Avonex

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ANNEX I 
 

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 
 



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1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT 
 
AVONEX 30 micrograms/0.5 ml solution for injection. 
 
 
2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION 
 
Each 0.5 ml pre-filled syringe contains 30 micrograms (6 million IU) of interferon beta-1a. 
 
The concentration is 30 micrograms per 0.5 ml. 
 
Using the World Health Organisation (WHO) International Standard for Interferon, 30 micrograms of 
AVONEX contain 6 million IU of antiviral activity. The activity against other standards is not known. 
 
Excipient(s) with known effect 
For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1. 
 
 
3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM 
 
Solution for injection. 
 
Clear and colourless solution. 
 
 
4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 
 
4.1 Therapeutic indications 
 
AVONEX is indicated for the treatment of  
 
• Patients diagnosed with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). In clinical trials, this was 

characterised by two or more acute exacerbations (relapses) in the previous three-years without 
evidence of continuous progression between relapses; AVONEX slows the progression of 
disability and decreases the frequency of relapses. 

 
• Patients with a single demyelinating event with an active inflammatory process, if it is severe 

enough to warrant treatment with intravenous corticosteroids, if alternative diagnoses have been 
excluded, and if they are determined to be at high risk of developing clinically definite multiple 
sclerosis (see section 5.1). 

 
AVONEX should be discontinued in patients who develop progressive MS. 
 
4.2 Posology and method of administration 
 
Treatment should be initiated under supervision of a physician experienced in the treatment of the 
disease. 
 
Posology 
 
Adults: The recommended dosage for the treatment of relapsing MS is 30 micrograms (0.5 ml 
solution), administered by intramuscular (IM) injection once a week (see section 6.6). No additional 
benefit has been shown by administering a higher dose (60 micrograms) once a week. 
 
Titration: To help patients reduce the incidence and severity of flu-like symptoms (see section 4.8), 
titration can be performed at the initiation of treatment. Titration using the pre-filled syringe can be 



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achieved by initiating therapy on ¼ dose increments per week reaching the full dose (30 
micrograms/week) by the fourth week.  
 
An alternative titration schedule can be achieved by initiating therapy on approximately a ½ dose of 
AVONEX once a week before increasing to the full dose. In order to obtain adequate efficacy, a dose 
of 30 micrograms once a week should be reached and maintained after the initial titration period.  
 
The AVOSTARTCLIP titration kit is designed for use with the pre-filled syringe only. It can be used 
to achieve the ¼ or ½ dose increments. Each AVOSTARTCLIP should be used once and then 
discarded along with any remaining AVONEX in the syringe. 
 
Prior to injection and for an additional 24 hours after each injection, an antipyretic analgesic is 
advised to decrease flu-like symptoms associated with AVONEX administration. These symptoms are 
usually present during the first few months of treatment. 
 
Paediatric population: The safety and efficacy of AVONEX in adolescents aged 12 to 16 years have 
not yet been established. Currently available data are described in section 4.8 and 5.1 but no 
recommendation on a posology can be made. 
 
The safety and efficacy of AVONEX in children below 12 years of age have not yet been established.  
No data are available 
 
Elderly: Clinical studies did not include a sufficient number of patients aged 65 and over to determine 
whether they respond differently than younger patients. However, based on the mode of clearance of 
the active substance there are no theoretical reasons for any requirement for dose adjustments in the 
elderly. 
 
Method of administration 
 
The intramuscular injection site should be varied each week (see section 5.3). 
 
Doctors may prescribe a 25 mm, 25 gauge needle to patients for whom such a needle is appropriate to 
administer an intramuscular injection. 
 
At the present time, it is not known for how long patients should be treated. Patients should be 
clinically evaluated after two years of treatment and longer-term treatment should be decided on an 
individual basis by the treating physician. Treatment should be discontinued if the patient develops 
chronic progressive MS. 
 
4.3 Contraindications 
 
- Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to natural or recombinant interferon beta or to any 

excipients listed in section 6.1. 
- Patients with current severe depression and/or suicidal ideation (see sections 4.4 and 4.8). 
 
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use 
 
Traceability 
 
In order to improve the traceability of biological medicinal products, the name and the batch number 
of the administered product should be clearly recorded. 
 
AVONEX should be administered with caution to patients with previous or current depressive 
disorders, in particular to those with antecedents of suicidal ideation (see section 4.3). Depression and 
suicidal ideation are known to occur in increased frequency in the multiple sclerosis population and in 



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association with interferon use. Patients should be advised to immediately report any symptoms of 
depression and/or suicidal ideation to their prescribing physician. 
 
Patients exhibiting depression should be monitored closely during therapy and treated appropriately. 
Cessation of therapy with AVONEX should be considered (see also sections 4.3 and 4.8). 
 
AVONEX should be administered with caution to patients with a history of seizures, to those 
receiving treatment with anti-epileptics, particularly if their epilepsy is not adequately controlled with 
anti-epileptics (see sections 4.5 and 4.8).  
 
Caution should be used and close monitoring considered when administering AVONEX to patients 
with severe renal and hepatic failure and to patients with severe myelosuppression. 
 
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA): Cases of thrombotic microangiopathy, manifested as 
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) or haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), including fatal 
cases, have been reported with interferon beta products. Events were reported at various time points 
during treatment and may occur several weeks to several years after starting treatment with interferon 
beta. Early clinical features include thrombocytopenia, new onset hypertension, fever, central nervous 
system symptoms (e.g. confusion, paresis) and impaired renal function. Laboratory findings 
suggestive of TMA include decreased platelet counts, increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 
due to haemolysis and schistocytes (erythrocyte fragmentation) on a blood film. Therefore if clinical 
features of TMA are observed, further testing of blood platelet levels, serum LDH, blood films and 
renal function is recommended. If TMA is diagnosed, prompt treatment is required (considering 
plasma exchange) and immediate discontinuation of AVONEX is recommended.  
 
Nephrotic Syndrome: Cases of nephrotic syndrome with different underlying nephropathies including 
collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), minimal change disease (MCD), 
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and membranous glomerulopathy (MGN) have 
been reported during treatment with interferon-beta products. Events were reported at various time 
points during treatment and may occur after several years of treatment with interferon beta. Periodic 
monitoring of early signs or symptoms, e.g. oedema, proteinuria and impaired renal function is 
recommended, especially in patients at higher risk of renal disease. Prompt treatment of nephrotic 
syndrome is required and discontinuation of treatment with AVONEX should be considered. 
 
Hepatic injury including elevated serum hepatic enzyme levels, hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis and 
hepatic failure has been reported with interferon beta in post-marketing (see section 4.8). In some 
cases, these reactions have occurred in the presence of other medicinal products that have been 
associated with hepatic injury. The potential of additive effects from multiple medicinal products or 
other hepatotoxic agents (e.g. alcohol) has not been determined. Patients should be monitored for 
signs of hepatic injury and caution exercised when interferons are used concomitantly with other 
medicinal products associated with hepatic injury. 
 
Patients with cardiac disease, such as angina, congestive heart failure or arrhythmia, should be closely 
monitored for worsening of their clinical condition during treatment with AVONEX. Flu-like 
symptoms associated with AVONEX therapy may prove stressful to patients with underlying cardiac 
conditions. 
 
Laboratory abnormalities are associated with the use of interferons. Therefore, in addition to those 
laboratory tests normally required for monitoring patients with MS, complete and differential white 
blood cell counts, platelet counts, and blood chemistry, including liver function tests, are 
recommended during AVONEX therapy. Patients with myelosuppression may require more intensive 
monitoring of complete blood cell counts, with differential and platelet counts. 
 
Patients may develop antibodies to AVONEX. The antibodies of some of those patients reduce the 
activity of interferon beta-1a in vitro (neutralising antibodies). Neutralising antibodies are associated 
with a reduction in the in vivo biological effects of AVONEX and may potentially be associated with 



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a reduction of clinical efficacy. It is estimated that the plateau for the incidence of neutralising 
antibody formation is reached after 12 months of treatment. Recent clinical studies with patients 
treated up to three years with AVONEX suggest that approximately 5% to 8% develop neutralising 
antibodies. 
 
The use of various assays to detect serum antibodies to interferons limits the ability to compare 
antigenicity among different products. 
 
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction 
 
No formal interaction studies have been performed in humans. 
 
The interaction of AVONEX with corticosteroids or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) has not 
been studied systematically. The clinical studies indicate that MS patients can receive AVONEX and 
corticosteroids or ACTH during relapses. 
 
Interferons have been reported to reduce the activity of hepatic cytochrome P450-dependent enzymes 
in humans and animals. The effect of high-dose AVONEX administration on P450-dependent 
metabolism in monkeys was evaluated and no changes in liver metabolising capabilities were 
observed. Caution should be exercised when AVONEX is administered in combination with 
medicinal products that have a narrow therapeutic index and are largely dependent on the hepatic 
cytochrome P450 system for clearance, e.g. some classes of antiepileptics and antidepressants. 
 
4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation 
 
Pregnancy 
 
A large amount of data (more than 1000 pregnancy outcomes) from registries and post-marketing 
experience indicates no increased risk of major congenital anomalies after pre-conception exposure to 
interferon beta or such exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy. However, the duration of 
exposure during the first trimester is uncertain, because data were collected when interferon beta use 
was contraindicated during pregnancy, and treatment likely interrupted when pregnancy was detected 
and/or confirmed. Experience with exposure during the second and third trimester is very limited.  
 
Based on animal data (see section 5.3), there is a possibly increased risk for spontaneous abortion.  
The risk of spontaneous abortions in pregnant women exposed to interferon beta cannot adequately be 
evaluated based on the currently available data, but the data do not suggest an increased risk so far. 
 
If clinically needed, the use of Avonex may be considered during pregnancy. 
 
Breast-feeding  
 
Limited information available on the transfer of interferon beta-1a into breast milk, together with the 
chemical / physiological characteristics of interferon beta, suggests that levels of interferon beta-1a 
excreted in human milk are negligible. No harmful effects on the breastfed newborn/infant are 
anticipated.  
 
Avonex can be used during breast-feeding.  
 
Fertility 
 
Fertility and developmental studies in rhesus monkeys have been carried out with a related form of 
interferon beta 1a. At very high doses, anovulatory and abortifacient effects in test animals were 
observed (see section 5.3).  
No information is available on the effects of interferon beta-1a on male fertility. 
 



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4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines 
 
No studies on the effects of AVONEX on the ability to drive and use machines have been performed. 
Central nervous system-related adverse reactions may have a minor influence on the ability to drive 
and use machines in susceptible patients (see section 4.8). 
 
4.8 Undesirable effects 
 
The highest incidence of adverse reactions associated with AVONEX therapy is related to flu-like 
symptoms. The most commonly reported flu-like symptoms are myalgia, fever, chills, sweating, 
asthenia, headache and nausea. Titrating AVONEX at the initiation of therapy has demonstrated a 
reduction in the severity and incidence of flu-like symptoms. Flu-like symptoms tend to be most 
prominent at the initiation of therapy and decrease in frequency with continued treatment. 
 
Transient neurological symptoms that may mimic MS exacerbations may occur following injections. 
Transient episodes of hypertonia and/or severe muscular weakness that prevent voluntary movements 
may occur at any time during treatment. These episodes are of limited duration, temporally related to 
the injections and may recur after subsequent injections. In some cases these symptoms are associated 
with flu-like symptoms. 
 
The frequencies of adverse reactions are expressed in patient-years, according to the following 
categories: 
 
Very common (≥1/10 patient-years); 
Common (≥1/100 to <1/10 patient-years); 
Uncommon (≥1/1, 000 to <1/100 patient-years); 
Rare (≥1/10, 000 to <1/1,000 patient-years); 
Very rare (<1/10,000 patient-years); 
Not known (cannot be estimated from the available data). 
 
Patient-time is the sum of individual units of time that the patient in the study has been exposed to 
AVONEX before experiencing the adverse reaction. For example, 100 person-years could be 
observed in 100 patients who were on treatment for one year or in 200 patients who were on treatment 
for half a year. 
 
Adverse reactions identified from studies (clinical trials and observational studies, with a period of 
follow-up ranging from two years to six years) and other adverse reactions identified through 
spontaneous reporting from the market, with unknown frequency, are provided in the table below. 
 
Within each frequency grouping, undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing seriousness. 
 
Investigations 
 
common 
 
 
 
 
uncommon 
 
not known 

 
 
lymphocyte count decreased, white blood cell 
count decreased, neutrophil count decreased, 
hematocrit decreased, blood potassium 
increased, blood urea nitrogen increased 
 
platelet count decreased 
 
weight decreased, weight increased, 
liver function tests abnormal 
 



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Cardiac disorders 
 
not known 
 

 
 
cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure (see 
section 4.4), palpitations, arrhythmia, 
tachycardia  
 

Blood and lymphatic system disorders 
 
not known 
 
rare 
 

 
 
pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia  
 
thrombotic microangiopathy including 
thrombotic thrombocytopenic 
purpura/haemolytic uraemic syndrome* 
 

Nervous system disorders 
 
very common 
 
common 
 
not known 

 
 
headache2 
 
muscle spasticity, hypoesthesia 
 
neurological symptoms, syncope3, 
hypertonia, dizziness, paraesthesia, 
seizures, migraine 
 

Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal 
disorders 
 
common 
 
rare 
 
not known 
 

 
 
 
rhinorrhoea 
 
dyspnoea 
 
pulmonary arterial hypertension┼ 

Gastrointestinal disorders 
 
common 
 

 
 
vomiting, diarrhoea, nausea2 

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders 
 
common 
 
uncommon 
 
not known 

 
 
rash, sweating increased, contusion 
 
alopecia 
 
angioneurotic oedema, pruritus, rash 
vesicular, urticaria, aggravation of psoriasis 
 



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Musculoskeletal and connective tissue 
disorders 
 
common 
 
 
 
not known 

 
 
 
muscle cramp, neck pain, myalgia2, arthralgia, 
pain in extremity, back pain, 
muscle stiffness, musculoskeletal stiffness 
 
systemic lupus erythematosus, muscle 
weakness, arthritis 
 

Renal and urinary disorders 
 
rare 
 

 
 
nephrotic syndrome, glomerulosclerosis  (see 
section 4.4 ‘special warnings and 
precautions’) 

Endocrine disorders 
 
not known 
 

 
 
hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism 

Metabolism and nutrition disorders 
 
common 
 

 
 
anorexia 

Infections and infestations 
 
not known 
 

 
 
injection site abscess1 

Vascular disorders 
 
common 
 
not known 
 

 
 
flushing 
 
vasodilatation 
 

General disorders and administration site 
conditions 
 
very common 
 
common 
 
 
 
uncommon 
 
not known 
 

 
 
 
flu-like symptoms, pyrexia2, chills2, sweating2 
 
injection site pain, injection site erythema, 
injection site bruising, asthenia2, pain, 
fatigue2, malaise, night sweats 
 
injection site burning  
 
injection site reaction, injection site 
inflammation, injection site cellulitis1, 
injection site necrosis, injection site bleeding, 
chest pain 
 

Immune system disorders 
 
not known 
 

 
 
anaphylactic reaction, anaphylactic shock, 
hypersensitivity reactions (angioedema, 
dyspnoea, urticaria, rash, pruritic rash) 
 



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Hepatobiliary disorders 
 
not known 
 

 
 
hepatic failure (see section 4.4), hepatitis, 
autoimmune hepatitis 
 

Reproductive system and breast disorders 
 
uncommon 
 

 
 
metrorrhagia, menorrhagia 
 

Psychiatric disorders 
 
common 
 
not known 

 
 
depression (see section 4.4), insomnia  
 
suicide, psychosis, anxiety, confusion, 
emotional lability 
 

*Class label for interferon beta products (see section 4.4). 
┼ Class label for interferon products, see below Pulmonary arterial hypertension. 
 
1Injection site reactions including pain, inflammation and very rare cases of abscess or cellulitis that 
may require surgical intervention have been reported. 
 
2The frequency of occurrence is higher at the beginning of treatment. 
 
3A syncope episode may occur after AVONEX injection, it is normally a single episode that usually 
appears at the beginning of the treatment and does not recur with subsequent injections. 
 
Pulmonary arterial hypertension 
 
Cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have been reported with interferon beta products. 
Events were reported at various time points including up to several years after starting treatment with 
interferon beta. 
 
Paediatric population 
 
Limited published data suggest that the safety profile in adolescents from 12 to 16 years of age 
receiving AVONEX 30 micrograms IM once per week is similar to that seen in adults. 
 
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions 
 
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It 
allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare 
professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the national reporting system 
listed in Appendix V. 
 
4.9 Overdose 
 
No case of overdose has been reported. However, in case of overdose, patients should be hospitalised 
for observation and appropriate supportive treatment given. 
 
 
5. PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES 
 
5.1  Pharmacodynamic properties 
 
Pharmacotherapeutic Group: Interferons, ATC code: L03 AB07. 

http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Template_or_form/2013/03/WC500139752.doc
http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Template_or_form/2013/03/WC500139752.doc


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Interferons are a family of naturally occurring proteins that are produced by eukaryotic cells in 
response to viral infection and other biological inducers. Interferons are cytokines that mediate 
antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activities. Three major forms of interferons have 
been distinguished: alpha, beta, and gamma. Interferons alpha and beta are classified as Type I 
interferons, and interferon gamma is a Type II interferon. These interferons have overlapping but 
clearly distinguishable biological activities. They can also differ with respect to their cellular sites of 
synthesis. 
 
Interferon beta is produced by various cell types including fibroblasts and macrophages. Natural 
interferon beta and AVONEX (interferon beta-1a) are glycosylated and have a single N-linked 
complex carbohydrate moiety. Glycosylation of other proteins is known to affect their stability, 
activity, biodistribution, and half-life in blood. However, the effects of interferon beta that are 
dependent on glycosylation are not fully defined. 
 
Mechanism of action 
 
AVONEX exerts its biological effects by binding to specific receptors on the surface of human cells. 
This binding initiates a complex cascade of intracellular events that leads to the expression of 
numerous interferon-induced gene products and markers. These include MHC Class I, Mx protein, 
2’ / 5’-oligoadenylate synthetase, β2-microglobulin, and neopterin. Some of these products have been 
measured in the serum and cellular fractions of blood collected from patients treated with AVONEX. 
After a single intramuscular dose of AVONEX, serum levels of these products remain elevated for at 
least four days and up to one week. 
 
Whether the mechanism of action of AVONEX in MS is mediated by the same pathway as the 
biological effects described above is not known because the pathophysiology of MS is not well 
established. 
 
Clinical efficacy and safety 
 
The effects of lyophilised AVONEX in the treatment of MS were demonstrated in a 
placebo-controlled study of 301 patients (AVONEX n=158, placebo n=143) with relapsing MS 
characterised by at least 2 exacerbations in the previous 3 years or at least one exacerbation per year 
prior to entry when the duration of the disease was less than 3 years. Patients with an EDSS of 1.0 to 
3.5 at entry were included in the clinical trial. Due to the design of the study, patients were followed 
for variable lengths of time. 150 AVONEX-treated patients completed one year on study and 85 
completed two years on study. In the study, the cumulative percentage of patients who developed 
disability progression (by Kaplan-Meier life table analysis) by the end of two years was 35% for 
placebo-treated patients and 22% for AVONEX-treated patients. Disability progression was measured 
as an increase in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) of 1.0 point, sustained for at least six 
months. It was also shown that there was a one-third reduction in annual relapse rate. This latter 
clinical effect was observed after more than one year of treatment. 
 
A double-blind randomised dose comparison study of 802 relapsing MS patients (AVONEX 
30 micrograms n=402, AVONEX 60 micrograms n=400) has shown no statistically significant 
differences or trends between the 30 micrograms and the 60 micrograms doses of AVONEX in 
clinical and general MRI parameters. 
 
The effects of AVONEX in the treatment of MS were also demonstrated in a randomised double-blind 
study performed with 383 patients (AVONEX n=193, placebo n=190) with a single demyelinating 
event associated with at least two compatible brain MRI lesions. A reduction of the risk of 
experiencing a second event was noted in the AVONEX treatment group. An effect on MRI 
parameters was also seen. The estimated risk of a second event was 50% in three years and 39% in 
two years in the placebo group and 35% (three years) and 21% (two years) in the AVONEX group. In 
a post-hoc analysis, those patients with a baseline MRI with at least one Gd-enhancing lesion and nine 



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T2 lesions had a two-year risk of suffering a second event of 56% in the placebo group and 21% in 
the AVONEX treatment group. However, the impact of early treatment with AVONEX is unknown 
even in this high-risk subgroup as the study was mainly designed to assess the time to the second 
event rather than the long-term evolution of the disease. Furthermore, for the time-being there is no 
well established definition of a high risk patient although a more conservative approach is to accept at 
least nine T2 hyperintense lesions on the initial scan and at least one new T2 or one new 
Gd-enhancing lesion on a follow-up scan taken at least three months after the initial scan. In any case, 
treatment should only be considered for patients classified at high risk. 
 
Paediatric population 
 
Limited data of the efficacy/safety of AVONEX 15 micrograms IM once per week (n=8) as compared 
to no treatment (n=8) with follow up for 4 years showed results in line to those seen in adults, 
although the EDSS scores increased in the treated group over the 4 year follow-up thus indicating 
disease progression. No direct comparison with the dose currently recommended in adults is available. 
 
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties 
 
The pharmacokinetic profile of AVONEX has been investigated indirectly with an assay that 
measures interferon antiviral activity. This assay is limited in that it is sensitive for interferon but 
lacks specificity for interferon beta. Alternative assay techniques are not sufficiently sensitive. 
 
Following intramuscular administration of AVONEX, serum antiviral activity levels peak between 5 
and 15 hours post-dose and decline with a half-life of approximately 10 hours. With appropriate 
adjustment for the rate of absorption from the injection site, the calculated bioavailability is 
approximately 40%. The calculated bioavailability is greater without such adjustments. Subcutaneous 
administration cannot be substituted for intramuscular administration. 
 
5.3 Preclinical safety data 
 
Carcinogenesis: No carcinogenicity data for interferon beta-1a are available in animals or humans. 
 
Chronic Toxicity: In a 26-week repeated dose toxicity study in rhesus monkeys by intramuscular route 
once per week, administered in combination with another immunomodulating agent, an anti CD40 
ligand monoclonal antibody, no immune response toward interferon beta-1a and no signs of toxicity 
were demonstrated. 
 
Local Tolerance: Intramuscular irritation has not been evaluated in animals following repeated 
administration to the same injection site. 
 
Mutagenesis: Limited but relevant mutagenesis tests have been carried out. The results have been 
negative. 
 
Impairment of Fertility: Fertility and developmental studies in rhesus monkeys have been carried out 
with a related form of interferon beta-1a. At very high doses, anovulatory and abortifacient effects in 
test animals were observed. Similar reproductive dose-related effects have also been observed with 
other forms of alpha and beta interferons. No teratogenic effects or effects on foetal development have 
been observed, but the available information on the effects of interferon beta-1a in the peri- and 
postnatal periods is limited. 
 
No information is available on the effects of interferon beta-1a on male fertility. 
 
 



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6. PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS 
 
6.1 List of excipients 
 
Sodium acetate trihydrate 
Acetic acid, glacial 
Arginine hydrochloride 
Polysorbate 20 
Water for injections 
 
6.2 Incompatibilities 
 
Not applicable. 
 
6.3 Shelf life 
 
3 years. 
 
6.4 Special precautions for storage 
 
Store in a refrigerator (2°C - 8°C).  
 
DO NOT FREEZE. 
 
AVONEX can be stored at room temperature (between 15°C and 30°C) for up to one week. 
 
Store in the original package (sealed plastic tray) in order to protect from light (see section 6.5). 
 
6.5 Nature and contents of container 
 
1 ml pre-filled syringe made of glass (Type I) with a tamper evident cap and plunger stopper 
(bromobutyl) containing 0.5 ml of solution. 
 
Pack size: box of four or twelve pre-filled syringes of 0.5 ml. Each syringe is packed in a sealed 
plastic tray, which also contains one injection needle for intramuscular use. 
 
Not all pack sizes may be marketed. 
 
6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling 
 
AVONEX is provided as ready to use solution for injection in a pre-filled syringe. 
 
Once removed from the refrigerator, AVONEX in a pre-filled syringe should be allowed to warm to 
room temperature (15°C - 30°C) for about 30 minutes. 
 
Do not use external heat sources such as hot water to warm AVONEX 30 micrograms solution for 
injection. 
 
If the solution for injection contains particulate matter or if it is any colour other than clear colourless, 
the pre-filled syringe must not be used. The injection needle for intramuscular injection is provided. 
The formulation does not contain a preservative. Each pre-filled syringe of AVONEX contains a 
single dose only. Discard the unused portion of any pre-filled syringe. 
 
Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local 
requirements. 
 



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7. MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER 
 
Biogen Netherlands B.V. 
Prins Mauritslaan 13 
1171 LP Badhoevedorp 
The Netherlands 
 
 
8. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBERS 
 
EU/1/97/033/003 
EU/1/97/033/004 
 
 
9. DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION 
 
Date of first authorisation: 13 March 1997 
Date of latest renewal: 13 March 2007 
 
 
10. DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT 
 
 
Detailed information on this medicinal product is available on the website of the European Medicines 
Agency  http://www.ema.europa.eu. 
 



14 

1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT 
 
AVONEX 30 micrograms/0.5ml solution for injection in pre-filled pen. 
 
 
2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION 
 
Each single-use pre-filled pen contains 30 micrograms (6 million IU) of interferon beta-1a in 0.5ml of 
solution. 
 
The concentration is 30 micrograms per 0.5 ml. 
 
Using the World Health Organisation (WHO) International Standard for Interferon, 30 micrograms of 
AVONEX contain 6 million IU of antiviral activity. The activity against other standards is not known. 
 
Excipient(s) with known effect 
For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1. 
 
 
3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM 
 
Solution for injection in pre-filled pen. 
 
Clear and colourless solution. 
 
 
4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 
 
4.1 Therapeutic indications 
 
AVONEX is indicated for the treatment of  
 
• Patients diagnosed with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). In clinical trials, this was 

characterised by two or more acute exacerbations (relapses) in the previous three-years without 
evidence of continuous progression between relapses; AVONEX slows the progression of 
disability and decreases the frequency of relapses. 

 
• Patients with a single demyelinating event with an active inflammatory process, if it is severe 

enough to warrant treatment with intravenous corticosteroids, if alternative diagnoses have been 
excluded, and if they are determined to be at high risk of developing clinically definite multiple 
sclerosis (see section 5.1). 

 
AVONEX should be discontinued in patients who develop progressive MS. 
 
4.2 Posology and method of administration 
 
Treatment should be initiated under supervision of a physician experienced in the treatment of the 
disease. 
 
Posology 
 
Adults: The recommended dosage for the treatment of relapsing MS is 30 micrograms (0.5 ml 
solution), administered by intramuscular (IM) injection once a week (see section 6.6).  No additional 
benefit has been shown by administering a higher dose (60 micrograms) once a week. 
 



15 

Titration: To help patients reduce the incidence and severity of flu-like symptoms (see section 4.8), 
titration can be performed at the initiation of treatment. Titration using the pre-filled syringe can be 
achieved by initiating therapy on ¼ dose increments per week reaching the full dose (30 
micrograms/week) by the fourth week.  
 
An alternative titration schedule can be achieved by initiating therapy on approximately a ½ dose of 
AVONEX once a week before increasing to the full dose. In order to obtain adequate efficacy, a dose 
of 30 micrograms  once a week should be reached and maintained after the initial titration period.  
Once a full dose is achieved patients may begin using AVONEX PEN.   
 
Prior to injection and for an additional 24 hours after each injection, an antipyretic analgesic is 
advised to decrease flu-like symptoms associated with AVONEX administration. These symptoms are 
usually present during the first few months of treatment. 
 
Paediatric population: The safety and efficacy of AVONEX in adolescents aged 12 to 16 years have 
not yet been established. Currently available data are described in section 4.8 and 5.1 but no 
recommendation on a posology can be made. 
 
The safety and efficacy of AVONEX in children below 12 years of age have not yet been established. 
No data are available. 
 
Elderly: Clinical studies did not include a sufficient number of patients aged 65 and over to determine 
whether they respond differently than younger patients. However, based on the mode of clearance of 
the active substance there are no theoretical reasons for any requirement for dose adjustments in the 
elderly. 
 
Method of administration 
 
At the present time, it is not known for how long patients should be treated. Patients should be 
clinically evaluated after two years of treatment and longer-term treatment should be decided on an 
individual basis by the treating physician. Treatment should be discontinued if the patient develops 
chronic progressive MS. 
 
AVONEX PEN is a pre-filled pen, intended for single use, and should only be used following 
adequate training. 
 
The recommended intramuscular injection site using the AVONEX PEN is the upper, outer thigh 
muscle. The injection site should be varied each week. 
 
For administration of AVONEX via the AVONEX PEN, the instructions in the package leaflet should 
be followed. 
 
4.3 Contraindications 
 
- Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to natural or recombinant interferon beta or to any 

excipients listed in section 6.1. 
- Patients with current severe depression and/or suicidal ideation (see sections 4.4 and 4.8). 
 
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use 
 
Traceability 
 
In order to improve the traceability of biological medicinal products, the name and the batch number 
of the administered product should be clearly recorded. 
 



16 

AVONEX should be administered with caution to patients with previous or current depressive 
disorders, in particular to those with antecedents of suicidal ideation (see section 4.3). Depression and 
suicidal ideation are known to occur in increased frequency in the multiple sclerosis population and in 
association with interferon use. Patients should be advised to immediately report any symptoms of 
depression and/or suicidal ideation to their prescribing physician. 
 
Patients exhibiting depression should be monitored closely during therapy and treated appropriately. 
Cessation of therapy with AVONEX should be considered (see also sections 4.3 and 4.8). 
 
AVONEX should be administered with caution to patients with a history of seizures, to those 
receiving treatment with anti-epileptics, particularly if their epilepsy is not adequately controlled with 
anti-epileptics (see sections 4.5 and 4.8).  
 
Caution should be used and close monitoring considered when administering AVONEX to patients 
with severe renal and hepatic failure and to patients with severe myelosuppression. 
 
Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA): Cases of thrombotic microangiopathy, manifested as 
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) or haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), including fatal 
cases, have been reported with interferon beta products. Events were reported at various time points 
during treatment and may occur several weeks to several years after starting treatment with interferon 
beta. Early clinical features include thrombocytopenia, new onset hypertension, fever, central nervous 
system symptoms (e.g. confusion, paresis) and impaired renal function. Laboratory findings 
suggestive of TMA include decreased platelet counts, increased serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 
due to haemolysis and schistocytes (erythrocyte fragmentation) on a blood film. Therefore if clinical 
features of TMA are observed, further testing of blood platelet levels, serum LDH, blood films and 
renal function is recommended. If TMA is diagnosed, prompt treatment is required (considering 
plasma exchange) and immediate discontinuation of AVONEX is recommended.  
 
Nephrotic Syndrome: Cases of nephrotic syndrome with different underlying nephropathies including 
collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), minimal change disease (MCD), 
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and membranous glomerulopathy (MGN) have 
been reported during treatment with interferon-beta products. Events were reported at various time 
points during treatment and may occur after several years of treatment with interferon beta. Periodic 
monitoring of early signs or symptoms, e.g. oedema, proteinuria and impaired renal function is 
recommended, especially in patients at higher risk of renal disease. Prompt treatment of nephrotic 
syndrome is required and discontinuation of treatment with AVONEX should be considered. 
 
Hepatic injury including elevated serum hepatic enzyme levels, hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis and 
hepatic failure has been reported with interferon beta in post-marketing (see section 4.8). In some 
cases, these reactions have occurred in the presence of other medicinal products that have been 
associated with hepatic injury. The potential of additive effects from multiple medicinal products or 
other hepatotoxic agents (e.g. alcohol) has not been determined. Patients should be monitored for 
signs of hepatic injury and caution exercised when interferons are used concomitantly with other 
medicinal products associated with hepatic injury. 
 
Patients with cardiac disease, such as angina, congestive heart failure or arrhythmia, should be closely 
monitored for worsening of their clinical condition during treatment with AVONEX. Flu-like 
symptoms associated with AVONEX therapy may prove stressful to patients with underlying cardiac 
conditions. 
 
Laboratory abnormalities are associated with the use of interferons. Therefore, in addition to those 
laboratory tests normally required for monitoring patients with MS, complete and differential white 
blood cell counts, platelet counts, and blood chemistry, including liver function tests, are 
recommended during AVONEX therapy. Patients with myelosuppression may require more intensive 
monitoring of complete blood cell counts, with differential and platelet counts. 
 



17 

Patients may develop antibodies to AVONEX. The antibodies of some of those patients reduce the 
activity of interferon beta-1a in vitro (neutralising antibodies). Neutralising antibodies are associated 
with a reduction in the in vivo biological effects of AVONEX and may potentially be associated with 
a reduction of clinical efficacy. It is estimated that the plateau for the incidence of neutralising 
antibody formation is reached after 12 months of treatment. Recent clinical studies with patients 
treated up to three years with AVONEX suggest that approximately 5% to 8% develop neutralising 
antibodies. 
 
The use of various assays to detect serum antibodies to interferons limits the ability to compare 
antigenicity among different products. 
 
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction 
 
No formal interaction studies have been performed in humans. 
 
The interaction of AVONEX with corticosteroids or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) has not 
been studied systematically. The clinical studies indicate that MS patients can receive AVONEX and 
corticosteroids or ACTH during relapses. 
 
Interferons have been reported to reduce the activity of hepatic cytochrome P450-dependent enzymes 
in humans and animals. The effect of high-dose AVONEX administration on P450-dependent 
metabolism in monkeys was evaluated and no changes in liver metabolising capabilities were 
observed. Caution should be exercised when AVONEX is administered in combination with 
medicinal products that have a narrow therapeutic index and are largely dependent on the hepatic 
cytochrome P450 system for clearance, e.g. some classes of antiepileptics and antidepressants. 
 
4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation 
 
Pregnancy 
 
A large amount of data (more than 1000 pregnancy outcomes) from registries and post-marketing 
experience indicates no increased risk of major congenital anomalies after pre-conception exposure to 
interferon beta or such exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy. However, the duration of 
exposure during the first trimester is uncertain, because data were collected when interferon beta use 
was contraindicated during pregnancy, and treatment likely interrupted when pregnancy was detected 
and/or confirmed. Experience with exposure during the second and third trimester is very limited.  
 
Based on animal data (see section 5.3), there is a possibly increased risk for spontaneous abortion.  
The risk of spontaneous abortions in pregnant women exposed to interferon beta cannot adequately be 
evaluated based on the currently available data, but the data do not suggest an increased risk so far. 
 
If clinically needed, the use of Avonex may be considered during pregnancy. 
 
Breast-feeding  
 
Limited information available on the transfer of interferon beta-1a into breast milk, together with the 
chemical / physiological characteristics of interferon beta, suggests that levels of interferon beta-1a 
excreted in human milk are negligible. No harmful effects on the breastfed newborn/infant are 
anticipated.  
 
Avonex can be used during breast-feeding.  
 
 
Fertility 
 



18 

Fertility and developmental studies in rhesus monkeys have been carried out with a related form of 
interferon beta-1a. At very high doses, anovulatory and abortifacient effects in test animals were 
observed (see section 5.3).  
No information is available on the effects of interferon beta-1a on male fertility. 
 
 
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines 
 
No studies on the effects of AVONEX on the ability to drive and use machines have been performed. 
Central nervous system-related adverse reactions may have a minor influence on the ability to drive 
and use machines in susceptible patients (see section 4.8). 
 
4.8 Undesirable effects 
 
The highest incidence of adverse reactions associated with AVONEX therapy is related to flu-like 
symptoms. The most commonly reported flu-like symptoms are myalgia, fever, chills, sweating, 
asthenia, headache and nausea. Titrating AVONEX at the initiation of therapy has demonstrated a 
reduction in the severity and incidence of flu-like symptoms. Flu-like symptoms tend to be most 
prominent at the initiation of therapy and decrease in frequency with continued treatment. 
 
Transient neurological symptoms that may mimic MS exacerbations may occur following injections. 
Transient episodes of hypertonia and/or severe muscular weakness that prevent voluntary movements 
may occur at any time during treatment. These episodes are of limited duration, temporally related to 
the injections and may recur after subsequent injections. In some cases these symptoms are associated 
with flu-like symptoms. 
 
The frequencies of adverse reactions are expressed in patient-years, according to the following 
categories: 
 
Very common (≥1/10 patient-years); 
Common (≥1/100 to <1/10 patient-years); 
Uncommon (≥1/1, 000 to <1/100 patient-years); 
Rare (≥1/10, 000 to <1/1,000 patient-years); 
Very rare (<1/10,000 patient-years); 
Not known (cannot be estimated from the available data). 
 
Patient-time is the sum of individual units of time that the patient in the study has been exposed to 
AVONEX before experiencing the adverse reaction. For example, 100 person-years could be 
observed in 100 patients who were on treatment for one year or in 200 patients who were on treatment 
for half a year. 
 
Adverse reactions identified from studies (clinical trials and observational studies, with a period of 
follow-up ranging from two years to six years) and other adverse reactions identified through 
spontaneous reporting from the market, with unknown frequency, are provided in the table below. 
 
Within each frequency grouping, undesirable effects are presented in order of decreasing seriousness. 
 



19 

Investigations 
 
common 
 
 
 
 
uncommon 
 
not known 

 
 
lymphocyte count decreased, white blood cell 
count decreased, neutrophil count decreased, 
hematocrit decreased, blood potassium 
increased, blood urea nitrogen increased 
 
platelet count decreased 
 
weight decreased, weight increased, 
liver function tests abnormal 
 

Cardiac disorders 
 
not known 
 

 
 
cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure (see 
section 4.4), palpitations, arrhythmia, 
tachycardia  
 

Blood and lymphatic system disorders 
 
not known 
 
rare 
 

 
 
pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia 
 
thrombotic microangiopathy including 
thrombotic thrombocytopenic 
purpura/haemolytic uraemic syndrome* 
  

Nervous system disorders 
 
very common 
 
common 
 
not known 

 
 
headache2 
 
muscle spasticity, hypoesthesia 
 
neurological symptoms, syncope3, 
hypertonia, dizziness, paraesthesia, 
seizures, migraine 
 

Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal 
disorders 
 
common 
 
rare 
 
not known 
 

 
 
 
rhinorrhoea 
 
dyspnoea 
 
pulmonary arterial hypertension┼ 

Gastrointestinal disorders 
 
common 
 

 
 
vomiting, diarrhoea, nausea2 



20 

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders 
 
common 
 
uncommon 
 
not known 

 
 
rash, sweating increased, contusion 
 
alopecia 
 
angioneurotic oedema, pruritus, rash 
vesicular, urticaria, aggravation of psoriasis 
 

Musculoskeletal and connective tissue 
disorders 
 
common 
 
 
 
not known 

 
 
 
muscle cramp, neck pain, myalgia2, arthralgia, 
pain in extremity, back pain, 
muscle stiffness, musculoskeletal stiffness 
 
systemic lupus erythematosus, muscle 
weakness, arthritis 
 

Renal and urinary disorders 
 
rare 
 

 
 
nephrotic syndrome, glomerulosclerosis  (see 
section 4.4 ‘special warnings and 
precautions’) 

Endocrine disorders 
 
not known 
 

 
 
hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism 

Metabolism and nutrition disorders 
 
common 
 

 
 
anorexia 

Infections and infestations 
 
not known 
 

 
 
injection site abscess1 

Vascular disorders 
 
common 
 
not known 
 

 
 
flushing 
 
vasodilatation 
 



21 

General disorders and administration site 
conditions 
 
very common 
 
 
common 
 
 
uncommon 
 
not known 
 

 
 
 
flu-like symptoms, pyrexia2, chills2, sweating2 
 
injection site pain, injection site erythema, 
injection site bruising, asthenia2, pain, 
fatigue2, malaise, night sweats 
 
injection site burning  
 
injection site reaction, injection site 
inflammation, injection site cellulitis1, 
injection site necrosis, injection site bleeding, 
chest pain 
 

Immune system disorders 
 
not known 
 

 
 
anaphylactic reaction, anaphylactic shock, 
hypersensitivity reactions (angioedema, 
dyspnoea, urticaria, rash, pruritic rash) 
 

Hepatobiliary disorders 
 
not known 
 

 
 
hepatic failure (see section 4.4), hepatitis, 
autoimmune hepatitis 
 

Reproductive system and breast disorders 
 
uncommon 
 

 
 
metrorrhagia, menorrhagia 
 

Psychiatric disorders 
 
common 
 
not known 

 
 
depression (see section 4.4), insomnia  
 
suicide, psychosis, anxiety, confusion, 
emotional lability 
 

*Class label for interferon beta products (see section 4.4). 
┼ Class label for interferon products, see below Pulmonary arterial hypertension. 
 
1Injection site reactions including pain, inflammation and very rare cases of abscess or cellulitis that 
may require surgical intervention have been reported. 
 
2The frequency of occurrence is higher at the beginning of treatment. 
 
3A syncope episode may occur after AVONEX injection, it is normally a single episode that usually 
appears at the beginning of the treatment and does not recur with subsequent injections. 
 
Pulmonary arterial hypertension 
 
Cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have been reported with interferon beta products. 
Events were reported at various time points including up to several years after starting treatment with 
interferon beta. 
 



22 

Paediatric population 
 
Limited published data suggest that the safety profile in adolescents from 12 to 16 years of age 
receiving AVONEX 30 micrograms IM once per week is similar to that seen in adults. 
 
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions 
 
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It 
allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare 
professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the national reporting system 
listed in Appendix V. 
 
4.9 Overdose 
 
No case of overdose has been reported. However, in case of overdose, patients should be hospitalised 
for observation and appropriate supportive treatment given. 
 
 
5. PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES 
 
5.1  Pharmacodynamic properties 
 
Pharmacotherapeutic Group: Interferons, ATC code: L03 AB07. 
 
Interferons are a family of naturally occurring proteins that are produced by eukaryotic cells in 
response to viral infection and other biological inducers. Interferons are cytokines that mediate 
antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory activities. Three major forms of interferons have 
been distinguished: alpha, beta, and gamma. Interferons alpha and beta are classified as Type I 
interferons, and interferon gamma is a Type II interferon. These interferons have overlapping but 
clearly distinguishable biological activities. They can also differ with respect to their cellular sites of 
synthesis. 
 
Interferon beta is produced by various cell types including fibroblasts and macrophages. Natural 
interferon beta and AVONEX (interferon beta-1a) are glycosylated and have a single N-linked 
complex carbohydrate moiety. Glycosylation of other proteins is known to affect their stability, 
activity, biodistribution, and half-life in blood. However, the effects of interferon beta that are 
dependent on glycosylation are not fully defined. 
 
Mechanism of action 
 
AVONEX exerts its biological effects by binding to specific receptors on the surface of human cells. 
This binding initiates a complex cascade of intracellular events that leads to the expression of 
numerous interferon-induced gene products and markers. These include MHC Class I, Mx protein, 
2’ / 5’-oligoadenylate synthetase, β2-microglobulin, and neopterin. Some of these products have been 
measured in the serum and cellular fractions of blood collected from patients treated with AVONEX. 
After a single intramuscular dose of AVONEX, serum levels of these products remain elevated for at 
least four days and up to one week. 
 
Whether the mechanism of action of AVONEX in MS is mediated by the same pathway as the 
biological effects described above is not known because the pathophysiology of MS is not well 
established. 
 
Clinical efficacy and safety 
 
The effects of lyophilised AVONEX in the treatment of MS were demonstrated in a 
placebo-controlled study of 301 patients (AVONEX n=158, placebo n=143) with relapsing MS 

http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Template_or_form/2013/03/WC500139752.doc
http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Template_or_form/2013/03/WC500139752.doc


23 

characterised by at least 2 exacerbations in the previous 3 years or at least one exacerbation per year 
prior to entry when the duration of the disease was less than 3 years. Patients with an EDSS of 1.0 to 
3.5 at entry were included in the clinical trial. Due to the design of the study, patients were followed 
for variable lengths of time. 150 AVONEX-treated patients completed one year on study and 85 
completed two years on study. In the study, the cumulative percentage of patients who developed 
disability progression (by Kaplan-Meier life table analysis) by the end of two years was 35% for 
placebo-treated patients and 22% for AVONEX-treated patients. Disability progression was measured 
as an increase in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) of 1.0 point, sustained for at least six 
months. It was also shown that there was a one-third reduction in annual relapse rate. This latter 
clinical effect was observed after more than one year of treatment. 
 
A double-blind randomised dose comparison study of 802 relapsing MS patients (AVONEX 
30 micrograms n=402, AVONEX 60 micrograms n=400) has shown no statistically significant 
differences or trends between the 30 micrograms and the 60 micrograms doses of AVONEX in 
clinical and general MRI parameters. 
 
The effects of AVONEX in the treatment of MS were also demonstrated in a randomised double-blind 
study performed with 383 patients (AVONEX n=193, placebo n=190) with a single demyelinating 
event associated with at least two compatible brain MRI lesions. A reduction of the risk of 
experiencing a second event was noted in the AVONEX treatment group. An effect on MRI 
parameters was also seen. The estimated risk of a second event was 50% in three years and 39% in 
two years in the placebo group and 35% (three years) and 21% (two years) in the AVONEX group. In 
a post-hoc analysis, those patients with a baseline MRI with at least one Gd-enhancing lesion and nine 
T2 lesions had a two-year risk of suffering a second event of 56% in the placebo group and 21% in 
the AVONEX treatment group. However, the impact of early treatment with AVONEX is unknown 
even in this high-risk subgroup as the study was mainly designed to assess the time to the second 
event rather than the long-term evolution of the disease. Furthermore, for the time-being there is no 
well established definition of a high risk patient although a more conservative approach is to accept at 
least nine T2 hyperintense lesions on the initial scan and at least one new T2 or one new 
Gd-enhancing lesion on a follow-up scan taken at least three months after the initial scan. In any case, 
treatment should only be considered for patients classified at high risk. 
 
Paediatric population 
 
Limited data of the efficacy/safety of AVONEX 15 micrograms IM once per week (n=8) as compared 
to no treatment (n=8) with follow up for 4 years showed results in line to those seen in adults, 
although the EDSS scores increased in the treated group over the 4 year follow-up thus indicating 
disease progression. No direct comparison with the dose currently recommended in adults is available. 
 
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties 
 
The pharmacokinetic profile of AVONEX has been investigated indirectly with an assay that 
measures interferon antiviral activity. This assay is limited in that it is sensitive for interferon but 
lacks specificity for interferon beta. Alternative assay techniques are not sufficiently sensitive. 
 
Following intramuscular administration of AVONEX, serum antiviral activity levels peak between 5 
and 15 hours post-dose and decline with a half-life of approximately 10 hours. With appropriate 
adjustment for the rate of absorption from the injection site, the calculated bioavailability is 
approximately 40%. The calculated bioavailability is greater without such adjustments. Subcutaneous 
administration cannot be substituted for intramuscular administration. 
 
5.3 Preclinical safety data 
 
Carcinogenesis: No carcinogenicity data for interferon beta-1a are available in animals or humans. 
 



24 

Chronic Toxicity: In a 26-week repeated dose toxicity study in rhesus monkeys by intramuscular route 
once per week, administered in combination with another immunomodulating agent, an anti CD40 
ligand monoclonal antibody, no immune response toward interferon beta-1a and no signs of toxicity 
were demonstrated. 
 
Local Tolerance: Intramuscular irritation has not been evaluated in animals following repeated 
administration to the same injection site. 
 
Mutagenesis: Limited but relevant mutagenesis tests have been carried out. The results have been 
negative. 
 
Impairment of Fertility: Fertility and developmental studies in rhesus monkeys have been carried out 
with a related form of interferon beta-1a. At very high doses, anovulatory and abortifacient effects in 
test animals were observed. Similar reproductive dose-related effects have also been observed with 
other forms of alpha and beta interferons. No teratogenic effects or effects on foetal development have 
been observed, but the available information on the effects of interferon beta-1a in the peri- and 
postnatal periods is limited. 
 
No information is available on the effects of interferon beta-1a on male fertility. 
 
 
6. PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS 
 
6.1 List of excipients 
 
Sodium acetate trihydrate 
Acetic acid, glacial 
Arginine hydrochloride 
Polysorbate 20 
Water for injections 
 
6.2 Incompatibilities 
 
Not applicable. 
 
6.3 Shelf life 
 
3 years. 
 
6.4 Special precautions for storage 
 
Store in a refrigerator (2°C - 8°C).  
 
DO NOT FREEZE. 
 
The AVONEX PEN contains a pre-filled syringe of AVONEX and must be stored in the refrigerator. 
 
Should refrigeration be unavailable, AVONEX PEN can be stored at room temperature (between 
15°C and 30°C) for up to one week. 
 
Store the AVONEX PEN in the inner carton in order to protect from light (see section 6.5). 
 
6.5 Nature and contents of container 
 



25 

A pre-filled syringe of AVONEX is contained within a single-use, disposable, spring-powered pen 
injector called AVONEX PEN. The syringe inside the pen is a 1 ml pre-filled syringe made of glass 
(Type I) with a tamper evident cap and plunger stopper (bromobutyl) containing 0.5 ml of solution.  
 
 
Pack size: Each single-use AVONEX PEN is packed in an individual carton, with one injection 
needle and a pen cover. AVONEX PEN is available in pack sizes of four or twelve. 
 
Not all pack sizes may be marketed. 
 
6.6 Special precautions for disposal and other handling 
 
For single-use only: The solution for injection in a pre-filled syringe is contained within the 
AVONEX PEN. 
 
Once removed from the refrigerator, the AVONEX PEN should be allowed to warm to room 
temperature (15°C to 30°C) for about 30 minutes. 
 
Do not use external heat sources such as hot water to warm AVONEX 30 micrograms solution for 
injection. 
 
Each single-use, disposable, pre-filled pen contains a single dose of AVONEX. The solution for 
injection can be observed through an oval medication display window on the AVONEX PEN. If the 
solution for injection contains particulate matter or if it is any colour other than clear colourless, the 
pre-filled pen must not be used. The injection needle is provided. The formulation does not contain a 
preservative.  
 
Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local 
requirements. 
 
 
7. MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER 
 
Biogen Netherlands B.V. 
Prins Mauritslaan 13 
1171 LP Badhoevedorp 
The Netherlands 
 
 
8. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBERS 
 
EU/1/97/033/005 
EU/1/97/033/006 
 
 
9. DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION 
 
Date of first authorisation: 13 March 1997 
Date of latest renewal: 13 March 2007 
 
 
10. DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT 
 
 
Detailed information on this medicinal product is available on the website of the European Medicines 
Agency http://www.ema.europa.eu. 



26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

ANNEX II 
 

A. MANUFACTURER OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVE SUBSTANCE AND 
MANUFACTURER RESPONSIBLE FOR BATCH RELEASE 

 
B. CONDITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS REGARDING SUPPLY AND USE  

 
C. OTHER CONDITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS OF THE 

MARKETING AUTHORISATION 
 
D. CONDITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS WITH REGARD TO 

THE SAFE AND EFFECTIVE USE OF THE MEDICINAL 
PRODUCT 

 



27 

A. MANUFACTURER OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVE SUBSTANCE AND 
MANUFACTURER RESPONSIBLE FOR BATCH RELEASE 

 
Name and address of the manufacturers of the biological active substance 
 
Biogen Inc., 250 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. 
 
Biogen Inc., 5000 Davis Drive, POB 14627, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA. 
 
Name and address of the manufacturers responsible for batch release 
 
Biogen (Denmark) Manufacturing ApS, Biogen Allé 1, DK-3400 Hillerød, Denmark. 
 
The printed package leaflet of the medicinal product must state the name and address of the 
manufacturer responsible for the release of the concerned batch. 
 
 
B. CONDITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS REGARDING SUPPLY AND USE  
 
Medicinal product subject to restricted medical prescription (see Annex I: Summary of Product 
Characteristics, section 4.2). 
 
 
C. OTHER CONDITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS OF THE MARKETING 

AUTHORISATION  
 
The requirements for submission of periodic safety update reports for this medicinal product are set 
out in the list of Union reference dates (EURD list) provided for under Article 107c(7) of Directive 
2001/83/EC and any subsequent updates published on the European medicines web-portal. 
 
D. CONDITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS WITH REGARD TO THE SAFE AND 

EFFECTIVE USE OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT 
 
Not applicable. 



28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

ANNEX III 
 

LABELLING AND PACKAGE LEAFLET 



29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

A. LABELLING 



30 

 
PARTICULARS TO APPEAR ON THE OUTER PACKAGING  
 

 
 
1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT 
 
AVONEX 30 micrograms/0.5 ml solution for injection 
 
Interferon beta-1a  
 
 
2. STATEMENT OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCE (S) 
 
Each pre-filled syringe of 0.5 ml contains 30 micrograms (6 million IU) of interferon beta-1a. 
 
 
3. LIST OF EXCIPIENTS 
 
Sodium acetate trihydrate, acetic acid glacial, arginine hydrochloride, polysorbate 20, water for 
injections. 
 
 
4. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM AND CONTENTS 
 
Solution for injection. 
 
Box of four pre-filled syringes of 0.5 ml of solution. 
Box of twelve pre-filled syringes of 0.5 ml of solution. 
 
Each syringe is packed in a sealed plastic tray which also contains one injection needle for 
intramuscular use. 
 
 
5. METHOD AND ROUTE (S) OF ADMINISTRATION 
 
Intramuscular use.  
 
Read the package leaflet before use. 
 



31 

 
6. SPECIAL WARNING THAT THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT MUST BE STORED OUT 

OF THE SIGHT AND REACH OF CHILDREN 
 
Keep out of the sight and reach of children. 
 
 
7. OTHER SPECIAL WARNING (S), IF NECESSARY 
 
 
8. EXPIRY DATE 
 
EXP 
 
 
9. SPECIAL STORAGE CONDITIONS 
 
Store in a refrigerator.  
 
Avonex can be stored at room temperature (between 15°C - 30°C) for up to one week. 
 
DO NOT FREEZE. 
 
Store in the original package (sealed plastic tray) in order to protect from light. 
 
 
10. SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS FOR DISPOSAL OF UNUSED MEDICINAL PRODUCTS   

OR WASTE MATERIALS DERIVED FROM SUCH MEDICINAL PRODUCTS, IF 
APPROPRIATE 

 
 
11. NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER 
 
Biogen Netherlands B.V. 
Prins Mauritslaan 13 
1171 LP Badhoevedorp 
The Netherlands 
 
 
12. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER (S) 
 
EU/1/97/033/003 4 pack 
EU/1/97/033/004 12 pack 
 



32 

 
13. BATCH NUMBER 
 
Lot 
 
 
14. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION FOR SUPPLY 
 
Medicinal product subject to medical prescription. 
 
 
15. INSTRUCTIONS ON USE 
 
 
16. INFORMATION IN BRAILLE 
 
avonex 
 
 
17. UNIQUE IDENTIFIER – 2D BARCODE 
 
2D barcode carrying the unique identifier included. 
 
 
18. UNIQUE IDENTIFIER - HUMAN READABLE DATA 
 
PC: 
SN: 
NN: 



33 

 
MINIMUM PARTICULARS TO APPEAR ON BLISTERS OR STRIPS 
 
 
1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT 
 
AVONEX 30 micrograms/0.5 ml solution for injection 
 
Interferon beta-1a 
 
 
2. NAME OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER 
 
Biogen Netherlands B.V. 
 
 
3. EXPIRY DATE 
 
EXP  
 
 
4. BATCH NUMBER 
 
Lot 
 
 
5. OTHER 
 
Intramuscular use. 
 
Read the package leaflet before use. 
 
Store in a refrigerator.  
 
Avonex can be stored at room temperature (between 15°C - 30°C) for up to one week. 
 
DO NOT FREEZE. 
 
Store in the original package (sealed plastic tray) in order to protect from light. 



34 

 
MINIMUM PARTICULARS TO APPEAR ON SMALL IMMEDIATE PACKAGING UNITS  
 
 
1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT AND ROUTE (S) OF ADMINISTRATION 
 
AVONEX 30 micrograms/0.5 ml solution for injection 
 
Interferon beta-1a 
 
IM  
 
 
2. METHOD OF ADMINISTRATION 
 
See package leaflet. 
 
 
3. EXPIRY DATE 
 
EXP  
 
 
4. BATCH NUMBER 
 
Lot 
 
 
5. CONTENTS BY WEIGHT, BY VOLUME OR BY UNIT 
 
0.5 ml 
 
 
6. OTHER 



35 

 
PARTICULARS TO APPEAR ON THE OUTER PACKAGING  
 
OUTER CARTON 
 
 
 
 
 
1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT 
 
AVONEX 30 micrograms/0.5ml solution for injection in pre-filled pen 
 
Interferon beta-1a  
 
 
2. STATEMENT OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCE (S) 
 
Each pre-filled pen of 0.5 ml contains 30 micrograms (6 million IU) of interferon beta-1a. 
 
 
3. LIST OF EXCIPIENTS 
 
Sodium acetate trihydrate, acetic acid glacial, arginine hydrochloride, polysorbate 20, water for 
injections. 
 
 
4. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM AND CONTENTS 
 
Solution for injection in pre-filled pen  
 
4 pre-filled pens. Each single pack contains 1 Avonex pen, injection needle and pen cover. 
 
12 pre-filled pens. Each single pack contains 1 Avonex pen, injection needle and pen cover. 
 
 
5. METHOD AND ROUTE (S) OF ADMINISTRATION 
 
Intramuscular use.  
 
Read the package leaflet before use. 
 
For single use only. 
 
 
6. SPECIAL WARNING THAT THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT MUST BE STORED OUT 

OF THE SIGHT AND REACH OF CHILDREN 
 
Keep out of the sight and reach of children. 
 
 
7. OTHER SPECIAL WARNING (S), IF NECESSARY 
 
 



36 

8. EXPIRY DATE 
 
EXP 
 
 
9. SPECIAL STORAGE CONDITIONS 
 
Store in a refrigerator.  
 
Do not freeze. 
 
The Avonex pen can be stored at room temperature (between 15°C - 30°C) for up to one week.  
 
Sensitivity to light. Store the Avonex pen in the original package to protect from light. 
 
 
10. SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS FOR DISPOSAL OF UNUSED MEDICINAL PRODUCTS   

OR WASTE MATERIALS DERIVED FROM SUCH MEDICINAL PRODUCTS, IF 
APPROPRIATE 

 
 
11. NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER 
 
Biogen Netherlands B.V. 
Prins Mauritslaan 13 
1171 LP Badhoevedorp 
The Netherlands 
 
 
12. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER (S) 
 
EU/1/97/033/005 4 pack 
EU/1/97/033/006 12 pack 
 
 
13. BATCH NUMBER 
 
Lot 
 
 
14. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION FOR SUPPLY 
 
Medicinal product subject to medical prescription. 
 
 
15. INSTRUCTIONS ON USE 
 
 
16. INFORMATION IN BRAILLE 
 
avonex pen 
 
 
17. UNIQUE IDENTIFIER – 2D BARCODE 



37 

 
2D barcode carrying the unique identifier included. 
 
 
18. UNIQUE IDENTIFIER - HUMAN READABLE DATA 
 
PC: 
SN: 
NN: 



38 

 
PARTICULARS TO APPEAR ON THE OUTER PACKAGING  
 
INNER CARTON 
 
 
1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT 
 
AVONEX 30 micrograms/0.5ml solution for injection in pre-filled pen 
 
Interferon beta-1a  
 
 
2. STATEMENT OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCE (S) 
 
Each pre-filled pen of 0.5 ml contains 30 micrograms (6 million IU) of interferon beta-1a. 
 
 
3. LIST OF EXCIPIENTS 
 
Sodium acetate trihydrate, acetic acid glacial, arginine hydrochloride, polysorbate 20, water for 
injections. 
 
 
4. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM AND CONTENTS 
 
Part of a multi-pack. Not to be sold separately.  
 
Solution for injection, in pre-filled pen. 
 
Avonex pen, injection needle and pen cover. 
 
 
5. METHOD AND ROUTE (S) OF ADMINISTRATION 
 
Intramuscular use.  
 
Read the package leaflet before use. 
 
For single use only. 
 
 
6. SPECIAL WARNING THAT THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT MUST BE STORED OUT 

OF THE SIGHT AND REACH OF CHILDREN 
 
Keep out of the sight and reach of children. 
 
 
7. OTHER SPECIAL WARNING (S), IF NECESSARY 
 
 
8. EXPIRY DATE 
 
EXP 



39 

 
 
9. SPECIAL STORAGE CONDITIONS 
 
Store in a refrigerator.  
 
Do not freeze. 
 
The Avonex pen can be stored at room temperature (between 15°C - 30°C) for up to one week. 
 
Sensitivity to light. Store the Avonex pen in the original box to protect from light. 
 
 
10. SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS FOR DISPOSAL OF UNUSED MEDICINAL PRODUCTS   

OR WASTE MATERIALS DERIVED FROM SUCH MEDICINAL PRODUCTS, IF 
APPROPRIATE 

 
 
11. NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER 
 
Biogen Netherlands B.V. 
Prins Mauritslaan 13 
1171 LP Badhoevedorp 
The Netherlands 
 
 
12. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER (S) 
 
 
13. BATCH NUMBER 
 
Lot 
 
 
14. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION FOR SUPPLY 
 
Medicinal product subject to medical prescription. 
 
 
15. INSTRUCTIONS ON USE 
 
 
16. INFORMATION IN BRAILLE 
 
avonex pen 
 
 
17. UNIQUE IDENTIFIER – 2D BARCODE 
 
2D barcode carrying the unique identifier included. 
 
 
18. UNIQUE IDENTIFIER - HUMAN READABLE DATA 
 



40 

PC: 
SN: 
NN: 



41 

 
MINIMUM PARTICULARS TO APPEAR ON SMALL IMMEDIATE PACKAGING UNITS  
 
PEN LABEL 
 
 
1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT AND ROUTE (S) OF ADMINISTRATION 
 
AVONEX 30 micrograms/0.5ml solution for injection in pre-filled pen 
 
Interferon beta-1a 
 
IM  
 
 
2. METHOD OF ADMINISTRATION 
 
See package leaflet. 
 
 
3. EXPIRY DATE 
 
EXP  
 
 
4. BATCH NUMBER 
 
Lot 
 
 
5. CONTENTS BY WEIGHT, BY VOLUME OR BY UNIT 
 
0.5 ml 
 
 
6. OTHER 
 



42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

B. PACKAGE LEAFLET 
 



43 

Package leaflet: Information for the user 
 

AVONEX 30 micrograms/0.5 ml solution for Injection 
(Interferon beta-1a) 
Pre-filled syringe  

 
Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start using this medicine because it contains 
important information for you. 
Even if you have used Avonex before, some of the information may have changed. 
- Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again. 
- If you have any further questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist. 
- This medicine has been prescribed for you only. Do not pass it on to others. It may harm them, 

even if their signs of illness are the same as yours. 
- If you get any side effects talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side 

effects not listed in this leaflet. See section 4. 
 
(Notes information) 
 
This leaflet is changed from time to time. 
Please check every time you get your prescription refilled to see if the leaflet has been updated. 
 
 
What is in this leaflet 
1. What AVONEX is and what it is used for 
2. What you need to know before you use AVONEX 
3. How to use AVONEX 
4. Possible side effects 
5. How to store AVONEX 
6. Contents of the pack and other information 
7. How to inject AVONEX 
 
 
1 What AVONEX is and what it is used for 
 
What AVONEX is 
 
The active substance in Avonex is a protein called interferon beta-1a. Interferons are natural 
substances made in your body to help protect you from infections and diseases. The protein in Avonex 
is made up of exactly the same ingredients as interferon beta that is found in the human body.  
 
What AVONEX is used for 
 
Avonex is used to treat Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Treatment with Avonex can help to prevent you 
from getting worse, although it will not cure MS. 
 
Everyone has their own set of MS symptoms. These can include: 
- Feeling off-balance or light headed, walking problems, stiffness and muscle spasms, tiredness, 

numbness in the face, arms or legs 
- Acute or chronic pain, bladder and bowel problems, sexual problems and problems seeing 

things 
- Difficulty in thinking and concentrating, depression. 
MS also tends to flare up from time to time: this is called a relapse. 
 



44 

(Notes information) 
 
Avonex works best when you use it at the same time, once a week, on a regular basis. 
Do not stop your Avonex treatment without speaking to your neurologist. 
 
 
Avonex can help to reduce the number of relapses that you have and slow down the disabling 
effects of MS. Your doctor will advise you for how long you can use Avonex or when to stop. 
 
How AVONEX works 
 
Multiple sclerosis is linked to nerve (brain or spinal cord) damage. In MS, your body’s defence 
system reacts against its own myelin – the ‘insulation’ that surrounds nerve fibres. When myelin is 
damaged, the messages between the brain and other parts of the body are disrupted. This is what 
causes the symptoms of MS. Avonex seems to work by stopping your body’s defence system from 
attacking the myelin. 
 
 
2. What you need to know before you use AVONEX 
 
Do not use AVONEX 
 
- If you are allergic to interferon beta or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in 

section 6) 
- If you have severe depression or think about committing suicide. 
 
Talk to a doctor straight away if any of these apply to you. 
 
(Notes information) 
 
Avonex and allergic reactions. Because Avonex is based on a protein, there is a small chance of an 
allergic reaction. 
 
More about depression. If you have severe depression or thoughts about suicide, you must not use 
Avonex. 
If you have depression, your doctor may still prescribe Avonex for you, but it's important to let your 
doctor know if you have had depression or any similar problems affecting your moods. 
 
 
Warnings and precautions  
 
Talk to your doctor before using Avonex if you have or have had in the past: 
- Depression or problems affecting your moods 
- Thoughts about committing suicide. 
Changes to your mood, thoughts about suicide, feeling unusually sad, anxious or worthless, should be 
reported to your doctor immediately. 
- Epilepsy or other seizure disorders not controlled by medication 
- Serious kidney or liver problems 
- A low number of white blood cells or platelets, which can cause an increased risk of 

infection, bleeding or anaemia 
- Heart problems, which can cause symptoms such as chest pain (angina), particularly after any 

activity; swollen ankles, shortness of breath (congestive heart failure); or an irregular heartbeat 
(arrhythmias). 

Talk to your doctor if you have any of these conditions, or if they worsen whilst taking Avonex. 
 



45 

Blood clots in the small blood vessels may occur during your treatment. These blood clots could 
affect your kidneys. This might happen several weeks to several years after starting Avonex.  
 
Your doctor may want to check your blood pressure, blood (platelet count) and the function of your 
kidneys. 
 
Tell your doctor you are using Avonex: 
- If you are having a blood test. Avonex may interfere with the results. 

 
 
(Notes information) 
 
Sometimes you will need to remind other medical staff that you are being treated with Avonex. 
For example, if you are prescribed other medicines, or if you have a blood test, Avonex may affect the 
other medicines or the test result. 
 
 
Other medicines and AVONEX 
 
Tell your doctor if you are using, have recently used or might use any other medicines, especially 
those used to treat epilepsy or depression. Avonex may affect other medicines or be affected by them. 
This includes any other medicines including medicines obtained without a prescription. 
 
Pregnancy and breast-feeding 
 
If you are pregnant, think you may be pregnant or are planning to have a baby, ask your doctor or 
pharmacist for advice before taking this medicine.  

No harmful effects on the breastfed newborn/infant are anticipated. Avonex can be used during 
breast-feeding. 

 
Driving and using machines 
 
If you feel dizzy, do not drive. Avonex makes some people feel dizzy. If this happens to you, or if 
you get any other side effects that could affect your ability, do not drive or use machines. 
 
Important information about some of the ingredients of AVONEX 
 
This medicine is essentially ‘sodium-free’. It contains less than 23 mg (1 mmol) sodium in each 
weekly dose. 
 
 
3. How to use AVONEX 
 
The recommended dose  
 
One injection of Avonex, once a week. 
Try to use Avonex at the same time on the same day each week. 
 
Not for children 
Avonex is not to be used in children below the age of 12 years. 
 
If you have decided to start treatment with Avonex, your doctor may provide you with an Avostartclip 
titration kit. The Avostartclip attaches to the syringe and enables you to gradually increase your dose 
of Avonex when you first start treatment. This is to limit flu-like symptoms which some people 



46 

experience when they start using Avonex. Your doctor or nurse will help you use the Avostartclip 
titration kit.  
 
(Notes information) 
 
Starting Avonex 
If you are new to Avonex, your doctor may advise you to gradually increase your dose so that you can 
adjust to the effects of Avonex before taking the full dose. You will be provided with an Avostartclip 
titration kit. Avostartclips can be attached onto the syringe enabling a reduced dose of Avonex to be 
injected at the start of treatment. Each Avostartclip should be used once and then discarded along with 
any remaining Avonex. For further details on use, speak with your doctor.    
 
 
Injecting yourself 
 
You can inject Avonex yourself without the help of your doctor, if they have trained you to do this. 
The instructions on how to inject yourself are at the end of this leaflet (see section 7, How to inject 
AVONEX). 
 
If you have trouble handling the syringe, ask your doctor who may be able to help. 
 
(Notes information) 
 
There are more details on how to inject Avonex at the end of this leaflet. 
 
Alternate needle: 
Your pack of Avonex already includes a needle for injection. It may be possible for your doctor to 
prescribe you a shorter and thinner needle, depending on your body type. Talk to your doctor to see if 
this is appropriate for you. 
 
If you have problems handling the syringe, talk to your doctor about using a syringe grip. This is a 
specially designed holder to help you with injecting Avonex. 
 
 
How long to use AVONEX 
 
Your doctor will tell you how long you need to keep using Avonex. It is important to continue using 
Avonex regularly. Do not make changes unless your doctor tells you. 
 
If you inject more than you should 
 
You should only have one injection of Avonex, once a week. If you have used more than one injection 
of Avonex in a three-day period, contact your doctor or pharmacist straight away for advice. 
 
If you miss an injection 
 
If you miss your usual weekly dose, inject a dose as soon as you can. Then leave a week before 
using Avonex again. Continue injecting on this new day every week. If you have a preferred day for 
using Avonex, talk to your doctor about managing the dose, to get back to your preferred day. Do not 
use two injections to make up for a missed injection. 
 
 



47 

4. Possible side effects 
 
Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. 
 
 
(Notes information) 
 
Although the list of possible side effects can seem worrying, it’s possible that you may not have any 
of them. 
 
 
Serious side effects: get medical help 
 
Serious allergic reactions 
If you get any of these: 
- Swelling of the face, lips or tongue 
- Difficulty breathing 
- A rash. 
Call a doctor immediately. Do not use any more Avonex until you have spoken to a doctor. 
 
Depression 
If you get any symptoms of depression: 
- Feeling unusually sad, anxious or worthless. 
Call a doctor immediately. 
 
Liver problems 
If you get any of these symptoms: 
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice) 
- Itching all over 
- Feeling sick, being sick (nausea and vomiting) 
- Easy bruising of the skin. 
Call a doctor immediately as they may be signs of a possible liver problem. 
 
Side effects seen in clinical trials 
 
(Notes information) 
 
Side effects seen in clinical trials. These are the side effects that people reported when Avonex was 
being tested. The figures are based on how many people said they’d had them. It gives you an idea 
how likely you are to get similar side effects. 
 
 
Very common side effects 
(may affect more than 1 in 10 people) 
- Flu-like symptoms – headache, muscle aches, chills or a fever: see Flu-like symptoms, below 
- Headache. 
 
Common side effects 
(may affect up to 1 in 10 people) 
- Loss of appetite 
- Feeling weak and tired 
- Difficulty sleeping 
- Depression 
- Flushing 
- Runny nose 



48 

- Diarrhoea (loose stools) 
- Feeling or being sick (nausea or vomiting) 
- Numbness or tingling of skin 
- Rash, bruising of the skin 
- Increased sweating, night sweats 
- Pain in your muscles, joints, arms, legs or neck 
- Muscle cramps, stiffness in the joints and muscles 
- Pain, bruising and redness at the injection site 
- Changes to blood tests. Symptoms you might notice are tiredness, repeated infection, 

unexplained bruising or bleeding. 
 
Uncommon side effects 
(may affect up to 1 in 100 people) 
- Hair loss 
- Changes to your monthly period 
- Burning feeling at the site of injection. 
 
Rare side effects 
(may affect up to 1 in 1,000 people) 
- Difficulty breathing. 
- Kidney problems including scarring that may reduce your kidney function 

If you get some or all of these symptoms: 
- Foamy urine 
- Fatigue 
- Swelling, particularly in the ankles and eyelids, and weight gain. 
Tell your doctor as they may be signs of a possible kidney problem.    

- Blood clots in the small blood vessels that can affect your kidneys (thrombotic 
thrombocytopenic purpura or haemolytic uremic syndrome).  Symptoms may include increased 
bruising, bleeding, fever, extreme weakness, headache, dizziness or light-headedness.  Your 
doctor may find changes in your blood and the function of your kidneys. 

 
If any of the effects trouble you, talk to your doctor. 
 
Other side effects  
 
(Notes information) 
 
These effects have been seen in people using Avonex, but we do not know how likely they are to 
happen. 
 
 
- An underactive or overactive thyroid 
- Nervousness or anxiety, emotional instability, irrational thoughts or hallucinations (seeing or 

hearing things that are not real), confusion or suicide 
- Numbness, dizziness, seizures or fits and migraines 
- An awareness of your heartbeat (palpitations), a rapid or irregular heartbeat, or heart problems 

which would have the following symptoms: a reduced ability to exercise, inability to lie flat in 
bed, shortness of breath or swollen ankles 

- Liver problems as described above 
- Nettle rash or blister-like rash, itching, worsening of psoriasis if you have it 
- Swelling or bleeding at the site of injection, or chest pain after an injection 
- Gaining or losing weight 
- Changes to test results, including changes to liver function tests. 
- Pulmonary arterial hypertension: A disease of severe narrowing of the blood vessels in the 

lungs resulting in high blood pressure in the blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the 



49 

lungs. Pulmonary arterial hypertension has been seen at various time points during treatment, 
including several years after starting treatment with interferon beta-products. 
 

If any of the effects trouble you, talk to your doctor. 
 
Effects of the injection 
- Feeling faint: Your first injection of Avonex may be given by your doctor. It may make you 

feel faint. You may even actually faint. This is unlikely to happen again. 
- Just after an injection, your muscles may feel tense or very weak – as though you are 

having a relapse. This is rare. It only happens when you inject and the effects soon pass. They 
may happen any time after starting on Avonex. 

- If you notice any irritation or skin problems after an injection, talk to your doctor. 
 
Flu-like symptoms 
 
(Notes information) 
 
Three simple ways to help reduce the impact of flu-like symptoms: 

1. Use your Avonex injection just before bedtime. This may allow you to sleep through the 
effects. 

2. Take paracetamol or ibuprofen half an hour before your Avonex injection and continue 
taking it for up to a day. Speak to your doctor or pharmacist about a suitable dose. 

3. If you have a fever, drink plenty of water to keep you hydrated. 
 

 
 
Some people find that after injecting Avonex, they feel like they have flu. Signs are: 
- Headache 
- Muscle aches 
- Chills or a fever. 
 
These symptoms are not really flu. 
You can’t pass it on to anyone else. They are more common when you first start using Avonex. Your 
doctor may provide you with an Avostartclip titration kit which enables you to gradually increase 
your dose at the start of treatment to help limit flu-like symptoms. As you keep using your injections, 
the flu-like symptoms gradually decrease. 
 
Reporting of side effects 
 
If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects 
not listed in this leaflet. You can also report side effects directly via the national reporting system 
listed in Appendix V. By reporting side effects you can help provide more information on the safety 
of this medicine. 
 
In order to improve the traceability of this medicine, your doctor or pharmacist should record the 
name and the lot number of the product you have been given in your patient file. You may also wish 
to make a note of these details in case you are asked for this information in the future. 
 
 
5. How to store AVONEX 
 
Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children. 
 
Do not use this medicine after the expiry date stated on the label. 
 

http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Template_or_form/2013/03/WC500139752.doc
http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Template_or_form/2013/03/WC500139752.doc


50 

Store in the original package (sealed plastic tray) in order to protect from light. 
Store in a refrigerator (between 2°C and 8°C). Do not freeze. 
Avonex can also be stored at room temperature (between 15°C and 30°C) for up to one week. 
 
Do NOT use Avonex if you notice: 
- The pre-filled syringe is broken. 
- The sealed plastic tray is damaged or opened. 
- The solution is coloured or you can see particles floating in it. 
- The tamper evident cap has been broken. 
 
Do not throw away any medicines via wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to 
throw away medicines you no longer use. These measures will help protect the environment. 
 
 
6. Contents of the pack and other information 
 
What AVONEX contains 
 
The active substanceis: Interferon beta-1a 30 micrograms/0.5 ml 
The other ingredients are: Sodium acetate, trihydrate; acetic acid glacial, arginine hydrochloride, 
polysorbate 20 and water for injections. 
 
What AVONEX looks like and contents of the pack 
 
Avonex Solution for Injection comes as a ready to use injection.  
In a box of Avonex there are four or twelve ready to use (pre-filled) syringes, each with 0.5 ml of a 
clear, colourless liquid inside. Not all pack sizes may be marketed. Each syringe is packed in a sealed 
plastic tray. A separate needle to give the injection is also included in the tray. 
 
Marketing Authorisation Holder and Manufacturer 
 
The Marketing Authorisation Holder is: 
 
Biogen Netherlands B.V. 
Prins Mauritslaan 13 
1171 LP Badhoevedorp 
The Netherlands 
 
Avonex is made by: 
 
Biogen (Denmark) Manufacturing ApS,  
Biogen Allé 1,  
DK-3400 Hillerød,  
Denmark 
 
You can get a larger print version of this leaflet by calling the local representatives. 
 
For any information about this medicine, please contact the local representative of the Marketing 
Authorisation Holder.   
 
België/Belgique/Belgien 
Biogen Belgium NV/SA 
 +32 2 2191218 
 

Lietuva 
UAB "JOHNSON & JOHNSON" 
 +370 5 278 68 88 
 



51 

България 
ТП ЕВОФАРМА 
 +359 2 962 12 00 
 

Luxembourg/Luxemburg 
Biogen Belgium NV/SA 
 +32 2 2191218 
 

Česká republika 
Biogen (Czech Republic) s.r.o. 
 +420 255 706 200 

Magyarország 
Biogen Hungary Kft. 
 +36 1 899 9883 

Danmark 
Biogen Denmark A/S 
 +45 77 41 57 57 
 

Malta 
Pharma. MT Ltd.. 
 +356 21337008 

Deutschland 
Biogen GmbH 
 +49 (0) 89 99 6170 
 

Nederland 
Biogen Netherlands B.V. 
 +31 20 542 2000 
 

Eesti 
UAB "JOHNSON & JOHNSON" Eesti filiaal 
 +372 617 7410 
 

Norge 
Biogen Norway AS 
 +47 23 40 01 00 

Ελλάδα 
Genesis Pharma SA 
 +30 210 8771500 
 

Österreich 
Biogen Austria GmbH 
 +43 1 484 46 13 

España 
Biogen Spain S.L. 
 +34 91 310 7110 
 

Polska 
Biogen Poland Sp. z o.o. 
 +48 22 351 51 00 
 

France 
Biogen France SAS 
 +33 (0)1 41 37 9595 
 

Portugal 
Biogen Portugal  
Sociedade Farmacêutica, Unipessoal Lda. 
 +351 21 318 8450 
 

Hrvatska 
Medis Adria d.o.o. 
 +385 1 230 34 46 
 

România 
Johnson & Johnson Romania S.R.L.  
 +40 21 207 18 00 

Ireland 
Biogen Idec (Ireland) Ltd. 
 +353 (0)1 463 7799 
 

Slovenija 
Biogen Pharma d.o.o. 
 +386 1 511 02 90 

Ísland 
Icepharma hf 
 +354 540 8000 

Slovenská republika 
Biogen Slovakia s.r.o. 
 +421 2 323 34008 
 

Italia 
Biogen Italia s.r.l. 
 +39 02 584 9901 

Suomi/Finland 
Biogen Finland Oy 
 +358 207 401 200 
 

Κύπρος 
Genesis Pharma Cyprus Ltd 
 +357 22 76 57 40 
 

Sverige 
Biogen Sweden AB 
 +46 8 594 113 60 



52 

Latvija 
UAB "JOHNSON & JOHNSON" filiāle Latvijā 
 +371 678 93561 
 

United Kingdom 
Biogen Idec Limited 
 +44 (0) 1628 50 1000 
 

 
This leaflet was last revised in  
 
Detailed information on this medicine is available on the European Medicines Agency web site: 
http://www.ema.europa.eu. 
 
This leaflet is available in all EU/EEA languages on the European Medicines Agency website. 
 
 
7. How to inject AVONEX 
 
You should have had training in how to inject Avonex  
These notes are a reminder. If there’s anything you’re not sure about, check with your doctor or 
pharmacist. 
 
Where to inject 
 
• Avonex is injected into a muscle, for example, the upper thigh muscle. Injection of Avonex 

into the buttocks is not recommended. 
• Use a different injection site each week. This means less risk of irritation to your skin and 

muscle. 
• Do not use any area of skin that is bruised, sore, or infected, or if there is an open wound. 
 

 
 
A. Getting Ready 
 
1. Remove one sealed plastic tray from the refrigerator 

- Check the expiry date on the lid of the tray. Do not use it if it is out-of-date. 
- Peel back the paper lid completely. Check the blister tray contains one pre-filled syringe 

and one injection needle (see picture “Contents of the plastic tray”). 
 

2.  Leave the syringe to warm up 
- Leave it at room temperature for half an hour. This makes the injection more 

comfortable than injecting straight from a refrigerator.  
Tip: Do not use external heat sources such as hot water to warm the syringe. 
 

3.  Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water and dry them. 



53 

 
4. Prepare alcohol wipes and sticking plasters (not supplied) if you need them.  
 

Find a clean, hard surface to lay out the items needed for your injection. Lay the tray down 
on it. 

 
 
B. Preparing the injection 
 
1 

 

Check the liquid in the syringe 
It should be clear and colourless. If the solution is cloudy, coloured 
or contains any floating particles, do not use the pre-filled syringe. 

2 

 

Remove the syringe cap 
The syringe has a white tamper-evident cap. 
Make sure the cap is intact and has not been opened. 
If it looks like it has been opened, do not use that syringe. 
Hold the syringe so that the white cap is facing up.  
Bend the cap at a right angle until it snaps off. 
Do not touch the connection port.  
Do not push on the plunger. 

 
3 

 

 
 

Fit the needle  
Open needle to expose the connection port. Keep the cover on.  
Press the needle onto the syringe. 
Turn it clockwise until it locks into place. 

Tip: Make sure the injection needle is firmly attached to the syringe. 
Otherwise it may leak.  
If you have been told to gradually increase your dose of Avonex, you 
may need to use an Avostartclip titration kit provided by your doctor. 
For further details, speak with your doctor  
Now pull off the plastic needle cover. Do not twist it. 

Tip: If you twist the needle cover to remove it, you may accidentally 
remove the needle as well. 

 



54 

C. Giving the injection 
 
1 

 

Clean and stretch the injection site 
If you need to, use an alcohol wipe to clean the skin at the injection 
site you’ve chosen. Allow the skin to dry. 
With one hand, stretch the skin around the injection site. 
Relax your muscle. 

 

2 

 

Make the injection 
Insert the injection needle with a quick dart-like thrust at right 
angles to the skin, into the muscle. 
The needle must go all the way in. 
Press the plunger slowly until the syringe is empty. 
If you are using a syringe that has an Avostartclip attached, you will 
receive a lower dose of Avonex.  
The syringe will not empty.  
 

3 

 

Pull the needle out  
Keep the skin stretched tightly or squeeze the skin around the 
injection site, and pull out the needle. 
If you use alcohol wipes, hold one on the injection site. 
Put a plaster over the site of injection if you need to. 

 

 

 

Dispose of the rubbish properly 
 
After you have finished each injection, put the needle and syringe into a 
special container (such as a sharps bin), not in ordinary rubbish. 
If you have used the Avostartclip, the syringe (and the Avostartclip) must 
be thrown away afterwards.  The unused portion of Avonex must not be 
used. 
Waste paper and used wipes can be put in an ordinary rubbish bin. 
 

 



55 

Package leaflet: Information for the user 
 

AVONEX 30 micrograms/0.5ml solution for injection in pre-filled pen 
(Interferon beta-1a) 

Pre-filled pen 
 

Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start using this medicine because it contains 
important information for you. 
Even if you have used Avonex before, some of the information may have changed. 
- Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again. 
- If you have any further questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist. 
- This medicine has been prescribed for you only. Do not pass it on to others. It may harm them, 

even if their signs of illness are the same as yours. 
- If you get any side effects talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side 

effects not listed in this leaflet. See section 4. 
 
(Notes information) 
 
This leaflet is changed from time to time. 
Please check every time you get your prescription refilled to see if the leaflet has been updated. 
 
 
(Notes information) 
 
If there’s anything you’re not sure about, ask your doctor or pharmacist. 
 
 
In this leaflet… 
The right hand pages have the information you will need to use Avonex Pen properly. 
On each left hand page you’ll find useful tips and explanations on how to get the best from your 
medicine. 
Inside the back cover there’s a fold-out chart with everything you need to make injections with your 
Avonex Pen. 
 
What is in this leaflet  

1. What AVONEX is and what it is used for 
2. What you need to know before you use AVONEX 
3. How to use AVONEX PEN 
4. Possible side effects 
5. How to store AVONEX PEN 
6. Contents of the pack and other information 
7. How to inject AVONEX PEN 

 
 
1 What AVONEX is and what it is used for 
 
(Notes information) 
Avonex works best when you use it: 
- at the same time 
- once a week 
- on a regular basis 
Do not stop your Avonex treatment without speaking to your neurologist. 
 



56 

What AVONEX is 
 
Avonex Pen is used to inject Avonex. The active substance in Avonex is a protein called interferon 
beta-1a. Interferons are natural substances made in your body to help protect you from infections and 
diseases. The protein in Avonex is made up of exactly the same ingredients as interferon beta that is 
found in the human body.  
 
What AVONEX is used for 
 
Avonex is used to treat Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Treatment with Avonex can help to prevent you 
from getting worse, although it will not cure MS. 
 
Everyone has their own set of MS symptoms. These can include: 
- Feeling off-balance or light headed, walking problems, stiffness and muscle spasms, tiredness, 

numbness in the face, arms or legs 
- Acute or chronic pain, bladder and bowel problems, sexual problems and problems seeing 

things 
- Difficulty in thinking and concentrating, depression. 
MS also tends to flare up from time to time: this is called a relapse. 
 
Avonex can help to reduce the number of relapses that you have and slow down the disabling 
effects of MS. Your doctor will advise you for how long you can use Avonex or when to stop. 
 
How AVONEX works 
 
Multiple sclerosis is linked to nerve (brain or spinal cord) damage. In MS, your body’s defence 
system reacts against its own myelin – the ‘insulation’ that surrounds nerve fibres. When myelin is 
damaged, the messages between the brain and other parts of the body are disrupted. This is what 
causes the symptoms of MS. Avonex seems to work by stopping your body’s defence system from 
attacking the myelin. 
 
 
2. What you need to know before you use AVONEX 
 
(Notes information) 
Avonex and allergic reactions 
Because Avonex is based on a protein, there is a small chance of an allergic reaction. 
 
More about depression 
If you have severe depression or thoughts about suicide, you must not use Avonex. 
If you have depression, your doctor may still prescribe Avonex for you, but it’s important to let your 
doctor know if you have had depression or any similar problems affecting your moods. 
 
Do not use AVONEX: 
 
- If you are allergic to interferon beta or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in 

section 6) 
- If you have severe depression or think about committing suicide. 
 
Talk to a doctor straight away if any of these apply to you. 
  
Warnings and precautions  
 
Talk to your doctor before using Avonex if you have or have had in the past: 
- Depression or problems affecting your moods 



57 

- Thoughts about committing suicide. 
Changes to your mood, thoughts about suicide, feeling unusually sad, anxious or worthless, should be 
reported to your doctor immediately. 
- Epilepsy or other seizure disorders not controlled by medication 
- Serious kidney or liver problems 
- A low number of white blood cells or platelets, which can cause an increased risk of 

infection, bleeding or anaemia 
- Heart problems, which can cause symptoms such as chest pain (angina), particularly after any 

activity; swollen ankles, shortness of breath (congestive heart failure); or an irregular heartbeat 
(arrhythmias). 

Talk to your doctor if you have any of these conditions, or if they worsen whilst taking Avonex. 
 
Blood clots in the small blood vessels may occur during your treatment. These blood clots could 
affect your kidneys. This might happen several weeks to several years after starting Avonex.  
 
Your doctor may want to check your blood pressure, blood (platelet count) and the function of your 
kidneys. 
 
Tell your doctor you are using Avonex: 
- If you are having a blood test. Avonex may interfere with the results. 
 
(Notes information) 
 
Sometimes you will need to remind other medical staff that you are being treated with Avonex. 
For example, if you are prescribed other medicines, or if you have a blood test, Avonex may affect the 
other medicines or the test result. 
 
 
Other medicines and AVONEX 
 
Tell your doctor if you are using, have recently used or might use any other medicines, especially 
those used to treat epilepsy or depression. Avonex may affect other medicines or be affected by them. 
This includes any medicines obtained without a prescription. 
 
Pregnancy and breast-feeding 
 
If you are pregnant, think you may be pregnant or are planning to have a baby, ask your doctor or 
pharmacist for advice before taking this medicine.  

No harmful effects on the breastfed newborn/infant are anticipated. Avonex can be used during 
breast-feeding. 

Driving and using machines 
 
If you feel dizzy, do not drive. Avonex makes some people feel dizzy. If this happens to you, or if 
you get any other side effects that could affect your ability, do not drive or use machines. 
 
Important information about some of the ingredients of Avonex 
 
This medicine is essentially ‘sodium-free’. It contains less than 23 mg (1 mmol) sodium in each 
weekly dose. 
 
 



58 

3. How to use  AVONEX PEN 
 
(Notes information) 
 
There are more details on how to inject using the Avonex Pen: 
In the fold-out section at the back of this leaflet. 
 
The recommended weekly dose  
One injection using Avonex Pen, once a week. 
Try to use Avonex at the same time on the same day each week. 
 
Not for children 
Avonex is not to be used in children below the age of 12 years. 
 
Injecting yourself 
 
You can inject Avonex yourself using the Avonex Pen without the help of your doctor, if they have 
trained you to do this. The instructions on how to inject yourself are at the end of this leaflet (see 
section 7, How to inject AVONEX PEN). 
 
If you have trouble handling the Avonex Pen, ask your doctor who may be able to help. 
 
How long to use AVONEX 
 
Your doctor will tell you how long you need to keep using Avonex. It is important to continue using 
Avonex regularly. Do not make changes unless your doctor tells you. 
 
If you inject more than you should 
 
You should inject using only one Avonex Pen, once a week. If you have used more than one Avonex 
Pen in a three-day period, contact your doctor or pharmacist straight away for advice. 
 
If you miss an injection 
 
If you miss your usual weekly dose, inject a dose as soon as you can. Then leave a week before 
using Avonex Pen again. Continue injecting on this new day every week. If you have a preferred day 
for using Avonex, talk to your doctor about managing the dose, to get back to your preferred day. Do 
not use two injections to make up for a missed injection. 
 
 
4. Possible side effects 
 
(Notes information) 
 
Although the list of possible side effects can seem worrying, it’s possible that you may not have any 
of them. 
 
Like all medicines, this medicine can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. 
 
Serious side effects: get medical help 
 
Serious allergic reactions 
If you get any of these: 
- Swelling of the face, lips or tongue 
- Difficulty breathing 



59 

- A rash. 
Call a doctor immediately. Do not use any more Avonex until you have spoken to a doctor. 
 
Depression 
If you get any symptoms of depression: 
- Feeling unusually sad, anxious or worthless. 
Call a doctor immediately. 
 
Liver problems 
If you get any of these symptoms: 
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice) 
- Itching all over 
- Feeling sick, being sick (nausea and vomiting) 
- Easy bruising of the skin. 
Call a doctor immediately as they may be signs of a possible liver problem. 
 
Side effects seen in clinical trials 
 
(Notes information) 
 
Side effects seen in clinical trials.  
These are the side effects that people reported when Avonex was being tested. The figures are based 
on how many people said they’d had them. It gives you an idea how likely you are to get similar side 
effects. 
 
 
Very common side effects (may affect more than 1 in 10 people) 
- Flu-like symptoms – headache, muscle aches, chills or a fever: see Flu-like symptoms 
- Headache. 
 
Common side effects (may affect up to 1 in 10 people) 
- Loss of appetite 
- Feeling weak and tired 
- Difficulty sleeping 
- Depression 
- Flushing 
- Runny nose 
- Diarrhoea (loose stools) 
- Feeling or being sick (nausea or vomiting) 
- Numbness or tingling of skin 
- Rash, bruising of the skin 
- Increased sweating, night sweats 
- Pain in your muscles, joints, arms, legs or neck 
- Muscle cramps, stiffness in the joints and muscles 
- Pain, bruising and redness at the injection site 
- Changes to blood tests. Symptoms you might notice are tiredness, repeated infection, 

unexplained bruising or bleeding. 
 
Uncommon side effects (may affect up to 1 in 100 people) 
- Hair loss 
- Changes to your monthly period 
- Burning feeling at the site of injection. 
 
Rare side effects (may affect up to 1 in 1,000 people) 
- Difficulty breathing. 



60 

- Kidney problems including scarring that may reduce your kidney function 
If you get some or all of these symptoms: 
- Foamy urine 
- Fatigue 
- Swelling, particularly in the ankles and eyelids, and weight gain. 
Tell your doctor as they may be signs of a possible kidney problem.    

- Blood clots in the small blood vessels that can affect your kidneys (thrombotic 
thrombocytopenic purpura or haemolytic uremic syndrome).  Symptoms may include increased 
bruising, bleeding, fever, extreme weakness, headache, dizziness or light-headedness.  Your 
doctor may find changes in your blood and the function of your kidneys. 

 
If any of the effects trouble you, talk to your doctor. 
 
Other side effects  
 
(Notes information) 
 
These effects have been seen in people using Avonex, but we do not know how likely they are to 
happen. 
 
If you feel dizzy, do not drive 
 
- An underactive or overactive thyroid 
- Nervousness or anxiety, emotional instability, irrational thoughts or hallucinations (seeing or 

hearing things that are not real), confusion or suicide 
- Numbness, dizziness, seizures or fits and migraines 
- An awareness of your heartbeat (palpitations), a rapid or irregular heartbeat, or heart problems 

which would have the following symptoms: a reduced ability to exercise, inability to lie flat in 
bed, shortness of breath or swollen ankles 

- Liver problems as described above 
- Nettle rash or blister-like rash, itching, worsening of psoriasis if you have it 
- Swelling or bleeding at the site of injection, or chest pain after an injection 
- Gaining or losing weight 
- Changes to test results, including changes to liver function tests. 
- Pulmonary arterial hypertension: A disease of severe narrowing of the blood vessels in the 

lungs resulting in high blood pressure in the blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the 
lungs. Pulmonary arterial hypertension has been seen at various time points during treatment, 
including several years after starting treatment with interferon beta-products 

 
If any of the effects trouble you, talk to your doctor. 
 
Effects of the injection 
- Feeling faint: Your first injection of Avonex may be given by your doctor. It may make you 

feel faint. You may even actually faint. This is unlikely to happen again. 
- Just after an injection, your muscles may feel tense or very weak – as though you are 

having a relapse. This is rare. It only happens when you inject and the effects soon pass. They 
may happen any time after starting on Avonex. 

- If you notice any irritation or skin problems after an injection, talk to your doctor. 
 
Flu-like symptoms 
 
(Notes information) 
 
Three simple ways to help reduce the impact of flu-like symptoms: 



61 

1. Use your Avonex Pen injection just before bedtime. This may allow you to sleep through the 
effects. 

2. Take paracetamol or ibuprofen half an hour before your Avonex Pen injection and continue 
taking it for up to a day. Speak to your doctor or pharmacist about a suitable dose. 

3. If you have a fever, drink plenty of water to keep you hydrated. 
 
 
Some people find that after using Avonex Pen, they feel like they have flu. Signs are: 
- Headache 
- Muscle aches 
- Chills or a fever. 
 
These symptoms are not really flu. 
You can’t pass it on to anyone else. They are more common when you first start using Avonex. As 
you keep using your injections, the flu-like symptoms gradually decrease. 
 
Reporting of side effects 
 
If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects 
not listed in this leaflet. You can also report side effects directly via the national reporting system 
listed in Appendix V. By reporting side effects you can help provide more information on the safety 
of this medicine. 
 
In order to improve the traceability of this medicine, your doctor or pharmacist should record the 
name and the lot number of the product you have been given in your patient file. You may also wish 
to make a note of these details in case you are asked for this information in the future. 
 
 
5. How to store AVONEX PEN 
 
Keep this medicine out of the sight and reach of children. 
 
Do not use this medicine after the expiry date stated on the label. 
 
Avonex Pen contains a pre-filled syringe of Avonex. Store in the original package in order to protect 
from light. 
 
Store in a refrigerator (between 2°C and 8°C). Do not freeze. 
 
Avonex Pen can be stored at room temperature (between 15°C and 30°C) for up to one week. 
 
Do not use Avonex pen if you notice: 
- The pen is broken. 
- The solution is coloured or you can see particles floating in it. 
- The tamper evident cap has been broken. 
 
Do not throw away any medicines via wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to 
throw away medicines you no longer use. These measures will help protect the environment. 
 
 
6. Contents of the pack and other information 
 
What AVONEX PEN contains 
 
The active substance is: Interferon beta-1a 30 micrograms/0.5 ml 

http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Template_or_form/2013/03/WC500139752.doc
http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Template_or_form/2013/03/WC500139752.doc


62 

The other ingredients are: Sodium acetate, trihydrate; acetic acid glacial, arginine hydrochloride, 
polysorbate 20 and water for injections. 
 
What AVONEX PEN looks like and contents of the pack 
 
Each individual pack contains one Avonex Pen, one needle and one pen cover. Avonex Pen contains a 
pre-filled syringe of Avonex and should only be used following adequate training. Avonex Pens are 
provided in packs of four or twelve for one or three months of injections. 
 
Marketing Authorisation Holder and Manufacturer 
 
The Marketing Authorisation Holder is: 
 
Biogen Netherlands B.V. 
Prins Mauritslaan 13 
1171 LP Badhoevedorp 
The Netherlands 
. 
 
Avonex is made by: 
 
Biogen (Denmark) Manufacturing ApS,  
Biogen Allé 1,  
DK-3400 Hillerød,  
Denmark 
 
You can get a larger print version of this leaflet by calling the local representatives. 
 
For any information about this medicine, please contact the local representative of the Marketing 
Authorisation Holder.   
 
België/Belgique/Belgien 
Biogen Belgium NV/SA 
 +32 2 2191218 
 

Lietuva 
UAB "JOHNSON & JOHNSON" 
 +370 5 278 68 88 
 

България 
ТП ЕВОФАРМА 
 +359 2 962 12 00 
 

Luxembourg/Luxemburg 
Biogen Belgium NV/SA 
 +32 2 2191218 
 

Česká republika 
Biogen (Czech Republic) s.r.o. 
 +420 255 706 200 

Magyarország 
Biogen Hungary Kft. 
 +36 1 899 9883 

Danmark 
Biogen Denmark A/S 
 +45 77 41 57 57 
 

Malta 
Pharma. MT Ltd.. 
 +356 21337008 

Deutschland 
Biogen GmbH 
 +49 (0) 89 99 6170 
 

Nederland 
Biogen Netherlands B.V. 
 +31 20 542 2000 
 

Eesti 
UAB "JOHNSON & JOHNSON" Eesti filiaal 
 +372 617 7410 
 

Norge 
Biogen Norway AS 
 +47 23 40 01 00 



63 

Ελλάδα 
Genesis Pharma SA 
 +30 210 8771500 
 

Österreich 
Biogen Austria GmbH 
 +43 1 484 46 13 

España 
Biogen Spain S.L. 
 +34 91 310 7110 
 

Polska 
Biogen Poland Sp. z o.o. 
 +48 22 351 51 00 
 

France 
Biogen France SAS 
 +33 (0)1 41 37 9595 
 

Portugal 
Biogen Portugal  
Sociedade Farmacêutica, Unipessoal Lda. 
 +351 21 318 8450 
 

Hrvatska 
Medis Adria d.o.o. 
 +385 1 230 34 46 
 

România 
Johnson & Johnson Romania S.R.L.  
 +40 21 207 18 00 

Ireland 
Biogen Idec (Ireland) Ltd. 
 +353 (0)1 463 7799 
 

Slovenija 
Biogen Pharma d.o.o. 
 +386 1 511 02 90 

Ísland 
Icepharma hf 
 +354 540 8000 

Slovenská republika 
Biogen Slovakia s.r.o. 
 +421 2 323 34008 
 

Italia 
Biogen Italia s.r.l. 
 +39 02 584 9901 

Suomi/Finland 
Biogen Finland Oy 
 +358 207 401 200 
 

Κύπρος 
Genesis Pharma Cyprus Ltd 
 +357 22 76 57 40 
 

Sverige 
Biogen Sweden AB 
 +46 8 594 113 60 

Latvija 
UAB "JOHNSON & JOHNSON" filiāle Latvijā 
 +371 678 93561 
 

United Kingdom 
Biogen Idec Limited 
 +44 (0) 1628 50 1000 
 

 
This leaflet was last revised in 
 
Detailed information on this medicine is available on the European Medicines Agency  web site: 
http://www.ema.europa.eu.  
 
This leaflet is available in all EU/EEA languages on the European Medicines Agency website. 
 
 



64 

 
7. How to inject AVONEX PEN 

 
Avonex Pen (single use) 
 
Pack contents – Avonex Pen, needle and Avonex Pen cover 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
Avonex Pen – prepared for injection 
 

 
 
Avonex Pen – after injection 
(prepared for disposal) 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 

 
You should have had training in how to use your Avonex Pen.  
These notes are a reminder. If there's anything you're not sure about or you have a problem, check 
with your doctor or pharmacist. 

 
Where to inject 
(Notes information) 
Use a different injection site each week 
The best area is the upper, outer thigh muscle.  
Alternate the left and right thighs. 
Keep a note of where you have injected each week. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
• Avonex is injected into a muscle, the best area is the upper, outer thigh muscle as shown in 

the diagram opposite. Injection of Avonex into the buttocks is not recommended. 
• Use a different injection site each week. This means less risk of irritation to your skin and 

muscle. 
• Do not use any area of skin that is bruised, sore, or infected, or if there is an open wound. 



65 

 
(Notes information) 
 
Turn over 
 
 
A. Getting ready 
 
1. Take one Avonex Pen out of the refrigerator 

Check the pack contains one Avonex Pen, one needle and one pen cover. 
 
Do not shake Avonex Pen. 
 
Check the expiry date on the Avonex Pen label.  
Do not use if it is out-of-date. 
 

2. Leave Avonex Pen to warm up 
Leave it at room temperature for half an hour. This makes the injection more comfortable 
than using straight from the refrigerator.  
Tip: Do not use external heat sources such as hot water to warm Avonex Pen. 
 

3. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water and dry them. 
 
4. Prepare alcohol wipes and sticking plasters (not supplied) if you need them.  
 
5. Find a clean, hard surface to lay out the items needed for your injection.  
 
(Notes information) 
 
Fold out 
 
 



66 

B. Preparing Avonex Pen 
 
1  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

1 Remove the tamper-evident cap 
Make sure the cap is intact and has not been opened. If it 
looks like it has been opened, do not use that Avonex Pen. 
• Hold Avonex Pen so that the cap is pointing up. 
• Bend the cap at a right angle until it snaps off.  
• Do not touch the exposed glass tip. 

Tip: Place the pen down on the table before beginning step 2. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

2  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 

2 Fit the needle 
• Avonex Pen has been designed to function only with the 

supplied needle.  
• Peel off the foil from the base of the needle cover. 
• Attach the needle by pressing it onto the glass pen tip. 

Keep the pen upright. 
• Do not remove the needle cover. 
• Gently, turn the needle clockwise until it is firmly 

attached, otherwise the needle may leak. You may not 
get the full dose if it leaks. 

Tip: The needle cover will come off automatically during step 3, 
below. 
 

3  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

3 Extend the injector shield 
• Hold the body of the pen firmly with one hand. Point the 

needle cover away from you and anyone else. 
• Use your other hand, and with one quick motion pull up 

the injector shield (grooved area) over the needle until 
the needle is fully covered. 

• The plastic needle cover will “pop” off. 
Tip: Do not press the blue activation button at the same time. 

4  
 
 
 

 

4 Check the injector shield is extended correctly 
• Check the injector shield is fully extended. A small 

rectangular area will be visible next to the oval display 
window. This is the safety lock. 



67 

5  
 
 
 

 

5 Check the liquid 
• Look through the oval display window. The liquid should 

be clear and colourless. 
If the solution is cloudy, coloured or contains any floating 
particles, do not use this pen. 
Air bubble(s) are normal. 

 
C. Using Avonex Pen 
 
1  1 Clean the injection site 

If you need to, use an alcohol wipe to clean the skin at the injection 
site you’ve chosen. Allow the skin to dry. 
Tip: The best area is the upper, outer thigh. 
 

2  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

2 Place Avonex Pen on the skin 
• Hold the body of the pen at a right angle to the injection site with 

one hand. Make sure the windows of the pen are visible. 
Tip: Take care not to press the blue activation button too early. 
• Firmly press the body of the pen down onto the skin to release the 

safety lock. 
• Check the safety lock is released. The small rectangular window 

area will disappear. Avonex Pen is now ready to inject. 
Tip: Continue to hold the pen firmly on the skin. 
 
 
 
 

3  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

3 Give the injection 
• Press the blue activation button with your thumb to start the 

injection. 
You will hear a “click” indicating the injection process has begun. Do 
not lift the pen away from your skin. 
• Continue to hold the pen on your skin and count slowly for a full 

10 seconds. 
• After 10 seconds pull the pen straight out to remove the needle 

from the injection site.  
• Apply pressure to the injection site for a few seconds. If there is 

any blood at the site, wipe it off. 
 

4  
 
 
 

4 Confirm injection delivery 
• Check the circular display window. The window will now 

appear yellow when the full dose has been delivered. 
• Do not re-use the Avonex Pen. It is for a single use only. 

 



68 

5  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

5 Disposal 
• Place the pen cover on a flat, hard surface.  

Tip: Do not hold the pen cover. You may get a needle injury. 
• Insert needle directly into the pen cover.  
•  Firmly press until you hear a “click” to seal the needle. You may 

need to use both hands. Once the pen is sealed there is no risk of 
injury. 

• Dispose of rubbish properly. Your doctor, nurse or pharmacist 
should provide you with instructions on how to dispose of your used 
Avonex Pen, for example into a sharps bin. Always follow your local 
guidelines.  

 

 


	SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
	A. MANUFACTURER OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVE SUBSTANCE AND MANUFACTURER RESPONSIBLE FOR BATCH RELEASE
	B. CONDITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS REGARDING SUPPLY AND USE 
	C. OTHER CONDITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION 
	D. CONDITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS WITH REGARD TO THE SAFE AND EFFECTIVE USE OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
	A. LABELLING
	B. PACKAGE LEAFLET

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  >>
  /JPEG2000GrayImageDict <<
    /TileWidth 256
    /TileHeight 256
    /Quality 15
  >>
  /AntiAliasMonoImages false
  /CropMonoImages false
  /MonoImageMinResolution 1200
  /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK
  /DownsampleMonoImages true
  /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic
  /MonoImageResolution 1200
  /MonoImageDepth -1
  /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000
  /EncodeMonoImages true
  /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode
  /MonoImageDict <<
    /K -1
  >>
  /AllowPSXObjects true
  /CheckCompliance [
    /None
  ]
  /PDFX1aCheck false
  /PDFX3Check false
  /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false
  /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true
  /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [
    0.00000
    0.00000
    0.00000
    0.00000
  ]
  /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true
  /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [
    0.00000
    0.00000
    0.00000
    0.00000
  ]
  /PDFXOutputIntentProfile (Japan Color 2001 Coated)
  /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier (JC200103)
  /PDFXOutputCondition ()
  /PDFXRegistryName (http://www.color.org)
  /PDFXTrapped /False

  /CreateJDFFile false
  /Description <<
    /ENU ([Based on '150dpi-RGB'] Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents suitable for reliable viewing and printing of business documents.  Created PDF documents can be opened with Acrobat and Adobe Reader 6.0 and later.)
  >>
  /Namespace [
    (Adobe)
    (Common)
    (1.0)
  ]
  /OtherNamespaces [
    <<
      /AsReaderSpreads false
      /CropImagesToFrames true
      /ErrorControl /WarnAndContinue
      /FlattenerIgnoreSpreadOverrides false
      /IncludeGuidesGrids false
      /IncludeNonPrinting false
      /IncludeSlug false
      /Namespace [
        (Adobe)
        (InDesign)
        (4.0)
      ]
      /OmitPlacedBitmaps false
      /OmitPlacedEPS false
      /OmitPlacedPDF false
      /SimulateOverprint /Legacy
    >>
    <<
      /AllowImageBreaks true
      /AllowTableBreaks true
      /ExpandPage false
      /HonorBaseURL true
      /HonorRolloverEffect false
      /IgnoreHTMLPageBreaks false
      /IncludeHeaderFooter false
      /MarginOffset [
        0
        0
        0
        0
      ]
      /MetadataAuthor ()
      /MetadataKeywords ()
      /MetadataSubject ()
      /MetadataTitle ()
      /MetricPageSize [
        0
        0
      ]
      /MetricUnit /inch
      /MobileCompatible 0
      /Namespace [
        (Adobe)
        (GoLive)
        (8.0)
      ]
      /OpenZoomToHTMLFontSize false
      /PageOrientation /Portrait
      /RemoveBackground false
      /ShrinkContent true
      /TreatColorsAs /MainMonitorColors
      /UseEmbeddedProfiles false
      /UseHTMLTitleAsMetadata true
    >>
    <<
      /AddBleedMarks false
      /AddColorBars false
      /AddCropMarks false
      /AddPageInfo false
      /AddRegMarks false
      /BleedOffset [
        0
        0
        0
        0
      ]
      /ConvertColors /ConvertToRGB
      /DestinationProfileName (Japan Color 2001 Coated)
      /DestinationProfileSelector /UseName
      /Downsample16BitImages true
      /FlattenerPreset <<
        /PresetSelector /MediumResolution
      >>
      /FormElements true
      /GenerateStructure false
      /IncludeBookmarks true
      /IncludeHyperlinks true
      /IncludeInteractive false
      /IncludeLayers false
      /IncludeProfiles true
      /MarksOffset 6
      /MarksWeight 0.250000
      /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings
      /Namespace [
        (Adobe)
        (CreativeSuite)
        (2.0)
      ]
      /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /UseName
      /PageMarksFile /RomanDefault
      /PreserveEditing true
      /UntaggedCMYKHandling /UseDocumentProfile
      /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile
      /UseDocumentBleed false
    >>
  ]
>> setdistillerparams
<<
  /HWResolution [600 600]
  /PageSize [612.000 792.000]
>> setpagedevice