The deployment of strong authentication procedures adds greater operational complexity to the classical means of interaction with customers and here, once again, given that the situation may entail a certain level of initial confusion, it would be advisable to develop educational and assistance programmes that help accommodate users to the new reality. Bank customers and financial education I cannot stress this point enough. Financial and digital literacy are basic, crucial factors for the efficient use of financial technology and for lessening the level of risk implicit in its use. Involuntary authorisation for access to personal information or fraud, to which I have just referred, are merely some of the examples of this implicit risk. Other examples are: (i) the offering of complex, opaque projects that are difficult to understand and which may be wrapped up in a user-friendly fashion for the public at large through applications (apps or similar); (ii) the disclosure of relevant information, pre-contractual or contractual alike, through smart phones or tablets, in which the size of the screen and the immediacy of acceptance limit customers’ capacity to know what they are really agreeing to; (iii) limitations in obtaining direct and personalised advice from a qualified adviser; (iv) discrimination linked to the use of macro-data, in the sense that the use and knowledge of personal data by 6/8  services providers might result in discriminatory practices against specific groups of consumers, normally those who are most vulnerable; and (v) the risk of financial exclusion linked to the lack of digital skills.

We deem that there is room for other agreements with international financial institutions specialised in providing funds and assistance. Establishing collective public protection releases the financial system and businesses from setting up individual protection. Besides, it may be transformed into a necessary source of funds for the Albanian economy. •  Improving the business climate further and observing the contract enforcement. The business climate is a rather complex issue, but I would highlight two issues here. First, the payment of deferred budget liabilities as a priority. In spite of the financial cost, it is an important step for easing the debt burden in the economy and signalling the political willingness to guarantee contract enforcement. •  Second, the improvement of by-laws that regulate the collateral enforcement and write-off of bad debt from banks’ balance sheets. The definitive solution to this problem would signal to the banking system that Albania is a country where lending is safe. All these steps would stimulate the economic activity and restore economic equilibrium. However, the Albanian economy is also suffering from structural weaknesses, which restrict the growth rate. I would not like to examine this aspect in detail but I think it's reasonable to reiterate my message that Albania should speed up structural reform. It should be anchored to the EU convergence process and aim at adopting its best models and rules. Through public investment and economic incentives, it should aim at a more effective and competitive economic structure, capable of generating a rapid and sustainable growth.