---
annotations_creators:
- machine-generated
language:
- en
language_creators:
- found
license:
- cc-by-sa-4.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
pretty_name: unarXive citation recommendation
size_categories:
- 1M<n<10M
tags:
- arXiv.org
- arXiv
- citation recommendation
- citation
- reference
- publication
- paper
- preprint
- section
- physics
- mathematics
- computer science
- cs
task_categories:
- text-classification
task_ids:
- multi-class-classification
source_datasets:
- extended|10.5281/zenodo.7752615
dataset_info:
  features:
  - name: _id
    dtype: string
  - name: text
    dtype: string
  - name: marker
    dtype: string
  - name: marker_offsets
    sequence:
      sequence: int64
  - name: label
    dtype: string
  config_name: .
  splits:
  - name: train
    num_bytes: 5457336094
    num_examples: 2043192
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 551012459
    num_examples: 225084
  - name: validation
    num_bytes: 586422261
    num_examples: 225348
  download_size: 7005370567
  dataset_size: 6594770814
---
# Dataset Card for unarXive citation recommendation

## Dataset Description

* **Homepage:** [https://github.com/IllDepence/unarXive](https://github.com/IllDepence/unarXive)
* **Paper:** [unarXive 2022: All arXiv Publications Pre-Processed for NLP, Including Structured Full-Text and Citation Network](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.14957)

### Dataset Summary

The unarXive citation recommendation dataset contains 2.5 Million paragraphs from computer science papers and with an annotated citation marker. The paragraphs and citation information is derived from [unarXive](https://github.com/IllDepence/unarXive).

Note that citation infromation is only given as the [OpenAlex](https://openalex.org/) ID of the cited paper. An important consideration for models is therefore if the data is used *as is*, or if additional information of the cited papers (metadata, abstracts, full-text, etc.) is used.

The dataset can be used as follows.

```
from datasets import load_dataset

citrec_data = load_dataset('saier/unarXive_citrec')
citrec_data = citrec_data.class_encode_column('label')  # assign target label column
citrec_data = citrec_data.remove_columns('_id')         # remove sample ID column
```

## Dataset Structure

### Data Instances

Each data instance contains the paragraph’s text as well as information on one of the contained citation markers, in the form of a label (cited document OpenAlex ID), citation marker, and citation marker offset. An example is shown below.

```
{'_id': '7c1464bb-1f0f-4b38-b1a3-85754eaf6ad1',
 'label': 'https://openalex.org/W3115081393',
 'marker': '[1]',
 'marker_offsets': [[316, 319]],
 'text': 'Data: For sentiment analysis on Hindi-English CM tweets, we used the '
         'dataset provided by the organizers of Task 9 at SemEval-2020.\n'
         'The training dataset consists of 14 thousand tweets.\n'
         'Whereas, the validation dataset as well as the test dataset contain '
         '3 thousand tweets each.\n'
         'The details of the dataset are given in [1]}.\n'
         'For this task, we did not use any external dataset.\n'}
```

### Data Splits

The data is split into training, development, and testing data as follows.

* Training: 2,043,192 instances
* Development: 225,084 instances
* Testing: 225,348 instances

## Dataset Creation

### Source Data

The paragraph texts are extracted from the data set [unarXive](https://github.com/IllDepence/unarXive).

#### Who are the source language producers?

The paragraphs were written by the authors of the arXiv papers. In file `license_info.jsonl` author and text licensing information can be found for all samples, An example is shown below.

```

{'authors': 'Yusuke Sekikawa, Teppei Suzuki',
 'license': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/',
 'paper_arxiv_id': '2011.09852',
 'sample_ids': ['cc375518-347c-43d0-bfb2-f88564d66df8',
                '18dc073e-a48e-488e-b34c-e5fc3cb8a4ca',
                '0c2e89b3-d863-4bc2-9e11-8f6c48d867cb',
                'd85e46cf-b11d-49b6-801b-089aa2dd037d',
                '92915cea-17ab-4a98-aad2-417f6cdd53d2',
                'e88cb422-47b7-4f69-9b0b-fbddf8140d98',
                '4f5094a4-0e6e-46ae-a34d-e15ce0b9803c',
                '59003494-096f-4a7c-ad65-342b74eed561',
                '6a99b3f5-217e-4d3d-a770-693483ef8670']}
```

### Annotations

Citation information in unarXive is automatically determined ([see implementation](https://github.com/IllDepence/unarXive/blob/master/src/match_references_openalex.py)).

<!--

## Considerations for Using the Data

### Discussion and Biases

TODO

### Other Known Limitations

TODO

-->

## Additional Information

### Licensing information

The dataset is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0.

### Citation Information

```
@inproceedings{Saier2023unarXive,
  author        = {Saier, Tarek and Krause, Johan and F\"{a}rber, Michael},
  title         = {{unarXive 2022: All arXiv Publications Pre-Processed for NLP, Including Structured Full-Text and Citation Network}},
  booktitle     = {Proceedings of the 23rd ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries},
  year          = {2023},
  series        = {JCDL '23}
}
```