
In 1860:

region              total population  free blacks  %       slaves   %
U.S.                32,227,616        487,070      1.5%    3,953,818 12.3%
Confederacy          9,103,332        132,760      1.5%    3,521,110 38.7%
Union Slave States   3,212,041        128,158      4.0%      432,586 13.5%
All Union States    23,124,284        354,310      1.5%      432,708  1.9%
Union "Free" States 19,912,243        226,152      1.1%          122  0.0%

