Osaka

Ti  (; ) ket ti naidesignado a siudad idiay Rehion ti Kansai ti Hapon. Daytoy ti kapitolio a siudad ti Prepektura ti Osaka ken ti kadakkelan a komponente ti Metropolitano a lugar ti Keihanshin, ti maikadua a kadakkelan a metropolitano a lugar idiay Hapon ken maysa kadagiti kadakkelan iti lubong nga agraman kadagiti sumurok a 19 a riwriw nga agtataeng. Mabirukan iti sabangan ti Karayan Yodo idiay Luek Osaka, ti Osaka ket ti maikadua a kadakkelan a siudad babaen ti populasion ti panawen ti aldaw kalpasan ti dagiti 23 a barrio ti Tokyo ken ti maikatlo a kadakkelan a siudad babaen ti populasion ti panawen tirabii kalpasan dagiti 23 nga espesial a barrrio ti Tokyo ken Yokohama idiay Hapon, ken agserbi a kas sentro ti ekonomia.

Naipakasaritaan daytoy a kas pagtagilakuan a siudad, ti Osaka ket ammon a kas ti  ken nagserbi a kas sentro ti panagtagilako ti bagas idi las-ud ti Paset ti panawen ti Edo.

Dagiti nagibasaran

Adu pay a mabasbasa 
 Gerstle, C. Andrew. Kabuki Heroes on the Osaka Stage 1780-1830 (2005).
 Hanes, Jeffrey. The City as Subject: Seki Hajime and the Reinvention of Modern Osaka (2002) online edition 
 Hauser, William B. "Osaka: a Commercial City in Tokugawa Japan." Urbanism past and Present 1977-1978 (5): 23-36.
 Hein, Carola, et al. Rebuilding Urban Japan after 1945. (2003). 274 pp.
 Hotta, Chisato.  "The Construction of the Korean Community in Osaka between 1920 and 1945: A Cross-Cultural Perspective."  PhD dissertation U. of Chicago 2005. 498 pp.  DAI 2005 65(12): 4680-A. DA3158708  Fulltext: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses
 Lockyer, Angus. "The Logic of Spectacle C. 1970," Art History, Sept 2007, Vol. 30 Issue 4, p571-589, on the international exposition held in 1970
 McClain, James L. and Wakita, Osamu, eds.  Osaka: The Merchants' Capital of Early Modern Japan. (1999). 295 pp.  online edition 
 Michelin Red Guide Kyoto Osaka Kobe 2011 (2011)
 Najita, Tetsuo.  Visions of Virtue in Tokugawa Japan: The Kaitokudo Merchant Academy of Osaka. (1987). 334 pp.  online edition 
 Rimmer, Peter J. "Japan's World Cities: Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya or Tokaido Megalopolis?" Development and Change 1986 17(1): 121-157. 
 Ropke, Ian Martin. Historical Dictionary of Osaka and Kyoto. (1999) 273pp
  Ruble, Blair A.  Second Metropolis: Pragmatic Pluralism in Gilded Age Chicago, Silver Age Moscow, and Meiji Osaka. (2001). 464 pp.
 Torrance, Richard. "Literacy and Literature in Osaka, 1890-1940," The Journal of Japanese Studies 31#1 (Winter 2005), pp. 27–60 in Project Muse

Dagiti akinruar a silpo 

 Opisial a website ti Siudad ti Osaka 
 Opisial a Tarabay ti Turista ti Osaka

 
Dagiti siudad ti Prepektura ti Osaka
Dagiti siudad a naidesignado babaen ti ordinansia ti gobierno ti Hapon