Inverse transform sampling method

The inverse transform sampling method is a method of sampling a number at
random from any probability distribution, given its cumulative distribution function (cdf).

The problem that the inverse transform sampling method solves is as follows:

Anggap X bakal jadi variabel acak nu mana sebaranna bisa dijelaskeun ku cdf d(x).
We want to generate values of x which are distributed according to this distribution.

Many programming languages have the ability to generate pseudo-randomnumbers which are effectively distributed according to the standard sebaran seragam. If a random variable has that distribution, then the probability of its falling within any subinterval (a, b) of the interval from 0 to 1 is just the length b - a of that subinterval.

The inverse transform sampling method works as follows:
Generate a random number from the standard uniform distribution; call this u.
Compute the value for x which has the associated cdf value u; call this xchosen.
Take xchosen to be the random number drawn from the distribution described by d(x).

The following diagram may help the réader to visualise how the method works:

Sampling using the inverse transform method

Tempo ogé 
The rejection sampling method.