การหัวเราะ

การหัวเราะ เป็นการแสดงออกของมนุษย์ที่มีภาวะอารมณ์ขัน หัวเราะเป็นปฏิกิริยาต่อเรื่องขำขัน สิ่งที่น่าขัน โดยแสดงออกเป็นการเปล่งเสียงพร้อมกับยิ้ม การหัวเราะโดยผิดธรรมชาติ อาจเกิดได้เช่น การได้รับก๊าซหัวเราะ เป็นต้น

หนังสืออ่านเพิ่ม 
 Bachorowski, J.-A., Smoski, M.J., & Owren, M.J. The acoustic features of human laughter. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 110 (1581) 2001
 
 Chapman, Antony J.; Foot, Hugh C.; Derks, Peter (editors), Humor and Laughter: Theory, Research, and Applications, Transaction Publishers, 1996. . Books.google.com
 Cousins, Norman, Anatomy of an Illness As Perceived by the Patient, 1979.
 
 Fried, I., Wilson, C.L., MacDonald, K.A., and Behnke EJ. Electric current stimulates laughter. Nature, 391:650, 1998 (see patient AK)
 Goel, V. & Dolan, R. J. The functional anatomy of humor: segregating cognitive and affective components. Nature Neuroscience 3, 237 - 238 (2001).
 Greig, John Young Thomson, The Psychology of Comedy and Laughter, New York, Dodd, Mead and company, 1923.
 
 Knight, Chris, Does laughter hold the key to human consciousness? – Chris Knight | Aeon Essays "Does laughter hold the key to human consciousness?" Aeon Magazine February 2019.
 Marteinson, Peter, On the Problem of the Comic: A Philosophical Study on the Origins of Laughter , Legas Press, Ottawa, 2006. utoronto.ca
 
 Provine, R. R., "Laughter". American Scientist, V84, 38:45, 1996. ucla.edu

 included in book: 
 Raskin, Victor, Semantic Mechanisms of Humor (1985).
 MacDonald, C., "A Chuckle a Day Keeps the Doctor Away: Therapeutic Humor & Laughter" Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services (2004) V42, 3:18-25. psychnurse.org
 Kawakami, K., et al., "Origins of smile and laughter: A preliminary study" Early Human Development (2006) 82, 61–66. kyoto-u.ac.jp
 Johnson, S., Emotions and the Brain Discover (2003) V24, N4. discover.com
 Panksepp, J., Burgdorf, J.,"'Laughing' rats and the evolutionary antecedents of human joy?" Physiology & Behavior (2003) 79:533-547. psych.umn.edu
 Milius, S., "Don't look now, but is that dog laughing?" Science News (2001) V160 4:55. sciencenews.org
 Simonet, P., et al., Dog Laughter: Recorded playback reduces stress related behavior in shelter dogs 7th International Conference on Environmental Enrichment (2005). petalk.org
 Discover Health (2004) Humor & Laughter: Health Benefits and Online Sources, helpguide.org
 Klein, A. The Courage to Laugh: Humor, Hope and Healing in the Face of Death and Dying. Los Angeles, CA: Tarcher/Putman, 1998.
Ron Jenkins Subversive laughter (New York, Free Press, 1994), 13ff
Bogard, M. Laughter and its Effects on Groups. New York, New York: Bullish Press, 2008.
Humor Theory. The formulae of laughter by Igor Krichtafovitch, Outskitspress, 2006, 
 Hans-Georg Moeller und Günter Wohlfart (Hrsg.): Laughter in Eastern and Western Philosophies. Verlag Karl Alber, Freiburg / München 2010.

แหล่งข้อมูลอื่น 

 The Origins of Laughter , chass.utoronto.ca
 Human laughter up to 16 million years old , cosmosmagazine.com
 More information about Gelotology from the University of Washington, faculty.Washington.edu
 WNYC's Radio Lab radio show: Is Laughter just a Human Thing?, wnyc.org
 Transcriptions of laughter, writtensound.com

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