rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
Contextual reinstatement promotes extinction generalization in healthy adults but not PTSD.
Neuropsychologia, 2020

For episodic memories, reinstating the mental context of a past experience improves retrieval of memories formed during that experience. Does context reinstatement serve a similar role for implicit, associative memories such as fear and extinction? Here, we used a fear extinction paradigm to investigate whether the retrieval of extinction (safety) memories is associated with reactivation of the mental context from extinction memory formation. In a two-day Pavlovian conditioning, extinction, and renewal protocol, we collected functional MRI data while healthy adults and adults with PTSD symptoms learned that conditioned stimuli (CSs) signaled threat through association with an electrical shock. Following acquisition, conceptually related exemplars from the CS category no longer signaled threat (i.e., extinction). Critically, during extinction only, task-irrelevant stimuli were presented between each CS trial to serve as "context tags" for subsequent identification of the possible reinstatement of this extinction context during a test of fear renewal the next day. We found that healthy adults exhibited extinction context reinstatement, as measured via multivariate pattern analysis of fMRI data, in the medial temporal lobe that related to behavioral performance, such that greater reinstatement predicted CSs being rated as safe instead of threatening. Moreover, context reinstatement positively correlated with univariate activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, regions which are thought to be important for extinction learning. These relationships were not observed in the PTSD symptom group. These findings provide new evidence of a contextual reinstatement mechanism that helps resolve competition between the retrieval of opposing associative memories of threat and safety in the healthy adult brain that is dysregulated in PTSD.
Gray matter atrophy in presymptomatic Huntington's patients.
Ideggyogyaszati szemle, 2016

Background - Huntington's disease is a progressive disease in which neurodegeneration is on-going from the early presymptomatic phase. Development of sensitive biomarkers in this presymptomatic stage that are able to monitor the disease progression and test the efficacy of putative neuroprotective treatments are essential.
Association of Fatal and Nonfatal Cardiovascular Outcomes With 24-Hour Mean Arterial Pressure.
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2021

Major adverse cardiovascular events are closely associated with 24-hour blood pressure (BP). We determined outcome-driven thresholds for 24-hour mean arterial pressure (MAP), a BP index estimated by oscillometric devices. We assessed the association of major adverse cardiovascular events with 24-hour MAP, systolic BP (SBP), and diastolic BP (DBP) in a population-based cohort (n=11 596). Statistics included multivariable Cox regression and the generalized R
Neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion changes nuclear restricted protein/brain (NRP/B) expression in hippocampus, cortex and striatum in developmental periods of rats.
Neuroscience, 2016

Schizophrenia is conceptualized as a neurodevelopmental disorder in which developmental alterations in immature brain systems are not clear. Rats with neonatal ventral hippocampal lesions (NVHL) can exhibit schizophrenia-like behaviors, and these rats have been widely used to study the developmental mechanisms of schizophrenia. The nuclear restricted protein/brain (NRP/B) is a nuclear matrix protein that is critical for the normal development of the neuronal system. This study assessed the effect of NVHL induced by the administration of ibotenic acid on the protein expression of NRP/B in the hippocampus, cortex and striatum in pre- and post-pubertal rats. The expressions of NeuN in various developmental periods were assessed accordingly. Sprague-Dawley rat pups were administered ibotenic acid at postnatal day (PD) 7. Western blotting and an immunofluorescence staining analysis showed that the expression of NRP/B was significantly decreased in the hippocampus, cortex and striatum of the NVHL rats at PD14, 28 and 42. The expressions of NeuN were decreased accordingly. In vitro experiment showed the NRP/B knockdown can decrease the Tuj1 expression in cultured cortical neurons. The data suggest that NVHL induces a change in NRP/B expression that affects neurons in the developmental period.
Implementation of alcohol and drug screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment: Nurse practitioner learner perspectives on a mobile app.
Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 2019

Screening, brief Intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) is a widely trained evidence-based strategy to identify and address alcohol and drug use problems. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the experience of family nurse practitioner (FNP) learners in the implementation of SBIRT and the perceived clinical utility of an SBIRT mobile app.
SPG5 and multiple sclerosis: clinical and genetic overlap?
Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 2016

Autosomal recessive (AR) spastic paraplegia type 5 (SPG5) is due to mutations in the CYP7B1 gene, encoding for the cytochrome P450-7B1, responsible for oxysterols 7α-hydroxylation. Oxysterol/cholestenoic acids pool plays a role in motor neuron survival and immune response. SPG5 is characterized by white matter abnormalities at brain resonance imaging (MRI). In view of clinical presentation and MRI findings, multiple sclerosis (MS) is a possible differential diagnosis of SPG5. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of CYP7B1 mutations in patients with MS.
Modeling of lamprey reticulospinal neurons: multiple distinct parameter sets yield realistic simulations.
Journal of neurophysiology, 2020

For the lamprey and other vertebrates, reticulospinal (RS) neurons project descending axons to the spinal cord and activate motor networks to initiate locomotion and other behaviors. In the present study, a biophysically detailed computer model of lamprey RS neurons was constructed consisting of three compartments: dendritic, somatic, and axon initial segment (AIS). All compartments included passive channels. In addition, the soma and AIS had fast potassium and sodium channels. The soma included three additional voltage-gated ion channels (slow sodium and high- and low-voltage-activated calcium) and calcium-activated potassium channels. An initial manually adjusted default parameter set, which was based, in part, on modified parameters from models of lamprey spinal neurons, generated simulations of single action potentials and repetitive firing that scored favorably (0.658; maximum = 0.964) compared with experimentally derived properties of lamprey RS neurons. Subsequently, a dual-annealing search paradigm identified 4,302 viable parameter sets at local maxima within parameter space that yielded higher scores than the default parameter set, including many with much higher scores of approximately 0.85-0.87 (i.e., ~30% improvement). In addition, 5- and 2-conductance grid searches identified a relatively large number of viable parameters sets for which significant correlations were present between maximum conductances for pairs of ion channels. The present results indicated that multiple model parameter sets ("solutions") generated action potentials and repetitive firing that mimicked many of the properties of lamprey RS neurons. To our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically explore parameter space for a biophysically detailed model of lamprey RS neurons.
Neuroscience: Memory Encoding in the Absence of Cell Firing.
Current biology : CB, 2018

New research suggests that rats can learn new spatial information in the absence of cell firing. A small enhancement of GABAergic inhibition with a low dose of muscimol blocked cell firing but left long-term potentiation induction intact, while behaviorally it blocked memory retrieval but left memory encoding intact.
Effect of memantine on expression of Bace1-as and Bace1 genes in STZ-induced Alzheimeric rats.
Molecular biology reports, 2020

Recent studies have showed that the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) expression is dysregulated in different neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, the effects of memantine on the level of Bace1-as and Bace1 genes' expression in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Alzheimer's and memantine treated rats were investigated. The male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1-Normal control, 2-Sham-operated control, 3- Alzheimer'scontrol rats (ICV-STZ), 4-Experimental group rats treated by memantine in a dose of 30 mg/kg/day for 28 days in ICV-STZ rats. The expression of Bace1-as and Bace1 genes was measured by quantitative-PCR in the brain and blood tissues. ELISA was used to analyze Bace1 and Aβ proteins. Expression of Bace1-as was significantly increased in the brain and blood tissues of the experimental group (p = 0.032 and p = 0.034, respectively). The expression of Bace1 gene showed no significant changes in the brain. Furthermore, the ELISA analysis revealed that Bace1 protein was significantly increased in the plasma of the Alzheimer's control group (p = 0.000) and in the brain tissue of the experimental group (p = 0.000). Additionally, Aβ levels had no significant changes between all groups studied. The Bace1 protein may be used as a prognostic biomarker in plasma, or before using memantine as a treatment. Furthermore, Bace1-as gene expression may play a role in monitoring the progression of AD.
Exploring with [
Molecular imaging and biology, 2020

The main purpose of this study was to understand how the positron emission tomography (PET) measure of the synaptic vesicle 2A (SV2A) protein varies in vivo during the development of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in the kainic acid rat model.
Research with older people in a world with COVID-19: identification of current and future priorities, challenges and opportunities.
Age and ageing, 2020

Older people are disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has had a profound impact on research as well as clinical service delivery. This commentary identifies key challenges and opportunities in continuing to conduct research with and for older people, both during and after the current pandemic. It shares opinions from responders to an international survey, a range of academic authors and opinions from specialist societies. Priorities in COVID-19 research include its specific presentation in older people, consequences for physical, cognitive and psychological health, treatments and vaccines, rehabilitation, supporting care homes more effectively, the impact of social distancing, lockdown policies and system reconfiguration to provide best health and social care for older people. COVID-19 research needs to be inclusive, particularly involving older people living with frailty, cognitive impairment or multimorbidity, and those living in care homes. Non-COVID-19 related research for older people remains of critical importance and must not be neglected in the rush to study the pandemic. Profound changes are required in the way that we design and deliver research for older people in a world where movement and face-to-face contact are restricted, but we also highlight new opportunities such as the ability to collaborate more widely and to design and deliver research efficiently at scale and speed.
Respiration and brain neural dynamics associated with interval timing during odor fear learning in rats.
Scientific reports, 2020

In fear conditioning, where a conditioned stimulus predicts the arrival of an aversive stimulus, the animal encodes the time interval between the two stimuli. Here we monitored respiration to visualize anticipatory behavioral responses in an odor fear conditioning in rats, while recording theta (5-15 Hz) and gamma (40-80 Hz) brain oscillatory activities in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), basolateral amygdala (BLA), dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and olfactory piriform cortex (PIR). We investigated the temporal patterns of respiration frequency and of theta and gamma activity power during the odor-shock interval, comparing two interval durations. We found that akin to respiration patterns, theta temporal curves were modulated by the duration of the odor-shock interval in the four recording sites, and respected scalar property in mPFC and DMS. In contrast, gamma temporal curves were modulated by the interval duration only in the mPFC, and in a manner that did not respect scalar property. This suggests a preferential role for theta rhythm in interval timing. In addition, our data bring the novel idea that the respiratory rhythm might take part in the setting of theta activity dynamics related to timing.
Non-symmetrical effects in the temporal bisection after selective food devaluation in rats.
Behavioural processes, 2020

The present study investigated the effects of selective food devaluation on performance in the temporal bisection procedure with rats. Differential outcomes (sucrose vs. grain pellets) were associated with correct responding for a short and a long duration in order to analyze the effects of a selective duration-specific food devaluation on the temporal bisection function. Selective prefeeding produced differential changes in proportion of responding, the p(long) function, and PSE. A more consistent impact was observed when the food associated with the long anchor duration was devalued than when the short anchor duration food was devalued. The results are discussed in relation to the bias as well as a choose-short effect.
Sensory acquisition functions of the cerebellum in verbal working memory.
Brain structure & function, 2021

Several fMRI studies have shown that the superior cerebellum exhibits load-dependent activations during encoding of letters in a Sternberg verbal working memory (VWM) task. It has been hypothesized that the cerebellum regulates the acquisition of sensory data across all modalities, and thus, that VWM load activations may reflect high- vs low-load differences in sensory acquisition demands. Therefore, increased difficulty in sensory data acquisition should elicit greater activation in the cerebellum. The present fMRI study manipulated sensory acquisition in VWM by presenting visually degraded and non-degraded stimuli with high and low memory loads, thereby identifying load-dependent regions of interest in the cerebellum, and then testing if these regions showed greater activation for degraded stimuli. Results yielded partial support for the sensory acquisition hypothesis in a load-dependent region of the vermis, which showed significantly greater activation for degraded relative to non-degraded stimuli. Because eye movements did not differ for these stimulus types, and degradation-related activations were present after co-varying eye movements, this activation appears to be related to perceptual rather than oculomotor demands. In contrast to the vermis, load-sensitive regions of the cerebellar hemispheres did not show increased activation for degraded stimuli. These findings point to an overall function of association-based prediction that may underlie general cerebellar function, with perceptual prediction of stimuli from partial representations occurring in the vermis, and articulatory prediction occurring in the hemispheres.
Quantitative Cellular Changes in the Thalamus of Patients with Multiple System Atrophy.
Neuroscience, 2021

The thalamus is a brain region consisting of anatomical and functional connections between various spinal, subcortical, and cortical regions, which has a putative role in the clinical manifestation of Multiple System Atrophy (MSA). Previous stereological studies have reported significant anatomical alterations in diverse brain regions of MSA patients, including the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and white matter, but no quantitative studies have examined the thalamus. To establish the extent of thalamic involvement, we applied stereological methods to estimate the total number of neurons and glial cells (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia) as well as the volume in two thalamic sub-regions, the mediodorsal nucleus (MDT) and the anterior principal nucleus (APn), in brains from ten MSA patients and 11 healthy control subjects. Compared to healthy controls, MSA patients had significantly fewer neurons (26%) in the MDT, but not the APn. We also found significantly more astrocytes (32%) and microglia (54%) in the MDT, with no such changes in the APn. Finally, we saw no group differences in the total number of oligodendrocytes. Our findings show a region-specific loss of thalamic neurons that occurs without loss of oligodendrocytes, whereas thalamic microgliosis seems to occur alongside astrogliosis. These pathological changes in the thalamus may contribute to the cognitive impairment seen in most patients with MSA.
Correction to: Prospective associations between recalled parental bonding and perinatal depression: a cohort study in urban and rural Turkey.
Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2018

The article 'Prospective associations between recalled parental bonding and perinatal depression: a cohort study in urban and rural Turkey, written by Berker Duman, Vesile Senturk Cankorur, Clare Taylor and Robert Stewart was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on January 10, 2018 without open access.
Low-dose Contrast-induced Encephalopathy During Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography.
Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 2021

Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is a rare complication of contrast agent use. We herein report a case of acute lacunar infarction in a 70-year-old woman. During diagnostic cerebral angiography for asymptomatic common carotid stenosis, she experienced transient drowsiness. After angiography, generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurred in her left arm and leg, with eye deviation to the left. The patient was diagnosed with CIE due to the acute onset of symptoms during angiography and characteristic computed tomography findings of high-density signaling in the cortex. Our findings suggest that it is important to pay close attention to acute neurological symptoms during and immediately after examinations, even with small amounts of contrast agents.
Learning to see the Ebbinghaus illusion in the periphery reveals a top-down stabilization of size perception across the visual field.
Scientific reports, 2020

Our conscious visual perception relies on predictive signals, notably in the periphery where sensory uncertainty is high. We investigated how such signals could support perceptual stability of objects' size across the visual field. When attended carefully, the same object appears slightly smaller in the periphery compared to the fovea. Could this perceptual difference be encoded as a strong prior to predict the peripheral perceived size relative to the fovea? Recent studies emphasized the role of foveal information in defining peripheral size percepts. However, they could not disentangle bottom-up from top-down mechanisms. Here, we revealed a pure top-down contribution to the perceptual size difference between periphery and fovea. First, we discovered a novel Ebbinghaus illusion effect, inducing a typical reduction of foveal perceived size, but a reversed increase effect in the periphery. The resulting illusory size percept was similar at both locations, deviating from the classic perceptual difference. Then through an updating process of successive peripheral-foveal viewing, the unusual peripheral perceived size decreased. The classic perceptual eccentricity difference was restored and the peripheral illusion effect changed into a fovea-like reduction. Therefore, we report the existence of a prior that actively shapes peripheral size perception and stabilizes it relative to the fovea.
A personal retrospective on the second half of the 20th century.
Bio Systems, 2013

During the Second World War scientists and engineers were involved as never before in all technical phases of the war effort. It included intelligence, logistics and large scale automated computation. Much of this required team work which led to the adoption of interdisciplinary perspectives and found expression after the war in new fields of enquiry such as cybernetics, biophysics and artificial intelligence. While Europe was recovering from its devastation, the United States entered an unprecedented age of prosperity beginning in the 1940s and 50s. The political and budgetary environment was favorable for scientific research and it was felt in Europe as well as the U.S.A. I discuss some of these conditions and the figures associated with the work that became the foundation for advances throughout the second half of the 20th century and conclude with a few observations on quantitative neuroscience and the problem of representation.
Real-time continuous monitoring of injection pressure during peripheral nerve blocks in fresh cadavers.
Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine, 2020

The incidence of unintentional intraneural injection while performing peripheral nerve block has been estimated to be 15% under real-time ultrasound guidance. Injection pressure increase may detect an intraneural injection. Real-time injection pressure changes throughout an entire nerve block procedure in relationship with needle tip location have never been reported.
Hospital Presentations in Long-Term Survivors of Stroke: Causes and Associated Factors in a Linked Data Study.
Stroke, 2020

A comprehensive understanding of the long-term impact of stroke assists in health care planning. We aimed to determine changes in rates, causes, and associated factors for hospital presentations among long-term survivors of stroke.
Combination of In Situ Lcn2 pRNA-RNAi Nanotherapeutics and iNSC Transplantation Ameliorates Experimental SCI in Mice.
Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2020

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating neurological condition characterized by different cellular and molecular mechanisms that interplay in exacerbating the progression of the pathology. No fully restorative therapies are yet available, and it is thus becoming recognized that combinatorial approaches aimed at addressing different aspects of SCI will likely results in greater functional outcomes. Here we employed packaging RNA-mediated RNA interference (pRNA-RNAi) nanotherapeutics to downregulate in situ the expression of lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), a known mediator of neuroinflammation and autocrine mediator of reactive astrogliosis, and to create a more amenable niche for the subsequent transplantation of induced neural stem cells (iNSCs). To our knowledge, this is the first approach that takes advantage of the modular and multifunctional pRNA three-way junction platform in the SCI niche, while also exploiting the therapeutic potential of immune-compatible and feasible iNSC transplants. We show the combination of such treatments in a mouse model of contusion thoracic SCI leads to significant improvement of locomotor function, albeit not better than single pRNA-RNAi treatment, and results in synergistic histopathological effects, such as reduction of glial scar volume, diminished pro-inflammatory response, and promotion of neuronal survival. Our results provide evidence for a novel combinatorial approach for treating SCI.