rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
Disruption of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells is an early sign of pathology in the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
Neurobiology of aging, 2020

There is increasing evidence that myelin disruption is related to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the CNS, myelin is produced by oligodendrocytes, which are generated throughout life by adult oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), also known as NG2-glia. To address whether alterations in myelination are related to age-dependent changes in OPCs, we analyzed NG2 and myelin basic protein (MBP) immunolabelling in the hippocampus of 3×Tg-AD mice at 6 and 24 months of age, compared with non-Tg age-matched controls. There was an age-related decrease in MBP immunostaining and OPC density, together with a decline in the number of OPC sister cells, a measure of OPC replication. Notably, the loss of myelin and OPC sister cells occurred earlier at 6 months in 3xTg-AD, suggesting accelerated aging, although there was not a concomitant decline in OPC numbers at this age, suggesting the observed changes in myelin were not a consequence of replicative exhaustion, but possibly of OPC disruption or senescence. In line with this, a key finding is that compared to age-match controls, OPC displayed marked morphological atrophy at 6 months in 3xTg-AD followed by morphological hypertrophy at 24 months, as deduced from significant changes in total cell surface area, total cell volume, somata volume and branching of main processes. Moreover, we show that hypertrophic OPCs surround and infiltrate amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, a key pathological hallmark of AD. The results indicate that OPCs undergo complex age-related remodeling in the hippocampus of the 3xTg-AD mouse model. We conclude that OPC disruption is an early pathological sign in AD and is a potential factor in accelerated myelin loss and cognitive decline.
Near Point of Convergence Deficits and Treatment Following Concussion: A Systematic Review.
Journal of sport rehabilitation, 2020

Convergence dysfunction following concussion is common. Near point of convergence (NPC) is a quick and easy assessment that may detect oculomotor dysfunction such as convergence insufficiency (CI), but NPC measurements are rarely reported. Convergence dysfunction is treatable in otherwise healthy patients; the effectiveness of oculomotor therapy following concussion is unclear.
Me first: Neural representations of fairness during three-party interactions.
Neuropsychologia, 2020

One hallmark of human morality is a deep sense of fairness. People are motivated by both self-interest and a concern for the welfare of others. However, it remains unclear whether these motivations rely on similar neural computations, and the extent to which such computations influence social decision-making when self-fairness and other-fairness motivations compete. In this study, two groups of participants engaged in the role of responder in a three-party Ultimatum Game while being scanned with functional MRI (N = 32) or while undergoing high-density electroencephalography (N = 40). In both studies, participants accepted more OtherFair offers when they themselves received fair offers. Though SelfFairness was reliably decoded from scalp voltages by 170 ms, and from hemodynamic responses in right insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, there was no overlap between neural representations of fairness for self and for other. Distinct neural computations and mechanisms seem to be involved when making decisions about fairness in three-party contexts, which are anchored in an egocentric, self-serving bias.
Sympathetic Input to Multiple Cell Types in Mouse and Human Colon Produces Region-Specific Responses.
Gastroenterology, 2021

The colon is innervated by intrinsic and extrinsic neurons that coordinate functions necessary for digestive health. Sympathetic input suppresses colon motility by acting on intrinsic myenteric neurons, but the extent of sympathetic-induced changes on large-scale network activity in myenteric circuits has not been determined. Compounding the complexity of sympathetic function, there is evidence that sympathetic transmitters can regulate activity in non-neuronal cells (such as enteric glia and innate immune cells).
Swimming Exercise Training Attenuates the Lung Inflammatory Response and Injury Induced by Exposing to Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke.
Addiction & health, 2020

The use of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is on the rise throughout the world, especially among young people and even athletes. There is a belief among consumers that exercise prevents the harmful effects of hookah smoke on the body. We examined this belief by evaluation of lung injury following to concurrent WTS and swimming endurance training in male Wistar rats.
The Positional Logic of Sensory-Motor Reflex Circuit Assembly.
Neuroscience, 2020

Throughout his scientific career, Tom Jessell pioneered the spinal cord as a model system to study the molecular programs of neural specification, axon guidance, and connection specificity. His contributions to these fields and more broadly to that of developmental neuroscience will continue to inspire and define many generations of researchers. It is challenging to capture all of Tom's findings in one essay, and therefore, here we wish to briefly highlight his contributions to the problem of connection specificity, with a focus on the spinal sensory-motor reflex circuit. In particular, emphasis will be placed on discoveries from his laboratory that revealed a significant role of positional strategies in establishing selective sensory-motor connections. This work introduced novel principles of neuronal connectivity that may apply to how precise circuit wiring occurs throughout the nervous system.
Pediatric Thrombectomy: Design and Workflow Lessons From Two Experienced Centers.
Stroke, 2021

Endovascular thrombectomy has played a major role in advancing adult stroke care and may serve a similar role in pediatric stroke care. However, there is a need to develop better evidence and infrastructure for pediatric stroke care. In this work, we review 2 experienced pediatric endovascular thrombectomy programs and examine key design features in both care environments, including a formalized protocol and workflow, integration with an adult endovascular thrombectomy workflow, simplification and automation of workflow steps, pediatric adaptations of stroke imaging, advocacy of pediatric stroke care, and collaboration between providers, among others. These essential features transcend any single hospital environment and may provide an important foundation for other pediatric centers that aim to enhance the care of children with stroke.
A new computational approach to estimate whole-brain effective connectivity from functional and structural MRI, applied to language development.
Scientific reports, 2019

Recently introduced effective connectivity methods allow for the in-vivo investigation of large-scale functional interactions between brain regions. However, dynamic causal modeling, the most widely used technique to date, typically captures only a few predefined regions of interest. In this study, we present an alternative computational approach to infer effective connectivity within the entire connectome and show its performance on a developmental cohort with emerging language capacities. The novel approach provides new opportunities to quantify effective connectivity changes in the human brain.
The voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 contributes to neuronal injury and motor deficits in a mouse model of spinal cord injury.
Molecular brain, 2020

Traumatic injury to the spinal cord initiates a series of pathological cellular processes that exacerbate tissue damage at and beyond the original site of injury. This secondary damage includes oxidative stress and inflammatory cascades that can lead to further neuronal loss and motor deficits. Microglial activation is an essential component of these secondary signaling cascades. The voltage-gated proton channel, Hv1, functionally expressed in microglia has been implicated in microglia polarization and oxidative stress in ischemic stroke. Here, we investigate whether Hv1 mediates microglial/macrophage activation and aggravates secondary damage following spinal cord injury (SCI). Following contusion SCI, wild-type (WT) mice showed significant tissue damage, white matter damage and impaired motor recovery. However, mice lacking Hv1 (Hv1
Diffusely appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis: Insights from sodium (
Multiple sclerosis and related disorders, 2021

In multiple sclerosis (MS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) frequently shows ill-defined areas with intermediate signal intensity between the normal appearing white matter (NAWM) and focal T2-hyperintense lesions, termed "diffusely appearing white matter" (DAWM). Even though several advanced MRI techniques have shown the potential to detect and quantify subtle commonly not visible microscopic tissue changes, to date only a few advanced MRI studies investigated DAWM changes in a quantitative manner. The aim of this study was to detect and quantify tissue abnormalities in the DAWM in comparison to focal lesions and the NAWM in MS patients by sodium (
Adolescent alcohol exposure increases orexin-A/hypocretin-1 in the anterior hypothalamus.
Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 2020

Adolescence is a time of marked changes in sleep, neuromaturation, and alcohol use. While there is substantial evidence that alcohol disrupts sleep and that disrupted sleep may play a role in the development of alcohol use disorders (AUD), there is very little known about the brain mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. The orexin (also known as hypocretin) system is fundamental for a number of homeostatic mechanisms, including the initiation and maintenance of wakefulness that may be impacted by adolescent alcohol exposure. The current study investigated the impact of adolescent ethanol exposure on adult orexin-A/hypocretin-1 immunoreactive (orexin-A + IR) cells in hypothalamic nuclei in two models of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure. Both models assess adult hypothalamic orexin following either an AIE vapor exposure paradigm, or an AIE intragastric gavage paradigm during adolescence. Both AIE exposure models found that binge levels of ethanol intoxication during adolescence significantly increased adult orexin-A + IR expression in the anterior hypothalamic nucleus (AHN). Further, both AIE models found no change in orexin-A + IR in the posterior hypothalamic area (PH), perifornical nucleus (PeF), dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus dorsal part (DMD) or lateral hypothalamic area (LH). However, AIE vapor exposure reduced orexin-A + IR in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), but AIE gavage exposure did not. These findings suggest that the AHN orexinergic system is increased in adults following binge-like patterns of intoxication during adolescence. Altered adult AHN orexin could contribute to long-lasting changes in sleep.
Three sodium channel mutations from Aedes albopictus confer resistance to Type I, but not Type II pyrethroids.
Insect biochemistry and molecular biology, 2020

Voltage-gated sodium channels are the major targets of several classes of insecticides, including pyrethroids. However, sensitivities of many insect pest species to pyrethroids have gradually decreased due to overuse in pest management programs. One major mechanism of pyrethroid resistance known as knockdown resistance (kdr) involves mutations in the sodium channel gene. Three new mutations in helix IIIS6 of sodium channel (I1532T and F1534S/L) are recently detected in several pyrethroid-resistant populations of Aedes albopictus. The roles of these mutations in pyrethroid resistance have not been functionally examined. We introduced mutations I1532T and F1534S/L alone or in combination into the pyrethroid-sensitive sodium channel AaNa
Importance of neuroanatomical data from domestic animals to the development and testing of the KNDy hypothesis for GnRH pulse generation.
Domestic animal endocrinology, 2020

Work during the last decade has led to a novel hypothesis for a question that is half a century old: how is the secretory activity of GnRH neurons synchronized to produce episodic GnRH secretion. This hypothesis posits that a group of neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) that contain kisspeptin, neurokinin B (NKB), and dynorphin (known as KNDy neurons) fire simultaneously to drive each GnRH pulse. Kisspeptin is proposed to be the output signal to GnRH neurons with NKB and dynorphin acting within the KNDy network to initiate and terminate each pulse, respectively. This review will focus on the importance of neuroanatomical studies in general and, more specifically, on the work of Dr Marcel Amstalden during his postdoctoral fellowship with the authors, to the development and testing of this hypothesis. Critical studies in sheep that laid the foundation for much of the KNDy hypothesis included the report that a group of neurons in the ARC contain both NKB and dynorphin and appear to form an interconnected network capable of firing synchronously, and Marcel's observations that the NKB receptor is found in most KNDy neurons, but not in any GnRH neurons. Moreover, reports that almost all dynorphin-NKB neurons and kisspeptin neurons in the ARC contained steroid receptors led directly to their common identification as "KNDy" neurons. Subsequent anatomical work demonstrating that KNDy neurons project to GnRH somas and terminals, and that kisspeptin receptors are found in GnRH, but not KNDy neurons, provided important tests of this hypothesis. Recent work has explored the time course of dynorphin release onto KNDy neurons and has begun to apply new approaches to the issue, such as RNAscope in situ hybridization and the use of whole tissue optical clearing with light-sheet microscopy. Together with other approaches, these anatomical techniques will allow continued exploration of the functions of the KNDy population and the possible role of other ARC neurons in generation of GnRH pulses.
Impact of TREM2R47H variant on tau pathology-induced gliosis and neurodegeneration.
The Journal of clinical investigation, 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by plaques containing amyloid-β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles composed of aggregated, hyperphosphorylated tau. Beyond tau and Aβ, evidence suggests that microglia play an important role in AD pathogenesis. Rare variants in the microglia-expressed triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) gene increase AD risk 2- to 4-fold. It is likely that these TREM2 variants increase AD risk by decreasing the response of microglia to Aβ and its local toxicity. However, neocortical Aβ pathology occurs many years before neocortical tau pathology in AD. Thus, it will be important to understand the role of TREM2 in the context of tauopathy. We investigated the impact of the AD-associated TREM2 variant (R47H) on tau-mediated neuropathology in the PS19 mouse model of tauopathy. We assessed PS19 mice expressing human TREM2CV (common variant) or human TREM2R47H. PS19-TREM2R47H mice had significantly attenuated brain atrophy and synapse loss versus PS19-TREM2CV mice. Gene expression analyses and CD68 immunostaining revealed attenuated microglial reactivity in PS19-TREM2R47H versus PS19-TREM2CV mice. There was also a decrease in phagocytosis of postsynaptic elements by microglia expressing TREM2R47H in the PS19 mice and in human AD brains. These findings suggest that impaired TREM2 signaling reduces microglia-mediated neurodegeneration in the setting of tauopathy.
Long-term effects of cerebellar anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the acquisition and extinction of conditioned eyeblink responses.
Scientific reports, 2020

Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been reported to enhance the acquisition of conditioned eyeblink responses (CR), a form of associative motor learning. The aim of the present study was to determine possible long-term effects of cerebellar tDCS on the acquisition and extinction of CRs. Delay eyeblink conditioning was performed in 40 young and healthy human participants. On day 1, 100 paired CS (conditioned stimulus)-US (unconditioned stimulus) trials were applied. During the first 50 paired CS-US trials, 20 participants received anodal cerebellar tDCS, and 20 participants received sham stimulation. On days 2, 8 and 29, 50 paired CS-US trials were applied, followed by 30 CS-only extinction trials on day 29. CR acquisition was not significantly different between anodal and sham groups. During extinction, CR incidences were significantly reduced in the anodal group compared to sham, indicating reduced retention. In the anodal group, learning related increase of CR magnitude tended to be reduced, and timing of CRs tended to be delayed. The present data do not confirm previous findings of enhanced acquisition of CRs induced by anodal cerebellar tDCS. Rather, the present findings suggest a detrimental effect of anodal cerebellar tDCS on CR retention and possibly CR performance.
Estimating minimal clinically important differences for two scales in patients with chronic traumatic brain injury.
Current medical research and opinion, 2020

This study aimed to establish the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the Fugl-Meyer Motor Scale (FMMS) and the Disability Rating Scale (DRS) to evaluate interventions in patients with motor deficits in the chronic phase after traumatic brain injury (TBI).
The enduring legacy of pioneering neuroscientist Dr. Jerzy Edwin Rose.
Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, 2016

The human nervous system maintains dominion over everything experienced in life, consolidating a constant barrage of stimuli and chemical fluctuation into memory, sense, emotion, and even character. Despite decades of productive investigation, comprehension of the nervous system's function and structure remain shrouded in mystery. Historically, the burden of elucidating these mysteries has fallen to neuroscientists bold enough to seek answers to this most nebulous vista. The legacy of one such neuroscientist, Jerzy Edwin Rose, endures today as a pillar of neuroscientific discovery. In the nascence of his career, Rose explored volumetric comparisons of human brain structure to that of other mammals, leading to the development of novel methods in neurophysiologic measurement and explanation. Rose would later segue mid-career into studies on the cooperation between the auditory cortex and thalamus, resulting in increased understanding of its functioning, structure, and anatomy. During the final saga of his long, fruitful career, Rose explored the electrophysiology of the auditory system, leading to novel methods using modern technology. Ultimately, the vast breadth of Rose's contributions to neuroscience has diminished the field's mystery, setting forth momentous groundwork for future discovery, and the inspiration to carry on in the spirit of his bold curiosity.
Changes in access to educational and healthcare services for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities during COVID-19 restrictions.
Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR, 2020

COVID-19 restrictions have significantly limited access to in-person educational and healthcare services for all, including individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs). The objectives of this online survey that included both national and international families were to capture changes in access to healthcare and educational services for individuals with IDDs that occurred shortly after restrictions were initiated and to survey families on resources that could improve services for these individuals.
Nitric oxide in cerebrospinal fluid of central nervous system tuberculosis: correlations with culture, antibody response, and cell count.
Turkish journal of medical sciences, 2017

The role of nitric oxide (NO) has been established in infection over the years. NO functions by inhibiting the growth of intracellular pathogens. The present study was undertaken to ascertain the role of NO in central nervous system (CNS) infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Metals, autoimmunity, and neuroendocrinology: Is there a connection?
Environmental research, 2020

It has been demonstrated that metals can induce autoimmunity. However, few studies have attempted to assess and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action. Recent research has tried to evaluate the possible interactions of the immune system with metal ions, particularly with heavy metals. Research indicates that metals have the potential to induce or promote the development of autoimmunity in humans. Metal-induced inflammation may dysregulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and thus contribute to fatigue and other non-specific symptoms characterizing disorders related to autoimmune diseases. The toxic effects of several metals are also mediated through free radical formation, cell membrane disturbance, or enzyme inhibition. There are worldwide increases in environmental metal pollution. It is therefore critical that studies on the role of metals in autoimmunity, and neuroendocrine disorders, including effects on the developing immune system and brain and the genetic susceptibility are performed. These studies can lead to efficient preventive strategies and improved therapeutic approaches. In this review, we have retrieved and commented on studies that evaluated the effects of metal toxicity on immune and endocrine-related pathways. This review aims to increase awareness of metals as factors in the onset and progression of autoimmune and neuroendocrine disorders.
SnapShot: Orofacial Sensation.
Cell, 2020

Ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular branches of the trigeminal nerve provide sensory innervation to orofacial tissues. Trigeminal sensory neurons respond to a diverse array of sensory stimuli to generate distinct sensations, including thermosensation, mechanosensation, itching, and pain. These sensory neurons also detect the distinct sharpness or pungency of many foods and beverages. This SnapShot highlights the transduction ion channels critical to orofacial sensation.
HeartMate II thrombosis treated without explantation in the waiting period for heart transplantation: a case report.
European heart journal. Case reports, 2021

The HeartMate II (HMII) is a high speed, axial flow, rotary blood pump that restores systemic flow by draining blood from the left ventricular (LV) apex and ejecting into the aortic root. This LV assist device was previously used in patients with medically refractory advanced-stage heart failure, for both destination therapy and bridge to transplantation until the introduction of HeartMate III.