Maharaja Qianlong

Maharaja Qianlong () (; Mongolian: Тэнгэрийг Тэтгэгч хаан, Manchu:  Abkai Wehiyehe hūwangdi, Tibetan:  lha skyong rgyal po, born Hongli (; bahasa Manchu:   ;transliterasi Möllendorff: hung li),  25 September 1711 –  7 Februari 1799) merupakan maharaja ke-6 dari dinasti Qing dan maharaja Qing ke-4 yang memerintah di tanah besar China. Baginda merupakan anak lelaki ke-4 bagi Maharaja Yongzheng, dan memerintah secara rasminya bermua pada 11 Oktober 1735 sehingga 8 Februari 1796. Pada 8 Februari, baginda telah turun dari takhta bagi memberi peluang kepada anak lelaki baginda , Maharaja Jiaqing – bagi memenuhi janji baginda bahawa baginda tidak akan memerintah lebih lama dari datuk baginda, Maharaja Kangxi. Meskipun telah bersara, baginda masih mengekalkan kuasa mutlak sehingga kemangkatan baginda pada tahun 1799. Meskipun pada tahun-tahun awal pemerintahan baginda mewarisi kelangsungan era kekayaan di China, hari-hari terakhir baginda menyaksikan pebagai masalah yang melanda di tanah air dan Empayar Qing.

Lihat juga
 Jean Joseph Marie Amiot
 Giuseppe Castiglione
 Manwen Laodang
 Sistem Canton
 Xi Yang Lou
 Koridor Panjang
 Kuil Putuo Zongcheng
 Dinasti Qianlong

Nota

Rujukan

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 van Braam Houckgeest, Andreas Everardus. (1797). Voyage de l'ambassade de la Compagnie des Indes Orientales hollandaises vers l'empereur de la Chine, dans les années 1794 et 1795. Philadelphia: M.L.E. Moreau de Saint-Méry.
 Van Braam Houckgeest, Andreas Everardus. (1798). An authentic account of the embassy of the Dutch East-India company, to the court of the emperor of China, in the years 1974 and 1795, Vol. I.  London : R. Phillips. [digitized by University of Hong Kong Libraries, Digital Initiatives, "China Through Western Eyes."  ]
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 "In the Eye of Power : China and Xinjiang from the Qing Conquest to the 'New Great Game' for Central Asia, 1759–2004." Doctoral thesis, Dept. of International Business & Asian Studies, Griffith University, Brisbane.
Crossley, Pamela."A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Imperial Ideology."  10-ISBN 0-520-23424-3; 13-ISBN 978-0-520-23424-6
 de Guignes, Chrétien-Louis-Joseph (1808). Voyage a Pékin, Manille et l'Ile de France. Paris.
 Dai, Yingcong (2004). "A Disguised Defeat: The Myanmar Campaign of the Qing Dynasty". Modern Asian Studies (Cambridge University Press).

 Hall, D.G.E. (1960). Burma (3rd edition ed.). Hutchinson University Library. ISBN 978-1406735031.
 Henss, Michael: The Qianlong Emperor as a Grand Lama . In: Asian Art Gallery , Nov. 1998.
 China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia. Cambridge, Mass.; London, England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
 Robbins, Helen Henrietta Macartney (1908). Our First Ambassador to China: An Account of the Life of George, Earl of Macartney with Extracts from His Letters, and the Narrative of His Experiences in China, as Told by Himself, 1737–1806, from Hitherto Unpublished Correspondence and Documents.  London : John Murray. [digitized by University of Hong Kong Libraries, Digital Initiatives, "China Through Western Eyes."  ]
 Rockhill, William Woodville.  "Diplomatic Missions to the Court of China: The Kotow Question I," The American Historical Review, Vol. 2, No. 3 (Apr., 1897), pp. 427–442.
 Rockhill, William Woodville.  "Diplomatic Missions to the Court of China: The Kotow Question II," The American Historical Review, Vol. 2, No. 4 (Jul., 1897), pp. 627–643.

Kelahiran 1711
Kematian 1799
Maharaja Dinasti Qing
Monarki China kurun ke-18
Raja yang turun takhta