Ardian Fullani: Overview of Albania’s latest economic and financial developments Speech by Mr Ardian Fullani, Governor of the Bank of Albania, on the Monetary Policy Decision-Making of the Bank of Albania’s Supervisory Council, Tirana, 27 February 2013. *  *  *  Today, on 27 February 2013, the Supervisory Council of the Bank of Albania reviewed and approved the monthly Monetary Policy Report. Based on the latest monetary and economic developments in Albania, and following discussions on their future outlook, the Supervisory Council of the Bank of Albania decided to keep the key interest rate unchanged, at 3.75%. The Supervisory Council deems that the monetary conditions are adequate to comply with the medium-term inflation target, providing the necessary monetary stimulus to boost domestic demand. Let me now proceed with an overview of the economic developments and key issues discussed at today’s meeting. *** Annual inflation was 2.7% in January. Higher food prices were the major contributor, about 75%, to inflation formation. In this regard, unprocessed foods, which recorded double-digit growth rates, contributed the most to this formation. The prices of the other consumer basket items fluctuated narrowly, maintaining their low contribution to inflation. In the macroeconomic aspect, inflation was formed by the presence of spare production capacities, while supply-side shocks were absent. The slow growth of production costs and low profit margin for businesses were reflected in low core and headline inflation rates. In addition, the stable exchange rate, anchored inflation expectations and low monetary expansion contributed to maintaining price stability.

Given the Bank’s somewhat chequered record on gender diversity up to that point, it was rather unfortunately named CHAPS. And indeed still is. In 1993, the Bank stepped-in to rescue a flagging project to upgrade the securities settlement process in the UK. The Bank designed and built a new, safety-first, system which again exists to this day. Fortunately, we did not call this one BLOKES, but rather the gender-neutral CREST. Most recently, in the light of the crisis, the Bank has been at the forefront of the debate about re-organising the structure of banking, with a ring-fence or firewall between the basic retail and investment banking sides of the business. This structural approach is increasingly finding favour both in the UK (through the proposals of the Vickers Commission) and internationally (for example, through the Volcker proposals in the US and the recent Liikanen proposals in Europe). 9  Sayers (1976). 10  Sayers op cit. BIS central bankers’ speeches  5  For the past half-century, the Bank’s structural agenda has become a central feature. But at the time it marked a radical departure from the Bank’s past. Designing what are in effect financial public goods is a front-foot activity. The Bank had grown a new limb, augmenting its crisis-management right arm with a crisis-prevention left arm. Stitching it all together So far, I have made no real mention of monetary policy. That is because, for much of its life up to the early 1970s, monetary control at the Bank of England was pretty simple.