of doing business for banks, • licensing of microfinance banks, which target lower - income segments, and expanding institutional branch network countrywide, • allowing banks to introduce shariah compliant ( or participatory ) banking products, and • the credit information sharing mechanism to build information capital to solve information asymmetry problems in the financial sector. but also a mechanism that bis central bankers ’ speeches can develop templates for ratings either for individuals or projects – where sustainability can be an indicator. the evidence so far indicates that these reforms and initiatives have had an appreciable impact in expanding financial access. according to geospatial surveys conducted in 2013, kenya was ranked ahead of peer countries, tanzania, uganda and nigeria. most fundamentally, 76. 7 % of kenyans live within 5 kilometres of a financial services touch point compared to 47. 3 %, 42. 7 % and 35. 1 % for nigeria, uganda and tanzania respectively. ladies and gentlemen : third, the cbk mandate of financial stability where the overarching goal is to promote existence of strong banks. without strong banks, we cannot talk about long term and sustainable finance. in this regard, cbk has adopted a flexible risk management framework for the banking sector, which can accommodate, among other areas, the management of environmental and societal concerns. ladies and gentlemen : fourth, since 2009, the kenya government through the cbk as its fiscal agent has issued 7 long - term infrastructure bonds. proceeds have been used to fund sustainable infrastructural solutions including clean and renewable energy plants, like the geo - thermal power generation. the deployment of these funds towards eco - friendly projects serves as a benchmark for private sector institutions in their project appraisal and implementation decisions. ladies and gentlemen : it is not in doubt that there is a case for sustainable finance in kenya. kenya has ambitious plans to transition to a green economy. this comes with tremendous financing opportunities for both domestic and foreign financiers. for instance, the substantial financing required in scaling up kenya ’ s renewable energy output requires imaginative solutions. the banking sector alone cannot meet these needs and other emerging opportunities as kenya goes green. we must therefore seek solutions that straddle the banking, insurance, pension funds and capital markets spheres. as we design a roadmap this morning, we should take cognisance of the enormous opportunities that sustainable finance offers. working in silos as is the case currently will not scale up sustainable finance

. there he was soon to be arrested by the germans and was dispatched to germany. he managed to escape two years later and lived out the war in the underground movement in france. paasikivi was ambassador in moscow from april 1940 until the end of june 1941, although in fact he was already back in finland by march. he did not live in " internal exile ", as was sometimes claimed, but kept up extensive contacts with the political and economic leadership of finland during the war. monnet, on the other hand, was involved in a variety of international operations during the war, with the confident backing of president roosevelt. i shall relate just one historic episode from monnet's wartime activities. in july 1940 the french government was wavering between continuing the war and ceasing hostilities. monnet was in london at the time, doing his utmost to encourage the french government to continue the war. de gaulle too had already settled in london. monnet proposed that the british government should do something dramatic to galvanize the french government. the proposal was to create a close union between england and france. the union would have a common currency, it would form a customs union and its nationals would have common citizenship rights. winston churchill hesitated, but nonetheless forwarded the proposal for his government to discuss. to his surprise, the government received the proposal enthusiastically and approved it on 14 july 1940. charles de gaulle did likewise and became a historic figure the very next day with the speech he made on the bbc. de gaulle did not like the federal tone of monnet's text, but being a pragmatist he understood that needs must steer where the devil drives. the reaction in france was one of astonishment. it was quite simply not possible to put up a roof before the walls of the house were built. it was, however, hoped that this would give the french prime minister some extra time. but it was not to be. petain came to power and began to negotiate an armistice with germany. france was lost. national sovereignty and raison d'etat as problems monnet discussed the need for european integration on several occasions during the war. he was not an idealistic federalist, but above all a practical man. at the league of nations monnet had been disappointed in the organization's failure to act in practice. he was convinced that mutual dependence between nations was a fact of life and that rampant nationalism was the main cause of war. monnet was convinced that political