rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
Auditory activity is diverse and widespread throughout the central brain of Drosophila.
Nature neuroscience, 2021

Sensory pathways are typically studied by starting at receptor neurons and following postsynaptic neurons into the brain. However, this leads to a bias in analyses of activity toward the earliest layers of processing. Here, we present new methods for volumetric neural imaging with precise across-brain registration to characterize auditory activity throughout the entire central brain of Drosophila and make comparisons across trials, individuals and sexes. We discover that auditory activity is present in most central brain regions and in neurons responsive to other modalities. Auditory responses are temporally diverse, but the majority of activity is tuned to courtship song features. Auditory responses are stereotyped across trials and animals in early mechanosensory regions, becoming more variable at higher layers of the putative pathway, and this variability is largely independent of ongoing movements. This study highlights the power of using an unbiased, brain-wide approach for mapping the functional organization of sensory activity.
A Paradigm for Longitudinal Complex Network Analysis over Patient Cohorts in Neuroscience.
Network science (Cambridge University Press), 2019

The study of complex brain networks, where structural or functional connections are evaluated to create an interconnected representation of the brain, has grown tremendously over the past decade. Much of the statistical network science tools for analyzing brain networks have been developed for cross-sectional studies and for the analysis of static networks. However, with both an increase in longitudinal study designs, as well as an increased interest in the neurological network changes that occur during the progression of a disease, sophisticated methods for longitudinal brain network analysis are needed. We propose a paradigm for longitudinal brain network analysis over patient cohorts, with the key challenge being the adaptation of Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models (SAOMs) to the neuroscience setting. SAOMs are designed to capture network dynamics representing a variety of influences on network change in a continuous-time Markov chain framework. Network dynamics are characterized through both endogenous (i.e., network related) and exogenous effects, where the latter include mechanisms conjectured in the literature. We outline an application to the resting-state fMRI setting with data from the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study. We draw illustrative conclusions at the subject level and make a comparison between elderly controls and individuals with AD.
Conus Medullaris Infarction Involving the Paraspinal Muscles and Nerve Roots.
Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association, 2020

Spinal cord infarctions account for less than 1% of all strokes. The segmental artery supplies the spinal cord, vertebrae, nerve roots, and paraspinal muscles. To our knowledge, this is the first case of spinal cord infarction involving multiple distinct infarcts at various sites, including the lumbar vertebrae, conus medullaris, dorsal thoracolumbar spinal cord, paraspinal muscles, and nerve roots.
Mini-open removal of intradural spinal tumor.
Neurosurgical focus, 2012

Minimally invasive surgical (MIS) approaches have gained popularity in many surgical fields. Potential advantages to a minimally invasive, spinal intradural approach include decreased operative blood loss, shorter hospitalization, and less post-operative pain. Potential disadvantages include longer operative times, decreased exposure, and difficulty closing the dura. Prior case series from our group and others have demonstrated successful tumor resections using MIS techniques without increased complications. In this 3D video, we demonstrate the key steps in our mini-open, transpinous approach for the resection of an intradural, extramedullary lumbar schwannoma. This operation is performed through a midline incision confined to one or two levels. The spinous process is removed. The paraspinal muscles are spread using a series of sequentially larger tubular dilators, and the first dilator is placed in the space previously occupied by the target level spinous process. The expandable tube retractor is then placed over the largest dilator and docked into place over the target laminae. The expandable tubular retractor is 6 centimeters in depth and 2.5 centimeters in width before expansion and is adjustable to 9 centimeters in depth and 4-5 centimeters in diameter which allows removal of intradural lesions confined to one or two spinal segments. The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/l_C4VruKYng .
Winter is coming: Regulation of cellular metabolism by enzyme polymerization in dormancy and disease.
Experimental cell research, 2020

Metabolism feeds growth. Accordingly, metabolism is regulated by nutrient-sensing pathways that converge growth promoting signals into biosynthesis by regulating the activity of metabolic enzymes. When the environment does not support growth, organisms invest in survival. For cells, this entails transitioning into a dormant, quiescent state (G0). In dormancy, the activity of biosynthetic pathways is dampened, and catabolic metabolism and stress tolerance pathways are activated. Recent work in yeast has demonstrated that dormancy is associated with alterations in the physicochemical properties of the cytoplasm, including changes in pH, viscosity and macromolecular crowding. Accompanying these changes, numerous metabolic enzymes transition from soluble to polymerized assemblies. These large-scale self-assemblies are dynamic and depolymerize when cells resume growth. Here we review how enzyme polymerization enables metabolic plasticity by tuning carbohydrate, nucleic acid, amino acid and lipid metabolic pathways, with particular focus on its potential adaptive value in cellular dormancy.
Cell Surface Protein mRNAs Show Differential Transcription in Pyramidal and Fast-Spiking Cells as Revealed by Single-Cell Sequencing.
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 2021

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a key role in higher order cognitive functions and psychiatric disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and depression. In the PFC, the two major classes of neurons are the glutamatergic pyramidal (Pyr) cells and the GABAergic interneurons such as fast-spiking (FS) cells. Despite extensive electrophysiological, morphological, and pharmacological studies of the PFC, the therapeutically utilized drug targets are restricted to dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic receptors. To expand the pharmacological possibilities as well as to better understand the cellular and network effects of clinically used drugs, it is important to identify cell-type-selective, druggable cell surface proteins and to link developed drug candidates to Pyr or FS cell targets. To identify the mRNAs of such cell-specific/enriched proteins, we performed ultra-deep single-cell mRNA sequencing (19 685 transcripts in total) on electrophysiologically characterized intact PFC neurons harvested from acute brain slices of mice. Several selectively expressed transcripts were identified with some of the genes that have already been associated with cellular mechanisms of psychiatric diseases, which we can now assign to Pyr (e.g., Kcnn2, Gria3) or FS (e.g., Kcnk2, Kcnmb1) cells. The earlier classification of PFC neurons was also confirmed at mRNA level, and additional markers have been provided.
Neurosurgery, "neurospine," and neuroscience: a vital synergy?
Journal of neurosurgery. Spine, 2008

A fundamental dilemma that faces both neurosurgery in general and the subspecialty field of spine surgery is the question of whether those who trained in the former and now work in the latter should maintain their links with their origins and remain under the broader umbrella of neurosurgery, or whether they should develop their own organizational structure and identity separate from organized neurosurgery. This challenge raises many questions with respect to future potential for growth and development, professional identity, and collegiality. This paper is an edited version of an invited speech to the 2007 Annual Meeting of the Joint Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves. It uses the concept of synergy to review relevant history and explore possible future options for neurosurgery, neurospine, and neuroscience. An example from medical politics is used to illustrate the importance of perspective in approaching these questions, and examples of current therapeutic cutting-edge endeavors highlight the need for team-based behavior that takes a broad view. The premise of the paper is that while individual and specialty aspirations need to be acknowledged, considered, and managed, the results from truly working together will be greater than the sum of the individual efforts-synergy.
Pre-movement changes in sensorimotor beta oscillations predict motor adaptation drive.
Scientific reports, 2020

Beta frequency oscillations in scalp electroencephalography (EEG) recordings over the primary motor cortex have been associated with the preparation and execution of voluntary movements. Here, we test whether changes in beta frequency are related to the preparation of adapted movements in human, and whether such effects generalise to other species (cat). Eleven healthy adult humans performed a joystick visuomotor adaptation task. Beta (15-25 Hz) scalp EEG signals recorded over the motor cortex during a pre-movement preparatory phase were, on average, significantly reduced in amplitude during early adaptation trials compared to baseline, late adaptation, or aftereffect trials. The changes in beta were not related to measurements of reaction time or reach duration. We also recorded local field potential (LFP) activity within the primary motor cortex of three cats during a prism visuomotor adaptation task. Analysis of these signals revealed similar reductions in motor cortical LFP beta frequencies during early adaptation. This effect was present when controlling for any influence of the reaction time and reach duration. Overall, the results are consistent with a reduction in pre-movement beta oscillations predicting an increase in adaptive drive in upcoming task performance when motor errors are largest in magnitude and the rate of adaptation is greatest.
Fluoxetine increases hippocampal neural survival by improving axonal transport in stress-induced model of depression male rats.
Physiology & behavior, 2020

Axonal transport deficit is a key mechanism involved in neurodegenerative conditions. Fluoxetine, a commonly used antidepressant for treatment of depression, is known to regulate several important structural and neurochemical aspects of hippocampal functions. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic fluoxetine treatment on axonal transport in the hippocampus of rat stress-induced model of depression.
Lumbar facet cyst tuberculosis: a rare cause of cauda equina compression. Illustrative case.
Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons, 2021

Spinal tuberculosis may present in atypical form to involve only the posterior spinal element with relative sparing of the anterior vertebral body and intervertebral disc. Recognition of this unusual pattern is important to avoid delay in diagnosis and treatment.
Laminar Differences in Associative Memory Signals in Monkey Perirhinal Cortex.
Neuron, 2016

New research published in Neuron describes assignment of cortical layer to single neurons recorded in awake monkeys. Applying the procedure to perirhinal cortex, Koyano et al. (2016) found marked and unsuspected differences among layers in the coding of associative memory signals.
Irregular sleep and event schedules are associated with poorer self-reported well-being in US college students.
Sleep, 2020

Sleep regularity, in addition to duration and timing, is predictive of daily variations in well-being. One possible contributor to changes in these sleep dimensions are early morning scheduled events. We applied a composite metric-the Composite Phase Deviation (CPD)-to assess mistiming and irregularity of both sleep and event schedules to examine their relationship with self-reported well-being in US college students.
Stress, inflammation, depression, and dementia associated with phosphate toxicity.
Molecular biology reports, 2020

Depression and dementia are predicted to increase within aging global populations. Pathophysiological effects of phosphate toxicity, dysregulated amounts of accumulated phosphorus in body tissue, are under-investigated in association with stress, inflammation, depression, and dementia. A comparative analysis of concepts in cited sources from the research literature was used to synthesize novel themes exploring the disease-oriented neuroscience effects of phosphate toxicity. Phosphate toxicity is associated with activation of cellular stress response systems and inflammation. Cortisol released by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responds to stress and inflammation associated with phosphate toxicity and depression. In a reciprocal interaction, phosphate toxicity is capable of harming adrenal gland function, possibly leading to adrenal insufficiency and depression. Furthermore, Alzheimer's disease is associated with hyperphosphorylated tau which self-assembles into neurofibrillary tangles from excessive amounts of phosphate in the brain and central nervous system. Future research should investigate dietary phosphate modification to reduce potential pathophysiological effects of phosphate toxicity in stress, inflammation, depression, and cognitive decline which affects global populations.
GCaMP3 expressing cells in the ganglion cell layer of Thy1-GCaMP3 transgenic mice before and after optic nerve injury.
Experimental eye research, 2021

The genetically encoded green fluorescent protein-based calcium sensor, GCaMP, has been used to detect calcium transients and report neuronal activity. We evaluated the specificity of GCaMP3 expression to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of the transgenic Thy1-GCaMP3 mouse line in healthy control animals and in those after optic nerve transection (ONT). Retinas from control mice (n = 4) were isolated and stained for RNA-binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), specific markers for RGCs and cholinergic amacrine cells, respectively. GCaMP3 expression was enhanced with green fluorescent protein (GFP) immunoreactivity. In one subset of animals, ONT was performed 3, 7, or 14 days before sacrifice (n = 4, 4, 4, respectively). Cells positive for GCaMP3, RBPMS, ChAT, as well as the population of co-labeled cells, were quantified. In another subset of animals (n = 4), in vivo confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope imaging was performed in the same mice at baseline and at 3, 7 and 14 days after ONT. The mean (SD) densities of GCaMP3, RBPMS, and ChAT expressing cells in control retinas were 2663 (110), 3401 (175), and 1041 (47) cells/mm
Behavioural manifestations and associated non-motor features of freezing of gait: A narrative review and theoretical framework.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2020

Over the past decade, non-motor related symptoms and provocative contexts have offered unique opportunities to gain insight into the potential mechanisms that may underpin freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD). While this large body of work has informed several theoretical models, to date, few are capable of explaining behavioural findings across multiple domains (i.e. cognitive, sensory-perceptual and affective) and in different behavorial contexts. As such, the exact nature of these interrelationships and their neural basis remain quite enigmatic. Here, the non-motor, behavioural evidence for cognitive, sensory-perceptual and affective contributors to FOG are reviewed and synthesized by systematically examining (i) studies that manipulated contextual environments that provoke freezing of gait, (ii) studies that uncovered factors that have been proposed to contribute to freezing, and (iii) studies that longitudinally tracked factors that predict the future development of freezing of gait. After consolidating the evidence, we offer a novel perspective for integrating these multi-faceted behavioural patterns and identify key challenges that warrant consideration in future work.
Inferring phenotypes from substance use via collaborative matrix completion.
BMC systems biology, 2018

Although substance use disorders (SUDs) are heritable, few genetic risk factors for them have been identified, in part due to the small sample sizes of study populations. To address this limitation, researchers have aggregated subjects from multiple existing genetic studies, but these subjects can have missing phenotypic information, including diagnostic criteria for certain substances that were not originally a focus of study. Recent advances in addiction neurobiology have shown that comorbid SUDs (e.g., the abuse of multiple substances) have similar genetic determinants, which makes it possible to infer missing SUD diagnostic criteria using criteria from another SUD and patient genotypes through statistical modeling.
Can we be too uncertain about uncertainty responses?
The Behavioral and brain sciences, 2003

Smith et al. propose that the most parsimonious explanation for identical responses of humans and nonhumans under the same conditions is not always the simplest cognitive explanation but could be the one that has the most logical consistency across species. The authors provide convincing evidence and a reasonable argument for declarative consciousness as a shared psychological property in humans, monkeys, and dolphins.
Gaining Back What Is Lost: Recovering the Sense of Smell in Mild to Moderate Patients After COVID-19.
Chemical senses, 2020

The purpose of our cohort study was to quantify olfactory deficits in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients using Sniffin' Sticks and a pre-post design to evaluate olfactory recovery. Thirty adult patients with laboratory-confirmed mild to moderate forms of COVID-19 underwent a quantitative olfactory test performed with the Sniffin' Sticks test (SST; Burghardt, Wedel, Germany), considering olfactory threshold (T), odor discrimination (D), and odor identification (I). Results were presented as a composite TDI score (range 1-48) that used to define functional anosmia (TDI ≤ 16.5), hyposmia (16.5 < TDI < 30.5), or functionally normal ability to smell (TDI ≥ 30.5). Patients also self-evaluated their olfactory function by rating their ability to smell on a visual analogue scale (Visual Analog Scale rating) and answering a validated Italian questionnaire (Hyposmia Rating Scale). Patients were tested during hospitalization and about 2 months after symptoms onset. During the hospitalization, the overall TDI score indicated that our cohort had impairments in their olfactory ability (10% was diagnosed with anosmia and more than 50% were hyposmic). Almost all patients showed a significant improvement at around 1 month following the first test and for all the parts of the SST except for odor identification. None of the subjects at 1 month was still diagnosed with anosmia. We also quantified the improvement in the TDI score based on initial diagnosis. Anosmic subjects showed a greater improvement than hyposmic and normosmic subjects. In conclusion, within a month time window and 2 months after symptoms' onset, in our cohort of patients we observed a substantial improvement in the olfactory abilities.
The neural network underpinning social feedback contingent upon one's action: An fMRI study.
NeuroImage, 2021

Praise enhances motor performance; however, the underlying feedback pathway is unknown. Here, we hypothesized that the social evaluation feedback to the motor system is modified by the top-down effect of the social contingency valuation system, such as the anterior rostral medial prefrontal cortex (arMPFC). We developed a pseudo-interactive task that simplified a conversational student-teacher interaction and conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study with 33 participants (13 men, 20 women; mean age = 21.7 years; standard deviation = 2.0 years). The participant inside the scanner uttered the pseudo-English word to the English teacher outside the scanner. The teacher provided feedback of acceptance or rejection by either gestures or words, through video. As a control condition, the pseudo-word was read aloud by a computer. Approval from the teacher enhanced the participants' pleasure rate. Feedback to the participants' utterance, either rejection or acceptance, activated the arMPFC. Irrespective of the preceding utterance by self or computer, acceptance compared with rejection activated the right primary visual cortex (V1), and the reverse activated the left V1. This valence-dependent laterality of V1 activation indicates that the effect is not the domain-general modulation of visual processing. Instead, the early visual cortices are part of the valence-specific representation of the social signal. Physio-physiological interaction analysis with the seed regions in the right and left V1 and the modulator region in the arMPFC showed enhanced connectivity with the bilateral primary motor cortex. These findings indicate that the socially contingent, self-relevant signals from others act as feedback to the motor control system, and this process is mediated by the early visual cortex.
Health care utilization and HIV clinical outcomes among newly enrolled patients following Affordable Care Act implementation in a California integrated health system: a longitudinal study.
BMC health services research, 2020

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has increased insurance coverage for people with HIV (PWH) in the United States. To inform health policy, it is useful to investigate how enrollment through ACA Exchanges, deductible levels, and demographic factors are associated with health care utilization and HIV clinical outcomes among individuals newly enrolled in insurance coverage following implementation of the ACA.