Bénzéna

Bénzéna atawa bénzén, ogé katelah C6H6, PhH jeung bénzol mangrupa sanyawa organik nu wujudna cair teu warnaan, gampang kaduruk, sarta seungit kaambeuna. Bénzéna téh karsinogén, sahingga geus teu dipaké salaku aditif pikeun béngsin. Bénzéna kaasup salah sahiji pangleyur industri penting sarta bahan baku pikeun produksi ubar, plastik, karét sintétik, jeung pewarna. Bénzéna téh aya dina minyak bumi, tapi pikeun kaperluan industri mah sok disintésis tina sanyawaan séjén nu aya dina minyak bumi.

Sajarah 
Bénzéna kapanggih taun 1825 ku élmuwan Inggris Michael Faraday, nu ngisolasi tina gas minyak sarta dingaranan bicarburet of hydrogen. Taun 1833, kimiawan Jérman Eilhard Mitscherlich mroduksi ieu sanyawa tina distilasi asam bénzoat jeung kapur. Ku Mitscherlich ieu sanyawaan dingaranan benzin. Taun 1845, kimiawan Inggris Charles Mansfield, nu digawé ka August Wilhelm von Hofmann, ngisolasi bénzéna tina coal tar. Opat taun salajengna, Mansfield mitambeyan produksi bénzéna skala industri, dumasar kana métode coal-tar.

Rujukan 
 Benzene, Wikipédia édisi basa Inggris (23 Méi 2006).
 Archibald Scott Couper, On a New Chemical Theory, Philosophical Magazine 16, 104-116 (1858)
 Josef Loschmidt, Chemische Studien I, Carl Gerold's Sohn, Vienna (1861),
 Josef Loschmidt, Chemische Studien I, Aldrich Chemical Co, Milwaukee (1989), catalog no. Z-18576-0, and (1913) catalog no. Z-18577-9
 Kathleen Lonsdale, "The Structure of the Benzene Ring in Hexamethylbenzene," Proceedings of the Royal Society 123A: 494 (1929).
 Kathleen Lonsdale, "An X-Ray Analysis of the Structure of Hexachlorobenzene, Using the Fourier Method," Proceedings of the Royal Society 133A: 536 (1931).

Tumbu kaluar 
 ATSDR - Case Studies in Environmental Medicine: Benzene Toxicity
 Benzene 
 Benzene Material Safety Data Sheet
 International Chemical Safety Card 0015
 National Pollutant Inventory - Benzene
 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
 IARC Monograph: "Benzene" 
 
 
 Computational Chemistry Wiki
 Couper and Carbon bonds
 Dept. of Health and Human Services: TR-289: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzene
 Kekule, Couper and dreams of Benzene
 Loschmidt's Benzene structure 
 Kekulés Traum (impian Kekulé, dina basa Jérman)
 video podcast (Ceramah Sir john Cadogan taun 1991)

Hidrokarbon aromatik