'''Ice cream''' (derived frae earlier '''iced cream''' or '''cream ice'''<ref>{{cite book|last=Beeton|first=Isabella|authorlink=Isabella Beeton|title=Mrs Beeton's Cookery Book|year=1911|pages=258–60}}</ref>) is a frozen [[dessert]] uisually made frae [[dairy product]]s, sic as milk an cream an eften combined wi fruits or ither ingredients an flavours. Maist varieties contain [[succar]], altho some are made wi ither [[Succar substitute|sweeteners]]. In some cases, airtificial [[seasonin|flavourins]] an [[Fuid colorin|colourins]] are uised in addeetion tae, or insteid o, the naitural ingredients. The mixtur o chosen ingredients is stirred slowly while cuilin, in order tae incorporate air an tae prevent lairge [[ice crystal]]s frae formin. The result is a smuithly textured semi-solit foam that is malleable an can be scooped.

{{fixscots}}
{{unsoorced}}

'''Clouns''' are comic [[performer]]s wha employ [[slapstick]] or seemilar teeps o [[pheesical comedy]], eften in a [[mime airtist|mime]] style.

| birth_place = [[Kuwait Ceety]], [[Kuwait]]
| death_date  =
| death_place =
| religion       = [[Islam]]
}}
'''Queen Rania o Jordan''' ({{lang-ar|رانيا العبد الله}} ''Rānyā al-‘abdu l-Lāh'') (born '''Rania al-Yassin''' on 31 August 1970) is the [[Leet o Jordanian consorts|Queen consort]] o [[Jordan]].

'''''Macbeth''''' {{IPAc-en|m|ə|k|ˈ|b|ɛ|θ}} (full title '''''The Tragedy of Macbeth''''', ''{{lang-sco|The Tragedie o Macbeth}}''<ref name="grading">{{cite web|url = https://www.scottishcorpus.ac.uk/document/?documentid=1672 | publisher = University of Glasgow| website = Scottish Corpus of Texts & Speech | title = SCOTS - The Tragedie o Macbeth | accessdate = 3 October 2020 }}</ref>) is a [[tragedy]] written bi [[William Shakespeare]], an is considered ane o his darkest an maist pouerfu wirks. Set mainly in Scotland, the play illustrates the damagin pheesical an psychological effects o poleetical ambeetion on those who seek pouer for its ain sake.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-10|title=Theme Of Power In Macbeth - English Summary|url=https://englishsummary.com/lesson/theme-power-macbeth/|access-date=2022-07-19|website=englishsummary.com|language=en-GB}}</ref>

{{Unsoorced}}
 Table 26–1 = <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.contraceptivetechnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/CTFailureTable.pdf Table 3–2 Percentage of women experiencing an unintended pregnancy during the first year of typical use and the first year of perfect use of contraception, and the percentage continuing use at the end of the first year. United States.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112130150/http://www.contraceptivetechnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/CTFailureTable.pdf |date=2013-11-12 }}</span></ref>
|typical_failure% = 18
|typical_failure_ref =<ref name="Trussell 2011" />
|duration_effect  = 
|reversibility    = 
|user_reminders   = Latex condoms damaged bi ile-based [[Personal lubricant|lubricants]]
|clinic_interval  = 
|STD_protection_YesNo = Yes
|periods          = 
|benefits         = No [[medication]]s or clinic veesits required
|weight_gain_loss = 
|risks            = 
|medical_notes    = 
}}
A '''condom''' (Johnny Bag) is a sheath-shaped [[Barrier contraception|barrier device]] that micht be uised durin [[sexual intercoorse]] tae reduce the probability o [[pregnancy]] an spreidin [[Sexually transmittit disease|sexually transmittit infections]] (STIs/STDs) siclike [[HIV/AIDS]].

'''Michel de Montaigne''' (28 Februar 1533 — 13 September 1592) wis a notable [[humanism|humanist]] French writer.

| image_caption           = 
| image_flag              = FLAG Gornji Milanovac.gif
| image_shield            = Gornji-milanovac-grb.png
| motto                   = "Време и моје право (Time and my right)"
| image_map               = Municipalities of Serbia Gornji Milanovac.png
| map_caption             = Location o the municipality o Gornji Milanovac within Serbie
| coordinates             = {{coord|44|01|27|N|20|27|36|E|region:RS|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o sovereign states|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Serbia}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Subdiveesions o Serbie|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Šumadija an Wastren Serbie]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Leet o districts o Serbie|Destrict]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Moravica Destrict|Moravica]]
| parts_type              = Settlements
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = 63
| established_title       = Foondit
| established_date        = 1853
| founder                 = 
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_party            = [[Serbian Progressive Party|SNS]]
| leader_name             = Dejan Kovačević
| area_footnotes          = <ref>{{Serbian municipalities 2006}}</ref>
| area_blank1_title       = Municipality
| area_blank1_km2         = 836
| area_rank               = [[List o ceeties in Serbie|21st]]
| elevation_m             = 310
| population_footnotes    = <ref>{{Serbian census 2011}}</ref>
| population_as_of        = 2011 census
| population_blank1_title = Toun
| population_blank1       = 24216
| population_blank2_title = Municipality
| population_blank2       = 44406
| population_rank          = [[Leet o ceeties in Serbie|37t]]
| timezone                = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset              = +1
| timezone_DST            = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST          = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal codes in Serbie|Postal code]]
| postal_code             = 32300<br>32301
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone nummers in Serbie|Aurie code]]
| area_code               = +381(0)32
| blank_name              = [[Vehicle registration plates o Serbie|Caur plates]]
| blank_info              = GM
| website                 = {{url|www.gornjimilanovac.rs}}
}}
'''Gornji Milanovac''' ({{lang-sr|Горњи Милановац}} {{Audio|Sr-Gornyi Milanovac.ogg|listen}}) is a toun an municipality locatit in [[Serbie]] at 44.012691° North, 20.273572° East. Its name means "Upper Milanovac" (there is a [[Donji Milanovac|Lower Milanovac]], as well) while Milanovac stems from name "Milan" in the [[Serbian leid]].  In 2003 the ceety haed a total population o 24,000.

{{fixscots}}
{{taxobox
| name = ''Sedum telephium''
| image = Sedum telephium 240808e.jpg
| image_caption = ''S. telephium'' subsp. ''telephium''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
| unranked_ordo = [[Core eudicots]]
| ordo = [[Saxifragales]]
| familia = [[Crassulaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Sedum]]''
| species = '''''S. telephium'''''
| binomial = ''Sedum telephium''
| binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|synonyms =
    {{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
*''Anacampseros albida'' <small>Haw. ex DC.</small>
*''Anacampseros arguta'' <small>Haw.</small>
*''Anacampseros aurigerana'' <small>Jord. & Fourr.</small>
*''Anacampseros beugesiaca'' <small>Jord. & Fourr.</small>
*''Anacampseros borderi'' <small>Jord. & Fourr.</small>
*''Anacampseros buxicola'' <small>Jord. & Fourr.</small>
*''Anacampseros conferta'' <small>Jord. & Fourr.</small>
*''Anacampseros convexa'' <small>Jord. & Fourr.</small>
*''Anacampseros dumeticola'' <small>Jord. & Fourr.</small>
*''Anacampseros julliana'' <small>Jord. & Fourr.</small>
*''Anacampseros lapidicola'' <small>Jord. & Fourr.</small>
*''Anacampseros lugdunensis'' <small>Jord. & Fourr.</small>
*''Anacampseros monticulorum'' <small>Jord. & Fourr.</small>
*''Anacampseros navieri'' <small>Jord. & Fourr.</small>
*''Anacampseros praecelsa'' <small>Jord. & Fourr.</small>
*''Anacampseros purpurea'' <small>Haw. ex DC.</small>
*''Anacampseros pycnantha'' <small>Jord. & Fourr.</small>
*''Anacampseros repens'' <small>Jord. & Fourr.</small>
*''Anacampseros rhodanensis'' <small>Jord. & Fourr.</small>
*''Anacampseros rubella'' <small>Jord. & Fourr.</small>
*''Anacampseros rupifraga'' <small>Jord. & Fourr.</small>
*''Anacampseros saxifraga'' <small>Jord. & Fourr.</small>
*''Anacampseros subalbida'' <small>Jord. & Fourr.</small>
*''Anacampseros triphylla'' <small>Haw.</small>
*''Anacampseros viridula'' <small>Jord. & Fourr.</small>
*''Anacampseros vogesiaca'' <small>Jord. & Fourr.</small>
*''Anacampseros vulgaris'' <small>Haw.</small>
*''Hylotelephium argutum'' <small>(Haw.) Holub</small>
*''Hylotelephium carpaticum'' <small>(G.Reuss) Soják</small>
*''Hylotelephium jullianum'' <small>(Boreau) Grulich</small>
*''Hylotelephium maritimum'' <small>(Bohuslav) Grulich</small>
*''Hylotelephium purpureum'' <small>(L.) Holub</small>
*''Hylotelephium sanguineum'' <small>(Ortega) Castrov. & Velayos</small>
*''Hylotelephium telephium'' <small>(L.) H.Ohba</small>
*''Hylotelephium triphyllum'' <small>(Haw.) Holub</small>
*''Hylotelephium vulgare'' <small>(Haw.) Holub</small>
*''Hylotelephium zhiguliense'' <small>Tzvelev</small>
*''Sedum argutum'' <small>(Haw.) Sweet</small>
*''Sedum carpaticum'' <small>G.Reuss</small>
*''Sedum fabaria'' <small>W.D.J.Koch</small> nom. illeg.
*''Sedum jullianum'' <small>Boreau</small>
*''Sedum maritimum'' <small>Bohuslav</small>
*''Sedum mugodscharicum'' <small>Boriss.</small>
*''Sedum purpurascens'' <small>W.D.J.Koch</small>
*''Sedum purpureum'' <small>(L.) Schult.</small>
*''Sedum sanguineum'' <small>Ortega</small>
*''Sedum triphyllum'' <small>(Haw.) Gray</small>
    }}
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{citation
|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2488984
|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species
|accessdate=28 July 2016
|archive-date=2019-08-21
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821005048/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2488984
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
}}
'''Orpie''', ''Sedum telephium'', eften cried ''Hylotelephium telephium'', is a [[succulent]] [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[grundkiver]]<ref name=mackensie>[https://books.google.com/books?id=u2MYhwxcVycC&pg=RA1-PA290&dq=witch's+moneybags ''Perennial ground covers''], [[David S. MacKenzie]], [[Timber Press]], 2002, p. 290, {{ISBN|978-0-88192-557-9}}</ref> o the faimily [[Crassulaceae]] native tae [[Eurasie]].

|elevation_footnotes    =  <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
|elevation_m            = 120
|elevation_ft           = 
|postal_code_type       =  <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
|postal_code            =
|area_code              =
|blank_name             =
|blank_info             =
|blank1_name            =
|blank1_info            =
|footnotes              = 
}} <!-- Infobox ends -->

{{taxobox
|name = Rubiaceae
|image = Luculia gratissima.jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Luculia gratissima]]''
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
|ordo = [[Gentianales]]
|familia = '''Rubiaceae'''
|familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract |format=PDF |accessdate=2013–07–06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |archive-date=2017-05-25 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525104318/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x/abstract |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|type_genus = ''[[Rubia]]''
|type_genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
|subdivision_ranks = [[Subfaimilies]]
|subdivision = 
*[[Cinchonoideae]]
*[[Ixoroideae]]
*[[Rubioideae]]
|}}
'''Rubiaceae''' is a [[faimily (biology)|faimily]] o [[flouerin plant]]s, variously cried the '''[[Coffea|coffee]] faimily''', '''[[Rubia|madder]] faimily''', or '''[[bedstraw]] faimily'''. The group contains mony commonly kent plants, includin the economically important coffee (''[[Coffea]]''), quinine (''[[Cinchona]]''), an gambier (''[[Uncaria]]''), the medicinal ipecacuanha (''[[Carapichea ipecacuanha]]''), an the horticulturally valuable madder (''[[Rubia]]''), wast Indian jasmine (''[[Ixora]]''), partridgeberry (''[[Mitchella]]''), ''[[Morinda]]'', ''[[Gardenia]]'', an ''[[Pentas]]''.

A '''paper note''' is a paper by whilk a [[baunk]] hechts for tae pey tae the caddie on demaund. Alang wi [[cunyie]]s, paper notes mak up the [[cash]] forms o aw modren [[siller]]. 
Cunyies are for ordinar uised for laicher vailyied monetary units, an paper notes for buiner vailyies.

| subdivision_type1       = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Autonomous commonty]]
| subdivision_name1       = {{flag|Catalonie}}
| subdivision_type2       = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Province o Barcelona|Barcelona]]
| seat_type               = [[Caipital ceety|Caipital]]
| seat                    = [[Mataró]]
| parts_type              = Municipalities
| parts_style             = list
| p1                      = [[Alella]], [[Arenys de Mar]], [[Arenys de Munt]], [[Argentona]], [[Cabrera de Mar]], [[Cabrils]], [[Caldes d'Estrac]], [[Calella]], [[Canet de Mar]], [[Dosrius]], [[Malgrat de Mar]], [[El Masnou]], [[Mataró]], [[Montgat]], [[Òrrius]], [[Palafolls]], [[Pineda de Mar]], [[Premià de Dalt]], [[Premià de Mar]], [[Sant Andreu de Llavaneres]], [[Sant Cebrià de Vallalta]], [[Sant Iscle de Vallalta]], [[Sant Pol de Mar]], [[Sant Vicenç de Montalt]], [[Santa Susanna]], [[Teià]], [[Tiana (Catalonie)|Tiana]], [[Tordera]], [[Vilassar de Dalt]], [[Vilassar de Mar]]
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = 
| leader_name             = 
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_total_km2          =  396.9
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = 414081
| population_as_of        = 2007
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = maresmenc (''m.'')<br/>maresmenca (''f.'')
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Leet o municipalities o Spain|Lairgest municipality]]
| blank_info_sec1         = [[Mataró]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[Leet o postal codes in Spain|Postal code]]
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone nummers in Spain|Dialin code]]
| area_code               = 
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = 
}}
[[Image:Catalonia-Montcabrer-Mountain.jpg|thumb|Montcabrer, comarca o the Maresme]]

{{distinguish|Håbo Municipality}}

, [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Indie]].]]
'''Pottery''' is the [[ceramic]] material that maks up pottery wares,<ref>'Pottery Science: materials, process and products.' Allen Dinsdale. Ellis Horwood Limited, 1986.</ref> o whilk major types include [[earthenware]], [[staneware]] an [[porcelain]]. The place whaur sic wares is made is cried a ''piggery''. Pottery an aa refers tae the airt or craft o a potter or the manufacture o pottery.

{{fixscots|date=Mairch 2021}}

'''Clan Bryde''' (Bride, Brude, Braide) is a [[Scots clan]] o [[Pecht]] oreegin frae [[Aberdeen]] in Scotland.

'''Cadusii''' ([[Greek leid|greek]]: Καδούσιοι, ''Kadoúsioi'') na seann daoine Ioranach a tha a 'fuireach ann an iar-thuath Iran.<ref>Rüdiger Schmitt, "[https://iranicaonline.org/articles/cadusii-lat Cadusii]" in ''Encyclopedia Iranica''</ref>

Formally, in [[lingueestics]], a '''lexicon''' is a leid's inventory o [[lexeme]]s.

|elevation_m =
<!-- division -->
|subdivision_type = Kintra
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Vietnam}}
|subdivision_type1 = Central ceety
|subdivision_name1 = Hanoi
|parts_type = [[Destricts o Vietnam|Destricts]]
|parts_style=para
|p1 = 29
<!-- Politics -->
|government_type =
|leader_title1 = Pairty's Secretary (Bí thư Thành ủy)
|leader_name1 = [[Phạm Quang Nghị]]
|leader_title2 = Fowkcooncil's Preses (Chủ tịch Hội đồng Nhân Dân)
|leader_name2 = [[Ngô Thị Doãn Thanh]]
|leader_title3 = Fowkcommittee's Preses (Chủ tịch Ủy ban Nhân Dân)
|leader_name3 = [[Nguyễn Thế Thảo]]
|established_title = Foondit, Caipital o the [[Đại Việt]]
|established_date = 1010
|established_title2 = Caipital o Vietnam
|established_date2 = 1 September 1945
|area_total_km2 = 3344.7
|area_urban_km2 = 186.22
|parts_type = [[Demonym]]
|parts_style=para
|p1 = Hanoians
|population_as_of = 2014
|population_note  =
|population_total = 7,087,700
|population_rank  = [[Leet o ceeties in Vietnam|2nt in Vietnam]]
|population_footnotes           =<ref name="Statistic office Hanoi">[http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=512&idmid=5&ItemID=14277 Statistical Handbook of Vietnam 2014], General Statistics Office Of Vietnam</ref>
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_density_sq_mi       = 
|population_metro               =
|population_density_metro_km2   =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban               =
|population_density_urban_km2   =
|population_density_urban_mi2   =
|timezone = ICT
|utc_offset = +7
|postal_code_type = <!--ZIP code, Postcode, Postal code... -->
|postal_code = 10000
|website = [http://www.english.hanoi.gov.vn hanoi.gov.vn]
|footnotes =
}}
'''Hanoi''' ({{lang-vi|Hà Nội}}) {{audio|Ha_noi.ogg|pronunciation}}, estimatit population nearly 6.5 million (2009),<ref name="balita.ph">{{cite web|url = http://balita.ph/2009/08/15/vietnams-population-soars-to-85-8-million/|title = Vietnam's Population Soars|publisher = balita.ph|access-date = 2011-01-02|archive-date = 2013-07-03|archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/6HqNmjoUB?url=http://balita.ph/2009/08/15/vietnams-population-soars-to-85-8-million/|url-status = dead}}</ref> is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] an seicont-lairgest ceety o [[Vietnam]]. Frae 1010 till 1802, it wis the maist important poleetical centre o Vietnam. It wis eclipsed bi [[Huế]] durin the [[Nguyễn Dynasty]] as the caipital o Vietnam, but Hanoi servit as the caipital o [[French Indocheenae]] frae 1902 tae 1954. Frae 1954 tae 1976, it wis the caipital o [[North Vietnam]].

'''Experience''' is the [[knawledge]] or maistery o an event or subject gained throu involvement in or exposur tae it.<ref>
Compare various contemporary defineetions gien in the [[Oxford English Dictionary|OED]] (2nt edeetion, 1989): "[...] 3. The actual [[observation]] of facts or events, considered as a source of knowledge.[...]  4. a. The fact of being consciously the subject of a state or condition, or of being consciously affected by an event. [...]  b. In religious use: A state of mind or feeling forming part of the inner religious life; the mental history (of a person) with regard to religious emotion. [...]  6. What has been experienced; the events that have taken place within the knowledge of an individual, a community, mankind at large, either during a particular period or generally. [...]  7. a. Knowledge resulting from actual observation or from what one has undergone. [...] 8. The state of having been occupied in any department of study or practice, in affairs generally, or in the intercourse of life; the extent to which, or the length of time during which, one has been so occupied; the aptitudes, skill, judgement, etc. thereby acquired."
</ref>

{{taxobox
|name = Tulip
|image = Tulipa suaveolens floriade to Canberra.jpg
|image_caption = Cultivated tulip – [[Floriade, Canberra|Floriade]] 2005, [[Canberra]]
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|cotyledons_classis = [[Monocots]]
|ordo = [[Liliales]]
|familia = [[Liliaceae]]
|subfamilia = [[Lilioideae]]
|genus = '''''Tulipa'''''
|subdivision_ranks =
|subdivision =
|}}

| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = [[Greece]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Modren regions o Greece|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Attica]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 2011
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = Capital
| seat                    = 
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = 
| leader_name             = 
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_total_km2          = 87.4
| area_land_km2           = 
| area_water_km2          = 
| area_water_percent      = 
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = 1112133
| population_as_of        = 2001
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| time_zone               = [[Eastren European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset              = +2
| timezone1_DST           = [[EEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +3
| postal_code_type        = <!-- [[Postal codes in Greece|Postal codes]] -->
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = <!-- [[Telephone numbers in Greece|Area codes]] -->
| area_code               = 
| blank_name              = <!-- [[Vehicle registration plates of Greece|Car plates]] -->
| blank_info              = 
| iso_code                = 
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = 
}}
'''Central Athens''' ({{lang-el|Περιφερειακή ενότητα Κεντρικού Τομέα Αθηνών}}) is ane o the [[regional units o Greece]]. It is pairt o the [[Modren regions o Greece|region]] o [[Attica]]. The regional unit covers the central pairt o the agglomeration o [[Athens]]. 

{{fixscots}}
{{unsourced}}
{{taxobox
|image = White campion close 700.jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Silene latifolia]]'' (white campion)
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Core eudicots]]
|ordo = [[Caryophyllales]]
|familia = [[Caryophyllaceae]]
|subfamilia = [[Caryophylloideae]]
|tribus = [[Sileneae]]
|genus = '''''Silene'''''
|genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = Aboot 300 species, see text.
}}
'''''Silene''''' is a [[genus]] o [[flouerin plant]]s in the [[faimily (biology)|faimily]] [[Caryophyllaceae]]. Common names include '''campion''' (which is shared wi the relatit genus ''[[Lychnis]]'') an '''catchflee'''.

'''Sviatlana Heorhiyeuna Tsikhanouskaya''' or '''Svetlana Georgiyevna Tikhanovskaya''' ({{née}} '''Pilipchuk''' an born 11 September 1982) is a Belaroushie activist for [[human richts]] an politician wha ran in the 2020 Belaroushie presses election as the chief opposition candidate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/belarus-needs-strongest-global-response/article32644207.ece|title=Belarus needs ‘strongest global response’|last=AFP|first=|date=18 September 2020|website=The Hindu|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=22 September 2020}}</ref>

{{fixscots}}
{{unsourced}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Tetrapods
| image = Extant tetrapoda.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Representatives o the fower classes of extant tetrapods, (clockwise frae upper left): a [[frog]] (an [[amphibian]]), a [[hoatzin]] (a [[bird]]), a [[skink]] (a [[reptile]]), an a [[moose]] (a [[mammal]])
| taxon = Tetrapoda
| authority = authority unkent, afore 1912
| subdivision_ranks = Subgroups
| subdivision =
* Class [[Amphibian|Amphibia]]
* Series [[Amniote|Amniota]]
** Clade [[Sauropsida]]
***Class [[Reptile|Reptilia]]
***Class [[Bird|Aves]]
** Clade [[Synapsida]]
*** Class [[Mammal]]ia
}}
The [[superclass (biology)|superclass]] '''Tetrapoda''' ([[Auncient Greek]] τετραπόδηs tetrapodēs, "fower-fittit"), or the '''tetrapods''', comprises the first fower-limbed [[vertebrate]]s an thair descendants, includin the livin an extinct [[amphibian]]s, [[reptile]]s, [[bird]]s, an [[mammal]]s.

| birth_place        = [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Canada
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|2005|7|20|1920|3|3}}
| death_place        = [[Redmond, Washington]], U.S.
| resting_place      = [[Puget Sound]], Washington
| education          = 
| alma_mater         = [[Neighborhood Playhouse]]
| television         = ''[[Star Trek]]''
| known_for          = [[Scotty (Star Trek)|Montgomery "Scotty" Scott]]
| other_names        = Jimmy Doohan
| occupation         = {{hlist|Actor|vyce artist|writer}}
| years_active       = 1952–2005
| spouse             = {{ubl
  | {{marriage|Janet Young|1949|1964|end=div}}
  | {{marriage|Anita Yagel|1967|1972|end=div}}
  | {{marriage|Wende Braunberger|1974}}
  }}
| children           = 7, includin [[Chris Doohan]]
| website            = 
}}
'''James Montgomery Doohan''' (Mairch 3, 1920 – July 20, 2005) wis a Canadian actor, vyce actor, author an sodger best kent fur playin the chairacter [[Scotty (Star Trek)|Montgomery "Scotty" Scott]] in the televeision an fillum series [[Star Trek]].
Doohan's characterisation o the Scottish [[Chief Engineer]] o the [[Starship Enterprise|Starship ''Enterprise'']] wis ane o the maist kenspeckle elements in the ''Star Trek'' franchise, an inspired mony fans tae gang intae the engineerin an ither technical fields.<ref name=bbc050720>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1493093.stm|title=Obituary: James Doohan|work=[[BBC News]]|date=July 20, 2005|access-date=April 29, 2007}}</ref> He forby makkit contributions ahint the scenes, like the initial development o the [[Klingon language|Klingon]] and [[Vulcan language|Vulcan]] languages.

| birth_place    = [[Haltwhistle]], [[Northumberland]], Ingland
| nationality = Breetish
| field       = [[Media airt]], [[Computer airt]]
| training    = [[Glasgow School of Art]], [[Glesga]]
| movement    = 
| works       = ''Living Rooms'' (2001)<br />''[https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/entity/%2Fm%2F0glrh4q?projectId=art-project The River]'' (2010)
| patrons     =
| awards      = [[Ars Fennica Awaird|Ars Fennica Prize]] (2010)
}}
'''Charles Sandison''' (born 24 Apryle 1969) is an Inglis born [[Scots fowk|Scots]] [[veesual airtist]] wha leeves an wirks in [[Tampere]], [[Finland]].

{{fixscots|date=Januar 2021}}

</ref>
| name                      = Ludwig Wittgenstein
| image                     =36. Portrait of Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1930.jpg 
| image_size                = 180px
| alt                       = photograph
| caption                   = Ludwig Wittgenstein (1930)
| birth_date                = {{Birth date|df=y|1889|04|26}}
| birth_place               = [[Vienna]], [[Austrick-Hungary]]
| death_date                = {{Death date and age|df=y|1951|04|29|1889|04|26}}
| death_place               = [[Cambridge]], Ingland
| death_cause               = [[Prostate cancer]]
| resting_place             = [[Ascension Parish Burial Grund, Cambridge|Ascension Parish Burial Grund]], Cambridge
| resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|52.2176|N|0.1001|E|type:landmark_region:GB|display=title}}
main_interests = [[Logic]], [[Metapheesics]], [[Filosofie o leid]], [[Filosofie o mathematics]], [[Filosofie o mind]], [[Epistemology]]
| influences = [[Gottlob Frege]], [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]], [[Søren Kierkegaard]], [[G. E. Moore]], [[Oswald Spengler]], [[Ludwig Boltzmann]], [[Karl Kraus]], [[Adolf Loos]], [[Piero Sraffa]], [[Otto Weininger]], [[Bertrand Russell]], [[Arthur Schopenhauer]], [[Baruch Spinoza]], [[Leo Tolstoy]], [[Heinrich Hertz]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://faculty.education.illinois.edu/burbules/syllabi/Materials/Wittgenstein_as_Engineer.html |title="Wittgenstein As Engineer" |access-date=2015-03-28 |archive-date=2018-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210153804/http://faculty.education.illinois.edu/burbules/syllabi/Materials/Wittgenstein_as_Engineer.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Hermann von Helmholtz]]<ref>Patton, Lydia, 2009, "Signs, Toy Models, and the A Priori: from Helmholtz to Wittgenstein," ''Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science'', '''40''' (3): 281–289.</ref>
| influenced = [[Bertrand Russell]], [[G.E. Moore]], [[Frank P. Ramsey]], [[Vienna Circle]], [[Rudolf Carnap]], [[Alan Turing]], [[G.E.M. Anscombe]], [[Peter Geach]], [[Anthony Kenny]], [[Barry Stroud]], [[Gilbert Ryle]], [[Saul Kripke]],  [[John Searle]], [[John McDowell]], [[Hans Sluga]], [[Peter Hacker]], [[Stephen Toulmin]], [[Hannah Ginsborg]]
| website                   = [http://wab.aksis.uib.no/index.page The Wittgenstein Archives at the University of Bergen]<br>[http://www.wittgen-cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/forms/home.cgi The Cambridge Wittgenstein Archive]
| signature                 = 
}}
'''Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|v|ɪ|t|g|ən|ˌ|s|t|aɪ|n}};<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/wittgenstein "Wittgenstein"]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.</ref> {{IPA-de|ˈvɪtgənˌʃtaɪn|lang}}; 26 Aprile 1889 – 29 Aprile 1951) wis an Austrick-Breetish filosofer who wirked primarily in [[logic]], the [[filosofie o mathematics]], the [[filosofie o mind]], an the [[filosofie o leid]].<ref name="Time">{{cite news|title=LUDWIG WITTGENSTEIN: Philosopher (subscription required)&nbsp;— Time 100: Scientists and Thinkers issue|work=Time Magazine Online|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,990616,00.html|date=29 March 1999|last=Dennett|first=Daniel|accessdate=29 November 2011|archive-date=2013-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826120239/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,990616,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

3m)
| cleavage      = perfect
| twinning      = Simple contact twins or complex lamellar forms, twin axis [111]
| fracture      = Uneven tae conchoidal
| mohs          = 3.5-4
| luster        = Adamantine, resinous, greasy
| refractive    = n<sub>α</sub> = 2.369
| opticalprop   = Isotropic
| birefringence =
| pleochroism   =
| streak        = brounish white, fauch yellae
| gravity       = 3.9–4.2
| melt          =
| fusibility    =
| diagnostic    =
| solubility    =
| diaphaneity   = Skyre tae leamish, opaque whan iron-rich
| other         = non-radioactive, non-magnetic, fluorescent an triboluminescent.
| references    = <ref>[http://webmineral.com/data/Sphalerite.shtml Sphalerite]. Webmineral. Retrieved on 2011-06-20.</ref><ref name=Mindat>[http://www.mindat.org/min-3727.html Sphalerite]. Mindat.org. Retrieved on 2011-06-20.</ref><ref name=Handbook>[http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/sphalerite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy]</ref>
}}
'''Sphalerite''' (([[zinc|Zn]],[[iron|Fe]])[[sulfur|S]]) is a [[meeneral]] that is the chief [[ore]] o [[zinc]]. It consists lairgely o [[zinc sulfide]] in [[crystal]]line furm but naur aye contains variable [[iron]]. Whan iron content is heich it is an opaque black variety, '''marmatite'''. It is uisually foond in association wi [[galena]], [[pyrite]], an ither [[sulfide meenerals|sulfides]] alang wi [[calcite]], [[dolomite]], an [[fluorite]]. Whiles, miners refer tae sphalerite as '''zinc blende''', '''black-jack''', an ruby jack.

: '''''Phone''' is a hamelt term for [[telephone]]''.

{{fixscots|date=Januar 2021}}

The '''2016 Aw-Ireland Senior Fitba Championship Final''' wis the 129t Aw-Ireland Senior Fitba Championship final i Gaelic fitba, organisit bi the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]]. Hit wis on atween the [[Dublin GAA]] team an the [[Mayo GAA]] ane on the 25t o Septemmer 2016. Hit wis played at [[Croke Park]] i Dublin on the 18t o Septemmer 2016<ref>{{cite news|title=Plan your GAA year: the official 2016 fixture list|url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/sport/gaa/plan-your-gaa-year-the-official-2016-fixture-list-366176.html|access-date=16 September 2016|work=Irish Examiner|date=20 November 2015}}</ref> an wis replayed on the 1t October 2016. Dublin buir the gree, wi a final score o Mayo 0–15 Dublin 2–9.

A '''hormone''' (frae [[Greek leid|Greek]] {{lang|grc|ὁρμή}}, "impetus") is ony member o a cless o signalin molecules produced bi [[gland]]s in [[multicellular organism]]s that are transportit bi the [[circulatory system]] tae target distant organs tae regulate physiology and behaviour. Hormones hae diverse chemical structurs, mainly o 3 clesses: [[eicosanoid]]s, [[steroid]]s, an [[amino acid]]/[[protein]] derivatives ([[amine]]s, [[peptide]]s, an [[protein]]s). The glands that secrete hormones comprise the [[endocrine system|endocrine seegnalin system]]. The term hormone is whiles extendit tae include chemicals produced bi cells that affect the same cell ([[autocrine signaling|autocrine]] or [[intracrine|intracrine seegnallin]]) or nearbi cells ([[paracrine seegnallin]]).

|death_place=[[Avignon]], [[Fraunce in the Middle Ages|Kinrick o Fraunce]]
|other=John}}
'''Pape John XXII''' ({{lang-la|Ioannes XXII}}; 1244<ref>{{Citation|title=Pope John XXII|date=2010-01-01|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780198662624.001.0001/acref-9780198662624-e-4718|work=The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780198662624.001.0001/acref-9780198662624-e-4718|isbn=978-0-19-866262-4|access-date=2023-03-23}}</ref> – 4 December 1334), born '''Jacques Duèze''' (or '''d'Euse'''), wis the [[Pape|heid]] o the [[Catholic Kirk]] frae 7 August 1316 tae his daith in 1334. He wis the seicont Avignon Pape, electit bi a conclave in [[Lyon]] assembled bi Keeng Louis X's brither Philip, the Coont o Poitiers, later King Philip V o [[Fraunce]].

'''Hydro-power''' or '''watter pouer''' is [[pouer (pheesics)|pouer]] derived frae the [[energy]] o fallin watter an runnin watter, which mey be harnessed for uisefu purposes. its preety braw 

</ref> an in maist devices wi [[proprietary saftware|proprietary]] components<ref name="ars-irongrip">{{cite web |title=Google’s iron grip on Android: Controlling open source by any means necessary |url=http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/10/googles-iron-grip-on-android-controlling-open-source-by-any-means-necessary |work=Ars Technica |accessdate=December 8, 2013}}</ref>
| released               = {{start date|2008|9|23}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://android-developers.blogspot.in/2008/09/announcing-android-10-sdk-release-1.html|title=Announcing the Android 1.0 SDK, release 1|date=September 9, 2008|accessdate=September 21, 2012|archive-date=2015-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919030955/http://android-developers.blogspot.in/2008/09/announcing-android-10-sdk-release-1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| latest release version = [[Android Marshmallow|6.0.1 "Marshmallow"]]
| latest release date    = {{release date and age|2015|12|09}}
| latest preview version = [[Android N]]
| latest preview date    = {{release date and age|2016|03|09}}
| frequently updated     = yes
| marketing target       = [[Smartphone]]s<br />[[Tablet computer]]s
| programmed in          = [[C (programmin leid)|C (core)]], [[C++]], {{nowrap|[[Java (programmin leid)|Java (UI)]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Android Code Analysis|url=http://www.ohloh.net/p/android/analyses/latest|accessdate=June 6, 2012|archive-date=2013-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914185702/http://www.ohloh.net/p/android|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
| language               = Multi-lingual (46 leids)
| package manager        = [[Google Play]], [[APK (file format)|APK]]
| supported platforms    = [[32-bit]] [[ARMv7|ARM]], [[MIPS airchitectur|MIPS]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4215490/MIPS-gets-sweet-with-Honeycomb |title=MIPS gets sweet with Honeycomb |publisher=Eetimes.com |date= |accessdate=February 20, 2012 |archive-date=2012-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211075357/http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4215490/MIPS-gets-sweet-with-Honeycomb |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[x86]],<ref name="ARMAN-4.0-on-x86">{{cite web |url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9222323/Google_s_Android_4.0_ported_to_x86_processors |title=Google's Android 4.0 ported to x86 processors |last=Shah |first=Agam |date=December 1, 2011 |work=Computerworld |publisher=International Data Group |accessdate=February 20, 2012}}</ref> [[x86-64]]
| kernel type            = [[Monolithic kernel|Monolithic]] (modified Linux kernel)
| userland               = [[Bionic (saftware)|Bionic libc]],<ref>[https://android.googlesource.com/platform/bionic/+/master/libc/ android/platform/bionic/]</ref> [[Korn shell|mksh]] shell,<ref>[https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/mksh/+/master android/platform/external/mksh/]</ref> native core utilities wi a few frae [[NetBSD]]<ref>[https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/master/toolbox/ android/platform/system/core/toolbox/]</ref>
| ui                     = [[Graphical uiser interface|Graphical]] ([[Multi-touch]])
| license                = [[Apache License]] 2.0<br />Modified [[Linux kernel]] unner [[GNU General Public License|GNU GPL]] v2<ref name="Licenses">{{cite web|url=http://source.android.com/source/licenses.html|title=Licenses|work=Android Open Source Project.|publisher=Open Handset Alliance|accessdate=September 9, 2012|date=|quote=''The preferred license for the Android Open Source Project is the Apache Software License, 2.0.&nbsp;... Why Apache Software License?&nbsp;... For userspace (that is, non-kernel) software, we do in fact prefer ASL2.0 (and similar licenses like BSD, MIT, etc.) over other licenses such as LGPL. Android is about freedom and choice. The purpose of Android is promote openness in the mobile world, but we don't believe it's possible to predict or dictate all the uses to which people will want to put our software. So, while we encourage everyone to make devices that are open and modifiable, we don't believe it is our place to force them to do so. Using LGPL libraries would often force them to do so.''}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|http://www.android.com/}}
}}
'''Android''' is a mobile [[operatin seestem]] (OS) based on the [[Linux kernel]] that is currently developed bi [[Google]]. It is feckly uised for touch-screen devices, sic as [[smartphone]]s an tablet [[computer]]s, but haes an aa been developit for uiss wi ither Google hardware includin [[televeesion]]s (Android TV) an wearables (Android Wear).

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgrey
| name = ''Bacillus''
| image = Bacillus subtilis Gram.jpg
| image_width = 220px
| image_caption = ''[[Bacillus subtilis]]'', Gram stained
| domain = [[Bacteria]]
| kingdom = [[Eubacteria]]
| divisio = [[Firmicutes]]
| classis = [[Bacilli]]
| ordo = [[Bacillales]]
| familia = [[Bacillaceae]]
| genus = '''''Bacillus'''''
| genus_authority = [[Ferdinand Cohn|Cohn]], 1872<ref name="Cohn 1872">{{de icon}} Cohn F.: Untersuchungen über Bakterien. Beitrage zur Biologie der Pflanzen Heft 2, 1872, 1, 127-224.</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision =}}
'''''Bacillus''''' is a [[genus]] o [[Gram-positive]], rod-shaped ([[bacillus (shape)|bacillus]]), [[bacteria]] an a member o the phylum [[Firmicutes]].

{{fixscots|date=October 2020}}

'''Whisky''' (or '''whiskey''') is an [[alcoholic drink]] [[distillation|distillt]] frae [[grain]], aften includin [[maut]], that haes than been [[Agin baurrel|aged]] in [[wid]]den [[Baurrel (storage)|baurrels]].

|birth_place = [[Gdańsk|Danzig]] (Gdańsk)
|death_date   = {{Death date and age|1860|9|21|1788|2|22|df=y}}
|death_place  = [[Frankfurt]], [[German Confederation]]
| nationality = [[German fowk|German]]
| residence   = [[Germany|Danzig, Hamburg an finally German Confederation]]
|work_institution = [[Varsity o Göttingen]], [[Varsity o Berlin]]
|school_tradition = [[Post-Kantian philosophie]]
|main_interests   = [[Metapheesics]], [[aesthetics]], [[ethics]], [[phenomenology (philosophie)|phenomenology]], [[morality]], [[psychology]]
|notable_ideas    = [[Will (philosophie)|Will]], [[Fowerfauld ruit o the sufficient principle o raison|Fowerfauld ruit o raison]], [[Hedgehog's dilemma]], [[philosophical pessimism]]
| influences       = [[Buddhism]]{{·}}[[Immanuel Kant|Kant]]{{·}}[[Plato]]{{·}}[[Upanishads]]
| influenced       = [[Samuel Beckett|Beckett]]{{·}}[[Jorge Luis Borges|Borges]]{{·}}[[Joseph Campbell|Campbell]]{{·}}[[Albert Einstein|Einstein]]{{·}}[[Sigmund Freud|Freud]]{{·}}[[John Gray (philosopher)|Gray]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/john-gray-forget-everything-you-know-641878.html |title=John Gray: Forget everything you know&nbsp;— Profiles, People |publisher=The Independent |date=3 September 2002 |accessdate=12 March 2010 |location=London |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409072731/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/john-gray-forget-everything-you-know-641878.html |archivedate=2010-04-09 |deadurl=no |url-status=live }}</ref>{{·}}[[Max Horkheimer|Horkheimer]]{{·}}[[Carl Jung|Jung]]{{·}}[[Karl Kraus (writer)|Kraus]]{{·}}[[Thomas Mann|Mann]]{{·}}[[Karl Eugen Neumann|Neumann]]{{·}}[[Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzsche]]{{·}}[[Gilbert Ryle|Ryle]]{{·}}[[George Santayana|Santayana]]{{·}}[[Erwin Schrödinger|Schrödinger]]{{·}}[[Leo Tolstoy|Tolstoy]]{{·}}[[Richard Wagner|Wagner]]{{·}}[[Otto Weininger|Weininger]]{{·}}[[Ludwig Wittgenstein|Wittgenstein]]{{·}}[[Peter Wessel Zapffe|Zapffe]]}}
'''Arthur Schopenhauer''' ({{IPA-de|ˈaʁtʊʁ ˈʃɔpənˌhaʊ̯ɐ|lang}}; 22 Februar 1788&nbsp;– 21 September 1860) wis a [[Germans|German]] [[philosopher]]. He is best kent for his 1818 wark ''[[The Warld as Will an Representation]]'' (wauxt in 1844), whaurin he chairacterises the [[Phenomenon|phenomenal]] warld as the product o a blinnd an stainchless [[Schopenhauer#The warld as will|metapheesical will]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Essays and Aphorisms|year=2004|publisher=Penguin Classics|isbn=978-0-14-044227-4|author=Arthur Schopenhauer|page=23}}</ref><ref>The Oxford Encyclopedic English Dictionary. 'Schopenhauer': Oxford University Press. 1991. p. 1298. {{ISBN|978-0-19-861248-3}}.</ref> Proceedin frae the [[transcendental idealism]] o [[Immanuel Kant]], Schopenhauer developit an [[atheistic]] metapheesical an ethical seestem that haes been descrived as an exemplar kythin o [[philosophical pessimism]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Essays and Aphorisms|year=2004|publisher=Penguin Classics|isbn=978-0-14-044227-4|author=Arthur Schopenhauer|pages=22–36|quote= …but there has been none who tried with so great a show of learning to demonstrate that the pessimistic outlook is ''justified'', that life itself is really bad. It is to this end that Schopenhauer’s metaphysic of will and idea exists.}}</ref><ref>''[http://librivox.org/studies-in-pessimism-by-arthur-schopenhauer/ Studies in Pessimism]'' – audiobeuk frae [[LibriVox]].</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, Volume 2|year=2009|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-387-71801-9|editor1=David A. Leeming |editor2=Kathryn Madden |editor3=Stanton Marlan |page=824|quote=A more accurate statement might be that for a German – rather than a French or British writer of that time – Schopenhauer was an honest and open atheist.}}<!--|accessdate=2 September 2012--></ref> rejectin the contemporaneous [[post-Kantian thocht|post-Kantian philosophies]] o [[German idealism]].<ref>Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation, Vol. 1, trans. E. Payne, (New York: Dover Publishing Inc., 1969), Vol. 2, Ch. 50.</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Schopenhauer, Philosophy and the Arts|year=2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-04406-6|editor=Dale Jacquette|page=162|quote=For Kant, the mathematical sublime, as seen for example in the starry heavens, suggests to imagination the infinite, which in turn leads by subtle turns of contemplation to the concept of God. Schopenhauer's atheism will have none of this, and he rightly observes that despite adopting Kant's distinction between the dynamical and mathematical sublime, his theory of the sublime, making reference to the struggles and sufferings of struggles and sufferings of Will, is unlike Kant's.}}<!--|accessdate=2 September 2012--></ref> Schopenhauer wis amang the first thinkers in [[Wastren philosophie]] tae skare an affirm signeeficant tenets o [[Eastren philosophie]] (e.g., [[asceticism]], the warld-as-[[appearance (philosophie)|appearance]]), haein ineetially arrived at seemilar conclusions as the eftercast o his ain philosophical wark.<ref>See the beuk-lenth study aboot oriental influences on the genesis o Schopenhauer's philosophie bi [[Urs App]]: ''Schopenhauer's Compass. An Introduction to Schopenhauer's Philosophy and its Origins''. Wil: UniversityMedia, 2014 ({{ISBN|978-3-906000-03-9}})</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=An Introduction to the History of Psychology|edition=6th|year=2009|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-0-495-50621-8|last=Hergenhahn |first=B. R.|page=216|quote=Although Schopenhauer was an atheist, he realized that his philosophy of denial had been part of several great religions; for example, Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism.}}<!--|accessdate=2 September 2012--></ref>

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| area_water_percent      = 
| area_note               = Aurie as o {{Area Swedish municipality|TXT=date}}.
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| population_footnotes    = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=ref}}
| population_total        = {{Population Swedish municipality|municipality=Hjo Municipality}}
| population_as_of        = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=date}}
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_note         = 
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Provinces o Swaden|Province]]
| blank_info_sec1         = [[Västergötland]]
| blank1_name_sec1        = [[Kommunkod|Municipal code]]
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| postal_code_type        = [[Postal codes in Swaden|Postal code]]
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:SE|SE<!--??-->]]
| website                 = [http://www.hjo.se www.hjo.se]<!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| footnotes               = 
}}

|death_date = {{death date and age|1992|1|1|1906|12|9}}
|birth_place=[[New York Ceety]], [[New York]], U.S.
|death_place=[[Arlington]], [[Virginie]], U.S.
|placeofburial=[[Arlington Naitional Seemetry]]
|placeofburial_label= Place o burial
|image=Commodore Grace M. Hopper, USN (covered).jpg
|caption=Hopper in Januar 1984
|nickname="Amazing Grace"
|allegiance= {{flagu|Unitit States o Americae}}
|serviceyears=1943–1966, 1967–1971, 1972–1986
|rank=  [[Rear Admiral (Unitit States)|Rear Admiral (lawer hauf)]]
|branch={{flag|Unitit States Navy}}
|commands=
|awards= [[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]]<br/> [[Legion o Merit]]<br /> [[Meritorious Service Medal (USA)|Meritorious Service Medal]]<br /> [[American Campaign Medal]]<br /> [[Warld War II Victory Medal]]<br /> [[Naitional Defense Service Medal]]<br />[[Armed Forces Reserve Medal]] wi twa [[Oorglass Device]]s<br /> [[Naval Reserve Medal]]
|relations=
|laterwork=
}}
'''Grace Murray Hopper''' (December 9, 1906{{spaced ndash}}Januar 1, 1992) wis an American [[computer scientist]] an [[Unitit States Navy]] [[Rear admiral (Unitit States)|Rear Admiral]]. A pioneer in the field, she wis ane o the first programmers o the [[Harvard Mark I]] computer, an developed the first [[compiler]] for a computer programmin leid.<ref name="Wexelblat81">{{cite book |author= Richard L. Wexelblat, ed. |title= History of Programming Languages |url= https://archive.org/details/historyofprogram0000hist |year= 1981 |location= New York |publisher= Academic Press |isbn= 0-12-745040-8}}</ref><ref name="Spencer85">{{cite book |author= Donald D. Spencer |title= Computers and Information Processing |url= https://archive.org/details/computerinformat0000unse_n4p5 |year= 1985 |publisher= C.E. Merrill Publishing Co |isbn= 978-0-675-20290-9}}</ref><ref name="Laplante01">{{cite book |author= Phillip A. Laplante |title= Dictionary of computer science, engineering, and technology |year= 2001 |publisher= CRC Press |isbn= 978-0-8493-2691-2}}</ref><ref name="Bunch93">{{cite book |author= Bryan H. Bunch, Alexander Hellemans |title= The Timetables of Technology: A Chronology of the Most Important People and Events in the History of Technology |url= https://archive.org/details/timetablesoftech00brya |year= 1993 |publisher= Simon & Schuster |isbn= 978-0-671-76918-5}}</ref><ref name="Booss03">{{cite book |author= Bernhelm Booss-Bavnbek, Jens Høyrup |title= Mathematics and War |year= 2003 |publisher= Birkhäuser Verlag |isbn= 978-3-7643-1634-1}}</ref> She conceptualized the idea o machine-independent programmin leids, which led tae the development o [[COBOL]], ane o the first [[heich-level programmin leid|modren programmin leid]]s.  She is credited wi popularizing the term "debuggin" for fixin computer glitches (inspired bi an actual [[moch]] removed frae the computer). Owin tae the breadth o her accomplishments an her naval rank, she is whiles referred tae as "Amazing Grace".<ref name="urlCyber Heroes of the past: Amazing Grace Hopper">{{cite web
|url=http://wvegter.hivemind.net/abacus/CyberHeroes/Hopper.htm
|title=Cyber Heroes of the past: "Amazing Grace" Hopper
|accessdate=December 12, 2013
}}</ref><ref name="urlGrace Murray Hopper">{{cite web
|url=http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/hopper.htm
|title=Grace Murray Hopper
|accessdate=December 12, 2012
}}</ref> The U.S. Navy destroyer [[USS Hopper (DDG-70)|USS ''Hopper'' (DDG-70)]] is named for her, as wis the [[Cray XE6]] "Hopper" supercomputer at [[NERSC]].

'''Cley''', '''clabber''' or '''glaur''' is a kynd o [[syle]] that is slairgy tae the titch. It is aften uised in the makkin o [[gairdenin]] [[pat]]s. Dependin on the kynd, it whiles haes a shairp textur, an is whiles gey mingin. Cleys are complex materials containin mony different kynds o atoms, houaniver, aw cleys conteen muckle nummers o [[silicon]] (Si) an [[oxygen]] (O) atoms, jyned thegether for tae mak [[silicate]]. Thay furm whan stanes are brak doun or wathered. For tae mak [[laim]], cley is moolded in shape, dried, an than fired in a furnace or [[kil]] for tae mak it haird.
{{Commonscat|Clay}}

{{fixscots|date=October 2020}}

{{italic title}}
{{taxobox
|name = Ribwort Plantain
|image = Ribwort 600.jpg
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
|ordo = [[Lamiales]]
|familia = [[Plantaginaceae]]
|genus = ''[[Plantago]]''
|species = '''''P. lanceolata'''''
|binomial = ''Plantago lanceolata''
|binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
'''''Plantago lanceolata''''', '''Johnsmas-flouer''', is a species o [[flouerin plant]] in the plantain faimily [[Plantaginaceae]].

{{fixscots}}

{{Automatic taxobox
|name = Charadriiformes
|fossil_range = [[Late Cretaceous]]-[[Holocene|Present]], {{fossilrange|75|0}}
|image = חופמאים-01.jpg
|image_upright = 1.2
|image_caption = Several members o the order
|display_parents = 3
|taxon = Charadriiformes
|authority = [[Thomas Henry Huxley|Huxley]], 1867
|subdivision_ranks = Faimilies
|subdivision = See text.
}}
'''Charadriiformes''' is a diverse order o smaa tae middlin [[bird]]s. It includes aboot 350 [[species]] an haes members in aw pairts o the warld.

{{commonscat|Girls}}

{{Unsoorced}}

{{unsoorced}}
{{about|the Erse-speaking airts|the Scots Gaelic-speaking airts|Gàidhealtachd}}

{{chembox
| Verifiedimages = chynged
| Watchedfields = chynged
| verifiedrevid = 443858090
| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageFile=Histamin - Histamine.svg
|ImageSize=
|ImageFile2=Histamine3d.png
|ImageSize2=200px
|IUPACName=2-(1''H''-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine
|OtherNames=
|Section1= {{Chembox Identifiers
|  UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 820484N8I3
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D08040
| InChI = 1/C5H9N3/c6-2-1-5-3-7-4-8-5/h3-4H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8)
| InChIKey = NTYJJOPFIAHURM-UHFFFAOYAP
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 90
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C5H9N3/c6-2-1-5-3-7-4-8-5/h3-4H,1-2,6H2,(H,7,8)
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = NTYJJOPFIAHURM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo=51-45-6
| PubChem=774
| IUPHAR_ligand = 1204
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 753
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 18295
| SMILES = n1cc(nc1)CCN
| MeSHName=Histamine
| ATCCode_prefix = L03
| ATCCode_suffix = AX14
| ATC_Supplemental = ([[histamine dihydrochloride|2HCl]])<br />{{ATC|V04|CG03}} (phosphate)
  }}
|Section2= {{Chembox Properties
|  C=5|H=9|N=3
|  Appearance=
|  Density=
|  MeltingPtC= 83.5
|  BoilingPtC= 209.5
|  pKa = imidazole: 6.04
NH<sub>2</sub>: 9.75
|  Solubility=Easily soluble in cauld watter, het watter<ref name="sciencelab.com">http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9924264</ref>
|  SolubleOther=Easily soluble in methanol. Very slichtly soluble in diethyl ether.<ref name="sciencelab.com"/> Easily soluble in ethanol.
|  Solvent = ither solvents
  }}
|Section3= {{Chembox Hazards
|  MainHazards=
|  FlashPt=
|  Autoignition=
  }}
}}
'''Histamine''' is an organic [[nitrogen]]ous compoond involved in local [[immune system|immune responses]] as well as regulatin physiological function in the gut an actin as a [[neurotransmitter]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Marieb, E. |title=Human anatomy & physiology |url=https://archive.org/details/humananatomyphys00mari |publisher=Benjamin Cummings |location=San Francisco |year=2001 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/humananatomyphys00mari/page/414 414] |isbn=0-8053-4989-8 }}</ref>

{{Itheruises|Doubs (disambiguation)}}
 instead -->
| type                    = [[Depairtments o Fraunce|Depairtment]]
| image_skyline           = Préfecture du Doubs (façade sur jardin) (adjusted).jpg
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = [[Prefecturs in Fraunce|Prefectur]] biggin o the Doubs depairtment, in Besançon
| image_flag              = 
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Blason département fr Doubs.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Doubs-Position.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location o Doubs in Fraunce
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|47|10|N|06|25|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd_scale:2000000|display=inline}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Fraunce}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions o Fraunce|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Franche-Comté]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = [[Prefecturs in Fraunce|Prefectur]]
| seat                    = [[Besançon]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefecturs in Fraunce|Subprefecturs]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Montbéliard]]<br>[[Pontarlier]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = [[Socialist Pairty (Fraunce)|PS]]
| leader_title            = [[President of the general council|President of the General Council]]
| leader_name             = [[Claude Jeannerot]]
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude          = 
| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 5234
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_max_m         = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = 499062
| population_as_of        = 1999
| population_rank         = [[Leet of French departments by population|51st]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Departments o Fraunce|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 25
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[arrondissements of the Doubs department|3]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[cantons of the Doubs department|35]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[communes of the Doubs department|594]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = 
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = {{note|area|1}} French Laund Register data, which exclude [[estuar]]s, an lochs, ponds, an glaciers lairger than 1&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
}}
'''Doubs''' ({{IPA-fr|du}}; [[Arpitan]]: ''Dubs'') is a [[depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment]] in the [[Franche-Comté]] [[Regions o Fraunce|region]] o eastren Fraunce namit efter the [[Doubs (river)|Doubs River]].

)
| founder          = [[Jerry Baldwin]]<br> [[Gordon Bowker]]<br> [[Zev Siegl]]
| location_city    = [[Seattle]], Washington
| location_country = U.S.
| locations        = 20,366 in 61 kintras <small>(November 16, 2012)</small><ref name="loxcel">{{cite web|title=Loxcel Starbucks Map|url=http://www.loxcel.com/sbux-faq.html|work=Starbucks|accessdate=November 16, 2012|date=November 16, 2012|archive-date=2015-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928033929/http://www.loxcel.com/sbux-faq.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| area_served      = Warldwide
| key_people       = [[Howard Schultz]]<br><small>(Chairman, Preses an CEO)</small>
| industry         = [[Restaurant]]s
| genre            = Coffee hoose
| products         = {{flatlist|Coffee {{•}}Tea {{•}}[[Pastries]]{{•}}
[[Frappuccino|Frappuccino beverages]] {{•}}[[Smoothies]]}}
| services         = Coffee
| revenue = {{increase}} [[United States dollar|US$]]19.16 billion
| revenue_year = 2015
| operating_income = {{increase}} US$3.6 billion<ref name="SEC2015"/>
| income_year =  2015
| net_income ={{increase}} US$2.76 billion
| net_income_year =2015  
| assets = {{increase}} US$12.45 billion<ref name=SEC2015>[https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/829224/000082922415000038/sbux-9272015x10k.htm "Starbucks Inc. 10-K report 2015"]. Securities and Exchange Commission. Retrieved November 4, 2016.</ref>
| assets_year = 2015
| equity = {{increase}} US$5.82 billion<ref name="SEC2015"/>
| equity_year = 2015
| num_employees  = 238,000<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/companies/starbucks/|title=Starbucks|date=May 2013|website=forbes.com|accessdate =February 21, 2014}}</ref>
| num_employees_year = 2016
| subsid           = 
| homepage         = {{URL|http://www.starbucks.com/}}
}}
]]

in [[Paris]].]] 
.]]
'''Tourism''' is [[travel]] for [[recreation]]al, [[leisur]], or [[business]] purposes. The [[Warld Tourism Organization]] defines '''tourists''' as fowk "travelin tae an stayin in places ootside thair uisual environment for nae mair nor ane consecutive year for leisur, business an ither purposes".<ref name="unwto1034">{{cite web|year=1995|url=http://pub.unwto.org/WebRoot/Store/Shops/Infoshop/Products/1034/1034-1.pdf|title=UNWTO technical manual: Collection of Tourism Expenditure Statistics|page=10|publisher=World Tourism Organization|accessdate=26 March 2009|archive-date=2010-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922120940/http://pub.unwto.org/WebRoot/Store/Shops/Infoshop/Products/1034/1034-1.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The '''speed o licht''' is the speed o aw [[electromagnetic waw]]s in a [[vaccuum]]. This is 299,792,458 [[metre]] per seicont (or awmaist 186,282.397 [[mile]] per seicont). A [[photon]] (pairticle o [[licht]]) traivels at this speed in a vaccuum.

{{Italic title}}
'''''Habeas corpus''''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|eɪ|b|i|ə|s|_|ˈ|k|ɔr|p|ə|s}}; [[Medieval Laitin]] translatin roughly tae "Ye should hae the body")<ref>{{cite web|title=habeas corpus|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/habeas%20corpus|website=Merriam-Webster|accessdate=22 April 2015}}</ref> is a [[Legal recoorse|recoorse in law]] whaurbi a person can report an [[arbitrary arrest an detention|unlawfu detention or imprisonment]] afore a [[court]], uisually throu a prison offeecial.<ref name=lect>{{cite web|url=http://www.lectlaw.com/def/h001.htm|title=Habeas Corpus Defined and Explained|work=lectlaw.com|access-date=2015-10-28|archive-date=2010-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100804004538/http://www.lectlaw.com/def/h001.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{italic title}}
{{taxobox
|name = ''Elymus repens''
|image = Kweek Elytrigia repens.jpg
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Commelinids]]
|ordo = [[Poales]]
|familia = [[Poaceae]]
|genus = ''[[Elymus (plant)|Elymus]]''
|species = '''''E. repens'''''
|binomial = ''Elymus repens''
|binomial_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Frank Walton Gould|Gould]]
|synonyms = *''Agropyron repens'' <small>(L.) [[Palisot de Beauvois|P.Beauv.]]</small>
*''Elytrigia repens'' <small>(L.) [[Nicaise Auguste Desvaux|Desv.]] ex [[Sergei Arsenjevic Nevski|Nevski]]</small>
*''Triticum repens'' <small>L.</small>
}}
'''''Elymus repens''''', commonly kent as '''couch girse''', '''pirl girse''' or '''ronnach''' is a very common [[perennial]] species o [[Poaceae|girse]] hamelt in maist o [[Europe]], [[Aisie]], the Arctic biome, an northwast [[Africae]].

'''North''' (cutty form '''nor'''') is ane o the fower main airts or airtins on a [[compass]]. North is for ordinar [[up]] on maist [[cairt]]s. [[Canadae]] is benorth o the [[Unitit States]], [[Venezuela]] is benorth o [[Brazil]], an [[Roushie]] is benorth o [[Indie]]. The [[North Powl]] is the yondermaist nor'lins ye can gang. In ither wirds it is the nor'maist place on the [[Yird]].

| native_name             = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|도봉구}}}}
| native_name_lang        = ko
| official_name           = {{lang|ko|{{nobold|도봉구 · 道峰區}}}}
| settlement_type         = [[Leet o destricts o Seoul|Destrict]]
<!-- images, nickname, motto --->
| image_skyline           = Dobong District.jpg
| imagesize               =
| image_alt               =
| image_caption           = Skyline o Dobong-gu (left side)
| image_flag              = 
| flag_alt                =
| image_seal              = 
| seal_alt                =
| image_shield            =
| shield_alt              =
| image_blank_emblem      = 
| nickname                =
| motto                   =
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| government_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_name             = Lee dong-jin (이동진)
| leader_title1           =
| leader_name1            = <!-- etc., up to leader_title4 / leader_name4 -->
<!-- maps and coordinates ------>
| image_map               = Seoul Dobong-gu.svg
| map_alt                 =
| map_caption             = Location o Dobong-gu in [[Seoul]]
| image_dot_map           =
| dot_mapsize             =
| dot_map_base_alt        =
| dot_map_alt             =
| dot_map_caption         =
| dot_x = |dot_y =
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = <!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_map_alt         =
| pushpin_map_caption     = &nbsp;
| coordinates             = 
| coor_pinpoint           = <!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) -->
| coordinates_footnotes   = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
<!-- location ------------------>
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Sooth Korea]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Leet o regions o Korea|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Seoul Naitional Caipital Aurie|Sudogwon]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Direct-controlled municipality#Sooth Korea|Special Ceety]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Seoul]]
| subdivision_type3       = Admeenistrative dong
| subdivision_name3       = 14
<!-- established --------------->
| established_title       = <!-- Settled -->
| established_date        =
| founder                 =
| named_for               =
<!-- seat, smaller parts ------->
| seat_type               = <!-- defaults to: Seat -->
| seat                    =
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| government_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = 
| leader_name             = 
| leader_title1           =
| leader_name1            = <!-- etc., up to leader_title4 / leader_name4 -->
<!-- display settings  --------->
| total_type              = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| unit_pref               = <!-- enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric -->
<!-- area ---------------------->
| area_magnitude          = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink -->
| area_footnotes          = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_total_km2          = 20.8
| area_total_sq_mi        = <!-- see table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details -->
| area_land_km2           =
| area_land_sq_mi         =
| area_water_km2          =
| area_water_sq_mi        =
| area_water_percent      =
| area_note               =
<!-- elevation ----------------->
| elevation_footnotes     = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_m             =
| elevation_ft            =
<!-- population ---------------->
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = 348,625
| population_as_of        = 2010<ref name="kosispop">[http://kosis.kr/abroad/abroad_01List.jsp?parentId=A Korean Statistical Information Service (Korean) > Population and Household > Census Result (2010) > Population by Administrative district, Sex and Age / Alien by Administrative district and Sex], Retrieved 2010-06-02.</ref>
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_density_sq_mi=
| population_est          =
| pop_est_as_of           =
| population_demonym      = <!-- demonym, ie. Liverpudlian for someone from Liverpool -->
| population_note         = 
<!-- time zone(s) -------------->
| timezone1               = [[Korea Staundart Time]]
| utc_offset1             = +9
| timezone1_DST           =
| utc_offset1_DST         =
<!-- postal codes, area code --->
| postal_code_type        =  <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code             =
| area_code_type          = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) -->
| area_code               =
<!-- website, footnotes -------->
| website                 = [http://www.dobong.go.kr/ Dobong-gu offeecial wabsteid]
| footnotes               =
}}

{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Tinamou
| image = Stavenn Eudromia elegans 00.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = [[Elegant Crestit Tinamou]] (''Eudromia elegans'')
| fossil_range = 
| parent_authority = [[Thomas Henry Huxley|Huxley]], 1872<ref name="SN">{{harvnb|Brands|2008}}</ref>
| taxon = Tinamidae
| authority = [[George Robert Gray|G. R. Gray]], 1840<ref name="SN" />
| type_species = ''[[Tetrao major]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin]], 1789
| diversity_link = Leet o Tinamidae species
| diversity = 2 subfaimilies, 9 genera, 47 species, 127 subspecies
| subdivision_ranks = Subfaimilies
| subdivision =
* [[Nothurinae]]
* [[Tinaminae]]
| synonyms =
* Crypturidae <small>Bonaparte, 1831</small>
* Tinamotidae <small>Bonaparte, 1854</small>
* Eudromiidae <small>Bonaparte, 1854</small>
* Rhynchotidae <small>von Boetticher, 1934</small>
| range_map = Tinamidi Distribuzione.jpg
| range_map_width = 250px
| range_map_caption =
<div style="text-align:left;"><big> {{Legend2|#00FE00| Range o the faimily|border=1px solid #aaa}} 
}}
'''Tinamous''' form an [[order (biology)|order]] (Tinamiformes) comprisin a single [[faimily (biology)|faimily]], wi twa distinct [[subfaimily|subfaimilies]], containin 47 species o birds foond in [[Mexico]], [[Central Americae]], an [[Sooth Americae]]. The wird "tinamou" comes frae the [[Carib leid|Galibi]] wird for these birds, ''tinamu''.<ref>{{harvnb|Gotch|1995|p=182}}</ref>

'''Vedanta''' ([[IAST]], ''{{IAST|Vedānta}}'', Sanskrit: वेदांत) or '''Uttara Mīmāṃsā''' is ane o the sax [[Āstika an nāstika|orthodox (''āstika'')]] schuils o [[Hindu philosophie]]. ''Vedanta'' leeterally means "end o the [[Vedas]]", reflectin ideas that emerged frae the speculations an philosophies conteened in the [[Upanishad]]s.

{{Italic title}}
{{speciesbox
|name = 
|image = (MHNT) Cruciata laevipes - Inflorescence.jpg
|image_caption = ''Cruciata laevipes''
|taxon = Cruciata laevipes
|authority = [[Philipp Maximilian Opiz|Opiz]]
|synonyms_ref = <ref name="reneepappini">[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=51752 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families ''Cruciata laevipes'']</ref>
|synonyms = *''Valantia cruciata'' <small>L.</small>
*''Galium cruciata'' <small>(L.) Scop.</small>
*''Galium cruciata'' var. ''laevipes'' <small>(Opiz) W.D.J.Koch</small>
*''Rubia cruciata'' <small>(L.) Baill.</small>
*''Valantia hirsuta'' <small>Gilib.</small>
*''Aparine latifolia'' <small>Moench</small>
*''Galium valantia'' <small>G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.</small>
*''Valantia ciliata'' <small>Opiz ex J.Presl & C.Presl</small>
*''Galium glabrifolium'' <small>Rochel</small>
*''Galium cruciata'' var. ''mucronata'' <small>Peterm.</small>
*''Cruciata ciliata'' <small>Opiz</small>
*''Cruciata hirsuta'' <small>Fourr.</small>
*''Galium luteocruciatum'' <small>St.-Lag.</small>
*''Valantia crucialis'' <small>Bubani</small>
}}
'''''Cruciata laevipes''''' is a [[speshies]] o [[flouerin plant]] in the [[Faimily (biology)|faimily]] [[Rubiaceae]].

{{Year dab|1868}}
{{Year nav|1868}}
{{C19 year in topic}}
__NOTOC__
Year '''1868''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCLXVIII]]''') wis a [[leap year stairtin on Wadensday]] (airt will display the full calendar) o the [[Gregorian Calendar]] an a [[leap year stairtin on Monanday]] o the 12-day slawer [[Julian calendar]].

{{fixscots|date=Mairch 2021}}

{{Punctuation marks|@}}
The '''at-sign''', ''@'', normally read alood as "at", an aa commonly cried the '''at seembol''' or '''commercial at''', an less commonly a wide range o ither terms (sic as the strudel<ref name=FOLDOC-strudel>{{cite web |publisher= FOLDOC |url= http://foldoc.org/strudel |title=strudel |accessdate= 2014-11-21 }}</ref>), is oreeginally an [[accoontin]] an commercial [[invyce]] abbreviation meanin "at a rate o" (e.g. 7 [[Widget (economics)|widgets]] @ [[Poond sign|£]]2 = £14). 
It wis nae includit on the keybuird o the earliest commercially successfu typewriters, but wis on at least ane 1889 model<ref name=shady>[http://www.shadycharacters.co.uk/2011/08/the-symbol-part-2-of-2/ "The @-symbol, part 2 of 2"], ''[http://www.shadycharacters.co.uk/ Shady Characters &#x2302; The secret life of punctuation]''</ref> an the very successfu [[Underwood Typewriter Company|Underwood]] models frae the "Underwood No. 5" in 1900 onward. It is nou universally includit on [[computer keybuird]]s. The merk is encodit at {{unichar|0040|Commercial AT|nlink=At sign|html=}}.

is made frae ice, itself resultin frae [[snaw]] accumulation.]]

{{fixscots}}
{{unsourced}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Tetrapods
| image = Extant tetrapoda.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Representatives o the fower classes of extant tetrapods, (clockwise frae upper left): a [[frog]] (an [[amphibian]]), a [[hoatzin]] (a [[bird]]), a [[skink]] (a [[reptile]]), an a [[moose]] (a [[mammal]])
| taxon = Tetrapoda
| authority = authority unkent, afore 1912
| subdivision_ranks = Subgroups
| subdivision =
* Class [[Amphibian|Amphibia]]
* Series [[Amniote|Amniota]]
** Clade [[Sauropsida]]
***Class [[Reptile|Reptilia]]
***Class [[Bird|Aves]]
** Clade [[Synapsida]]
*** Class [[Mammal]]ia
}}
The [[superclass (biology)|superclass]] '''Tetrapoda''' ([[Auncient Greek]] τετραπόδηs tetrapodēs, "fower-fittit"), or the '''tetrapods''', comprises the first fower-limbed [[vertebrate]]s an thair descendants, includin the livin an extinct [[amphibian]]s, [[reptile]]s, [[bird]]s, an [[mammal]]s.

|conventional_long_name = Austrick Empire
|common_name            = Austrick
|
|image_flag             = Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg
|flag                   = Banner o Austrick
|image_coat             = Imperial Coat of Arms of the Empire of Austria (1815).svg
|symbol                 = Coat o airms o Austrick
|symbol_type            = Imperial Coat o airms
|image_map              = Austrian Empire (1815).svg
|image_map_caption      = The Austrick Empire in 1815.
|
| continent              = Europe
| region                 = Central Europe
| country                = Austrick
| era                    = [[Modren history|Modren era]]
| status                 = [[States o the German Confederation|State]] o the [[German Confederation]]<br/><small>(pairtly, 1815–1866)</small>
| status_text            = 
| government_type        = [[Absolute monarchy]]
|
|stat_year1             = 1804
|stat_area1             = 698700
|stat_pop1              = 21200000
|stat_year2             = 1918
|stat_area2             = 681727
|stat_pop2              = 52000000
|year_start             = 1804
|year_end               = 1867
|
|event_start            = [[Proclamation]]
|date_start             = 11 August
|event_end              = [[Austro-Hungarian Compromise o 1867|Compromise o 1867]]
|date_end               = 30 Mairch
|event1 = [[Dissolution o the Haly Roman Empire]]
|date_event1 = 6 August 1806
|event2                 = [[Congress o Vienna]]
|date_event2            = 8 Juin 1815
|event3                 = [[October Diploma|Constitution adoptit]]
|date_event3            = 20 October 1860
|event4                 = [[Austro-Proushie War]]
|date_event4            = 14 Juin 1866
|event5                 = [[Peace o Prague (1866)|Peace o Prague]]
|date_event5            = 23 August 1866
|
|p1      = Airchduchy o Austrick
|flag_p1 = Flag of Austria.svg
|p2      = Kinrick o Bohemie
|flag_p2 = Flag of Bohemia.svg
|p3      = Kinrick o Croatie (Habsburg)
|flag_p3 = Flag of the Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg).svg
|p4      = Kinrick o Hungary (1526–1867)
|flag_p4 = Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg
|
|s1      = Austrick-Hungary
|flag_s1 = Flag of Austria-Hungary 1869-1918.svg
|s2      = Kinrick o Italy
|flag_s2 = Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg
|
|national_motto   = ''{{lang|de|[[A.E.I.O.U.|Alles Erdreich ist Österreich untertan]]}}''<br /><small>"{{lang|sco|Aw the warld is subject tae Austrick}}"</small>
|national_anthem  = ''{{lang|de|[[Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser]]}}''<br /><small>"{{lang|sco|God Save Emperor Francis}}"</small>
|common_languages = [[German leid|German]], [[Hungarian leid|Hungarian]], [[Czech leid|Czech]], [[Slovak leid|Slovak]], [[Pols leid|Pols]], [[Ruthenian leid|Ruthenian]], [[Slovene leid|Slovene]], [[Croatie leid|Croatie]], [[Serbie leid|Serbie]], [[Romanie leid|Romanie]], [[Italian leid|Italian]]
|religion         = [[Catholic Kirk|Roman Catholic]]
|currency         = [[Thaler]],<br/><small>(1804–1857)</small><br/>[[Vereinsthaler]]<br/><small>(1857–1867)</small>
|
|capital      = [[Vienna]]
|latd=48|latm=12|latNS=N|longd=16|longm=21|longEW=E
|largest_city = [[Vienna]]
|title_leader = [[Emperor o Austrick|Emperor]]
|leader1      = [[Francis II, Haly Roman Emperor|Francis I]]
|year_leader1 = 1804–1835
|leader2      = [[Ferdinand I o Austrick|Ferdinand I]]
|year_leader2 = 1835–1848
|leader3      = [[Franz Joseph I o Austrick|Franz Joseph I]]
|year_leader3 = 1848–1867
|title_deputy = [[Leet o Meenisters-Preses o Austrick|Meenister-Preses]]
|deputy1      = [[Klemens von Metternich|Klemens Wenzel]] <small>(first)</small>
|year_deputy1 = 1821–1848
|deputy2      = [[Coont Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust|Friedrich Ferdinand]] <small>(last)</small>
|year_deputy2 = 1867
|legislature  = [[Imperial Cooncil (Austrick)|Imperial Cooncil]]
|house1       = [[Imperial Cooncil (Austrick)#Hoose o Lairds|Herrenhaus]]
|house2       = [[Imperial Cooncil (Austrick)#Hoose o Representatives|Abgeordnetenhaus]]
|today        = {{plainlist}}
* {{flag|Austrick}}
* {{flag|Croatie}}
* {{flag|Czech Republic}}
* {{flag|Hungary}}
* {{flag|Italy}}
* {{flag|Montenegro}}
* {{flag|Poland}}
* {{flag|Romanie}}
* {{flag|Serbie}}
* {{flag|Slovakie}}
* {{flag|Slovenie}}
* {{flag|Ukraine}}
{{endplainlist}}
}}
The '''Austrick Empire''' ({{lang-de-AT|Kaiserthum Oesterreich}}, modren spellin ''{{lang|de|Kaiserthum Österreich}}'') wis creatit oot o the [[Habsburg Monarchy|realms o the Habsburgs]] bi proclamation in 1804.

<!---Start of article--->
'''Berkshire''' ({{IPAc-en|icon|ˈ|b|ɑr|k|ʃ|ər}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɑr|k|ʃ|ɪər}}, abbreviated '''Berks''') is baith a [[Ceremonial coonties o Ingland|ceremonial coonty]] an a [[Historic coonties o Ingland|historic coonty]] o [[Ingland]]. The [[Admeenistrative coonties o Ingland|admeenistrative coonty]] o Berkshire includin the '''Berkshire County Council''' wur abolished in 1998. The coonty is aften referred tae as the '''Royal County of Berkshire''' acause o the presence o the ryal residence o [[Windsor Castle]] in the county; this uisage, which dates tae the 19t century at least, wis recognised bi the Queen in 1957, an [[letters patent]] issued confirmin this in 1974.<ref>{{cite news|title="The Royal County of Berkshire". Title Confirmed by the Queen|date=30 December 1957|work=The Times |location=UK}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.berkshirerecordoffice.org.uk/collections/jubilee/jubilee_story4.htm |accessdate=22 April 2007 |title=Berkshire, The Royal County |author=[[Berkshire Record Office]] |work=Golden Jubilee 2002 collection |archive-date=2007-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310183151/http://www.berkshirerecordoffice.org.uk/collections/jubilee/jubilee_story4.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{about||the place in Armenie|Kard, Armenie|the places in Iran|Kard-e Bala|an|Kard-e Pain}}

{{Chembox|Watchedfields=chynged|verifiedrevid=477167214|ImageFile=Ethylene-CRC-MW-dimensions-2D.png|ImageSize=160px|ImageFileL1=Ethylene-CRC-MW-3D-balls.png|ImageFileR1=Ethylene-3D-vdW.png|IUPACName=Ethene|OtherNames=|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 91GW059KN7
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = C06547
| InChIKey = VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYAE
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C2H4/c1-2/h1-2H2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo = 74-85-1
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 117822
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 6325
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 18153
| SMILES = C=C
| InChI=1/C2H4/c1-2/h1-2H2
| EC_number = 200-815-3
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 6085
  }}|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = {{chem|C|2|H|4}}
| MolarMass = 28.05 g/mol
| Appearance = colourless gas
| Density = 1.178&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup> at 15&nbsp;°C, gas<ref name="GESTIS">{{GESTIS|ZVG=12710|Name=Ethylene|Date=25 October 2007}}</ref>
| MeltingPtC = -169.2
| BoilingPtC = -103.7
| Solubility = 3.5&nbsp;mg/100 mL (17&nbsp;°C);{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}} 2.9&nbsp;mg/L<ref name="neilands">Neiland, O. Ya. (1990) ''Органическая химия: Учебник для хим. спец. вузов''. Moscow. Vysshaya Shkola. p. 128.</ref>
| Solubility1 = 4.22&nbsp;mg/L<ref name="neilands" />
| Solvent1 = ethanol
| Solubility2 = guid<ref name="neilands" />
| Solvent2 = diethyl ether
| pKa = 44
| ConjugateAcid = [[Ethenium]]
| MagSus = -15.30·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol  }}|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| MolShape = D<sub>2h</sub>
| Dipole = zero
  }}|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = +52.47 kJ/mol
| DeltaHc =
| Entropy = 219.32 J·K<sup>−1</sup>·mol<sup>−1</sup>
| HeatCapacity =
  }}|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0475.htm ICSC 0475]
| EUClass = {{Hazchem F+}}
| RPhrases = {{R12}} {{R67}}
| SPhrases = {{(S2)}} {{S9}} {{S16}} {{S33}} {{S46}}
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 4
| NFPA-R = 2
| NFPA-S =
| FlashPtC = -136
| AutoignitionPtC = 542.8
  }}<ref>[http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/8655 ETHYLENE | CAMEO Chemicals | NOAA]. Cameochemicals.noaa.gov. Retrieved on 2016-04-24.</ref>|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherFunction =
| OtherFunction_label =
| OtherCompounds = [[Ethane]]<br />[[Acetylene]] <br />[[Propene]]
  }}||}}

Thir is the '''fowk on [[Clydesdale Bank]] notes''', denominatit in [[poond sterling|poonds sterling]]:

The '''Iberie Peninsula''' ([[Asturian leid|Asturian]], [[Galician leid|Galician]], [[Leonese leid|Leonese]], [[Mirandese leid|Mirandese]], [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]], an {{lang-es|Península Ibérica}}, {{lang-ca|Península Ibèrica}}, [[Aragonese leid|Aragonese]] an {{lang-oc|Peninsula Iberica}}, {{lang-fr|Péninsule Ibérique}}, {{lang-eu|Iberiar Penintsula}}), commonly cried '''Iberie''', is a [[peninsula]] locatit in the extreme sooth-wast o [[Europe]] an includes the modren-day [[sovereign state]]s o [[Spain]], [[Portugal]], [[Andorra]], an pairt o [[Fraunce]], as well as the [[Breetish Owerseas Territory]] o [[Gibraltar]].

'''Nazism''' (''Nationalsozialismus'', '''Naitional Socialism'''; alternatively spelled '''Naziism''' wis the [[ideology]] an practice o the [[Nazi Party]] an o [[Nazi Germany]]. It wis a unique variety o [[fascism]] that involved [[Scientific racism|biological racism]] an [[antisemitism]]. Nazism presented itself as [[Syncretic politics|politically syncretic]], incorporating policies, tactics an philosophies frae [[Left–right politics|right- an left-wing]] ideologies; in practice, Nazism wis a [[Far-right politics|far right]] form o politics.

| birth_place       = [[Morrison, Illinois]], U.S.
| nationality       = [[Unitit States]]
| death_date        = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1953|12|19|1868|3|22}}
| death_place       = [[San Marino, Californie]], U.S.
| field             = [[Pheesics]]
| workplaces        =
{{Plainlist |
* [[Varsity o Chicago]]
* [[California Institute of Technology]]
}}
| alma_mater        =
{{Plainlist |
* [[Oberlin College]]
* [[Columbia Varsity]]
}}
| thesis_title      = On the polarization of light emitted from the surfaces of incandescent solids and liquids.
| thesis_url        = http://clio.columbia.edu/catalog/1883118
| thesis_year       = 1895
| doctoral_advisor  =
{{Plainlist |
* [[Ogden Rood|Ogden Nicholas Rood]]<ref>Physics Tree profile [http://academictree.org/physics/peopleinfo.php?pid=22787 Robert A Millikan]</ref>
}}
| academic_advisors = [[Mihajlo Pupin]] <br>[[Albert A. Michelson]] <br>[[Walther Nernst]]
| doctoral_students =
{{Plainlist |
* [[Chung-Yao Chao]]
* [[Robley D. Evans (pheesicist)|Robley D. Evans]]
* [[Harvey Fletcher]]
* [[Charles Christian Lauritsen|C. C. Lauritsen]]
* [[William Hayward Pickering|William Pickering]]
* [[Ralph A. Sawyer]]
}}
| known_for         =
{{Plainlist |
* Chairge o the [[electron]]
* [[Photoelectric effect]]
* [[Cosmic ray]] pheesics
}}
| prizes            =
{{Plainlist |
* [[Comstock Prize in Pheesics|Comstock Prize]] {{small|(1913)}}<ref name=Comstock>
{{cite web
| title             = Comstock Prize in Physics
| url               = http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_comstock
| publisher         = National Academy of Sciences
| accessdate        = February 13, 2011}}
</ref>
* [[IEEE Edison Medal]] {{small|(1922)}}
* [[Nobel Prize in Pheesics]] {{small|(1923)}}
* [[Hughes Medal]] {{small|(1923)}}
* [[Matteucci Medal]] <small>(1925)</small>
* [[ASME Medal]] {{small|(1926)}}
* [[Franklin Medal]] {{small|(1937)}}
* [[Oersted Medal]] {{small|(1940)}}
* [[Medal for Merit]] {{small|(1949)}}<ref name=Merit>
{{cite news 
| date              = March 22, 1949
| title             = Millikan, son, aide get medals of merit
| url               = http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/03/22/84201660.html?pageNumber=30
| newspaper         = New York Times 
| accessdate        = October 27, 2014}}
</ref>
}}
| spouse            = Greta {{née}} Blanchard
| children          = 
{{Plainlist |
* [[Clark Blanchard Millikan|Clark Blanchard]]
* [[Glenn Allan Millikan|Glenn Allan]]
* Max Franklin
}}                    
| module            = 
</ref>
| serviceyears      = 1917–1918
| rank              = [[Lieutenant Colonel (Unitit States)|Lieutenant Colonel]]
| unit               = [[Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps]]
| commands=
}}
| signature         = Robert Andrews Milliken signature.svg
}}
'''Robert Andrews Millikan''' (Mairch 22, 1868 – December 19, 1953) wis an American experimental [[pheesics|pheesicist]] honoured wi the [[Nobel Prize for Pheesics]] in 1923 for the meisurment o the [[Elementar chairge|elementar electronic chairge]] an for his wirk on the [[photoelectric effect]]. He wis a [[Congregational kirk|Congregationalist]].<ref name="Millikan 1929">{{Who's Who | volume=1920-1929 | year= 1929 | surname= Millikan | othernames=  Robert Andrews | id=U240788  | doi= 10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U240788 |type=was}}
</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060302191706/http://www.adherents.com/people/pm/Robert_Millikan.html The Religious Affiliation of Physicist Robert Andrews Millikan]. adherents.com</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}

</ref>  Wh/kg}}|EtoS={{nowrap|30 [[Watt hour|Wh]]/[[Liter|l]]}}|PtoW={{nowrap|100<ref name="batcomp">[http://www.mpoweruk.com/specifications/comparisons.pdf mpoweruk.com: Accumulator and battery comparisons (pdf)]</ref> W/kg}}|CtoDE=<65%<ref name="mpoweruk">[http://www.mpoweruk.com/nickel_iron.htm Mpower: Nickel Iron Batteries]</ref>|EtoCP=1.5 – 6.6<ref name="batcomp"/> Wh/[[USD|US$]]|SDR=20%<ref name="batcomp"/> – 30%<ref name="batcomp"/>/month|TD=30<ref name="mpoweruk"/> – 50 years<ref name="faqnife">{{Cite web |url=http://www.beutilityfree.com/index.php/products/nickel-iron-batteries/nickel-iron-faq-s |title="Nickel Iron Battery Frequently Asked Questions" BeUtilityFree |access-date=2018-04-25 |archive-date=2016-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221090004/http://www.beutilityfree.com/index.php/products/nickel-iron-batteries/nickel-iron-faq-s |url-status=dead }}</ref>|CD=Repeated deep discharge does not reduce life significantly.<ref name="mpoweruk"/>|NomV=1.2 V<ref name="batcomp"/>|CTI=min. −40 °C – max.46 °C<ref name="nifebooklet">Web archive backup: [https://web.archive.org/web/20041012143321/http://home.cybertron.com/~edurand/Otherstuff/otherstuff.html Edison Battery Booklet] original instruction book for the Edison battery</ref>}}

</ref>
|Governor        = [[Greg Abbott]] ([[Republican Pairty (Unitit States)|R]])
|Lieutenant Governor = [[David Dewhurst]] (R)
|Legislature     = [[Texas Legislatur]]
|Upperhouse      = [[Texas Senate|Senate]]
|Lowerhouse      = [[Texas Hoose o Representatives|Hoose o Representatives]]
|Senators        = [[John Cornyn]] (R)<br />[[Ted Cruz]] (R)
|Representative  = 23 Republicans, 9 Democrats
|PostalAbbreviation = TX
|TradAbbreviation = Tex.
|BorderingStates = [[Arkansas]], [[Louisiana]],<br />[[New Mexico]], [[Oklahoma]]
|OfficialLang    = Nae offeecial leid<br />(see [[Leids o Texas|Leids spoken in Texas]])
|Languages       = Inglis 68.7%<br />Spainyie 27.0%<ref>{{Cite book| url=http://www.mla.org/map_data_results%26state_id%3D48%26mode%3Dstate_tops%26ll%3Dall| title=Texas&nbsp;— Languages| publisher=MLA| accessdate=April 15, 2010| archive-date=2015-10-26| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026111623/http://www.mla.org/map_data_results%26state_id%3D48%26mode%3Dstate_tops%26ll%3Dall| url-status=dead}}</ref>
|AreaRank        = 2nt
|TotalAreaUS     = 268,581<ref name="facts">{{cite book |year=2008 |title=Facts |edition=2008–2009 |publisher=[[Texas Almanac]] |url=http://www.texasalmanac.com/facts/ |accessdate=April 29, 2008 |archive-date=2010-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210171606/http://www.texasalmanac.com/facts/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|TotalArea       = 696,241
|LandAreaUS      = 261,797<ref name="facts"/>
|LandArea        = 678,051
|WaterAreaUS     = 6,784<ref name="facts"/>
|WaterArea       = 17,574
|PCWater         = 2.5
|PopRank         = 2nt
|2000Pop         = 25,674,681 (2011 est)<ref name=PopEstUS>{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2015/tables/NST-EST2015-01.csv |format=CSV |title=Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015 |date=December 23, 2015 |publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |accessdate=December 23, 2015}}</ref>
|DensityRank     = 26t
|2000DensityUS   = 98.1
|2000Density     = 37.9
|Total GDP       = $1,065,891,000
|Total GDP Rank  = 2nt
|Per capita GDP  = $43,283
|Per Capita GDP Rank = 16t
|AdmittanceOrder = 28t
|AdmittanceDate  = 29 December 1845
|TimeZone        = [[Central Time Zone (North Americae)|Central]]: [[Coordinatit Universal Time|UTC]] [[Central Staundart Time|−6]]/[[Central Daylicht Time|−5]]
|TZ1Where        = maist o state
|TimeZone2       = [[Muntain Time Zone|Muntain]]: [[Coordinatit Universal Time|UTC]] [[Muntain Staundart Time|−7]]/[[Muntain Daylicht Time|−6]]
|TZ2Where        = tip o [[Wast Texas]]
|Latitude        = 25° 50′ N tae 36° 30′ N
|Longitude       = 93° 31′ W tae 106° 39′ W
|WidthUS         = 773<ref name="environment">{{cite web |year=2008 |title=Environment |edition=2008–2009 |publisher=Texas Almanac |url=http://www.texasalmanac.com/environment/ |accessdate=April 29, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317214833/http://www.texasalmanac.com/environment/ |archivedate=2008-03-17 |url-status=dead }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317214833/http://www.texasalmanac.com/environment/ |date=2008-03-17 }}</ref>
|Width           = 1,244
|LengthUS        = 790
|Length          = 1,270
|HighestPoint    = [[Guadalupe Peak]]<ref>{{cite ngs|id=CD0994|designation=El Capitan|accessdate=October 20, 2011}}</ref><ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|title=Elevations and Distances in the United States|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|year=2001|accessdate=October 24, 2011|archive-date=2011-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=NAVD88>Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].</ref>
|HighestElevUS   = 8,751
|HighestElev     = 2667.4
|MeanElevUS      = 1,700
|MeanElev        = 520
|LowestPoint     = [[Guwf o Mexico]]<ref name=USGS/>
|LowestElevUS    = 0
|LowestElev      = 0
|ISOCode         = US-TX
|ElectoralVotes  = 34
|Website         = www.texas.gov/
}}
'''Texas''' is the [[Leet o U.S. states an territories bi population|seicont maist populous]] an the [[Leet o U.S. states an territories bi aurie|seicont maist extensive]] o the [[Leet o U.S. states|50 states]] in the [[Unitit States|Unitit States o Americae]], an the maist extensive state o the [[48 contiguous Unitit States]]. The name, based on the [[Caddo leid|Caddo wird]] ''tejas'' meanin "friends" or "allies", wis applee'd bi the Spaingie tae the [[Caddo]] thairsels an tae the region o thair dounset in [[East Texas]].<ref>[http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/pft04 Texas, origin of name] ''Handbook of Texas Online''</ref> Texas haes an aurie o {{convert|268820|sqmi|km2}}, an a growin population of 25.7 million residents.<ref>{{cite web | title = U.S. Census Bureau Announces 2010 Census Population Counts – Apportionment Counts Delivered to President | work = Press Release | publisher = U.S. Census Bureau | date = December 21, 2010 | url = http://2010.census.gov/news/releases/operations/cb10-cn93.html | accessdate = February 7, 2011 | archive-date = 2010-12-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101224044247/http://2010.census.gov/news/releases/operations/cb10-cn93.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

{{fixscots|September 2020}}

{{fixscots|date=Januar 2021}}

{{fixscots}}
 instead -->
| type                    = [[Depairtments o Fraunce|Depairtment]]
| image_skyline           = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = 
| image_flag              = 
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Blason département fr Seine-et-Marne.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Seine-et-Marne-Position.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location o Seine-et-Marne in Fraunce
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|48|36|N|03|00|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd_scale:1000000_source:frwiki|display=inline}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Fraunce]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions o Fraunce|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Île-de-France (region)|Île-de-France]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = [[Prefecturs in Fraunce|Prefectur]]
| seat                    = [[Melun]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefecturs in Fraunce|Subprefecturs]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Fontainebleau]]<br>[[Meaux]]<br>[[Provins]]<br>[[Torcy, Seine-et-Marne|Torcy]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = [[Preses o the general cooncil|Preses o the General Cooncil]]
| leader_name             = [[Vincent Eblé]]
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude          = 
| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 5915
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_max_m         = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = 1289524
| population_as_of        = 2007
| population_rank         = [[Leet o French depairtments bi population|11t]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 77
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements o France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[arrondissements o the Seine-et-Marne depairtment|5]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in Fraunce|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[cantons o the Seine-et-Marne depairtment|43]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in Fraunce|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[communes o the Seine-et-Marne depairtment|514]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = 
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude [[estuar]]s, an lakes, ponds, an glaciers lairger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
}}

{{chembox
| Watchedfields = chynged
| verifiedrevid = 476994545
| ImageFile = Potassium carbonate.svg
| ImageFile1 = Potassium-carbonate-xtal-3D-SF.png
| ImageFile2 = Potassium carbonate.jpg
| ImageSize = 
| IUPACName = Potassium carbonate
| OtherNames = Potash, pearl ash
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
|   ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 10949
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = BQN1B9B9HA
| InChI = 1/CH2O3.2K/c2-1(3)4;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;/q;2*+1/p-2
| InChIKey = BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-NUQVWONBAS
| SMILES = C(=O)([O-])[O-].[K+].[K+]
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/CH2O3.2K/c2-1(3)4;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;/q;2*+1/p-2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L
| CASNo = 584-08-7
|    CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|   PubChem = 11430
|   RTECS = TS7750000
  }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>
|   MolarMass = 138.205 g/mol
|   Appearance = white, [[hygroscopic]]  solid
|   Density = 2.43 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
|   MeltingPtC = 891
|   BoilingPt = decomposes
|   Solubility = 112 g/100 mL (20 °C) <br> 156 g/100 mL (100 °C)
|   SolubleOther = insoluble in [[alcohol]], [[acetone]]
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   ExternalMSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1588.htm ICSC 1588]
|   EUIndex = Not listed
|   LD50 = 1870 mg/kg<sup>−1</sup>
|   MainHazards = Irritant
|   RPhrases = {{R22}} {{R36}} {{R37}} {{R38}}
|   SPhrases = 
|   NFPA-H = 1
|   NFPA-F = 0
|   NFPA-R = 0
|   NFPA-O = 
|   FlashPt = Non-flammable
|   LD50 = 1870 mg/kg (oral, rat)<ref>http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/584-08-7</ref>
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
|   OtherAnions = [[Potassium bicarbonate]]
|   OtherCations = [[Lithium carbonate]]<br/>[[Sodium carbonate]]<br/>[[Rubidium carbonate]]<br/>[[Caesium carbonate]]
|   OtherCpds = [[Ammonium carbonate]]
  }}
}}
'''Potassium carbonate''' ([[Potassium|K<sub>2</sub>]][[Carbonate|CO<sub>3</sub>]]) is a white saut, [[soluble]] in [[watter]] (insoluble in [[ethanol]]<ref>http://www.researchgate.net/publication/231535294_Solubility_of_Potassium_Carbonate_and_Potassium_Hydrocarbonate_in_Methanol</ref>), which forms a strangly [[alkaline]] solution.

{{taxobox
 | name                = Whin sparrae
 | status              = LC
 | status_system       = IUCN3.1
 | status_ref          = <ref name=IUCN>{{IUCN|id=22718270 |title=''Passer montanus'' |assessors=[[BirdLife International]] |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}</ref>
 | image               = Tree Sparrow Japan Flip.jpg
 | image_caption       = Adult o subspecies ''P. m. saturatus'' in Japan
 | image_width         = 
 | regnum              = [[Animal]]ia
 | phylum              = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
 | classis             = [[Bird|Aves]]
 | ordo                = [[passerine|Passeriformes]]
 | familia             = [[sparrow|Passeridae]]
 | genus               = ''[[Passer]]''
 | species             = '''''P. montanus'''''
 | binomial            = ''Passer montanus''
 | binomial_authority  = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)
 | range_map           = Passermontanusmap.png
 | range_map_width     = 
 | range_map_caption   = '''Afro-Eurasian distribution'''
<div style="margin-left: 1em; text-align: left;">
<big>{{Legend2|#FFFF00|Breedin simmer veesitor|border=1px solid #aaa}}<br />{{Legend2|#007D10|Resident breeder|border=1px solid #aaa}}<br />{{Legend2|#00FFFF|Non-breedin winter visitor |border=1px solid #aaa}}</big>
</div>
 | synonyms            = 
* ''Fringilla montana'' <small>[[Linnaeus]] 1758</small>
* ''Loxia scandens'' <small>Hermann 1783</small>
* ''Passer arboreus'' <small>Foster 1817</small>
}}
The '''whin sparrae''' (''Passer montanus'') is a [[passerine]] bird in the [[sparrae]] faimily wi a rich chestnut croun an nape, an a black patch on ilka pure white cheek.

{{fixscots|date=Mairch 2021}}

}}
The '''Venice Film Festival''' or '''Venice Internaitional Film Festival''' ({{lang-it|Mostra Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica della Biennale di Venezia}}, "Internaitional Exhibeetion o Cinematografic Airt o the [[Venice Biennale]]"), foondit in 1932, is the auldest film festival in the warld an ane o the "[[Film festival#Notable festivals|Big Three]]" film festivals alangside the [[Cannes Film Festival]] an [[Berlin Internaitional Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/venice-film-festival-unveils-lineup-720770|title=Venice: David Gordon Green's 'Manglehorn,' Abel Ferrara's 'Pasolini' in Competition Lineup|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|last=Anderson|first=Ariston}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://time.com/3291348/addio-lido-last-postcards-from-the-venice-film-festival/|title=Addio, Lido: Last Postcards from the Venice Film Festival|work=[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]}}</ref>

|death_place=[[Salerno]], [[Duchy o Apulie]]
|previous_post=Cardinal-Deacon o Santa Maria Domnica (1058–73)
|other=Gregory
|feast_day        = 25 Mey
|venerated        = [[Roman Catholic Kirk]]
|saint_title      = 
|beatified_date   = 1584
|beatified_place  = 
|beatified_by     = [[Pape Gregory XIII]]
|canonized_date   = 24 Mey 1728
|canonized_place  = 
|canonized_by     = [[Pape Benedict XIII]]
|attributes       = {{unbulleted list|Papal vestments|[[Papal tiara]]}}
|patronage        = [[Roman Catholic Diocese o Pitigliano-Sovana-Orbetello|Diocese o Sovana]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diocesipitigliano.it/diocesi/in_evidenza/00000379_Omelia_del_Vescovo_nella_Festa_di_San_Gregorio_VII.html|title=Omelia del Vescovo nella Festa di San Gregorio VII|publisher=Diocese of Sovana-Pitigliano|date=2014|accessdate=12 November 2014|archive-date=2014-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112054013/http://www.diocesipitigliano.it/diocesi/in_evidenza/00000379_Omelia_del_Vescovo_nella_Festa_di_San_Gregorio_VII.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|shrine           =
}}
'''Saunt Gregory VII''' ({{lang-la|Gregorius VII}}; {{circa}} 1015/1028<ref>Recent analysis o Gregory's remains indicates he wis aroond 70 at his daith. {{cite journal|first=Agostino|last=Paravicini Bagliani|journal=Medioevo|issue=143|date=December 2008|page=62}}</ref> – 25 Mey 1085), born '''Hildebrand o Sovana''' ({{lang-it|Ildebrando da Soana}}), wis [[Pape]] frae 22 Aprile 1073 tae his daith in 1085. Gregory VII wis beatified bi [[Pape Gregory XIII]] in 1584 an canonised in 1728 bi [[Pape Benedict XIII]].<ref name="CE">{{CathEncy | wstitle =Pope St. Gregory VII | author = Thomas Oestreich}}</ref>

<br/>1987–1988: {{convert|4144|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<br/>1987–1988 GT: {{convert|4193|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
|width = 1984–1986: {{convert|1750|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<br/>1987–1988: {{convert|1753|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
|height = {{convert|1191|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
|wheelbase = {{convert|2373|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
|weight = 
|designer = [[Hulki Aldikacti]] & [[George Milidrag]]
}}

{{fixscots}}
{{unsoorced}}
{{taxobox
|image = Coffee Flowers.JPG
|image_caption = Flowering branches of ''[[Coffea arabica]]''
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
|ordo = [[Gentianales]]
|familia = [[Rubiaceae]]
|subfamilia = [[Ixoroideae]]
|tribus = [[Coffeeae]]
|genus = '''''Coffea'''''
|genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|type_species = ''[[Coffea arabica]]''
|type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
'''''Coffea''''' is a [[genus]] o [[flouerin plant]]s whose [[seed]]s, cried [[coffee beans]], are uised tae mak [[coffee]]. It is a member o the [[Rubiaceae]] [[Faimily (biology)|faimily]]. Thay are [[shrub]]s or smaa [[tree]]s native tae tropical an soothren [[Africae]] an tropical [[Asie]]. Coffee ranks as ane o the warld's maist valuable an widely tradit [[commodity]] [[crap]]s an is an important [[export]] product o several kintras.

{{fixscots|date=October 2020}}

{{Chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
|  verifiedrevid = 464364488
|  ImageFile1 = Ammonia-dimensions-from-Greenwood&Earnshaw-2D.png
|   ImageSize1 = 200px
|   ImageName1 = Stereo structural formula o ammonia
|  ImageFileL1 = Ammonia-3D-balls-A.png
|   ImageSizeL1 = 125px
|   ImageNameL1 = Baw-an-stick model o the ammonia molecule
|  ImageFileR1 = Ammonia-3D-vdW.png
|   ImageSizeR1 = 125 px
|   ImageNameR1 = Space-fillin model o the ammonia molecule
| IUPACName = Azane
|  OtherNames = Hydrogen nitride<br />
Trihydrogen nitride<br />
Nitro-Sil
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
|  InChI = 1/H3N/h1H3
| InChIKey = QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYAF
| CASNo = 7664-41-7
|   CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|  PubChem = 222
|   PubChem_Ref = {{Pubchemcite}}
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 1160819
|  ChemSpiderID = 217
|   ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
|  UNII = 5138Q19F1X
|   UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
|  EINECS = 231-635-3
|  UNNumber = 1005
|  KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D02916
|  MeSHName = Ammonia
|  ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 16134
|  RTECS = BO0875000
|  SMILES = N
|  StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/H3N/h1H3
|  StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|  Beilstein = 3587154
|  Gmelin = 79
|  3DMet = B00004}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = NH<sub>3</sub>
| MolarMass = 17.031 g/mol
| Appearance = Colourless gas
| Odor = strong pungent odor
| Density = 0.86&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup> (1.013 bar at boiling point)<br />0.73&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup> (1.013 bar at 15&nbsp;°C)<br />681.9&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup> at −33.3&nbsp;°C (liquid)<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=qPGzhL3Y50YC&pg=PA132|page=132|title=Systematic Inorganic Chemistry|author=Yost, Don M.|chapter=Ammonia and Liquid Ammonia Solutions|publisher=READ BOOKS|year=2007|isbn=1-4067-7302-6}}</ref><br />817&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup> at −80&nbsp;°C (transparent solid)<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/00337577508240819|title=On crystalline character of transparent solid ammonia|year=1975|author=Blum, Alexander|journal=Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids|volume=24|issue=4|page=277}}</ref>
| MeltingPtC = −77.73
| BoilingPtC = −33.34
| Solubility = 47% (0&nbsp;°C)<br />31% (25&nbsp;°C)<br />28% (50&nbsp;°C)<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=0fT4wfhF1AsC&pg=PA17|page=17|title=Handbook of inorganic compounds |author=Perry, Dale L.; Phillips, Sidney L.|publisher=CRC Press|year=1995|isbn=0-8493-8671-3}}</ref>
| SolubleOther = soluble in [[chloroform]], [[ether]], [[ethanol]], [[methanol]]
| Solvent =
| pKa = 32.5 (−33&nbsp;°C),<ref>Perrin, D. D., ''Ionisation Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases in Aqueous Solution''; 2nd Ed., Pergamon Press: Oxford, '''1982'''.</ref> 10.5 (DMSO)
| pKb = 4.75
| RefractIndex = 1.3327
| Viscosity = 0.276 cP (-40 °C)
| VaporPressure = 8573 h Pa
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| MolShape = [[Trigonal pyramid (chemistry)|Trigonal pyramid]]
| Dipole = 1.42 [[Debye|D]]
}}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
|   DeltaHf = −46&nbsp;kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup><ref name=b1>{{cite book| author = Zumdahl, Steven S.|title =Chemical Principles 6th Ed| url = https://archive.org/details/chemicalprincipl0000zumd_u9g0| publisher = Houghton Mifflin Company| year = 2009| isbn = 0-618-94690-X|page=A22}}</ref>
|   Entropy = 193&nbsp;J·mol<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup><ref name=b1/>
 }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   GHSPictograms = {{GHSp|GHS04}}{{GHSp|GHS05}}{{GHSp|GHS06}}{{GHSp|GHS09}}<ref name="sigma">{{Sigma-Aldrich|id=294993|name=Ammonia|accessdate=2013-07-20}}</ref>
|   HPhrases = {{H-phrases|221|280|314|331|400}}<ref name="sigma" />
|   PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|261|273|280|305+351+338|310}}<ref name="sigma" />
| External MSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0414.htm ICSC 0414] (anhydrous)
| EUIndex = 007-001-00-5 (anhydrous)<br />007-001-01-2 (solutions)
| EUClass = {{Hazchem T}} {{Hazchem C}} {{Hazchem N}}
| NFPA-H = 3
| NFPA-F = 1
| NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA-O =
| RPhrases = {{R10}}, {{R23}}, {{R34}}, {{R50}}
| SPhrases = {{S1/2}}, {{S9}}, {{S16}}, {{S26}}, {{S36/37/39}}, {{S45}}, {{S61}}
| FlashPt = flammable gas (''see text'')
| AutoignitionC = 651
| ExploLimits = 15–28%
| PEL = 50 ppm (25 ppm [[ACGIH]]- TLV; 35 ppm [[STEL]])
| LD50 = 0.015 mL/kg (human, oral)
}}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions =
| OtherCations = [[Phosphine]]<br />[[Arsine]]<br />[[Stibine]]
| OtherFunctn = [[Hydrazine]]<br />[[Hydrazoic acid]]
| Function = nitrogen hydrides
| OtherCpds = [[Ammonium hydroxide]]
}}
}}
'''Ammonia''' or '''azane''' is a [[chemical compound|compoond]] o [[nitrogen]] an [[hydrogen]] wi the [[chemical formula|formula]] NH<sub>3</sub>. It is a colourless [[gas]] wi a characteristic [[pungent]] [[odor|smell]]. Ammonia contreibutes signeeficantly tae the [[nutreetion]]al needs o terrestrial organisms bi serving as a precursor tae [[fuid]] an [[fertilizer]]s. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is an aa a biggin-block for the synthesis o mony [[pharmaceuticals]] an is uised in mony commercial cleanin products. Altho in wide uise, ammonia is baith [[Caustic (substance)|caustic]] an [[hazard]]ous. The global industrial production o ammonia for 2012 wis anticipatit tae be 198 million tonnes,<ref name="ceresana1">{{cite web |author=Ceresana |url=http://www.ceresana.com/en/market-studies/chemicals/ammonia/ceresana-market-study-ammonia.html |title=Market Study Ammonia |publisher=Ceresana |date= |accessdate=2012-11-07 |archive-date=2019-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009121132/https://www.ceresana.com/en/market-studies/chemicals/ammonia/ceresana-market-study-ammonia.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> a 35% increase ower the estimatit 2006 global output o 146.5 million tonnes.<ref name=Ullmann>{{cite book|author=Max Appl |title=Ammonia, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry|year= 2006|publisher= Wiley-VCH|location= Weinheim|doi=10.1002/14356007.a02_143.pub2}}</ref>

'''American(s)''' mey refer tae:
* ''American'', an adjective for something o, frae, or relatit tae the [[Unitit States|Unitit States o Americae]]
** [[Americans]], ceetizens o the Unitit States o Americae
** [[Hamespun Americans|Hamespun Americans or American Indians]], indigenous fowks o the Unitit States
** [[Ethnic Americans]]
* ''American'', an adjective for something o, frae, or relatit tae [[Americae]]
** [[Indigenous fowks o Americae]]

The '''Gaza–Israel war''' is a localised pairt o the Israeli–Palestinian conflick beginnin in 1948, whan 200,000 Palestinians flichtit or wis herried oot frae thair hames, sattlin i the [[Gaza Strip]] as refugees. Sin syne, Israel hes focht 15<ref name="fifteenwars">{{Cite news|last=[[Jean-Pierre Filiu]]|title=French historian: Israel destroyed 4,000-year-old culture in Gaza|publisher=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al-Jazeera]]|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/the-bottom-line/2024/1/11/french-historian-israel-destroyed-4000-year-old-culture-in-gaza}}</ref> wars agin the Gaza Strip. The nummer o Gazans killt i the maist racent 2023-2024 war — 27,000 — is heicher nor the deith toll o aw ither wars o the Arab-Israeli conflict.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Stack|first=Liam|date=21 December 2023|title=Gaza Deaths Surpass Any Arab Loss in Wars With Israel in Past 40 Years|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/21/world/middleeast/gaza-death-toll-palestinians.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-02-05|title=Live updates {{!}} Israeli strikes raise Gaza death toll as Blinken heads to Mideast|language=en-US|work=The Hill|agency=Associated Press|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/ap/ap-international/ap-live-updates-israeli-strikes-raise-gaza-death-toll-as-blinken-heads-to-mideast/|access-date=2024-02-05}}</ref>

[[Image:Skaters1.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Skeitchbuirders in [[Beijing]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]]]]

|coordinates_footnotes=
|region   =[[Tuscany]]
|province  =[[Province o Florence|Florence]] (FI)
|frazioni   =
|mayor_party  =
|mayor   =[[Dario Nardella]] <br> ([[Democratic Pairty (Italy)|Democratic Pairty]])
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 =102.41
|population_footnotes=<ref>'Ceety' population (i.e., that o the ''[[comune]]'' or municipality) frae [http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2009gen/index.html=Monthly demographic balance: January–April 2009]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, [[Istituto Nazionale di Statistica|ISTAT]].</ref>
|population_total=370702
|population_as_of=31 October 2010
|pop_density_footnotes=
|population_demonym=Fiorentini
|elevation_footnotes=
|elevation_m  =50
|twin1   =
|twin1_country =
|saint   =[[John the Baptist]]
|day    =24 June
|postal_code  =50121-50145
|area_code  =055
|website   ={{Official website|http://www.comune.firenze.it}}
|footnotes  =
}}

|subdivision_type1      = Region
|subdivision_name1      = [[Tripolitanie]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Destricts o Libie|Destrict]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Misrata Destrict|Misrata]]
|subdivision_type3      = 
|subdivision_name3      = 
|subdivision_type4      = 
|subdivision_name4      =
<!-- Politics ----------------->
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        =
|leader_title           =
|leader_name            =
|leader_title1          =  <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
|leader_name1           =
|leader_title2          =
|leader_name2           =
|leader_title3          =
|leader_name3           =
|leader_title4          =
|leader_name4           =
|established_title      =  <!-- Settled -->
|established_date       = 
|established_title2     =  <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
|established_date2      = 
|established_title3     =  <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
|established_date3      =
<!-- Area    --------------------->
|area_magnitude         = 
|unit_pref                =Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
|area_footnotes           =
|area_total_km2           = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
|area_land_km2            = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
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|area_total_sq_mi         =
|area_land_sq_mi          =
|area_water_sq_mi         =
|area_water_percent       =
|area_urban_km2           =
|area_urban_sq_mi         =
|area_metro_km2           =
|area_metro_sq_mi         =
|area_blank1_title        =
|area_blank1_km2          =
|area_blank1_sq_mi        =
<!-- Population   ----------------------->
|population_as_of               =
|population_footnotes           =
|population_note                =
|population_total               = 109972
|population_density_km2         =
|population_density_sq_mi       =
|population_metro               =
|population_density_metro_km2   =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban               =
|population_density_urban_km2   =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title        =
|population_blank1              =
|population_blank2_title        =
|population_blank2              =
|population_density_blank1_km2 =   
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
<!-- General information  --------------->
|timezone               = [[UTC]] + 2
|utc_offset             = 
|timezone_DST           = 
|utc_offset_DST         = 
|coordinates            = {{coord|32|27|50|N|14|34|21|E|region:LY|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
|elevation_m            = 
|elevation_ft           =
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type       =  <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
|postal_code            =
|area_code              =
|blank_name             =
|blank_info             =
|blank1_name            =
|blank1_info            =
|website                = 
|footnotes              = 
}}

{{taxobox
|name = Ginger faimily
|image = Tropical plant hilo5.jpg
|image_caption = [[Reid Torch]] (''Etlingera elatior'')
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Commelinids]]
|ordo = [[Zingiberales]]
|familia = '''Zingiberaceae'''
|familia_authority = [[Ivan Martinov|Martinov]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract |format=PDF |accessdate=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |archive-date=2017-05-25 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525104318/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x/abstract |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|type_genus = ''[[Zingiber]]''
|type_genus_authority = Boehm.
|subdivision_ranks = Subdiveesions
|subdivision = see text
|}}
'''Zingiberaceae''' is the name o a faimily, the '''ginger faimily''', o flouerin plants consisting o aromatic [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[yerb]]s wi creepin horizontal or tuberous [[rhizome]]s, comprisin aboot 52 genera an mair nor 1300 [[species]], distributit throughoot tropical Africae, Asie, an the Americas.

{{Taxobox
| status = LR/lc
| status_system = IUCN2.3
| status_ref = <ref>{{IUCN2006|assessors=Conifer Specialist Group|year=1998|id=42418|title=Pinus sylvestris|downloaded=12 May 2006}}</ref>
| image = Pinus sylvestris Nethybridge.jpg
| image_caption = Scots pine, Loch Garten, Nethybridge, Scotland
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Pinophyta]]
| classis = [[Pinophyta|Pinopsida]]
| ordo = [[Pinales]]
| familia = [[Pinaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Pine|Pinus]]''
| subgenus = ''[[Pinus classification|Pinus]]''
| species = '''''P. sylvestris'''''
| binomial = ''Pinus sylvestris''
| binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
| range_map = Pinus sylvestris range-01.png
| range_map_caption = Distribution
}}
'''Scots pine''' ('''''Pinus sylvestris''''' L.) is a [[species]] o [[pine]] [[native plant|native]] tae Europe an Asie, rangin frae wastren Europe tae eastren Siberie, sooth tae the [[Caucasus Moontains]], an north tae well inside the Arctic Circle in Scandinavie.

[[Image:Koke Raijuu.jpg|thumb|upright|The ''Raijū'' as depictit in Ban Kōkē's ''Kanda-Jihitsu'']]
'''Raijū''' ([[Wiktionary:雷獣|雷獣]], "thunner ainimal" or "thunner beast") is a [[leegendar craitur]] frae [[Japanese meethologie]]. Its bouk is componed o [[lichtnin]] an mey be in the shape o a [[wouf]] or a [[dug]], a [[tod]], a [[tiger]], a [[cat]], a [[leopard]], a [[Kinnen|rabbit]], a [[deer]], a [[Wild boar|boar]], a [[Beir|bear]], a [[rhinoceros]], a [[Kye|bull]], a [[Draigon|dragon]]  or a [[wheasel]].

{{other uses}}

{{Speciesbox
| name = Common ostrich
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|15|0}}<small>Early [[Miocene]]-[[Holocene|Present]]</small>
| image = Struthio camelus - Etosha 2014 (3).jpg
| image_caption = [[Sooth African ostrich]] male (left) an females (''S. camelus australis'') 
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN-45020636>{{Cite journal | author = BirdLife International | title = ''Struthio camelus'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 2016 | page = e.T45020636A95139620 | date = 2016 | url = http://oldredlist.iucnredlist.org/details/45020636/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T45020636A95139620.en | access-date = 14 January 2018 | archive-date = 2019-05-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190525172222/http://oldredlist.iucnredlist.org/details/45020636/0 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
| genus = Struthio
| species = camelus
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]]<ref name="SN">{{cite web | url=http://www.taxonomy.nl/Main/Classification/51244.htm | title=Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, Genus Struthio | accessdate=4 February 2009 | last=Brands | first=Sheila | date=14 August 2008 | work=Project: The Taxonomicon }}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| range_map = Struthio camelus distribution.svg
| range_map_caption = ''Struthio camelus'' distribution map
{{aligned table|cols=2|style=text-align:left;margin:auto;
|{{Color box|#FFA360|border=darkgray}} ''S. c. camelus''|&nbsp;{{Color box|#FFFF3B|border=darkgray}} ''S. molybdophanes''
|{{Color box|#4FF55A|border=darkgray}} ''S. c. massaicus''|&nbsp;{{Color box|#FF7166|border=darkgray}} ''S. c. australis''
}}<!-- End of legend/key table for caption... -->
| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
| subdivision = 
*''[[North African ostrich|S. c. camelus]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]</small><ref name="SN"/> North African ostrich
*''[[Sooth African ostrich|S. c. australis]]'' <small>[[John Henry Gurney|Gurney]], 1868</small><ref name="SN"/> Sooth African ostrich
*''[[Masai ostrich|S. c. massaicus]]'' <small>[[Oscar Rudolph Neumann|Neumann]], 1898</small><ref name="SN"/> Masai ostrich
*†''[[Arabie ostrich|S. c. syriacus]]'' <small>[[Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild|Rothschild]], 1919</small><ref name="SN"/> Arabie ostrich
}}
The '''Ostrich''' or '''Common Ostrich''' (''Struthio camelus'') is aither ane or twa [[species]] o muckle [[flightless bird]]s native tae [[Africa]], the anly livin member(s) o the [[genus]] '''''[[Struthio]]''''', which is in the [[ratite]] family. Some analyses indicate that the [[Somali Ostrich]] may be better considered a full species separate frae the Common Ostrich, but maist taxonomists consider it to be a subspecies.

{{fixscots|date=Februar 2021}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Cretaceous|present|refs=<ref>{{cite journal | author = Zhang S.-D., Jin J.-J., Chen S.-Y., Chase M. W., Soltis D. E., Li H.-T., Yang J.-B., Li D.-Z., Yi T.-S. | year = 2017 | title = Diversification of Rosaceae since the Late Cretaceous based on plastid phylogenomics | url = | journal = New Phytol | volume = 214 | issue = 3| pages = 1355–1367 | doi = 10.1111/nph.14461 | pmid = 28186635 }}</ref>}}
| image = Rosa pouzinii FlowerCloseup SierraMadrona.jpg
| image_caption = Flouer o ''[[Rosa pouzinii]]''
| taxon = Rosaceae
| authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Subfaimilies
| subdivision = 
* [[Amygdaloideae]]
* [[Dryadoideae]]
* [[Rosoideae]]
| range_map = Map-Rosaceae.PNG
| range_map_caption = Global distribution o Rosaceae
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="Takhtajan">{{cite book | author = Takhtajan A. |year = 1997 | title = Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants | url = https://archive.org/details/diversityclassif0000takh | publisher = Columbia University Press | location = New York | pages = [https://archive.org/details/diversityclassif0000takh/page/1 1]–620 | isbn = 978-0231100984}}</ref>
| synonyms =
* Amygdalaceae <small>D. Don 1825</small>
* Coleogynaceae <small>J. Agardh 1858</small>
* Fragariaceae <small>Richard ex Nestler 1816</small>
* Lindleyaceae <small>J. Agardh 1858</small>
* Malaceae <small>[[John Kunkel Small|Small]] ex Britton 1903</small>
* Pomaceae <small>[[John Lindley|Lindl.]]</small>
* Potentillaceae <small>Sprengel ex Weinmann 1824</small>
* Prunaceae <small>Martinov</small>
* Spiraeaceae <small>Bertuch 1801</small>
}}
'''Rosaceae''' (the  '''rose faimily''') are a medium-sized [[faimily (biologie)|faimily]] o [[flouerin plant]]s, includin aboot 2830 speshies in 95 genera.<ref name="Stevens">Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Website'' Version 9, June 2008 http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/welcome.html</ref>  The name is derived frae the teep genus ''[[Rose|Rosa]]''. Among the lairgest genera are ''[[Alchemilla]]'' (270), ''[[Sorbus]]'' (260), ''[[Crataegus]]'' (260), ''[[Cotoneaster]]'' (260), and ''[[Rubus]]'' (250).<ref name="Stevens"/>  The lairgest genus bi far is ''[[Prunus]]'' (plums, cherries, peaches, apricots an awmonds) wi aboot 430 speshies. However, aw o these numbers should be seen as unnerestimates - much taxonomic wirk is left tae be done here.

{{Year dab|1907}}
{{Year nav|1907}}
Year '''1907''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCMVII]]''') wis a [[common year stairtin on Tysday]] (airtin will display the full calendar) o the [[Gregorian calendar]] an a [[common year stairtin on Monanday]] o the 13-day-slower [[Julian calendar]].

{{Coord|19|00|N|72|25|W|display=title}}
{{infobox country
|conventional_long_name   = Republic o Haiti
|common_name              = Haiti
|native_name              = {{unbulleted list|item_style=font-size:88%; |{{native name|fr|République d'Haïti|icon=no}} ([[French leid|French]]) |{{native name|ht|Repiblik Ayiti|icon=no}}
 ([[Haitian Creole]])}}
|image_flag               = Flag of Haiti.svg
|image_coat               = Coat of arms of Haiti.svg
|national_motto           = <div style="padding-bottom:0.3em;">{{native phrase|fr|"[[Liberté, égalité, fraternité]]"|italics=off|nolink=on}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haiti-reference.com/histoire/constitutions/const_1987.htm |title=Article 4 of the Constitution |publisher=Haiti-reference.com |accessdate=24 July 2013}}</ref><br/>{{small|"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"}}</div> {{nowrap|'Motto on tradeetional coat o airms:'}}<br/>{{native phrase|fr|"[[Unity maks strenth|L'union fait la force]]"|italics=off|nolink=on}}<br/>{{small|"Union maks strenth"}}
|national_anthem          = {{native name|fr|[[La Dessalinienne]]|nolink=on}}<br/>{{small|"The Dessalines Song"}}<br/><center></center>
|image_map                = Haiti (orthographic projection).svg
|image_map2               = Haiti - Location Map (2013) - HTI - UNOCHA.svg
|capital                  = [[Port-au-Prince]]
|coordinates              = {{Coord|18|32|N|72|20|W|type:city}}
|largest_city             = Port-au-Prince
|official_languages       = {{unbulleted list |[[Haitian French|French]] |[[Haitian Creole]]}}
|ethnic_groups            = 95% [[Black]]<br />5% [[Mulatto Haitians|mulatto]] an [[White Haitian|white]]<ref name="CIA_20110303">{{cite web |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |work=[[The World Factbook]] |title=Haiti |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ha.html |access-date=2017-09-02 |archive-date=2016-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131115215/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ha.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|ethnic_groups_year       =
|demonym                  = [[Haitians|Haitian]]
|government_type          = {{nowrap|[[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Semi-presidential republic|semi-presidential]]}} [[republic]]
|leader_title1            = [[Preses o Haiti|Preses]]
|leader_name1             = Vacant
|leader_title2            = [[Prime Meenister o Haiti|Prime Meenister]]
|leader_name2             = Vacant
|legislature              = [[Haitian Pairlament|Pairlament]]
|upper_house              = [[Senate (Haiti)|Senate]]
|lower_house              = [[Chamber o Deputes (Haiti)|Chaumer o Deputes]]
|sovereignty_type         = [[Haitian Revolution|Independence]]
|sovereignty_note         = frae [[French First Republic|Fraunce]]
|established_event2       = Declared
|established_date2        = 2 Januar 1804
|established_event3       = Recognised
|established_date3        = 17 Apryle 1825
|established_event4       = [[First Empire o Haiti|First Empire]]
|established_date4        = 22 September 1804
|established_event5       = [[Republic o Haiti|Soothren Republic]]
|established_date5        = 9 Mairch 1806
|established_event6       = [[State o Haiti|Northren State]]
|established_date6        = 17 October 1806
|established_event7       = [[Kinrick o Haiti|Kinrick]]
|established_date7        = 28 Mairch 1811
|established_event8       = [[Unification o Hispaniola]]
|established_date8        = 9 Februar 1822
|established_event9       = Dissolution
|established_date9        = 27 Februar 1844
|established_event10      = [[Seicont Empire o Haiti|Seicont Empire]]
|established_date10       = 26 August 1849
|established_event11      = Republic
|established_date11       = 15 Januar 1859
|established_event12      = [[Constitution o Haiti|Current constitution]]
|established_date12       = 29 Mairch 1987
|area_km2                 = 27,750
|area_rank                = 140t
|area_sq_mi               = 10,714 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|percent_water            = 0.7
|population_estimate      = 10,604,000<ref name="Haiti & The Dominican Republic">[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=87&pr.y=3&sy=2015&ey=2015&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=263%2C243&s=LP&grp=0&a= Haiti & The Dominican Republic] IMF population estimates</ref>
|population_estimate_year = 2015
|population_estimate_rank = 85t
|population_density_km2   = 382 <!--(population_estimate ÷ area_km2)-->
|population_density_sq_mi = 989.7 <!--(population_estimate ÷ area_sq_mi)-->
|population_density_rank  = 32nt
|GDP_PPP                  = $19.979 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&ey=2022&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=64&pr1.y=4&c=263&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Haiti |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref>
|GDP_PPP_year             = 2017
|GDP_PPP_rank             =
|GDP_PPP_per_capita       = $1,819<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank  =
|GDP_nominal              = $7.897 billion<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_nominal_year         = 2017
|GDP_nominal_rank         =
|GDP_nominal_per_capita   = $719<ref name=imf2/>
|Gini                     = 60.8 <!--number only-->
|Gini_year                = 2012
|Gini_change              = <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
|Gini_ref                 = <ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=Gini Index |publisher=The World Bank |accessdate=21 November 2015}}</ref>
|Gini_rank                =
|HDI                      = 0.493 <!--number only-->
|HDI_year                 = 2015<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
|HDI_change               = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
|HDI_ref                  = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|title=2016 Human Development Report|year=2016|accessdate=21 March 2017|publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}</ref>
|HDI_rank                 = 163rd
|currency                 = [[Haitian gourde]] (G)
|currency_code            = HTG
|time_zone                = [[Eastren Time Zone|EST]]
|utc_offset               = −5
|utc_offset_DST           = -4
|time_zone_DST            = [[Eastren Daylicht Time|EDT]]
|drives_on                = right
|calling_code             = [[+509]]
|cctld                    = {{nowrap|[[.ht]]{{nbsp|3}}[[.gov|.gouv.ht]]{{nbsp|3}}[[.edu|.edu.ht]]}}<ref>[http://www.montagulaw.com/documents/gtlds_cctlds.xls {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010190048/http://www.montagulaw.com/documents/gtlds_cctlds.xls |date=2017-10-10 }} [[Generic tap-level domain|gTLDs]], [[Kintra code tap-level domain|ccTLDs]]]</ref>
|area_magnitude           = 1 E10
|country_code             =
}}

{{colorbox|#000000}}
|affiliations   = [[Association Aéronautique et Astronautique de France|3AF]], [[Conference o the Directors o French Ingineerin Schuils|CDEFI]], [[Erasmus Programme|Erasmus]], [[Institut au service du spatial, de ses applications et technologies|ISSAT]]
|website= [http://www.ipsa.fr www.ipsa.fr] 
|footnotes      =
}}
The '''Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées''' ('''IPSA''') is a [[Fraunce|French]] private [[postgraduate eddication|postgraduate schuil]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.onisep.fr/Ressources/Univers-Postbac/Postbac/Ile-de-France/Val-de-Marne/Institut-polytechnique-des-sciences-avancees |title=IPSA - Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées |publisher=onisep.fr |date= |accessdate=2012-06-05 |language=fr |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222900/http://www.onisep.fr/Ressources/Univers-Postbac/Postbac/Ile-de-France/Val-de-Marne/Institut-polytechnique-des-sciences-avancees |url-status=dead }}</ref> in [[aerospace ingineerin]] locatit at [[Ivry-sur-Seine]], [[Lyon]], [[Marseille]] an [[Toulouse]], recognised bi the French state syne 2010,<ref name="Arrêté">{{cite web|url=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000022180464&d |title=Arrêté du 14 avril 2010 portant reconnaissance par l'Etat de l'Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées |language=French |publisher=[[Légifrance]]}}</ref> whose diploma haes been accreditit bi the French [[Commission des Titres d'Ingénieur]] syne 2011.<ref name="CTI">{{cite web |url=http://extranet.cti-commission.fr/recherche/ListFormationShow/formation/1006 |title=Ingénieur diplômé de l'Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées Formation initiale sous statut d'étudiant |language=French |publisher=[[Commission des Titres d'Ingénieur|CTI]] |access-date=2014-12-06 |archive-date=2017-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104162512/http://extranet.cti-commission.fr/recherche/ListFormationShow/formation/1006 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Amniotes
| fossil_range = <br>[[Pennsylvanian (geology)|Pennsylvanian]]&ndash;[[Holocene|Present]], {{fossil range|312|0|}} <small>(Possible [[Mississippian (geology)|Mississippian]] record)</small>
| image = Tortoise-Hatchling.jpg
| image_caption = A baby [[tortoise]] emerges frae an amniotic egg.
| taxon = Amniota
| authority = [[Ernst Haeckel|Haeckel]], 1866
| subdivision_ranks = [[Clades]]
| subdivision =
* †''[[Casineria]]''?
* †[[Lysorophia]]?<ref name=Pardoetal2017>{{Cite journal|author1=Jason D. Pardo |author2=Matt Szostakiwskyj |author3=Per E. Ahlberg |author4=Jason S. Anderson |year=2017 |title=Hidden morphological diversity among early tetrapods |journal=Nature |volume=546 |issue=7660 |pages=642–645 |doi=10.1038/nature22966 |pmid=28636600 }}</ref>
* †[[Gymnarthridae]]?<ref name=Pardoetal2017 />
* †[[Brachystelechidae]]?<ref name=Pardoetal2017 />
* †[[Rhynchonkos|Rhynchonkidae]]?<ref name=Pardoetal2017 />
* †[[Ostodolepidae]]?<ref name=Pardoetal2017 />
* †[[Hapsidopareiidae]]?<ref name=Infernovenator>{{Cite journal|author1=Arjan Mann |author2=Jason D. Pardo |author3=Hillary C. Maddin |year=2019 |title=''Infernovenator steenae'', a new serpentine recumbirostran from the ‘Mazon Creek’ Lagertätte further clarifies lysorophian origins |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=in press |issue= |pages= |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz026 }}</ref>
* †[[Pantylus|Pantylidae]]?<ref name=Infernovenator />
* [[Synapsid]]a
** †[[Caseasauria]]
** [[Eupelycosauria]]
*** [[Mammalia]]
* [[Sauropsida]]
** [[Reptilia]]
*** †[[Parareptilia]]
*** [[Eureptilia]]
** [[Aves]]
*** [[Paleognathae]]
*** [[Neognathae]]
| display_parents = 2
}}
'''Amniotes''' is a [[clade]] o [[vertebrates]] comprisin the [[reptile]]s, [[bird]]s an [[mammal]]s  whilk lay thair [[Egg (biology)|eggs]] on land or kep the fertilised egg within the mither.

{{fixscots|date=Dizember 2020}}

The '''Beach Ballroom''' is an art deco<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-07-28|title=Brintons recreates art deco design for ballroom|url=https://www.kidderminstershuttle.co.uk/news/business_daily/8292559.brintons-recreates-art-deco-design-for-ballroom/|access-date=2023-10-19|website=Kidderminster Shuttle|language=en}}</ref> biggin on the beach boulevard o [[Aiberdeen]], Scotland. It haes een o Scotland's maist fine dance fleers – weel-kent fur its bounce – that flots on 1400 siccar steel springs.<ref>{{Cite news|last=The Newsroom|date=6 May 2019|title=Remembering 90 years of the good times at Aberdeen Beach Ballroom|work=The Scotsman|url=https://www.scotsman.com/heritage-and-retro/heritage/remembering-90-years-of-the-good-times-at-aberdeen-beach-ballroom-547171|url-status=live}}</ref> It was biggit, designit bi Thomas, Roberts & Hume, aifter a compeetion an costit £50,000. It wis opent wi a masked baw on 3 Mey 1926,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Drysdale|first=Neil|date=2022-03-09|title=Aberdeen's Beach Ballroom: Do you remember 'the place where boy met girl'?|url=https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/past-times/4028639/aberdeens-beach-ballroom/|access-date=2023-10-19|website=Press and Journal|language=en-GB}}</ref> and is a Categerie B leestit biggin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=THE ESPLANADE, BEACH BALLROOM (LB20314)|url=https://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/LB20314|access-date=2023-10-19|website=portal.historicenvironment.scot}}</ref> It wis usit bi the militar throu [[Warld War II]], wi sodgers sleepin on beds in the dancefleer.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Aberdeenshire Council Historic Environment Record - Aberdeen City - NJ90NE0173 - BEACH BALLROOM|url=https://online.aberdeenshire.gov.uk/smrpub/master/detail.aspx?tab=main&refno=NJ90NE0173|access-date=2023-10-19|website=online.aberdeenshire.gov.uk}}</ref> Dancin frae the Jazz era an tae Big Bands siclik Joe Loss an Victor Sylvester an in the 1960s, [[The Beatles]] playit for £45 afore their rise tae fame.<ref name=":2" />

{{fixscots}}
{|</ref>
 |unit cost= 737-100: [[Unitit States dollar|US$]]32 million{{sfn|Bowers|1989|p=495|ps=}} <br />737-600: US$59.4&nbsp;million <br />737-700: US$80.6&nbsp;million<ref name=prices>{{cite web|title=Commercial Airplanes – Jet Prices|url=http://www.boeing.com/boeing/commercial/prices/|website=www.boeing.com|publisher=Boeing|accessdate=January 10, 2015}}</ref> <br />737-800: US$96.0&nbsp;million<ref name=prices/> <br />737-900ER: US$101.9&nbsp;million<ref name=prices/>
 |variants with their own articles= [[Boeing T-43]]
 |developed into= [[Boeing 737 Classic]] <br>[[Boeing 737 Next Generation]] <br>[[Boeing 737 MAX]]
}}
|}
The '''Boeing 737''' is an American [[Flicht lenth#Categories|short- tae medium-range]] [[twinjet]] [[Narrae-bouk aircraft|narrae-bouk]] [[airliner]].

{{fixscots}}
{{Coord|35|N|136|E|display=title}}
}} |''Nippon-koku'' |''Nihon-koku''}}
|image_flag = Flag of Japan.svg
|alt_flag = Centered reid circle on a white rectangle.
|common_name = Japan
|linking_name = Japan
|image_coat = Imperial Seal of Japan.svg
|alt_coat = Gowden circle subdividit bi gowden wedges wi roondit ooter edges an thin black ootlines.
|symbol_type = Imperial Seal
|other_symbol_type = [[Govrenment Seal o Japan]]
|other_symbol = {{unbulleted list | |{{larger|{{Nihongo|五七桐|''Go-Shichi no Kiri''}}}}}}
|image_map = Japan (orthographic projection).svg
|map_width = 220px
|national_anthem = {{unbulleted list|"''[[Kimigayo]]''"|{{lower|0.25em|"{{big|{{Nihongo|君が代}}}}"}}}}<br/><center></center>
|official_languages = None<ref>{{cite web |url=http://houseikyoku.sangiin.go.jp/column/column068.htm |title=法制執務コラム集「法律と国語・日本語」 |publisher=Legislative Bureau of the House of Councillors |accessdate=January 19, 2009 |language=Japanese}}</ref>
|languages_type = [[Naitional leid]]
|languages = [[Japanese leid|Japanese]]
|regional_languages =
 {{unbulleted list|li_style=font-size:95%;
  | [[Ainu leid|Aynu itak]]
  | {{nowrap|[[Ryukyuan leids]]}}
  | [[Eastren Japanese]]
  | [[Wastren Japanese]]
  | {{longitem|style=line-height:1.1em; |{{smaller|several ither [[Japanese dialects]]}}}}
 }}
|demonym = Japanese
|ethnic_groups =
 {{unbulleted list
  | 98.5% [[Japanese fowk|Japanese]]
  |  0.5% [[Koreans in Japan|Korean]]
  |  0.4% [[Cheenese fowk in Japan|Cheenese]]
  |  0.6% ither
 }}
|ethnic_groups_year = 2011{{lower|0.4em|<ref name="cia">{{cite web|title=World Factbook: Japan|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html|publisher=[[CIA]]|accessdate=January 15, 2011|archive-date=2015-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220044055/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
|capital = [[Tokyo]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|35|41|N|139|46|E|type:city}}
|government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Pairlamentary seestem|parliamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy]]
|leader_title1 = [[Emperor o Japan|Emperor]]
|leader_name1 = [[Naruhito]] (徳仁)
|leader_title2 = [[Prime Meenister o Japan|Prime Meenister]]
|leader_name2 = [[Fumio Kishida]] (岸田 文雄)
|legislature = [[Naitional Diet]]
|upper_house = [[Hoose o Cooncillors]]
|lower_house = [[Hoose o Representatives (Japan)|Hoose o Representatives]]
|area_footnote = <ref>{{cite web |title=Japan Statistical Yearbook 2010 |publisher=Statistics Bureau |accessdate=January 15, 2011 |url=http://www.stat.go.jp/data/nenkan/pdf/yhyou01.pdf |page=17 |archive-date=2015-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922153823/http://www.stat.go.jp/data/nenkan/pdf/yhyou01.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|area_rank = 62nt
|area_km2 = 377,975
|area_sq_mi = {{convert|377975|km2|sqmi|disp=output number only}}<!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|percent_water = 1.4
|population_estimate = 125,360,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Population Estimates Monthly Report July 2021)|url=https://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/jinsui/tsuki/index.html|publisher=[[Statistics Bureau (Japan)|Statistics Bureau of Japan]]|date=July 20, 2021}}</ref>
|population_estimate_year = 2021
|population_estimate_rank = 11t
|population_census = 126,226,568<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.e-stat.go.jp/en/stat-search/files?page=1&layout=datalist&toukei=00200521&tstat=000001136464&cycle=0&year=20200&month=24101210&tclass1=000001136465&tclass2=000001154388&tclass3val=0|title=2020 Population Census Preliminary Tabulation|accessdate=June 26, 2021|publisher=[[Statistics Bureau (Japan)|Statistics Bureau of Japan]]}}</ref>
|population_census_year = 2020
|population_density_km2 = 334
|population_densitymi2 = 873.1 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|population_density_rank = 36t
|GDP_PPP_year = 2019
|GDP_PPP = $5.586 trillion <ref name="IMFWEOJP">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April/weo-report?c=158,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2019&ey=2026&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|title=World Economic Outlook database: April 2021|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|date=April 2021}}</ref>
|GDP_PPP_rank = 4t
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $44,585
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 27st
|GDP_nominal = $5.378 trillion
|GDP_nominal_rank = 3rd
|GDP_nominal_year = 2021
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,928
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 23rd
|Gini_year = 2018
|Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
|Gini = 33.4 <!--number only-->
|Gini_ref = <ref name="cia"/>
|Gini_rank = 78th
|sovereignty_type = [[History o Japan|Formation]]
|established_event1 = [[Naitional Foundation Day]]
|established_date1 = 11 Februar 660&nbsp;BC<ref>Accordin tae legend, Japan wis foondit on this date bi [[Emperor Jimmu]], the kintra's first emperor.</ref>
|established_event2 = [[Meiji Constitution]]
|established_date2 = November 29, 1890
|established_event3 = {{nowrap|[[Constitution o Japan|Current constitution]]}}
|established_date3 = Mey 3, 1947
|established_event4 = {{nowrap|[[Treaty o San Francisco|San Francisco<br/>Peace Treaty]]}}
|established_date4 = Aprile 28, 1952
|Gini_year = 2018
|Gini_change =  <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
|Gini = 37.6 <!--number only-->
|Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm|title=Inequality - Income inequality - OECD Data|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]|access-date=25 July 2021}}</ref>
|Gini_rank = 78t
|HDI_year = 2019
|HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
|HDI = 0.919 <!--number only-->
|HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2020|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=December 15, 2020|accessdate=December 15, 2020}}</ref>
|HDI_rank = 10th
|currency = [[Japanese yen|Yen]] (¥){{\}}{{transl|ja|''En''}} {{lang|ja|円}}
|currency_code = JPY
|time_zone = [[Japan Staundart Time|JST]]
|utc_offset = +9
|time_zone_DST = nae observed
|utc_offset_DST = +9
|date_format = {{unbulleted list |yyyy-mm-dd |yyyy年m月d日 |{{nowrap|[[Japanese era name|Era]]&nbsp;yy年m月d日 {{small|([[Common Era|CE]]−1988)}}}}}}
|drives_on = [[Richt- an left-hand traffic#Japan|left]]
|calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in Japan|+81]]
|cctld = [[.jp]]
|official_website = [http://www.japan.go.jp www.japan.go.jp]
}}
'''Japan''' ({{lang-ja|日本}} ''Nippon'' {{IPA-ja|nip̚põ̞ɴ|}} or ''Nihon'' {{IPA-ja|nihõ̞ɴ|}}; formally {{nihongo2|日本国}} ''{{audio|help=no|Ja-nippon_nihonkoku.ogg|Nippon-koku}}'' or ''Nihon-koku'', meanin "State o Japan") is a sovereign island naition in Eastren Asie. Locatit in the [[Paceefic Ocean]], it lies off the eastren coast o the Asie Mainland (east o [[Cheenae]], [[Korea]], [[Roushie]]) an stretches frae the [[Sea o Okhotsk]] in the north tae the East Cheenae Sea an [[Taiwan]] in the soothwast.

{{fixscots|date=Februar 2021}}

'''Clouns''' are comic [[performer]]s wha employ [[slapstick]] or seemilar teeps o [[pheesical comedy]], eften in a [[mime airtist|mime]] style.

{{chembox
<!-- please see [[Polytetrafluoroethylene (data page)]] for the full transcluded template. -->
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| IUPACName = poly(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylene)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=53251 | title=poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (CHEBI:53251) | accessdate=July 12, 2012|work=ebi.ac.uk}}</ref>
| SystematicName =
| OtherNames = Syncolon, Fluon, Poly(tetrafluoroethene), Poly(difluoromethylene), Poly(tetrafluoroethylene)
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| Abbreviations = PTFE
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = none
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 53251
| PubChem =
| CASNo = 9002-84-0
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}}=
| KEGG = D08974}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = (C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>4</sub>)<sub>n</sub>
| Density = 2200 kg/m<sup>3</sup>
| MeltingPt = 600&nbsp;[[Kelvin|K]]<br>327&nbsp;°[[Celsius|C]]
| ThermalConductivity = 0.25&nbsp;W/(m·K)
}}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| NFPA-H = 1
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 0
}}
}}
'''Polytetrafluoroethylene''' ('''PTFE''') is a synthetic [[fluoropolymer]] o [[tetrafluoroethylene]] that haes numerous applications. The best kent brand name o PTFE-based formulas is '''Teflon''' bi [[Chemours]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web
| url = https://www.chemours.com/Teflon/en_US/
| title = Teflon ™{{!}} Chemours Teflon™ Nonstick Coatings and Additives
| website = www.chemours.com
| access-date = 2016-03-01
| archive-date = 2016-03-04
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304202634/https://www.chemours.com/Teflon/en_US/
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

'''Capacitance''' is the abeeity o a body tae store an [[electric chairge]].

'''Rua do Cunha''' ([[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]] for ''Cunha Street''; [[Tradeetional Cheenese character|Cheenese]]: 官也街) is a narrae pedestrian street in [[Vila da Taipa]], the toun centre o [[Taipa]] island, in [[Macau]].<ref>''Taipa Rua da Cunha (Cunha Food Street), Macau'',  China Travel. www.chinatravel.com/macau/restaurant/taipa-rua-da-cunha-%28cunha-food-street%29</ref> It is namit efter the Portuguese splorer [[Tristão da Cunha]].

{{Unsoorced}}

|birth_place      = [[Neuchâtel]], [[Swisserland]]
|death_date       = {{Death date and age|1980|9|16|1896|8|9|df=y}}
|death_place      = [[Geneva]], [[Swisserland]]
|fields           = [[Developmental psychology]], [[epistemology]]
|known_for        = [[Constructivism (learnin theory)|Constructivism]], [[genetic epistemology]], [[theory o cognitive development]], [[object permanence]], [[egocentrism]]
|alma_mater       = [[Varsity o Neuchâtel]]
|influences       = [[Immanuel Kant]], [[Henri Bergson]],<ref>Susan Pass, ''Parallel Paths to Constructivism: Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky'', Information Age Publishing, 2004, p. 74.</ref> [[Pierre Janet]], [[James Mark Baldwin]]<ref>Piaget, J. (1982). Reflections on Baldwin [interview with J. J. Vonèche]. In J. M. Broughton & D. J. Freeman-Moir (Eds.), ''The cognitive developmental psychology of James Mark Baldwin'' (pp. 80-86). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.</ref>
|influenced       = [[Bärbel Inhelder]],<ref>Inhelder, B. (1989). Bärbel Inhelder [Autobiography] (H. Sinclair & M. Sinclair, Trans.). In G. Lindzey (Ed.), ''A History of Psychology in Autobiography'' (Vol. VIII, pp. 208-243). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Tryphon, A., & Vonèche, J. J. (Eds.). (2001). ''Working with Piaget: Essays in honour of Bärbel Inhelder.'' Hove, East Sussex, UK: Psychology Press.</ref> [[Jerome Bruner]],<ref>Bruner, J. S. (1983). ''In search of mind: Essays in autobiography.'' New York: Harper & Row.</ref> [[Kenneth Kaye]],{{Citation needed|date=April 2014}} [[Lawrence Kohlberg]],<ref>Kohlberg, L. (1982). Moral development. In J. M. Broughton & D. J. Freeman-Moir (Eds.), The cognitive developmental psychology of James Mark Baldwin: Current theory and research in genetic epistemology (pp. 277-325). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.</ref> [[Robert Kegan]],<ref>Kegan, Robert (1994). In Over Our Heads (p. 29). Cambridge, MA: Harvasrd University Press.</ref> [[Howard Gardner]],<ref>Gardner, H. (2008). Wrestling with Jean Piaget, my paragon. What have you changed your mind about? http://www.edge.org/q2008/q08_1.html#gardner {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019164117/https://www.edge.org/q2008/q08_1.html#gardner |date=2016-10-19 }}</ref> [[Thomas Kuhn]],<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Burman | first1 = J. T. | year = 2007 | title = Piaget no "remedy" for Kuhn, but the two should be read together: Comment on Tsou's "Piaget vs. Kuhn on scientific progress" | url = | journal = Theory & Psychology | volume = 17 | issue = 5| pages = 721–732 | doi = 10.1177/0959354307079306 }}</ref> [[Seymour Papert]],<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Papert | first1 = S | date = March 29, 1999 | title = Child Psychologist: Jean Piaget | url =https://archive.org/details/sim_time_1999-03-29_153_12/page/104| journal = Time | volume = 153 | issue = | pages = 104–107 }}</ref> [[Umberto Eco]],{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}} [[Lev Vygotsky]]<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Piaget | first1 = J | year = 1979 | title = Comments on Vygotsky's critical remarks | url = | journal = Archives de Psychologie | volume = 47 | issue = 183| pages = 237–249 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Piaget | first1 = J | year = 2000 | title = Commentary on Vygotsky's criticisms of ''Language and Thought of the Child and Judgement'' and ''Reasoning in the Child'' (L. Smith, Trans.) | url = | journal = New Ideas in Psychology | volume = 18 | issue = 2-3| pages = 241–259 | doi=10.1016/s0732-118x(00)00012-x}}  (Original work published 1962.)</ref>
}}
'''Jean Piaget ''' ({{IPA-fr|ʒɑ̃ pjaʒɛ|lang}}; 9 August 1896 – 16 September 1980) wis a Swiss clinical psychologist kent for his pioneerin wirk in bairn development. 
[[theory o cognitive development|Piaget's theory o cognitive development]] an epistemological view are thegither cried "[[genetic epistemology]]".

{{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = 
| Watchedfields =
| verifiedrevid = 455316358
| ImageFile = Cornstarch_mixed_with_water.jpg
| ImageSize =
| ImageName = Cornstairch bein mixed wi watter
| IUPACName =
| OtherNames =
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 9005-25-8
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| EC_number = 232-679-6
| RTECS = GM5090000
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
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  }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = ({{chem|C|6|H|10|O|5|)|''n''</sub> -{{Sp}}|(|H|2|O|)}}
| MolarMass = Variable
| Appearance = White pouder
| Density = Variable<ref>{{cite book | title = Starch: Chemistry and Technology | editor1 = Roy L. Whistler|editor2=James N. BeMiller|editor3=Eugene F. Paschall | publisher = Academic Press | date = 2012 | page = 220 | quote = Starch has variable density depending on botanical origin, prior treatment, and method of measurement }}</ref>
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| MeltingPt = decomposes
  }}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| Thermochemistry_ref =
| HeatCapacity = 
| Entropy = 
| DeltaHf = 
| DeltaGf =
| DeltaHc ={{convert|4.1788|kcal/g|kJ/g}}<ref name=CRC>''[[CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]]'', 49th edition, 1968-1969, p. D-188.</ref> ([[Heicher heatin vailyie]])
  }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1553.htm ICSC 1553]
| AutoignitionPtC = 410
| PEL = TWA 15 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (total) TWA 5 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (resp)<ref>{{PGCH|0567}}</ref>
  }}
}}
'''Stairch''' or '''amylum''' is a [[carbohydrate]] consistin o a muckle nummer o [[glucose]] units jyned bi [[glycosidic bond]]s. This [[polysaccharide]] is produced bi maist green [[plant]]s as energy storage. It is the maist common carbohydrate in human diets an is conteened in muckle amoonts in [[staple fuid]]s lik [[tattie]]s, [[wheat]], [[maize]] (corn), [[rice]], an [[cassava]].

'''Muinin''' is the act o displayin ane's [[nudity|bare]] [[buttocks]] bi remuivin claedin, e.g., bi lawerin the backside o ane's [[trousers]] an [[unnerpants]], uisually bendin ower, whether an aa exposin the genitals or nae.

'''Heracles''' ({{lang-grc|Ἡρακλῆς}}, ''Hēraklēs'', frae ''Hēra'', "[[Hera]]", an ''[[kleos]]'', "glory"<ref>Becking, Bob, ''et al.''. ''Dictionary of deities and demons''. ed. Toorn, Karel van der. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 1999</ref>), born '''Alcaeus'''<ref name="DGRBM2">{{cite encyclopedia  | last = Schmitz  | first = Leonhard  | authorlink =   | title = Alceides  | editor = [[William Smith (lexicographer)|William Smith]]  | encyclopedia = [[Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology]]  | volume = 1  | pages = 98  | publisher = [[Little, Brown and Company]]  | location = Boston  | year = 1867  | url = http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/0107.html  | access-date = 2016-07-07  | archive-date = 2008-05-27  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080527153935/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/0107.html  | url-status = dead  }}</ref> ({{lang|grc|Ἀλκαῖος}}, ''Alkaios'') or '''Alcides'''<ref>''[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Bibliotheca]]'' ii. 4. § 12</ref> ({{lang|grc|Ἀλκείδης}}, ''Alkeidēs''), was a [[hero|divine hero]] in [[Greek meethology]], the son o [[Zeus]] an [[Alcmene]], foster son o [[Amphitryon]]<ref name="Alcides">Bi his adoptive strynd throu Amphitryon, Heracles receives the epithet '''Alcides''', as "o the line o [[Alcaeus (mythology)|Alcaeus]]", faither o Amphitryon.  Amphitryon's ain, mortal son wis [[Iphicles]].</ref> an great-grandson/hauf-brither (as thay are baith sired bi the god [[Zeus]]) o [[Perseus]].

{{'}}'''A Red, Red Rose'''{{'}} is a [[Scots leid|Scots]] sang bi [[Robert Burns]] that he wrate in 1794, based on tradeetional soorces.

'''Airchitectur''' is the [[airt]] an [[science]] o [[biggin]]s an structurs<ref>{{Cite web|title=architecture - Expression of technique {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/architecture/Expression-of-technique|access-date=2022-11-16|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> like [[yett]]s, [[brig]]s, an ither things that's biggit. Whiles, the pairts aboot the biggins, sic as [[pad]]s an [[gairden]]s, is includit in the design an aw.

{{Automatic taxobox
| name              = Slouths<ref name=msw3>{{MSW3 Gardner|pages=100–101|id=11800002}}</ref>
| fossil_range      = [[Early Oligocene]] tae [[Holocene]]
| image             = Bradypus.jpg
| image_caption     = [[Broun-throatit slouth]]<br/>(''Bradypus variegatus'')<br/>[[Gatun Loch]], [[Panama|Republic o Panama]]
| taxon             = Folivora
| authority         = Delsuc, Catzeflis, Stanhope, an Douzery, 2001
| subdivision_ranks = [[Faimily (biology)|Faimilies]]
| subdivision       =
[[Three-toed sloth|Bradypodidae]]<br />
[[Megalonychidae]]<br />
†[[Megatheriidae]]<br />
†[[Mylodontidae]]<br />
†[[Nothrotheriidae]]
}}
'''Slouths''' are [[mammal]]s clessifee'd in the [[faimily (biology)|faimilies]] [[twa-taed slouth|Megalonychidae]] (twa-taed slouths) an [[three-taed slouth|Bradypodidae]] (three-taed slouths).

'''Hokkaido''' ([[Japanese leid|Japanese]]: 北海道, romanizit ''Hokkaidō'') is the noorthrenmaist island o the [[Japanese Airchipelago]]. Japan's lairgest island, [[Honshu]], is sooth o Hokkaido thorter the [[Tsugaru Strait]], but the unnerwatter [[Seikan Tunnel]] jynes the twa islands. It's caipital an lairgest ceety is [[Sapporo]]. Ainerly aboot 5.6 million indwallers bide yon, even wi the 103 million o Honshu.
{{Commonscat|Hokkaido prefecture}}

|subdivision_type1= [[Voivodeships o Poland|Voivodeship]]
|subdivision_name1=  [[Podkarpackie Voivodeship|Podkarpackie]]
|subdivision_type2= [[Powiat|Coonty]]
|subdivision_name2=  [[Ropczyce-Sędziszów Coonty|Ropczyce-Sędziszów]]
|subdivision_type3= [[Gmina]]
|subdivision_name3=  [[Gmina Ropczyce|Ropczyce]]
|leader_title  =Mayor
|leader_name   =Bolesław Bujak
|established_title= Foondit
|established_date=13t century
|established_title2=Ceety richts
|established_date2= 1362
|area_total_km2 =47.03
|population_as_of=2007
|population_total=26059
|population_density_km2= auto
|timezone= [[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc_offset= +1
|timezone_DST= [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
|utc_offset_DST= +2
|coordinates      = {{coord|50|5|10|N|21|38|0|E|region:PL|display=inline}}
|postal_code_type= Postal code
|postal_code= 39–100
|blank_name= [[Vehicle registration plates o Poland|Caur plates]]
|blank_info= RRS
|website= http://www.ropczyce.umig.gov.pl}}

{{double image|right|Bay of Fundy High Tide.jpg|200|Bay of Fundy Low Tide.jpg|200|Heich tide, [[Alma, New Brunswick|Alma]], [[New Brunswick]] in the [[Bay o Fundy]], 1972|Law tide at the same fishin port in [[Bay o Fundy]], 1972|Photae o boat in watter next tae a dock|Photo o boat restin on bottom next tae dock}}
'''Tides''' is the risin an fawin o [[sea]] levels caused by the gravitational forces o the [[muin]], the [[sun]] an the birlin o the [[yird]] wirkin thegither.

{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 464365162
| Name = Benzene
| ImageFileL1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageFileL1 = Benzene geometrie.svg
| ImageNameL1 = Skeletal formula detail o benzene
| ImageSizeL1 = 120px
| ImageFileR1 = Benzene-xtal-3D-vdW.png
| ImageNameR1 = Stack o benzene baw-an-stick model
| ImageSizeR1 = 150px
| ImageFile2 = Solid benzene.png
| ImageName2 = Frozen benzene
| ImageSize2 = 200px
| IUPACName = Benzene
| SystematicName = Cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene
| OtherNames = 1,3,5-Cyclohexatriene, Benzol, Phene
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
  | CASNo = 71-43-2
  | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
  | PubChem = 241
  | ChemSpiderID = 236
  | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
  | UNII = J64922108F
  | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
  | KEGG = C01407
  | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
  | ChEBI = 16716
  | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
  | ChEMBL = 277500
  | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
  | RTECS = CY1400000
  | SMILES = c1ccccc1
  | EINECS = 200-753-7
  | InChI = 1/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H
  | InChIKey = UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYAH
  | StdInChI = 1S/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H
  | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
  | StdInChIKey = UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
  }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
  | C=6|H=6
  | Appearance = Colourless liquid
  | Odor = Aromatic, petrol-like
  | Density = 0.8765(20) g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="handbook13">{{RubberBible86th}}</ref>
  | Solubility = 1.53 g/L (0 °C)<br> 1.81 g/L (9 °C)<br> 1.79 g/L (15 °C)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Arnold |first1=D. |last2=Plank |first2=C. |last3=Erickson |first3=E. |last4=Pike |first4=F. |title=Solubility of Benzene in Water |year=1958 |journal=Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Chemical & Engineering Data Series |volume=3 |issue=2 |page=253 |doi=10.1021/i460004a016}}</ref><!--1st ref is most comprehensive but is paywalled---><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Breslow |first1=R. |last2=Guo |first2=T. |title=Surface tension measurements show that chaotropic salting-in denaturants are not just water-structure breakers |year=1990 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=87 |issue=1 |pages=167–9 |pmid=2153285 |pmc=53221 |doi=10.1073/pnas.87.1.167|bibcode = 1990PNAS...87..167B }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Coker |first1=A. Kayode |last2=Ludwig |first2=Ernest E. |title=Ludwig's Applied Process Design for Chemical And Petrochemical Plants |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=N8RcH8juG_YC&pg=PA114 |accessdate=2012-05-31 |volume=1 |year=2007 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=0-7506-7766-X |page=114}}</ref><br> 1.84 g/L (30 °C)<br> 2.26 g/L (61 °C)<br> 3.94 g/L (100 °C)<br> 21.7 g/kg (200 °C, 6.5 MPa)<br> 17.8 g/kg (200 °C, 40 MPa)<ref name=chemister>http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=644</ref>
  | SolubleOther = Soluble in [[alcohol]], [[chloroform|CHCl<sub>3</sub>]], [[carbon tetrachloride|CCl<sub>4</sub>]], [[diethyl ether]], [[acetone]], [[acetic acid]]<ref name=chemister />
| Solubility1 = 5.83 g/100 g (20 °C)<br> 6.61 g/100 g (40 °C)<br> 7.61 g/100 g (60 °C)<ref name=chemister />
| Solvent1 = ethanediol
| Solubility2 = 20 °C, solution in water:<br> 1.2 mL/L (20% v/v)<ref name=sioc>{{cite book|last = Seidell|first = Atherton|last2 = Linke|first2 = William F.|year = 1952|title = Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds|publisher = Van Nostrand|url = [http://books.google.com/books?id=k2e5AAAAIAAJ Google Books]|accessdate = 2014-05-29}}</ref>
| Solvent2 = ethanol
| Solubility3 = 20 °C, solution in water:<br> 7.69 mL/L (38.46% v/v)<br> 49.4 mL/L (62.5% v/v)<ref name=sioc />
| Solvent3 = acetone
| Solubility4 = 52 g/100 g (20 °C)<ref name=chemister />
| Solvent4 = diethylene glycol
  | MeltingPtC = 5.53
  | BoilingPtC = 80.1
  | Viscosity = 0.7528 [[Poise|cP]] (10 °C)<br> 0.6076 cP (25 °C)<br> 0.4965 cP (40 °C)<br> 0.3075 cP (80 °C)
  | LambdaMax = 255 nm
  | RefractIndex = 1.5011 (20 °C)<br> 1.4948 (30 °C)<ref name=chemister />
  | LogP = 2.13
  | MagSus = 54.8·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
| VaporPressure = 12.7 kPa (25 °C)<br> 24.4 kPa (40 °C)<br> 181 kPa (100 °C)<ref name=nist>{{nist|name=Benzene|id=C71432|accessdate=2014-05-29|mask=FFFF|units=SI}}</ref>
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| MolShape = Tetrahedral
| Dipole = 0 [[Debye|D]]
 }}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
  | DeltaHf = 48.7 kJ/mol
  | HeatCapacity = 134.8 J/mol·K
  | Entropy = 173.26 J/mol·K<ref name=nist />
| DeltaHc = 3267.6 kJ/mol<ref name=nist />
 }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
  | ExternalMSDS = [http://www.hmdb.ca/system/metabolites/msds/000/001/365/original/HMDB01505.pdf?1358893540 HMDB]
|   GHSPictograms = {{GHS02}}{{GHS06}}{{GHS08}}<ref name="sigma">[[Sigma-Aldrich|Sigma-Aldrich Co.]], [http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/401765 Benzene]. Retrieved on 2014-05-29.</ref>
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
|   HPhrases = {{H-phrases|225|304|315|319|340|350|372}}<ref name="sigma" />
|   PPhrases = {{P-phrases|201|210|301+310|305+351+338|308+313|331}}<ref name="sigma" />
  | FlashPtC = −11.63
  | AutoignitionPtC = 497.78
  | ExploLimits = 1.2–7.8%
  | EUClass = {{Hazchem F}} {{Hazchem T+}}<br> [[Carcinogen|Carc. Cat. 1]]<br> [[Mutagen|Muta. Cat. 2]]
  | NFPA-H = 3
  | NFPA-F = 3
  | NFPA-R = 0
  | RPhrases = {{R45}}, {{R46}}, {{R11}}, {{R16}}, {{R36/38}},{{R48/23/24/25}}, {{R65}}
  | SPhrases = {{S53}}, {{S45}}
  | LD50 = 930 mg/kg (rat, oral)
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
  | OtherCpds = [[Toluene]]<br> [[Borazine]]
  }}
}}
'''Benzene''' is an [[organic compoond|organic]] [[chemical compoond]] wi the molecular formula [[Carbon|C]]<sub>6</sub>[[Hydrogen|H]]<sub>6</sub>. The benzene molecule is componed o sax caurbon atoms jynt in a ring wi ane hydrogen atom attached tae ilk. As it conteens anerly caurbon an hydrogen atoms, benzene is clessed as a [[hydrocaurbon]].

{{Year dab|1905}}
{{Year nav|1905}}
Year '''1905''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCMV]]''') wis a [[common year stairtin on Sunday]] (airtin will display full calendar) o the [[Gregorian calendar]] an a [[common year stairtin on Setturday]] o the 13-day-slower [[Julian calendar]].

{{Speciesbox
| image = Waldmeister(Mai).JPG
| genus = Galium
| species = odoratum
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Giovanni Antonio Scopoli|Scop.]]<ref>{{GRIN | accessdate=2008-05-16
}}</ref>
| synonyms_ref=<ref name="kategillis"/>
| synonyms = *''Asperula odorata'' <small>L.</small>
*''Galium matrisylva'' <small>F.H.Wigg.</small>
*''Asperula odora'' <small>Salisb.</small>
*''Chlorostemma odoratum'' <small>(L.) Fourr.</small>
*''Asperula matrisylva'' <small>Gilib.</small>
*''Asperula zangezurensis'' <small>Huseynov.</small>
*''Asterophyllum asperula'' <small>Schimp. & Spenn. in F.C.L.Spenner</small>
*''Asterophyllum sylvaticum'' <small>Schimp. & Spenn. in F.C.L.Spenner</small>
*''Asperula eugeniae'' <small>K.Richt.</small>
*''Galium odoratum ''var''. eugeniae'' <small>(K.Richt.) Ehrend. in E.Janchen</small>
}}
'''''Galium odoratum''''', '''widrou''' or '''sweet-gress''',  is a flouerin [[perennial plant]] in the faimily [[Rubiaceae]], [[native plant|native]] tae muckle o [[Europe]] frae [[Spain]] an [[Ireland]] tae [[Roushie]], as weel as Wastren [[Siberie]], [[Turkey]], [[Iran]], the [[Caucasus]].<ref name="kategillis">[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=87028 Kew World  Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref>, [[Cheenae]] an [[Japan]]<ref>http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=250096343</ref>

'''Samarium''' is a [[chemical element]] wi symbol&nbsp;'''Sm''' an [[atomic nummer]]&nbsp;62. It is a moderately haird sillery [[metal]] that readily oxidizes in air. Bein a teepical member o the [[lanthanide]] series, samarium uisually assumes the [[oxidation state]] +3. Compoonds o samarium(II) are an aa kent, maist notably the [[monoxide]] SmO, [[samarium monochalcogenides|monochalcogenides]] SmS, SmSe an SmTe, as well as [[samarium(II) iodide]]. The last compoond is a common [[reducin agent]] in [[chemical synthesis]]. Samarium haes na signeeficant biological role an is anly slichtly toxic.

{{fixscots|date=Januar 2021}}

{{About|balneotherapy resorts|balneotherapy itsel|balneotherapy|ither uisses}}

| subdivision_type1       = [[Constituent kintra]]
| subdivision_name1       = {{flag|Ingland}}
| subdivision_type2       = [[Regions o Ingland|Region]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Wast Midlands (region)|Wast Midlands]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Ceremonial coonties o Ingland|Ceremonial coonty]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[Wast Midlands (coonty)|Wast Midlands]]
| subdivision_type4       = Admeen HQ
| subdivision_name4       = Wolverhampton Civic Centre
| government_type         = [[Metropolitan borough]]
| leader_title            = Govrenin body
| leader_name             = Wolverhampton Ceety Cooncil
| leader_name1            = [[Rob Marris]] ([[Labour Pairty (UK)|L]])<br />[[Pat McFadden (Breetish politeecian)|Pat McFadden]] ([[Labour Pairty (UK)|L]])<br />[[Ken Purchase]] ([[Labour Pairty (UK)|L]])
| established_title       = Foondit
| established_date        = 985
| founder                 = [[Wulfrun]]
| named_for               = [[Wulfrun]]
| area_total_km2          = 69.44
| coordinates             = {{coord|52|35|N|2|08|W|region:GB|display=inline}}
| population_as_of        = 2006 est.
| population_total        = {{EnglishDistrictPopulation|ONS=00CW}} ([[List of English districts by population|Ranked {{EnglishDistrictRank|ONS=00CW}}]])
| population_density_km2  = 3407
| population_blank1_title = [[Wast Midlands conurbation|Conurbation]]
| population_blank1_name  = 2,284,903
| population_blank2_title = Ethnicity<br><small>(United Kingdom Estimate 2005)</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276806&c=wolverhampton&d=13&e=13&g=378049&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1206389717666&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812 |title=Resident Population Estimates by Ethnic Group (Percentages) |publisher=Office for Neighbourhood Statistics |accessdate=2008-06-17 |archive-date=2009-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108234738/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276806&c=wolverhampton&d=13&e=13&g=378049&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1206389717666&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| population_blank2       = 76.5% White<br />14.7% S.Asie<br />4.8% Black<br />1.1% Cheenese or other<br />2.9% Mixed Race
| timezone                = [[Greenwich Mean Time]]
| utc_offset              = +0
| timezone_DST            = [[Breetish Simmer Time]]
| utc_offset_DST          = +1
| postal_code_type        = Postcode
| postal_code             = [[WV postcode aurie|WV]]
| area_code               = 01902
| blank_name              = [[ISO 3166-2:GB|ISO 3166-2]]
| blank_info              = GB-WLV
| blank1_name             = [[ONS codin seestem|ONS code]]
| blank1_info             = 00CW
| blank2_name             = [[Breetish naitional grid reference seestem|OS grid reference]]
| blank2_info             = {{gbmappingsmall|SO915985}}
| blank3_name             = [[Nomenclatur o Territorial Units for Statistics|NUTS]] 3
| blank3_info             = UKG35
| website                 = [http://www.wolverhampton.gov.uk/ www.wolverhampton.gov.uk]
| image_skyline           = Wolverhampton.jpg
| image_size              = 280
| image_caption           = 
}}

|map_label_position=top
|image_coa=Kgd gerb.png
|coa_caption=
|image_flag=Flag of Kaliningrad.png
|flag_caption=
|anthem=
|anthem_ref=
|holiday=July&nbsp;4; observit on the first Seturday o Julie
|holiday_ref=
|federal_subject=[[Kaliningrad Oblast]]
|federal_subject_ref=
|adm_data_as_of=November 2011
|adm_city_jur=[[ceety o federal subject significance|ceety o oblast significance]] o Kaliningrad
|adm_city_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref648">Resolution #640</ref>
|adm_ctr_of1=[[Kaliningrad Oblast]]
|adm_ctr_of1_ref=<ref name="Ref253">Law #463</ref>
|adm_ctr_of2=ceety o oblast significance o Kaliningrad
|adm_ctr_of2_ref=<ref name="Ref648" />
|inhabloc_cat=Ceety
|inhabloc_cat_ref=
|inhabloc_type=
|inhabloc_type_ref=
|mun_data_as_of=July 2009
|urban_okrug_jur=Kaliningrad Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref719">Law #397</ref>
|mun_admctr_of=Kaliningrad Urban Okrug
|mun_admctr_of_ref=<ref name="Ref719" />
|leader_title=Head
|leader_title_ref=
|leader_name=Alexander Yaroshuk
|leader_name_ref=
|representative_body=[[Ceety Cooncil o Deputies o Kaliningrad|Ceety Cooncil o Deputies]]
|representative_body_ref=
|area_of_what=urban okrug
|area_as_of=February 2012
|area_km2=223.03
|area_km2_ref=<ref name="Passport">Offeecial wabsteid o Kaliningrad. [http://www.klgd.ru/useful/passport.zip Passport o Kaliningrad Urban Okrug]. {{ru icon}}</ref>
|pop_2010census=431402
|pop_2010census_rank=40th
|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref>
|pop_density=1900
|pop_density_as_of=Februar 2012
|pop_density_ref=<ref name="Passport" />
|pop_latest=
|pop_latest_date=
|pop_latest_ref=
|established_date=1255
|established_title=
|established_date_ref=
|current_cat_date=
|current_cat_date_ref=
|prev_name1=
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|prev_name1_ref=
|prev_name2=
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|prev_name2_ref=
|postal_codes=236000
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|dialing_codes=4012
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|website=http://www.klgd.ru/
|website_ref=
|commonscat=Kaliningrad
|date=May 2010
}}

'''Wind''' is the flowe o gases on a muckle scale. On the surface o the Yird, wind consists o the bouk muivement o air. In [[ooter space]], [[solar wind]] is the muivement o gases or chairged pairticles frae the [[sun]] throu space, while [[planetary wind]] is the [[ootgassin]] o licht [[chemical element]]s frae a planet's atmosphere intae space. Winds are commonly clessifee'd bi thair [[scale (spatial)|spatial scale]], thair [[speed]], the teeps o forces that cause them, the regions in that thay occur, an thair effect. The strangest observed winds on a planet in oor [[solar seestem]] occur on [[Neptune]] an [[Saturn]].

{{fixscots}}
 -->|industry=Truck manufacturer|fate=Defunct|predecessor=<!-- or: <nowiki>|</nowiki> predecessors = -->|successor=<!-- or: <nowiki>|</nowiki> successors = -->|founded={{Start date and age|1887}} in [[Sandbach]], [[Cheshire]], [[England]]|founder=Edwin Foden|area_served=<!-- or: <nowiki>|</nowiki> areas_served = -->|products=Steam engines, traction engines, trucks,|owner=<!-- or: <nowiki>|</nowiki> owners = -->|num_employees=3,000|num_employees_year=1970|parent=PACCAR|website=<!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->}}
'''Foden Trucks''' wis a Breetish [[larrie]] an [[bus]] manufacturing company which haed its origins in Sandbach, [[Cheshire]] in 1856. [[PACCAR]] acquired the company in 1980, an ceased tae uise the marque name in 2006.

A '''chemical formula''' is a way o expressin information aboot the proportions o [[atom]]s that constitute a pairteecular [[chemical compoond]], uisin a single line o [[chemical element]] seembols, nummers, an sometimes an aa ither simbuls, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, an ''plus'' (+) an ''minus'' (−) signs.

]]
'''Tobruk''' or '''Tubruq''' {{IPA-en|tɵˈbrʊk|}} ({{lang-ar|طبرق}} ''Ţubruq''; an aw [[Transliteration|transliteratit]] as ''Tóbruch'', ''Tobruch'', ''Ţubruq'', ''Tobruck'' an ''Tubruk'') is a [[ceety]], [[seaport]], an [[peninsulae]] on [[Libie]]'s eastren [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] coast, near the border wi [[Egyp]]. It is the caipital o the [[Butnan Destrict]] an haes a population o 120,000 (2011 est.).<ref name=TobBC>"Tobruk" (history), ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2006, Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, ''Concise.Britannica.com'' [http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9380861/Tobruk BC-Tobruk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102054148/http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9380861/Tobruk |date=2008-01-02 }}.</ref>

{{italic title}}{{Unsoorced}}

{{Year dab|1935}}
{{Year nav|1935}}
Year '''1935''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MCMXXXV]]''') wis a [[common year stairtin on Tuesday]] (airtin will display full calendar) o the [[Gregorian calendar]].

{{speciesbox
| name = Corrydander
| image = Coriandrum sativum - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-193.jpg
| image_caption = Illustration o corrydander pairts
| genus = Coriandrum
| species = sativum
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
'''Corrydander''' (''Coriandrum sativum'') is an [[annual plant|annual]] [[yerb]] in the faimily [[Apiaceae]].

{{Contains Chinese text}}
{{Chinese
|showflag=psic
|c={{linktext|四|川}}
|p=Sìchuān
  |sic=Si<sup>4</sup>cuan<sup>1</sup>
  |mi={{IPA-cmn|sɨ̂tʂʰwán|}}
  |psp=Szechwan or Szechuan
|j=sei<sup>3</sup>cyun<sup>1</sup>
|wuu=sy<sup>3</sup>tshoe<sup>1</sup>
|poj=Sù-chhoan
|h=Si-tshôn
}}

[[Image:Capitole Toulouse - Salle des Illustres - Toulouse coopérant à la défense nationale 1897 - Jean-André Rixens.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ceilin pentin, bi [[Jean-André Rixens]]. Salle des Illustres, Le Capitole, [[Toulouse|Toulouse, Fraunce]].]]
A '''mural''' is ony piece o airtwirk pentit or applied directly on a waw, ceilin or ither muckle permanent surface.

'', is a herbaceous perennial plant]]
A '''perennial plant''' or simply '''perennial''' ({{ety|la|per|through||annus|year}}) is a [[plant]] that lives for mair nor twa year.<ref>The Garden Helper. [http://www.thegardenhelper.com/planting.html The Difference Between Annual Plants and Perennial Plants in the Garden.] Retrieved on 2008-06-22.</ref> The term is aften uised tae differentiate a plant frae shorter-lived [[annual plant|annuals]] an [[biennial plant|biennials]]. The term is widely uised tae distinguish plants wi awee or na widdy growth frae trees an shrubs, whilk is technically perennials an aa.<ref name=RHSAZ>{{cite book|title=RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants|url=https://archive.org/details/azencyclopediaof0000unse|year=2008|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|location=United Kingdom|isbn=1405332964|pages=1136}}</ref>

An '''audience''' is a group o [[person|fowk]] who participate in a [[Performance|shaw]] or encoonter a [[wirk o airt]], [[leeteratur]] (in which thay are cried "readers"), [[theatre]], [[muisic]] (in which thay are cried "listeners"), [[video gemme]]s (in which thay are cried "players"), or [[academic]]s in ony [[Media (arts)|medium]].

{{fixscots|date=September 2020}}

{{fixscots}}
{{speciesbox
|name = Sesame
|image = Sesamum indicum - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-129.jpg
|image2 = Sesamum indicum 2.jpg
|image2_caption = Sesame plants
|genus = Sesamum
|species = indicum
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|synonyms =
    {{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
* ''Dysosmon amoenum'' <small>Raf.</small>
* ''Sesamum africanum'' <small>Tod.</small>
* ''Sesamum occidentalis'' <small>Heer & Regel</small>
* ''Sesamum oleiferum'' <small>Sm.</small>
* ''Sesamum orientale'' <small>L.</small>
* ''Volkameria orientalis'' <small>(L.) Kuntze</small>
    }}
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2588550
|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species
|accessdate=14 January 2015
|archive-date=2017-10-02
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002105348/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2588550
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
}}
'''Sesame''' (''Sesamum indicum'') is a [[flouerin plant]] in the genus ''[[Sesamum]]''. Numerous wild relatives occur in Africae an a smawer nummer in Indie. It is widely [[naituralisation (biology)|naituralised]] in tropical regions aroond the warld an is cultivated for its edible seeds, that growe in pods or "buns".

'''John Deighan''', B.Sc (Hons), M.Sc, is the Pairlamentary Officer o the ''"Catholic Church’s Parliamentary Office"'' in [[Scotland]] syne [[1999]]. Afore jynin the Kirk's pairlamentary office he wrocht as a computin lecturer<!-- lessoner: Meant as lecturer Whit for no juist cry him a lecturer than?--> an as an [[Ingineerin|ingineer]] in the nuclear an aero-ingine industries.

{{fixscots}}
'''King Zhou''' ({{zh|t=紂王|p=Zhòu Wáng}}) wis the pejorative [[posthumous name]] gien tae '''Di Xin''' ({{zh|c=帝辛|p=Dì Xīn}}), the last king o the [[Shang dynasty]] o auncient Cheenae.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wu|first=Kuo-Cheng|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7197395|title=The Chinese heritage|date=1982|isbn=0-517-54475-X|edition=First edition|location=New York|pages=220|oclc=7197395}}</ref> H

[[Image:Noctis Labyrinthus.jpg|thumb|right|In this [[Viking 1]] image, the canyons are fillit wi rouk frae frost sublimated bi the wee-oors sun. Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech.]]

{{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = 
| Watchedfields =
| verifiedrevid = 455316358
| ImageFile = Cornstarch_mixed_with_water.jpg
| ImageSize =
| ImageName = Cornstairch bein mixed wi watter
| IUPACName =
| OtherNames =
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 9005-25-8
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| EC_number = 232-679-6
| RTECS = GM5090000
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = none
  }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = ({{chem|C|6|H|10|O|5|)|''n''</sub> -{{Sp}}|(|H|2|O|)}}
| MolarMass = Variable
| Appearance = White pouder
| Density = Variable<ref>{{cite book | title = Starch: Chemistry and Technology | editor1 = Roy L. Whistler|editor2=James N. BeMiller|editor3=Eugene F. Paschall | publisher = Academic Press | date = 2012 | page = 220 | quote = Starch has variable density depending on botanical origin, prior treatment, and method of measurement }}</ref>
| Solubility = insoluble (see [[starch gelatinization]])
| MeltingPt = decomposes
  }}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| Thermochemistry_ref =
| HeatCapacity = 
| Entropy = 
| DeltaHf = 
| DeltaGf =
| DeltaHc ={{convert|4.1788|kcal/g|kJ/g}}<ref name=CRC>''[[CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]]'', 49th edition, 1968-1969, p. D-188.</ref> ([[Heicher heatin vailyie]])
  }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1553.htm ICSC 1553]
| AutoignitionPtC = 410
| PEL = TWA 15 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (total) TWA 5 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (resp)<ref>{{PGCH|0567}}</ref>
  }}
}}
'''Stairch''' or '''amylum''' is a [[carbohydrate]] consistin o a muckle nummer o [[glucose]] units jyned bi [[glycosidic bond]]s. This [[polysaccharide]] is produced bi maist green [[plant]]s as energy storage. It is the maist common carbohydrate in human diets an is conteened in muckle amoonts in [[staple fuid]]s lik [[tattie]]s, [[wheat]], [[maize]] (corn), [[rice]], an [[cassava]].

.]]
Maist Kintras pits signs, kent as '''traffec signs''' or '''road signs''', at the sides o [[road]]s for tae impairt information tae road uisers. Syne leid differs can create barriers tae understaundin, internaitional signs uisin seembols in steid o wirds haes been developed in [[Europe]] an adoptit in maist kintras an areas o the warld. Annexe 1 o the [[Vienna Convention on Road Signs an Seegnals]] o [[November 8t]], [[1968]] defines aicht categories o signs:
* A. Danger [[wairnin sign]]s
* B. [[Priority signs]]
* C. [[prescriptive traffec signs|prescriptive]] signs
* D. Mandator signs
* E. Speicial regulation signs
* F. Information, faceelities, or service signs
* G. Airtins, poseetion, or indication signs
* H. Addeetional painels

|image_plan = Lower Saxony BS.svg
|state         = Lawer Saxony
|district          = Kreisfreie Stadt
|elevation               = 75
|area             = 192.13
|population          = 250556
|Stand              = 2011-12-31
|pop_ref            = <ref name="population_LSKN"/>
|pop_metro          = 1150000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zgb.de/barrierefrei/content/regionalplanung/pdf/RenKCO2/Projektbeschreibung_Energiekonzept_Pressemappe.pdf|format=PDF|title=Regionales Energiekonzept für den Großraum Braunschweig|publisher=Zgb.de|accessdate=August 16, 2012}}</ref>
|postal_code                = 38100–38126
|PLZ-alt            = 3300
|area_code            = 0531, 05307, 05309
|licence                = BS
|Gemeindeschlüssel  = 03 1 01 000
|divisions         = 19 [[borough]]s
|Adresse            =
|website            = [http://www.braunschweig.de/ Braunschweig.de]
|mayor      = Ulrich Markurth
|Bürgermeistertitel = Oberbürgermeister
|party             = SPD
|ruling_party1      = 
|ruling_party2      = 
|ruling_party3      =
|year               = 9t century
}}
'''Braunschweig''' ({{IPA-de|ˈbʁaʊnʃvaɪk}}; [[Low German]]: ''Brunswiek'' {{IPA-dedia|ˈbrɔˑnsviːk|}}; {{lang-en|Brunswick}}<ref>"Brunswick" (definition 2), ''The American Heritage Dictionary'' p. 245 3d. ed. 1992)</ref>), is a city o 247,400 fowk,<ref name="population_LSKN">[http://www1.nls.niedersachsen.de/statistik/html/parametereingabe.asp?DT=K1000014&CM=Bev%F6lkerungsfortschreibung "Bevölkerungsfortschreibung"]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (in German). Landesbetrieb für Statistik und Kommunikationstechnologie Niedersachsen. December 31, 2009. Accessed March 21, 2011.</ref> locatit in the federal-state o [[Lawer Saxony]], Germany. It is locatit north o the [[Harz]] muntains at the farthest navigable point o the [[Oker]] river, that connects tae the [[North Sea]] throu the rivers [[Aller]] an [[Weser]].

|elevation m        = 2
|elevation min m    = 0
|elevation max m    = 223
|area km2           = 31.72
|population         = 23169
|population date    = 2006
}}
'''Frontignan-la Peyrade''' ({{IPA-fr|fʁɔ̃tiɲɑ̃ lapɛˈʁad}}; {{Lang-oc|Frontinhan}}) is a [[Communes o Fraunce|commune]] in the [[Hérault]] [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment]] in soothren [[Fraunce]].

or an [[ellipsoid]]. The lines frae pole tae pole is lines o constant [[longitude]], or '''meridians'''. The circles parallel tae the equator is lines o constant latitude, or '''parallels'''. The graticule determines the latitude an longitude o poseetion on the surface.]]
A '''geographic coordinate seestem''' is a [[coordinate seestem]] that enables ilka location on the Yird tae be specified bi a set o nummers or letters. The coordinates are aften chosen sae that ane o the nummers represents [[altitude|vertical poseetion]], an twa [[n-vector|or three]] o the nummers represent [[horizontal poseetion representation|horizontal poseetion]]. A common choice o coordinates is [[latitude]], [[longitude]] an [[elevation]].<ref name=OSGB>[http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/gps/docs/A_Guide_to_Coordinate_Systems_in_Great_Britain.pdf A Guide to coordinate systems in Great Britain] v1.7 October 2007 D00659 accessed 14.4.2008</ref>

'''Mass murther''' (in militar contexts, whiles interchyngeable wi "[[mass destruction]]") is the act o [[murther]]in a muckle hantle o fowk (fower or mair), teepically at the same time or ower a relatively short period o time.<ref name="aggrawal">Aggrawal A. (2005) ''Mass Murder''. In: Payne-James JJ, Byard RW, Corey TS, Henderson C (Eds.) ''Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine'', Vol. 3, Pp. 216-223. Elsevier Academic Press, London</ref> Accordin tae the [[FBI]], mass murther is defined as fower or mair murthers occurrin in a pairticular event wi nae ''ceulin-aff period'' atween the murthers. A mass murther teepically occurs in a single location whaur a nummer o victims are killt bi a single body or a group o bodies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fbi.gov/publications/serial_murder.htm#two |title=Serial Murder - Federal Bureau of Investigation |publisher=Fbi.gov |date= |accessdate=2012-03-07 |archive-date=2010-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007204834/http://www.fbi.gov/publications/serial_murder.htm#two |url-status=dead }}</ref> Maist acts o mass murther end wi the daith o the perpetrator(s), whether bi direct suicide, [[suicide bi cop]] or bein killed bi law enforcement.

{{For|Tawse as a branch o [[Clan Farquharson]]|Sept (social)}}
. An exhibit in the [[Abbot Hoose, Dunfermline]]. The pentin is 'The Dominie Functions' (1826) bi [[George Harvey (painter)|George Harvey]] (1806-1876)]]
The '''tawse'''{{efn|Lang syne spelt '''taws''' whiles, the plural o Scots '''taw''' (thong o a whip)}} (kent as the '''[[Lochgelly]] tawse'''<ref>Phrase "Lochgelly tawse" uised:
*{{cite book |last1=Gray |first1=Alasdair |title=Old Men in Love: John Tunnock's Posthumous Papers: Introduced by Lady Sara Sim-Jaegar |date=2007 |publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=978-0-7475-9353-9 |page=123 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AZJlAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}
*{{cite book |last1=Clark |first1=Peter |title=The Lefties' Guide to Britain: From the Peasants' Revolt to the Granita Restaurant |date=2005 |publisher=Politico's |isbn=978-1-84275-144-2 |page=350 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PuGfAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}
*{{cite book |last1=MacLeod |first1=Ken |title=The Execution Channel: Novel |date=2012 |publisher=Little, Brown Book Group |isbn=978-1-4055-1940-3 |page=44 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=61NxrlcIo7gC&pg=PT44 |language=en}}</ref> an aw, efter the Scots toun in whilk maist were craftit) wis an implement uised for [[corporal punishment]]. It wis maistlins uist in Scots [[schuil|schuils]] til the 1980s, whan it wis bannit acause o a judgment bi the European Court o Human Richt. The tawse wis o a strip o lether, wi yin end split intae several tails. The thickness o the lether an tails differed. 

A '''yerbaceous plant''' is a [[plant]] that haes [[leaf]]s an [[Plant stem|stems]] that die doun at the end o the [[growin saison]] tae the sile level.

'''Urban Scots''' is the Scots at is spak in ceeties, inspeciallie muckle ceeties in the Central Belt lik Glesga.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Stuart-Smith|first=Jane|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/59368703|title=The Edinburgh companion to Scots|date=2003|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|others=John Corbett, J. Derrick McClure, Jane Stuart-Smith|isbn=0-7486-1596-2|location=Edinburgh|pages=111|chapter=The Phonology of Modern Urban Scots|oclc=59368703}}</ref> In urban Scots, fowk aften tak fae column 2 o [[A.J. Aitken]]'s model o Scottish spik (the column wi phonemic/lexical equivalents lik 'hoose' whauras the Inglis haes 'house'), less aften tae colmun 1 an tae varyin stent fae the ither columns.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Stuart-Smith|first=Jane|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/59368703|title=The Edinburgh companion to Scots|date=2003|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|others=John Corbett, J. Derrick McClure, Jane Stuart-Smith|isbn=0-7486-1596-2|location=Edinburgh|pages=110|chapter=The Phonology of Modern Urban Scots|oclc=59368703}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Aitken|first=A.J.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/9643126|title=Language in the British Isles|date=1984|publisher=Cambridge University Press|others=Peter Trudgill|isbn=0-521-24057-3|location=Cambridge|pages=523|chapter=English and Scots in Scotland|oclc=9643126}}</ref>

{{fixscots|date=December 2020}}

{{fixscots}}

</ref>
| os_grid_reference= NS298833 
| coordinates    = {{coord|56.0166|-4.7333|display=inline,title}}
| unitary_scotland= [[Argyll an Bute]]
| lieutenancy_scotland= [[Dunbartonshire]]
| constituency_westminster= [[Argyll an Bute (UK Pairlament constituency)|Argyll an Bute]]
| constituency_scottish_parliament= [[Dumbairton (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Dumbairton]] 
| post_town= HELENSBURGH
| postcode_district = G84
| postcode_area= G
| dial_code= 01436 
| edinburgh_distance= 61&nbsp;mi&nbsp;(98&nbsp;km)&nbsp;[[Boxin the compass|E]]
| london_distance= 363&nbsp;mi&nbsp;(586&nbsp;km)&nbsp;[[Boxin the compass|SSE]]
| static_image=
| static_image_caption=Colquhoun Squerr in Milligs Mill toun centre
| label_position = left
}}
'''Milligs Mill''' ({{lang-gd|Baile Eilidh}}, {{lang-en|Helensburgh}}) is a toun in [[Argyll an Bute]], [[Scotland]].

The '''Monanday''' is the [[day]] o the [[week]] atween [[Sunday]] an [[Tysday]]. Its name comes fae [[Mani (god)|Mona]], the [[Saxon]] god o the [[muin]].

[[Mexico]]
|subdivision_type1      = [[States o Mexico|State]]
|subdivision_name1      = {{flagicon|Baja California}} [[Baja California]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[Municipalities o Mexico|Municipality]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[Mexicali Municipality|Mexicali]]
|subdivision_type3      = 
|subdivision_name3      = 
|subdivision_type4      = 
|subdivision_name4      = 
|government_footnotes   =
|government_type        = [[Ayuntamiento]]
|leader_title           = Municipal Preses
|leader_name            = Francisco J. Pérez Tejada Padilla [[Institutional Revolutionar Pairty|PRI]]
|leader_title1          =  <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
|leader_name1           =
|leader_title2          =
|leader_name2           =
|leader_title3          =
|leader_name3           =
|leader_title4          =
|leader_name4           =
|established_title      = Foondit
|established_date       = 14 Mairch 1903
|established_title2     = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
|established_date2      = 
|established_title3     = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
|established_date3      = 
|area_magnitude         = 
|unit_pref              = Metric
|area_footnotes         =
|area_total_km2         = 
|area_land_km2          = 
|area_water_km2         = 
|area_total_sq_mi       = 
|area_land_sq_mi        = 
|area_water_sq_mi       = 
|area_water_percent     = 
|area_urban_km2         = 
|area_urban_sq_mi       = 
|area_metro_km2         = 
|area_metro_sq_mi       = 
|population_as_of       = 2010
|population_footnotes   =
|population_note        = 
|population_total       = 689,775
|population_density_km2 = 81.94
|population_density_sq_mi        = 
|population_density_metro_km2    =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi  =
|population_urban                = 875,000
|population_density_urban_km2    =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi  =
|population_metro                = 996,826
|population_blank1_title         =
|population_blank1               =
|population_blank1_title        =[[Demonym]]
|population_blank1              = Mexicalense, [[cachanilla]]
|population_density_blank1_km2   =   
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi = 
|timezone               = [[Paceefic Staundart Time|PST]]
|utc_offset             = −8
|timezone_DST           = [[Paceefic Daylicht Time|PDT]]
|utc_offset_DST         = −7
|coordinates            = {{coord|32|39|48|N|115|28|04|W|region:MX|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  
|elevation_m            = 8
|elevation_ft           = 27
|postal_code_type       = [[Postal code]]
|postal_code            = 21000
|area_code              = [[Aurie codes in Mexico|+52 686]]
|blank_name             =
|blank_info             =
|blank1_name            =
|blank1_info            =
|website                =
|footnotes              = 
}}

| elevation_m            = 148
| postal_code_type       = [[Postal code]]
| postal_code            = 09100-09117
| area_code              = (+380) 4563
| registration_plate     = AI/10
| website                = http://www.bilatserkva.info/
| footnotes              = 
}}
'''Bila Tserkva''' ({{lang-uk|Біла Церква}}, {{lang-pl|Biała Cerkiew}}, {{lang-ru|Белая Церковь, ''Belaya Tserkov''}}, leeterally ''White Kirk'') is a ceety in central [[Ukraine]], the lairgest [[Ceety|ceety]] in [[Kiev Oblast]].<ref>(efter [[Kiev]] which is the admeenistrative center, but nae pairt o the oblast)</ref>

in the [[Swiss Alps]] ([[Swiss Naitional Pairk|Naitional Pairk]])]]
A '''forest''', an aa referred tae as a '''wid''' or the '''wids''', is an aurie wi a heich density o [[trees]]. As wi ceeties, dependin on various cultural defineetions, what is considered a forest mey vary signeeficantly in size an hae different classifications accordin tae hou an o whit the forest is componed.<ref>Lund, H. Gyde (coord.) 2006. 'Definitions of Forest, Deforestation, Afforestation, and Reforestation'. Gainesville, VA: Forest Information Services. Available from: [http://home.comcast.net/~gyde/DEFpaper.htm ComcastNet-gyde].</ref>  A forest is uisually an aurie filled wi trees but ony taw densely packed aurie o vegetation mey be considered a forest, even unnerwatter vegetation sic as [[kelp forest]]s, or non-vegetation sic as [[fungi]],<ref>{{Cite book
  | last = Stamets
  | first = Paul
  | authorlink = Paul_Stamets
  | title = Mycelium Running
  | url = https://archive.org/details/myceliumrunningh00stam_0
  | publisher = Ten Speed Press
  | year = 2005
  | page = [https://archive.org/details/myceliumrunningh00stam_0/page/35 35]
  | isbn = 1-58008-579-2}}</ref> an [[bacteria]].  Tree forests kiver approximately 9.4 percent o the [[Yird]]'s surface (or 30 percent o tot land aurie), tho thay ance covered much mair (aboot 50 percent o tot land aurie).  Thay function as [[habitat (ecology)|habitat]]s for organisms, [[watter cycle|hydrologic flow]] [[modulator]]s, an [[syle]] conservers, constitutin ane o the maist important aspects o the [[biosphere]].

| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Argentinae]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Caipital ceety|Caipital]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[San Miguel de Tucumán]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Depairtments o Argentinae|Depairtments]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[#Poleetical diveesion|17]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Municipalities o Argentinae|Municipalities an landwart communes]]
| subdivision_name3       = 112
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = 
| seat                    = 
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = [[Leet o govrenors o Tucumán|Govrenor]]
| leader_name             = [[Osvaldo Jaldo]] ([[Justicialist Pairty|PJ]])
|leader_title1            = [[Chamber o Deputies o Argentinae|Deputies]]
|leader_name1             = [[Leet o current Argentine deputies#Tucumán Province|9]]
|leader_title2            = [[Senate o Argentinae|Senators]]
|leader_name2             = [[Leet o current Argentine senators|3]]
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes          = <br>[[Provinces o Argentinae#Demografics|Ranked 22nt]]
| area_total_km2          = 22524
| area_land_km2           = 
| area_water_km2          = 
| area_water_percent      = 
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        =  1,448,188
| population_as_of        = 2010<ref name="INDEC">{{cite web |url=http://200.51.91.231/censo2010/ |title=Censo 2010 Argentina resultados definitivos: mapas |publisher=200.51.91.231 |date= |accessdate=2012-08-15 |archive-date=2012-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901061446/http://200.51.91.231/censo2010/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| population_rank  = [[Leet o Argentine provinces bi population|6t]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = ''tucumano''
| population_note         = 
| timezone1               = [[Time in Argentinae|ART]]
| utc_offset1             = −3
| timezone1_DST           = <!--NO-->
| utc_offset1_DST         = <!--NO-->
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:AR|AR-T]]
| website                 = {{URL|www.tucuman.gov.ar}}
| footnotes               = 
}}

, [[Warsaw]].]]
'''Alabast''' is a [[mineral]] or rock that is saft an eften uised for cairvin, as well as bein processed for [[plaister]] pouder.

Ae ane example o this caur wis ever made bi [[Triumph Motor Company|Triumph]].  The '''Triumph TR1''' prototype wis unveiled in October 1952 at the [[Lunnon Motor Show]]. The TR1 name wis never offeecially uised.  

{{Coord|46|07|N|14|49|E|display=title}}

'''Jeollabuk-do''' (North Jeolla) is a [[Admeenistrative diveesions o the Republic o Korea|province]] in the soothwast o the [[Republic o Korea]]. The province wis formed in 1896 frae the northren hauf o the umwhile [[Jeolla]] province, an remained a province o [[Korea]] til the kintra's [[Diveesion o Korea|diveesion]] in 1945, then became pairt o the ROK. The provincial caipital is locatit at [[Jeonju]], which wis the caipital o aw o Jeolla afore 1896.

'''Vedanta''' ([[IAST]], ''{{IAST|Vedānta}}'', Sanskrit: वेदांत) or '''Uttara Mīmāṃsā''' is ane o the sax [[Āstika an nāstika|orthodox (''āstika'')]] schuils o [[Hindu philosophie]]. ''Vedanta'' leeterally means "end o the [[Vedas]]", reflectin ideas that emerged frae the speculations an philosophies conteened in the [[Upanishad]]s.

'''Geologie''' is the science or studie o [[The Yird|the Yird]], its chemical upmak, morphologie, development an historie. Petrologie (the studie o stanes), mineralogie (the studie o minerals), geophysics, [[paleontology|paleontologie]] (the studie o auncient life), an planetarie geologie (the studie o ither planets) is jist sum o the airts o geologie. 

| birth_place = [[Bromley]], [[Greater Lunnon]], Ingland
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Big beat]]
* [[electronica]]
* [[acid house]]
* [[trip hop]]
* [[nu-funk]]
* [[alternative rock]] <small>(wi the Housemartins)</small>
}}
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* DJ
* muisicker
* record producer
* multi-instrumentalist
}}
| instrument = {{flatlist|
* [[Phonograph#Turntable technology|Turntables]]
* [[synthesizers]]
* [[Electronic keybuird|keybuirds]]
* [[guitar]]
* [[Bass (guitar)|bass]]
* [[drums]]
* [[sample (seegnal)|sample]]s
* [[drum machine]]
}}
| years_active = 1979–present
| label = {{flatlist|
* [[Skint Records|Skint]]
* [[Astralwerks]]
* [[Southern Fried]]
}}
| associated_acts = {{flatlist|
* [[The Housemartins]]
* [[Beats International]]
* [[Freak Power]]
* [[Pizzaman (baund)|Pizzaman]]
* [[The Brighton Port Authority]]
* [[Bootsy Collins]]
* [[Lateef the Truthspeaker]]
* [[Macy Gray]]
* [[Ashley Slater]]
* [[Damon Albarn]]
* [[David Byrne]]
* [[Beardyman]]
* [[Riva Starr]]
}}
| website = {{URL|fatboyslim.net}}
}}
'''Norman Quentin Cook'''<ref name=Deedpoll>{{Cite news | date = 8 July 2002 | title = Changes of Name | periodical = [[London Gazette|The London Gazette]] | place = London | publisher = [[Govrenment o the Unitit Kinrick|UK Government]] | volume = Issue 56625 | page = 8166 | url = https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/L-56625-852 }}</ref> (born '''Quentin Leo Cook'''; 31 July 1963),<ref>{{cite news
 | title = Birthdays
 | newspaper = [[The Guardian]]
 | pages = 29
 
 | date = 16 July 2014
 | access-date = 16 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://ca.hellomagazine.com/profiles/fatboy-slim/ | title=Fatboy Slim | newspaper=Hello | access-date=1 November 2014}}</ref> an aa kent bi his stage name '''Fatboy Slim''', is an Inglis [[DJ]], [[muisicker]], [[multi-instrumentalist]] an [[record producer|record producer/mixer]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/fatboy_slim/artist.jhtml |title=Fatboy Slim &#124; Music Videos, Songs, News, Photos, and Lyrics |publisher=MTV |date=31 July 1963 |access-date=12 September 2011 |archive-date=2009-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719092204/http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/fatboy_slim/artist.jhtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>

'''Air condeetionin''' (eften referred tae as ''A/C'', ''AC'' or ''aircon'') is the process o chyngin the wey the [[air]] (primarily [[temperatur]] an [[humidity]]) is for tae mak the condeetions biener, teepically wi the ettle o distributin the condeetioned air tae a occupied space for tae improve [[thermal comfort]] an [[induir air quality]].

{{speciesbox
| name = Canadae guiss
| image = Canada goose on Seedskadee NWR (27826185489).jpg
| image_caption = Canadae guiss (''Branta canadensis')

'', bi [[Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein]], 1802 (Landesmuseum Oldenburg)]]
A '''cyclops''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|aɪ|k|l|ɒ|p|s}} {{respell|SY|klops}}; {{lang-grc|Κύκλωψ|translit=Kuklōps}}; plural '''cyclopes''' {{IPAc-en|s|aɪ|ˈ|k|l|oʊ|p|iː|z}} {{respell|sy|KLOH|peez}}; {{lang-grc|Κύκλωπες|translit=Kuklōpes}}), in [[Greek meethologie]] an later [[Roman meethologie]], wis a member o a primordial race o [[giant (meethologie)|giants]], each wi a single ee in the middle o his foreheid.<ref>Female cyclopes are not statit in ony clessical soorces.</ref>

{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 464365162
| Name = Benzene
| ImageFileL1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageFileL1 = Benzene geometrie.svg
| ImageNameL1 = Skeletal formula detail o benzene
| ImageSizeL1 = 120px
| ImageFileR1 = Benzene-xtal-3D-vdW.png
| ImageNameR1 = Stack o benzene baw-an-stick model
| ImageSizeR1 = 150px
| ImageFile2 = Solid benzene.png
| ImageName2 = Frozen benzene
| ImageSize2 = 200px
| IUPACName = Benzene
| SystematicName = Cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene
| OtherNames = 1,3,5-Cyclohexatriene, Benzol, Phene
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
  | CASNo = 71-43-2
  | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
  | PubChem = 241
  | ChemSpiderID = 236
  | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
  | UNII = J64922108F
  | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
  | KEGG = C01407
  | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
  | ChEBI = 16716
  | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
  | ChEMBL = 277500
  | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
  | RTECS = CY1400000
  | SMILES = c1ccccc1
  | EINECS = 200-753-7
  | InChI = 1/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H
  | InChIKey = UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYAH
  | StdInChI = 1S/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H
  | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
  | StdInChIKey = UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
  }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
  | C=6|H=6
  | Appearance = Colourless liquid
  | Odor = Aromatic, petrol-like
  | Density = 0.8765(20) g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="handbook13">{{RubberBible86th}}</ref>
  | Solubility = 1.53 g/L (0 °C)<br> 1.81 g/L (9 °C)<br> 1.79 g/L (15 °C)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Arnold |first1=D. |last2=Plank |first2=C. |last3=Erickson |first3=E. |last4=Pike |first4=F. |title=Solubility of Benzene in Water |year=1958 |journal=Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Chemical & Engineering Data Series |volume=3 |issue=2 |page=253 |doi=10.1021/i460004a016}}</ref><!--1st ref is most comprehensive but is paywalled---><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Breslow |first1=R. |last2=Guo |first2=T. |title=Surface tension measurements show that chaotropic salting-in denaturants are not just water-structure breakers |year=1990 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=87 |issue=1 |pages=167–9 |pmid=2153285 |pmc=53221 |doi=10.1073/pnas.87.1.167|bibcode = 1990PNAS...87..167B }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Coker |first1=A. Kayode |last2=Ludwig |first2=Ernest E. |title=Ludwig's Applied Process Design for Chemical And Petrochemical Plants |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=N8RcH8juG_YC&pg=PA114 |accessdate=2012-05-31 |volume=1 |year=2007 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=0-7506-7766-X |page=114}}</ref><br> 1.84 g/L (30 °C)<br> 2.26 g/L (61 °C)<br> 3.94 g/L (100 °C)<br> 21.7 g/kg (200 °C, 6.5 MPa)<br> 17.8 g/kg (200 °C, 40 MPa)<ref name=chemister>http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=644</ref>
  | SolubleOther = Soluble in [[alcohol]], [[chloroform|CHCl<sub>3</sub>]], [[carbon tetrachloride|CCl<sub>4</sub>]], [[diethyl ether]], [[acetone]], [[acetic acid]]<ref name=chemister />
| Solubility1 = 5.83 g/100 g (20 °C)<br> 6.61 g/100 g (40 °C)<br> 7.61 g/100 g (60 °C)<ref name=chemister />
| Solvent1 = ethanediol
| Solubility2 = 20 °C, solution in water:<br> 1.2 mL/L (20% v/v)<ref name=sioc>{{cite book|last = Seidell|first = Atherton|last2 = Linke|first2 = William F.|year = 1952|title = Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds|publisher = Van Nostrand|url = [http://books.google.com/books?id=k2e5AAAAIAAJ Google Books]|accessdate = 2014-05-29}}</ref>
| Solvent2 = ethanol
| Solubility3 = 20 °C, solution in water:<br> 7.69 mL/L (38.46% v/v)<br> 49.4 mL/L (62.5% v/v)<ref name=sioc />
| Solvent3 = acetone
| Solubility4 = 52 g/100 g (20 °C)<ref name=chemister />
| Solvent4 = diethylene glycol
  | MeltingPtC = 5.53
  | BoilingPtC = 80.1
  | Viscosity = 0.7528 [[Poise|cP]] (10 °C)<br> 0.6076 cP (25 °C)<br> 0.4965 cP (40 °C)<br> 0.3075 cP (80 °C)
  | LambdaMax = 255 nm
  | RefractIndex = 1.5011 (20 °C)<br> 1.4948 (30 °C)<ref name=chemister />
  | LogP = 2.13
  | MagSus = 54.8·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
| VaporPressure = 12.7 kPa (25 °C)<br> 24.4 kPa (40 °C)<br> 181 kPa (100 °C)<ref name=nist>{{nist|name=Benzene|id=C71432|accessdate=2014-05-29|mask=FFFF|units=SI}}</ref>
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| MolShape = Tetrahedral
| Dipole = 0 [[Debye|D]]
 }}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
  | DeltaHf = 48.7 kJ/mol
  | HeatCapacity = 134.8 J/mol·K
  | Entropy = 173.26 J/mol·K<ref name=nist />
| DeltaHc = 3267.6 kJ/mol<ref name=nist />
 }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
  | ExternalMSDS = [http://www.hmdb.ca/system/metabolites/msds/000/001/365/original/HMDB01505.pdf?1358893540 HMDB]
|   GHSPictograms = {{GHS02}}{{GHS06}}{{GHS08}}<ref name="sigma">[[Sigma-Aldrich|Sigma-Aldrich Co.]], [http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/401765 Benzene]. Retrieved on 2014-05-29.</ref>
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
|   HPhrases = {{H-phrases|225|304|315|319|340|350|372}}<ref name="sigma" />
|   PPhrases = {{P-phrases|201|210|301+310|305+351+338|308+313|331}}<ref name="sigma" />
  | FlashPtC = −11.63
  | AutoignitionPtC = 497.78
  | ExploLimits = 1.2–7.8%
  | EUClass = {{Hazchem F}} {{Hazchem T+}}<br> [[Carcinogen|Carc. Cat. 1]]<br> [[Mutagen|Muta. Cat. 2]]
  | NFPA-H = 3
  | NFPA-F = 3
  | NFPA-R = 0
  | RPhrases = {{R45}}, {{R46}}, {{R11}}, {{R16}}, {{R36/38}},{{R48/23/24/25}}, {{R65}}
  | SPhrases = {{S53}}, {{S45}}
  | LD50 = 930 mg/kg (rat, oral)
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
  | OtherCpds = [[Toluene]]<br> [[Borazine]]
  }}
}}
'''Benzene''' is an [[organic compoond|organic]] [[chemical compoond]] wi the molecular formula [[Carbon|C]]<sub>6</sub>[[Hydrogen|H]]<sub>6</sub>. The benzene molecule is componed o sax caurbon atoms jynt in a ring wi ane hydrogen atom attached tae ilk. As it conteens anerly caurbon an hydrogen atoms, benzene is clessed as a [[hydrocaurbon]].

'''Marble''' or '''merble''' or '''marrabale''' or '''marbae''' or '''marval''' or '''marvel''' is a non-foliate [[metamorphic rock]] componed o recrystallised carbonate minerals, maist commonly [[calcite]] or [[dolomite]]. Geologists uise the term "marble" fur tae refer tae metamorphosed [[limestane]]; housomever, stanemasons uise the term braidly tae encompass unmetamorphosed limestane.<ref>Kearey, Philip (2001). ''Dictionary of Geology'', Penguin Group, London and New York, p. 163. ISBN 978-0-14-051494-0</ref> Marble is commonly uised for [[marble sculptur]]s an as a [[airchitectur|biggin]] material. It can conteen clay minerals, micas, quartz, pyrite, iron oxides an graphite.

{{Other uses}}

{{Unsoorced}}
'''East''' is ane o the fower main [[airtin|airtins, or airts,]] on a [[compass]]. East is for ordinar tae the [[richt]] on maist [[cairt]]s. [[Japan]] is east o [[Cheenae]], [[Saudi Arabie]] is east o [[Egyp]], an [[Swaden]] is east o [[Norrowey]]. The [[kintra]]s in the Eastren [[Mediterranean]] an aroond the [[Reid Sea]] an the [[Gulf o Arabie]] are for ordinar cried the "[[Middle East]]". [[Cheenae]], [[Indie]], [[Japan]], an ither kintras in that pairt o the [[warld]] mak up the "[[Faur East]]." The [[sun]] an [[muin]] rise in the east.
{{Stub}}{{airtins}}

A '''semiconductor''' is a material which haes [[electrical conductivity]] atween that o a [[Electrical resistivity an conductivity|conductor]] sic as copper an that o an [[Insulator (electrical)|insulator]] sic as gless.

{{fixscots|date=Dizember 2020}}

wrate the best kent fictional biographie o the Middle Ages wi ''[[Le Morte d'Arthur]]'' anent the life o [[Keeng Arthur]].]]

A '''het press''' is a lairge inbiggit [[press]], whiles it can be big eneuch for tae walk intae. It conteenin a [[watter heater]]; teepically an [[immersion heater]] for [[domestic watter seestem|het rinnin watter]] raither nor a byler for [[central heatin]] watter.  Shelfs, for ordinar spart tae allou heat tae [[convection|circulate]], is poseetiont abuin or aboot the heater for tae provide storage for claes, teepically [[naperie]] an [[touel]]lin.  The ettle is tae hinder dunk raither nor tae dry weet claes.  Ither names includes "byler press", or "airin press".

{{taxobox
| name = Wasabi
| image = Wasabia_japonica_4.JPG
| image_caption = Wasabi
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
| unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
| ordo = [[Brassicales]]
| familia = [[Brassicaceae]]
| genus = '''''Wasabia'''''
| species = '''''W. japonica'''''
| binomial = ''Wasabia japonica''
| binomial_authority = [[Ninzo Matsumura|Matsum.]]
}}
{{nihongo|'''Wasabi'''|わさび（山葵）||oreeginally {{lang|ja|和佐比}}; ''Wasabia japonica'' or ''Eutrema japonica''}},<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?404759|title=Eutrema japonica (Miq.) Koidz.|publisher=Germplasm Resources Information Network, USDA|access-date=2014-04-28|archive-date=2013-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512140237/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?404759#syn|url-status=dead}}</ref> is a member o the [[Brassicaceae]] faimily, that includes [[cabbitch]]es, [[reidcoll]], an [[Mustart plant|mustart]].

{{Taxobox
| name = ''Pocillopora capitata''
| image = 
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{IUCN2013.2 |assessor=Hoeksema, B. |assessor2=Rogers, A. |assessor3=Quibilan, M. |year=2014 |version=2017.1 |id= 132958|title=Pocillopora capitata |downloaded=24 October 2017 }}</ref>
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Cnidaria]]
| classis = [[Coral|Anthozoa]]
| ordo = [[Scleractinia]]
| familia = [[Pocilloporidae]]
| genus = ''[[Pocillopora]]''
| species = '''''P. capitata'''''
| binomial = ''Pocillopora capitata''
| binomial_authority = [[Addison Emery Verrill|Verrill]], 1864<ref name=WoRMS>{{cite WoRMS |author=van der Land, Jacob |year=2013 |title=''Pocillopora capitata'' Verrill, 1864 |id=289246 |accessdate=24 October 2017 }}</ref>
}}
'''''Pocillopora capitata''''', is a [[Colony (biologie)|colonial]] [[species]] o [[Scleractinia|stany coral]] in the faimily [[Pocilloporidae]]. 

|Lageplan          = Hasselberg in SL.PNG
|Bundesland        = Schleswig-Holstein
|Kreis             = Schleswig-Flensburg
|Amt               = Geltinger Bucht
|Höhe              = 3
|Fläche            = 11.3
|Einwohner         = 899
|Stand             = 2006-12-31
|PLZ               = 24376
|Vorwahl           = 04643
|Kfz               = SL
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 59 121
|Adresse-Verband   = Holmlück 2<br />24972 Steinbergkirche
|Website           = [http://www.amt-steinbergkirche.de/ www.amt-<br />steinbergkirche.de]
|Bürgermeister     = Hans-Heinrich Franke
|Partei            =
}}

{{fixscots|date=Februar 2021}}

{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Crocodiles
| taxon = Crocodylinae
| fossil_range = [[Eocene]] – [[Holocene]], {{Geological range|55|0}}
| image = Nile crocodile head.jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| image_caption = [[Nile crocodile]] (''Crocodylus niloticus'')
| image2 = Pangil Crocodile Park Davao City.jpg
| image2_upright = 1.2
| image2_caption = [[Sautwatter crocodile]] (''Crocodylus porosus'')
| authority = [[Georges Cuvier|Cuvier]], 1807
| type_species = ''[[Crocodylus niloticus]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Joseph Nicolai Laurenti|Laurenti]], 1768
| range_map = 
| range_map_caption = 
| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]
| subdivision = 
* ''[[Crocodylus]]''
* ''[[Osteolaemus]]''
* ''[[Mecistops]]'' ''(proponed)''
}}
'''Crocodiles''' (subfaimily '''Crocodylinae''') or '''true crocodiles''' are muckle aquatic [[reptile]]s that live throuoot the tropics in Africae, Aisie, the Americaes an [[Austrailie (continent)|Austrailie]].

The '''Berlin internaitional film fest''' is a film fest on in [[Berlin]] an is ane o the three maist important film fests in the year (alang wi Cannes an [[Venice]]). The main awaird is the ''Goldener Bär'' ([[Gowden beir]]), gien til the best film that is kent the warld ower.

The '''Melting Pot Theory''' wis an auld thocht, that fowks fae sindry creeds wad aw become akin wi intermairiage an cultural asseemilation.  

{{fixscots}}
{{Coord|35|N|136|E|display=title}}
}} |''Nippon-koku'' |''Nihon-koku''}}
|image_flag = Flag of Japan.svg
|alt_flag = Centered reid circle on a white rectangle.
|common_name = Japan
|linking_name = Japan
|image_coat = Imperial Seal of Japan.svg
|alt_coat = Gowden circle subdividit bi gowden wedges wi roondit ooter edges an thin black ootlines.
|symbol_type = Imperial Seal
|other_symbol_type = [[Govrenment Seal o Japan]]
|other_symbol = {{unbulleted list | |{{larger|{{Nihongo|五七桐|''Go-Shichi no Kiri''}}}}}}
|image_map = Japan (orthographic projection).svg
|map_width = 220px
|national_anthem = {{unbulleted list|"''[[Kimigayo]]''"|{{lower|0.25em|"{{big|{{Nihongo|君が代}}}}"}}}}<br/><center></center>
|official_languages = None<ref>{{cite web |url=http://houseikyoku.sangiin.go.jp/column/column068.htm |title=法制執務コラム集「法律と国語・日本語」 |publisher=Legislative Bureau of the House of Councillors |accessdate=January 19, 2009 |language=Japanese}}</ref>
|languages_type = [[Naitional leid]]
|languages = [[Japanese leid|Japanese]]
|regional_languages =
 {{unbulleted list|li_style=font-size:95%;
  | [[Ainu leid|Aynu itak]]
  | {{nowrap|[[Ryukyuan leids]]}}
  | [[Eastren Japanese]]
  | [[Wastren Japanese]]
  | {{longitem|style=line-height:1.1em; |{{smaller|several ither [[Japanese dialects]]}}}}
 }}
|demonym = Japanese
|ethnic_groups =
 {{unbulleted list
  | 98.5% [[Japanese fowk|Japanese]]
  |  0.5% [[Koreans in Japan|Korean]]
  |  0.4% [[Cheenese fowk in Japan|Cheenese]]
  |  0.6% ither
 }}
|ethnic_groups_year = 2011{{lower|0.4em|<ref name="cia">{{cite web|title=World Factbook: Japan|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html|publisher=[[CIA]]|accessdate=January 15, 2011|archive-date=2015-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220044055/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
|capital = [[Tokyo]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|35|41|N|139|46|E|type:city}}
|government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Pairlamentary seestem|parliamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy]]
|leader_title1 = [[Emperor o Japan|Emperor]]
|leader_name1 = [[Naruhito]] (徳仁)
|leader_title2 = [[Prime Meenister o Japan|Prime Meenister]]
|leader_name2 = [[Fumio Kishida]] (岸田 文雄)
|legislature = [[Naitional Diet]]
|upper_house = [[Hoose o Cooncillors]]
|lower_house = [[Hoose o Representatives (Japan)|Hoose o Representatives]]
|area_footnote = <ref>{{cite web |title=Japan Statistical Yearbook 2010 |publisher=Statistics Bureau |accessdate=January 15, 2011 |url=http://www.stat.go.jp/data/nenkan/pdf/yhyou01.pdf |page=17 |archive-date=2015-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922153823/http://www.stat.go.jp/data/nenkan/pdf/yhyou01.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|area_rank = 62nt
|area_km2 = 377,975
|area_sq_mi = {{convert|377975|km2|sqmi|disp=output number only}}<!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|percent_water = 1.4
|population_estimate = 125,360,000<ref>{{cite web|title=Population Estimates Monthly Report July 2021)|url=https://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/jinsui/tsuki/index.html|publisher=[[Statistics Bureau (Japan)|Statistics Bureau of Japan]]|date=July 20, 2021}}</ref>
|population_estimate_year = 2021
|population_estimate_rank = 11t
|population_census = 126,226,568<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.e-stat.go.jp/en/stat-search/files?page=1&layout=datalist&toukei=00200521&tstat=000001136464&cycle=0&year=20200&month=24101210&tclass1=000001136465&tclass2=000001154388&tclass3val=0|title=2020 Population Census Preliminary Tabulation|accessdate=June 26, 2021|publisher=[[Statistics Bureau (Japan)|Statistics Bureau of Japan]]}}</ref>
|population_census_year = 2020
|population_density_km2 = 334
|population_densitymi2 = 873.1 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|population_density_rank = 36t
|GDP_PPP_year = 2019
|GDP_PPP = $5.586 trillion <ref name="IMFWEOJP">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April/weo-report?c=158,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2019&ey=2026&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|title=World Economic Outlook database: April 2021|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|date=April 2021}}</ref>
|GDP_PPP_rank = 4t
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $44,585
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 27st
|GDP_nominal = $5.378 trillion
|GDP_nominal_rank = 3rd
|GDP_nominal_year = 2021
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,928
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 23rd
|Gini_year = 2018
|Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
|Gini = 33.4 <!--number only-->
|Gini_ref = <ref name="cia"/>
|Gini_rank = 78th
|sovereignty_type = [[History o Japan|Formation]]
|established_event1 = [[Naitional Foundation Day]]
|established_date1 = 11 Februar 660&nbsp;BC<ref>Accordin tae legend, Japan wis foondit on this date bi [[Emperor Jimmu]], the kintra's first emperor.</ref>
|established_event2 = [[Meiji Constitution]]
|established_date2 = November 29, 1890
|established_event3 = {{nowrap|[[Constitution o Japan|Current constitution]]}}
|established_date3 = Mey 3, 1947
|established_event4 = {{nowrap|[[Treaty o San Francisco|San Francisco<br/>Peace Treaty]]}}
|established_date4 = Aprile 28, 1952
|Gini_year = 2018
|Gini_change =  <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
|Gini = 37.6 <!--number only-->
|Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm|title=Inequality - Income inequality - OECD Data|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]|access-date=25 July 2021}}</ref>
|Gini_rank = 78t
|HDI_year = 2019
|HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
|HDI = 0.919 <!--number only-->
|HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2020|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=December 15, 2020|accessdate=December 15, 2020}}</ref>
|HDI_rank = 10th
|currency = [[Japanese yen|Yen]] (¥){{\}}{{transl|ja|''En''}} {{lang|ja|円}}
|currency_code = JPY
|time_zone = [[Japan Staundart Time|JST]]
|utc_offset = +9
|time_zone_DST = nae observed
|utc_offset_DST = +9
|date_format = {{unbulleted list |yyyy-mm-dd |yyyy年m月d日 |{{nowrap|[[Japanese era name|Era]]&nbsp;yy年m月d日 {{small|([[Common Era|CE]]−1988)}}}}}}
|drives_on = [[Richt- an left-hand traffic#Japan|left]]
|calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in Japan|+81]]
|cctld = [[.jp]]
|official_website = [http://www.japan.go.jp www.japan.go.jp]
}}
'''Japan''' ({{lang-ja|日本}} ''Nippon'' {{IPA-ja|nip̚põ̞ɴ|}} or ''Nihon'' {{IPA-ja|nihõ̞ɴ|}}; formally {{nihongo2|日本国}} ''{{audio|help=no|Ja-nippon_nihonkoku.ogg|Nippon-koku}}'' or ''Nihon-koku'', meanin "State o Japan") is a sovereign island naition in Eastren Asie. Locatit in the [[Paceefic Ocean]], it lies off the eastren coast o the Asie Mainland (east o [[Cheenae]], [[Korea]], [[Roushie]]) an stretches frae the [[Sea o Okhotsk]] in the north tae the East Cheenae Sea an [[Taiwan]] in the soothwast.

'''Aristotle''' (Aristoteles in [[auld griek]]) (384 BC – [[7 Mairch]] 322 BC) wis an auncient Greek [[philosophy|philosopher]], a student o [[Plato]] an a teacher o [[Alexander the Great]]. He wrat beuks on mony subjects, sic as physics. Aristotle, alang wi Plato an [[Socrates]], is aften thocht o as ane o the maist influential Greek philosophers. He turnt Greek philosophy intae the foonds o Wastren philosophy as we ken it.

'''Dentylion wine''' is a kynd o drink made fae [[dentylion]]s speicially in midwast [[America]]e.

</ref> – 15 February 1637
| coronation         = 9 September 1619, [[Frankfurt]]
| predecessor        = [[Matthias, Haly Roman Emperor|Matthias]]
| successor          = [[Ferdinand III, Haly Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]]
| succession1        = [[Keeng o Bohemie]]
| reign1             = 5 Juin 1617 – 15 Februar 1637
| coronation1        = 29 Juin 1617, [[Prague]]
| predecessor1       = [[Matthias, Haly Roman Emperor|Matthias]]
| successor1         = [[Ferdinand III, Haly Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]]
| succession2        = Keeng o [[Keeng o Hungary|Hungary]] an [[Keeng o Croatie|Croatie]]
| reign2             = 1 Julie 1618 – 15 Februar 1637
| coronation2        = 1 Julie 1618, [[Pressburg]]
| predecessor2       = [[Matthias, Haly Roman Emperor|Matthias]]
| successor2         = [[Ferdinand III, Haly Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]]
| succession3        = [[Airchduke o Austrick]]
| reign3             = 1619 – 15 Februar 1637
| predecessor3       = [[Matthias, Haly Roman Emperor|Matthias]]
| successor3         = [[Ferdinand III, Haly Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]]
| spouse            = [[Maria Anna o Bavarie (1574–1616)|Maria Anna o Bavarie]]<br />[[Eleonor Gonzaga (1598–1655)|Eleonor Gonzaga]]
| issue          =[[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor]]<br>[[Airchduchess Maria Anna o Austrick (1610–1665)|Maria Anna, Electress o Bavarie]]<br>[[Cecilia Renata o Austrick|Cecilia Renata, Queen o Poland]]<br>[[Airchduke Leopold Wilhelm o Austrick]]
| house           = [[Hoose o Habsburg]]
| father          = [[Charles II, Airchduke o Austrick]]
| mother          = [[Maria Anna o Bavarie (1551–1608)|Maria Anna o Bavarie]]
| birth_date      = 9 Julie 1578
| birth_place     = [[Graz]], Austrick
| death_date      = 15 Februar 1637 (agit 58)
| death_place     = [[Vienna]], Austrick
| date of burial  =
| place of burial = Mausoleum in Graz, Austrick (body)<br>[[Augustinian Kirk, Vienna|Augustinian Kirk]], Austrick (hert)
| religion        = [[Roman Catholicism]]
}}
'''Ferdinand II''' (9 Julie 1578 – 15 Februar 1637), a member o the [[Hoose o Habsburg]], wis [[Haly Roman Emperor]] (1619–1637), [[Keeng o Bohemie]] (1617–1619, 1620–1637), an [[Keeng o Hungary]] (1618–1625).<ref>{{cite web|author=Hans Sturmberger |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/204463/Ferdinand-II |title=Ferdinand II (Holy Roman emperor) : Introduction - Britannica Online Encyclopedia |publisher=Britannica.com |date= |accessdate=2012-05-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ferdinand II (Holy Roman Empire) – MSN Encarta <!-- BOT GENERATED TITLE -->|url=http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761556556/Ferdinand_II_(Holy_Roman_Empire).html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5kwc5h7uL?url=http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761556556/Ferdinand_II_(Holy_Roman_Empire).html|archivedate=2009-10-31|deadurl=yes|access-date=2015-06-05|url-status=dead}}</ref>

An '''Economie''' (frae [[Greek leid|Greek]]: οικονομία, ''ikonomía'', "a bodie that mauns a housshaud", derived frae the noun οικος, ''íkos'', "houss", an verb νέμω, ''némo'', "caw aboot or maun") is the [[economic seestem|seestem]] o human acteevities adae wi the makkin, distribution, exchynge, an consumption o [[guids (economics)|guids]] an services o a kintra or ither aurie.

The '''Scots Leid Associe''' (kent in Inglis as the '''Scots Language Society''') is a bodie that warks for the furdal o the [[Scots leid]] in "leiterature, drama, the media, education an ilka day uiss".  It wis foundit in 1972, an haes about 350 memmers the nou.

| birth_place  = [[Zonnemaire]], Netherlands
| death_date   = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1943|10|9|1865|5|25|df=y}}
| death_place  = [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands
| nationality  = Netherlands
| field        = [[Physics]]
| work_places  = [[Varsity o Amsterdam]]
| alma_mater   = [[Varsity o Leiden]]
| doctoral_advisor = [[Heike Kamerlingh Onnes]]
| doctoral_students = <!--please insert-->
| known_for    = [[Zeeman effect]]
| spouse       = {{marriage|Johanna Elisabeth Lebret|1895|1943}}
| prizes       = {{nowrap|[[Nobel Prize for Physics]] (1902)<br />[[Matteucci Medal]] (1912)<br />[[Henry Draper Medal]] (1921)<br />[[Rumford Medal]] (1922)<br />[[Franklin Medal]] (1925)}}
}}
'''Pieter Zeeman''' ({{IPA-nl|ˈzeːmɑn|lang}}; 25 Mey 1865 – 9 October 1943) wis a Dutch [[physics|physicist]] who shared the 1902 [[Nobel Prize]] in [[Physics]] wi [[Hendrik Lorentz]] for his discovery o the [[Zeeman effect]].

|birth_place       = [[Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat]]
|death_date        = {{Death date and age|df=y|1850|5|9|1778|12|6}}
|death_place       = [[Paris]], [[Fraunce]]
|residence         =
|citizenship       =
|nationality       = French
|ethnicity         =
|field             = [[Chemistry]]
|work_institutions = 
|alma_mater        = ''[[École polytechnique]]''
|doctoral_advisor  =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for         =  [[Gay-Lussac's law]]
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences        =
|influenced        =
|prizes            =
|religion          =
|footnotes         =
|signature         = Gay-Lussac Signature.svg
}}
'''Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|g|eɪ|l|ə|ˈ|s|æ|k}};<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/gay-lussac "Gay-Lussac"]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.</ref> {{IPA-fr|ʒɔzɛf lwi ɡɛlysak|lang}}; an aa '''Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac'''; 6 December 1778 – 9 Mey 1850) wis a [[French fowk|French]] [[chemistry|chemist]] an [[physics|physicist]].

'''Espionage''' or '''spyin''' involves a govrenment or individual obtainin information considered [[secrecy|secret]] or [[confidential]] athoot the permission o the hauder o the information.<ref>{{cite web|title=WHAT IS ESPIONAGE?|url=https://www.mi5.gov.uk/home/the-threats/espionage/what-is-espionage.html|access-date=2014-07-04|archive-date=2013-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101174455/https://www.mi5.gov.uk/home/the-threats/espionage/what-is-espionage.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

| rr              = Dunchon-dong
| mr              = Tunch'on-tong
| area_km2        = 1.90
| pop             = 53383
| popnote         = <ref name="encyber" />
| popyear         = 2001
| popden_km2      = 28096
| popdennote      = 
| divs            = 
| map             = 
|mapcaption       = 
}}

{{Italic title}}{{taxobox
|name = ''Primula auricula''
|image = PrimulaAuricula.jpg
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
|ordo = [[Ericales]]
|familia = [[Primulaceae]]
|genus = ''[[Primula]]''
|species = '''''P. auricula'''''
|binomial = ''Primula auricula''
|binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|}}
'''''Primula auricula''''', eften known as '''dusty miller''' or '''disty miller''' (frae the shape o its leafs), is a [[species]] o [[flouerin plant]] in the [[faimily (biology)|faimily]] Primulaceae, that growes on [[basic rock]]s in the moontain ranges o central Europe, includin the wastren Alps, Jura moontains, the Vosges, the Black Forest an the Tatra Moontains.

'''Benjamin Earl''' "'''Ben'''" '''King''' (born '''Benjamin Earl Nelson'''; September 28, 1938 &ndash; Apryle 30, 2015) wis an [[Americans|American]] [[Soul muisic|soul]] an [[R&B]] [[sangster]]. He wis best kent as the sangster an [[Componer|co-composer]] o "[[Stand by Me]]".

Political parties are aft described as being either '''left-wing''', '''richt-wing''', or '''centre''' (nae left or richt).

{{fixscots}}
{{stub/Science}}

gemme]]
A '''[[gemme]]''' is a structurt or semi-structurt acteevity, for ordinar unnertaen for enjoyment an whiles uised as an [[eddication]]al tuil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Definition of GAME|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/game|access-date=2022-01-21|website=www.merriam-webster.com|language=en}}</ref> (The term "gemme" is uised for tae descrieve simulation o sindry acteevities e.g., for the purposes o trainin, analysis or predeection, etc. Gemmes is for ordinar distinct frae wark that's for ordinar cairiet oot for remuneration, an frae [[airt]] that's mair adae wi the expression o thochts. Housomeiver, the disteenction isna clear-cut, an mony gemmes micht be conseedered wark an/or airt an aw. Key components o gemmes is dales, rules, chailenge, an interacteevity. Gemmes for ordinar involves mental or pheesical stimulation, an aften baith. Mony gemmes helps upbig practical skeels, sers as a form o exercise, or itherwice performs an eddicational, simulational or psychological role.

]]
'''Jules Shungu Wembadio Pene Kikunba''', kent as '''Papa Wemba''' ([[14 Juin]] [[1949]] à Lubefu in the [[Belgian Congo]] (thir days in East Kasai in the [[Democratic Republic o the Congo]]) an deid [[24 Aprile]] [[2016]] at [[Abidjan]] in [[Côte d'Ivoire]]) wis a Congolese muisicker, sangster an actor. He played maist aften muisic genres fae Congo itsel: [[Congolese rumba]], [[soukous]], [[ndombolo]].

|birth_place=[[Masquefa]], [[Catalonie]], [[Francoist Spainie|Spainie]]|death_date={{Death date and age|2023|09|03|1955|02|04|df=y}}|death_place=|alma_mater=[[University of Barcelona]]<br>[[University of Marburg]]<br>[[University of Cologne]]<br>[[University of California]]|thesis_title="La classificació de les llengües d'Àfrica: el bantu i una hipòtesi (més) sobre la seva expansió"|thesis_url=|thesis_year=1991|occupation={{hlist|Linguist|Language activist|University professor}}|children=2}}

'''Murther''' is the unlesum killin, wi [[malice aforethocht]], o anither human, an generally this state o mynd distinguishes murther frae ither forms o unlesum [[homicide]] (sic as [[manslaughter]]). As the loss o a human bein inflicts enormous grief upon the individuals close tae the victim, as well as the fact that the commission o a murrher is heichlie detrimental tae the guid order athin society, maist societies baith present an in antiquity hae considerit it a maist serious creeme worthy o the hairskest o punishment. In maist kintras, a person convictit o murther is teepically gien a lang preeson sentence, possibly a [[life sentence]] whaur permittit, an in some kintras, the [[daith penalty]] mey be imposit for sic an act — tho this practice is becomin less common.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/28/us-china-death-penalty-amnesty | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Mark | last=Tran | title=China and US among top punishers but death penalty in decline | date=2011-03-28}}</ref> In maist kintras, thare is no [[statute o limitations]] for murther (nae time leemit for prosecutin someane for murther). A person who commits murther is cried a ''murtherer.''<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/murderer Definition of '''murderer''' in ''Merriam Webster's Online Dictionary (2009)'']. Retrieved on 2009-05-17.</ref>

{{fixscots|date=Mairch 2021}}

{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 464365162
| Name = Benzene
| ImageFileL1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageFileL1 = Benzene geometrie.svg
| ImageNameL1 = Skeletal formula detail o benzene
| ImageSizeL1 = 120px
| ImageFileR1 = Benzene-xtal-3D-vdW.png
| ImageNameR1 = Stack o benzene baw-an-stick model
| ImageSizeR1 = 150px
| ImageFile2 = Solid benzene.png
| ImageName2 = Frozen benzene
| ImageSize2 = 200px
| IUPACName = Benzene
| SystematicName = Cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene
| OtherNames = 1,3,5-Cyclohexatriene, Benzol, Phene
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
  | CASNo = 71-43-2
  | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
  | PubChem = 241
  | ChemSpiderID = 236
  | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
  | UNII = J64922108F
  | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
  | KEGG = C01407
  | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
  | ChEBI = 16716
  | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
  | ChEMBL = 277500
  | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
  | RTECS = CY1400000
  | SMILES = c1ccccc1
  | EINECS = 200-753-7
  | InChI = 1/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H
  | InChIKey = UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYAH
  | StdInChI = 1S/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H
  | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
  | StdInChIKey = UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
  }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
  | C=6|H=6
  | Appearance = Colourless liquid
  | Odor = Aromatic, petrol-like
  | Density = 0.8765(20) g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="handbook13">{{RubberBible86th}}</ref>
  | Solubility = 1.53 g/L (0 °C)<br> 1.81 g/L (9 °C)<br> 1.79 g/L (15 °C)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Arnold |first1=D. |last2=Plank |first2=C. |last3=Erickson |first3=E. |last4=Pike |first4=F. |title=Solubility of Benzene in Water |year=1958 |journal=Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Chemical & Engineering Data Series |volume=3 |issue=2 |page=253 |doi=10.1021/i460004a016}}</ref><!--1st ref is most comprehensive but is paywalled---><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Breslow |first1=R. |last2=Guo |first2=T. |title=Surface tension measurements show that chaotropic salting-in denaturants are not just water-structure breakers |year=1990 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=87 |issue=1 |pages=167–9 |pmid=2153285 |pmc=53221 |doi=10.1073/pnas.87.1.167|bibcode = 1990PNAS...87..167B }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Coker |first1=A. Kayode |last2=Ludwig |first2=Ernest E. |title=Ludwig's Applied Process Design for Chemical And Petrochemical Plants |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=N8RcH8juG_YC&pg=PA114 |accessdate=2012-05-31 |volume=1 |year=2007 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=0-7506-7766-X |page=114}}</ref><br> 1.84 g/L (30 °C)<br> 2.26 g/L (61 °C)<br> 3.94 g/L (100 °C)<br> 21.7 g/kg (200 °C, 6.5 MPa)<br> 17.8 g/kg (200 °C, 40 MPa)<ref name=chemister>http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=644</ref>
  | SolubleOther = Soluble in [[alcohol]], [[chloroform|CHCl<sub>3</sub>]], [[carbon tetrachloride|CCl<sub>4</sub>]], [[diethyl ether]], [[acetone]], [[acetic acid]]<ref name=chemister />
| Solubility1 = 5.83 g/100 g (20 °C)<br> 6.61 g/100 g (40 °C)<br> 7.61 g/100 g (60 °C)<ref name=chemister />
| Solvent1 = ethanediol
| Solubility2 = 20 °C, solution in water:<br> 1.2 mL/L (20% v/v)<ref name=sioc>{{cite book|last = Seidell|first = Atherton|last2 = Linke|first2 = William F.|year = 1952|title = Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds|publisher = Van Nostrand|url = [http://books.google.com/books?id=k2e5AAAAIAAJ Google Books]|accessdate = 2014-05-29}}</ref>
| Solvent2 = ethanol
| Solubility3 = 20 °C, solution in water:<br> 7.69 mL/L (38.46% v/v)<br> 49.4 mL/L (62.5% v/v)<ref name=sioc />
| Solvent3 = acetone
| Solubility4 = 52 g/100 g (20 °C)<ref name=chemister />
| Solvent4 = diethylene glycol
  | MeltingPtC = 5.53
  | BoilingPtC = 80.1
  | Viscosity = 0.7528 [[Poise|cP]] (10 °C)<br> 0.6076 cP (25 °C)<br> 0.4965 cP (40 °C)<br> 0.3075 cP (80 °C)
  | LambdaMax = 255 nm
  | RefractIndex = 1.5011 (20 °C)<br> 1.4948 (30 °C)<ref name=chemister />
  | LogP = 2.13
  | MagSus = 54.8·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
| VaporPressure = 12.7 kPa (25 °C)<br> 24.4 kPa (40 °C)<br> 181 kPa (100 °C)<ref name=nist>{{nist|name=Benzene|id=C71432|accessdate=2014-05-29|mask=FFFF|units=SI}}</ref>
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| MolShape = Tetrahedral
| Dipole = 0 [[Debye|D]]
 }}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
  | DeltaHf = 48.7 kJ/mol
  | HeatCapacity = 134.8 J/mol·K
  | Entropy = 173.26 J/mol·K<ref name=nist />
| DeltaHc = 3267.6 kJ/mol<ref name=nist />
 }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
  | ExternalMSDS = [http://www.hmdb.ca/system/metabolites/msds/000/001/365/original/HMDB01505.pdf?1358893540 HMDB]
|   GHSPictograms = {{GHS02}}{{GHS06}}{{GHS08}}<ref name="sigma">[[Sigma-Aldrich|Sigma-Aldrich Co.]], [http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/401765 Benzene]. Retrieved on 2014-05-29.</ref>
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
|   HPhrases = {{H-phrases|225|304|315|319|340|350|372}}<ref name="sigma" />
|   PPhrases = {{P-phrases|201|210|301+310|305+351+338|308+313|331}}<ref name="sigma" />
  | FlashPtC = −11.63
  | AutoignitionPtC = 497.78
  | ExploLimits = 1.2–7.8%
  | EUClass = {{Hazchem F}} {{Hazchem T+}}<br> [[Carcinogen|Carc. Cat. 1]]<br> [[Mutagen|Muta. Cat. 2]]
  | NFPA-H = 3
  | NFPA-F = 3
  | NFPA-R = 0
  | RPhrases = {{R45}}, {{R46}}, {{R11}}, {{R16}}, {{R36/38}},{{R48/23/24/25}}, {{R65}}
  | SPhrases = {{S53}}, {{S45}}
  | LD50 = 930 mg/kg (rat, oral)
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
  | OtherCpds = [[Toluene]]<br> [[Borazine]]
  }}
}}
'''Benzene''' is an [[organic compoond|organic]] [[chemical compoond]] wi the molecular formula [[Carbon|C]]<sub>6</sub>[[Hydrogen|H]]<sub>6</sub>. The benzene molecule is componed o sax caurbon atoms jynt in a ring wi ane hydrogen atom attached tae ilk. As it conteens anerly caurbon an hydrogen atoms, benzene is clessed as a [[hydrocaurbon]].

'''Aristotle''' (Aristoteles in [[auld griek]]) (384 BC – [[7 Mairch]] 322 BC) wis an auncient Greek [[philosophy|philosopher]], a student o [[Plato]] an a teacher o [[Alexander the Great]]. He wrat beuks on mony subjects, sic as physics. Aristotle, alang wi Plato an [[Socrates]], is aften thocht o as ane o the maist influential Greek philosophers. He turnt Greek philosophy intae the foonds o Wastren philosophy as we ken it.

{{taxobox
|image = Wheat close-up.JPG
|image_width=250px
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Commelinids]]
|ordo = [[Poales]]
|familia = [[Poaceae]]
|subfamilia = [[Pooideae]]
|tribus = [[Triticeae]]
|genus = '''''Triticum'''''
|genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = {{div col}}
''[[Triticum aestivum|T. aestivum]]''<br />
''[[Triticum aethiopicum|T. aethiopicum]]''<br />
''[[Triticum araraticum|T. araraticum]]''<br />
''[[Triticum boeoticum|T. boeoticum]]''<br />
''[[Triticum carthlicum|T. carthlicum]]''<br />
''[[Triticum compactum|T. compactum]]''<br />
''[[Emmer|T. dicoccoides]]''<br />
''[[Triticum dicoccon|T. dicoccon]]''<br />
''[[Triticum durum|T. durum]]''<br />
''[[Triticum ispahanicum|T. ispahanicum]]''<br />
''[[Triticum karamyschevii|T. karamyschevii]]''<br />
''[[Triticum macha|T. macha]]''<br />
''[[Triticum militinae|T. militinae]]''<br />
''[[Triticum monococcum|T. monococcum]]''<br />
''[[Triticum polonicum|T. polonicum]]''<br />
''[[Triticum spelta|T. spelta]]''<br />
''[[Triticum sphaerococcum|T. sphaerococcum]]''<br />
''[[Triticum timopheevii|T. timopheevii]]''<br />
''[[Triticum turanicum|T. turanicum]]''<br />
''[[Triticum turgidum|T. turgidum]]''<br />
''[[Triticum urartu|T. urartu]]''<br />
''[[Triticum vavilovii|T. vavilovii]]''<br />
''[[Triticum zhukovskyi|T. zhukovskyi]]''<br />
{{div col end}}
<small>References:<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;[http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=42236&print_version=PRT&source=to_print Serial No. 42236] [[Integrated Taxonomic Information System|ITIS]] 2002-09-22</small>
|}}
'''Wheat''' (''Triticum'' spp.) or '''white-corn''' is a cultivatit gress oreeginally frae the Fertile Crescent region o the Near East that is nou grown athort the warld.

|birth_date={{Birth date|1414|7|21|df=y}}
|birth_place=[[Celle Ligure]], [[Republic o Genoa]]
|death_date={{death date and age|1484|8|12|1414|7|21|df=y}}
|death_place=[[Roum]], [[Papal States]]
|other=Sixtus}}
'''Pape Sixtus IV''' (21 Julie 1414&nbsp;– 12 August 1484), born '''Francesco [[Hoose o della Rovere|della Rovere]]''', wis [[Pape]] frae 9 August 1471 tae his daith in 1484. His accomplishments as pape includit biggin the [[Sistine Chaipel]] an the creaution o the [[Vatican Leebrar|Vatican Airchives]].
{{Authority control}}

{{Year dab|1868}}
{{Year nav|1868}}
{{C19 year in topic}}
__NOTOC__
Year '''1868''' ('''[[Roman numerals|MDCCCLXVIII]]''') wis a [[leap year stairtin on Wadensday]] (airt will display the full calendar) o the [[Gregorian Calendar]] an a [[leap year stairtin on Monanday]] o the 12-day slawer [[Julian calendar]].

|native_name_lang=ru|image=YevgenyPrigozhin.jpg|alt=|caption=Prigozhin in 2010|birth_name=Yevgeny Viktorovich Prigozhin (Евгений Викторович Пригожин)|birth_date={{birth date|df=y|1961|06|01}}|birth_place=[[Leningrad]], [[Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]] <br />(now Saint Perersburg, [[Russia]])<!-- DO NOT LINK PER MOS:GEOLINK -->|nickname="Putin's chef"|death_date={{death date and age|df=y|2023|08|23|1961|06|01}}|death_place=[[Kuzhenkino (urban-type settlement)|Kuzhenkino]], [[Tver Oblast]], Russia<!-- DO NOT LINK PER MOS:GEOLINK. -->|resting_place={{ill|Porokhovskoye Cemetery|ru|Пороховское кладбище}}|death_cause=[[2023 Wagner Group plane crash|Airplane crash]]|office=Leader of the [[Wagner Group]]|term_start=February 2014|term_end=23 August 2023|1blankname=Military commander|1namedata=[[Dmitry Utkin]]|successor=[[Pavel Prigozhin]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nanu |first1=Maighna |title=Yevgeny Prigozhin’s son 'takes over command of Wagner' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/10/02/yevgeny-prigozhins-son-takes-over-command-of-wagner/ |access-date=15 October 2023 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |date=2 October 2023}}</ref>|allegiance=[[Russia]]|commands=[[Wagner Group]]|battles={{tree list}}
* [[Russo-Ukrainian War]]
** [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]
*** [[Battle of Bakhmut]]
*** [[Battle of Soledar]]
*** [[Wagner Group rebellion]]
{{tree list/end}}|education=[[Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University|Leningrad Chemical an Pharmaceutical Institute]] (dropped out)|spouse=Lyubov Valentinovna Prigozhina|children=son [[Pavel Prigozhin|Pavel]] and two daughters|awards={{unbulleted list|[[Hero of the Russian Federation]]|[[Order of the Republic (Sudan)]]|[[Order of the Two Niles]]}}|module='''Business information'''
}}<div style="text-align: center;">'''Criminal information'''</div></ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Maglov |first1=Mikhail |last2=Olevsky |first2=Timur |last3=Treshchanin |first3=Dmitry |date=27 February 2019 |title=Investigation Charts Massive Haul For State Deals By Companies Linked To 'Putin's Chef' |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-prigozhin-current-time-investigation-companies-state-deals/29794524.html |access-date=26 February 2021 |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |archive-date=29 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329162547/https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-prigozhin-current-time-investigation-companies-state-deals/29794524.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Eltagouri |first=Marwa |date=17 February 2018 |title=The rise of 'Putin's chef,' the Russian oligarch accused of manipulating the U.S. election |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/02/16/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election/ |access-date=26 February 2021 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=27 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227125527/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/02/16/the-rise-of-putins-chef-yevgeniy-prigozhin-the-russian-accused-of-manipulating-the-u-s-election/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2018: [[conspiracy to defraud the United States]]
* 2023: incitement to armed rebellion in Russia (dropped)
}}
 | criminal_penalty = {{plainlist|
* Suspended sentence (1979)
* 12-year imprisonment (served 1981–1990)
}}
 | criminal_status  = Wantit by the [[FBI]] fur electoral interference
}}}}

|coordinates_footnotes=
|region   =[[Tuscany]]
|province  =[[Province o Florence|Florence]] (FI)
|frazioni   =
|mayor_party  =
|mayor   =[[Dario Nardella]] <br> ([[Democratic Pairty (Italy)|Democratic Pairty]])
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 =102.41
|population_footnotes=<ref>'Ceety' population (i.e., that o the ''[[comune]]'' or municipality) frae [http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2009gen/index.html=Monthly demographic balance: January–April 2009]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, [[Istituto Nazionale di Statistica|ISTAT]].</ref>
|population_total=370702
|population_as_of=31 October 2010
|pop_density_footnotes=
|population_demonym=Fiorentini
|elevation_footnotes=
|elevation_m  =50
|twin1   =
|twin1_country =
|saint   =[[John the Baptist]]
|day    =24 June
|postal_code  =50121-50145
|area_code  =055
|website   ={{Official website|http://www.comune.firenze.it}}
|footnotes  =
}}

{{Fixscots}}
{| ''TIME'', February 2, 1970. Retrieved: December 20, 2007.</ref>
 |status= In service
| primary user = [[British Airways]] <!--Limit one (1) primary user-->
| more users = [[Lufthansa]] <br />[[Korean Air]] <br />[[Atlas Air]] <!-- Limit is THREE (3) in 'more users' field, four (4) total users with primary user. Please separate with <br>.-->
 |produced= 1968–present
| number built = 1,548 {{as of|December 2018|lc=on|df=us}}<ref name=747_O_D_summ/>
 |unit cost= 747-100: US$24&nbsp;million (1967) <br />747-200: US$39&nbsp;million (1976) <br />747-300: US$83&nbsp;million (1982) <br />747-400: US$228–260&nbsp;million (2007)<br />747-8I: US$351.4&nbsp;million<ref name=prices>[http://www.boeing.com/commercial/prices/ "Boeing Commercial Airplanes prices."] ''The Boeing Company''. Retrieved: August 8, 2012.</ref><br />747-8F: US$352&nbsp;million
 |variants with their own articles= [[Boeing 747SP]] <br />[[Boeing 747-400]] <br />[[Boeing 747-8]] <br />[[Boeing VC-25]] <br />[[Boeing E-4]]
 |developed into= [[Boeing YAL-1]] <br />[[Boeing 747 Large Cargo Freighter]]
}}
|}
The '''Boeing 747''' is an American [[wide-bouk aircraft|wide-bouk]] commercial [[jet airliner]] an [[cargae aircraft]], aften referred tae bi its oreeginal nickname, "Jumbo Jet". Its distinctive "hump" upper deck alang the forrit pairt o the aircraft haes made it ane o the maist recognisable aircraft,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airspacemag.com/flight-today/747-worlds-airliner-180951414/?all&no-ist |title=747: The World's Airliner |work=Air & Space Magazine |last=Negroni |first=Christine |date=July 2014 |accessdate=January 2, 2015}}</ref> an it wis the first wide-bouk airplane produced. Manufacturt bi [[Boeing]]'s [[Boeing Commercial Airplanes|Commercial Airplane]] unit in the Unitit States, the 747 wis oreeginally enveesioned tae hae 150 per cent greater capacity than the [[Boeing 707]],<ref>Branson, Richard. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989780-2,00.html "Pilot of the Jet Age."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809122601/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989780-2,00.html |date=2016-08-09 }} ''Time'', December 7, 1998. Retrieved: December 13, 2007.</ref> a common lairge commercial aircraft o the 1960s. First flewn commercially in 1970, the 747 held the passenger capacity record for 37 year.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7061164.stm "A380 superjumbo lands in Sydney."] ''BBC,'' October 25, 2007. Retrieved: August 3, 2010. Quote: "The superjumbo's advent ends a reign of nearly four decades by the Boeing 747 as the world's biggest airliner."</ref>

{{fixscots|date=October 2020}}

The '''Jamaican general election 2016''' wis fur tae wale the fowk that be in the [[parliament o Jamaica]]. It wis on the 25t Febriweer 2016.

'''Invertebrates''' is ony [[animal]] species that disnae hae nor develop a [[vertebral column]], derived frae the [[notochord]]. Exemples o invertebrates incluid the [[Mollusca|molluscs]], sic as seechs an snails, [[Arthropod|arthropods]], consistin o [[Arachnid|arachnids]], [[Crustacean|crustaceans]] an [[Insect|insects]], an [[Cnidaria|cnidarians]] lik [[coral]] an [[loch-livers]], amang mony mair [[Taxon|taxa]].

{{fixscots|date=Februar 2021}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Cretaceous|present|refs=<ref>{{cite journal | author = Zhang S.-D., Jin J.-J., Chen S.-Y., Chase M. W., Soltis D. E., Li H.-T., Yang J.-B., Li D.-Z., Yi T.-S. | year = 2017 | title = Diversification of Rosaceae since the Late Cretaceous based on plastid phylogenomics | url = | journal = New Phytol | volume = 214 | issue = 3| pages = 1355–1367 | doi = 10.1111/nph.14461 | pmid = 28186635 }}</ref>}}
| image = Rosa pouzinii FlowerCloseup SierraMadrona.jpg
| image_caption = Flouer o ''[[Rosa pouzinii]]''
| taxon = Rosaceae
| authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Subfaimilies
| subdivision = 
* [[Amygdaloideae]]
* [[Dryadoideae]]
* [[Rosoideae]]
| range_map = Map-Rosaceae.PNG
| range_map_caption = Global distribution o Rosaceae
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="Takhtajan">{{cite book | author = Takhtajan A. |year = 1997 | title = Diversity and Classification of Flowering Plants | url = https://archive.org/details/diversityclassif0000takh | publisher = Columbia University Press | location = New York | pages = [https://archive.org/details/diversityclassif0000takh/page/1 1]–620 | isbn = 978-0231100984}}</ref>
| synonyms =
* Amygdalaceae <small>D. Don 1825</small>
* Coleogynaceae <small>J. Agardh 1858</small>
* Fragariaceae <small>Richard ex Nestler 1816</small>
* Lindleyaceae <small>J. Agardh 1858</small>
* Malaceae <small>[[John Kunkel Small|Small]] ex Britton 1903</small>
* Pomaceae <small>[[John Lindley|Lindl.]]</small>
* Potentillaceae <small>Sprengel ex Weinmann 1824</small>
* Prunaceae <small>Martinov</small>
* Spiraeaceae <small>Bertuch 1801</small>
}}
'''Rosaceae''' (the  '''rose faimily''') are a medium-sized [[faimily (biologie)|faimily]] o [[flouerin plant]]s, includin aboot 2830 speshies in 95 genera.<ref name="Stevens">Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). ''Angiosperm Phylogeny Website'' Version 9, June 2008 http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/welcome.html</ref>  The name is derived frae the teep genus ''[[Rose|Rosa]]''. Among the lairgest genera are ''[[Alchemilla]]'' (270), ''[[Sorbus]]'' (260), ''[[Crataegus]]'' (260), ''[[Cotoneaster]]'' (260), and ''[[Rubus]]'' (250).<ref name="Stevens"/>  The lairgest genus bi far is ''[[Prunus]]'' (plums, cherries, peaches, apricots an awmonds) wi aboot 430 speshies. However, aw o these numbers should be seen as unnerestimates - much taxonomic wirk is left tae be done here.

| location       = Mit Rahina, [[Cairo Govrenorate]], [[Egyp]]
| region         = [[Lawer Egyp]]
| type           = Settlement
| part_of        = 
| length         = 
| width          = 
| area           = 
| height         = 
| builder        = Unkent, wis already in existence during [[Iry-Hor]]'s reign<ref name="talle">P. Tallet, D. Laisnay: ''Iry-Hor et Narmer au Sud-Sinaï (Ouadi 'Ameyra), un complément à la chronologie des expéditios minière égyptiene'', in: BIFAO 112 (2012), 381-395, [http://www.academia.edu/3844520/_Iry-Hor_et_Narmer_au_Sud-Sinai_ouadi_Ameyra_ available online]</ref>
| material       = 
| built          = Possibly 31st century BC
| abandoned      = 7t century AD
| epochs         = [[Early Dynastic Period o Egyp|Early Dynastic Period]] tae [[Early Middle Ages]]
| cultures       = 
| dependency_of  = 
| occupants      = 
| event          = 
| excavations    = 
| archaeologists = 
| condition      = 
| ownership      = 
| management     = 
| public_access  = 
| website        = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| notes          = 
| designation1            = WHS
| designation1_offname    = Memphis an its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields frae [[Giza Necropolis|Giza]] tae [[Dahshur]]
| designation1_type       = Cultural
| designation1_criteria   = i, iii, vi
| designation1_date       = 1979 (3rd [[Warld Heritage Committee|session]])
| designation1_number     = [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/86 86]
| designation1_free1name  = Region
| designation1_free1value = [[Leet o Warld Heritage Steids in the Arab States|Arab States]]
}}
'''Memphis''' ({{lang-ar|منف}} ''{{transl|arz|Manf}}''&nbsp; {{IPA-arz|mænf|pron}}; {{lang-el|Μέμφις}}) wis the auncient caipital o [[Aneb-Hetch]], the first [[Nome (Egyp)|nome]] o [[Lawer Egyp]]. Its ruins are locatit near the toun o [[Mit Rahina]], 20 km (12 mi) sooth o [[Cairo]].

| reign-type = Regency
| reg-type = Co-regent
| regent = [[Empress Dowager Ci'an]] <br/> ''(1861–81)''
| regent1 = [[Tongzhi Emperor]] ''(1861–75)'' <br> [[Guangxu Emperor]] ''(1875–1908)''
| reg-type1 = Monarchs
| succession2 = [[Leet o Cheenese consorts|Empress Dowager]] o [[Qing Cheenae]]
| reign-type2 = Tenur
| reign2 =  22 August 1861 – {{nowrap|15 November 1908}}
| reg-type2 = {{nowrap|Co-dowager}}
| regent2 = [[Empress Dowager Ci'an]] <br/> ''(1861–81)''
| mate = [[Xianfeng Emperor]]
| issue = [[Tongzhi Emperor]]
| father = Yehenara Huizheng
| mother = Lady Fuca
| posthumous name = '''Short:''' Empress Xiao-Qin Xian Tsu  孝欽顯皇后<br />'''Full:''' Empress Xiao-Qin Ci-Xi Duan-You Kang-Yi Zhao-Yu Zhuang-Cheng Shou-Gong Qin-Xian Chong-Xi Pei-Tian Xing-Sheng Xian 孝欽慈禧端佑康頤昭豫莊誠壽恭欽獻崇熙配天興聖顯皇后
| house       = [[Aisin Gioro|Hoose o Aisin Gioro]] (bi marriage)
| birth_date  = {{Birth date|1835|11|29|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1908|11|15|1835|11|29|df=y}}
| death_place = Haw o Graceful Bird, [[Zhongnanhai]], [[Beijing]], [[Qing dynasty|Qing Empire]]
| burial = Pu Tuo Yu Dong Ding Ling, [[Eastren Qing Tombs]]
}}
'''Empress Dowager Cixi'''<sup>[[Empress Dowager Cixi#Names o Empress Dowager Cixi|1]]</sup> (an aa [[Romanisation o Cheenese|romanised]] as '''Empress Dowager Tzu-hsi'''; {{zh|c=慈禧太后|p=Cíxǐ Tàihòu|w=Tz'u<sup>2</sup>-hsi<sup>3</sup> T'ai<sup>4</sup>-hou<sup>4</sup>}}; {{IPA-cmn|tsʰ̌̌ɨ̌ɕì tʰâɪ̯ xɤ̂ʊ̯}}; [[Manchu leid|Manchu]]: Tsysi taiheo; 29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908), o the [[Manchu fowk|Manchu]] [[Nara (clan)|Yehenara]] clan, wis a Cheenese [[empress dowager]] an [[regent]] who effectively controlled the Cheenese govrenment in the late [[Qing dynasty]] for 47 year frae 1861 till her daith in 1908.

{{unsoorced|date=August 2020}}

'''Logic''' (frae [[Greek]] [[wiktionary:λογική|λογική]], ''logike'')<ref name="argumentative">"possessed of reason, intellectual, dialectical, argumentative", also related to [[wiktionary:λόγος|λόγος]] (''logos''), "word, thought, idea, argument, account, reason, or principle" (Liddell & Scott 1999; Online Etymology Dictionary 2001).</ref>  oreeginally meanin ''the wird'', or ''whit is spoken'', (but comin tae mean ''thocht'' or ''raison'')  is generally held tae conseest o the seestematic study o the form o valid arguments.

in the [[Swiss Alps]] ([[Swiss Naitional Pairk|Naitional Pairk]])]]
A '''forest''', an aa referred tae as a '''wid''' or the '''wids''', is an aurie wi a heich density o [[trees]]. As wi ceeties, dependin on various cultural defineetions, what is considered a forest mey vary signeeficantly in size an hae different classifications accordin tae hou an o whit the forest is componed.<ref>Lund, H. Gyde (coord.) 2006. 'Definitions of Forest, Deforestation, Afforestation, and Reforestation'. Gainesville, VA: Forest Information Services. Available from: [http://home.comcast.net/~gyde/DEFpaper.htm ComcastNet-gyde].</ref>  A forest is uisually an aurie filled wi trees but ony taw densely packed aurie o vegetation mey be considered a forest, even unnerwatter vegetation sic as [[kelp forest]]s, or non-vegetation sic as [[fungi]],<ref>{{Cite book
  | last = Stamets
  | first = Paul
  | authorlink = Paul_Stamets
  | title = Mycelium Running
  | url = https://archive.org/details/myceliumrunningh00stam_0
  | publisher = Ten Speed Press
  | year = 2005
  | page = [https://archive.org/details/myceliumrunningh00stam_0/page/35 35]
  | isbn = 1-58008-579-2}}</ref> an [[bacteria]].  Tree forests kiver approximately 9.4 percent o the [[Yird]]'s surface (or 30 percent o tot land aurie), tho thay ance covered much mair (aboot 50 percent o tot land aurie).  Thay function as [[habitat (ecology)|habitat]]s for organisms, [[watter cycle|hydrologic flow]] [[modulator]]s, an [[syle]] conservers, constitutin ane o the maist important aspects o the [[biosphere]].

[[Image:Moskvich407Budapest.jpg|right|250px|A [[police caur]] Moskvitch 407 in [[Budapest]].]]

Formally, in [[lingueestics]], a '''lexicon''' is a leid's inventory o [[lexeme]]s.

In [[geometry]], a '''radius''' o a [[raing]] or [[speere]] is a line segment frau its mid [[pynt]] til its [[perimeter]]. A radius is hal the lenth o the [[diameter]] in the same raing or speere. The radius o a regular polygon is the distance frau the pynt to a vertex.

'''Orient''' is a term meanin "the east". It first kythed in [[Soothwast Asie]] for tae descrive thon pairt o the warld. This term is contrair tae the "[[Occident]]" that's a term meanin "the wast".

{{Speciesbox
 | status              = LC
 | status_system       = IUCN3.1
 | status_ref          = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | year = 2016 | title = ''Emberiza citrinella'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 2016 | page = e.T22720878A89289181 | url = https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22720878A89289181.en | accessdate = 24 December 2018}}</ref>
 | image               = Goldammer Emberiza citrinella.jpg
 | image_caption       = Male ''E. c. citrinella''
 | image2              = Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) (W1CDR0001422 BD1).ogg
 | image2_caption      = Sang recordit in [[Devon]], Ingland
 | range_map           = Emberizacitronella3.png
 | range_map_caption   =
<div style="text-align:left;"><big>{{Legend2|#FFFF00| Breeding summer visitor|border=1px solid #aaa}}<br/> {{Legend2|#00FF00| Resident year-round|border=1px solid #aaa}} <br/>{{Legend2|#79A7FF| Winter visitor|border=1px solid #aaa}}</big></div>Approximate natural range
 | taxon               = Emberiza citrinella
 | authority           = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]
}}

</ref>
|population_footnotes           =
|population_note                =
|population_total               = 312,994
|population_density_km2         =
|population_density_sq_mi       =
|population_metro               = 467,254
|population_density_metro_km2   =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban               =
|population_density_urban_km2   =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title        =Ethnicities
|population_blank1              =Arab
|population_blank2_title        =Religions
|population_blank2              =Sunni Islam and the Greek Orthodox Church under the [[Patriarch of Antioch]]
|polation_density_blank1_km2 =
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
<!-- General information  --------------->
|timezone               =
|utc_offset             =
|timezone_DST           =
|utc_offset_DST         =
|coordinates            = {{coord|35|08|N|36|45|E|region:SY|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes    =  <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
|elevation_m            =
|elevation_ft           =
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type       =  <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
|postal_code            =
|area_code              = 33|33
|blank_name             =
|blank_info             =
|blank1_name            =
|blank1_info            =
|website                = {{url|http://www.ehama.sy/}}
|footnotes              = 
}}

{{fixscots}}
{{taxobox
|name = Wineberry
|image = Ribes rubrum 1.jpg
|image_caption = Cultivatit wineberry
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Core eudicots]]
|ordo = [[Saxifragales]]
|familia = [[Grossulariaceae]]
|genus = ''[[Ribes]]''
|species = '''''R. rubrum'''''
|binomial = ''Ribes rubrum''
|binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] 1753 nae Torr. & A. Gray 1840 nor Hook. f. & Thomson 1858
|synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2426658 The Plant List, ''Ribes rubrum'' L. ]</ref>
|synonyms={{collapsible list|bullets = true
|''Grossularia rubra'' <small>(L.) Scop.</small>
|''Ribes rubrum'' var. ''scandicum'' <small>Jancz.</small>
|''Ribes rubrum'' var. ''sylvestre'' <small>DC. ex Berland.</small>
|''Ribes spicatum'' subsp. ''scandicum'' <small>Hyl.</small>
|''Ribes sylvestre'' <small>(Lam.) Mert. & Koch</small> 
|''Ribes vulgare'' <small>Lam.</small>
|''Ribes vulgare'' var. ''sylvestre'' <small>Lam.</small>
|''Ribesium rubrum'' <small>Medik.</small>
|''Ribes triste'' var. ''alaskanum'' <small>Berger</small>
}}}}
The '''wineberry''' (''Ribes rubrum'') is a member o the genus ''[[Ribes]]'' in the [[Grossulariaceae|guissberry faimily]]. It is [[Indigenous (ecology)|native tae]] pairts o [[wastren Europe]] ([[Belgium]], [[Great Breetain]], [[Fraunce]], [[Norawa]], [[Swaden]], [[Germany]], [[Netherlands]], northren [[Italy]], northren [[Spain]], [[Portugal]], [[Poland]], an [[Croatie]]).<ref>[http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=ribes+rubrum Altervista Flora Italiana, ''Ribes rubrum'' L.] includes photos and European distribution map</ref> The species is widely cultivatit an haes escaped intae the wild in mony regions.<ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=220011643 Flora of North America, ''Ribes rubrum'' Linnaeus, 1753.  Red garden currant, groseillier rouge ]</ref><ref name=s>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=220011643 Flora of China, ''Ribes rubrum'' Linnaeus, 1753.  <big>红茶藨子</big> hong cha biao zi ]</ref>

in the [[Louvre]]]]
'''Drawin''' is a form o [[veesual airt]] in which a person uises sindry drawin instruments tae mark paper or anither twa-dimensional medium. Instruments include [[graphite]] [[pincil]]s, [[pen an ink]], [[ink]]ed [[brush]]es, wax [[colour pincil]]s, [[crayon]]s, [[charcoal]], [[chalk]], [[pastel]]s, sindry kinds o [[erasers]], [[Merker pen|merkers]], [[stylus]]es, sindry metals (such as [[sillerpynt]]), an electronic drawin.

'''Huangjiang''' ([[wikt:黄|黄]][[wikt:江|江]]) is a [[Toun (Cheenae)|toun]] unner the jurisdiction o [[Dongguan]] [[prefectur-level ceety]] in [[Guangdong]] province, soothren [[Cheenae]].

'''Rui Naiwei''' (芮迺偉) is a [[Cheenese]] [[perfaision]]al [[Go]] player active in [[Sooth Korea]]. She is ane o the strangest [[female]] Go player<ref>She wis the first female player tae be promotit tae 9 dan.</ref>, an is the anly [[weemen]] tae hae won ane o the major open Go titles<ref>Major open Go titles are titles that both male and female players can attend.</ref>.
==Achievements==
{|  class="wikitable"
!Title || Years Held<ref>[https://senseis.xmp.net/?RuiNaiwei Rui Naiwei at Sensei's Library]</ref><ref>[https://gobase.org/information/players/?pp=Rui%20Naiwei Rui Naiwei at GoBase]</ref>
|-
| align="center" | '''Domestic'''
| align="center" | '''17'''
|-
| {{flagicon|South Korea}} Guksu
|  1999
|-
| {{flagicon|South Korea}}  Maxim Cup
|  2004
|-
| {{flagicon|South Korea}}  Weemen's Myungin
|  2000–2002, 2004–2007
|-
| {{flagicon|South Korea}}  Weemen's Guksu
|  2000–2002, 2006, 2007
|-
| {{flagicon|South Korea}}  Weemen's Kisung
| 2006
|-
| {{flagicon|China}}  Naitional Weemen's Individual
|  1986–1989
|-
| align="center" | '''Global'''
| align="center" | '''7'''
|-
|  {{flagicon|South Korea}}  {{flagicon|China}}  {{flagicon|Japan}} Jeongganjang Cup
|  2003
|-
|  {{flagicon|South Korea}}  {{flagicon|China}}  {{flagicon|Japan}} Hungchang Cup
|  2000, 2001
|-
|  {{flagicon|South Korea}}  {{flagicon|China}}  {{flagicon|Japan}} Eastern Airlines Cup
|  2000
|-
|  {{flagicon|South Korea}}  {{flagicon|China}}  {{flagicon|Japan}} Bohae Cup
|  1994, 1996, 1997
|}

''This airticle is tae dae wi a kin of breid rowe. For the dairy product, see [[butter]].''

{{speciesbox
 | name                = Emperor penguin
 | status              = NT
 | status_system       = IUCN3.1
 | status_ref          = <ref name=IUCN>{{IUCN|id=22697752 |title=''Aptenodytes forsteri'' |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}</ref>
 | image               = Aptenodytes forsteri -Snow Hill Island, Antarctica -adults and juvenile-8.jpg
 | image_caption       = Adults wi a chick on [[Snow Hill Island]], [[Antarctic Peninsula]]
 | genus               = Aptenodytes
 | species             = forsteri
 | authority           = [[George Robert Gray|Gray]], 1844
 | range_map           = Manchot empereur carte reparition.png
 | range_map_caption   = Emperor penguin range <br />(breedin colonies in green)
}}
The '''Emperor penguin''' (''Aptenodytes forsteri'') is the heichest an hiviest o aw livin [[penguin]] species an is [[Endemism in birds|endemic]] tae [[Antarcticae]]. The male an female is seimilar in [[plumage]] an size, reachin {{convert|122|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} in heicht an weichin onywhere frae {{convert|22|to|45|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. The dorsal side <!-- aspect? --> an heid is black an sharply delineatit frae the white belly, pale-yellae breast an bricht-yellae ear patches. Like aw penguins it is flichtless, wi a streamlined body, an wings stiffened an flattened intae flippers for a marine [[habitat]].

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=250 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big>''Găgăuzia''<br/>''Gagauz Yeri''<br/>''Гагаузия''
</span></big>
|-
| align="center" colspan=2 |
{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="padding-top: 0.5em;"
|-
| align="center" width="132px" | 
| align="center" width="118px" | 
|-
| align="center" width="132px" | <small>([[Banner o Gagauzie|Banner]])</small>
| align="center" width="118px" | <small>([[Naitional Seembol o Gagauzie|Seal]])</small>
|}
|-
| align="center" colspan=2 | 
|-
| '''[[Caipital ceety|Caipital]]''' (an lairgest ceety)
| [[Comrat]]
|-
| '''Offeecial leid'''
| [[Gagauz leid|Gagauz]], [[Romanian leid|Romanian]], [[Roushie leid|Roushie]]
|-
| '''[[Govrenment]]'''&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;- Govrenor<br />&nbsp;-&nbsp; Chairman o the Fowkassembly
| [[Pairlamentary seestem]] <br />[[Mihail Formuzal]] <br />[[Ana Harlamenco]] &nbsp;
|-
| '''[[Aurie]]'''<br />&nbsp;- Tot
| <br />1,832 km2 [[square kilometre|km&sup2;]]<br>707 sq mi 
|-
| '''[[Population]]'''<br />&nbsp;- 2010 Estimate 
| &nbsp; <br />160,700
|-
| '''Foondin''' <br />&nbsp;- Creatit 
| 23 December 1994
|-
| '''[[Siller]]'''
| [[Moldovan leu]] (MDL)
|-
| '''[[Time zone]]'''
| [[Eastren European Time|UTC +2]], [[Eastren European Simmer Time|Simmer: UTC +3]]
|-
| '''[[Naitional anthem]]'''
| ''Tarafim'' 
|-
|}

'''Friday''' is the [[day]] o the [[week]] atween [[Fuirsday]] an [[Setturday]]. Its name comes fae the goddess Frige o Germanic mythologie.

|common_languages       = [[Malay leid|Malay]]
|government_type        = Monarchy
|title_leader          = [[Sultan o Johor|Sultan]]
|leader1             = [[Alauddin Riayat Shah II o Johor|Alauddin Riayat Shah II]] <small>(first)</small>
|year_leader1        = 1528-1564
|leader2             = [[Ali Iskandar o Johor|Ali Iskandar]] <small>(last)</small>
|year_leader2        = 1835–1855
|title_deputy          = [[Bendahara]]
|deputy1             = Tun Khoja Ahmad <small>(first)</small>
|year_deputy1        = 1513-1520
|deputy2             = [[Tun Ali o Pahang|Tun Ali]] <small>(last)</small>
|year_deputy2        = 1806–1857
|currency               = [[Tin ingot]], native gowd an siller cunyies
|today                  = {{flag|Malaysie}}<br />{{flag|Singapore}}<br />{{flag|Indonesie}}
}}
The '''Sultanate o Johor''' (or sometimes '''Johor-Riau''' or '''Johor-Riau-Lingga''' or '''Johor Empire''') wis foondit bi [[Sultanate o Malacca|Malaccan]] Sultan Mahmud Shah's son, Sultan [[Alauddin Riayat Shah II of Johor|Alauddin Riayat Shah II]] in 1528.<ref>[http://www.royalark.net/Malaysia/malacca4.htm Christopher Buyers&nbsp;– The Ruling House of Malacca-Johor]</ref>

{{taxobox
|name = Dentylion
|image = DandelionFlower.jpg
|image2 = TaraxacumOfficinaleSeed.JPG
|image2_caption = A dandelion flouer heid componed o hundreds o smawer florets (tap) an seed heid (bottom)
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
|ordo = [[Asterales]]
|familia = [[Asteraceae]]
|tribus = [[Cichorieae]]
|genus = '''''Taraxacum'''''
|genus_authority = [[Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini|Cass.]]
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = See text
}}
'''''Taraxacum''''' {{IPAc-en|t|ə|ˈ|r|æ|k|s|ə|k|ʉ|m}} is a lairge genus o [[flouerin plant]]s in the faimily [[Asteraceae]]. Thay are native tae Eurasie an North an Sooth Americae, an twa species, ''[[Taraxacum officinale|T. officinale]]'' an ''[[Taraxacum erythrospermum|T. erythrospermum]]'', are foond as [[weed]]s warldwide.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=132314  | title = ''Taraxacum'' | work = [[Flora of North America]] }}</ref> Baith species are edible in thair entirety.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.motherearthnews.com/Real-Food/2008-04-01/Dandelion-Recipes.aspx?page=2 | title = Wild About Dandelions | work = Mother Earth News | access-date = 2013-07-05 | archive-date = 2012-12-13 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121213173255/http://www.motherearthnews.com/Real-Food/2008-04-01/Dandelion-Recipes.aspx?page=2 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The common name '''dentyion''' is gien tae members o the [[genus]], an like ither members o the Asteraceae faimily, thay hae very smaa flouers collectit thegither intae a composite [[Heid (botany)|flouer heid]]. Each single flouer in a heid is cried a floret. Mony ''Taraxacum'' species produce seeds [[asexual reproduction|asexually]] bi [[apomixis]], whaur the seeds are produced wioot [[pollination]], resultin in affspring that are genetically identical tae the parent plant.

{{Other uses}}

, {{mp|2007 FK|34}}, {{mp|1997 RO|4}}
| orbit_ref          = 
| epoch              = [[Julian day|JD]] 2456400.5 {{nowrap|(April 18, 2013)}}
| aphelion           = {{convert|2.7304718|AU|km|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| perihelion         = {{convert|2.0353200|AU|km|abbr=on}}
| semimajor          = {{convert|2.3828959|AU|km|abbr=on}}
| eccentricity       = 0.1458628
| period             = 1343.5568 [[day]]s<br />3.68&nbsp;[[julian year (astronomy)|years]]
| avg_speed          = 
| inclination        = 6.72984°
| asc_node           = 183.49232°
| mean_anomaly       = 105.33152°
| arg_peri           = 139.63634°
| dimensions         = 1–2 km (mean diameter)
| mass               = 
| density            = 
| surface_grav       = 
| escape_velocity    = 
| sidereal_day       = 
| axial_tilt         = 
| albedo             = 
| abs_magnitude      = 16.9
}}

'''Crottle''' is a symbiotic jynin o a fungus (the mycobiont) thegither wi a photaesynthetic pairtner (the photaebiont), thit is aither an [[algae]] or [[cyanobacteria]] that maks fuid fer the mycobiont frae sunlicht whiles the photaebiont is protectit bi the filaments o the crottle.

(Wi Him on the munt)<br>{{lang|la|''In nomine Domini''}} (In the name o the Lord)
|birth_name       = Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini
|term_start       = 21 Juin 1963
|term_end         = 6 August 1978
|predecessor      = [[Pape John XXIII|John XXIII]]
|successor        = [[Pape John Paul I|John Paul I]]
|ordination       = 29 Mey 1920
|ordained_by      = [[Giacinto Gaggia]]
|consecration     = 12 December 1954
|consecrated_by   = [[Eugène Tisserant]]
|cardinal         = 15 December 1958
|created_cardinal_by = [[Pape John XXIII|John XXIII]]
|rank                =
|birth_date          = {{birth date|df =yes|1897|9|26}}
|birth_place         = [[Concesio]], [[Brescia]], [[Kinrick o Italy (1861–1946)|Kinrick o Italy]]
|death_date          = {{death date and age|df =yes|1978|8|6|1897|9|26}}
|death_place         = [[Castel Gandolfo]], Italy
|other               = Paul
|previous_post       = {{unbulleted list|[[Secretariat o State (Holy See)|Substitute for General Affairs]] (1937-1953)|[[Airchbishop o Milan]] (1954–1963)|[[San Martino ai Monti|Cardinal-Priest o Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti]] (1958–63)}}
<!---------- Sainthood ---------->
| feast_day        = 
| venerated        = 
| saint_title      = Venerable
| beatified_date   = 
| beatified_place  = 
| beatified_by     = 
| canonized_date   = 
| canonized_place  = 
| canonized_by     = 
| attributes       = 
| patronage        = 
| shrine           = 
| suppressed_date  = 
}}
'''Pape Paul VI''' ({{lang-la|Paulus VI}}), born '''Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini'''  (26 September 1897 – 6 August 1978), wis the [[Pape|heid]] o the [[Roman Catholic Kirk]] frae 21 Juin 1963 tae his daith in 1978.  Succeedin [[Pape John XXIII]], he continued the [[Seicont Vatican Cooncil]] which he closed in late 1965, an fostered improved ecumenical relations wi [[Eastren Orthodox Christianity|Orthodox]] an [[Protestant kirks|Protestants]], which resultit in mony historic meetins an agreements.

]]
 | popestdate = {{English statistics year}}
 | pop = {{English cerem counties|POP=Northamptonshire}}
 | density_km2 = {{English cerem counties|DEN=Northamptonshire}}
 | adminpoprank = [[Leet o nan-metropolitan coonties o Ingland bi population|Rankit {{English admin counties|RNK=Northamptonshire}}]]
 | ethnicity = 95.1% White<br />2.0% Sooth Asie<br />1.2% Black Breetish.
 | council = <br />Northamptonshire County Council<br />http://www.northamptonshire.gov.uk/
 | exec = {{English county control|CTY=Northamptonshire}}
 | mps = * [[Brian Binley]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]]
* [[Peter Bone]] [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|(C)]]
* [[Michael Ellis (Breetish politeecian)|Michael Ellis]] [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|(C)]]
* [[Chris Heaton-Harris]] [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|(C)]]
* [[Philip Hollobone]] [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|(C)]]
* [[Andrea Leadsom]] [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|(C)]]
* [[Louise Mensch]] [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|(C)]]

]]
 | popestdate = {{English statistics year}}
 | pop = {{English cerem counties|POP=Leicestershire}}
 | density_km2 = {{English cerem counties|DEN=Leicestershire}}
 | adminpoprank = [[List of non-metropolitan counties of England by population|Ranked {{English admin counties|RNK=Leicestershire}}]]
 | adminpop = {{English admin counties|POP=Leicestershire}}
 | ethnicity = 85.0% White<br>11.9% S.Asian<br>1.2% Black British<br>1.5% Mixed Race
 | council =[[Image:Leicsarms.PNG|200px|Arms of Leicestershire County Council]] <br /> [[Leicestershire County Council]]<br />http://www.leics.gov.uk/
 | exec = {{English county control|CTY=Leicestershire}}
 | mps = * [[Stephen Dorrell]] [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|(C)]]
* [[Alan Duncan]] [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|(C)]]
* [[Edward Garnier]] [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|(C)]]
* [[Liz Kendall]] [[Labour Pairty (UK)|(L)]]
* [[Nicky Morgan (politeecian)|Nicky Morgan]] [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|(C)]]
* [[Andrew Robathan]] [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|(C)]]
* [[Jon Ashworth]] [[Labour Pairty (UK)|(L)]]
*[[Andrew Bridgen]] [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|(C)]]
* [[David Tredinnick (politeecian)|David Tredinnick]] [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|(C)]]
* [[Keith Vaz]] [[Labour Pairty (UK)|(L)]]
 | subdivmap = [[Image:Leicestershire Ceremonial Numbered.png|200 x 208px]]
 | subdivs = #[[Borough of Charnwood|Charnwood]]
#[[Borough o Melton|Melton]]
#[[Harborough]]
#[[Oadby an Wigston]]
#[[Blaby Destrict|Blaby]]
#[[Hinckley an Bosworth]]
#[[North Wast Leicestershire]]
#[[Leicester]] (Unitary)
}}
'''Leicestershire''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-leicestershire.ogg|ˈ|l|ɛ|s|t|ə|ʃ|ɪər}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ɛ|s|t|ər|ʃ|ər}}; abbreviation '''Leics.''') is a landlockit [[Coonties o Ingland|coonty]] in the [[Ingland|Inglis]] [[Midlands (Ingland)|Midlands]].  It takes its name frae the [[Leicester|Ceety o Leicester]], traditionally its admeenistrative centre, although the Ceety o Leicester [[unitary authority]] is the day admeenistered separately frae the rest o Leicestershire. The coonty borders [[Derbyshire]] tae the north-wast, [[Nottinghamshire]] tae the north, [[Rutland]] tae the east, [[Warwickshire]] tae the sooth-wast, [[Staffordshire]] tae the wast, [[Lincolnshire]] tae the north-east, an [[Northamptonshire]] tae the sooth-east. The border wi Warwickshire is [[Watling Street]] (the [[A5 road (Great Breetain)|A5]]).

'''Continental climates''' are defined in the [[Köppen climate clessification]] as haein a cauldest month mean temperature ablo -3&nbsp;°C (26.6&nbsp;°F), or 0&nbsp;°C (32&nbsp;°F), dependin on the isotherm that is uised for the cauldest month, an for the fower month abuin 10&nbsp;°C.

In its maist general form, a '''nipple''' is a [[structur]] frae which a fluid emanates.  Mair specifically, it is the projection on the [[breast]]s or [[edder (organ)|edder]] o a mammal bi which, in females, [[breast milk]] is delivere tae a mither's young.

{{fixscots|date=Mairch 2021}}

{{US state
|Name = Oklahoma
|Fullname = State o Oklahoma
|Flag     = Flag of Oklahoma.svg
|Flaglink = [[Banner o Oklahoma|Banner]]
|Seal = Seal of Oklahoma.svg
|Seallink = [[Great Seal o Oklahoma|Seal]] 
|Former   = [[Oklahoma Territory]]/[[Indian territory]]
|Map = Oklahoma in United States.svg
|Nickname = Suiner State; Laund o the Reid Man; Native Americae
|Motto = [[Labor omnia vincit]] ([[Laitin leid|Laitin]]: Wirk conquers aw)
|Capital = [[Oklahoma City]]
|OfficialLang = Inglis
<small>([[Cherokee leid|Cherokee]] offeecial within [[Cherokee Naition]] an [[Unitit Keetoowah Baund o Cherokee Indians|UKB]])<ref name=official>{{cite web |url=http://keetoowahcherokee.org/documents/GaduwaCherokeeNews/2009-04%20April.pdf |title=Keetoowah Cherokee is the Official Language of the UKB |date=April 2009 |publisher=Keetoowah Cherokee News: Official Publication of the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma |accessdate=June 1, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715002414/http://keetoowahcherokee.org/documents/GaduwaCherokeeNews/2009-04%20April.pdf |archivedate=July 15, 2014 |df=mdy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715002414/http://keetoowahcherokee.org/documents/GaduwaCherokeeNews/2009-04%20April.pdf |date=2014-07-15 }}</ref><ref name=constitution>{{cite web|url=http://www.keetkopoowahcherokee.org/documents/dikahnawadvsdi_ditsaleg.pdf|title=UKB Constitution and By-Laws in the Keetoowah Cherokee Language (PDF)|publisher=United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians|accessdate=June 2, 2014}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=CARLA>{{cite web
| title = The Cherokee Nation & its Language
| work = University of Minnesota: Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition
| date = 2008
| accessdate = May 22, 2014
| url = http://www.carla.umn.edu/conferences/past/immersion2008/documents/Peter_L_CherokeeNation.pdf
| archive-date = 2014-07-14
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140714131213/http://www.carla.umn.edu/conferences/past/immersion2008/documents/Peter_L_CherokeeNation.pdf
| url-status = dead
}}</ref></small>
|Demonym = Oklahoman; Okie ([[colloquialism|colloq.]])
|LargestCity = caipital
|LargestMetro = Oklahoma Ceety-Shawnee
|Governor = [[Mary Fallin]] (R)
|Lieutenant Governor = [[Todd Lamb (politeecian)|Todd Lamb]] (R)
|Legislature = [[Oklahoma Legislature]]
|Upperhouse = [[Oklahoma Senate|Senate]]
|Lowerhouse = [[Oklahoma Hoose o Representatives|Hoose o Representatives]]
|Senators = [[Jim Inhofe]] (R)<br />[[James Lankford]] (R)
|Representative = 5 Republicans
|PostalAbbreviation = OK
|AreaRank = 20t
|TotalAreaUS = 69,897
|TotalArea = 181,295
|LandAreaUS = 68,667
|LandArea = 178,023
|WaterAreaUS = 1,231
|WaterArea = 3,173
|PCWater = 1.8
|Total GDP = $134,651,100
|Total GDP Rank = 29t
|Per capita GDP = $34,243
|Per Capita GDP Rank = 42nt
|PopRank = 28th
|2010Pop = 3,923,561 (2016 est)<ref name="QF">{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/40|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=December 20, 2016}}</ref>
|DensityRank = 35th
|2000DensityUS = 55.2
|2000Density = 21.3
|MedianHouseholdPopulation=$47,077<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/median-annual-income/?currentTimeframe=0|work=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|title=Median Annual Household Income|accessdate=December 9, 2016}}</ref>
|IncomeRank=43rd
|AdmittanceOrder = 46th
|AdmittanceDate = November 16, 1907
|TimeZone = [[Central Time Zone (North Americae)|Central]]: [[Coordinatit Universal Time|UTC]] [[Central Staundart Time|-6]]/[[Central Daylicht Time|-5]]
|TZ1Where = aw o the state (legally)
|TimeZone2 = [[Moontain Time Zone|Mountain]]: [[Coordinatit Universal Time|UTC]] [[Moontain Standard Time|-7]]/[[Moontain Daylicht Time|-6]]
|TZ2Where = [[Kenton, Oklahoma|Kenton]] (informally)
|Latitude = 33°37' N tae 37° N
|Longitude = 94° 26' W tae 103° W
|WidthUS = 230
|Width = 450
|LengthUS = 465
|Length = 750
|HighestPoint = [[Black Mesa (Oklahoma)|Black Mesa]]<ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |title=Elevations and Distances in the United States |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |year=2001 |accessdate=October 24, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |archivedate=October 15, 2011 }}</ref><ref name=NAVD88>Elevation adjuistit tae [[North American Vertical Datum o 1988]].</ref>
|HighestElevUS = 4,975
|HighestElev = 1516
|MeanElevUS = 1,300
|MeanElev = 400
|LowestPoint = [[Little River (Red River)|Little River]] at {{nobreak|[[Arkansas]] border}}<ref name=USGS/><ref name=NAVD88/>
|LowestElevUS = 289
|LowestElev = 88
|ISOCode = US-OK
|TradAbbreviation = Okla.
|Website = www.ok.gov
}}
'''Oklahoma''' is a state in the [[Unitit States o Americae]]. The caipital is [[Oklahoma Ceety]]. The name ''Oklahoma'' comes frae the [[Choctaw]] wirds ''okla'' an ''humma'' (reid fowk).It is borderit bi the state o [[Texas]] on the south an west, [[Kansas]] on the north, [[Missouri]] on the northeast, [[Arkansas]] on the east, New Mexico on the west, an [[Colorado]] on the northwest. It is the [[List o u.s. states an territories bi area|20th most extensive]] an the [[List o states an territories o the unitit states bi population|28th most populous]] o the 50 unitit states. [[Oklahoma territory]] an [[indian territory]] were mergit intae the state o oklahoma whan it became the 46th state tae enter the union on november 16, 1907. Its residents are known as oklahomans ( or colloquially , [[Okie|"okies"]]), an its capital an largest city is [[Oklahoma City|oklahoma city]].
 stop sign i english an the [[cherokee syllabary]], [[tahlequah, oklahoma]]]]

instead -->
| type                    = [[Depairtments o Fraunce|Depairtment]]
| image_skyline           = Châteauroux - Préfecture - 1.jpg
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = [[Prefecturs in Fraunce|Prefectur]] biggin o the Indre depairtment, in Châteauroux
| image_flag              = 
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Blason_département_fr_Indre.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Indre-Position.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location o Indre in Fraunce
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|46|46|N|1|36|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd_scale:1000000|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = Fraunce
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions o France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Centre-Val de Loire]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = [[Prefecturs in Fraunce|Prefectur]]
| seat                    = [[Châteauroux]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefecturs in Fraunce|Subprefecturs]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Le Blanc]]<br>[[La Châtre]]<br>[[Issoudun]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = [[Preses o the general cooncil]]
| leader_name             = [[Louis Pinton]]
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude          = 
| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 6791
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_max_m         = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = 231139
| population_as_of        = 1999
| population_rank         = [[Leet o French depairtments bi population|81st]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Depairtments o Fraunce|Depairtment nummer]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 36
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements o Fraunce|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[arrondissements o the Indre depairtment|4]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in Fraunce|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[cantons o the Indre depairtment|13]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in Fraunce|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[communes o the Indre depairtment|247]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = 
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude [[estuary|estuaries]], an lochs, ponds, an glaciers lairger nor 1 km<sup>2</sup>
}}
'''Indre''' ({{IPA-fr|ɛ̃dʁ}}) is a [[depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment]] in the centre o Fraunce namit efter the river [[Indre (river)|Indre]].

| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships o Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Greater Poland Voivodeship|name=Greater Poland}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = ''ceety coonty''
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Krystian Kinastowski
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 9t century
| established_title3 = Toun richts
| established_date3 = efter 1253
| area_total_km2 = 69.42
| population_as_of = 2014
| population_total = 103738
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates = {{coord|51|45|27|N|18|4|48|E|region:PL|display=inline}}
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 62-800 to 62-821
| area_code = +48 062
| blank_name = [[Vehicle registration plates o Poland|Caur plates]]
| blank_info = PK
| website = http://www.kalisz.pl
}}
'''Kalisz''' {{IPAc-pl|AUD|Pl-Kalisz.ogg|'|k|a|l|J|i|sz}} is a [[ceety]] in central [[Poland]] wi 103,738 indwallers (Juin 2014), the [[caipital ceety]] o the [[Kalisz Region]].

|birth_place      = [[Lincoln, Ingland|Lincoln]], [[Lincolnshire]], Ingland
|death_date       = {{death date and age|1864|12|08|1815|11|02|df=y}}
|death_place      = [[Ballintemple, Cork|Ballintemple]], [[Cork (city)|Cork]], Ireland
|nationality      = Breetish
|education        = Bainbridge's Commercial Academy<ref name=MacTutor>{{MacTutor Biography|id=Boole}}</ref>
|institutions     = [[Lincoln, Ingland|Lincoln]] [[Mechanics Institute|Mechanics' Institution]]<ref name=Hill149>Hill, p. 149; [https://books.google.com/books?id=-A89AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA149 Google Books].</ref><br />[[Queen's College, Cork]]
|school_tradition = Mathematical foondations o [[computin]]
|main_interests   = Mathematics, [[Logic]], [[Filosofie o mathematics]]
|religion         = [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]]
|influences       = [[Aristotle]], [[Baruch Spinoza|Spinoza]], [[Isaac Newton|Newton]]
|influenced       = Modren computer scientists, [[William Stanley Jevons|Jevons]], [[Augustus De Morgan|De Morgan]], [[John Maynard Keynes|Keynes]], [[Charles Sanders Peirce|Peirce]], [[William Ernest Johnson|Johnson]], [[Claude Shannon|Shannon]], [[Victor Shestakov|Shestakov]]
|notable_ideas    = [[Boolean algebra]]
}}
'''George Boole''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|uː|l}}; 2 November 1815&nbsp;– 8 December 1864) wis an Inglis [[mathematics|mathematician]], eddicator, [[filosofie|filosofer]] an [[logic]]ian. He wirked in the fields o [[differential equation]]s an [[algebraic logic]], an is best kent as the author o ''[[The Laws of Thought]]'' (1854) which conteens [[Boolean algebra]]. Boolean logic is creditit wi laying the foondations for the [[information age]].<ref name="Commemoration">{{cite news|title=Who is George Boole: the mathematician behind the Google doodle|url=http://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/who-is-george-boole-the-mathematician-behind-the-google-doodle-20151102-gkofyg.html#ixzz3qIcv6ii2|publisher=Sydney Morning Herald|date=2 November 2015}}</ref>

On 26 September 2014, Iguala wis the steid o a brutal mass murther that drew internaitional attention, when the Iguala municipal polis attackit a group o students frae the Ayotzinapa Normal Schuil. Sax fowk, includin fower students an twa passersbi, wur killed when the polis opened fire on buses conteenin the students, an anither bus carryin a local soccer team. 43 ither students wur taken awa bi polis, who denied haein thaim in custody. Ane student's bouk wis foond that day, tortured an wi heid flayed an his een gougit oot.<ref>http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2014/10/02/politica/011n1pol</ref> A mass grave, believit tae conteen the charred bouks o 28 o the students, wis discovered near Iguala on 5 October.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/ultimas/2014/10/06/gendarmeria-y-ejercito-controlan-seguridad-en-iguala-anuncia-rubido-8035.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-23 |archive-date=2014-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028083007/http://www.jornada.unam.mx/ultimas/2014/10/06/gendarmeria-y-ejercito-controlan-seguridad-en-iguala-anuncia-rubido-8035.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Thay haed been tortured an, accordin tae reports, burned alive.<ref>http://www.elmundo.es/internacional/2014/10/05/543195e6e2704e065f8b4578.html</ref> 22 polis officers, said tae be actin in concert wi the Guerreros Unidos creeminal gang, wur arrestit for the murthers. Aicht ither cairtel members wur arrestit an aw. The mayor o Iguala, Jose Luis Abarca, haed been accuised o direct pairticipation in earlier tortur murthers o activists.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sinembargo.mx/opinion/06-10-2014/27853 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-11-04 |archive-date=2014-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007091315/http://www.sinembargo.mx/opinion/06-10-2014/27853 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He an some associates fled the aurie an wur declared fugitives. The Guerreros Unidos left a banner demandin the release o the 22 polis officers or thay wad release the names o fowk who wirkit wi thaim,<ref>http://www.borderlandbeat.com/2014/10/guerreros-unidos-narco-banners-appear.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021061417/http://www.borderlandbeat.com/2014/10/guerreros-unidos-narco-banners-appear.html |date=2014-10-21 }}</ref> an protesters demandin juistice for the victims mairched in different ceeties.<ref>http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/05/mass-grave-found-mexican-town-43-students-missing</ref>

'', stairtin wi [[Bulbasaur]] in the tap left corner an endin wi [[Mewtwo]] in the bottom richt corner.]]
{{nihongo|'''Pokémon'''|ポケモン|Pokemon|extra={{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|oʊ|k|eɪ|m|ɒ|n}} {{respell|POH|kay-mon}}<ref>{{cite web |title=The ABC Book, A Pronunciation Guide |url=http://www.loc.gov/nls/other/ABC.html |work=NLS Other Writings |publisher=NLS/BPH |access-date=10 August 2013 |date=7 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="ssbbrawl">{{cite video game |title=[[Super Smash Bros. Brawl]] |developer=[[Sora Ltd.]] |publisher=[[Nintendo]] |date=March 9, 2008 |platform=Wii |quote=(Announcer's dialog after the character Pokémon Trainer is selected ([[voice acting|voice acted]]))}}</ref>}} is a [[media franchise]] publish an awnt bi Japanese [[video gemme]] company [[Nintendo]]. Creatit in 1995 bi [[Satoshi Tajiri]], it is set aroon a plump o fictional  beast.{{Citation needed}}

{{fixscots}}
{{taxobox
|image = Eucalyptus tereticornis flowers, capsules, buds and foliage.jpeg
|image_caption = Buds, capsules, flouers an foliage o ''[[Eucalyptus tereticornis|E. tereticornis]]''
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
|ordo = [[Myrtales]]
|familia = [[Myrtaceae]]
|subfamilia = [[Myrtoideae]]
|tribus = [[Eucalypteae]]
|genus = '''''Eucalyptus'''''
|genus_authority = [[Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle|L'Hér.]]
| type_species = ''[[Eucalyptus obliqua]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle|L'Hér. 1789]]
| diversity = about 700 species
| diversity_link = Leet o Eucalyptus species
| synonyms = ''Aromadendron'' <small>Andrews ex Steud.</small><br/>
''Eucalypton'' <small>St.-Lag.</small><br/>
''Eudesmia'' <small>R.Br.</small><br/>
''Symphyomyrtus'' <small>Schauer</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?4477 |title=''Eucalyptus'' L'Hér. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2009-01-27 |accessdate=2010-02-28 |archive-date=2010-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529233150/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?4477 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| range_map = Distribution.eucalyptus.png
| range_map_caption = Naitural range
}}
'''''Eucalyptus''''' is a diverse [[genus]] o [[Flouerin plant|flouerin]] [[tree]]s an shrubs (includin a distinct group wi a multiple-stem [[Mallee (habit)|mallee]] growth habit) in the [[Myrtus|myrtle]] faimily, [[Myrtaceae]]. Members o the genus dominate the tree flora o [[Australie]], an include the tawest kent flowering plant on Yird. Thare are mair nor 700 species o eucalyptus an maist are native tae Australie; a very smaw nummer are foond in adjacent auries o [[New Guinea]] an [[Indonesie]].

'''Absolute monarchy''' is a monarchical form o govrenment in which the [[monarch]] haes absolute pouer amang his or her fowk.

{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Turtles
| image = Chelonia mydas is going for the air.jpg
| image_caption = Green sea turtle (''Chelonia mydas'')
| fossil_range = <br />[[Late Jurassic]] – [[Holocene|Present]],<ref name=Joyce2007>{{Harvnb|Joyce|2007}}</ref> {{Fossil range|157|0}}
| taxon = Testudines
| authority = [[Batsch]], 1788&nbsp;<ref>{{ITIS |id=948936 |taxon=Testudines}}</ref>
| range_map = World.distribution.testudines.1.png
| range_map_caption = blue: sea turtles, black: land turtles
| diversity_link = Leet o Testudines faimilies
| diversity = 14 extant families wi ca. 300 species
| subdivision_ranks = Subgroups<ref name=Joyce2007>{{Harvnb|Joyce|2007}}</ref>
| subdivision =
[[Cryptodira]]<br />
[[Pleurodira]]<br />an see [[#Seestematics an evolution|text]]
}}
'''Turtles''' are [[reptile]]s o the [[Order (biology)|order]] '''Testudines''' (or '''Chelonii'''<ref name="Dubois">{{Harvnb|Dubois|Bour|2010}}</ref>) chairacterised bi a special [[bane|banir]] or [[cartilage|cartilaginous]] [[ainimal shell|shell]] developed frae thair [[rib]]s an actin as a [[shield]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Hutchinson|1996}}</ref>

|birth_place      = [[Como]], [[Duchy o Milan]]
|death_date       = {{death date and age|df=yes|1689|8|12|1611|5|16}}
|death_place      = [[Roum]], [[Papal State]]
|other            = Innocent
|beatified_date   = 7 October 1956
|feast_day        = 12 August
|venerated        =
|saint_title      =
|beatified_place  =
|beatified_by     = [[Pape Pius XII]]
}}

[[Image:Oranges and orange juice.jpg|140px|right|thumb|Oranger juice]]

{{wiktionary|Portuguese}}
'''Portuguese''' mey refer tae:
* onything o, frae, or relatit tae the kintra an naition o [[Portugal]]
** [[Portuguese cuisine]], tradeetional fuids
** [[Portuguese leid]], a Romance leid
*** [[Portuguese dialects]], variants o the Portuguese leid
** [[Portuguese man o' war]], a dangerous marine cnidarian that resembles an 18t hunderyear airmit sailin ship
** Portuguese meethologie (also [[Lusitanian meethologie|Lusitanian]]), tradeetional releegion
** [[Portuguese fowk]], a ethnic group

{{fixscots|date=Januar 2021}}

{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477003658
| ImageFile1= Sulfuric-acid-2D-dimensions.svg
| ImageAlt1 = S=O bond length = 142.2 pm, <br>S-O bond length = 157.4 pm, <br>O-H bond length = 97 pm
| ImageSize1 = 180
| ImageFileL1 = Sulfuric-acid-Givan-et-al-1999-3D-vdW.png
| ImageCaptionL1 = Space-fillin model
| ImageFileR1 = Sulfuric-acid-Givan-et-al-1999-3D-balls.png
| ImageCaptionR1 = Ball-an-stick model
| ImageFile4 = Sulphuric acid 96 percent extra pure.jpg
| IUPACName = Sulfuric acid
| OtherNames = Ile o vitriol
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 1086
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = O40UQP6WCF
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D05963
| InChI = 1/H2O4S/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H2,1,2,3,4)
| InChIKey = QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYAC
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 26836
| SMILES = OS(=O)(=O)O
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 572964
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/H2O4S/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H2,1,2,3,4)
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo = 7664-93-9
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| RTECS = WS5600000
| EINECS = 231-639-5
| UNNumber = 1830
 }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = {{chem|H|2|S|O|4}}
| MolarMass = 98.079 g/mol
| Appearance = Clear, colourless, odorless liquid
| Density = 1.84 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, liquid
| Solubility = miscible
| MeltingPtC = 10
| BoilingPtC = 337
| Boiling_notes = When sulfuric acid is abuin {{convert|300|C|F}}, it will decompose slowly
| Viscosity = 26.7 [[Poise|cP]] (20&nbsp;°C)
| pKa = −3, 1.99
 }}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
|   DeltaHf = −814&nbsp;kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup><ref name=b1>{{cite book| author = Zumdahl, Steven S.|title =Chemical Principles 6th Ed.| url = https://archive.org/details/chemicalprincipl0000zumd_u9g0| publisher = Houghton Mifflin Company| year = 2009| isbn = 0-618-94690-X|page=A23}}</ref>
|   Entropy = 157&nbsp;J·mol<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup><ref name=b1/>
 }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalMSDS = [http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc03/icsc0362.htm ICSC 0362]
| EUIndex = 016-020-00-8
| FlashPt = Non-flammable
| EUClass = {{Hazchem C}}{{Hazchem N}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msdsauthoring.com/sulfuric_acid_nugentec_ghs_msds.pdf|title=NuGenTec Material Safety Datasheet-Sulfuric acid|access-date=2014-09-11|archive-date=2013-02-15|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6ES1vVfc7?url=http://www.msdsauthoring.com/sulfuric_acid_nugentec_ghs_msds.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_lang=en&p_card_id=0362|title=Sulfuric acid IPCS|quote=The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms.(ENVIRONMENTAL DATA)}}</ref>
| NFPA-H = 3
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 2
| NFPA-S = W
| RPhrases = {{R35}}
| SPhrases = {{S1/2}} {{S26}} {{S30}} {{S45}}
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS corrosion}}
| GHSSignalWord = '''Danger'''
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|314}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|260|264|280|301+330+331|303+361+353|363|304+340|305+351+338|310|321|310|405|501}}
| LD50 = 2140 mg/kg (oral, rat), [[Median lethal concentration|LC<sub>50</sub>]] = 25 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (inhalation, rat)
| TLV-TWA = 1 mg/m<sup>3</sup>
| TLV-STEL = 2 mg/m<sup>3</sup>
| TLV = 15 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (IDLH)
 }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| Function = [[strong acid]]s
| OtherFunctn = [[Selenic acid]]<br />[[Hydrochloric acid]]<br />[[Nitric acid]]<br />[[Chromic acid]]
| OtherCpds = [[Sulphurous acid]]<br />[[Peroxymonosulphuric acid]]<br />[[Sulphur trioxide]]<br />[[Oleum]]
 }}
}}
'''Sulphuric acid''' ([[Sulphur#Spellin an etymology|alternative spellin]] '''sulfuric acid''') is a heichly [[corrosive]] [[strang acid|strang]] [[mineral acid]] wi the [[molecular formula]] [[Hydrogen|H<sub>2</sub>]][[sulphate|SO<sub>4</sub>]].

<small>''(Jalisco is Mexico)''</small>
| image_skyline           =
| imagesize               =
| image_caption           =
| anthem                  =
| image_map               = Jalisco en México.svg
| map_caption             = Jalisco athin Mexico
| coordinates             = {{coord|20|34|00|N|103|40|35|W|region:MX-JAL_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Mexico]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Caipital Ceety|Caipital]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Guadalajara, Jalisco|Guadalajara]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Leet o ceeties in Mexico|Lairgest&nbsp;Ceety]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Guadalajara, Jalisco|Guadalajara]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Municipalities o Mexico|Municipalities]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[Municipalities o Jalisco|125]]
| established_title       = [[Sovereign state|Admission]]
| established_date        = 23 December 1823<ref>{{cite news | title=Las Diputaciones Provinciales| url =http://biblio.juridicas.unam.mx/libros/6/2920/11.pdf|page=15 |language =Spanish}}</ref>
| established_title2      = [[Territorial evolution o Mexico|Order]]
| established_date2       = [[Territorial evolution o Mexico|9t]]
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = 
| seat                    = 
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = [[Leet o Mexican state govrenors|Govrenor]]
| leader_name             = [[Emilio González Márquez|Emilio González]] |23px]]
| leader_title1           = [[Senate o Mexico|Senators]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Senadores por Jalisco LXI Legislatura |url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/index.php?ver=int&mn=4&sm=4&id=15 |publisher=Senado de la Republica |accessdate=March 24, 2010}}</ref>
| leader_name1            = [[Alberto Cárdenas]] <br />[[Héctor Pérez Plazola]] <br />[[Ramiro Hernández García|Ramiro Hernández]] 
|leader_title2            = [[Chamber of Deputies of Mexico|Deputies]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Listado de Diputados por Grupo Parlamentario del Estado de Jalisco |url=http://sitl.diputados.gob.mx/LXI_leg/listado_diputados_gpnp.php?tipot=Edo&edot=14 |publisher=Camara de Diputados |accessdate=March 24, 2010 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225102802/http://sitl.diputados.gob.mx/LXI_leg/listado_diputados_gpnp.php?tipot=Edo&edot=14 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|leader_name2             = {{Collapsible list
 |title       = [[Chamber o Deputies o Mexico|Federal Deputies]]
 |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
 |title_style = <!-- (optional) -->
 |list_style  = text-align:left;display:none;
 |1           = • [[Jorge Arana Arana]] 
 |2           = • [[Salvador Caro Cabrera]] 
 |3           = • [[Ana Estela Durán Rico|Ana Estela Durán]] 
 |4           = • [[Clara Gómez Caro]] 
 |5           = • [[Joel González Díaz]] 
 |6           = • [[Olivia Guillén Padilla|Olivia Guillén]] 
 |7           = • [[David Hernández Pérez|David Hernández]] 
 |8           = • [[Jorge Humberto López-Portillo Basave|Jorge López-Portillo]] 
 |9           = • [[José Trinidad Padilla López|José Padilla López]] 
 |10          = • [[María Esther de Jesús Scherman Leaño|Esther Scherman]] 
 |11          = • [[Rafael Yerena Zambrano|Rafael Yerena]] 
 |12          = • [[Arturo Zamora Jiménez]] 
 |13          = • [[Gumercindo Castellanos Flores|Gumercindo Castellanos]] 
 |14          = • [[Juan José Cuevas García|Juan José Cuevas]] 
 |15          = • [[Alberto Esquer Gutiérrez|Alberto Esquer]] 
 |16          = • [[Gustavo González Hernández|Gustavo González]] 
 |17          = • [[José Luis Iñiguez Gámez|José Luis Iñiguez]] 
 |18          = • [[César Octavio Madrigal Díaz|César Madrigal]] 
 |19          = • [[Carlos Luis Meillón Johnston|Luis Meillón Johnston]] 
 |20          = • [[María Joann Novoa Mossberger|Joann Novoa Mossberger]] 
 |21          = • [[Ana Elia Paredes Arciga|Ana Elia Paredes]] 
 |22          = • [[Francisco Javier Ramírez Acuña|Javier Ramírez Acuña]] 
 |23          = • [[Felipe de Jesús Rangel Vargas|Felipe Rangel Vargas]] 
 |24          = • [[Ignacio Téllez González|Ignacio Téllez]] 
 |25          = • [[Alberto Emiliano Cinta Martínez|Alberto Cinta]]  
 |26          = • [[Juan Enrique Ibarra Pedroza|Enrique Ibarra]]  
 }}
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_footnotes          = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Resumen |url=http://cuentame.inegi.gob.mx/monografias/informacion/jal/default.aspx?tema=me&e=14 |publisher=Cuentame INEGI |accessdate=March 24, 2011 |archive-date=2013-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316043632/http://cuentame.inegi.gob.mx/monografias/informacion/jal/default.aspx?tema=me&e=14 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| area_total_km2          = 78599
| area_land_km2           = 
| area_water_km2          = 
| area_water_percent      =
| area_note               = [[Leet o Mexican states bi aurie|Ranked 6t]]
| elevation_m             =
| elevation_max_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Relieve |url=http://cuentame.inegi.gob.mx/monografias/informacion/jal/territorio/relieve.aspx?tema=me&e=14 |publisher=Cuentame INEGI |accessdate=March 24, 2011 |archive-date=2011-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301103038/http://cuentame.inegi.gob.mx/monografias/informacion/jal/territorio/relieve.aspx?tema=me&e=14 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| elevation_max_m         = 4260
| elevation_max_ft        =
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_min_ft        =
| population_footnotes    = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mexico en Cifras |url=http://www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/mexicocifras/default.aspx?ent=14|publisher=INEGI |accessdate=March 24, 2011}}</ref>
| population_total        = 7350682
| population_as_of        = 2010
| population_rank         = [[Leet o Mexican states bi population|4t]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_density_rank = [[Leet o Mexican states bi population density|11t]]
| population_demonym      = Jalisciense
| population_note         = 
| timezone1               = [[Central Time Zone|CST]], ([[UTC-6]])
| utc_offset1             = 
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central Daylicht Time|CDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = -5
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal codes in Mexico|Postal code]]
| postal_code             = 44-49
| area_code_type          = [[Aurie code]]
| area_code               = {{Collapsible list
|title       = Aurie codes [[Aurie codes in Mexico bi code (0-99)|1]], [[Aurie codes in Mexico bi code (300-399)|2]] an [[Aurie codes in Mexico bi code (400-499)|3]]
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style = <!-- (optional) -->
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| iso_code                = MX-JAL
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| blank_info_sec1         = {{increase}} 0.842 <span style="color:#090;">high</span> <small>[[List of Mexican states by HDI|Ranked 12th]]</small>
| blank_name_sec2         = [[GDP]]
| blank_info_sec2         = US$ 97,650,000,000 <small>[[Ranked List of Mexican states|Ranked 4th]]</small>
| blank_name_sec3         = [[GDP|GDP per Caipita]]
| blank_info_sec3         = US$ 13,285.71
| website                 = {{URL|http://www.jalisco.gob.mx/|Official Website}}
| footnotes               = 
{{note|engoffbox}}a. The state's GDP wis 566,809,524 million o [[Mexican peso|pesos]] in 2008,<ref>{{cite web |title=Jalisco. |url=http://www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/mexicocifras/default.aspx?ent=14|year=2010 |accessdate=March 24, 2011}}</ref> amoont correspondin tae 44,281,994.06 millon o [[Dollar coin (Unitit States)|dollars]], being a dollar worth 12.80 pesos (value o 3 Juin 2010).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Reporte: Jueves 3 de Junio del 2010. Cierre del peso mexicano |url=http://www.pesomexicano.com.mx/archivo/2010/junio/03/reporte-jueves-3-de-junio-del-2010--cierre-del-peso-mexicano.htm#leermas |publisher=www.pesomexicano.com.mx |accessdate=August 10, 2010 |archive-date=2010-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608173515/http://www.pesomexicano.com.mx/archivo/2010/junio/03/reporte-jueves-3-de-junio-del-2010--cierre-del-peso-mexicano.htm#leermas |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />
b. The state's banner wis offeecially adoptit in 2007<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.congresojal.gob.mx/Servicios/BibVirtual/busquedasleyes/archivos/Ley%20sobre%20el%20Escudo,%20Bandera%20e%20Himno%20del%20Estado%20de%20Jalisco.doc|title=Ley sobre el Escudo, Bandera e Himno del Estado de Jalisco|date=2007-02-22|publisher=[http://www.congresojal.gob.mx/ Congreso del Estado de Jalisco]|pages=Page 2|language=[[Spaingie leid|Spaingie]]|format=Word Document|accessdate=2008-12-08|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225102750/http://www.congresojal.gob.mx/Servicios/BibVirtual/busquedasleyes/archivos/Ley%20sobre%20el%20Escudo,%20Bandera%20e%20Himno%20del%20Estado%20de%20Jalisco.doc|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}

[[image:languengl.gif|thumb|right|400px|Ensaumples o faimilies o leids (see eemage summary [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Languengl.gif#Summary])]]
A '''faimily o leids''' is a group o [[leid]]s that's sib bi strynd frae a common forebeir. The aulder leid is cryed the ''proto-leid'' o the faimily.

'''''Soldiers of Christ, Arise''''' is a 18t-century Inglis hymn. The wirds wur writin bi [[Charles Wesley]] (1707–1788)<ref name=cyber>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hymntime.com/tch/htm/s/o/soldiers.htm |title=The Cyber Hymnal: ''Soldiers of Christ, Arise''. |access-date=2014-01-08 |archive-date=2010-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220030502/http://www.hymntime.com/tch/htm/s/o/soldiers.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> an came frae a poem cried "The Whole Armour of God, Ephesians VI" in 1747.<ref name=Methodist>{{cite book | first =Jeffrey | last =Williams  | title =Religion and Violence in Early American Methodism: Taking the Kingdom by Force| url =https://archive.org/details/religionviolence00will | publisher = Indiana University Press | edition =   | year = 2010| isbn = 0253004233 | page = [https://archive.org/details/religionviolence00will/page/n16 2]}}</ref>

{{fixscots}}
{{unsoorced}}
{{taxobox
|image = Various grains.jpg
|image_width=250px
|image caption = Various cereals an thair products
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Commelinids]]
|ordo = [[Poales]]
|familia = [[Poaceae]]
}}
A '''cereal''' is a [[Poaceae|gress]], a member o the [[Monocotyledon|monocot]] faimily [[Poaceae]],<ref>The seeds o several ither plants, such as [[buckwheat]], are an aa used in the same manner as grains, but syne thay are nae grasses, thay cannae strictly be cried such</ref> cultivatit for the edible components o its [[fuid grain|grain]] (botanically, a teep o [[fruit]] cried a [[caryopsis]]), componed o the [[endosperm]], [[cereal germ|germ]], an [[bran]].

{{fixscots|date=Mairch 2021}}

| birth_place = [[Providence, Rhode Island]], U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|1937|3|15|1890|8|20|mf=yes}}
| death_place = Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.
| resting_place = [[Swan Point Cemetery]], Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.
| occupation = Short story writer, eeditor, novelist, poet
| period = 1917–1937
| genre = [[Weird feection]], [[horror feection]], [[science feection]], [[gothic feection]], [[fantasie feection]], [[cosmic horror]]
| movement = [[Cosmicism]]
| notableworks = {{unbulleted list |"[[The Call of Cthulhu]]" |''[[The Dream-Quest of Unknown Kadath]]''|''[[At the Mountains of Madness]]'' |''[[The Shadow over Innsmouth]]'' |''[[The Shadow Out of Time]]''}}
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Sonia Greene]]|March 3, 1924}}
| signature = Lovecraft signature.svg
}}
'''Howard Phillips "H. P." Lovecraft''' ([[20 August]] [[1890]] – [[15 Mairch]] [[1937]]) wis an [[Unitit States|American]] owthor o fantasie an grue fiction, kent for giein [[grue stories]] a [[science feection]] framewark. Lovecraft's readership wis leemitit in throu his life, but his warks haes turnt raither important an hanks amang scrievers an fans o grue fiction.

{{Cite web |url=http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/maklumat-kenegaraan/9043-profil-negeri-sarawak.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-04-23 |archive-date=2015-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421063249/http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/maklumat-kenegaraan/9043-profil-negeri-sarawak.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><br/>{{small|Laund o the Hornbills}}
| motto                   = ''Bersatu, Berusaha, Berbakti''<br/>{{small|Unitit, Strivin, Servin}}
| anthem                  = ''[[Ibu Pertiwiku]]''<br/>{{small|Ma Mitherland}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarawak State Anthem|url=http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/157/174/|publisher=Sarawak Government|accessdate=12 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907185320/http://www.sarawak.gov.my/web/home/article_view/157/174/|archivedate=7 September 2015}}</ref>
| image_map               = Sarawak in Malaysia.svg
| mapsize                 =
| map_alt                 =
| map_caption             = {{centre|{{Legend inline|#C41E3A|outline=red}} '''Sarawak''' in {{Legend inline|#FFFDD0|outline=silver}} '''[[Malaysie]]'''}}
| coordinates             = {{coord|2|48|N|113|53|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        =
| subdivision_name        = Malaysie
| seat_type               = [[Leet o naitional caipitals|Caipital]]
| seat                    = [[Kuching]]
| parts_type              = [[Diveesions o Malaysie|Diveesions]]
| parts_style             = list
| parts                   =
| p1                      = [[Betong Diveesion|Betong]]
| p2                      = [[Bintulu Diveesion|Bintulu]]
| p3                      = [[Kapit Diveesion|Kapit]]
| p4                      = [[Kuching Diveesion|Kuching]]
| p5                      = [[Limbang Diveesion|Limbang]]
| p6                      = [[Miri Diveesion|Miri]]
| p7                      = [[Mukah Diveesion|Mukah]]
| p8                      = [[Samarahan Diveesion|Samarahan]]
| p9                      = [[Sarikei Diveesion|Sarikei]]
| p10                     = [[Serian Diveesion|Serian]]
| p11                     = [[Sibu Diveesion|Sibu]]
| p12                     = [[Sri Aman Diveesion|Sri Aman]]
| leader_title           = [[Yang di-Pertua Negeri Sarawak|Yang di-Pertua Negeri]]
| leader_name            = [[Abdul Taib Mahmud]]
| leader_title2          = [[Chief Meenister o Sarawak|Chief Meenister]]
| leader_name2           = [[Abang Johari Openg]] ([[Barisan Nasional|BN]])
| total_type              = Total
| area_footnotes          = <ref name="statistics">{{cite web|url=https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cone&menu_id=clJnWTlTbWFHdmUwbmtSTE1EQStFZz09|title=Sarawak @ a Glance|publisher=Department of Statistics, Malaysia|accessdate=29 December 2017}}</ref>
| area_total_km2          = 124,451
| area_water_km2          =
| population_footnotes    = <ref name="statistics"/>
| population_total        = 2770000 ([[States an federal territories o Malaysie|4t]])
| population_as_of        = 2017
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = Sarawakian
| population_note         =
| timezone1               = [[Malaysie Staundart Time|MST]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Facts of Sarawak|url=http://sarawakfacts.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/cls_list.php?clsid=34&catid=156&subcatid=&polid=129|publisher=The Sarawak Government|accessdate=23 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723154012/http://sarawakfacts.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/cls_list.php?clsid=34&catid=156&subcatid=&polid=129|archivedate=23 July 2015}}</ref>
| utc_offset1             = +8
| demographics_type1      = [[Human Development Index]]
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=General Information |url=http://www.cpps.org.my/Resources-@-General_Information_.aspx |publisher=Centre for public policies studies |accessdate=19 November 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151020095720/http://www.cpps.org.my/Resources-%40-General_Information_.aspx |archivedate=20 October 2015 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
| demographics1_title1    = HDI (2000)
| demographics1_info1     = 0.757 (<span style="color:#090;">heich</span>) ([[States an federal territories o Malaysie|11t]])
| postal_code_type        = [[Leet o postal codes in Malaysie|Postal code]]
| postal_code             = 93xxx<ref>{{cite web|title=Postal codes in Sarawak|url=https://postal-codes.cybo.com/malaysia/sarawak/?p=1|website=cybo.com|accessdate=23 July 2015|archive-date=2019-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519202027/https://postal-codes.cybo.com/malaysia/sarawak/?p=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> to 98xxx<ref>{{cite web|title=Postal codes in Miri|url=https://postal-codes.cybo.com/malaysia/miri/|website=cybo.com|accessdate=23 July 2015|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093216/https://postal-codes.cybo.com/malaysia/miri/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone nummers in Malaysie|Cryin code]]
| area_code               = 082 tae 086<ref>{{cite web|title=Area codes in Sarawak|url=https://area-codes.cybo.com/malaysia/sarawak/?p=1|website=cybo.com|accessdate=22 July 2015|archive-date=2018-09-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921230029/https://area-codes.cybo.com/malaysia/sarawak/?p=1|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| iso_code                = K (MY-13, 50–53)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/02/17/its-13-50-to-53-for-sarawak/|title=It’s 13, 50 to 53 for Sarawak|author=Lian Cheng|publisher=The Borneo Post|date=17 February 2016|accessdate=19 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519030700/http://www.theborneopost.com/2016/02/17/its-13-50-to-53-for-sarawak/|archivedate=19 May 2017|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpn.gov.my/en/kod-negeri/|title=State Code|publisher=Malaysian National Registration Department|accessdate=19 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519030502/http://www.jpn.gov.my/en/kod-negeri/|archivedate=19 May 2017|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
| registration_plate      = [[Malaysian vehicle license plates|QA tae QT]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Soon|first1=Teh Wei|title=Some Little Known Facts On Malaysian Vehicle Registration Plates|url=http://malaysiandigest.com/features/546797-some-little-known-facts-on-malaysian-vehicle-registration-plates.html|accessdate=8 July 2015|publisher=Malaysian Digest|date=23 March 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708091603/http://malaysiandigest.com/features/546797-some-little-known-facts-on-malaysian-vehicle-registration-plates.html|archivedate=8 July 2015}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec1        = [[Sarawak Sel-govrenment Day|Sel-govrenment]]
| blank1_info_sec1        = 22 Julie 1963<ref name="Porritt1997">{{cite book|author=Vernon L. Porritt|title=British Colonial Rule in Sarawak, 1946–1963|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4pBwAAAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-983-56-0009-8|accessdate=7 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="Mathews2014">{{cite book|author=Philip Mathews|title=Chronicle of Malaysia: Fifty Years of Headline News, 1963–2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=md9UAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA15|date=28 February 2014|publisher=Editions Didier Millet|isbn=978-967-10617-4-9|page=15}}</ref>
| blank2_name_sec1        = [[Malaysie Greement]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1963/35/pdfs/ukpga_19630035_en.pdf|title=Malaysia Act 1963 (Chapter 35)|work=The National Archives|publisher=[[Unitit Kinrick legislation]]|format=PDF|accessdate=12 August 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114081253/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1963/35/pdfs/ukpga_19630035_en.pdf|archivedate=14 November 2012|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
| blank2_info_sec1        = 16 September 1963<ref name="Agreement relating to Malaysia">{{cite wikisource |title= Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore |wslink= Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore
 |author= Governments of United Kingdom of Great Britain
 |author2= Northern Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak
 |author3= Singapore
 |last-author-amp= yes |year= 1963 |publisher= |location= |page= 1|pages= |scan=}}</ref>
| website                 = {{official website}}
}}
'''Sarawak''' ({{IPA-may|saˈrawaʔ|lang}}) is a [[States an federal territories o Malaysie|state]] o [[Malaysie]].

A '''bathroom''' is a [[room (airchitectur)|room]] for [[personal hygiene]] activities, generally conteenin a [[sink]] (basin) an aither a [[bathtub]], a [[shower]], or baith. In some kintras, the [[toilet]] is includit in this room, for ease o plummin, whaurby ither culturs conseeder this unclean, an gie that fixtur [[toilet (room)|a room o its awn]].

'''RNA interference''' ('''RNAi''') is a biological process in which [[RNA]] molecules [[regulation o gene expression|inhibit gene expression]], teepically bi causin the destruction o speceefic [[mRNA]] molecules.

'''"Coulter's Candy"''', also cried '''"Ally Bally"''' or '''"Ally Bally Bee"'''<ref name="Scotsman">{{cite web|url=https://www.scotsman.com/whats-on/arts-and-entertainment/15-famous-songs-every-scot-will-know-1456133|title=15 famous songs every Scot will know|website=Scotsman.com|accessdate=30 August 2020}}</ref>, is a [[Scots leid|Scots]] [[fowk sang]].

| birth_place = [[Los Toldos]], Argentinae
| death_date = {{death date and age|1952|7|26|1919|5|17|df=y}}
| death_cause = 
| death_place = [[Buenos Aires]], Argentinae
| party = [[Justicialist Pairty]]<br />[[Weemen in Argentinae|Weemen's Peronist Pairty]]
| restingplace = [[La Recoleta Seemetry]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Juan Perón]]|18 October 1945}}
| signature = Eva Peron Signature.svg
}}
'''María Eva Duarte de Perón''' ({{IPA-es|maˈɾi.a ˈeβa ˈðwarte ðe peˈɾon}}; 7 Mey 1919 – 26 Julie 1952) wis the seicont wife o [[Preses o Argentinae|Preses]] [[Juan Perón]] (1895–1974) an served as the [[First Lady]] o [[Argentinae]] frae 1946 till her daith in 1952. She is aften referred tae as simply '''Eva Perón''', or bi the affectionate [[Diminutive#Spaingie|Spaingie leid diminutive]] '''Evita''', which literally translates intae Inglis as "Little Eva".

|Lageplan          = Oeversee in SL.PNG
|Bundesland        = Schleswig-Holstein
|Kreis             = Schleswig-Flensburg
|Amt               = Oeversee
|Höhe              = 31
|Fläche            = 36.35
|Einwohner         = 3403
|Stand             = 2006-12-31
|PLZ               = 24987–24988
|Vorwahl           = 04630 & 04638
|Kfz               = SL
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 01059184
|Adresse-Verband   = Tornschauer Str. 3-5<br />24963 Tarp
|Website           = [http://www.amtoeversee.de/ www.amtoeversee.de]
|Bürgermeister     = Hans-Heinrich Jensen-Hansen
|Partei            = CDU
}}

{{automatic taxobox
|name = Feliforms
|fossil_range = {{fossil_range|40|0|earliest=50|[[Eocene]]-[[Holocene]]}}
|image = Feliform_portraits.jpg
|image_caption = Sindry livin feliform faimilies: Eupleridae, Felidae, Hyaenidae, Herpestidae and Viverridae.
|taxon = Feliformia
|authority = [[Miklós Kretzoi|Kretzoi]], 1945
|subdivision_ranks = Faimilies
|subdivision =
* [[Nandiniidae]]
* †[[Nimravidae]]
* (unranked): '''Aeluroidea'''
** Infraorder '''Feloidea'''
*** [[Felidae]]
*** [[Prionodontidae]]
*** †[[Barbourofelidae]]
** Infraorder †'''Stenoplesictoidea'''
*** †[[Percrocutidae]]
*** †[[Stenoplesictidae]]
** Infraorder '''[[Viverroidea]]'''
*** [[Viverridae]]
*** Superfamily '''[[Herpestoidea]]'''
**** [[Eupleridae]]
**** [[Herpestidae]]
**** [[Hyena|Hyaenidae]]
**** †[[Lophocyonidae]]
}}

{{fixscots|date=October 2020}}

{{fixscots}}
'''Finlay Jefferson Currie''' ([[20 Januar]] 1878 in Edinburgh – [[9 Mey]] 1968, in [[Gerrards Cross]], [[Buckinghamshire]], Ingland) wis a Scots actor o stage, screen an telly.

'''Naitural philosophy''' or '''physics''' (frae the [[Auncient Greek|Greek]] {{lang|grc|φυσικός}} ({{transl|grc|phusikós}}), "naitural", an {{lang|grc|φύσις}} ({{transl|grc|phúsis}}), "naitur") is a [[Naitural sciences|science o naitur]] in the braidest furm. Naitural philosophy deals wi [[matter|maiter]] an energy an the fundamental virrs o naitur that owersees the interactions atween particles. Physicists studie a braid reenge o physical phenomenae, frae the sub-nuclear particles that maks up aw ordinar maiter (particle physics) tae the maiteral Universe as a hail ([[cosmologie]]).

{{italic title}}
{{taxobox
|name = Meidae spink
|image = Silene flos-cuculi flower - Niitvälja.jpg
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Core eudicots]]
|ordo = [[Caryophyllales]]
|familia = [[Caryophyllaceae]]
|genus = ''[[Lychnis]]''
|species = '''''L. flos-cuculi'''''
|binomial = ''Lychnis flos-cuculi''
|binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|synonyms = ''Coronaria flos-cuculi'' <small>A.Braun (1843)</small><br>''Silene flos-cuculi'' <small>(L.) Greuter & Burdet (1982)</small>
}}
'''''Lychnis flos-cuculi''''', ('''meidae spink''', '''raggie-willie''', '''cock's kaim''', '''rags''', '''rag-a-tag''') is a yerbaceous perennial plant in the faimily [[Caryophyllaceae]].

{{fixscots|date=Januar 2021}}

|birth_place=[[Glesga]], [[Scotland]]|death_date={{death date and age|1954|4|18|1887|11|15|df=y}}|death_place=[[Dunoon]], Scotland|nationality=Scots|other_names=|occupation=Politeecian, activist, suffragette|years_active=|known_for=|notable_works=|spouse=Alexander Montgomerie Crawfurd<br>George Anderson}}'''Helen Crawfurd Anderson''' (9 November 1877 – 18 Apryle 1954) wis a Scots [[suffragette]], rent strike organiser, Communist activist, an politeecian. Born in Glesga, she wis broucht up thare an in the Lunnon area.

|Lageplan          = Bergenhusen in SL.PNG
|Bundesland        = Schleswig-Holstein
|Kreis             = Schleswig-Flensburg
|Amt               = Kropp-Stapelholm
|Höhe              = 4
|Fläche            = 18.22
|Einwohner         = 680
|Stand             = 2006-12-31
|PLZ               = 24861
|Vorwahl           = 04885
|Kfz               = SL
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 59 005
|NUTS              = DEF0C
|Adresse-Verband   = Am Markt 10<br />24848 Kropp
|Website           = www.storchendorf-bergenhusen.de
|Bürgermeister     = Helmut Schrever
|Partei            =
}}

'''Masturbation''' is the sex ack o deirin upan ane's ain genitals for sexual pleasance or ither siclyke sexual pleisur, for ordinar til [[orgasm]] is raxed.<ref name="webmd">{{cite web|url=http://www.webmd.com/sex-relationships/guide/masturbation-guide |title=Masturbation – Is Masturbation Normal or Harmful? Who Masturbates? Why Do People Masturbate? |publisher=[[WebMD]]|date=4 March 2010 |accessdate=17 August 2011}}</ref> The deirin micht note liths, objecks, sex toys, or whyles aa o thir.<ref name="webmd" /> Mutual masturbation (masturbation atween marrows) is whyles duin astid o fu mow. Masturbation is duin maistlins evenlike amang baith sexes an athort aw ages frae youdith oan, abiet wi distans amang thaim. An inlaik o odias shaim for sex an masturbation is thocht tae bring sindry guid affcomes, an nae [[Causality|causal]] lynk is kent atween masturbation an ony ill affcome o bouk or harn.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Coleman |first1=Eli |year=2012 |orig-year=2002 |chapter=Masturbation as a Means of Achieving Sexual Health |chapterurl=http://samples.sainsburysebooks.co.uk/9781317787587_sample_833458.pdf |chapter-format=PDF |editor1-last=Bockting |editor1-first=Walter O. |editor2-last=Coleman |editor2-first=Eli |title=Masturbation as a Means of Achieving Sexual Health |url=http://samples.sainsburysebooks.co.uk/9781317787587_sample_833458.pdf |location=New York |publisher=Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |publication-date= |page=7 |pages= |at= |nopp= |isbn=0-7890-2047-5 |oclc=50913590 |quote=Despite the scientific evidence indicating that masturbation is generally a normal variant of sexual expression and that it does not seem to have a causal relationship with sexual pathology, negative attitudes about masturbation persist and it remains stigmatized. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418040123/http://samples.sainsburysebooks.co.uk/9781317787587_sample_833458.pdf |archive-date=2016-04-18 |access-date=2018-06-01 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>

| unitary_scotland = [[East Renfrewshire]]
| lieutenancy_scotland = [[Renfrewshire]]
| constituency_westminster = [[East Renfrewshire (UK Pairlament constituency)|East Renfrewshire]]
| constituency_scottish_parliament = [[Renfrewshire Sooth (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Renfrewshire Sooth]]
| post_town = GLASGOW
| postcode_district = G78
| postcode_area = G
| dial_code = 0141
| edinburgh_distance = 
| london_distance = 
| static_image = 
| static_image_caption = Baurheid frae the Fereneze Hills
}}
'''Baurheid''' ({{lang-en|Barrhead}}, {{lang-gd|Ceann a' Bharra}})<ref>[http://newsnetscotland.com/index.php/component/content/article/2999-list-of-railway-station-names.html List of railway station names in English, Scots and Gaelic] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122064223/http://newsnetscotland.com/index.php/component/content/article/2999-list-of-railway-station-names.html |date=January 22, 2013 }} – NewsNetScotland</ref> is a toun in [[East Renfrewshire]], [[Scotland]], {{convert|13|km}} sooth-wast o [[Glesga]] on the edge o the [[Gleniffer Braes]].

| area_total_km2          = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=total|municipality=Falköping Municipality}}
| area_land_km2           = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=land|municipality=Falköping Municipality}}
| area_water_km2          = {{Area Swedish municipality|type=water|municipality=Falköping Municipality}}
| area_water_percent      = 
| area_note               = Aurie as o {{Area Swedish municipality|TXT=date}}.
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| population_footnotes    = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=ref}}
| population_total        = {{Population Swedish municipality|municipality=Falköping Municipality}}
| population_as_of        = {{Population Swedish municipality|TXT=date}}
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_note         = 
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Provinces o Swaden|Province]]
| blank_info_sec1         = [[Västergötland]]
| blank1_name_sec1        = [[Kommunkod|Municipal code]]
| blank1_info_sec1        = 1499
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal codes in Swaden|Postal code]]
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:SE|SE<!--??-->]]
| website                 = [http://www.falkoping.se www.falkoping.se]<!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| footnotes               = Densitie is calculatit uising land aurie anerlie.
}}

{{fixscots|date=Mairch 2021}}

{{coord|35|42|48|N|139|45|44|E|region:JP_type:edu_source:dewiki|display=title}}

{{Coord|47|20|N|13|20|E|display=title}}
{{Needs Mair Soorces}}
| common_name = Austrick
| image_flag = Flag of Austria.svg
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Austria.svg
| image_map = EU-Austria.svg
| map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=dark green |region=Europe |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[European Union]] |subregion_color=green |legend=EU-Austria.svg}}
| national_motto =
| national_anthem =
 {{unbulleted list
  | {{native name|de|[[Land der Berge, Land am Strome]]}}
  | {{small|''Laund o Moontains, Laund bi the River''}}
  | {{center|}}
 }}
| official_languages = [[Austrick German]]{{ref label|aaa|a}}
| languages_type = {{nobold|Regional<br>leids}}<ref name="RIS">{{cite web |url=http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Dokumentnummer=NOR40066723 |publisher=Rechtsinformationssystem des Bundes |title=Regional Languages of Austria |year=2013 }}</ref>
| languages =
| ethnic_groups =
 {{unbulleted list
  | 81.1% [[Austricks]]<ref name="medienservicestelle.at">{{cite web |url=http://medienservicestelle.at/migration_bewegt/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/IBIB_2012_Integrationsbericht.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=Statistik Austria |title=Kommission für Migrations und Integrationsforschung der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften |year=2012 |page=27 |access-date=2017-04-13 |archive-date=2017-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114032851/http://medienservicestelle.at/migration_bewegt/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/IBIB_2012_Integrationsbericht.pdf |url-status=dead }} (total population to calculate percentages with is on page 23)</ref>
  | 6.3% ex-[[Yugoslavs]]
  | 2.7% [[Germans]]
  | 2.2% [[Turks in Austrick|Turks]]
  | 11.5% Ithers
 }}
| ethnic_groups_year = 2012
| demonym = Austrick
| capital = [[Vienna]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|48|12|N|16|21|E|type:city}}
| largest_city = caipital
| government_type = [[Federal republic|Federal]] [[Pairlamentary seestem|pairlamentary republic]]
| leader_title1 = [[:en:President of Austria|Preses]]
| leader_name1 = [[Alexander Van der Bellen]]
| leader_title2 = [[:en:Chancellor o Austria|Chancellor]]
| leader_name2 = [[:en:Karl Nehammer|Karl Nehammer]]
| legislature = [[Austrick Pairlament|Pairlament]]
| upper_house = [[Federal Cooncil (Austrick)|Federal Cooncil]]
| lower_house = [[Naitional Cooncil (Austrick)|National Cooncil]]
| sovereignty_type = [[Austrick State Treaty|Unthirldom]]
| established_event1 = [[Margraviate o Austrick]]
| established_date1 = 976
| established_event2 = [[Duchy o Austrick]]
| established_date2 = 1156
| established_event3 = [[Airchduchy o Austrick]]
| established_date3 = 1453
| established_event4 = [[Austrick Empire]]
| established_date4 = 1804
| established_event5 = [[Austrick-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Empire]]
| established_date5 = 1867
| established_event6 = [[First Republic o Austrick|First Republic]]
| established_date6 = 1918
| established_event7 = [[Federal State o Austrick|Federal State]]
| established_date7 = 1934
| established_event8 = [[Anschluss]]
| established_date8 = 1938
| established_event9 = [[Seicont Austrick Republic|SeicontR epublic]]
| established_date9 = syne 1945
| established_event10 = [[Austrick State Treaty|State Treaty]] in effect
| established_date10 = 27 Julie 1955
| established_event11 = [[1995 enlargement o the European Union|Jyned]] the [[European Union]]
| established_date11 = 1 Januar 1995
| area_km2 = 83,879
| area_rank = 113t
| percent_water = 0,84
| area_sq_mi = 32,386 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
| population_estimate_rank = 98t
| population_density_km2 = 106
| population_density_rank = 106t
| population_density_sq_mi = 274.5 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
| population_estimate = 8,935,112<ref name="statistik-population">{{cite web|title=Population by Year-/Quarter-beginning|url=http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstand_und_veraenderung/bevoelkerung_zu_jahres-_quartalsanfang/023582.html|date=7 November 2018|access-date=12 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612161754/http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstand_und_veraenderung/bevoelkerung_zu_jahres-_quartalsanfang/023582.html|archive-date=12 June 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| population_estimate_year = October 2020
| GDP_PPP = $461.432 billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2017&ey=2020&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=70&pr1.y=9&c=122&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Austria |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]|date=1 April 2018|access-date=6 December 2021}}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_year = 2018
| GDP_PPP_rank =
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $51,936<ref name=imf2/>
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 17
| GDP_nominal = $446,315 billion<ref name=imf2/>
| GDP_nominal_rank = 27
| GDP_nominal_year = 2019
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $50,277<ref name=imf2/>
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 15
| Gini_year = 2020
| Gini_change = increase <!-- increase/decrease/steady -->
| Gini = 27.0 <!-- number only -->
| Gini_ref = <ref name=eurogini>{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey|publisher=[[Eurostat]] |website=ec.europa.eu |access-date=6 December 2021}}</ref>
| Gini_rank =14t
| HDI_year = 2019 <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year -->
| HDI_change = increase <!-- increase/decrease/steady -->
| HDI = 0.922 <!-- number only -->
| HDI_ref =<ref name="UNHDR">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=6 December 2021}}</ref>
| HDI_rank = 18t
| currency = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]]){{ref label|bbb|b}}
| currency_code = EUR
| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| drives_on = right
| utc_offset = +01
| time_zone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +02
| calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in Austrick|+43]]
| cctld = [[.at]]{{ref label|ccc|c}}
| footnote_a = {{note|aaa}} [[Croatie leid|Croatie]], [[Czech leid|Czech]], [[Hungarian leid|Hungarian]], [[Romani leid|Romani]], [[Slovak leid|Slovak]], an [[Slovene leid|Slovene]] are offeecially recognised bi the [[European Chairter for Regional or Minority Leids|European Chairter for Regional or Minority Leids (ECRML)]].
| footnote_b = {{note|bbb}} [[Austrian schilling]] afore 1999; Virtual Euro syne 1 Januar 1999; Euro syne 1 January 2002.
| footnote_c = {{note|ccc}} The [[.eu]] domain is an aa uised, as it is shared wi ither [[European Union]] member states.
}}

In common uisage, '''thift''' is the takin o anither person's [[property]] wioot that person's permission or [[consent]] wi the intent tae deprive the richtfu awner o it.<ref name="Webster">{{cite web|title=Theft|publisher=''[[Merriam-Webster]]''|accessdate=October 12, 2011|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/theft}}</ref><ref name="legal-dictionary">{{cite web|title=Theft|publisher=legal-dictionary.The freedictionary.com|accessdate=October 12, 2011|url=http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/theft}}</ref>

'''Guinness''' (pronoonced {{IPA|/ˈɡɪnɪs/}}) is a popular dry [[stout]] that originatit in Arthur Guinness' first brewery in [[Leixlip]], [[Coonty Kildare|Co. Kildare]] but it then muived tae its present hame at [[St. Jamies's Gat]] in [[Dublin]], [[Republic o Ireland|Ireland]]. The [[beer]] is foondit on the porter style frae Lonnon in the early 18t century. It is ane o the maist successfu beer brands in the warld, bein exportit warldwide. The distinctive featur in the flavour is the roosted bairley whilk steys unfermentit. For monie year a portion o the beer wis eildit tae gie a shairp lactic flavour, but Guinness winna say gin this yet occurs. The thick reamy heid is the result o the beer bein kirned wi nitrogen whan bein served. It is extremely faur ben wi the Irish an, in spite o a decline in consumption owre recent years, is the best-sellin alcoholic drink ae aw time in Ireland, whar Guinness & Co. maks ney €2 billion annually.

{{fixscots}}
{{unsoorced}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = [[Eocene]] tae present（molecular clock suggests [[Cretaceous]] oreegins）
| image = Freshwater angelfish biodome.jpg
| image_caption = Common freshwatter angelfish,<br />''[[Pterophyllum scalare]]''
| taxon = Cichlidae
| display_parents = 3
| authority = [[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1835
| subdivision_ranks = [[Subfamilies]]
| subdivision =
[[Cichlinae]]<br />
[[Etroplinae]]<br /><!-- MolPhylEvol30:599 -->
[[Heterochromidinae]]<br />
<!-- [[Paratilapiinae]] (for Paratilapia) is included within Ptychochrominae -->
[[Pseudocrenilabrinae]]<br />
[[Ptychochrominae]]<br /><!-- MolPhylEvol30:599 -->
For [[genus|genera]], see [[#Genera|below]].
}}
'''Cichlids''' are [[fish]] frae the [[faimily (biology)|faimily]] '''Cichlidae''' in the order [[Cichliformes]].

'''Oceanie''''s a name uised in [[geography]] for the region made up o [[Australie]], [[New Zealand]], [[Papua New Guinea]], an a puckle ither [[island]] [[naition]]s in the surroondin area. Some fowk caws this pairt o the warld '''Australasie''' an aw.

'''Ma'adim Vallis''' is ane o the lairgest canyons on [[Maurs]], aboot 434 mile lang an a guid bit mair muckle not the [[Yird|Yirds's]] Grand Canyon. It is ower 12 mile braid an 1.24 mile deep in some places. It rins frae a region o soothren lawlands thocht tae hae ance conteent a lairge group o lochs north tae [[Gusev Crater]] naur the equator.

|birth_place       = Lunnon
|death_date        =
|death_place       =
|residence         =
|citizenship       =
|nationality       = Breetish
|ethnicity         =
|field             =
|work_institutions = [[Columbia University]]
|alma_mater        = [[Christ's College, Cambridge]]
|doctoral_advisor  =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for         =
|influences        =
|influenced        =
|prizes            =
|religion          =
|footnotes         =
}}

in the [[Swiss Alps]] ([[Swiss Naitional Pairk|Naitional Pairk]])]]
A '''forest''', an aa referred tae as a '''wid''' or the '''wids''', is an aurie wi a heich density o [[trees]]. As wi ceeties, dependin on various cultural defineetions, what is considered a forest mey vary signeeficantly in size an hae different classifications accordin tae hou an o whit the forest is componed.<ref>Lund, H. Gyde (coord.) 2006. 'Definitions of Forest, Deforestation, Afforestation, and Reforestation'. Gainesville, VA: Forest Information Services. Available from: [http://home.comcast.net/~gyde/DEFpaper.htm ComcastNet-gyde].</ref>  A forest is uisually an aurie filled wi trees but ony taw densely packed aurie o vegetation mey be considered a forest, even unnerwatter vegetation sic as [[kelp forest]]s, or non-vegetation sic as [[fungi]],<ref>{{Cite book
  | last = Stamets
  | first = Paul
  | authorlink = Paul_Stamets
  | title = Mycelium Running
  | url = https://archive.org/details/myceliumrunningh00stam_0
  | publisher = Ten Speed Press
  | year = 2005
  | page = [https://archive.org/details/myceliumrunningh00stam_0/page/35 35]
  | isbn = 1-58008-579-2}}</ref> an [[bacteria]].  Tree forests kiver approximately 9.4 percent o the [[Yird]]'s surface (or 30 percent o tot land aurie), tho thay ance covered much mair (aboot 50 percent o tot land aurie).  Thay function as [[habitat (ecology)|habitat]]s for organisms, [[watter cycle|hydrologic flow]] [[modulator]]s, an [[syle]] conservers, constitutin ane o the maist important aspects o the [[biosphere]].

{{Special characters}}

{{taxobox
|name = lint
|image =Linum_usitatissimum_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-088.jpg
|image_caption = Lint plant
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
|ordo = [[Malpighiales]]
|familia = [[Linaceae]]
|genus = ''[[Linum]]''
|species = '''''L. usitatissimum'''''
|binomial = ''Linum usitatissimum''
|binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]].
|}}
'''Lint''' (''Linum usitatissimum'') is growen baith for its seeds, kent as lint-bennels, an for its feebres. Sindry pairts o the plant haes been uised for tae mak linen, dye, paper, medicines, fishin nets, hair gels an saip. It is whiles growen as an ornamental plant in gairdens, the flouers bein kent as lint-bells.

{{fixscots}}

{{fixscots|date=August 2021}}

A '''metal''' (frae [[Auncient Greek|Greek]] μέταλλον ''métallon'', "mine, quarry, metal") is a [[material]] (an [[chemical element|element]], [[Chemical compoond|compoond]], or [[alloy]]) that is teepically [[Haurdness|haurd]] whan in [[solit]] state, [[Opacity (optics)|opaque]], shiny, an haes guid [[Electrical resistivity an conductivity|electrical]] an [[thermal conductivity]]. Metals are generally [[Ductility|malleable]]—that is, thay can be haimered or pressed permanently oot o shape withoot brakkin or crackin—as weel as [[Fusible alloy|fusible]] (able tae be fused or meltit) an [[Ductility|ductile]] (able tae be drawn oot intae a thin wire).<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/377422/metal metal]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''</ref> Aroond 90 o the 118 elements in the [[periodic cairt]] are metals; the ithers are [[nonmetals]] or [[metalloid]]s, tho elements near the boondaries o ilk category hae been assigned variably tae aither (hence the lack o an exact coont). Some elements appear in baith metallic an non-metallic forms.

|elevation_m            = 
|area_code              = 
|website                = 
}}

.]]
The '''French Republican Calendar''' ({{lang-fr|calendrier républicain français}}) or '''French Revolutionary Calendar''' (''calendrier révolutionnaire français'') wis a [[calendar]] creatit an implementit during the [[French Revolution]], an uised bi the French govrenment for aboot 12 years frae late 1793 tae 1805, an for 18 days bi the [[Paris Commune]] in 1871.
{{authority control}}
[[Category:French Republican Calendar| ]]
[[Category:Calendars]]
[[Category:Republicanism in Fraunce]]
[[Category:1792]]
[[Category:18t century in Europe]]

|Lageplan          = Dollerup in SL.PNG
|Bundesland        = Schleswig-Holstein
|Kreis             = Schleswig-Flensburg
|Amt               = Langballig
|Höhe              = 35
|Fläche            = 13.08
|Einwohner         = 1041
|Stand             = 2006-12-31
|PLZ               = 24989
|Vorwahl           = 04636
|Kfz               = SL
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 59 106
|Adresse-Verband   = Süderende 1<br />24977 Langballig
|Website           = [http://www.langballig.de/ www.langballig.de]
|Bürgermeister     = Peter-Wilhelm Jacobsen
|Partei            =
}}

{| class="toccolours" style="border-collapse: collapse; float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em;" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="260"
|+ <big>'''Bridgend County Borough<br>Bwrdeisdref Sirol Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background: white;"|
|-
| colspan="2" style="background: #f0f0f0; font-weight: bolder;"|Geography
|-
! style="font-weight: normal;" | '''[[Surface area|Area]]'''<br />- Total<br />- % Watter
|[[Leet o Welsh principal auries bi aurie|Ranked 17th]]<br />246&nbsp;km²<br />? %
|-
!Admin HQ
|[[Bridgend]]
|-
![[ISO 3166-2:GB|ISO 3166-2]]
|GB-BGE
|-
![[ONS coding seestem|ONS code]]
|00PB
|-
| colspan=2 style="background: #f0f0f0; font-weight: bolder;"|Demographics
|-
! style="font-weight: normal;" | '''[[Population]]''':<br />- ({{Welsh council population|TXT=Year}})<br />- [[Densitie]]<br />&nbsp;
|[[Leet o Welsh principal auries bi population|Ranked {{Welsh council population|RNK=00PB}}]]<br />{{Welsh council population|POP=00PB}}<br />[[Leet o Welsh principal auries bi population densitie|Ranked {{Welsh council population|DRK=00PB}}]]<br />{{Welsh council population|DEN=00PB}} / km²
|-
!Ethnicity
|98.4% White.
|-
! style="font-weight: normal;" | '''[[Welsh leid]]'''<br />- Ony skills
|[[Leet o Welsh principal auries bi percentage Welsh leid|Ranked 14t]]<br />19.9%
|-
| colspan="2" style="background: #f0f0f0; font-weight: bolder;"|Politics
|-
!Control
|{{Welsh cooncil control|ONS=00PB}}
|-
![[MPs electit in the UK general election, 2010|MPs]]
|
*[[Huw Irranca-Davies]]
*[[Madeleine Moon]]
|-
![[Members o the Naitional Assembly for Wales|AMs]]
|
*[[Carwyn Jones]] (Bridgend Constituency)
*[[Janice Gregory]] (Ogmore Constituency)
*[[Sooth Wales Wast (Naitional Assembly for Wales electoral region)|Sooth Wales Wast]]<br />(Regional)
|-
![[Member o the European Parliament|MEPs]]
|[[Wales_(European_Parliament_constituency)|Wales]]
|}

'''Sara María Aldrete''' (born September 6, 1964 in [[Matamoros, Tamaulipas]], [[Mexico]]) is a [[Mexico|Mexican]] serial killer kent as "La Madrina". She attendit heich schuil in [[Brownsville, Texas]], [[Unitit States]], while still livin sooth o [[US-Mexico border|the border]], an gained [[Alien (law)|resident alien]] status so she coud attend [[Texas Southmost College]]. She wis kent amang her peers as a guid student. She is {{convert|6|ft|1|in|m|abbr=on}} taw an studiet [[physical education]], preparin tae transfer tae a university tae earn a pheesical education teachin certification.

The '''Enlichtenment''', kent in French as the ''Siècle des Lumières'' (Century o Enlichtenment),  an in German as the ''Aufklärung'', wis a filosofical muivement which dominatit the warld o ideas in Europe in the 18t century.

{{italic title}}
{{taxobox
|image =  Hibiscus flower TZ.jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Hibiscus rosa-sinensis]]''
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|divisio = [[Flouerin plant|Angiosperms]]
|classis = [[Eudicots]]
|ordo = [[Rosids]]
|ordo = [[Malvales]]
|familia = [[Malvaceae]]
|subfamilia = [[Malvoideae]]
|tribus=[[Hibisceae]]
|genus = '''''Hibiscus'''''
|genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|synonyms = ''Bombycidendron'' <small>Zoll. & Moritzi</small><br/>
''Bombycodendron'' <small>Hassk.</small><br/>
''Brockmania'' <small>W.Fitzg.</small><br/>
''Pariti'' <small>Adans.</small><br/>
''Wilhelminia'' <small>Hochr.</small><ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?5665 |title=Genus: ''Hibiscus'' L |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2007-10-05 |accessdate=2010-02-16 |archive-date=2010-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528145907/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?5665 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
|subdivision = [[#Species|232 species]]
|}}

| image_flag = Flag of Saba.svg
| image_shield = Saba wapen.svg
| image_map = Saba in its region.svg
| map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=circled in rei|region=the [[Caribbean]]|region_color=licht yellae}}
| image_map1 = SSS Islands Map.png
| map_caption1 = Cairt shawin location o Saba relative tae [[Sint Eustatius]] an [[Saunt Martin]].
| motto = ''"Remis Velisque"'' <small>([[Laitin]])</small><br>''"Wi oars an sails"'' <small>([[Inglis leid|Inglis]])</small>
| anthem = ''"[[Saba you rise frae the ocean]]"''
| demographics_type1 = Leids
| demographics1_title1 = Offeecial
| demographics1_info1 = [[Dutch leid|Dutch]]
| demographics1_title2 = {{nowrap|Recognised regional}}
| demographics1_info2 = [[Inglis leid|Inglis]]<ref name=languages>English can be used in relations with the government<br>{{cite web|url=http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0028063/tekst_bevat_taal%2Bin%2Bhet%2Bbestuurlijk%2Bverkeer/geldigheidsdatum_14-10-2012|title=Invoeringswet openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba|language=Dutch|publisher=wetten.nl|accessdate=2012-10-14}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Kintra
| subdivision_name = [[Netherlands]]
| established_title = Incorporatit intae the&nbsp;Netherlands
| established_date = 10 October 2010 {{small|([[dissolution o the Netherlands Antilles]])}}
| government_footnotes = &nbsp;{{small|(see [[Politics o the Netherlands]])}}
| leader_title = [[Lieutenant govrenor|Lt.&nbsp;Govrenor]]
| leader_name = [[Jonathan G. A. Johnson|Jonathan Johnson]]
| seat_type = Capital<br/>{{small|(and largest city)}}
| seat = [[The Bottom]]
| coordinates = {{coord|17|38|N|63|15|W|display=inline}}
| area_magnitude = 1_E12
| area_total_km2= 13
| population_total = 1,991
| population_as_of = 2013<ref name="pop2013">{{cite web|url=http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?DM=SLEN&PA=80534eng&D1=0&D2=0&D3=a&D4=3&D5=8-11&LA=EN&VW=T|publisher=[[Statistics Netherlands]]|date=8 January 2013|accessdate=1 August 2013|title=Population of Dutch Caribbean (1 January); sex, age: Saba}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[Atlantic Standard Time|AST]]
| utc_offset = −4
| area_code_type = [[Telephone nummers in Curaçao and the Caribbean Netherlands|Calling code]]
| area_code = [[+599|+599-4]]
| blank_name_sec1 = Siller
| blank_info_sec1 = [[Unitit States dollar|U.S. dollar]] (<code>[[ISO 4217|USD]]</code>)
| blank_name_sec2 = [[Kintra code tap-level domain|Internet TLD]]
| blank_info_sec2 = [[.an]],<ref>The domain for the [[Netherlands Antilles]] haes remained active efter its dissolution. The [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2]] code BQ wis established for the entity "Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, Saba". ({{cite web|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/support/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists/iso-3166-1_decoding_table.htm#BQ|title=ISO 3166-1 decoding table|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|accessdate=2010-12-17|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225191705/https://www.iso.org/iso/support/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists/iso-3166-1_decoding_table.htm#BQ|url-status=dead}}) An Internet [[ccTLD]] haes houever nae been established bi the [[Internet Assigned Numbers Authority|IANA]], an it is unkent if it will be opened for registration.</ref> [[.nl]]
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:BQ|BQ-SA]], [[ISO 3166-2:NL|NL-BQ2]]
}}
'''Saba''' is a [[Caribbean]] [[island|isle]] an the smawest municipality o the [[Netherlands]].

{{Unsoorced}}
{{italic title}}{{speciesbox
| name = ''Carnotaurus''
| fossil_range = [[Late Cretaceous]] ([[Maastrichtian|Lower Maastrichtian]]), {{fossil range|72|69.9}}
| image = Carnotaurus, Chlupáč Museum, Prague-2.jpg
| image_caption = Muntit skeletal cast, [[Chlupáč Museum]], [[Prague]]
| image_caption_alt = Skeleton cast
| genus = Carnotaurus
| parent_authority = [[José Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1985
| species = sastrei
| authority = Bonaparte, 1985
}}
'''''Carnotaurus''''' is a [[genus]] o muckle [[Theropoda|theropod]] [[dinosaur]] that bade in [[Sooth Americae]].

A '''neologism''' is a [[wird]], [[terminology|term]], or [[phrase]] that haes been newlins shapit, aften tae applee tae new [[ideas]], tae jyne pre-exeestin ideas, or for tae mak aulder terminology soond mair modren. Neologisms is parteecular uissfu in identifeein [[upmaks]], new [[phenomena]], or auld ideas that haes taen on a new cultural context. The term ''[[e-mail]]'', as uised the day, is an ensaumple o a neologism.

'''Aerospace''' concerns the [[atmosphere]] o the [[Yird]] an [[space]] inby it.  Maistlins the wird is uised tae mean the industry that researches, designs, maks, rins, an maintains vehicles traivellin thro this [[Aircraft|air]] an [[Space exploration|space]].  Aerospace is a gey wide field, wi mony commercial, industrial an military uisses.

{{Italic title}}
'''''Ane Pleastant Satyre of the Thrie Estaitis''''' is a sateirical morality play wrate by Scots [[makar]] [[David Lyndsay]] an first pit on i 1552 i [[Lithgae]], though no prentit until 1602. Ane o the ''Satyre'''s disteinguishin features is is haein faircical comic, awmaist slapstick, interludes, that micht no hae been pairt o the oreiginal wark. The ''Satyre'' is the auldest survivin play i Scots, an is the ainlie survivn Scots play frae the Medieval period.

{{fixscots}}
, 1648.]]

'''''Katawa Shoujo''''' (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji" lang="ja">かたわ少女</span><span class="t_nihongo_comma" style="display:none">,</span> ''Katawa Shōjo''<sup class="t_nihongo_help noprint"><span class="t_nihongo_icon" style="color: #00e; font: bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration: none; padding: 0 .1em;">?</span></sup>, lit. "Cripple Lassies", owersett "Disabeelity Lassies") is a bishōjo-style visual novel bi Four Leaf Studios that tells a story o a young mannie an five young lasses bidin wi varyin disabilities.  The gemme uises a tradeetional text an sprite-based visual novel model wi an ADV-style text box rinnin on the Ren'Py visual novel ingine.  The gemme is licensed uner the Creative Commons [[Creative Commons license|CC-BY-NC-ND]].<ref><cite class="citation book" contenteditable="false">''Katawa Shoujo Act 1 Manual''. </cite></ref>

{{fixscots}}
{{italic title}}
{{taxobox
|name = Lavender
|image = Single lavender flower02.jpg
|image_caption = Lavender flouers wi [[bracts]]
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|unranked_divisio = [[Flowering plant|Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
|ordo = [[Lamiales]]
|familia = [[Lamiaceae]]
|subfamilia = [[Nepetoideae]]
|tribus = [[Lavanduleae]]
|genus = '''''Lavandula'''''
|synonyms_ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/synonomy.do?name_id=108966|title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|work=kew.org}}</ref>
|synonyms=*''Stoechas'' <small>Mill.</small>
*''Fabricia'' <small>Adans.</small>
*''Styphonia'' <small>Medik.</small>
*''Chaetostachys'' <small>Benth.</small> 
*''Sabaudia'' <small>Buscal. & Muschl.</small>
*''Isinia'' <small>Rech.f.</small>
|type_species = ''[[Lavandula angustifolia|Lavandula spica]]''
|type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|}}
'''''Lavandula''''' (common name '''lavender''') is a [[genus]] o 47 kent species o [[flouerin plant]]s in the mint [[Faimily (biology)|faimily]], [[Lamiaceae]]. It is [[native plant|native]] tae the [[Auld Warld]] an is foond frae [[Cape Verde]] an the [[Canary Islands]], Europe across tae northren an eastren Africae, the Mediterranean, soothwast Asie tae sootheast Indie. Mony members o the genus are cultivatit extensively in [[temperate climate]]s as [[ornamental plant]]s for gairden an laundscape uise, for uise as [[culinar yerb]]s, an an aa commercially for the extraction o [[essential ile]]s. The maist widely cultivatit species, ''[[Lavandula angustifolia]]'', is eften referred tae as lavender, an thare is a [[lavender (colour)|colour]] named for the shade o the flouers o this species.

An '''economist''' is a professional in the [[social sciences|social science]] discipline o [[economics]].

{{fixscots}}
|location_map_size=270px|location_map_caption=Location of Oldbury Nuclear Power Station in South Gloucestershire|country=Ingland, Unitit Kinrick|location=Sooth [[Gloucestershire]]|status=Closed|commissioned=1967|decommissioned=2012|owner=[[Nuclear Decommissioning Authority]]|operator=[[Magnox Ltd]]|ps_units_manu_model=[[Associated Electrical Industries]]<br>[[C. A. Parsons and Company]]|ps_units_decommissioned=2 X 217&nbsp;MW|ps_electrical_capacity=434 MW<br>626 MW (Planned)}}

{{Coord|64|N|150|W|region:US-AK_type:adm1st_scale:10000000|display=title|notes=<ref>{{Cite gnis|1785533|State of Alaska}}</ref>}}
</ref>
|DensityRank           = 50t
|2000Density           = 0.49
|2000DensityUS         = 1.26
|MedianHouseholdIncome = $75,112 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/median-annual-income/?currentTimeframe=0|work=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|title=Median Annual Household Income|accessdate=December 9, 2016}}</ref>
|IncomeRank            = 2nt
|AdmittanceOrder       = 49t
|AdmittanceDate        = Januar 3, 1959
|TimeZone              = [[Alaska Time Zone|Alaska]] - [[Coordinatit Universal Time|UTC]] [[Alaska Staundart Time|-9]]/[[Alaska Daylicht Time|-8]]
|TZ1Where              = east o 169° 30'
|TimeZone2             = [[Hawaii-Aleutian Time Zone|Aleutian]] - [[Coordinatit Universal Time|UTC]] [[Hawaii-Aleutian Staundart Time|-10]]/[[Hawaii-Aleutian Daylicht Time|-9]]
|TZ2Where              = wast o 169° 30'
|Latitude              = 51°20'N tae 71°50'N
|Longitude             = 130°W tae 172°E
|Width                 = 3,639
|WidthUS               = 2,261
|Length                = 2,285
|LengthUS              = 1,420
|HighestPoint = [[Denali]]<ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |title=Elevations and Distances in the United States |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |year=2001 |accessdate=October 21, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html |archivedate=October 15, 2011 |df=mdy }}</ref>
|HighestElev           = 6190.5
|HighestElevUS         = 20,310
|MeanElev              = 580
|MeanElevUS            = 1900
|LowestPoint           = 
|LowestElev            = 0
|LowestElevUS          = 0
|ISOCode               = US-AK
|Website               = www.alaska.gov
}}
'''Alaska''' (IPA: [əˈlæskə], [[Roushie leid|Roushie]]: Аляска) or '''Alaskie''' is a state in the [[Unitit States|Unitit States o Americae]], that is in the northwastern maist pairt o [[North Americae]]. It is the mucklest U.S. state an wis bocht frae [[Roushie]]. The laund in Alaska is kiverd wi muntains an can git fell cauld. The mucklest ceety in Alaska is [[Anchorage, Alaska|Anchorage]]. The name "Alaska" comes frae the [[Aleut leid|Aleut]] wird Alyeska, meanin "Laund that isna an island." Alaska haes mair coast nor aw o the tither U.S. states thegither. It is muckler nor aw o the [[kintra]]s in the warld cep the 18 mucklest anes. The state is neist tae [[Canadae]] an the [[Artic Ocean]].

| rr              = Sangil-dong
| mr              = Sangil-tong
| area_km2        = 2.65
| pop             = 33530
| popnote         = <ref name="encyber" />
| popyear         = 2001
| popden_km2      = 12653
| popdennote      = 
| divs            = 
| map             = 
|mapcaption       = 
}}

|birth_place      = [[Florence]], [[Republic o Florence]]
|death_date       = {{death date and age|1521|12|1|1475|12|11|df=y}}
|death_place      = [[Roum]], [[Papal States]]
|other            = Leo
}}
'''Pape Leo X''' (11 December 1475 – 1 December 1521), born '''Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici''', wis the [[Pape|heid]] o the [[Catholic Kirk]] frae 9 Mairch 1513 til his daith in 1521.<ref>{{cite web|title=The List of Popes.|work= The Catholic Encyclopedia|volume= 12|location= New York|publisher= Robert Appleton Company|year= 1911|accessdate= 4 April 2013|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12272b.htm}}</ref> The seicont son o [[Lorenzo the Magnificent]], ruler o the [[Florentine Republic]], he wis promuived tae the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 1489; subsequently promuivin tae the rank o [[cardinal-deacon]].

{{Year nav|1999}}

{{Coord|26|30|S|31|30|E|display=title}}
<br/>{{smaller|"We are a fortress"<br/>"We are a mystery/riddle"<br/>"We hide oorsels awey"}}
| national_anthem = <br/>{{nowrap|''[[Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso temaSwati]]''<br/>{{smaller|''Oh God, Bestower o the Blessins o the Swazi''}}}}<br /><center></center>
| image_map = Location Swaziland AU Africa.svg
| map_caption = {{map caption |countryprefix= |location_color=dark blue |region=Africae |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[African Union]] |subregion_color=light blue}}
| capital = [[Mbabane]] (executive)<br/>[[Lobamba]] (legislative)
| largest_city = [[Mbabane]]
| official_languages = {{hlist |[[Swazi leid|Swazi]] <br/>[[Sooth African Inglis|Inglish]]}}
| demonym = Swazi
| government_type = [[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Pairlamentar seestem|pairlamentar]] [[diarchy|diarchic]] [[absolute monarchy]]
| leader_title1 = [[Leet o Keengs o Swaziland|Keeng]]
| leader_name1 = [[Mswati III]]
| leader_title2 = ''[[Ndlovukati]]''
| leader_name2 = [[Ntfombi Tfwala]]
| leader_title3 = [[Leet o Prime Meenisters o Swaziland|Prime Meenister]]
| leader_name3 = [[Russell Dlamini]]
| legislature = [[Pairlament o Swaziland]]
| upper_house = [[Senate o Swaziland|Senate]]
| lower_house = [[Hoose o Assemmly o Swaziland|Hoose o Assemmly]]
| sovereignty_type = Unthirldom
| established_event1 = frae the [[Unitit Kinrick]]
| established_date1 = 6 September 1968
| established_event2 = [[Absolute monarchy]] & [[Constitution o Swaziland|current constitution]] 
| established_date2 = 1975
| area_km2 = 17,364
| area_rank = 153rd <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] -->
| area_sq_mi = 6,704 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
| percent_water = 0.9
| population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Swaziland}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
| population_census = 1,018,445
| population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}}
| population_estimate_rank = 154t
| population_census_year = 2007
| population_density_km2 = 68.2
| population_density_sq_mi = 176.8 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
| population_density_rank = 135t
| GDP_PPP = $11.352 billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=39&pr.y=15&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=734&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=|title=Swaziland |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_year = 2017
| GDP_PPP_rank =
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $9,896<ref name=imf2/>
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
| GDP_nominal = $3.938 billion<ref name=imf2/>
| GDP_nominal_year = 2017
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3,432<ref name=imf2/>
| Gini = 49.5 <!-- number only -->
| Gini_year = 2015
| Gini_change = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/10/20405098/swaziland-country-partnership-strategy-fy2015-2018 |title=Swaziland – Country partnership strategy FY2015-2018  |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=8 March 2015}}</ref>
| Gini_rank = 
| HDI = 0.541 <!--number only-->
| HDI_year = 2015 <!--Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
| HDI_change = steady <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|title=2016 Human Development Report|year=2016|accessdate=21 March 2017|publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}</ref>
| HDI_rank = 148t
| currency = {{smaller|[[Sooth African rand]]}}<br/>[[Swazi lilangeni]]
| currency_code = SZL
| time_zone = [[Sooth African Staundart Time|SAST]]
| utc_offset = +2
| utc_offset_DST =
| time_zone_DST = 
| drives_on = [[Richt- an caur-haund traffeck|caur]]
| calling_code = [[+268]]
| cctld = [[.sz]]
| area_magnitude = 1 E10
| country_code =
}}

|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Kabardino-Balkaria.svg
|coa_caption=[[Coat o airms o Kabardino-Balkarie]]
|image_flag=Flag of Kabardino-Balkaria.svg
|flag_caption=[[Flag o Kabardino-Balkarie]]
|anthem=[[Naitional Anthem o the Kabardino-Balkar Republic]]
|anthem_ref
|holiday
|holiday_ref
|political_status=Republic
|political_status_link=Republics o Roushie
|federal_district=[[North Caucasian Federal Destrict|North Caucasian]]
|economic_region=[[North Caucasus economic region|North Caucasus]]
|adm_ctr_type=Caipital
|adm_ctr_name=[[Nalchik]]
|adm_ctr_ref=<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/4338292.stm BBC:Country profile</ref>
|official_lang_list=[[Kabardian language|Kabardian]], [[Karachay-Balkar language|Balkar]]
|official_lang_ref=<ref name="Languages">Constitution, Article&nbsp;76.1</ref>
|pop_2010census=859939
|pop_2010census_rank=59t
|urban_pop_2010census=54.5%
|rural_pop_2010census=45.5%
|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census" />
|pop_density
|pop_density_as_of
|pop_density_ref
|pop_latest
|pop_latest_date
|pop_latest_ref
|area_km2=12500
|area_km2_rank=78t
|area_km2_ref
|established_date=5 Januar 1936
|established_date_ref
|license_plates=07
|ISO=RU-KB
|gov_as_of=March 2011
|leader_title=[[Preses o Kabardino-Balkarie|Preses]]
|leader_title_ref=<ref name="HeadLegis">Constitution, Article&nbsp;11.1</ref>
|leader_name=[[Arsen Kanokov]]
|leader_name_ref=<ref name="President">Official website of the President of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. [http://president-kbr.ru/president/biography.html Biography] {{ru icon}}</ref>
|legislature=[[Parliament o Kabardino-Balkarie|Parliament]]
|legislature_ref=<ref name="HeadLegis" />
|website=Nane
|website_ref
|date=August 2010
}}

{{chinese name|Mo}}

A '''Zen gairden''', a [[Japan]]ese kynd o Karesansui 枯山水 stane gairden, is a shauld saundpit conteenin saund, grush, stanes, whiles girse or ither naitral elements. Thay are uised bi Japanese Zen monks in meditation.

A '''hoose''' (or '''houss''') is a [[biggin]] that fowk bide in. It is kent as thair '''hame''' an aw. Fowk that dinnae huv a hoose are kent as [[hameless]] fowk.

</ref>
| established_by         = 
| preceded_by            = 
| origin                 = 
| lord_lieutenant_office = 
| lord_lieutenant_name   = 
| high_sheriff_office    = 
| high_sheriff_name      = 
| area_total_km2         = 3079
| area_total_rank        = 17t
| ethnicity              = 89.7% White Breetish<br />6.0% S. Asie<br />2.1% Ither White<br />0.9% Mixed<br />0.7% E. Asie an Ither<br />0.5% Black<br />{{small|2005 Estimates}}
| county_council         =  <br />Lancashire County Council<br />http://www.lancashire.gov.uk
| unitary_council        = 
| unitary_council1       = 
| government             = 
| joint_committees       = 
| admin_hq               = [[Preston, Lancashire|Preston]]
| area_council_km2       = 2903
| area_council_rank      = 16t
| iso_code               = GB-LAN
| ons_code               = 30
| gss_code               = 
| nuts_code              = UKD43
| districts_map          = 
| districts_key          = 
| districts_list         = #[[West Lancashire]]
#[[Chorley (burgh)|Chorley]]
#[[South Ribble]]
#[[Fylde (burgh)|Fylde]]
#[[City of Preston, Lancashire|City of Preston]]
#[[Wyre]]
#[[City of Lancaster]]
#[[Ribble Valley]]
#[[Pendle]]
#[[Burnley (borough)|Burnley]]
#[[Rossendale]]
#[[Hyndburn]]
#[[Blackpool]] (Unitar)
#[[Blackburn with Darwen]] (Unitar)
| MPs                    = *[[Jake Berry]] [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|(C)]]
*[[Julie Cooper (politeecian)|Julie Cooper]] [[Labour Pairty (UK)|(L)]]
*[[Rosie Cooper]] [[Labour Pairty (UK)|(L)]]
*[[Nigel Evans]] [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|(C)]]
*[[Seema Kennedy]] [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|(C)]]
*[[Mark Hendrick]] [[Labour Co-operative|(LC)]]
*[[Lindsay Hoyle]] [[Labour Pairty (UK)|(L)]]
*[[Gordon Marsden]] [[Labour Pairty (UK)|(L)]]
*[[Mark Menzies]] [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|(C)]]
*[[Paul Maynard]] [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|(C)]]
*[[David Morris (Conservative politeecian)|David Morris]] [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|(C)]]
*[[Cat Smith]] [[Labour Pairty (UK)|(L)]]
*[[Graham Jones (politeecian)|Graham Jones]] [[Labour Pairty (UK)|(L)]]
*[[Kate Hollern]] [[Labour Pairty (UK)|(L)]]
*[[Andrew Stephenson]] [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|(C)]]
*[[Ben Wallace (UK politeecian)|Ben Wallace]] [[Conservative Pairty (UK)|(C)]]
| police                 = 
| website                = 
}}

]]
The '''Qibla'''  ({{lang-ar|{{script|Arab|قبلة|}}}}, "direction"), an aa transliteratit as '''Qiblah''', '''Qibleh''', '''Kiblah''', '''Kıble''' or '''Kibla''', is the direction that should be faced when a [[Muslim]] [[prayer|prays]] durin ''[[salat]]''.

border
|caption      = Official Senate portrait of Sanders, 2007
|alongside    = [[Patrick Leahy]]
|jr/sr        = Unitit States Senator
|predecessor  = [[Jim Jeffords]]
|successor    =
|signature    = Bernie Sanders signature.svg
|district2    = {{ushr|VT|AL|at-lairge}}
|predecessor2 = [[Peter Plympton Smith]]
|state        = [[Vermont]]
|successor2   = [[Peter Welch]]
|party        = [[Liberty Union Party|Liberty Union]] {{small|(Afore 1979)}}<br/>[[Independent politeecian|Independent]] {{small|(1979–2015)}}<br/>[[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|Democratic]] {{small|(2015–present)}}[[#Pairty affiliation syne 2015|<sup>†</sup>]]
|office1      = Chairman o the [[United States Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs|Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs]]
|predecessor1 = [[Patty Murray]]
|successor1   = [[Johnny Isakson]]
|state2       = [[Vermont]]
|birth_name   = Bernard Sanders
|birth_date   = {{birth date and age|1941|9|8}}
|birth_place  = {{nowrap|[[Brooklyn]], [[New York Ceety]], U.S.}}
|death_date   = 
|spouse       = Deborah Shiling {{small|(1964–1966)}}<br/>[[Jane O'Meara Sanders|Jane O’Meara]] {{small|(1988–present)}}
|partner      = Susan Mott {{small|(1969)}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3155396/Bernie-Sanders-1960s-love-life-revealed-wife-woman-son-sugar-shack-home-lived-revolutionary.html |title=Democratic presidential candidate Bernie Sanders' 1960s love life revealed |date=Julie 9, 2015 |work=Mail Online}}</ref>
|children     = 1; 3 step-bairns
|residence    = [[Burlington, Vermont]], U.S.
|alma_mater   = [[Brooklyn College]] {{small|(1959–60)}}<br/>[[Varsity o Chicago]] {{small|(1960–64)}}
|website      = {{url|sanders.senate.gov|Senate wabsteid}}<br/>{{url|berniesanders.com|Campaign wabsteid}}
|term_start   = 3 Januar 2007
|term_end     =
|term_start1  = 3 Januar 2013
|term_end1    = 3 Januar 2015
|term_start2  = 3 Januar 1991
|term_end2    = 3 Januar 2007
|office3      = 37t [[Leet o mayors o Burlington, Vermont|Mayor]] o [[Burlington, Vermont|Burlington]]
|term_start3  = 6 Apryle 1981
|term_end3    = 4 Apryle 1989
|predecessor3 = Gordon Paquette
|successor3   = [[Peter Clavelle]]
|death_place  = 
}}
'''Bernard '''"'''Bernie'''"''' Sanders''' (born 8 September 1941) is an [[Americans|American]] politeecian. He is a [[Unitit States Senate|United States Senator]] frae [[Vermont]].  Afore servin in the Senate, he representit [[Vermont's at-lairge congressional destrict]] in the [[Unitit States Hoose o Representatives]] an servit as mayor o [[Burlington, Vermont]].

|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Kabardino-Balkaria.svg
|coa_caption=[[Coat o airms o Kabardino-Balkarie]]
|image_flag=Flag of Kabardino-Balkaria.svg
|flag_caption=[[Flag o Kabardino-Balkarie]]
|anthem=[[Naitional Anthem o the Kabardino-Balkar Republic]]
|anthem_ref
|holiday
|holiday_ref
|political_status=Republic
|political_status_link=Republics o Roushie
|federal_district=[[North Caucasian Federal Destrict|North Caucasian]]
|economic_region=[[North Caucasus economic region|North Caucasus]]
|adm_ctr_type=Caipital
|adm_ctr_name=[[Nalchik]]
|adm_ctr_ref=<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/4338292.stm BBC:Country profile</ref>
|official_lang_list=[[Kabardian language|Kabardian]], [[Karachay-Balkar language|Balkar]]
|official_lang_ref=<ref name="Languages">Constitution, Article&nbsp;76.1</ref>
|pop_2010census=859939
|pop_2010census_rank=59t
|urban_pop_2010census=54.5%
|rural_pop_2010census=45.5%
|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census" />
|pop_density
|pop_density_as_of
|pop_density_ref
|pop_latest
|pop_latest_date
|pop_latest_ref
|area_km2=12500
|area_km2_rank=78t
|area_km2_ref
|established_date=5 Januar 1936
|established_date_ref
|license_plates=07
|ISO=RU-KB
|gov_as_of=March 2011
|leader_title=[[Preses o Kabardino-Balkarie|Preses]]
|leader_title_ref=<ref name="HeadLegis">Constitution, Article&nbsp;11.1</ref>
|leader_name=[[Arsen Kanokov]]
|leader_name_ref=<ref name="President">Official website of the President of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. [http://president-kbr.ru/president/biography.html Biography] {{ru icon}}</ref>
|legislature=[[Parliament o Kabardino-Balkarie|Parliament]]
|legislature_ref=<ref name="HeadLegis" />
|website=Nane
|website_ref
|date=August 2010
}}

</ref>
|area_total_km2 = 206.01
|totalarea_sq_mi = 79.6
|area_land_km2 = 201.86
|landarea_sq_mi = 78.0
|area_water_km2 = 4.14
|waterarea_sq_mi = 1.6
|area_Metro_km2 = 
|metroarea_sq_mi = update
|population_as_of = [[2010 Unitit States Census|2010]]
|population_est = 297517
|pop_est_as_of = 2013
|pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="2013 Pop Estimate">{{cite web|title=Population Estimates|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2013/SUB-EST2013-3.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=December 2, 2014}}</ref>
|population_footnotes = <ref name="FactFinder">{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=January 6, 2013}}</ref>
|population_total = 296943
|population_rank = US: [[Leet o Unitit States ceeties bi population|65t]]
|population_urban = 1624827 (US: [[Leet o Unitit States urban auries|30t]])
|population_metro = 2,137,406 (US: [[Leet o Metropolitan Stateestical Auries|28t]])
|population_density_km2 = 1471.0
|population_blank1_title = [[Demonym]]
|population_blank1 = Cincinnatian
|population_density_sq_mi = 3809.9
|timezone_DST = EDT
|utc_offset_DST = -4
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
|postal_code = {{collapsible list
|title = Zip codes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/citytown.jsp|publisher=USPS|title=Zip Code Lookup|accessdate=December 2, 2014}}</ref>
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|list_style = text-align:center;display:none
|45201-45209, 45211-45255, 45258, 45262-45264, 45267-45271, 45273-45275, 45277, 45280, 45296, 45298-45299, 45999}}
|area_code = [[Aurie code 513|513]]
|area_code_type = [[North American Nummerin Plan|Aurie code]]
|timezone = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|EST]]
|utc_offset = -5
|timezone_dst = [[Eastren Daylicht Time|EDT]]
|utc_offset_dst = -4
|coordinates      = {{coord|39|6|N|84|31|W|region:US-OH_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|area_total_sq_mi = 79.54
|area_land_sq_mi = 77.94
|area_water_sq_mi = 1.60
|area_metro_sq_mi = 
|elevation_m = 147
|elevation_ft = 482
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 39-15000<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=January 31, 2008|title=American FactFinder}}</ref>
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] featur ID
|blank1_info = 1066650<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=January 31, 2008|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=October 25, 2007}}</ref>
|website = [http://cincinnati-oh.gov/ Ceety o Cincinnati]
|footnotes = 
}}
'''Cincinnati''' ({{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|n|s|ɨ|ˈ|n|æ|t|i}} {{respell|sin-si|NAT|ee}}) is a ceety in an the [[coonty seat]] o [[Hamilton Coonty, Ohio|Hamilton Coonty]], [[Ohio]], [[Unitit States]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|accessdate=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> 

{{short description|Airticle aboot the history o female Go players}}
This is an airticle aboot '''[[Female]] [[Go]] players'''.

A comprehensive '''warld view''' (or '''warldview''') is the fundamental cognitive orientation o an individual or society encompassin the entirety o the individual or society's knawledge an [[Perspective (cognitive)|pynt o view]].

{{fixscots}}{{stub}}]]
A modren '''torpedo''' is a sel-propelled wappen wi an explosive [[warheid]], launched abuin or ablo the watter surface, propelled unnerwattter taewart a target, an designed tae detonate aither on contact wi its target or in proximity tae it.

-{{ICD10|H|26||h|25}}, {{ICD10|H|28||h|25}}, {{ICD10|Q|12|0|q|12}}
|ICD9        = {{ICD9|366}}
|DiseasesDB  = 2179
|MedlinePlus = 001001
| eMedicineSubj  = 
| eMedicineTopic = 
| eMedicine_mult = {{EMedicine2|article|1210914}}
| MeSH         =D002386
}}
A '''cataract''' is a cloodin o the [[lens (anatomy)|lens]] in the [[ee]] which leads tae a [[veesual impairment|decrease in veesion]].<!-- <ref name=NIH2009/> --> Cataracts eften develop slawly an can affect ane or baith een.<!-- <ref name=NIH2009/> --> Symptoms mey include fadit colours, blurry veesion, halos aroond licht, tribble wi bricht lichts, an tribble seein at nicht.<ref name=NIH2009>{{cite web|title=Facts About Cataract|url=https://www.nei.nih.gov/health/cataract/cataract_facts|accessdate=24 May 2015|date=September 2009}}</ref>

|birth_place       = [[Los Angeles]], [[Californie]], U.S.
|death_date        = {{Death date and age|2008|5|15|1913|7|12}}
|death_place       = [[Tucson]], [[Arizona]], U.S.
|nationality       = Unitit States
|fields            = [[Physics]]
|workplaces        = [[Varsity o Arizona]]<br>[[Varsity o Oxford]]<br>[[Yale]]<br>[[Columbia Varsity|Columbia]]<br>[[Stanford]]
|alma_mater        = [[Varsity o Californie, Berkeley]]
|doctoral_advisor  = [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]] 
|academic_advisor  = 
|doctoral_students = [[Bernard T. Feld|Bernard Feld]] (1945)<br>[[Norman Myles Kroll|Norman Kroll]] (1948)<br>[[Theodore Maiman]] (1955)<br>[[Marlan Scully]] (1966)<br>[[Balázs László Győrffy]] (1966)<br>[[Frederick Hopf]]<br>[[Murray Sargent III]]<br>[[Stanley L. Kaufman]]<br>[[David Mader]]<br>[[Ralph Jacobs]]
|notable_students  = 
|known_for         = [[Lamb shift]]<br>[[laser|Laser Theory]]<br>[[Quantum Optics]]
|influences        = 
|influenced        = 
|awards            = {{nowrap|[[Nobel Prize in Physics]] (1955)  }}
}}
'''Willis Eugene Lamb Jr.''' (Julie 12, 1913 – Mey 15, 2008) wis an American [[physicist]] wha wan the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] in 1955 "for his discoveries concernin the fine structur o the hydrogen spectrum."

</ref> The A,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://clatl.com/atlanta/because-were-the-only-city-easily-identified-by-just-one-letter/Content?oid=4291994|title=Because we're the only city easily identified by just one letter|work=[[Creative Loafing]]|date=2011-11-23|accessdate=2012-10-07|archive-date=2012-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512230957/http://clatl.com/atlanta/because-were-the-only-city-easily-identified-by-just-one-letter/Content?oid=4291994|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The Gate City.<ref name=sunnysouth1891>{{cite news|url=http://atlnewspapers.galileo.usg.edu/atlnewspapers/view?docId=news%2Fssw1891%2Fssw1891-0021.xml|title=Our Quiz Column|work=Sunny South|page=5|access-date=2014-01-23|archive-date=2014-12-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218204849/http://atlnewspapers.galileo.usg.edu/atlnewspapers/view?docId=news%2Fssw1891%2Fssw1891-0021.xml|url-status=dead}}</ref> (See also [[Nicknames of Atlanta|article]])
| motto                    = ''Resurgens'' (Latin for ''rising again'')
| image_skyline            = View south from the Palomar Hotel, Atlanta GA.jpg
| imagesize                = 300px
| image_caption            = 
| image_flag               = Flag of Atlanta.svg
| flag_size                =
| image_seal               = Seal of Atlanta.png
| seal_size                =
| image_shield             =
| shield_size              =
| image_blank_emblem       =
| blank_emblem_type        =
| blank_emblem_size        =
| image_map                = Fulton County Georgia Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Atlanta Highlighted.svg
| mapsize                  = 250px
| map_caption              = Ceety heichlichtit in [[Fulton Coonty, Georgia|Fulton Coonty]], location o Fulton Coonty in the [[Georgie (U.S. state)|state o Georgie]]
| image_map1               =
| mapsize1                 =
| map_caption1             =
| image_dot_map            =
| dot_mapsize              =
| dot_map_caption          =
| dot_x                    =
| dot_y                    =
| pushpin_map              = USA
| pushpin_map_caption      = Location o the ceety o Atlanta, Georgie
<!-- Location ------------------>
| subdivision_type         = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[:en:List of counties in Georgia (U.S. state)|Coonties]]
| subdivision_name         = {{nowrap|{{flag|Unitit States}}}}
| subdivision_name1        = {{flagicon|Georgie (U.S. state)}} [[Georgie (U.S. state)|Georgie]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Fulton Coonty, Georgia|Fulton]], [[DeKalb Coonty, Georgia|DeKalb]]
| government_footnotes     =
| government_type          =
| leader_title             =[[Mayor]]
| leader_name              = [[{{#Property:P6}}]]
| leader_title1            = Bouk
| leader_name1             = [[Atlanta City Council]]
| leader_title2            = 
| leader_name2             =
| leader_title3            =
| leader_name3             =
| leader_title4            =
| leader_name4             =
| established_title        = Terminus
| established_date         = 1837
| established_title2       = Marthasville
| established_date2        = 1843
| established_title3       = City of Atlanta
| established_date3        = 29 Dizember 1845
<!-- Area    --------------------->
| area_magnitude           = 1 E8
| unit_pref                =  Imperial
| area_footnotes           =
| area_total_km2           = 343.0
| area_land_km2            = 341.2
| area_water_km2           = 1.8
| area_total_sq_mi         = 132.4
| area_land_sq_mi          = 131.8
| area_water_sq_mi         = 0.6
| area_water_percent       =
| area_urban_km2           =
| area_urban_sq_mi         = 1963
| area_metro_km2           =
| area_metro_sq_mi         = 8376
| area_blank1_title        =
| area_blank1_km2          =
| area_blank1_sq_mi        =
<!-- Population   ----------------------->
| population_as_of         = est. 2012
| population_most_beautiful_thing = J B
| population_footnotes     =
| population_note          =
| population_total         = 443,775
| population_density_km2   = 1230.9
| population_metro         = 5,457,831 ([[leet o metropolitan statistical auries|9t]])
| population_density_metro_km2     = 243
| population_urban                 = 4,975,300
| population_density_urban_km2     =
|population_blank1_title        = [[Combined statistical aurie|CSA]]
|population_blank1              = 6,092,295 ([[Table o Unitit States Combined Statistical Auries|11t]])
| population_blank2_title          = [[Demonym]]
| population_blank2                = Atlantan<ref>The term "Atlantans" is widely used by both [http://atlanta.bizjournals.com/atlanta/stories/2008/06/23/focus2.html local media] and [http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/weather/03/17/atlanta.tornado/index.html national media].</ref>
| population_density_blank1_km2    =
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi  =
<!-- General information  --------------->
| timezone                 = [[Eastren Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset               = -5
| timezone_DST             = [[Eastren Daylicht Time|EDT]]
| utc_offset_DST           = -4
| coordinates              = {{coord|33|45|18|N|84|23|24|W|region:US-GA|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes      = <!--for references: use<ref> </ref> tags-->
| elevation_m              = 225 to 320
| elevation_ft             = 738 to 1050
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
| area_code                = [[:en:Area code 404|404]], [[Aurie code 470|470]], [[Aurie code 678|678]], [[Aurie code 770|770]]
| postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code|ZIP code(s)]]
| postal_code              = 30060, 30301-30322, 30324-30334, 30336-30350, 30353
| blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info               = 13-04000{{GR|2}}
| blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info              = 0351615{{GR|3}}
| website                  = {{url|http://www.atlantaga.gov/}}
| footnotes                =
}}

In [[pheesical geografie]], a '''tundra''' is a [[biome]] where the [[tree]] growth is hindered by law temperatures an short growing sessions. The term ''tundra'' comes through Roushie тундра frae the [[Kildin Sami]] wird ''tūndâr'' "uplands", "treeless muntain tract".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kotus.fi/julkaisut/ikkunat/1999/kielii1999_19.shtml|title=Tunturista jängälle|work=Kieli-ikkunat|last=Aapala|first=Kirsti|accessdate=2009-01-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001211854/http://www.kotus.fi/julkaisut/ikkunat/1999/kielii1999_19.shtml|archivedate=2006-10-01|url-status=dead}}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001211854/http://www.kotus.fi/julkaisut/ikkunat/1999/kielii1999_19.shtml |date=2006-10-01 }}</ref> There are three types o tundra: '''arctic tundra''',<ref name="berkeley"/> '''alpine tundra''',<ref name="berkeley">{{cite web |title=The Tundra Biome |work=The World's Biomes |url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss5/biome/tundra.html |accessdate=2006-03-05}}</ref> an '''antarctic tundra'''.<ref name="wwf">{{cite web|title=Terrestrial Ecoregions: Antarctica|work=Wild World|url=http://www.nationalgeographic.com/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial_an.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/62am1PNdU?url=http://www.nationalgeographic.com/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial_an.html|archivedate=2011-10-21|publisher=National Geographic|accessdate=2009-11-02|url-status=live}}</ref> In a tundra, the [[arctic vegetation|vegetation]] is componed of dwarf [[shrubs]], [[Cyperaceae|sedges]] an [[Poaceae|grasses]], [[moss]]es, an [[lichen]]s. Scattered trees grow in some tundras. The [[ecotone]] (or ecological boondary region) atween the tundra an the forest is kent as the [[tree line]] or timberline.

|subdivision_type1      = Province
|subdivision_name1      = [[Chubut]]
|seat_type              =Caipital
|seat                   = [[José de San Martín, Chubut|José de San Martín]] 
|population_as_of       =2001
|population_total       = 5159 
|population_density_km2 = 0.35
|postal_code_type       = Post Code
|postal_code            = U9220 
|coordinates            = {{coord|44|01|S|70|28|W|region:AR|display=inline}}
|area_total_km2         = 14750   
|established_title      = 
|established_date       = 
|website=  
|}}
'''Tehuelches Depairtment''' is a  [[Depairtments o Argentinae|depairtment]] o [[Chubut]] Province in [[Argentinae]].

{{fixscots|date=Februar 2021}}

'''Abenomask''' is a Japanese political wird namit after [[Shinzo Abe]]. It is usit i [[Japan]] for twa meanings:<ref>{{Cite news |title=Japan's Coronavirus Mask Handout Tainted by Gripes Over Mould, Stains, Insects |newspaper=The [[New York Times]] |date=2020-04-22 |language=en |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/04/22/world/asia/22reuters-health-coronavirus-japan-masks.html |accessdate=2020-04-23 |archive-date=2020-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200424160907/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/04/22/world/asia/22reuters-health-coronavirus-japan-masks.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Abe faces calls for decisive action after 'Abenomask' blunder |newspaper=nikkei asia reviews |date=2020-04-03|language=en |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Coronavirus/Abe-faces-calls-for-decisive-action-after-Abenomask-blunder|accessdate=2020-04-23}}</ref><ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/japans-abe-taken-to-task-over-itsy-bitsy-masks-11587469588 Japan’s Abe Taken to Task Over Itsy-Bitsy Masks] (''The Wall Street Journal'', 2020.4.21); [https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/02/asia/japan-coronavirus-shinzo-abe-masks-hnk-intl/index.html Anger as Japanese Prime Minister offers two cloth masks per family while refusing to declare coronavirus emergency] ([[CNN]], 2020.4.2); [https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/east-asia/article/3078113/coronavirus-japan-pm-gets-social-media-roasting-offering-free Coronavirus: Japan PM gets social media roasting for offering free cloth masks] (''South China Morning Post'', 2020.4.2); [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-japan-masks/two-masks-no-lockdown-japan-pms-latest-coronavirus-step-riles-social-media-idUSKBN21K0CQ Two masks, no lockdown: Japan PM's latest coronavirus step riles social media] ([[Reuters]], 2020.4.2)</ref><ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-02/from-abenomics-to-abenomask-japan-mask-plan-meets-with-derision From Abenomics to Abenomask: Japan Mask Plan Meets With Derision] (Bloomberg, 2020.4.2); [https://www.france24.com/en/20200417-you-ve-got-mail-abenomask-distribution-starts-in-japan You've got mail: 'Abenomask' distribution starts in Japan] (France 24, 2020.4.17); [https://www.foxnews.com/world/coronavirus-japan-abenomask-april-fools-joke-outbreak-mask-per-home Coronavirus measure in Japan of 2 masks per home taken as April Fool's joke, mocked as 'Abenomask'] ([[Fox News]], 2020.4.2)</ref>

{{fixscots}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|early Cambrian|recent|ref=<ref name="Jell 1980">
{{cite journal| doi = 10.1080/03115518008618934| last = Jell| first = Peter A.| year = 1980| title = Earliest known pelecypod on Earth&nbsp;— a new Early Cambrian genus from South Australia| journal = Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology| volume = 4| issue = 3| pages = 233–239| ref = harv
}}
</ref><ref name="Runnegar Bentley 1983">
{{cite journal| last1 = Runnegar | first1 = B.| last2 = Bentley | first2 = C.| date=January 1983 | title = Anatomy, ecology and affinities of the Australian early Cambrian bivalve ''Pojetaia runnegari'' Jell| journal = Journal of Paleontology| volume = 57| issue = 1| pages = 73–92| jstor = 1304610 | url = http://jpaleontol.geoscienceworld.org/content/57/1_Part_I/73.abstract | ref = harv}}
</ref>}}
| image = Haeckel Acephala.jpg
| image_alt = [[Ernst Haeckel]]'s "Acephala"
| image_caption = "Acephala", frae [[Ernst Haeckel]]'s ''[[Kunstformen der Natur]]'' (1904)
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]]
| subdivision_ranks = Subgroups
| subdivision = 
}}
'''Bivalvia''', in previous centuries referred tae as the '''Lamellibranchiata''' an '''Pelecypoda''', is a [[cless (biology)|cless]] o marine an freshwatter [[Mollusca|molluscs]] that hae laterally compressed bouks enclosed bi a shell conseestin o twa hinged pairts.  '''Bivalves''' as a group hae na heid an they lack some uisual molluscan organs lik the [[radula]] an the [[odontophore]].

The '''Naitional Alliance''' is a [[white separatist]] politeecal organisation. It wis foondit bi [[William Luther Pierce]] in 1974, an is based in the Pierce faimily's compound in [[Hillsboro, Wast Virginia|Hillsboro]], [[Wast Virginia]].  Awtho it operates primarily in the [[Unitit States]], the Naitional Alliance claims tae hae members in various kintras aw throughoot the warld. Membership is no based upon citizenship in ony parteecular kintra, but ae upon aw-white, non-Jewish [[European ethnic groups|European]] ancestry. The Naitional Alliance is aften includit in leets o [[neo-Nazi]] groups bi thair politeecal rivals, in pairt due tae its alleged glorification o [[Adolf Hitler]]. For ensaumple, wi'in an airticle appearin in a 1989 issue o ane o its magazines ''[[Naitional Vanguard (publication)|Naitional Vanguard]]'' haed celebratit the 100t anniversary o Hitler's birth, declarin him "the greatest man o oor era".

{{multiple image|direction=vertical|align=right|image1=1e7m comparison Uranus Neptune Sirius B Earth Venus.png|image2=1e6m comparison Mars Mercury Moon Pluto Haumea - no transparency.png|width=300|caption2=Planetary-sized objects tae scale:  <br /> Tap row: [[Uranus]] an [[Neptune]];  <br /> seicont row: [[Yird]], [[white dwarf]] starn [[Sirius B]], [[Venus]];  <br /> bottom row (reproduced an enlarged in lawer image) – above: [[Maurs]] an [[Mercur (planet)|Mercur]];  <br /> belaw: the [[Muin]], [[dwarf planets]] [[Pluto]] an [[Haumea (dwarf planet)|Haumea]]}}

{{Itheruises|the ainimal|the airticle aboot roads (an it's auld farrant spellin gait)|Gate}}
{{subspeciesbox
| name = Domestic gait
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|.01|0}} [[Neolithic]] – Recent
| status = DOM
| image = Hausziege 04.jpg
| image_caption = A [[pygmy gait]] on a [[Tree stump|stump]]
| genus = Capra
| species = aegagrus
| species_link = Wild gait
| subspecies = hircus
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]])
| synonyms = ''Capra hircus'' {{small|Linnaeus,&nbsp;1758}}<br/>
''Capra depressa'' {{small|Linnaeus,&nbsp;1758}}<br/>
''Capra mambrica'' {{small|Linnaeus,&nbsp;1758}}<br/>
''Capra reversa'' {{small|Linnaeus,&nbsp;1758}}
}}
The '''gait''' (''Capra aegagrus hircus'') is for ordinar kent as a hamelt breed o the wild gait frae soothwast [[Asie]] an Eastren [[Europe]]. The gait is aucht the ''Bovidae'' faimlie an is gey sib tae the sheep, baith bein pairt o the gait an antelope subfaimlie ''Caprinae''.
{{Commonscat|Capra aegagrus hircus}}

{{fixscots|date=Dizember 2020}}

{{Speciesbox
| taxon = Allium cepa
| image = Mixed onions.jpg
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|synonyms=
{{collapsible list|bullets = true
|title=<small>Species synonymy</small>
|''Allium angolense'' <small>Baker</small>
|''Allium aobanum'' <small>Araki</small>
|''Allium ascalonicum'' <small>auct.</small>
|''Allium ascalonicum'' var. ''condensum'' <small>Millán  </small>
|''Allium ascalonicum'' var. ''fertile'' <small>Millán</small>
|''Allium ascalonicum'' f. ''rotterianum'' <small>Voss ex J.Becker</small>
|''Allium ascalonicum'' var. ''sterile'' <small>Millán</small>
|''Allium cepa'' var. ''aggregatum'' <small>G.Don</small>
|''Allium'' cepa var. ''anglicum'' <small>Alef.</small>
|''Allium cepa'' var. ''argenteum'' <small>Alef.</small>
|''Allium cepa'' var. ''bifolium'' <small>Alef.</small>
|''Allium cepa'' var. ''crinides'' <small>Alef.</small>
|''Allium cepa'' var. ''flandricum'' <small>Alef.</small>
|''Allium cepa'' var. ''globosum'' <small>Alef.</small>
|''Allium cepa'' var. ''hispanicum'' <small>Alef.</small>
|''Allium cepa'' var. ''jamesii'' <small>Alef.</small>
|''Allium cepa'' var. ''lisboanum'' <small>Alef.</small>
|''Allium cepa'' var. ''luteum'' <small>Alef.</small>
|''Allium cepa'' var. ''multiplicans'' <small>L.H.Bailey</small>
|''Allium cepa'' var. ''portanum'' <small>Alef.</small>
|''Allium cepa'' var. ''praecox'' <small>Alef.</small>
|''Allium cepa'' var. ''rosum'' <small>Alef.</small>
|''Allium cepa'' var. ''sanguineum'' <small>Alef</small>.
|''Allium cepa'' var. ''solaninum'' <small>Alef.</small>
|''Allium cepa'' var. ''tripolitanum'' <small>Alef.</small>
|''Allium cepa'' var. ''viviparum'' <small>(Metzg.) Alef.</small>
|''Allium cepaeum'' <small>St.-Lag.</small>
|''Allium commune'' <small>Noronha</small>
|''Allium cumaria'' <small>Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.</small>
|''Allium esculentum'' <small>Salisb.</small>
|''Allium napus'' <small>Pall. ex Kunth</small>
|''Allium nigritanum'' <small>A.Chev.</small>
|''Allium pauciflorum'' <small>Willd. ex Ledeb.</small>
|''Allium salota'' <small>Dostál</small>
|''Ascalonicum sativum'' <small>P.Renault</small>
|''Cepa alba'' <small>P.Renault</small>
|''Cepa esculenta'' <small>Gray</small>
|''Cepa pallens'' <small>P.Renault</small>
|''Cepa rubra'' <small>P.Renault</small>
|''Cepa vulgaris'' <small>Garsault</small>
|''Kepa esculenta'' <small>Raf.</small>
|''Porrum cepa'' <small>(L.) Rchb.</small>
}}
|synonyms_ref=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-295261|title=Allium  cepa   L. — The Plant List|work=theplantlist.org|access-date=2017-06-21|archive-date=2017-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722182348/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-295261|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
An '''ingan''' (''Allium cepa'' L., frae Laitin ''cepa'' "ingan") is a [[vegetable]] o the genus ''[[Allium]]'' weel uised in ceukin.

{{Taxobox
|name = Laurales
|image =  Laurus nobilis MHNT Fleurs.jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Laurus nobilis]]'' flouers an leafs
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperm]]s
|unranked_classis = [[Magnoliid]]s
|ordo = '''Laurales'''
|ordo_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]] ''ex'' [[Friedrich von Berchtold|Bercht.]] & [[Jan Svatopluk Presl|J.Presl]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract |format=PDF |accessdate=2013–07–06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |archive-date=2017-05-25 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525104318/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x/abstract |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|subdivision_ranks = Faimilies
|subdivision = [[Atherospermataceae]]<br>
[[Calycanthaceae]]<br>
[[Gomortegaceae]]<br>
[[Hernandiaceae]]<br>
[[Lauraceae]]<br>
[[Monimiaceae]]<br>
[[Siparunaceae]]
}}

]]
A '''binch''' is a piece o [[furnitur]], on that several fowk mey sit at the same time. Binches are typically made o wid, but mey an aa be made o metal, stane, or seenthetic materials. Mony binches hae airm an back rests; some hae na back rest an can be sat on frae either side. In American public auries, binches are eften donatit bi persons or associations, that mey then be indicatit on it, e.g. bi a smaa [[Commemorative plaque|plaque]]. Binches are uised baith ootduirs an induirs.

| birth_place = [[Bosco Marengo|Bosco]], [[Duchy o Milan]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1572|5|1|1504|1|17|df =y}}
| death_place = [[Roum]], [[Papal States]]
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|[[Bishopric o Sutri an Nepi|Bishop o Sutri an Nepi]] (1556–1557)|[[Santa Maria sopra Minerva|Cardinal-Priest o Santa Maria sopra Minerva]] (1557–1561)|[[Santa Sabina|Cardinal-Priest o Santa Sabina]] (1561–1566)|Bishop o Mondovi (1560–1566)|Secretar o the [[Congregation for the Doctrine o the Faith|Supreme Saucrit Congregation o the Roman an Universal Inquiseetion]] (1564–1566)}}
| motto = ''Utinam dirigantur viæ meæ ad custodiendas justificationes tuas'' (O that ma weys mey be directit tae keep thy juistifications)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3evK2TwePkoC&pg=PA87&lpg=PA87&dq=Utinam+dirigantur+vi%C3%A6+me%C3%A6+ad+custodiendas+pius+v&source=bl&ots=o2g8j-CePS&sig=0p9_oE1g5ACGKTEAbADrQRnLF1c&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-3K34tsjLAhVmt4MKHXg-AmgQ6AEINDAE#v=onepage&q=Utinam%20dirigantur%20vi%C3%A6%20me%C3%A6%20ad%20custodiendas%20pius%20v&f=false|title=Bullarium Canonicorum regularium Rhenanæ congregationis sanctissimi ... - Canonici regolari di sant'Agostino : Congregazione del santissimo Salvatore - Google Books|publisher=Google Books|accessdate=17 March 2016}}{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1_EwSwoiGNAC&pg=PA665&lpg=PA665&dq=Utinam+dirigantur+vi%C3%A6+me%C3%A6+ad+custodiendas+pius+v&source=bl&ots=J_n2kXr6ad&sig=mCicwjQtK6Wr_V33TbN0XEwoAEo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-3K34tsjLAhVmt4MKHXg-AmgQ6AEIKzAC#v=onepage&q=Utinam%20dirigantur%20vi%C3%A6%20me%C3%A6%20ad%20custodiendas%20pius%20v&f=false|title=R.P.D. Thomae Del Bene clerici regularis, ... De officio S. Inquisitionis ... - Google Books|publisher=Google Books|accessdate=17 March 2016}}{{cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ps%20118%3A5&version=VULGATE;DRA|title=Ps 118:5 VULGATE;DRA - utinam dirigantur viae meae ad - Bible Gateway|publisher=Bible Gateway|accessdate=17 March 2016}}</ref></small>
| coat_of_arms = C o a Pius V.svg
| other = Pius
| feast_day = {{unbulleted list|30 Apryle ([[General Roman Calendar]])|5 Mey (1713–1969 Calendars)}}
| venerated = [[Catholic Kirk]]
| saint_title = 
| beatified_date = 1 May 1672
| beatified_place = 
| beatified_by = [[Pape Clement X]]
| canonized_date = 22 Mey 1712
| canonized_place = 
| canonized_by = [[Pape Clement XI]]
| attributes = {{unbulleted list|Dominican habit|Papal vestments|[[Papal tiara]]|[[Crucifix]]|[[Book]]}}
| patronage = {{unbulleted list|[[Valletta]], [[Maltae]]|Bosco Marengo, Italy|[[Pietrelcina]], Italy|[[Roccaforte Mondovi]]|[[Roman Catholic Diocese o Alessandria|Diocese o Alessandria]]}}
| shrine = 
}}
'''Saunt Pius V''', né '''Antonio Ghislieri''', fae 1518 cried '''Michele Ghislieri''' ([[17 Januar]], 1504 – [[1 Mey]], 1572) wis [[Pape]] fae 1566 tae 1572 an is a [[saunt]] o the [[Roman Catholic Kirk]]. Airlie on inrowed intae the [[Inquiseetion]], as Pape he wis a fell pursuer o heretics an [[Protestants]].

| subdivision_type1       = Autonomous Region
| subdivision_name1       = {{flag|Madeira|name=Madeira}}
| subdivision_type2       = Island
| subdivision_name2       = [[Madeira Island|Madeira]]
| subdivision_type3       = 
| subdivision_name3       = 
| subdivision_type4       = 
| subdivision_name4       = 
| parts_type              = Ceevil Pairishes
| p2                      = [[Imaculado Coração de Maria]]
| p3                      = [[Monte (Funchal)|Monte]]
| p4                      = [[Santa Luzia (Funchal)|Santa Luzia]]
| p5                      = [[Santa Maria Maior (Funchal)|Santa Maria Maior]]
| p6                      = [[Santo António (Funchal)|Santo António]]
| p7                      = [[São Gonçalo (Funchal)|São Gonçalo]]
| p8                      = [[São Martinho (Funchal)|São Martinho]]
| p9                      = [[São Pedro (Funchal)|São Pedro]]
| p10                     = [[São Roque (Funchal)|São Roque]]
| p11                     = [[Sé (Funchal)|Sé]]Caveira
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| image_map               = 
| map_caption             = 
| pushpin_map             = Portugal Madeira#North Atlantic
| pushpin_relief          = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location o the [[municipality]] o Funchal in the Madeiran airchipelago 
| coordinates             = {{coord|32|39|N|16|55|W|display=it}}
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| leader_title            = Mayor
| leader_name             = [[Paulo Cafôfo]]
| government_type         = [[Local admeenistrative unit|LAU]]
| governing_body          = [[Câmara Municipal]]
<!-- established -->
| established_title       = Settlement
| established_date        = c.1424
| established_title2      = Toun
| established_date2       = c.1452–1454
| established_title3      = Municipality
| established_date3       = c.1508
<!-- area -->
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_total_km2          = 76.15
| area_total_sq_mi        = 
| area_land_sq_mi         = 
| area_water_sq_mi        = 
<!-- elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_ft            = 
<!-- population -->
| population_as_of        = 2011
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = 111892
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_density_sq_mi=
| population_demonym      = 
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| timezone1               = [[Wastren European Time|WET]]
| utc_offset1             = 0
| timezone1_DST           = [[Wastren European Simmer Time|WEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +1
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| postal_code_type        = Postal Zone
| postal_code             = 9000
| area_code_type          =  
| area_code               = (+351) 291 XXX-XXX
| geocode                 = 
| iso_code                = 
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website                 = {{URL|http://www.cm-funchal.pt}}
| footnotes               = 
}}
'''Funchal''' [{{IPA|fũˈʃaɫ}}] is the lairgest ceety, the municipal seat an the caipital o [[Portugal]]'s [[Madeira|Autonomous Region o Madeira]]. The ceety haes a population o 111,892<ref>[http://www.ine.pt/scripts/flex_v10/Main.html] Nuno Pires Soares, Instituto Geográfico Português (Geographic Institute of Portugal)</ref> an haes been the caipital o Madeira for mair nor five centuries.

{{Taxobox
|name = Oxalidales
|image = Ceratopetalum apetalum.jpg
|image_caption = ''Ceratopetalum apetalum''
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
|ordo = '''Oxalidales'''
|ordo_authority = [[Friedrich von Berchtold|Bercht.]] & [[Jan Svatopluk Presl|J.Presl]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract |format=PDF |accessdate=2013–07–06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |archive-date=2017-05-25 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525104318/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x/abstract |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|subdivision_ranks = Faimilies
|subdivision = 
*[[Brunelliaceae]]
*[[Cephalotaceae]]
*[[Connaraceae]]
*[[Cunoniaceae]]
*[[Elaeocarpaceae]]
*[[Huaceae]]
*[[Oxalidaceae]]

| birth_place      = [[Düsseldorf]], [[Rhine Province]], [[Free State o Proushie|Proushie]], [[Weimar Republic|Germany]]
| region           = [[Wastren Philosophy]]
| era              = [[Contemporary philosophy]]
| school_tradition = {{hlist| [[Continental philosophy]] | [[Creetical theory]] }}
| alma_mater       = 
| main_interests   = {{hlist| [[Social theory]] | [[Epistemology]] | [[Poleetical theory]] | [[Pragmatics]] }}
| notable_ideas    = {{hlist| [[Communicative rationality]] | [[Post-metaphysical philosophy]] | [[Discoorse ethics]] | [[Deliberative democracy]] | [[Universal pragmatics]] | [[Communicative action]] | [[The Structural Transformation o the Public Sphere|The structural transformation o the public sphere]] | The seestem–[[lifewarld]] distinction | Creetique o subject-centred raison | [[Structuralism#Interpretations an general creeticisms|Creeticism o structuralism]] | [[Performative contradiction]] | [[Constitutional patriotism]] }}
| signature = Jürgen Habermas signature.jpg
| influences       = {{hlist| [[Max Weber|Weber]] | [[Émile Durkheim|Durkheim]] | [[George Herbert Mead|Mead]] | [[Karl Marx|Marx]] | [[Wilhelm Dilthey|Dilthey]] | [[Talcott Parsons|Parsons]] | [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]] | [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Hegel]] | [[Martin Heidegger|Heidegger]] | [[Jean Piaget|Piaget]] | [[Max Horkheimer|Horkheimer]] | [[Theodor W. Adorno|Adorno]] | [[Herbert Marcuse|Marcuse]] | [[Ludwig Wittgenstein|Wittgenstein]] | [[Charles Sanders Peirce|Peirce]] | [[J. L. Austin|Austin]] | [[Wolfgang Abendroth]] }}
| influenced       = {{hlist| [[Claus Offe|Offe]] | [[Axel Honneth|Honneth]] | [[Thomas A. McCarthy|McCarthy]] | [[Hans-Hermann Hoppe|Hoppe]] | [[Seyla Benhabib|Benhabib]] | [[Nancy Fraser|Fraser]] }}
| spouse = Ute Wesselhöft
}}
'''Jürgen Habermas''' ({{IPA-de|ˈjʏrɡn̩ ˈhaːbɐmaːs|lang}};<ref>Max Mangold and Dudenredaktion: ''Duden Aussprachewörterbuch.'' In: ''Der Duden in zwölf Bänden.'' Volume 6, 6th edition, Dudenverlag, Mannheim/Leipzig/Wien/Zürich 2005 ISBN 978-3-411-04066-7, "Jürgen" p. 446 and "Habermas" p. 383.</ref> born 18 Juin 1929) is a German [[sociology|sociologist]] an philosopher in the tradeetion o [[creetical theory]] an [[pragmatism]]. He is aiblins best kent for his theories on [[communicative raitionality]] an the [[public sphere]]. In 2014, [[Prospect (magazine)|Prospect]] readers waled Habermas as ane o thair favourites amang the "warld's leadin thinkers."<ref name="prospectmagazine.co.uk">{{cite news|url=http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/features/world-thinkers-2014-the-results|title=World thinkers 2014: The results|author=Serena Kutchinsky|date=23 April 2014|publisher=Prospect Magazine|quote=12. Jürgen Habermas, philosopher|access-date=2017-03-26|archive-date=2019-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928151452/http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/features/world-thinkers-2014-the-results|url-status=dead}}</ref>

'''Islamic fundamentalism''' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: ''usul'', the "fundamentals") is a term uisit tae describe releegious ideologies seen as advocatin a return tae the "fundamentals" o [[Islam]]: the [[Quran]] an the [[Sunnah]]. Definitions o the term vary. Accordin tae Christine L. Kettel, it is deemit problematic bi those who suggest that Islamic belief requires aw Muslims tae be fundamentalists,<ref>Bernard, Lewis, ''Islam and the West,'' New York : Oxford University Press, c1993.</ref> an bi ithers as a term uisit bi ootsiders tae describe perceivit trends athin Islam.<ref>" 'The Green Peril': Creating the Islamic Fundamentalist Threat," Leon T. Hadar, ''Policy Analysis,''  Cato Institute, August 27, 1992.</ref> Exemplary figures of Islamic fundamentalism who are also termed [[Islamists]] are [[Sayyid Qutb]], [[Mawdudi|Abul Ala Mawdudi]] and [[Israr Ahmad]].<ref>Esposito, ''Voices of Resurgent Islam'' ISBN: [http://www.amazon.com/dp/019503340X 019503340X]</ref> Economist [[Eli Berman]] argues that '''Radical Islam''' is a better term for mony post-1920s muivements stairtin wi The [[Muslim Britherhuid]], acause these movements are seen tae practice "unprecedentit extremism", thus no qualifyin as return tae historic fundamentals.<ref>Eli Berman, [http://econ.ucsd.edu/~elib/tamir.pdf Hamas, Taliban and the Jewish Underground: An Economist’s View of Radical Religious Militias], UC San Diego National Bureau of Economic Research. August 2003, page 4</ref>

The '''Scots Leid Associe''' (kent in Inglis as the '''Scots Language Society''') is a bodie that warks for the furdal o the [[Scots leid]] in "leiterature, drama, the media, education an ilka day uiss".  It wis foundit in 1972, an haes about 350 memmers the nou.

{{fixscots|date=September 2020}}

in the [[Swiss Alps]] ([[Swiss Naitional Pairk|Naitional Pairk]])]]
A '''forest''', an aa referred tae as a '''wid''' or the '''wids''', is an aurie wi a heich density o [[trees]]. As wi ceeties, dependin on various cultural defineetions, what is considered a forest mey vary signeeficantly in size an hae different classifications accordin tae hou an o whit the forest is componed.<ref>Lund, H. Gyde (coord.) 2006. 'Definitions of Forest, Deforestation, Afforestation, and Reforestation'. Gainesville, VA: Forest Information Services. Available from: [http://home.comcast.net/~gyde/DEFpaper.htm ComcastNet-gyde].</ref>  A forest is uisually an aurie filled wi trees but ony taw densely packed aurie o vegetation mey be considered a forest, even unnerwatter vegetation sic as [[kelp forest]]s, or non-vegetation sic as [[fungi]],<ref>{{Cite book
  | last = Stamets
  | first = Paul
  | authorlink = Paul_Stamets
  | title = Mycelium Running
  | url = https://archive.org/details/myceliumrunningh00stam_0
  | publisher = Ten Speed Press
  | year = 2005
  | page = [https://archive.org/details/myceliumrunningh00stam_0/page/35 35]
  | isbn = 1-58008-579-2}}</ref> an [[bacteria]].  Tree forests kiver approximately 9.4 percent o the [[Yird]]'s surface (or 30 percent o tot land aurie), tho thay ance covered much mair (aboot 50 percent o tot land aurie).  Thay function as [[habitat (ecology)|habitat]]s for organisms, [[watter cycle|hydrologic flow]] [[modulator]]s, an [[syle]] conservers, constitutin ane o the maist important aspects o the [[biosphere]].

A '''temperatur''' is a numerical measure o het or cauld. Its measurement is bi detection o heat radiation or pairticle velocity or kinetic energy, or bi the bulk behavior o a [[thermometer|thermometric]] material. It mey be [[calibration|calibratit]] in ony o sindry [[Temperatur conversion formulas|temperatur scales]], Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, etc. The fundamental pheesical defineetion o temperatur is providit bi [[thermodynamics]].

[[Image:22 Regen ubt.jpeg|thumb|230px|right|
A rain onfaw]]
'''Rain''' ('''Weet''', or '''Onfaw''') is a kynd o precipitation, ither o whilk includes [[snaw]], [[sleet]], [[hail]], an [[dyow]]. Weet is makkit whan sinder dribs o watter faw tae the yird's surface fae [[clood]]s. No aw rain launds on the grund; some evaporates whan onfawin throu the drouthie lift. Whan nane o hit launds on the grund, hit is cried virga.
{{Commonscat}}

'''Karl Marx''' ([[5 Mey|5t Mey]] [[1818]] in [[Trier]], [[Germany]] – [[14 Mairch|14t Mairch]] [[1883]] in [[Lunnon]], [[UK]]) wis a [[Germany|German]] [[Philosophie|philosopher]] and poleitical thinker that wrat aboot [[economics]] an [[politics]]. Ane o his first beuks wis the ''[[Communist Manifesto]]'', written thegither wi [[Friedrich Engels]] in [[1848]]. In this beuk thay set oot the ideas an ettles o the [[Communism|Communist]] muvement for the first time. His theories wis gien the name [[Marxism]] efterhaund, baith bi thaim that gree'd wi him an thaim that criticeesed him.

'''Lufthansa Technik AG''' (Lufthansa Technology, short “LHT”) is a leadin manufacturer-independent provider o maintenance, repair an owerhaul (MRO) services for aircraft, ingines an components. The Lufthansa Technik Group consists o 32 companies wi mair nor 25.500 employees. It is a 100% subsidiar o [[Lufthansa|Lufthansa Group]].

{{other uses}}
{{infobox UK place|
|country =                 Ingland
|region=                   London
|official_name=            Kensington
|coordinates = {{coord|51.500|-0.190|display=inline,title}}
|london_borough=           Kensington and Chelsea
|constituency_westminster= [[Kensington (UK Pairlament constituency)|Kensington]]
|post_town=                LONDON
|postcode_district =       SW7, SW5
|postcode_district1=       W8, W14
|postcode_area=            SW
|postcode_area1=           W
|dial_code=                020
|os_grid_reference=        TQ255795
|static_image_name=        Kensington Buildings.JPG
|static_image_caption=
|population=
|population_ref=
}}
'''Kensington''' is a [[destrict]] o wast [[Lunnon]], [[Ingland]], athin the [[Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea]]. Its commercial hert is [[Kensington High Street]].  This affluent an densely populatit aurie conteens the well-kent museum destrict o [[South Kensington]].

{{Taxobox
| name               = Fir
| fossil_range       = {{Fossil range|49|0}}<ref name="Schorn01">{{cite journal|author=Schorn, Howard|author2=Wehr, Wesley| date=1986| title=Abies milleri, sp. nov., from the Middle Eocene Klondike Mountain Formation, Republic, Ferry County, Washington| journal=Burke Museum Contributions in Anthropology and Natural History| volume=1 | pages = 1–7}}</ref>
| image              = Abies koreana (szyszki).JPG
| image_caption      = [[Abies koreana|Korean fir]] (''Abies koreana'') cones an foliage
| regnum             = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio            = [[Pinophyta]]
| classis            = [[Pinophyta|Pinopsida]]
| ordo               = [[Pinales]]
| familia            = [[Pinaceae]]
| genus              = '''''Abies'''''
| genus_authority    = [[Philip Miller|Mill.]]
| subdivision_ranks  = Species
| subdivision        = 
}}
'''Firs''' ('''''Abies''''') are a [[genus]] o 48–56 [[species]] o [[evergreen]] [[Pinophyta|coniferous]] [[tree]]s in the [[faimily (biology)|faimily]] [[Pinaceae]]. Thay are foond throu muckle o [[North Americae|North]] an [[Central Americae]], [[Europe]], [[Asie]], an [[North Africae]], occurrin in moontains ower maist o the range.

'''Gibson's Law''', efter [[Mel Gibson]], descrives the uiss o references tae ''[[Braveheart]]'' or the battle o Banockburn by Unionists an jurnalists in discussions or airticles aboot Scots independence. Gibson's Law for ordinar kythes wi the inference that mony Scots juist wants independence acause thay are gullible an easily influenced by a [[Hollywood]] pictur epitomizin a romanticised bygane, raither nor a passion for a futur in a walthier, halthier, greener, fairer an better [[Scotland]]. Forby thon, Gibson's Law applees tae ony online discussion - whether mailing lists, message buirds, forums, chat rooms, blog comment threids, or wiki talk pages.  The uiss o references tae ''Braveheart'' or the battle o Banockburn by thaim that maks thaim shaws that thay hae tint the plot o the argiement thay are ettlin at makkin in a seemilar wey tae [[Godwin's Law]].

{{Punctuation marks|^|ASCII caret<br/>(circumflex accent)|variant-size=520%<!--
-->|variant1=‸|caption1=Unicode caret<!--
-->|variant2=⁁|caption2=Caret insertion pynt<!--
-->|variant3=＾|caption3=[[Fullwidth form|Fullwidth]] circumflex accent}}
The '''caret''' is an invertit V-shaped [[grapheme]].

{{Year dab|1945}}
{{Year nav|1945}}
'''1945''' wis a year stairtin on a Monanday.

'''Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni''' ([[6 Mairch]], [[1475]] - [[18 Februar]], [[1564]]) wis an [[airtist]], [[airchitect]] an [[writer]]. Ane o his best kent warks is the ''[[Michelangelo's David|Dauvit]]''. He bade in [[Italy]] in [[Renaissance]] times. He coud pent wi baith haunds. Whan the ae haund wis forfochen, he uised the tither haund.

A '''Common year''' is a [[calendar year]] wi exactly 365 [[day]]s, in contrast tae the langer [[leap year]].

'''Coccus''' (plural '''cocci''') can be used tae describe ony [[bacterium]] that haes a spherical, ovoid, or generally roond shape.<ref name="arrangement">{{cite book|last1=Pommerville|first1=J.C.|title=Fundamentals of Microbiology|date=2013|publisher=Jones & Bartlett|location=Sudbury, MA|isbn=9781449647964|page=106|edition=10th}}</ref>

{{Geobox|Region
<!-- *** Name section *** -->
| name                        = Kalimantan
| native_name                 = 
| other_name                  = 
| category                    = Region
<!-- *** Image *** -->
| image                       = 
| image_size                  = 
| image_caption               = 
<!-- *** Country etc. *** -->
| country                     = {{INA}}
<!-- *** Parts *** -->
| part_type                   = Provinces
| part_count                  = 5
| part                        = [[Central Kalimantan]]
| part1                       = [[East Kalimantan]]
| part2                       = [[North Kalimantan]]
| part3                       = [[Sooth Kalimantan]]
| part4                       = [[Wast Kalimantan]]
| city                        = [[Balikpapan]]
| city1                       = [[Banjarbaru]]
| city2                       = [[Banjarmasin]]
| city3                       = [[Bontang]]
| city4                       = [[Palangkaraya]]
| city5                       = [[Pontianak, Indonesie|Pontianak]]
| city6                       = [[Samarinda]]
| city7                       = [[Singkawang]]
| city8                       = [[Tarakan]]
| city9                       = [[Nunukan]]
<!-- *** Geography *** -->
| area                        = 544150
| highest                     = Bukit Raya
| highest_location            = Schwaner Mountains
| highest_coordinates         = {{coord|0|39|S|112|41|E|display=inline}}
| highest_elevation           = 2278
| lowest                      = 
| lowest_location             = 
| lowest_elevation            = 
<!-- *** Population *** -->
| population_as_of            = 2014
| population                  = 14944742
| population_density          = auto
<!-- *** Various codes *** -->
| timezone                    = [[Time in Indonesie|Indonesie Central Time]]
| utc_offset                  = +8
| code_type                   = [[ISO 3166-2:ID|ISO 3166-2]]
| code                        = ID-KA
| code1_type                  = License plate
| code1                       = DA<br>KB<br>KH<br>KT<br>KU
<!-- *** Map section *** -->
| map                         = Kalimantan Locator.svg
| map_size                    = 
| map_caption                 = 
<!-- *** Website *** -->
| website                     = 
<!-- *** Footnotes *** -->
| footnotes                   = 
}}
'''Kalimantan''' is the [[Indonesie]] portion o the island o [[Borneo]].<ref name=brit>{{cite web|publisher=Britannica|title=Kalimantan|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9044401/Kalimantan|accessdate=2008-02-26}}</ref> It comprises 73% o the island's aurie. The non-Indonesian pairts o Borneo are [[Brunei]] an [[East Malaysie]].

'''Lundy''' is a smaa island in the [[Bristol Channel]], aboot 12 mile frae the nortren shore o [[Devon]]. It is aboot 3.5 mile long an ½ mile wide. Aboot 30 fawk live on the island, an 17,000&ndash;20,000 [[Tourism|tourists]] visit it in one year.<ref name="The Independent">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/lundy-island-off-the-coast-of-devon-offers-the-chance-to-get-away-from-it-all-9821084.html|title=Forget far-away lands: Lundy Island, off the coast of Devon, offers the chance to 'get away from it all|accessdate=7 May 2019|magazine=The Independent|date=October 27, 2014|archive-date=2019-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507125039/https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/lundy-island-off-the-coast-of-devon-offers-the-chance-to-get-away-from-it-all-9821084.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="The Guardian">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/jan/05/lundy-island|title= Welcome to Lundy, where it feels like the 1950s - and Britain is still booming|accessdate=7 May 2019|magazine=The Guardian|date=January 5, 2009}}</ref>

depicts a [[guardian angel]] watchin ower twa bairns.]]
[[Image:The Wounded Angel - Hugo Simberg.jpg|right|thumb|200px|''Hugo Simberg, 1903.'']]
An '''angel''', an aa spelled '''aungel''', is a [[supernaitural]] bein or [[spirit]] foond in various [[releegion]]s an [[Meethology|meethologies]]. In [[Abrahamic releegions]] an [[Zoroastrianism]], angels are eften depictit as benevolent celestial beins who act as intermediaries atween God or [[Heiven]] an [[Yird]], or as [[guardian angel|guardian spirits]] or a guidin influence.<ref>The Free Dictionary [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/angel] retrieved 1 September 2012</ref><ref name=ReligFacts>{{Cite web |url=http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/beliefs/angels.htm |title="Angels in Christianity." Religion Facts. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2014 |access-date=2015-09-29 |archive-date=2015-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406134902/http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/beliefs/angels.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

, 1955-1975.]]
'''Vietnamese draigons''' ({{lang-vi|rồng or long}} [[Wikt:龍|龍]]) are seembolic [[Ainimal|creaturs]] in the [[fowklear]] an [[meethologie]] o [[Vietnam]]. Accordin tae an auncient [[creation meeth]], the [[Vietnamese fowk]] are descendit frae a draigon an a fairy.

)]]
The term '''metropolitan area''' refers tae a region consistin o a densely populatit urban core an its less-populatit surroondin territories, sharin [[industry]], [[infrastructur]], an [[house|hoosin]].<ref>Squires, G. Ed. Urban Sprawl: Causes, Consequences, & Policy Responses. The Urban Institute Press (2002)</ref> A metropolitan area uisually encompasses multiple [[jurisdiction]]s an [[Municipality|municipalities]]: [[neighborhuid]]s, [[tounship]]s, [[Ceety|ceeties]], [[suburb]]s, [[exurb]]s, [[Coonty|coonties]], an even [[State (polity)|state]]s. As social, economic an poleetical institutions hae chyngit, metropolitan areas hae become key economic an poleetical regions.<ref>Mark, M., Katz, B., Rahman, S., and Warren, D. MetroPolicy: Shaping A New Federal Partnership for a Metropolitan Nation. Brookings Institution: Metropolitan Policy Program Report. (2008). 4-103.</ref>

{{fixscots}}

|map_type= Scotland
|population= 5784
|os_grid_reference= NT471288
|unitary_scotland= [[Scots Borders]]
|lieutenancy_scotland= [[Roxburgh, Ettrick an Lauderdale]]
|constituency_westminster= [[Berwickshire, Roxburgh an Selkirk (UK Pairlament constituency)|Berwickshire, Roxburgh an Selkirk]]
|constituency_scottish_parliament= [[Ettrick, Roxburgh and Berwickshire (Scots Pairlament constituency)|Ettrick, Roxburgh an Berwickshire]]
|post_town= SELKIRK
|postcode_district = TD7
|postcode_area= TD
|dial_code= 01750
|static_image=File:Selkirk, Scottish Borders - geograph.org.uk - 735944.jpg}}
The [[Ryal Burgh]] o '''Selkirk'''<ref>https://d3lmsxlb5aor5x.cloudfront.net/library/document/Map_of_Scotland_in_Scots-Guide_and_gazetteer.pdf</ref> is a toun in the [[Scots Borders]] Cooncil destrict o sootheastren [[Scotland]].

'''Learin''' is the process o acquirin new, or modifyin existin, [[knawledge]], [[behaviour]]s, [[skill]]s, [[vailyie (personal an cultural)|vailyie]]s, or [[preference]]s.<ref>Richard Gross, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Cle1Fcr_6_QC&pg=PT335 Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour] 6E, Hachette UK, {{ISBN|9781444164367}}.</ref>

'''2016 Spaingie general election''' wis on on the 26t o Juin 2016 acause there wisnae ony eftercast o the negotiations efter the 2015 [[Spaingie]] general election.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-06-27|title=Spanish election: PP wins most seats but deadlock remains|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36632276|access-date=2020-12-16}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/spain-general-election-2016-latest-polls-results-prime-minister-popular-party-mariano-rajoy-a7104271.html|title=Spain heads to polls in bid to end six months of political deadlock|date=2016-06-26|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=2020-12-16}}</ref> The main differs aqueish the twa elections is the formation o a alliance aqueish [[Popular Unity (Spain)|Popular Unity]] an [[Podemos]] ([[Unidos Podemos]]) an cheenge in votes: mair votes fur the [[Popular Pairty (Spain)|Popular Pairty]] an less fur Unidos Podemos.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2016/06/27/spain-country-in-search-of-compromise/|title=Spain’s general election: A country in search of a compromise|date=2016-06-27|website=EUROPP|access-date=2020-12-16}}</ref>

|area_total_km2         = 22300
|established_title      = 
|established_date       = 
|website=  
|}}

A '''calendar''' is a seestem o organisin days for social, releegious, commercial or admeenistrative purposes. This is duin bi giein names tae periods o [[time]], teepically [[day]]s, [[week]]s, [[month]]s, an [[year]]s. A [[calendar date|date]] is the designation o a single, specific day within such a seestem. A calendar is an aa a pheesical record (eften paper) o such a seestem. A calendar can an aa mean a leet o planned events, such as a [[coort calendar]] or a pairtly or fully chronological leet o documents, such as a calendar o wills.

{{fixscots|date=Julie 2021}}

'''Liaobu''' (寮步) is a [[Toun (Cheenae)|toun]] unner the jurisdiction o [[Dongguan]] [[prefectur-level ceety]] in [[Guangdong]] province, soothren [[Cheenae]]. It is verra accessible tae Hong Kong. You mey travel bi bus tae Lowu an switch tae KCR tae go tae Hong Kong. It shares the same wather condeetion as tae that o the ither provinces o Dongguan an o Hong Kong. Factories are iverywhaur. Thare is a smaw street namit mei shi jie wharein you can fynd a nummer o restaurants which are quite affordable wi generous servins. Thare is a destrict where ootlets o famous buists like Adidas, Nike an some Cheenese buists like Yishion, Anta, Peak an Erke are present an aw.

{{italic title}}
{{taxobox
 | name                = Filipendula ulmaria
 | image               = Filipendula ulmaria - angervaks.jpg
 | regnum              = [[Plant]]ae
 | unranked_divisio    = [[Angiosperms]]
 | unranked_classis    = [[Eudicots]]
 | unranked_ordo       = [[Rosids]]
 | ordo                = [[Rosales]]
 | familia             = [[Rosaceae]]
 | genus               = ''[[Filipendula]]''
 | species             = '''''F. ulmaria'''''
 | binomial            = ''Filipendula ulmaria''
 | binomial_authority  = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Carl Maximowicz|Maxim.]]
}}
'''''Filipendula ulmaria''''', commonly kent as '''meidae-queen''', '''queen o the meidae''', '''Yuil-girse''', or '''blackin girse''', is a [[Perennial plant|perennial]] [[yerb]] in the faimily [[Rosaceae]].

{{fixscots|date=September 2020}}
{{italic title}}

{{fixscots}}

{{Distinguish2|the neehbourin province o [[Shanxi]]}}

|map_label_position=left
|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Krasnodar (Krasnodar krai).png
|coa_caption=
|image_flag=Flag of Krasnodar (Krasnodar krai) (2006).png
|flag_caption=
|holiday=Last nan-wirkin day o September
|holiday_ref=
|federal_subject=[[Krasnodar Krai]]
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="Charter13">Charter of Krasnodar Krai, Article&nbsp;13</ref>
|adm_data_as_of=December 2001
|adm_city_jur=[[Ceety o federal subject significance|Ceety]] o Krasnodar
|adm_city_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref691" />
|adm_ctr_of=Krasnodar Krai,<ref name="Charter13" /> Ceety o Krasnodar
|adm_ctr_of_ref=<ref name="Ref691" />
|inhabloc_cat=City
|inhabloc_cat_ref=
|inhabloc_type=
|inhabloc_type_ref=
|mun_data_as_of=Februar 2012
|urban_okrug_jur=Krasnodar Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref751" />
|mun_admctr_of=Krasnodar Urban Okrug
|mun_admctr_of_ref=<ref name="Ref751" />
|leader_title=Head
|leader_title_ref=
|leader_name=Vladimir Yevlanov
|leader_name_ref=<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.glava.krd.ru/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-09-25 |archive-date=2012-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120923135648/http://www.glava.krd.ru/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|representative_body=[[Ceety Duma o Krasnodar|Ceety Duma]]
|representative_body_ref=
|area_of_what=
|area_as_of=
|area_km2=
|area_km2_ref=
|pop_2010census=744995
|pop_2010census_rank=17th
|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref>
|pop_density=
|pop_density_as_of=
|pop_density_ref=
|pop_latest=
|pop_latest_date=
|pop_latest_ref=
|established_date=12 Januar 1794
|established_title=
|established_date_ref=
|current_cat_date=1867
|current_cat_date_ref=
|prev_name1=Yekaterinodar
|prev_name1_date=1920
|prev_name1_ref=
|prev_name2=
|prev_name2_date=
|prev_name2_ref=
|postal_codes=350000–350090
|postal_codes_ref=
|dialing_codes=861
|dialing_codes_ref=
|website=http://www.krd.ru/
|website_ref=
|commonscat=Krasnodar
|date=May 2010
}}

{{fixscots|date=October 2020}}

{{Speciesbox
| name = European bison
| status = VU
| status_system = iucn3.1
| status_ref =<ref name=iucn>{{IUCN2008|assessor= Olech, W.|assessor2= IUCN SSC Bison Specialist Group|year=2008|id=2814|title=Bison bonasus|downloaded=14 January 2009}}</ref>
| image = European bisons .jpg
| image_caption = Wisent in a French wildlife reserve
| image_width = 250px
| taxon = Bison bonasus
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]])
| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
| subdivision = *''Bison bonasus bonasus'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
*†''[[Carpathie wisent|Bison bonasus hungarorum]]''
*†''[[Caucasie wisent|Bison bonasus caucasicus]]''
| range_map = Bison bonasus distribution.svg
| range_map_caption = 
}}
The '''European bison''' (''Bison bonasus''), kent as '''wisent''' or the '''European firth bison''', is a [[Eurasie]] [[species]] o [[bison]]. It is ane o twa extant species o bison, alangside the [[American bison]]. Three subspecies existit in the recent past, but anerly ane survives the day. The species is stryndit frae a hybrid, a cross atween a female [[Aurochs]], the extinct wild ancestor o modren cattle, an a male [[Steppe bison]]; the oreeginal hybrid is kent informally as the '''Higgs bison'''.<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.adelaide.edu.au/news/news88542.html |title=The Higgs Bison - mystery species hidden in cave art |date=19 October 2016 |publisher=The University of Adelaide |accessdate=13 January 2017}}</ref><ref name="Soubrier2016">{{cite journal |last1=Soubrier |first1=J. |last2=Gower |first2=G. |last3=Chen |first3=K. |last4=Richards |first4=S. M. |last5=Llamas |first5=B. |last6=Mitchell |first6=K. J. |last7=Ho |first7=S. Y. W. |last8=Kosintsev |first8=P. |last9=Lee |first9=M. S. Y. |last10=Baryshnikov |first10= G. |last11=Bollongino |first11=R. |last12=Bover |first12=P. |last13=Burger |first13=J. |last14=Chivall |first14=D. |last15=Crégut-Bonnoure |first15=E. |last16=Decker |first16=J. E. |last17=Doronichev |first17=V. B. |last18=Douka |first18=K. |last19=Fordham |first19=D. A. |last20=Fontana |first20=F. |last21=Fritz |first21=C. |last22=Glimmerveen |first22=J. |last23=Golovanova |first23=L. V. |last24=Groves |first24= C. |last25=Guerreschi |first25= A. |last26=Haak |first26=W. |last27=Higham |first27=T. |last28=Hofman-Kamińska |first28= E. |last29=Immel |first29=A. |last30=Julien |first30=M.-A. |last31=Krause |first31= J. |last32=Krotova |first32= O. |last33=Langbein |first33= F. |last34=Larson |first34=G. |last35=Rohrlach |first35=A. |last36=Scheu |first36=A. |last37=Schnabel |first37=R. D. |last38=Taylor |first38=J. F. |last39=Tokarska |first39=M. |last40=Tosello |first40=G. |last41=van der Plicht |first41=J. |last42=van Loenen |first42= A. |last43=Vigne |first43=J.-D. |last44=Wooley |first44= O. |last45=Orlando |first45=L. |last46=Kowalczyk |first46= R. |last47=Shapiro |first47= B. |last48=Cooper |first48=A. |title=Early cave art and ancient DNA record the origin of European bison |journal=Nature Communications |url=http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms13158 |volume=7 |issue=13158 |date=18 October 2016 |doi=10.1038/ncomms13158 |access-date=2016-11-26 |pmid=27754477 |pmc=5071849}}</ref>

<!-- Infobox begins -->

{{italic title}}
{{taxobox
|image = JapaneseBloodGrass2.JPG
|image_caption = ''Imperata cylindrica'' 'Red Baron,' <br/>in a [[Boston, Massachusetts]] gairden
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Commelinids]]
|ordo = [[Poales]]
|familia = [[Poaceae]]
|genus = ''[[Imperata]]''
|species = '''''I. cylindrica'''''
|binomial = ''Imperata cylindrica''
|binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Palisot de Beauvois|P. Beauv.]]
|synonyms= See text
|}}
'''''Imperata cylindrica''''', commonly kent as '''blady gress''', '''cogon gress''' {{IPAc-en|k|oʊ|ˈ|ɡ|oʊ|n}}, '''kunai gress''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|uː|n|aɪ}}, or '''Japanese bloodgrass''', is a species o [[Poaceae|gress]] in the genus ''[[Imperata]]''. It is placed in the subfaimily [[Panicoideae]], supertribe Andropogonodae, tribe Andropogoneae.

'''Truith''' (an aa spelled '''suith''' or '''trowth''') is maist eften uised tae mean bein in accord wi [[fact]] or [[reality]],<ref name = Merriam-Webster-def>Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary, [http://m-w.com/dictionary/truth truth], 2005</ref> or fidelity tae an oreeginal or staundart.<ref name = Merriam-Webster-def/> Truth mey an aa eften be uised in [[modrenity|modren]] contexts tae refer tae an idea o "truith tae sel," or [[authenticity (filosofie)|authenticity]].

The wird '''toun''', '''toon''', or '''town''' haes a nummer o meanin anent places wi biggins or whar fowk bide. Sic as:
* [[steading|fermtoun]]
* [[clachan|kirktoun or clachan]]
* [[veelage]]
* [[burgh]]
* [[toun]]
* [[ceetie]]

{{fixscots|date=October 2020}}

| birth_place      = [[Dordrecht]], [[Netherlands]]
| residence        = [[Unitit States]]
| citizenship      = [[Netherlands]]<br>[[Unitit States]]
| field            = [[Applee'd physics]]
| work_institution = [[Varsity o Arizona]]
| alma_mater       = [[Leiden Varsity]]<br>[[Varsity o Utrecht]]
| known_for        = [[Laser]] [[spectroscopy]]
| doctoral_advisor  = [[Cornelis Jacobus Gorter]]
| academic_advisors = [[Edward Mills Purcell|Edward Purcell]]
| doctoral_students = [[Peter Pershan]]<br>Michael Downer<br>[[Yuen-Ron Shen]]<br>[[Eli Yablonovitch]]
| awards            = [[Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize]] {{small|(1958)}}<br>[[Stuart Ballantine Medal]] <small>(1961)</small><br>[[Naitional Medal o Science]] {{small|(1974)}}<br>[[Lorentz Medal]] {{small|(1978)}}<br>[[Nobel Prize in Pheesics]] {{small|(1981)}}<br>[[IEEE Medal o Honour]] {{small|(1983)}}<br>[[Dirac Medal]] {{small|(1983)}}
}}
'''Nicolaas Bloembergen''' (born Mairch 11, 1920; died 5 September 2017) wis a [[Netherlands|Dutch]]-[[Unitit States|American]] [[pheesics|pheesicist]] an [[Nobel laureate]].

A '''vacuum cleaner''' (in the [[UK]] kent colloquially as a '''hoover''' an aw.<ref>In [[Unitit Kinrick|Breetain]] ''Hoover'' haes become sae associate wi vacuum cleaners for tae become a [[genericised tredmerk]]. The wird ''"hoover"'' (athoot ineetial capitalisation) is aften uised as a generic term for tae mean ''"vacuum cleaner"''. Hoover is uised as a verb an aw, as in ''"A juist hoovered the cairpet"''.</ref>) is a tuil that uises an air [[pump]] for tae mak a pairtial [[vacuum]] for tae [[souk]] up [[stour]] an clart, for ordinar frae fluirs.
Maist hames wi cairpetit fluirs in developed kintras haes a vacuum cleaner for the cleanin. The clart is gaithered by a filterin seestem or a [[cyclonic sinderin|cyclone]] for tae be gotten redd o later.

</ref>
| Vein        =
| MeshName    = Pituitary+Gland
| MeshNumber  = A06.407.747
}}
In [[vertebrate]] [[anatomy]], the '''pituitary gland''', or '''hypophysis''', is an [[endocrine gland]] aboot the size o a pea an weighin {{convert|0.5|g|oz}} in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom o the [[hypothalamus]] at the base o the [[brain]]. The hypophysis rests upon the [[hypophysial fossa]] o the [[sphenoid bane]] in the centre o the [[middle cranial fossa]] an is surroondit bi a smaa bany cavity ([[sella turcica]]) covered bi a [[Dura mater|dural]] fold  ([[diaphragma sellae]]).<ref>{{cite book |url=http://books.google.si/books?id=R6ARC5tdhtYC&pg=PA154 |editor-first=Elliott L. |editor-last=Mancall |editor-first2=David G. |editor-last2=Brock |title=Gray's Clinical Anatomy |page=154 |chapter=Cranial Fossae |year=2011 |isbn=9781437735802 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences}}</ref> The [[anterior pituitary]] (or adenohypophysis) is a lobe o the gland that regulates several physiological processes (includin stress, growthe, reproduction, an lactation).

{{Taxobox
|name = Khat
|image = Catha edulis.jpg
|image_caption = ''Catha edulis''
|status = LR/lc
|status_system = IUCN2.3
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
|ordo = [[Celastrales]]
|familia = [[Celastraceae]]
|genus = ''[[Catha (plant)|Catha]]''
|species = '''''C. edulis'''''
|binomial = ''Catha edulis''
|binomial_authority =([[Martin Vahl|Vahl]]) [[Peter Forsskål|Forssk.]] ex [[Stephan Endlicher|Endl.]]
}}
'''''Catha edulis''''' ('''khat''', '''qat''' frae {{lang-ar|القات}}<ref name="Tooea">{{cite book|last=Dickens |first=Charles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EdUnAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA176 |chapter=The Orsons of East Africa |title=Household Words: A Weekly Journal, Volume 14 |year=1856 |origyear=Digitized February 19, 2010 |page=176 |accessdate=9 January 2014 |publisher=Bradbury & Evans}} {{open access}} {{link note|note=Free eBook}}</ref>) is a [[flouerin plant]] native tae the [[Horn o Africae]] an the [[Arabian Peninsula]]. Amang commonties frae thir auries, khat chowin haes a history as a social custom datin back thoosands o years.<ref name="Kciy">{{cite journal |last=Al-Mugahed |first=Leen |title=Khat Chewing in Yemen: Turning over a New Leaf: Khat Chewing Is on the Rise in Yemen, Raising Concerns about the Health and Social Consequences |journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization |volume=86 |issue=10 |url=http://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-188738635/khat-chewing-in-Yemen-turning-over-a-new-leaf-khat |accessdate=9 January 2014 |pages=741–2 |pmid=18949206 |year=2008 |pmc=2649518 |doi=10.2471/BLT.08.011008 |archive-date=2018-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020225/https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-188738635/khat-chewing-in-yemen-turning-over-a-new-leaf-khat%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

| birth_place = [[Bosco Marengo|Bosco]], [[Duchy o Milan]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1572|5|1|1504|1|17|df =y}}
| death_place = [[Roum]], [[Papal States]]
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|[[Bishopric o Sutri an Nepi|Bishop o Sutri an Nepi]] (1556–1557)|[[Santa Maria sopra Minerva|Cardinal-Priest o Santa Maria sopra Minerva]] (1557–1561)|[[Santa Sabina|Cardinal-Priest o Santa Sabina]] (1561–1566)|Bishop o Mondovi (1560–1566)|Secretar o the [[Congregation for the Doctrine o the Faith|Supreme Saucrit Congregation o the Roman an Universal Inquiseetion]] (1564–1566)}}
| motto = ''Utinam dirigantur viæ meæ ad custodiendas justificationes tuas'' (O that ma weys mey be directit tae keep thy juistifications)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3evK2TwePkoC&pg=PA87&lpg=PA87&dq=Utinam+dirigantur+vi%C3%A6+me%C3%A6+ad+custodiendas+pius+v&source=bl&ots=o2g8j-CePS&sig=0p9_oE1g5ACGKTEAbADrQRnLF1c&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-3K34tsjLAhVmt4MKHXg-AmgQ6AEINDAE#v=onepage&q=Utinam%20dirigantur%20vi%C3%A6%20me%C3%A6%20ad%20custodiendas%20pius%20v&f=false|title=Bullarium Canonicorum regularium Rhenanæ congregationis sanctissimi ... - Canonici regolari di sant'Agostino : Congregazione del santissimo Salvatore - Google Books|publisher=Google Books|accessdate=17 March 2016}}{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1_EwSwoiGNAC&pg=PA665&lpg=PA665&dq=Utinam+dirigantur+vi%C3%A6+me%C3%A6+ad+custodiendas+pius+v&source=bl&ots=J_n2kXr6ad&sig=mCicwjQtK6Wr_V33TbN0XEwoAEo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-3K34tsjLAhVmt4MKHXg-AmgQ6AEIKzAC#v=onepage&q=Utinam%20dirigantur%20vi%C3%A6%20me%C3%A6%20ad%20custodiendas%20pius%20v&f=false|title=R.P.D. Thomae Del Bene clerici regularis, ... De officio S. Inquisitionis ... - Google Books|publisher=Google Books|accessdate=17 March 2016}}{{cite web|url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=ps%20118%3A5&version=VULGATE;DRA|title=Ps 118:5 VULGATE;DRA - utinam dirigantur viae meae ad - Bible Gateway|publisher=Bible Gateway|accessdate=17 March 2016}}</ref></small>
| coat_of_arms = C o a Pius V.svg
| other = Pius
| feast_day = {{unbulleted list|30 Apryle ([[General Roman Calendar]])|5 Mey (1713–1969 Calendars)}}
| venerated = [[Catholic Kirk]]
| saint_title = 
| beatified_date = 1 May 1672
| beatified_place = 
| beatified_by = [[Pape Clement X]]
| canonized_date = 22 Mey 1712
| canonized_place = 
| canonized_by = [[Pape Clement XI]]
| attributes = {{unbulleted list|Dominican habit|Papal vestments|[[Papal tiara]]|[[Crucifix]]|[[Book]]}}
| patronage = {{unbulleted list|[[Valletta]], [[Maltae]]|Bosco Marengo, Italy|[[Pietrelcina]], Italy|[[Roccaforte Mondovi]]|[[Roman Catholic Diocese o Alessandria|Diocese o Alessandria]]}}
| shrine = 
}}
'''Saunt Pius V''', né '''Antonio Ghislieri''', fae 1518 cried '''Michele Ghislieri''' ([[17 Januar]], 1504 – [[1 Mey]], 1572) wis [[Pape]] fae 1566 tae 1572 an is a [[saunt]] o the [[Roman Catholic Kirk]]. Airlie on inrowed intae the [[Inquiseetion]], as Pape he wis a fell pursuer o heretics an [[Protestants]].

(1998)
|fam2=[[Italic leids|Italic]]
|fam3=[[Romance leids|Romance]]
|fam4=[[Wastren Romance leids|Wastren]]
|fam5=[[Gallo-Romance leids|Gallo-Romance]]
|fam6=[[Oïl leids|Oïl]]
|iso1=wa
|iso2=wln
|iso3=wln
|lingua=51-AAA-hf
|notice=
}}

{{fixscots|date=October 2020}}

instead -->
| type                    = [[Depairtments o Fraunce|Depairtment]]
| image_skyline           =
| image_alt               =
| image_caption           =
| image_flag              =
| flag_alt                =
| image_shield            = Blason département fr Ariège.svg
| shield_alt              =
| nickname                =
| motto                   =
| image_map               = Ariège-Position.svg
| map_alt                 =
| map_caption             = Location o Ariège in Fraunce
| pushpin_map             =
| pushpin_label_position  =
| pushpin_map_alt         =
| pushpin_map_caption     =
| coordinates             = {{coord|43|00|N|1|30|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           =
| coordinates_footnotes   =
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = Fraunce
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions o Fraunce|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Midi-Pyrénées]]
| established_title       =
| established_date        =
| founder                 =
| seat_type               = [[Prefecturs in Fraunce|Prefectur]]
| seat                    = [[Foix]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefecturs in Fraunce|Subprefecturs]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Pamiers]]<br>[[Saint-Girons, Ariège|Saint-Girons]]
| government_footnotes    =
| leader_party            = [[Socialist Pairty (Fraunce)|PS]]
| leader_title            = [[Preses o the general cooncil|Preses o the General Cooncil]]
| leader_name             = Augustin Bonrepaux
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude          =
| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 4,890
| area_note               =
| elevation_footnotes     =
| elevation_m             =
| elevation_min_m         =
| elevation_max_m         =
| population_footnotes    =
| population_total        = 152,366
| population_as_of        = 2012
| population_rank         = [[Leet o French depairtments bi population|96t]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      =
| population_note         =
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Depairtments o Fraunce|Depairtment number]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 09
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements o Fraunce|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[arrondissements o the Ariège depairtment|3]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in Fraunce|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[cantons o the Ariège depairtment|13]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in Fraunce|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[communes o the Ariège depairtment|332]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        =
| postal_code             =
| area_code_type          =
| area_code               =
| iso_code                =
| website                 =
| footnotes               = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude [[estuary|estuaries]], an lochs, ponds, an glaciers lairger nor 1&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
}}
'''Ariège''' ({{IPA-fr|aʁjɛʒ}}; {{lang-oc|Arièja}}) is a [[depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment]] in the [[Midi-Pyrénées]] region o soothwestren Fraunce named efter the [[Ariège River]].

{{two other uses|the U.S. state|the river|Delaware River|ither uisses}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2015}}
</ref> Blue Hen State; The Diamond State
|Former              = Delaware Colony
|Capital             = [[Dover, Delaware|Dover]]
|LargestCity         = [[Wilmington, Delaware|Wilmington]]
|LargestMetroArea    = [[Wilmington, Delaware|Wilmington]]
|Governor            = [[John Carney]] ([[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|D]])
|Lieutenant Governor = [[Bethany Hall-Long]] (D)
|Legislature         = [[Delaware General Assembly|General Assembly]]
|Upperhouse          = [[Delaware Senate|Senate]]
|Lowerhouse          = [[Delaware Hoose o Representatives|Hoose o Representatives]]
|Senators            = [[Tom Carper]] (D)<br />[[Chris Coons]] (D)
|Representative      = [[Lisa Roschester]] ([[Democratic Pairty (Unitit States)|D]])
|PostalAbbreviation  = DE
|TradAbbreviation    = Del.
|AreaRank            = 49th
|TotalArea           = 6,452
|TotalAreaUS         = 1,982<ref>{{cite web|url=http://delaware.gov/facts/geo.shtml|title=State of Delaware|author=The State of Delaware|work=delaware.gov|accessdate=September 27, 2015}}</ref>
|LandArea            = 5,068
|LandAreaUS          = 1,954
|WaterArea           = 1,387
|WaterAreaUS         = 536
|PCWater             = 21.5
|PopRank             = 45t
|2010Pop             = 935,614 (2014 est)<ref name="PopEstUS">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2015/tables/NST-EST2015-01.csv |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223235718/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2015/tables/NST-EST2015-01.csv |dead-url=yes |archive-date=December 23, 2015 |title=Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016 |format=[[comma-separated values|CSV]] |work=2015 Population Estimates |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division |date=December 20, 2016 |accessdate=December 20, 2016 }}</ref>
|DensityRank         = 6t
|2000Density         = 179
|2000DensityUS       = 464
|MedianHouseholdIncome = $50,152
|IncomeRank          = 12th
|AdmittanceOrder     = 1st
|AdmittanceDate      = December 7, 1787
|TimeZone            = [[Eastren Time Zone (North Americae)|Eastren]]: [[Coordinatit Universal Time|UTC]] [[Eastren Time Zone|−5]]/[[Eastern Daylight Time|−4]]
|Longitude           = 75° 3′ W to 75° 47′ W
|Latitude            = 38° 27′ N to 39° 50′ N
|Width               = 48
|WidthUS             = 30
|Length              = 154
|LengthUS            = 96
|HighestPoint        = Near the<br/>[[Ebright Azimuth]]<ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|title=Elevations and Distances in the United States|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|year=2001|accessdate=October 21, 2011|archive-date=2012-07-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722022527/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=NAVD88>Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].</ref><ref name="HighestPoint">{{Cite journal|last=Schenck|first=William S|title=Highest Point in Delaware|publisher=Delaware Geological Survey|accessdate=July 23, 2008|url=http://www.dgs.udel.edu/publications/pubs/factsheets/highestpoint.aspx|journal=|archive-date=2008-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020055243/http://www.dgs.udel.edu/publications/Pubs/FactSheets/HighestPoint.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|HighestElev         = 136.2
|HighestElevUS       = 447
|MeanElev            = 20
|MeanElevUS          = 60
|LowestPoint         = Atlantic Ocean<ref name=USGS />
|LowestElev          = 0
|LowestElevUS        = 0
|ISOCode             = US-DE
|Website             = http://delaware.gov/
}}
</ref>  – Formerly: ''It's Good Being First''
|Soil      = [[Greenwich (soil)]]
|Song      = "[[Our Delaware]]"
|Route Marker = Elongated circle 1.svg
|Quarter   = 1999 DE Proof.png
|QuarterReleaseDate = 1999
}}

{{speciesbox
|name = Soor docken
|image = (MHNT) Rumex acetosa - Habit.jpg
|genus = Rumex
|species = acetosa
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|synonyms =
    {{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
*''Acetosa agrestis'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Acetosa amplexicaulis'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Acetosa angustata'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Acetosa bidentula'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Acetosa fontanopaludosa'' <small>(Kalela) Holub</small>
*''Acetosa hastifolia'' <small>Schur</small>
*''Acetosa hastulata'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Acetosa magna'' <small>Gilib.</small>
*''Acetosa officinalis'' <small>Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.</small>
*''Acetosa olitoria'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Acetosa pratensis'' <small>Garsault</small> nom. inval.
*''Acetosa pratensis'' <small>Mill.</small>
*''Acetosa subalpina'' <small>Schur</small>
*''Rumex biformis'' <small>Lange</small>
*''Rumex fontanopaludosus'' <small>Kalela</small>
    }}
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{citation
|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2424198
|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species
|website=Theplantlist.org
|accessdate=10 May 2016
|archive-date=2019-04-01
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401142235/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2424198
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
}}
'''''Rumex acetosa''''', whiles cried '''soor dock(en)''', '''soor leek''' an '''soorock''', is a [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[yerbaceous plant|yerb]] in the faimily [[Polygonaceae]].

{{Itheruises|the ainimal|the airticle aboot roads (an it's auld farrant spellin gait)|Gate}}
{{subspeciesbox
| name = Domestic gait
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|.01|0}} [[Neolithic]] – Recent
| status = DOM
| image = Hausziege 04.jpg
| image_caption = A [[pygmy gait]] on a [[Tree stump|stump]]
| genus = Capra
| species = aegagrus
| species_link = Wild gait
| subspecies = hircus
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10t edeetion o Systema Naturae|1758]])
| synonyms = ''Capra hircus'' {{small|Linnaeus,&nbsp;1758}}<br/>
''Capra depressa'' {{small|Linnaeus,&nbsp;1758}}<br/>
''Capra mambrica'' {{small|Linnaeus,&nbsp;1758}}<br/>
''Capra reversa'' {{small|Linnaeus,&nbsp;1758}}
}}
The '''gait''' (''Capra aegagrus hircus'') is for ordinar kent as a hamelt breed o the wild gait frae soothwast [[Asie]] an Eastren [[Europe]]. The gait is aucht the ''Bovidae'' faimlie an is gey sib tae the sheep, baith bein pairt o the gait an antelope subfaimlie ''Caprinae''.
{{Commonscat|Capra aegagrus hircus}}

{{Taxobox
|image = Baobab Adansonia digitata.jpg
|image_width = 275px
|image_caption = ''[[Adansonia digitata]]'' in [[Tanzanie]]
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|classification = [[Flouerin plant|Angiosperms]]
|classification based on the number of cotyledons= [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
|ordo = [[Malvales]]
|familia = [[Malvaceae]]
|subfamilia = [[Bombacoideae]]
|genus = '''''Adansonia'''''
|genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?167 |title=Genus: ''Adansonia'' L. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United State Department of Agriculture |date=2008-11-12 |accessdate=2011-01-14 |archive-date=2010-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530033642/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?167 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = See [[#Species|Species section]]
}}
'''''Adansonia''''' is a genus o nine species o tree, includin sax native tae [[Madagascar]], twa native tae mainland [[Africae]] an the [[Arabian Peninsula]], an ane native tae [[Australia]].

haes scorit the maist century breaks i professional snooker tournaments.]]
I the sport o [[snooker]], a "'''century brak'''" (whiles referrit tae as a '''ton''') is a score o 100 pynts or mair within ane veesit at the table withoot missin a shot an requires pottin at least 25 consecutive balls.<ref>{{cite news |first=Liam |last=Fitzgibbon |title=Neil Robertson makes century of snooker 100s |date=1 May 2014 |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/neil-robertson-makes-century-of-snooker-100s-20140501-zr28u.html |accessdate=2 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="BCA">{{cite book |author=BCA Rules Committee |title=Billiards: The Official Rules and Record Book |publisher=Billiard Congress of America |location=Iowa City, IA, US |date=November 1992 |isbn=1-878493-02-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/billiards00bill }}</ref> The ability tae score century braks is regardit as a merk o the hichest skill i snooker, while the first career century haes been describit bi [[Ronnie O'Sullivan]] as the "ultimate milestone for any snooker player".<ref name="rise of century">{{Cite news |work=[[BBC Sport]] |first=Steve|last=Davis|title=Steve Davis charts the rise of snooker's century breaks |date=7 January 2015 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/snooker/30599646 |accessdate=13 January 2015}}</ref>

{{Redirect|Pushkin|the city|Pushkin, Saunt Petersburg}}

{{Taxobox
|image = Averrhoa_bilimbi_dsc03692.jpg
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
|ordo = [[Oxalidales]]
|familia = [[Oxalidaceae]]
|genus = ''[[Averrhoa]]''
|species = '''''A. bilimbi'''''
|binomial = ''Averrhoa bilimbi''
|binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
|}}

{{fixscots|date=Mairch 2021}}
{{italic title}}
{{taxobox
|image=Cochlearia anglica 01.jpg
|name = ''Cochlearia anglica''
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
|ordo = [[Brassicales]]
|familia = [[Brassicaceae]]
|genus = ''[[Cochlearia]]''
|species = '''''C. anglica'''''
|binomial = ''Cochlearia anglica''
|binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
|}}
The [[flouerin plant]] '''''Cochlearia anglica''''' is kent bi the common names '''Inglis scurvy-gress''' an '''lang-leafed scurvy gress'''. It is a plant o the coastlines o Europe, inspecially the Breetish Isles. It is edible an, as its name suggests, it is rich in [[vitamin C]]. It haes spade-shaped leafs an white flouers.

{{taxobox
| name = Wasabi
| image = Wasabia_japonica_4.JPG
| image_caption = Wasabi
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
| unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
| ordo = [[Brassicales]]
| familia = [[Brassicaceae]]
| genus = '''''Wasabia'''''
| species = '''''W. japonica'''''
| binomial = ''Wasabia japonica''
| binomial_authority = [[Ninzo Matsumura|Matsum.]]
}}
{{nihongo|'''Wasabi'''|わさび（山葵）||oreeginally {{lang|ja|和佐比}}; ''Wasabia japonica'' or ''Eutrema japonica''}},<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?404759|title=Eutrema japonica (Miq.) Koidz.|publisher=Germplasm Resources Information Network, USDA|access-date=2014-04-28|archive-date=2013-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512140237/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?404759#syn|url-status=dead}}</ref> is a member o the [[Brassicaceae]] faimily, that includes [[cabbitch]]es, [[reidcoll]], an [[Mustart plant|mustart]].

|death_place      = [[Oxford]], UK
|school_tradition = [[Liberalism]]{{·}}[[Analytic filosofie]]
|notable_ideas  = [[Twa Concepts o Liberty]]{{·}}[[Coonter-Enlightenment]]{{·}}[[Value pluralism]]
|main_interests = [[Poleetical filosofie]]{{·}}[[Filosofie o history]]{{·}}[[History o ideas]]{{·}}[[Liberalism]]{{·}}[[Ethics]]{{·}}[[Marxism]]{{·}}[[Modren history]]{{·}}[[Roushie history]]{{·}}[[Roushie leeteratur]]{{·}}[[Romanticism]]
|influences     = [[Giambattista Vico|Vico]]{{·}}[[Johann Georg Hamann|Hamann]]{{·}}[[Johann Gottfried Herder|Herder]]{{·}}[[Leo Tolstoy|Tolstoy]]{{·}}[[John Stuart Mill|Mill]]{{·}}[[Ludwig Wittgenstein]]
|influenced = [[Joxe Azurmendi]]{{·}}[[John N. Gray]]{{·}}[[Michael Ignatieff]]
}}

'''Fred Waldron Phelps, Sr.''' ([[13 November]] [[1929]] &ndash; [[19 Mairch]] [[2014]]) wis an [[Americans|American]] [[pastor]], [[civil rights]] [[activist]] an [[Disbarment|disbarred]] [[lawyer]]. He is best kent for heidin the [[Westboro Baptist Church]] (WBC), an independent [[Baptist]] [[kirk]] basit in [[Topeka, Kansas|Topeka]], [[Kansas]].<ref name=WBC>{{Cite web|url=http://www.godhatesfags.com/wbcinfo/phelpsbio.html|title=Brief Bio of Pastor Fred Phelps|work=godhatesfags.com|publisher=[[Westboro Baptist Church]]|accessdate=March 8, 2014|archive-date=2014-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321094305/http://www.godhatesfags.com/wbcinfo/phelpsbio.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> He wis born in [[Meridian, Mississippi|Meridian]], [[Mississippi]].<ref name=WBC/>

{{Unsoorced}}

{{infobox radon}}
'''Radon''' is a [[chemical element]] wi seembol&nbsp;'''Rn''' an [[atomic nummer]]&nbsp;86. It is a [[radioactive decay|radioactive]], colourless, odorless, tasteless<ref name=guide>{{cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/radon/pubs/citguide.html |title=A Citizen's Guide to Radon &#124; Radon &#124; US EPA |publisher=Epa.gov |date=2010-08-05 |accessdate=2012-04-28}}</ref> [[noble gas]], occurrin naiturally as an indirect [[decay product]] o [[uranium]] or [[thorium]]. Its maist stable [[isotope]], [[Radon-222|<sup>222</sup>Rn]], haes a [[hauf-life]] o 3.8 days. Radon is ane o the densest substances that remains a [[gas]] unner normal condeetions. It is the anly gas unner normal condeetions that anly haes radioactive isotopes, an is considered a heal hazard due tae its radioactivity an aa. Intense radioactivity haes an aa hindered chemical studies o radon an anly a few compoonds are kent.

[[Image:Herbs.jpg|thumb|[[Basil]], a common culinar yerb]]
An '''yerb''' is a plant growed for culinary, [[heal]], or in some cases e'en speeritual vailyie. The green, leafy pairt o the plant is for ordinar uised. Ordinar uiss differs atween eatin yerbs an leiche's <!-- A medincenar, surgeon, or een - yett no foremaist - a barber gin yer in Alberdeenshire. --> yerbs. A leiche's yerb micht be a buss or ither widden plant, whan <!-- A meant whereas...hit wisna richt a chynged hit back. Sorry gin A'm hard tae wark wi. Truelly A am... -->an eatin yerb isna the widden pairt o a plant.

diagram o a [[micelle]] o ile in aqueous suspension, such as micht occur in an [[emulsion]] o ile in watter. In this example the surfactant molecules' ile-soluble tails project intae the ile, while the watter-soluble ends remain in contact wi the watter phase]]
'''Surfactants''' are compoonds that lawer the [[surface tension]] (or interfacial tension) atween twa liquids or atween a liquid an a solit. Surfactants mey act as [[detergent]]s, [[wettin]] agents, [[emulsion#Emulsifiers|emulsifiers]], [[foamin agent]]s, an [[dispersant]]s.

{{fixscots|date=Mairch 2021}}

, Retrieved 2010-06-02.</ref>
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_density_sq_mi=
| population_est          =
| pop_est_as_of           =
| population_demonym      = <!-- demonym, ie. Liverpudlian for someone from Liverpool -->
| population_note         =
<!-- time zone(s) -------------->
| timezone1               = [[Korea Staundart Time]]
| utc_offset1             = +9
| timezone1_DST           =
| utc_offset1_DST         =
<!-- postal codes, area code --->
| postal_code_type        =  <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code             =
| area_code_type          = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) -->
| area_code               =
<!-- website, footnotes -------->
| website                 = [http://english.ydp.go.kr/ Yeongdeungpo-gu official website]
| footnotes               =
}}

== Scots ==
=== Noun ===
{{sco-noun}}
# whit [[define:informs|informs]] fowk, i.e., whit [[define:data|data]] can be tak fae.

The '''Gaza–Israel war''' is a localised pairt o the Israeli–Palestinian conflick beginnin in 1948, whan 200,000 Palestinians flichtit or wis herried oot frae thair hames, sattlin i the [[Gaza Strip]] as refugees. Sin syne, Israel hes focht 15<ref name="fifteenwars">{{Cite news|last=[[Jean-Pierre Filiu]]|title=French historian: Israel destroyed 4,000-year-old culture in Gaza|publisher=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al-Jazeera]]|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/program/the-bottom-line/2024/1/11/french-historian-israel-destroyed-4000-year-old-culture-in-gaza}}</ref> wars agin the Gaza Strip. The nummer o Gazans killt i the maist racent 2023-2024 war — 27,000 — is heicher nor the deith toll o aw ither wars o the Arab-Israeli conflict.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Stack|first=Liam|date=21 December 2023|title=Gaza Deaths Surpass Any Arab Loss in Wars With Israel in Past 40 Years|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/21/world/middleeast/gaza-death-toll-palestinians.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-02-05|title=Live updates {{!}} Israeli strikes raise Gaza death toll as Blinken heads to Mideast|language=en-US|work=The Hill|agency=Associated Press|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/ap/ap-international/ap-live-updates-israeli-strikes-raise-gaza-death-toll-as-blinken-heads-to-mideast/|access-date=2024-02-05}}</ref>

{{fixscots|date=Januar 2021}}

'''Soond''' is a waw that is a swaw o [[pressur]] transmittit throu a [[solit]], [[liquid]], [[gas]], or [[plasma (pheesics)|plasma]] made o haurable [[frequency|frequencies]].
Humans ordinar hear soonds atween 20 [[Hertz|Hz]] an 20 [[Kilohertz|kHz]]. Bi uisin soond, baests cans hear [[pheesical phenomena]] an syne get tae sauftie. Forby, gleg baests like humans uise soond for tae communicate in [[leid]]s.
{{Commonscat|Sound}}

{{fixscots}}
'''Thursa Bay''', forby kent as '''Scrabster Bay''', is a bay o [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] watter atween the pynts o Clairdon Heid an Holborn Heid on the north coast o [[Caithness]], [[Scotland]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thurso Bay from The Gazetteer for Scotland|url=https://www.scottish-places.info/features/featurefirst4229.html|access-date=2023-01-23|website=www.scottish-places.info|language=en-gb}}</ref>

{{fixscots|date=December 2020}}

-{{ICD10|H|26||h|25}}, {{ICD10|H|28||h|25}}, {{ICD10|Q|12|0|q|12}}
|ICD9        = {{ICD9|366}}
|DiseasesDB  = 2179
|MedlinePlus = 001001
| eMedicineSubj  = 
| eMedicineTopic = 
| eMedicine_mult = {{EMedicine2|article|1210914}}
| MeSH         =D002386
}}
A '''cataract''' is a cloodin o the [[lens (anatomy)|lens]] in the [[ee]] which leads tae a [[veesual impairment|decrease in veesion]].<!-- <ref name=NIH2009/> --> Cataracts eften develop slawly an can affect ane or baith een.<!-- <ref name=NIH2009/> --> Symptoms mey include fadit colours, blurry veesion, halos aroond licht, tribble wi bricht lichts, an tribble seein at nicht.<ref name=NIH2009>{{cite web|title=Facts About Cataract|url=https://www.nei.nih.gov/health/cataract/cataract_facts|accessdate=24 May 2015|date=September 2009}}</ref>

{{coord|40.2|N|26.4|E|display=title}}

{{fixscots}}
{{Paraphyletic group
| name = Oysters
| image = Crassostrea gigas p1040848.jpg
| image_alt = Paceefic eyster frae the Marennes-Oléron basin in France
| image_caption = [[Paceefic eyster]] frae the [[Marennes, Charente-Maritime|Marennes]]-[[Oléron]] basin in Fraunce
| auto = yes
| parent = Pteriomorphia
| includes = 
*[[Anomiidae]] – saidle eysters
*[[Dimyidae]] – dimyarian eysters
*[[Ostreidae]] – true eysters
*[[Placunidae]] – windaepane eysters
*[[Pteriidae]] – feather eysters
*[[Spondylidae]] – spiny eysters
| excludes = 
Aw ither members o:
*[[Anomioidea]]
*[[Ostreida]]
*[[Ostreoidea]]
*[[Pectinida]]
*[[Pectinoidea]]
*[[Pterioidea]]
}}
'''Eyster''' is whit monie unalike groups o bivalve mollusks are cried, maist o which bide in ocean airt or sautie watter. The huil is makkit o twa unco calcified valves what surroond a swack corp. Gills syle plankton fae the watter, an strang adductor muscles are uised tae claucht the huil closed.

{{Chembox|Watchedfields=chynged|verifiedrevid=477167214|ImageFile=Ethylene-CRC-MW-dimensions-2D.png|ImageSize=160px|ImageFileL1=Ethylene-CRC-MW-3D-balls.png|ImageFileR1=Ethylene-3D-vdW.png|IUPACName=Ethene|OtherNames=|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 91GW059KN7
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = C06547
| InChIKey = VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYAE
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C2H4/c1-2/h1-2H2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo = 74-85-1
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 117822
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 6325
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 18153
| SMILES = C=C
| InChI=1/C2H4/c1-2/h1-2H2
| EC_number = 200-815-3
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 6085
  }}|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = {{chem|C|2|H|4}}
| MolarMass = 28.05 g/mol
| Appearance = colourless gas
| Density = 1.178&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup> at 15&nbsp;°C, gas<ref name="GESTIS">{{GESTIS|ZVG=12710|Name=Ethylene|Date=25 October 2007}}</ref>
| MeltingPtC = -169.2
| BoilingPtC = -103.7
| Solubility = 3.5&nbsp;mg/100 mL (17&nbsp;°C);{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}} 2.9&nbsp;mg/L<ref name="neilands">Neiland, O. Ya. (1990) ''Органическая химия: Учебник для хим. спец. вузов''. Moscow. Vysshaya Shkola. p. 128.</ref>
| Solubility1 = 4.22&nbsp;mg/L<ref name="neilands" />
| Solvent1 = ethanol
| Solubility2 = guid<ref name="neilands" />
| Solvent2 = diethyl ether
| pKa = 44
| ConjugateAcid = [[Ethenium]]
| MagSus = -15.30·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol  }}|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| MolShape = D<sub>2h</sub>
| Dipole = zero
  }}|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = +52.47 kJ/mol
| DeltaHc =
| Entropy = 219.32 J·K<sup>−1</sup>·mol<sup>−1</sup>
| HeatCapacity =
  }}|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0475.htm ICSC 0475]
| EUClass = {{Hazchem F+}}
| RPhrases = {{R12}} {{R67}}
| SPhrases = {{(S2)}} {{S9}} {{S16}} {{S33}} {{S46}}
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 4
| NFPA-R = 2
| NFPA-S =
| FlashPtC = -136
| AutoignitionPtC = 542.8
  }}<ref>[http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/8655 ETHYLENE | CAMEO Chemicals | NOAA]. Cameochemicals.noaa.gov. Retrieved on 2016-04-24.</ref>|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherFunction =
| OtherFunction_label =
| OtherCompounds = [[Ethane]]<br />[[Acetylene]] <br />[[Propene]]
  }}||}}

'''Science''' (frae the [[Laitin leid|Laitin]] ''scio'', meanin "tae ken") is a wey tae find oot things. Whiles the wird "science" is uised for tae refer tae the [[knawledge]] that is fund uisin the methods o science.

{{Other uses|Melon (disambiguation)}}
[[Image:Cantaloupe and canary melon.jpg|thumb|Canary Melon an cantaloupe]]
, Roushie]]
A '''melon''' is ony o various plants o the faimily [[Cucurbitaceae]] wi edible, fleshy [[fruit]]. The wird "melon" can refer tae either the plant or specifically tae the fruit. Mony different [[cultivars]] hae been producit, pairticularly o [[muskmelon]]s.

{{fixscots}}

|birth_place       = [[Slough]], then [[Buckinghamshire]] nou [[Berkshire]], [[Ingland]]
|death_date        = {{death date and age|df=yes|1871|05|11|1792|03|07}}
|death_place       = Collingwood, near [[Hawkhurst]], [[Kent]], [[Ingland]]
|residence         =
|citizenship       =
|nationality       =
|ethnicity         =
|field             =
|work_institutions =
|alma_mater        =
|doctoral_advisor  =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for         = The invention o [[photografie]]
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences        =
|influenced        =
|prizes            =
|religion          =
|signature         =
|footnotes         =
}}
'''Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet''', [[Ryal Guelphic Order|KH]], [[Fellae o the Ryal Society|FRS]] (7 Mairch 1792&nbsp;– 11 Mey 1871)<ref name=HersNAH>{{cite web 
 |title=Herschel, Sir John Frederick William, 1792-1871, astronomer 
 |work=[[NAHSTE]] project 
 |publisher=[[University of Edinburgh]] 
 |url=http://www.nahste.ac.uk/isaar/GB_0237_NAHSTE_P0327.html 
 |access-date=2014-03-26 
 |archive-date=2007-05-10 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070510211707/http://www.nahste.ac.uk/isaar/GB_0237_NAHSTE_P0327.html 
 |url-status=dead 
 }}</ref>
wis an [[Ingland|Inglis]] [[mathematician]], [[astronomer]], [[chemist]], an experimental [[photographer]]/inventor, who in some years an aa did valuable [[botanical]] wirk.<ref name=HersNAH/>

{{distinguish|Java (programmin leid)|Java (saftware platform)|JScript|Javanese script}}
{{short description|Heich-level programmin leid}}
</ref>
}}
| File format = 
| website = 
| wikibooks = JavaScript
| year = {{start date and age|1995|12|4}}<ref name="press_release">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070916144913/http://wp.netscape.com/newsref/pr/newsrelease67.html Press release announcing JavaScript], "Netscape and Sun announce JavaScript", PR Newswire, December 4, 1995</ref>
| latest_release_version = ECMAScript 2020<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/11.0/|title=Standard ECMA-262|publisher=Ecma International|date=2020-06-17}}</ref>
| latest_release_date = {{start date and age|2020|6}}
| latest_preview_version = ECMAScript 2021
| latest_preview_date = 
| influenced_by = [[AWK]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Brendan Eich: An Introduction to JavaScript, JSConf 2010|quote="Eich: "function", eight letters, I was influenced by AWK."|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1EyRscXrehw|accessdate=November 25, 2019|p=22m}}</ref>, [[C (programmin leid)|C]], [[HyperTalk]], [[Java (programmin leid)|Java]]<ref>{{cite web|title="Coders at Work: Reflections on the Craft of programmin"|quote="Eich: The immediate concern at Netscape was it must look like Java."|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nneBa6-mWfgC&pg=PA141&lpg=PA141&dq=The+immediate+concern+at+Netscape+was+it+must+look+like+Java.&source=bl&ots=gGvuIcRU5u&sig=OGPam0PUoNHEn9DA3OYrbWpQXX8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi53LL6nbvfAhUK7YMKHUX3CgIQ6AEwAHoECAUQAQ#v=onepage&q=The%20immediate%20concern%20at%20Netscape%20was%20it%20must%20look%20like%20Java.&f=false|accessdate=December 25, 2018}}</ref>, [[Lua (programmin leid)|Lua]], [[Perl]], [[Python (programmin leid)|Python]], [[Scheme (programmin leid)|Scheme]], [[Self (programmin leid)|Self]]
}}

| subdivision_type1       = [[Autonomous commonties o Spain|Autonomous commonty]]
| subdivision_name1       = {{flag|Catalonie}}
| subdivision_type2       = [[Provinces o Spain|Province]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Province o Barcelona|Barcelona]]
| seat_type               = [[Caipital ceety|Capital]]
| seat                    = [[Sabadell]] an [[Terrassa]]
| parts_type              = Municipalities
| parts_style             = list
| p1                      = [[Barberà del Vallès]], [[Castellar del Vallès]], [[Castellbisbal]], [[Cerdanyola del Vallès]], [[Gallifa]], [[Matadepera]], [[Montcada i Reixac]], [[Palau-solità i Plegamans]], [[Polinyà]], [[Rellinars]], [[Ripollet]], [[Rubí, Barcelona|Rubí]], [[Sabadell]], [[Sant Cugat del Vallès]], [[Sant Llorenç Savall]], [[Sant Quirze del Vallès]], [[Santa Perpètua de Mogoda]], [[Sentmenat]], [[Terrassa]], [[Ullastrell]], [[Vacarisses]], [[Viladecavalls]]
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = 
| leader_name             = 
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_total_km2          =  585.2
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = 715181
| population_as_of        = 2002
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = &nbsp;
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Leet o municipalities o Spain|Lairgest municipality]]
| blank_info_sec1         = [[Sabadell]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = [[Leet o postal codes in Spain|Postal code]]
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone nummers in Spain|Dialin code]]
| area_code               = 
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = 
}}

'''Gravitational waws''' is [[spacetime]] lippers that kythes as waws.

(goddess o love) is eften uised tae represent the female sex an is the [[alchemical seembol]] for copper.]]
'''Female''' (♀) is the [[sex]] o an [[organism]], or a pairt o an organism, that produces non-mobile [[ovum|ova]] (egg cells). Maist female [[mammal]]s, includin female humans, hae twa [[X chromosome]]s.
{{see also|Female reproductive seestem|female genital mittlin}}
{{authority control}}
[[Category:Females| ]]
[[Category:Gender]]
[[Category:Sex]]
[[Category:Weemen]]

{{short description|Japanese Go player}}
'''Kumiko Yashiro''' is a Japanese [[perfaision]]al [[Go (gemme)|Go]] player at [[Nihon Ki-in]].<ref name="base">[https://gobase.org/information/players/?pp=Yashiro%20Kumiko Kumiko Yashiro at GoBase]</ref><ref name="sensei">[https://senseis.xmp.net/?YashiroKumiko Kumiko Yashiro at Sensei's Library]</ref><ref name="pro">[https://www.nihonkiin.or.jp/player/htm/ki000332.htm Official profile]</ref> Her [[husband]] is an aw a perfaisional Go player.
==Records==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year || Notes<ref name="base"/><ref name="sensei"/><ref name="pro"/>
|-
|1994
|Obtainit perfaisional status
|-
|1999
|Finalist at the Weemen's Champion title (女流最強位)
|-
|2002
|Promotit tae 5 dan
|-
|2003
|Challenger at the Weemen's Honinbo title (女流本因坊). She an aw obtainit 200 career wins.
|-
|2005 & 2006
|Obtainit the Weemen's Honinbo title. She defeatit [[Kaori Chinen]] in 2005. She kept the title until her lose tae [[Xie Yimin]] in 2007.
|-
|2005
|Receivit the female MVP (棋道賞女流賞)
|-
|2007
|[[Teacher]] at [[NHK]] Go programs
|-
|2011
|Qualifiit tae the challenger determination league at the Weemen's Grand Master title (女流名人)
|-
|2013
|Promotit tae 6 dan
|-
|2018
|Finalist at the Weemen's Grand Master title. Her opponent wis [[Rina Fujisawa]].
|}
==References==
{{reflist}}

instead -->
| type                    = [[Depairtments o Fraunce|Depairtment]]
| image_skyline           = Quimper 31 La Préfecture et l'Odet.jpg
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = [[Prefecturs in Fraunce|Prefectur]] biggin o the Finistère depairtment, in Quimper
| image_flag              = 
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Blason29.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Finistère-Position.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location o Finistère in Fraunce
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|48|15|N|04|00|W|region:FR_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o sovereign states|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Fraunce]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions o Fraunce|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Brittany (admeenistrative region)|Brittany]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = [[Prefecturs in Fraunce|Prefectur]]
| seat                    = [[Quimper, Finistère|Quimper]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefecturs in Fraunce|Subprefecturs]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Brest, Fraunce|Brest]]<br>[[Châteaulin]]<br>[[Morlaix]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = [[Socialist Pairty (Fraunce)|PS]]
| leader_title            = [[Preses o the general cooncil|Preses o the General Cooncil]]
| leader_name             = [[Pierre Maille]]
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude          = 
| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 6733
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_max_m         = 
| population_footnotes    = <ref>[http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=2&ref_id=POPOP015 INSEE Finistere 2012.] Retrieved 10 April 2009.</ref>
| population_total        = 901293
| population_as_of        = 2012
| population_rank         = [[Leet o French depairtments bi population|24t]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Depairtments o Fraunce|Depairtment nummer]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 29
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements o Fraunce|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[arrondissements o the Finistère depairtment|4]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in Fraunce|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[cantons o the Finistère depairtment|27]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in Fraunce|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[communes o the Finistère depairtment|283]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = 
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = {{note|area|1}} French Laund Register data, which exclude [[estuary|estuaries]], an lochs, ponds, an glaciers lairger nor 1 km<sup>2</sup>
}}
'''Finistère''' ({{IPA-fr|fi.nis.tɛʁ}}; {{lang-br|Penn-ar-Bed}} {{IPA-br|ˌpɛnarˈbeːt}}) is a [[Depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment]] o [[Fraunce]] in the extreme wast o [[Brittany]].

| birth_place = [[Örebro]], [[Swaden]]
| nationality = [[Swadish fowk|Swadish]]
| death_date  = {{death date and age|1978|9|26|1886|12|3|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Stockholm]], [[Swaden]]
| field       = [[Physics]]
| workplaces  = [[Varsity o Lund]]<br>[[Varsity o Uppsala]]<br> [[Varsity o Stockholm]]
| alma_mater  = [[Varsity o Lund]]
| known_for   = [[X-ray spectroscopy]]
| prizes      = {{Plainlist|
* [[Nobel Prize for Pheesics]] {{small|(1924)}}
* [[Hughes Medal]] {{small|(1934)}}
* [[Rumford Medal]] {{small|(1940)}}
* [[Fellae o the Ryal Society|ForMemRS]] {{small|(1954)}}<ref name="frs"/>
* [[Duddell Medal an Prize]] <small>(1948)</small>}}
| spouse            = Karin Högbom
| children          = 
{{Plainlist |
* [[Bo Siegbahn|Bo]]
* [[Kai Siegbahn|Kai]]
}}
| footnotes   = He is the faither o Nobel laureate [[Kai Siegbahn]].
}}
'''Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=[[Foreign Member o the Ryal Society|ForMemRS]]}}<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal | last1 = Atterling | first1 = H. | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1991.0022 | title = Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn. 3 December 1886-24 September 1978 | journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 37 | pages = 428–426 | year = 1991 | pmid =  | pmc = }}</ref> (3 December 1886 – 26 September 1978)<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1924/siegbahn-bio.html Biography from the Nobel foundation website]</ref> wis a [[Swaden|Swadish]] [[pheesicist]] wha wis awairdit the [[Nobel Prize in Pheesics]] in 1924 "for his discoveries an resairch in the field o [[X-ray spectroscopy]]".<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1924/index.html Nobel prize citation]</ref><ref>{{Cite journal 
| last1 = Shampo | first1 = M. A. 
| last2 = Kyle | first2 = R. A. 
| title = Manne Siegbahn--Nobel Prize for x-ray spectroscopy 
| journal = Mayo Clinic proceedings. Mayo Clinic 
| volume = 73 
| issue = 3 
| pages = 249 
| year = 1998 
| pmid = 9511784
 | doi=10.1016/S0025-6196(11)64468-6
}}</ref><ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1924/ Siegbahn Biography on Nobel prize website]</ref>

{{short description|Japanese Go player}}
{{distinguish|Izumi Kobayashi|Reiko Kobayashi}}
'''Chizu Kobayashi''' is a Japanese [[perfaision]]al [[Go (gemme)|Go]] player at [[Nihon Ki-in]].<ref name="base">[https://gobase.org/information/players/?pp=Kobayashi%20Chizu Chizu Kobayashi at GoBase]</ref><ref name="sensei">[https://senseis.xmp.net/?KobayashiChizu Chizu Kobayashi at Sensei's Library]</ref> She haes several perfaisional Go players in her relatives. Her brither is the CEO o Nihon Ki-in.
==Records==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year!!Notes<ref name="base"/><ref name="sensei"/>
|-
|1966
|Semi-finalist at the Aw Japan Female Amateur Go Championship ([[:ja:全日本女流アマチュア囲碁選手権大会]]) 
|-
|1972
|Obtainit professional status
|-
|1976 & 1977
|Receivit female MVP (棋道賞女流賞)
|-
|1986
|Publishit a Go [[beuk]] wi [[Tomoko Ogawa]] (『女流プロにチャレンジ 実力アマ血涙十戦譜-プロ・アマ読み筋くらべ』)
|-
|1989, 1993 & 1997
|Obtainit the female Kakusei (女流鶴聖)
|-
|1997
|Publishit Go [[comics]] bi [[NHK]] (『コミックでおぼえる囲碁』)
|-
|2000
|Obtainit 300 career wins
|-
|2007
|Electit tae the cultural exchange ambassador bi the [[govrenment]] 
|-
|Juin 2010 - Juin 2012 & Juin 2016 - Juin 2018
|Servit as the director o Nihon Ki-in
|-
|2016
|Promotit tae 6 [[dan]]
|}
===Go promotion activities===
She wis sent tae [[Europe]] an the [[Unitit States]] for the promotion o Go.<ref name="base"/><ref name="sensei"/> Due tae this activity, she haes several [[student]]s frae Europe. Some o them eventually obtainit perfaisional status at Nihon Ki-in.<ref name="base"/><ref name="sensei"/>

'''Jaklin Çarkçı''' (born 1958) is a [[mezzo-soprano]] o the [[Turkis State Opera an Ballet|Istanbul State Opera]] in [[Turkey]].<ref name="Çarkçı'ya İtalya'dan ödül">{{cite news|title=Çarkçı'ya İtalya'dan ödül|url=http://hurarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/goster/ShowNew.aspx?id=3739761|accessdate=9 January 2013|newspaper=Hurriyet|language=Turkish}}</ref><ref name="Artistic and erotic mezzo-soprano of the Carmen Opera">{{cite news|last=ZİFLİOĞLU|first=VERCİHAN|title=Artistic and erotic mezzo-soprano of the Carmen Opera|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=artistic-and-erotic-mezzo-soprano-of-the-carmen-opera-2007-07-14|accessdate=9 January 2013|newspaper=Hurriyet Daily News|date=2007-07-14|archive-date=2016-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611063422/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=artistic-and-erotic-mezzo-soprano-of-the-carmen-opera-2007-07-14|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=pars>{{cite book|last=(Witherspoon)|first=Hilda Ekmekciyan|title=Pars Tuğlacı'nın 50 yıllık çok yönlü faaliyet kronolojisi|year=2006|publisher=Pars Yayın ve Tic. Ttd. Şti.|location=İstanbul|isbn=9789757423072}}</ref>

</ref>
| genes = 804 ([[Consensus CDS Project|CCDS]])<ref name="CCDS">{{cite web | title=Search results - X&#91;CHR&#93; AND "Homo sapiens"&#91;Organism&#93; AND ("has ccds"&#91;Properties&#93; AND alive&#91;prop&#93;)  - Gene | website= NCBI |version = CCDS Release 20 for ''Homo sapiens'' | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?term=X%5BChr%5D%20AND%20%22Homo%20sapiens%22%5BOrganism%5D%20AND%20%28%22has%20ccds%22%5BProperties%5D%20AND%20alive%5Bprop%5D%29&cmd=DetailsSearch |date=2016-09-08 | accessdate=2017-05-28}}</ref>
| type = [[Allosome]]
| centromere_position = [[Centromere#Submetacentric|Submetacentric]]<ref name="StrachanRead2010">{{cite book|author1=Tom Strachan|author2=Andrew Read|title=Human Molecular Genetics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dSwWBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45|date=2 April 2010|publisher=Garland Science|isbn=978-1-136-84407-2|page=45}}</ref><br/>(61.0 Mbp<ref name="850bphs">Genome Decoration Page, NCBI.   [ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/gdp/ideogram_9606_GCF_000001305.14_850_V1 Ideogram data for Homo sapience (850 bphs, Assembly GRCh38.p3)]. Last update 2014-06-03. Retrieved 2017-04-26.</ref>)
| chr = X
| ensembl_id = X
| entrez_id = X
| ncbi_id = X
| ucsc_id = X
| refseq_id = NC_000023
| genbank_id = CM000685
}}
The '''X chromosome''' is ane o the twa [[sex determination seestem|sex-determinin]] [[chromosome]]s ([[allosome]]s) in mony organisms, includin mammals (the ither is the [[Y chromosome]]), an is foind in bauth males an females. It is a pairt o the [[XY sex-determination seestem]] an [[X0 sex-determination seestem]]. The X chromosome wis named for its unique properties bi early researchers, that resultit in the namin o its coonterpairt Y chromosome, for the next letter in the alphabet, efter it wis diskivered later.<ref name="nyt-angier">{{cite web
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/01/science/01angi.html
| title = For Motherly X Chromosome, Gender Is Only the Beginning
| last = Angier
| first = Natalie
| publisher = New York Times
| date = 2007-05-01
| accessdate = 2007-05-01}}</ref>

{{fixscots|date=September 2020}}

A '''dentist''', forby kent as a '''dental surgeon''', is a heal care practeetioner wha specialises in the diagnosis, prevention, an treatment o diseases an condeetions o the [[Mooth|oral cavity]].

{{Automatic taxobox
| taxon = Brassicales
| image = (MHNT) Alliaria petiolata - flowers.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Alliaria petiolata]]'', garlic mustard ([[Brassicaceae]])
| authority = [[Edward Bromhead|Bromhead]]<ref name=APGIII2009>{{cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525104318/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x/abstract |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2017-05-25 |format=PDF |accessdate=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }} {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525104318/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x/abstract |date=2017-05-25 }}</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Faimilies
| subdivision =
* [[Akaniaceae]]
* [[Bataceae]]
* [[Brassicaceae]]
* [[Capparaceae]]
* [[Caricaceae]]
* [[Cleomaceae]]
* [[Emblingiaceae]]
* [[Gyrostemonaceae]]
* [[Koeberliniaceae]]
* [[Limnanthaceae]]
* [[Moringa]]ceae
* [[Pentadiplandraceae]]
* [[Resedaceae]]
* [[Salvadoraceae]]
* [[Setchellanthaceae]]
* [[Tovariaceae]]
* [[Tropaeolaceae]]
}}
The '''Brassicales''' are an [[order (biology)|order]] o [[flouerin plant]]s, belangin tae the [[eurosids II]] group o [[dicotyledon]]s unner the [[APG II]] system.<ref>{{cite journal |author=[[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] |year=2003 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II |journal=[[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society]] |volume=141 |issue=4 |pages=399–436 |doi=10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x}}</ref>

| birth_place = [[Hiroshima]], Japan
| death_date  = {{Death-date and age|March 27, 1952|August 8, 1875}}
| death_place = Hiroshima, Japan
| occupation     = [[Entrepreneur|Foonder]], [[Mazda|Mazda Motor Corporation]]
| spouse         = 
}}
'''Jujiro Matsuda''' (松田重次郎|Matsuda Jūjirō) (August 8, 1875 - Mairch 9, 1952) wis a [[Japan]]ese [[industrialist]] an [[businessman]] who foondit [[automobile manufacturer|automaker]] [[Mazda|Mazda Motor Corporation]].

inscribed ''Sappho o Eressos,'' Roman copy o a Greek oreeginal o the 5t century BC]]
'''Sappho''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|æ|f|oʊ}}; [[Attic Greek]] {{lang|grc|Σαπφώ}} {{IPA-el|sapːʰɔ̌ː|}}, [[Aeolic Greek]] {{lang|grc|Ψάπφω}}, ''Psappho'' {{IPA-el|psápːʰɔː|}}) wis a [[Greek leeric poet]], born on the island o [[Lesbos]]. The [[Alexandrian schuil|Alexandrians]] includit her in the leet o [[nine lyric poets]]. Her birth wis sometime atween 630 an 612 BC, an it is said that she died aroond 570 BC, but little is kent for certain aboot her life. The bulk o her poetry, which wis well-kent an greatly admired through much o antiquity, haes been lost, but her immense reputation haes endured through survivin fragments.

'''Cantopop''' ({{zh|粵語流行音樂}}) is a colloquialism for "[[Staundart Cantonese|Cantonese]] popular muisic". It is sometimes referred tae as '''HK-pop''', short for "[[Hong Kong]] popular muisic". It is categorisit as a [[genre|subgenre]] o [[Cheena|Cheenese]] [[popular muisic]] athin [[C-pop]]. Cantopop draws its influence no anerlie frae ither forms o [[Cheenese muisic]], but frae internaitional styles, includin [[jazz]], [[rock an roll]], [[rhythm an blues]], [[electronic muisic]], [[Wastren cultur|Wastren]] [[pop muisic]] an ithers. Cantopop sangs are amaist invariably performit in [[Cantonese leid|Cantonese]].  Boastin a multinaitional fanbase especially in [[Sootheast Asie]] kintras such as [[Malaysie]], [[Singapore]], [[Indonesie]], [[Thailand]], an in the [[Guangdong]] province o [[mainland Cheenae]], [[Hong Kong]] remains the maist significant hub o the genre.<ref name="CBM">China Briefing Media. [2004] (2004) Business Guide to the Greater Pearl River Delta. China Briefing Media Ltd. ISBN 988-98673-1-1</ref>

{{fixscots|date=Februar 2021}}

{{fixscots}}
{{Taxobox
|name = Lamiales
|image=Galeopsis speciosa (Zellwald).jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Galeopsis speciosa]]''
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
|ordo = '''Lamiales'''
|ordo_authority = [[Edward Ffrench Bromhead|Bromhead]]
|subdivision_ranks = Faimilies
|subdivision = 
*[[Acanthaceae]]
*[[Bignoniaceae]]
*[[Byblidaceae]]
*[[Calceolariaceae]]
*[[Carlemanniaceae]]
*[[Gesneriaceae]]
*[[Lamiaceae]]
*[[Lentibulariaceae]]
*[[Martyniaceae]]
*[[Oleaceae]]
*[[Orobanchaceae]]
*[[Paulowniaceae]]
*[[Pedaliacae]]
*[[Phrymaceae]]
*[[Plantaginaceae]]
*[[Plocospermataceae]]
*[[Schlegeliaceae]]
*[[Scrophulariaceae]]
*[[Stilbaceae]]
*[[Tetrachondraceae]]
*[[Verbenaceae]]
}}

{{fixscots|date=Januar 2021}}

'''Wilhelm Richard Wagner''' ([[22 Mey]] [[1813]] in [[Leipzig]] – [[13 Februar]] [[1883]] in [[Venice]]) wis an gey moyen [[Germany|German]] [[componer]], [[muisic theory|muisic theorist]], an [[essayist]], maistlie kent for his grundbrakking symphonic-[[opera]]s (or "music dramas"). His warks is byordinar for thair conteenous [[contrapuntal]] [[textur (music)|textur]], rich [[harmony|harmonies]] an [[orchestration]], an elaborate uiss o [[leitmotif]]s: themes pitten thegither wi parteeclar chairacters or seetiations. Wagner's [[chromatic scale|chromatic]] muisical leid wis lik later oncomes in [[European classical muisic]], includin unco chromaticism an [[atonality]]. He chynged muisical thocht throu his idea o ''Gesamtkunstwerk'' ("hail airt-wark"), epitomed bi his muckle fower-opera cycle ''[[Der Ring des Nibelungen]]'' ([[1876]]). His concep o leitmotif an integrated muisical expression wis a stieve fluence on monie [[20t hunderyear]] [[film score]]s. Forby Wagner is an unco controversial feegur, baith for his muisical an dramatic innovations, an for his unco public expression o [[Anti-Semitism|anti-semitic]] ideas.

{{taxobox
|name = ''Amaranthus''
|image = Amaranthus tricolor0.jpg
|image_caption = ''[[Amaranthus tricolor|A. tricolor]]''
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Core eudicots]]
|ordo = [[Caryophyllales]]
|familia = [[Amaranthaceae]]
|subfamilia = [[Amaranthoideae]]
|genus = '''''Amaranthus'''''
|genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = See text
}}
'''''Amaranthus''''', collectively kent as '''amaranth''',<ref>{{Cite web|title = Amaranthaceae {{!}} plant family|url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/18481/Amaranthaceae#ref230955|accessdate = 2015-06-02}}</ref> is a [[cosmopolitan distribution|cosmopolitan]] [[genus]] o [[annual plant|annual]] or short-lived [[perennial plant]]s. Some amaranth species are cultivatit as [[leaf vegetable]]s, [[pseudocereal]]s, an [[ornamental plant]]s.

{{taxobox
|image = Rumex X patientia Sturm55.jpg
|image_caption = '''Patience dock'''<br/>(''[[Rumex patientia]]'')
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Core eudicots]]
|ordo = [[Caryophyllales]]
|familia = [[Polygonaceae]]
|genus = '''''Rumex'''''
|genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] [[Species Plantarum|1753]]
|type_species = ''[[Rumex patientia]]'' L.
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = Aboot 200
|synonyms = ''Lapathum'' [[Mill.]]<br/>
''Bucephalophora''  [[Pau]]<br/>
Sources: ING,<ref name="ing">{{cite web
 | url = http://botany.si.edu/ing/INGsearch.cfm?searchword=Rumex
 | title = ''Rumex'' 
 | accessdate = 2008-07-01
 | date = 2006-02-20
 | work = Index Nominum Genericorum
 | publisher = [[International Association for Plant Taxonomy]]
}}</ref> UniProt,<ref name="UniProt">{{UniProt Taxonomy
| name = Genus Rumex
| id = 3618
| accessdate = 2008-07-01
}}</ref> ITIS,<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=20961 |taxon=''Rumex graminifolius'' J.H. Rudolphi ex Lamb. |accessdate=1 July 2008}}</ref> IPNI,<ref name="IPNI">{{IPNI
 | id = 328551-2
 | date = 2008-07-01
}}</ref> GRIN<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web
 | url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?10584
 | title = Genus: ''Rumex'' L.
 | accessdate = 2008-07-02
 | author = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN)
 | authorlink = Germplasm Resources Information Network
 | date = 2005-08-04
 | work = Taxonomy for Plants
 | publisher = [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland
 | archive-date = 2009-01-15
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090115063708/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?10584
 | url-status = dead
 }}</ref>
|}}
{{nutritional value | name=Dock, raw (Rumex spp.)
| kJ=92
| protein=2 g
| fat=0.7 g
| carbs=3.2 g
| fiber=2.9 g
| calcium_mg=44
| iron_mg=2.4
| magnesium_mg=103
| phosphorus_mg=63
| potassium_mg=390
| zinc_mg=0.2
| manganese_mg=0.349
| vitC_mg=48
| thiamin_mg=0.04
| riboflavin_mg=0.1
| niacin_mg=0.5
| vitB6_mg=0.122
| folate_ug=13
| vitA_ug=200
| source_usda = 1
| note=[http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list?qlookup=11616&format=Full Link to USDA Database entry]
}}

[[GHS hazard pictogrammes|pictogramme]] for poisonous substances. The [[Skull an crossbanes (pushion)|skull an crossbanes]] haes lang been a staundart seembol for pushion.]]
In [[biology]], '''pushions''' are [[Chemical substance|substances]] that cause disturbances in [[organism]]s, usually by [[chemical reaction]] or other [[activity (chemistry)|activity]] on the [[molecular]] scale, when an organism absorbs a sufficient quantity.<ref>{{DorlandsDict|six/000084583|poison}}</ref><ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/poison "Poison"] at ''Merriam-Webster''. Retrieved December 26th, 2014.</ref>

{{taxobox
| name = Sweet Tattie
| image = Ipomoea batatas (Sweet Potato) Flower.jpg
| image2 = Ipomoea batatas 006.JPG
| image_width = frameless{{!}}upright=1.10
| image_caption = Sweet tattie in flouer in [[Hong Kong]], Cheenae
| image2_caption     = Sweet tattie ruits
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
| unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
| ordo = [[Solanales]]
| familia = [[Convolvulaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Ipomoea]]''
| species = '''''I. batatas'''''
| binomial = ''Ipomoea batatas''
| binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]) Lam.}}

, State o Mexico]]
The '''Aztec''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|z|t|ɛ|k}}<ref>''Aztec.'' (2012). Dictionary.com. Retrieved January 1, 2102, from [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/aztec?s=t link]</ref> fowk war certain ethnic groups o central [[Mexico]], pairteecularly those groups who spoke the [[Nahuatl|Nahuatl leid]] an who dominatit muckle pairts o [[Mesoamericae]] frae the 14t tae 16t centuries. The [[Nahuatl]] wirds ''aztecatl'' {{IPA-nah|asˈtekat͡ɬ|}} (singular)<ref name="mx"/> an ''aztecah'' {{IPA-nah|asˈtekaʔ|}} ([[plural]])<ref name="mx" >''Náhuatl: AR-Z.'' (n.d.). Vocabulario.com.mx. Retrieved August 30, 2012, form [http://www.vocabulario.com.mx/nahuatl/diccionario_nahuatl_a4.html ]</ref> mean "fowk frae [[Aztlan]]",<ref name="Aztec">[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Aztec etymonline.com: Aztec]</ref> a meethological place for the Nahuatl-speakin cultur o the time, an later adoptit as the wird tae define the [[Mexica]] fowk. Eften the term "Aztec" refers exclusively tae the [[Mexica]] fowk o [[Tenochtitlan]] (nou the location o [[Mexico Ceety]]), situatit on an island in [[Loch Texcoco]], who referred tae themsels as ''Mēxihcah Tenochcah'' {{IPA-nah|meːˈʃiʔkaʔ teˈnot͡ʃkaʔ|}} or ''Cōlhuah Mexihcah'' {{IPA-nah|ˈkoːlwaʔ meːˈʃiʔkaʔ|}}.

|Lageplan          = Gross Rheide in SL.PNG
|Bundesland        = Schleswig-Holstein
|Kreis             = Schleswig-Flensburg
|Amt               = Kropp-Stapelholm
|Höhe              = 13
|Fläche            = 15.37
|Einwohner         = 1030
|Stand             = 2006-12-31
|PLZ               = 24872
|Vorwahl           = 04624
|Kfz               = SL
|Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 59 035
|NUTS              = DEF0C
|LOCODE            = DE GRX
|Adresse-Verband   = Am Markt 10<br />24848 Kropp
|Website           = [http://www.kropp.de/ www.kropp.de]
|Bürgermeister     = Werner Koch
|Partei            =
}}

|death_place = [[Paris]], [[Fraunce]]
|alma_mater       = [[Varsity o Paris]] (BA/MA)
|institutions     = [[Varsity o Paris VIII]]
|school_tradition  = [[Continental philosophie]]<br>[[Post-structuralism]]<ref>Claire Colebrook, ''Philosophy and Post-structuralist Theory: From Kant to Deleuze'', Edinburgh University Press, 2005.</ref>
|main_interests    = [[Aesthetics]], [[history o Wastren philosophie]], [[metaphilosofie]], [[metapheesics]]
|notable_ideas     = [[Affect (philosophie)|Affect]], [[Assemblage (philosophie)|assemblage]], [[bouk withoot organs]], [[deterritorialization]], [[line o flicht]], [[Minority (philosophie)|minority]], [[plane o immanence]], [[Rhizome (philosophie)|rhizome]], [[schizoanalysis]], [[transcendental empiricism]],<ref>Gilles Deleuze, ''[[Difference and Repetition]]'', A&C Black, 2004[1968], pp. 56 and 143.</ref><ref>Adrian Parr (ed.), ''The Deleuze Dictionary (Revised Edition)'', Edinburgh University Press, 2010, p. 289: "Unlike Kant, Deleuze does not conceive of [...] unthought conditions as abstract or necessary philosophical entities, but as contingent tendencies beyond the reach of empirical consciousness."</ref> [[univocity o bein]], the [[Virtuality (philosophie)|Virtual]]
|influences        = [[Gregory Bateson|Bateson]], [[Henri Bergson|Bergson]], [[Samuel Beckett|Beckett]], [[Jorge Luis Borges|Borges]], [[William S. Burroughs|Burroughs]],<ref>Michael A. Peters, ''Poststructuralism, Marxism, and Neoliberalism: Between Theory and Politics'', Rowman & Littlefield, 2001, p. 103.</ref> [[David Hume|Hume]], [[Baruch Spinoza|Spinoza]], [[Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzsche]], [[Duns Scotus|Scotus]], [[Karl Marx|Marx]], [[Gottfried Leibniz|Leibniz]], [[Marcel Proust|Proust]], [[Gilbert Simondon|Simondon]], [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]], [[Sigmund Freud|Freud]], [[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre]], [[Jacques Lacan|Lacan]], [[Louis Althusser|Althusser]], [[Michel Foucault|Foucault]], [[Pierre Klossowski|Klossowski]], [[Georges Canguilhem|Canguilhem]], [[Jean Hyppolite|Hyppolite]], [[Ferdinand Alquié|Alquié]], [[Maurice de Gandillac|Gandillac]], [[Jakob von Uexküll]],<ref name="Agamben 39">[[Giorgio Agamben]], ''The Open: Man and Animal'', trans. Kevin Attell (Stanford University Press, 2004), p. 39.</ref> [[Alfred North Whitehead|Whitehead]],<ref>Gilles Deleuze and Claire Parnet, ''Dialogues II'', Columbia University Press, 2007, p. vii.</ref> [[Charles Sanders Peirce|Peirce]],<ref>Gilles Deleuze, ''[[Cinema 1: The Movement Image|Cinema 1: The Movement-Image]]'', A&C Black, 2001, p. 69.</ref> [[Jean Wahl|Wahl]]<ref>Gilles Deleuze and Claire Parnet, ''Dialogues II'', Columbia University Press, 2007, pp. 57–8, trans. Hugh Tomlinson and Barbara Habberjam: "Apart from Sartre, the most important philosopher in France was Jean Wahl." Deleuze goes on to credit Wahl for introducing him to English and American thought. Wahl was among the very first to write about [[Alfred North Whitehead]] and [[William James]]—both arguably very important to Deleuze—in French. The idea of Anglo-American pluralism in Deleuze's work shows influence of Jean Wahl (see also Mary Frances Zamberlin, ''Rhizosphere'' (New York: Routledge, 2006, p. 47) and Simone Bignall, Sean Bowden, Paul Patton (eds.), ''Deleuze and Pragmatism'', Routledge, 2014, p. 2).</ref>
|influenced        = [[Félix Guattari|Guattari]], [[Michel Foucault|Foucault]], [[Antonio Negri|Negri]], [[Michael Hardt|Hardt]], [[Brian Massumi|Massumi]], [[Manuel DeLanda|DeLanda]], [[Luis Alberto Spinetta|Spinetta]],  [[Rosi Braidotti|Braidotti]], [[Peter Sloterdijk|Sloterdijk]], [[Levi Bryant|Bryant]], [[Bernard Stiegler|Stiegler]], [[Michael J. Shapiro|Shapiro]], [[Bryan Reynolds|Reynolds]], [[Giorgio Agamben|Agamben]]
}}
'''Gilles Deleuze''' ({{IPA-fr|ʒil dəløz|lang}}; 18 Januar 1925&nbsp;– 4 November 1995) wis a French [[philosopher]] who, frae the early 1960s till his daith, wrote on [[philosophie]], [[leeteratur]], [[film]], an [[fine airt]]. His maist popular warks war the twa volumes o ''[[Capitalism and Schizophrenia]]'': ''[[Anti-Oedipus]]'' (1972) an ''[[A Thousand Plateaus]]'' (1980), baith co-written wi psychoanalyst [[Félix Guattari]]. His metapheesical treatise ''[[Difference and Repetition]]'' (1968) is conseedert bi mony scholars tae be his [[Masterpiece|magnum opus]].<ref name=SEP>{{cite web|title=Gilles Deleuze|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/deleuze/|work=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|accessdate=17 February 2011}} See also: "''Difference and Repetition'' is definitely the most important work published by Deleuze." (Edouard Morot-Sir, from the back cover of the first edition of the English translation), or James Williams' judgment: "It is nothing less than a revolution in philosophy and stands out as one of the great philosophical works of the twentieth century" (James Williams, ''Gilles Deleuze's Difference and Repetition: A Critical Introduction and Guide'' [Edinburgh UP, 2003], p. 1).</ref> [[A. W. Moore (philosopher)|A. W. Moore]], citin [[Bernard Williams]]'s criteria for a great thinker, ranks Deleuze amang the "greatest philosophers".<ref name="Moore" >[[A. W. Moore (philosopher)|A. W. Moore]], [https://books.google.it/books?id=vo-ZLmfwe_oC&pg=PA543  ''The Evolution of Modern Metaphysics: Making Sense of Things''], Cambridge University Press, 2012, p. 543: 'intellectual power and depth; a grasp of the sciences; a sense of the political, and of human destructiveness as well as creativity; a broad range and a fertile imagination; an unwillingness to settle for the superficially reassuring; and, in an unusually lucky case, the gifts of a great writer.'</ref> His wark haes influenced a variety o disciplines athort philosophie an airt, includin [[leeterar theory]], [[post-structuralism]] an [[postmodrenism]].<ref name="See 1991">See, for example, [[Steven Best]] an [[Douglas Kellner]], ''Postmodern Theory'' (Guilford Press, 1991), which devotes a chapter to Deleuze and Guattari.</ref>

{{fixscots}}
{{taxobox
|image = Sorghum.jpg
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Commelinids]]
|ordo = [[Poales]]
|familia = [[Poaceae]]
|subfamilia = [[Panicoideae]]
|tribus = [[Andropogoneae]]
|genus = '''''Sorghum'''''
|genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = Aboot 30 species, see text
|}}

{{fixscots|date=Mairch 2021}}

'''Temple Balsall''' ({{gbmapping|SP207760}}) is a hamlet athin the [[Metropolitan Borough of Solihull]] in the [[Ingland|Inglis]] [[Wast Midlands (coonty)|West Midlands]], situatit atween the lairge veelages o [[Knowle]] an [[Balsall Common]]. It wis umwhile in [[Warwickshire]].

{{About|the crime syndicate|the video gemme series|Yakuza (series)}}

)
| settlement_type        = [[Leet o regencies an ceeties o Indonesie|Ceety]]
| motto                  = ''Kayuh Baimbai'' ([[Banjarese leid|Banjarese]]: 'Rowing Together')
| image_skyline          = Jalan_Lambung_Mangkurat_Banjarmasin.jpg
| imagesize              = 
| image_caption          = Jl.Lambung Mangkurat, a street in Banjarmasin ceety
| image_flag             = 
| image_seal             = Lambang Kota Banjarmasin.gif
| image_map              = Lokasi Kalimantan Selatan Kota Banjarmasin.svg
| mapsize                = 
| map_caption            = 
| pushpin_map            = Indonesia
| subdivision_type       = Kintra
| subdivision_name       = [[Indonesie]]
| subdivision_type1      = Province
| subdivision_name1      = [[Sooth Kalimantan]]
| subdivision_type2      = Ceety
| subdivision_name2      = Banjarmasin
| subdivision_type3      = Subdistricts
| subdivision_name3      = 5
| leader_title           = Mayor
| leader_name            = Muhidin
| established_title      = Established
| established_date       = 25 September 1526
| area_magnitude         = 
| area_total_km2         = 98.46
| area_total_sq_mi       = 
| area_land_km2          = 
| area_land_sq_mi        = 
| area_water_km2         = 
| area_water_sq_mi       = 
| area_water_percent     = 
| area_urban_km2         = 
| area_urban_sq_mi       = 
| area_metro_km2         = 3,404.46
| area_metro_sq_mi       = 
| population_as_of       = 2010 Census
| population_note        = 
| population_total       = 625,395
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi = auto
| population_metro       = 1,904,427
| population_density_metro_km2 = 
| population_density_metro_sq_mi = 
| grand total of population      = 
| timezone               = [[Time in Indonesie|WITA]]
| utc_offset             = +8
| timezone_DST           = 
| utc_offset_DST         = 
| coordinates            = {{coord|3|20|S|114|35|E|region:ID|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m            = 1
| elevation_ft           = 
| area_code              = +62 511
| website                = {{URL|http://www.banjarmasinkota.go.id}}
| footnotes              =
}}
'''Banjarmasin''' (aka ''Bandjermasin'' or ''Bandjarmasin'') is the caipital o [[Sooth Kalimantan]], [[Indonesie]].

'''Karma''' ({{lang-sa|कर्म}}; {{IPA-sa|ˈkarmə|IPA|Karma.ogg}}; {{lang-pi|kamma}}) means action, wirk or deed;<ref>See:
* Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 15, New York, pp 679-680, Article on Karma; Quote - "Karma meaning deed or action; in addition, it also has philosophical and technical meaning, denoting a person's deeds as determining his future lot."
* The Encyclopedia of World Religions, Robert Ellwood & Gregory Alles, ISBN 978-0-8160-6141-9, pp 253; Quote - "Karma: Sanskrit word meaning action and the consequences of action."
* Hans Torwesten (1994), Vedanta: Heart of Hinduism, ISBN 978-0802132628, Grove Press New York, pp 97; Quote - "In the Vedas the word karma (work, deed or action, and its resulting effect) referred mainly to..."</ref> it an aa refers tae the principle o [[causality]] whaur intent an actions o an individual influence the futur o that individual.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/312474/karma Karma] Encyclopedia Britannica (2012)</ref>

{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = [[Late Cretaceous]] ([[Campanian]]), ~{{fossil range|76.6|75.1}}
| image = Drumheller 150.jpg
| image_caption = Skeletal mount, [[Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology]]
| display_parents = 3
| taxon = Gorgosaurus 
| authority = [[Lawrence Lambe|Lambe]], 1914
| type_species = {{extinct}}'''''Gorgosaurus libratus'''''
| type_species_authority = Lambe, 1914
| synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true|title=<small>List</small>
|''Deinodon horridus''? <br/><small>[[Joseph Leidy|Leidy]], 1856</small>
|''Laelaps falculus''? <br/><small>[[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]], 1876</small>
|''Laelaps hazenianus''? <br/><small>Cope, 1876</small>
|''Laelaps incrassatus'' <br/><small>Cope, 1876</small>
|''Dryptosaurus kenabekides''? <br/><small>Hay, 1899</small>
|''Gorgosaurus sternbergi'' <br/><small>[[William Diller Matthew|Matthew]] & [[Barnum Brown|Brown]], 1923</small>
|''[[Albertosaurus]] libratus'' <br/><small>(Lambe, 1914)</small>
}} 
}}

|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Perak}}
|established_title      = Establishment
|established_date       = Aroond 1880
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = Datuk Zamri Man
|area_magnitude               = 
|area_total_sq_mi = <!-- Leave blank. Value will be auto-converted. -->
|area_total_km2 = 643
|population_as_of = 2010
|population_total =  757,892
|population_density_sq_mi = <!-- Leave blank. Value will be auto-converted. -->
|population_density_km2 = 1023
|population_metro = 1499,000 <ref>http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/BPD/ad_2010.pdf</ref>
|timezone = [[Malaysie Staundart Time|MST]]
|utc_offset = +8
|timezone_DST = Nae observed
|elevation_m = 21.95
|elevation_ft = 72
|coordinates            = {{coord|4|35|40|N|101|05|00|E|region:MY|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in Malaysie|Postcode]]
|postal_code = 30xxx, 31xxx
|area_code_type               = 
|area_code                    = 05
|iso_code                     = 
|website = {{URL|http://www.mbi.gov.my}}
|footnotes =
}}
'''Ipoh''' ({{zh|s=怡保|p=Yí bǎo}} [[Tamil leid|Tamil]]: ஈப்போ) is the caipital ceety o [[Perak]] state, [[Malaysie]] an an aa ane o the lairgest ceeties in the kintra.

| birth_place      = [[Roum]]
| death_date       = {{death date and age|180|3|17|121|4|26|df=y}}
| death_place      = [[Vindobona]] or [[Sirmium]]
| place of burial  = [[Castel Sant'Angelo|Hadrian's Mausoleum]]
|}}
'''Marcus Aurelius''' ({{IPAc-en|ɔː|ˈ|r|iː|l|i|ə|s}}; {{lang-la|Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus}};<ref>In [[Clessical Laitin]], Aurelius' name would be inscribed as MARCVS AVRELIVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS.</ref>{{#tag:ref|He wis originally named Marcus Annius Catilius Severus (or perhaps Marcus Catilius Severus).<ref>Dio 69.21.1; ''HA Marcus'' 1.9; McLynn, 24.</ref> When he married he teuk the name Marcus Annius Verus,<ref>Dio 69.21.1; ''HA Marcus'' 1.10; McLynn, 24.</ref> an when he wis named emperor, he wis given the name Marcus Aurelius Antoninus.|group=notes}} 26 Aprile 121 AD – 17 Mairch 180 AD) wis a [[Roman Emperor]] frae 161 tae 180. He ruled wi [[Lucius Verus]] as co-emperor frae 161 till Verus' daith in 169. He wis the last o the [[Nerva–Antonine dynasty#Five Guid Emperors|Five Guid Emperors]], an is an aa considered ane o the maist important [[stoicism|Stoic]] philosophers.

| birth_place      = [[Akron, Ohio|Akron]], [[Ohio]]
| death_date       = {{death date and age|mf=yes|2000|12|25|1908|6|25}}
| death_place      = [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]
| spouse           = Naomi Clayton<ref name=mactutor/><br>Marjorie Boynton<ref name=mactutor/>
| alma_mater       = [[Oberlin College]] (B.A., 1930)<br>[[Harvard University]] (Ph.D., 1932)
| institutions     = [[Harvard Varsity]]
| school_tradition = [[Analytic filosofie|Analytic]]
| main_interests   = [[Logic]], [[ontology]], [[epistemology]], [[filosofie o leid]], [[filosofie o mathematics]], [[filosofie o science]], [[set theory]]
| notable_ideas    = [[New Foondations]], [[indeterminacy o translation]], [[naituralised epistemology]], [[ontological relativity]], [[Quine's paradox]], [[Duhem–Quine thesis]], [[Quine–Putnam indispensability thesis]], [[radical translation]], [[inscrutability o reference]], [[confirmation holism]], [[Quine–McCluskey algorithm]], [[Plato's beard]]
| influences       = [[Rudolf Carnap]], [[Alfred Tarski]], [[Vienna Circle]], [[Clarence Irving Lewis|C. I. Lewis]], [[Alfred North Whitehead|A. N. Whitehead]], [[B. F. Skinner]], [[Pierre Duhem]]
| influenced       = [[Roger F. Gibson, Jr.]], [[Donald Davidson (filosofer)|Donald Davidson]], [[Daniel Dennett]], [[David Lewis (filosofer)|David Lewis]], [[Hilary Putnam]], [[Dagfinn Føllesdal]], [[Gilbert Harman]], [[Hao Wang (academic)|Hao Wang]], [[Stephen Stich]], [[Hilary Kornblith]]
| awards           = [[Rolf Schock Prizes]] in Logic an Filosofie {{small|(1993)}}<br>[[Leet o Kyoto Prize winners|Kyoto Prize]] <small>(1996)</small>
}}
)
| thesis_url        = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271047938_Quine_W_V_The_logic_of_sequences_A_generalization_of_Principia_mathematica_Harvard_dissertations_in_philosophy_Garland_Publishing_New_York_and_London_1990_xi_290_pp
| thesis_year       = 1932
| doctoral_advisor  = [[Alfred North Whitehead]]
| doctoral_students = [[Donald Davidson (filosofer)|Donald Davidson]], [[Hubert Dreyfus]], [[David Lewis (filosofer)|David Lewis]], [[Daniel Dennett]], [[Gilbert Harman]], [[Dagfinn Føllesdal]], [[Hao Wang (academic)|Hao Wang]]
}}

{{fixscots|date=Februar 2021}}

<br>2006: {{convert|194.3|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|width={{convert|73.2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|height=2000–2002: {{convert|57.2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br>2003–2006: {{convert|56.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}
|weight=3692&nbsp;lb (1675&nbsp;kg)
|wheelbase=114.5&nbsp;in (2908&nbsp;mm)
|assembly=[[Wixom Assembly Plant]], [[Wixom, Michigan]], [[Unitit States]]
}}

|birth_place      = [[Canino]], [[Latium|Lazio]], [[Papal States]]
|death_date       = {{death date and age|1549|11|10|1468|2|29|df=y}}
|death_place      = [[Roum]], [[Papal States]]
|previous_post={{unbulleted list|[[Santi Cosma e Damiano|Cardinal-Deacon o Santi Cosma e Damiano]] (1493-1503)|[[Bishop o Corneto an Montefiascone]] (1499-1509)|[[Sant'Eustachio|Cardinal-Deacon o Sant'Eustachio]] (1503-1519)|Airchpriest o the Airchbasilica o Saunt John Lateran (1508-1534)|[[Roman Catholic Diocese o Parma|Bishop o Parma]] (1509-1534)|[[Protodeacon|Protodeacon o the College o Cardinals]] (1516-1519)|[[Cardinal-Bishop o Frascati]] (1519-1523)|[[Cardinal-Bishop o Palestrina]] (1523)|[[Cardinal-Bishop of Sabina]] (1523-1524)|[[Cardinal-Bishop o Porto]] (1524)|[[Cardinal-Bishop o Ostia]] (1524-1534)|Vice-Dean o the College o Cardinals (1524)}}
|other            = Paul
|children         = [[Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke o Parma|Pier Luigi II Farnese]]<br>Paul Farnese<br>[[Ranuccio Farnese (1509-1529)|Ranuccio Farnese]]<br>[[Constanza Farnese]]<br>Lucrezia Farnese
|partner           = Silvia Ruffini (Mistress)
|coat_of_arms     = Coat of arms of Pope Paul III.svg
}}
'''Pape Paul III''' ({{lang-la|Paulus III}}; 29 Februar 1468&nbsp;– 10 November 1549), born '''Alessandro Farnese''', wis [[Pape]] frae 13 October 1534 tae his daith in 1549. He wis the faither o [[Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke o Parma]].

{{fixscots}}
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Betta''
| image = Betta_albimarginata_060311_8.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = ''[[Betta albimarginata]]''
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
| ordo = [[Perciform]]es
| familia = [[Osphronemidae]]
| genus = '''''Betta'''''
| genus_authority = [[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1850
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision =
''[[Betta persephone|B. persephone]]'' <br />
''[[Betta picta|B. picta]]'' - spotted betta<br />
''[[Betta pugnax|B. pugnax]]'' - Penang betta<br />
''[[Betta splendens|B. splendens]]'' - Siamese fighting fish<br />
<center>''and others (see text)''</center>
}}
'''Betta''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɛ|t|ə}} is a lairge genus o smaa, eften colourfu, [[freshwatter]] ray-finned fishes in the gourami [[faimily (biology)|faimily]] (Osphronemidae). The type species is ''B. picta,'' the spottit betta.<ref name="fishbase">{{FishBase_genus|genus=Betta|month=March|year=2006}}</ref>
Bi far the best kent ''Betta'' species, houevir, is ''B. splendens,'' the Siamese fichtin fish.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-26|title=The Only Betta Fish Care Guide You Will Need {{!}} Fish Keeping Advice|url=https://fishkeepingadvice.com/betta-fish-care/|access-date=2023-03-20|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Learn Everything You Need to Know About Betta Fish|url=https://www.thesprucepets.com/siamese-fighting-fish-bettas-1378308|access-date=2023-03-20|website=The Spruce Pets|language=en}}</ref>

|death_place=[[Avignon]], [[Fraunce in the Middle Ages|Kinrick o Fraunce]]
|other=John}}
'''Pape John XXII''' ({{lang-la|Ioannes XXII}}; 1244<ref>{{Citation|title=Pope John XXII|date=2010-01-01|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780198662624.001.0001/acref-9780198662624-e-4718|work=The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780198662624.001.0001/acref-9780198662624-e-4718|isbn=978-0-19-866262-4|access-date=2023-03-23}}</ref> – 4 December 1334), born '''Jacques Duèze''' (or '''d'Euse'''), wis the [[Pape|heid]] o the [[Catholic Kirk]] frae 7 August 1316 tae his daith in 1334. He wis the seicont Avignon Pape, electit bi a conclave in [[Lyon]] assembled bi Keeng Louis X's brither Philip, the Coont o Poitiers, later King Philip V o [[Fraunce]].

: [[cab unit]], [[huid unit]] an [[boxcab|box cab]]. Thri locomotives are operatit bi [[Pacific National]] in [[Australie]].]]
A '''locomotive''' or '''ingine''' is a [[rail transport]] [[vehicle]] that provides the [[motive pouer]] for a [[train]].

'''Black bun''', sometimes kent as '''Scotch bun''', is a kin o [[fruit cake]] haillie kivered wi fouky-meat. It is o Scots springheid, originally etten on the [[Uphaly Nicht]] but thir days tastit at [[Hogmanay]]. The cake mixtur teepically contains [[raisin]]s, [[Zante currant|currants]], [[aumond]]s, [[citrus peel]], [[allspice]], [[ginger]], [[cinnamon]] an [[black pepper]]. It haed originally been introduced efter the back-come o [[Mary, Queen of Scots]] frae France, but its original uiss at the Uphaly Nicht endit wi the [[Scottish Reformation]]. It wis uised for [[first-foot]]ing ower Hogmanay.

instead -->
| type                    = [[Depairtments o Fraunce|Depairtment]]
| image_skyline           = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = 
| image_flag              = Comte de Nice flag.svg
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Arms of Nice.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Alpes-Maritimes-Position.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location o Alpes-Maritimes in Fraunce
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|43|50|N|7|10|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd|display=inline}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = Fraunce
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions o Fraunce|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = [[Prefecturs in Fraunce|Prefectur]]
| seat                    = [[Nice, Fraunce|Nice]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefecturs in Fraunce|Subprefecturs]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Grasse]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = [[Union for a popular muivement|UMP]]
| leader_title            = [[Preses o the general cooncil|Preses o the General Cooncil]]
| leader_name             = [[Éric Ciotti]]
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude          = 
| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 4299
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_max_m         = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = 1082465
| population_as_of        = 2006
| population_rank         = [[Leet o French depairtments bi population|18t]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Depairtments o Fraunce|Depairtment number]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 06
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements o Fraunce|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[arrondissements o the Alpes-Maritimes depairtment|2]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in Fraunce|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[cantons o the Alpes-Maritimes depairtment|52]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in Fraunce|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[communes o the Alpes-Maritimes depairtment|163]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = 
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude [[estuary|estuaries]], an lakes, ponds, an glaciers lairger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
}}

{{fixscots|date=Januar 2021}}

| flag_size               = 120x80px
| image_seal              = {{#property:P158}}
| seal_size               = 100x80px
| nickname                = The Mystic Island
| motto                   =
| image_map               = {{#property:P242}}
| map_alt                 =
| map_caption             = Map o the Philippines wi Siquijor heichlichtit
| coordinates             = {{coord|09|12|N|123|30|E|region:PH|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes   =
| subdivision_type        = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]
| subdivision_name        = [[{{#property:P17}}]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions o the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Central Visayas]] (Region VII)
| established_title       = Foondit
| established_date        = 17 September 1971
| seat_type               = Caipital
| seat                    = [[Siquijor, Siquijor|Siquijor]]
| leader_party            =
| government_type         = Province o the Philippines
| leader_title            = [[Govrenor]]
| leader_name             = Zaldy Villa ([[Leeberal Pairty (Philippines)|Leeberal]])
| leader_title1           = [[Vice Govrenor]]
| leader_name1            = [[Dingdong Avanzado|Fernando Avanzado]] ([[Leeberal Pairty (Philippines)|Leeberal]])
|area_footnotes           = <ref name=nscb>{{cite web |title=List of Provinces |url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listprov.asp |work=PSGC Interactive |publisher=National Statistical Coordination Board |accessdate=16 December 2013 |location=Makati City, Philippines |archive-date=2013-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111015112/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listprov.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| area_total_km2          = 337.49
| area_rank               = 79t oot o 81
| area_note               =
|population_footnotes     = <ref name=NSO10>"Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City, and Municipality Region VII - Central Visayas: 1990, 2000, and 2010", ''2010 Census of Population and Housing''. National Statistics Office</ref>
| population_total        = 91066
| population_as_of        = 2010
| population_rank         = 79t oot o 81
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_density_rank = 32nt oot o 81
| population_note         =
| elevation_m             =
| demographics_type1      = Divisions
| demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| demographics1_title1    = [[Ceeties o the Philippines#Independent ceeties|Independent&nbsp;ceeties]]
| demographics1_info1     = 0
| demographics1_title2    = [[Ceeties o the Philippines|Component ceeties]]
| demographics1_info2     = 0
| demographics1_title3    = [[Municipalities o the Philippines|Municipalities]]
| demographics1_info3     = 6
| demographics1_title4    = [[Barangay]]s
| demographics1_info4     = 134
| demographics1_title5    = [[House of Representatives of the Philippines|Districts]]
| demographics1_info5     = [[Legislative district of Siquijor|Lone district of Siquijor]]
| blank_name_sec1         = Spoken languages
| blank_info_sec1         = [[Cebuano leid|Cebuano]], [[Tagalog leid|Tagalog]], [[Inglis leid|English]]
| timezone                = [[Philippine Standard Time|PHT]]
| utc_offset              = +8
| postal_code_type        = [[List of ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]]
| postal_code             = 6225 to 6230
| area_code_type          = [[Telephone numbers in the Philippines|Dialing code]]
| area_code               = {{#property:P473}}
| iso_code                = {{#property:P300}}
| website                 = {{URL|{{#property:P856}}}}
| footnotes               =
}}

{{Taxobox
|name = Reefort
|image = Radish 3371103037 4ab07db0bf o.jpg
|image_caption = Reeforts
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
|ordo = [[Brassicales]]
|familia = [[Brassicaceae]]
|genus = ''[[Raphanus]]''
|species = '''''R. sativus'''''
|binomial = ''Raphanus sativus''
|binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
|}}
The '''reefort''' (''Raphanus sativus'') is an edible ruit crap o the [[Brassicaceae]] faimily, grawn in Europe sin afore the risin o the Roman Empire, an nou grawn an etten aa ower the warld.

The '''[[Austrick]] preses election 2016''' wis on on the 24t Apryle 2016 (first roun) an the 22t Mey 2016 (first saicont roun) an 4t o December 2016 (saicont time daein the saicont roun). The first saicont roun wis atween [[Alexander Van der Bellen]], wanthirlt candidate that is pairt o the [[Green pairty o Austrick|Greens]] (the winner) an [[Norbert Hofer]] o the [[FPÖ]]. The election wis eminent fur twa things: first, it wis the saicont Green preses in the warld, an the first in Austrick an, seicont, baith the feckmaist pairties o Austrick (the Social Democratic Pairty an the Fowk Pairty) wis out o the election fae the first roun. On the 1t o Julie, the constitutional court decides there eneuch irregularities (but nae cheaterie) that the fowk maun redae the election. In the redaein o the election, Van der Bellen bears the gree again, wi a muckler distance aheid o Hofer (53% agin 47%).

| common_name = Estonie
| national_anthem =
 {{unbulleted list
  | ''[[Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm]]''
  | {{small|''Ma Faitherland, Ma Happiness an Joy''}}
  | <center></center>
 }}
| image_flag = Flag of Estonia.svg
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Estonia.svg
| image_map = EU-Estonia.svg
| map_caption = {{map_caption |location_color=dark green |region=Europe |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the [[European Union]] |subregion_color=green |legend=EU-Estonia.svg}}
| capital = {{Coat of arms|Tallinn}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|59|25|N|24|45|E|type:city}}
| largest_city = caipital
| official_languages = [[Estonie leid|Estonie]]<sup>a</sup>
| regional_languages = {{flatlist|{{unbulleted list |[[Võro leid|Võro]] |[[Setu leid|Setu]]}}}}
| ethnic_groups =
 {{unbulleted list
  | 69.1% [[Estonies]]<sup>b</sup>
  | 24.8% [[Roushues in Estonie|Roushies]]
  |  1.7% [[Ukrainians]]
  |  1.0% [[Belaroushies]]
  |  0.6% [[Finns]]
  |  0.2% [[Jews]]
  |  0.2% [[Latvies]]
  |  0.1% [[Germans]]
  |  2.7% [[Demographics o Estonie|Ithers]]
 }}
| ethnic_groups_year = 2014<ref>{{cite web|title=Population and housing census&nbsp;– Population and Housing Census 2011&nbsp;– Preliminary data|url=http://www.stat.ee/sdb-update?db_update_id=13545|work=Database Update 17|publisher=Statistics Estonia|accessdate=16 January 2013|archive-date=2014-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115012253/http://www.stat.ee/sdb-update?db_update_id=13545|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| demonym = Estonian
| government_type = [[Parilamentary republic]]
| leader_title1 = [[Preses o Estonie|Preses]]
| leader_name1 =  [[Alar Karis]]
| leader_title2 = [[Prime Meenister o Estonie|Prime Meenister]]
| leader_name2 = [[Kaja Kallas]]
| legislature = ''[[Riigikogu]]''
| sovereignty_type = [[History o Estonie|Unthirldom]]
| established_event4 = {{nowrap|[[Autonomous Govrenorate o Estonie|Autonomy declared]]}}
| established_date4 = 12 Aprile 1917
| established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Estonian Declaration o Unthirldom|Unthirldom declared]]<br/>then [[History o Estonie#Road tae Republic|recognised]]}}
| established_date5 = 24 Februar 1918<br/>2 Februar 1920
| established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[Occupation o the Baltic states|Foreign occupation]]}}
| established_date6 = 1940–1991
| established_event7 = {{nowrap|[[History o Estonie#Regainin unthirldom|Unthirldom restored]]}}
| established_date7 = 20 August 1991
| area_km2 = 45,227
| area_sq_mi = 17,413<!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
| area_rank = 132nt
| percent_water = 4.45%
| population_estimate = 1,315,819<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stat.ee/34277 |title=Statistics Estonia |publisher=Stat.ee |date=1 January 2014 |access-date=2015-02-03 |archive-date=2016-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404162352/http://www.stat.ee/34277 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| population_estimate_year = 2014
| population_estimate_rank = 154t
| population_census = 1,294,486<ref>{{cite web|title=PHC 2011 RESULTS|url=http://www.stat.ee/phc2011|publisher=Statistics Estonia|accessdate=16 January 2011|archive-date=2016-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010065115/http://www.stat.ee/phc2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| population_census_year = 2011
| population_density_km2 = 29
| population_density_sq_mi = 75 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
| population_density_rank = 181st
| GDP_PPP_year = 2015
| GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$36.947 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=73&pr.y=7&sy=2012&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=946%2C964%2C939%2C941&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Estonia |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate= January 2015}}</ref>}}
| GDP_PPP_rank =
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $27,729<ref name=imf2/>
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 
| GDP_nominal = $27.410 billion<ref name=imf2/>
| GDP_nominal_rank =
| GDP_nominal_year = 2015
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $20,571<ref name=imf2/>
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 
| Gini_year = 2013
| Gini_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| Gini = 32.9 <!--number only-->
| Gini_ref =<ref name=eurogini>{{cite web|title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC)|url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|publisher=Eurostat Data Explorer|accessdate=5 January 2014|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045123/http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| Gini_rank =
| HDI_year = 2013<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
| HDI_change = steady <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| HDI = 0.840 <!--number only-->
|HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14-summary-en.pdf |title=2014 Human Development Report Summary |date=2014 |accessdate=27 July 2014 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme | pages=21–25}}</ref>
| HDI_rank = 33rd
| currency = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]])<sup>e</sup>
| currency_code = EUR
| time_zone = [[Eastren European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset = +2
| time_zone_DST = [[Eastren European Simmer Time|EEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +3
| drives_on = right
| calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in Estonie|+372]]
| ISO_3166-1_alpha2 = EE
| ISO_3166-1_alpha3 = EST
| ISO_3166-1_numeric = ?
| alt_sport_code = EST
| vehicle_code = EST
| aircraft_code = EST
| cctld = [[.ee]]<sup>f</sup>
}}

|timezone=[[Eastren European Time|EET]]
|utc_offset=+2
|map_caption =Location o Uzhhorod athin Ukraine.
|timezone_DST=[[Eastren European Simmer Time|EEST]]
|utc_offset_DST=+3
|official_name = Uzhhorod
|native_name = Ужгород
|other_name = Uzhgorod
|nickname =
|image_skyline =
|imagesize = 250px
|image_caption = A panoramic view o Uzhhorod an the [[Greek Catholic Cathedral, Uzhhorod|Greek Catholic Cathedral]] in the centre o the image 
|image_flag =
|image_shield = Uzhgorod-COA.png
|nickname =
|motto =
|image_map = Uzhgorodskyi-Raion.png
|mapsize = 250px
|map_caption = Map o Zakarpattia Oblast wi Uzhhorod.
|subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]]<br>  [[Oblasts o Ukraine|Oblast]]<br>    [[Raion]]
|subdivision_name = [[Ukraine]]<br> [[Zakarpattia Oblast]]<br>Uzhhorod Municipality
|established_title = Foondit
|established_date = 9t century
|established_title1 =
|established_date1 =
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = [[Viktor Pohorielov]]
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 31.56
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|population_as_of = 2010
|population_note =
|population_total = 116400
|population_footnotes=
|population_metro =
|population_density_km2 = 3662
|pushpin_map            =Ukraine
|pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
|pushpin_map_caption    =Location o Uzhhorod
|pushpin_mapsize        =
|coordinates   = {{coord|48|37|26|N|22|17|42|E|region:UA|display=inline}}
|elevation_m = 169
||postal_code_type=[[Postal code]]
|postal_code = 88000
|area_code = +380 312
|blank_info =
|blank1_info = [[Békéscsaba]]|blank1_name=[[Toun twinnin|Sister ceeties]]|, [[Nyíregyháza]], [[Moscow]], [[Orel]], [[Pula]], [[Corvallis, Oregon|Corvallis]], [[Darmstadt]], [[Košice]]
|website = [http://www.umr.uzhgorod.ua/ umr.uzhgorod.ua]
|footnotes =
}}

</ref>
| Nickname        = The Sunflower State (offeecial); <br /> The Wheat State
| Former          = Kansas Territory
| Demonym         = Kansan
| Motto           = [[Ad astra per aspera]]
| Capital         = [[Topeka]]
| LargestCity     = [[Wichita]]
| LargestMetro    = [[Kansas City Metropolitan Aurie|Kansas portion o Kansas City, MO-KS Metro Aurie]]
| Governor        = [[Laura Kelly]] (D)|
| Lieutenant Governor = |
| Legislature     = [[Kansas Legislature]]
| Upperhouse      = [[Kansas Senate|Senate]]
| Lowerhouse      = [[Kansas Hoose o Representatives|Hoose o Representatives]]
| Senators        = [[Pat Roberts]] (R) <br /> [[Jerry Moran]] (R)
| Representative  = [[Tim Huelskamp]] (R) <br /> [[Lynn Jenkins]] (R) <br /> [[Kevin Yoder]] (R) <br /> [[Mike Pompeo]] (R)
| PostalAbbreviation = KS
| AreaRank        = 15t
| TotalAreaUS     = 82,277
| TotalArea       = 213,096
| LandAreaUS      = 81,815
| LandArea        = 211,901
| WaterAreaUS     = 462
| WaterArea       = 1,196
| PCWater         = 0.56
| PopRank         = 33rd
| 2010Pop         = 2,871,238 (2011 est)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/20000.html|title=State and Country QuickFacts|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|year=2012|accessdate=May 14, 2013|archive-date=2012-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503221822/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/20000.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| DensityRank     = 40t
| 2000DensityUS   = 35.1
| 2000Density     = 13.5
| MedianHouseholdIncome = $50,177
| IncomeRank      = 25t
| AdmittanceOrder = 34t
| AdmittanceDate  = 29 Januar 1861
| TimeZone        = [[Central Time Zone (North America)|Central]]: [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]][[Central Standard Time|-6]]/[[Central Daylight Time|-5]]
| TZ1Where        = most of state
| TimeZone2       = [[Muntain Time Zone|Muntain]]: [[Coordinatit Universal Time|UTC]][[Muntain Staundart Time|-7]]/[[Muntain Daylicht Time|-6]]
| TZ2Where        = 4 wastren coonties
| Latitude        = [[37t parallel north|37° N]] tae [[40t parallel north|40° N]]
| Longitude       = 94° 35′ W tae 102° 3′ W
| WidthUS         = 417|
| Width           = 645
| LengthUS        = 211
| Length          = 340
| HighestPoint = [[Mount Sunflower]]<ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|title=Elevations and Distances in the United States|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|year=2001|accessdate=October 21, 2011|archive-date=2011-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=NAVD88>Elevation adjusted to [[North American Vertical Datum of 1988]].</ref>
| HighestElevUS   = 4,041
| HighestElev     = 1232
| MeanElevUS      = 2,000
| MeanElev        = 610
| LowestPoint     = [[Verdigris River]] at {{nobreak|[[Oklahoma]] border}}<ref name=USGS/><ref name=NAVD88/>
| LowestElevUS    = 679
| LowestElev      = 207
| ISOCode         = US-KS
| Website         = www.kansas.gov
}}
'''Kansas''' ({{IPA|/ˈkanzəs/}}) is a [[U.S. state]] locate in the [[Midwastren Unitit States]].<ref>http://www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf</ref> It is namit efter the [[Kansas River]] whilk rins through it, whilk in turn is namit efter the [[Kaw fowk|Kansa]] Natif American tribe, whilk indwellt the aurie.<ref>John Koontz, p.c.</ref> The tribe's naim (natively ''kką:ze'') is aften said tae mean "fowk o the wind" or "fowk o the sooth wind," though this wis likely no the term's oreeginal meanin.<ref>Rankin, Robert. 2005. "Quapaw." In ''Native Languages of the Southeastern United States'', eds. Heather K. Hardy and Janine Scancarelli. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, pg. 492</ref><ref>Connelley, William E. 1918. ''[http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/1918ks/v1/ch10p1.html Indians] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211043240/http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/1918ks/v1/ch10p1.html |date=2007-02-11 }}''. A Standard History of Kansas and Kansans, ch. 10, vol. 1</ref> Residents o Kansas are cried "Kansans."

|elevation_m        =
|website            = [http://www.capital.gov.bh Offeecial wabsteid]
|footnotes          =
}}

The '''Fortune 500''' is a rankin o the heid 500 Unitit States treds as meisurt bi gross revenue. [[Fortune magazine]] compiles an furthsets the leet annually.

<br /><small>(Scots: ''O aw islands, the maist beautifu an free'')</small>
| nickname                = 
| etymology               = ''madeira'', [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]] for ''wid''
<!-- location -->
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Portugal}}
| subdivision_type1       = Autonomous Region
| subdivision_name1       = {{flag|Madeira|name=Madeira}}
| subdivision_type2       = Region
| subdivision_name2       = Atlantic Ocean
| subdivision_type3       = Subregion
| subdivision_name3       = Tore-Madeira Ridge
| subdivision_type4       = Poseetion
| subdivision_name4       = Madeira Platform,<br />Savage Islands submarine munt
| parts_type              = Municipalities
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Calheta (Madeira)|Calheta]]
| p2                      = [[Câmara de Lobos]]
| p3                      = [[Machico]]
| p4                      = [[Ponta do Sol]]
| p5                      = [[Porto Moniz]]
| p6                      = [[Vila Baleira|Porto Santo]]
| p7                      = [[Ribeira Brava, Madeira|Ribeira Brava]]
| p8                      = [[Santa Cruz, Madeira|Santa Cruz]]
| p9                      = [[Santana, Madeira|Santana]]
| p10                     = [[São Vicente, Madeira|São Vicente]]
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| image_map               = EU-Portugal with Madeira circled.svg
| map_caption             = Location o Madeira relative tae Portugal (green) an the rest o the [[European Union]] (licht green)
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_relief          = 
| pushpin_map_caption     =  
| coordinates             = {{coord|32.75|N|17|W|region:PT|format=dec|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| leader_title1           = [[Leet o Preses o the Regional Govrenment o Madeira|Preses (Govrenment)]]
| leader_name1            = [[Miguel Albuquerque]]
<!-- seat -->
| seat                    = [[Funchal]]
| seat_type               = Caipital
<!-- established -->
| established_title       = Settlement
| established_date        = c. 1420
| established_title1      = Admeenistrative autonomy
| established_date1       = c. 1895
| established_title2      = Poleetical autonomy
| established_date2       = 1 Julie 1976
<!-- area -->
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_total_km2          = 741
| area_total_sq_mi        = 
| area_land_sq_mi         = 
| area_water_sq_mi        = 
<!-- elevation -->
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_ft            = 
<!-- population -->
| population_as_of        = 2016
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = 289000
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_density_sq_mi=
| population_demonym      = 
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| timezone1               = [[Wastren European Time|WET]]
| utc_offset1             = +0
| timezone1_DST           = [[Wastren European Simmer Time|WEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +1
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| ISO 3166-2 code         = PT-30
| postal_code_type        = Postal code
| postal_code             = 9XXX-XXX
| area_code_type          =  
| area_code               = (+351) 291 XXX XXX
| geocode                 = 
| iso_code                = 
| blank_name              = [[kintra code tap-level domain|ccTLD]]
| blank_info              = [[.pt]]
| blank1_name             = Date format
| blank1_info             = dd-mm-yyyy
| blank2_name             = Drive
| blank2_info             = richt-side
| blank3_name             = [[Demonym]]
| blank3_info             = Madeiran; Madeirense
| blank4_name             = [[Patron Saunt]]
| blank4_info             = [[Virgin Mary|Nossa Senhora do Monte]]
| blank5_name             = Haliday
| blank5_info             = 1 Julie
| blank6_name             = Anthem
| blank6_info             = {{plainlist|
*{{lang|pt|[[A Portuguesa]]}} (national)
*{{lang|pt|[[Hino da Região Autónoma da Madeira|Hino da Madeira]]}} (regional)}}
| blank7_name             = Currency
| blank7_info             = [[Euro]] (€)<ref>Till 2002, the [[Portuguese escudo]] wis used in financial transactions, an till 1910 the [[Portuguese real]] wis the siller uised bi the monarchy f Portugal.</ref>
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2017)
| blank_info_sec1         = 0.800<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br/>{{color|#090|very high}} · [[List of Portuguese regions by Human Development Index|6th]]
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| website                 = [https://www.madeira.gov.pt/ www.madeira.gov.pt]
| footnotes               = Geografic detail frae CAOP (2010)<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.igeo.pt/produtos/cadastro/caop/download/Areas_Freg_Mun_Dist_CAOP2010.zip |title=Carta Administrativa Oficial de Portugal |publisher=Instituto Geográfico Português |location=Lisbon, Portugal |language=Portuguese |access-date=1 July 2011 |year=2010 |editor=IGP |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703110142/http://www.igeo.pt/produtos/cadastro/caop/download/Areas_Freg_Mun_Dist_CAOP2010.zip |archivedate=3 July 2014 |df= }}</ref> produced by Instituto Geográfico Português (IGP)
}}
'''Madeira''' ({{IPAc-en|icon|m|ə|ˈ|d|ɪər|ə}} {{respell|mə|DEER|ə}} or {{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|d|ɛər|ə}} {{respell|mə|DAIR|ə}}; {{IPA-pt|mɐˈðejɾɐ|lang}} <small>or</small> {{IPA-pt|mɐˈðɐjɾɐ|}}) is a wee [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[airchipelago]] that lees atween {{Coord|32|22.3|N|16|16.5|W}} an {{Coord|33|7.8|N|17|16.65|W}}, juist unner 400&nbsp;km north o [[Tenerife]], [[Canary Islands]], in the north [[Atlantic Ocean]] an an [[Special Member State territories an the European Union|ootermaist region o the European Union]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/scadplus/glossary/outermost_regions_en.htm |title=EUROPA - Glossary - Outermost regions |publisher=Europa.eu |date=2008-07-17 |accessdate=2010-07-30}}</ref> The airchipelago comprises the major pairt o ane o the twa [[Autonomous regions o Portugal]] (the ither being the [[Azores]] locatit tae the northwast), that includes the islands o Madeira, [[Porto Santo Island|Porto Santo]], an the [[Desertas Islands|Desertas]], admeenistered thegither wi the separate airchipelago o the [[Savage Islands]].

| birth_place      = Lunnon, Ingland
 | death_date       = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1832|06|06|1748|02|15}}
 | death_place      = Lunnon, Ingland
 | school_tradition = [[Utilitarianism]], [[legal positivism]], [[liberalism]]
 | main_interests   = Poleetical filosofie, filosofie o law, ethics, economics
 | influences       = [[Protagoras]]{{·}} [[Epicurus]]{{·}} [[John Locke]]{{·}} [[David Hume]]{{·}} [[Baron de Montesquieu|Montesquieu]]{{·}} [[Claude Adrien Helvétius|Helvétius]]{{·}} [[Thomas Hobbes|Hobbes]]{{·}} [[Cesare Beccaria|Beccaria]]{{·}}[[Adam Smith]]
 | influenced       = [[John Stuart Mill]]{{·}} [[Henry Sidgwick]]{{·}} [[Michel Foucault]]{{·}} [[Peter Singer]]{{·}} [[John Austin (legal filosofie)|John Austin]]{{·}} [[Robert Owen]]{{·}} [[David Pearce (philosopher)|David Pearce]] {{·}} [[H. L. A. Hart]] {{·}} [[Iain King]] {{·}} [[Francis Y. Edgeworth]]
 | notable_ideas    = [[Greatest happiness principle]]
 | signature        = Jeremy Bentham signature.jpg
}}
'''Jeremy Bentham''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɛ|n|θ|əm}}; 15 Februar 1748 [O.S. 4 Februar 1747]<ref>[http://sites.google.com/site/countyhistorian/ancestry-of-jeremy-bentham W. Johnson, "Ancestry of Jeremy Bentham" (2012).]</ref> – 6 Juin 1832) was a Breetish [[philosopher]], [[jurist]], an [[social reformer]]. He is regairdit as the foonder o modren [[utilitarianism]].

An '''etin''' or '''jötunn''' is a meetholigical geeant. The reid-etin wis a whappin uggsome craitur, thocht by the ordinar fowk tae be cried that on accoont o his gutsie likin for reid or raw flesh.
{{Commonscat|Jötnar}}

A '''decade''' is a period o 10 [[year]]s.

instead -->
| type                    = [[Depairtments o Fraunce|Depairtment]]
| image_skyline           = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = 
| image_flag              = Drapeau fr département Ardèche.svg
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Blason département fr Ardèche.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Ardèche-Position.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location o Ardèche in Fraunce
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|44|40|N|4|25|E|region:FR_type:adm2nd|display=inline}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = Kintra
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|Fraunce}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions o Fraunce|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Rhône-Alpes]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = [[Prefecturs in Fraunce|Prefectur]]
| seat                    = [[Privas]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefecturs in Fraunce|Subprefecturs]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Largentière]]<br>[[Tournon-sur-Rhône]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = [[Socialist Pairty (Fraunce)|PS]]
| leader_title            = [[Preses o the general cooncil|Preses o the General Cooncil]]
| leader_name             = [[Hervé Saulignac]]
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude          = 
| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 5529
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_max_m         = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = 309456
| population_as_of        = 2007
| population_rank         = [[List of French departments by population|76th]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Depairtments o Fraunce|Department nummer]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 07
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements o Fraunce|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[arrondissements o the Ardèche depairtment|3]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in Fraunce|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[cantons o the Ardèche depairtment|33]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in Fraunce|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[communes o the Ardèche depairtment|339]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = 
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude [[estuar]]s, an lochs, ponds, an glaciers lairger than 1&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
}}
'''Ardèche''' ({{IPA-fr|aʁ.dɛʃ}}; [[Occitan]] an [[Arpitan]]: ''Ardecha'') is a [[depairtments o Fraunce|depairtment]] in sooth-central Fraunce namit efter the [[Ardèche (river)|Ardèche River]].

{{infobox mineral
| name        = Asbestos
| boxwidth    = 
| boxbgcolor  = 
| image       = Asbestos with muscovite.jpg
| imagesize   = 
| alt         = 
| caption     = Fibrous [[tremolite]] asbestos on [[muscovite]]
| category    = 
| formula     = 
| strunz      = 09.ED.15
| dana        = 71.01.02d.03
| symmetry    = 
| unit cell   = 
| molweight   = 277.11 g
| color       = Green, reid, yellae, white, blue
| habit       = Amorphous, granular, massive
| system      = Orthorhombic
| twinning    = 
| cleavage    = 
| fracture    = Fibrous
| tenacity    = 
| mohs        = 2.5–3
| luster      = Silky
| streak      = White
| diaphaneity = 
| gravity     = 
| density     = 
| polish      = 
| opticalprop = Biaxial
| refractive  = 
| birefringence = 0.008
| pleochroism = 
| 2V          = 20° tae 60°
| dispersion  = relatively waik
| extinction  = 
| length fast/slow =
| fluorescence = Non-fluorescent
| absorption  = 
| melt        = 
| fusibility  = 
| diagnostic  = 
| solubility  = 
| impurities  = 
| alteration  = 
| other       = 
| prop1       = 
| prop1text   = 
| references = 
}}
'''Asbestos''' is a set o sax [[silicate minerals]] that occurs naitural-like.<ref name=Alleman&Mossman1997>{{Cite journal |date=July 1997 |author=Alleman, James E. |author2=Mossman, Brooke T |title=Asbestos Revisited |journal=[[Scientific American]] |pages=54–57 |url=http://virlab.virginia.edu/Nanoscience_class/lecture_notes/Lecture_14_Materials/Asbestos_CNT/Sci%20Am%20-%20Asbestos%20Revisited%20-%20July%201997.pdf |accessdate=26 November 2010 |bibcode=1997SciAm.277a..70A |volume=277 |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0797-70 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603095555/http://www.virlab.virginia.edu/Nanoscience_class/lecture_notes/Lecture_14_Materials/Asbestos_CNT/Sci%20Am%20-%20Asbestos%20Revisited%20-%20July%201997.pdf |archivedate=2010-06-03 |df=dmy |url-status=dead }}</ref> The things thay aa hae in common is thair [[eponymous]] [[asbestiform]] [[Crystal habit|habit]]: lang (aboot 1:20 [[aspect ratio]]), thin [[fibrous]] [[creestal]]s, wi ilka viesible feebre makkit o millions o microscopic "fibrils" that can be released bi [[Abrasion (mechanical)|abrasion]] an ither processes.<ref name="gee">{{Cite journal|title=Asbestos: from 'magic' to malevolent mineral|last1=Gee|first1=David|last2=Greenberg|first2=Morris|journal=Late lessons from early warnings: the precautionary principle 1896–2000|publisher=[[European Environment Agency|EEA]]|location=Copenhagen|date=9 January 2002|issue=22|pages=52–63|url=http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/environmental_issue_report_2001_22/issue-22-part-05.pdf|isbn=92-9167-323-4|accessdate=20 April 2010}}</ref> Thay are for ordinar kent bi thair colours, the likes o ''blue asbestos'', ''broun asbestos'', ''white asbestos'', an ''green asbestos''.

{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 464365162
| Name = Benzene
| ImageFileL1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageFileL1 = Benzene geometrie.svg
| ImageNameL1 = Skeletal formula detail o benzene
| ImageSizeL1 = 120px
| ImageFileR1 = Benzene-xtal-3D-vdW.png
| ImageNameR1 = Stack o benzene baw-an-stick model
| ImageSizeR1 = 150px
| ImageFile2 = Solid benzene.png
| ImageName2 = Frozen benzene
| ImageSize2 = 200px
| IUPACName = Benzene
| SystematicName = Cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene
| OtherNames = 1,3,5-Cyclohexatriene, Benzol, Phene
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
  | CASNo = 71-43-2
  | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
  | PubChem = 241
  | ChemSpiderID = 236
  | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
  | UNII = J64922108F
  | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
  | KEGG = C01407
  | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
  | ChEBI = 16716
  | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
  | ChEMBL = 277500
  | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
  | RTECS = CY1400000
  | SMILES = c1ccccc1
  | EINECS = 200-753-7
  | InChI = 1/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H
  | InChIKey = UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYAH
  | StdInChI = 1S/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H
  | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
  | StdInChIKey = UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
  }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
  | C=6|H=6
  | Appearance = Colourless liquid
  | Odor = Aromatic, petrol-like
  | Density = 0.8765(20) g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="handbook13">{{RubberBible86th}}</ref>
  | Solubility = 1.53 g/L (0 °C)<br> 1.81 g/L (9 °C)<br> 1.79 g/L (15 °C)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Arnold |first1=D. |last2=Plank |first2=C. |last3=Erickson |first3=E. |last4=Pike |first4=F. |title=Solubility of Benzene in Water |year=1958 |journal=Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Chemical & Engineering Data Series |volume=3 |issue=2 |page=253 |doi=10.1021/i460004a016}}</ref><!--1st ref is most comprehensive but is paywalled---><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Breslow |first1=R. |last2=Guo |first2=T. |title=Surface tension measurements show that chaotropic salting-in denaturants are not just water-structure breakers |year=1990 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=87 |issue=1 |pages=167–9 |pmid=2153285 |pmc=53221 |doi=10.1073/pnas.87.1.167|bibcode = 1990PNAS...87..167B }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Coker |first1=A. Kayode |last2=Ludwig |first2=Ernest E. |title=Ludwig's Applied Process Design for Chemical And Petrochemical Plants |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=N8RcH8juG_YC&pg=PA114 |accessdate=2012-05-31 |volume=1 |year=2007 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=0-7506-7766-X |page=114}}</ref><br> 1.84 g/L (30 °C)<br> 2.26 g/L (61 °C)<br> 3.94 g/L (100 °C)<br> 21.7 g/kg (200 °C, 6.5 MPa)<br> 17.8 g/kg (200 °C, 40 MPa)<ref name=chemister>http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=644</ref>
  | SolubleOther = Soluble in [[alcohol]], [[chloroform|CHCl<sub>3</sub>]], [[carbon tetrachloride|CCl<sub>4</sub>]], [[diethyl ether]], [[acetone]], [[acetic acid]]<ref name=chemister />
| Solubility1 = 5.83 g/100 g (20 °C)<br> 6.61 g/100 g (40 °C)<br> 7.61 g/100 g (60 °C)<ref name=chemister />
| Solvent1 = ethanediol
| Solubility2 = 20 °C, solution in water:<br> 1.2 mL/L (20% v/v)<ref name=sioc>{{cite book|last = Seidell|first = Atherton|last2 = Linke|first2 = William F.|year = 1952|title = Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds|publisher = Van Nostrand|url = [http://books.google.com/books?id=k2e5AAAAIAAJ Google Books]|accessdate = 2014-05-29}}</ref>
| Solvent2 = ethanol
| Solubility3 = 20 °C, solution in water:<br> 7.69 mL/L (38.46% v/v)<br> 49.4 mL/L (62.5% v/v)<ref name=sioc />
| Solvent3 = acetone
| Solubility4 = 52 g/100 g (20 °C)<ref name=chemister />
| Solvent4 = diethylene glycol
  | MeltingPtC = 5.53
  | BoilingPtC = 80.1
  | Viscosity = 0.7528 [[Poise|cP]] (10 °C)<br> 0.6076 cP (25 °C)<br> 0.4965 cP (40 °C)<br> 0.3075 cP (80 °C)
  | LambdaMax = 255 nm
  | RefractIndex = 1.5011 (20 °C)<br> 1.4948 (30 °C)<ref name=chemister />
  | LogP = 2.13
  | MagSus = 54.8·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
| VaporPressure = 12.7 kPa (25 °C)<br> 24.4 kPa (40 °C)<br> 181 kPa (100 °C)<ref name=nist>{{nist|name=Benzene|id=C71432|accessdate=2014-05-29|mask=FFFF|units=SI}}</ref>
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| MolShape = Tetrahedral
| Dipole = 0 [[Debye|D]]
 }}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
  | DeltaHf = 48.7 kJ/mol
  | HeatCapacity = 134.8 J/mol·K
  | Entropy = 173.26 J/mol·K<ref name=nist />
| DeltaHc = 3267.6 kJ/mol<ref name=nist />
 }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
  | ExternalMSDS = [http://www.hmdb.ca/system/metabolites/msds/000/001/365/original/HMDB01505.pdf?1358893540 HMDB]
|   GHSPictograms = {{GHS02}}{{GHS06}}{{GHS08}}<ref name="sigma">[[Sigma-Aldrich|Sigma-Aldrich Co.]], [http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/401765 Benzene]. Retrieved on 2014-05-29.</ref>
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
|   HPhrases = {{H-phrases|225|304|315|319|340|350|372}}<ref name="sigma" />
|   PPhrases = {{P-phrases|201|210|301+310|305+351+338|308+313|331}}<ref name="sigma" />
  | FlashPtC = −11.63
  | AutoignitionPtC = 497.78
  | ExploLimits = 1.2–7.8%
  | EUClass = {{Hazchem F}} {{Hazchem T+}}<br> [[Carcinogen|Carc. Cat. 1]]<br> [[Mutagen|Muta. Cat. 2]]
  | NFPA-H = 3
  | NFPA-F = 3
  | NFPA-R = 0
  | RPhrases = {{R45}}, {{R46}}, {{R11}}, {{R16}}, {{R36/38}},{{R48/23/24/25}}, {{R65}}
  | SPhrases = {{S53}}, {{S45}}
  | LD50 = 930 mg/kg (rat, oral)
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
  | OtherCpds = [[Toluene]]<br> [[Borazine]]
  }}
}}
'''Benzene''' is an [[organic compoond|organic]] [[chemical compoond]] wi the molecular formula [[Carbon|C]]<sub>6</sub>[[Hydrogen|H]]<sub>6</sub>. The benzene molecule is componed o sax caurbon atoms jynt in a ring wi ane hydrogen atom attached tae ilk. As it conteens anerly caurbon an hydrogen atoms, benzene is clessed as a [[hydrocaurbon]].

|largest_city = caipital
|languages_type = Official leid<br>{{nobold|an naitional leid}}
|languages = [[Icelandic leid|Icelandic]]
|ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list|92.04%&nbsp;[[Icelanders|Icelandic]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://px.hagstofa.is/pxen/pxweb/en/Ibuar/Ibuar__mannfjoldi__3_bakgrunnur__Rikisfang/MAN04103.px |title=Population by country of citizenship, sex and age 1 January 1998–2016 |publisher=[[Statistics Iceland]] |location=Reykjavík, Iceland |accessdate=27 January 2017}}</ref>|3.63%&nbsp;[[Poles|Pols]]|4.33%&nbsp;other}}
|ethnic_groups_year = 2016
|demonym = [[Icelanders|Icelander]]
|government_type = {{nowrap|[[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Pairlamentary seestem|pairlamentar]]}} [[republic]]
|leader_title1 = [[Preses o Iceland|Preses]]
|leader_name1 = {{nowrap|[[Guðni Th. Jóhannesson]]}}
|leader_title2 = [[Prime Meenister o Iceland|Prime Meenister]]
|leader_name2 = [[Bjarni Benediktsson]]
|legislature = [[Althingi]]
|sovereignty_type = [[History o Iceland|Formation]]
|established_event1 = [[Settlement o Iceland|Settlement]]
|established_date1 = 9t century
|established_event2 = [[Þjóðveldið|Commonwealth]]
|established_date2 = 930–1262
|established_event3 = {{Nowrap|[[Norse Empire|Union wi Norawa]]}}
|established_date3 = [[Auld Covenant (Iceland)|1262]]–1814
|established_event4 = [[Monarchy o Denmark|Dens monarchy]]
|established_date4 = 1380–1944
|established_event5 = [[Constitution o Iceland|Constitution]]
|established_date5 = 5 Januar 1874
|established_event6 = {{Nowrap|[[Kinrick o Iceland|Kinrick]]}}
|established_date6 = 1 December 1918
|established_event7 = [[Icelandic constitutional referendum, 1944|Republic]]
|established_date7 = 17 Juin 1944
|area_km2 = 102,775<ref name="ruv20150226">{{cite web|url=http://www.ruv.is/frett/island-er-minna-en-talid-var|title=Ísland er minna en talið var|publisher=RÚV|date=26 February 2015|accessdate=10 March 2015|language=is}}</ref>
|area_rank = 106t
|area_sq_mi = 39,699
|percent_water = 2.7
| population_estimate = 360,390<ref name="population">Estimate given for 30 June 2019.<br/>{{cite web|title=The population increased by 1,610 in the second quarter of 2019|publisher=[[Statistics Iceland]]|date=29 July 2019|url=https://www.statice.is/publications/news-archive/inhabitants/population-in-the-2nd-quarter-2019/|accessdate=29 July 2019|language=en}}</ref>
| population_estimate_year = <!--31 March-->2019
| population_estimate_rank = 172nt
| population_density_km2 = 3.4
| population_density_sq_mi = 8.29
| population_density_rank = 233rd
| GDP_PPP = $19&nbsp;billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=66&pr.y=8&sy=2018&ey=2023&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=176&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Iceland|publisher=International Monetary Fund}}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_year = 2018
| GDP_PPP_rank = 142nt
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $54,753<ref name="imf2"/>
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 16t
| GDP_nominal = $27&nbsp;billion<ref name="imf2"/>
| GDP_nominal_year = 2018
| GDP_nominal_rank = 
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $75,700<ref name="imf2"/>
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 5t
| Gini = 24.1
| Gini_year = 2016
| Gini_change = decrease
| Gini_ref = <ref name="eurogini">{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tessi190&plugin=1 |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey |publisher=[[Eurostat]] |website=ec.europa.eu |access-date=7 March 2019}}</ref>
| Gini_rank = 2nt
| HDI = 0.935<!--number only, between 0 and 1-->
| HDI_year = 2017<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
| HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/HDI |title=2017 Human Development Report|year=2017|accessdate=14 September 2018|publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}</ref>
| HDI_rank = 6t
|currency = [[Icelandic króna]]
|currency_code = ISK
|time_zone = [[Wastren European Time|WET]]
|utc_offset = +0
|utc_offset_DST = 
|time_zone_DST = 
|date_format = dd/mm/yyyy
|drives_on = [[Richt- an caur-fist traffeck|richt]]
|calling_code = [[Telephone nummers in Iceland|+354]]
|patron_saint = [[Saunt Thorlak]]
|cctld = [[.is]]
|footnote_a = {{Note|aaa}} {{cite web|title = Statistics Iceland: Key figures|publisher = Statistics Iceland|date = 1 January 2014|url = http://www.statice.is/?PageID=1390|accessdate = 30 March 2014}}
|footnote_b = {{Note|bbb}} {{cite web|title = CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Field Listing&nbsp;– Distribution of family income&nbsp;– Gini index|publisher = United States government|url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html#Govt|accessdate = 14 September 2008|archive-date = 2007-06-13|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070613005439/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html#Govt|url-status = dead}}
|religion = [[Kirk o Iceland]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Constitution of Iceland|url=http://www.government.is/constitution/|publisher=Government of Iceland|accessdate=14 October 2014}} Section VI deals wi releegion an Airticle 62 states "The Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the State Kirk in Iceland an, as sic, it shall be supportit an pertectit bi the State". In Scots this kirk is commonly cried the Kirk o Iceland.</ref>
|area_magnitude = 1 E11
|country_code = ISK
}}

| birth_place   = Paris, Fraunce
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|1941|1|4|1859|10|18|df=y}}
| death_place   = Paris, Fraunce
| alma_mater       = [[École Normale Supérieure]]
| institutions     = [[Collège de France]]
| school_tradition = [[Continental filosofie]]<br>French [[Spiritualism (filosofie)|Spiritualism]]
| main_interests   = [[Metapheesics]], [[epistemology]], [[philosophy o leid]],<br /> [[filosofie o mathematics]]
| influences    = [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]]{{·}} [[William James|James]]{{·}} [[Charles Darwin|Darwin]]{{·}} [[Felix Ravaisson-Mollien|Ravaisson]]{{·}} [[Herbert Spencer|Spencer]]{{·}} [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz|Leibniz]]{{·}} [[Maine de Biran|Biran]]{{·}} [[Plotinus]]<ref>
{{cite conference
| url           = https://books.google.com/books?id=1PwTZPW1ohQC&printsec=frontcover
| title         = The Influence of Plotinus on Berson's Critique of Empirical Science
| first         = Curtis L.
| last          = Hancock
| authorlink    =
|date=May 1995
| conference    = Congress of the [[International Society for Neoplatonic Studies]] held in May 1995 at Vanderbilt University
| editor        = R. Baine Harris
| others        = [[International Society for Neoplatonic Studies]]
| volume        = 10
| edition       =
| booktitle     = Neoplatonism and Contemporary Thought
| publisher     = State University of New York Press
| location      = Albany
| isbn          = 978-0-7914-5275-2
| accessdate    = 2010-05-10
| quote         = That the philosophy of Henri Bergson is significantly influenced by the doctrines of Plotinus is indicated by the many years Bergson devoted to teaching Plotinus and the many parallels in their respective philosophies. This influence has been discussed at some length by Bergson's contemporaries, such as Emile Bréhier and Rose-Marie Rossé-Bastide. [...]
| page          = 139ff
}}
</ref>
| influenced    = [[Gilles Deleuze|Deleuze]]{{·}} [[Vladimir Jankélévitch|Jankélévitch]]{{·}}[[Nikos Kazantzakis|Kazantzakis]]{{·}}[[Gabriel Marcel|Marcel]]{{·}}[[Maurice Merleau-Ponty|Merleau-Ponty]]{{·}} [[Jean-Paul Sartre|Sartre]]{{·}} [[Marcel Proust|Proust]]{{·}}[[Alfred North Whitehead|Whitehead]]{{·}} [[Émile Bréhier|Bréhier]]{{·}} [[Édouard Le Roy|Le Roy]]{{·}} [[Necip Fazıl Kısakürek|Kısakürek]]{{·}} [[Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka|Tymieniecka]]{{·}} [[Muhammad Iqbal|Iqbal]]{{·}} [[Michel Aflaq|Aflaq]]
| notable_ideas = [[Duration (philosophy)|Duration]], [[Intuition (Bergson)|intuition]], [[élan vital]], [[open society]]
| awards        = [[Nobel Prize in Leeteratur]] (1927)
}}
'''Henri-Louis Bergson''' ({{IPA-fr|bɛʁksɔn|lang}}; 18 October 1859 &ndash; 4 Januar 1941) wis a major [[French filosofie|French filosofer]], influential especially in the first hauf o the 20t century.

Museum Leebrar.]]
'''Nasreddin''' or '''Nasreddin Hodja'''<ref>{{lang-tr|Nasreddin Hoca}}, {{lang-ota|نصر الدين خواجه}}, ''{{lang|ota-Latn|Nasreddīn Hodja}}'', {{lang-fa|خواجه نصرالدین}}, {{lang-ps|ملا نصرالدین}}, {{lang-ar|نصرالدین جحا}} / [[ALA-LC]]: ''{{transl|ar|ALA-LC|Naṣraddīn Juḥā}}'', {{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|ملا نصر الدین}}}} / [[ALA-LC]]: ''{{transl|ur|ALA-LC|Mullā Naṣru l-dīn}}'', {{lang-uz|Nosiriddin Xo'ja}}, {{lang-bs|Nasrudin Hodža}}, {{lang-sq|Nastradin Hoxha, Nastradini}}, {{lang-ro|Nastratin Hogea}}</ref> wis a [[Seljuq Empire|Seljuq]] [[satirical]] [[Sufi]], born in Hortu Veelage in [[Sivrihisar]], [[Eskişehir Province]], present-day [[Turkey]] an dee'd in 13t century in [[Akşehir]], near [[Konya]], a caipital o the [[Sultanate o Rum|Seljuk Sultanate o Rum]], in the day's [[Turkey]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/hodja.html#nasreddin|title=Nasreddin Hodja|website=www.pitt.edu|access-date=2016-09-10}}</ref> He is conseedert a [[Populism|populist]] filosofer an wise man, remembered for his funny stories an [[anecdote]]s.<ref name=nasruddin>The outrageous Wisdom of Nasruddin, ''[http://www.nasruddin.org/ Mullah Nasruddin]''; accessed 19 February 2007.</ref><ref name="Nasreddin Hoca">{{cite web
 | title = Nasreddin Hoca
 | publisher=Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism
 | url = http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D3138DF7C92FCA5B4D0584F186FD0FCCD518
 | accessdate =28 December 2006
}}</ref> He appears in thoosands o stories, whiles witty, whiles wise, but eften, too, a fuil or the butt o a joke. A Nasreddin story uisually haes a subtle humour an a [[moral|pedagogic naitur]].<ref name=iranica>{{cite web
|last=Javadi
|first=Hasan
|title=MOLLA NASREDDIN i. THE PERSON
|url=http://iranicaonline.org/articles/molla-nasreddin-i-the-person
|work=Encyclopaedia Iranica
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117054414/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/molla-nasreddin-i-the-person
|archive-date=17 November 2015
|accessdate=2015-12-07}}</ref> 
The Internaitional Nasreddin Hodja fest is celebratit btween 5 an 10 Julie in his hametoun every year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aksehir.bel.tr/portal/index.php/nasreddin-hoca/nasreddin-hoca-senligi|title=Akşehir Belediyesi - Nasreddin Hoca Şenliği|work=aksehir.bel.tr|access-date=2017-04-16|archive-date=2011-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817042611/http://www.aksehir.bel.tr/portal/index.php/nasreddin-hoca/nasreddin-hoca-senligi|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{coord|52|24|29|N|1|30|38|W|display=title}}

<br />{{nyse|SNE}}
| foundation       = 7 Mey 1946<ref name="sonycorpinfo">{{cite web|url=http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/|title=Sony Global&nbsp;– Corporate Information|accessdate=27 March 2014}}</ref>
| founder          = [[Masaru Ibuka]]<br />[[Akio Morita]]
| location         = [[Minato, Tokyo]], Japan
| area_served      = Warldwide
| key_people       = Osamu Nagayama<br /><small>(Chairman o the Board)</small><br />[[Kazuo Hirai]]<br /><small>(Preses an CEO)<br /></small>
| industry         = [[Conglomerate (company)|Conglomerate]]
| products         = [[Consumer electronics]]<br />[[Semiconductor]]s<br />[[Video gemmes industry|Video gemmes]]<br />[[Mass media|Media]]/[[Entertainment]]<br />[[Computer hairdware]]<br />[[Telecommunications equipment|Telecom equipment]]
| services         = [[Financial services]], insurance, bankin, credit finance an advertisin agency
| market_cap       = 
| revenue            = {{loss}} {{JPY|7.6 trillion|link=yes}}<ref name="FY">{{cite web|url=https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/IR/library/fr/16q4_sony.pdf|title=Consolidated financial results for the fiscal year ended March 2016, Sony Corporation|format=PDF}}</ref>
| revenue_year       = 2017
| operating_income   = {{loss}} {{JPY|288.7 billion}}<ref name="FY"/>
| income_year        = 2017
| net_income         = {{loss}} {{JPY|73.3 billion}}<ref name="FY"/>
| net_income_year    = 2017
| assets             = {{gain}} {{JPY|17.66 trillion}}<ref name="FY"/>
| assets_year        = 2017
| equity             = {{gain}} {{JPY|2.497 trillion}}<ref name="FY"/>
| equity_year        = 2017
| num_employees      = 125,300<ref name="sonycorpinfo"/>
| num_employees_year = 2016
| subsid           = [[Sony Corporation sharehaulders an subsidiaries|Leet o subsidiaries]]
| parent           = 
| homepage         = {{Official website|http://www.sony.com/}}
| footnotes        = 
}}
{{nihongo|'''Sony Corporation'''|ソニー株式会社|Sonī [[Kabushiki Gaisha]]}}, commonly referred tae as '''Sony''', is a Japanese [[Multinaitional corporation|multinational]] [[conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] corporation heidquartert in Kōnan [[Minato, Tokyo|Minato]], [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]].<ref>"[http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/Data/Map/index.html Access & Map]." Sony Global. Retrieved 6 December 2011. "1–7–1 Konan Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan" – [http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/Data/Map/map_head_office.pdf Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227050438/http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/Data/Map/map_head_office.pdf |date=2012-02-27 }} – [http://www.sony.jp/CorporateCruise/SMOJ-info/Profile.html Address in Japanese]: "〒108-0075 東京都港区港南1–7–1"</ref>

{{Italic title}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ''Parasaurolophus''
| fossil_range = <br />[[Late Cretaceous]] 
| image = FMNH Parasaurolophus fossil.jpg
| image_caption = ''P. cyrtocristatus'' skeleton moont at the [[Field Museum of Natural History]].
| taxon = Parasaurolophus
| authority = [[William Parks]], [[1922]]
| type_species = {{extinct}}'''''Parasaurolophus walkeri'''''
| type_species_authority = Parks, 1922
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
*{{extinct}}'''''P. tubicen''''' <small>[[Carl Wiman|Wiman]], [[1931]]</small>
*{{extinct}}'''''P. cyrtocristatus''''' <small>[[John Ostrom|Ostrom]], [[1961 in paleontology|1961]]</small>
*{{extinct}}''[[Charonosaurus|P. jiayinensis]]''? <small>Godefroit, Zan & Jin, 2000</small>
| synonyms_ref = {{sfn|Martin|2014}}
| synonyms =
*''[[Charonosaurus]]''?<br /><small>Godefroit, Zan & Jin, 2000</small>
}}

An '''audience''' is a group o [[person|fowk]] who participate in a [[Performance|shaw]] or encoonter a [[wirk o airt]], [[leeteratur]] (in which thay are cried "readers"), [[theatre]], [[muisic]] (in which thay are cried "listeners"), [[video gemme]]s (in which thay are cried "players"), or [[academic]]s in ony [[Media (arts)|medium]].

[[Arabic leid|(Arabic)]] <br/> ''al-Jumhūrīyah at-Tūnisīyah''
|common_name                 = Tunisie
|image_flag                  = Flag of Tunisia.svg
|image_coat                  = Coat of arms of Tunisia.svg
|symbol_type                 = Coat o airms
|national_motto              = {{lang|ar|حرية، ، عدالة، نظام}}<br/>"{{transl|ar|Ḥurrīyah, 'Adālah, Niẓām}}"<br/>{{small|"Liberty, Justice, Order"}}<ref name="art4">{{cite web |title=Tunisia Constitution, Article 4 |url=http://www.anc.tn/site/main/AR/docs/constit_proj_26012014.pdf |publication-date=26 January 2014 |accessdate=10 February 2014 |archive-date=2014-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209234154/http://www.anc.tn/site/main/AR/docs/constit_proj_26012014.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|national_anthem             = {{lang|ar|حماة الحمى}}<br/>''[[Humat al-Hima]]''<br/>{{small|''Defenders o the Hameland''}}<br/>{{center|}}
|image_map                   = Location Tunisia AU Africa.svg
|map_caption                 = {{map caption|countryprefix=|location_color=dark blue|region=Africa|region_color=dark grey|subregion=the [[African Union]]|subregion_color=light blue}}
|image_map2 = Tunisia - Location Map (2013) - TUN - UNOCHA.svg
|capital                     = [[Tunis]]
|coordinates                 = {{Coord|36|50|N|10|9|E|type:city}}
|largest_city                = caipital
|official_languages          = [[Arabic]]<ref name="art1">{{cite web |title=Tunisian Constitution, Article 1 |url=http://www.anc.tn/site/main/AR/docs/constit_proj_26012014.pdf |publication-date=26 January 2014 |accessdate=10 February 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209234154/http://www.anc.tn/site/main/AR/docs/constit_proj_26012014.pdf |archivedate=9 February 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209234154/http://www.anc.tn/site/main/AR/docs/constit_proj_26012014.pdf |date=2014-02-09 }} Translation by the University of Bern: "Tunisia is a free State, independent and sovereign; its religion is the Islam, its language is Arabic, and its form is the Republic."</ref>
|languages_type              = Spoken leids
|languages                   = {{vunblist |[[Tunisie Arabic]]<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/aeb Arabic, Tunisian Spoken]. Ethnologue (19 February 1999). Retrieved on 5 September 2015.</ref> |[[Tamazight]] (Berber)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://global.britannica.com/topic/Tamazight-language|title=Tamazight language|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=2017-04-21|archive-date=2021-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104233722/https://global.britannica.com/topic/Tamazight-language|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nawaat.org/portail/2012/02/27/interview-avec-association-tunisienne-de-culture-amazigh/|title=Nawaat – Interview avec l’ Association Tunisienne de Culture Amazighe|work=Nawaat}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://researchdirect.uws.edu.au/islandora/object/uws:573|title=An outline of the Shilha (Berber) vernacular of Douiret (Southern Tunisia)|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tunisia-live.net/2011/10/13/tunisian-amazigh-and-the-fight-for-recognition/|title=Tunisian Amazigh and the Fight for Recognition – Tunisialive|work=Tunisialive|access-date=2017-04-21|archive-date=2018-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225065936/http://www.tunisia-live.net/2011/10/13/tunisian-amazigh-and-the-fight-for-recognition/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |[[French leid|French]] <small>(commercial an eddicational)</small>}} [[English leid|Inglis]] <small>(commercial an edidcational)</small>
|ethnic_groups = <!--The following is sourced (see ethnic_groups_year above), so please do not change it without also replacing that source:-->
{{vunblist
  | 98% {{nowrap|[[Arabs|Arab]]<ref name=CIA/><!--end nowrap:-->}}
  | 1% [[Ethnic groups in Europe|European]]<ref name=CIA>{{cite web |title=Tunisia |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ts.html |publisher=CIA World Factbook |accessdate=15 October 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6BRmFRbow?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ts.html |archivedate=2012-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref>
  | 1% [[Jews|Jewish]] an ither<ref name=CIA/>
}}
|demonym                     = Tunisie
|government_type             = {{nowrap|[[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Semi-presidential seestem|semi-presidential]]}} [[republic]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Frosini|first1=Justin|last2=Biagi|first2=Francesco|title=Political and Constitutional Transitions in North Africa: Actors and Factors|date=2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317597452|page=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4FK2BQAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA4#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref><ref>Choudhry, Sujit; Stacey, Richard (2014) [http://www.idea.int/publications/constitution-building-a-global-review/upload/cbgr_c5.pdf "Semi-presidential government in Tunisia and Egypt"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202025829/http://www.idea.int/publications/constitution-building-a-global-review/upload/cbgr_c5.pdf |date=2016-02-02 }}. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. Retrieved 7 January 2016.</ref>
|leader_title1               = [[Preses o Tunisia|Preses]]
|leader_name1                = [[Kais Saied]]
|leader_title2               = [[Heid o Govrenment o Tunisie|Prime Meenister]]
|leader_name2                = [[Najla Bouden Romdhane]]
|legislature                 = [[Assembly o the Representatives of the People (Tunisie)|Assembly o the Representatives o the Fowk]]
|sovereignty_type            = [[History o Tunisie|Formation]]
|established_event1          = [[Husainid Dynasty]] inauguratit
|established_date1           = 15 Julie 1705
|established_event2          = Independence frae [[French Fowert Republic|Fraunce]]
|established_date2           = 20 Mairch 1956
|established_event3          = [[History o modren Tunisie|Republic declared]]
|established_date3           = 25 Julie 1957
|established_event4          = [[Tunisie Revolution|Revolution Day]]
|established_date4           = 14 Januar 2011
|area_km2                    = 163610
|area_rank                   = 93rd
|area_sq_mi                  = 63170
|percent_water               = 5.0
|population_estimate         = 10,982,754<ref name="ins">{{cite web |url=http://www.ins.nat.tn/indexen.php |title=National Institute of Statistics-Tunisia |publisher=National Institute of Statistics-Tunisia |date=12 September 2014 |accessdate=12 September 2014 |archive-date=2015-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904023615/http://www.ins.nat.tn/indexen.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|population_census           = 
|population_estimate_year    = 2014
|population_estimate_rank    = 79t
|population_census_year      = 
|population_density_km2      = 63 <!--pop est 2011 (164,418 sq km) / land area(163610) = 63,482 sq mi-->
|population_density_sq_mi    = 163
|population_density_rank     = 133rd
|GDP_PPP                     = $130.831 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=38&pr.y=8&sy=2016&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=744&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=|title=Tunisia |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref>
|GDP_PPP_year                = 2016
|GDP_PPP_rank                = 
|GDP_PPP_per_capita          = $11,656<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank     =
|GDP_nominal                 = $42.388 billion<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_nominal_year            = 2016
|GDP_nominal_per_capita      = $3,776<ref name=imf2/>
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 
|Gini                        = 36.1 <!-- number only -->
|Gini_year                   = 2010
|Gini_change                 =  <!-- increase/decrease/steady -->
|Gini_ref                    = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=GINI index |publisher=World Bank |date= |accessdate=19 January 2013}}</ref>
|HDI                         = 0.725 <!-- number only -->
|HDI_year                    = 2016<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
|HDI_change                  = increase <!-- increase/decrease/steady -->
|HDI_ref                     = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2016_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2016 Human Development Report |date=2016 |accessdate=04 April 2016 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref>
|HDI_rank                    = 97th
|currency                    = [[Tunisie dinar]]
|currency_code               = TND
|time_zone                   = [[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc_offset                  = +1
|drives_on                   = [[Richt- an left-haund traffic#Tunisie|richt]]
|calling_code                = [[+216]]
|cctld                       = {{ublist |[[.tn]] |{{rtl-lang|ar|[[.تونس]]}}<ref name="iana">{{cite web |url=http://www.iana.org/reports/2010/tunis-report-16jul2010.html |title=Report on the Delegation of تونس. |year=2010 |publisher=Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers |accessdate=8 November 2010}}</ref>}}
|religion                    = [[Islam]]
|area_magnitude              = 1 E11
|country_code                = +216
}}
'''Tunisie''', offeecially the '''Tunisian Republic''' (الجمهورية التونسية‎ al-Jumhūriyya at-Tūnisiyya), is the northrenmaist kintra in [[Africae]]. It is an Arab kintra an is bordered bi [[Algerie]] tae the wast, [[Libie]] tae the sootheast, an the [[Mediterranean Sea]] tae the north an east. Its aurie is amaist 165,000&nbsp;km², wi an estimatit population o juist ower 10.3 million. Its name is derived frae the caipital [[Tunis]] locatit in the north-east.

{{Taxobox
| name = Swallowtail Butterflee
| image = Papilionidae - Oslo Zoological Museum - IMG 9085T.jpg
| image_caption = <center>Some species o the Papilionidae''
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| classis = [[Insect]]a
| ordo = [[Lepidoptera]]
| subordo = [[Ditrysia]]
| superfamilia = [[Papilionoidea]]
| familia = '''Papilionidae'''
| familia_authority = [[Pierre André Latreille|Latreille]], [1802]
| type_species = ''[[Papilio machaon]]''
| type_species_authority = 
| subdivision_ranks = [[Subfaimily|Subfaimilies]] an [[genus|genera]]
| subdivision =
Thare are 31 genera an aboot 600 species:
*Subfaimily [[Baroniinae]]
**''[[Baronia]]''
*Subfaimily [[Parnassiinae]]
**''[[Allancastria]]''
**''[[Archon (lepidoptera)|Archon]]''
**''[[Bhutanitis]]''
**''[[Hypermnestra (butterflee)|Hypermnestra]]''
**''[[Luehdorfia]]''
**''[[Parnassius]]''
**''[[Sericinus]]''
*Subfamily [[Papilioninae]]
**''[[Atrophaneura]]''
**''[[Battus (butterflee)|Battus]]''
**''[[Byasa]]''
**''[[Cressida (butterflee)|Cressida]]''
**''[[Euryades]]''
**''[[Eurytides]]''
**''[[Graphium (butterflee)|Graphium]]''
**''[[Iphiclides]]''
**''[[Lamproptera]]''
**''[[Losaria]]''
**''[[Meandrusa]]''
**''[[Mimoides]]''
**''[[Ornithoptera]]''
**''[[Pachliopta]]''
**''[[Papilio]]''
**''[[Parides]]''
**''[[Pharmacophagus]]''
**''[[Protesilaus (butterflee)|Protesilaus]]''
**''[[Protographium]]''
**''[[Teinopalpus]]''
**''[[Trogonoptera]]''
**''[[Troides]]''
* Subfaimily †[[Praepapilioninae]]
**†''[[Praepapilio]]''
}}
'''Swallowtail butterflees''' are muckle, colourfu [[Butterflee]]s in the faimily '''Papilionidae''', an include ower 550 [[species]].<ref name="GloBIS/GART">{{cite web |url=http://www.insects-online.de/frames/papilio.htm |title=Papilionidae – revised GloBIS/GART species checklist  (2nd draft) |author1=Häuser, Christoph L. |author2=de Jong, Rienk |author3=Lamas, Gerardo |author4=Robbins, Robert K. |author5=Smith, Campbell |author6=Vane-Wright, Richard I. |date=28 July 2005 |work= |publisher= |accessdate=8 November 2010 |archive-date=2010-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100909141739/http://www.insects-online.de/frames/papilio.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Automatic taxobox
| name               = Bilaterians
| fossil_range       = [[Ediacaran]]–[[Holocene|Present]], {{fossil range|560|0|refs=<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Martin | first1 = M. W. | last2 = Grazhdankin | first2 = D. V | last3 = Bowring | first3 = S. A | last4 = Evans | first4 = D. A | last5 = Fedonkin | first5 = M. A | last6 = Kirschvink | first6 = J. L. | date = 5 May 2000 | title = Age of Neoproterozoic bilatarian [sic] body and trace fossils, White Sea, Russia: implications for metazoan evolution | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2000-05-05_288_5467/page/841 | journal = Science | volume = 288  | issue = 5467 | pages = 841–5 | doi=10.1126/science.288.5467.841 | pmid=10797002| bibcode = 2000Sci...288..841M }}</ref>}}
| image              = Animal_diversity_October_2007.jpg
| image_caption      = Diversity o bilaterians.
| taxon              = Bilateria
| display_parents    = 2
| authority          = [[Berthold Hatschek|Hatschek]], 1888
| subdivision_ranks  = [[Phylum|Phyla]]
| subdivision        = * [[Proarticulata]] [[extinction|†]]
* [[Xenacoelomorpha]]
* [[Nephrozoa]]:
** '''Superphylum [[Deuterostomia]]'''
*** [[Chordata]]
*** [[Saccorhytida]] [[extinction|†]]
*** [[Ambulacraria]] (unranked)
**** [[Hemichordata]]
**** [[Echinodermata]]
**** [[Cambroernida]] [[extinction|†]]
** '''[[Protostomia]] (unranked)'''
*** '''Superphylum [[Ecdysozoa]]'''
**** [[Cycloneuralia]] (unranked) 
***** [[Scalidophora]] (unranked)
****** [[Kinorhyncha]]
****** [[Loricifera]]
****** [[Priapulida]]
***** [[Nematoida]] (unranked) 
****** [[Nematoda]]
****** [[Nematomorpha]]
**** [[Panarthropoda]] (unranked)
****** [[Arthropoda]]
***** [[Onychophora]] 
***** [[Tactopoda]]
****** [[Tardigrada]]
*** '''[[Spiralia]] (unranked)''' 
**** '''[[Chaetognatha]]'''
**** [[Mesozoa]] (unranked)
***** [[Salinella|Monoblastozoa]]
**** '''Superphylum [[Platyzoa]]'''
***** [[Acanthocephala]]
***** [[Cycliophora]]
***** [[Gastrotricha]]
***** [[Gnathostomulida]]
***** [[Micrognathozoa]]
***** [[Platyhelminthes]]
***** [[Rotifera]]
**** '''Superphylum [[Lophotrochozoa]]'''
***** [[Annelida]]
***** [[Brachiopoda]]
***** [[Bryozoa]]
***** [[Dicyemida]]
***** [[Entoprocta]]
***** [[Hyolitha]] [[extinction|†]]
***** [[Mollusca]]
***** [[Nemertea]]
***** [[Orthonectida]]
***** [[Phoronida]]
| synonyms           = 
[[Triploblasts]] <small>Lankester, 1873</small>
}}
The '''bilateria''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|b|aɪ|l|ə|ˈ|t|ɪər|i|ə}} are aw animals havin a [[symmetry (biology)#Bilateral symmetry|bilateral symmetry]], i.e. thay hae a front anda back end, as well as an upside an dounside.

{{short description|Japanese Go player}}
{{For|her [[mither]]|Reiko Kobayashi}}
{{distinguish|Chizu Kobayashi}}
'''Izumi Kobayashi''' (小林泉美) is a Japanese [[perfaision]]al [[Go (gemme)|Go]] player at [[Nihon Ki-in]] since 1995.<ref name="sen">[https://senseis.xmp.net/?KobayashiIzumi Izumi Kobayashi at Sensei's Library]</ref><ref name="base">[https://gobase.org/information/players/?pp=Kobayashi%20Izumi Izumi Kobayashi at GoBase]</ref> She is known for holdin many female titles in the 2000s.
==Notable faimily members==
Izumi Kobayashi has several players in her [[faimily]].<ref name="sen"/><ref name="base"/>

|established = 2001
|location = Glesga, Scotland
|website = [http://www.glasgowsciencecentre.org www.glasgowsciencecentre.org]
|caption=Glesga Science Centre an [[Glesga Touer]], the maist muckle structur in Scotland}}'''Glasgow Science Centre''' ({{Lang-en|Glasgow Science Centre}}) is a veestior attraction fund in the Clyde Waterfront Regeneration area on the sooth bank o the [[River Clyde]] in [[Glesga]], [[Scotland]]. [[Queen Elizabeth II]] apppent the Gesga Science Centre on 5 Julie 2001. It's ane o Scotland's maist faur ben peyed-for veestior attractions.<ref>{{cite news|date=1 Mar 2016|title=Visitor numbers up at Scots attractions|language=en|trans-title=Veesitor nummers up at Scots attractions|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-35690252|url-status=live}}</ref> It's a biggit fur tae be a science centre made oot o three main biggin: Science Mall, [[Glasgow Tower|Glesga Touer]] an a IMAX cinema. It is a chairity unner Scots law.<ref>{{Cite web|title=OSCR {{!}} Charity Details|trans-title=OSCR {{!}} Chairity Details|url=https://www.oscr.org.uk/about-charities/search-the-register/charity-details?number=SC030809|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-05|website=www.oscr.org.uk|language=en}}</ref>

'''Pichilemu''' is a smaa toun in cenral [[Chile]]. It is the caipital o a [[gmina]] athin Cardenal Caro. It haes 12,392 indwallers, as o [[2002]].
{{Commonscat}}