lastly, funds will be set aside for public sector employment. the fund for the ‘ citizen ’ s income and pension ’. – the fund for the introduction of the ‘ citizen ’ s income and pension ’ will have a total endowment of €9 billion per annum ( about €7 billion net of the sums coming from the fund to combat for public sector investment, this also includes the funds allocated to local governments. poverty, which are presently set aside to finance the ‘ minimum income scheme ’ ). the draft budget law only indicates the purpose of the measures : combating poverty, inequality and social exclusion and guaranteeing the right to work. following the economic crisis, the absolute poverty ratio has risen considerably among households, from 3. 5 per cent in 2007 to 6. 9 per cent in 2017. the increase has been particularly marked ( from 1. 9 to 9. 6 per cent ) among households with a younger ‘ reference person ’, i. e. under 35 years of age, which include a larger proportion of foreigners ( in 2016, in 60 per cent of younger poor households the reference person was foreign ). instead, the poverty ratio is stable – and below average – for households whose head is over 65 years of age ( 4. 8 per cent in 2007 and 4. 6 per cent in 2017 ). given the amount of resources allocated, the ‘ citizen ’ s income ’ should be considerably more generous than the current ‘ inclusion income scheme ’, not only as regards its amount but also in terms of the number of beneficiaries. it is very important, therefore, that it should be designed so as not to discourage the supply of regular employment by providing for efficacious incentives and sufficient checks to prevent misuse. 4 the budgetary provisions allocate part of the fund ’ s resources ( €1 billion in 2019 and in 2020 ) to reinforce the employment centres, which at the moment play only a marginal role in matching the demand and supply of labour. if the measures to reinforce the employment centres are to be promptly effective, organisational and regulatory changes will almost certainly be needed as well. responsibility for the employment centres is split between several levels of government, and the ways in which they cooperate with private sector agencies continue to be ill - defined despite the institution of the national agency for active labour policies in 2015. we calculate, based on istat data, that in 2017, only slightly over 25 per cent of job - seekers contacted an employment centre ; the share of unemployed

business income ) measures to counter tax evasion settlement of tax liabilities ( net effect ) measures relating to gaming and tobacco reflex effects of measures on public sector employment other 8, 439 4, 260 1, 986 8, 701 2, 373 1, 236 1, 356 1, 337 8, 929 1, 453 1, 260 1, 912 1, 641 1, 024 decreased expenditure ( b ) current expenditure measures to reduce expenditure of ministries of which : to rationalise expenditure on management of immigration centres other capital expenditure reprogramming of expenditure measures to reduce expenditure of ministries other - 3, 690 - 1, 049 - 1, 045 - 400 - 5 - 2, 641 - 1, 640 - 401 - 600 - 1, 464 - 1, 414 - 1, 230 - 550 - 184 - 50 - 398 - 302 - 2, 245 - 2, 335 - 1, 327 - 650 - 1, 009 - 345 - 304 uses of funds 33, 976 36, 959 36, 443 decreased revenue ( c ) remodulation of vat and customs duties safeguard clauses extension of the regime forfettario for small businesses ( net effect ) subsitute tax on sole proprietorships and self - employed workers ( net effect ) cancellation of debts up to €1000 in hands of tax collection agents special tax treatment of re - invested profits extension and modification of hyper - amortisation extension of deductions for property renovations ( net effect ) other - 13, 533 - 12, 472 - 331 - 99 - 666 - 10, 724 - 5, 500 - 1, 816 - 109 - 99 - 1, 948 - 368 - 595 - 290 - 10, 546 - 4, 001 - 1, 370 - 1, 129 - 99 - 1, 808 - 728 - 887 - 524 increased expenditure ( d ) current expenditure fund for ‘ citizen ’ s income and pensions ’ fund for pension system review public sector employment of which : contract renewals fund for implementation of the government programme other capital expenditure fund for central government investment investment by local authorities business support measures compensation scheme for savers other 20, 444 16, 024 6, 802 6, 700 1, 455 4, 419 2, 200 1, 300 26, 235 19, 218 6, 842 7, 000 1, 568 3,