Leonhard Euler

Léonhard Euler (dibaca [ˈɔʏlɐ]) (Basel, Swiss, 15 April 1707 – 18 September, 1783 di St Petersburg, Rusia) nyaéta salah saurang ahli matématika jeung fisika Swiss. Euler dianggap salah saurang ahli matématika brilian dina abad ka 18 sarta panggedéna salila ieu; kaasup nu pangproduktifna tur ngumpulkeun hasil karyana dina leuwih ti 70 jilid.

Euler ngawangun sababaraha konsép penting jeung ngabuktikeun sababaraha teori ahir dina mathematics, ti kalkulus kana teori wilangan kana topologi. Dina hal ieu, ngawanohkeun watesan matématika modérn, ngartikeun konsép fungsi, tur notasina saperti sin, cos, jeung tan keur fungsi trigonometri.

Riwayat hirup 
Kolotna Euler nyaéta Paul Euler jeung Marguerite Brucker. Paul Euler nyaéta saurang pastor Kristen Protéstan tur hayang anakna jiga manéhna. Sanajan Euler dilahirkeun di Basel, Swiss, tapi salila budak leuwih lila hirup di Riehen, tatangga kota tempat bapana jadi menteri Luther. Euler hirup kumbuh tur mikaresep kana matématika tur dididik ku kulawarga Johann Bernoulli.

Nurut kana paménta ramana, anjeunna diajar téologi, Basa Ibrani, jeung Basa Yunani di Universitas Basel, sanajan teu manggihan hal saperti nu dipikaresep dina matematika. Euler geus jadi saurang pastur sawaktu Bernoulli ngalarang. Bernoulli ngayakinkeun ramana yén Euler bakal jadi ahli matématika kawentar. Euler tamat ti Universitas Basel dina taun 1726. Di dieu anjeunna diajar tur babarengan nyieun karya babarengan jeung ahli matématika kawentar, kaasup Pierre Varignon, René Descartes, Isaac Newton, Galileo, Frans van Schooten, Hermann von Reichenau, Brook Taylor, John Wallis, Jacob Bernoulli sarta tangtu kaasup ogé Johann Bernoulli.

Karya 
Karya-karyana nu diterbitkeun nyaéta:
 Dissertatio physica de sono (Dissertation on the physics of sound) (Basel, 1727, in quarto)
 Mechanica, sive motus scientia analytice; expasita (St Petersburg, 1736, in 2 vols. quarto)
 Ennleitung in die Arithmetik (ibid., 1738, in 2 vols. octavo), in German and Russian
 Tentamen novae théoriae musicae (ibid. 1739, in quarto)
 Methodus inveniendi linéas curvas, maximi minimive proprietate gaudentes (Lausanne, 1744, in quarto)
 Théoria motuum planetarum et cometarum (Berlin, 1744, in quarto)
 Béantwortung, &c., or Answers to Different Questions respecting Comets (ibid., 1744, in octavo)
 Neue Grundsatze, c., or New Principles of Artillery, translated from the English of Benjamin Robins, with notes and illustrations (ibid., 1745, in octavo)
 Opuscula varii argumenti (ibid., 1746-1751, in 3 vols. quarto)
 Novae et carrectae tabulae ad loco lunae computanda (ibid., 1746, in quarto)
 Tabulae astronomicae solis et lunae (ibid., quarto)
 Gedanken, &c., or Thoughts on the Elements of Bodies (ibid. quarto)
 Rettung der gall-lichen Offenbarung, &c., Defence of Divine Revelation against Free-thinkers (ibid., 1747, in 4t0)
 Introductio in analysin infinitorum (Introduction to the analysis of the infinites)(Lausanne, 1748, in 2 vols. 4t0)
 Scientia navalis, seu tractatus de construendis ac dirigendis navibus (St Petersburg, 1749, in 2 vols. quarto)
 Théoria motus lunae (Berlin, 1753, in quarto)
 Dissertatio de principio mininiae actionis, ' una cum examine objectionum cl. prof. Koenigii (ibid., 1753, in octavo)
 Institutiones calculi differentialis, cum ejus usu in analysi Intuitorum ac doctrina serierum (ibid., 1755, in 410)
 Constructio lentium objectivarum, &c. (St Petersburg, 1762, in quarto)
 Théoria motus corporum solidoruni seu rigidorum (Rostock, 1765, in quarto)
 Institutiones,calculi integralis (St Petersburg, 1768-1770, in 3 vols. quarto)
 Lettres a une Princesse d'Allernagne sur quelques sujets de physique et de philosophie (St Petersburg, 1768-1772, in 3 vols. octavo)
 Anleitung zur Algebra, or Elements of Algebra  (ibid., 1770, in octavo); Dioptrica (ibid., 1767-1771, in 3 vols. quarto)
 Théoria motuum lunge nova methodo pertr.arctata (ibid., 1772, in quarto)
 Novae tabulae lunares (ibid., in octavo); La théorie complete de la construction et de la manteuvre des vaisséaux (ibid., .1773, in octavo)
 Eclaircissements svr etablissements en favour taut des veuves que des marts, without a date
 Opuscula analytica (St Petersburg, 1783-1785, in 2 vols. quarto). See Rudio, Léonhard Euler (Basel, 1884).

Bacaan salajengna 
 Euler Léonhardt : "Lettres à une Princesse d'Allemagne"; free book at http://www.bookmine.org  ;
 Euler, Léonhard (1748). Introductio in analysin infinitorum. English translation Introduction to Analysis of the Infinite by John Blanton (Book I, ISBN 0-387-96824-5, Springer-Verlag 1988; Book II, ISBN 0-387-97132-7, Springer-Verlag 1989).
 Dunham, William (1999). Euler: The Master of Us All, Washington: Mathematical Association of America. ISBN 0-88385-328-0.
 Heimpell, Hermann, Théodor Heuss, Benno Reifenberg (editors). 1956. Die großen Deutschen, volume 2, Berlin: Ullstein Verlag.
 Krus, D.J. (2001) Is normal distribution due to Karl Gauss? Euler, his family of gamma functions, and place in history of statistics. Quality and Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, 35, 445-446.(Request reprint).
 Simmons, J. (1996). The giant book of scientists: The 100 greatest minds of all time, Sydney: The Book Company.
 Singh, Simon. (2000). Fermats letzter Satz, Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag.
 Lexikon der Naturwissenschaftler, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg, 2000.

Tempo ogé 
 List of topics named after Leonhard Euler
 Konstanta matematis
 Nomer komplék
 Karakteristik Euler
 Euler's conjecture
 Euler's disk
 Téoréma rotasi Euler (Euler's rotation theorem)
 Euler's three-body problem
 Thirty-six officers problem
 Euler number
 Euler's totient function
 Child prodigy
 Eulerian path
 Diagram Euler
 Euler-Lagrange equation
 Euler product
 Juru Euler (Euler angles)

Tumbu luar 

 
 Euler Archive
 Biography of Leonhard Euler
 
 

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