rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
Administration of secretoneurin is protective in hypoxic-ischemic neonatal brain injury predominantly in the hypoxic-only hemisphere.
Neuroscience, 2017

Neonatal brain injury is a problem of global importance. To date, no causal therapies are available. A substance with considerable therapeutic potential is the endogenous neuropeptide secretoneurin (SN), which has proven to be beneficial in adult stroke. The aim of this study was to assess its effect in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury models. In vitro, primary hippocampal neurons were pre-treated with vehicle, 1µg/ml, 10µg/ml, or 50µg/ml SN and subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for six hours. Cell death was assessed after a 24-h recovery period. In vivo, seven day-old CD-1 mice underwent unilateral common carotid artery ligation and were exposed to 8% oxygen/nitrogen for 20 min. SN plasma concentrations were serially determined by ELISA after insult. One hour after hypoxia, a subgroup of animals was treated with vehicle or SN. SN plasma concentrations significantly decreased 48h after insult. The number of caspase-3-positive cells was significantly lower in the hypoxic-ischemic hemisphere in the thalamus of SN-treated animals. In the hypoxic-only hemisphere administration of SN significantly reduced the number of caspase-3-positive cells (in cortex, white matter, hippocampus, thalamus and striatum) and inhibited microglial cell activation in the thalamus. SN has neuroprotective potential in neonatal brain injury. Its main action seems to be inhibition of apoptosis in the aftermath of the insult, predominantly in the hypoxic-only hemisphere. This might be explained by the less pronounced injury in this hemisphere, where blood flow and thus nutrient supply are maintained.
Abnormal fatty acid pattern in the superior temporal gyrus distinguishes bipolar disorder from major depression and schizophrenia and resembles multiple sclerosis.
Psychiatry research, 2014

This study investigated the fatty acid composition of the postmortem superior temporal gyrus (STG), a cortical region implicated in emotional processing, from normal controls (n=15) and patients with bipolar disorder (BD, n=15), major depressive disorder (MDD, n=15), and schizophrenia (SZ, n=15). For comparative purposes, STG fatty acid composition was determined in a separate cohort of multiple sclerosis patients (MS, n=15) and normal controls (n=15). Compared with controls, patients with BD, but not MDD or SZ, exhibited abnormal elevations in the saturated fatty acids (SFA) palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) linoleic acid (18:2n-6), arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3), and reductions in the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) oleic acid (18:1n-9). The total MUFA/SFA and 18:1/18:0 ratios were lower in the STG of BD patients and were inversely correlated with total PUFA composition. MS patients exhibited a pattern of fatty acid abnormalities similar to that observed in BD patients including elevated PUFA and a lower 18:1/18:0 ratio. Collectively, these data demonstrate that BD patients exhibit a pattern of fatty acid abnormalities in the STG that is not observed in MDD and SZ patients and closely resembles MS patients.
Longitudinal changes in hippocampal volume in the Edinburgh High Risk Study of Schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia research, 2016

Schizophrenia is associated with structural brain abnormalities that are likely to be present before disease onset. It remains unclear to what extent these represent general vulnerability indicators or are associated with the developing clinical state itself. It also remains unclear whether such state or trait alterations may be evident at any given time-point, or whether they progress over time. To investigate this, structural brain scans were acquired at two time-points (mean scan-interval 1.87years) in a cohort of young unaffected individuals at high familial risk of schizophrenia (baseline, n=142; follow-up, n=64) and healthy controls (baseline, n=36; follow-up, n=18). Sub-cortical reconstructions of the hippocampus and amygdala were generated using the longitudinal pipeline available with Freesurfer. The high risk cohort was subdivided into individuals that remained well during the study (HR[well], baseline, n=68; follow-up, n=30), transient and/or partial symptoms that were insufficient to support a formal diagnosis (HR[symp], baseline, n=57; follow-up, n=26) and individuals that subsequently developed schizophrenia according to ICD-10 criteria (HR[ill], baseline, n=17; follow-up, n=8). Longitudinal change in the hippocampus and amygdala was compared, focusing first on overall differences between high-risk individuals and controls and then on sub-group differences within the high-risk cohort. We found a significantly altered developmental trajectory for all high risk individuals compared to controls, with controls showing a significant increase in hippocampal volume over time compared to those at high risk. We did not find evidence of altered longitudinal trajectories based on clinical outcome within the high risk cohort. These results suggest that an altered developmental trajectory of hippocampal volume is associated with a general familial predisposition to develop schizophrenia, as this alteration was not related to subsequent clinical outcome.
Tau: Enabler of diverse brain disorders and target of rapidly evolving therapeutic strategies.
Science (New York, N.Y.), 2021

Several lines of evidence implicate the protein tau in the pathogenesis of multiple brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, other neurodegenerative conditions, autism, and epilepsy. Tau is abundant in neurons and interacts with microtubules, but its main functions in the brain remain to be defined. These functions may involve the regulation of signaling pathways relevant to diverse biological processes. Informative disease models have revealed a plethora of abnormal tau species and mechanisms that might contribute to neuronal dysfunction and loss, but the relative importance of their respective contributions is uncertain. This knowledge gap poses major obstacles to the development of truly impactful therapeutic strategies. The current expansion and intensification of efforts to translate mechanistic insights into tau-related therapeutics should address this issue and could deliver better treatments for a host of devastating conditions.
Drug-resistant cluster headache: long-term evaluation of pain control by posterior hypothalamic deep-brain stimulation.
World neurosurgery, 2014

On the basis of recent findings about the pathophysiology of cluster headache and through the experience reported in recent literature, we have reviewed the outcome of four patients affected by drug-resistant cluster headache treated in our department by posterior hypothalamic deep brain stimulation with a follow-up of more than 5 years.
Common mental disorders among young refugees in Sweden: The role of education and duration of residency.
Journal of affective disorders, 2020

Studies investigating risks of common mental disorders (CMDs) in refugee youth are sparse. The current study examined health care use due to CMDs in unaccompanied and accompanied refugee youth and Swedish-born, and the role of education and residency duration.
Anticipatory Neural Activity Improves the Decoding Accuracy for Dynamic Head-Direction Signals.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2019

Insects and vertebrates harbor specific neurons that encode the animal's head direction (HD) and provide an internal compass for spatial navigation. Each HD cell fires most strongly in one preferred direction. As the animal turns its head, however, HD cells in rat anterodorsal thalamic nucleus (ADN) and other brain areas fire already before their preferred direction is reached, as if the neurons anticipated the future HD. This phenomenon has been explained at a mechanistic level, but a functional interpretation is still missing. To close this gap, we use a computational approach based on the movement statistics of male rats and a simple model for the neural responses within the ADN HD network. Network activity is read out using population vectors in a biologically plausible manner, so that only past spikes are taken into account. We find that anticipatory firing improves the representation of the present HD by reducing the motion-induced temporal bias inherent in causal decoding. The amount of anticipation observed in ADN enhances the precision of the HD compass read-out by up to 40%. More generally, our theoretical framework predicts that neural integration times not only reflect biophysical constraints, but also the statistics of behaviorally relevant stimuli; in particular, anticipatory tuning should be found wherever neurons encode sensory signals that change gradually in time.
Sign-trackers have elevated myo-inositol in the nucleus accumbens and ventral hippocampus following Pavlovian conditioned approach.
Journal of neurochemistry, 2016

Pavlovian conditioned approach (PCA) is a behavioral procedure that can be used to assess individual differences in the addiction vulnerability of drug-naïve rats and identify addiction vulnerability factors. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (
Statins reduce neuronal alpha-synuclein aggregation in in vitro models of Parkinson's disease.
Journal of neurochemistry, 2008

Aggregation of alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) is believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of disorders such as dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease. The function of alpha-syn remains unclear, although several lines of evidence suggest that alpha-syn is involved in synaptic vesicle trafficking probably via lipid binding. Moreover, interactions with cholesterol and lipids have been shown to be involved in alpha-syn aggregation. In this context, the main objective of this study was to determine if statins--cholesterol synthesis inhibitors--might interfere with alpha-syn accumulation in cellular models. For this purpose, we studied the effects of lovastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin on the accumulation of alpha-syn in a stably transfected neuronal cell line and in primary human neurons. Statins reduced the levels of alpha-syn accumulation in the detergent insoluble fraction of the transfected cells. This was accompanied by a redistribution of alpha-syn in caveolar fractions, a reduction in oxidized alpha-syn, and enhanced neurite outgrowth. In contrast, supplementation of the media with cholesterol increased alpha-syn aggregation in detergent insoluble fractions of transfected cells and was accompanied by reduced neurite outgrowth. Taken together, these results suggest that regulation of cholesterol levels with cholesterol inhibitors might be a novel approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Variant anatomy of the buccal nerve.
Anatomy & cell biology, 2019

Knowledge of the anatomy and variations of the nerves of the oral cavity is important to surgeons who operate this region. Herein, we report a rare case of a buccal nerve with two distinct roots. The anatomy of this case and its clinical applications is discussed.
Leptin-mediated cell survival signaling in hippocampal neurons mediated by JAK STAT3 and mitochondrial stabilization.
The Journal of biological chemistry, 2008

Leptin plays a pivotal role in the regulation of energy homeostasis and metabolism, primarily by acting on neurons in the hypothalamus that control food intake. However, leptin receptors are more widely expressed in the brain suggesting additional, as yet unknown, functions of leptin. Here we show that both embryonic and adult hippocampal neurons express leptin receptors coupled to activation of STAT3 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathways. Leptin protects hippocampal neurons against cell death induced by neurotrophic factor withdrawal and excitotoxic and oxidative insults. The neuroprotective effect of leptin is antagonized by the JAK2-STAT3 inhibitor AG-490, STAT3 decoy DNA, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt inhibitors but not by an inhibitor of MAPK. Leptin induces the production of manganese superoxide dismutase and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL, and stabilizes mitochondrial membrane potential and lessens mitochondrial oxidative stress. Leptin receptor-deficient mice (db/db mice) are more vulnerable to seizure-induced hippocampal damage, and intraventricular administration of leptin protects neurons against seizures. By enhancing mitochondrial resistance to apoptosis and excitotoxicity, our findings suggest that leptin signaling serves a neurotrophic function in the developing and adult hippocampus.
Shrinkage-mediated imaging of entire organs and organisms using uDISCO.
Nature methods, 2016

Recent tissue-clearing approaches have become important alternatives to standard histology approaches. However, light scattering in thick tissues and the size restrictions on samples that can be imaged with standard light-sheet microscopy pose limitations for analyzing large samples such as an entire rodent body. We developed 'ultimate DISCO' (uDISCO) clearing to overcome these limitations in volumetric imaging. uDISCO preserves fluorescent proteins over months and renders intact organs and rodent bodies transparent while reducing their size up to 65%. We used uDISCO to image neuronal connections and vasculature from head to toe over 7 cm and to perform unbiased screening of transplanted stem cells within the entire body of adult mice. uDISCO is compatible with diverse labeling methods and archival human tissue, and it can readily be used in various biomedical applications to study organization of large organ systems throughout entire organisms.
Neurofunctional topography of the human hippocampus.
Human brain mapping, 2015

Much of what was assumed about the functional topography of the hippocampus was derived from a single case study over half a century ago. Given advances in the imaging sciences, a new era of discovery is underway, with potential to transform the understanding of healthy processing as well as the ability to treat disorders. Coactivation-based parcellation, a meta-analytic approach, and ultra-high field, high-resolution functional and structural neuroimaging to characterize the neurofunctional topography of the hippocampus was employed. Data revealed strong support for an evolutionarily preserved topography along the long-axis. Specifically, the left hippocampus was segmented into three distinct clusters: an emotional processing cluster supported by structural and functional connectivity to the amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus, a cognitive operations cluster, with functional connectivity to the anterior cingulate and inferior frontal gyrus, and a posterior perceptual cluster with distinct structural connectivity patterns to the occipital lobe coupled with functional connectivity to the precuneus and angular gyrus. The right hippocampal segmentation was more ambiguous, with plausible 2- and 5-cluster solutions. Segmentations shared connectivity with brain regions known to support the correlated processes. This represented the first neurofunctional topographic model of the hippocampus using a robust, bias-free, multimodal approach.
Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens: Union Is Strength, Gathering Illuminates Healthcare.
Advanced healthcare materials, 2018

The rapid development of healthcare techniques encourages the emergence of new molecular imaging agents and modalities. Fluorescence imaging that enables precise monitoring and detection of biological processes/diseases is extensively investigated as this imaging technique has strengths in terms of high sensitivity, excellent temporal resolution, low cost, and good safety. Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have recently emerged as a new class of emitters that possess several notable features, such as high brightness, large Stokes shift, marked photostability, good biocompatibility, and so on. So far, AIEgens are widely explored and exhibit superb performance in the area of biomedicine and life sciences. Herein, this review summarizes and discusses the recent investigations of AIEgens for in vivo diagnosis and therapy including long-term tracking, 3D angiography, multimodality imaging, disease theranostics, and activatable sensing. Collectively, these results reveal that AIEgens are of great promise for in vivo biomedical applications. It is hoped that this review will lead to new insights into the development of advanced healthcare materials.
Endocannabinoids regulate cerebellar GABAergic transmission in a synapse type-dependent manner.
Journal of neuroscience research, 2021

Endocannabinoids (eCBs) act as ubiquitous modulators of synaptic transmission via the activation of cannabinoid receptors (CBRs). Cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) make strong inhibitory synaptic contacts not only with neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) but also with Lugaro cells and globular cells, whose cell bodies are located underneath the PC layer. However, little is known about the modulatory actions of eCBs on GABA release from PC axon terminals. Here, we examined the effects of eCBs on the GABAergic transmission at PC-globular cell synapses and PC-large DCN neuron synapses electrophysiologically using mouse cerebellar slices. We showed that the types 1 and 2 CBR agonist WIN55212 did not affect either spontaneous or miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in globular cells under control conditions and in a state of enhanced synaptic activity. By contrast, another G
Retinotopic encoding of the direction aftereffect.
Vision research, 2008

Kohn and Movshon [Kohn, A., & Movshon, J. (2003). Neuronal adaptation to visual motion in area MT of the macaque. Neuron, 39, 681-691; Kohn, A., & Movshon, J. A. (2004). Adaptation changes the direction tuning of macaque MT neurons. Nature Neuroscience, 7(7), 764-772] measured the contrast response functions of single neurons in MT (V5) before and after adaptation to high contrast gratings. They found that when gratings were smaller than the MT receptive field, so that adapting and test regions could be either co-localised or non-overlapping, adaptation was spatially specific. This led to the hypothesis that grating adaptation occurs in V1, where receptive fields are small and retinotopically organized, and that MT merely inherits this adaptation. We predicted that spatial specificity would be less for dot stimuli that probably adapt MT cells directly. Also, given recent contradictory claims that hMT primarily exhibits both spatiotopy [d'Avossa, G., Tosetti, M., Crespi, S., Biagi, L., Burr, D., & Morrone, M. (2006). Spatiotopic selectivity of BOLD responses to visual motion in human area MT. Nature Neuroscience, 10, 249-255] and retinotopy [Gardner, J. L., Merriam, E. P., Movshon, J. A., & Heeger, D. J. (2008). Maps of visual space in human occipital cortex are retinotopic, not spatiotopic. The Journal of Neuroscience, 28, 3988-3999], we were interested in producing relevant psychophysical evidence using the direction aftereffect. In three experiments, we measured direction aftereffects (DAEs) induced and tested either with drifting gratings or drifting dots when stimulus location was changed both retinotopically and spatiotopically between adaptation and test; when retinotopic location only was changed; and when spatiotopic location only was changed. We predicted and found that spatial specificity was greater for gratings than for dots. We also found very small spatiotopic effects that call into question some recent claims that area MT exhibits a high degree of spatiotopicity.
Different patterns of cortical gray matter loss over time in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
Neurobiology of aging, 2016

We examined patterns of cortical thickness loss and cognitive decline over time in 19 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 10 with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), and 34 controls with a mean interval of 2.1 ± 0.4 years. We measured vertexwise and regional cortical thickness changes of 6 lobar regions of interest between groups with the longitudinal FreeSurfer pipeline. Compared with controls, AD and bvFTD had a steeper rate of cognitive decline and showed faster cortical thinning per year. Decrease of thickness over time was highest in AD and generalized throughout the whole brain, most pronounced posteriorly, whereas bvFTD patients had a more selective loss in frontal cortex and in anterior parts of the temporal lobes. In a direct comparison, AD patients showed faster cortical thinning in the insula, temporal, and parietal regions, whereas bvFTD patients only showed faster cortical thinning in the orbitofrontal gyrus. Decline of cognitive performances was in line with cortical thinning and deteriorated the most in AD patients.
Clinical approach to neurodegenerative disorders in childhood: an updated overview.
Acta neurologica Belgica, 2019

Neurodegenerative disorders include a group of severe diseases that share a core including a gradual loss of previously acquired motor, sensory and cognitive functions. In pediatric age, the main diagnostic issues are the discrimination between the loss of previously acquired competencies and the lack of achievement of specific developmental milestones. An ideal classification of these disorders could be based on the combination of genetic, clinical and neuroimaging features. Diagnostic workup should be organized with a special attention to the few diseases with an available and effective therapeutic treatment. The present paper reports a proposal of classification that is based on the prominently involved structure and summarizes the hallmarks for clinical approach and therapeutic management.
Progressive irreversible hearing loss is caused by stria vascularis degeneration in an Slc26a4-insufficient mouse model of large vestibular aqueduct syndrome.
Neuroscience, 2015

Hearing loss of patients with enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct (EVA) can fluctuate or progress, with overall downward progression. The most common detectable cause of EVA is mutations of SLC26A4. We previously described a transgenic Slc26a4-insufficient mouse model of EVA in which Slc26a4 expression is controlled by doxycycline administration. Mice that received doxycycline from conception until embryonic day 17.5 (DE17.5; doxycycline discontinued at embryonic day 17.5) had fluctuating hearing loss between 1 and 6 months of age with an overall downward progression after 6 months of age. In this study, we characterized the cochlear functional and structural changes underlying irreversible hearing loss in DE17.5 mice at 12 months of age. The endocochlear potential was decreased and inversely correlated with auditory brainstem response thresholds. The stria vascularis was thickened and edematous in ears with less severe hearing loss, and thinned and atrophic in ears with more severe hearing loss. There were pathologic changes in marginal cell morphology and gene expression that were not observed at 3 months. We conclude that strial dysfunction and degeneration are the primary causes of irreversible progressive hearing loss in our Slc26a4-insufficient mouse model of EVA. This model of primary strial atrophy may be used to explore the mechanisms of progressive hearing loss due to strial dysfunction.
Hypertension and obesity moderate the relationship between β-amyloid and cognitive decline in midlife.
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2019

This study tested if central obesity, hypertension, or depressive symptoms moderated the relationship between β-amyloid (Aβ) and longitudinal cognitive performance in late middle-aged adults enriched for Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk.