Oray

Oray, ogé katelah ophidian, mangrupa réptil teu sukuan (getih tiis) nu deukeut pancakakina jeung kadal, nu ngahiji dina ordo Squamata. Aya ogé sababaraha spésiés kadal nu teu sukuan nu saliwat mah mirip oray, tapi lain.

Resep ka oray disebut ofiofilia, sedengkeun sieun ka oray disebut ofidiofobia.

Téori évolusi 
Filogeni oray can pati jéntré, sabab kurangna catetan fosil alatan leutik jeung gampang ancurna rorongkong oray. Tapi, dumasar morfologina, aya kasapukan yén oray téh diturunkeun ti karuhun nu kawas kadal. Panyangka ieu lajeng didukung ku hasil panalungtikan dina widang genetika jeung biokimia.

Klasifikasi 

Ordo: Squamata
 Subordo Serpentes
 Superfamili Cholophidia (Oray watang)
 Kulawarga Pachyophiidae: oray laut sukuan 
 Kulawarga Madtsoiidae: oray darat sukuan, kaasup Najash
 Kulawarga Dinilysiidae: oray darat sukuan lianna
 Superfamili Typhlopoidea (Scolecophidia)
 Kulawarga Anomalepidae: oray hayameun
 Kulawarga Typhlopidae: oray lolong
 Kulawarga Leptotyphlopidae /Glauconiidae: slender blind snakes
 Superfamili Henophidia (Boidéa)
 Kulawarga Aniliidae /Ilysiidae: pipe snakes
 Kulawarga Anomochilidae dwarf pipe snakes
 Kulawarga Boidae: boa 
 Kulawarga Pythonidae: sanca
 Kulawarga Bolyeriidae: boa Pulo Round
 Kulawarga Cylindrophiidae: Asian pipe snakes
 Kulawarga Loxocemidae: Mexican burrowing pythons
 Kulawarga Tropidophiidae
 Kulawarga Ungaliophiidae: dwarf boas
 Kulawarga Uropeltidae: Shield-tail Snakes
 Kulawarga Xenopeltidae: Sunbeam snakes
 Kulawarga Acrochordidae:  file snakes
 Superfamili Xenophidia (Colubroidéa =  Caenophidia)
 Kulawarga Atractaspididae: mole vipers
 Kulawarga Colubridae: colubrids (over half of all snake species, such as garter snake,  rat snake, milk snake, king snake)
 Kulawarga Elapidae: cobras, kraits, coral snakes, Australian copperheads
 Kulawarga Hydrophiidae: sea snakes
 Kulawarga Viperidae: pit vipers, true vipers, night adders and Fae's viper

Baca ogé 
 Huntu oray
 Peurah oray
 Rorongkong oray

Rujukan

Tumbu kaluar 

 Non-venomous Snakes Breeds
 Venomous Snakes Breeds
 Numerous articles from journals on snakes (mainly Australasian)
 Integrated Taxonomic Information System Serpentes
 EMBL Database
 the Lancelet: "The serpent beguiles?" Pedaran ngeunaan paaduregeng asal-usul oray dina yuga Cretacéous
 The medicinal use of snakes in China
 Poisonous snakes and lizards
 Snake Pictures 
 Snake venom LD50 values 
 Snake Photos and Breed Information
 Snakes Care

Oray
Sato ingon