Klorokuin

{{Infobox drug
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 459442331
| drug_name         =
| INN               =
| type              = 
| image = Chloroquine.svg
| width = 200
| alt               =
| image2 = Chloroquine 3D structure.png
| width2 = 180
| alt2              =
| caption           =

| pronounce =  
| tradename = Aralen, lainnyo
| Drugs.com = 
| MedlinePlus       =
| licence_CA        = 
| licence_EU        = 
| DailyMedID = Chloroquine
| licence_US = Chloroquine
| pregnancy_AU      = 
| pregnancy_AU_comment =
| pregnancy_US      = 
| pregnancy_US_comment =
| pregnancy_category=
| dependency_liability =
| addiction_liability =
| routes_of_administration =
| class             =
| ATCvet            =
| ATC_prefix = P01
| ATC_suffix = BA01
| ATC_supplemental  =

| legal_AU = 
| legal_AU_comment =
| legal_BR =  
| legal_BR_comment =
| legal_CA = 
| legal_CA_comment =
| legal_DE = 
| legal_DE_comment =
| legal_NZ = 
| legal_NZ_comment =
| legal_UK = P
| legal_UK_comment =
| legal_US = Rx-only
| legal_US_comment =
| legal_UN = 
| legal_UN_comment =
| legal_status      = 

| bioavailability   =
| protein_bound     =
| metabolism = Liver
| metabolites       =
| onset             =
| elimination_half-life = 1-2 bulan
| duration_of_action =
| excretion         =

| CAS_number_Ref = 
| CAS_number = 54-05-7
| CAS_supplemental  =
| PubChem = 2719
| IUPHAR_ligand = 5535
| DrugBank_Ref = 
| DrugBank = DB00608
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = 
| ChemSpiderID = 2618
| UNII_Ref = 
| UNII = 886U3H6UFF
| KEGG_Ref = 
| KEGG = D02366
| ChEBI_Ref = 
| ChEBI = 3638
| ChEMBL_Ref = 
| ChEMBL = 76
| NIAID_ChemDB = 000733
| PDB_ligand        =
| synonyms = Chloroquine phosphate

| IUPAC_name = (RS)-N-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)-N,N-diethyl-pentane-1,4-diamine
| C=18 | H=26 | Cl=1 | N=3
| molecular_weight = 319,872
| SMILES = Clc1cc2nccc(c2cc1)NC(C)CCCN(CC)CC
| Jmol              =
| StdInChI_Ref = 
| StdInChI = 1S/C18H26ClN3/c1-4-22(5-2)12-6-7-14(3)21-17-10-11-20-18-13-15(19)8-9-16(17)18/h8-11,13-14H,4-7,12H2,1-3H3,(H,20,21)
| StdInChI_comment  =
| StdInChIKey_Ref = 
| StdInChIKey = WHTVZRBIWZFKQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| density           =
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}}Klorokuin''' adolah ubek nan biaso dipakai untuak maubek malaria di daerah nan masih sensitif jo efeknyo. Babarapo jinih malaria ataupun babarapo daerah alah resisten (indak sensitif; indak manjua) jo ubek ko sainggo paralu ubek lain. Indonesia surang dilaporkan alah resistensi klorokuin dalam maubek malaria. Salain untuak malaria, ubek ko baguno juo untuak amebiasis (infeksi amuba) di lua usus, rematoid artritis (rematik), jo lupus. Untuak ibu hamil, ubek ko relatif aman. Pado taun 2020, ubek ko ditaliti juo sabagai ubek COVID-19.

 Indikasi 

Klorokuin alah lamo dipakai untuak maubek sarato maambek malaria dari jinih Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, jo Plasmodium malariae. Namun, di daerah tatantu ubek ko indak dipakai walau dek malaria jinih tasabuik dek alah indak manjua (resisten) sainggo tiok daerah nan endemis malaria paralu rutin mamareso kaefektifan ubek ko. Salain itu CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention'') marekomendasikan untuak indak lai manggunokan klorokuin sacaro tungga, tapimusti dikombinasikan jo ubek lain supayo efektif.

Salain untuak malaria, klorokuin dapek dipakai untuak maubek panyakik lainnyo, cando amebiasis jo panyakik rematik. Pado amebiasis atau infeksi dek parasit amuba, klorokuin manjadi piliahan katiko ubek metronidazol atau nan sagolongan jo inyo indak efektif salamo limo ari. Samantaro pado panyakik rematik, klorokuin sacaro ringan dapek manakan sistem imun nan bakarajo sacaro bakalabiahan.

Efek sampiang 
Efek sampiang nan didapek dari klorokuin di antaronyo mato buram, mual, muntah, paruik managang, sakik kapalo, mancoro, bangkak di kaki, sasak angok, kulik pucek, lamah otot, pardarahan, gangguan pandangaran jo jiwa. Klorokuin juo dapek mamunculkan raso sarupo paik sarupo logam di lidah sarato kalainan irama jantuang sarupo datak jantuang malambek inggo gagal jantuang. Dapek pulo tajadi kakurangan komponen darah sainggo pamakaian ubek ko paralu pamantauan dotor.

Pado ibu nan manganduang, ubek ko indak manunjuakan potensi bahayo pado janin nan dikanduang sainggo masih dapek diagiah sabagai ubek paambek malaria. Adopulo sajumlah kaciak klorokuin nan kalua malalui aia susu ibu. Walau baitu, masih aman untuak anak.

Panalitian kini ko 
Pado akhia bulan Januari 2020, panaliti Cino manyimpulkan baso pado panalitiannyo klorokuin nampaknyo cukui maambek efek buruak dari virus SARS-CoV-2 virus. Otoritas kasihatan di Cino, Korea Selatan, jo Italia marekomendasikan panggunoannyo pado pasien untuak maubek sacaro eksperimental. Dilaporkan juo baso ubek ko dikontraindikasikan pado pasien jo gangguan jantuang atau diabetes.

Rujuakan 

Ubek
Malaria