For countries where SME-credit evaluation skills are scarce, the centralisation of expertise using such an arrangement would be able to facilitate this as banks build their capacity. There have also been a wide range of innovative financial products and services to support this agenda. A highly successful programme in Malaysia has been the RM2 billion SME Assistance Guarantee Scheme which was established in February 2009 to ensure that viable SMEs adversely impacted by the economic slowdown would have continued access to financing. Under this scheme, SMEs are able to obtain financing with an 80% guarantee cover provided by the Credit Guarantee Corporation. The cost of the guarantee was borne by the Central Bank. This scheme has assisted about 10,000 SMEs from all sectors of the economy in sustaining their businesses and preserving employment. Venture capital and private equity funds are required to provide early stage financing for innovative SMEs. Due to the highly specialised focus of such funds, it is common for fund-offunds to be established as a pooling mechanism for the purpose of risk diversification. However, the success of these forms of financing depend very much on the enabling environment in terms of availability of talent as well as deep and relatively well developed equity market for early stage investors to “exit”. Finally, micro financing is important to provide access to funding for micro enterprises. There are now many highly innovative schemes to achieve outreach, including by mobile banking and agent banking. Critical to the success of such financing is pricing and accessibility.

A recent innovative arrangement introduced this year is the risk-sharing arrangements between the government and banks to provide opportunities for the lower income and younger segments of the population to own homes and thus accumulate wealth at an earlier age. Another important form of wealth accumulation is the collective investment schemes such as unit trusts. The pooling of savings provides economies of scale, access to professional investment managers, as well as a diversified investment portfolio. In Malaysia, this was initially promoted through the establishment of government sponsored national savings scheme (Amanah Saham Nasional). Participation of the average household has now paved the way for the growth in the private unit trust industry. The formation of such national savings schemes has also contributed to the development of an institutional investor base in Malaysia that has been able to mobilize substantial volumes of savings. The mobilization of these funds provides the potential for funding of businesses and the corporate sector and for project financing including for infrastructure development. As SMEs and micro enterprises form the majority of business enterprises in most countries, and as they contribute significantly to GDP, employment and wealth creation, efficient access to finance is critical. The Malaysian experience to address this has been the establishment of the Credit Guarantee Corporation to assist viable SMEs with inadequate track record to access financing by providing guarantees and credit enhancements for SME financing. The credit evaluation is carried out by banks, and by the CGC.