to compensation are also proposed. in order to determine how large a part of the loss the customer should be responsible for, it will be necessary to assess how negligent the customer has been. the customers must therefore be informed of the definitions of the different degrees of negligence. if the customers are unclear about the speech by lars nyberg ( 2008 ) : “ paying is expensive – are we using too much cash? ”. rights and obligations they have, this will probably lead to fewer of them wanting to use cards in the future. the new regulation will increase the cardholders ’ responsibility. the banks and the card industry can help by intensifying their efforts to protect customers against unauthorised transactions. one element of this may be to accelerate the phase - out of magnetic strips and replace them with chips or similar technology. the requirement that all card terminals and atms should use chips is a good first step as skimming and the use of stolen cards constitute more than half of all the cases of card fraud in sweden today. 7 it is important that the customers feel that paying with cards that contain chips is simple and convenient. a uniform standard for how cards should be placed in card terminals can save time and reduce the risk of customers leaving cards behind after purchases have been made. the principle should be the same as for cars : irrespective of the make of car, we know where the accelerator and the brake pedals are placed! better reporting of the number of frauds and how much they cost the card industry would also be desirable. it is after all the cardholders that ultimately have to foot the bill and it is reasonable to expect that all the relevant information should be available to them. such an approach would also increase the cardholders ’ confidence in the cards. in france there is a forum for representatives of the authorities and the card industry. they work to inform customers, shop owners, car issuers and other authorities about the security levels in the various card systems. they also provide information about the extent of card fraud in france. 8 wouldn ’ t it be a good idea to introduce this in sweden too? the riksbank and cash but what, as the issuer of banknotes and coins, is the riksbank doing to improve the efficiency of cash management? quite a lot has actually happened in recent years. the riksbank began five years ago to offer the commercial banks the opportunity to establish private depots for receiving and distributing cash. behind this move lay

this virtual ore. some of us may still remember being able to buy a 2 - ore or 5 - ore toffee at the sweetshop. there were also 25 - ore comics and the 25 - ore coin was very real. but times change. the proposal for the new banknote and coin series is that we should introduce a new 200 - krona banknote and reintroduce the 2 - kronor coin. whether the 20 - kronor banknote should be retained or be converted into a coin is also a matter that is being discussed. the final decision on the new banknote and coin series has not yet been made. new means of payment so far, i have mainly spoken about cards and cash. but technology is also developing rapidly as regards other means of payment. in stockholm and a number of other swedish cities, the sms function of a mobile phone can be used, for example, to pay for bus tickets. this is an interesting example of the manner in which technology can also create new means of payment. we are, as you know, not alone in using mobile payments, these are already available in highly - developed countries like japan and in less - developed countries like kenya. in kenya, mobile payments have already taken over large parts of the payment market. sweden is a highly - developed country with a lot of expertise regarding the internet and mobile telephony. we should be able to be at the cutting edge of the development of mobile payments. it will be interesting to follow whether swedish banks, card issuers and telecom operators will further develop this payment method, for example by means of real - time payments 9 initiated from a mobile phone. real - time payments are already available in the uk. the british company vocalink has introduced faster payments, a service that processes payments in real time. vocalink has also been commissioned by the swedish payment system bgc to take over the operation and development of its system. as part of this work, bgc and vocalink have also examined the possibility of introducing faster payments in sweden. the banks are already able to make larger payments in real time via the riksbank ’ s rix system, which is an rtgs 10 system. in order to enable real - time payments for smaller amounts, discussions are currently being held between the riksbank and bgc concerning the provision of special bgc accounts in the rix system, which can be used even when the system is closed. the advantage of this solution is