samchain/econo-pairs-v2 huggingface dataset:
programme, and its ultimate objective of the african monetary union, hold considerable appeal for us. on what better note could i end my address than by re - dedicating the bank of mauritius to this noble cause? i thank you for your attention.

##mise the risks now being implicitly underwritten by the monetary and fiscal authorities. single financial regulator the twin - peaks regulation model has been listed among the possible suspects responsible for the financial and banking crisis in some jurisdictions. an important policy development was the announcement in the november 2010 budget speech of the possible move to a single regulator for all financial services in our jurisdiction. this will most certainly impact on the way the bank currently functions. a team of experts of international repute has been identified to undertake a study on the way forward. mauritius credit information bureau since its launch in 2005, the mauritius credit information bureau ( mcib ) has rapidly emerged as an essential decision - making tool for system participants to assess any prospective borrower ’ s credit profile. the credit information system also provides reputational collateral to borrowers such as smes and small borrowers who often face difficulties in accessing finance due to lack of tangible collateral. an important amendment was brought to the bank of mauritius act in uly 2011 empowering the bank to impose sanctions on credit providers who refuse to join the mcib. another amendment enabled the bank to become a participant of the system which the bank formally joined in january 2012. lenders are encouraged to share the benefits derived from the mcib with borrowers by reducing processing fees, charges and lending rates. ( more on this issue ) cheque truncation system in my last letter, i had regretted my inability to deliver on the cheque truncation system ( cts ) which had got entangled in procedural difficulties. this year, we took bold steps to steer this long - delayed project in the right direction. amidst unfounded criticisms and baseless allegations of fraud and malpractice, the new system was set up in collaboration with commercial banks. on 6 september 2011, dr the honourable navinchandra ramgoolam, gcsk, frcp, prime minister, minister of defence, home affairs and external communications, came to the bank to launch the cts in the presence, amongst others, of the honourable cg xavier - luc duval gcsk, vice prime minister and minister of finance and economic development, and the ceo ’ s of all banks operating in mauritius. we chose to mark the occasion by donating a cheque of rs1 million to the prime minister ’ s relief fund, with this bank of mauritius cheque being the first to be cleared by the cts. the deployment of this new system which provides for the bulk clearing system
##s guide. this is indeed, in line with imf ’ s and mefmi ’ s mandate of imparting hands - on skills. i therefore, expect the course to bring together information on key statistical activities currently undertaken by the statistical organizations in our respective countries and to identify what more can be done to further improve the quality and timely availability of statistics in this area. may i urge you all to make the most out of this rare opportunity so that when you return to your respective institutions, you can take the lead in ensuring that our region benefits fully from this invaluable initiative. this, however, can only be realized through individual commitment, free exchange of ideas, sharing of experiences and a good sense of openmindedness among all participants. it is also my hope that strong networking links will emerge out of this course to foster a longrun exchange of ideas and experiences among professionals in the region. once we have the correct classification of data, then we can open another chapter of how to use it in policy making. this will also inform us on how to target the diaspora to channel investments in specific areas – like diaspora bonds. as i conclude, i appeal to you to take some time out of your densely packed schedule to enjoy the hospitality of nairobi. freely explore the boundless beauty of our country, sample local cuisine and explore the attractive tourism products on offer. it is now my singular honour to declare this course officially open, and i wish you fruitful discussions and a memorable stay in nairobi. i thank you all for your attention. bis central bankers ’ speeches

innovation, build strong banks and partnerships in the banking industry to ensure a stable financial sector in the country. strong banks can weather shocks more easily. strong banks will support economic growth. ladies and gentlemen, i wish to conclude by congratulating fina bank for opening the ngong road branch and to assure the board and management of fina bank of the central bank ’ s support in your growth initiatives and progression. with these few remarks ladies and gentlemen, it is now my honour and pleasure to declare fina bank – ngong road branch – officially open. thank you and god bless you all.
mr grenville looks at the international reform agenda and focuses on bailing - in the private sector talk by mr stephen grenville, deputy governor of the reserve bank of australia, to the world economic forum 1999 east asia economic summit, held in singapore on 20 october 1999. * * * i would like to leaf with you through the photo album of a baby, whose name is euro. he is now nine. in the two years since the asian crisis broke, there has been quite a bit of rethinking. as time went on, there was a growing acceptance that - whatever the mistakes and deficiencies of domestic policy - the problem was wider in scope : something was wrong with the international financial framework. if the crisis could be distilled down to two principal elements, it was the deadly interaction of huge and volatile international capital flows with fragile domestic financial sectors. it would be nice to say that the international community has now worked out what needs to be done, and are on the way to doing it. in practice, there is a greater consensus about what needs to be done, but a fair shortfall in actually implementing it. what are the specific achievements? • with the financial stability forum and the g20, there are the makings of a more representative set of forums, more appropriate than the g10 - type groups for discussions of this type. if all countries are to be subject to the “ golden straitjacket ” - the rules imposed by the international marketplace then the process of setting those rules should be more democratic. • the early emphasis was on transparency. a higher degree of transparency has been achieved in the official sector. this is a distortion of the original concept, which was that markets would work better if there was greater transparency all round, i. e. including from major private sector players. but, by - and - large, progress has been made. • until the near - death experience of ltcm in august 1998, there had not been any widespread acknowledgement of the role of hedge funds in exacerbating the problems. as ltcm pulled back from the brink, the urgency to address the question of hedge funds faded somewhat, but it looks like there will be some progress, at least in learning what hedge funds do. • and when it comes to the reform of domestic policies, there is now a wide measure of agreement that very considerable resources need to be put into ensuring financial stability and the health of the financial sector, and that there were aspects

it is a matter of decades or even generations, rather than a year or two. but quite a bit can be done, within a relatively short time horizon, to make these economies much less vulnerable than they were. as well, there is now a better understanding of the balance between the benefits of foreign capital flows and their dangers. this will not do away with crises - nothing can. but it would make them less common.
##ing ( 2003 ).

its own, with little prospect for self - correction. moving with maximum speed against this backdrop, policymakers at the federal reserve acted swiftly and unreservedly in an effort to break the damaging psychology that was taking hold. the series of policy actions announced over the past month – both conventional and unconventional – reflected a full recognition that the current shock is qualitatively different from the financial crisis of 2008, without a culprit other than the virus itself. unconstrained by a diagnosis of who was to blame – and considering the mounting downside risks – the speed and scale of the policy response was free to match the dimensions of the unfolding shock. i won ’ t review all of the actions that the fed has taken over the past month – they are well documented elsewhere – but i would like to note of the breadth of activity to stabilize the financial 1 / 4 bis central bankers'speeches system and to support the flow of credit, both within and outside banking system. to that end, i ’ ll describe a few of the lending and credit facilities that the new york fed is charged with standing up to supply credit for households, businesses, and state and local governments : commercial paper funding facility by the middle of march, unusually high funding needs and pullbacks by key lenders of short - term funds led to surging rates in the market for commercial paper, or short - term ious issued by businesses and municipalities. interest rates on longer - term commercial paper, in particular, rose to levels not seen since the financial crisis of 2008. many issuers were reportedly unable to place commercial paper with a term of longer than a week, leading to increased risk that companies would not be able to fund basic operational needs, such as meeting payrolls or financing inventories. with backing from the u. s. treasury, the federal reserve established the commercial paper funding facility as a funding vehicle that can purchase new issuance of commercial paper from highly rated businesses and municipalities, and certain issuers that were downgraded after the virus shock. by providing assurances to issuers and investors that retiring commercial paper can be replaced with new issuance, the facility will promote confidence in the market and support the flow of credit to businesses and municipalities. corporate credit facilities ( ccfs ) at the same time that short - term commercial paper markets were nearly frozen, so too were markets for longer - term corporate borrowing – at precisely the moment when companies most needed a financing buffer. borrowing rates for investment -
benjamin e diokno : sustainable finance and its impact on the philippines ’ post - pandemic economic outlook speech by mr benjamin e diokno, governor of bangko sentral ng pilipinas ( bsp, the central bank of the philippines ), at the asia - pacific esg investors summit, manila, 9 february 2022. * * * to our fellow advocates of sustainability, co - speakers, and everyone here present, good morning. it is a pleasure to speak in front of the “ pillars of the green industry ” to share the bsp ’ s critical role in promoting the sustainability agenda in the financial system. let me start by providing you with an update on the philippines ’ economic outlook, followed by the bsp ’ s initiatives and key milestones in our sustainability playbook. lastly, i will leave some insights on how these sustainable aspirations tie - in to post - pandemic economic outlook. we welcome the year 2022 with optimism. amid the threats from the evolving variants of covid19 virus, we see that the philippine economy will be on a strong growth trajectory. the strong fiscal and monetary measures complemented by appropriate health interventions helped boost the country ’ s better than expected economic growth of 5. 6 percent in 2021. meanwhile, the country ’ s headline inflation rate averaged 4. 5 percent in 2021. we see inflation easing to within the target range of 2 to 4 percent this year. the country ’ s gross international reserves remain hefty at $ 108. 9 billion as of end - december 2021. this gir level is equivalent to 10. 3 months ’ worth of imports of goods and payments of services and primary income. personal remittances from overseas filipinos posted an increase of 5. 3 percent to usd31. 6 billion for the first eleven months of 2021 as compared to same period in 2020. the strong growth in cash remittances provides a consistent supply of foreign exchange and source for consumer spending. the peso appreciated by an average of 0. 75 percent or p49. 3 / $ 1 in 2021 from 49. 6 / $ 1 the previous year. the philippine banking system remains sound with ample capital and liquidity buffers to support continued growth in assets and deposits amid the covid - 19 pandemic. the banking system ’ s total assets grew year - on - year by 7 percent to p20. 4 trillion as of endnovember 2021 from the expansion of funds, mainly from deposits,

. as we say in the vernacular, maraming salamat and mabuhay po tayong lahat. bis central bankers ’ speeches
njuguna ndung ’ u : a new agricultural finance training programme for kenya remarks by prof njuguna ndung ’ u, governor of the central bank of kenya, at the launch of the certificate in agricultural finance ( caf ) and the east african agricultural finance network ( eaafn ), kenya school of monetary studies, nairobi, 7 september 2011. * * * the hon. minister for agriculture, dr. sally kosgei ; the secretary general, east africa community, amb. dr. richard sezibera ; permanent secretary, dr. romano kiome ; usaid east africa regional director, lawrence meserve ; chief executive officers of commercial banks ; esteemed members of afraca ; distinguished participants ; ladies and gentlemen : good morning : hon. minister, about a year and a half ago, on 17th march 2010, we gathered here to discuss innovative ways to increase financial flows to the agricultural sector. the delegates in that meeting identified limited human capacity in agricultural lending as an impediment to financing the sector. the kenya school of monetary studies was tasked to address this human resource gap amongst lending institutions. ladies and gentlemen : i am pleased to inform you that after extensive consultations with key stakeholders, the school with the support of usaid - competitiveness and trade expansion project ( compete ), developed a modular certificate training program whose launch we are all here to witness. i wish to commend the team that steered the process of initiating this important program. in order to further develop this sector, this committee has been transformed into the east african agricultural finance network ( eaafn ) with a view to nurture, deepen and consolidate the sector ’ s capacity building agenda. hon. minister, i also recognize the presence, at this forum, of the inaugural class of the regional certificate program in agricultural finance. i hope the course is has met your expectations. hon. minister, ladies and gentlemen : the rapid growth of microfinance suggests that there may be a large market for rural and agricultural loans. it is therefore important to better understand the demand for and use of agricultural credit to develop effective products, institutions and policies. that is why the caf program mainly targets staff working in the credit and product development units in regional commercial banks, agricultural saccos and micro - finance institutions. hon. minister, ladies and gentlemen, let me conclude by again expressing the central bank of kenya ’ s appreciation of various institutions that have enabled the development of this capacity building

task ahead of us, i shall not extend my remarks any further. i look forward to the fruitful deliberations which i am sure we shall have. thank you for your attention.
forward agenda of the fsb. i have had the pleasure and privilege of working with mark at many international meetings over the last three - and - a - half years, at the bis, the fsb, and the imf. there are many smart central bankers on the international circuit. there are also many sharp financial regulators. bis central bankers ’ speeches • but mark is one of the few who understand both worlds well, equally versed in the big, strategic issues related to macroeconomics and monetary policy and the nuts and bolts of financial markets and regulation. • it is this combination that has enabled mark to bring to our meetings a breadth of vision and depth of insight that make people sit up and listen. • he has a knack for “ herding the cats ” as it were, bringing people together and finding consensus in the cacophony of views that international meetings are noted for. • and mark does this with a cheery disposition, a witty sense of humour, and considerable charm. ladies and gentlemen, please join me in warmly welcoming mark carney. bis central bankers ’ speeches

the resource curse ” source : j. d. sachs & a. m. warner 12. the case of venezuela per cent 1000 bolivares real gdp per capita ( right - hand axis ) unemployment ( left - hand axis ) 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00
##acent. ahead lie further challenges, most stimulating among them, the enlargement of the euro area. i thank you for your attention.

concluded mou ( memorandum of understanding ) with central banks of 6 portuguese speaking countries, including the one signed with the central bank of guinea - bissau today. the documents have enabled us to build up a mechanism whereby communication is systemized ; cooperation in the exchange of market information, professional training, experience and technical skill has been made possible. in addition, in helping local financial institutions to explore overseas markets and to seek business partners, amcm started in 2007 to organize delegations of local financiers to make study tours to angola, brazil, cape verde, mozambique and portugal. more plans of such nature are now in the pipeline. through all these visits, representatives of the financial sector not only have an up - to - date picture of market development, they have also established connections with the local financial institutions and business communities there. with the support of relevant parties, amcm organized in 2009 a seminar for central banks of portuguese speaking countries. apart from central bankers of portuguese speaking countries, commercial attaches of the peoples republic of china in portuguese speaking countries were also invited. the move has injected booster in prompting economic, trade and financial cooperation between china and lusophone countries. economy and finance interact and integrate and have in fact become one entity. all along, the mainland and portuguese capital banks have accounted for the lion ’ s share in the macao market. as regards cooperation in the financial field, some china capital banks have already concluded business cooperation agreements with financial institutions of lusophone countries. for example, bank of china macao branch has concluded memorandum of intent on remittance with development bank of angola and mozambique international bank. in july this year, the industrial and commercial bank of china ( macau ) signed overall business cooperation agreements covering remittance, trade finance, international settlement and syndicated loan with banco espirito santo and commercial bank of portugal. in september, bank of china executed a “ business cooperation framework agreement ” with portugal investment bank. the document provides financial support to china enterprises who want to invest overseas. from the solid examples aforementioned, we can perceive that china capital banks are actively seeking cooperation with portuguese capital banks to explore business opportunity in portuguese speaking markets. on the other hand, portuguese capital banks are making use of the strong mainland banking networks and experience to explore new business opportunity on the mainland. the cooperation between china and portuguese capital banks will further enhance the role played by macao as economic, trade and financial platform between our country and portuguese speaking countries. all these agreements facilitate
this will require the nbu to maintain an active presence on the fx market – both to meet the structural demand for foreign currency and to smooth out significant exchange rate fluctuations. as proper macroeconomic preconditions are created, the nbu will increase the flexibility of the exchange rate and step up its role as the means for the economy to adapt to external and internal shocks. in addition, the nbu will continue to take measures to support the attractiveness of hryvnia savings instruments : deposits and domestic government debt securities. this will restrain demand for foreign currency and, together with fx interventions, will help maintain exchange rate sustainability. such policy will allow keeping inflation moderate throughout the next year. international reserves remain sufficient for supporting exchange rate sustainability the nbu's international reserves were close to usd 39 billion as of the end of november. in the past several months, the reserves decreased only slightly, despite irregular arrival of external financing. the current volume of international reserves is much larger compared to both the start of this year and the period before the invasion. the way the war develops remains the key risk to inflation and the economy. risks to international aid have also increased the war is grinding on. great uncertainty over the duration and intensity of the war persists. as before, the nbu predicts that there will not be any significant reduction in security risks until 2025. if hostilities last longer, the nbu expects additional economic losses and stronger inflationary pressures. the risks to the regularity of external financial assistance have also materialized in part. that said, the nbu expects that external financing will become regular again in the near future. the reasons for optimism include, among other things, the successful completion of the second review of the extended fund facility, as well as assurances in that regard from ukraine's international partners. these assurances are an integral part of this program. the nbu also takes into account the high adaptability of ukrainian businesses and households to wartime challenges. this adaptability largely offsets the negative effects of certain risks. an example of this is the much faster - than - expected increase in exports via the new sea corridor. the expansion of maritime logistics has fully replaced the suspended 2 / 3 bis - central bankers'speeches " grain corridor " and mitigates the effects of the trade and transportation restrictions imposed by some countries. taking into account the successful adaptation of market participants to the new exchange rate regime, the further decline in inflation and improved inflation expectations, the nbu

##4. if required, the nbu stands ready to deploy other tools to avoid the monetary financing of the budget deficit, make hryvnia assets more attractive, increase the resilience of the fx market, and lay the foundations for easing administrative restrictions. thank you for your attention! 3 / 3 bis - central bankers'speeches