price plummeted in 2014 and 2015, the value of our currency fell sharply, reflecting weaker terms of trade. norges bank reduced the key policy rate. this dampened the decline and facilitated structural adjustments in the norwegian economy. as the krone depreciation did not result in demands for wage compensation, competitiveness improved. fiscal policy also responded forcefully. together, this enabled a reasonably swift return to more normal economic conditions. at the same time, low interest rates contributed to increasing housing prices and debt levels in norway, as in some other countries. we are ready to normalise monetary policy over the past couple of years, growth in the norwegian economy has been solid, underpinned by an economic upturn among our trading partners, increasing oil prices and low interest rates. the labour market has improved. spare capacity is gradually diminishing, and capacity utilisation now appears to be close to a normal level. underlying inflation is close to the 2 percent inflation target. against this background, norges bank increased the key policy rate in september – for the first time in seven years. if the economy evolves as we now expect, this is the beginning of a gradual normalisation of the interest rate level. a long period of low interest rates and mounting household debt burdens has led to greater uncertainty surrounding the effects of higher interest rates. this suggests a cautious approach to interest rate setting. rising protectionism internationally and turbulence in some emerging economies adds to the risk picture, with potentially strong negative effects for norway. communication is an important part of our monetary policy. we aim to be transparent and to communicate frequently, simply and clearly. we have published our own interest rate projections since 2005. all through this year we have repeatedly indicated that the key policy rate most likely would be raised after summer. financial stability the financial crisis was a reminder that price stability is not sufficient to guarantee financial stability. in an environment of low global interest rates, there is a clear risk of a build - up of financial imbalances, which increases the risk of new economic downturns further out. norges bank has thus in periods kept its key policy rate somewhat higher than implied by a short - term goal of inflation and output stability. this does not mean that asset prices or debt have been given independent roles as target variables of monetary policy. the decisive factor has been the 2 / 3 bis central bankers'speeches consideration of economic stability over time. the main responsibility for counteracting financial imbalances cannot lie

and stable output and employment and to counteracting the build - up of financial imbalances. norges bank sets the key policy rate with a view to stabilising inflation at the target in the medium term. the horizon will depend on the disturbances to which the economy is exposed and the effects on the outlook for inflation and for output and employment. large and sudden outflows of capital are a potential source of instability for small, open economies. large exchange rate movements have at times been a source of instability. in norway, the household, banking and corporate sectors as a whole take on currency risk to a limited extent. furthermore, government finances are solid, and fiscal policy is not affected to any great extent by short - term exchange rate movements. this allows the exchange rate to play an important role in absorbing shocks to the economy. we have thus been able to reap the benefits of an efficient international capital market without having to deal with its challenges. 1 / 3 bis central bankers'speeches at the same time, in a world of high capital mobility and extensive trade, monetary policy ’ s room for manoeuvre is constrained by the exchange rate channel. in a small open economy with a floating exchange rate, the domestic interest rate can differ from interest rates abroad. however, an interest rate differential that becomes too wide can lead to considerable exchange rate volatility, which will in turn feed through to inflation, output and employment. thus, the domestic interest rate cannot be set without regard to the level of external interest rates. the room for manoeuvre in monetary policy is further constrained in periods when external interest rates are close to or below zero. although the financial crisis in 2008 had a marked impact on norway, our economy was affected to a lesser extent than most other advanced economies. there are a number of reasons for this. the norwegian economy was in an upturn when the crisis hit. commodity prices fell, but soon rebounded. norwegian banks were not directly exposed to loss - making financial instruments backed by subprime us housing mortgages. the banks suffered for a short period when international liquidity dried up, but these problems were resolved. in addition, substantial fiscal leeway enabled policy to respond forcefully, allied with a slashing of interest rates, from 5. 75 percent in september 2008 to 1. 25 percent in june 2009. the economy recovered rather quickly, and we did not need to resort to quantitative easing or interventions in the foreign exchange market. when the oil