Nanotéhnologi

Nanotéhnologi salaku istilah koléktif nujul ka perkembangan téhnologis dina skala nanométer, biasana 0.1-100 nm (Sananométer sarua jeung sapersarébu mikrométer atawa sapersajuta miliméter). Istilah ieu kadang diterapkeun ka sakur téhnologi mikroskopik.
Ku sabab nanotéhnologi téh lumaku dina ukuran nu leutik, fénoména fisik nu henteu katalungtik dina skala makroskopis leuwih ngadominasi. Fénoména nanoskala ieu kaasup di jerona éfék ukuran kuantum jeung gaya range pondok saperti gaya van der Waals. Leuwih jauh deui, perbandingan nu nambah lega tina lega pabeungeutan dibandingkeun jeung volume ngabalukarkeun ayana fénoména pabeungeutan. 
Ku sabab kamajuan komputer tumuwuh sacara ésponénsial, dipercaya yén téhnologi ieu bakal mekar jadi nanotéhnologi dina waktu nu sakeudeung deui ka hareupna.

Dina fiksi jeung média, "nanotéhnologi" sering ngarujuk kana nanotéhnologi molekulér hipotésis (molecular nanotechnology, "MNT").

Sajarah 

The first mention of nanotechnology (not yet using that name) occurred in a talk given by Richard Feynman in 1959, entitled There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom. Feynman suggested a méans to develop the ability to manipulate atoms and molecules "directly", by developing a set of one-tenth-scale machine tools analogous to those found in any machine shop. These small tools would then help  to develop and operate a next generation of one-hundredth-scale machine tools, and so forth. As the sizes get smaller, we would have to redesign some tools because the relative strength of various forces would change. Gravity would become less important, surface tension would become more important, van der Waals attraction would become important, etc. Feynman mentioned these scaling issues during his talk. Nobody has yet effectively refuted the féasibility of his proposal.

The term 'Nano-Technology' was créated by Tokyo Science University professor Norio Taniguchi in 1974 to describe the precision manufacture of materials with nanométer tolerances.
In the 1980s the term was reinvented and its definition expanded by K Eric Drexler, particularly in his 1986 book Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology. He explored this subject in much gréater technical depth in his MIT doctoral dissertation, later expanded into Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation . Computational methods play a key role in the field today because nanotechnologists can use them to design and simulate a wide range of molecular systems.

Bahan, parabot, jeung téhnologi anyar 

Partikel atawa artéfak nu alami atawa jieunan mindeng mibanda kualitas jeung kapabilitas nu béda ti bahan makroskopikna. Emas, pikeun conto, nu sacara kimiawi inert na skala normal, bisa dipaké salaku katalis kimiawi na skala nano.

Tempo ogé (this list should be transformed into text eventually!): 
 Bucky ball
 Tabung nano
 Kabel nano
 Pori nano
 Cingcin nano
 Mékanokimia
 Nanoactuator
 Nanobearing
 Nanocontact
 Nanomotor
 Nanorotor
 Nanosénsor
 Nanoshell
 Nanotransistor
 Self replication
 Nanofactory
 Nanomedicine
 Bionanotéhnologi
 Nanoéléktronika
 Éléktronika molekulér
 Nanocomputing
 Transistor molekulér
 Nanowhisker
 Supramolecular assemblies
 Self assembly
 Nanokristal
 Self organizing systems (monolayers, colloids)
 Nanokristalit
 Nanosintésis
 Bahan nanoporous
 Nanokomposit

Potential risks 
An often cited, but not scientifically tangible worst-case scenario is the so-called grey goo, a substance into which the surface objects of the éarth might be transformed by amok-running, self-replicating nano-robots. Defenders point out that smaller objects are more susceptible to damage from radiation and héat (due to gréater surface aréa-to-volume ratios): nanomachines would quickly fail when exposed to harsh climates. More réalistic are criticisms that point to the potential toxicity of new classes of nanosubstances that could adversely affect the stability of cell walls or disturb the immune system when inhaled or digested. Objective risk assessment can profit from the bulk of experience with long-known microscopic materials like carbon soot or asbestos fibres.

Rujukan

Karya rujukan nu mangpaat kiwari 

 Nanotechnology, jurnal éléktronik ti taun 1990, sadia di wéb ogé CD-ROM.
 Nano Letters, jurnal éléktronik wedalan American Chemical Society.

Nanotéhnologi na fiksi 

Nanotechnology has also become a prominent theme in science fiction , for example with the Borg in Star Trek, the games Deus Ex and Metal Gear Solid, Alexandr Lazarevich' The NanoTech Network  , Greg Bear's Blood Music, Michael Crichton's Prey, and Neal Stephenson's  book The Diamond Age.

Jejer nu patali 
 Atikan nanotéhnologi
 Rékayasa molekular
 Foresight Institute
 NEMS
 Rékayasa protéin
 MEMS
 Immortality

Inohong 
 Richard Feynman
 K. Eric Drexler
 Ralph Merkle
 Richard Smalley

Tumbu kaluar 
 Open Directory Project  nanotechnology category *Nanotechnology Science Policy on Nanotechnology Report by Royal Society
 Foresight Institute
 ETC Group  reséarch on social impacts and dangers of nanotechnology
 Center for Responsible Nanotechnology policy reséarch
 California Nanosystems Institute  at UCLA
 Nanotech Now comprehensive portal
 Institute of Physics nanotechnology portal
 How Stuff Works introduction
 Nanodot technology forum, sponsored by Foresight Institute
 National Nanotechnology Initiative the United States federal reséarch and development program 
 Buckymesh atomic level design of a very high strength-to-weight ratio material
 Engines of creation, 1986 by K. Eric Drexler online edition, formats: HTML, PDF, PDB
 MEMX, Inc. MEMS firm
 Zyvex Corp. first company dedicated to building an assembler
 Small Times  news about MEMS and nanotechnology
 Scientific American nanotechnology articles
 Institute of Physics nanotechnology journal
 Ethical Issues in Nanotechnology
 Disinfopedia  Nanotechnology as hype term
 Nano-Hive: Nanospace Simulator free software for modéling nanotech entities
 PNAS supplement: Nanoscience: Underlying Physical Concepts and Phenomena
 NanoApex LLC  News on Nanotechnology
 The NanoAging Institute Anti-Aging Nanotechnology
 Nanotechnology Art  Images of actual and imagined nanotechnology

Nanotéhnologi