Pertempuran Adwa

Pertempuran Adwa (bahasa Amhara: የአድዋ ጦርነት, ) merupakan suatu pertarungan yang berlaku pada 1 Mac 1896 di antara Empayar Habsyah dengan Itali jauh di sebuah petempatan dalam pedalaman kerajaan Habsyah iaitu Adwa (biasanya dikenali sebagai Adowa atau dalam nama bahasa Italinya, Adua). Ia merupakan kemuncak turutan kejadian yang berlaku dalamPerang Itali-Habsyah Pertama, di mana kemenangan berpihak habis kepada pihak Habsyah.

Nota

Nota kaki

Petikan

Rujukan 

Berkeley, G.F.-H. (1902) The campaign of Adowa and the rise of Menelik, Westminister : A. Constable, 403 p.
Brown, P.S. and Yirgu, F. (1996) The Battle of Adwa 1896, Chicago : Nyala Publishing, 160pp., ISBN 978-0-964206-81-6
Henze, P.B. (2004) Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia, London : Hurst & Co., ISBN 1-85065-522-7
Lewis, D.L. (1988) The race to Fashoda : European colonialism and African resistance in the scramble for Africa, 1st ed., London : Bloomsbury, ISBN 0-7475-0113-0
Marcus, H.G. (1995) The life and times of Menelik II : Ethiopia, 1844-1913, Lawrenceville, N.J. : Red Sea Press, ISBN 1-56902-010-8
Pankhurst, R. (1968) Economic history of Ethiopia, 1800-1935, Addis Ababa : Haile Sellassie I University Press, 772 p.
Pankhurst, R. (1998) The Ethiopians : a history, The peoples of Africa Series, Oxford : Blackwell Publishers, ISBN 0-631-22493-9
Rosenfeld, C.P. (1986) Empress Taytu and Menelik II : Ethiopia 1883-1910, London : Ravens Educational & Development Services, ISBN 0-947895-01-9
Uhlig, S. (ed.) (2003) Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, 1 (A-C), Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, ISBN 3-447-04746-1
Webb, S.H. (2011) "The Battle of Adwa", Bellknap Press of Harvard University Press, ISBN
Worrell, R. (2005) Pan-Africanism in Barbados : An Analysis of the Activities of the Major 20th-Century Pan-African Formations in Barbados, Washington, DC : New Academia Publishing, ISBN 0-9744934-6-5
Bahru Zewde (1991) A history of modern Ethiopia, 1855-1974, Eastern African studies series, London : Currey, ISBN 0-85255-066-9
With the Armies of Menelik II, emperor of Ethiopia at www.samizdat.comA.K. Bulatovich With the Armies of Menelik II translated by Richard Seltzer
A. K. Bulatovich Ethiopia Through Russian Eyes: Country in Transition, 1896–1898, translated by Richard Seltzer, 2000

Pautan luar 

Historynet: Kemenangan muktamad Ethiopia di Adowa

-Who Was Count Abai?
Cossack: Maharaja Мenelik II 

Sejarah Habsyah
Sejarah Itali
1896 di Habsyah
1896 di Itali