Question: Who performed the first successful human heart operation?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: Norman Shumway is widely regarded as the father of human heart transplantation, although the world's first adult heart transplant was performed by a South African cardiac surgeon, Christiaan Barnard, using techniques developed by Shumway and Richard Lower. Barnard performed the first transplant on Louis Washkansky on 3 December 1967 at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town. Adrian Kantrowitz performed the first pediatric heart transplant on 6 December 1967 at Maimonides Hospital (now Maimonides Medical Center) in Brooklyn, New York, barely three days later. Shumway performed the first adult heart transplant in the United States on 6 January 1968 at Stanford University Hospital.
question: Who performed the first successful human heart transplant operation?
short_answers: Barnard

Christiaan Neethling Barnard

Christiaan Barnard
wikipage: Cardiac surgery

context: Surgery on the great vessels (e.g., aortic coarctation repair, Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt creation, closure of patent ductus arteriosus) became common after the turn of the century. However, operations on the heart valves were unknown until, in 1925, Henry Souttar operated successfully on a young woman with mitral valve stenosis. He made an opening in the appendage of the left atrium and inserted a finger in order to palpate and explore the damaged mitral valve. The patient survived for several years, but Souttar's colleagues considered the procedure unjustified, and he could not continue.
question: Who performed the first successful human heart valve operation?
short_answers: Henry Souttar

Souttar

Sir Henry Sessions Souttar
wikipage: Cardiac surgery

context: Alfred Blalock, Helen Taussig, and Vivien Thomas performed the first successful palliative pediatric cardiac operation at Johns Hopkins Hospital on November, 29 1944, in a one-year-old girl with Tetralogy of Fallot.
question: Who performed the first successful palliative pediatric human heart operation?
short_answers: Helen Taussig

Vivien Thomas

Alfred Blalock

Alfred Blalock, Helen Taussig, and Vivien Thomas
wikipage: Cardiac surgery

context: Cardiopulmonary bypass was developed after surgeons realized the limitations of hypothermia in cardiac surgery: Complex intracardiac repairs take time, and the patient needs blood flow to the body (particularly to the brain), as well as heart and lung function. In 1953, Dr. John Heysham Gibbon of Jefferson Medical School in Philadelphia reported the first successful use of extracorporeal circulation by means of an oxygenator, but he abandoned the method after subsequent failures. In 1954, Dr. Lillehei performed a series of successful operations with the controlled cross-circulation technique, in which the patient's mother or father was used as a "heart-lung machine". Dr. John W. Kirklin at the Mayo Clinic was the first to use a Gibbon-type pump-oxygenator.
question: Who performed the first successful human open heart operation?
short_answers: John Heysham Gibbon Jr.

Gibbon

John Heysham Gibbon
wikipage: Cardiac surgery

Long answers:
knowledge: content: Norman Shumway is widely regarded as the father of human heart transplantation, although the world's first adult heart transplant was performed by a South African cardiac surgeon, Christiaan Barnard, using techniques developed by Shumway and Richard Lower.[20] Barnard performed the first transplant on Louis Washkansky on 3 December 1967 at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town.
wikipage: Cardiac surgery

content: Surgery on the great vessels (e.g., aortic coarctation repair, Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt creation, closure of patent ductus arteriosus) became common after the turn of the century. However, operations on the heart valves were unknown until, in 1925, Henry Souttar operated successfully on a young woman with mitral valve stenosis. He made an opening in the appendage of the left atrium and inserted a finger in order to palpate and explore the damaged mitral valve. The patient survived for several years,[5] but Souttar's colleagues considered the procedure unjustified, and he could not continue.[6][7]
wikipage: Cardiac surgery

content: He continued his research upon his return and on May 6, 1953, he was able to perform the first successful open heart procedure, an ASD closure, on an 18-year-old patient using total cardiopulmonary bypass.
wikipage: John Heysham Gibbon

content: John Heysham Gibbon, AB, MD, (September 29, 1903 – February 5, 1973) was an American surgeon best known for inventing the heart–lung machine and performing subsequent open heart surgeries which revolutionized heart surgery
wikipage: John Heysham Gibbon

content: Alfred Blalock, Helen Taussig, and Vivien Thomas performed the first successful palliative pediatric cardiac operation at Johns Hopkins Hospital on 29 November 1944, in a one-year-old girl with Tetralogy of Fallot.[8]
wikipage: Cardiac surgery
long_answer: Henry Souttar performed the first successful human heart valve operation in 1925 when he operated successfully on a young woman with mitral valve stenosis, by making an opening in the appendage of the left atrium and inserted a finger in order to palpate and explore the damaged mitral valve, helping the patient survive for several years. On November 29, 1944, Alfred Blalock, Helen Taussig, and Vivien Thomas performed the first successful palliative pediatric cardiac operation at Johns Hopkins Hospital, in a one-year-old girl with Tetralogy of Fallot. On May 6, 1953, American surgeon John Heysham Gibbon, who was best known for inventing the heart-lung machine, performed the first successful open heart procedure, an ASD closure, on an 18-year-old patient using total cardiopulmonary bypass. Norman Shumway is widely regarded as the father of human heart transplantation, although the world's first successful adult heart transplant was performed by a South African cardiac surgeon, Christiaan Barnard, who performed the first transplant on Louis Washkansky on December 3, 1967 at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town.