financing the transition. developed economies must lead by example and honour the usd 100 billion climate pledge made 14 years ago at cop15 in copenhagen. governments should also 1 / 3 bis - central bankers'speeches mobilise private finance by implementing transition policies and creating a sound and stable framework to attract capital flows at the national and global level. second, governments can push for reform of the multilateral financial architecture. the g20 – this year under india's presidency – can play a key role in unlocking additional funding. the review of the capital adequacy frameworks of multilateral development banks can offer such opportunity. more generally, we must identify and remove public and private barriers to green finance worldwide wherever possible. third, central banks around the world can and must, within their mandates, support the greening of the financial system. the network for greening the financial system, which brings together 127 central banks and supervisors from all around the world, has played a crucial role in accelerating global action and will continue to do so. we at the ecb have also made it a priority to take account of climate change, because ( i ) it affects inflation ; ( ii ) it affects our balance sheet ; and ( iii ) it is a financial risk for the banks we supervise. we have adjusted our corporate bond holdings and changed our collateral and risk management to better reflect climate risks and at the same time provide incentives to support the green transition of the economy. as supervisors, we make sure that banks consider climate risks when making business and lending decisions. we also stress test the impact of climate change on the economy and financial stability. through our advice, analysis and actions, we aim to manage the financial risks stemming from climate change as well as provide evidence to support the need for the transition i just mentioned. these transformations have occurred within a remarkably short period of just a few years, reflecting the growing momentum of our global collective efforts to combat climate change. today's conference is evidence of our shared dedication to ramp up our actions as the window to meet our climate targets narrows. we can preserve the 1. 5 °c threshold through our united efforts. as sir david attenborough so eloquently put it, " if working apart we are a force powerful enough to destabilise our planet, surely working together we are powerful enough to save it ". 6 through our actions, let's prove him right. 1 ki - moon, ban ( 2015 ), " speech to cop21

jean - claude trichet : a rich variety of cultures at the heart of europe interview with mr jean - claude trichet, president of the european central bank, in the frankfurter allgemeine zeitung special supplement of the ecb cultural days, published on 4 october 2009. * * * 1. the ecb cultural days have been held seven times since their launch. on three occasions, they have featured countries from eastern europe. what does eastern europe bring to europe and to frankfurt, in particular? it is very important for the ecb – with our staff coming from all 27 eu member states – to discover or rediscover the wealth of european culture in the international environment of frankfurt and its surrounding area. as you say, it has always been our aim to embrace the whole of europe, both the old and new members of the european union. it is no accident that we have welcomed three central and eastern european and three western european countries. last year, on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the ecb, the events involved all 27 eu member states in order to underline the diversity of european culture. this year, the 20th anniversary of the fall of the iron curtain, the event takes place against the unique backdrop of the reunification of europe. 2. you made a speech on european culture in frankfurt this spring, which explored the link between the concepts of roots, diversity and identity. did you have the ecb cultural days in mind? of course. i was very keen to deliver this speech upon the invitation of my friend, professor otmar issing. i profoundly believe that culture is at the heart of the european project. the cultural unity of europe is based on the recognition of, and an openness to, its cultural diversity. europe benefits greatly from the mix of cultures. this is the core concept of the ecb cultural days. 3. in times of crisis, culture can be seen as a luxury, a remedy or a refuge. the past two years must have been very difficult for you, presenting you with many challenges and a very heavy workload. what works of art helped you to unwind during this period? particularly in very demanding and challenging crises, it is important to remain composed, to be able to stand back from immediate events and to develop as sound and as lucid a judgement as possible. i think that, in times like these, it helps more than ever to read a good ismail kadare book or a beautiful heine poem,