Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. (juga dikenali sebagai Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures, MGM; atau Metro) ialah sebuah syarikat media Amerika, yang diasaskan pada tahun 1924, yang menghasilkan dan mengedarkan filem cereka dan program televisyen. Ia berpangkalan di Beverly Hills, California.

MGM telah ditubuhkan oleh Marcus Loew dengan menggabungkan Metro Pictures, Goldwyn Pictures dan Louis B. Mayer Pictures ke dalam satu syarikat. Ia mengupah beberapa pelakon terkenal sebagai pemain kontrak—slogannya ialah "lebih banyak bintang daripada yang ada di syurga"—dan tidak lama kemudian menjadi salah satu studio filem "lima besar" Hollywood, menghasilkan filem popular dan memenangi banyak Oscar. Syarikat itu juga memiliki studio filem,lot filem, panggung wayang dan kemudahan produksi teknikal. Eranya yang paling makmur, dari 1926 hingga 1959, telah dikurung oleh dua produksi Ben Hur. Selepas itu, ia melepaskan dirinya daripada rangkaian teater filem Loews, dan, pada tahun 1960-an,syarikat ini mempelbagaikan ke dalam pengeluaran televisyen. Pada tahun 1969, Kirk Kerkorian membeli 40% saham daripada MGM, mengupah pengurusan baharu, mengurangkan pengeluarannya kepada kira-kira lima filem setahun, dan mempelbagaikan produknya, mencipta MGM Resorts International dan,pada tahun 1973, sebuah Syarikat hotel dan kasino yang berpangkalan di Las Vegas (yang telah dilupuskan pada tahun 1980-an). Pada tahun 1980, ia memperoleh United Artists. Pada tahun 1986, Kerkorian menjual seluruh syarikat kepada Ted Turner. Turner tidak lama kemudian menjual sebahagian besarnya kembali kepada Kerkorian yang kemudian menjualnya semula pada tahun 1992, hanya untuk membelinya lagi untuk kali ketiga pada tahun 1996. Selepas itu dia mengembangkan MGM dengan membeli Orion Pictures dan Samuel Goldwyn Corporation , termasuk kedua-dua perpustakaan filem mereka. Akhirnya, pada tahun 2004, Kerkorian menjual syarikat itu kepada konsortium yang termasuk syarikat Sony Pictures.

Pada tahun 2010, MGM memfailkan Perlindungan dan penyusunan semula kebankrapan Bab 11. Kemudian pada tahun itu, selepas penyusunan semula, MGM bangkit daripada muflis di bawah pemilikan pemiutangnya. Dua bekas eksekutif di Spyglass Entertainment, Gary Barber dan Roger Birnbaum, menjadi pengerusi bersama dan CEO bersama MGM. Pada tahun 2020, dengan Barber telah meninggalkan MGM, ia mula mencari untuk diambil alih oleh syarikat lain untuk membayar pemiutangnya.

Pada 26 Mei 2021, telah diumumkan bahawa MGM akan diambil alih oleh Amazon untuk $8.45 bilion. Penggabungan telah dimuktamadkan pada 17 Mac 2022.

Pada masa kini, MGM masih menghasilkan dan mengedarkan filem cereka dan siri televisyen. Penerbitan filem utamanya termasuk Rocky dan James Bond francais, dan antara produksi televisyen terbarunya ialah siri The Handmaid's Tale.

Kerjasama 
 Columbia Pictures
 20th Century Fox
 United Artists
 TriStar Pictures

Logo 
Logo MGM ialah adaptasi logo Goldwyn Pictures, yakni lingkaran filem, untaian filem, topeng dibawah rol filem, dan seekor singa. Tulisan MGM dulu bertumpuk dibawah logo MGM, namun kini melingkari lingkaran. Pada lingkaran, terdapat tulisan "Ars Gratia Artis" (cogan syarikat, bahasa Rumi dari "Art for Art's Sake".

Versi lain dari logo tersebut berupa logo hitam putih dari singa dalam lingkaran, dan tulisan MGM.

Senarai filem 
KET: (*)= publik

Film series

1920an 
 Greed (1924) (Filem panjang ciri pertama MGM) 
 Dia Yang Ditampar (1924)
 Ben-Hur
 (1925, separa Technicolor; ditambah buat semula pada 1959) 
 Perarakan Besar (1925) 
 The Monster (1925) 
 The Unholy Three (1925) 
 La Bohème (1926) 
 Daging dan Iblis (1926) 
 The Scarlet Letter (1926) 
 Cinta (1927) 
 London After Midnight (1927)
 Angin (1928) 
 Our Dancing Daughters (1928, ditambah sekuel, filem pertama yang menampilkan MGM "Jackie the Lion") 
 Tunjukkan Orang (1928) 
 The Crowd (1928) 
 The Viking (1928, ciri warna pertama dengan runut bunyi)

 Pulau Misterius (1929)

 The Broadway Melody (1929, ditambah beberapa lagi filem dalam siri itu)

 Hallelujah! (1929) 

 The Hollywood Revue of 1929 (1929)

 Keinginan Mereka Sendiri (1929)

1930an 
 The March Of Time (1930 , unfinished musical, partially in Technicolor)
 The Rogue Song (1930, MGM's first all-color talkie)
 Anna Christie (1930)                                     
 The Divorcee (1930)
 The Big House (1930)
 Min and Bill (1930)
 Good News (1930)
 Lord Byron of Broadway (1930)
 The Champ (1931, plus remake in 1979)
 A Free Soul (1931)
 Mata Hari (1931)
 Grand Hotel (1932)
 Tarzan the Ape Man (1932, plus sequels)
 Freaks (1932)
 Smilin' Through (1932)
 Red-Headed Woman (1932)
 Dancing Lady (1933)
 Dinner at Eight (1933)
 Queen Christina  (1933)
 The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1934, plus remake in 1956)
 The Thin Man (1934, plus sequels)
 Tarzan and His Mate (1934)
 The Merry Widow (1934)
 Viva Villa! (1934)
 Hollywood Party (1934, first movie featuring MGM's "Tanner the Lion")
 Babes in Toyland (1934)
 The Cat and the Fiddle (1934)
 Anna Karenina (1935)
 A Night at the Opera (1935)
 David Copperfield (1935)
 Mutiny on the Bounty (1935, plus remake in 1962)
 Naughty Marietta (1935)
 Ah, Wilderness! (1935)
 A Tale of Two Cities (1935)
 Broadway Melody of 1936 (1935)
 Romeo and Juliet (1936)
 Rose Marie (1936)
 San Francisco (1936)
 Tarzan Escapes (1936)
 Camille (1936)
 The Great Ziegfeld (1936)
 Libeled Lady (1936)
 Maytime (1937)
 A Day at the Races (1937)
 Captains Courageous (1937)
 The Good Earth (1937)
 Conquest (1937)
 Rosalie (1937)
 The Firefly (1937)
 The Girl of the Golden West (1938)
 Test Pilot (1938)
 A Christmas Carol (1938)
 Sweethearts (1938)
 Boys Town (1938)
 Marie Antoinette (1938)
 The Citadel (1938)
 Babes in Arms (1939)
 Tarzan Finds a Son! (1939)
 At the Circus (1939)
 Gone with the Wind (1939, distribution only)
 The Wizard of Oz (1939)
 The Stars Look Down (1939, distribution only)
 Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1939, plus remake in 1969)
 The Women (1939)
 Ninotchka (1939, plus remake in 1957)
 It's a Wonderful World (1939)
 Broadway Serenade (1939)

1940an 
 The Shop Around the Corner (1940)
 Go West (1940)
 The Philadelphia Story (1940, plus remake High Society, 1956)
 The Mortal Storm (1940)
 Boom Town (1940)
 Northwest Passage (1940)
 Waterloo Bridge (1940)
 Pride and Prejudice (1940)
 New Moon (1940)
 Bitter Sweet (1940)
 Blossoms in the Dust (1941)
 Ziegfeld Girl (1941)
 Lady Be Good (1941)
 Smilin' Through (1941)
 Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941)
 Tarzan's Secret Treasure (1941)
 Cairo (1942)
 I Married an Angel (1942)
 For Me and My Gal (1942)
 Woman of the Year (1942)
 Tarzan's New York Adventure (1942)
 Mrs. Miniver (1942)
 The Pride of the Yankees (1942)
 Random Harvest (1942)
 Madame Curie (1943)
 Cabin in the Sky (1943)
 A Guy Named Joe (1943)
 Lassie Come Home (1943)
 The Human Comedy (1943)
 Best Foot Forward (1943)
 Gaslight (1944)
 Meet Me in St. Louis (1944)
 Thirty Seconds over Tokyo (1944)
 The White Cliffs of Dover (1944)
 National Velvet (1944)
 The Picture of Dorian Gray (1945)
 The Valley of Decision (1945)
 Anchors Aweigh (1945)
 The Harvey Girls (1946)
 The Yearling (1946)
 The Green Years (1946)
 Ziegfeld Follies (1946)
 Till the Clouds Roll By* (1946)
 The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946)
 The Secret Heart (1946)
 Lady in the Lake (1947)
 The Pirate (1948)
 Easter Parade (1948)
 A Date with Judy (1948)
 Three Daring Daughters (1948)
 The Barkleys of Broadway (1949)
 On the Town (1949)
 Adam's Rib (1949)
 Neptune's Daughter (1949)
 Battleground (1949)
 Little Women (1949)
 The Sun Comes Up (1949)
 The Secret Garden (1949)

1950an 
 A Life of Her Own (1950)
 King Solomon's Mines (1950)
 Annie Get Your Gun (1950)
 Three Little Words (1950)
 Nancy Goes to Rio (1950)
 The Toast of New Orleans (1950)
 Summer Stock (1950)
 Father of the Bride (1950, plus 1951 sequel) 
 The Red Badge of Courage (1951)
 Show Boat (1951)
 An American in Paris (1951) 
 Royal Wedding* (1951)
 Father's Little Dividend* (1951) (sequel to Father of the Bride)
 Cause for Alarm!* (1951)
 Vengeance Valley* (1951)
 Royal Wedding (1951)
 Angels in the Outfield (1951)
 Quo Vadis (1951)
 The Great Caruso (1951)
 Singin' in the Rain (1952)
 The Bad and the Beautiful (1952)
 Ivanhoe (1952)
 The Band Wagon (1953)
 Dangerous When Wet* (1953)
 Kiss Me, Kate (1953)
 Knights of the Round Table (1953)
 Julius Caesar (1953)
 Mogambo (1953)
 Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954)
 The Student Prince (1954)
 Brigadoon (1954)
 Rhapsody (1954)
 Athen (1954)
 The Last Time I Saw Paris* (1954)
 The Long, Long Trailer (1954)
 Deep in My Heart (1954)
 Blackboard Jungle (1955)
 Hit the Deck (1955)
 I'll Cry Tomorrow (1955)
 Interrupted Melody (1955)
 The Prodigal  (1955)
 Love Me or Leave Me (1955)
 Kismet (1955)
 Guys and Dolls (1955, original distributor, now owned by MGM through acquisition of The Samuel Goldwyn Company)
 The Adventures of Quentin Durward (1955)
 Forbidden Planet (1956)
 High Society (1956, last movie featuring MGM's "Jackie the Lion") (musical remake of The Philadelphia Story)
 The Teahouse of the August Moon (1956, last movie featuring MGM's "Tanner the Lion")
 Jailhouse Rock (1957)
 Raintree County (1957)
 Silk Stockings (1957, first movie with MGM's "Leo the Lion") (musical remake of Ninotchka)
 Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958) 
 Gigi (1958)
 The Brothers Karamazov  (1958)
 Ben-Hur (1959, remake of 1925 film)
 North by Northwest (1959)

 1960an 
 BUtterfield 8 (1960)
 Where the Boys Are (1960)
 Cimarron (1960)
 The Last Voyage (1960)
 King of Kings (1961)
 How the West Was Won (1962)
 Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1962)
 The Courtship of Eddie's Father (1963)
 The Haunting (1963)
 The Yellow Rolls-Royce (1964)
 Viva Las Vegas (1964)
 The Americanization of Emily (1964)
 The Unsinkable Molly Brown (1964)
 The Cincinnati Kid (1965)
 Doctor Zhivago (1965)
 Blow-Up (1966) (distributor)
 Grand Prix (1966)
 The Glass Bottom Boat (1966)
 Hot Rods to Hell (1967)
 Point Blank (1967)
 The Dirty Dozen (1967)
 Dark of the Sun (1968)
 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)
 Ice Station Zebra (1968)
 Where Eagles Dare (1968)
 The Green Slime (1968)
 Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969)
 A Boy Named Charlie Brown  (1969)

 1970an 
 Kelly's Heroes (1970)
 Brewster McCloud (1970)
 House of Dark Shadows (1970)
 Ryan's Daughter (1970)
 Elvis: That's the Way It Is (1970)
 Dirty Dingus Magee (1970)
 The Phantom Tollbooth (1970)
 Zabriskie Point (1970)
 Night of Dark Shadows (1971)
 Shaft (1971)
 The Boy Friend (1971, co-production with EMI Films)
 Savage Messiah (1972)
 Private Parts (1972)
 Night of the Lepus (1972)
 Elvis On Tour (1972)
 Soylent Green (1973)
 Westworld (1973)
 That's Entertainment! (1974)
 The Passenger (1975)
 The Wind and the Lion (1975, co-production with Columbia Pictures)
 The Sunshine Boys (1975)
 Logan's Run (1976)
 That's Entertainment, Part II (1976)
 Network (1976, co-production with United Artists)
 The Goodbye Girl (1977, co-production with Warner Bros.)
 Corvette Summer (1978)
 Coma (1978)
 The Champ (1979) (remake of 1931 film)

 1980an 

 Fame (1980)
 Pennies From Heaven (1981)
 Clash of the Titans (1981)
 Tarzan, the Ape Man (1981)
 Diner (1982)
 Inchon (1982)
 Pink Floyd The Wall (1982) (distributor)
 Victor/Victoria (1982) (distributor, produced by Ladbrokes Entertainment)
 Poltergeist (1982)
 My Favorite Year (1982)
 Brainstorm (1983)
 A Christmas Story (1983)
 Rock & Rule (1983)
 The Hunger (1983)
 Breakin' (1984, distribution)
 2010 (1984)
 Gymkata (1985)
 Poltergeist II: The Other Side (1986, first film after the Turner split, as all films starting here are still owned by MGM)
 Spaceballs (1987)
 Moonstruck (1987)
 Overboard (1987)
 A Fish Called Wanda (1988)
 Killer Klowns From Outer Space (1988)
 Poltergeist III (1988)
 The January Man (1989)
 For Queen and Country (1989) (distributor)
 Leviathan (1989)
 The Mighty Quinn (1989)
 A Dry White Season (1989)

 1990an 
 The Russia House (1990)
 Shattered (1991)
 Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man (1991)
 Thelma & Louise (1991)
 The Cutting Edge (1992)
 Of Mice and Men (1992)
 Benny & Joon (1993)
 Meteor Man (1993)
 Blown Away (1994)
 Getting Even with Dad (1994)
 Stargate (1994, theatrical distributor only)
 That's Entertainment! III (1994, only post-1986 MGM film to be distributed by Turner Entertainment and Warner Bros. on Video & DVD)
 Get Shorty (1995)
 Species (1995)
 The Pebble and the Penguin (1995)
 All Dogs Go to Heaven 2 (1996)
 Kingpin (1996, co-production with Rysher Entertainment)
 Turbulence (1997) (co-production with Rysher Entertainment)
 Zeus and Roxanne (1997) (co-production with Rysher Entertainment)
 Species II (1998)
 The World Is Not Enough (1999)
 The Thomas Crown Affair (1999)

 2000an 
 Supernova (2000)
 Original Sin (2001)
 Antitrust (2001)
 Josie and the Pussycats (2001) (co-production with Universal Pictures)
 Hannibal (2001, co-production with Universal Pictures and Dino De Laurentiis Company - DDLC)
 Hart's War (2001)
 Vampire Hunter D: Bloodlust (2001, distribution, with Urban Vision Entertainment)
 Legally Blonde (2001, plus sequel in 2003)
 Barbershop (2002)
 Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course (2002)
 Die Another Day (2002)
 Rollerball (2002)
 Windtalkers (2002)
 Anything Else (2003) (UK Distribution only)
 Luther (2003)
 Agent Cody Banks (2003, plus sequel in 2004)
 Good Boy! (2003)
 Sakura Wars: The Movie (2003, with Geneon Entertainment)
 De-Lovely (2004)
 Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London (2004)
 Walking Tall (2004)
 Swimming Upstream (2005)
 Be Cool (2005)
 Beauty Shop (2005)
 The Brothers Grimm (2005) (co-production with Dimension Films)
 Into the Blue (2005) (co-production with Columbia Pictures)
 Yours, Mine and Ours (2005) (co-production with Paramount Pictures, Nickelodeon Movies, and Columbia Pictures)
 The Amityville Horror (2005, with Dimension Films)
 Dark Angel (2006, co-production with Dimension Films)
 The Pink Panther (2006) (co-production with Columbia Pictures)
 Basic Instinct 2 (2006) (co-production with Intermedia Films and C2 Pictures)
 Lucky Number Slevin (2006, USA distribution only) (produced by The Weinstein Company)
 Stormbreaker (2006, USA distribution only) (produced by The Weinstein Company and Isle of Man Film) 
 Casino Royale (2006) (co-production with Columbia Pictures)
 Material Girls (2006)
 Harsh Times (2006)
 Rocky Balboa (2006) (co-production with Columbia Pictures and Revolution Studios)
 Clerks II (2006) (USA theatrical distribution only, produced by The Weinstein Company)
 Flyboys (2006) (distributor)
 School For Scoundrels (2006, with Dimension Films) (Produced by The Weinstein Company)
 Arthur and the Invisibles (2007) (USA theatrical distribution only)
 Blood and Chocolate (2007, with Lakeshore Entertainment)
 Premonition (2007) (co-production with TriStar Pictures and Hyde Park Entertainment)
 The Flying Scotsman (2007) (distributor)
 The Ex (USA distribution only) (produced by the The Weinstein Company)
 1408 (2007) (USA Distribution Only) (produced by Dimension Films, with The Weinstein Company)
 Mr. Brooks  (2007)
 Who's Your Caddy?  (2007) (USA distribution only; produced by Our Stories Films and Dimension Films)
 Death at a Funeral  (2007)
 Rescue Dawn  (2007)
 The Feast of Love  (2007)
 Halloween  (2007) (USA distribution only; produced by Dimension Films)
 Lions for Lambs  (2007) (distribution only; produced by United Artists, an MGM company)
 Charlie Bartlett (2008) 
 Stargate: The Ark of Truth Superhero Movie (USA Distribution only; produced by Dimension Films) (2008)
 Pathology (produced by Lakeshore Entertainment) (2008)
 Deal (produced by Tag Entertainment) 
 Stargate: Continuum (2008)
 College (2008)
 The Longshots (US Distribution only; produced by Dimension Films) (2008)
 Vicky Cristina Barcelona (US Distribution Only; produced by Weinstein Company) (2008)
 Igor (2008)
 Quantum of Solace (2008) (co-produced with Columbia Pictures and EON Productions)
 The Other End of the Line - November 14, 2008
 Soul Men (Distribution Only; produced by Dimension Films)
 Valkyrie (US Distribution only, co-distributed by United Artists)
 The Pink Panther 2 (co-production with Columbia Pictures)
 The Taking of Pelham 123 (co-production with Columbia Pictures and Relativity Media)
 Fame (co-production with United Artists and Lakeshore Entertainment)
 2010an 
2010
 Mary, Mother of Christ Hot Tub Time Machine (co-production with United Artists)
 Red Dawn (2010 film)
 Bunyan and Babe
 Zookeeper (co-production with Happy Madison)
 Stargate: Revolution (Lt. General. Jack O'Neill)
 Cat Tale (co-production with Imagi Animation Studios)

2011 
 The Cabin in the Woods (co-production with United Artists)
 The Hobbit (co-production with Warner Bros./New Line Cinema and WingNut Films)
 Jeepers Creepers 3: Cathedral
 Robocop (remake of 1987 Orion Pictures film)
 Tales of Story Kells (co-production with Walden Media)

2020-an
No Time To Die

Maskot MGM 
 "Slats the Lion" (1924-1928)
 "Jackie the Lion" (1928-1956)
 "Telly the Lion" (1928-1932)
 "Coffee the Lion" (1932-1935)
 "Tanner the Lion"
 Versi film: 1934-1956
 Khusus kartun: 1938—1958, 1963—1967
 "Bob Lion" atau "Jackie 2" (1956-1957)
 "Leo the Lion" (1957-kini)

Lihat juga 
 Sony
 Time Warner

Rujukan

Pautan luar 
 Laman web rasmi
 International Academy of Music Arts and Sciences
 MGM's Super 8 Home Movie catalog from 1978
 MGM Title Art Collection

Syarikat media Amerika Syarikat
Syarikat penerbitan televisyen Amerika Syarikat
Syarikat penerbitan filem Amerika Syarikat
Syarikat yang ditubuhkan pada 1924