rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
Drunk, dangerous and delusional: how legal concept-creep risks overcriminalization.
Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2020

In the recent case of R v. Taj, the Court of Appeal of England and Wales upheld the conviction of a defendant who, in a psychotic delusional state, mistook his non-threatening victim to be a terrorist, violently attacking him. The law typically allows honest mistakes (even if unreasonable) as a basis for self-defence (in this case the defence of others). However, because Taj's delusions were found by the court to have been caused by voluntary alcohol consumption, special legal (prior-fault) intoxication rules were applied to block his defence; Taj was convicted and sentenced to 19 years imprisonment for attempted murder.
[Not Available].
Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene, 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic emergency, all non-urgent surgical procedures including elective spine surgery were performed. Now many countries have passed over the epidemic peak and the time to organize re-opening of non-essential activities has come. After the emergency phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the viral outbreak is supposed to reduce but will not reasonably disappear until a vaccine is available. Resuming elective spine surgery while ensuring safety for patients and healthcare workers has become an issue of critical importance. We propose a simple algorithm with the aim to help worldwide spine surgeons in management of elective spine surgery cases after the COVID-19 emergency ensuring safety for patients and healthcare workers.
Bursting by taste-responsive cells in the rodent brain stem.
Journal of neurophysiology, 2015

Neurons that fire in bursts have been well-characterized in vision and other neural systems, but not in taste systems. We therefore examined whether brain stem gustatory neurons fire in bursts during spontaneous activity and, if so, whether such cells differ from nonbursting cells in other characteristics. We looked at neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) of C57BL/6ByJ (B6) and 129P3/J (129) mice, and in the NST and parabrachial nucleus (PBN) of Sprague-Dawley rats. Many NST cells fired frequently with short intervals characteristic of bursting, and such neurons differed from others in their responsiveness to taste compounds. In B6 mice and rats, there was a significant positive correlation between the prevalence of short-interval firing and the net spikes evoked by application of NaCl. In contrast, in 129 mice the prevalence of short intervals was positively correlated with the size of sucrose responses. We also compared breadth-of-tuning measures based on counting either all spikes or only those following short intervals, and we found narrower tuning for the latter in the NST of B6 mice and rats. There was little evidence of spontaneous bursting in the rat PBN, and firing patterns in this nucleus were not related to the size of taste-evoked responses. We suggest that bursting may be a strategy employed by the NST to amplify the postsynaptic impact of particular taste stimuli, depending on an animal's needs. Another function may be to sharpen breadth-of-tuning and thus enhance the contrast between stimuli of different taste qualities.
Trends in antihypertensive drug prescription patterns among ambulatory stroke patients in the United States, 2000-2009.
Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association, 2013

Although the ambulatory setting is recognized as the best arena for optimizing antihypertensive drug treatment after a stroke, little is known about recent office-based antihypertensive drug treatment patterns in the United States. We assessed national trends in antihypertensive treatment for stroke patients in office-based medical practice.
Native vs. second language discrimination in the modulation of the N400/N400m.
The European journal of neuroscience, 2017

The N400 evoked response component, initially proposed as a marker of semantic incongruity, was later demonstrated to be evoked by various potentially meaningful stimuli, such as words or pseudowords. The present study tested whether the N400 elicited by isolated words and pseudowords was modulated by task instructions thus reflecting controlled processing of linguistic information. In two language discrimination tasks, Finnish adults with English as their second language detected either Finnish or English nouns in a list of Finnish and English words and pseudowords. The same set of stimuli, presented in a random order, was used for both tasks. The amplitudes of both the evoked potentials and their magnetic counterparts were task-language dependent. In both tasks, task-language pseudowords elicited more negative evoked potentials (N400 and P600) than non-task-language pseudowords or words. The left temporal source of the evoked magnetic field was activated more strongly by English than Finnish pseudowords in the English task. This source was also activated more strongly by English pseudowords in the English task than in the Finnish task. However, no similar enhancement of the evoked magnetic field by Finnish pseudowords was observed in the Finnish task. This finding suggests that at the level of multimodal temporal cortex around the superior temporal sulcus, the native language is processed more automatically than the second language and that the controlled processing of linguistic information reflected by the N400 potential is accomplished by a broader neural network extending beyond the association temporal areas.
K
Glia, 2021

Astrocyte heterogeneity is an emerging concept in which astrocytes within or between brain regions show variable morphological and/or gene expression profiles that presumably reflect different functional roles. Recent evidence indicates that retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) astrocytes sense changes in tissue CO
The probability of response after each subcutaneous injection of esketamine in treatment-resistant depression.
Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental, 2020

The administration of multiple esketamine doses has shown efficacy for unipolar and bipolar treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Nevertheless, the probability of responding or not after each dose in the real-world remains unknown. This study aimed to estimate it throughout four doses of esketamine, administrated via subcutaneous (SC).
Top-Down Control of Sweet and Bitter Taste in the Mammalian Brain.
Cell, 2021

Hardwired circuits encoding innate responses have emerged as an essential feature of the mammalian brain. Sweet and bitter evoke opposing predetermined behaviors. Sweet drives appetitive responses and consumption of energy-rich food sources, whereas bitter prevents ingestion of toxic chemicals. Here we identified and characterized the neurons in the brainstem that transmit sweet and bitter signals from the tongue to the cortex. Next we examined how the brain modulates this hardwired circuit to control taste behaviors. We dissect the basis for bitter-evoked suppression of sweet taste and show that the taste cortex and amygdala exert strong positive and negative feedback onto incoming bitter and sweet signals in the brainstem. Finally we demonstrate that blocking the feedback markedly alters responses to ethologically relevant taste stimuli. These results illustrate how hardwired circuits can be finely regulated by top-down control and reveal the neural basis of an indispensable behavioral response for all animals.
Intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 effects on food intake: Physiological relevance and emerging mechanisms.
Peptides, 2020

The gut-brain hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has received immense attention over the last couple of decades for its widespread metabolic effects. Notably, intestinal GLP-1 has been recognized as an endogenous satiation signal. Yet, the underlying mechanisms and the pathophysiological relevance of intestinal GLP-1 in obesity remain unclear. This review first recapitulates early findings indicating that intestinal GLP-1 is an endogenous satiation signal, whose eating effects are primarily mediated by vagal afferents. Second, on the basis of recent findings challenging a paracrine action of intestinal GLP-1, a new model for the mediation of GLP-1 effects on eating by two discrete vagal afferent subsets will be proposed. The central mechanisms processing the vagal anorexigenic signals need however to be further delineated. Finally, the idea that intestinal GLP-1 secretion and/or effects on eating are altered in obesity and play a pathophysiological role in the development of obesity will be discussed. In summary, despite the successful therapeutic use of GLP-1 receptor agonists as anti-obesity drugs, the eating effects of intestinal GLP-1 still remain to be elucidated. Specifically, the findings presented here call for a further evaluation of the vago-central neuronal substrates activated by intestinal GLP-1 and for further investigation of its pathophysiological role in obesity.
Speed of person perception affects immediate and ongoing aesthetic evaluation.
Acta psychologica, 2019

Recent studies have shed light on how aesthetic judgments are formed following presentations lasting less than a second. Meanwhile, dedicated neural mechanisms are understood to enable the rapid detection of human faces, bodies, and actions. On the basis of cognitive studies of: (i) the speed and acuity of person perception, and (ii) preferential attention given to human imagery (e.g., faces and bodies), we hypothesize that the visual detection of humans in portraits increases the magnitude and stability (i.e., similarity to later responses) of aesthetic ratings. Ease of person perception is also expected to elicit longer durations of preferential viewing time, a surplus measure of viewing behavior that should be positively related to subsequent ratings. To test these ideas, we use a set of cubist portraits previously established to be more or less categorizable in terms of the aggregate time required to perceive the depicted person. Using these images, we track aesthetic judgments made following short and unconstrained presentations; in an intervening task, we measure viewing behavior when subjects are able to selectively reveal regions of these images. We find that highly categorizable artworks (those that require less time to identify the figure as human) elicit higher and more predictive aesthetic ratings following 30 ms presentations while also eliciting longer viewing durations. Changes in ratings throughout the task are positively correlated with cumulative viewing time; critically, an image's categorizability level further moderates the strength of this relationship. These results demonstrate that a particular kind of visual object recognition - the recognition of human forms - modulates aesthetic preferences at a glance, subsequent viewing patterns, as well as rating changes over time.
Beyond COVID-19: DO MS/NMO-SD patients treated with anti-CD20 therapies develop SARS-CoV2 antibodies?
Multiple sclerosis and related disorders, 2020

Since 2019, a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) due to an agent called SARS-CoV-2 spread rapidly worldwide. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMO-SD) are often treated with immunosuppressants. Beyond their effect on the risk of COVID-19 infection, the consequences on the long-term immune response against the coronavirus remain unknown. Among 13 MS or NMOSD patients with confirmed COVID-19 included, all 5 patients treated with anti-CD20 therapies had a negative SARS-CoV-2 serology. To date, maximal precautions to prevent coronavirus infection should be maintained in MS/NMOSD patients already exposed to COVID-19 during anti-CD20 therapy.
A Novel Parameter to Predict Supraclinoid Aneurysm Persistence After Flow Diversion with the Pipeline Embolization Device.
World neurosurgery, 2021

Aneurysm recurrence after Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) placement can be caused by oversizing of the stent as well as poor wall apposition, both of which can lead to elongation. The objective of this study was to assess whether a novel parameter for measuring device elongation based on two-dimensional imaging could be predictive for persistent aneurysm filling after treatment with the PED.
A homogeneous method to measure nucleotide exchange by α-subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins using fluorescence polarization.
Assay and drug development technologies, 2010

The mainstay of assessing guanosine diphosphate release by the α-subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein is the [³⁵S]guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPγS) radionucleotide-binding assay. This assay requires separation of protein-bound GTPγS from free GTPγS at multiple time points followed by quantification via liquid scintillation. The arduous nature of this assay makes it difficult to quickly characterize multiple mutants, determine the effects of individual variables (e.g., temperature and Mg(2+) concentration) on nucleotide exchange, or screen for small molecule modulators of Gα nucleotide binding/cycling properties. Here, we describe a robust, homogeneous, fluorescence polarization assay using a red-shifted fluorescent GTPγS probe that can rapidly determine the rate of GTPγS binding by Gα subunits.
Understanding the multidimensional phenomenon of medication adherence attitudes in psychosis.
Psychiatry research, 2021

There is an urgent need for a better understanding of the multidimensional factors of medication adherence attitudes in patients with psychosis in order to enhance adherence as up to 75% of patients stop or change their medication within a year. 81 patients with psychosis were assessed on symptom expression, self-stigmatization, adherence attitudes, QoL, social support and therapeutic alliance judged by patients and clinicians. Regression analyses were used to test whether better QoL, more social support and a better therapeutic alliance are associated with more positive and less negative adherence attitudes. More positive clinician input, higher state anxiety and lower levels of self-stigmatization predicted more positive adherence attitudes, while less positive collaboration with the clinician and higher levels of self-stigmatization were associated with more negative adherence attitudes. QoL and social support were unrelated to adherence attitudes. The quality of the therapeutic alliance perceived by patients appears crucial regarding their medication adherence attitudes. Thus, clinicians' focus on psychotic symptom expression is not sufficient to achieve goal agreement. Rather, it is imperative to consider the individual subjective needs of patients as a key element for sustained therapeutic alliance.
Peri-ictal heart rate variability parameters as surrogate markers of seizure severity.
Epilepsia, 2020

This study aims at defining objective parameters reflecting the severity of peri-ictal autonomic changes and their relation to post-ictal generalized electroencephalography (EEG) suppression (PGES), with the view that such changes could be detected by wearable seizure detection systems and prove useful to assess the risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). To this purpose, we assessed peri-ictal changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and correlated them with seizure duration, intensity of electromyography-based ictal muscle activity, and presence and duration of post-ictal generalized EEG suppression (PGES). We evaluated 75 motor seizures from 40 patients, including 61 generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) and 14 other major motor seizure types. For all major motor seizures, HRV measurements demonstrated a significantly decreased parasympathetic activity and increased sympathetic activity in the post-ictal period. The post-ictal increased sympathetic activity was significantly higher for GTCS as compared with non-GTCS. The degree of peri-ictal decreased parasympathetic activity and increased sympathetic activity was associated with longer PGES (>20 s), longer seizure duration, and greater intensity of ictal muscle activity. Mean post-ictal heart rate (HR) was an independent predictor of PGES duration, seizure duration, and intensity of ictal muscle contraction. Our results indicate that peri-ictal changes in HRV are potential biomarkers of major motor seizure severity.
Ligand Pose Predictions for Human G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Insights from the Amber-Based Hybrid Molecular Mechanics/Coarse-Grained Approach.
Journal of chemical information and modeling, 2020

Human G protein-coupled receptors (hGPCRs) are the most frequent targets of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Structural bioinformatics, along with molecular simulation, can support structure-based drug design targeting hGPCRs. In this context, several years ago, we developed a hybrid molecular mechanics (MM)/coarse-grained (CG) approach to predict ligand poses in low-resolution hGPCR models. The approach was based on the GROMOS96 43A1 and PRODRG united-atom force fields for the MM part. Here, we present a new MM/CG implementation using, instead, the Amber 14SB and GAFF all-atom potentials for proteins and ligands, respectively. The new implementation outperforms the previous one, as shown by a variety of applications on models of hGPCR/ligand complexes at different resolutions, and it is also more user-friendly. Thus, it emerges as a useful tool to predict poses in low-resolution models and provides insights into ligand binding similarly to all-atom molecular dynamics, albeit at a lower computational cost.
Early vascular imaging and key system strategies expedite carotid revascularization after transient ischemic attack and stroke.
Journal of vascular surgery, 2020

International guidelines recommend carotid revascularization within 14 days for patients with a symptomatic transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke event. However, significant delays in care persist, with only 9% of outpatients and 36% of inpatients in Ontario meeting this target. The study objective was to explore the influence of health system factors on carotid revascularization timelines.
Viral Involvement in Alzheimer's Disease.
ACS chemical neuroscience, 2021

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of β-amyloid plaques (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. The prevalence of the disease is increasing and is expected to reach 141 million cases by 2050. Despite the risk factors associated with the disease, there is no known causative agent for AD. Clinical trials with many drugs have failed over the years, and no therapeutic has been approved for AD. There is increasing evidence that pathogens are found in the brains of AD patients and controls, such as human herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1). Given the lack of a human model, the route for pathogen entry into the brain remains open for scrutiny and may include entry via a disturbed blood-brain barrier or the olfactory nasal route. Many factors can contribute to the pathogenicity of HSV-1, such as the ability of HSV-1 to remain latent, tau protein phosphorylation, increased accumulation of Aβ
Bilateral chondrosarcoma of the jugular foramen: literature review and personal experience.
European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2015

Chondrosarcomas (CS) are slow-growing malignant cartilaginous tumors with locally invasive behavior. They account for only 0.15% head and neck neoplasia. There have been no reports in the management of bilateral skull base CS in the literature to date. The synchronous presentation of bilateral CS of the jugular foramen (JF) was diagnosed in a 22-year-old woman with right abducens nerve palsy. Once evaluated the collateral intracranial venous discharge, the lesions were removed in two surgical stages through a bilateral petro-occipital trans-sigmoid (POTS) approach performing a bilateral closure of sigmoid sinus. The patient is disease free 15 years after surgery. No complications occurred. Diplopia improved after excision of the tumor on the right side. A review of relevant English literature was performed. The POTS approach to the JF proved to be safe and effective. Staged radical surgery alone, assessing intracranial venous flow at all stages of surgery, was a valid strategy for bilateral CS, achieving long-term disease control, avoiding early adjuvant radiotherapy, and carrying no complications.
Role of Flavonoids in The Interactions among Obesity, Inflammation, and Autophagy.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2020

Nowadays, obesity is considered as one of the main concerns for public health worldwide, since it encompasses up to 39% of overweight and 13% obese (WHO) adults. It develops because of the imbalance in the energy intake/expenditure ratio, which leads to excess nutrients and results in dysfunction of adipose tissue. The hypertrophy of adipocytes and the nutrients excess trigger the induction of inflammatory signaling through various pathways, among others, an increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, and stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A better understanding of obesity and preventing its complications are beneficial for obese patients on two facets: treating obesity, and treating and preventing the pathologies associated with it. Hitherto, therapeutic itineraries in most cases are based on lifestyle modifications, bariatric surgery, and pharmacotherapy despite none of them have achieved optimal results. Therefore, diet can play an important role in the prevention of adiposity, as well as the associated disorders. Recent results have shown that flavonoids intake have an essential role in protecting against oxidative damage phenomena, and presents biochemical and pharmacological functions beneficial to human health. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the anti-inflammatory actions and autophagic flux of natural flavonoids, and their molecular mechanisms for preventing and/or treating obesity.
N,N-dimethyltryptamine compound found in the hallucinogenic tea ayahuasca, regulates adult neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo.
Translational psychiatry, 2020

N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a component of the ayahuasca brew traditionally used for ritual and therapeutic purposes across several South American countries. Here, we have examined, in vitro and vivo, the potential neurogenic effect of DMT. Our results demonstrate that DMT administration activates the main adult neurogenic niche, the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, promoting newly generated neurons in the granular zone. Moreover, these mice performed better, compared to control non-treated animals, in memory tests, which suggest a functional relevance for the DMT-induced new production of neurons in the hippocampus. Interestingly, the neurogenic effect of DMT appears to involve signaling via sigma-1 receptor (S1R) activation since S1R antagonist blocked the neurogenic effect. Taken together, our results demonstrate that DMT treatment activates the subgranular neurogenic niche regulating the proliferation of neural stem cells, the migration of neuroblasts, and promoting the generation of new neurons in the hippocampus, therefore enhancing adult neurogenesis and improving spatial learning and memory tasks.
Effective But Not Adhered to: How Can We Improve Adherence to Evidence-Based Hamstring Injury Prevention in Amateur Football?
Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine, 2021

To investigate adherence to a Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) program in a real-world context of male amateur football, and the perceptions of end users (players) and intervention deliverers (coaches and medical staff) about adherence to this proven effective program.