In 2008, the Taskforce on “Islamic Finance and Global Financial Stability” was formed by the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) and the IFSB, together with the industry leaders and international expertise to examine further the building blocks in the Islamic financial infrastructure that need to be put in place to ensure financial stability. Among the areas covered by the report are for the effective implementation and enforcement of the prudential standards and the supervisory framework, and the recommendation for the establishment of a Financial Stability Forum to address issues of financial stability in the Islamic financial system. In Malaysia, the Islamic financial system operates in parallel with the conventional financial system. In such a dual system attention needs to be given to avoid the potential for regulatory arbitrage that may result in distortions that undermines the environment of a level playing field between conventional finance and Islamic finance. The development of the legal and regulatory framework for Islamic financial services industry is therefore grounded on the principle of neutrality in ensuring no worse off treatment when compared to conventional finance in terms of the taxation, laws and regulations. 2  BIS Review 141/2009  Equally important in the building of the financial infrastructure is the development of the Islamic financial markets. Malaysia has now developed a comprehensive Islamic financial system that includes the banking and takaful industry, other specialised financial institutions and the Islamic money and capital markets.

Furthermore, the start of Stage Three of EMU has also eliminated short-term intra-EU exchange rate volatility and exchange rate risks, and has thereby encouraged trade and investment. In addition, the benefits of economic integration afforded by the development of the Single Market are enhanced by the elimination of the transaction costs of exchanging different currencies, a direct result of the introduction of the euro. While they are difficult to measure, they effectively form an additional layer of protection for domestic producers. The single currency makes prices across the euro area directly comparable, which should increase competition and hence efficiency and economic growth in the area. A number of further positive effects on economic growth flow from the elimination of separate currencies in the euro area countries. One benefit is the potential for the reduction of risk premia built into real interest rates, which, in turn, will stimulate productive investment. Another benefit is that by facilitating the development of deep and integrated capital markets, the single currency should further reduce long-term rates via the elimination of an illiquidity premium. In addition, a wider and deeper capital market in the euro area will improve intermediation between savers and investors. Ensuring the benefits: stability-oriented policies It should be emphasised, however, that the true benefits of EMU derive from the fact that it is a unique opportunity to shape a macroeconomic environment conducive to stability, growth and employment, and to foster structural change which is needed to maintain or restore medium to longterm dynamism in the European economies.