samchain/econo-pairs-v2 huggingface dataset:
to myth as much as to reality, the largest human being of our time. ” this was the judgment of his contemporary, the philosopher and historian isaiah berlin. churchill himself said that “ a nation that forgets its past has no future. ” our banknotes are testaments to the outstanding achievements of the nation ’ s greatest individuals ; they are repositories of the united kingdom ’ s collective memory. that contribution will continue with the new £5, which brings together the future, in the form of polymer and the most advanced security features yet, and britain ’ s glorious history, in the achievements of sir winston leonard spencer churchill. bis central bankers ’ speeches

mark carney : the new fiver opening remarks by mr mark carney, governor of the bank of england and chairman of the financial stability board, at the £5 note launch, blenheim palace, oxfordshire, 2 june 2016. * * * i would like to express my gratitude to his grace, the duke of marlborough, for his generosity in hosting this historic event at one of the nation ’ s greatest architectural treasures. on september 3rd 1939, with the gathering storm about to break, a new first lord of the admiralty was appointed. he was so familiar to the navy that the signal to the fleet said simply : “ winston is back. ” in the years that followed, britain ’ s resolve, tenacity and spirit would all be tested. the nation proved more than equal to the task. britain stood steadfast through its finest hour. in north africa, asia and the balkans, the united kingdom helped turn the hinge of fate. it would forge the grand alliance to liberate europe from tyranny, and then with victory, set the vision for the reconstruction of the postwar era. the “ bulldog spirit ” of those years was embodied and emboldened by winston churchill. this spirit is just one of his many contributions that the bank commemorates with the new fiver. churchill was not just a martial leader – though he was an exceptional one – he was also one of the greatest statesmen of all time. blenheim great statesmen know their history, and churchill knew more than most. indeed, the author of the life and times of marlborough would likely have approved of this choice of venue for today ’ s launch. after all, blenheim palace was built as a gift to the first duke of marlborough, john churchill, in recognition for his leadership of the allied forces to victory in the battle of blenheim in 1704 – a victory that would decisively turn the war of spanish succession. winston churchill was born here in 1874 and proposed to his wife, clementine hozier, on these grounds in 1908. banknote character winston churchill will replace elizabeth fry, the prison reformer, on the fiver from september of this year. the new £5 note will in due course sit alongside the new £10, which will feature jane austen, the new £20, which celebrates jmw turner, and the existing £50 which profiles boulton and watt. individuals who symbolise the breadth and depth of british achievement across statecraft, social reform, literature, visual
, we can share lessons learned, best practices, and innovative methodologies to advance the development of business surveys and ensure that they remain a valuable part of our economic toolkits. designed by the printing and publishing division of the bank of italy

savings entrusted to the bank by its depositors. similar considerations had in the meantime been set forth on 7 june in a note to the minister for community policies in response to a specific request from the european commission for clarifications concerning the 13 may authorization. appreciation for the information provided by the bank of italy was expressed in a letter from the competition directorate - general on 13 july. 11 / 14 on 14 july the bank of italy granted the application that bbva had made on 16 june to acquire up to 30 per cent of bnl ’ s share capital through its exchange tender offer, independently of acquisition of a majority holding. in response to bbva ’ s further request for recognition of its de facto control of bnl if its holding exceeded the 30 per cent threshold, the bank of italy reaffirmed the need to await the outcome of the exchange tender offer in order to verify the spanish bank ’ s actual exercise of control. the tender offer expired on 22 july. acceptances amounted to around 1 per cent of bnl ’ s share capital. bbva announced that it would not acquire the shares if they were not enough to attain the majority of bnl ’ s share capital, thus implicitly acknowledging the failure of the exchange tender offer. 3. 3 unipol ’ s initiative on 11 may and 30 june unipol assicurazioni and its parent company holmo s. p. a. requested authorization to increase their holding of bnl shares first to 9. 99 per cent and then to 14. 99 per cent. the stated purpose of these purchases was to acquire a large, stable holding in order, among other things, to safeguard the investment in bnl vita, an insurance joint venture controlled by unipol and bnl. in relation to each application, the bank of italy asked isvap, the supervisory authority for the insurance industry, for information on the strength of the insurance group. on 25 may and again on 13 july isvap pronounced a judgement of “ suitability ”, attesting the sustainability of unipol ’ s planned investment in financial and capital terms. authorizations to increase the holding were issued on 27 may and 15 july. a copy of each decision was also transmitted to consob. on 17 july 2005 the boards of directors of unipol and its parent company holmo resolved to acquire control of bnl. the explanation adduced for this initiative was the impossibility of reaching a satisfactory agreement with bb
guy quaden : financial sector development and the role of central banks in securing financial stability in a globalised economy opening address by mr guy quaden, governor of the national bank of belgium, at the 2007 international arab banking summit, brussels, 28 june 2007. * * * chairmen, ladies and gentlemen, i am very pleased to address the 2007 international arab banking summit. i would like to thank the union of arab banks and the world union of arab bankers for their invitation and congratulate them for their excellent organisation of this important event. as the issue of euro - arab banking dialogue takes centre stage, it is fitting that, after having met in rome in 2006, you have chosen to meet this year in brussels, capital of the kingdom of belgium and also of the european union ( eu ). i welcome you in this city on behalf of the belgian authorities and more in particular of the national bank of belgium, the central bank of our country. you come here at a good moment : incoming data have confirmed that economic activity in the eu and the eurozone has continued to expand at a strong pace and the outlook for the second part of this year and next year remains very encouraging. having regained more dynamism, the eu and the eurozone significantly contribute to the needed rebalancing in world economic growth. the arab region is a key partner for the european countries and both sides attach great importance to building strong, meaningful relationships. as you all know, the eu and its mediterranean partners have in 1995 created the european - mediterranean partnership, also known as the barcelona process, to lay the foundations of a new regional relationship. also, the european commission has entered into co - operation agreements with the countries of the gulf cooperation council, in 1989, and with yemen, in 1997, thus comprising the whole of the arabian peninsula. the eurosystem – namely the european central bank and the national central banks of the thirteen countries which have adopted the euro – has established a working relationship through central bank co - operation, notably with the members of the gulf co - operation council and egypt, as well as through the organisation of an annual seminar with mediterranean central banks at the level of governors. experience during the last few decades has learned that financial sector development is crucial for sustaining economic growth. a modern financial system promotes investment, mobilises savings and allows risks to be diversified, resulting in a more efficient allocation of resources. in this speech, i would like to briefly touch on two related subjects. firstly

your attention.
bis central bankers ’ speeches

set up the banking codes and standards board of india in 2006. it is an autonomous and independent body, in the nature of a self - regulatory organisation. banks register themselves with the board as its members and provide services as per the agreed standards and codes. the board in turn, monitors and assesses the compliance with codes and standards which the banks have agreed to. the code of banks'commitment to customers was released on july 1, 2006. the code covers various aspects of transactions of individuals such as deposit accounts, interest rates, fees and charges, remittances, settlement of claims in respect of deceased account holders, loan products, safety locker, credit cards, guarantees, collection of dues and complaints and grievance redressal. the reserve bank has also made it obligatory for banks to display and update, in their offices / branches as also on their websites, the details of various service charges in a prescribed format. fifth, as lack of financial education on the part of customers of the bank contribute to rising number of complaints, especially relating to credit card operations, the reserve bank is according top priority for financial education which would ensure that the customers of banks take an informed decision. individual banks have also started taking various steps in this regard such as “ financial education posters ”, “ short films ” and websites, etc. ix. prospects, challenges and strengths short term prospects for monetary policy purposes, the reserve bank, in its annual policy statement, placed real gdp growth for 2007 - 08 at around 8. 5 per cent, assuming no further escalation in international crude prices and barring domestic or external shocks. the policy preference for the period ahead is strongly in favour of price stability and well - anchored inflation expectations with the endeavour being to contain inflation close to 5. 0 per cent in 2007 - 08 and to the range of 4. 0 – 4. 5 per cent over the medium - term. for the purpose of monetary policy formulation, the reserve bank has projected the rate of money supply ( m3 ) growth at around 17. 0 - 17. 5 per cent and non - food credit at 24 - 25 per cent for 2007 - 08 in consonance with the outlook on growth and inflation. while retaining the stance of the monetary policy, the reserve bank has flagged the importance of financial stability in the first quarter review of the annual policy statement issued on july 31, 2007. data on recent developments is broadly in consonance with expectations for 2007 - 08. according to
cpix will be phased out of our reports and our communication in general. this will not have a tangible effect on the actual interest rate decisions in the future. however, we hope that this change will make the way we conduct our monetary policy clearer. historically the difference has been small … average of annual percentage change cpi cpix 1985 - 1990 - 1995 - 2000 - sources : statistics sweden and the riksbank capital stock index in the cpi and the real estate price index annual percentage change - 5 - 5 capital stock index - 10 - 10 real estate index - 15 - 15 real estate index, 40 qtrs moving average - 20 - 20 sources : statistics sweden and the riksbank cpi and cpi with fixed interest rate annual percentage change cpi cpi with fixed interest rate - 1 - 1 sources : statistics sweden and the riksbank cpi, cpix and cpi with fixed interest rate annual percentage change cpi with fixed interest rate cpi cpix cpix note : dotted line represents forecast in mpu april 2008 sources : statistics sweden and the riksbank

call on the imf to assist you with advice or ta for capacity building or for other purposes.
in the environment where the public expects us to keep inflation within the target range. this makes us extremely conscious of every policy decision we make, which in turn allows us to avoid potentially costly policy mistakes. but perhaps the biggest change is on the credibility front. the way we conduct policy and our track record have helped us to regain any credibility we may have lost following the unsuccessful defense of the baht. public confidence in the bank enables us to anchor private - sector expectations about future inflation, which in turn reinforces the effect of our policy. yet despite all the good things inflation targeting has brought us, it is not a panacea. in other words, there are limits to inflation targeting. an apparent example here is development of asset prices. also, past successes do not guarantee future success. the economic environment we live in today is inherently dynamic and continuously evolving. we therefore need to be aware of both old and new challenges to inflation targeting as a monetary policy framework. some observers have cautioned that thailand ’ s inflation targeting regime has not been truly tested. in particular, there has not been an incident that gives rise to a severe tension between inflation stabilization and other objectives. for example, thailand has not experienced sharp exchange rate movements that come into conflict with the inflation objective. nor has the country been in a situation where persistent supply shocks lead to a significant slowdown of the economy amidst rising prices. operationally, there are also issues on how far we should push transparency. a few inflation targeting central banks now put forecasts of policy rates in their inflation reports. should thailand follow these practices? should we publish our mpc minutes as the fomc does? and should we announce the weight we put on output gap stabilization relative to inflation stabilization explicitly in the inflation report. in the past, we only mentioned these weights occasionally in passing. all these questions will sooner or later have to be tackled when our inflation - targeting regime gains maturity. ladies and gentlemen, the issues i have mentioned, as well as other challenges confronting the conduct of inflation targeting in emerging economies, are the main focus of this international symposium. we are honored to have with us five leading international researchers who will present their in - depth studies on some of these issues along with highly regarded discussants and panelists, not to mention the rest of the participants. the goal is to have an intellectual exchange of ideas and practical experiences on these important issues. to make the most out of the one - and - a - half - day event

, i strongly urge the audience to ask questions and air your thoughts and / or concerns to the fullest extent possible. your active participation will help us central banks improve our conduct of monetary policy. after all, as boe governor mervyn king puts it, “ inflation targeting is a framework designed for a world of learning. ” thank you for your attention.
mary c nkosi : mobile banking in malawi address by mrs mary c nkosi, deputy governor of the reserve bank of malawi, at the official launching of mobile banking services by opportunity international bank malawi ( oibm ), lilongwe, 27 march 2008. * * * the chairman, mr francis pelekamoyo, and your fellow board members the chief executive of oibm, mr rodger voorhies invited guests ladies and gentlemen i am very honoured to be here this morning to witness yet another milestone in the history of opportunity international bank malawi ( oibm ) – the official launching of a mobile banking service. first of all, on behalf of the governor of reserve bank of malawi, and indeed on my own behalf, i would like to congratulate oibm for its visible effort in making banking services available to all people, particularly the rural masses in a manner that is convenient to them. this is evidenced by the increasing number of customers and retail outlets it has opened since commencing banking operations a few years ago. statistics show that oibm is one of the largest private sector microfinance providers in malawi. over the years, we have witnessed great innovation by oibm through its focus on small scale saving, salary and wage payment systems and focus on paperless banking. today, i am pleased yet again to witness another great drive by oibm to further deepen the financial sector in malawi. mobile banking will provide a mechanism through which financial services will be penetrated to sectors not currently being served by traditional banking. i have been informed that the bank will serve over 10, 000 customers through its three mobile units. i am further informed that some mobile units will have mounted auto teller machines ( atms ). this, i must say, is quite commendable and in line with government ’ s objective of empowering rural masses by bringing financial services to their door - step. i therefore would like to applaud both, the board and management for their efforts and hard work in this regard. as regulators, our primary objective is to safeguard the interests of the depositors and the general public by among other things constantly monitoring the safety and soundness of banks. this is why we take keen interest in banking facilities or projects that aim to serve the public better. i am glad to acknowledge here this morning the efforts oibm has made in complying with our requirements in this area. i am also pleased to note the satisfactory financial performance of the

bank in the year ended 2007. with these few remarks, ladies and gentlemen, i thank you all for your time and attention. i now have the pleasure to declare the mobile banking service officially launched. thank you and god bless you all.
summarize the results of a cross - country research project on prudential spillovers through international bank lending. rey ( 2013 ) discusses the importance of prudential policy for global financial cycles. 7 / 7 bis central bankers'speeches

stem from the financial systems without undermining their efficiency. a key task in designing specific reforms is to give a more scope again to the principle of liability. the bundesbank is diligently pursuing this aim by bringing its expertise to bear and, if it is necessary, is in for the long haul. thank you for your attention. bis central bankers ’ speeches
the iif, for holding this important high level meeting here in abu dhabi. i wish you all a successful meeting. thank you for your attention.

facility : an aed 70 billion was injected by ministry of finance into national banks in three stages. this is an exercise aimed at enhancing the capital base of national banks, to strengthen banks against npls, should this arise. 3 ) formation of the ministerial follow up committee : a committee was formed by the cabinet, its members are the minister of state for finance, the minister of economy and the governor of central bank, with a mandate to tackle global financial crisis adverse spill - overs on the uae economy. we have noticed that these packages put by the central bank and the federal government improved the liquidity situation at banks, as early as april 2009. excellencies, ladies & gentlemen the issues that we are debating now, to formulate our regulatory response are, 1 ) uae banks would have had no problem, if they owned sufficient first class and liquid securities among their assets, and here i do not mean “ aaa ” rated papers. i mean, we have to look at the type of securities that would fit the category of liquid assets at times of crisis and what percentages of these securities would be suitable for our banks to hold. 2 ) inter - bank deposits plus mtns, ecps and similar instruments issued by uae banks in international capital markets acted as a two edged sword during the crisis. we have to look here at the liabilities percentage of these instruments, and how they match with first class liquid securities held by our banks. 3 ) also, we have to examine what businesses or assets banks are acquiring or selling to their customers. the question that we need to consider ; do they understand the risks, and have they explained the inherent risks sufficiently to their customers? 4 ) growth of loans and advances per economic sector, and what is the percentage of cross - border loans, as these rates proved to be very important indicators. loans per economic sector should be examined carefully to determine higher liquidity requirements in order to mitigate the extra possible risks created through higher growth rate in a sector or two versus the total economy. 5 ) in addition, we have to look carefully at off - balance sheet items that are likely to become on - balance sheet in a financial crisis. the aim of the regulatory response or reform would be to help banks to devise a better risk management framework, to protect our banking system from future financial crises. with this i come to the end of my short speech, but before i close, i would like to thank the amf, the fsi of bis and
to take this opportunity, on behalf of the monetary authority of macao, to express our heartfelt gratitude for the continued guidance and support from mr. francis tam ; for the care and support from mr. zhou zhikui ; and sincere thanks to the practitioners of our financial sector for their hard work in the past year. i would also like to congratulate you on the results achieved by you ladies and gentlemen in the past year. at the same time, i would also like to thank the colleagues of amcm for their hard work. there are new challenges ahead at the beginning of the year. there is a shadow hanging over the global economy right at the start. the us subprime crisis appears to be deteriorating which adds uncertainty to the international financial markets. financial risk has increased. against such an international economic and financial backdrop, it is possible that macao will be adversely affected to a certain degree. it is likely that the macao economy will experience a slow down after rapid growth. therefore, financial institutions should put risk mitigation as their primary objective this year. with the support of the msar government and market participants, amcm will continue to enhance and strengthen risk management based on the concept of risk - based supervision to ensure the stability and development of our financial industry. simultaneously, we shall strive to maintain the opening up, diversification and internationalization of our financial sector to create a healthy financial environment conducive to the sustainable prosperity of macao. last but not the least, i sincerely wish you success and good health. thank you.

to take this opportunity to wish you good health and a pleasant stay in macao. more importantly, i hope macao will impart to you a fine and long lasting memory. thank you!