Osaka

An  (; ) saróng pigdesignar na syudad sa Rehiyon Kansai kan Hapon. Kapitolyo syudad ini kan Prepekturang Osaka sin an pinakadakulang nilalaog kan Keihanshin Metropolitan Area na panduwa sa pinakadakulang metropolitan area sa Hapon dangan sa gabos na pinakadakula sa kinában na dae mababa sa 19 milyon na nag-eerok. Nakaposisyon ini sa bunganga kan Salog Yodo sa Suba' nin Osaka, an Osaka an panduwa sa pinakadakulang syudad sa Hapon sa pan'aldaw nin oras na populasyon pagkatapos kan 23 ward kan Tokyo asin pantulo sa pinakadakulang syudad sa pan'banggi nin oras na populasyon pagkatapos kan 23 wards kan Tokyo asin Yokohama, serving as a major economic hub for the country.

Panhistorikal na saróng syudad nin kalakal, bisto man an Osaka bilang  dangan pigseserbi bilang saróng sentro para sa rice trade sa kasagsagan kan Panahon nin Edo.

Mga Toltolan

Mababasa pa lalo 

 Gerstle, C. Andrew. Kabuki Heroes on the Osaka Stage 1780–1830 (2005).
 Hanes, Jeffrey. The City as Subject: Seki Hajime and the Reinvention of Modern Osaka (2002) online edition 
 Hauser, William B. "Osaka: a Commercial City in Tokugawa Japan." Urbanism past and Present 1977–1978 (5): 23–36.
 Hein, Carola, et al. Rebuilding Urban Japan after 1945. (2003). 274 pp.
 Hotta, Chisato.  "The Construction of the Korean Community in Osaka between 1920 and 1945: A Cross-Cultural Perspective."  PhD dissertation U. of Chicago 2005. 498 pp.  DAI 2005 65(12): 4680-A. DA3158708  Fulltext: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses
 Lockyer, Angus. "The Logic of Spectacle C. 1970," Art History, Sept 2007, Vol. 30 Issue 4, p571-589, on the international exposition held in 1970
 McClain, James L. and Wakita, Osamu, eds.  Osaka: The Merchants' Capital of Early Modern Japan. (1999). 295 pp.  online edition 
 Michelin Red Guide Kyoto Osaka Kobe 2011 (2011)
 Najita, Tetsuo.  Visions of Virtue in Tokugawa Japan: The Kaitokudo Merchant Academy of Osaka. (1987). 334 pp.  online edition
 Rimmer, Peter J. "Japan's World Cities: Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya or Tokaido Megalopolis?" Development and Change 1986 17(1): 121–157. 
 Ropke, Ian Martin. Historical Dictionary of Osaka and Kyoto. (1999) 273pp
  Ruble, Blair A.  Second Metropolis: Pragmatic Pluralism in Gilded Age Chicago, Silver Age Moscow, and Meiji Osaka. (2001). 464 pp.
 Torrance, Richard. "Literacy and Literature in Osaka, 1890–1940," The Journal of Japanese Studies 31#1 (Winter 2005), pp. 27–60 in Project Muse

Mga Panluwas na Takod 

 Osaka City official website 
 Official Osaka Tourist Guide
 
 

 
Mga syudad sa Prepekturang Osaka