rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
Delivering PrEP to adults with "low" or "no" HIV risk and youth: experiences and perspectives of PrEP providers.
Culture, health & sexuality, 2020

Health care providers have an important role to play in expanding PrEP uptake to populations disproportionately burdened by HIV. In this study, in-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 PrEP providers in Los Angeles, California to explore their experiences and perspectives prescribing PrEP. Overall, the findings indicate that providers generally adhered to US CDC clinical guidelines in determining PrEP eligibility. However, they also identified special considerations with respect to adults with "low" or "no" HIV risk. Three themes were developed from the data related to the delivery of PrEP to such individuals: 1) patients may not disclose sexual behaviours; 2) patient autonomy and agency; and 3) the importance of PrEP in gay male monogamous relationships. Two additional themes were identified related to prescribing PrEP to young people under the age of consent: 4) the need for more PrEP and sexual health education with youth and 5) challenges in providing PrEP to youth without parental consent. Findings highlight the importance of providing PrEP to patients who could potentially benefit from adoption, whether or not they present with clear behavioural indicators for PrEP. Providers should also consider the potential barriers to delivering PrEP to youth to ensure successful adoption among members of this population.
Chronic pre-treatment with memantine prevents amyloid-beta protein-mediated long-term potentiation disruption.
Neural regeneration research, 2013

Previous studies indicate that memantine, a low-affinity N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, exerted acute protective effects against amyloid-β protein-induced neurotoxicity. In the present study, the chronic effects and mechanisms of memantine were investigated further using electrophysiological methods. The results showed that 7-day intraperitoneal application of memantine, at doses of 5 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg, did not alter hippocampal long-term potentiation induction in rats, while 40 mg/kg memantine presented potent long-term potentiation inhibition. Then further in vitro studys were carried out in 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg memantine treated rats. We found that 20 mg/kg memantine attenuated the potent long-term potentiation inhibition caused by exposure to amyloid-β protein in the dentate gyrus in vitro. These findings are the first to demonstrate the antagonizing effect of long-term systematic treatment of memantine against amyloid-β protein triggered long-term potentiation inhibition to improve synaptic plasticity.
Damage to Broca's area does not contribute to long-term speech production outcome after stroke.
Brain : a journal of neurology, 2021

Broca's area in the posterior half of the left inferior frontal gyrus has long been thought to be critical for speech production. The current view is that long-term speech production outcome in patients with Broca's area damage is best explained by the combination of damage to Broca's area and neighbouring regions including the underlying white matter, which was also damaged in Paul Broca's two historic cases. Here, we dissociate the effect of damage to Broca's area from the effect of damage to surrounding areas by studying long-term speech production outcome in 134 stroke survivors with relatively circumscribed left frontal lobe lesions that spared posterior speech production areas in lateral inferior parietal and superior temporal association cortices. Collectively, these patients had varying degrees of damage to one or more of nine atlas-based grey or white matter regions: Brodmann areas 44 and 45 (together known as Broca's area), ventral premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, insula, putamen, the anterior segment of the arcuate fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus and frontal aslant tract. Spoken picture description scores from the Comprehensive Aphasia Test were used as the outcome measure. Multiple regression analyses allowed us to tease apart the contribution of other variables influencing speech production abilities such as total lesion volume and time post-stroke. We found that, in our sample of patients with left frontal damage, long-term speech production impairments (lasting beyond 3 months post-stroke) were solely predicted by the degree of damage to white matter, directly above the insula, in the vicinity of the anterior part of the arcuate fasciculus, with no contribution from the degree of damage to Broca's area (as confirmed with Bayesian statistics). The effect of white matter damage cannot be explained by a disconnection of Broca's area, because speech production scores were worse after damage to the anterior arcuate fasciculus with relative sparing of Broca's area than after damage to Broca's area with relative sparing of the anterior arcuate fasciculus. Our findings provide evidence for three novel conclusions: (i) Broca's area damage does not contribute to long-term speech production outcome after left frontal lobe strokes; (ii) persistent speech production impairments after damage to the anterior arcuate fasciculus cannot be explained by a disconnection of Broca's area; and (iii) the prior association between persistent speech production impairments and Broca's area damage can be explained by co-occurring white matter damage, above the insula, in the vicinity of the anterior part of the arcuate fasciculus.
Beyond "incentive hope": Information sampling and learning under reward uncertainty.
The Behavioral and brain sciences, 2019

Information seeking, especially when motivated by strategic learning and intrinsic curiosity, could render the new mechanism "incentive hope" proposed by Anselme &amp; Güntürkün sufficient, but not necessary to explain how reward uncertainty promotes reward seeking and consumption. Naturalistic and foraging-like tasks can help parse motivational processes that bridge learning and foraging behaviors and identify their neural underpinnings.
Influence of social cognition as a mediator between cognitive reserve and psychosocial functioning in patients with first episode psychosis.
Psychological medicine, 2020

Social cognition has been associated with functional outcome in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP). Social cognition has also been associated with neurocognition and cognitive reserve. Although cognitive reserve, neurocognitive functioning, social cognition, and functional outcome are related, the direction of their associations is not clear. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to analyze the influence of social cognition as a mediator between cognitive reserve and cognitive domains on functioning in FEP both at baseline and at 2 years.
Induction of human somatostatin and parvalbumin neurons by expressing a single transcription factor LIM homeobox 6.
eLife, 2018

Human GABAergic interneurons (GIN) are implicated in normal brain function and in numerous mental disorders. However, the generation of functional human GIN subtypes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has not been established. By expressing LHX6, a transcriptional factor that is critical for GIN development, we induced hPSCs to form GINs, including somatostatin (SST, 29%) and parvalbumin (PV, 21%) neurons. Our RNAseq results also confirmed the alteration of GIN identity with the overexpression of
Exercise and education for knee osteoarthritis-What are accredited exercise physiologists providing?
Musculoskeletal care, 2020

Clinical guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis (OA) recommend exercise and education. This study aimed to evaluate the extent to which accredited exercise physiologists (AEPs) deliver exercise and education for knee OA and how it aligns with clinical practice guidelines.
The nSMase2/Smpd3 gene modulates the severity of muscular dystrophy and the emotional stress response in mdx mice.
BMC medicine, 2020

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive, degenerative muscular disorder and cognitive dysfunction caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. It is characterized by excess inflammatory responses in the muscle and repeated degeneration and regeneration cycles. Neutral sphingomyelinase 2/sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (nSMase2/Smpd3) hydrolyzes sphingomyelin in lipid rafts. This protein thus modulates inflammatory responses, cell survival or apoptosis pathways, and the secretion of extracellular vesicles in a Ca
An Exposure-Wide and Mendelian Randomization Approach to Identifying Modifiable Factors for the Prevention of Depression.
The American journal of psychiatry, 2020

Efforts to prevent depression, the leading cause of disability worldwide, have focused on a limited number of candidate factors. Using phenotypic and genomic data from over 100,000 UK Biobank participants, the authors sought to systematically screen and validate a wide range of potential modifiable factors for depression.
Eating disorders with over-exercise: A cross-sectional analysis of the mediational role of problematic usage of the internet in young people.
Journal of psychiatric research, 2021

Eating disorders are widespread illnesses with significant global impact. There is growing concern about how young people overuse online resources leading to mental health sequelae. We gathered data from 639 individuals from a population cohort. Participants were all young adults at the point of contact and were grouped as having probable eating disorder with excessive exercise (n = 37) or controls (n = 602). We measured obsessionality, compulsivity, impulsivity, and problematic internet use. Group differences in these domains were evaluated; and structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to assess structural relationships between variables. Cases had higher scores of obsessional thoughts of threat (Cohen's d = 0.94, p < 0.001), intolerance towards uncertainty (Cohen's d = 0.72; p < 0.001), thoughts of importance and control (Cohen's d = 0.65, p < 0.01), compulsivity (Cohen's d = 0.72; p < 0.001), negative urgency (Cohen's d = 0.75, p < 0.001), and higher problematic usage of the internet (Cohen's d = 0.73; p-corrected <0.001). Our SEM showed significant partial mediation of problematic internet use on both the effect of obsessionality latent factor on cases (z-value = 2.52, p < 0.05), as well as of sensation seeking latent factor on cases (z-value = 2.09, p < 0.05). Youth with eating disorder and heightened exercise levels have increased obsessive thoughts of threat, compulsivity traits and sensation seeking impulsivity. The association between obsessive thoughts and eating disorders, as well as sensation seeking and eating disorders were partially mediated by problematic internet use. Problematic internet use may be playing a role in the development or maintenance of eating disorder symptoms in the background of obsessional thoughts and sensation seeking impulsive traits.
Factor mixture analysis of paranoia in young people.
Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2019

Paranoid thoughts are relatively common in the general population and can increase the risk of developing mental health conditions. In this study, we investigate the latent structure of paranoia in a sample of young people.
Context-based interpersonal relationship modulates social comparison between outcomes: an event-related potential study.
Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 2021

Social comparison is a common behavior that largely determines people's experience of decision outcome. Previous research has showed that interpersonal relationship plays a pivotal role in social comparison. In the current study, we investigated whether the manipulation of context-based relationship would affect participants' comparison of self-outcome and other-outcome. Participants first finished a trust game with likeable (dislikeable) partner and then they were involved in a gambling task and observed the outcomes for themselves and for partners. According to self-reports, participants were more satisfied with likeable partner's gains than losses only when they received gains, but they were always more satisfied with dislikeable player's losses compared to gains. Event-related potentials including the feedback-related negativity (FRN), P3 and late positive component (LPC) were sensitive to context-based relationship. Specifically, the prediction error signal (indexed by the FRN) was largest when participants received losses but dislikeable player received gains. Meanwhile, the P3 indicates that participants had stronger motivation to outperform dislikeable player. Finally, the LPC was larger when participants received the same outcomes with dislikeable players. In general, our results support the key point of the self-evaluation maintenance model that personal closeness modulates subjective sensitivity when drawing a comparison of one's outcomes with other's outcomes.
Pubertal Testosterone and Brain Response to Faces in Young Adulthood: An Interplay between Organizational and Activational Effects in Young Men.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2021

According to the organizational-activational hypothesis, the organizational effects of testosterone during (prenatal) brain development moderate the activational effects of adult testosterone on behavior. Accumulating evidence supports the notion that adolescence is another period during which sex hormones organize the nervous system. Here we investigate how pubertal sex hormones moderate the activational effects of adult sex hormones on social cognition in humans. To do so, we recruited a sample of young men (
Quantified ischemic core's radiological hypodensity and risk of parenchymal hematoma in > 4.5 h-window stroke thrombectomy.
Scientific reports, 2020

We aimed to study the relationship between the ischemic core's (IC) radiological hypodensity and the risk of parenchymal haematoma after endovascular therapy (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) presenting > 4.5 h from onset. We studied AIS patients with a proximal anterior circulation occlusion > 4.5 h from symptoms onset treated with primary EVT. The IC regions of interest (ROI) were manually delineated on pretreatment CT within the affected hemisphere and their specular ROIs on the unaffected side. IC hypodensity ratio was calculated by dividing mean Hounsfield Unit (HU) value from all ROIs in affected/unaffected hemisphere. Primary endpoint: parenchymal hematoma (PH) type hemorrhagic transformation. Secondary: poor long-term clinical outcome. From May 2015 to November 2018, 648 consecutive AIS patients received reperfusion therapies and 107 met all inclusion criteria. PH after EVT was diagnosed in 33 (31%) patients. In bivariate analyses, IC hypodensity ratio (p < 0.001) and minimum HU value (p = 0.008) were associated with PH. A lower IC hypodensity ratio [OR < 0.001 (< 0.001-0.116) p 0.016] predicted PH but not poor clinical outcome in multivariable logistic regression models. A lower IC radiological density predicted a higher risk of PH in > 4.5 h-window AIS patients treated with primary EVT, although it was not independently associated with a worse clinical outcome.
White matter microstructural differences underlying beta oscillations during speech in adults who stutter.
Brain and language, 2021

The basal ganglia-thalamocortical (BGTC) loop may underlie speech deficits in developmental stuttering. In this study, we investigated the relationship between abnormal cortical neural oscillations and structural integrity alterations in adults who stutter (AWS) using a novel magnetoencephalography (MEG) guided tractography approach. Beta oscillations were analyzed using sensorimotor speech MEG, and white matter pathways were examined using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and probabilistic tractography in 11 AWS and 11 fluent speakers. TBSS analysis revealed overlap between cortical regions of increased beta suppression localized to the mouth motor area and a reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in the AWS group. MEG-guided tractography showed reduced FA within the BGTC loop from left putamen to subject-specific MEG peak. This is the first study to provide evidence that structural abnormalities may be associated with functional deficits in stuttering and reflect a network deficit within the BGTC loop that includes areas of the left ventral premotor cortex and putamen.
Examination of preliminary behavioral and effective connectivity findings from treatment response to citalopram in cocaine use disorder: A dynamic causal modeling study.
Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging, 2020

We sought effective (directional) connectivity parameters associated with response to citalopram in cocaine use disorder (CUD) by conducting a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment with participants diagnosed with CUD (n = 13) and matched healthy controls (HC; n = 17). CUD participants showed a positive correlation between bilateral DLPFC-to-putamen effective connectivity and treatment effectiveness score. These preliminary results support further investigation of prefrontal-striatal interactions in response to treatment in CUD.
Environmental enrichment-inspired pharmacological tools for the treatment of addiction.
Current opinion in pharmacology, 2021

Environmental enrichment (EE) has been shown to produce powerful beneficial effects in animal models of addiction. In particular, the ability of EE to promote abstinence and prevent relapse may allow for the identification of brain mechanisms responsible for the recovery from addiction. Indeed, the effects of EE on specific brain mechanisms could be mimicked by old or new molecules, which may become novel medications, called enviromimetics. Here, we review the best known enviromimetics for the treatment of addiction and suggest that, whereas these compounds may be relatively ineffective by themselves, they may be useful complements for existing therapeutic approaches to manage addiction which includes behavioural, environmental and pharmacological interventions.
Explicit Sequence Memory in Recall of Temporally-structured Episodes.
Scientific reports, 2020

The order in which events unfold over time is an important scaffold aiding recollection. This study asks whether explicit order memory is enhanced for items sharing similar internally-driven temporal contexts. To tap internally-driven temporal context, we capitalized on the Temporal Contiguity Effect whereby recollection of one item promotes recall of adjacently-encoded items. We compared pairs encoded and retrieved contiguously (cont-enc-ret), whose items share internally-driven temporal contexts, to pairs retrieved, but not encoded, contiguously (cont-ret) and to pairs encoded, but not retrieved, contiguously (cont-enc). Cont-enc-ret pairs exhibited superior relative order over cont-ret pairs, supporting accounts emphasizing shared temporal context as opposed to temporal distinctiveness in driving sequence memory. No difference was found in absolute order between the pair types, in line with theories suggesting a dissociation between relative and absolute order. Additionally, cont-enc-ret and cont-enc pairs exhibited equivalent relative order, supporting the role of encoding as opposed to retrieval in the enhancement of relative order. Finally, cont-enc-ret pairs were perceived as closer than cont-enc pairs, supporting the claim that cont-enc-ret pairs constitute part of a temporally-coherent episode. Together, these results implicate internally-driven temporal context in the formation of temporally-structured episodes that enhances sequence memory of the items within the episode.
Cooperativity of membrane-protein and protein-protein interactions control membrane remodeling by epsin 1 and affects clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS, 2021

Membrane remodeling is a critical process for many membrane trafficking events, including clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Several molecular mechanisms for protein-induced membrane curvature have been described in some detail. Contrary, the effect that the physico-chemical properties of the membrane have on these processes is far less well understood. Here, we show that the membrane binding and curvature-inducing ENTH domain of epsin1 is regulated by phosphatidylserine (PS). ENTH binds to membranes in a PI(4,5)P
Driving stroke quality improvement at scale in EDs across a nationwide network of hospitals: strategies and interventions.
Emergency medicine journal : EMJ, 2019

Reducing the treatment time while increasing the proportion of eligible stroke patients who receive intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has been a priority for many quality improvement efforts. Recent studies have primarily focused on identifying interventions that reduce door-to-needle (DTN) time, while comparatively little has been done to determine whether these interventions also improve tPA rates.
Mutation of fibulin-1 causes a novel syndrome involving the central nervous system and connective tissues.
European journal of human genetics : EJHG, 2014

Fibulin-1 is an extracellular matrix protein that has an important role in the structure of elastic fibers and basement membranes of various tissues. Using homozygosity mapping and exome sequencing, we discovered a missense mutation, p.(Cys397Phe), in fibulin-1 in three patients from a consanguineous family presented with a novel syndrome of syndactyly, undescended testes, delayed motor milestones, mental retardation and signs of brain atrophy. The mutation discovered segregated with the phenotype and was not found in 374 population-matched alleles. The affected cysteine is highly conserved across vertebrates and its mutation is predicted to abolish a disulfide bond that defines the tertiary structure of fibulin-1. Our findings emphasize the crucial role fibulin-1 has in development of the central nervous system and various connective tissues.
Effects of acute seizures on cell proliferation, synaptic plasticity and long-term behavior in adult zebrafish.
Brain research, 2021

Acute seizures may cause permanent brain damage depending on the severity. The pilocarpine animal model has been broadly used to study the acute effects of seizures on neurogenesis and plasticity processes and the resulting epileptogenesis. Likewise, zebrafish is a good model to study neurogenesis and plasticity processes even in adulthood. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of pilocarpine-induced acute seizures-like behavior on neuroplasticity and long-term behavior in adult zebrafish. To address this issue, adult zebrafish were injected with Pilocarpine (350 mg/Kg, i.p; PILO group) or Saline (control group). Experiments were performed at 1, 2, 3, 10 or 30 days after injection. We evaluated behavior using the Light/Dark preference, Open Tank and aggressiveness tests. Flow cytometry and BrdU were carried out to detect changes in cell death and proliferation, while Western blotting was used to verify different proliferative, synaptic and neural markers in the adult zebrafish telencephalon. We identified an increased aggressive behavior and increase in cell death in the PILO group, with increased levels of cleaved caspase 3 and PARP1 1 day after seizure-like behavior induction. In addition, there were decreased levels of PSD95 and SNAP25 and increased BrdU positive cells 3 days after seizure-like behavior induction. Although most synaptic and cell death markers levels seemed normal by 30 days after seizures-like behavior, persistent aggressive and anxiolytic-like behaviors were still detected as long-term effects. These findings might indicate that acute severe seizures induce short-term biochemical alterations that ultimately reflects in a long-term altered phenotype.