rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
The brain of the African wild dog. II. The olfactory system.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 2020

Employing a range of neuroanatomical stains, we detail the organization of the main and accessory olfactory systems of the African wild dog. The organization of both these systems follows that typically observed in mammals, but variations of interest were noted. Within the main olfactory bulb, the size of the glomeruli, at approximately 350 μm in diameter, are on the larger end of the range observed across mammals. In addition, we estimate that approximately 3,500 glomeruli are present in each main olfactory bulb. This larger main olfactory bulb glomerular size and number of glomeruli indicates that enhanced peripheral processing of a broad range of odorants is occurring in the main olfactory bulb of the African wild dog. Within the accessory olfactory bulb, the glomeruli did not appear distinct, rather forming a homogenous syncytia-like arrangement as seen in the domestic dog. In addition, the laminar organization of the deeper layers of the accessory olfactory bulb was indistinct, perhaps as a consequence of the altered architecture of the glomeruli. This arrangement of glomeruli indicates that rather than parcellating the processing of semiochemicals peripherally, these odorants may be processed in a more nuanced and combinatorial manner in the periphery, allowing for more rapid and precise behavioral responses as required in the highly social group structure observed in the African wild dog. While having a similar organization to that of other mammals, the olfactory system of the African wild dog has certain features that appear to correlate to their environmental niche.
Characteristics of the skills of caregivers of people with dementia: observational study.
BMC family practice, 2020

Due to demographic change within an aging population as announced by the WHO, the involvement of caregivers is essential. Caregivers are required to change their roles within the family unit. Such life transitions experienced by caregivers to people confronted with dementia-type pathologies are sometimes difficult, necessitating the acquisition and development of certain skills. Few studies have shown that caregivers develop specific and essential skills to promote quality care and safety. To characterize their skills, there is a need to identify the abilities, knowledge, resources, obstacles and constraints that contribute to caregivers' transitions. The research question for this study was: What skills do caregivers use to care for their loved one with dementia?
Vaccinations in patients with multiple sclerosis: A Delphi consensus statement.
Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2021

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are at increased risk of infection. Vaccination can mitigate these risks but only if safe and effective in MS patients, including those taking disease-modifying drugs.
Comparison of operation of spinal locomotor networks activated by supraspinal commands and by epidural stimulation of the spinal cord in cats.
The Journal of physiology, 2020

Epidural electrical stimulation (ES) of the spinal cord restores/improves locomotion in patients. ES-evoked locomotor movements differ to some extent from the normal ones. Operation of the locomotor network during ES is unknown. We compared the activity of individual spinal neurons during locomotion initiated by signals from the brainstem and by ES. We demonstrated that the spinal network generating locomotion under each of the two conditions is formed by the same neurons. A part of this network operates similarly under the two conditions, suggesting that it is essential for generation of locomotion under both conditions. Another part of this network operates differently under the two conditions, suggesting that it is responsible for differences in the movement kinematics observed under the two conditions.
Acute paraplegia in a preterm infant with cerebral sinovenous thrombosis.
Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2015

We report the case of a 1-month old, 28-week gestational age infant who presented with acute paraplegia after cardiopulmonary arrest. Later imaging confirms cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) and a suspected infarction in the conus medullaris of the spinal cord. A prothrombotic state may explain the numerous areas of infarction visualized on neuroimaging. To our knowledge this is the first case report of acute and persistent paraplegia in an infant with CSVT and conus medullaris injury, which may be due to venous infarction of the spinal cord.
Left pterional craniotomy for thrombectomy and clipping of ruptured left MCA giant aneurysm.
Neurosurgical focus, 2015

Giant aneurysms present a challenge to cerebrovascular surgeons on many fronts. These lesions have significant mass effect on surrounding tissues and are often partially thrombosed with thickened or calcified walls; these difficulties are amplified in cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage. The treatment of these lesions often requires debulking or resection of the aneurysm with or without trapping and bypassing the aneurysm segment. The case presented is of a man with a ruptured giant left middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm presenting with seizure. The treatment of this giant aneurysm involves dissection, opening and internal evacuation including the use of ultrasonic aspiration, resection, and clipping. The patient was given aspirin preoperatively in preparation for possible superficial temporal artery-MCA or saphenous vein bypass if clipping was not possible. Vessel patency was evaluated using intraoperative Doppler and indocyanine green angiography. Intraoperative somatosensory and motor evoked potential monitoring is performed in all cases. Postoperatively, the patient was neurologically intact. At 1 year his modified Rankin Scale is 1, with his only symptom being intermittent headache. The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/8dimNdiIObE .
Implications of Medical and Recreational Marijuana Laws for Neuroscience Research: a Review.
Current behavioral neuroscience reports, 2020

Review of US medical and recreational marijuana laws (MML and RML), their effects on cannabis potency, prevalence of non-medical cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) in adolescents and adults, and implications for neuroscience research, given what is known about the relationship of cannabis to neurocognitive impairments and underlying brain functioning.
Subdural Empyema in the Setting of Multimodal Intracranial Monitoring.
World neurosurgery, 2017

Multimodal intracranial monitoring is becoming an increasingly common tool in the management of patients with traumatic brain injury. Although numerous reports detailing the benefits of such advanced monitoring exist in the literature, there is minimal discussion of the possible complications that may arise in this patient population.
Silicone tubes with thyroid hormone (Τ3) and BDNF as an alternative to autografts for bridging neural defects.
Injury, 2020

The way thyroid hormone works in peripheral nerve regeneration has not been fully elucidated, although studies have shown that it has a strong positive effect on nerve regeneration. It is argued that its action is probably stronger than the neurotrophic factors that have been used for some time. It is hypothesized that the use of thyroid hormone in the nerve tubes has a beneficial effect on nerve regeneration to the extent that the results of its use are comparable to those of the autograft technique in bridging small nerve deficits. In this experimental study, we examined the effect of thyroid hormone and BDNF (Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor) on the repair of 10 mm nerve defects when administered within silicone nerve tubes and compared the results with the autograft method. Thyroid hormone promotes nerve regeneration mainly by increasing its speed and its effect on the maturation of nerve fibers compared to the other groups where the nerve deficit was bridged by entubulation. Also, better organization and the absence of intraneural fibrosis, compared to the other groups, may argue for the action of thyroid hormone in regulating the inflammatory response. Functionally, the AG group showed better results compared to the other groups by the end of the study (16 weeks).
Giant hemicranial calcified subdural empyema--unusual complication following ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion.
Indian journal of pediatrics, 2009

The authors describe an extremely unusual case of a giant hemicranial subdural empyema occurring nine years after insertion of a venticuloperitoneal shunt. Though the empyema was evacuated, the child suffered significant morbidity and remained hemiparetic. The present case highlights the delayed morbidity following a ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion and the need of prolonged and regular follow up in children who have undergone this procedure.
On the acquisition of the water signal during water suppression: High-speed MR spectroscopic imaging with water referencing and concurrent functional MRI.
NMR in biomedicine, 2021

This study evaluated the utility of concurrent water signal acquisition as part of the water suppression in MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), to allow simultaneous water referencing for metabolite quantification, and to concurrently acquire functional MRI (fMRI) data. We integrated a spatial-spectral binomial water excitation RF pulse and a short spatial-spectral echo-planar readout into the water suppression module of 2D and 3D proton-echo-planar-spectroscopic-imaging (PEPSI) with a voxel size as small as 4 x 4 x 6 mm
Assessment of a conceptually informed measure of emotion dysregulation: Evidence of construct validity vis a vis impulsivity and internalizing symptoms in adolescents with ADHD.
International journal of methods in psychiatric research, 2020

Despite advances in understanding associations among attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), emotion dysregulation (ED), and related outcomes, there is incongruity between ADHD-relevant conceptualizations of ED and available measures of ED. To assess the psychometric properties of a parent-report questionnaire of ED conceptualized as deficits in the ability to modulate the (a) speed/degree of emotion escalation; (b) expression intensity; and (c) speed/degree of de-escalation.
The different daily distribution of proteins does not influence the variations in body composition in a sample of subjects undergoing a low-calorie Mediterranean-type diet.
Minerva gastroenterology, 2021

Controversy exists regarding whether the different daily balances of proteins between meals and snacks in a low-calorie diet may influence the effects on body composition (BC) results. Aim of this study is to evaluate BC changes made by a lifestyle intervention in a randomized homogeneous sample of two groups with equal daily caloric reduction but different protein distributions between meals.
Development and sex modulate visuospatial oscillatory dynamics in typically-developing children and adolescents.
NeuroImage, 2020

Visuospatial processing is a cognitive function that is critical to navigating one's surroundings and begins to develop during infancy. Extensive research has examined visuospatial processing in adults, but far less work has investigated how visuospatial processing and the underlying neurophysiology changes from childhood to early adolescence, which is a critical period of human development that is marked by the onset of puberty. In the current study, we examined behavioral performance and the oscillatory dynamics serving visuospatial processing using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in a cohort of 70 children and young adolescents aged 8-15 years. All participants performed a visuospatial processing task during MEG, and the resulting oscillatory responses were imaged using a beamformer and probed for developmental and sex-related differences. Our findings indicated that reaction time on the task was negatively correlated with age, and that the amplitude of theta oscillations in the medial occipital cortices increased with age. Significant sex-by-age interactions were also detected, with female participants exhibiting increased theta oscillatory activity in the right prefrontal cortex with increasing age, while male participants exhibited theta increases in the left parietal lobe/left precuneus and left supplementary motor area with increasing age. These data indicate that different nodes of the visuospatial processing network develop earlier in males compared to females (and vice versa) in this age range, which may have major implications for the developmental trajectory of behavioral performance and executive function more generally during the transition through puberty.
Ambulatory blood pressure and risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation in treated hypertensive patients.
Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of clinic and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) on the occurrence of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in treated hypertensive patients. We studied 2135 sequential treated hypertensive patients aged >40 years. During the follow-up (mean 9.7 years, range 0.4-20 years), 116 events (new-onset AF) occurred. In univariate analysis, clinic, daytime, nighttime, and 24-h systolic BP were all significantly associated with increased risk of new-onset AF, that is, hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) per 10 mm Hg increment 1.22 (1.11-1.35), 1.36 (1.21-1.53), 1.42 (1.29-1.57), and 1.42 (1.26-1.60), respectively. After adjustment for various covariates in multivariate analysis, clinic systolic BP was no longer associated with increased risk of new-onset AF, whereas daytime, nighttime, and 24-h systolic BP remained significantly associated with outcome, that is, hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) per 10 mm Hg increment 1.09 (0.97-1.23), 1.23 (1.10-1.39), 1.16 (1.03-1.31), and 1.22 (1.06-1.40), respectively. Daytime, nighttime, and 24-h systolic BP are superior to clinic systolic BP in predicting new-onset AF in treated hypertensive patients. Future studies are needed to evaluate whether a better control of ambulatory BP might be helpful in reducing the occurrence of new-onset AF.
Projection-based 3D/2D registration for prospective motion correction.
Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2020

To develop a registration method that is capable of estimating the full range of rigid body motion from three orthogonal collapsed images of the head. These images can be obtained using the collapsed FatNav, a previously introduced navigator for prospective motion correction. It combines a short duration with wide compatibility with different main sequences due to its robustness against spin history effects.
How I do it: modified Todd's meatoplasty.
The Journal of laryngology and otology, 2016

Chronic otorrhoea after canal wall down mastoidectomy can be a clinical challenge. Basic principles for canal wall down surgery include establishing a large meatus. Several meatoplasty techniques have been reported. This paper describes this new indication for Todd's meatoplasty with surgical improvements.
Coping with Stress, One Habenula Neuron at a Time.
Neuron, 2019

Animals often switch from active to passive coping behavior when exposed to inescapable stress. In a recent issue of Cell, Andalman et al. (2019) now demonstrate that this switch is mediated by gradual recruitment of activated habenula neurons in zebrafish.
Barrels XXXII meeting report: whiskers in the windy city.
Somatosensory & motor research, 2020

The 32nd Annual Barrels meeting was hosted at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago, Illinois on October 17th and 18th, 2019. The annual meeting brings together researchers who utilize the rodent whisker-to-barrel system as a means to understand cortical function and development. This year's meeting focussed on social behaviours, development and cerebellar functions within the barrel system and beyond.
Radiographic and neurobehavioral profile of sports-related concussion associated with scholastic wrestling: a case report.
Neurocase, 2020

Sports-related concussions (SRCs) are typically characterized by transient neurologic deficits due to physiologic and metabolic brain injury. However, following an SRC, subsequent insults may lead to severe and permanent injury in the affected brain cells. We present the case of a 15-year-old female scholastic wrestler who developed acute encephalopathy, macroscopic white matter injury on imaging, and chronic behavioral changes from inadequate neuro-recovery after a documented SRC. We also compare her case with established SRC data, demonstrating that wrestling-related concussions and repetitive head impacts can produce similar degrees of diffuse neuroinflammation, myelinated axonopathy, blood-brain barrier disruption, and post-concussive symptoms.
Brain networks construction using Bayes FDR and average power function.
Statistical methods in medical research, 2020

Brain functional connectivity is a widely investigated topic in neuroscience. In recent years, the study of brain connectivity has been largely aided by graph theory. The link between time series recorded at multiple locations in the brain and the construction of a graph is usually an adjacency matrix. The latter converts a measure of the connectivity between two time series, typically a correlation coefficient, into a binary choice on whether the two brain locations are functionally connected or not. As a result, the choice of a threshold
Hinge/floating craniotomy as an alternative technique for cerebral decompression: a scoping review.
Neurosurgical review, 2020

Hinge craniotomy (HC) is a technique that allows for a degree of decompression whilst retaining the bone flap in situ, in a 'floating' or 'hinged' fashion. This provides expansion potential for ensuing cerebral oedema whilst obviating the need for cranioplasty in the future. The exact indications, technique and outcomes of this procedure have yet to be determined, but it is likely that HC provides an alternative technique to decompressive craniectomy (DC) in certain contexts. The primary objective was to collate and describe the current evidence base for HC, including perioperative parameters, functional outcomes and complications. The secondary objective was to identify current nomenclature, operative technique and operative decision-making. A scoping review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR Checklist. Fifteen studies totalling 283 patients (mean age 45.1 and M:F 199:46) were included. There were 12 different terms for HC. The survival rate of the cohort was 74.6% (n = 211). Nine patients (3.2%) required subsequent formal DC. Six studies compared HC to DC following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke, finding at least equivalent control of intracranial pressure (ICP). These studies also reported reduced rates of complications, including infection, in HC compared to DC. We have described the current evidence base of HC. There is no evidence of substantially worse outcomes compared to DC, although no randomised trials were identified. Eventually, a randomised trial will be useful to determine if HC should be offered as first-line treatment when indicated.
Neurons Expressing Parvalbumin and Calretinin in the Human Amygdaloid Complex: A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis in Every Nucleus and Nuclear Subdivision.
Neuroscience, 2021

The primate amygdaloid complex (AC) contains projection neurons as well as subsets of interneurons (IN), many of which express calcium-binding proteins, that through their local circuits control the activity of the projection neurons. The inhibitory parvalbumin (PV) and calretinin (CR)-positive (+) AC IN have a crucial role in the appearance of synchronized oscillations in local ensembles of projection neurons that mediate the consolidation and recall of fear memories. The GABAergic transmission of these subsets of IN is modulated by dopamine. To expand the knowledge regarding the cellular composition and distribution of IN in the human AC, we focused on two non-overlapping populations: the PV+ and CR+. We have analyzed the distribution of these IN throughout the AC from subjects without any neurological or psychiatric disorders and estimated their absolute number and density using stereological methods. We have also provided percentages of the IN with respect to the total AC neurons. The CR + IN were distributed throughout the AC, whereas the PV+ were only present in the basolateral nuclear group. The quantity of CR + IN was four times higher than that of PV+ and the percentages varied from less than 1% for PV + IN to 6-20% for CR+. The differences in quantity and distribution of CR+ and PV + IN could be related to their differential inhibitory properties and to the intrinsic and extrinsic connections of every amygdaloid region.
Placement of a Pipeline Embolization Device: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.
Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.), 2021

Flow diversion has been a game-changer in the treatment of wide-neck large and giant cavernous and supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms as well as large vertebral artery aneurysms. Prior to their existence, carotid sacrifice or clipping with or without external to internal carotid artery bypass was the mainstay of treatment. Prior to flow diversion, endovascular coil embolization was often not effective as a stand-alone treatment because of the fact that many of these aneurysms present with symptoms created by mass effect on the cavernous sinus cranial nerves by the aneurysm. Packing the aneurysm with coils did nothing to alleviate the mass effect and did not prevent flow from entering the aneurysm. The continued flow causes coil compaction and aneurysm enlargement. Flow diversion addressed both these issues by diverting flow from the aneurysm while allowing the aneurysm to slowly thrombose and shrink. The video is a step-by-step account of this procedure in a 72-yr-old male with a large recurrence of a previously coiled cavernous ICA aneurysm. The procedure was performed following informed consent.
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation & Space Exploration: Opportunities and Challenges.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2020

As NASA prepares for longer space missions aiming for the Moon and Mars, astronauts' health and performance are becoming a central concern due to the threats associated with galactic cosmic radiation, unnatural gravity fields, and life in extreme environments. In space, the human brain undergoes functional and structural changes related to fluid shift and changes in intracranial pressure. Behavioral abnormalities, such as cognitive deficits, sleep disruption, and visuomotor difficulties, as well as psychological effects, are also an issue. We discuss opportunities and challenges of noninvasive brain stimulation (NiBS) methods - including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) - to support space exploration in several ways. NiBS includes safe and portable techniques already applied in a wide range of cognitive and motor domains, as well as therapeutically. NiBS could be used to enhance in-flight performance, supporting astronauts during pre-flight Earth-based training, as well as to identify biomarkers of post-flight brain changes for optimization of rehabilitation/compensatory strategies. We review these NiBS techniques and their effects on brain physiology, psychology, and cognition.