inicio > intervencao do governador, carlos da silva costa, no banco central da croacia ( apenas em ingles ) > intervencao do governador, carlos da silva costa, no banco central da croacia ( apenas em ingles ) intervencao do governador, carlos da silva costa, no banco central da croacia ( apenas em ingles ) two decades with the euro : portugal ’ s perspective lecture by governor carlos da silva costa on the occasion of his visit to hrvatska narodna banka, zagreb 1. introductory remarks good morning. i would like to thank governor boris vujcic for his kind invitation to visit the croatian national bank and for the opportunity to share the portuguese experience with the euro with you and the steps that led to its adoption in 1999. first of all i would like to express my satisfaction with croatia ’ s intention to join erm ii and the banking union by mid - 2020, as well as to congratulate the croatian authorities on the remarkable progress the country has made since it became part of the european union. as one of the eleven founding members of the euro area, portugal's preparation for the introduction of the single currency took place in a very different context from the one in which croatia will adopt the euro. on the one hand, because, at the time, the process involved the simultaneous assessment of all the european union ( eu ) countries and the launch of a completely new currency. in particular, it required : • ( i ) a decision on which of all those countries fulfilled the necessary conditions ; • ( ii ) the creation of multiple eu - wide preparatory work - streams and coordination networks at the level of central banks and public administrations among others, so as to ensure a smooth and balanced transition ; • ( iii ) the launch of the euro and the subsequent physical introduction of previously non - existent notes and coins. on the other hand, because the european regulatory framework and institutional architecture have significantly evolved since then, notably following the responses to the financial crisis and the establishment of the banking union. however, despite all the differences in the framework conditions and starting points, i am convinced that the portuguese experience with the exchange rate mechanism ( erm ) of the european monetary system and with the euro and the lessons that can be drawn from that experience may provide a useful point of reference for croatia. in order to give you a more complete picture, allow me to highlight some key developments and regime changes

zeti akhtar aziz : regional integration and global integration – is there a conflict? speech by dr zeti akhtar aziz, governor of the central bank of malaysia ( bank negara malaysia ), at the official monetary and financial institutions forum kuala lumpur debate, kuala lumpur, 20 march 2015. * * * it is my great pleasure to welcome you to the inaugural kuala lumpur debates, which is being held on the side of the 19th asean finance ministers and central bank governors meetings. it is envisaged for this to be the first in a series of kl debates intended to serve as a strategic forum for policy makers, industry players as well as members of the public to constructively discuss the key issues confronting the economies of our region and thus to facilitate greater understanding as we work towards building stronger foundations for sustainable growth. the motion that is put forward for debate today is “ regional integration and global integration : is there a conflict ”. the debate format is chosen to allow both points of view to be heard, thereby ensuring a balanced discussion and evaluation of the issues. this topic is highly relevant to asean as there have been various views on asean integration and what it means for the rest of the world. east asia in particular has become more integrated than ever before as manifested by the size of intra - regional trade, which now accounts for about half of the region ’ s total trade in 2014, and the increase in intra - regional investment flows ( foreign direct investment for asean - 10 for example rose more than 50 percent to 17 % in 2013 from 11 % in 2003 ). regional cooperation such as the harmonisation of rules, liberalisation and deregulation in various economic sectors, enhancing regional safety nets, has also intensified since the asian financial crisis. the increase in the network of dialogue has also brought the region closer together. these trends have coincided with asia ’ s increasing significance, influence and integration in the world economy, with the region contributing to more than half of global growth since 2008. there is hence a growing international interest to better understand the region and the implications of the greater regional integration in asia within the context of the global economy. i believe we have an eminent and well qualified panel of speakers to provide us their perspectives on this topic. i hope you enjoy listening to their views. i am certainly looking forward to it. on that note, i wish to thank omfif for co - hosting this debate with bank negara malaysia. bis central bankers ’ speeches