samchain/econo-pairs-v2 huggingface dataset:
account of the recent developments. i hope you will have fruitful discussions at this two - day meeting and subsequent meetings of the g20, leading up to the finance ministers and central bank governors meeting in fukuoka in june. i look forward to meeting you all again later this year. thank you for your attention.

january 17, 2019 bank of japan opening remarks at the g20 finance and central bank deputies meeting haruhiko kuroda governor of the bank of japan good afternoon. it is a great honor for me to work with you and to serve as co - chair with minister aso at the g20 finance ministers and central bank governors meetings this year. the g20 was established in 1999, twenty years ago. it was the year when the euro was introduced and two years after the asian financial crisis. i attended the inaugural meeting in berlin as vice - minister of finance for international affairs. the main objective of the g20 was to promote cooperation among systemically significant economies including emerging market economies, in order to achieve stable and sustainable global growth. later, the leaders'summit was initiated in response to the global financial crisis in 2008, and the g20 played a significant role in coordinating policy responses to the crisis. since then, as the world economy has recovered from the crisis, the g20 has discussed a wide range of issues to promote strong, sustainable, balanced, and inclusive growth. while the role and agenda of the g20 have evolved over time, i would like to point out three important values that have been emphasized consistently, based on my long - time involvement in the g20 since its inauguration. first, we recognize that the expansion of cross - border transactions of goods, services, and finance will benefit all countries. we need to conduct policies so that many people can enjoy the positive effects of international trade and capital flows on growth and productivity gains, while minimizing their potential negative impacts. second, we need to be forward - looking in preparing for policy responses to medium - to long - term challenges. for instance, under japan's presidency this year, we will discuss policy responses to aging. japan is currently the most aged society in the world. sooner or later, however, other economies will face a similar situation. many issues must be considered in our efforts to cope with an aging society, including fiscal, monetary, and structural policies. i believe the g20 provides a valuable forum for discussion and mutual understanding of these issues. third, we value the importance of inclusive growth, that is, the dividends of economic growth should be distributed fairly and equally across the whole society. the g20 has discussed policy agendas to enhance the overall living standards of low - income countries in a sustainable manner. in addition, we need to address the increasing inequality in advanced economies as well, taking
independence economic history. the author traces our contribution to barbados ’ economic diversification, in particular, our leadership in supporting the establishment of, and later defending, our international financial services sector, highlights our support for businesses through the credit guarantee schemes and details the decisions on the creation of our currency. he reflects on the implementation and long - term maintenance of our fixed exchange rate and shares the factors that underpin our economic growth. our oversight function in exchange control matters, the value of our research and our advice to government, and, of course, our many social and cultural programmes also feature prominently in the work. our contribution on the world stage does not go unnoticed. the book refers to the many staff who worked at or with international organizations. in her recollections, former governor, dr. marion williams, recalls candidly her experience in defending barbados and other small islands in the international arena on significant issues that posed severe threats to our very survival. together, these revelations show how we represented our country beyond these shores. 1 / 3 bis central bankers'speeches we would not have made such an indelible mark at home and abroad without the hard work and dedication of our staff and leaders, and i would wish to pay tribute to all central bankers who brought us to this stage in our history. many of them, we feature in the work. special commendations as well to our leaders : sir courtney blackman, the late dr. kurleigh king, mr. calvin springer, mr. winston cox, dr. marion williams, and dr. delisle worrell. they all brought different leadership styles to manage the bank but had one goal in mind : creating and maintaining an institution of world - class excellence. harold captures their contributions, and they all tell a story of creating an exemplary institution, that promoted strong leadership, produced excellent output, nurtured talented staff, and built a resilient economy and society. their recollections are very insightful, and they reveal the heart, soul and conscience of who we are. we learn a lot from their experiences. writing a book is not an easy task, as harold admits in the preface. authors must research, conceptualise, brainstorm, draft and redraft, edit, agonise about the completeness and accuracy of their story, and withstand the judgements of their critics. harold, you ’ ll hear soon the critiques of your readers. i thank you for your commitment to telling our story and

government policies to drive structural changes. 2 / 2 bis - central bankers'speeches
speech working together for climate neutrality : what role do stable banks play? speech by claudia buch, chair of the supervisory board of the ecb, at ‘ ’ the week of the environment ” berlin, 4 june 2024 thank you very much for inviting me to the opening of the seventh week of the environment. i am delighted to talk today about the significance of climate - related and environmental risks for the stability of the economy and the financial system – a very important topic for us at the european central bank. because climate change and nature degradation are everywhere. they are palpable, hold major risks and cause massive damage to the economy. not just in the distant future but here and now, right on our doorstep. floods, droughts and heatwaves have already caused considerable financial damage in the europe. studies show that, if nothing is done, global heating in the period up to 2050 could lead to a loss in global economic output of several percentage points per year. [ 2 ] the loss of biodiversity would also have considerable economic costs. we need to protect our climate and environment today if we are to live in a secure and stable world tomorrow. climate protection and biodiversity are a necessity if people and firms are to be able to plan with confidence for their future – without worrying that their livelihoods and businesses are endangered. climate - related and environmental risks also affect the banking sector. because banks are an important bridge to the future. their loans reflect the economic structures of the past – for example loans made to companies with high carbon dioxide emissions. banks can at the same time help to shape the future by making new loans, for example to producers of renewable energy. such financing is important, as by 2030 carbon dioxide emissions in europe have to be cut by 55 %. [ 4 ] that will require investment. banks cannot provide this financing alone, as the investments are often long - term and risky, and also require capital market financing. but banks certainly play an important role in the financing of the green transition. why is the european central bank ( ecb ) interested in climate - related and environmental risks? climate and environmental policy are not the role of a central bank. they must be shaped by elected parliaments. but the ecb has to consider the effects of climate change and climate policy when carrying out its mandates. the ecb ’ s monetary policy mandate is affected by the overall economic impact of climate change. but the ecb has another important role alongside monetary policy : it supervises

is a source of vulnerability for europe's banking sector. if the banking union had been complete, the recent contagion from the united states and switzerland to the eu financial system would have been far more muted. the lack of a complete banking union is still a very wide gap in the eu's institutional framework. thank you for your attention. 4 / 4 bis - central bankers'speeches
research academy and the communication office who worked on the publication from the initial concept to the end to see it in print. of course, we will have a digital version, right? you have my utmost thanks. it is my hope that this book will serve as a valuable resource to policymakers, employers, and laborers alike, and, maybe, even people who are writing the script for telenovelas. thank you very much, and mabuhay tayong lahat. 3 / 3 bis - central bankers'speeches

to grow by 2. 0 % in 2005 according to the fund's world economic outlook ( weo ). this is not as spectacular as the united states, which grew by 4. 2 % in 2004 and whose weo growth forecast is 3. 5 % for 2005. nevertheless, it is a respectable growth path compared to some other mature industrialized economies. i believe that this moderate growth trend can be sustained for some time. what does this mean for monetary policy? the bank of japan is maintaining the policy framework of quantitative easing. as you know, under this framework, the bank supplies liquidity far in excess of required reserves, creating an environment where short - term interest rates stay very close to zero. another element of our present policy framework is a firm commitment to maintaining that environment until year - on - year inflation, as measured by core cpi, is stably zero or above. 5 / 6 currently, japanese core cpi is still declining slightly, and the bank of japan steadfastly adheres to the commitment i have just explained. by doing so, we are supporting the japanese economy's return to a stable and sustainable path of growth. thank you for your attention. it has been a pleasure speaking to you. 6 / 6
- day bill, will be replaced by the overnight interbank rate. an awareness and outreach campaign targeting various stakeholders will also be rolled out in january. rest assured that the bank will continue to work in the best interests of the country and its population. we will continue to monitor the situation closely, and stand ready to convene the mpc as and when necessary. before i end, i seize this opportunity to wish you and your family a joyous festive season and a very happy new year 2023. thank you. i now welcome your questions. 6 / 6 bis - central bankers'speeches

. 2 / 3 bis - central bankers'speeches we are making online and printed versions of the abridged historical booklet available to the general public, in german and in english. after that, the full academic volume and the monographs will be published. based on the publications, we will set up further projects to disseminate the study findings. before i give the floor to you, professor brechtken and professor ritschl, may i express – on behalf of everyone involved in this project – our appreciation and gratitude for all your work. 3 / 3 bis - central bankers'speeches
there are a large number of national operators with relatively few customers. nor do we have a common energy market. the energy shock following russia's attack on ukraine has made this weakness plain to see. a more integrated market for grid - dependent energy sources would improve efficiency. a good network infrastructure would also help to integrate renewable energy into the electricity system and thus achieve the eu's climate policy objectives. what is more, the green transformation of the economy requires substantial investment. which is, by the way, one reason why we need the capital markets union so urgently. when it comes to trade in services and the digital sector, there is also a lot to do. services are by nature more difficult to trade over long distances than goods. but the high level of national regulation is another reason why there is so much less crossborder trade in services than in goods. however, digitalisation provides a great opportunity to overcome the hurdles of physical distance. it has the potential to give the single market a fresh boost. i congratulate you, enrico, on your report. it contains many valuable suggestions – not least regarding digitalisation. i hope that it will provide impetus for necessary and meaningful measures. 1 speech by federal chancellor olaf scholz at the 23rd german banking congress on 23 april 2024 in berlin 3 / 3 bis - central bankers'speeches

become clear that many promising international initiatives have already been launched. however, further effort is strongly needed in order to enhance transparency, market discipline and financial stability. obviously, financial regulation is currently being improved on in other aspects as well, in particular as regards banking regulation. but getting into these details would surely go beyond the scope of my speech. thank you very much for your attention.
of sbi for inviting me. thank you all. wassalaamalaikum 2 / 2 bis central bankers'speeches

ahmed naseer : the need for increased efficiency and dynamism of the financial sector speech by mr ahmed naseer, governor of the maldives monetary authority, at the 45th anniversary of state bank of india ’ s male branch, male, 11 february 2019. * * * your excellency the president of republic of maldives honorable ibrahim mohamed solih, vice president honorable faisal naseem, managing director state bank of india mr. dinesh khara country manager state bank of india mr. amritesh mohan distinguished guests ladies and gentlemen : assalamalaikum and a very good evening to you all. it is an honour and a pleasure to say a few words this evening, on the proud occasion of the 45th anniversary of sbi male ’. i take this opportunity to congratulate sbi – the wisdom, the leadership and the vision of the management and the hard work of the staff for having made sbi a proud, i must say an inseparable, business partner of the maldives. over the past four and a half decades, the management and staff of sbi has contributed selflessly to the development of the maldivian economy and the financial sector of the maldives mr. president, your presence here today demonstrates the importance you attach to the development of the financial sector in the maldives. i am confident that your presence would be a reassurance for all the businesses and individuals who continue to foster a close relationship with sbi – known to its customers as india bank or state bank. sbi male ’ was the very first bank established in the maldives which started its operations in 1974 – a big milestone for maldives ; a defacto central bank that would handle all the banking activities of the government of maldives came into existence ; mma was institutionalized almost half a decade later in 1981. sbi has continued to play a prominent role in the development of the financial sector and the maldivian economy. i would like to emphasize that sbi is the largest foreign bank in the maldives, holding a significant market share of around 20 percent in terms of total assets and deposits of the industry. as of december 31, 2018, sbi has extended 5. 3 billion maldivian rufiyaa as loans and advances to the private sector, representing almost a quarter of the total loan portfolio of the industry. more than half of the portfolio is extended towards tourism ; construction and real estate ; and trade and commerce activities. i applaud your commitment to the economic growth of
primary payment systems – chaps, faster payments and bacs – will be using the same messaging standard. this will be a major step towards interoperability of the uk payment systems and should facilitate improved contingency arrangements for critical and time sensitive payments as described above. and iso20022 messages will contain richer data in payments, ensuring that psps can easily identify and prioritise the most critical payments for processing during contingency scenarios. in the last few days we have received the industry feedback on our like - for - like schemas for chaps, the final version of which will be published in december alongside more information on our transition approach. the schema for the enhanced messages will be published towards the end of 2020, aiming to cut over to the iso messages in the first half of 2022. conclusion https : / / www. bankofengland. co. uk / report / 2019 / sector - simulation - exercise - simex - 2018 - report all speeches are available online at www. bankofengland. co. uk / news / speeches there is a significant amount of work underway to ensure the continued resilience of the uk ’ s payments infrastructure. and this work must continue, both practical activities such as testing, and also the development and promotion of standards. given the network nature of payments, this is not something the bank of england can undertake in isolation. it is a journey we are on with many of you here today – the financial institutions that use chaps and rtgs to provide critical payment services to customers. and we continue to work closely with other fmis such as swift, pay. uk and payment system operators in other countries to develop consistent approaches and solutions. to ensure resilience is maintained end - to - end, payment system participants, operators and suppliers will need to continue to evolve their resiliency arrangements and cyber security protocols. while some changes can be delivered by organisations in isolation, many require the industry to work together to improve the overall level of resilience, and ultimately stability. all speeches are available online at www. bankofengland. co. uk / news / speeches

role in reducing risk in the system, alongside the overall improvements in capital, risk management, and the financial infrastructure. further progress in strengthening risk management practices is an investment worth making, particularly at a time when the markets appear to be pricing in a relatively benign view of risk in the financial system and in the economy overall.
##isation might include the rapid assessment of the rough order of magnitude of the negative equity, placing the bank into statutory management, freezing withdrawals for a short period, deduction of a proportion of all obligations of an immediate nature and recording deductions against the name of the obligatee in a memorandum account, guaranteeing the residual obligations of the institution, if not the entire institution, and reopening the institution. over time, the application of partial equity conversions to other time obligations as they fall due and the conversion of creditor obligations into equity could take place. while avoiding the complexity, costs and moral hazard of deposit insurance, ex ante the prospect of bank creditor recapitalisations may provide creditors with an incentive to monitor their bank and insist on levels of capital closer to the socially optimal level. a credible creditor recapitalisation option may avoid the need for and inefficiency induced by a deposit insurance regime. it may avoid the need for intrusive regulatory oversight. it seeks to protect the taxpayers interest. it may significantly reduce the public subsidy to depositors and other bank creditors arising from the put option they have not paid for and reduce the excess returns to bank shareholders from running an undercapitalised bank. it would appear to impose few administrative costs on banks to counter what is perceived to be a very low probability event. of course, it is possible to consider a world of deposit insurance for small depositors and haircuts for other bank creditors or for a bank creditor recapitalisation scheme that distinguished between small and large creditors. of course, a deposit insurance scheme does not provide a solution to the question of how a systemically important bank should be recapitalised. what is envisaged is a regime that requires pre - positioning of creditor recapitalisation capability within registered banks, and thereby offers the prospect of preserving the credit origination, liquidity transformation, and payment facilitation services while avoiding the worst liquidity impacts of a bank failure. by ‘ pre - positioning'i mean that as part of their business continuity plans banks might be required to confirm they had the systems capability to implement a creditor recapitalisation within a specified number of business days and banks could confirm their ability to ‘ reconnect'with a bank which had been recapitalised with bank creditors'funds. politicians and regulators would no doubt wish to retain the flexibility to nationalise, recapitalise, or liquid

bank this morning. please share yours too. the latest consultation is now open until 16 august 2019. it sets out more questions about the tools and powers we have to do our job. i encourage you all to review the material on the treasury website and make contributions based on your own experience. ref # 8108464 v6. 6
setting of a countercyclical capital buffer. 12 moreover, the ecb is empowered to increase the national countercyclical capital buffer, if the level set by the national macroprudential authority is deemed inadequate. furthermore, the national macroprudential authority in a number of countries is also empowered to employ borrower - based measures ( such as loan - to - value ratios or loan - to - income ratios ) to improve resilience and lean against the financial cycle. in addition, national fiscal policies can also play a role in mitigating the financial cycle, both through macroeconomic and microeconomic channels ( lane 2016 ). importantly, the recent quantitative model developed by philippe martin and thomas philippon demonstrates the complementary roles of macroprudential and fiscal policies in limiting macro - financial volatility in the euro area, with joint deployment more effective than if either instrument were used on its own ( martin and philippon 2016 ). in relation to the inter - relation between financial stability risks and low policy rates, it is important to appreciate that the more quickly inflation approaches the target level, the more quickly will 3 / 5 bis central bankers'speeches policy rates re - normalise, allaying fears of a “ low for long ” stagnation scenario vis - a - vis nominal interest rates. put differently, forceful accommodative monetary policy in the short run is the best method to ensure that policy rates do not stay low for longer than is necessary. conclusions in this speech, i have attempted to provide an overview of the governing council ’ s current monetary policy stance. the governing council is committed to preserving the very substantial amount of monetary support that is embedded in the ecb staff projections and that is necessary to secure a return of the inflation target over the medium term. if warranted, the governing council will act by using all the instruments available within its mandate. meanwhile, the governing council has tasked the relevant committees to evaluate the options that ensure a smooth implementation of the purchase programme. finally, monetary policy is not the only policy instrument that should be deployed in the current euro area environment. the governing council routinely points out that fiscal policy also has an important role to play in supporting economic recovery through a variety of mechanisms, together with policy actions that would enhance medium - term growth prospects, improve resilience and strengthen the financial system. references brunnermeier, markus k., and yann koby “ the reversal interest rate : the effective lower bound

, barcelona, 11 june 2014. bis central bankers ’ speeches