rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
Ear-EEG-based sleep scoring in epilepsy: A comparison with scalp-EEG.
Journal of sleep research, 2020

Ear-EEG is a wearable electroencephalogram-recording device. It relies on recording electrodes that are nested within a custom-fitted earpiece in the external ear canal. The concept has previously been tested for seizure detection in epileptic patients and for sleep recordings in a healthy population. This study is the first to examine the use of ear-EEG recordings for sleep staging in patients with epilepsy, comparing it with standard recordings from scalp-EEG. We use individuals with epilepsy because of their multiple sleep disturbances, and their complex relationship between seizures and sleep, which make this group very likely to benefit from wearable electroencephalogram devices for sleep if it were introduced in the clinic. The accuracy of the ear-EEG against that of the scalp-EEG is compared for sleep staging, and we evaluate features of sleep architecture in individuals with epilepsy. A mean kappa value of 0.74 is found for the agreement between hypnograms derived from ear-EEG and scalp-EEG. Furthermore, it was discovered that sleep stage transition frequency could be contributing to the kappa variation. These findings are related to other ear-recording systems in the literature, and the potentials and future obstacles of the device are discussed.
Functional connectivity analysis of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy displaying different ictal propagation patterns.
Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape, 2020

The pathophysiology of switch-of lateralization and bilateral temporal asynchrony, which are scalp EEG ictal propagation patterns (iPP) in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), is poorly understood. We aimed to analyse functional connectivity (FC) of the temporal lobe and related areas in patients with TLE with iPP (iPP-TLE) and without iPP (non-iPP TLE). Twelve patients with iPP-TLE, 13 patients with non-iPP TLE, and 13 healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state functional MRI (fMRI). Seed-based FC was analysed between the homologous insulae, hippocampi, amygdalae, parahippocampal, superior temporal, and middle temporal gyri. FC was reduced between homologous temporal lobe areas in patients with TLE compared with HCs. Patients with non-iPP TLE displayed decreased FC between the homologous parahippocampal and superior temporal gyri, and patients with iPP-TLE had lower FC between the homologous insulae, parahippocampal and superior temporal gyri compared with HC. Furthermore, patients with iPP-TLE tended to have lower FC between the bilateral insulae when compared with patients with non-iPP TLE. Reduced FC of interhemispheric connections between temporal lobes and related areas might be an adaptive change to protect contralateral areas in seizure propagation. The insula showed decreased FC between two hemispheres in patients with iPP-TLE, assuming a role in ictal scalp propagation pattern changes in TLE.
Behavioral traits that define social dominance are the same that reduce social influence in a consensus task.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020

Dominant individuals are often most influential in their social groups, affecting movement, opinion, and performance across species and contexts. Yet, behavioral traits like aggression, intimidation, and coercion, which are associated with and in many cases define dominance, can be socially aversive. The traits that make dominant individuals influential in one context may therefore reduce their influence in other contexts. Here, we examine this association between dominance and influence using the cichlid fish
Forebrain overexpression of type 1 adenylyl cyclase promotes molecular stability and behavioral resilience to physical stress.
Neurobiology of stress, 2020

The ability to cope with stress is essential for emotional stability and mental health. It is also hypothesized that factors promoting resilience to stress may offer treatment strategies for maladaptive disorders such as anxiety and depression. Here, we find that physical restraint reduces the expression of type 1 adenylyl cyclase (
The role of stigma in children and adolescents with mental health difficulties.
Current opinion in psychiatry, 2020

Children and adolescents with mental health difficulties, and people associated with them, can experience stigma as a result of these difficulties. This article aims to provide an update on the literature pertaining to mental health-related stigma in children and adolescents.
Recurrent versus first cervical artery dissection - a retrospective study of clinical and vascular characteristics.
European journal of neurology, 2020

Most recurrent cervical artery dissection (CeAD) events occur shortly after the acute first CeAD. This study compared the characteristics of recurrent and first CeAD events and searched for associations between subsequent events of an individual person.
Motivation and reward mechanisms in health behavior change processes.
Brain research, 2021

With increasing prevalence of lifestyle-related chronic diseases worldwide, understanding health behavior change and the development of successful interventions to support lifestyle modification is gaining increasing interest among politicians, scientists, therapists and patients alike. A number of health behavior change theories have been developed aiming at explaining health behavior change and understanding the domains that make change more likely. Until now, only few studies have taken into account automatic, implicit or non-cognitive aspects of behavior, including emotion and positive affect. Recent progress in the neuroscience of motivation and reward systems can provide further insights into the relevance of such domains. In this integrative review, we present a description of the possible motivation and reward systems (approach/wanting = pleasure; aversion/avoiding = relief; assertion/non-wanting = quiescence) involved in behavior change. Therefore, based on established theories encompassing both initiation and maintenance of behavior change, we create a flexible seven-stage behavior change process with three engagement phases (non-engagement, motivational engagement, executive engagement) and relate the motivation and reward systems to each of these stages. We propose that either appetitive (preferably) or aversive motivational salience is activated during motivational engagement, that learning leads to continued behavior and that assertive salience prevails when the new behavior has become habitual. We discuss under which circumstances these mechanisms and reward-motivation pathways are likely to occur and address potential shortcomings of our proposed theoretical framework. We highlight implications for future interventions aiming at lifestyle modification.
Patterns of neural activity in the mouse brain: Wakefulness vs. General anesthesia.
Neuroscience letters, 2020

In light of the general shift from rats to mice as the leading rodent model in neuroscience research we used c-Fos expression as a tool to survey brain regions in the mouse in which neural activity differs between the states of wakefulness and pentobarbital-induced general anesthesia. The aim was to complement prior surveys carried out in rats. In addition to a broad qualitative review, 28 specific regions of interest (ROIs) were evaluated quantitatively. Nearly all ROIs in the cerebral cortex showed suppressed activity during anesthesia. Subcortically, however, some ROIs showed suppression, some showed little change, and some showed increased activity. The overall picture was similar to the rat. Special attention was devoted to ROIs significantly activated during anesthesia, as such loci might actively drive the transition to anesthetic unconsciousness rather than responding passively to inhbitory agents distributed globally (the "wet blanket" hypothesis). Twelve such "anesthesia-on" ROIs were identified: the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, tuberomamillary nucleus, lateral habenular nucleus, dentate gyrus, nucleus raphe pallidus, central amygdaloid nucleus, perifornical lateral hypothalamus, ventro-lateral preoptic area, lateral septum, paraventricular thalamic nucleus and zona incerta. The same primary anti-FOS antibody was used in all mice, but two alternative reporter systems were employed: ABC-diaminobenzidine and the currently more popular AlexaFluor488. Fluorescence tagging revealed far fewer FOS-immunoreactive neurons, sounding an alert that the reporter system chosen can have major effects on results obtained.
Effect of electrode separation on high-resolution impedance manometry catheters for ex vivo animal experiments.
Neurogastroenterology and motility, 2019

High-resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) catheters are used for esophageal reflux and bolus transit studies. Usually, these catheters have electrodes spaced at 20 mm intervals that are used for measuring electrical impedance between the consecutive electrodes and pressure sensors with 10 mm separation. Electrical impedance is a distributed measurement between the electrodes, unlike the point measurement of pressure sensors. Thus, the electrode separations affect the overall spatiotemporal resolution of the measurement.
Effectiveness of blood flow-restricted slow walking on mobility in severe multiple sclerosis: A pilot randomized trial.
Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 2020

We tested the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of blood flow restriction-empowered low-intensity interval walking exercise (BFR-W) compared with conventional intensive overground walking (CON-W) at improving gait speed and functional capacity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and severe gait disabilities.
Brain 5-HT function in bipolar affective disorder.
Acta neuropsychiatrica, 2000

Previous studies suggest that brain serotonin neurotransmission may mediate the actions of lithium carbonate. Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) reduces brain serotonin and allows the study of this neurotransmitter in patient groups. Serotonin modulates electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, which is abnormal in bipolar disorder, and EEG abnormalities persist in euthymic bipolar patients. The EEG may therefore be a sensitive marker of 5-HT function in bipolar disorder.
Foraging and flight trump defense and fight.
Nature neuroscience, 2016

Hypothalamic Agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons promote feeding via inhibitory mechanisms. A downstream target in the medial amygdala both mediates feeding and modulates risk-taking and defensive behaviors in the face of starvation.
Association of Temperament With Preoperative Anxiety in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
JAMA network open, 2019

Preoperative anxiety is associated with poor behavioral adherence during anesthetic induction and adverse postoperative outcomes. Research suggests that temperament can affect preoperative anxiety and influence its short- and long-term effects, but these associations have not been systematically examined.
Effects of atenolol injected into the nucleus accumbens septi in rats in the elevated plus-maze test.
Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology, 2020

Background In previous studies, we have observed that glutamate antagonists injected within the nucleus accumbens septi (NAS) induced an anxiolytic-like effect in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test in rats. In the present study, the effect of Atenolol, a specific Beta Adreno-receptor antagonist in the EPM was studied in male rats bilaterally cannulated NAS. Methods Rats were divided into five groups that received either 1 μL injections of saline or atenolol in different doses (0.75, 1 or 2 μg/1 μL, n=15-16) 15 min before testing. Results Time Spent in the Open Arm was modified by treatment (F=4.563, p=0.006, df 3). This was increased by the lowest dose of atenolol (p<0.05), by the medium doses (p<0.001) and also by the highest dose (p<0.01). Time per Entry was modified by treatment (F=4.54, p=0.06, df 3). This parameter was increased by the lowest dose of atenolol (p<0.01), but not for the medium and higher doses. Conclusions We conclude that Atenolol beta receptor blockade in the accumbens lead to an anxiolytic-like effect related to an increase in the time spent in the open arm and in the time per entry, showing specific behavioral patterns.
Elevated inflammatory proteins in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with painful knee osteoarthritis are associated with reduced symptom severity.
Journal of neuroimmunology, 2020

Neuroinflammation and periphery-to-CNS neuroimmune cross-talk in patients with painful knee osteoarthritis (OA) are poorly understood. We utilized proximity extension assay to measure the level of 91 inflammatory proteins in CSF and serum from OA patients and controls. The patients had elevated levels of 48 proteins in CSF indicating neuroinflammation. Ten proteins were correlated between CSF and serum and potentially involved in periphery-to-CNS neuroimmune cross-talk. Seven CSF proteins, all with previously reported neuroprotective effects, were associated with lower pain intensity and milder knee-related symptoms. Our findings indicate that neuroinflammation in OA could be protective and associated with less severe symptoms.
Thrombophilia with an onset symptom of intracranial venous thrombosis: A case report and review of the literature.
Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 2017

Thrombophilia may be hereditary or acquired and is associated with a high risk of thrombosis. The diagnosis rate for thrombophilia is low, particularly for patients with non-specific symptoms. The present study describes a patient with thrombophilia, presenting with onset symptoms for intracranial venous thrombosis. The patient had increased serum homocysteine and anticardiolipin immunoglobulin G antibodies and decreased protein S activities. In addition, the patient was obese and had a one-week history of fatigue, immobilization and insufficient water intake. Radiological findings identified multiple venous thrombosis. Since the patient had multiple risk factors for thrombosis, the diagnosis of thrombophilia was made. No mutations with definite clinical significance were identified in the assessments for mutations of the protein S-α (PROS1) gene. The current case highlights the importance of correct diagnosis for thrombophilia in patients who present with the onset symptoms of intracranial venous thrombosis.
Faster R-CNN approach for detection and quantification of DNA damage in comet assay images.
Computers in biology and medicine, 2020

DNA damage analysis can provide valuable information in several areas ranging from the diagnosis/treatment of a disease to the monitoring of the effects of genetic and environmental influences. The evaluation of the damage is determined by comet scoring, which can be performed by a skilled operator with a manual procedure. However, this approach becomes very time-consuming and the operator dependency results in the subjectivity of the damage quantification and thus in a high inter/intra-operator variability.
The diversity of linkage-specific polyubiquitin chains and their role in synaptic plasticity and memory formation.
Neurobiology of learning and memory, 2020

Over the last 20 years, a number of studies have provided strong support for protein degradation mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. In this system, target substrates become covalently modified by the small protein ubiquitin through a series of enzymatic reactions involving hundreds of different ligases. While some substrates will acquire only a single ubiquitin, most will be marked by multiple ubiquitin modifications, which link together at specific lysine sites or the N-terminal methionine on the previous ubiquitin to form a polyubiquitin chain. There are at least eight known linkage-specific polyubiquitin chains a target protein can acquire, many of which are independent of the proteasome, and these chains can be homogenous, mixed, or branched in nature, all of which result in different functional outcomes and fates for the target substrate. However, as the focus has remained on protein degradation, much remains unknown about the role of these diverse ubiquitin chains in the brain, particularly during activity- and learning-dependent synaptic plasticity. Here, we review the different types and functions of ubiquitin chains and summarize evidence suggesting a role for these diverse ubiquitin modifications in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. We conclude by discussing how technological limitations have limited our ability to identify and elucidate the role of different ubiquitin chains in the brain and speculate on the future directions and implications of understanding linkage-specific ubiquitin modifications in activity- and learning-dependent synaptic plasticity.
Neural correlates of task and source switching: similar or different?
Biological psychology, 2010

Controlling everyday behaviour relies on the ability to configure appropriate task sets and guide attention towards information relevant to the current context and goals. Here, we ask whether these two aspects of cognitive control have different neural bases. Electrical brain activity was recorded while sixteen adults performed two discrimination tasks. The tasks were performed on either a visual input (letter on the screen) or self-generated information (letter generated internally by continuing the alphabetical sequence). In different blocks, volunteers either switched between (i) the two tasks, (ii) the two sources of information, or (iii) tasks and source of information. Event-related potentials differed significantly between switch and no-switch trials from an early point in time, encompassing at least three distinct effects. Crucially, although these effects showed quantitative differences across switch types, no qualitative differences were observed. Thus, at least under the current circumstances, switching between different tasks and between perceptually derived or self-generated sources of information rely on similar neural correlates until at least 900 ms after the onset of a switch event.
Temporal dynamics of suspiciousness and hallucinations in clinical high risk and first episode psychosis.
Psychiatry research, 2020

The objective of the current study is to elucidate the temporal dynamics of suspiciousness and hallucinations as they occur in daily life in the early stages of psychosis. Their prevalence and co-occurrence, as well as their temporal relation to affect and delusions, were compared between patients with a first psychotic episode (FEP) and individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHRp). The Experience Sampling Method was used to investigate suspiciousness and hallucinatory experiences, delusions, and affect at semi-random moments throughout six days in 33 CHRp and 34 FEP. Overall, 91% of CHRp and 59% of FEP reported suspiciousness, and 24% and 39% reported hallucinations, respectively. Hallucinations almost always co-occurred with suspiciousness, whereas suspiciousness was often present without hallucinations. Suspicious episodes in CHRp occurred with marked increases in delusional intensity, while hallucinatory experiences were mostly absent. In FEP, a decrease of positive affect preceded suspicious episodes, while an increase of negative affect preceded hallucinatory episodes. Our results indicated the presence of a delusional mood (atmosphere) in CHRp as an experience in itself, without co-occurring or following hallucinations, thus refuting the anomalous experience hypothesis of psychosis. The co-occurrence of hallucinations, on the other hand, indicates a more severe stage of symptomatology.
The costs of epilepsy in Australia: A productivity-based analysis.
Neurology, 2020

To determine the health economic burden of epilepsy for Australians of working age by using life table modeling and to model whether improved seizure control may result in substantial health economic benefits.
Direct on-the-spot detection of SARS-CoV-2 in patients.
Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.), 2020

Humanity is currently experiencing a global pandemic with devastating implications on human health and the economy. Most countries are gradually exiting their lockdown state. We are currently lacking rapid and simple viral detections, especially methods that can be performed in the household. Here, we applied RT-LAMP directly on human clinical swabs and self-collected saliva samples. We adjusted the method to allow simple and rapid viral detection, with no RNA purification steps. By testing our method on over 180 human samples, we determined its sensitivity, and by applying it to other viruses, we determined its specificity. We believe this method has a promising potential to be applied world-wide as a simple and cheap surveillance test for SARS-CoV-2.
Structural integrity of white matter tracts as a predictor of acute ischemic stroke outcome.
International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society, 2020

Clinical assessment scores in acute ischemic stroke are only moderately correlated with lesion volume since lesion location is an important confounding factor. Many studies have investigated gray matter indicators of stroke severity, but the understanding of white matter tract involvement is limited in the early phase after stroke. This study aimed to measure and model the involvement of white matter tracts with respect to 24-h post-stroke National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS).
When people estimate their personal intelligence who is overconfident? Who is accurate?
Journal of personality, 2020

We explore accurate self-knowledge versus overconfidence in personal intelligence-a "broad" intelligence about personality. The theory of personal intelligence proposes that people vary in their ability to understand the traits, goals, plans, and actions of themselves and others. We wondered who accurately knew that they were higher in personal intelligence and who did not, and whether individuals with more accurate estimates were distinguishable from others in their psychological characteristics.
The effect of motor engagement on memory: Testing a motor-induced encoding account.
Memory & cognition, 2021

The motor system is traditionally thought to reflect the output of cognition. However, the inverse relationship of how the motor system impacts cognitive processes is less known. Work on this interaction has demonstrated that recognition memory for stimuli presented in combination with the inhibition of a prepared action is weaker compared to stimuli associated with the execution of an action (Chiu & Egner, Psychological Science, 26, 27-38, 2015a). This effect has been explained through competition for common neural resources: to the extent that response inhibition processes are recruited, fewer resources are available for memory encoding (Chiu & Egner, Journal of Neuroscience, 35, 11936-11945, 2015b). Alternatively, it has been proposed that action execution enhances memory encoding (Yebra et al., Nature Communications, 10(1), 1-12, 2019). In this report, we examined how recognition memory for stimuli paired with both the preparation and execution of a motor response compare to stimuli absent of any motor processes. We first replicated Chiu and Egner (2015a, 2015b). Next, we added a motor-neutral condition as a baseline comparison. Across three experiments, recognition memory for stimuli associated with action execution was superior to stimuli absent of motor demands. More importantly, we found that recognition memory for stimuli associated with motor preparation, but no subsequent execution, was also superior to stimuli that did not engage the motor system (Experiments 2a and 2b). These results support a motor-induced encoding effect, in which the degree of motor processing (both action preparation and action execution) enhanced memory encoding.