Abwehr

Abwehr (, "Pertahanan") adalah sebuah organisasi perisikan tentera Jerman yang wujud dari tahun 1920 hingga 1945. Walaupun hakikatnya Persetiaan Versailles melarang pihak Jerman daripada mewujudkan sebuah organisasi perisikan mereka sendiri, namun mereka membentuk satu kumpulan pengintipan pada tahun 1920 dalam kementerian pertahanan mereka, yang digelar Abwehr. Tujuan awal Abwehr ialah mempertahankan negara daripada pengintipan asing - satu peranan  organisasi yang kemudiannya berkembang dengan pesat. Untuk tujuan ini, pihak Abwehr mengumpul maklumat dari dalam dan luar negeri, sebahagian besar dalam bentuk risikan manusia. Dibawah Jeneral Kurt von Schleicher unit-unit risikan tentera individu telah digabungkan dan pada tahun 1929, diletakkan dibawah Kementerian Pertahanannya, membentuk asas penubuhan Abwehr. Setiap stesen Abwehr diseluruh Jerman telah ditempatkan di daerah-daerah tentera dan lebih banyak pejabat dibuka di negara-negara berkecuali dan di wilayah-wilayah taklukan sejajar dengan perluasan Reich yang lebih besar. Apabila Adolf Hitler menggantikan Kementerian Perang dengan OKW dan menjadikan organisasi itu sebahagian daripada "staf kerja" peribadi Führer pada Jun 1938, Abwehr telah menjadi agensi perisikannya dan Laksamana Madya Wilhelm Canaris telah dilantik sebagai ketua organisasi itu. Ibupejabat (HQ) Abwehr terletak di 76/78 Tirpitzufer, Berlin, bersebelahan dengan pejabat  OKW.

Lihat juga
 Plot 20 Julai
 Dietrich Bonhoeffer
 Eddie Chapman, a prominent British double agent who infiltrated the Abwehr and fed intelligence to MI5 during World War II. He was so trusted by the Germans that he is the only British citizen to ever have been awarded the Iron Cross.
 German Resistance
 Hermann Giskes—Leading light in the Abwehr Englandspiel operation in the Netherlands
 Irish Republican Army-Abwehr Collaboration
 Operation Salaam, a long-range mission into British-held Egypt during World War II
 Oskar Schindler, ejen lain Abwehr
 Hans Oster, timbalan Canaris

Grams, Grant W.: “Enemies within our bosom, Nazi Sabotage in Canada”, in John Ferris, Jim Keeley, Terry Terriff (eds.) Journal of Military and Strategic Studies, 2012.

Nota dan rujukan

Bibliografi

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Pautan luar
 German Espionage and Sabotage Against the USA in WW2  at ibiblio.org. Includes details on structure of Abwehr.
 Gross, Kuno, Michael Rolke & András Zboray, Operation SALAM - László Almásy’s most daring Mission in the Desert War, Belleville, München, 2013

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