samchain/econo-pairs-v2 huggingface dataset:
, is committed to supporting these efforts within our mandates for financial and monetary stability. on that note, i wish you productive discussions in the sessions ahead. we look forward to concrete outcomes from these discussions given the heavy and urgent responsibility we all bear to mitigate the devastating effects of climate change.

deputy governor's opening remarks at the cagamas developing and financing green housing in asia ( dfgh 2022 ) conference speaker : puan jessica chew cheng lian / venue : kuala lumpur / language : english / speech / interview date : 21 sep 2022 / it would be hard to overstate the importance of any meaningful effort that might bring us closer to the goal of mitigating the impact of climate change. in a region with among the highest home ownership, where up to nine in every ten families will buy the home that they live in, a conference on green housing must surely be on that list. so it is my great pleasure and privilege to be here today to share some thoughts with you on what the financial sector is doing, and can still do more, to manage climate related risks and support the climate transition. the importance attached to owning a home is a long - standing cultural norm in our society. while that has not changed, there is a growing awareness of the impact that the places we live and work in day by day can have on sustainability. the environmental impact of buildings in terms of greenhouse gas emissions stems not only from energy use for lighting and air conditioning, but from the way in which buildings are constructed, operated and managed. globally, the building sector accounts for more than 40 % of energy consumption, generates approximately 40 % of all waste, and consumes 16 % of water for construction. here in malaysia, buildings consume almost half ( 48 % ) of the electricity generated in the country. in response to this, green buildings were conceived, prioritising environmental and health concerns as well as resource efficiency throughout their life cycle. in the process, they also respond to the changing preferences of an increasingly environmentally conscious population. as a country, malaysia has committed to the target of reaching net zero emissions as early as 2050. in line with this and the priorities laid out in the 12th malaysia plan, state and city councils have increasingly stepped up efforts to spur the greening of their respective jurisdictions. dbkl for instance has issued the kuala lumpur climate action plan 2050, which details out the actions necessary to achieve the goals of the paris agreement. while we will be mainly focusing on green housing at this event, it is important not to forget that this is a cross - cutting agenda that requires many different parts of the ecosystem to work effectively. with climate change, however, we are not simply pursuing an aspirational goal. we are dealing with an existential
! thank you very much for your attention. 1 1 liaquat ahamed, lords of finance, william heinemann 2009. 3 / 3 bis central bankers'speeches

acri association of italian savings banks 2023 world savings day address by the governor of the bank of italy ignazio visco rome, 31 october 2023 saving, and its natural counterpart, investment, are key factors in a country ’ s balanced development. at individual level, saving makes it possible to transfer resources over time, ‘ putting income aside ’ to meet future needs, such as purchasing a house, children ’ s education and joining a pension fund, to be less vulnerable when times are hard and to look ahead with confidence. the acquisition of adequate financial skills is a form of investment in human capital that can increase the well - being of and the opportunities for people ; it is all the more important in light of the large and rapid changes in financial innovation over the last 30 years, as well as the increasing digitalization of the markets. at the same time, it is the first necessary line of defence for savers who are increasingly required to make complex choices and sometimes to deal with high - risk products. the bank of italy is aware of the importance of financial literacy and has invested a great deal of resources in order to foster and disseminate it. i have often spoken about this, including in the recent past. savings are also, however, and perhaps above all a public good that can generate benefits for the community as a whole through the transfer of resources ‘ in space ’ from households to entrepreneurs and businesses. if they are used well, they make a crucial contribution to a country ’ s economic growth by financing productive investment in physical, human and technological capital. this creates the economic even more than the legal basis for its protection by the public sector. this protection requires, first and foremost, adequate regulation and supervision of the financial system as a whole, since it plays a key role in bringing together the generation and use of savings and in transferring funds from one place to another and from today to tomorrow, ensuring that they reach those who should receive them by removing liquidity constraints. nevertheless, the protection of savings goes beyond regulation. efforts must be made to establish economic and financial conditions such that resources can be used as efficiently as possible, thereby contributing to both the economic development of the country and to the well - being of individual savers. protecting savings aims to increase the capital accumulated by fuelling a virtuous circle in which the subsequent strengthening of economic activity leads to higher employment and income that in turn makes further savings possible, as well as greater consumption. the economic cycle and monetary policy
njuguna ndung ’ u : growth and performance of the kenyan banking sector remarks by prof njuguna ndung ’ u, governor of the central bank of kenya, at the launch of southern credit banking corporation ltd international mastercard debit card, nairobi, 10 august 2009. * * * chairman ; managing director of southern credit banking corporation ; board members ; management and staff ; distinguished guests ; ladies and gentlemen : i am delighted to be here this morning to join hands with the family of southern credit banking corporation ltd in celebrating the launch of its mastercard debit card. allow me at the onset to appreciate the presence of the mastercard representative assistant vice president : commerce development, mr. charlton goredema. i also wish to salute the board, management and staff of southern credit banking corporation for successfully serving kenyans in the last twenty seven years. i am pleased to note that your bank has expanded its network from the two branches at incorporation in 1982 to nine branches countrywide and has been in the forefront of innovations in electronic payments solutions in kenya, a position that it first achieved with their senator card brand. today, the bank is becoming a market leader with the launch of the first mastercard debit card in kenya and also in the region. it is also one of the only three banks in kenya with the acquirer status on the mastercard franchise. the service will enable the bank ’ s existing customers transact business at more outlets, at their convenience, anywhere in the world. i commend the board for this. ladies and gentlemen ; this new service will provide an expansion of kenya ’ s card market segment which is currently thin and requires patronizing by many of the bank customers. similarly, the new product will go a long way in deepening the financial sector by facilitating payments. mr. chairman, let me turn to growth of the banking sector and its performance, one of the main pillars of kenya ’ s economic growth. ladies and gentlemen ; despite the local and global turbulences experienced over the past one year, the banking sector remained stable and exhibited resilience. the sector has continued to grow and expand both locally and regionally to new markets within the east african region and beyond. in addition, banks are posting good results for their second quarter ending june 2009. we commend the banking sector for the efforts in weathering storms of the global financial crisis and our own share of internal shocks. mr. chairman ; let me at this point mention some

declare southern credit banking corporation ’ s mastercard debit card officially launched into the kenyan market. thank you.
payments ( bop ) ) may increase as a result of anticipated weaker tourism earnings & remittances, lower fdi and export earnings from selected commodities. consequently, the reserve bank of fiji will maintain tight money and credit policies. summary • • the impact of the financial crisis on fiji will be via the impact on its major trading partner economies financial sector assessment reinforces the soundness of the banking, insurance and other financial institutions macroeconomic threats are firmly on the downside •

savenaca narube : overview of economic and financial developments in fiji opening address by mr savenaca narube, governor of the reserve bank of fiji, at the official opening of rooster poultry ’ s renovated facilities, at rooster poultry, ba, 1 november 2007. * * * mr. john duncan, chairman, colonial fiji group board ms. linley wood, director of colonial fiji group mr. laurie mellsop, managing director, colonial fiji group mr. hank arts, general manager, rooster poultry distinguished guests ladies and gentlemen introductory remarks good afternoon : i am pleased to be here today at navau farm in ba for the official opening of rooster poultry ’ s renovated facilities. my wife and i have spent a pleasant afternoon on site viewing the operations of the company. i tell you, i have learnt a lot today about the process of getting the chicken to the customer. i commend colonial fiji life limited – the owners of rooster poultry – on this investment. it is good to see an insurance company in fiji diversify its investment outside the financial sector. i believe it is a win - win combination. investment we tend to talk a lot about investment and its important role of lifting our economic growth rate which has been historically low at less than 3 percent. even when we look ahead to the next two to three years, the same low growth scenario remains. we all know that for us to lift this growth rate to say 5 percent requires, amongst other things, more investment. we have thrown in an investment figure of 25 percent of gdp as a possible target. we are estimating investment however to fall back to around 15 percent of gdp this year. so we have a lot of space to cover. how do we bridge this investment gap? there is a host of factors that is required for this to happen. obviously, political stability is important. we also need to maintain strong economic fundamentals. we need to raise productivity to keep unit cost competitive. predictability and certainty in government polices and their implementation is also important. we also need a sound and efficient financial system. economic fundamentals first, let ’ s look at our economic fundamentals and here i am referring to inflation, the balance of payments and government debt. our inflation has started to come down again and we project it at around 3. 5 percent at the end of the year. so, there is no major problem here. government debt has grown to over 54 percent of gdp. the interim government has
08. 06. 2023 7th ico sustainable bond forum closing remarks ico / madrid margarita delgado deputy governor first of all, thank you for the invitation to participate in this 7th ico sustainable bond market conference. i am sure that the various panels have addressed recent developments in social and green bonds and the latest innovative approaches in sustainable finance. it would be interesting to take a look at the conclusions of the first edition of this conference to see just how much progress has been made in this market ; huge strides for sure. for example, through the development of new instruments to mobilise the financial resources needed to achieve a net - zero economy and the goals set by the paris agreement. however, i am convinced we would also find that some of the challenges are still with us today, probably including the ones i am going mention in this address. recent evolution of sustainable bond markets developments in sustainable finance markets have been very significant. in recent years we have seen a surge in new bonds and instruments. according to the latest climate finance monitor published by the imf : 1 - after decreasing in 2022, issuance of sustainable debt in 2023 q1, considering green bonds and loans, social bonds, sustainability bonds and sustainability linked - bonds and loans, was in line with issuance in the previous two quarters, but was lower than in 2022 q1. it should be noted that this was at the time of the banking sector turmoil in the united states and europe. - green bond issuance saw the largest increase, comparing with the previous quarter and with the same quarter a year earlier. financials and governments remained the largest issuers with a share of over 73 percent in 2023 q1. indeed, new sovereign issuance increased sharply in 2023 q1, the european commission issuing €6 billion of nextgenerationeu green bonds in its fourth syndicated transaction for 2023. see imf ( 2023 ). climate finance monitor q1 2023. may. - conversely, the issuance of most other types of bonds declined. for example, sustainability - linked instruments saw slower growth in the first quarter of the year, which, according to the imf, “ may reflect market participants ’ perceptions around greenwashing and the credibility of the asset class to drive companies to meet sustainability targets ”. focusing on the euro area, according to the experimental indicators on sustainable finance developed by the eurosystem : - the outstanding amount of sustainable debt securities issued in the euro area has more than doubled

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through heavy seas at the moment. both china and the european union are confronted with a number of common challenges as well as specific domestic concerns. in order to address these in an effective and consistent manner, all available policy tools need to be used in an appropriate way. this requires continued progress in implementing the necessary reforms. i think it is fair to say that we all have our homework to do – though the focus of these efforts naturally differs. in europe, it means, inter alia, focusing on labour and product market reforms, in order to enhance the growth potential of our economies ; in china, it means, inter alia, reforms in financial markets and the banking sector, in order to improve financial intermediation and monetary control. as i highlighted in my remarks, one of the common challenges that we all face is the high inflationary pressure affecting the global economy. to master this challenge, it is essential to use monetary policy in an effective and determined manner. the global phenomenon of inflation is perceived in many countries or economic areas as the consequence of an “ external ” shock. this harbours the risk, if this shock is accommodated, that it will result in sustained inflationary pressure with adverse effects for growth in these countries and beyond. therefore, concerted efforts by monetary authorities worldwide are needed to fight global inflation. finally, the combination of stability - oriented monetary policies and continued structural reforms would also help to address some of the asymmetries i referred to earlier and thus further strengthen the bilateral economic relations between europe and china. thank you very much for your attention.

democracy. but it would be legitimate ; it would not have to rely on its outcome alone to be acceptable, and it would give citizens a clear indication as to why we must move forward together. in my view, this would be a major achievement that would provide the political underpinning for emu. it would not only create a more stable environment for growth and prosperity ; it would also allow us, as a central bank, to conduct our monetary policy in an environment of much greater certainty. in the end, the more developed the “ e ” in emu, the better we can do our job on the “ m ” side. what i have proposed today is an opportunity for politics to reconnect with what matters most to our citizens ; and an opportunity for europe to move forward in the weberian sense, with both passion and perspective, preserving what we have in common while accommodating differences where these are an asset. this would indeed be faithful to the model of the european union – united in diversity. thank you very much for listening. bis central bankers ’ speeches
regulation of the shadow banking sector, and european authorities are also working on this issue. yet, authorities will still need to remain extremely vigilant over the coming years in tracking the ultimate distribution of risks. finally, many reforms are being introduced simultaneously. we do not yet understand fully the extent to which different reforms are complements or substitutes and, hence, what their cumulative impacts will be. the interactions between the various regulations must be carefully monitored, in order to understand the impact of the reforms on the financial landscape and to ensure that the goal of increasing the resilience of banks and the financial system are achieved at least cost. bis central bankers ’ speeches

. let me conclude this opening address with some personal anticipation. the banknote and coin, as classical symbols of the medium of exchange, but also as objects that stylishly represent the historical and artistic values of the time, will continue to be part of economic reality for the future generations as well. the albanian people have written poems about money. in his “ autobiography of the people in verses ”, kadare writes : “ holding the horse reins / breastfeeding the son / the gold pouring over the forehead. holding the mule rein / breastfeeding the daughter, the gold pouring over the neck. ” the currency museum we are initiating today will not only preserve this historical memory, but it will continue to enrich in the future as well. this is the beginning of the national museum of monetary and numismatic values that the bank of albania will soon offer to the public in its reconstructed headquarters, and present the added historical values of our nation. in conclusion, let me thank the albanian and foreign collectors and the national historical museum for their cooperation in organizing this exhibition. bis central bankers ’ speeches
real economy, it may also entail rising risk taking in the current market environment. we are closely monitoring two developments in this context : first, non - bank financing activity is growing, in particular in higher credit risk corporate financing, where indebtedness is already higher. second, as institutional investors are searching for yield, they may amplify the cyclical underpricing of risk, potentially also taking on more leverage and liquidity risk. in the euro area investment fund sector, we have observed increasing liquidity risk for some time. this reflects a falling share of holdings of liquid government bonds and a fall in cash holdings across the sector. we have recently witnessed cases in which funds holding considerable amounts of illiquid assets ( woodford, h2o and gam – all ucits funds ) faced severe difficulties in dealing with large - scale outflows. these cases had no systemic repercussions – partly because the outflow triggers were idiosyncratic and partly because the market environment was benign. in a more broad - based market downturn, though, we would be concerned that a repricing of financial assets could trigger sudden and large redemptions from these funds, possibly resulting in forced asset sales, which could amplify stress in less liquid markets. this would have wider implications in the form of impaired market liquidity and possible spillovers to the real economy. while leverage in the euro area fund sector is low on average, there are also pockets of high leverage among some types of alternative funds, and these need to be monitored closely. even if leverage of ucits funds is not excessive, it can still add to the procyclical selling of assets if a fund tries to keep its leverage constant during periods of stress. i hope that gives you a good perspective on our current assessment of financial stability risks. i look forward to hearing your own views on these and other vulnerabilities for the euro area financial system. 2 / 2 bis central bankers'speeches

##rated bis central bankers ’ speeches transition within a two - year period. the working group has also tried to harmonise some of the procedures applied to cdr restructuring to non - cdr restructuring. the reserve bank will take appropriate decision on the recommendations based on the comments received. i sincerely hope that i have done a good job if i have clarified the rationale and philosophy behind the recommendations of the working group. i value your feedback and wish the round table all success. bis central bankers ’ speeches
can obtain new loans from abroad. in this respect, the current world situation is favourable, because free liquidity grows again and waits to be placed, credit supply goes up and buyers are sought for this money. a continuation of eu accession negotiations improves the political perception of croatia as a debtor. therefore, i have no doubts that the current search for a billion dollars, or euros or whatever, will be successful. this is a relief, but it also poses the most serious dangers to this country : the danger of inactivity, the danger of believing that we can go on functioning by following the established routine and the danger that we neither have learned, nor will learn enough from the crisis. it is often repeated that our problems are of a structural nature and that it takes time to carry out the necessary reforms. this statement is not unfounded. however, an old chinese wisdom says : “ even the longest way starts with the first step. ” the truth is that the first step is often the most difficult, and we have been putting it off for a long time.

central banks would and have the obligation, to give priority to price stability and financial stability as their primary mandates. with today ’ s conference we, at the croatian national bank, are appealing to banks and other financial institutions to reflect on how to incorporate climate risks into their business strategies and make their business - making more robust and resilient to hazards connected with climate change. we would also like to encourage banks to seize the opportunities brought about by transition towards low - carbon and nature - neutral economy. finally, and equally important, we want to note that we do not save nature only by switching to low - energy lightbulbs or choosing a hybrid or electric car but also by investing consciously. banks could have a noticeable positive influence if they were to finance environmentally friendly projects and make green investments. i am aware that taking the climate and environment into consideration is quite new for the banks, but it is equally so for us. however, adapting to climate change has no alternative. as bob brown once said – “ the future will either be green or not at all ". 2 / 2 bis central bankers'speeches