Mencawak

Mencawak, menyawak, nyambik utawa slira/salira (Varanus), yaiku kadhal gedhé asli saka Afrika, Asia lan Oséania. Nanging saik uga tinemu ing Amérika minangka spésiès invasif. Ana 79 spésiès kang saiki wis kenali.

Wedharan 
Mencawak kalebu jinis kadhal kang gedhé, duwé gulu kang dawa, buntut lan cakar kang rosa. Dawané saka 20 cm nganti luwi saka 3 m mligi tumrap menyawak komodho. Déné jinis Varanus priscus kang wus cures malah luwih saka 7 m. Akéh jinis mencawak kang karnivora kanthi mangan gegremet, urang-urangan, endhog, rèptil cilik, iwak lan mamalia cilik. Akéh-akéhé mencawak mangan kéwan invertebrata nalika isih nom, déné sawisé diwasa mangan kéwan vertebrata. Menyawak komodho diwasa, jinis menyawak kang paling gedhé luwih saka 50% pangané rupa kidang. Déné 3 spésiès mencawak saka Filipina kang urip ing wit, yaiku Varanus bitatawa, Varanus mabitang, lan Varanus olivaceus mung mangan woh-wohan. Racaké mencawak urip dhéwé, nanging uga bisa urip ing kelompok nganti cacah 25 ing ékosistem kang larang banyu.

Spésiès 

Génus Varanus
Spqcixs kang ditengeri  ateges wis cures

Subgénus Empagusia:
 V. bengalensis
 V. dumerilii
 V. flavescens
 V. nebulosus
 V. rudicollis

Subgénus Euprepiosaurus:

 V. beccarii
 V. boehmei
 V. caerulivirens
 V. cerambonensis
 V. doreanus
 V. finschi
 V. indicus
 V. jobiensis
 V. juxtindicus
 V. keithhornei
 V. kordensis
 V. macraei
 V. melinus
 V. lirungensis
 V. obor
 V. prasinus
 V. rainerguentheri
 V. reisingeri 
 V. spinulosus
 V. semotus
 V. telenesetes
 V. zugorum

Subgénus Odatria:
 V. acanthurus
 V. a. acanthurus
 V. a. brachyurus
 V. a. insulanicus
 V. auffenbergi
 V. baritji
 V. brevicauda
 V. bushi
 V. caudolineatus
 V. eremius
 V. gilleni
 V. glauerti
 V. glebopalma
 V. hamersleyensis
 V. kingorum
 V. mitchelli
 V. sparnus
 V. storri
 V. s. storri
 V. s. ocreatus
 V. timorensis
 V. tristis
 V. t. orientalis

Subgénus Papusaurus:
 V. salvadorii

Subgénus Philippinosaurus:
 V. bitatawa
 V. mabitang
 V. olivaceus

Subgénus Polydaedalus:
 V. albigularis
 V. a. albigularis
 V. a. angolensis
 V. a. microstictus
 V. exanthematicus
 V. niloticus
 V. ornatus
 V. stellatus

Subgénus Psammosaurus:
 V. griseus
 V. g. griseus
 V. g. caspius
 V. g. koniecznyi
 V. nesterovi

Subgénus Soterosaurus:
 V. bangonorom
 V. cumingi
 V. dalubhasa
 V. marmoratus
 V. nuchalis
 V. palawanensis
 V. rasmusseni 
 V. salvator, Mencawak banyu
 V. s. salvator,
 V. s. andamanensis
 V. s. bivittatus
 V. s. macromaculatus
 V. s. ziegleri

Subgénus †Varaneades:
 †V. amnhophilis

Subgénus Varanus:
 V. giganteus
 V. gouldii
 V. komodoensis, Komodho
 V. mertensi
 V. panoptes
 V. p. panoptes
 V. p. horni
 V. p. rubidus
 †V. priscus(cures)
 V. rosenbergi
 V. spenceri
 V. varius

Rujukan