Opuntia

Opuntia, uga ditepungi minangka nopales utawa kaktus dayung (pirsani ing ngisor), iku génus ing famili kaktus, Cactaceae.

Saiki, mung pir eri sing kalebu sajeroning génus iki watara 200 spésies disebaraké ing mèh kabèh Amérika. Chollas saiki dipisahaké sajeroning génus Cylindropuntia, sing sapérangan isih nimbang subgenus saka Opuntia. Austrocylindropuntia, Corynopuntia lan Micropuntia uga asring dilebokaké sajeroning génus iki, nanging kaya Cylindropuntia dhèwèké katoné béda cukup becik. Brasiliopuntia lan Miqueliopuntia iku kerabat cerak saka Opuntia.

Tuwuhing cawang Pir Eri

Spesies pilihan
Opuntia hibrida gampang antar spésies. Iki bisa njalari angèl anggoné klasifikasi.  Uga, ora kabèh spésies sing kadhaftar ing kéné mungel sajatiné kalebu génus iki.

 Opuntia aciculata
 Opuntia anacantha
 Opuntia atrispina
 Opuntia auberi
 Opuntia aurantiaca
 Opuntia basilaris – kaktus beavertail
 Opuntia bigelovii – Teddybear cholla, jumping cholla
 Opuntia boldinghii
 Opuntia chaffeyi
 Opuntia chlorotica – Pancake Prickly Pear; asli USA kidul-kulon lan Sonoran lan ara-ara Mojave.
 Opuntia clavata
 Opuntia cochenillifera
 Opuntia comonduensis
 Opuntia compressa
 Opuntia curvospina
 Opuntia decumana
 Opuntia decumbens – Nopal de Culebra
 Opuntia dejecta
 Opuntia echinocarpa
 Opuntia echios
 Opuntia echios var. gigantea – Galápagos prickly pear. Kapoloan Galápagos.
 Opuntia elata Opuntia elatior Mill. – sinonim O. bergeriana Opuntia engelmannii – Engelmann's Prickly Pear, Cow's-tongue Prickly Pear, Desert Prickly Pear, Discus Prickly Pear, Texas Prickly Pear, kaktus belacu
 Opuntia erinacea Opuntia exaltata Opuntia excelsa Opuntia ficus-barbarica Opuntia ficus-indica – Indian Fig Opuntia
 Opuntia fragilis – Little Prickly Pear, brittle cactus. Ditemokaké ing Great Plains lan saadoh-adohé kulon British Columbia.
 Opuntia galapageia Opuntia gosseliniana – Violet Prickly Pear
 Opuntia gosseliniana var. santa-rita – Santa Rita Prickly Pear
 Opuntia helleri Opuntia hickenii Opuntia humifusa – Eastern Prickly Pear (sok-sok kalebu ing O. compressa)
 Opuntia hyptiacantha Opuntia imbricata – Tree cholla
 Opuntia inamoema K. Schum. – quipá Opuntia insularis Opuntia invicta Opuntia jamaicensis Opuntia laevis Opuntia lasiacantha Opuntia leptocaulis – Kaktus potelot, Kaktus natal ara-ara
 Opuntia leucotricha – Arborescent Prickly Pear, Aaron's beard cactus, semaphore cactus, Duraznillo blanco, Nopal blanco Opuntia lindheimeri – Cowtongue Prickly Pear
 Opuntia littoralis – Sprawling Prickly Pear
 Opuntia longispina Opuntia macrocentra – Black-spine Prickly Pear, Purple Prickly Pear. Ditemokaké kidul-kulon USA lan Meksiko lor.
 Opuntia macrorhiza – Plains Prickly Pear. Ditemokaké ing kabèh Great Plains kejaba kanggo laladan lor (ora tinemu Dakota Lor), lan mawiyar kanthi sporadis mangétan tekan Kentucky. Sinonim O. leptocarpa MacKensen, O. tenuispina Engelm., O. tortispina Engelm. & Bigelow
 Opuntia maldonandensis Opuntia maxima Opuntia megacantha Opuntia megarrhiza Opuntia megasperma Opuntia microdasys – Kaktus kuping klinci, Kaktus polka-dot
 Opuntia monacantha – Common Prickly Pear
 Opuntia oricola Opuntia ovata Opuntia pachypus Opuntia pachyrrhiza Opuntia phaeacantha – Tulip Prickly Pear. Klebu Plateau Prickly Pear, Brown-spined Prickly Pear, Mojave Prickly Pear, Kingman Prickly Pear.
 Opuntia pinkavae – Pinkava's Prickly Pear
 Opuntia polyacantha – Panhandle Prickly Pear. Ditemokaké ing Great Plains, Great Basin, Mojave Desert, Colorado Plateau, lan ing Rocky Mountains. Sinonim. O. rhodantha K.Schum.
 Opuntia polyacantha var. arenaria (sinonim O. erinacea)
 Opuntia pubescens (sinonim O. pascoensis Britton & Rose)
 Opuntia pusilla – Creeping cactus. Sinonim. O. drummondii Graham
 Opuntia quitensis – Red Buttons Opuntia (sinonim O. macbridei, O. johnsonii, Platyopuntia quitensis)
 Opuntia rastrera
 Opuntia repens

 Opuntia robusta
 Opuntia rufida (sok-sok kalebu sajeroning O. microdasys)
 Opuntia saxicola
 Opuntia schumannii
 Opuntia soehrensii
 Opuntia stenopetala (sinonim O. riviereana Backeb.)
 Opuntia streptacantha
 Opuntia stricta – Erect Prickly Pear, Spineless Prickly Pear, Coastal Prickly Pear
 Opuntia subulata – tinemu ing Amérika Kidul
 Opuntia sulphurea
 Opuntia taylori
 Opuntia tehuantepecana – Nopal de Caballo
 Opuntia tomentosa – Woollyjoint Prickly Pear
 Opuntia triacantha
 Opuntia tuna
 Opuntia velutina
 Opuntia violacea

Opuntia biyèn
 Austrocylindropuntia
 Brasiliopuntia
 Corynopuntia
 Cylindropuntia
 Disocactus phyllanthoides (minangka Opuntia speciosa)
 Micropuntia
 Miqueliopuntia

Pirsani uga
Pir eri ing Australia

Cathetan sikil

Réferènsi

  (1995): The bug that changed history. Boatman's Quarterly Rreview 8(2). HTML fulltext 
  (2000): Effects of Opuntia megacantha on blood glucose and kidney function in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 69(3): 247–252.  PMID 10722207 (HTML abstract)
  (2002): Taxonomy, distribution, rarity status and uses of Canadian Cacti. Haseltonia 9: 17–25 Google Scholar PDF abstract 
  (1983): Effects of nopal (Opuntia sp.) on serum lipids, glycemia and body weight. Archivos de investigacion medica 14(2): 117–125. PMID 6314922 [Article in English, Spanish]
  (1995): Ayahuasca Additive Plants. In: Ayahuasca Analogues: Pangaean Entheogens.
  (2005): Interventions for preventing or treating alcohol hangover: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Brit. Med. J. 331(7531): 1515–1518.  PMID 16373736 PDF fulltext
  (1988): Natural Enemies of Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus Costa): Importance in Mexico. Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development 3: 43–49. PDF fulltext 
  (1998): Glycemic Effects of Various Species of Nopal (Opuntia sp.) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Texas Journal of Rural Health 16(1): 68–76.
  (1997): Visionary Cactus Guide: Opunita  [sic]. Retrieved 2007-OCT-15.
  (2004): Effect of Opuntia ficus indica [sic] on Symptoms of the Alcohol Hangover. Arch. Intern. Med. 164(12): 1334–1340. PDF fulltext

Pranala njaba 

 Opuntiads of the USA
 Eating the Prickly Pear
Arizona Salvage Restricted Protected Native Plants (AZ Dept. of Agriculture) 

Kaktus
 
Kaktus Amérikah Sarékat
Kaktus Mèksiko
Kaktus Amérika Kidul
Flora Amérika Kidul
Flora Amérika Tengah
Flora Amérika Lor