to moral judgments about important issues. social media exacerbates this tendency by providing the ability to communicate exclusively among the like - minded and with the shrillness enabled by anonymity. but we can all make an effort to engage with views that are different from our own and resist algorithmic channeling into an echo chamber. perhaps there could even be algorithms that enable such bubble bursting? at the end of the day, even when all of the facts are truthfully established, differences of opinion can legitimately exist, even amongst experts. institutions like the oxford union were established “ as a forum for discussion and debate at a time when the free exchange of ideas was a notion foreign to the restrictive university authorities. ” arguably we need such institutions in all parts of society more than ever where thesis can meet its antithesis and hopefully create a new synthesis. all of us as individuals have a responsibility to be more open and to engage respectfully with different views if we are to have a constructive political debate about the issues that matter to all of us. 5. manage the boundary between technocracy and democracy carefully how can we get the balance right between that which needs to be decided by experts versus politicians? not surprisingly, the growth in the space occupied by experts, in part because many decisions are increasingly technical, can foster resentment of unelected individuals making decisions that have huge social consequences. problems often arise when experts try to be politicians or when politicians try to be experts. clarity about these roles and accountability to reinforce that clarity are essential. i have spent much of my career managing that boundary. in the uk civil service, there is the northcote - trevelyan principle which ensures that recruits are selected on merit and not through political patronage and the well - established practice that “ civil servants advise and ministers decide. ” at both the world bank and the imf, the job of the “ expert ” staff was to provide the best technical advice and if there were political trade - offs to be made, they were done at the level of the board, which represented the 189 member country governments. if experts cross that line, they undermine the credibility of their expertise and evaluating information : the cornerstone of civic online reasoning, stanford history education group, pp 4 - 5. haidt, j ( 2013 ) the righteous mind : why good people are divided by politics and religion, london : penguin books a good example is the recent debate on whether or not migration was the cause of the fall of the roman empire between

settlement system or rentas is currently being enhanced to adopt a multi - currency system that leverages on the swift messaging standard. the enhanced rentas would cater for multiple messaging formats including the internationally - recognised iso 20022 which supports the transmission of richer remittance data and facilitates interconnectedness with other economies within the region. enhancing capital market infrastructures with respect to the capital market, malaysia ’ s debt securities market is the largest in southeast asia. malaysia also remains the leading global sukuk issuer, accounting for over 53 % of new global issuance worth usd34. 8 billion in 2015. over the past decade, bnm and myclear had invested significantly to build the capital market infrastructures to facilitate multicurrency securities issuance, depository and settlement via the fully automated system for issuing / tendering ( fast ) and rentas, respectively. there are immense opportunities to add to the breadth and depth of the malaysian debt securities market, especially in the diversity of its currency and investor base. hence, the financial services industry has the opportunity to leverage on malaysia ’ s capital market infrastructures by incorporating fast and rentas in the securities offering documents as an additional option for foreign currency securities issuance, depository and settlement. to facilitate the synergistic collaboration that i had highlighted earlier, myclear would share its infrastructure development roadmap with the industry. this would assist both the financial and business communities to align their resources for infrastructure development as well as to identify opportunities for the offering of innovative solutions to their customers. myclear and bnm would coordinate the industry awareness and educational programmes to promote the new payment services for mass adoption by businesses and consumers. 4. providing end - to - end financial solutions to customers holistic financial solutions as a competitive edge financial institutions are no longer differentiated by payment infrastructure that is proprietary and duplicative in nature. through the centralised payment systems offered by myclear, the malaysian electronic payment system sdn. bhd. ( meps ) and other payment network operators, each financial institution can now access and leverage on the entire banking infrastructure to achieve economies of scale. in order to remain competitive, financial institutions should strive to provide value added services and good user experience to their customers. it is important to bear in mind that ultimately customers would need more than just a payment solution. in this regard, the ability to offer holistic, end - to - end financial solutions that meet the customers ’ personal and business needs would