to these guidelines, economic policy advice should be based on sound and rigorous evidence. the guidelines also point out that transparency, replicability, neutrality and independence should be key aspects of impact assessments and ex post policy evaluation. a lot has happened since the initial adoption of these guidelines. populism is on the rise, the economy is becoming increasingly digital, trade tensions have intensified and we may even see a reversal of globalization, there are concerns about climate change, and policy uncertainty surrounding brexit but also more globally. all of these challenges increase uncertainty and may affect economic structures in the longer - term. evidence - based policy is needed more than ever. how else are we to answer key questions facing society? we need to understand the drivers of inflation, productivity and growth, the role of policy, the effects of post - crisis financial sector reforms, and, more generally, the effectiveness of policies that internalize externalities – be it in the financial sector or with regard to environmental spillovers. not all of these questions can be answered with hard, causal evidence. but learning how the economy is functioning, and understanding the mechanisms and incentives through which policy instruments affect the way people and firms behave is crucial. the best strategy to counter distrust in public authorities and the spread of “ fake news ” is a structured policy process. we need transparency about what policy institutions are doing and how they operate, not least through good communication. notwithstanding the erosion of trust in governments and political institutions since the crisis, there is indeed great demand for reliable evidence and expert knowledge. according to a survey by the pew research center, for example, demand for scientific knowledge in the united states is fairly high and has even increased slightly in recent years. [ 6 ] yet, views diverge regarding the roles scientists should play in policy debates ; potential biases and lack of independence in expert views are issues that many respondents consider to be relevant. trust is thus important, and trust needs to be earned. trust also implies that citizens want a transparent and objective decision making process. [ 7 ] therefore, we have taken the principles for evidence - based policy to heart and are working on operationalizing them in the policy areas for which we are responsible. generally speaking, a lot has also happened with regard to evidence - based policy making over the past few years. let me give you an example : very nearby, the halle institute for economic research founded a centre for evidence - based policy advice ( iwh - cep ) in 2014. this platform

rechtsetzung und burokratieabbau “ ). 11. https : / / www. leopolidina. org / themen / thema - evidenzbasierte - politikgestaltung / 12. https : / / www. fsb. org / work - of - the - fsb / implementation - monitoring / effects - of - reforms / 13. https / / www. fsb. org / 2019 / 05 / fsb - launches - evaluation - of - too - big - to - fail - reforms - and - invitesfeedback - fram - stakeholders / 14. see financial regulation assessment : meta exercise ( https : / / stats. bis. org / frame / ). 15. https : / / www. bundesbank. de / en / bundesbank / research / rdsc / research - data - and - service - centrerdsc - - 617900. 16. the bundesbank is part of coleridge ’ s rich context work stream, 17. https : / / blog. repec. org / 2019 / 09 / 01 / new - initiative - to - help - with - discovery - of - dataset - use - inscholarly - work /