Clopidogrel 1A Pharma

ANNEX I 
 

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 
 

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1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT 
 
Clopidogrel 1A Pharma 75 mg film-coated tablets 
 
 
2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION 
 
Each film-coated tablet contains 75 mg of Clopidogrel (as besilate). 
Excipients: each tablet contains 3.80 mg hydrogenated castor oil. 
 
For a full list of excipients, see section 6.1. 
 
 
3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM 
 
Film-coated tablet. 
 
White to off-white, marbled, round and biconvex film-coated tablets.  
 
 
4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 
 
4.1 Therapeutic indications 
 
Clopidogrel is indicated in adults for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in: 
 

 Patients suffering from myocardial infarction (from a few days until less than 35 days), 
ischaemic stroke (from 7 days until less than 6 months) or established peripheral arterial 
disease. 

 
 Patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome: 

- Non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina or non-Q-wave 
myocardial infarction), including patients undergoing a stent placement following 
percutaneous coronary intervention, in combination with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). 

- ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction, in combination with ASA in 
medically treated patients eligible for thrombolytic therapy. 

 
For further information please refer to section 5.1. 
 
4.2 Posology and method of administration 
 
 Adults and elderly 
Clopidogrel should be given as a single daily dose of 75 mg with or without food. 
 
In patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome: 
-  Non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina or non-Q-wave 

myocardial infarction): Clopidogrel treatment should be initiated with a single 300 mg loading 
dose and then continued at 75 mg once a day (with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) 75 mg-325 mg 
daily). Since higher doses of ASA were associated with higher bleeding risk it is recommended 
that the dose of ASA should not be higher than 100 mg. The optimal duration of treatment has 
not been formally established. Clinical trial data support use up to 12 months, and the 
maximum benefit was seen at 3 months (see section 5.1). 

-  ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction: Clopidogrel should be given as a single daily 
dose of 75 mg initiated with a 300 mg loading dose in combination with ASA and with or 
without thrombolytics. For patients over 75 years of age Clopidogrel should be initiated without 
a loading dose. Combined therapy should be started as early as possible after symptoms start 

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and continued for at least four weeks. The benefit of the combination of Clopidogrel with ASA 
beyond four weeks has not been studied in this setting (see section 5.1). 

 
 Pharmacogenetics 
 CYP2C19 poor metaboliser status is associated with diminished response to Clopidogrel. The 

optimal dose regimen for poor metabolisers has yet to be determined (see section 5.2). 
 
 Paediatric patients 
 The safety and efficacy of Clopidogrel in children and adolescents have not yet been 

established. 
 
 Renal impairment 
 Therapeutic experience is limited in patients with renal impairment (see section 4.4). 
 
 Hepatic impairment 
 Therapeutic experience is limited in patients with moderate hepatic disease who may have 
 bleeding diatheses (see section 4.4). 
 
4.3 Contraindications 
 
 Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients. 
 Severe liver impairment. 
 Active pathological bleeding such as peptic ulcer or intracranial haemorrhage. 
 
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use 
 
Bleeding and haematological disorders 
Due to the risk of bleeding and haematological adverse reactions, blood cell count determination 
and/or other appropriate testing should be promptly considered whenever clinical symptoms 
suggestive of bleeding arise during the course of treatment (see section 4.8). As with other antiplatelet 
agents, Clopidogrel should be used with caution in patients who may be at risk of increased bleeding 
from trauma, surgery or other pathological conditions and in patients receiving treatment with ASA, 
heparin, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including 
Cox-2 inhibitors. Patients should be followed carefully for any signs of bleeding including occult 
bleeding,especially during the first weeks of treatment and/or after invasive cardiac procedures or 
surgery. The concomitant administration of Clopidogrel with oral anticoagulants is not recommended 
since it may increase the intensity of bleedings (see section 4.5). 
 
If a patient is to undergo elective surgery and antiplatelet effect is temporarily not desirable, 
Clopidogrel should be discontinued 7 days prior to surgery. Patients should inform physicians and 
dentists that they are taking Clopidogrel before any surgery is scheduled and before any new 
medicinal product is taken. Clopidogrel prolongs bleeding time and should be used with caution in 
patients who have lesions with a propensity to bleed (particularly gastrointestinal and intraocular). 
 
Patients should be told that it might take longer than usual to stop bleeding when they take 
Clopidogrel (alone or in combination with ASA), and that they should report any unusual bleeding 
(site or duration) to their physician.  
 
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) 
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) has been reported very rarely following the use of 
Clopidogrel, sometimes after a short exposure. It is characterised by thrombocytopenia and 
microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia associated with either neurological findings, renal dysfunction 
or fever. TTP is a potentially fatal condition requiring prompt treatment including plasmapheresis.  
 
Recent ischaemic stroke 
In view of the lack of data, Clopidogrel cannot be recommended during the first 7 days after acute 
ischaemic stroke. 

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Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) 
Pharmacogenetics: Based on literature data, patients with genetically reduced CYP2C19 function have 
lower systemic exposure to the active metabolite of Clopidogrel and diminished antiplatelet responses, 
and generally exhibit higher cardiovascular event rates following myocardial infarction than do 
patients with normal CYP2C19 function (see section 5.2). 
 
Since Clopidogrel is metabolised to its active metabolite partly by CYP2C19, use of medicinal 
products that inhibit the activity of this enzyme would be expected to result in reduced drug levels of 
the active metabolite of Clopidogrel. The clinical relevance of this interaction is uncertain. As a 
precaution concomitant use of medicinal products that inhibit CYP2C19 should be discouraged (see 
section 4.5 for a list of CYP2C19 inhibitors, see also section 5.2).  
 
Renal impairment 
Therapeutic experience with Clopidogrel is limited in patients with renal impairment. Therefore 
Clopidogrel should be used with caution in these patients (see section 4.2). 
 
Hepatic impairment 
Experience is limited in patients with moderate hepatic disease who may have bleeding diatheses. 
Clopidogrel should therefore be used with caution in this population (see section 4.2). 
 
Excipients  
Clopidogrel 1A Pharma contains hydrogenated castor oil which may cause stomach upset and 
diarrhoea.  
 
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction 
 
Oral anticoagulants: the concomitant administration of Clopidogrel with oral anticoagulants is not 
recommended since it may increase the intensity of bleedings (see section 4.4). 
 
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors: Clopidogrel should be used with caution in patients who receive 
concomitant glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (see section 4.4). 
 
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA): ASA did not modify the Clopidogrel-mediated inhibition of ADP-induced 
platelet aggregation, but Clopidogrel potentiated the effect of ASA on collagen-induced platelet 
aggregation. However, concomitant administration of 500 mg of ASA twice a day for one day did not 
significantly increase the prolongation of bleeding time induced by Clopidogrel intake. A 
pharmacodynamic interaction between Clopidogrel and acetylsalicylic acid is possible, leading to 
increased risk of bleeding. Therefore, concomitant use should be undertaken with caution (see section 
4.4). However, Clopidogrel and ASA have been administered together for up to one year (see section 
5.1). 
 
Heparin: in a clinical study conducted in healthy subjects, Clopidogrel did not necessitate 
modification of the heparin dose or alter the effect of heparin on coagulation. Co-administration of 
heparin had no effect on the inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by Clopidogrel. A 
pharmacodynamic interaction between Clopidogrel and heparin is possible, leading to increased risk 
of bleeding. Therefore, concomitant use should be undertaken with caution (see section 4.4). 
 
Thrombolytics: the safety of the concomitant administration of Clopidogrel, fibrin or non-fibrin 
specific thrombolytic agents and heparins was assessed in patients with acute myocardial infarction. 
The incidence of clinically significant bleeding was similar to that observed when thrombolytic agents 
and heparin are co-administered with ASA (see section 4.8) 
 

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NSAIDs: in a clinical study conducted in healthy volunteers, the concomitant administration of 
Clopidogrel and naproxen increased occult gastrointestinal blood loss. However, due to the lack of 
interaction studies with other NSAIDs it is presently unclear whether there is an increased risk of 
gastrointestinal bleeding with all NSAIDs. Consequently, NSAIDs including Cox-2 inhibitors and 
Clopidogrel should be co-administered with caution (see section 4.4). 
 
Other concomitant therapy: Since Clopidogrel is metabolised to its active metabolite partly by 
CYP2C19, use of medicinal products that inhibit the activity of this enzyme would be expected to 
result in reduced drug levels of the active metabolite of Clopidogrel. The clinical relevance of this 
interaction is uncertain. As a precaution concomitant use of medicinal products that inhibit CYP2C19 
should be discouraged (see sections 4.4 and 5.2). 
 
Medicinal products that inhibit CYP2C19 include omeprazole and esomeprazole, fluvoxamine, 
fluoxetine, moclobemide, voriconazole, fluconazole, ticlopidine, ciprofloxacin, cimetidine, 
carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine and chloramphenicol. 
 
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI):  
In a crossover clinical study, Clopidogrel (300-mg loading dose followed by 75 mg/day) alone and 
with omeprazole (80 mg at the same time as Clopidogrel) were administered for 5 days. The exposure 
to the active metabolite of Clopidogrel was decreased by 45% (Day 1) and 40% (Day 5) when 
Clopidogrel and omeprazole were administered together. Mean inhibition of platelet aggregation (IPA) 
with 5 μM ADP was diminished by 39% (24 hours) and 21% (Day 5) when Clopidogrel and 
omeprazole were administered together. In another study it was shown that administering Clopidogrel 
and omeprazole 12 hours apart did not prevent their interaction that is likely to be driven by the 
inhibitory effect of omeprazole on CYP2C19. Esomeprazole is expected to give a similar interaction 
with Clopidogrel. 
 
Inconsistent data on the clinical implications of this pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) 
interaction in terms of major cardiovascular events have been reported from both observational and 
clinical studies. As a precaution, concomitant use of omeprazole or esomeprozole should be 
discouraged (see section 4.4). No conclusive data on the pharmacodynamic interaction of Clopidogrel 
and other PPIs are available. 
 
There is no evidence that other medicinal products that reduce stomach acid such as H2 blockers 
(except cimetidine which is a CYP2C19 inhibitor) or antacids interfere with antiplatelet activity of 
Clopidogrel. 
 
Other medicinal products: 
A number of other clinical studies have been conducted with Clopidogrel and other concomitant 
medicinal products to investigate the potential for pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic 
interactions. No clinically significant pharmacodynamic interactions were observed when Clopidogrel 
was co-administered with atenolol, nifedipine, or both atenolol and nifedipine. Furthermore, the 
pharmacodynamic activity of Clopidogrel was not significantly influenced by the coadministration of 
phenobarbital, or oestrogen. 
 
The pharmacokinetics of digoxin or theophylline were not modified by the co-administration of 
Clopidogrel. Antacids did not modify the extent of Clopidogrel absorption. 
 
Data from studies with human liver microsomes indicated that the carboxylic acid metabolite of 
Clopidogrel could inhibit the activity of Cytochrome P450 2C9. This could potentially lead to 
increased plasma levels of medicinal products such as phenytoin and tolbutamide and the NSAIDs, 
which are metabolised by Cytochrome P450 2C9. Data from the CAPRIE study indicate that 
phenytoin and tolbutamide can be safely co-administered with Clopidogrel. 
 
Apart from the specific medicinal products interaction information described above, interaction studies 
with Clopidogrel and some medicinal products commonly administered in patients with 
atherothrombotic disease have not been performed. However, patients entered into clinical trials with 

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Clopidogrel received a variety of concomitant medicinal products including diuretics, beta blockers, 
ACEI, calcium antagonists, cholesterol lowering agents, coronary vasodilators, antidiabetic agents 
(including insulin), antiepileptic agents, and GPIIb/IIIa antagonists without evidence of clinically 
significant adverse interactions. 
 
4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation 
 
As no clinical data on exposure to Clopidogrel during pregnancy are available, it is preferable not to 
use Clopidogrel during pregnancy as a precautionary measure. 
Animal studies do not indicate direct or indirect harmful effects with respect to pregnancy, 
embryonal/foetal development, parturition or postnatal development (see section 5.3).  
 
It is unknown whether Clopidogrel is excreted in human breast milk. Animal studies have shown 
excretion of Clopidogrel in breast milk. As a precautionary measure, breast-feeding should not be 
continued during treatment with Clopidogrel. 
 
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines 
 
Clopidogrel has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines. 
 
4.8 Undesirable effects 
 
Clopidogrel has been evaluated for safety in more than 42,000 patients who have participated in 
clinical studies, including over 9,000 patients treated for 1 year or more. The clinically relevant 
adverse reactions observed in the CAPRIE, CURE, CLARITY and COMMIT studies are discussed 
below. Overall, Clopidogrel 75 mg/day was comparable to ASA 325 mg/day in CAPRIE regardless of 
age, gender and race. In addition to clinical studies experience, adverse reactions have been 
spontaneously reported. 
 
Bleeding is the most common reaction reported both in clinical studies as well as in post-marketing 
experience where it was mostly reported during the first month of treatment. 
 
In CAPRIE, in patients treated with either Clopidogrel or ASA, the overall incidence of any bleeding 
was 9.3%. The incidence of severe cases was 1.4% for Clopidogrel and 1.6% for ASA. 
 
In CURE, the major bleeding event rate for Clopidogrel+ASA was dose-dependent on ASA 
(< 100 mg: 2.6%; 100-200 mg: 3.5%; >200 mg: 4.9%) as was the major bleeding event rate for 
placebo+ASA (< 100 mg: 2.0%; 100-200 mg: 2.3%; >200 mg: 4.0%). The risk of bleeding 
(life-threatening, major, minor, other) decreased during the course of the trial: 0-1 months 
(Clopidogrel: 9.6%; placebo: 6.6%), 1-3 months (Clopidogrel: 4.5%; placebo: 2.3%), 3-6 months 
(Clopidogrel: 3.8%; placebo: 1.6%), 6-9 months (Clopidogrel: 3.2%; placebo: 1.5%), 9-12 months 
(Clopidogrel: 1.9%; placebo: 1.0%). 
There was no excess in major bleeds with Clopidogrel + ASA within 7 days after coronary bypass 
graft surgery in patients who stopped therapy more than five days prior to surgery (4.4% 
Clopidogrel+ASA vs. 5.3% placebo+ASA). In patients who remained on therapy within five days of 
bypass graft surgery, the event rate was 9.6% for Clopidogrel+ASA, and 6.3% for placebo+ASA. 
 
In CLARITY, there was an overall increase in bleeding in the Clopidogrel + ASA group (17.4%) vs. 
the placebo + ASA group (12.9%).The incidence of major bleeding was similar between groups (1.3% 
versus 1.1% for the Clopidogrel + ASA and the placebo + ASA groups, respectively). This was 
consistent across subgroups of patients defined by baseline characteristics, and type of fibrinolytic or 
heparin therapy. 
 
In COMMIT, the overall rate of noncerebral major bleeding or cerebral bleeding was low and similar 
in both groups (0.6% versus 0.5% in the Clopidogrel + ASA and the placebo + ASA groups, 
respectively). 
 

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Adverse reactions that occurred either during clinical studies or that were spontaneously reported are 
presented in the table below. Their frequency is defined using the following conventions: common 
(≥ 1/100 to < 1/10); uncommon (≥ 1/1,000 to < 1/100); rare (≥ 1/10,000 to < 1/1,000); very rare 
(< 1/10,000). Within each system organ class, adverse drug reactions are presented in order of 
decreasing seriousness. 
 

System Organ 
Class  

Common  Uncommon  Rare  Very rare  

Blood and the 
lymphatic 
system disorders  

 Thrombocytopenia, 
leucopenia, 
eosinophilia  

Neutropenia, 
including severe 
neutropenia  

Thrombotic 
thrombocytopenic 
purpura (TTP) (see 
section 4.4), aplastic 
anaemia, 
pancytopenia, 
agranulocytosis, 
severe 
thrombocytopenia, 
granulocytopenia, 
anaemia  

Immune system 
disorders  

   Serum sickness, 
anaphylactoid 
reactions  

Psychiatric 
disorders  

   Hallucinations, 
confusion  

Nervous system 
disorders  

 Intracranial 
bleeding (some 
cases were reported 
with fatal 
outcome), 
headache, 
paraesthesia, 
dizziness  

 Taste disturbances  

Eye disorders   Eye bleeding 
(conjunctival, 
ocular, retinal)  

  

Ear and 
labyrinth 
disorders  

  Vertigo   

Vascular 
disorders  

Haematoma    Serious 
haemorrhage, 
haemorrhage of 
operative wound, 
vasculitis, 
hypotension  

Respiratory, 
thoracic and 
mediastinal 
disorders  

Epistaxis    Respiratory tract 
bleeding 
(haemoptysis, 
pulmonary 
haemorrhage), 
bronchospasm, 
interstitial 
pneumonitis  

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Gastrointestinal 
disorders  

Gastrointestinal 
haemorrhage, 
diarrhoea, 
abdominal pain, 
dyspepsia  

Gastric ulcer and 
duodenal ulcer, 
gastritis, vomiting, 
nausea, constipation, 
flatulence  

Retroperitoneal 
haemorrhage  

Gastrointestinal and 
retroperitoneal 
haemorrhage with 
fatal outcome, 
pancreatitis, colitis 
(including ulcerative 
or lymphocytic 
colitis), stomatitis  

Hepato-biliary 
disorders  

   Acute liver failure, 
hepatitis, abnormal 
liver function test  

Skin and 
subcutaneous 
tissue disorders  

Bruising  Rash, pruritus, skin 
bleeding (purpura)  

 Bullous dermatitis 
(toxic epidermal 
necrolysis, Stevens 
Johnson Syndrome, 
erythema 
multiforme), 
angioedema, rash 
erythematous, 
urticaria, eczema, 
lichen planus  

Musculoskeletal
, connective 
tissue and bone 
disorders  

   Musculo-skeletal 
bleeding 
(haemarthrosis), 
arthritis, arthralgia, 
myalgia  

Renal and 
urinary 
disorders  

 Haematuria   Glomerulonephritis, 
blood creatinine 
increased  

General 
disorders and 
administration 
site conditions  

Bleeding at 
puncture site  

  Fever  

Investigations   Bleeding time 
prolonged, 
neutrophil count 
decreased, platelet 
count decreased  

  

 
4.9 Overdose 
 
Overdose following Clopidogrel administration may lead to prolonged bleeding time and subsequent 
bleeding complications. Appropriate therapy should be considered if bleedings are observed. No 
antidote to the pharmacological activity of Clopidogrel has been found. If prompt correction of 
prolonged bleeding time is required, platelet transfusion may reverse the effects of Clopidogrel. 
 
 
5. PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES 
 
5.1  Pharmacodynamic properties 
 
Pharmacotherapeutic group: platelet aggregation inhibitors excl. heparin,  
ATC Code: B01AC-04.  
 

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Clopidogrel is a prodrug, one of whose metabolites is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Clopidogrel 
must be metabolised by CYP450 enzymes to produce the active metabolite that inhibits platelet 
aggregation. The active metabolite of Clopidogrel selectively inhibits the binding of adenosine 
diphosphate (ADP) to its platelet P2Y12 receptor and the subsequent ADP-mediated activation of the 
glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa complex, thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation. Due to the irreversible 
binding, platelets exposed are affected for the remainder of their lifespan (approximately 7 - 10 days) 
and recovery of normal platelet function occurs at a rate consistent with platelet turnover. Platelet 
aggregation induced by agonists other than ADP is also inhibited by blocking the amplification of 
platelet activation by released ADP. 
 
Because the active metabolite is formed by CYP450 enzymes, some of which are polymorphic or 
subject to inhibition by other drugs, not all patients will have adequate platelet inhibition. 
 
Repeated doses of 75 mg per day produced substantial inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation 
from the first day; this increased progressively and reached steady state between Day 3 and Day 7. At 
steady state, the average inhibition level observed with a dose of 75 mg per day was between 40% and 
60%. Platelet aggregation and bleeding time gradually returned to baseline values, generally within 5 
days after treatment was discontinued.  
 
The safety and efficacy of Clopidogrel have been evaluated in 4 double-blind studies involving over 
80,000 patients: the CAPRIE study, a comparison of Clopidogrel to ASA, and the CURE, CLARITY 
and COMMIT studies comparing Clopidogrel to placebo, both medicinal products given in 
combination with ASA and other standard therapy. 
 
Recent myocardial infarction (MI), recent stroke or established peripheral arterial disease 
 
The CAPRIE study included 19,185 patients with atherothrombosis as manifested by recent 
myocardial infarction (< 35 days), recent ischaemic stroke (between 7 days and 6 months) or 
established peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Patients were randomised to Clopidogrel 75 mg/day or 
ASA 325 mg/day, and were followed for 1 to 3 years. In the myocardial infarction subgroup, most of 
the patients received ASA for the first few days following the acute myocardial infarction.  
 
Clopidogrel significantly reduced the incidence of new ischaemic events (combined end point of 
myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke and vascular death) when compared to ASA. In the intention 
to treat analysis, 939 events were observed in the Clopidogrel group and 1,020 events with ASA 
(relative risk reduction (RRR) 8.7%, [95% CI: 0.2 to 16.4]; p = 0.045), which corresponds, for every 
1,000 patients treated for 2 years, to 10 [CI: 0 to 20] additional patients being prevented from 
experiencing a new ischaemic event. Analysis of total mortality as a secondary endpoint did not show 
any significant difference between Clopidogrel (5.8%) and ASA (6.0%).  
 
In a subgroup analysis by qualifying condition (myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and PAD) the 
benefit appeared to be strongest (achieving statistical significance at p = 0.003) in patients enrolled due 
to PAD (especially those who also had a history of myocardial infarction) (RRR = 23.7%; CI: 8.9 to 
36.2) and weaker (not significantly different from ASA) in stroke patients (RRR = 7.3%; CI: -5.7 to 
18.7 [p = 0.258]). In patients who were enrolled in the trial on the sole basis of a recent myocardial 
infarction, Clopidogrel was numerically inferior, but not statistically different from ASA 
(RRR = -4.0%; CI: -22.5 to 11.7 [p = 0.639]). In addition, a subgroup analysis by age suggested that 
the benefit of Clopidogrel in patients over 75 years was less than that observed in patients ≤75 years.  
 
Since the CAPRIE trial was not powered to evaluate efficacy of individual subgroups, it is not clear 
whether the differences in relative risk reduction across qualifying conditions are real, or a result of 
chance. 
 

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Acute coronary syndrome 
 
The CURE study included 12,562 patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome 
(unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction), and presenting within 24 hours of onset of the 
most recent episode of chest pain or symptoms consistent with ischaemia. Patients were required to 
have either ECG changes compatible with new ischaemia or elevated cardiac enzymes or troponin I or 
T to at least twice the upper limit of normal. Patients were randomised to Clopidogrel (300 mg loading 
dose followed by 75 mg/day, N = 6,259) or placebo (N = 6,303), both given in combination with ASA 
(75-325 mg once daily) and other standard therapies. Patients were treated for up to one year. In 
CURE, 823 (6.6%) patients received concomitant GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist therapy. Heparins 
were administered in more than 90% of the patients and the relative rate of bleeding between 
Clopidogrel and placebo was not significantly affected by the concomitant heparin therapy.  
 
The number of patients experiencing the primary endpoint [cardiovascular (CV) death, myocardial 
infarction (MI), or stroke] was 582 (9.3%) in the Clopidogrel-treated group and 719 (11.4%) in the 
placebo-treated group, a 20% relative risk reduction (95% CI of 10%-28%; p = 0.00009) for the 
Clopidogrel-treated group (17% relative risk reduction when patients were treated conservatively, 29% 
when they underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with or without stent 
and 10% when they underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). New cardiovascular events 
(primary endpoint) were prevented, with relative risk reductions of 22% (CI: 8.6, 33.4), 32% (CI: 12.8, 
46.4), 4% (CI: -26.9, 26.7), 6% (CI: -33.5, 34.3) and 14% (CI: -31.6, 44.2), during the 0-1, 1-3, 3-6, 
6-9 and 9-12 month study intervals, respectively. Thus, beyond 3 months of treatment, the benefit 
observed in the Clopidogrel + ASA group was not further increased, whereas the risk of haemorrhage 
persisted (see section 4.4).  
 
The use of Clopidogrel in CURE was associated with a decrease in the need of thrombolytic therapy 
(RRR = 43.3%; CI: 24.3%, 57.5%) and GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors (RRR = 18.2%; CI: 6.5%, 28.3%).  
 
The number of patients experiencing the co-primary endpoint (CV death, MI, stroke or refractory 
ischaemia) was 1,035 (16.5%) in the Clopidogrel-treated group and 1,187 (18.8%) in the 
placebo-treated group, a 14% relative risk reduction (95% CI of 6%-21%, p = 0.0005) for the 
Clopidogrel-treated group. This benefit was mostly driven by the statistically significant reduction in 
the incidence of MI [287 (4.6%) in the Clopidogrel treated group and 363 (5.8%) in the placebo 
treated group]. There was no observed effect on the rate of rehospitalisation for unstable angina.  
 
The results obtained in populations with different characteristics (e.g. unstable angina or non-Q-wave 
MI, low to high risk levels, diabetes, need for revascularisation, age, gender, etc.) were consistent with 
the results of the primary analysis. In particular, in a post-hoc analysis in 2,172 patients (17% of the 
total CURE population) who underwent stent placement (Stent-CURE), the data showed that 
Clopidogrel compared to placebo, demonstrated a significant RRR of 26.2% favouring Clopidogrel for 
the co-primary endpoint (CV death, MI, stroke) and also a significant RRR of 23.9% for the second 
co-primary endpoint (CV death, MI, stroke or refractory ischaemia). Moreover, the safety profile of 
Clopidogrel in this subgroup of patients did not raise any particular concern. Thus, the results from 
this subset are in line with the overall trial results. 
 
The benefits observed with Clopidogrel were independent of other acute and long-term cardiovascular 
therapies (such as heparin/LMWH, GPIIb/IIIa antagonists, lipid lowering medicinal products, beta 
blockers, and ACE-inhibitors). The efficacy of Clopidogrel was observed independently of the dose of 
ASA (75-325 mg once daily).  
 
In patients with acute ST-segment elevation MI, safety and efficacy of Clopidogrel have been 
evaluated in 2 randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies, CLARITY and COMMIT.  
 
The CLARITY trial included 3,491 patients presenting within 12 hours of the onset of a ST elevation 
MI and planned for thrombolytic therapy. Patients received Clopidogrel (300 mg loading dose, 
followed by 75 mg/day, n = 1752) or placebo (n = 1,739), both in combination with ASA (150 to 
325 mg as a loading dose, followed by 75 to 162 mg/day), a fibrinolytic agent and, when appropriate, 

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heparin. The patients were followed for 30 days. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of the 
composite of an occluded infarct-related artery on the predischarge angiogram, or death or recurrent 
MI before coronary angiography. For patients who did not undergo angiography, the primary endpoint 
was death or recurrent myocardial infarction by Day 8 or by hospital discharge. The patient population 
included 19.7% women and 29.2% patients ≥ 65 years. A total of 99.7% of patients received 
fibrinolytics (fibrin specific: 68.7%, non-fibrin specific: 31.1%), 89.5% heparin, 78.7% beta blockers, 
54.7% ACE inhibitors and 63% statins.  
 
Fifteen percent (15.0%) of patients in the Clopidogrel group and 21.7% in the placebo group reached 
the primary endpoint, representing an absolute reduction of 6.7% and a 36% odds reduction in favour 
of Clopidogrel (95% CI: 24, 47%; p < 0.001), mainly related to a reduction in occluded infarct-related 
arteries. This benefit was consistent across all prespecified subgroups including patients’ age and 
gender, infarct location, and type of fibrinolytic or heparin used. 
 
The 2x2 factorial design COMMIT trial included 45,852 patients presenting within 24 hours of the 
onset of the symptoms of suspected MI with supporting ECG abnormalities (i.e. ST elevation, ST 
depression or left bundle-branch block). Patients received Clopidogrel (75 mg/day, n = 22,961) or 
placebo (n = 22,891), in combination with ASA (162 mg/day), for 28 days or until hospital discharge. 
The co-primary endpoints were death from any cause and the first occurrence of re-infarction, stroke 
or death. The population included 27.8% women, 58.4% patients ≥ 60 years (26% ≥ 70 years) and 
54.5% patients who received fibrinolytics. 
 
Clopidogrel significantly reduced the relative risk of death from any cause by 7% (p = 0.029), and the 
relative risk of the combination of re-infarction, stroke or death by 9% (p = 0.002), representing an 
absolute reduction of 0.5% and 0.9%, respectively. This benefit was consistent across age, gender and 
with or without fibrinolytics, and was observed as early as 24 hours. 
 
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties 
 
Absorption 
After single and repeated oral doses of 75 mg per day, Clopidogrel is rapidly absorbed. Mean peak 
plasma levels of unchanged Clopidogrel (approximately 2.2 - 2.5 ng/ml after a single 75 mg oral dose) 
occurred approximately 45 minutes after dosing. Absorption is at least 50%, based on urinary 
excretion of Clopidogrel metabolites. 
 
Distribution 
Clopidogrel and the main circulating (inactive) metabolite bind reversibly in vitro to human plasma 
proteins (98% and 94% respectively). The binding is non-saturable in vitro over a wide concentration 
range. 
 
Metabolism 
Clopidogrel is extensively metabolised by the liver. In vitro and in vivo, Clopidogrel is metabolised 
according to two main metabolic pathways: one mediated by esterases and leading to hydrolysis into 
its inactive carboxylic acid derivative (85% of circulating metabolites), and one mediated by multiple 
cytochromes P450. Clopidogrel is first metabolised to a 2-oxo-Clopidogrel intermediate metabolite. 
Subsequent metabolism of the 2-oxo-Clopidogrel intermediate metabolite results in formation of the 
active metabolite, a thiol derivative of Clopidogrel. In vitro, this metabolic pathway is mediated by 
CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP1A2 and CYP2B6. The active thiol metabolite which has been isolated in 
vitro, binds rapidly and irreversibly to platelet receptors, thus inhibiting platelet aggregation.  
 
Elimination 
Following an oral dose of 14C-labelled Clopidogrel in man, approximately 50% was excreted in the 
urine and approximately 46% in the faeces in the 120-hour interval after dosing. After a single oral 
dose of 75 mg, Clopidogrel has a half-life of approximately 6 hours. The elimination half-life of the 
main circulating (inactive) metabolite was 8 hours after single and repeated administration. 
 

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Pharmacogenetics 
Several polymorphic CYP450 enzymes activate Clopidogrel. CYP2C19 is involved in the formation 
of both the active metabolite and the 2-oxo-Clopidogrel intermediate metabolite. Clopidogrel active 
metabolite pharmacokinetics and antiplatelet effects, as measured by ex vivo platelet aggregation 
assays, differ according to CYP2C19 genotype. The CYP2C19*1 allele corresponds to fully functional 
metabolism while the CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 alleles correspond to reduced metabolism. The 
CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 alleles account for 85% of reduced function alleles in whites and 99% 
in Asians. Other alleles associated with reduced metabolism include CYP2C19*4, *5, *6, *7, and *8, 
but these are less frequent in the general population. Published frequencies for the common CYP2C19 
phenotypes and genotypes are listed in the table below. 
 

CYP2C19 Phenotype and Genotype Frequency 
 

Frequency (%)  
White 

(n=1356) 
Black 

(n=966) 
Chinese 
(n=573) 

Extensive metabolism: CYP2C19*1/*1 74 66 38 
Intermediate metabolism:  
CYP2C19*1/*2 or *1/*3 

26 29 50 

Poor metabolism:  
CYP2C19*2/*2, *2/*3 or *3/*3 

2 4 14 

 
To date, the impact of CYP2C19 genotype on the pharmacokinetics of the active metabolite of 
Clopidogrel has been evaluated in 227 subjects from 7 reported studies. Reduced CYP2C19 
metabolism in intermediate and poor metabolisers decreased the Cmax and AUC of the active 
metabolite by 30-50% following 300- or 600 - mg loading doses and 75 - mg maintenance doses. 
Lower active metabolite exposure results in less platelet inhibition or higher residual platelet 
reactivity. To date, diminished antiplatelet responses to Clopidogrel have been described for 
intermediate and poor metabolisers in 21 reported studies involving 4,520 subjects. The relative 
difference in antiplatelet response between genotype groups varies across studies depending on the 
method used to evaluate response, but is typically greater than 30%. 
 
The association between CYP2C19 genotype and Clopidogrel treatment outcome was evaluated in 2 
post hoc clinical trial analyses (substudies of CLARITY [n = 465] and TRITON-TIMI 38 [n = 1,477]) 
and 5 cohort studies (total n = 6,489). In CLARITY and one of the cohort studies (n = 765; Trenk), 
cardiovascular event rates did not differ significantly by genotype. In TRITON-TIMI 38 and 3 of the 
cohort studies (n = 3,516; Collet, Sibbing, Giusti), patients with an impaired metaboliser status 
(intermediate and poor combined) had a higher rate of cardiovascular events (death, myocardial 
infarction, and stroke) or stent thrombosis compared to extensive metabolisers. In the fifth cohort 
study (n = 2,208; Simon), the increased event rate was observed only in poor metabolisers. 
 
Pharmacogenetic testing can identify genotypes associated with variability in CYP2C19 activity. 
 
There may be genetic variants of other CYP450 enzymes with effects on the ability to form the active 
metabolite of Clopidogrel. 
 
Special populations 
 
The pharmacokinetics of the active metabolite of Clopidogrel is not known in these special 
populations. 
 
Renal impairment 
After repeated doses of 75 mg Clopidogrel per day in subjects with severe renal disease (creatinine 
clearance from 5 to 15 ml/min), inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation was lower (25%) than 
that observed in healthy subjects, however, the prolongation of bleeding time was similar to that seen 

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in healthy subjects receiving 75 mg of Clopidogrel per day. In addition, clinical tolerance was good in 
all patients. 
 
Hepatic impairment 
After repeated doses of 75 mg Clopidogrel per day for 10 days in patients with severe hepatic 
impairment, inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation was similar to that observed in healthy 
subjects. The mean bleeding time prolongation was also similar in the two groups. 
 
Race 
The prevalence of CYP2C19 alleles that result in intermediate and poor CYP2C19 metabolism differs 
according to race/ethnicity (see Pharmacogenetics). From literature, limited data in Asian populations 
are available to assess the clinical implication of genotyping of this CYP on clinical outcome events. 
 
5.3 Preclinical safety data 
 
During non clinical studies in rat and baboon, the most frequently observed effects were liver changes. 
These occurred at doses representing at least 25 times the exposure seen in humans receiving the 
clinical dose of 75 mg/day and were a consequence of an effect on hepatic metabolising enzymes. No 
effect on hepatic metabolising enzymes was observed in humans receiving Clopidogrel at the 
therapeutic dose. 
 
At very high doses, a poor gastric tolerability (gastritis, gastric erosions and/or vomiting) of 
Clopidogrel was also reported in rat and baboon. 
 
There was no evidence of carcinogenic effect when Clopidogrel was administered for 78 weeks to 
mice and 104 weeks to rats when given at doses up to 77 mg/kg per day (representing at least 25 times 
the exposure seen in humans receiving the clinical dose of 75 mg/day). 
 
Clopidogrel has been tested in a range of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity studies, and showed no 
genotoxic activity. 
 
Clopidogrel was found to have no effect on the fertility of male and female rats and was not 
teratogenic in either rats or rabbits. When given to lactating rats, Clopidogrel caused a slight delay in 
the development of the offspring. Specific pharmacokinetic studies performed with radiolabelled 
Clopidogrel have shown that the parent compound or its metabolites are excreted in the milk. 
Consequently, a direct effect (slight toxicity), or an indirect effect (low palatability) cannot be 
excluded. 
 
 
6. PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS 
 
6.1 List of excipients 
 
Tablet core: 
Macrogol 6000 
Cellulose, microcrystalline (E460) 
Crospovidone type A 
Castor oil, hydrogenated 
 
Film-coating: 
Macrogol 6000 
Ethylcellulose (E462) 
Titanium dioxide (E 171) 
 
6.2 Incompatibilities 
 
Not applicable 

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6.3 Shelf life 
 
3 years 
 
6.4 Special precautions for storage 
 
Store in the original blister in order to protect from moisture. 
 
6.5 Nature and contents of container 
 
Alu/Alu blisters containing 14, 28, 30, 50, 84, 90 and 100 film-coated tablets packed in cardboard 
cartons. 
 
Not all pack sizes may be marketed. 
 
6.6 Special precautions for disposal  
 
No special requirements 
 
 
7. MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER 
 
Acino Pharma GmbH 
Am Windfeld 35 
83714 Miesbach  
Germany 
 
 
8. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)  
 
EU/1/09/542/001 – 007 
 
 
9. DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION 
 
28.07.2009 
 
 
10. DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT 
 
Detailed information on this medicinal product is available on the website of the European Medicines 
Agency: http://www.ema.europa.eu/ 

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ANNEX II 
 

A. MANUFACTURING AUTHORISATION HOLDER 
RESPONSIBLE FOR BATCH RELEASE 

 
B. CONDITIONS OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION 

 

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A. MANUFACTURING AUTHORISATION HOLDER RESPONSIBLE FOR BATCH 
RELEASE 

 
Name and address of the manufacturers responsible for batch release 
 
Acino AG 
Am Windfeld 35 
83714 Miesbach 
Germany 
 
Salutas Pharma GmbH 
Otto-von-Guericke-Allee 1 
39179 Barleben 
Germany 
 
 
B. CONDITIONS OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION 
 
 CONDITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS REGARDING SUPPLY AND USE IMPOSED ON 

THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER 
 
Medicinal product subject to medical prescription. 
 
 CONDITIONS OR RESTRICTIONS WITH REGARD TO THE SAFE AND 

EFFECTIVE USE OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT 
 
Not applicable. 
 
 OTHER CONDITIONS 
 
Pharmacovigilance system 
The MAH must ensure that the system of pharmacovigilance, as described in version 3.0 presented in 
Module 1.8.1. of the Marketing Authorisation Application, is in place and functioning before and 
whilst the product is on the market. 
 
Risk Management Plan 
Not applicable. 
The application is based on a reference medicinal product for which no safety concerns requiring 
additional risk minimisation activities have been identified. 
 
PSURs 
The PSUR submission schedule should follow the PSUR schedule for the reference product. 
 
 
 
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ANNEX III 
 

LABELLING AND PACKAGE LEAFLET 

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A. LABELLING 
 

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PARTICULARS TO APPEAR ON THE OUTER PACKAGING 
 
OUTER CARTON 
 
 
1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT 
 
Clopidogre 1A Pharma 75 mg film-coated tablets  
Clopidogrel 
 
2. STATEMENT OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCE(S) 
 
Each film-coated tablet contains 75 mg of Clopidogrel (as besilate). 
 
3. LIST OF EXCIPIENTS 
 
It also contains hydrogenated castor oil. See leaflet for further information. 
 
4. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM AND CONTENTS 
 
14 film-coated tablets 
28 film-coated tablets 
30 film-coated tablets 
50 film-coated tablets 
84 film-coated tablets 
90 film-coated tablets 
100 film-coated tablets 
 
5. METHOD AND ROUTE(S) OF ADMINISTRATION 
 
Read the package leaflet before use. 
 
Oral use. 
 
6. SPECIAL WARNING THAT THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT MUST BE STORED OUT 

OF THE REACH AND SIGHT OF CHILDREN 
 
Keep out of the reach and sight of children.  
 
7. OTHER SPECIAL WARNING(S), IF NECESSARY 
 
 
8. EXPIRY DATE 
 
EXP 
 
9. SPECIAL STORAGE CONDITIONS 
 
Store in the original blister in order to protect from moisture. 

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10. SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS FOR DISPOSAL OF UNUSED MEDICINAL PRODUCTS 
OR WASTE MATERIALS DERIVED FROM SUCH MEDICINAL PRODUCTS, IF 
APPROPRIATE 
 
 
11. NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER 
 
Acino Pharma GmbH 
Am Windfeld 35 
83714 Miesbach 
Germany 
 
12. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)  
 
EU/1/09/542/001 
EU/1/09/542/002 
EU/1/09/542/003 
EU/1/09/542/004 
EU/1/09/542/005 
EU/1/09/542/006 
EU/1/09/542/007 
 
 
13. BATCH NUMBER 
 
Batch 
 
14. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION FOR SUPPLY 
 
Medicinal product subject to medical prescription. 
  
15. INSTRUCTIONS ON USE 
 
 
16. INFORMATION IN BRAILLE 
 
Clopidogrel 1A Pharma 75 mg 

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MINIMUM PARTICULARS TO APPEAR ON BLISTERS OR STRIPS 
 
BLISTER 
 
 
1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT 
 
Clopidogrel 1A Pharma 75 mg film-coated tablets 
 
Clopidogrel 
 
2. NAME OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER 
 
Acino Pharma GmbH 
 
3. EXPIRY DATE 
 
EXP 
 
4. BATCH NUMBER 
 
Batch 
 
5. OTHER 
 

21 

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22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

B. PACKAGE LEAFLET 
 

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23 

PACKAGE LEAFLET: INFORMATION FOR THE USER 
 

Clopidogrel 1A Pharma 75 mg film-coated tablets 
Clopidogrel  

 
Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start taking this medicine. 
- Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again. 
- If you have any further questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist. 
- This medicine has been prescribed for you. Do not pass it on to others. It may harm them, 

even if their symptoms are the same as yours. 
- If any of the side effects gets serious, or if you notice any side effects not listed in this leaflet, 

please tell your doctor or pharmacist, 
 
In this leaflet:  
1. What Clopidogrel 1A Pharma is and what it is used for 
2. Before you take Clopidogrel 1A Pharma 
3. How to take Clopidogrel 1A Pharma 
4. Possible side effects 
5.  How to store Clopidogrel 1A Pharma 
6. Further information 
 
 
1. WHAT CLOPIDOGREL 1A PHARMA IS AND WHAT IT IS USED FOR 
 
Clopidogrel 1A Pharma contains the active ingredient Clopidogrel which belongs to a group of 
medicines called antiplatelet medicinal products. Platelets (so-called thrombocytes) are very small 
structures, which clump together during blood clotting. By preventing this clumping, antiplatelet 
medicinal products reduce the chances of blood clots forming (a process called thrombosis). 
  
Clopidogrel 1A Pharma is taken to prevent blood clots (thrombi) forming in hardened blood vessels 
(arteries), a process known as atherothrombosis, which can lead to atherothrombotic events (such as 
stroke, heart attack, or death). 
 
You have been prescribed Clopidogrel 1A Pharma to help prevent blood clots and reduce the risk of 
these severe events because: 
- You have a condition of hardening of arteries (also known as atherosclerosis), and  
- You have previously experienced a heart attack, stroke or have a condition known as 

peripheral arterial disease (disturbed blood flow in arms or legs caused by vascular 
occlusions) or 

- You have experienced a severe type of chest pain known as ‘unstable angina’ or ‘myocardial 
infarction’ (heart attack). For the treatment of this condition your doctor may have placed a 
stent in the blocked or narrowed artery to restore effective blood flow. You should also be 
given acetylsalicylic acid (a substance present in many medicines used to relieve pain and 
lower fever as well as to prevent blood clotting) by your doctor. 

 
 
2. BEFORE YOU TAKE CLOPIDOGREL 1A PHARMA 
 
Do not take Clopidogrel 1A Pharma: 
 If you are allergic (hypersensitive) to Clopidogrel or any of the other ingredients of 

Clopidogrel 1A Pharma; 
 If you have a medical condition that is currently causing bleeding such as a stomach ulcer or 

bleeding within the brain; 
 If you suffer from severe liver disease. 

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24 

 
If you think any of these apply to you, or if you are in any doubt at all, consult your doctor before 
taking Clopidogrel 1A Pharma. 
 
Take special care with Clopidogrel 1A Pharma: 
If any of the situations mentioned below apply to you, you should tell your doctor before taking 
Clopidogrel 1A Pharma: 
 if you have a risk of bleeding such as 

-  a medical condition that puts you at risk of internal bleeding (such as a stomach ulcer) 
-  a blood disorder that makes you prone to internal bleeding (bleeding inside any tissues, 

organs or joints of your body) 
-  a recent serious injury 
-  a recent surgery (including dental) 
-  a planned surgery (including dental) in the next seven days 

 
 if you have had a clot in an artery of your brain (ischaemic stroke) which occurred within the 

last seven days 
 if you have kidney or liver disease 
 
While you are taking Clopidogrel 1A Pharma: 
 You should tell your doctor if a surgery (including dental) is planned. 
 You should also tell your doctor immediately if you develop a medical condition (also known 

as Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura or TTP) that includes fever and bruising under the 
skin that may appear as red pinpoint dots, with or without unexplained extreme tiredness, 
confusion, yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice) (see section 4 ‘POSSIBLE SIDE 
EFFECTS’). 

 If you cut or injure yourself, it may take longer than usual for bleeding to stop. This is linked 
to the way your medicine works as it prevents the ability of blood clots to form. For minor 
cuts and injuries e.g., cutting yourself, shaving, this is usually of no concern. However, if you 
are concerned by your bleeding, you should contact your doctor straightaway (see section 4 
‘POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS’). 

 Your doctor may order blood tests. 
 

Children and adolescents 
Clopidogrel 1A Pharma is not intended for use in children or adolescents. 
 
Taking other medicines 
Please tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking or have recently taken any other medicines, 
including medicines obtained without a prescription.  
Some other medicines may influence the use of Clopidogrel 1A Pharmaor vice versa.  
 
You should specifically tell your doctor if you take 
- oral anticoagulants, medicines used to reduce blood clotting, 
- a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicine, usually used to treat painful and/or inflammatory 

conditions of muscle or joints 
- heparin or any other medicine used to reduce blood clotting 
- a proton pump inhibitor (e.g, omeprazole) for upset stomach 
- fluconazole, voriconazole, ciprofloxacin, or chloramphenicol, medicines to treat bacterial and 

fungal infections 
- cimetidine, medicine to treat upset stomach 
- fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, or moclobemide, medicines to treat depression 
- carbamazepine, or oxcarbazepine, medicines to treat some forms of epilepsy 
- ticlopidine, other antiplatelet agent. 
 

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25 

If you have experienced severe chest pain (unstable angina or heart attack), you may be prescribed 
Clopidogrel 1A Pharma in combination with acetylsalicylic acid, a substance present in many 
medicines used to relieve pain and lower fever. An occasional use of acetylsalicylic acid (no more 
than 1,000 mg in any 24 hour period) should generally not cause a problem, but prolonged use in other 
circumstances should be discussed with your doctor. 
 
Taking Clopidogrel 1A Pharma with food and drink 
Clopidogrel 1A Pharma may be taken with or without food. 
 
Pregnancy and breast-feeding 
It is preferable not to use this product during pregnancy and breast-feeding. 
 
If you are pregnant or suspect that you are pregnant, you should tell your doctor or your pharmacist 
before taking Clopidogrel 1A Pharma. If you become pregnant while taking Clopidogrel 1A Pharma, 
consult your doctor immediately as it is recommended not to take Clopidogrel while you are pregnant. 
 
While taking Clopidogrel 1A Pharma, consult your doctor about the breast-feeding of a baby.  
 
Ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking any medicine. 
 
Driving and using machines 
Clopidogrel 1A Pharma is unlikely to affect your ability to drive or to use machines. 
 
Important information about some of the ingredients of Clopidogrel 1A Pharma: 
Clopidogrel 1A Pharma contains hydrogenated castor oil which may cause stomach upset or diarrhoea. 
 
 
3.  HOW TO TAKE CLOPIDOGREL 1A PHARMA 
 
Always take Clopidogrel 1A Pharma exactly as your doctor has told you. You should check with your 
doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure.  
  
If you have experienced severe chest pain (unstable angina or heart attack), your doctor may give you 
300 mg of Clopidogrel 1A Pharma (4 tablets of 75 mg) once at the start of treatment. Then, the usual 
dose is one 75 mg tablet of Clopidogrel 1A Pharma per day to be taken orally with or without food, 
and at the same time each day. 
 
You should take Clopidogrel 1A Pharma for as long as your doctor continues to prescribe it. 
 
If you take more Clopidogrel 1A Pharma than you should 
Contact your doctor or the nearest hospital emergency department because of the increased risk of 
bleeding. 
 
If you forget to take Clopidogrel 1A Pharma 
If you forget to take a dose of Clopidogrel 1A Pharma, but remember within 12 hours of your usual 
time, take your tablet straight away and then take your next tablet at the usual time. If you forget for 
more than 12 hours, simply take the next single dose at the usual time. Do not take a double dose to 
make up for the forgotten individual doses.  
 
If you stop taking Clopidogrel 1A Pharma 
Do not stop the treatment. Contact your doctor or pharmacist before stopping.  
 
If you have any further questions on the use of this product, ask your doctor or pharmacist. 
 

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26 

4. POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS 
 
Like all medicines, Clopidogrel 1A Pharma can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.  
 
Contact your doctor immediately if you experience: 

- fever, signs of infection or extreme tiredness. These may be due to rare decrease of some 
blood cells.  

- signs of liver problems such as yellowing of the skin and/or the eyes (jaundice), whether 
or not associated with bleeding which appears under the skin as red pinpoint dots and/or 
confusion (see section 2 ‘Take special care with Clopidogrel 1A Pharma’).  

- swelling in the mouth or skin disorders such as rashes and itching, blisters of the skin. 
These may be the signs of an allergic reaction. 

 
The most common side effect (affects 1 to 10 patients in 100) reported with Clopidogrel is bleeding. 
Bleeding may occur as bleeding in the stomach or bowels, bruising, haematoma (unusual bleeding or 
bruising under the skin), nose bleed, blood in the urine. In a small number of cases, bleeding in the 
eye, inside the head, the lung or the joints has also been reported. 
 
If you experience prolonged bleeding when taking Clopidogrel 1A Pharma.  
If you cut or injure yourself, it may take longer than usual for bleeding to stop. This is linked to the 
way your medicine works as it prevents the ability of blood clots to form. For minor cuts and injuries 
e.g., cutting yourself, shaving, this is usually of no concern. However, if you are concerned by your 
bleeding, you should contact your doctor straightaway (see section 2 ‘Take special care with 
Clopidogrel 1A Pharma’). 
 
Side effects may occur with certain frequencies, which are defined as follows:  
 very common: affects more than 1 user in 10  
 common: affects 1 to 10 users in 100  
 uncommon: affects 1 to 10 users in 1,000  
 rare: affects 1 to 10 users in 10,000  
 very rare: affects less than 1 user in 10,000  
 not known: frequency cannot be estimated from the available data. 
 
Other side effects reported with Clopidogrel are:  
-Common side effects:  
Diarrhoea, abdominal pain, indigestion or heartburn.  
 
-Uncommon side effects:  
Headache, stomach ulcer, vomiting, nausea, constipation, excessive gas in stomach or intestines, 
rashes, itching, dizziness, sensation of tingling and numbness. 
 
-Rare side effect:  
Vertigo.  
 
-Very rare side effects:  
Jaundice; severe abdominal pain with or without back pain; fever, breathing difficulties sometimes 
associated with cough; generalised allergic reactions; swelling in the mouth; blisters of the skin; skin 
allergy; inflammation of the mouth (stomatitis); decrease in blood pressure; confusion; hallucinations; 
joint pain; muscular pain; changes in the way things taste. 
 
In addition, your doctor may identify changes in your blood or urine test results. 
 

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27 

If any of the side effects gets serious, or if you notice any side effects not listed in this leaflet, please 
tell your doctor or pharmacist.  
 
 
5. HOW TO STORE CLOPIDOGREL 1A PHARMA 
 
Store in the original blister in order to protect from moisture. 
 
Keep out of the reach and sight of children.  
 
Do not use Clopidogrel 1A Pharma after the expiry date which is stated on the carton and on the 
blister after EXP. The expiry date refers to the last day of that month. 
Do not use Clopidogrel 1A Pharma if you notice any visible sign of damage of blister or film-coated 
tablets. 
 
Medicines should not be disposed of via wastewater or household waste. Ask your pharmacist how to 
dispose of medicines no longer required. These measures will help to protect the environment.  
 
 
6. FURTHER INFORMATION 
 
What Clopidogrel 1A Pharma contains 
The active substance is Clopidogrel. Each tablet contains 75 mg of Clopidogrel (as besilate). 
 
The other ingredients are: 
 
Tablet core: 
Macrogol 6000 
Cellulose, microcrystalline (E460) 
Crospovidone type A 
Castor oil, hydrogenated 
 
Film-coating: 
Macrogol 6000 
Ethylcellulose (E462) 
Titanium dioxide (E 171) 
 
What Clopidogrel 1A Pharma looks like and contents of the pack  
 
Clopidogrel 1A Pharma 75 mg film-coated tablets are white to off-white, marbled, round and 
biconvex. They are supplied in cardboard cartons containing 14, 28, 30, 50, 84, 90 and 100 tablets in 
aluminium blisters. Not all pack sizes may be marketed. 
 
Marketing Authorisation Holder  
 
Acino Pharma GmbH 
Am Windfeld 35 
83714 Miesbach 
Germany 
 

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Manufacturer 
 
Acino AG 
Am Windfeld 35 
83714 Miesbach 
Germany 
 
Salutas Pharma GmbH 
Otto-von-Guericke-Allee 1 
39179 Barleben 
Germany 
 
For any information about this medicine, please contact the local representative of the Marketing 
Authorisation Holder: 
 
België/Belgique/Belgien 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Allemagne/Duitsland 
Tél/Tel: + 49 89 6138825 – 0 
 

Luxembourg/Luxemburg 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Allemagne/Deutschland 
Tél/Tel: + 49 89 6138825 - 0 

България 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Германия 
Teл.: + 49 89 6138825 – 0 
 

Magyarország 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Németország 
Tel.: + 49 89 6138825 - 0 

Česká republika 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Německo 
Tel: + 49 89 6138825 – 0 
 

Malta 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Il-Ġermanja 
Tel: + 49 89 6138825 - 0 

Danmark 
Sandoz A/S 
Edvard Thomsens Vej 14 
DK-2300 København S 
info.sandoz-dk@sandoz.com 
 

Nederland 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Duitsland 
Tel: + 49 89 6138825 – 0 
 

Deutschland 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Tel: + 49 89 6138825 - 0 
medwiss@1apharma.com  
 

Norge 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Tyskland 
Tlf: + 49 89 6138825 - 0 

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Eesti 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Saksamaa 
Tel: + 49 89 6138825 – 0 
 

Österreich 
1A Pharma GmbH 
Eduard-Kittenberger-Gasse 56 
A-1235 Wien 
Tel: + 43 (0)1 480 56 03 

Ελλάδα 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Γερμανία 
Τηλ: + 49 89 6138825 – 0 
 

Polska 
1A Pharma GmbH Sp. Z.o.o. 
ul. Grojecka 22/24 lok. 49/50 
02-021 Warszawa 
Tel: + 48 22 213 11 45 

España 
ACOST Comercial Generic Pharma, S.L 
C/ Ferraz 10, 1º izdq 
E-28008 Madrid 
Tel.: + 34 91 548 84 04 

Portugal 
1Apharma – Produtos Farmacêuticos S.A 
Alameda da Beloura 
Edifício 1, 2º andar - Escritório 15  
P-2710-693 Sintra  
Tel: + 351 21 924 19 19 
 

France 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Allemagne 
Tél: + 49 89 6138825 - 0 

România 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Germania 
Tel: + 49 89 6138825 – 0 
 

Ireland 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Germany 
Tel: + 49 89 6138825 - 0 

Slovenija 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Nemčija 
Tel: + 49 89 6138825 – 0 
 

Ísland 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Þýskaland 
Sími: + 49 89 6138825 - 0 

Slovenská republika 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Nemecko 
Tel: + 49 89 6138825 – 0 
 

Italia 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Germania 
Tel: + 49 89 6138825 - 0 

Suomi/Finland 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Saksa 
Puh/Tel: + 49 89 6138825 – 0 
 

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Κύπρος 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Γερμανία 
Τηλ: + 49 89 6138825 - 0 

Sverige 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Tyskland 
Tel: + 49 89 6138825 – 0 
 

Latvija 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Vācija 
Tel: + 49 89 6138825 - 0 

United Kingdom 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Germany 
Tel: + 49 89 6138825 – 0 
 

Lietuva 
1 A Pharma GmbH 
Keltenring 1 + 3 
D-82041 Oberhaching 
Vokietija 
Tel: + 49 89 6138825 - 0 

 

 
This leaflet was last approved in. 
 
Detailed information is available on the European Medicines Agency website: 
http://www.ema.europa.eu/ 
 

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	SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
	A. MANUFACTURING AUTHORISATION HOLDER RESPONSIBLE FOR BATCH RELEASE
	B. CONDITIONS OF THE MARKETING AUTHORISATION
	A. LABELLING
	B. PACKAGE LEAFLET