samchain/econo-pairs-v2 huggingface dataset:
take away something new in terms of your understanding of finance today. please make an effort to visit all the booths where our stakeholders and colleagues are waiting to serve and assist you. with these few words, i thank you for your presence and declare the 2014 ra financial inclusion exposition open thank you, vinaka vakalevu, bohut dhaniyavad. bis central bankers ’ speeches

njuguna ndung ’ u : mobile phone banking services in kenya address by prof njuguna ndung ’ u, governor of the central bank of kenya, at the launch of equity bank mobile phone banking service, nairobi, 3 september 2008. * * * mr. peter munga, chairman of the board of directors of equity bank ltd. ; dr. james mwangi, managing director and chief executive officer of equity bank ltd. ; board members here present ; distinguished guests ; ladies and gentlemen : i am delighted to be here this afternoon on the occasion of the launch of equity bank ’ s mobile phone banking service. today indeed marks yet another landmark event on equity ’ s chequered path. i am therefore grateful for the invitation to share in this occasion. let me at this early juncture commend the board, management and staff of equity on the introduction of the mobile phone banking service that i will be launching shortly. the service provides an eazzy 24 / 7 mobile phone banking solution to your customers as they shall literally be carrying their accounts in their hands ( “ benki yangu mkononi ” ). this is indeed a revolutionary solution that will provide the following four key benefits : 1. convenience : the launch of mobile phone banking is a step towards making financial services accessible to all kenyans who have access to a mobile phone. this is a revolutionary mobile solution that delivers mobility, convenience and security to the bank ’ s existing as well as prospective customers. it will leverage on the strong mobile penetration both locally as well as globally and essentially the affinity of mobile devices to the consumer. customers will be able to generate value from wireless transactions anytime anywhere. 2. banking the unbanked : with 11 million kenyans having access to a mobile phone, and only approximately 4. 5 million banked, the new solution offers an avenue to push forward the access frontier in kenya. this effort will bring more kenyans into banking solutions. 3. beyond banking ; financial solution : this banking solution will allow for the use of a mobile phone to perform various other services beyond funds transfer. customers will be able to pay for services, manage their accounts, provide airtime top - ups and execute other service requests. 4. opening new economic frontiers and supporting vision 2030 : this service will contribute to economic expansion for kenyans, especially the small and medium enterprises. by accessing financial services easily and affordably, kenyans will be better equipped to support their enterprises. the
. last tuesday, the bank left its key policy rate unchanged at 4 1 / 4 per cent. the current level of the policy interest rate is judged, at this time, to be consistent with achieving the inflation target over the medium term. mr. chairman, paul and i will now be happy to answer your questions.

radovan jelasic : 125th anniversary of the enactment of the first law on the national bank of serbia speech by mr radovan jelasic, governor of the national bank of serbia, on the 125th anniversary of the enactment of the first law on the national bank of serbia, belgrade, 31 january 2008. * * * ladies and gentlemen, institutional anniversaries such as the one today are the right time to look back at what has been achieved and to ask ourselves if we have managed to preserve the fundamental values of our society and state. today, we are celebrating 125th anniversary of enactment of the first law on the national bank of serbia, which laid the cornerstone of one of the most important institutions of the serbian state. preparations for the enactment of this law lasted for about a decade, as can be seen from a document dating from as far back as 1873. the leading people of that time understood the need for the young serbian state to pursue the most advanced european standards and visited almost a half of european countries, including germany, switzerland and belgium, to learn more about modern central bank organization and operations and to apply this knowledge in formulating the law on the central bank. at that time, there was no brussels administration and serbia was offered no technical or any other assistance, but the makers of the first law on the national bank of the kingdom of serbia had a clear vision of the country ’ s future and of what needed to be done for serbia to catch up and keep pace with the best european practice. anniversaries are also an occasion to remind ourselves of the fundamental ideas, aims and visions, and to see how close we are to achieving them! for the national bank of serbia, entering the 21st century meant a return to the main ideals and spirit of the law enacted in 1883 – to build an independent and professional institution, which is just and fair in the distribution of money. it is misleading to portray serbia as being on a crossroads between the east and the west, dithering between european integrations or their opposite. europe has both an “ east ” and a “ west ”, a “ north ” and a “ south ” – in this europe, we all are equal but different! in practice, such “ europe ”, the europe woven into the law of 125 years ago, means simply that we must work harder, better and more responsibly ; that we must renounce daily populism, sycophantism and pol
plan ( fsdp ). similarly, it is our expectation that we will continue to work together under the second phase of the fsdp in the area of developing and introducing an ethics and corporate governance code for the financial sector. i thank you for your attention bis central bankers ’ speeches

november 2005. the main objective of the survey was to measure access to and use of financial services, along with how people manage their finances and what drives their financial behaviour. honourable minister and invited guests - this morning we are here to share with you, the findings of the finscope zambia 2005 survey. these findings are expected to play an important role in profiling demand for financial services in zambia. it is my hope that policy makers and financial service providers will utilise this information to develop strategies that will lead to the expansion and improvement of financial access for our people. in conclusion – may i emphasise that the nation is looking forward to the findings of the finscope zambia 2005 survey which will help us fully understand the financial landscape in zambia and therefore open up new market segments and allow us expand accessibility to financial services in zambia necessary for reducing poverty. the report of the finscope zambia 2005 survey will be posted to the bank of zambia website, www. boz. zm, for public information. thank you.
utmost to bring japan ’ s economy back to a sustainable growth path with price stability.

sakuya fujiwara : challenges for japan ’ s economy and monetary policy remarks by mr sakuya fujiwara, deputy governor of the bank of japan, at the foreign correspondents ’ club of japan, tokyo, 25 july 2001. * * * introduction i am honored and grateful to have been given this opportunity to address members of the foreign correspondents ’ club of japan. given the present economic situation and that members of this esteemed club are well known for their barrage of sharp questions you may think it brave of me to address you. but i immediately accepted the club ’ s invitation without any hesitation because i saw it as a golden opportunity to candidly explain the difficulties the bank of japan is facing under the current severe economic situation. as you are no doubt aware, there are various arguments in japan regarding the management of macroeconomic policy and how to promote structural reform. until the first quarter of this year, further monetary easing and how to promote the disposal of non - performing loans had been actively discussed almost every day. indeed, many held that japan ’ s economy could only get out of the stagnant state if monetary easing were effected or if non - performing loans were disposed of. since late april, following the formation of the koizumi government, structural reform has taken center stage and a ‘ basic plan ’ which proposes wide - ranging reform agenda was determined by the cabinet at the end of june. looking back at all the numerous discussions within only the past six months, the central issue has been whether to first effect macroeconomic policies such as monetary policy and fiscal policy or implement structural reform measures which include the disposal of non - performing loans, deregulation, and review of roles between the public and private sectors. however, these points have been repeatedly discussed since the bursting of the bubble and thus are not new. the question of what kind of policy measures are desirable in order to bring japan ’ s economy back to a sustainable growth path is not one that can be easily answered, especially when taking account of the political economy. the difficulty lies in that you simply cannot make a clear - cut decision and choose either macroeconomic policy or structural reform. today, i will explain my views on the roles monetary policy and structural reform should play under the current harsh circumstances. 1. current monetary easing measures as a starting point, i will explain current monetary easing measures. current monetary policy management as you all know, the bank of japan took successive monetary easing measures during february to march this year,
njuguna ndung ’ u : costs of collateral in kenya remarks by prof njuguna ndung ’ u, governor of the central bank of kenya, at the launch of the study report on “ costs of collateral in kenya ”, nairobi, 24 march 2010. * * * hon. uhuru kenyatta, deputy prime minister and minister for finance ; permanent secretaries, here present ; mr. martin oduor otieno, chairman, kenya bankers association ; mr. john wanyela, chief executive officer, kenya bankers association ; mr. david ferrand, director, financial sector deepening trust kenya ; distinguished guests ; ladies and gentlemen : it is with great pleasure that we congregate here this morning to chart the way forward on another avenue of enhancing efficiency in our banking system. this is through changes in the collateral technology in use. but before i make my remarks, allow me to thank the hon. deputy prime minister and minister for finance for agreeing to grace this occasion and deliver a keynote address. also, allow me to thank kba and fsd for their tireless effort to deepen the financial sector. yesterday, we held our monetary policy committee meeting in mombasa cbk branch. the first review was a survey on what sustains high interest rates – the response from the market showed two factors ; cost of credit and credit risk sustains high interest rates. but what is behind cost of credit and credit risk – perhaps the collateral technology in use. the cost of collateral is being addressed today by this study. ladies and gentlemen : kenyan banks have persistently cited cost of collateral as contributing a significant portion of premium factored in the interest rates they charge. to demystify the assertion, central bank of kenya ( cbk ) and kenya bankers association ( kba ) in conjunction with financial sector deepening trust ( fsd ) kenya commissioned a study to review the kenyan collateral process with a view to determining the costs associated with each step in the process. the consultants were also required to put forward succinct recommendations based on their findings. evidence seems to show that the three steps of collateral process in kenya ; that is : creation, perfection and enforcement, entail enormous costs and time. ladies and gentlemen : the report has brought forward several recommendations. they will be implemented and will result in both cost and time reduction. the implementation of the recommendations touches on several government agencies, most of which are represented here today. i believe your presence in this

projects aimed at inclusive financial markets in kenya ; kenya bankers association who partnered with us in this study ; shorebank international and walker kontos who authored the report being launched today ; and all market players who took part in the study ; but more importantly those who came here today to take part in the launch and i am sure they do believe we can achieve the prescribed results. finally, ladies and gentlemen, let me let me take this opportunity to invite our chief guest to address this gathering. welcome deputy prime minister, hon. uhuru kenyatta.
money in our financial system and to minimise individual economic losses. thank you! 3 / 3 bis - central bankers'speeches

gent sejko : signing the inter - institutional cooperation agreement on currency protection against counterfeiting speech by mr gent sejko, governor of the bank of albania, at the ceremony of signing the inter - institutional cooperation agreement on currency protection against counterfeiting, tirana, 17 january 2023. * * * honourable minister cuci, honourable prosecutor general cela, dear participants and media representatives, it is a great pleasure to welcome you on behalf of the bank of albania in the today ceremony of signing the inter - institutional cooperation agreement between the ministry of interior, the prosecutor general's office and the bank of albania. this agreement marks the completion of a voluminous work started five years ago, with the intensive contribution of the representatives from our three institutions. though citizens are increasingly using e - payments, cash remains indispensable and plays a crucial role in the life of everyone. banknotes and metal coins are the only form of cash that may be owned and used directly by everyone, without the need of infrastructure, intermediate institutions or systems. the bank of albania is the sole authority vested with the exclusive constitutional right to issue banknotes and coins of legal tender in the republic of albania. one of the main functions and institutional responsibilities stipulated by the law on the bank of albania, is to maintain the integrity and public confidence in the national currency as a payment instrument. the prevention and protection of currency against counterfeiting is a common challenge for all relevant national authorities. thus, this agreement, which aims at achieving the joint commitment and coordinated activity amid them, is considered the appropriate and more effective way to prevent, detect and respond in a timely manner to the counterfeiting phenomenon of currency in albania. the central bank, as the sole authority to issue the national currency, has undertaken concrete steps to prevent counterfeiting and maintain public confidence in our national currency, lek. in 2019 – 2022, the bank of albania issued and put in circulation the new series of albanian banknotes, produced with cutting - edge technologies for banknote printing, with new security features, making them safer against counterfeiting. recent data show a considerable drop in the quantity of counterfeit banknotes in circulation. in 2022, the total amount was only 343 counterfeit banknotes, from the average quantity of banknotes in circulation amounting 157. 7 million banknotes, or 2. 2 counterfeit banknotes per 1 million banknotes in circulation, from 5. 4 in 2021. with
have arisen, and to cooperate with the legal authorities. we have also sought to respond honestly to questions from this committee. i have previously given evidence to the committee on the sequence of events as we saw them unfold. it is worthwhile to try to draw that together. in so doing, it is important to keep clear the distinction between the two companies in that sequence. in 2006, following the events at the australian wheat board, the reserve bank board asked questions about the policies for the use of overseas agents by the two companies. in the case of npa, the bank ’ s questions prompted the company to begin a process of developing stronger policies. rba management asked for an update on progress at npa in early 2007, and the npa board appropriately sought a paper from management on dealings with sales agents. after considering that paper, the npa board decided that an audit should be undertaken of past practices and compliance. that audit raised several very concerning things. it recommended that, apart from discontinuing the use of agents, the npa board undertake an urgent investigation of the role of relevant management and staff in dealing with agents to ensure compliance with australian law. on receiving this report, the npa board took the decision to cease the use of agents, and through a board sub - committee commissioned freehills to provide an assessment of the standards and compliance questions. it was while all these processes were under way that concerns held by a member of npa ’ s management over the company ’ s conduct became known to a reserve bank assistant governor who sat on npa ’ s board. the npa manager was asked by the then deputy governor to make a written statement. this document was part of the material examined by the freehills team that was asked by the npa board to examine the matters. i have conveyed these facts to the committee over the course of questioning at previous hearings. the document provided by the manager at npa was held in strict confidence at his request. this was a condition required by him, and the bank agreed to it because it valued his willingness to come forward. seeking professional legal expertise to assess the matters contained in this document, and the concerns raised in the audit, was a mark of how seriously they were taken. the decision to seek an external legal review was an important one. in the bank ’ s view, it was imperative to establish a process to investigate the issues thrown up by the audit findings and to ascertain and evaluate the

, while still respecting the legal processes, i am of course more than willing to do so. my colleagues and i are here to respond to your questions. bis central bankers ’ speeches
gur - ta ] which is relevant to this respect. " let everyone sweep in front of his door, and the whole world will be clean. " it is indeed a shared responsibility to continue to create a better, more inclusive approach that can effectively sustain our agenda for economic growth. only by working together can we recover and build better. i am confident that this virtual conference would bear a productive and positive outcome. i look forward to a fruitful engagement. maraming salamat at mabuhay! 1 / 2 bis central bankers'speeches 2 / 2 bis central bankers'speeches

amando m tetangco, jr : the pos interconnection – giving better banking services together speech by mr amando m tetangco, jr, governor of bangko sentral ng pilipinas ( the central bank of the philippines ), at the launching of the point of sale interconnection, manila, 27 october 2010. * * * the officers and staff of the country ’ s three biggest atm networks, fellow bankers, special guests, good morning! i am very pleased to witness the launching of this much - anticipated project : the point of sale ( pos ) interconnection of bancnet, expressnet and megalink. this is another milestone in the philippine financial system as it is certain to open gateways for further expansion of financial services in the country through a convenient, secure and reliable channel. for this, let us commend the leadership of our three networks : expressnet led by its chairman aurelio montinola iii, bancnet led by its chairman ricardo chua, and megalink led by its president benjamin castillo. let us give them a well - deserved round of applause! indeed, the pos system in the philippines has come a long way from its initial introduction by the bank of the philippine islands in 1987, followed by megalink in 1993 and bancnet in 1994. today, we have over 37, 000 pos terminals serving around 30 million atm cardholders in malls, restaurants, hotels and even small specialty shops. in other words, your market covers roughly one - third of our country ’ s population of about 92 million! the cooperative efforts that have led the three biggest atm networks in the country to institutionalize the interconnectivity of their respective pos systems are therefore a most welcome development. this should lead to even improved efficiencies and better services, while enabling customer payments in a faster but simpler manner. we at the bangko sentral knew it was just a matter of time before this project became a reality. after all, the three atm networks already worked together in 2006 to achieve full interconnection of their atm services to provide more accessible and efficient services at much lower costs to the banking public. this time around, the interconnection of the pos systems of the atm consortia should increase the touch points for client interface and enhance the value of your services to your customers. the value proposition for retailers is likewise enhanced. with this pos inter