Neanderthal

Neanderthal (, juga dengan  dan ), atau Neandertal, ialah anggota genus Homo yang telah pupus dan berasal dari zaman Pleistosen. Spesimennya ditemui di Eropah dan Asia Barat dan Tengah. Neanderthal dapat diklasifikan sebagai subspesies manusia (Homo sapiens neanderthalensis) atau spesies yang berlainan (Homo neanderthalensis). Jejak proto-Neanderthal pertama muncul di Eropah 600,000 sehingga 350,000 tahun yang lalu.

Rujukan

Pautan luar 

 Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
 Smithsonian 
 Archaelogy Info
 MNSU 
 "Humans and Neanderthals interbred" :  Modern humans contain a little bit of Neanderthal, according to a new theory, because the two interbred and became one species. (Cosmos magazine, November 2006)
 BBC.co.uk - 'Neanderthals "mated with modern humans":  A hybrid skeleton showing features of both Neanderthal and early modern humans has been discovered, challenging the theory that our ancestors drove Neanderthals to extinction', BBC (April 21, 1999)
 BBC.co.uk - 'Neanderthals "had hands like ours":  The popular image of Neanderthals as clumsy, backward creatures has been dealt another blow', Helen Briggs, BBC (March 27, 2003)
 IndState.edu  - 'Neanderthals: A Cyber Perspective', Kharlena María Ramanan, Indiana State University (1997)
 Krapina.com - 'Krapina: The World's Largest Neanderthal Finding Site'
 Neanderthal.de - 'Neanderthal Museum'
 Neanderthal DNA - 'Neanderthal DNA' Includes Neanderthal mtDNA sequences
 The Cryptid Zoo - 'Neanderthals and Neanderthaloids in Cryptozoology' (modern sightings promoted by the pseudoscience of cryptozoology)
 UniZH.ch - 'Comparing Neanderthals and modern humans:  Neanderthals differ from anatomically modern Homo sapiens in a suite of cranial features' (cranio-facial reconstructions), Institut für Informatik der Universität Zürich
 WebShots.com - 'IMG_6922 The Neandertal foot prints' (photo of ~25K years old fossilized footprints discovered in 1970 on volcanic layers near Demirkopru Dam Reservoir, Manisa, Turkey)
 interactive database on the archaeology and anthropology of Neanderthals 
 Did free trade cause the extinction of Neanderthals?
 Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA can show conflicting phylogenetic histories
 Neanderthal manifactured pitch
 Homo neanderthalensis reconstruction  - Electronic articles published by the Division of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History.
 CBS article on latest scientific speculation about Neanderthals in Gibraltar.
  Neanderthal bone gives DNA clues
 Scientists decode Neanderthal genes 
 Scientists Build 'Frankenstein' Neanderthal Skeleton
 A NEANDERTHAL'S DNA TALE 
 'Bone and Stone' A digitally enhanced single frame philatelic exhibit dedicated to the Neanderthal.
 How Neanderthal molar teeth grew
 Mousterian Tools of Neanderthals From Europe - World Museum of Man 
 The Way We Are
 Link to picture of the Neanderthal trace near Gediz River in Turkey
 Link to Cross-Eyed stereoview of Neanderthal fossil cast in Chicago Field Museum 

Arkeologi Eropah
Paleoantropologi
Evolusi manusia
Manusia
Megafauna di Eropah
Mamalia yang menggunakan alat