M. Night Shyamalan

Manoj Nelliyattu Shyamalan (; ;  Maṉōj Nelliyāṯṯu Ṣiyāmaḷaṉ, lahir 6 Ogos 1970), dikenali secara profesional sebagai M. Night Shyamalan, adalah seorang pembuat filem dan penulis skrip lakon layar Amerika kelahiran India, terkenal kerana membuat filem dengan plot kuasa ghaib kontemporari yang memuncak dengan akhiran putarbalik. Beliau juga dikenali membuat filemnya (dan meletakkan plotnya) di sekitar dan dalam kawasan Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, tempat beliau dibesarkan. Shyamalan menerbitkan filem pertamanya, Praying with Anger, pada 1992 semasa masih lagi seorang mahasiswa Universiti New York. Filem keduanya, Wide Awake, dibuat pada 1995 tetapi tidak dikeluarkan sehingga tiga tahun kemudian, gagal dari segi komersil.

Shyamalan gained international recognition when he wrote and directed 1999's The Sixth Sense, which was a commercial success and nominated for six Academy Awards, including: Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Screenplay. He followed The Sixth Sense by writing and directing Unbreakable, released in 2000, which received positive reviews. His 2002 film Signs, where he also played Ray Reddy, gained both critical and financial success. His next movie The Village (2004) was a critical disappointment whose box office fell hard after a strong opening weekend, and Lady in the Water (2006) performed even worse. The film The Happening (2008) did financially better than his previous effort but was also panned by critics. His film, The Last Airbender (2010) has also received negative reviews. His latest film, Devil (2010), which he produced and wrote the story for, but did not direct, was released on September 17, 2010 and has received mixed reviews.

Kehidupan awalnya 

Shyamalan dilahirkan  Mahé, Puducherry, India. Ayahnya, Nelliyattu C. Shyamalan, seorang Indian Malayali physician belonging to a famous "Thiyya" tharavad dari Mahe, Kerala. Ibunya, Jayalakshmi, seorang Tamil Indian and an obstetrician and gynecologist by profession. In the 1960s, after medical school (di Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research di Puducherry) dan kelahiran anak pertama mereka, Veena, ibu bapanya berpindah ke Amerika Syarikat. His mother returned to India to spend the last five months of her pregnancy with him at her parents’ home in Chennai (Madras).

Shyamalan spent his first six weeks in Puducherry, dan dibesarkan di Penn Valley, Pennsylvania, an affluent suburb of Philadelphia. He attended the private Roman Catholic grammar school Waldron Mercy Academy, though he was a Hindu (they chose it for disciplinary reasons), followed by the Episcopal Academy, a private Episcopal high school located at the time in Merion, Pennsylvania. Shyamalan went on to New York University’s Tisch School of the Arts, in Manhattan, graduating in 1992. It was while studying there that he adopted Night as his second name.

Shyamalan had an early desire to be a filmmaker when he was given a Super-8 camera at a young age. Though his father wanted him to follow in the family practice of medicine, his mother encouraged him to follow his passion. By the time he was 17 the Steven Spielberg fan had made 45 home movies. Beginning with The Sixth Sense, he has included a scene from one of these childhood films on each DVD release of his films, which he feels represents his first attempt at the same kind of film (with the exception of Lady in the Water).

Kerjaya 
Shyamalan made his first film, the semi-autobiographical drama Praying with Anger, while still an NYU student, using money borrowed from family and friends.  It was screened at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 12, 1992, and played commercially at one theater for one week. When the film debuted at the Toronto Film Festival, Shyamalan was introduced by David Overbey who predicted that the world would see more of Shyamalan in the years to come. Praying with Anger has also been shown on Canadian television. Filmed in Chennai, it is his only film to be shot outside of Pennsylvania.

Shyamalan wrote and directed his second movie, Wide Awake, in 1995, though it was not released until 1998. His parents were the film's associate producers. The drama dealt with a ten-year-old Catholic schoolboy (Joseph Cross) who, after the death of his grandfather (Robert Loggia), searches for God. The film's supporting cast included Dana Delany and Denis Leary as the boy's parents, as well as Julia Stiles, and Camryn Manheim. Wide Awake was filmed in a school Shyamalan attended as a child and earned 1999 Young Artist Award nominations for Best Drama, and, for Cross, Best Performance. Only in limited release, the film grossed $305,704 in theaters.

That same year Shyamalan co-wrote the screenplay for Stuart Little with Greg Brooker. In 2010, he directed The Last Airbender, based on the Nickelodeon TV show Avatar: The Last Airbender.

In 2008, Shyamalan was awarded the Padma Shri by the government of India.

Kehidupan peribadi 
In 1993, Shyamalan married Indian psychologist Bhavna Vaswani, a fellow student whom he met at NYU and with whom he has two daughters. The family resides on a sprawling estate in Willistown, Pennsylvania, near Shyamalan's usual shooting site of Philadelphia. His production company, Blinding Edge Pictures is located in Berwyn, PA.

Filemografi 
 Praying with Anger
 Wide Awake
 The Sixth Sense
 Unbreakable
 Signs
 The Village
 Lady in the Water
 The Happening
 The Last Airbender
 Devil

Televisyen

Saluran Sci-Fi 
In 2004, Shyamalan was involved in a media hoax with the then Sci-Fi Channel, which was eventually uncovered by the press. Sci-Fi claimed in its "documentary" special — The Buried Secret of M. Night Shyamalan, shot on the set of The Village — that Shyamalan was legally dead for nearly a half-hour while drowned in a frozen pond in a childhood accident, and that upon being rescued he had experiences of communicating with spirits, fueling an obsession with the supernatural. The Sci-Fi Channel also claimed that Shyamalan had grown "sour" when the "documentary" filmmakers' questions got too personal, and had therefore withdrawn from participating and threatened to sue the filmmakers.

In truth, Shyamalan developed the hoax with Sci-Fi, going so far as having Sci-Fi staffers sign non disclosure agreements with a $5-million fine attached and requiring Shyamalan's office to formally approve each step. Neither the childhood accident nor the supposed rift with the filmmakers ever occurred. The hoax included a non-existent Sci-Fi publicist, "David Westover", whose name appeared on press releases regarding the special. Sci-Fi also fed false news stories to the Associated Press and Zap2It.com, among others. A New York Post news item, based on a Sci Fi press release, referred to Shyamalan's attorneys threatening to sue the filmmakers; the attorneys named were non-existent.

After an AP reporter confronted Sci-Fi Channel president Bonnie Hammer at a press conference, Hammer admitted the hoax, saying it was part of a guerrilla marketing campaign to generate pre-release publicity for The Village. This prompted Sci-Fi's parent company, NBC Universal, to state that the undertaking was "not consistent with our policy at NBC. We would never intend to offend the public or the press and we value our relationship with both." Other critics have since deemed viewers to be victim of a somewhat 'cheap' promotional trick that went too far.

Rujukan

Pautan Luar 

M. Night Shyamalan Online
2006 M. Night Shyamalan interview (Interview with Jon Niccum)
Interview with Rajeev Masand on CNN-IBN/ibnlive.com
M. Night Shyamalan Interview at www.sci-fi-online.com
2010 M. Night Shyamalan Time Magazine Interview 

Kelahiran 1970
Orang hidup
Pengarah filem Amerika Syarikat
Warganegara naturalisasi Amerika Syarikat
Orang Hindu