rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing mild traumatic brain injury using saliva RNA compared to cognitive and balance testing.
Clinical and translational medicine, 2020

Early, accurate diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can improve clinical outcomes for patients, but mTBI remains difficult to diagnose because of reliance on subjective symptom reports. An objective biomarker could increase diagnostic accuracy and improve clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of salivary noncoding RNA (ncRNA) to serve as a diagnostic adjunct to current clinical tools. We hypothesized that saliva ncRNA levels would demonstrate comparable accuracy for identifying mTBI as measures of symptom burden, neurocognition, and balance.
Increased Ipsilateral Posterior Cerebral Artery P2-Segment Flow Velocity Predicts Hemodynamic Impairment.
Stroke, 2021

Increased Transcranial Doppler flow velocity in the ipsilateral P2-segment of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA-P2: cm/second) is associated with recurrent cerebrovascular events in patients with unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion. However, its predictive value and correlation with hemodynamic impairment in an overall stroke patient cohort remains to be determined.
Optical analysis of developmental changes in synaptic potentiation in the neonatal rat corticostriatal projection.
Neuroscience, 2012

We applied voltage-sensitive dye imaging to neonatal rat cortical slice preparations and analyzed developmental changes in synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation (LTP), in the corticostriatal projection. Coronal slice preparations were dissected from postnatal 1- to 21-day (P1-P21) rats, and the transmembrane voltage-related optical signals evoked by cortical stimulation were recorded using a 464ch optical recording system with the voltage-sensitive absorption dye. In the striatum, the optical signal was composed of a fast spike-like signal followed by a slow signal, which corresponded to an action potential and an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), respectively. The slow signal could be detected at the P1 stage, suggesting that the EPSP is already expressed in the corticostriatal projection at least at early stages after birth. On the other hand, the slow signal was potentiated with a single shot of tetanic stimulation and the potentiation lasted at least 1 h, which is considered to correspond to long-term potentiation. With ontogenetic examinations, we found that (1) the EPSP could be potentiated with tetanic stimulation from the P9 stage and that (2) after the LTP induction, the potentiation was maintained for a longer time in the postnatal 3W stage than in the 2W stage. These results suggest that characteristics of LTP change dynamically during postnatal development.
Surveillance for Severe Acute Respiratory Infections among Hospitalized Subjects from 2015/2016 to 2019/2020 Seasons in Tuscany, Italy.
International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021

In Italy, the influenza season lasts from October until April of the following year. Influenza A and B viruses are the two viral types that cocirculate during seasonal epidemics and are the main causes of respiratory infections. We analyzed influenza A and B viruses in samples from hospitalized patients at Le Scotte University Hospital in Siena (Central Italy). From 2015 to 2020, 182 patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Infections were enrolled. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from patients and tested by means of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to identify influenza A(H3N2), A(H1N1)pdm09 and B. Epidemiological and virological surveillance remain an essential tool for monitoring circulating viruses and possible mismatches with seasonal vaccine strains, and provide information that can be used to improve the composition of influenza vaccines.
Bonding personal social capital as an ingredient for positive aging and mental well-being. A study among a sample of Dutch elderly.
Aging & mental health, 2020

The current study aims to add to the limited empirical research of possible benefits of personal social capital for the well-being of elderly. A validated personal social capital scale, measuring both
Early adolescent adversity alters periaqueductal gray/dorsal raphe threat responding in adult female rats.
Scientific reports, 2020

Early adolescent adversity increases adult risk for anxiety disorders. The ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and neighboring dorsal raphe (DR) are integral to threat prediction, and are responsive to acute stressors. Here, we tested the hypothesis that early adolescent adversity reshapes vlPAG/DR threat-related cue activity and threat probability signaling. Female, Long Evans rats experienced a battery of adverse adolescent experiences (n = 12), while controls did not (n = 8). Single-unit activity was recorded 50 + days following the final adverse experience, when the adult rats received fear discrimination consisting of danger, uncertainty and safety cues. Despite achieving fear discrimination that was equivalent to controls, vlPAG/DR threat responding was altered in adverse-experienced rats. Early adolescent adversity resulted in a greater proportion of cue-responsive neurons. Cue-excited neurons showed greater increases in firing and cue-inhibited neurons showed greater decreases. Even more, early adversity reduced flexible, threat probability signaling by cue-excited neurons and promoted more rigid, fear output signaling by cue-inhibited neurons. The results reveal long-lasting changes in vlPAG/DR threat responding resulting from early adolescent adversity.
Acute stress induces chronic neuroinflammatory, microglial and behavioral priming: A role for potentiated NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2020

Prior exposure to acute and chronic stressors potentiates the neuroinflammatory and microglial pro-inflammatory response to subsequent immune challenges suggesting that stressors sensitize or prime microglia. Stress-induced priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in this priming phenomenon, however the duration/persistence of these effects has not been investigated. In the present study, we examined whether exposure to a single acute stressor (inescapable tailshock) induced a protracted priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome as well as the neuroinflammatory, behavioral and microglial proinflammatory response to a subsequent immune challenge in hippocampus. In male Sprague-Dawley rats, acute stress potentiated the neuroinflammatory response (IL-1β, IL-6, and NFκBIα) to an immune challenge (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) administered 8 days after stressor exposure. Acute stress also potentiated the proinflammatory cytokine response (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF and NFκBIα) to LPS ex vivo. This stress-induced priming of microglia also was observed 28 days post-stress. Furthermore, challenge with LPS reduced juvenile social exploration, but not sucrose preference, in animals exposed to stress 8 days prior to immune challenge. Exposure to acute stress also increased basal mRNA levels of NLRP3 and potentiated LPS-induction of caspase-1 mRNA and protein activity 8 days after stress. The present findings suggest that acute stress produces a protracted vulnerability to the neuroinflammatory effects of subsequent immune challenges, thereby increasing risk for stress-related psychiatric disorders with an etiological inflammatory component. Further, these findings suggest the unique possibility that acute stress might induce innate immune memory in microglia.
Temporomandibular disorders: a review of current concepts in aetiology, diagnosis and management.
Oral surgery, 2020

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a collective term for a group of musculoskeletal conditions involving pain and/or dysfunction in the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints (TMJ) and associated structures. It is the most common type of non-odontogenic orofacial pain and patients can present with pain affecting the face/head, TMJ and or teeth, limitations in jaw movement, and sounds in the TMJ during jaw movements. Comorbid painful and non-painful conditions are also common among individuals with TMD. The diagnosis of TMD have significantly improved over time with the recent Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) being reliable and valid for most common diagnoses, and an efficient way to communicate in multidisciplinary settings. This classification covers 12 most common TMD, including painful (myalgia, arthralgia and headache attributed to TMD) as well as the non-painful (disc displacements, degenerative joint disease and subluxation) TMD diagnoses. Recent studies have demonstrated that the pathophysiology of common painful TMD is biopsychosocial and multifactorial, where no one factor is responsible for its development. Importantly, research has suggested different predisposing, initiating and perpetuating factors, including both peripheral and central mechanisms. This is an active field of investigation and future studies will not only seek to clarify specific causal pathways but translate this knowledge into mechanism-directed diagnosis and treatment. In accordance with this complex aetiology, current evidence supports primarily conservative multidisciplinary treatment including self-management strategies, behavioural therapy, physical therapy and pharmacotherapy. The aim of this review is to present an overview of most recent developments in aetiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of TMD.
Sinularin, an Anti-Cancer Agent Causing Mitochondria-Modulated Apoptosis and Cytoskeleton Disruption in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
International journal of molecular sciences, 2021

Liver cancer remains a leading cause of death, despite advances in anti-cancer therapies. To develop novel drugs, natural products are being considered as a good source for exploration. In this study, a natural product isolated from a soft coral was applied to evaluate its anti-cancer activities in hepatocellular carcinoma SK-HEP-1 cells. Sinularin was determined to have half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC
Of Viruses, Vaccines, and Variability: Qualitative Meaning Matters.
Trends in cognitive sciences, 2020

Deaths from COVID-19 depend on millions of people understanding risk and translating this understanding into risk-reduction behaviors. Although numerical information about risk is helpful, numbers are surprisingly ambiguous, and there are predictable mismatches in risk perception between laypeople and experts. Hence, risk communication should convey the qualitative, contextualized meaning of risk.
Regulatory T cells counteract neuropathic pain through inhibition of the Th1 response at the site of peripheral nerve injury.
Pain, 2020

The inflammatory/immune response at the site of peripheral nerve injury participates in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Nevertheless, little is known about the local regulatory mechanisms underlying peripheral nerve injury that counteracts the development of pain. Here, we investigated the contribution of regulatory T (Treg) cells to the development of neuropathic pain by using a partial sciatic nerve ligation model in mice. We showed that Treg cells infiltrate and proliferate in the site of peripheral nerve injury. Local Treg cells suppressed the development of neuropathic pain mainly through the inhibition of the CD4 Th1 response. Treg cells also indirectly reduced neuronal damage and neuroinflammation at the level of the sensory ganglia. Finally, we identified IL-10 signaling as an intrinsic mechanism by which Treg cells counteract neuropathic pain development. These results revealed Treg cells as important inhibitory modulators of the immune response at the site of peripheral nerve injury that restrains the development of neuropathic pain. In conclusion, the boosting of Treg cell function/activity might be explored as a possible interventional approach to reduce neuropathic pain development after peripheral nerve damage.
Improved mobility performance with an artificial vision therapy system using a thermal sensor.
Journal of neural engineering, 2020

To evaluate the benefit of integrating thermal imaging into an artificial vision therapy system, the Argus II retinal prosthesis, in simplifying a complex scene and improving mobility performance in the presence of other persons.
Early initiation of direct anticoagulation after stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.
European journal of neurology, 2020

The safety of early initiation of anticoagulant therapy in patients with ischaemic stroke related to atrial fibrillation (AF) is unknown. We investigated the safety of early initiation of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or no anticoagulation.
Position Review: Functional Selectivity in Mammalian Olfactory Receptors.
Chemical senses, 2020

There is increasing appreciation that G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can initiate diverse cellular responses by activating multiple G proteins, arrestins, and other biochemical effectors. Structurally different ligands targeting the same receptor are thought to stabilize the receptor in multiple distinct active conformations such that specific subsets of signaling effectors are engaged at the exclusion of others, creating a bias toward a particular outcome, which has been referred to as ligand-induced selective signaling, biased agonism, ligand-directed signaling, and functional selectivity, among others. The potential involvement of functional selectivity in mammalian olfactory signal transduction has received little attention, notwithstanding the fact that mammalian olfactory receptors comprise the largest family of mammalian GPCRs. This position review considers the possibility that, although such complexity in G-protein function may have been lost in the specialization of olfactory receptors to serve as sensory receptors, the ability of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) to function as signal integrators and growing appreciation that this functionality is widespread in the receptor population suggest otherwise. We pose that functional selectivity driving 2 opponent inputs have the potential to generate an output that reflects the balance of ligand-dependent signaling, the direction of which could be either suppressive or synergistic and, as such, needs to be considered as a mechanistic basis for signal integration in mammalian ORNs.
Electroconvulsive therapy decreases striatal dopamine transporter binding in patients with depression: A positron emission tomography study with [
Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging, 2020

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for major depression. Previous studies suggested that dopaminergic neurotransmission plays a crucial role in the mechanism of the action of ECT. Since dopamine transporters (DAT) regulate extracellular dopamine concentration, DAT represents an interesting target for the study of the mechanism of action of ECT. Eight inpatients (7 patients with major depressive disorder and 1 patient with bipolar disorder with a DSM-IV diagnosis) received a series of 7-15(11.3±5.2) bilateral ECT sessions.The severity of symptoms was assessed using the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S). All patients were examined with [
Total body retrograde perfusion during hypothermic circulatory arrest is unsafe.
Perfusion, 2020

Retrograde cerebral perfusion and retrograde inferior vena cava perfusion at a pressure of 25 mmHg can protect brain and visceral organs during hypothermic circulatory arrest. Total body retrograde perfusion has been proposed as an alternative during aortic arch surgery. We describe two patients who received total body retrograde perfusion during hemi-arch replacement. The procedure had to be terminated at 8 and 15 minutes due to severe fluid retention and decline in cerebral oxygen saturation. Delirium occurred in one patient after surgery. We concluded that total body retrograde perfusion may be associated with high risk of hypoperfusion and should not be recommended.
Strategies to resolve recall failures for proper names: New data.
Memory & cognition, 2020

Personal names are particularly susceptible to retrieval failures. Studies describing people's spontaneous strategies for resolving such failures have indicated that people frequently search for semantic or contextual information about the target person. However, previous experimental studies have shown that, while providing phonological information may help resolve a name-recall failure, by contrast, providing semantic information is usually not helpful. In the first study, in order to reduce a bias present in previous studies of spontaneous strategies, explicit instructions were given to participants, specifying that the focus of the study was on a voluntary search for information. Participants reported strategically searching for semantic/contextual strategies when they tried to resolve a name-retrieval failure more often than they reported searching for phonological/orthographic information. In addition, phonological/orthographic strategies were perceived as more difficult than semantic/contextual strategies. In a second experiment, we investigated whether retrieving phonological information by oneself is objectively difficult in a face-naming task: in the event of retrieval failure, participants were instructed to search for phonological information in some trials and for semantic information in other trials. Participants recalled semantic information in 94% of the trials when instructed to search for semantic information. By contrast, when instructed to search for phonological information, participants remained unable to recall any correct piece of phonological information in about 55% of the trials. This result shows that the retrieval of phonological information is objectively difficult. This difficulty could explain why people do not privilege searching for phonology to resolve name-retrieval failures.
A metabolomic signature of treated and drug-naïve patients with Parkinson's disease: a pilot study.
Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society, 2019

About 90% of cases of Parkinson's disease (PD) are idiopathic and attempts to understand pathogenesis typically assume a multifactorial origin. Multifactorial diseases can be studied using metabolomics, since the cellular metabolome reflects the interplay between genes and environment.
Regional, cellular and species difference of two key neuroinflammatory genes implicated in schizophrenia.
Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2020

The transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) regulates the expression of many inflammatory genes that are overexpressed in a subset of people with schizophrenia. Transcriptional reduction in one NF-κB inhibitor, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Enhancer Binding Protein 2 (HIVEP2), is found in the brain of patients, aligning with evidence of NF-κB over-activity. Cellular co-expression of HIVEP2 and cytokine transcripts is a prerequisite for a direct effect of HIVEP2 on pro-inflammatory transcription, and we do not know if changes in HIVEP2 and markers of neuroinflammation are occurring in the same brain cell type. We performed in situ hybridisation on postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex tissue to map and compare the expression of HIVEP2 and Serpin Family A Member 3 (SERPINA3), one of the most consistently increased inflammatory genes in schizophrenia, between schizophrenia patients and controls. We find that HIVEP2 expression is neuronal and is decreased in almost all grey matter cortical layers in schizophrenia patients with neuroinflammation, and that SERPINA3 is increased in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex grey matter and white matter in the same group of patients. We are the first to map the upregulation of SERPINA3 to astrocytes and to some neurons, and find evidence to suggest that blood vessel-associated astrocytes are the main cellular source of SERPINA3 in the schizophrenia cortex. We show that a lack of HIVEP2 in mice does not cause astrocytic upregulation of Serpina3n but does induce its transcription in neurons. We speculate that HIVEP2 downregulation is not a direct cause of astrocytic pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis in schizophrenia but may contribute to neuronally-mediated neuroinflammation.
Working memory is a core executive function supporting dual-task locomotor performance across childhood and adolescence.
Journal of experimental child psychology, 2020

Most daily-life ambulatory tasks involve dual tasking, for example, talking while walking. In children, the evidence supporting the effects of age on dual tasking is confounded by the difficulty of the cognitive task and lack of adjustment to suit individual cognitive abilities. To address this issue, the current study examined the effects of age, cognitive load, and executive functioning on the degree of dual-task gait interference across childhood and adolescence. We tested 120 typically developing children aged 6-11 years, adolescents aged 12-16 years, and young adults aged 18-25 years. Participants were asked to walk while performing a visuospatial working memory task at two levels of cognitive load (easy and difficult) adjusted to suit each participant's cognitive ability. Spatiotemporal characteristics and intra-individual variability of gait were measured using a GAITRite electronic walkway. Irrespective of the cognitive load level, children aged 6 to 11 years showed greater dual-task gait interference for selective spatiotemporal gait characteristics; however, the younger children showed a trade-off pattern in gait variability whereby they prioritized gait stability at the expense of cognitive performance. Our results also showed that age and working memory capacity were significant predictors of dual-task interference for a range of complementary gait parameters in the combined sample. Importantly, working memory capacity was part of a moderating relationship between age and dual-task gait interference. These findings emphasize the importance of dual-task prioritization strategies in younger children and highlight the role of individual differences in working memory capacity in performance in dual-task gait situations.
An alternative pathway for sweet sensation: possible mechanisms and physiological relevance.
Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 2020

Sweet substances are detected by taste-bud cells upon binding to the sweet-taste receptor, a T1R2/T1R3 heterodimeric G protein-coupled receptor. In addition, experiments with mouse models lacking the sweet-taste receptor or its downstream signaling components led to the proposal of a parallel "alternative pathway" that may serve as metabolic sensor and energy regulator. Indeed, these mice showed residual nerve responses and behavioral attraction to sugars and oligosaccharides but not to artificial sweeteners. In analogy to pancreatic β cells, such alternative mechanism, to sense glucose in sweet-sensitive taste cells, might involve glucose transporters and K