Bertrand Russell

Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (18 Mei 1872 – 2 Februari 1970) ialah seorang ahli falsafah, logik matematik, matematik, sejarah dan pengkritik sosial British. Dalam beberapa detik kehidupannya, beliau menganggap dirinya sebagai seorang liberal, sosialis, dan pencinta damai. Beliau dilahirkan di Monmouthshire, ke dalam keluarga bangsawan Britain.

Russell mengetuai "revolusi British terhadap idealisme" pada wal abad ke-20. Beliau dianggap seorang daripada pengasas falsafah analitik bersama-sama pendahulunya, Gottlob Frege dan anak didiknya Ludwig Wittgenstein. Beliau juga dianggap sebagai ahli logik terunggul abad ke-20. Bersama-sama A. N. Whitehead, beliau menghasilkan Principia Mathematica, satu percubaan untuk meletakkan logik sebagai asas matematik. Esei falsafahnya On Denoting dianggap sebuah "paradigma falsafah." Karyanya mempengaruhi logic, matematik, teori set, linguistik, sains komputer, dan falsafah, khususnya falsafah bahasa, epistemologi, dan metafizik.

Russell seorang aktivis anti-perang dan anti-imperialisme, dan dipenjarakan kerana kempen anti-perangnya semasa Perang Dunia Pertama. Kemudian, beliau berkempen menentang Adolf Hitler, mengkritik sistem totalitarian Stalin, menyerang penglibatan Amerika Syarikat dalam Perang Vietnam, dan menyokong kuat pergerakan pelucutan senjata nuklear. Dalam tahun 1950 Russell dikurniakan hadiah Nobel dalam bidang Kesusasteraan sebagai "pengiktirafan penulisan yang pelbagai dan bernilai yang memperjuangkan cita-cita kemasnusiaan dan kebebasan fikiran]]"

Lihat juga 
 Cambridge University Moral Sciences Club
 Structural realism (philosophy of science)

Nota

Rujukan tambahan

Russell 
 1900, Sur la logique des relations avec des applications à la théorie des séries, Rivista di matematica 7: 115–148.
 1901, On the Notion of Order, Mind (n.s.) 10: 35–51.
 1902, (with Alfred North Whitehead), On Cardinal Numbers, American Journal of Mathematics 23: 367–384.
 1948, BBC Reith Lectures: Authority and the Individual A series of six radio lectures broadcast on the BBC Home Service in December 1948.

Rujukan sekunder 
 John Newsome Crossley. A Note on Cantor's Theorem and Russell's Paradox, Australian Journal of Philosophy 51: 70–71.
 Ivor Grattan-Guinness, 2000. The Search for Mathematical Roots 1870–1940. Princeton University Press.
 Bertrand Russell: A Political Life by Alan Ryan 1981

Buku berkaitan falsafah Russell 
 Bertrand Russell: Critical Assessments, edited by A. D. Irvine, 4 volumes, London: Routledge, 1999. Consists of essays on Russell's work by many distinguished philosophers.
 Bertrand Russell, by John Slater, Bristol: Thoemmes Press, 1994.
 Bertrand Russell's Ethics. by Michael K. Potter, Bristol: Thoemmes Continuum, 2006. A clear and accessible explanation of Russell's moral philosophy.
 The Philosophy of Bertrand Russell, edited by P.A. Schilpp, Evanston and Chicago: Northwestern University, 1944.
 Russell, by A. J. Ayer, London: Fontana, 1972. ISBN 0-00-632965-9. A lucid summary exposition of Russell's thought.
 The Lost Cause: Causation and the Mind-Body Problem, by Celia Green. Oxford: Oxford Forum, 2003. ISBN 0-9536772-1-4 Contains a sympathetic analysis of Russell's views on causality.
 Russell's Idealist Apprenticeship, by Nicholas Griffin. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Buku biografi 
 Bertrand Russell: Philosopher and Humanist, by John Lewis (1968)
 Bertrand Russell, by A. J. Ayer (1972), reprint ed. 1988: ISBN 0-226-03343-0
 My father Bertrand Russell, by Katharine Tait (1975)
 The Life of Bertrand Russell, by Ronald W. Clark (1975) ISBN 0-394-49059-2
 Bertrand Russell and His World, by Ronald W. Clark (1981) ISBN 0-500-13070-1
 Bertrand Russell: Mathematics: Dreams and Nightmares by Ray Monk (1997) ISBN 0-7538-0190-6
  Bertrand Russell: 1872–1920 The Spirit of Solitude by Ray Monk (1997) ISBN 0-09-973131-2
 Bertrand Russell: 1921–1970 The Ghost of Madness by Ray Monk (2001) ISBN 0-09-927275-X
 Logicomix: An Epic Search for Truth by Apostolos Doxiadis, and Christos Papadimitriou (2009)
 'Bertrand Russell', by George Santayana in Selected Writings of George Santayana, ed. Norman Henfrey, Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, I, 1968 : 326–9

Baccan lanjut 
 Bertrand Russell. 1967–1969, The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell, 3 volumes, London: George Allen & Unwin.
 Wallechinsky, David & Irving Wallace. 1975–1981, "Famous Marriages Bertrand Russell & Alla Pearsall Smith, Part 1" & "Part 3", on "Alys" Pearsall Smith, webpage content from The People's Almanac, webpages: Part 1 & Part 3 (accessed 8 November 2008).
 Russell B, (1944) "My Mental Development", in Schilpp, Paul Arturn "The Philosophy of Betrand Russell", New York, Tudorm 1951, pp 3–20

Pautan luar 

Penulisan lain dalam talian
 
 
 "A Free Man's Worship" (1903)
 "The Elements of Ethics" (1910)
 War and Non-Resistance (1915)
 The War and Non-Resistance — A Rejoinder to Professor Perry (1915)
 The Ethics of War (1915)
 Justice in Wartime (1917)
 Why Men Fight: A Method of Abolishing the International Duel (1917)
 "Has Religion Made Useful Contributions to Civilization?" 1930
 Legitimacy Versus Industrialism 1814–1848 (1935)
 "Am I an Atheist or an Agnostic?" (1947)
 "Ideas that Have Harmed Mankind" (1950)
 "What Desires Are Politically Important?" (1950)
 An Outline of Philosophy (1951)
 Is There a God? (1952)
 
 The Scientific Outlook (1954)
 "16 Questions on the Assassination" (of President Kennedy) (1964)

Audio
 Works by Bertrand Russell in audio format from LibriVox
 Sound clips of Bertrand Russell speaking

Lain-lain
 
 Pembroke Lodge — childhood home and museum
 The Bertrand Russell Society Quarterly
 The Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation
 
 Bertrand Russell in Japan
 
 Photographs at the National Portrait Gallery (London)
 
 The Bertrand Russell Archives at McMaster University
 Resource list
 The First Reith Lecture given by Russell (Real Audio)
 Nobel Prize
 Bertrand Russell at 100 Welsh Heroes
 Key Participants: Bertrand Russell — Linus Pauling and the International Peace Movement: A Documentary History
 PM@100: LOGIC FROM 1910 TO 1927  Conference at the Bertrand Russell Research Centre (McMaster University, Ontario, Canada), to be held on 21–24 May 2010, celebrating the 100th anniversary of the publication of Principia Mathematica.
 Bertrand Russell Society Bulletin (2011–present)(Kris Notaro and David Blitz)

Kelahiran 1872
Kematian 1970
Ahli falsafah abad ke-19
Ahli falsafah abad ke-20
Ahli matematik abad ke-19
Ahli matematik abad ke-20
Academics of the London School of Economics
Analytic philosophers
Anti–Vietnam War activists
Anti–World War I activists
Atheist philosophers
Atheism activists
 
British anti–nuclear weapons activists
British Nobel laureates
British republicans
British humanists
English logicians
English pacifists
English prisoners and detainees
Cambridge University Moral Sciences Club
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
Critics of work and the work ethic
De Morgan Medallists
Deaths from influenza
Earls in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Ateis Inggeris
English historians of philosophy
English sceptics
Ahli epistemologi
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge
Free love advocates
Infectious disease deaths in Wales
Kalinga Prize recipients
Linguistic turn
LGBT rights activists from the United Kingdom
Male feminists
Members of the Order of Merit
Penerima Hadiah Nobel dalam Kesusasteraan
Ahli ontologi
People from Monmouthshire
Ahli falsafah bahasa
Ahli falsafah matematik
Bertrand Russell
Set theorists
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
University of Chicago faculty
Utilitarians
Western writers about Soviet Russia
World federalists
English Nobel laureates