, the ceo of lakota funds, a native cdfi, is the current vice chair of the board ’ s community advisory council, which offers diverse perspectives on the financial services needs of communities, with a focus on lower - to moderate - income neighborhoods. 41 earlier today, the federal reserve announced we had joined the central bank network for indigenous inclusion ( network ) alongside the reserve bank of new zealand / te putea matua, the bank of canada, and the reserve bank of australia. the mission of the network is to foster ongoing dialogue and raise awareness of indigenous economic and financial issues, share knowledge and best practices, and promote engagement and education on indigenous economy and history, in partnership with indigenous peoples. it is a welcome opportunity for us to better understand how each central bank is working to improve financial inclusion for and with indigenous peoples. we look forward to learning from our indigenous partners and central bank members in the network. conclusion in closing, i want to affirm that it is important to us at the federal reserve to deepen our understanding of tribal nations and strengthen our relationships with native communities. we see “ advisory councils, ” board of governors of the federal reserve system, last modified june 11, 2021, https : / / www. federalreserve. gov / aboutthefed / cac. htm. welcome opportunities such as today ’ s conversation to learn from you as tribal leaders about the economic issues that are most pressing for your citizens and communities. today ’ s discussion is part of an ongoing conversation we hope to continue that will help us better reflect the economic experiences of native americans.

jean - claude trichet : reforming emu – time for bold decisions speech by mr jean - claude trichet, president of the european central bank, at the conference of the group of the progressive alliance of socialists and democrats in the european parliament “ what future for the euro? ”, frankfurt, 18 march 2011. * * * ladies and gentlemen, honourable members of the european parliament, it is a pleasure to have the opportunity to speak at your conference this afternoon. we meet at a time of multiple challenges for our world. for more than three and a half years now, we have been focused on the challenges to our economies and our societies by the unfolding financial crisis. but the tragic events in japan over the past week remind us of even greater threats. the potential impact of the earthquake and its aftermath on both the japanese economy and the world economy is something we will be thinking about deeply in the coming days and discussing with our friends at the bank of japan. for the moment, my heartfelt thoughts are with the people of japan, whose lives and whose livelihoods have seen such havoc. your conference today asks “ what future for the euro? ” in addressing that question, i would first like to speak about the achievements of the past, before focusing on the challenges ahead for europe ’ s economic and monetary union ( emu ). i would like to reiterate and explain the need for what i have called a “ quantum leap ” in the economic governance of europe. and i would like to outline what that means in practice and what more needs to be done to make that quantum leap a reality. 1. achievements of the euro first, let me take a brief look back at the history of the euro. having had the privilege of serving as a member of the european central bank ’ s ( ecb ) governing council since the launch of the euro and as the ecb ’ s president for the past seven years, i can report that we have achieved a great deal. all europeans should take pride in these achievements. the key to understanding the current challenges is to recall that the specific construction of our modern economic and monetary union rests on two separate economic and monetary pillars. under the monetary pillar, there is only europe : the single currency, the single monetary policy and the single central banking system – with the ecb at its core. the economic pillar is decentralised, with responsibility for fiscal and economic policies in the hands of individual countries. these policies should be steered by overall rules and