joanne kellermann : the challenge of diversity in central banks speech by ms a j kellermann, executive director of the netherlands bank, at the european central bank ( ecb ) diversity forum, frankfurt am main, 28 march 2011. * * * within de nederlandsche bank, role models are important for the emancipation of its female staff. as the first and only woman on dnb ’ s governing board, i am glad to act as a role model in that sense. although dnb may appear to be a male bastion, it ’ s good to remember that its continuance – shortly after its establishment – depended on a woman : the widow borski. when king willem i founded de nederlandsche bank in 1814, not all of the 5000 issued shares were sold immediately. however, madam borski had confidence in the newly established bank and, in 1815, she decided to buy the remaining 2000 shares. her purchase was subject to a secret condition that the king would not issue any extra shares for three years. many years later madam borski sold her shares at a tidy profit. introduction – general many women are inclined by nature to wait until the organisation notices their management potential. they only apply for a position if they comfortably meet all the job requirements. when interviewing job candidates of their own sex, recruiters tend to more easily recognise gender - specific aspects and to value them more highly. personal within our organisation too – despite our successful diversity policy – these gender aspects sometimes play a significant role. as a woman member of dnb ’ s governing board, i see it as my task to speak out in such situations. for example, not a single woman was included in a recent list of potential candidates for the position of divisional director. however, i was able to intervene to add the name of a good female candidate to the list. why do we need a diversity policy? dnb is convinced that diversity among its staff will lead to better results. in view of the tighter labour market, dnb is keen to use female potential. finally, as a guardian of financial stability, dnb has an important social role. in keeping with our social responsibility, we wish to pursue a diversity policy that ensures that our workforce is a good reflection of our society. this means that diversity within dnb embraces more than just the gender aspect, which i am focusing on today. cases in point are employees with different cultural backgrounds, an occupational handicap or different sexual preferences. i ’ m glad

prasarn trairatvorakul : economic transformation and inclusive growth in frontier economies welcome and opening remarks by dr prasarn trairatvorakul, governor of the bank of thailand, at the conference on “ economic transformation and inclusive growth in frontier economies ”, jointly organized by the international monetary fund ( imf ) and the japan international cooperation agency ( jica ), bangkok, 28 january 2013. * * * ministers and central bank governors, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, 1. it gives me great pleasure and honor to welcome each and every one of you to thailand, and more specifically, to the conference on “ economic transformation and inclusive growth in frontier economies ”. this event is the second in a series of conference jointly organized by the international monetary fund ( imf ) and the japan international cooperation agency ( jica ). 2. the topic of the conference is timely and relevant to current developments in the region. frontier economies are new and becoming large markets. they all have the potential to grow into tomorrow ’ s emerging economies. in recent years, we witness faster economic growth in frontier economies than larger emerging economies. we have seen frontier economies integrate into the regional and global economy. 3. frontier economies are full of potential. however, continued efforts on strengthening policy frameworks are still needed. this is to ensure long term economic growth and sustain robust economy. and i believe that today ’ s conference will contribute to these efforts as we will share and learn the appropriate lessons of others. one can leap jump the process, without repeating the mistakes. our discussion will revolve around the critical decisions on policy considerations for economic development and the way forward. 4. sharing lessons about economic development leads naturally into a discussion about the development experiences of thailand. thailand ’ s rapid growth between the late 1970s and 1997 was the result of the structural transformation. we moved from primary production to industrial production, mostly manufacturing and high - value agricultural products. the combination of ( 1 ) processed agricultural products, ( 2 ) import substitution industrialization, and ( 3 ) export promotion was the principal feature of economic development. 5. moving up global production chains elevated thailand ’ s per capita income of $ 100 in the early 1960s to nearly $ 3, 000 after 1997. more importantly, the process has resulted in the dramatic fall in poverty and improved the living conditions of the thai people. the rate of poverty had been reduced from 57 per cent in early 1960s to around 24 per cent in 1981 and to 8