and 41. 3 percent in 2009. the proportion of the financially excluded on the other hand has been falling steadily from 39. 3 percent in 2006, to 31. 4 percent in 2009, and 25. 4 percent in 2013. in a nutshell, kenyans have enjoyed better financial access over that period. kenya committed in 2012 at the g - 20 los cabos summit to achieve a higher level of financial inclusion through targeted interventions and strategies. to this end, a range of policies, strategies, products and technology - enabled delivery channels have been rolled - out by the public and private sectors. ensuring the success of these endeavours is key, as financial inclusion is a vital component of sustained inclusive financial sector development, thus contributing significantly to inclusive growth and poverty reduction. our efforts towards ensuring improved financial inclusion to majority of the kenyan population have not gone unnoticed. i am pleased to note that the brookings financial and digital inclusion project report, 2015 ranked kenya as the top - scoring country in financial inclusion world - wide. we are, however, cognizant that enhanced financial inclusion anchored on dynamic innovations brings forth some risks that we need to manage so that they do not negate the success so far achieved. 3. key findings : the first finaccess geospatial mapping survey took place in 2013 and collected geographical information system ( gis ) data on all the financial services access touch points as well as some operational and transactional data through interviewing the financial service providers. the current finaccess geospatial mapping survey, 2015, bis central bankers ’ speeches whose results i am pleased to launch today, collected gis data on both financial and agricultural services access touch points as well as some operational and transactional data. this survey, therefore, provides an update of datasets collected in the baseline survey in 2013 and enhanced understanding of the financial inclusion landscape in kenya and its dynamics over time. in particular : • the 2013 and 2015 gis data provides a visual spatial distribution of the mapped financial and agricultural services access touch points. analysis of the survey data provides better understanding of the financial inclusion constraints, potential opportunities and evidence - based strategies to expand inclusion. the success of these endeavours is well captured in the 2013 and 2015 survey results. • as the results to be launched shortly will show, the financial system is now offering a wider range of financial services and products to more kenyans, while covering a wider geographical spread. compared to the 2013 survey, which captured 64,

19 note : figures are based on continuing observations following the sample revisions. source : ministry of health, labour and welfare. chart 5 i. economic activity and prices u. s. economy employment and prices policy interest rate % y / y % chg. % target range for the federal funds rate unemployment rate ( left scale ) cpi ( all items, right scale ) cy 19 cy 19 sources : bloomberg ; haver. chart 6 i. economic activity and prices price developments cpi y / y % chg. energy food products goods ( less food products ) aug. 2024 services + 2. 8 % cpi ( less fresh food ) + 2. 0 % cpi ( less fresh food and energy ) - 1 - 2 cy 19 source : ministry of internal affairs and communications. chart 7 i. economic activity and prices developments in services prices price change distribution of general services 2. april 2024 1. april 2023 share of the number of items, % share of the number of items, % low labor cost ratio low labor cost ratio high labor cost ratio high labor cost ratio - 2 or less - 2 or less or more y / y % chg. or more y / y % chg. notes : 1. figures show the cpi for general services ( less housing rent ). figures are staff estimates and exclude the effects of policies concerning the provision of free education and the effects of travel subsidy programs. 2. cpi items are matched to the items in the 2015 input - output tables for japan and grouped in terms of the share of " wages and salaries " and other labor costs in the domestic output of those items. figures for items with a high ( low ) labor cost ratio are for items that fall into the top ( bottom ) 50 percent in general services ( less housing rent ). source : ministry of internal affairs and communications. chart 8 i. economic activity and prices developments in underlying inflation 1. low - volatility items and trend component for services ( reference ) cpi y / y % chg. 2. inflation expectations cpi ( less fresh food ) 4 % 4 % cpi ( low - volatility items ) trend component of the cpi for services scheduled cash earnings of full - time employees - 1 cy 12 sub - index for households sub - index for firms sub - index for economists and market participants - 1 cy 12 composite index of inflation expectations ( 10 - year ahead ） - 1 cy 12 notes : 1. in the left - hand chart, figures are staff estimates and exclude