rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
Theory of Mind Following the Violation of Strong and Weak Prior Beliefs.
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 2021

Recent work in psychology and neuroscience has revealed differences in impression updating across social distance and group membership. Observers tend to maintain prior impressions of close (vs. distant) and ingroup (vs. outgroup) others in light of new information, and this belief maintenance is at times accompanied by increased activity in Theory of Mind regions. It remains an open question whether differences in the strength of prior beliefs, in a context absent social motivation, contribute to neural differences during belief updating. We devised a functional magnetic resonance imaging study to isolate the impact of experimentally induced prior beliefs on mentalizing activity. Participants learned about targets who performed 2 or 4 same-valenced behaviors (leading to the formation of weak or strong priors), before performing 2 counter-valenced behaviors. We found a greater change in activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) and right temporo-parietal junction following the violation of strong versus weak priors, and a greater change in activity in DMPFC and left temporo-parietal junction following the violation of positive versus negative priors. These results indicate that differences in neural responses to unexpected behaviors from close versus distant others, and ingroup versus outgroup members, may be driven in part by differences in the strength of prior beliefs.
High-level mobility in chronic traumatic brain injury and its relationship with clinical variables and magnetic resonance imaging findings in the acute phase.
Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2014

To compare high-level mobility in individuals with chronic moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with matched healthy controls, and to investigate whether clinical variables and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in the acute phase can predict high-level motor performance in the chronic phase.
COVID-19 and multiorgan failure: A narrative review on potential mechanisms.
Journal of molecular histology, 2020

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) in December 2019 form Wuhan, China leads to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While the common cold symptoms are observed in mild cases, COVID-19 is accompanied by multiorgan failure in severe patients. The involvement of different organs in severe patients results in lengthening the hospitalization duration and increasing the mortality rate. In this review, we aimed to investigate the involvement of different organs in COVID-19 patients, particularly in severe cases. Also, we tried to define the potential underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV2 induced multiorgan failure. The multi-organ dysfunction is characterized by acute lung failure, acute liver failure, acute kidney injury, cardiovascular disease, and as well as a wide spectrum of hematological abnormalities and neurological disorders. The most important mechanisms are related to the direct and indirect pathogenic features of SARS-CoV2. Although the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a receptor of SARS-CoV2 in the lung, heart, kidney, testis, liver, lymphocytes, and nervous system was confirmed, there are controversial findings to about the observation of SARS-CoV2 RNA in these organs. Moreover, the organ failure may be induced by the cytokine storm, a result of increased levels of inflammatory mediators, endothelial dysfunction, coagulation abnormalities, and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the organs. Therefore, further investigations are needed to detect the exact mechanisms of pathogenesis. Since the involvement of several organs in COVID-19 patients is important for clinicians, increasing their knowledge may help to improve the outcomes and decrease the rate of mortality and morbidity.
Does Neuroscience Leave Room for Free Will?
Trends in neurosciences, 2018

A reductively mechanistic approach to neuroscience suggests that low-level physical laws determine our actions and that mental states are epiphenomena. In this scheme there seems to be little room for free will or genuine agency. I argue here that physical indeterminacy provides room for the information entailed in patterns of neuronal firing - the mental content of beliefs, goals, and intentions - to have real causal power in decision-making.
Brain imaging abnormalities and outcome after acute ischaemic stroke: the ENCHANTED trial.
Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2020

To test the hypothesis that imaging signs of 'brain frailty' and acute ischaemia predict clinical outcomes and symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH) after thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) in the alteplase dose arm of ENhanced Control of Hypertension ANd Thrombolysis strokE stuDy (ENCHANTED).
On the (lack of) association between theory of mind and executive functions: a study in a non-clinical adult sample.
Scientific reports, 2020

We investigated in a sample of non-clinical adults the association between Theory of Mind (ToM) and Executive Functions (EFs), that is the set of skills that allow people to control and modulate lower-level cognitive processes in order to produce appropriate behaviour. To this aim, we assessed both affective (i.e., understanding other people's emotions and feelings) and cognitive (i.e., understanding others' beliefs and intentions) ToM, as well four subcomponents of EFs, that is Updating, Shifting, Inhibition, and Access. The association between ToM and non-verbal fluid intelligence, verbal reasoning, and cognitive estimation abilities was also investigated. Eighty-one healthy participants were recruited, and a set of psychometrically validated tests was administered. Multiple regression analyses were run to assess significant predictors of ToM performance when potentially confounding predictors (sociodemographic variables) were controlled for. Results showed a lack of association between affective/cognitive ToM and EFs, whereas non-verbal fluid intelligence for cognitive ToM and verbal reasoning for affective ToM were found to be significant predictors of ToM performance. These results represent a contribution toward a deeper understanding of the ToM-EFs relationships and highlight the importance of broadening the analysis of these relationships to the role played by other domain-general functions in both affective and cognitive ToM.
CMTR1-Catalyzed 2'-O-Ribose Methylation Controls Neuronal Development by Regulating Camk2α Expression Independent of RIG-I Signaling.
Cell reports, 2020

Eukaryotic mRNAs are 5' end capped with a 7-methylguanosine, which is important for processing and translation of mRNAs. Cap methyltransferase 1 (CMTR1) catalyzes 2'-O-ribose methylation of the first transcribed nucleotide (N1 2'-O-Me) to mask mRNAs from innate immune surveillance by retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I). Nevertheless, whether this modification regulates gene expression for neuronal functions remains unexplored. Here, we find that knockdown of CMTR1 impairs dendrite development independent of secretory cytokines and RIG-I signaling. Using transcriptomic analyses, we identify altered gene expression related to dendrite morphogenesis instead of RIG-I-activated interferon signaling, such as decreased calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2α (Camk2α). In line with these molecular changes, dendritic complexity in CMTR1-insufficient neurons is rescued by ectopic expression of CaMK2α but not by inactivation of RIG-I signaling. We further generate brain-specific CMTR1-knockout mice to validate these findings in vivo. Our study reveals the indispensable role of CMTR1-catalyzed N1 2'-O-Me in gene regulation for brain development.
Horizontal meta-analysis identifies common deregulated genes across AML subgroups providing a robust prognostic signature.
Blood advances, 2020

Advances in transcriptomics have improved our understanding of leukemic development and helped to enhance the stratification of patients. The tendency of transcriptomic studies to combine AML samples, regardless of cytogenetic abnormalities, could lead to bias in differential gene expression analysis because of the differential representation of AML subgroups. Hence, we performed a horizontal meta-analysis that integrated transcriptomic data on AML from multiple studies, to enrich the less frequent cytogenetic subgroups and to uncover common genes involved in the development of AML and response to therapy. A total of 28 Affymetrix microarray data sets containing 3940 AML samples were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. After stringent quality control, transcriptomic data on 1534 samples from 11 data sets, covering 10 AML cytogenetically defined subgroups, were retained and merged with the data on 198 healthy bone marrow samples. Differentially expressed genes between each cytogenetic subgroup and normal samples were extracted, enabling the unbiased identification of 330 commonly deregulated genes (CODEGs), which showed enriched profiles of myeloid differentiation, leukemic stem cell status, and relapse. Most of these genes were downregulated, in accordance with DNA hypermethylation. CODEGs were then used to create a prognostic score based on the weighted sum of expression of 22 core genes (CODEG22). The score was validated with microarray data of 5 independent cohorts and by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction in a cohort of 142 samples. CODEG22-based stratification of patients, globally and into subpopulations of cytologically healthy and elderly individuals, may complement the European LeukemiaNet classification, for a more accurate prediction of AML outcomes.
Feedback of patient-reported outcomes to healthcare professionals for comparing health service performance: a scoping review.
BMJ open, 2020

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) provide self-reported patient assessments of their quality of life, daily functioning, and symptom severity after experiencing an illness and having contact with the health system. Feeding back summarised PROs data, aggregated at the health-service level, to healthcare professionals may inform clinical practice and quality improvement efforts. However, little is known about the best methods for providing these summarised data in a way that is meaningful for this audience. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was to summarise the emerging approaches to PROs data for 'service-level' feedback to healthcare professionals.
Sex-specific Effects of Lipopolysaccharide on Hippocampal Mitochondrial Processes in Neuroinflammatory Model of Depression.
Neuroscience, 2020

Mitochondria play a significant role in pathogenesis of clinical depression and their function can be impaired by inflammation and alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Sexual context is also a relevant factor in the incidence of mood disorders, and could have a strong influence during an immune challenge. Therefore, in this study we investigated whether the effects of seven-day lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) could be associated with apoptosis and alterations in energy metabolism in hippocampus of female and male Wistar rats with depressive-like behavior. To that end, we measured the mitochondrial levels of GR and its phosphoisoforms pGR232 and pGR246 in hippocampus of female and male rats, as well as the mRNA levels of two GR-regulated mitochondrial genes, cyclooxygenase -1 and -3 (COX-1 and -3). We also measured alterations in the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in mitochondria and cytosol of hippocampus of these animals, and the levels of cleaved cytosolic poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase-1 (PARP-1) protein. We discovered that even though LPS treatment induced behavioral alterations and affected corticosterone levels and apoptosis in a similar manner in both sexes, it affected mitochondrial GR differently in males and females. Namely, the treatment decreased levels of mitochondrial GR and pGR232/pGR246 ratio only in females, and these alterations were followed by decreased mRNA levels of COX-1 and COX-3 only in this sex. The alterations in COX-1 and COX-3 mRNA levels could indicate impaired oxidative metabolism and diminished mitochondrial function in hippocampus of this sex.
Insight into the relationship between sleep characteristics and anxiety: A cross-sectional study in indigenous and minority populations in northeastern Greece.
Psychiatry research, 2020

A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in order to evaluate the association of sleep characteristics with anxiety disorders using self-reported questionnaires and taking into account several socio-demographic, lifestyle and health related characteristics. 957 participants between 19 and 86 years old were enrolled in our study. Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale. Participants self-reported their daily sleep habits and filled in the following scales: Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Athens Insomnia Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Berlin Questionnaire. Overall prevalence of anxiety was 33.6%. Anxiety symptoms were more prominent among minority groups. Subjects with anxiety reported shorter sleep duration and reduced sleep efficiency. After adjusting for all possible confounders, they were five times more likely to exhibit short sleep duration (≤6h) and 0.60 times less likely long sleep duration (>8h). These relations remained significant in both genders, but were more pronounced among men. Moreover, anxiety was associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, poor sleep quality and higher risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Results highlight the association of sleep disturbances with anxiety disorders and call for conduction of larger scale prospective studies in order to assess causality on the clinically important relationship between sleep characteristics and anxiety disorders.
Richard Hudson Quarles (1939-2015).
Journal of neurochemistry, 2016

This is an obituary for Richard Hudson Quarles, an internationally renowned neuroscientist, who retired in 2007 after 39 years at the National Institutes of Health, and who died August 9, 2015 in Sandy Spring, Maryland, USA. Richard Hudson Quarles, circa 1984, courtesy of The NIH Record newsletter.
Cervico-thoracic Interspinous Bursitis Associated with Bilateral Upper-extremity Numbness: A Case Report.
Cureus, 2017

The authors describe a 48-year-old woman suffering from bilateral upper-extremity numbness and axial radiating pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed soft-tissue edema and enhancement surrounding the dorsal tip of the C7 spinous process. Excisional biopsy of the lesion revealed a mildly inflamed bursa, with no evidence of an active infection. Removal of the inflamed bursa resulted in complete resolution of the upper-extremity numbness and improvement in her neck pain. Although similar cases have been reported to be associated with rheumatologic conditions, most notably polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), the current report underlines the presentation of radicular-like complaints associated with interspinous bursitis in the absence of other conditions affecting the musculoskeleton.
Fibroblast growth factor 21 and grow differentiation factor 15 are sensitive biomarkers of mitochondrial diseases due to mitochondrial transfer-RNA mutations and mitochondrial DNA deletions.
Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2020

Diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases (MDs) is challenging, since they are multisystemic disorders, characterized by a heterogeneous symptomatology. Recently, an increase in serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has been found in the majority of patients with MDs compared with healthy controls. On the other hand, the finding of low FGF21 and GDF15 levels in some patients with MDs suggests that different types of respiratory chain defects may lead to different profiles of these two proteins.
On the centenary of the birth of Francis H. C. Crick - from physics to genetics and neuroscience.
Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria, 2016

The year 2016 marks the centenary of the birth of Francis Crick (1916-2004), who made outstanding contributions to genetics and neuroscience. In 1953, in a collaborative study, Francis Crick and James Watson discovered the DNA double helix, and in 1962 they and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the Noble Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Crick subsequently became very interested in neuroscience, particularly consciousness and its relationship to the claustrum, a small gray matter structure between the insula and putamen.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potentials of Highly Selective Oxygenated Chalcone Based MAO-B Inhibitors in a Haloperidol-Induced Murine Model of Parkinson's Disease.
Neurochemical research, 2020

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic systems, in which dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin levels are depleted and lead to the development of motor and non-motor symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia, weight changes, fatigue, depression, and visual hallucinations. Therapeutic strategies place much focus on dopamine replacement and the inhibition of dopamine metabolism. The present study was based on the known abilities of chalcones to act as molecular scaffolds that selectively inhibit MAO-B with the added advantage of binding reversibly. Recently, we synthesized a series of 26 chalcone compounds, amongst which (2E)-1-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (O10) and (2E)-1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (O23) most inhibited MAO-B. Hence, the present study was performed to explore the molecular mechanisms responsible for the neuroprotective effect of O10 and O23 at varying doses such as 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg each in a haloperidol-induced murine model of PD. Both compounds were effective (though O23 was the more effective) at ameliorating extrapyramidal and non-motor symptoms in the model and improved locomotory and exploratory behaviors, reduced oxidative stress markers, and enhanced antioxidant marker and neurotransmitter levels. Furthermore, histopathological studies showed O10 and O23 both reduced neurofibrillary tangles and plaques to almost normal control levels.
Autoimmune Encephalitis in Children: A Case Series at a Tertiary Care Center.
Journal of child neurology, 2020

Autoimmune encephalitis is the third most common cause of encephalitis in children. We provide a detailed account of presenting symptoms, diagnosis, and response to treatment in pediatric autoimmune encephalitis patients evaluated at University of California San Francisco within a 2.5-year period. Eleven were identified: anti-
GERO Cohort Protocol, Chile, 2017-2022: Community-based Cohort of Functional Decline in Subjective Cognitive Complaint elderly.
BMC geriatrics, 2020

With the global population aging and life expectancy increasing, dementia has turned a priority in the health care system. In Chile, dementia is one of the most important causes of disability in the elderly and the most rapidly growing cause of death in the last 20 years. Cognitive complaint is considered a predictor for cognitive and functional decline, incident mild cognitive impairment, and incident dementia. The GERO cohort is the Chilean core clinical project of the Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO). The objective of the GERO cohort is to analyze the rate of functional decline and progression to clinical dementia and their associated risk factors in a community-dwelling elderly with subjective cognitive complaint, through a population-based study. We also aim to undertake clinical research on brain ageing and dementia disorders, to create data and biobanks with the appropriate infrastructure to conduct other studies and facilitate to the national and international scientific community access to the data and samples for research.
ReMo-SNPs: a new software tool for identification of polymorphisms in regions and motifs genome-wide.
Genetics research, 2015

Studies of complex genetic diseases have revealed many risk factors of small effect, but the combined amount of heritability explained is still low. Genome-wide association studies are often underpowered to identify true effects because of the very large number of parallel tests. There is, therefore, a great need to generate data sets that are enriched for those markers that have an increased a priori chance of being functional, such as markers in genomic regions involved in gene regulation. ReMo-SNPs is a computational program developed to aid researchers in the process of selecting functional SNPs for association analyses in user-specified regions and/or motifs genome-wide. The useful feature of automatic selection of genotyped markers in the user-provided material makes the output data ready to be used in a following association study. In this article we describe the program and its functions. We also validate the program by including an example study on three different transcription factors and results from an association study on two psychiatric phenotypes. The flexibility of the ReMo-SNPs program enables the user to study any region or sequence of interest, without limitation to transcription factor binding regions and motifs. The program is freely available at: http://www.neuro.ki.se/ReMo-SNPs/.
Stage 3 and what we see.
Cognitive neuroscience, 2010

Abstract In his article, Lamme provides a neurotheoretical argument that recurrent processing (RP) produces the phenomenological sensations that form the contents of our conscious experiences. Importantly, he argues that this processing includes local intra-areal (i.e., horizontal connections) as well as local inter-areal feedback (i.e., from higher level sensory areas to lower level ones) interactions that occur within the sensory cortices. This has direct implications for what the contents of these experiences may be and the role that neuroscience can play in identifying them.
The Subjective Effects of Psychedelics May Not Be Necessary for Their Enduring Therapeutic Effects.
ACS pharmacology & translational science, 2021

Psychedelics represent one of the most promising classes of experimental medicines for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders due to their ability to promote neural plasticity and produce both rapid and sustained therapeutic effects following a single administration. Conventional wisdom holds that peak mystical experiences induced by psychedelics are a critical component of their therapeutic mechanisms of action, though evidence supporting that claim is largely correlational. Here, I present data suggesting that the subjective effects induced by psychedelics may not be necessary to produce long-lasting changes in mood and behavior. Understanding the role of subjective effects in the therapeutic mechanisms of psychedelics will have important implications for both basic neuroscience and for increasing patient access to the next generation of medicines developed as a result of psychedelic research.
LED Zappelin': An open source LED controller for arbitrary spectrum visual stimulation and optogenetics during 2-photon imaging.
HardwareX, 2020

Two-photon (2P) microscopy is a cornerstone technique in neuroscience research. However, combining 2P imaging with spectrally arbitrary light stimulation can be challenging due to crosstalk between stimulation light and fluorescence detection. To overcome this limitation, we present a simple and low-cost electronic solution based on an ESP32 microcontroller and a TLC5947 LED driver to rapidly time-interleave stimulation and detection epochs during scans. Implemented for less than $100, our design can independently drive up to 24 arbitrary spectrum LEDs to meet user requirements. We demonstrate the utility of our stimulator for colour vision experiments on the