rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of the interpositus nucleus during unpaired extinction does not prevent extinction of conditioned eyeblink responses or conditioning-specific reflex modification.
Behavioral neuroscience, 2019

For almost 75 years, classical eyeblink conditioning has been an invaluable tool for assessing associative learning processes across many species, thanks to its high translatability and well-defined neural circuitry. Our laboratory has adapted the paradigm to extensively detail associative changes in the rabbit reflexive eyeblink response (unconditioned response, UR), characterized by postconditioning increases in the frequency, size, and latency of the UR when the periorbital shock unconditioned stimulus (US) is presented alone, termed conditioning-specific reflex modification (CRM). Because the shape and timing of CRM closely resembles the conditioned eyeblink response (CR) to the tone conditioned stimulus (CS), we previously tested whether CRs and CRM share a common neural substrate, the interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum (IP), and found that IP inactivation during conditioning blocked the development of both CRs and the timing aspect of CRM. The goal of the current study was to examine whether extinction of CRs and CRM timing, accomplished simultaneously with unpaired CS/US extinction, also involves the IP. Results showed that muscimol inactivation of the IP during extinction blocked CR expression but not extinction of CRs or CRM timing, contrasting with the literature showing IP inactivation prevents CR extinction during CS-alone presentations. The continued presence of the US throughout the unpaired extinction procedure may have been sufficient to overcome IP blockade, promoting plasticity in the cerebellar cortex and/or extracerebellar components of the eyeblink conditioning pathway that can modulate extinction of CRs and CRM timing. Results therefore add support to the distributed plasticity view of cerebellar learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Control of Orienting Movements and Locomotion by Projection-Defined Subsets of Brainstem V2a Neurons.
Current biology : CB, 2020

Spatial orientation requires the execution of lateralized movements and a change in the animal's heading in response to multiple sensory modalities. While much research has focused on the circuits for sensory integration, chiefly to the midbrain superior colliculus (SC), the downstream cells and circuits that engage adequate motor actions have remained elusive. Furthermore, the mechanisms supporting trajectory changes are still speculative. Here, using transneuronal viral tracings in mice, we show that brainstem V2a neurons, a genetically defined subtype of glutamatergic neurons of the reticular formation, receive putative synaptic inputs from the contralateral SC. This makes them a candidate relay of lateralized orienting commands. We next show that unilateral optogenetic activations of brainstem V2a neurons in vivo evoked ipsilateral orienting-like responses of the head and the nose tip on stationary mice. When animals are walking, similar stimulations impose a transient locomotor arrest followed by a change of trajectory. Third, we reveal that these distinct motor actions are controlled by dedicated V2a subsets each projecting to a specific spinal cord segment, with at least (1) a lumbar-projecting subset whose unilateral activation specifically controls locomotor speed but neither impacts trajectory nor evokes orienting movements, and (2) a cervical-projecting subset dedicated to head orientation, but not to locomotor speed. Activating the latter subset suffices to steer the animals' directional heading, placing the head orientation as the prime driver of locomotor trajectory. V2a neurons and their modular organization may therefore underlie the orchestration of multiple motor actions during multi-faceted orienting behaviors.
Prospective study on a fast-track training in psychiatry for medical students: the psychiatric hat game.
BMC medical education, 2020

While medical students are losing interest in lectures in favor of other educational materials, many studies suggest the benefit of active learning, combined with gamified educational tools. The authors developed a psychiatric adaptation of the « Hat Game ». It was hypothesised that this game would increase both knowledge and motivation in medical students toward psychiatric semiology. The aim of the study was to assess the benefit of a Psychiatric Hat Game session for learning psychiatric symptoms in third-year medical students. Student performance was also evaluated at 3 months.
Patient with a spontaneously evolving carotid cavernous fistula in the emergency department.
Ideggyogyaszati szemle, 2017

Background - Approximately 2% of patients admitted to the emergency department present with headache, which is often associated with vomiting, ocular pain, and earache. In rare cases, the presence of an abnormal communication between a cavernous sinus and the carotid arterial system that creates a carotid cavernous fistula is the main cause of these symptoms. Case presentation - A 32-year-old woman presented at the emergency department with unilateral headache associated with earache on the same side, and pulsating tinnitus. On examination, we observed unusual appearance of our patient (small stature, unusually visible skin, lobeless ears). In the first 5 hours of our observation no neurological symptoms had been present, but after a severe vomiting, exophthalmos, subconjunctival suffusion and moderate ptosis developed. First, regarding the initial general symptoms, otorhinolaryngologist assessed the patient, and did not find any abnormality. Further, we ordered computed tomography and consulted a neurologist. Despite of the negative results we continued the observation because her symptoms did not improve. After appearance of neurological symp-toms, carotid cavernous fistula was suspected. Magnetic resonance imaging and ophthalmologist consultation verified the diagnosis. For therapy, she was transferred to interventional neuroradiology. Because of the unusual appearance and carotic cavernous fistula, we ordered genetic examination. This indicated the presence of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV in the background. The first major manifestation of the syndrome was observed at our department. Conclusions - Carotid cavernous fistula is an uncommon diagnosis in the emergency department; however, the early recognition of symptoms and early treatment can prevent further consequences of this potentially severe condition.
Anticoagulant Medications and Operative Subdural Hematomas: A Retrospective Cohort Study Evaluating Reoperation Rates.
World neurosurgery, 2020

Anticoagulant therapy is common and complicates the operative management of acute and mixed-density subdural hematomas (SDHs). The risk of reoperation inferred by anticoagulant (AC) medication and the ability of reversal agents to reduce hemorrhagic complications in patients presenting with AC-associated SDHs are not fully understood.
Correction to: Regional [
European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2020

The authors regret to inform readers that the following error was detected in the original article. The values for entorhinal, limbic and neortical SUVr were switched between SCD Aβ + and Aβ- in Table 1 and have now been corrected. Unnecessary symbols in Table 2 have been removed.
A Low-Cost, Odor-Reward Association Task for Tests of Learning and Memory.
Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2020

Robust and simple behavioral paradigms of appetitive, associative memory are crucial for researchers interested in cellular and molecular mechanisms of memory. In this paper, an effective and low-cost mouse behavioral protocol is described for examining the effects of physiological manipulation (such as the infusion of pharmacological agents) on the learning rate and duration of odor-reward memory. Representative results are provided from a study examining the differential role of tyrosine kinase receptor activity in short-term (STM) and long-term memory (LTM). Male mice were conditioned to associate a reward (sugar pellet) with one of the two odors, and their memory for the association was tested 2 or 48 h later. Immediately prior to the training, a tyrosine kinase (Trk) receptor inhibitor or vehicle infusions were delivered into the olfactory bulb (OB). Although there was no effect of the infusion on the learning rate, blockade of the Trk receptors in the OB selectively impaired LTM (48 h), and not short-term memory (STM; 2 h). The LTM impairment was attributed to the diminished odor selectivity as measured by the length of the digging time. The culmination of the results of this experiment showed that Trk receptor activation in the OB is the key in olfactory memory consolidation.
An asymptotic theory for cross-correlation between auto-correlated sequences and its application on neuroimaging data.
Journal of neuroscience methods, 2018

Functional connectivity is among the most important tools to study brain. The correlation coefficient, between time series of different brain areas, is the most popular method to quantify functional connectivity. Correlation coefficient in practical use assumes the data to be temporally independent. However, the time series data of brain can manifest significant temporal auto-correlation.
Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis after Unsuccessful Mechanical Thrombectomy in the STRATIS Registry.
AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 2021

Recent data suggest that intra-arterial thrombolytics may be a safe rescue therapy for patients with acute ischemic stroke after unsuccessful mechanical thrombectomy; however, safety and efficacy remain unclear. Here, we evaluate the use of intra-arterial rtPA as a rescue therapy in the Systematic Evaluation of Patients Treated with Neurothrombectomy Devices for Acute Ischemic Stroke (STRATIS) registry.
Can Pioglitazone Safeguard Patients of Lichen Planus Against Homocysteine Induced Accelerated Cardiovascular Aging and Reduced Myocardial Performance: A Systematic Review.
Cureus, 2020

Lichen planus (L.P.) is a long-standing mucocutaneous inflammatory condition. A less familiar but essential illness association is increased arterial stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, and advanced atherosclerosis. Enhanced cardiac reconditioning and reduced performance of the heart have been suggested. Thiazolidinediones were commenced to manage hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. Recently, the class attained popularity after its action on vascular physiology was discovered. With this review, we attempted to explore whether an antidiabetic drug, pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPAR gamma) agonist, can defend patients of lichen planus against increased arterial stiffness and cardiac changes. We methodically screened numerous databases using focused words and phrases for relevant articles. After a comprehensive exploration, we applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria and performed a quality appraisal. Items retained were exhaustively studied. High homocysteine (HHcy) levels in lichen planus play a significant role in modifying the arteries and leading to their dysfunction. Not only does homocysteine affect the precursor cells, but it also increases the free radical damage. Arterial damage and upraised resistance encountered by the heart reduce its performance. After an exhaustive analysis, in our opinion, pioglitazone works in various miscellaneous ways to mitigate the homocysteine mediated changes. Early inclusion of the drug in managing patients with lichen planus seems promising in minimizing the harmful effects of high homocysteine. Evaluating the risk-benefit ratio, we believe that a trial of pioglitazone could be given to patients without underlying cardiac conditions.
Cultural neuroscience and the research domain criteria: Implications for global mental health.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2020

A comprehensive understanding of the basic molecular and cellular mechanisms of the brain is important for the scientific discovery of root causes, risk and protective factors for mental disorders in global mental health. Systematic research in cultural neuroscience within the research domain criteria (RDoC) framework investigates the fundamental biobehavioral dimensions and observable behavior across cultures. Cultural dimensions are characterized in elements of circuit-based mechanisms and behavior across a range of analysis. Research approaches in cultural neuroscience within the RDoC framework advance the evidence-based resources for the development and implementation of cures, preventions and interventions to mental disorders in global mental health. This review presents a novel synthesis of foundations in cultural neuroscience within the research domain criteria framework to advance integrative, translational efforts in discovery and delivery science of mental disorders across cultural contexts in global mental health.
In vivo bioluminescent imaging of Schwann cells in a poly(DL-lactide-epsilon-caprolactone) nerve guide.
Muscle & nerve, 2009

Nerve guides seeded with Schwann cells (SCs) promote axonal regeneration in peripheral nerve lesions. We examined the applicability of bioluminescent imaging (BLI) for monitoring the fate of SCs in nerve guides after implantation. Rat SCs were transfected with the firefly luciferase (Fluc) gene and subsequently seeded in nerve guides, which were implanted subcutaneously in rats. In vivo bioluminescence of transfected SCs (Fluc-SCs) was assessed with a BLI system. Scans were validated ex vivo using immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. We found that BLI enables longitudinal in vivo monitoring of Fluc-SCs, given that proper access of luciferin to the cells is assured.
Motor learning in real-world pool billiards.
Scientific reports, 2020

The neurobehavioral mechanisms of human motor-control and learning evolved in free behaving, real-life settings, yet this is studied mostly in reductionistic lab-based experiments. Here we take a step towards a more real-world motor neuroscience using wearables for naturalistic full-body motion-tracking and the sports of pool billiards to frame a real-world skill learning experiment. First, we asked if well-known features of motor learning in lab-based experiments generalize to a real-world task. We found similarities in many features such as multiple learning rates, and the relationship between task-related variability and motor learning. Our data-driven approach reveals the structure and complexity of movement, variability, and motor learning, enabling an in-depth understanding of the structure of motor learning in three ways: First, while expecting most of the movement learning is done by the cue-wielding arm, we find that motor learning affects the whole body, changing motor-control from head to toe. Second, during learning, all subjects decreased their movement variability and their variability in the outcome. Subjects who were initially more variable were also more variable after learning. Lastly, when screening the link across subjects between initial variability in individual joints and learning, we found that only the initial variability in the right forearm supination shows a significant correlation to the subjects' learning rates. This is in-line with the relationship between learning and variability: while learning leads to an overall reduction in movement variability, only initial variability in specific task-relevant dimensions can facilitate faster learning.
Cingulate Cortex Structural Alterations in Substance Use Disorder Psychiatric Inpatients.
The American journal on addictions, 2021

Substance use disorder (SUD) includes maladaptive patterns of substance use despite negative consequences. Previous structural neuroimaging studies showed some structural alterations in SUD, but it remains unknown whether these alterations are specifically associated with SUD or common comorbidities. This study attempts to validate the findings of structural differences between SUD, healthy controls (HC), and psychiatric controls (PC).
Spontaneous rupture of middle fossa arachnoid cysts: surgical series from a single center pediatric hospital and literature review.
Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, 2020

Arachnoid cysts may present with symptoms deriving from cyst rupture, usually causing intracystic hemorrhage and subdural hematoma or hygroma. Rupture is usually caused by minor trauma, spontaneous rupture is an exceptional event, and 57 cases have been described in literature. We here present and discuss the largest series of spontaneously ruptured middle fossa arachnoid cysts in order to investigate clinical presentation and best treatment available.
SEXRAT MALE: A smartphone and tablet application to annotate and process live sexual behavior in male rodents.
Journal of neuroscience methods, 2019

In behavioral neuroscience studies, it is essential to accurately and easily record rodent sexual behavior. However, current systems are complex, expensive and often require a computer that hinders their use in situ.
Which are the best questionnaires to longitudinally evaluate mindfulness skills in personality disorders?
Journal of affective disorders, 2020

Personality disorders (PDs) are severe mental illnesses, characterized by inflexible and enduring response patterns in a broad range of personal and social situations. With the aim of identifying effective and evidence-based interventions, in the last decades we observed a flourishing of the so-called "thirdwave" cognitive-behavioural therapies, where mindfulness appears as relevant factor in promoting individual well-being and treatment response. In this regard, several authors tried to develop new instruments that enable to measure mindfulness skills, such as the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS). The aim of this review is to provide new insights about the mindfulness questionnaires currently used in longitudinal studies in PDs by providing a benchmark for future studies evaluating mindfulness changes associated to therapeutic interventions.
Baseline results from the European non-interventional Antipsychotic Long acTing injection in schizOphrenia (ALTO) study.
European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 2018

The Antipsychotic Long-acTing injection in schizOphrenia (ALTO) study was a non-interventional study across several European countries examining prescription of long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics to identify sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients receiving and physicians prescribing LAIs. ALTO was also the first large-scale study in Europe to report on the use of both first- or second-generation antipsychotic (FGA- or SGA-) LAIs.
Dual targeting of brain region-specific kinases potentiates neurological rescue in Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1.
The EMBO journal, 2021

A critical question in neurodegeneration is why the accumulation of disease-driving proteins causes selective neuronal loss despite their brain-wide expression. In Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), accumulation of polyglutamine-expanded Ataxin-1 (ATXN1) causes selective degeneration of cerebellar and brainstem neurons. Previous studies revealed that inhibiting Msk1 reduces phosphorylation of ATXN1 at S776 as well as its levels leading to improved cerebellar function. However, there are no regulators that modulate ATXN1 in the brainstem-the brain region whose pathology is most closely linked to premature death. To identify new regulators of ATXN1, we performed genetic screens and identified a transcription factor-kinase axis (ZBTB7B-RSK3) that regulates ATXN1 levels. Unlike MSK1, RSK3 is highly expressed in the human and mouse brainstems where it regulates Atxn1 by phosphorylating S776. Reducing Rsk3 rescues brainstem-associated pathologies and deficits, and lowering Rsk3 and Msk1 together improves cerebellar and brainstem function in an SCA1 mouse model. Our results demonstrate that selective vulnerability of brain regions in SCA1 is governed by region-specific regulators of ATXN1, and targeting multiple regulators could rescue multiple degenerating brain areas.
Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis of Stroke in 22 000 Individuals of African Descent Identifies Novel Associations With Stroke.
Stroke, 2020

Stroke is a complex disease with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. Blacks endure a nearly 2-fold greater risk of stroke and are 2× to 3× more likely to die from stroke than European Americans.
Effects of Lifelong Musicianship on White Matter Integrity and Cognitive Brain Reserve.
Brain sciences, 2021

There is a significant body of research that has identified specific, high-end cognitive demand activities and lifestyles that may play a role in building cognitive brain reserve, including volume changes in gray matter and white matter, increased structural connectivity, and enhanced categorical perception. While normal aging produces trends of decreasing white matter (WM) integrity, research on cognitive brain reserve suggests that complex sensory-motor activities across the life span may slow down or reverse these trends. Previous research has focused on structural and functional changes to the human brain caused by training and experience in both linguistic (especially bilingualism) and musical domains. The current research uses diffusion tensor imaging to examine the integrity of subcortical white matter fiber tracts in lifelong musicians. Our analysis, using Tortoise and ICBM-81, reveals higher fractional anisotropy, an indicator of greater WM integrity, in aging musicians in bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculi and bilateral uncinate fasciculi. Statistical methods used include Fisher's method and linear regression analysis. Another unique aspect of this study is the accompanying behavioral performance data for each participant. This is one of the first studies to look specifically at musicianship across the life span and its impact on bilateral WM integrity in aging.
Trem2 Y38C mutation and loss of Trem2 impairs neuronal synapses in adult mice.
Molecular neurodegeneration, 2020

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is expressed in the brain exclusively on microglia and genetic variants are linked to neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Nasu Hakola Disease (NHD). The Trem2 variant R47H, confers substantially elevated risk of developing late onset Alzheimer's disease, while NHD-linked Trem2 variants like Y38C, are associated with development of early onset dementia with white matter pathology. However, it is not known how these Trem2 species, predisposes individuals to presenile dementia.
Correction to: The pulvinar nucleus and antidepressant treatment: dynamic modeling of antidepressant response and remission with ultra-high field functional MRI.
Molecular psychiatry, 2019

The author list was presented as last name, first name. The names should have been listed as:Christoph Kraus, Manfred Klöbl, Martin Tik, Bastian Auer, Thomas Vanicek, Nicole Geissberger, Daniela M. Pfabigan, Andreas Hahn, Michael Woletz, Katharina Paul, Arkadiusz Komorowski, Siegfried Kasper, Christian Windischberger, Claus Lamm, Rupert Lanzenberger.