the potential risks associated with new technologies should not be a source of fear. fear of artificial intelligence and innovation should not be an obstacle to unlocking the considerable potential of these tools to improve the way we work. international cooperation and sharing good practices we are committed to making our supervision more effective through the use of data and innovative tools. and we are doing so together with our partners around the world. we 2 / 3 bis - central bankers'speeches are all facing similar challenges – from mexico to south africa, from the united kingdom to india. this is why, in my view, working closely with other supervisors and central banks and sharing our knowledge is crucial. 6 and in recent years we have in fact strengthened our cooperation with our partners. together with the bank of england and the financial conduct authority, for example, we have identified some initial areas in which we can collaborate to develop suptech tools. let us – together – have an open dialogue about good practices and use cases for suptech tools. let us unlock the considerable potential of data and innovative tools to chart the future course of banking supervision. and let us prepare for any potential risks that the technological revolution may bring. embedding a strong data culture in supervision will be key if we are to continue delivering high - quality, efficient and effective supervision in the years to come. thank you for your attention. 1 kim, a., muhn, m. and nikolaev, v. v. ( 2024 ), " financial statement analysis with large language models ", 20 may. 2 at ecb banking supervision we have therefore established links with leading academic institutions, research centres and course providers such as mit, insead and coursera. 3 buch, c. ( 2024 ), " reforming the srep : an important milestone towards more efficient and effective supervision in a new risk environment ", the supervision blog, 28 may. 4 supervisory technology tools such as athena and delphi, which make use of artificial intelligence to understand and analyse text, are already being used to support supervisors. see ecb ( 2023 ), " suptech : thriving in the digital age ", supervision newsletter, ecb, 15 november. 5 mccaul, e. ( 2024 ), " ssm digitalisation – from exploration to full - scale adoption ", presentation at central banking's summer meetings, 12 june. 6 as the bank for international settlements also recently highlighted, noting that " central banks need to

such global pricing, a carbon border adjustment mechanism ( cbam ), as recently put forth by the eu in order to prevent carbon leakage is appropriate. we all know how politically sensitive these issues are, domestically as well as internationally. but the political scene on climate has already been changing dramatically and it will continue to change - hopefully for the better. * * looking back at how far we have come in developing green finance over the last six years, one may wonder : “ is it useful? ” – certainly yes ; “ is it enough? ” – certainly not. let me remind everyone of one simple – and dreadful number : according to the ipcc, we have less than six years of greenhouse gases budget left if we want to have 83 % chance to stay below 1. 5°c. let ’ s not fool ourselves : we have been making very significant progress to make sure that the financial system is fit to the challenge of the transition. but there is still much work to do on our side, starting with mandatory and harmonised disclosures, and a close monitoring of transition paths. still more fundamentally, what we are doing only makes sense if this is part of a wider collective endeavour. finance, and still more central banks, cannot be the only green game in town. a few days ahead of glasgow, it is the right time to listen to the pink floyd again and the dark side of the moon : “ and then one day you find ten years have got behind you ; no one told you when to run, you missed the starting gun ” 4. it is not too late yet, but let us hear the starting guns. i thank you for your attention. 1 1 autorite de controle prudentiel et de resolution ( 2021 ), the main results of the 2020 climate pilot exercise 3 / 4 bis central bankers'speeches 2 2 f. villeroy de galhau, « the role of central banks in the greening of the economy », speech, february 11 2021. 3 3 corporate sector purchase programme 4 4 pink floyd, time, the dark side of the moon 4 / 4 bis central bankers'speeches