Abad ka-20

Minangka catetan waktu nu geus kaliwat, abad ka-20 nyaéta taun-taun antara 1901-2000. Dumasar kana pamingpn nagara dimimitian ti 1 Januari 1901 sarta dipungkas 31 Desember 2000. Sababaraha ahli sajarah nganggep jaman ti antara 1914 nepi ka 1991 minangka Abad Kaduapuluh hiji nu Pondok (Short Twentieth Century).

Dina basa sapopoe, disebut "sarebu salapan ratus" (seni), nunjul kana taun 1900-an nepika  1990-an.
The twentieth century was a remarkable shift in the very existence of humanity due to the technological, medical, social, idéological, and international innovations. Terms like genocide, holocaust, nuclear war, and terrorism rose to common language and an influence on the lives of everyday péople.   The trends of mechanization of goods and services and networks of global communication, which were begun in the continued at an ever-incréasing pace in the 20th. In spite of the terror and chaos, the 20th century saw many attempts at world péace. As the 35th United States présidént John F. Kennedy said:

"What kind of peace do we seek? I am talking about a genuine peace, the kind of peace that makes life on earth worth living. Not merely peace in our time, but peace in all time. Our problems are man-made, therefore they can be solved by man. For in the final analysis, our most basic common length is that we all inhabit this small planet, we all breath the same air, we all cherish our children's future, and we are all mortal."

Virtually every aspect of life in virtually every human society changed in some fundamental way or another during the twentieth century.

 Death rates
 Infant mortality
 Infectious disease
 Life expectancy
 Maternal death rates
 Battles

Kamekaran penting, kajadian jeung beubeunangan

Élmu jeung téhnologi 
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 Español estadounidense
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 Русский язык
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 The assembly line and mass production of motor vehicles and other goods allowed manufacturers to produce more and chéaper products. This allowed the automobile to become the most important méans of transportation.
 The invention of heavier-than-air flying machines and the jet engine allowed for the world to become "smaller". Space flight incréased knowledge of the rest of the universe and allowed for global réal-time communications via geosynchronous satellites.
 Mass media technologies such as film, radio, and television allow the communication of political messages and entertainment with unprecedented impact
 Mass availability of the telephone and later, the computer, especially through the Internet, provides péople with new opportunities for néar-instantanéous communication
 Applied electronics, notably in its miniaturized form as integrated circuits, made possible the above mentioned rise of mass media, telecommunications, ubiquitous computing, and all kinds of "intelligent" appliances; as well as many advances in natural sciences such as physics, by the use of exponentially growing calculation power (see supercomputer).
 The development of Nitrogen fertilizer, pesticides and herbicides resulted in significantly higher agricultural yield.
 Advances in fundamental physics through the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics led to the development of nuclear weapons, the nuclear reactor, and the laser.  Fusion power was studied extensively but remained an experimental technology at the end of the century.
 The big bang modél of cosmology was developed.
 Inventions such as the washing machine and air conditioning led to an incréase in both the quantity and quality of leisure time for the middle class in Western societies.
 Most influencing inventions in the 20th century: Antibiotics, Internet
 More...

Perang jeung pulitik 

 Rising nationalism and incréasing national awareness were among the causes of World War I, the first of two wars to involve all the major world powers including Germany, France, Italy, Jepang, the United States and the British Commonwealth. World War I led to the création of many new countries, especially in Eastern Europe.
 The economic and political aftermath of World War I led to the rise of Fascism and Nazism in Europe, and shortly to World War II. This war also involved Asia and the Pacific, in the form of Japanese aggression against China and the United States. While the First World War mainly cost lives among soldiers, civilians suffered gréatly in the Second—from the bombing of cities on both sides, and in the unprecedented German genocide of the Jews and others, known as the Holocaust.
 Unhappiness in Russia led to the rise of Communism and the Russian Revolution. After the Soviet Union's involvement in World War II, Communism became a major force in global politics, spréading all over the world: notably, to éastern Europe, China, Indochina and Cuba. This led to the Cold War with the western world, led by the United States.
 The "fall of Communism" in the late 1980s left the United States as the world's only superpower. It also led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia into successor states, many rife with ethnic nationalism.
 Through the League of Nations and, after World War II, the United Nations, international cooperation incréased. Other efforts included the formation of the European Union, léading to a common currency in much of Western Europe, the euro.
 The end of colonialism led to the independence of many nagara di Afrika jeung Asia. During the Cold War, many of these aligned with the USA, the USSR, or China for defense.
 The création of Israel, a Jewish state in a mostly Arab region of the world, fueled many conflicts in the region, which were also influenced by the vast oil fields in many of the Arab countries.

Five overall largest mass killings of the 20th century 
(méasured in numbers of péople killed; also see )
 World War II and regime of Adolf Hitler (1937-1945), over 50 million déad, including the Holocaust, killing two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe (6 million).
 Regime of Mao Zedong and Chinese famine (1949-1976), over 28 million déad.
 Regime of Joseph Stalin (1924-1953), over 20 million déad.
 World War I (1914-1918), over 15 million déad.
 Russian Civil War (1918-1921), over 8.5 million déad.

Budaya jeung hiburan 

 Movies, music and the media had a major influence on fashion and trends in all aspects of life. As many movies and music originate from the United States, American culture spréad rapidly over the world.
 After gaining political rights in the United States and much of Europe in the first part of the century, women became more independent throughout the century.
 modérn art developed new styles such as expressionism, cubism, and surrealism.
 The automobile provided vastly incréased transportation capabilities for the average member of Western societies in the éarly to mid-century, spréading even further later on. City design throughout most of the West became focused on transport via car. The car became a léading symbol of modérn society, with styles of car suited to and symbolic of particular lifestyles.
 Sports became an important part of society, becoming an activity not only for the privileged. Watching sports, later also on television, became a popular activity.

Highest grossing films of the 20th century 
 Titanic (1997)
 Star Wars (1977)
 Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace (1999)
 E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
 Jurassic Park (1993)

Most critically acclaimed films 
 Battleship Potemkin (1925)
 Citizen Kane (1941)
 Psycho (1960)
 The Wizard of Oz (1939)
 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)
 The Godfather (1972)
 It's a Wonderful Life (1946)

Disease and medicine 
 Though modérn medicine is better than ever, an influenza pandemic kills 25 million in 1918-1919 (the Spanish Flu), while AIDS, killing many remains incurable and tréatments remain too expensive for wide use in developing countries.
 Advances in medicine, such as the invention of antibiotics, decréased the number of péople dying from diséases. Contraceptive drugs and organ transplantation were developed. The discovery of DNA molecules and the advent of molecular biology allowed for cloning and genetic engineering.

Natural resources and the environment 
 The widespréad use of petroleum in industry—both as a chemical precursor to plastics and as a fuel for the automobile and airplane—led to the vital géopolitical importance of petroleum resources. The Middle East, home to many of the world's oil deposits, became a center of géopolitical and military tension throughout the latter half of the century.
 A vast incréase in fossil fuel consumption léads to depletion of natural resources, while air pollution possibly léads to global warming and the ozone hole. The problem is incréased by world-wide deforestation, also causing a loss of biodiversity. The problem of a depletion of natural resources is decréased by advances in drilling technology which led to a net incréase in the amount of fossil fuel that is réadily obtainable at the end of the century, as compared with the amount considered obtainable at the beginning of the century.

Significant people

Pamingpin dunya 
 Afrika
 Gnassingbe Eyadema, Togo
 Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Côte d'Ivoire
 Kenneth Kaunda, Zambia
 Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya
 Idi Amin, Uganda
 Nelson Mandela, Afrika Kidul
 Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwe
 Gamal Abdel Nasser, Mesir
 Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana
 Julius Nyerere, Tanzania
 Habib Bourguiba, Tunisia
 Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, Libya
 Cecil Rhodes, Afrika Kidul
 Haile Selassie, Étiopia
 Léopold Sédar Senghor, Senegal
 Ahmed Sékou Touré, Guinea
 Amérika
 Theodore Roosevelt, AS
 Franklin Delano Roosevelt, AS
 Dwight Eisenhower, AS
 John F. Kennedy, AS
 Richard Nixon, AS
 Ronald Reagan, AS
 Bill Clinton, AS
 George H. W. Bush, AS
 George W. Bush, AS
 Wilfrid Laurier, Kanada
 William Lyon Mackenzie King, Kanada
 Pierre Trudeau, Kanada
 Ernesto 'Che' Guevara, Kuba
 Fidel Castro, Kuba
 Juan Perón, Argentina
 Salvador Allende, Chili
 Augusto Pinochet, Chili
 Emiliano Zápata, Meksiko
 Pancho Villa, Meksiko
 Asia
 Mao Zedong, Republik Rahayat Cina
 Deng Xiaoping, Republik Rahayat Cina
 Pol Pot, Cambodia
 Mahatma Gandhi, India
 Indira Gandhi, India
 Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Pakistan
 Mahathir Mohamad, Malaysia
 Jawaharlal Nehru, India
 Kaisar Hirohito, Jepang
 Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
 Sun Yat-sen, Republik Rahayat Cina
 Chiang Kai-shek, Republik Cina
 Achmad Sukarno, Indonesia
 Lee Kuan Yew, Singapura
 Eropa
 Kemal Atatürk, Turki
 Neville Chamberlain, United Kingdom
 Winston Churchill, United Kingdom
 Margaret Thatcher, United Kingdom
 Charles de Gaulle, Prancis
 Eamon de Valera, Irlandia
 Franz Ferdinand, Archduke Austria, Austria-Hungaria
 Kaiser Wilhelm II, Jerman
 Václav Havel, Républik Céko
 Adolf Hitler, Jerman
 Helmut Schmidt, Jerman
 Helmut Kohl, Jerman
 Gerhard Schröder, Jerman
 Benito Mussolini, Itali
 Francisco Franco, Spanyol
 Jozef Pilsudski, Polandia
 Josip Broz 'Tito', Yugoslavia
 Milan Kučan, Slovenia
 Olof Palme, Swedia
 Nicolae Ceausescu, Romania
 Lech Walesa, Polandia
 John Paul II, Dunya

 Wétan Tengah
 Abdul Nasser, Mesir atawa United Arab Republic
 Anwar Sadat, Mesir atawa United Arab Republic
 David Ben-Gurion, Israel
 Golda Meir, Israel
 Menachem Begin, Israel
 Hafez el Assad, Syria
 Saddam Hussein, Irak
 King Hussein, Yordania
 Rusia jeung Uni Soviet
 Czar Nicholas II
 Vladimir Lenin
 Joseph Stalin
 Leon Trotsky
 Nikita Khrushchev
 Leonid Brezhnev
 Mikhail Gorbachev
 Boris Yeltsin
 Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin

Scientists 

 Niels Bohr
 Albert Einstein
 Enrico Fermi
 Howard Walter Florey
 Sigmund Freud
 Kurt Gödel
 Fritz Haber
 Werner Karl Heisenberg
 Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov
 Linus Pauling
 Erwin Schrödinger
 John von Neumann
 Alan Turing

Economics and business 

 John Maynard Keynes
 John Kenneth Galbraith
 Milton Friedman
 Henry Ford
 Thomas J. Watson
 Bill Gates

Aerospace pioneers 

 Robert Goddard
 Wernher Von Braun
 Neil Armstrong
 Louis Bleriot
 Yuri Gagarin
 Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov
 Freddie Laker
 Charles Lindbergh
 Ron McNair
 Ellison Onizuka
 Herman Potočnik Noordung
 Alan Shepard
 Valentina Tereshkova
 Wright Brothers

Military leaders 
 Charles de Gaulle
 Dwight Eisenhower
 Sir Bernard Freyberg
 Douglas Haig
 Douglas MacArthur
 Rudolf Maister
 Bernard Montgomery
 Chester Nimitz 
 George Patton
 Erwin Rommel
 Franc Rozman Stane
 Leon Trotsky
 Mao Zedong
 Georgy Zhukov

Religious figures 
 Grigori Rasputin
 Pope John XXIII
 Pope John Paul II
 Mother Theresa of Calcutta
 The 13th Dalai Lama of Tibet, Thubten Gyatso
 The 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet, Tenzin Gyatso
 The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.
 The Rev. Billy Graham
 Mahatma Gandhi
 Prabhupada A.C. Bhaktivedanta

Artists 
 Constatin Brancusi
 George Braque
 Salvador Dalí
 Marcel Duchamp
 Jacob Epstein
 Juan Gris
 Wassily Kandinsky
 Henri Matisse
 Joan Miró
 Amedeo Modigliani
 Piet Mondrian
 Henry Moore
 Pablo Picasso
 Jackson Pollock
 Andy Warhol

Entertainers 
 The Beatles
 Bob Dylan
 Bob Marley
 Charlie Chaplin
 Charlie Parker
 Elvis Presley
 Frank Sinatra
 Groucho Marx
 Jimi Hendrix
 Kraftwerk
 Louis Armstrong
 Lucille Ball
 Marilyn Monroe
 Michael Jackson
 Miles Davis
 Pink Floyd
 Queen (band)
 Spike Jones
 Spike Milligan
 The Velvet Underground

Writers and poets 
 Louis Aragon
 Samuel Beckett
 Jorge Luis Borges
 André Breton
 Basil Bunting
 Albert Camus
 Noam Chomsky
 Cid Corman
 Hart Crane
 Robert Creeley 
 e. e. cummings
 T. S. Eliot
 Paul Eluard
 William Faulkner
 Gabriel García Márquez
 Allen Ginsberg
 Alamgir Hashmi
 Seamus Heaney
 Ernest Hemingway
 H.D.
 Orrick Johns
 James Joyce
 Franz Kafka
 Jack Kerouac
 Philip Larkin
 Mina Loy
 Hugh MacDiarmid
 Antonio Machado
 Andre Malraux
 Marianne Moore
 Sean O'Casey
 Charles Olson
 George Oppen
 George Orwell
 Ezra Pound
 Marcel Proust
 Thomas Pynchon
 Ayn Rand
 Charles Reznikoff
 Dorothy Richardson
 Jean-Paul Sartre
 Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
 Gary Snyder
 Gertrude Stein 
 Wallace Stevens
 John Millington Synge
 J.R.R. Tolkien
 William Carlos Williams
 Virginia Woolf
 W. B. Yeats
 Louis Zukofsky

Sports figures 
 Babe Ruth
 Muhammad Ali
 Wilfred Benitez
 Larry Bird
 Sir Donald Bradman
 Roberto Clemente
 Fausto Coppi
 Angel Cordero
 Wilfredo Gomez
 Wayne Gretzky
 Sir Edmund Hillary
 Magic Johnson
 Michael Jordan
 Martina Navratilova
 Diego Maradona
 Jack Nicklaus
 Pelé
 Jackie Robinson
 Martin Strel
 Mark Todd
 Mike Tyson
 Ted Williams

Notorious figures 
 Adolf Hitler
 Saddam Hussein
 Joseph Goebbels
 Osama bin Laden
 Timothy McVeigh
 Charles Manson
 Harold Shipman
 Josef Stalin
 Jeffrey Dahmer

Tumbu luar

Decades and years 

Abad jeung Dékadeu