Bunduk Pinatúbû

Ing Bunduk Pinatúbû metung yang makagising a stratobulkan atiu king pulu ning Luzon ning Filipinas, king atlung suluk ding lalawigan ning Zambales, Tarlac, at Pampanga. Ing Katutubung Pinatúbû metung yang stratobulkan a gawa keng andesite at dacite. Bayu 1991, ing bunduk makapampan ya at e ulata bilang bunduk at dakal ing melagas nang dake. Mitatakpan yang keng makapal a gubat nung nu ring dakal a populasyun ding katutubung tau a ausan dang Aeta karin la mangabiayan. Ding Aeta areni likuan da ing patag inyang deng Kastila sinakup de ing Filipinas inyang 1565.

Ing akbung ning bulkan inyang Juniu 1991 kaibat ning 635 a banuang pamanudtud, iti migpamakbung ya king asna king kasikan at makatakut a akbung a pangyatu king pang20ng dilanwa. Ding matagumpeng ula ra tungkul keng climatic a akbung ding tia-pulung libung tau a pakalele a karinan, miligtas la kareng makasirang agus ning pyroclastic, ash depositu, at katataulian, ing lahar pauli ning uran a tutuki ning agus kambe ning luma pang lahar, nung nu dakal a bale tinuki king agus na niti at mengatambunan.

Ing uyab ning pangayakbung meramdam mabilug a yatu. Migpabusuk yang dakal a aerosols karin king  stratosphere at iti ing pekamaragul manibat pa kanita inyang ing Krakatoa inyang 1883. King mapilan pang bulan, ding aerosol miglupa lang global layer ning sulfuric acid haze. Ing pali ning mabilug a yatu migbabang mga 0.5 °C (0.9 °F), at ing pangsira ning ozone lakuas merakal.

Matasalawe king karinan ning Bunduk Pinatúbû

Ing Pinatúbû metung yang dake ning malakadenang bulkan nung nu atiu king albugan dake ning Luzon. Ing aus da kareni subduction volcanoes la, a mibuu kapamilatan ning Eurasian Plate a lulub lalam ning  Philippine Plate king dane ning Manila Trench king albugan. Ing katayang Tagálug 'pinatubo' ing kabaldugan na 'tubu o dagul' keng Kapampangan,  Tagalog at Sambal a amanu, nung nu balu da na mikaakbung na kanita pa mga AD 1500, agiang alang amanang salitang ibat kareng nunu karing mengalabasan a akbung. Ing katayang Pinatubo mapalyaring ing kabaldugan na ing karinan mataba ya gabun at ing nung nu reng tanaman matalik lang dagul.

Bayu ing mapanyirang akbung ning 1991, ing Pinatúbû ere balung bulkan ya, ere balu reng keraklan a pakatuknang
karin palelele. Ing kayang tuktuk 745 m (5,725 ft) babo ning katas ning dayat malat, dapot mga 600 m ya babo kareng makalapit a kapatagan at mga 200 m ya katas kareng makaleleng kabundukan, nung nu keraklan papanpanan ne ing kayang panlalawe. Deng katutubung tau, deng Aeta (misan a kulitan Ayta), tinuknang la keng baidbid ning bulkan at ing kayang pakaleleng lugal king dakal nang milabas a dilanwa, nung nu likuan da ing kapatagan para tumakas la kareng kaigpitan da reng Kastila. Deni sane lang mabibie keng kagubatan.  Dening tau a reni tatanam lang wheat, barley at abias.

Ing eganagana, mga 30,000  a tau reng pakatuknang keng pasandig ning bulkan kareng barangay at mgalating tuknangan. Ing makapal a gubat a tatakap keng bunduk at kareng makapadurut a tutuk ila ing magkabie kareng mangubat at mangasung Aeta, kabang kareng makaleleng patag a karinan naman, ing dakal a uran (alus 4 m pabanua) pauli ning monsoon a klima at mangatabang gabun ning bulkan ila ing babie pamaglaulta at deng dakal a tau tatanaman lang pale at aliwang apapangan a tanaman. Mga 500,000  a katau pakatuknang la pa rin keng mga 40 km ning bunduk, a miki populasyun a  150,000 king Angeles Lakanbalen, at 20,000 king Clark Air Base.

Deng dakal a maulagang ilug ding karelang panibatan ibat la king Pinatúbû, antimo reng Bucao, Santo Tomas, Maloma, Tanguay at Kileng ilug. Bayu mememakbung dening ilug maulaga la keng ecosystems, dapot ing akbung sepakan no reng saug a mangalalam a pangatambun a pyroclastic. Since Manibat 1991, deng ilug mengabara la kareng (mengatagan abalsa) sediment, at ding kayang saug maralas mikakalahar. Agpang keng pamaningaral da dening ilug a reni maluat bayu la makabawi king 1991 a akbung.



1991 Pamangising

Pamaglisan

Dalerayan
 Decker, R. and Decker, B. (1997) Volcanoes, 3rd edition, WH Freeman, New York.
 Hiromu Shimizu (2002), Struggling for Existence after the Pinatubo Eruption 1991: Catastrophe, Suffering and Rebirth of Ayta Communities . Paper presented inter-congress of the International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.

 Newhall, C. and Punongbayan, R., eds. (1997) Fire and Mud: Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. ISBN 0-295-97585-7.
 Scaillet, B. and Evans, B. W. (1999) The 15 June 1991 Eruption of Mount Pinatubo. I. Phase Equilibria and Pre-eruption P–T–fO2–fH2O Conditions of the Dacite Magma. Journal of Petrology, v. 40, 381–411.
 Stimac J.A., Goff F., Counce D., Larocque A.C.L., Hilton D.R. (2003), The crater lake and hydrothermal system of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines: evolution in the decade after eruption, Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 66, p. 149–167
 Wiesner, M.G., Wetzel, A. Catane, S.G., Listanco, E.L. and Mirabueno, H.T. (2004) Grain size, areal thickness distribution and controls on sedimentation of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo tephra layer in the South China Sea. Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 66, 226–242.
 Dhot, S. Mt Pinatubo Safety.

Ding suglung palual

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
Mt. Pinatubo 
Weather effects of the 1991 eruption
CVO Pinatubo photo archive
News article about the draining of the crater lake

Kasapning Larawan

Pinatubo, Mount
Pinatubo, Mount
Pinatubo, Mount
Pinatubo, Bulkang
Pinatubo, Bulkang
Pinatubo,Bulkang
Pinatubo, Bulkang
Pinatubo, Mount
Pinatubo, Mount
Pinatubo, Mount