Pan-uuripon

Iton pan-uuripon in usa ka legal o sistema pan-ekonomiya ha ilarom kun diin into tawo in gintatrato komo butang. Bisan pa man iton mga balaod ngan mga sistema in nagkakadurudilaindain, komo butang, iton mga uripon in puyde mapalit ngan mabaligya. Iton mga uripon in puydi kapton tikang ha takna han ira pagkadakop, pagpalit o pagkatawo, ngan gintatanggalan hin katungod magbaya, magdiri hit pagtrabaho o mag-aro hin suhol. Ha kasaysayan, iton pan-uuripon in ginkikilala han mga institusyon han kadam-an nga sosyudad; ngan ha mas bag-o nga panahon, iton pan-uuripon in gindidire na han balaod ha ngatanan nga mga nasod, pero napadayon la gihapon ini ha buhat tungod han pagkautang, serfdom, suruguon ha panimalay nga ginpipriso, pipira nga mga pag-ampon kun diin an mga kabataan in napipiritan magtrabaho komo mga uripon, mga bata nga sundalo, ngan pinirit nga pag-asawa. An pan-uuripon in opisyal nga diri legal ha ngatanan nga mga nasod, pero may-ada la gihapon ginbabanabanahan nga 20 milyos hangtod 36 milyones nga mga uripon ha bug-os nga kalibutan. An Mauritania an pinakakataposan nga hurisdiksyon nga opisyal nga gindidiri han balaod an pan-uuripon (ha 1981/2007), pero mga 10% o 20% han iya popyulasyon in ginbabanabanahan nga nabubuhi hin pagkauripon.

May-da na pan-uuripon san-o pa an sinurat nga kasaysayan ngan ini in may-ada ha kadam-an nga mga kultura. Kadam-an han mga uripon ha pagkayana in uripon ha utang, labi na ha Salatan Asya, nga nagpapailarom tungod han utang han mga nangungutang, danay naabot pa bisan hin pipira nga henerasyon. An human trafficiking in panguna nga gingagamit hin pagpipirit han mga kababayin-an ngan kabataan ngadto ha industriya han sex.

Pinanbasaran

Bibliograpiya ngan padugang nga barasahon

Surveys and reference
 Bales, Kevin, Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy (1999)
 Campbell, Gwyn, Suzanne Miers, and Joseph C. Miller, eds. Women and Slavery. Volume 1: Africa, the Indian Ocean World, and the Medieval Atlantic; Women and Slavery. Volume 2: The Modern Atlantic (2007)
 
 Davis, David Brion. The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770-1823 (1999)
 Davis, David Brion. The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture (1988)
 Drescher, Seymour. Abolition: A History of Slavery and Antislavery (2009) highly regarded history of slavery and its abolition, worldwide
 Finkelman, Paul, ed. Encyclopedia of Slavery (1999)
 Gordon, M. Slavery in the Arab World (1989)
 Greene, Jacqueline. Slavery in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, (2001), ISBN 0-531-16538-8
 Joseph, Celucien L. Race, Religion, and The Haitian Revolution: Essays on Faith, Freedom, and Decolonization (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2012)
 Joseph, Celucien L. From Toussaint to Price-Mars: Rhetoric, Race, and Religion in Haitian Thought (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2013)
 Lal, K. S. Muslim Slave System in Medieval India  (1994) ISBN 81-85689-67-9
 Miers, Suzanne, and Igor Kopytoff, eds. Slavery In Africa: Historical & Anthropological Perspectives (1979)
 Morgan, Kenneth. Slavery and the British Empire: From Africa to America (2008)
 Postma, Johannes. The Atlantic Slave Trade, (2003)
 Rodriguez, Junius P., ed., The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery (1997)
 Rodriguez, Junius P., ed. Slavery in the United States: A Social, Political, and Historical Encyclopedia (2007)
 Shell, Robert Carl-Heinz Children Of Bondage: A Social History Of The Slave Society At The Cape Of Good Hope, 1652–1813 (1994)
 Westermann, William Linn  The Slave Systems of Greek and Roman Antiquity (1955), ISBN 0-87169-040-3

 Uncited sources
 Hogendorn, Jan and Johnson Marion: The Shell Money of the Slave Trade. African Studies Series 49, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1986.
 The Slavery Reader, ed. by Rigas Doganis, Gad Heuman, James Walvin, Routledge 2003

 United States
 Baptist, Edward E. The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism. Basic Books (2014). ISBN 046500296X
 Berlin, Ira. Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America (1999), most important recent survey
 Blackmon, Douglas A. Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II Doubleday (23 Marso 2008), ISBN 0-385-50625-2 ISBN 978-0-385-50625-0
 Boles, John. Black Southerners: 1619–1869 (1983) brief survey
 Engerman, Stanley L. Terms of Labor: Slavery, Serfdom, and Free Labor (1999) 
 Genovese Eugene D. Roll, Jordan Roll (1974), classic study
 Richard H. King, "Marxism and the Slave South", American Quarterly 29 (1977), 117–31, a critique of Genovese
 Escott, Paul D. "Remembering Slavery: African Americans Talk about Their Personal Experiences of Slavery and Freedom" Journal of Southern History, Vol. 67, 2001 
 Mintz, S. Slavery Facts & Myths , Digital History
 Parish, Peter J. Slavery: History and Historians (1989) 
 Phillips, Ulrich B. American Negro Slavery: A Survey of the Supply, Employment and Control of Negro Labor as Determined by the Plantation Regime (1918; paperback reprint 1966), southern white perspective
 Phillips, Ulrich B. Life and Labor in the Old South (1929)
 Sellers, James B. Slavery in Alabama (1950).
 Sydnor, Charles S. Slavery in Mississippi (1933)
 Stamp, Kenneth M. The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South (1956), a rebuttal of U B Philipps
 
 Vorenberg, Michael. Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment (2001) 
 Weinstein, Allen, Frank O. Gatell, and Lewis Sarasohn, eds., American Negro Slavery: A Modern Reader, third ed. (1978)

 Slavery in the modern era
 Jesse Sage and Liora Kasten, Enslaved: True Stories of Modern Day Slavery, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008 ISBN 978-1-4039-7493-8
 Tom Brass, Marcel van der Linden, and Jan Lucassen, Free and Unfree Labour. Amsterdam: International Institute for Social History, 1993
 Tom Brass, Towards a Comparative Political Economy of Unfree Labour: Case Studies and Debates, London and Portland, OR: Frank Cass Publishers, 1999. 400 pages.
 Tom Brass and Marcel van der Linden, eds., Free and Unfree Labour: The Debate Continues, Bern: Peter Lang AG, 1997. 600 pages. A volume containing contributions by all the most important writers on modern forms of unfree labour.
 Kevin Bales, Disposable People. New Slavery in the Global Economy, Revised Edition, University of California Press 2004, ISBN 0-520-24384-6
 Kevin Bales (ed.), Understanding Global Slavery Today. A Reader, University of California Press 2005, ISBN 0-520-24507-5
 Kevin Bales, Ending Slavery: How We Free Today's Slaves, University of California Press 2007, ISBN 978-0-520-25470-1.
 Mende Nazer and Damien Lewis, Slave: My True Story, ISBN 1-58648-212-2. Mende is a Nuba, captured at 12 years old. She was granted political asylum by the British government in 2003.
 Gary Craig, Aline Gaus, Mick Wilkinson, Klara Skrivankova and Aidan McQ­ e (2007). Contemporary slavery in the UK: Overview and key issues, Joseph Rowntree Foundation. ISBN 978-1-85935-573-2.
 David Hawk, The Hidden Gulag - Slave Labor Camps in North Korea, Washington DC: Committee for Human Rights in North Korea, 2012, ISBN 0-615-62367-0
 Somaly Mam Foundation 
 Thomas Sowell, The Real History of Slavery, in: Black Rednecks and White Liberals, San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2005. ISBN 978-1-59403-086-4.

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Historical
 Slavery Resource Guide, from the Library of Congress
 Digital Library on American Slavery
 African Holocaust
 Emory and Oxford College 
 Slavery Fact Sheets, Digital History 
 The West African Sqron and slave trade
 Slavery – PBS
 Understanding Slavery 
 Slavery
 Slavery Museum. Great Britain. 
 Archives on slavery held by the University of London 
 Mémoire St Barth (archives & history of slavery, slave trade and their abolition), Comité de Liaison et d'Application des Sources Historiques.
 Archives of the Middelburgsche Commercie Compagnie (MCC) 'Trade Company of Middelburg' (Inventory of the archives of the Dutch slave trade across the Atlantic)

Modern
 news-politics, modern-slavery Modern Slavery - slideshow by The First Post
 Slavery – PBS
 Walk Free Foundation – Global Slavery Index 2013 | Explore the Index

Pan-uuripon