rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
Statins Versus Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors- Are We Doing Better? A Systematic Review on Treatment Disparity.
Cureus, 2020

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant contributor to mortality in America. A common risk factor of CAD is hyperlipidemia. Treatment guidelines of hyperlipidemia are well established. Statins are the cornerstone of treating hyperlipidemia. New medications such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9 inhibitors) have also illustrated significant results in treating hyperlipidemia. While multiple studies exemplify the disparities in statin and PCSK9 inhibitors utilization to reduce CAD mortality and risk factors, there are no systematic reviews to validate these disparities. We conducted a search on PubMed, including Medline and PubMed Central, and Google Scholar. For this analysis, we selected articles published between 2000 and 2020 and those that fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on the type of study, we performed appropriate quality assessments and deleted studies with a score of less than seven or with a high risk of biases. The search strategy resulted in 322 studies. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, we included 20 articles in the analysis of this review. This systematic review demonstrates that non-white races and women were less likely to receive the correct, clinically indicated, therapy for hyperlipidemia. A multi-faceted approach is required to solve this inequality in healthcare.
Altered transcallosal inhibition evidenced by transcranial magnetic stimulation highlights neurophysiological consequences of premature birth in early adulthood.
Journal of the neurological sciences, 2018

A very preterm birth can induce deleterious neurophysiological consequences beyond childhood; alterations of the corpus callosum (CC) are reported in adolescents born very preterm along with cognitive impairments. The question remains whether neurophysiological alterations are still detectable in adulthood such as an alteration in CC inhibitory function. The aim of the present study was thus to examine transcallosal inhibition in young adults born very preterm compared to counterparts born at term.
Evidence of widespread retinal dysfunction in patients with stargardt disease and morphologically unaffected carrier relatives.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2008

To characterize contrast sensitivity (CS) across the visual field for two achromatic spatial-temporal frequencies in 21 families with Stargardt disease (STGD) and to correlate psychophysical impairment with patterns of change in multifocal electroretinography (mfERG).
Association of neighborhood parks with child health in the United States.
Preventive medicine, 2020

While there is evidence that parks support pediatric health, there have been no national studies looking at both physical and mental health. We assessed whether the presence of a neighborhood park is associated with pediatric physical or mental health across the U.S. using a nationally representative cross-sectional random sample of American children ages 0-17. Caregivers reported on the park presence in their child's neighborhood and the child's physical activity, screen-time, sleep, weight, and diagnosis of anxiety, depression, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Covariates included child and family sociodemographics and, for 29 states, neighborhood urbanicity. Caregivers reported on 49,146 children (mean age 9.4 years; 49% female). There were 11,791 (24%) children living in neighborhoods lacking a park; children in non-urban locations (aOR 2.19, 95% CI 1.40-1.67) or below the federal poverty level (aOR = 1.48, 95%CI 1.38-1.58) had higher odds of lacking a park. Irrespective of sociodemographics, children lacking parks were more likely to be physically inactive (aOR1.36, 95% CI 1.24, 1.48), have excessive screen-time (aOR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.14, 1.25), or obtain inadequate sleep (aOR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.18, 1.29). Children without parks were more likely obese (aOR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.21, 1.43), overweight (aOR 1.25, 95%CI 1.17, 1.33), or diagnosed with ADHD (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.12, 1.29), but not more anxious or depressed (aOR = 1.04, 95%CI 0.97, 1.11). Associations between parks and pediatric physical and mental health suggests that the provision of neighborhood parks could represent a low-cost childhood health intervention.
[Neural Mechanisms That Facilitate Adaptive Behavior Based on Acquired Stimulus-Outcome Information].
Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo, 2017

In response to changing internal and external situations, we always need to adapt our behavior based on previous experiences, particularly, acquired stimulus-outcome information. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a prefrontal cortical region, is critical for this type of decision-making. The current understanding of the fundamental functions of the OFC has been reviewed by introducing, as an example, how the OFC contributes to the processing of uncertain rewards. Furthermore, the importance of revealing context and temporally specific causal roles of neural circuits including the OFC in decision-making, as well as the techniques to achieve the goal, have been discussed.
Optineurin defects cause TDP43-pathology with autophagic vacuolar formation.
Neurobiology of disease, 2021

We previously showed that optineurin (OPTN) mutations lead to the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The association between OPTN mutations and the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis remains unclear. To investigate the mechanism underlying its pathogenesis, we generated Optn knockout mice. We evaluated histopathological observations of these mice and compared with those of OPTN- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases to investigate the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by OPTN mutations. The Optn (-/-) mice presented neuronal autophagic vacuoles immunopositive for charged multivesicular body protein 2b, one of the hallmarks of granulovacuolar degenerations, in the cytoplasm of spinal cord motor neurons at the age of 8 months and the OPTN- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis case with homozygous Q398X mutation. In addition, Optn (-/-) mice showed TAR-DNA binding protein 43/sequestosome1/p62 -positive cytoplasmic inclusions and the clearance of nuclear TAR-DNA binding protein 43. The axonal degeneration of the sciatic nerves was observed in Optn (-/-) mice. However, we could not observe significant differences in survival time, body weight, and motor functions, at 24 months. Our findings suggest that homozygous OPTN deletion or mutations might result in autophagic dysfunction and TAR-DNA binding protein 43 mislocalization, thereby leading to neurodegeneration of motor neurons. These findings indicate that the Optn (-/-) mice recapitulate both common and specific pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with autophagic abnormalities. Optn (-/-) mice could serve as a mouse model for the development of therapeutic strategies.
Use of antipsychotic blood levels in clinician decision making: A cross-over study using clinical vignettes of patients with schizophrenia.
Psychiatry research, 2018

The cause of treatment failure of antipsychotic medications is often difficult to determine in patients with schizophrenia. Evaluation of antipsychotic blood levels (ABLs) may aid clinicians in determining the cause of antipsychotic failure. The Clinical Assessment of the Schizophrenia Patient (CASP) was developed to evaluate clinical decision making during outpatient visits. The CASP assesses changes in medications, psychosocial treatments, and acute interventions along with factors influencing clinical decision making. Nine vignettes representative of clinical situations in patients with schizophrenia were created in two versions (one with ABLs, one without ABLs). The CASP was used to evaluate clinical decisions using the vignettes. Thirty-four clinicians participated in the study. In 8 out of 9 vignettes, most clinicians (at least 89.7%) made a different clinical decision with ABLs compared to without ABLs. In assessing the usefulness of ABLs, a majority (60.7%-85.7%, depending on the vignette) of clinicians responded that ABLs changed their clinical decision for 8 vignettes. Most clinicians (79%-93%) responded that they were more confident in their decisions with ABL information. This study demonstrated that ABLs have the potential to influence clinical decision making in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia.
The thalamic midline nucleus reuniens: potential relevance for schizophrenia and epilepsy.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2020

Anatomical, electrophysiological and behavioral studies in rodents have shown that the thalamic midline nucleus reuniens (RE) is a crucial link in the communication between hippocampal formation (HIP, i.e., CA1, subiculum) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), important structures for cognitive and executive functions. A common feature in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative brain diseases is a dysfunctional connectivity/communication between HIP and mPFC, and disturbances in the cognitive domain. Therefore, it is assumed that aberrant functioning of RE may contribute to behavioral/cognitive impairments in brain diseases characterized by cortico-thalamo-hippocampal circuit dysfunctions. In the human brain the connections of RE are largely unknown. Yet, recent studies have found important similarities in the functional connectivity of HIP-mPFC-RE in humans and rodents, making cautious extrapolating experimental findings from animal models to humans justifiable. The focus of this review is on a potential involvement of RE in schizophrenia and epilepsy.
Reliability of Fronto-Amygdala Coupling during Emotional Face Processing.
Brain sciences, 2019

One of the most exciting translational prospects for brain imaging research is the potential use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 'biomarkers' to predict an individual's risk of developing a neuropsychiatric disorder or the likelihood of responding to a particular intervention. This proposal depends critically on reliable measurements at the level of the individual. Several previous studies have reported relatively poor reliability of amygdala activation during emotional face processing, a key putative fMRI 'biomarker'. However, the reliability of amygdala connectivity measures is much less well understood. Here, we assessed the reliability of task-modulated coupling between three seed regions (left and right amygdala and the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex) and the dorsomedial frontal/cingulate cortex (DMFC), measured using a psychophysiological interaction analysis in 29 healthy individuals scanned approximately two weeks apart. We performed two runs on each day of three different emotional face-processing tasks: emotion identification, emotion matching, and gender classification. We tested both between-day reliability and within-day (between-run) reliability. We found good-to-excellent within-subject reliability of amygdala-DMFC coupling, both between days (in two tasks), and within day (in one task). This suggests that disorder-relevant regional coupling may be sufficiently reliable to be used as a predictor of treatment response or clinical risk in future clinical studies.
CD30-Positive Anaplastic Variant of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma: Frequency and Association With Clinicopathological Parameters.
Cureus, 2021

Introduction Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma and is the most common type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematopoietic tumors has recognized three morphological variants of DLBCL: centroblastic, immunoblastic, and anaplastic. Some studies have shown that the anaplastic variant of DLBCL is associated with aggressive clinicopathological features. Anaplastic DLBCL is rare, and the clinicopathological characteristics of this subtype of DLBCL are not widely studied in our population. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the frequency of the anaplastic variant of DLBCL and its association with other clinicopathological parameters. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Histopathology at the Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College over a period of six years, from January 2015 to December 2020. All cases diagnosed as DLBCL based on morphology and immunohistochemical (IHC) profile were included in the study. The diagnosis of anaplastic DLBCL was rendered based on morphology (large bizarre pleomorphic cells in a cohesive or sheet-like growth pattern), combined with CD30 IHC expression. Results The mean age of the patients was 52.90 ±16.42 years, and the mean Ki67 index was 73.18 ±16.52%. Of the 220 cases of DLBCL, 47.3% cases were germinal center B-cell (GCB) subtype, and 59.1% cases were nodal. BCL-2, BCL-6, MUM1, c-MYC, and CD10 positivity were noted in 60%, 45.5%, 40.9%, 44.1, and 38.6% cases, respectively. Only 14 cases (6.4%) were recognized as anaplastic variants of DLBCL according to the previously defined criterion. The only significant association of anaplastic-variant DLBCL was noted with a lack of BCL-2 expression. No significant association of anaplastic-variant DLBCL was noted with age, gender, Ki67 index, DLBCL subtype, or any other IHC marker expression. Conclusion We found a low frequency of the anaplastic variant of DLBCL in our study. No significant association of this DLBCL variant was noted with any of the clinicopathological parameters, except for the lack of BCL-2 expression. Alternatively, from a pathological perspective, it is important to recognize this variant of DLBCL as it often mimics other CD30-positive lymphoma and undifferentiated carcinoma.
How predictable is cognitive performance in Brazilian patients with pharmacoresistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy?
Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2020

The objective of the study was to investigate the independent association between clinical, demographic, psychiatric, radiologic, electrophysiological, and pharmacologic variables and cognitive performance of Brazilian patients with pharmacoresistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).
Effect of MnTBAP on in vitro capacitation of frozen-thawed stallion sperm.
Animal reproduction science, 2020

In vitro manipulation of spermatozoa leads to deleterious changes of structure and function that occur mainly due to oxidative stress, therefore, prevention or treatment is a strategy to improve the functions of processed sperm. In the present study, the aim was to evaluate the effects of MnTBAP supplementation, a compound with antioxidant activity, on in vitro capacitation conditions of thawed equine sperm. For this purpose, stallion spermatozoa (2 × 10
Family Functioning and Mental Health Changes Following a Family Therapy Intervention in Kenya: a Pilot Trial.
Journal of child and family studies, 2020

Family-based interventions offer a promising avenue for addressing chronic negative family interactions that contribute to lasting consequences, including family violence and the onset and maintenance of mental health disorders. The purpose of this study was to conduct a mixed-methods, single group pre-post pilot trial of a family therapy intervention (
[Angiitis of the autonomic central nervous system].
Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo, 2015

Autonomic central nervous system (CNS) angiitis was classified with primary angiitis of the CNS (PACNS) or CNS angiitis secondary to systemic vasculitis. Mean onset age of PACNS was about 50 years. Typical symptoms were a chronic progressive headache and encephalopathy. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was compatible with aseptic meningitis. Findings from imaging were varied and included arterial stenosis. Exclusion diagnosis of PACNS mimics and a brain biopsy were required for a definite diagnosis. Some collagen diseases could cause secondary CNS vasculitis. Patients with secondary CNS vasculitis were required more extensive immunosuppression therapy.
The first description of Chiari I malformation with intuitive correlation between tonsillar ectopia and syringomyelia.
Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics, 2011

Few are familiar with the neurological contributions of the German pathologist Theodor Langhans. Even fewer are aware of his significant and early contributions to the study of what is now known as the Chiari I malformation. In at least 4 cases, Langhans described the association between tonsillar ectopia and syringomyelia. Moreover, this early pioneer speculated that there was a cause and effect with hindbrain herniation resulting in improper flow at the craniocervical junction and consequent development of syringomyelia. These cases were reported prior to Hans Chiari's descriptions, and Langhans' theory of impeded foramen magnum flow as a cause of syringomyelia was novel and preceded the current understanding of this mechanism by almost a century. The authors discuss the life of Langhans and translate excerpts from his 1881 work regarding tonsillar ectopia and syringomyelia.
Efficacy of an Internet-based intervention for job stress and burnout among medical professionals: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Trials, 2019

Medical professionals are at high risk of job stress and burnout. Research shows that work-related stress can be reduced through enhancing psychological resources, in particular, self-efficacy and perceived social support. These psychological resources can operate either individually or sequentially: in line with the cultivation hypothesis, self-efficacy precedes and cultivates perceived social support, whereas according to the enabling hypothesis it is perceived social support that comes first and enables self-efficacy. Based on this theoretical framework we developed an internet-based intervention, Med-Stress, dedicated to healthcare providers and aimed at reducing job stress and burnout. Med-Stress contains two modules that enhance self-efficacy and perceived social support, which are tested in four variants reflected in four study conditions. We expect that sequential enhancement of resources: self-efficacy and social support or social support and self-efficacy will yield larger posttest results than individual enhancement.
5-HT2C receptor blockade reverses SSRI-associated basal ganglia dysfunction and potentiates therapeutic efficacy.
Molecular psychiatry, 2020

Serotonin (5-HT) selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders, but responsiveness is uncertain and side effects often lead to discontinuation. Side effect profiles suggest that SSRIs reduce dopaminergic (DAergic) activity, but specific mechanistic insight is missing. Here we show in mice that SSRIs impair motor function by acting on 5-HT2C receptors in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), which in turn inhibits nigra pars compacta (SNc) DAergic neurons. SSRI-induced motor deficits can be reversed by systemic or SNr-localized 5-HT2C receptor antagonism. SSRIs induce SNr hyperactivity and SNc hypoactivity that can also be reversed by systemic 5-HT2C receptor antagonism. Optogenetic inhibition of SNc DAergic neurons mimics the motor deficits due to chronic SSRI treatment, whereas local SNr 5-HT2C receptor antagonism or optogenetic activation of SNc DAergic neurons reverse SSRI-induced motor deficits. Lastly, we find that 5-HT2C receptor antagonism potentiates the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of SSRIs. Together our findings demonstrate opposing roles for 5-HT2C receptors in the effects of SSRIs on motor function and affective behavior, highlighting the potential benefits of 5-HT2C receptor antagonists for both reduction of motor side effects of SSRIs and augmentation of therapeutic antidepressant and anxiolytic effects.
Rapidly-customizable, scalable 3D-printed wireless optogenetic probes for versatile applications in neuroscience.
Advanced functional materials, 2020

Optogenetics is an advanced neuroscience technique that enables the dissection of neural circuitry with high spatiotemporal precision. Recent advances in materials and microfabrication techniques have enabled minimally invasive and biocompatible optical neural probes, thereby facilitating
Electrophysiological Properties of Rat Vestibular Labyrinth and Their Effect on Parameters of Transmitted Voltage Pulses.
Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 2018

We propose a new approach to optimization of electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve and improving the transfer function of vestibular implant. A mathematical model of the vestibular organ is developed based on its anatomy, the model premises, 3D-analysis of MRI and CT images, and mathematical description of physical processes underlying propagation of alternating electric current across the tissues of vestibular labyrinth. This approach was tested in vitro on the rat vestibular apparatus and had been examined anatomically prior to the development of its mathematical model and equivalent electrical circuit. The experimental and theoretical values of changes of the gain-phase characteristics of vestibular tissues in relation to location of the reference electrode obtained in this study can be used to optimize the electrical stimulation of vestibular nerve.
Longitudinal analysis of regional cerebellum volumes during normal aging.
NeuroImage, 2020

Some cross-sectional studies suggest reduced cerebellar volumes with aging, but there have been few longitudinal studies of age changes in cerebellar subregions in cognitively healthy older adults. In this work, 2,023 magnetic resonance (MR) images of 822 cognitively normal participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) were analyzed. Participants ranged in age from 50 to 95 years (mean 70.7 years) at the baseline assessment. Follow-up intervals were 1-9 years (mean 3.7 years) for participants with two or more visits. We used a recently developed cerebellum parcellation algorithm based on convolutional neural networks to divide the cerebellum into 28 subregions. Linear mixed effects models were applied to the volume of each cerebellar subregion to investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal age effects, as well as effects of sex and their interactions, after adjusting for intracranial volume. Our findings suggest spatially varying atrophy patterns across the cerebellum with respect to age and sex both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.
Workflow patterns and potential for optimization in endovascular stroke treatment across the world: results from a multinational survey.
Journal of neurointerventional surgery, 2020

The benefit of endovascular treatment (EVT) is highly time-dependent, and treatment delays reduce patients' chances to achieve a good outcome. In this survey-based study, we aimed to evaluate current in-hospital EVT workflow characteristics across different countries and hospital settings, and to quantify the time-savings that could be achieved by optimizing particular workflow steps.
Ambient Light Regulates Retinal Dopamine Signaling and Myopia Susceptibility.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2021

Exposure to high-intensity or outdoor lighting has been shown to decrease the severity of myopia in both human epidemiological studies and animal models. Currently, it is not fully understood how light interacts with visual signaling to impact myopia. Previous work performed in the mouse retina has demonstrated that functional rod photoreceptors are needed to develop experimentally-induced myopia, alluding to an essential role for rod signaling in refractive development.
XIVth Little Brain Big Brain: next-generation enteric neuroscience.
Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2017

Little Brain Big Brain has been a biannual meeting organized and attended exclusively by young investigators in neurogastroenterology since 1989. The XIVth meeting featured cutting-edge work advancing several novel hypotheses in the main themes of motility, inflammation and metabolism.