rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
'Precision' or 'personalized' psychiatry: different terms - same content?
Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie, 2020

Due to the increased lifetime prevalence and personal, social, and economic burden of mental disorders, psychiatry is in need of a significant change in several aspects of its clinical and research approaches. Over the last few decades, the development of personalized / precision medicine in psychiatry focusing on tailored therapies that fit each patient's unique individual, physiological, and genetic profile has not achieved the same results as those obtained in other branches, such as oncology. The long-awaited revolution has not yet surfaced. There are various explanations for this including imprecise diagnostic criteria, incomplete understanding of the molecular pathology involved, absence of available clinical tools and, finally, the characteristics of the patient. Since then, the co-existence of the two terms has sparked a great deal of discussion around the definition and differentiation between the two types of psychiatry, as they often seem similar or even superimposable. Generally, the two terminologies are used indiscriminately, alternatively, and / or separately, within the same scientific works. In this paper, an overview is provided on the overlap between the application and meaning of the terms 'precision psychiatry' and 'personalized psychiatry'.
The regional pattern of abnormal cerebrovascular reactivity in HIV-infected, virally suppressed women.
Journal of neurovirology, 2020

The purpose of this study was to assess whole brain and regional patterns of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) abnormalities in HIV-infected women using quantitative whole brain arterial spin labeling (ASL). We hypothesized that HIV-infected women would demonstrate decreased regional brain CVR despite viral suppression. This cross-sectional study recruited subjects from the Bay Area Women's Interagency Health Study (WIHS)-a cohort study designed to investigate the progression of HIV disease in women. In addition to conventional noncontrast cerebral MRI sequences, perfusion imaging was performed before and after the administration of intravenous acetazolamide. CVR was measured by comparing quantitative ASL brain perfusion before and after administration of intravenous acetazolamide. In order to validate and corroborate ASL-based whole brain and regional perfusion, phase-contrast (PC) imaging was also performed through the major neck vessels. FLAIR and susceptibility weighted sequences were performed to assess for white matter injury and microbleeds, respectively. Ten HIV-infected women and seven uninfected, age-matched controls were evaluated. Significant group differences were present in whole brain and regional CVR between HIV-infected and uninfected women. These regional differences were significant in the frontal lobe and basal ganglia. CVR measurements were not significantly impacted by the degree of white matter signal abnormality or presence of microbleeds. Despite complete viral suppression, dysfunction of the neurovascular unit persists in the HIV population. Given the lack of association between CVR and traditional imaging markers of small vessel disease, CVR quantification may provide an early biomarker of pre-morbid vascular disease.
A Dedicated Evolutionarily Conserved Molecular Network Licenses Differentiated Cells to Return to the Cell Cycle.
Developmental cell, 2020

Differentiated cells can re-enter the cell cycle to repair tissue damage via a series of discrete morphological and molecular stages coordinated by the cellular energetics regulator mTORC1. We previously proposed the term "paligenosis" to describe this conserved cellular regeneration program. Here, we detail a molecular network regulating mTORC1 during paligenosis in both mouse pancreatic acinar and gastric chief cells. DDIT4 initially suppresses mTORC1 to induce autodegradation of differentiated cell components and damaged organelles. Later in paligenosis, IFRD1 suppresses p53 accumulation. Ifrd1
Normal pressure hydrocephalus-an overview of pathophysiological mechanisms and diagnostic procedures.
Neurosurgical review, 2020

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is an important differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. The prevalence of dementia is increasing in line with the worldwide increase in life expectancy. NPH can be divided into idiopathic (iNPH) and secondary (sNPH) which is important in terms of clinical symptoms, future progress, and the outcome of possible treatment. The full clinical triad is not prevalent in all of the cases and the pathophysiology of iNPH remains unclear. Diagnosis is based on the evaluation of clinical symptoms (Hakim's triad) combined with an MRI assessment, evaluation of CSF dynamic parameters by different methods such as a tap test, lumbar infusion test (LIT), and external lumbar drainage (ELD). Despite the development of diagnostic techniques and strategies in management, NPH remains to be a challenge for the specialists despite more than 50 years of research. However, results of this research have brought new opportunities in the diagnosis, therapy, and quality of life as well as survival time of NPH patients with improved symptoms. The aim of this article is to present the pathophysiological hypotheses of NPH and an overview of the diagnostic techniques used for the evaluation of NPH patients.
Assessment of Resilience of the Hellenic Navy Seals by Electrodermal Activity during Cognitive Tasks.
International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021

Stress resilience plays a key role in task performance during emergencies, especially in occupations like military special forces, with a routine consisting of unexpected events. Nevertheless, reliable and applicable measurements of resilience in predicting task performance in stressful conditions are still researched. This study aimed to explore the stress response in the Hellenic Navy SEALs (HN-SEALs), using a cognitive-physiological approach. Eighteen candidates under intense preparation for their enlistment in the HN-SEALs and 16 healthy controls (HCs) underwent Stroop tests, along with mental-state and personality examination. Simultaneously, electrodermal activity (EDA) was assessed during each one of cognitive testing procedures. Compared to healthy control values, multiple components of EDA values were found decreased (
Sustained Release GLP-1 Agonist PT320 Delays Disease Progression in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.
ACS pharmacology & translational science, 2021

GLP-1 agonists have become increasingly interesting as a new Parkinson's disease (PD) clinical treatment strategy. Additional preclinical studies are important to validate this approach and define the disease stage when they are most effective. We hence characterized the efficacy of PT320, a sustained release formulation of the long acting GLP-1 agonist, exenatide, in a progressive PD (MitoPark) mouse model. A clinically translatable biweekly PT320 dose was administered starting at 5 weeks of age and longitudinally evaluated to 24 weeks, and multiple behavioral/cellular parameters were measured. PT320 significantly improved spontaneous locomotor activity and rearing in MitoPark PD mice. "Motivated" behavior also improved, evaluated by accelerating rotarod performance. Behavioral improvement was correlated with enhanced cellular and molecular indices of dopamine (DA) midbrain function. Fast scan cyclic voltammetry demonstrated protection of striatal and nucleus accumbens DA release and reuptake in PT320 treated MitoPark mice. Positron emission tomography showed protection of striatal DA fibers and tyrosine hydroxylase protein expression was augmented by PT320 administration. Early PT320 treatment may hence provide an important neuroprotective therapeutic strategy in PD.
Primary care access to diagnostics: a paradigm shift.
The British journal of radiology, 2010

There is increasing medico-political impetus for the provision of direct access imaging services to primary care. This is likely to have fundamental effects on the way that imaging services are organised and provided, and radiologists need to be aware of the paradigm shift that is being promoted. This commentary summarises some of the key issues arising, and has been written to complement a recent conference organised by the British Institute of Radiology.
Resource utilisation and description of patients perceived as receiving inappropriate critical care.
Intensive & critical care nursing, 2019

Medical interventions that do not offer the patient meaningful benefit due to inconsistency with prognoses are often considered "inappropriate" by clinicians. We described the clinical details and resource utilisation of patients who were assessed as receiving inappropriate treatment.
An Electrode Configuration for Recording Muscle Motor Evoked Potentials in the Upper Extremities during Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring.
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society, 2017

The main aim of the present study is to examine the electrode configurations used to record the muscle motor evoked potential (mMEP) in the upper extremities during surgery with the goal of producing a high and stable mMEP signal, in particular among the abductor pollicis brevis (APB), abductor digiti minimi (ADM), and across the APB-ADM muscles, which have been widely used for the mMEP in the upper extremities.
Social origins of self-regulated attention during infancy and their disruption in autism spectrum disorder: Implications for early intervention.
Development and psychopathology, 2020

To understand the complex relationships between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other frequently comorbid conditions, a growing number of studies have investigated the emergence of ASD during infancy. This research has suggested that symptoms of ASD and highly related comorbid conditions emerge from complex interactions between neurodevelopmental vulnerabilities and early environments, indicating that developing treatments to prevent ASD is highly challenging. However, it also suggests that attenuating the negative effects of ASD on future development once identified is possible. The present paper builds on this by conceptualizing developmental delays in nonsocial skills as the potential product of altered caregiver-infant interactions following the emergence of ASD during infancy. And, following emerging findings from caregiver-infant dyadic head-mounted eye-tracking (D-ET) research, it also suggests that a multiple pathway model of joint attention can provide mechanistic insights into how ASD alters the ability of caregiver and infant to create a context for infant learning. The potential for this view to inform early intervention is further discussed and illustrated through D-ET data collected prior to and following a brief, parent-mediated intervention for infant ASD. While promising, further research informing how a multiple pathway model of joint attention can inform ASD early intervention is needed.
Ablation of NPFFR2 in Mice Reduces Response to Single Prolonged Stress Model.
Cells, 2020

Mental stress is highly related to many clinical symptoms and disorders, as it activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis to affect a wide variety of physiological functions. Furthermore, stress leads to the aberrations in HPA axis activity and disruptions of body homeostasis. It was previously shown that neuropeptide FF (NPFF) regulates the HPA axis through the activation of hypothalamus paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and genetic overexpression or pharmacological stimulation of NPFF receptor 2 (NPFFR2) triggers hyperactivity of HPA axis and suppresses behavioral correlates of emotion in mice. In this study, we further examined the role of NPFFR2 in stress response in mice by utilizing a single prolonged stress (SPS). SPS is considered a model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and mice undergo physical restraint, forced swimming, and ether anesthesia within a day followed by social isolation for one week. NPFFR2 knockout B6 mice were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and exposed to SPS. The NPFFR2 knockouts showed resistance to stress exposure-induced anxiety-like behaviors and HPA axis hyperactivity. Additionally, the hippocampal mRNA levels of glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor were reduced in wild-type (WT) mice but not in NPFFR2 knockouts after stress exposure. Our data also suggested that NPFFR2 knockout mice have stronger negative feedback on the HPA axis after exposure to SPS. Mice with intra-PVN
Differential immediate early gene activity revealed by playback of male and female incomplete chick-a-dee calls.
Behavioural brain research, 2020

In both humans and animals, biological differences between males and females has long been a topic of research. In songbirds, sexual dimorphisms can be seen in many species' plumage and heard in some species' songs. However, not all songbirds have such overt phenotypic sexual differences, leading to the question: are all vocalizations dimorphic? One of the most used and versatile vocalizations of the black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) is their namesake chick-a-dee call, that is produced by both sexes. This call is composed of four note types: A, B, C (together chick-a), and D (dee). Previous research has found that A notes contain information regarding the sex of the caller. However, chickadees do not categorize full chick-a-dee calls, or altered chick-a calls, based on the sex of the caller. Here we presented both male and female chickadees with altered chick-a calls (dee portion removed) of both sexes and measured the number of ZENK labeled cells in auditory nuclei. We found that calls produced by males and females had more ZENK labeled cells than the control condition; however, there was no significant difference in ZENK labeled cells between male and female listeners. Overall, our results suggest that black-capped chickadees do not perceive sexual differences in the production of chick-a calls.
Estimating Transfer Entropy in Continuous Time Between Neural Spike Trains or Other Event-Based Data.
PLoS computational biology, 2021

Transfer entropy (TE) is a widely used measure of directed information flows in a number of domains including neuroscience. Many real-world time series for which we are interested in information flows come in the form of (near) instantaneous events occurring over time. Examples include the spiking of biological neurons, trades on stock markets and posts to social media, amongst myriad other systems involving events in continuous time throughout the natural and social sciences. However, there exist severe limitations to the current approach to TE estimation on such event-based data via discretising the time series into time bins: it is not consistent, has high bias, converges slowly and cannot simultaneously capture relationships that occur with very fine time precision as well as those that occur over long time intervals. Building on recent work which derived a theoretical framework for TE in continuous time, we present an estimation framework for TE on event-based data and develop a k-nearest-neighbours estimator within this framework. This estimator is provably consistent, has favourable bias properties and converges orders of magnitude more quickly than the current state-of-the-art in discrete-time estimation on synthetic examples. We demonstrate failures of the traditionally-used source-time-shift method for null surrogate generation. In order to overcome these failures, we develop a local permutation scheme for generating surrogate time series conforming to the appropriate null hypothesis in order to test for the statistical significance of the TE and, as such, test for the conditional independence between the history of one point process and the updates of another. Our approach is shown to be capable of correctly rejecting or accepting the null hypothesis of conditional independence even in the presence of strong pairwise time-directed correlations. This capacity to accurately test for conditional independence is further demonstrated on models of a spiking neural circuit inspired by the pyloric circuit of the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion, succeeding where previous related estimators have failed.
[Functional imaging: role for the diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of Parkinson's disease].
Revue neurologique, 2010

Functional imaging is a tool that has been long restricted to research programs. However, the availability of ¹²³I-Ioflupane SPECT imaging has developed its' clinical utilization with a risk of misuse. There is room for improvement for the differential diagnosis between idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes and the measure of brain glucose metabolism with PET might fill this gap in the future. Conversely, functional imaging is still a major tool for the evaluation of new experimental therapeutic strategies in PD, especially for those aiming at restoring or protecting striatal dopaminergic innervation.
Nothing Is Yet Set in (Hi)stone: Novel Post-Translational Modifications Regulating Chromatin Function.
Trends in biochemical sciences, 2020

Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) have emerged as exciting mechanisms of biological regulation, impacting pathways related to cancer, immunity, brain function, and more. Over the past decade alone, several histone PTMs have been discovered, including acylation, lipidation, monoaminylation, and glycation, many of which appear to have crucial roles in nucleosome stability and transcriptional regulation. In this review, we discuss novel histone PTMs identified within the past 10 years, with an extended focus on enzymatic versus nonenzymatic mechanisms underlying modification and adduction. Furthermore, we consider how these novel histone PTMs might fit within the framework of a so-called 'histone code', emphasizing the physiological relevance of these PTMs in metabolism, development, and disease states.
Mapping Brain Activity onto Molecularly Defined Cells.
Neuron, 2017

The brain processes information and generates behavior by employing a wide array of different cell types. In this issue of Neuron, Wu et al. (2017) report a novel method that enables the efficient identification of molecularly defined cells that participate in a specific brain function.
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Molecular pharmaceutics, 2020

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), being the most severe cerebrovascular disease, accounts for 10-15% of all strokes. Hematoma expansion is one of the most important factors associated with poor outcome in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Several studies have suggested that an "ischemic penumbra" might arise when the hematoma has a large expansion, but clinical studies are inconclusive. We performed a preclinical study to demonstrate the presence of hypoxic-ischemic tissue around the hematoma by means of longitudinal [
Intranuclear immunostaining-based FACS protocol from embryonic cortical tissue.
STAR protocols, 2021

Cell sorting can be used to purify cell populations for cell type-specific molecular probing. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) coupled with high-throughput sequencing affords molecular signature identification for specific cell types. FACS has many challenges that limit comprehensive cell purification from the brain, leading to incomplete molecular characterization. Here, we present the intranuclear immunostaining-based FACS protocol with several modified steps, which allows optimized nuclei/cell sorting from mouse or human embryonic cortical tissue for distinct downstream molecular investigation of basal intermediate progenitors.
Distribution of VTA Glutamate and Dopamine Terminals, and their Significance in CA1 Neural Network Activity.
Neuroscience, 2020

Reciprocal connection between the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the hippocampus forms a loop that controls information entry into long-term memory. Compared with the widely studied VTA dopamine system, VTA glutamate terminals are anatomically dominant in the hippocampus and less understood. The current study employs anterograde and retrograde labeling of VTA dopamine and glutamate neurons to map the distribution of their terminals within the layers of the hippocampus. Also, functional tracing of VTA dopamine and glutamate projections to the hippocampus was performed by photostimulation of VTA cell bodies during CA1 extracellular voltage sampling in vivo. VTA dopamine terminals predominantly innervate the CA1 basal dendrite layer and modulate the firing rate of active putative neurons. In contrast, anatomical dominance of VTA glutamate terminals in the CA1 pyramidal cell and apical dendrite layers suggests the possible involvement of these terminals in excitability regulation. In support of these outcomes, photostimulation of VTA dopamine neurons increased the firing rate but not intrinsic excitability parameters for putative pyramidal units. Conversely, activation of VTA glutamate neurons increased CA1 network firing rate and burst rate. In addition, VTA glutamate inputs reduced the interspike and interburst intervals for putative CA1 neurons. Taken together, we deduced that layer-specific distribution of presynaptic dopamine and glutamate terminals in the hippocampus determinines VTA modulation (dopamine) or regulation (glutamate) of excitability in the CA1 neural network.
A hormetic approach to understanding antidepressant effectiveness and the development of antidepressant tolerance - A conceptual view.
Psychiatria polska, 2020

Antidepressants such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have complex temporal effects. They may worsen symptoms during early treatment, they may reduce depressive symptoms over several weeks of treatment, and they may lose effectiveness over more prolonged treatment or after repeated treatment trials. Conceptually, these effects fall within the domain of hormesis, which refers to a biphasic or multiphasic response to a drug or toxin. Hormetic effects are commonly triggered when a drug interacts with homeostatic mechanisms. We develop and evaluate a theoretical framework for understanding how adaptations to SSRIs that restore synaptic homeostasis may partially contribute to their hormetic effects. Specifically, the serotonin system adapts to SSRIs by suppressing the firing of serotonergic neurons, inhibiting the synthesis of serotonin, and reducing the overall content of serotonin in the brain. Moreover, rodent models such as inescapable shock show that serotonin neurotransmission to specific forebrain regions is a necessary, but insufficient cause of depressive symptoms. Our review suggests: (1) early worsening of symptoms may be related to the direct effects of SSRIs on synaptic serotonin; (2) the symptom-reducing effects could be related to the loss of serotonin content in the brain during SSRI exposure; (3) the loss of efficacy over prolonged exposure could be related to the central nervous system equilibrating to the SSRIs. The serotonin system's adaptations to SSRIs may play a clinically meaningful role in their hormetic effects on depressive symptoms. A complete understanding of SSRIs' hormetic effects will require exploring temporal dynamics in other neurotransmitter systems.
European Society of Emergency Radiology: guideline on radiological polytrauma imaging and service (short version).
Insights into imaging, 2020

Although some national recommendations for the role of radiology in a polytrauma service exist, there are no European guidelines to date. Additionally, for many interdisciplinary guidelines, radiology tends to be under-represented. These factors motivated the European Society of Emergency Radiology (ESER) to develop radiologically-centred polytrauma guidelines.
Dr. Eugene Roberts.
Journal of neurochemistry, 2017

This is an obituary for Eugene Roberts (1920-2016), an outstanding neurobiochemist who was the first to report on the discovery of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, and whose research focused on the important role of GABA in human health and disease.