Sérok raja mantri

Sérok raja mantri; Kantong semar rawa umum; Nepenthes mirabilisnyaéta hiji tutuwuhan anu asalna tina kulawarga nepenthaceae spésiés karnivora.Nepenthes mirabilis tina basa Latin: mirabilis = éndah),ieu tutuwuhan katelah ogé Kantong semar rawa umum.  Ieu tutuwuhan pang lobana kapanggih hirup di wewengkon Asia Tenggara, utamana di pulao-pulo Kapuloan Melayu (kajaba Kapuloan Sunda lwutik jeung Philipina kalér), kitu deui ti kapuloan  Tiongkok di kalér sarta Australia di kidul. Dina sebaranna ieu tutuwuhan mibanda rupa-rupa variétas, salah sahiji anu penting tayalian N. mirabilis var. echinostoma ieu endemik di Brunei jeung Sarawakkalawan mibanda hiji peristom anu kacila lega.

Status konservasi N. mirabilis kagolongkeun kana Risiko Rendah di 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Di Hong Kong, spésiés ieu aya dina panangtayungan dumasar kana Peraturan Kehutanan Cap. 96A. Numutkeun Matthew Jebb jeung Martin Cheek, sésérok jaya mantri/ N. mirabilis dimangpaatkeun pikeun dumpel kotéka di Papua Nugini.

Sebaran 
Nepenthes mirabilis mibanda daérah sebaran anu lega ti sakabek spésiés Nepenthes sarta dipikawanoh di nagara-nagara : Australia (Semenanjung York), Borneo, Kamboja, Kepulauan Caroline (Palau jeung Yap), Tiongkok (Provinsi Guangdong, Hainan, Hong Kong, ogé Macau), Kepulauan D'Entrecasteaux, Pulau Jawa, Laos, Kepulauan Louisiade, Kepulauan Maluku, Myanmar, Papua Nugini, Semenanjung Malaysia, Philipina (Dinagat jeung Mindanao), Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, ogé Vietnam. Ieu spésiés ogé katiténan kapanggih hirup di pulo-pulo, saperti: Babi, Bangka, Pulau Banyak, Pulau Batu, Bengkalis, Enggano, Ko Lanta, Ko Tarutao, Langkawi, Mendol, Kepulauan Mentawai (Pagai Utara, Siberut, Sipura, dan Pagai Selatan), Kepulauan Meranti (Padang, Rangsang, dan Tebing Tinggi), Nias, Penang, Phuket, Kepulauan Riau (Pulau Lingga dan Kepulauan Riau), Rupat, Tawi-Tawi, dan mungkin Wowoni.

Taksonomi 
Nepenthes mirabilis aya patula patalina anu kuat jeung N. rowanae ogé N. tenax, dua spésiés Nepenthes anu endemik di Australia.

Dina Database tutuwuhan karnivora-na, ahli taksonomi Jan Schlauer merenahkeun  N. kongkandana salaku sinonim tina ‘’N. mirabilis’’

Jinis Taksa Handap 
Di tempat nyebar tur ngarekahanna, N. mirabilis nembongkeun variabilitas anu gedé dina morfologi jeung kelir kantong, ogé mibanda panglobana sinonim tina sakabéh spésiés Nepenthes. Kitu deui wujud jeung jinis N. mirabilis anu kungsi dibéjérbéaskeun. kalawan henteu kaasup tina  N. mirabilis var. echinostoma ogé N. mirabilis var. globosa, taksa ieu henteu dianggap bener mangsa kiwari.

 Nepenthes mirabilis f. anamensis (Hort.Weiner) Hort.Westphal (1991)
 Nepenthes mirabilis var. anamensis Hort.Weiner in sched. (1985) nom.nud.
 Nepenthes mirabilis var. biflora J.H.Adam & Wilcock (1992)
 Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma (Hook.f.) Hort.Slack ex J.H.Adam & Wilcock (1992)
 Nepenthes mirabilis var. globosa M.Catal. (2010)
 Nepenthes mirabilis f. simensis (Hort.Weiner) Hort.Westphal (1991)
 Nepenthes mirabilis var. simensis Hort.Weiner in sched. (1985) nom.nud.
 Nepenthes mirabilis f. smilesii (Hemsl.) Hort.Westphal (2000)
 Nepenthes mirabilis var. smilesii (Hemsl.) Hort.Weiner in sched. (1985)

N. mirabilis var. echinostoma 

Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma mimiti dipedar ku Odoardo Beccari dina taun 1865 kalawan didéskripsikeun salaku spésiés kalawan maké ngaran latin N. echinostoma, ku Joseph Dalton Hooker dina taun 1873. Dina taun 1882, Frederick William Burbidge ngaguar variétas anu henteu biasa dina The Gardener' Chronicle tayalian:

 N. echinostoma singular Beccari (vide Herb. Kew) éta spésiés anu éndah, tacan dipikanyaho saméméhna, kuring nyangka henteu katempo ku Beccari! Liang kantong katempo kawas salahsahiji huntu  defleksi sababaraha lukut raksasa tina hipnoid.

Nepenthes mirabilis var. echinostoma hiji-hijina spésiés anu aya di Brunei. Spésiés ini ogé geus kapanggih di Sarawak, ngan kawasna  moal aya di daérah Sabah.

N. mirabilis var. globosa 

Nepenthes mirabilis var. globosa Kanyahoan ti daérah Laut Andaman salaku leuweung tutupan, Phang Nga, ogé ti daratan Thailand deukeut kota  Trang.

Variétas ieu tayalian anu aya dina bungkus  Journal of Insectivorous Plant Society édisi Januari 2006, diguar salaku "Nepenthes sp. ti Thailand". ngaran Nepenthes globosa bijil dina hiji artikel ku Shigeo Kurata, Journal of Insectivorous Plant Society dina bulan Juli 2007. Masalah anu sarua ogé kapanggih dina hiji artikel ku Masahiro Tada anu disebut salaku"Nepenthes Viking". Samemeh diguar ku Marcello Catalano dina taun 2010, takson ieu ogé disebutkeun sacara henteu resmi: Nepenthes sp. Phanga Nga dina buku  Stewart McPherson taun 2009, Pitcher Plants of the Old World.

Dina urusan balantik hortikultura, variétas ieu dipikanyaho salaku Nepenthes globosa (; tina basa Latin: globosus, "bola") jeung Nepenthes sp. Viking, saenggeusna  nempo kamiripan kantong jeung haluan kapal Viking.

Infauna kantong 

Kalolobaan organisme infauna geus dipikanyaho di jero kantong spésiés ini. Organisme dimaksud kayaning  laleur sarkofagid Sarcophaga papuensis jeung tungau Nepenthacarus warreni, anu kaduana geus kapanggih dina populasi tutuwuhan Australia. Kitu deui, reungit Aedes dybasi jeung Aedes maehleri aya di jero kantong N. mirabilis dina pulo pulo jeung Yap. duanana mibanda  sajarah anu teu bisa jeung sifat-sifat Morfologi anu aya patalina.

Nematoda Baujardia mirabilis geus diguar tina N. mirabilis di Thailand. Organisme ieu henteu dianggap hiji kabeneran; kantong spésiés ieu kawasna habitat alami ieu nematoda. Mikroekosistem di jero kantongna loba kapanggih   larva reungit, jeung  B. mirabilis. ieu nambah deu sangkaan yén nematoda ieu meureunmibanda hubungan  foretik jeng salahsahiji atawa leuwih spésiés gegeremet infauna.

Di Tiongkok kidul, cakung ogé geus katitenan aya dina éta kantong N. mirabilis. Amfibi ieu henteu jadi mangsa ieu tutuwuhan, ngan saukur ngamangsa gegeremet anu memang katewak ku kantongna. Amfibi ieu teu kapangaruhanku cai anu aya dina éta kantong, padahal mibanda sifat haseum/asam (meureun mibanda  pH anu saeutik 2), atawa alatan lapisan kulit luarna anu lucir jadi panghalang kana ieu cakung.

Catetang anggalna ngeunaan supa cai hirup di organ kantong karnivora anu asalna tina spésimen N. mirabilis anu hirup disapanjang susukan Jardine di Australia. Supa miselium ieu katitenan  duaduana hirup bebas di jero cai salaku pitapak pikeun gegeremet  berkitin tetep.

Kantong N. mirabilis geus dipikanyaho kapanggih ngumpulna rupa-rupa baktéri anu kompleks. Rupa-rupa baktéri katempo leuwih loba jinisna  tibatan anu kapanggih  dina cairan kantong N. ampullaria dan N. gracilis simpatrik di Semenanjung Malaysia. Komposisi dina N. mirabilis ogé bisa waé aya loba  bédana gumantung kana rupa kantongna, hiji hal anu henteu katempo  dina  dua spésiés séjénna.

Hibrida alami 
Nepenthes mirabilis Mangifera caesia banda sababaraha hibrida alami panglobana tina spesies anu aya dina  genus Nepenthes.

 ? (N. alata × N. merrilliana) × N. mirabilis [=N. × tsangoya]
 N. alata × N. mirabilis [=N. × mirabilata]
 N. ampullaria × N. mirabilis [=N. × kuchingensis, Nepenthes cutinensis]
 ? (N. ampullaria × N. rafflesiana) × N. mirabilis [=N. × hookeriana × N. mirabilis]
 N. andamana × N. mirabilis (yaitu N. andamana × N. mirabilis var. globosa)
 N. benstonei × N. mirabilis
 N. bicalcarata × N. mirabilis (yaitu N. bicalcarata × N. mirabilis var. echinostoma)
 ? (N. bicalcarata × N. rafflesiana) × N. mirabilis var. echinostoma
 N. gracilis × N. mirabilis [=N. × sharifah-hapsahii, N. × ghazallyana, N. × grabilis, N. neglecta?]
 N. insignis × N. mirabilis
 N. kampotiana × N. mirabilis
 N. kongkandana × N. mirabilis
 N. merrilliana × N. mirabilis
 N. mirabilis × N. northiana
 N. mirabilis × N. rafflesiana (yaitu N. mirabilis var. echinostoma × N. rafflesiana)
 N. mirabilis × N. reinwardtiana
 N. mirabilis × N. rowanae
 N. mirabilis × N. smilesii
 N. mirabilis × N. spathulata
 N. mirabilis × N. sumatrana
 N. mirabilis × N. tenax
 N. mirabilis × N. thorelii
 N. mirabilis × N. tomoriana

Catetan 

a.Nepenthes mirabilis munggaran diguar dina katangtuan sistem taksonomi Linnaeus salaku Phyllamphora mirabilis ku João de Loureiro dina taun 1790. Spésiés tuluy dipindahkeun genusna Nepenthes dumasar kana kasalahan kombinasi Nepenthes phyllamphora ku Carl Ludwig Willdenow dina taun 1805. ngabenerkeun deui publikasi mimiti kalayan binomial anu bener —Nepenthes mirabilis— ka George Claridge Druce dina taun 1916, ngan waé Database tutuwuhan Karnivora jieunan Jan Schlauer kacatet ngaguar jauh leuwih anggal ku Rafarin dina taun 1869.

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  สงขลา / ขนมหม้อข้าวหม้อแกงลิง ขนมไทยภูมิปัญญาชาวบ้าน . [video] 77 NationChannel.

Tutumbu ka luar 

 Hong Kong Herbarium: Nepenthes mirabilis 
 N. mirabilis var. globosa in its natural habitat

Nepenthaceae
Tutuwuhan Asia
Tutuwuhan Indonésia
Tutuwuhan tropis