Kareseban

Kareseban mangrupa kaayaan fisiologis normal awéwé  dina siklus kareseban nu lumangsung sababaraha poé (ilaharna mah 3-5 poé) nu patali jeung kasuburan/fértilitas réproduktifna, ditandaan ku kaluarna getih (eumenorrhea, 10-18 ml, rata-rata 35 ml  ); para wanoja sabagian bisa ngawaskeun kaluarna jaringan éndométrium pacampur getih nu kaluar nalika kareseban. Getih nu kaluar ieu teu ngagumpal ku sabab éndométrium ngaluarkeun énzim nu disebut plasmin.

ku sabab kaleungitan getih nalika kareseban, wanoja butuh asupan zat beusi dina katuanganana leuwih loba batan lalaki sangkan teu ngalaman defisiénsi beusi. Nalika kareseban, aya ogé nu sok ngalaman keram (katelah dysmenorrhea).

Artikel ieu museur kana siklus kareseban nu lumangsung di manusa.

Sari 
Nu bener-bener ngalaman siklus kareseban mah ukur manusa jeung kera gedé, mamalia plaséntal lianna mah lolobana ukur ngalaman éstrus. Siklus kareseban diatur ku sistim hormon réproduksi nu diperlukeun pikeun baranahan, sacara umum lumangsung bulanan ti saprak pubertas nepi ka ménopause.

Dina awal siklus kareseban, wanoja nu geus sawawa sacara séksual ngaleupaskeun hiji ovum (atawa, kadang-kadang, dua, nu bisa ngahasilkeun kembar dizigotik atawa non-idéntik) nalika ovulasi. Sanggeus ovulasi, lapisan éndométrium rahim robah pikeun nyiapkeun kamungkinan implantasi ovum nu geus dibuahan pikeun ngamimitian kakandungan. Mun euweuh fértilisasi sarta teu reuneuh, rahim ngaleupaskeun lapisan éndométrium pikeun nyiapkeun siklus salajengna. Prosés ngaleupaskeun lapisan éndométrium ieu nu disebut kareseban, kaluarna éndométrium jeung getih ngaliwatan heunceut. Najan sacara umum dianggap getih, kandunganana mah béda ti getih véna.

Kareseban mangrupa tanda yén hiji wanoja teu kakandungan (najan kitu, kadang aya ogé nu ngalamana kaluarna saeutik getih nalika awal kakandungan), ku kituna, telat kareseban dina masa subur mangrupa totondén awal kakandungan. Rata-rata wanoja mimiti ngalaman kareseban dina umur 12 taun, antara 8 jeung 16 taun. Siklus kareseban ieu lumangsung nepi ka mangsa ménopause, kira nalika nincak umur 45-55. Simpangan tina pola ieu perlu dipariksakeun ka dokter; misalna amenorrhea, tayana kareseban dina mangsa nu leuwih lila, tapi teu kakadungan. Gangguan sarupa kieu kadang kaalaman ku wanoja nu kandungan lemak awakna leutik, samodél atlit.

Siklus kareseban normal 
Siklus kareseban téh rupa-rupa panjang waktuna, ogé dina unggal sato. Wanoja mah rata-rata siklus karesebanana salila 28 poé, nu kabagi kana opat fase: kareseban, fase folikulér, ovulasi, jeung fase lutéal.

Fase folikulér

Ovulasi

Fase lutéal

Abnormalitas siklus

Rujukan
Menstrual cycle, Wikipédia édisi basa Inggris (26 Maret 2006)
 K. Stern and M. K. McClintock: "Regulation of ovulation by human pheromones." Nature, 392 (1998), pages 177 – 179.
 Gangestad et al.: "Women's preferences for male behavioral displays change across the menstrual cycle." Psychological Science, March 2004, vol. 15, no. 3, pages 203 - 207

Catetan
 "At what age does a girl get her first period?," from Menstruation and the Menstrual Cycle, National Women's Héalth Information Center (accessed June 11, 2005).
 Ibid., "What is a typical menstrual period like?" (accessed June 11, 2005).
  "Lower olfactory threshold during the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle" by E. Navarrete-Palacios, R. Hudson, G. Reyes-Guerrero and R. Guevara-Guzman in Biol Psychol. (2003) volume 63 page 269-279 PMID 12853171
  M. Ball, "A prospective field trial of the Ovulation Method", Européan Journal of Obstetrical and Gynaecological Reproductive Biology, 6/2, 63-6, 1976. (Summarized at Trials of the Billings Ovulation Method accessed November 3, 2005)
  "Medical Microbiology" 4th ed.  Online textbook Samule Baron, editor. (1996) Published by University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston (TX)

Tumbu kaluar 
Museum of Menstruation and Women's Health
Leslie Botha-Williams, Women's Héalth Educator: A Woman's Guide to Understanding Her Hormone Cycle, http://www.holyhormones.com
An Islamic answer for the ruling of women menstruating 
Menstrual Suppression With Birth Control Pills
On The Rag: Everything you need to know about your fertility cycles and menstruation...period  - Article on the menstrual cycle by notable sex activist and educator Héather Corinna
Menstral - menstrual calendar for your mobile phone 

Produk higienis
Love Your Blood: An info-zine on menstrual products and their alternatives
The rags: paraphernalia of menstruation
Eight Myths About Washable Menstrual Pads Dispelled 
Tampaction  and The Bloodsisters Project- Menstrual activism against chlorine bléaching, excessive packaging, and negative attitudes toward menstruation in the West

Ginékologi