rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
Toddler Sleep Challenges: All in a Day's Work.
Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP, 2019

Leo is a 26-month-old boy who you are seeing for an urgent care visit due to "sleep difficulty," particularly sleep onset. Since age 1, he screams, hits, and kicks his mother every day, starting after she gets home from work at 5 PM (or before the family's dinnertime on her days off) and escalating over the course of the evening until he "wears himself out" and falls asleep in a crib in his own room around 9 to 10 PM Once asleep, he sleeps well through the night and wakes easily around 7 AM in a pleasant mood; his mother leaves for work soon after he awakens. He naps after lunch for 2 to 3 hours on weekdays at an in-home child care with 1 to 2 adult caregivers and 5 other children aged 0 to 5 years. He refuses to nap at home.Leo goes to bed easily when his father puts him to bed if his mother is not at home, but his mother feels that evenings are the only time she can spend with Leo, and so, she tries to put him to bed most nights. However, because of Leo's behaviors at bedtime with her, she feels inadequate, depressed, and guilty; when she tries to disengage or allow her husband to help, Leo screams, "Mommy, mommy!" and tries to gain access to her and resists his father putting him to bed until his mother returns. Both parents worry that "he would not grow out of this," and his mother now avoids coming home from work for fear of Leo's behavior. Both parents feel that this situation is causing marital strain.Leo was born healthy at full-term and is an only child; pregnancy was complicated by hyperemesis gravidarum. Leo has been healthy and meeting developmental milestones. His parents describe his temperament as "like his father at that age," "easy, but never able to self-soothe," "intense" in his emotional reactions, persistent, "strong-willed and serious," and "shy and observant, withdrawn at first and then getting more pleasant after a while" in novel situations. Behaviorally, he engaged in noninjurious head-banging at home when upset between 12 and 15 months; bit children a few times at child care between 20 and 24 months; and lately refuses to share or will push other children at child care every few weeks. His parents recently read a book about parenting "spirited" children but did not find it helpful. What would you do next?
Combining parallel detection of proton echo planar spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI) measurements with a data-consistency constraint improves SNR.
NMR in biomedicine, 2015

One major challenge of MRSI is the poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which can be improved by using a surface coil array. Here we propose to exploit the spatial sensitivity of different channels of a coil array to enforce the k-space data consistency (DC) in order to suppress noise and consequently to improve MRSI SNR. MRSI data were collected using a proton echo planar spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI) sequence at 3 T using a 32-channel coil array and were averaged with one, two and eight measurements (avg-1, avg-2 and avg-8). The DC constraint was applied using a regularization parameter λ of 1, 2, 3, 5 or 10. Metabolite concentrations were quantified using LCModel. Our results show that the suppression of noise by applying the DC constraint to PEPSI reconstruction yields up to 32% and 27% SNR gain for avg-1 and avg-2 data with λ = 5, respectively. According to the reported Cramer-Rao lower bounds, the improvement in metabolic fitting was significant (p < 0.01) when the DC constraint was applied with λ ≥ 2. Using the DC constraint with λ = 3 or 5 can minimize both root-mean-square errors and spatial variation for all subjects using the avg-8 data set as reference values. Our results suggest that MRSI reconstructed with a DC constraint can save around 70% of scanning time to obtain images and spectra with similar SNRs using λ = 5.
Fat implant is superior to muscle implant in vestibular schwannoma surgery for the prevention of cerebrospinal fluid fistulae.
Neurosurgery, 2008

Meticulous sealing of opened air cells in the petrous bone is necessary for the prevention of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulae after vestibular schwannoma surgery. We performed a retrospective analysis to determine whether muscle or fat tissue is superior for this purpose.
Critical roles of astrocytic-CCL2-dependent monocyte infiltration in a DJ-1 knockout mouse model of delayed brain repair.
Glia, 2020

Monocyte-derived macrophages play a role in the repair of the injured brain. We previously reported that a deficiency of the Parkinson's disease (PD)-associated gene DJ-1 delays repair of brain injury produced by stereotaxic injection of ATP, a component of damage-associated molecular patterns. Here, we show that a DJ-1 deficiency attenuates monocyte infiltration into the damaged brain owing to a decrease in C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) expression in astrocytes. Like DJ-1-knockout (KO) mice, CCL2 receptor (CCR2)-KO mice showed defects in monocyte infiltration and delayed recovery of brain injury, as determined by 9.4 T magnetic resonance imaging analysis and immunostaining for tyrosine hydroxylase and glial fibrillary acid protein. Notably, transcriptome analyses showed that genes related to regeneration and synapse formation were similarly downregulated in injured brains of DJ-1-KO and CCR2-KO mice compared with the injured wild-type brain. These results indicate that defective astrogliosis in DJ-1-KO mice is associated with decreased CCL2 expression and attenuated monocyte infiltration, resulting in delayed repair of brain injury. Thus, delayed repair of brain injury could contribute to the development of PD. MAIN POINTS: A DJ-1 deficiency attenuates infiltration of monocytes owing to a decrease in CCL2 expression in astrocytes, which in turn led to delay in repair of brain injury.
Brain Networks Processing Temporal Information in Dynamic Facial Expressions.
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 2020

This fMRI study examines the role of local and global motion information in facial movements during exposure to novel dynamic face stimuli. We found that synchronous expressions distinctively engaged medial prefrontal areas in the rostral and caudal sectors of anterior cingulate cortex (r/cACC) extending to inferior supplementary motor areas, as well as motor cortex and bilateral superior frontal gyrus (global temporal-spatial processing). Asynchronous expressions in which one part of the face unfolded before the other activated more the right superior temporal sulcus (STS) and inferior frontal gyrus (local temporal-spatial processing). These differences in temporal dynamics had no effect on visual face-responsive areas. Dynamic causal modeling analysis further showed that processing of asynchronous expression features was associated with a differential information flow, centered on STS, which received direct input from occipital cortex and projected to the amygdala. Moreover, STS and amygdala displayed selective interactions with cACC where the integration of both local and global motion cues could take place. These results provide new evidence for a role of local and global temporal dynamics in emotional expressions, extracted in partly separate brain pathways. Importantly, we show that dynamic expressions with synchronous movement cues may distinctively engage brain areas responsible for motor execution of expressions.
Updating and characterizing neuroanatomical markers in high-risk subjects, recently diagnosed and chronic patients with schizophrenia: A revised coordinate-based meta-analysis.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2021

Characterizing neuroanatomical markers of different stages of schizophrenia (SZ) to assess pathophysiological models of how the disorder develops is an important target for the clinical practice. We performed a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies of genetic and clinical high-risk subjects (g-/c-HR), recently diagnosed (RDSZ) and chronic SZ patients (ChSZ). We quantified gray matter (GM) changes associated with these four conditions and compared them with contrast and conjunctional data. We performed the behavioral analysis and networks decomposition of alterations to obtain their functional characterization. Results reveal a cortical-subcortical, left-to-right homotopic progression of GM loss. The right anterior cingulate is the only altered region found altered among c-HR, RDSZ and ChSZ. Contrast analyses show left-lateralized insular, amygdalar and parahippocampal GM reduction in RDSZ, which appears bilateral in ChSZ. Functional decomposition shows involvement of the salience network, with an enlargement of the sensorimotor network in RDSZ and the thalamus-basal nuclei network in ChSZ. These findings support the current neuroprogressive models of SZ and integrate this deterioration with the clinical evolution of the disease.
The association between loneliness and depressive symptoms among adults aged 50 years and older: a 12-year population-based cohort study.
The lancet. Psychiatry, 2021

Loneliness is experienced by a third of older adults in the UK and is a modifiable potential risk factor for depressive symptoms. It is unclear how the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms persists over time, and whether it is independent of related social constructs and genetic confounders. We aimed to investigate the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms, assessed on multiple occasions during 12 years of follow-up, in a large, nationally representative cohort of adults aged 50 years and older in England.
Anatomic Study of Nutrient Foramina of Posterior Axis with Application to C2 Pedicle Screw Placement.
World neurosurgery, 2018

Pedicle screws placed into C2 necessitate a thorough understanding of this bone's unique anatomy. Although multiple landmarks and measurements have been used by surgeons, these are often varied in the literature with no consensus. Herein, we studied one recently proposed landmark using the nutrient foramina of the posterior aspect of C2 for pedicle screw placement.
Special Issue-"Diseases of the Salivary Glands".
Journal of clinical medicine, 2020

Salivary glands (SGs) are of the utmost importance for maintaining the health of the oral cavity and carrying out physiological functions such as mastication, protection of teeth, perception of food taste, and speech [...].
Assessing the effective connectivity of premotor areas during real vs imagined grasping: a DCM-PEB approach.
NeuroImage, 2021

The parieto-frontal circuit underlying grasping, which requires the serial involvement of the anterior intraparietal area (aIPs) and the ventral premotor cortex (PMv), has been recently extended enlightening the role of the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd). The supplementary motor area (SMA) has been also suggested to encode grip force for grasping actions; furthermore, both PMd and SMA are known to play a crucial role in motor imagery. Here, we aimed at assessing the dynamic couplings between left aIPs, PMv, PMd, SMA and primary motor cortex (M1) by comparing executed and imagined right-hand grasping, using Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM) and Parametrical Empirical Bayes (PEB) analyses. 24 subjects underwent an fMRI exam (3T) during which they were asked to perform or imagine a grasping movement visually cued by photographs of commonly used objects. We tested whether the two conditions a) exert a modulatory effect on both forward and feedback couplings among our areas of interest, and b) differ in terms of strength and sign of these parameters. Results of the real condition confirmed the serial involvement of aIPs, PMv and M1. PMv also exerted a positive influence on PMd and SMA, but received an inhibitory feedback only from PMd. Our results suggest that a general motor program for grasping is planned by the aIPs-PMv circuit; then, PMd and SMA encode high-level features of the movement. During imagery, the connection strength from aIPs to PMv was weaker and the information flow stopped in PMv; thus, a less complex motor program was planned. Moreover, results suggest that SMA and PMd cooperate to prevent motor execution. In conclusion, the comparison between execution and imagery reveals that during grasping premotor areas dynamically interplay in different ways, depending on task demands.
Genetically engineered human cortical spheroid models of tuberous sclerosis.
Nature medicine, 2018

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem developmental disorder caused by mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, whose protein products are negative regulators of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling. Hallmark pathologies of TSC are cortical tubers-regions of dysmorphic, disorganized neurons and glia in the cortex that are linked to epileptogenesis. To determine the developmental origin of tuber cells, we established human cellular models of TSC by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing of TSC1 or TSC2 in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Using heterozygous TSC2 hPSCs with a conditional mutation in the functional allele, we show that mosaic biallelic inactivation during neural progenitor expansion is necessary for the formation of dysplastic cells and increased glia production in three-dimensional cortical spheroids. Our findings provide support for the second-hit model of cortical tuber formation and suggest that variable developmental timing of somatic mutations could contribute to the heterogeneity in the neurological presentation of TSC.
Chemospecific deficits in taste sensitivity following bilateral or right hemispheric gustatory cortex lesions in rats.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 2020

Our prior studies showed bilateral gustatory cortex (GC) lesions significantly impair taste sensitivity to salts (NaCl and KCl) and quinine ("bitter") but not to sucrose ("sweet"). The range of qualitative tastants tested here has been extended in a theoretically relevant way to include the maltodextrin, Maltrin, a preferred stimulus by rats thought to represent a unique taste quality, and the "sour" stimulus citric acid; NaCl was also included as a positive control. Male rats (Sprague-Dawley) with histologically confirmed neurotoxin-induced bilateral (BGCX, n = 13), or right (RGCX, n = 13) or left (LGCX, n = 9) unilateral GC lesions and sham-operated controls (SHAM, n = 16) were trained to discriminate a tastant from water in an operant two-response detection task. A mapping system was used to determine placement, size, and symmetry (when bilateral) of the lesion. BGCX significantly impaired taste sensitivity to NaCl, as expected, but not to Maltrin or citric acid, emulating our prior results with sucrose. However, in the case of citric acid, there was some disruption in performance at higher concentrations. Interestingly, RGCX, but not LGCX, also significantly impaired taste sensitivity, but only to NaCl, suggesting some degree of lateralized function. Taken together with our prior findings, extensive bilateral lesions in GC do not disrupt basic taste signal detection to all taste stimuli uniformly. Moreover, GC lesions do not preclude the ability of rats to learn and perform the task, clearly demonstrating that, in its absence, other brain regions are able to maintain sensory-discriminative taste processing, albeit with attenuated sensitivity for select stimuli.
The interface of self psychology, infant research, and neuroscience in clinical practice.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2009

This article focuses on the integration of self psychology with findings from infant research and neuroscience. While Kohut's psychology of the self provides a useful theoretical model for psychoanalytic practice, aspects of infant research and neuroscience offer specificity and nuance to basic self-psychological concepts. Kohut proposed that self-psychological psychoanalysis ameliorates derailed development through patient-analyst interaction, while a listening stance of empathic immersion begins the curative process of derailed development and sets the stage for reparative psychoanalytic work. Findings from infant research delineate much more specifically the nature of attunement both in early mother-infant and analyst-patient interactions. Findings from neuroscientific research delineate how early mother-infant experiences are encoded in implicit memory and explicates the emotional substrate of affects and feelings. This emotional substrate exists at birth and provides a means of communication both in infancy and adulthood. Additionally, infant research delineates the mutuality of the interactive process. Thus, both infant research and neuroscience add subtlety and nuance to basic self-psychological concepts. This subtlety opens up new ways of understanding patients and expands the clinical repertoire. Three clinical vignettes demonstrate how this nuance and expansion of self-psychological concepts are applied in the context of an ongoing psychoanalytic treatment.
Building a virtual archive using brain architecture and Web 3D to deliver neuropsychopharmacology content over the Internet.
Computer methods and programs in biomedicine, 2008

The vast amount of heterogeneous data generated in various fields of neurosciences such as neuropsychopharmacology can hardly be classified using traditional databases. We present here the concept of a virtual archive, spatially referenced over a simplified 3D brain map and accessible over the Internet. A simple prototype (available at http://aquatics.crs4.it/neuropsydat3d) has been realized using current Web-based virtual reality standards and technologies. It illustrates how primary literature or summary information can easily be retrieved through hyperlinks mapped onto a 3D schema while navigating through neuroanatomy. Furthermore, 3D navigation and visualization techniques are used to enhance the representation of brain's neurotransmitters, pathways and the involvement of specific brain areas in any particular physiological or behavioral functions. The system proposed shows how the use of a schematic spatial organization of data, widely exploited in other fields (e.g. Geographical Information Systems) can be extremely useful to develop efficient tools for research and teaching in neurosciences.
Efficiency of enrollment in a successful phase II acute stroke clinical trial.
Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association, 2012

Recruitment challenges are common in acute stroke clinical trials. In a population-based study, we determined eligibility and actual enrollment for a successful, phase II acute stroke clinical trial. We hypothesized that missed opportunities for enrollment of eligible patients occurred frequently, despite the success of the trial.
Malnutrition is associated with increased risk of hospital admission and death in the first 18 months of institutionalization.
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2020

This study aimed to investigate the association between different nutritional and anthropometric parameters with the risk of hospitalizations and death within 18 months from nursing home admission. Our hypothesis was that measures of malnutrition could be more strongly associated with worse clinical outcomes than measures of overweight/obesity.
Collinear facilitation and contour integration in autistic adults: Examining lateral and feedback connectivity.
Vision research, 2020

Alongside difficulties with communication and social interaction, autism is often accompanied by unusual sensory and perceptual experiences including enhanced visual performance on tasks that involve separating local parts from global context. This superiority may be the result of atypical integrative processing, involving feedback and lateral connections between visual neurons. The current study investigated the integrity of these connections in autistic adults by examining two psychophysics tasks that rely on these processes - collinear facilitation and contour integration. The relative contribution of feedback and lateral connectivity was studied by altering the timing of the target relative to the flankers in the collinear facilitation task, in 16 autistic and 16 non-autistic adults. There were no significant differences in facilitation between the autistic and non-autistic groups, indicating that for this task and participant sample, lateral and feedback connectivity appear relatively intact in autistic individuals. Contour integration was examined in a different group of 20 autistic and 18 non-autistic individuals, for open and closed contours to assess the closure effect (improved detection of closed compared to open contours). Autistic individuals showed a reduced closure effect at both short (150 ms) and longer (500 ms) stimulus presentation durations that was driven by better performance of the autistic group for the open contours. These results suggest that reduced closure in a simple contour detection paradigm is unlikely to be due to slower global processing. Reduced closure has implications for understanding sensory overload by contributing to reduced figure-ground segregation of salient visual features.
Epilepsy in inherited neurotransmitter disorders: Spotlights on pathophysiology and clinical management.
Metabolic brain disease, 2021

Inborn errors of neurotransmitter metabolism are ultrarare disorders affecting neurotransmitter biosynthesis, breakdown or transport or their essential cofactors. Neurotransmitter dysfunctions could also result from the impairment of neuronal receptors, intracellular signaling, vesicle release or other synaptic abnormalities. Epilepsy is the main clinical hallmark in some of these diseases (e.g. disorders of GABA metabolism, glycine encephalopathy) while it is infrequent in others (e.g. all the disorders of monoamine metabolism in exception for dihydropteridine reductase deficiency). This review analyzes the epileptogenic mechanisms, the epilepsy phenotypes and the principle for the clinical management of epilepsy in primary and secondary inherited disorders of neurotransmitter metabolism (disorders of GABA, serine and glycine metabolism, disorders of neurotransmitter receptors and secondary neurotransmitter diseases).
Use of optokinetic chart stimulation to restore mobility and reduce ataxia in a patient with pseudo-Cushing ataxia.
BMJ case reports, 2018

A 61-year-old patient was admitted to hospital after a fall. She presented with bilateral muscle weakness and severe ataxia. She was unable to maintain sitting balance or place feet on the floor and was unable to tolerate hoist transfers due to the severity of her ataxia. Nursing and physiotherapy staff found it difficult to sit her out of bed. Her physiotherapy intervention changed to optokinetic chart stimulation (OKCS) and sensory interaction for balance. After treatment for 5 days, her intention tremor fully resolved. At discharge, she was mobile with a wheeled zimmer walking frame and supervision of one person. At follow-up after 8 months, she was independently mobile without any walking aid in and around her house. She was going out shopping with her son. For recovery from ataxia, it is recommended that further research on restorative intervention at the nervous system level be carried out.
A dual-fluorophore sensor approach for ratiometric fluorescence imaging of potassium in living cells.
Chemical science, 2020

Potassium is the most abundant intracellular metal in the body, playing vital roles in regulating intracellular fluid volume, nutrient transport, and cell-to-cell communication through nerve and muscle contraction. On the other hand, aberrant alterations in K
Open-label study with the monoamine stabilizer (-)-OSU6162 in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.
Brain and behavior, 2021

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the safety and tolerability of the monoaminergic stabilizer (-)-OSU6162 in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). In addition, a potential therapeutic effect of (-)-OSU6162 in ME/CFS was evaluated by means of observer-rated scales and self-assessment rating scales.