Pamamau

Ing Pamamau o olfaction ing pamanamdam ning bau 
(sense). Kapamilata'na niti, ababau ta la reng chemical a atyu king angin (o, 
kareng animal a mangisnawa king danum, king danum). Kareng 
vertebrate, panamdaman la reng bau kapamilata'ning 
olfactory epithelium a atyu king arung at panigobran 
(processed) no ning olfactory system.

Nung makananu tamung makabau 
Atuklasan da ri Linda B. Buck ampo i Richard Axel a atin lang manga 
metung a libung (100) gene para kareng odor 
receptor deng mammal. Metung mung dake kareng gene a reti ing mag-code para 
kareng odor receptor. Atin lang atlung dalan apat a pulu't pitung (347) odor 
receptor gene a gagana deng tau; detang aliwa, atin lang "nonsens" 
mutation. Mekwa ya ing bilang a iti kapamilata'ning 
pamanigaral king genome ketang :en:Human Genome Project; malyari yang 
manaliwa ing bilang dependi king lahi ning tau, at aliwa ya king balang tau. 
Alimbawa, e eganaganang tau makabau king amyl acetate, (a 
babaung sagin).

Metung ya mung gaganang odor receptor ing magsilbi king balang odor receptor. 
Agpang king shape theory, ababalu (detects) ne ning 
receptor ing metung a kauryan (feature) ning molecule ning bau. 
Deng celula nerviosa a tatanggap king bau (odor receptor nerve cells) gagana 
lang antimong susi ampong tarangka (key and lock system). Nung mipagyu ya ing 
odor molecule king tarangka, “mamaril” ya o magparlang “pasabi” ing celula 
nerviosa. Ating aliwang teorya, ing vibration theory 
a pepamunikala nang Turin (1996, 2000). Agpang kaniti, ababalu do reng odor 
receptor deng frequency da reng kalugkug (vibrations) da reng molecule ning bau 
king lapad a sasakupan ning infrared kapamilata’ning [[:en:quantum 
tunneling|electron tunnelling]]. Abalu rang maki kakulangan la reng manimunang 
ula (predictions) ning teoryang iti (Keller and Vosshall, 2004), dapot e la 
mamayun kaniti deng aliwang pamanigaral. 

Mitipun-tipun la king olfactory bulb deng fibra nerviosa 
o axon ibat kareng libu-libung celula a magsilbi (expressing) king pare-pareung 
odor receptor. Paparla da reng mitral cell king olfactory 
bulb ing impormasyon o pasabi tungkul kareng myayaliwang kauryan (features) 
kareng aliwang dake ing sistema ning pamamau king utak, 
at piaben-abayan no reti ba yang milarawan itang bau. Uling atin lang dakal a 
kauryan deng keraklan kareng molecule ning bau, nung piaben-abayn la reti, 
malapad ing saklo da reng baung agyu nang abalu niti. 

Malagwang misimpan o misalikut king long term memory 
ing impormasyon tungkul king bau, at masikan ing kaugnaya’na niti king 
emotional memory. Mapalyaring ing sangkan na niti 
itang masikan nang pamilupa ning sistema ning pamamau ketang [[:en:limbic 
system|limbic system]] ampo king hippocampus, detang dake 
ning utak a malwat da nang balung maki kaugnayan king pamanandanan (memory) king 
kapanandaman (emotion) ampo king lugal o karinan (place). 

Ba rang abalung maki pheromone, dakal karing vertebrate ing maki auxiliary 
olfactory sense organ (organ a sasaup king pamamau) a awsan dang 
vomeronasal organ, a atyu king pilatan ning arung ampo 
ning asbuk. Gagamitan de reng ubingan ba rong abau deng karelang darakpan 
(prey); ilwal de ing karelang dila at itagkil de ketang organ a iti. Deng aliwa 
naman, ikorti de ing lupa da ketang awsan dang flehmen bang 
papuntang ing angin king organ a iti. Kareng tau, subliminal o makasalikut (e 
ra deretsang panamdaman) ing pamanuklas (detecting) kareng pheromone. Malyaring 
mibabaligtad a pamibageng sexual at immunological (opposite immunological sexual 
compatibility) ing papalwal dang mensahing subliminal deti kapamilata’ning bau. 
Malyaring maki bentahi ya king evolution ing pamanintun kapareha o ayasawang 
maki aliwang kauryan karas king immunology uling mas agyu rang kumabye deng ának 
a mibait kareng pengaring e pareu immunology. Atin ping sinabing kareng tau, 
ini ing paralan a gagamitan da reng bábai (king e ra sasaryan) ba rang pilinan 
nung ninu ing karelang aburi. 

Asneng kaulaga king panlasa ing bau. Apat la mu reng bageng agyu nang alasa 
ning dila ning tau (agpang kareng aliwang pamagaral, lima la kanu, anam o pitu, 
oneng ditak la pa murin), kabang ing arung, pilan lang libu reng agyu na. Ini 
ing sangkan nung bakit bagya ka mu makalasa nung makabara ka arung.

Ing pamamau ampo reng animal 
Myayaliwa ing ulaga at sikan ning pamamau kareng myayaliwang mabibye. Alimbawa, 
masikan ing pamamau da reng :en:mammal, kabang keraklan e la anti kanyan 
deng ayup. Mibubukud la kareng ayup deng :en:tubenose, uling maulaga 
karela iti. Kareng mammal, maulaga ing pamamau kareng :en:carnivore ampong 
:en:ungulate, uling kaylangan dong akilala deng metung at metung, ampo 
alimbawa kareng moles (pasimundut), uling ing pamamau ing 
gagamitan da bang manintun pamangan. E makaing masikan kareng catarrhine 
:en:primate (Catarrhini), at ala yang bitasa kareng :en:cetacean, 
dapot dening tawli atin lang masikan a panlasa. Anosmia ing 
aus da kaniting kakulangan king pamamau. Kareng dakal a animal, makatutuk ya 
kareng :en:pheromone ing pamamau; alimbawa, agyu neng abau lalaking 
:en:silkworm ing metung a molecule ning bombykol.

Ing pamamau kareng animal 
Deng antenna ing manimuna rang gagamitan king pamamau deng 
insektu. Magpalwal lang sinyal a electrical deng a makaparikil king bau (odor-
specific electrical signals) a awsan dang spikes nung atin lang atuklas a bau. 
Panigobran (process) do reng sinyal a reti manibat kareng sensory neuron king 
antenna lobe, at kaybat na niti, deng [[:en:mushroom 
body|mushroom bodies]] ampo ing lateral horn ning utak. 
Atyu la king sensilla ning antenna deng sensory neuron, at magwakas la reng 
fibra nerviosa (axon) kareng antennal lobe. Adwa lang uri deng 
neuron kareng antennal lobe a reti: deng projection neuron (spiking) ampo reng 
local neuron (graded junction). Paparla do reng projection neuron deng sepu da 
reng karelang fibra nerviosa (axon terminal) king mushroom body ampong lateral 
horm. Malyaring abalu kareng recording ibat kareng projection neuron nung nanu 
ya ing pepabau da king animal. E pa makaing malino ing malilyari king 
processing o pamanigobra kaybat na niti, dapot atyu no retang mumunang resulta 
king karelang pamanigaral.

Deng píkwanan 
 Buck, Linda and Richard Axel. (1991). A Novel Multigene Family May Encode 
Odorant Receptors: A Molecular Basis for Odor Recognition. Cell 65:175-183.
 Keller, A and Vosshall, LB. (2004). A psychophysical test of the vibration 
theory of olfaction. Nature Neuroscience 7:337-338. See also the editorial on p. 
315.
 Turin, Luca. (1996). A spectroscopic mechanism for primary olfactory reception. 
Chemical Senses, 21, 773-791.
 Turin, Luca. (2002). A method for the calculation of odor character from 
molecular structure. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 216, 367-385.
 Stopfer, M, Jayaraman, V, Laurent, G (2003) Intensity versus Identity Coding in 
an Olfactory System, Neuron 39, 991-1004.
 Stopfer, M. and Laurent, G. (1999). Short-term memory in olfactory network 
dynamics, Nature 402, 664-668.
 Chandler Burr. (2003). The Emperor of Scent : A Story of Perfume, Obsession, 
and the Last Mystery of the Senses. ISBN 0-375-50797-3
 Anosmia Awareness Day - Pebreru 27

Suglung a palwal 
 [http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/Columnists/peterbrennancolumn.htm 
Smells and Odours - How Smell Works]
 Olfaction
 [http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/Columnists/peterbrennancolumn2.htm The 
importance of smell, and pheromones, to Humans and other Animals]
 [http://www.flexitral.com/research/review_final.pdf Structure-odor relations: a 
modern perspective] (PDF)

Olfaction