Aritmetiká

An aritmetiká (tikang ha Griniyego nga αριθμός = numero) amo an gidadaani ngan giyayanohi nga sanga han matematika, nga gingagamit han ngatanan oara ha panadlaw-adlaw nga pan-ihap ngadto ha komplikado nga syensya ngan pannegosyohan nga kalkulasyon.

Pinanbasaran

Mga reperensya

Cunnington, Susan, The Story of Arithmetic: A Short History of Its Origin and Development, Swan Sonnenschein, London, 1904
Dickson, Leonard Eugene, History of the Theory of Numbers (3 volumes), reprints: Carnegie Institute of Washington, Washington, 1932; Chelsea, New York, 1952, 1966
Euler, Leonhard, Elements of Algebra , Tarquin Press, 2007
Fine, Henry Burchard (1858–1928), The Number System of Algebra Treated Theoretically and Historically, Leach, Shewell & Sanborn, Boston, 1891
Karpinski, Louis Charles (1878–1956), The History of Arithmetic, Rand McNally, Chicago, 1925; reprint: Russell & Russell, New York, 1965
Ore, Øystein, Number Theory and Its History, McGraw–Hill, New York, 1948
Weil, André, Number Theory: An Approach through History, Birkhauser, Boston, 1984; reviewed: Mathematical Reviews 85c:01004

Mga sumpay ha gawas 

 

MathWorld article about arithmetic
The New Student's Reference Work/Arithmetic (historical)
The Great Calculation According to the Indians, of Maximus Planudes  – an early Western work on arithmetic at Convergence