of being a leader. being tough doesn't mean being hard or insensitive. one can be resilient, make tough decisions, and stand up to pressure in ways that treat people with respect - the kind of respect that you hope others will show you. one of the primary ways that we show respect for others is to listen. if you are always learning, that means you are always listening, taking on board what you hear from others, even if it is very unwelcome, and perhaps, adjusting your views and gaining knowledge from that input. and it means talking in a way that others can hear. one can make tough decisions and hold people to high standards while treating others well. treating others well, for me, boils down to a simple rule - don't be a jerk. all of us have had enough experiences with others acting like jerks to understand this advice, but it's a bit harder when applied to yourself. at least for me it is. humility is an attribute that i consider essential to avoid being a jerk. life often gives one the opportunity to learn and relearn the lesson of humility - and i am humbled every day. humility is recognizing the limits of knowledge, confidence, and self - regard. it is the line between what we truly know and understand, and what we don't really know and cannot grasp. humility means being open to new information, to weighing information in an objective way, and being able to take on that input and sometimes change one's mind. in a practical way, it means being open to and seriously considering the views of others, and in that sense, it is often a vital way to connect with other people. let me leave you today with two words, the most important two words that you will ever know, or ever say. those words are " thank you. " " thank you " means the recognition that someone has done something valuable for you. gratitude binds us together. so please turn to your parents, your partners, your friends and other family, your teachers and mentors, your fellow students, and say, thank you. congratulations, class of 2024, and thank you, for listening to me today. 3 / 3 bis - central bankers'speeches

sanusi lamido sanusi : banks in nigeria and national economic development – a critical review keynote address by mr sanusi lamido sanusi, governor of the central bank of nigeria, at the seminar on “ becoming an economic driver while applying banking regulations ”, organised by the canadian high commission in joint collaboration with the chartered institute of bankers of nigeria ( cibn ) and the royal bank of canada ( rbc ), lagos, 7 march 2011. * * * protocol 1. i am very delighted to be invited to present a key - note address at this important forum. i wish to commend the organizers, the canadian high commission, the chartered institute of bankers of nigeria and the royal bank of canada for gathering top policy makers and operators in the banking and finance industry here today for this all important seminar which is focusing on the banking sector in nigeria. the theme of this seminar “ transformational banking for economic development ” is indeed topical, and couldn ’ t have come at a better time, considering that the banking sector in nigeria is passing through a critical and decisive path in reforms to reposition it to effectively impact on other sectors of the economy, especially the real sector. 2. economic development is about enhancing the productive capacity of an economy by using available resources to reduce risks, remove impediments which otherwise could lower costs and hinder investment. the banking system plays the important role of promoting economic growth and development through the process of financial intermediation. many economists have acknowledged that the financial system, with banks as its major component, provide linkages for the different sectors of the economy and encourage high level of specialization, expertise, economies of scale and a conducive environment for the implementation of various economic policies of government intended to achieve non - inflationary growth, exchange rate stability, balance of payments equilibrium and high levels of employment. 3. the role of finance in economic development is widely acknowledged in the literature. in particular, schumpeter ( 1911 ) put the role of financial intermediation at the center of economic development. he argued that financial intermediation through the banking system played a pivotal role in economic development by affecting the allocation of savings, thereby improving productivity, technical change and the rate of economic growth. he believed that efficient allocation of savings through identification and funding of entrepreneurs with the best chances of successfully implementing innovative products and production processes are tools to achieve this objective. 4. the endogenous growth literature also supports the argument that financial