sablo/dolly_curated huggingface dataset:
user: Who is the next coach at Fc Bayern München to take over from Julian Nagelsmann?

Text: """
Nagelsmann era (2021–2023)
Under new coach Julian Nagelsmann, Bayern have completed the feat of winning 10 consecutive Bundesliga titles following a 3–1 Der Klassiker win. However, the team unexpectedly lost to Villarreal in the Champions League quarter-finals, going out at that stage for the second year in a row. On 24 March 2023, Nagelsmann was released by Bayern and replaced by Thomas Tuchel, who received a contract until 30 June 2025."""

assistant: Thomas Tuchel replaced Julian Nagelsmann in March 2023 and is now the new coach at FC Bayern Munich, and was previously the coach at Chelsea.
user: Who was Hamish

Text: """
James Hill "Hamish" Barber FRCGP (28 May 1933 – 26 August 2007) was a doctor and medical academic. He was the first professor of general practice at the University of Glasgow and wrote the first comprehensive textbook in this field.

Early life
Barber was born on 28 May 1933 in Dunfermline, Scotland.

Medical career
Barber qualified from the University of Edinburgh in 1957. He gained a MD in 1966 with a thesis entitled A Study of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in General Practice.

In 1972 he was appointed as senior lecturer in the organisation of medical care at the University of Glasgow. In 1974 he became the first professor of General Practice at the University. Computer-assisted learning was introduced during his tenure.

Together with Andrew Boddy, he wrote The Textbook of General Practice Medicine which was published in 1975. At just over 350 pages it was the first comprehensive textbook of this specialty.

He retired in 1993.

Later life and death
He made model boats and wrote a book on the topic that was published in 2005: Scottish fishing vessels of the nineteenth century, a guide to building scale model boats.

After a long illness, he died on 26 August 2007."""

assistant: James Hill "Hamish" Barber FRCGP (28 May 1933 – 26 August 2007) was a doctor and medical academic. He was the first professor of general practice at the University of Glasgow and wrote the first comprehensive textbook in this field. Early life Barber qualified from the University of Edinburgh in 1957. In 1972 he was appointed as senior lecturer in the organization of medical care at the University of Glasgow. In 1974 he became the first professor of General Practice at the University. Computer-assisted learning was introduced during his tenure. He wrote The Textbook of General Practice Medicine with Andrew Boddy, published in 1975. Later life and death
user: Summarize the text and tell me what species are the Rimula rhips

Text: """
Rimula rhips is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Fissurellidae, the keyhole limpets and slit limpets."""

assistant: They are a species of sea snail.
user: Where is Hawaii?

Text: """
Hawaii (/həˈwaɪi/ (listen) hə-WY-ee; Hawaiian: Hawaiʻi  or ) is a state in the Western United States, about 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from the U.S. mainland in the Pacific Ocean. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only state in the tropics."""

assistant: Hawaii is located in the Pacific Ocean, about two thousand miles from the west coast of North America
user: Where was William José born?

Text: """
Born in Porto Calvo, Alagoas, Willian José started his career at local CRB's youth setup, before joining Grêmio Barueri in 2008, aged 17. On 1 August 2009 he made his first team – and Série A – debut, coming on as a late substitute in a 2–1 loss at Botafogo.

Willian José scored his first goal as a professional on 17 January of the following year, netting his side's only in a 1–1 draw at Sertãozinho for the Campeonato Paulista championship. He scored six further times during the campaign, which ended in relegation."""

assistant: William José was born in Porto Calvo, in the State of Alagoas in Brazil. He started his career at the local Gremio Barueri soccer team.
user: What is the Tritonia auriculata

Text: """
Tritonia auriculata is a species of dendronotid nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tritoniidae."""

assistant: Tritonia auriculata is a species of dendronotid nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tritoniidae
user: What album by Trans-X was released in 1983 and how many songs were on it?

Text: """
Living on Video (also known as Message on the Radio) is the first studio album by the Canadian synth-pop group Trans-X. Recorded and released in 1983 by Mantra Records, Message on the Radio was a seven-track album. Produced by Daniel Bernier, the record featured all instruments played by Pascal Languirand with Anne Brosseau on supporting vocals. The album was reissued in 1993 and contains a total of 14 tracks."""

assistant: Trans-X released the album Living on Video in 1983. It included 7 tracks.
user: Please summarize the MECE principle, give an example and explain how it can be used in business

Text: """
The MECE principle, (mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive) is a grouping principle for separating a set of items into subsets that are mutually exclusive (ME) and collectively exhaustive (CE). It was developed in the late 1960s by Barbara Minto at McKinsey & Company and underlies her Minto Pyramid Principle, and while she takes credit for MECE, according to her interview with McKinsey, she says the idea for MECE goes back as far as to Aristotle.

The MECE principle has been used in the business mapping process wherein the optimum arrangement of information is exhaustive and does not double count at any level of the hierarchy. Examples of MECE arrangements include categorizing people by year of birth (assuming all years are known), apartments by their building number, letters by postmark, and dice rolls. A non-MECE example would be categorization by nationality, because nationalities are neither mutually exclusive (some people have dual nationality) nor collectively exhaustive (some people have none)."""

assistant: MECE stands for Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive and serves as an organizing framework used by management consulting firms, such as McKinsey and BCG as a way to organize reports and complicated data.  Due to its effectiveness, it has made it's way into the larger business community.  An example MECE arrangement would be departments within an organization, year hired for employees, the choice to eat in or eat out.  MECE can be used to simplify complex ideas.
user: Given this paragraph about Computer Worm history, tell me the name of the earliest computer worm that caused damages to many computers on the Internet and the date when it was unleashed by his creator.

Text: """
A computer worm is a standalone malware computer program that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers. It often uses a computer network to spread itself, relying on security failures on the target computer to access it. It will use this machine as a host to scan and infect other computers. When these new worm-invaded computers are controlled, the worm will continue to scan and infect other computers using these computers as hosts, and this behaviour will continue. Computer worms use recursive methods to copy themselves without host programs and distribute themselves based on exploiting the advantages of exponential growth, thus controlling and infecting more and more computers in a short time. Worms almost always cause at least some harm to the network, even if only by consuming bandwidth, whereas viruses almost always corrupt or modify files on a targeted computer.

Many worms are designed only to spread, and do not attempt to change the systems they pass through. However, as the Morris worm and Mydoom showed, even these "payload-free" worms can cause major disruption by increasing network traffic and other unintended effects.

History

The actual term "worm" was first used in John Brunner's 1975 novel, The Shockwave Rider. In the novel, Nichlas Haflinger designs and sets off a data-gathering worm in an act of revenge against the powerful men who run a national electronic information web that induces mass conformity. "You have the biggest-ever worm loose in the net, and it automatically sabotages any attempt to monitor it. There's never been a worm with that tough a head or that long a tail!"

The second ever computer worm was devised to be an anti-virus software. Named Reaper, it was created by Ray Tomlinson to replicate itself across the ARPANET and delete the experimental Creeper program (the first computer worm, 1971).

On November 2, 1988, Robert Tappan Morris, a Cornell University computer science graduate student, unleashed what became known as the Morris worm, disrupting many computers then on the Internet, guessed at the time to be one tenth of all those connected. During the Morris appeal process, the U.S. Court of Appeals estimated the cost of removing the worm from each installation at between $200 and $53,000; this work prompted the formation of the CERT Coordination Center and Phage mailing list. Morris himself became the first person tried and convicted under the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act."""

assistant: The first computer worm publicly known to cause real disruptions and malfunctioning to computers connected to the Internet is known to be the Morris worm, created in 1988 by Robert Morris, a computer science student at Cornell University.
user: What can you tell me about about the Landscape Arch in Arches National Park in Utah?

Text: """
The arch is among many in the Devils Garden area in the north of the park. Landscape Arch was named by Frank Beckwith who explored the area in the winter of 1933–1934 as the leader of an Arches National Monument scientific expedition. The arch can be reached by a 0.8 mi (1.3 km) graded gravel trail.

The Natural Arch and Bridge Society (NABS) considers Landscape Arch the fifth longest natural arch in the world, after four arches in China. In 2004, the span of Landscape Arch was measured at 290.1 ft (88.4 m), ±0.8 ft (0.24 m), with a height of 77.5 ft (23.6 m). NABS measured the span of the slightly shorter Kolob Arch in Zion National Park at 287 ft (87 m) in 2006.

The most recent recorded rockfall events occurred in the 1990s when one large slab fell in 1991 and then two additional large rockfalls occurred in 1995. Since the rockfalls, the trail beneath the arch has been closed."""

assistant: The Landscape Arch is a natural arch considered the fifth longest natural arch in the world. It is located in the Arches National Park in Utah, USA. You can get to the arch by walking along a low-graded train in the park. The arch has recently lost some of its slabs due to rockfalls.
user: From the passage provided, extract the total amount of milk produced by Brazil in 2018

Text: """
Brazil is the world's largest exporter of chicken meat: 3.77 million tonnes in 2019. The country is the holder of the second largest herd of cattle in the world, 22.2% of the world herd. The country was the second largest producer of beef in 2019, responsible for 15.4% of global production. It was also the 3rd largest world producer of milk in 2018. This year, the country produced 35.1 billion liters. In 2019, Brazil was the 4th largest pork producer in the world, with almost 4 million tonnes."""

assistant: Brazil produced 35.1 billion litres of milk in 2018
user: From the passage provided, extract the date that National Beer Day is celebrated in the United States.

Text: """
National Beer Day is celebrated in the United States every year on April 7, marking the day that the Cullen–Harrison Act came into force after having been signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 22, 1933. This led to the Eighteenth Amendment being repealed on December 5, 1933, with the ratification of the Twenty-first Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. April 6, the day prior to National Beer Day, is known as New Beer's Eve."""

assistant: National Beer Day is celebrated in the United States on April 7.
user: Who is the company Adecco

Text: """
The Adecco Group, is a Swiss–French company based in Zurich, Switzerland. It is the world's second largest Human Resources provider and temporary staffing firm, and a Fortune Global 500 company.

The Adecco Group global headquarters in Zurich is located in Bellerivestrasse since 2017
The Adecco Group global headquarters in Zurich is located in Bellerivestrasse since 2017
They directly employ 700,000 people a day, and with the expansion of its operations to China, the number of people working under them totals up to 3.5 million."""

assistant: The Adecco Group, is a Swiss–French company based in Zurich, Switzerland. It is the world's second largest Human Resources provider and temporary staffing firm, and a Fortune Global 500 company.
user: What are the native animals of Antarctica?

Text: """
Antarctica (/ænˈtɑːrktɪkə/) is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean (also known as the Antarctic Ocean), it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent, being about 40% larger than Europe, and has an area of 14,200,000 km2 (5,500,000 sq mi). Most of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, with an average thickness of 1.9 km (1.2 mi).
Antarctica is, on average, the coldest, driest, and windiest of the continents, and it has the highest average elevation. It is mainly a polar desert, with annual precipitation of over 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. About 70% of the world's freshwater reserves are frozen in Antarctica, which, if melted, would raise global sea levels by almost 60 metres (200 ft). Antarctica holds the record for the lowest measured temperature on Earth, −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F). The coastal regions can reach temperatures over 10 °C (50 °F) in summer. Native species of animals include mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Where vegetation occurs, it is mostly in the form of lichen or moss.
The ice shelves of Antarctica were probably first seen in 1820, during a Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev. The decades that followed saw further exploration in French, American, and British expeditions. The first confirmed landing was by a Norwegian team in 1895. In the early 20th century, there were a few expeditions into the interior of the continent. British explorers were the first to reach the magnetic South Pole in 1909, and the geographic South Pole was first reached in 1911 by Norwegian explorers."""

assistant: Native species of animals in Antarctica include mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades.
user: Based on the paragraph below, please list out the 2 major causes supported by Kelly Slater.

Text: """
Slater is also a fundraiser and spokesperson for suicide prevention awareness. He has surfed in celebrity events for Surfers Against Suicide, telling sports website 'Athletes Talk': "I've lost a couple of friends myself to suicide and it's just a horrible thing that can be prevented. People get in this dark place and they don't know what to do so it's always nice to see a non-profit that isn't turning into anything else other than just trying to help people."

Slater is passionate about preserving oceans globally and protecting temperate reefs in California through his relationship with Reef Check. Slater is on the Board of Advisors (the Ocean Advocacy Advisory Board) of ocean conservation organization Sea Shepherd Conservation Society."""

assistant: Kelly Slater's main activism has been directed towards suicide prevention and ocean conservation.
user: How do you cook sous vide?

assistant: Sealing the food in sturdy plastic bags retains juices and aroma that otherwise would be lost in the process. Placing the packaged food in a water bath, with the temperature set at the desired final cooking temperature of the food, prevents overcooking, because the food cannot get hotter than the bath it is in, as in bain-marie.

As a result of precise temperature control of the bath and the fact that the bath temperature is the same as the target cooking temperature, very precise control of cooking can be achieved. Additionally, temperature, and thus cooking, can be very even throughout the food in sous vide cooking, even with irregularly shaped and very thick items, given enough time.
user: What is Economics?

Text: """
Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Microeconomics analyzes what's viewed as basic elements in the economy, including individual agents and markets, their interactions, and the outcomes of interactions. Individual agents may include, for example, households, firms, buyers, and sellers. Macroeconomics analyzes the economy as a system where production, consumption, saving, and investment interact, and factors affecting it: employment of the resources of labour, capital, and land, currency inflation, economic growth, and public policies that have impact on these elements."""

assistant: Economics allows us to understand resources, production of goods and services, growth over time and other issues that impact society.  Microeconomics is the study of individual agents such as buyers, sellers and households.  Macroeconomics studies the economy as a whole system and the factors that affect it.
user: What is an Aeolosaurini?

Text: """
Aeolosaurini is an extinct clade of titanosaurian dinosaurs known from the Cretaceous period of Argentina and Brazil. Rodrigo M. Santucci and Antonio C. de Arruda-Campos (2011) in their cladistic analysis found Aeolosaurus, Gondwanatitan, Maxakalisaurus, Panamericansaurus and Rinconsaurus to be aeolosaurids.

Aeolosaurini is characterized by several synapomorphies of the caudal vertebrae, such as angled centra, elongate prezygapophyses, and neural arches shifted anteriorly relative to the centra. In life, their tails may have been strongly curved downward as a result of these traits, which may have increased the force exerted by the caudofemoralis longus muscle in retracting the hindlimb. Some aeolosaurins, such as Shingopana and Overosaurus, were relatively small compared to other titanosaurs, whereas others, such as Aeolosaurus maximus, were large."""

assistant: Aeolosaurini is an extinct clade of titanosaurian dinosaurs known from the Cretaceous period of Argentina and Brazil. Aeolosaurini is characterized by several synapomorphies of the caudal vertebrae, such as angled centra, elongate prezygapophyses, and neural arches shifted anteriorly relative to the centra.
user: Using the given text, summarize the main features of the Fender Stratocaster

Text: """
The guitar introduced into the popular market several features that were innovative for electric guitars in the mid-1950s. The distinctive body shape, which has become commonplace among electric guitars, was revolutionary for the time period, and for the first time a mass-market electric guitar did not significantly resemble earlier acoustic models. The double cutaway, elongated horns, and heavily contoured back were all designed for better balance and comfort to play while standing up and slung off the shoulder with a strap. The three-pickup design offered players increased versatility and choice in tone quality over earlier one- and two-pickup electric guitars, and a responsive and simplified vibrato arm integrated into the bridge plate, which marked a significant design improvement over other vibrato systems, such as those manufactured by Bigsby. All of these design elements were popularized and later became an industry standard due to the success of the Stratocaster. The Fender Stratocaster is one of the most iconic electric guitar models of all time."""

assistant: The Fender Stratocaster is an electric guiar model introduced in the 1950s. Some of its main design features were part of its revolutionary body shape. For the first time, an electric guitar didn't look like an acoustic counterpart. The double cutaway, long horns, three-pickup and a simplified vibrato arm integrated into the bridge plate are some of the features of the Fender Stratocaster. All of these features, with some variations, became standard in the design of electric guitars.
user: From the above passage, provide some of the examples of black swan events. List the events in a bulleted list.

Text: """
The phrase "black swan" derives from a Latin expression; its oldest known occurrence is from the 2nd-century Roman poet Juvenal's characterization in his Satire VI of something being "rara avis in terris nigroque simillima cygno" ("a rare bird in the lands and very much like a black swan").: 165  When the phrase was coined, the black swan was presumed not to exist. The importance of the metaphor lies in its analogy to the fragility of any system of thought. A set of conclusions is potentially undone once any of its fundamental postulates is disproved. In this case, the observation of a single black swan would be the undoing of the logic of any system of thought, as well as any reasoning that followed from that underlying logic.

Juvenal's phrase was a common expression in 16th century London as a statement of impossibility. The London expression derives from the Old World presumption that all swans must be white because all historical records of swans reported that they had white feathers. In that context, a black swan was impossible or at least nonexistent.

However, in 1697, Dutch explorers led by Willem de Vlamingh became the first Europeans to see black swans, in Western Australia.[citation needed] The term subsequently metamorphosed to connote the idea that a perceived impossibility might later be disproven. Taleb notes that in the 19th century, John Stuart Mill used the black swan logical fallacy as a new term to identify falsification.

Black swan events were discussed by Nassim Nicholas Taleb in his 2001 book Fooled By Randomness, which concerned financial events. His 2007 book The Black Swan extended the metaphor to events outside of financial markets. Taleb regards almost all major scientific discoveries, historical events, and artistic accomplishments as "black swans"—undirected and unpredicted. He gives the rise of the Internet, the personal computer, World War I, the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and the September 11, 2001 attacks as examples of black swan events."""

assistant: As per the above passage, here are a few examples of black swan events:
Rise of the Internet
The personal computer
World War I
The dissolution of the Soviet Union
The September 11, 2001 attacks
user: Given a reference text about Margot Robbie, tell me when they were born and what they are famous for.

Text: """
Margot Elise Robbie (/ˈmɑːrɡoʊ ˈrɒbi/; born 2 July 1990) is an Australian actress and producer. Known for her work in both blockbuster and independent films, she has received various awards and nominations, including nominations for two Academy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, and five British Academy Film Awards. Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2017 and she was ranked as one of the world's highest-paid actresses by Forbes in 2019."""

assistant: Margot Robbie was born on July 2nd, 1990. She is famous for being an Australian actress and one of Time Magazine's 100 most influential people in the world in 2017.
user: Who finished the Wheel of Time series?

Text: """
Sanderson rose to prominence in late 2007 when Harriet McDougal, the wife and editor of author Robert Jordan, chose Sanderson to complete the final books in Jordan's epic fantasy series The Wheel of Time after Jordan's death. McDougal asked Sanderson to finish the series after being deeply impressed by his first Mistborn novel, The Final Empire. Tor Books made the announcement on December 7, 2007. After reviewing what was necessary to complete the series, Sanderson and Tor announced on March 30, 2009, that a final three books would be published instead of just one.

The first of these, The Gathering Storm, was published on October 27, 2009, and reached the number-one spot on the New York Times bestseller list for hardcover fiction.Towers of Midnight, the second-to-last Wheel of Time book, was published just over a year after The Gathering Storm on November 2, 2010, debuting at number one on the bestseller list. In early 2013, the series was completed with the publication of A Memory of Light."""

assistant: The death of Robert Jordan, the original author of the Wheel of Time series, prompted his wife and editor, Harriet McDougal, to find someone to complete her late husband's work. She chose Brandon Sanderson, who had recently released the popular first novel of the Mistborn series, The Final Empire. Sanderson agreed after reviewing Jordan's notes.
user: What is the Metropolitan College of New York?

Text: """
The Metropolitan College of New York was founded in 1964 by educational pioneer Audrey Cohen as the Women's Talent Corp. It was renamed the College for Human Services in 1970, when it was granted a charter by the New York State Board of Regents. In 1983, it started offering business programs and in 1988, it added its first graduate program: a Master of Administration (today a Master of Public Administration). In 1992, the college was renamed Audrey Cohen College in honor of its founder. It gained its current name, the Metropolitan College of New York, in 2002."""

assistant: The Metropolitan College of New York, founded in 1964 by Audrey Cohen, an educational pioneer, was originally named the Women's Talent Corporation.  In 1970 it was renamed teh College of Human Services and was granted a charter by the New York State Board of Regents.  In 1983 it added business programs and in 1988 added a Master of Administration.  The college was renamed in 1992 to the Audrey Cohen College in recognition of its founder.  In 2002 it was again renamed to the Metropolitan College of New York.
user: Change this to future tense

Text: """
He has been a leading film critic in the country for over a quarter of a century."""

assistant: He will be a leading film critic in the country for over a quarter of a century.
user: What did Deneen do in her teens?

Text: """
In her teens in the 1880s, she taught school for a time in Sac County, Iowa. She studied at the Mount Carroll Seminary (later known as Shimer College), exiting in 1890. Although then as now primarily a liberal arts institution, the school also offered courses in stenography and typewriting. Deneen performed well enough in her studies to be hired as an instructor of these subjects in 1889 and 1890."""

assistant: In her teens, Deneen taught school in Sac County, Iowa.
user: When was the french revolution

Text: """
The French Revolution (French: Révolution française [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799."""

assistant: The French revolution started in 1789 and ended in November 1799
user: Given a reference text about Sintok, tell me where it is located.

Text: """
Sintok is a small town Kubang Pasu District, Kedah, Malaysia. Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) is situated here.

Sintok is located about 52 kilometres from Alor Setar City and about twelve kilometres from Changlun Town. Sintok is reachable via Kuala Perlis-Changlun-Sintok expressway and via a road from Padang Terap.

History
The name "Sintok" is taken from the name of a type of tree. The town was originally a remote settlement area for tin miners. However, due to its close proximity to the border of Malaysia-Thailand, Sintok was exposed to threats from the banned communist group. Hence, the government had to migrate all the original residents to a safer area, and declared the town are as a 'black area'. History recorded many killings of members of the security forces in the area.

By mid 1980s, the federal and state government agreed on building a university in Sintok. The university was named Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), literally translated as "Northern University of Malaysia", and construction started in the late 1980s to replace the temporary campus in Bandar Baru Darul Aman, Jitra.

As a memorial to the sacrifice by the security forces, a memorial structure was built in that UUM campus. A list of names of the members of the security forces that was killed by the communists was placed at this memorial structure.

The establishment of UUM campus has expedited the growth of new settlements like Bandar Baru Sintok and Bukit Kachi which is located opposite of Sungai Badak Forest Reserve."""

assistant: Sintok is located 12km from Changlu Town and 52km from Alor Setar City in Malaysia.
user: Summarize wht kind of college is the Alpha Eta Rho

Text: """
Alpha Eta Rho (ΑΗΡ) is a coed international professional college aviation fraternity that serves as a contact between the aviation industry and educational institutions. The fraternity strives to foster, promote, and mentor today's college students towards successful careers in aviation, aeronautical engineering, and aerospace sciences. Alpha Eta Rho serves to actively associate interested students of aviation with leaders and executives in the industry. This close association, strengthened through the bonds of an international aviation fraternity, establishes opportunities for all members in their relation to aviation and inspires interest and cooperation among those in the profession who are also members of Alpha Eta Rho.
"""

assistant: It  is a coed international professional college aviation fraternity that serves as a contact between the aviation industry and educational institutions.
user: From the passage provided, determine who and when the first definition of thermodynamics was formulated.

Text: """
Historically, thermodynamics developed out of a desire to increase the efficiency of early steam engines, particularly through the work of French physicist Sadi Carnot (1824) who believed that engine efficiency was the key that could help France win the Napoleonic Wars. Scots-Irish physicist Lord Kelvin was the first to formulate a concise definition of thermodynamics in 1854 which stated, "Thermo-dynamics is the subject of the relation of heat to forces acting between contiguous parts of bodies, and the relation of heat to electrical agency." German physicist and mathematician Rudolf Clausius restated Carnot's principle known as the Carnot cycle and gave so the theory of heat a truer and sounder basis. His most important paper, "On the Moving Force of Heat", published in 1850, first stated the second law of thermodynamics. In 1865 he introduced the concept of entropy. In 1870 he introduced the virial theorem, which applied to heat."""

assistant: Scots-Irish physicist Lord Kelvin was the first to formulate a concise definition of thermodynamics in 1854.
user: What were all the earlier names for the city presently known as Chennai?

Text: """
Chennai (/ˈtʃɛnaɪ/ (listen), Tamil: [ˈt͡ɕenːaɪ̯]), formerly known as Madras, is the capital city of Tamil Nadu, the southernmost Indian state. It is the state's primate city both in area and population and is located on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. According to the 2011 Indian census, Chennai is the sixth-most populous city in India and forms the fourth-most populous urban agglomeration. The Greater Chennai Corporation is the civic body responsible for the city; it is the oldest city corporation of India, established in 1688—the second oldest in the world after London.

Historically, Chennai and surroundings were part of the Chola, Pandya, Pallava and Vijayanagara kingdoms for many centuries. The coastal land, which then contained the fishing village Madrasapattinam, was purchased by the British East India Company from the Nayak ruler Damarla Chennapa Nayaka, in the 17th century. The British garrison established the Madras city and port, and built Fort St. George—the first British fortress in India—which the French won over briefly in 1746, before becoming the winter capital of the Madras Presidency, a colonial province of the British Raj in the Indian subcontinent. After India gained its independence in 1947, Madras continued as the capital city of the Madras State and present-day Tamil Nadu. The city was officially renamed as Chennai in 1996.

The city is coterminous with Chennai district, which together with the adjoining suburbs constitutes the Chennai Metropolitan Area,[note 1] the 36th-largest urban area in the world by population and one of the largest metropolitan economies of India. As the traditional and de facto gateway of South India, Chennai is among the most-visited Indian cities by foreigners. It was ranked the 43rd most-visited city in the world in 2015 and 36th in 2019. The Quality of Living Survey rates it as India's safest city. Chennai attracts 45 percent of health tourists visiting India, and 30 to 40 percent of domestic health tourists. As such, it is termed "India's health capital". Chennai has the fifth-largest urban economy, and had the third-largest expatriate population in India."""

assistant: Chennai traces its roots back to a fishing village called Madrasapattinam. The British officially named it Madras when they purchased the land in the 17th century. The name of the city was changed to Chennai in 1996.
user: With which countries does Indonesia share borders?

Text: """
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the 14th-largest country by area, at 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles). With over 275 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth-most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population.
As the world's third largest democracy, Indonesia is a presidential republic with an elected legislature. It has 38 provinces, of which nine have special status. The country's capital, Jakarta, is the world's second-most populous urban area. Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support one of the world's highest level of biodiversity.
The Indonesian archipelago has been a valuable region for trade since at least the seventh century, when the Srivijaya Kingdom formed trade links with China. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Under Indian influence, Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished from the early centuries CE. Muslim traders later brought Islam, and European powers fought one another to monopolise trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratisation process, and periods of rapid economic change."""

assistant: Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India.
user: Who was Roy Cameron? When and where did he work?

Text: """
The Cameron Nunataks (72°36′S 163°43′E) are a small cluster of nunataks rising above the west margin of Evans Neve, at the southern end of the Freyberg Mountains. The cluster was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and from U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–64, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Roy E. Cameron, biologist at McMurdo Station, summers 1966–67 and 1967–68."""

assistant: Roy E. Cameron was a biologist. He worked in Antartica at the McMurdo Station during the summers of 1966–67 and 1967–68
user: Tell me about the history of how the NBA started?

Text: """
The Basketball Association of America was founded in 1946 by owners of the major ice hockey arenas in the Northeastern and Midwestern United States and Canada. On November 1, 1946, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the Toronto Huskies hosted the New York Knickerbockers at Maple Leaf Gardens, in a game the NBA now refers to as the first game played in NBA history. The first basket was made by Ossie Schectman of the Knickerbockers. Although there had been earlier attempts at professional basketball leagues, including the American Basketball League (ABL) and the NBL, the BAA was the first league to attempt to play primarily in large arenas in major cities. During its early years, the quality of play in the BAA was not significantly better than in competing leagues or among leading independent clubs such as the Harlem Globetrotters. For instance, the 1948 ABL finalist Baltimore Bullets moved to the BAA and won that league's 1948 title, and the 1948 NBL champion Minneapolis Lakers won the 1949 BAA title. Prior to the 1948–49 season, however, NBL teams from Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, Minneapolis, and Rochester jumped to the BAA, which established the BAA as the league of choice for collegians looking to turn professional.

On August 3, 1949, the remaining NBL teams–Syracuse, Anderson, Tri-Cities, Sheboygan, Denver, and Waterloo–merged into the BAA. In deference to the merger and to avoid possible legal complications, the league name was changed to the present National Basketball Association, even though the merged league retained the BAA's governing body, including Maurice Podoloff as president. To this day, the NBA claims the BAA's history as its own. It now reckons the arrival of the NBL teams as an expansion, not a merger, and does not recognize NBL records and statistics."""

assistant: The league was founded in New York City on June 6, 1946, as the Basketball Association of America (BAA). It changed its name to the National Basketball Association on August 3, 1949, after merging with the competing National Basketball League..
user: Where is Ecsenius tessera commonly found?

Text: """
Ecsenius tessera is a species of combtooth blenny in the genus Ecsenius. It is found in coral reefs in the western Pacific ocean, around Vanuatu. It can reach a maximum length of 4.5 centimetres. Blennies in this species feed primarily off of plants, including benthic algae and weeds."""

assistant: Ecsenius tessera is commonly found in coral reefs in the western Pacific ocean, close to Vanuatu.
user: Please give me a summary of what AES-GCM is and what are its inputs and outputs.

Text: """
In cryptography, Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) is a mode of operation for symmetric-key cryptographic block ciphers which is widely adopted for its performance. GCM throughput rates for state-of-the-art, high-speed communication channels can be achieved with inexpensive hardware resources.

The GCM algorithm provides both data authenticity (integrity) and confidentiality and belongs to the class of authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) methods. This means that as input it takes a key K, some plaintext P, and some associated data AD; it then encrypts the plaintext using the key to produce ciphertext C, and computes an authentication tag T from the ciphertext and the associated data (which remains unencrypted). A recipient with knowledge of K, upon reception of AD, C and T, can decrypt the ciphertext to recover the plaintext P and can check the tag T to ensure that neither ciphertext nor associated data were tampered with."""

assistant: AES-GCM is a mode of operation for symmetric-key cryptography. It stands for Galois/Counter Mode and is an authenticated block cipher that provides integrity and authenticity on top of confidentiality. It accepts as input a key K, a plaintest P and associated data AD, and it produces as output the ciphertext C and an authentication tag T.
user: If there are only two genera remaining, what happened to the other 24?

Text: """
According to the World Register of Marine Species, there are only two genera in this family. Previously there were about 26, but most of these have been reallocated as sub-genera of the remaining two genera, Mycale and Phlyctaenopora:"""

assistant: Most of the other 24 were reallocated as sub-genera of the remaining two genera.
user: Which sea on Earth has no beaches

assistant: Sargasso sea
user: Given these paragraphs about battery storage power stations, how much was able to store and dispatch the first phase of Vistra Energy's Moss Landing Energy Storage Facility?

Text: """
As of 2021, the power and capacity of the largest individual battery storage power plants is an order of magnitude less than that of the largest pumped storage power plants, the most common form of grid energy storage. For example, the Bath County Pumped Storage Station, the second largest in the world, can store 24GWh of electricity and dispatch 3GW while the first phase of Vistra Energy's Moss Landing Energy Storage Facility can store 1.2GWh and dispatch 300MW. Grid batteries do not however have to be large, and smaller ones can be deployed widely across a grid for greater redundancy.

As of 2019, battery power storage is cheaper than open cycle gas turbine power for use up to two hours, and there was around 365 GWh of battery storage deployed worldwide, growing extremely rapidly. Levelized cost of electricity from battery storage has fallen rapidly, halving in two years to US$150 per MWh as of 2020."""

assistant: The first phase of Vistra Energy's Moss Landing Energy Storage Facility can store 1.2GWh and dispatch 300MW.
user: Where is Mount Everest?

Text: """
Mount Everest (Nepali: सगरमाथा, romanized: Sagarmāthā; Tibetan: Chomolungma ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ; Chinese: 珠穆朗玛峰; pinyin: Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng) is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The China–Nepal border runs across its summit point. Its elevation (snow height) of 8,848.86 m (29,031 ft 8+1⁄2 in) was most recently established in 2020 by the Chinese and Nepali authorities."""

assistant: Mount Everest is located in the Himalayan mountain range and runs across the China-Nepal border.
user: From the text, how important is pilot communication with a non-towered controlled airport?

Text: """
An airfield traffic pattern is a standard path followed by aircraft when taking off or landing while maintaining visual contact with the airfield.

At an airport, the pattern (or circuit) is a standard path for coordinating air traffic. It differs from "straight-in approaches" and "direct climb-outs" in that aircraft using a traffic pattern remain close to the airport. Patterns are usually employed at small general aviation (GA) airfields and military airbases. Many large controlled airports avoid the system unless there is GA activity as well as commercial flights. However, some kind of a pattern may be used at airports in some cases such as when an aircraft is required to go around, but this kind of pattern at controlled airports may be very different in form, shape, and purpose to the standard traffic pattern as used at GA airports.

The use of a pattern at airfields is for aviation safety. By using a consistent flight pattern, pilots will know from where to expect other air traffic and be able to see and avoid it. Pilots flying under visual flight rules (VFR) may not be separated by air traffic control, so this consistent predictable pattern is a vital way to keep things orderly. At tower-controlled airports, air traffic control (ATC) may provide traffic advisories for VFR flights on a work-load permitting basis."""

assistant: From the provided text, I'm unable to tell how important pilot communication with a non-towered controlled airport is.
user: When was MIT founded?

Text: """
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a significant role in the development of many areas of modern technology and science."""

assistant: 1861
user: Extract from the text the various names that the Six Nations Championship has had throughout history with the beginning and end dates for each name and list them using bullet points ordered by beginning dates in the format {Beginning Date} / {End Date} - {Name}

Text: """
The Six Nations is the successor to the Home Nations Championship (1883–1909 and 1932–39), played between teams from England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, which was the first international rugby union tournament. With the addition of France, this became the Five Nations Championship (1910–31 and 1947–99), which in turn became the Six Nations Championship with the addition of Italy in 2000."""

assistant: * 1883 / 1909 - Home Nations Championship 
* 1910 / 1931 - Five Nations Championship
* 1932 / 1939 - Home Nations Championship
* 1947 / 1999 - Five Nations Championship
* 2000 / present - Six Nations Championship
user: Given this paragraph about a singer, what was Rihanna's first album?

Text: """
Robyn Rihanna Fenty NH (/riˈænə/ (listen) ree-AN-ə;[n 1] born February 20, 1988) is a Barbadian singer, actress, and businesswoman. Born in Saint Michael and raised in Bridgetown, Barbados, Rihanna auditioned for American record producer Evan Rogers who invited her to the United States to record demo tapes. After signing with Def Jam in 2005, she soon gained recognition with the release of her first two studio albums, Music of the Sun (2005) and A Girl Like Me (2006), both of which were influenced by Caribbean music and peaked within the top ten of the US Billboard 200 chart."""

assistant: Music of the Sun (2005)
user: what traditional process does Cyber PHA follow given this information?

Text: """
The Cyber PHA methodology reconciles the process safety and cybersecurity approaches and allows IT, Operations and Engineering to collaborate in way that is already familiar to facility operations management and personnel. Modeled on the process safety PHA/HAZOP methodology, a cyber PHA enables cyber risks to be identified and analyzed in the same manner as any other process risk, and, because it can be conducted as a separate follow-on activity to a traditional HAZOP it can be used in both existing brownfield sites and newly constructed greenfield sites without unduly meddling with well established process safety processes."""

assistant: HAZOP