The IFSB now has 137 members that include 35 regulatory and supervisory authorities, five international inter-government organisations including the BIS, World Bank and the IMF, and 97 market players and professional firms from 22 jurisdictions. Of significance to note is that the membership of the IFSB comprises several authorities and international institutions from the non-Muslim countries. The IFSB complements the Accounting and Auditing Organisation for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) which was established earlier in 1991, to set the accounting standards to ensure that the true and fair value are reflected in the financial transactions and to ensure greater accountability and responsibility of the financial institutions. Finally, these developments have been reinforced by greater liberalisation to increase the international dimension of Islamic finance. With increased international participation in Islamic financial markets, it has prompted increased cross-border Islamic financial flows. In addition, Islamic financial institutions that had previously operated only in their own domestic jurisdictions have begun to venture abroad to tap new growth opportunities in other regions. This new international dimension of Islamic finance has enhanced further the international inter-linkages in this more globalised environment. Islamic finance: operating in a challenging and evolving environment The evolution and expansion of Islamic finance has occurred in a fast changing and dynamic international environment. In the context of a more challenging and competitive environment, the issue of financial stability, viability and competitiveness are paramount. This is particularly evident in the recent developments experienced in the international financial system.

Most significant has been the development of the Islamic financial markets, the increase in the range of the financial products and services, the increasing significance of the international dimension of Islamic finance, the development of the international Islamic financial architecture, and the enhanced international inter-linkages that has been brought about by these developments. Transformation of the Islamic financial landscape As recent as five years ago, the development of Islamic finance was regarded as an infant industry striving to prove its viability and competitiveness. At that time, the growth of Islamic finance was organic and largely concentrated in countries where the Muslim population was significant. In these five years, Islamic finance has recorded dramatic growth and has a presence in more than 75 countries both in Muslim and non-Muslim dominated communities. There are also a growing number of the international financial centres that are beginning to offer Islamic financial products and services such as in London, Singapore and Hong Kong. The number of Islamic banking institutions worldwide including conventional banks that are offering Islamic banking services have doubled to more than 300. The total Islamic financial assets under their management is now estimated to exceed one trillion US dollars, about fivefold its magnitude five years ago. Islamic finance is now among the fastest growing financial segments in the international financial system with an estimated average annual growth of between 15 to 20 percent.