge the role of banks in the economy. i see two main reasons for this : 1. lending platforms are unable to perform liquidity transformation on a significant scale – that is, to provide short - term liquidity services for depositors and long - term loans for borrowers. 2. lending platforms are less resilient during shocks, being more prone to funding freezes and swings in credit risk appetite than banks, as at this stage they are small and not diversified. 7 also, banks have both insured deposits, which contain depositor runs, and higher levels of capital, which supports lending during downturns. 2 / 4 bis central bankers'speeches for these reasons, lending platforms are currently unlikely to threaten banks ’ market position in lending. still, these developments should be continuously monitored. fintechs are changing the payments landscape fintech has had a more pronounced impact in the payments market, where firms have expanded their presence in non - capital intensive business such as cross - border transfers, micropayments and card payments because those are the areas where the incumbents have accumulated the most glaring shortcomings, often resulting in inefficient and overpriced products. this is affecting the payments landscape. in a european banking authority survey, a majority of incumbent banks indicated that payments is the business area most affected by fintech competition, eroding fees and commission income. 8 in response, many banks have begun to adjust their strategies by investing more in technology and partnering up with fintechs. the emerging competition is welcome and may bring lasting social benefits to customers in terms of efficiency gains, increased choice and more resilient payment systems. but our role is to ensure not only efficiency, but

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the true burden of debt service. overall, the household sector seems to be in good shape, and much of the apparent increase in the household sector ’ s debt ratios over the past decade reflects factors that do not suggest increasing household financial stress. and, in fact, during the past two years, debt service ratios have been stable.

equity of a surviving entity. this approach would have the effect of concentrating the firm - wide losses on the parent company ’ s private sector equity holders and creditors. the spoe approach places a high priority on what your own president weidmann recently described as “ the principle of liability ”, meaning that those who benefit should also bear the costs. perhaps the greatest challenge for the resolution of a systemic global bank is the possibility that public or private actors in different countries might take local actions that would cause the overall resolution to spin out of control. creditors and counterparties of solvent operating bis central bankers ’ speeches subsidiaries might rush for the exit if they are unsure of their status. as a subsidiary comes under increasing stress, authorities might preemptively ring - fence local assets. the process of resolution will need to be fully worked out and understood beforehand by market participants, regulatory authorities, and the general public. it will be absolutely essential to build trust among all parties, and especially between regulatory authorities. much remains to be done in eliminating “ too - big - to - fail ”. the federal reserve is considering a requirement that systemic institutions maintain sufficient long - term debt at the parent company level to absorb losses and recapitalize operating subsidiaries in the event of failure. we expect to propose such a requirement later this year. i share the view expressed recently by several of my board colleagues that the work of large bank resolution is not complete, and that further measures may be necessary. no one should doubt that the federal reserve is committed to completing this project. reaching agreement on a cross - border resolution process will be challenging. our financial services industries and our economies differ in many ways. but we have a shared interest in financial stability, in reducing moral hazard, and in protecting taxpayers. on that note, i will briefly discuss the fed ’ s proposal for oversight of foreign banks operating in the united states, which carries out a mandate from the congress under the dodd - frank wall street reform and consumer protection act. 22 our proposal represents a targeted set of adjustments aimed at reducing the risks posed by the u. s. operations of large foreign banks to u. s. financial stability that were revealed during, and in the aftermath of, the recent financial crisis. the proposal is not intended to create a disadvantage for foreign banks in the u. s. market. rather, the proposal is part of a larger set of regulatory reforms that substantially raises standards for all banking organizations operating in the united states and aims to achieve the goals