Pratélan Usada Pokok Modhèl WHO

Pratélan Usada Pokok Modhèl WHO (EML), dibabar déning World Health Organization (WHO), isiné usada-usada sing dianggep paling mempan tur aman tumrap kabutuhan paling ndhasari ing sistem kaséhatan. Pratélan iki asring dicakaké ing manéka nagara minangka dhasaran nalika nggawé pratélan usada pokok sing enggon-enggonan ing nagarané dhéwé-dhéwé. Dhèk taun 2016, 155 nagara punjul wis nggawé pratélan usada pokok nasional sing dhedhasar pratélan modhèl World Health Organization iki. Nagara-nagara sing ngecakaké kalebu nagara-nagara maju saha nagara-nagara tumuwuh.

Pratélan iki dipérang dadi barang-barang inti lan barang-barang lelengkap. Éwoning barang-barang inti iku ingaran sing paling mujarab kanggo ngatasi masalah kaséhatan lan bisa dicakaké kanthi tambahan sumber daya layanan kaséhatan sing minimal. Éwadéné, éwoning barang-barang lelengkap mbutuhaké infrastruktur tambahan kaya ta juru awèh layanan kaséhatan sing digladhi mirunggan utawa piranti dhiagnostik utawa duwé rasio béya-bathi sing cilik. Pratélan lelengkap nglimputi watara 25% barang ing pratélan iki. Sawenèh usada kagolong becik ing pratélan inti uga ing pratélan lelengkap. Sanadyan kèh-kèhé usada ing pratélan iku weton gènerik, ana ing pangayomané patèn ora ateges ngejabakaké inklusi.

Pratélané pisanan dibabar taun 1977 lan macak usada cacah 212. WHO banjur nganyari pratélané mbaka rong taun. Pratélan sing kaping 14 dibabar taun 2005 lan macak usada cacah 306. Ing taun 2015, èdhisi kaping 19 dibabar lan macak watara 410 usada. Èdhisi kaping 20 dirancang babaré ing taun 2017. Pratélan-pratélan nasional macak watara 334 lan 580 usada.

Pratélan sing ndhèwèki diyasa kanggo bocah umur tekan 12 taun, ingaran Pratélan Usada Pokok kanggo Bocah Modhèl WHO (EMLc). Pratélan iki diripta taun 2007 lan saiki wis nyadhak èdhisi kaping 5. Pratélan iki digawé kanggo minangkani butuhé bocah kanthi cumepaké formulasi sing trep. Samubarang sing ana ing pratélan kanggo bocah iku uga kapacak ing pratélan pokok. Pratélan kanggo bocah dalah cathetané iku dhedhasar èdhisi kaping 19 pratélan pokok. Simbul α mratandhani yèn sawijining usada mung kapacak ing pratélan lelengkap.

Anèstètik

Anèstètik umum lan oksigèn

Usada inhalasi 
 Halotan
 Isofluran
 Oksidha nitro
 Oksigèn

Usada suntik 
 Kétamin
 Propofol

Anèstètik enggon-enggonan 
 Bupivakain
 Lidhokain
 Lidhokain/épinéfrin
 Éfédrin (dudu anèstètik enggon-enggonan, kalebu ing pratélan iki awit kanggo panyegah wewesan getih sing asor sing gegayutan karo anèstèsi spinal nalika operasi sésar)

Usada praoperasi lan sédasi tumrap prosedhur kala-cendhak 
 Atropin
 Midhazolam
 Morfin

Usada kanggo lara lan pangrumat paliatif

Nonopioid lan usada anti-inflamasi nonstéroid (NSAIDs) 

 Asem asètilsalisilat (aspirin)
 Ibuprofèn
 Parasétamol (asétaminofèn)

Analgèsik opioid 
 Kodhéin
 Morfin

Usada tumrap tandha-tandha umum liyané babagan pangrumat paliatif 
 Amitriptilin
 Siklizin
 Dhéksamétason
 Dhiazépam
 Sodhiyum dhokusat
 Fluoksètin
 Halopéridhol
 Butilbromid hioskin
 Hidrobromid hioskin
 Laktulos
 Lopéramid
 Métoklopramid
 Midhazolam
 Ondhansétron
 Sénna

Antialèrgi lan usada tumrap anafilaksis 
 Dhéksamétason
 Épinéfrin (adrénalin)
 Hidrokortison
 Loratadhin
 Prédnisolon

Antidhot (panawa) lan dat liyané tumrap karacunan

Ora mirunggan 
 Karbon aktif

Mirunggan 
 Asétilsistéin
 Atropin
 Glukonat kalsiyum
 Klorid mètiltioninium (biru mètilèn)
 Nalokson
 Pénisilamin
 Biru prusia
 Nitrit sodhiyum
 Tiosulfat sodhium
 Dhéféroksamin
 Dhimérsaprol
 Fomépizol
 Édhétat kalsiyum sodhiyum
 Saksimer

Usada antikonvulsi 
 Karbamazépin
 Dhiazépam
 Lorazépam
 Sulfat magnésiyum
 Fénobarbital
 Fénitoin
 Asem valporat (valporat sodhiyum)
 Éthosuksimid

Usada antiinfèksi

Antihèlmintik (obat cacing)

Antihèlmintik usus 

 Albèndhazol
 Lévamisol
 Mébéndhazol
 Niklosamid
 Prazikuwantèl
 Prantèl

Antifilarial 
 Albéndhazol
 Dhiètilkarbamazin
 Ivèrmèktin

Antiskistosomal lan usada antinématod liyané 
 Prazikuwantèl
 Triklabéndhazol
 Oksamnikuwin

Antibiotik

Usada béta laktam 
 Amoksisilin
 Amoksisilin/asem klavulan (amoksisilin + asem klavulan)
 Ampisilin
 Bènzilpénisilin bènzatin
 Bènzilpénisilin
 Séfalèksin
 Séfazolin
 Séfiksim
 Séftriakson
 Kloksasilin
 Fénoksimétilpénisilin (pénisilin V)
 Bènzilpénisilin prokain
 Séfotaksim
 Sèftazidhim
 Imipénèm/silastatin

Antibaktèri liyané 
 Azitromisin
 Kloramfénisol
 Siprofloksasin
 Klaritromisin
 Dhoksisiklin
 Èritromisin
 Géntamisin
 Métronidhazol
 Nitrofurantoin
 Spèktinomisin
 Trimétoprim/sulfamétoksazol
 Trimétoprim
 Slindhamisin
 Vankomisin

Usada antilèprosi 
 Klofazimin
 Dhapson
 Rifampisin

Usada antituberkulosis 

 Étambutol
 Étambutol/isoniazid (étambutol + isoniazid)
 Étambutol/isoniazid/pirazinamid/rifampisin (étambutol + isoniazid + pirazinamid + rifampisin)
 Étambutol/isoniazid/rifampisin (étambutol + isoniazid + rifampisin)
 Isoniazid
 Isoniazid/pirazinamid/rifampisin (isoniazid + pirazinamid + rifampisin)
 Isoniazid/rifampicin (isoniazid + rifampisin)
 Pirazinamid
 Rifabutin
 Rifampisin
 Rifapèntin
 Amikasin
 Bédhakuwilin
 Kapréomisin
 Siklosérin
 Dhélamanid
 Ètionamid
 Kanamisin
 Lévofloksasin
 Linézolid
 Asem p-aminosalisilik
 Strèptomisin

Usada antijamur 
 Amfotérisin B
 Klotrimazol
 Flukonazol
 Flusitosin
 Griséofulvin
 Nistatin
 Iodid potasiyum

Usada antivirus

Usada antihèrpes 
 Asiklovir

Antirétrovirus

Inhibitor transkriptase balik nukléyosid/nukléyotid 
 Abakavir (ABC)
 Lamivudhin (3TC)
 Stavudhin (d4T)
 Fumarat dhisoproksil ténofovir (TDF)
 Zidhovudhin (ZDV or AZT)

Inhibitor transkriptase balik non-nukléyosid 
 Efavirenz (EGV or EFZ)
 Nevirapine (NVP)

Inhibitor protase 

 Atazanavir
 Darunavir
 Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)
 Ritonavir
 Saquinavir (SQV)
 Gabungan dhosis ajeg 
 Abacavir/lamivudine (abacavir + lamivudine)
 Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir
 Emtricitabine/tenofovir
 Lamivudine/nevirapine/stavudine
 Lamivudine/nevirapine/zidovudine
 Lamivudine/zidovudine

Antivirus liyané 
 Osèltamivir
 Ribavirin
 Valgansiklovir

Usada antihépatitis

Usada tumrap hépatitis B 
Inhibitor transkriptase walik nukléosid/nukléotid
 Èntekavir
 Fumarat dhisoproksil ténofovir (TDF)

Usada tumrap hépatitis C 
Inhibitor polimérase nukléotid
 Sofosbuvir
Inhibitor protéase
 Simeprévir
Inhibitor NS5A
 Dhaklatasvir
Inhibitor polimérase non-nukléosid
 Dhasabuvir
Antivirus liyané
 Ribavirin
 Interféron-alfa-2a pégilasi utawa interféron-alfa-2b pégilasi
Gabungan dhosis ajeg
 Lédhipasvir/sofosbuvir
 Ombitasvir/paritaprévir/ritonavir

Usada antiprotozoa

Usada antiamoéba lan antigiardhiasis 
 Dhiloksanid
 Métronidhazol

Usada antiléismaniasis 
 Amfotérisin B
 Miltéfosin
 Paromomisin
 Stiboglukonat sodhium utawa antimoniat méglumin

Usada antimalaria

Minangka tamba kuratif 
 Amodiaquine
 Artemether
 Artemether/lumefantrine
 Artesunate
 Artesunate/amodiaquine
 Artesunate/mefloquine
 Chloroquine
 Doxycycline
 Mefloquine
 Primaquine
 Quinine
 Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine

Kanggo panyegah 
 Chloroquine
 Doxycycline
 Mefloquine
 Proguanil

Usada antipnéumosistosis lan antitoksoplasmosis 
 Pyrimethamine
 Sulfadiazine
 Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
 Pentamidine

Usada antitripanosom

Tripanosomiasis afrika 
 Tataran angka 1 
 Pentamidine
 Suramin sodium
 Tataran angka 2 
 Eflornithine
 Melarsoprol
 Nifurtimox

Tripanosomiasis amérika 
 Benznidazole
 Nifurtimox

Usaga antimigrèn

Serangan akut 
 Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin)
 Ibuprofen
 Paracetamol

Panyegah 
 Propranolol

Antinéoplastik lan imunosuprèsif

Usada imunosuprèsif 
 Azathioprine
 Ciclosporin

Usada adjuvan lan sitotoksik 
 All-trans retinoic acid (trétinoin)
 Allopurinol
 Asparaginase
 Bendamustine
 Bleomycin
 Calcium folinate
 Capecitabine
 Carboplatin
 Chlorambucil
 Cisplatin
 Cyclophosphamide
 Cytarabine
 Dacarbazine
 Dactinomycin
 Daunorubicin
 Docetaxel
 Doxorubicin
 Etoposide
 Fludarabine
 Fluorouracil
 Filgrastim
 Gemcitabine
 Hydroxycarbamide
 Ifosfamide
 Imatinib
 Irinotecan
 Mercaptopurine
 Mesna
 Methotrexate
 Oxaliplatin
 Paclitaxel
 Procarbazine
 Rituximab
 Thioguanine
 Trastuzumab
 Vinblastine
 Vincristine
 Vinorelbine

Hormon lan antihormon 
 Anastrozole
 Bicalutamide
 Dexamethasone
 Hydrocortisone
 Leuprorelin
 Methylprednisolone
 Prednisolone
 Tamoxifen

Usada antiparkinson 
 Biperiden
 Carbidopa/levodopa (levodopa + carbidopa)

Usada sing mrabawani getih

Usada antianémia 
 Ferrous salt
 Ferrous salt/folic acid
 Folic acid
 Hydroxocobalamin

Usada sing njalari koagulasi 
 Enoxaparin
 Heparin sodium
 Phytomenadione
 Protamine sulfate
 Tranexamic acid
 Warfarin
 Desmopressin

Usada liyané tumrap hémoglobinopati 
 Deferoxamine
 Hydroxycarbamide

Wetoné getih lan gegantèn plasma sing asalé saka manungsa

Getih lan komponèn getih 

 Fresh frozen plasma
 Platelet concentrates
 Packed red blood cells
 Whole blood

Usada tumurun saka plasma

Imunoglobulin manungsa 
 Rho(D) immune globulin
 Anti-rabies immunoglobulin
 Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin
 Human normal immunoglobulin

Faktor koagulasi getih 
 Coagulation factor VIII
 Coagulation factor IX

Gantiné plasma 
 Dextran 70

Usada kardhiovaskular

Usada antiangina 
 Bisoprolol
 Glyceryl trinitrate
 Isosorbide dinitrate
 Verapamil

Usada antiaritmik 
 Bisoprolol
 Digoxin
 Epinephrine (adrenaline)
 Lidocaine
 Verapamil
 Amiodarone

Usada antihipertènsi 
 Amlodipine
 Bisoprolol
 Enalapril
 Hydralazine
 Hydrochlorothiazide
 Methyldopa
 Sodium nitroprusside

Usada tumrap gagal jantung 
 Bisoprolol
 Digoxin
 Enalapril
 Furosemide
 Hydrochlorothiazide
 Spironolactone
 Dopamine

Usada antitrombotik

Usada antiplatelèt 
 Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
 Clopidogrel

Usada trombolitik 
 Streptokinase

Agèn pangasor lipid 
 Simvastatin

Dhèrmatologis (topikal)

Usada antijamur 
 Miconazole
 Selenium sulfide
 Sodium thiosulfate
 Terbinafine

Usada antiinfèksi 
 Mupirocin
 Potassium permanganate
 Silver sulfadiazine

Usada antiinflamasi lan antipruritik 
 Betamethasone
 Calamine
 Hydrocortisone

Usada sing mrabawani diferensiasi lan proliferasi kulit 
 Benzoyl peroxide
 Coal tar
 Fluorouracil
 Podophyllum resin
 Salicylic acid
 Urea

Skabisid lan pédikulisid 
 Benzyl benzoate
 Permethrin

Agèn dhiagnostik

Usada optalmik 
 Fluorescein
 Tropicamide

Médhia radhiokontras 
 Amidotrizoate
 Barium sulfate
 Iohexol
 Meglumine iotroxate

Dhisinfèktan lan antisèptik

Antisèptik 
 Chlorhexidine
 Ethanol
 Povidone iodine

Dhisinfèktan 
 Alcohol based hand rub
 Chlorine base compound
 Chloroxylenol
 Glutaral

Dhiurètik 
 Amiloride
 Furosemide
 Hydrochlorothiazide
 Mannitol
 Spironolactone

Usada gastrointèstinal 
 Pancreatic enzymes

Usada antiulkus 
 Omeprazole
 Ranitidine

Usada antimutah 
 Dexamethasone
 Metoclopramide
 Ondansetron

Usada antiinflamasi 
 Sulfasalazine
 Hydrocortisone

Laksatif 
 Senna

Usada tumrap dhiaré

Réhidrasi oral 
 Oral rehydration salts

Usada tumrap dhiaré ing bocah 
 Zinc sulfate

Hormon, usada éndhokrin liyané, lan kontrasèpsi

Hormon adrénal lan gegantèn sintètik 
 Fludrocortisone
 Hydrocortisone

Androgèn 
 Testosterone

Kontrasèpsi

Kontrasèpsi hormonal oral 
 Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel
 Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone
 Levonorgestrel

Kontrasèpsi hormonal suntik 
 Estradiol cypionate/medroxyprogesterone acetate
 Medroxyprogesterone acetate
 Norethisterone enantate

Piranti intrauterus 
 IUD with copper
 IUD with progestogen

Metodhe palang 
 Condoms
 Diaphragms

Kontrasèpsi implan 
 Etonogestrel—releasing implant
 Levonorgestrel—releasing implant

Kontrasèpsi intravagina 
 Progesterone vaginal ring

Insulin lan usada liyané tumrap dhiabètes 
 Gliclazide
 Glucagon
 Insulin injection (soluble)
 Intermediate-acting insulin
 Metformin

Indhuser ovulasi 
 Clomifene

Progèstogèn 
 Medroxyprogesterone acetate

Hormon tiroid lan usada antitiroid 
 Levothyroxine
 Potassium iodide
 Propylthiouracil
 Lugol's solution

Usada imunologi

Agèn dhiagnostik 
 Tuberculin, purified protéin derivative (PPD)

Séra lan usada imunoglobulin 
 Antivenom immunoglobulin
 Diphtheria antitoxin

Vaksin 

 BCG vaccine
 Cholera vaccine
 Diphtheria vaccine
 Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
 Hepatitis A vaccine
 Hepatitis B vaccine
 HPV vaccine
 Influenza vaccine
 Japanese encephalitis vaccine
 Measles vaccine
 Meningococcal meningitis vaccine
 Mumps vaccine
 Pertussis vaccine
 Pneumococcal vaccine
 Poliomyelitis vaccine
 Rabies vaccine
 Rotavirus vaccine
 Rubella vaccine
 Tetanus vaccine
 Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine
 Typhoid vaccine
 Varicella vaccine
 Yellow fever vaccine

Panglemes otot (tumindak pèrifèr) lan kolinèstérase 
 Atracurium
 Neostigmine
 Suxamethonium
 Vecuronium
 Pyridostigmine

Pangupakara nétra

Agèn antiinfèksi 
 Aciclovir
 Azithromycin
 Gentamicin
 Ofloxacin
 Tetracycline

Agèn antiinflamasi 
 Prednisolone

Anèstètik enggon-enggonan 
 Tetracaine

Usada miotik lan antiglaukoma 
 Acetazolamide
 Latanoprost
 Pilocarpine
 Timolol

Usada midriatik 
 Atropine
 Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Faktor tuwuhé éndhotélial antivaskular (VEGF) 
 Bevacizumab

Usada oksitosik lan antioksitosik

Usada oksitosik lan abortifasièn 
 Ergometrine
 Misoprostol
 Oxytocin
 Mifepristone used with misoprostol

Usada antioksitosik (tokolitik) 
 Nifedipine

Solusi dhialisis péritonéal 
 Intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition)

Usada tumrap gangguan pikir lan patrap

Usada tumrap gangguan psikotik 
 Chlorpromazine
 Fluphenazine
 Haloperidol
 Risperidone
 Clozapine

Usada tumrap gangguan swasana ati

Usada tumrap gangguan dhéprèsif 
 Amitriptyline
 Fluoxetine

Usada tumrap gangguan bipolar 
 Carbamazepine
 Lithium
 Valproic acid (sodium valproate)

Usada tumrap gangguan pangrudatin 
 Diazepam

Usada tumrap gangguan obsèsif kompulsif 
 Clomipramine

Usada tumrap gangguan amarga panganggoné dat psikoaktif 
 Nicotine replacement therapy
 Methadone

Usada sing tumindak ing saluran ambegan

Antiasma lan usada tumrap lelara paru-paru obstuktif kronik 
 Beclometasone
 Budesonide
 Epinephrine (adrenaline)
 Ipratropium bromide
 Salbutamol (albuterol)

Larudan kanggo ndandani gangguan banyu, èlèktrolit, lan asem-basa

Oral 
 Oral rehydration salts
 Potassium chloride

Parèntéral 
 Glucose
 Glucose with sodium chloride
 Potassium chloride
 Sodium chloride
 Sodium hydrogen carbonate
 Sodium lactate, compound solution

Liya-liyané 
 Water for injection

Vitamin lan mineral 
 Ascorbic acid
 Calcium
 Cholecalciferol
 Ergocalciferol
 Iodine
 Nicotinamide
 Pyridoxine
 Retinol
 Riboflavin
 Sodium fluoride
 Thiamine
 Calcium gluconate

Usada kuping, irung, lan telak tumrap bocah 
 Acetic acid
 Budesonide
 Ciprofloxacin
 Xylometazoline

Usada mirunggan tumrap pangrumat néonatal

Usada kawènèhaké marang néonatus 
 Caffeine citrate
 Chlorhexidine
 Ibuprofen
 Prostaglandin E
 Prostaglandin E1
 Prostaglandin E2
 Surfactant

Usada kawènèhaé marang ibu 
 Dexamethasone

Usada tumrap lelara gegelan

Usada tumrap éncok 
 Allopurinol

Agèn modhifikasi lelara ing gangguan réumatoid 
 Chloroquine
 Azathioprine
 Hydroxychloroquine
 Methotrexate
 Penicillamine
 Sulfasalazine

Lelara gegelan ing bocah enom 
 Aspirin

Cathetan 
 An α indicates the medicine is only on the complementary list. For these items specialized diagnostic or monitoring or specialist training are needed. An item may also be listed as complementary on the basis of higher costs or a less attractive cost-benefit ratio.

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