rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
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The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2020

Dysregulation of dopamine neurotransmission has been linked to the development of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). To investigate the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, this study used an inducible HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) transgenic (iTat-tg) mouse model, which demonstrates brain-specific Tat expression induced by administration of doxycycline. We found that induction of Tat expression in the iTat-tg mice for either 7 or 14 days resulted in a decrease (∼30%) in the
The role of mGlu4 receptors within the nucleus accumbens in acquisition and expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in male rats.
BMC neuroscience, 2021

Several studies have shown that glutamate neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is required for the development of morphine-induced conditional place preference (CPP). In addition, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in NAc play important roles in the reward pathways. However, the precise role of mGluR4 in different steps of the morphine-induced CPP is less well known. In the present study the effect of bilateral intra-accumbal infusion of VU0155041, as a specific mGluR4 agonist on the acquisition and expression of morphine induced CPP in male Wistar rats was investigated. The animals were bilaterally implanted with guide cannulae above the NAc. In the first step of the study, the VU0155041 was administered at doses of 10, 30 and 50 μg/0.5 μL saline per side into the NAc during the 3 days of morphine (5 mg/kg) conditioning (acquisition) phase of morphine-induced CPP. In the second step of the study, the rats bilaterally received VU0155041 at the dose of 50 μg/0.5 μL, 5 min before the post-conditioning test in order to check the effect of VU0155041 on the expression of morphine-induced CPP.
Wally Welker and neurobehavioral evolution: an appreciation and bibliography.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2011

The following review and appreciation of the pioneering work and character of Wallace I. (Wally) Welker provides a historical perspective on Welker's life-long quest for answers to fundamental questions on the relationships among brain, behavior, and evolution, and evaluates his impact upon comparative behavioral neuroscience.
The Effect of l-Arginine on Dural Healing After Experimentally Induced Dural Defect in a Rat Model.
World neurosurgery, 2017

Incomplete repair of the dura mater may result in numerous complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage and meningitis. For this reason, accurate repair of the dura mater is essential. In this study, the effect of systemic and local supplementation of l-arginine on dural healing was evaluated.
WITHDRAWN:Childhood violence exposure and social deprivation predict adolescent amygdala-orbitofrontal cortex white matter connectivity.
Developmental cognitive neuroscience, 2020

This article has been withdrawn: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor and publisher. The publisher regrets that an error occurred which led to the premature publication of this paper. This error bears no reflection on the article or its authors. The publisher apologizes to the authors and the readers for this unfortunate error.
Occipital cortex and cerebellum gray matter changes in visual snow syndrome.
Neurology, 2020

To determine whether regional gray and white matter differences characterize the brain of patients with visual snow syndrome, a newly defined neurologic condition, we used a voxel-based morphometry approach.
The contribution of thymic tolerance to central nervous system autoimmunity.
Seminars in immunopathology, 2021

Autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are associated with high levels of morbidity and economic cost. Research efforts have previously focused on the contribution of the peripheral adaptive and innate immune systems to CNS autoimmunity. However, a failure of thymic negative selection is a necessary step in CNS-reactive T cells escaping into the periphery. Even with defective thymic or peripheral tolerance, the development of CNS inflammation is rare. The reasons underlying this are currently poorly understood. In this review, we examine evidence implicating thymic selection in the pathogenesis of CNS autoimmunity. Animal models suggest that thymic negative selection is an important factor in determining susceptibility to and severity of CNS inflammation. There are indirect clinical data that suggest thymic function is also important in human CNS autoimmune diseases. Specifically, the association between thymoma and paraneoplastic encephalitis and changes in T cell receptor excision circles in multiple sclerosis implicate thymic tolerance in these diseases. We identify potential associations between CNS autoimmunity susceptibility factors and thymic tolerance. The therapeutic manipulation of thymopoiesis has the potential to open up new treatment modalities, but a better understanding of thymic tolerance in CNS autoimmunity is required before this can be realised.
The antigenic anatomy of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain.
Cell, 2021

Antibodies are crucial to immune protection against SARS-CoV-2, with some in emergency use as therapeutics. Here, we identify 377 human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing the virus spike and focus mainly on 80 that bind the receptor binding domain (RBD). We devise a competition data-driven method to map RBD binding sites. We find that although antibody binding sites are widely dispersed, neutralizing antibody binding is focused, with nearly all highly inhibitory mAbs (IC
Plasma Clusterin as a Potential Link Between Diabetes and Alzheimer Disease.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2020

Plasma clusterin, a promising biomarker of Alzheimer disease (AD), has been associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, clusterin has not been investigated considering a relationship with both DM and AD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the individual and interactive relationships of plasma clusterin levels with both diseases.
Lower Lymphocyte Count is Associated With Increased Risk of Parkinson's Disease.
Annals of neurology, 2021

Patients with established Parkinson's disease (PD) display differences in peripheral blood markers of immune function, including leukocyte differential counts, compared with controls. These differences may be useful biomarkers to predict PD and may shed light on pathogenesis. We sought to identify whether peripheral immune dysregulation was associated with increased risk of subsequent PD diagnosis.
Higher Disease and Pain Severity and Fatigue and Lower Balance Skills Are Associated with Higher Prevalence of Falling among Individuals with the Inflammatory Disease of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD).
Journal of clinical medicine, 2020

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorder that is associated with impaired vision, sensory loss, pain, fatigue, and spasms in the upper and lower limbs. Typically, persons with this disorder are also at higher risks of falls. Given this, the aims of the study were to compare the prevalence rates of falling for NMOSD cases and healthy controls (HCs), and to predict falling in the former group based on sociodemographic, psychological, and illness-related factors.
Silymarin and neurodegenerative diseases: Therapeutic potential and basic molecular mechanisms.
Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 2020

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are primarily characterized by selective neuronal loss in the brain. Alzheimer's disease as the most common NDDs and the most prevalent cause of dementia is characterized by Amyloid-beta deposition, which leads to cognitive and memory impairment. Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the dramatic death of dopaminergic neuronal cells, especially in the SNc and caused alpha-synuclein accumulation in the neurons. Silymarin, an extract from seeds of Silybum marianum, administered mostly for liver disorders and also had anti-oxidant and anti-carcinogenic activities.
The α2-subunit of the nicotinic cholinergic receptor is specifically expressed in medial subpallium-derived cells of mammalian amygdala.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 2015

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes are expressed in specific neuronal populations, which are involved in numerous neural functions such as sleep, fatigue, anxiety, and cognition, as well as the central processing of pain and food intake. Moreover, mutations in nAChRs subunits have been related to frontal lobe epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, and other neurological disorders, including schizophrenia and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous studies have shown that the α2-subunit of the AChR (Chrna2) is expressed in the basal forebrain, in the septum, and in some amygdalar nuclei in the adult rodent brain. However, although the importance of this amygdalar expression in emotion-related behavior and the physiopathology of neuropsychiatric disorders has been accepted, a detailed study of the Chrna2 expression pattern during development has been lacking. In this study we found that Chrna2 is specifically expressed in medial subpallium-derived amygdalar nuclei from early developmental stages to adult. This finding could help us to better understand the role of Chrna2 in the differentiation and functional maturation of amygdalar neurons involved in cholinergic-regulated emotional behavior.
The neurocognitive mechanisms underlying food cravings and snack food consumption. A combined continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) and EEG study.
NeuroImage, 2018

Regulation of food cravings is thought to be critical for modulating eating behavior, yet we do not fully understand the mechanisms by which cognitive control operates in the eating context. The current study combined rTMS and EEG paradigms to examine the causal role of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in modulating visceral and behavioral responses to high calorie foods, and the mediational mechanisms underlying this relation. 28 right-handed female participants received both active and sham continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS; a rTMS variant used to decrease cortical activity) targeting the left dlPFC in a counterbalanced order. Prior to and following each stimulation session participants completed a flanker and food-cue presentation (high and low calorie food) task. Following cTBS participants had the opportunity to consume both high and low calorie foods during a taste test. Findings revealed a reliable effect of cTBS on food consumption, such that participants selectively ingested significantly more calories from appetitive calorie dense snack foods following active relative to sham cTBS; this effect did not translate to control (low calorie) food consumption. In addition, attenuation of dlPFC activity resulted in the significant increase in N2 amplitude and P3b latency to incongruent flanker trials, and the selective significant increase in the P3a amplitude to and P3a amplitude bias for high calorie food stimuli. Results from the parallel mediation analysis revealed that only the indirect effect of flanker task performance was significant; the indirect effects of stimulation induced changes in the P3 bias for high calorie foods, the urge to consume high calorie foods, and the general liking ratings for high calorie foods were not significant. These findings confirm the causal role of the left dlPFC in the modulation of calorie dense food consumption via inhibitory control capacity.
A 71-nucleotide deletion in the periaxin gene in an Italian patient with late-onset slowly progressive demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
European journal of neurology, 2020

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) constitutes a group of heterogeneous hereditary motor and sensor neuropathies. Mutations in the periaxin (PRX) gene cause CMT4F with an autosomal recessive early-onset demyelinating neuropathy and are extremely rare in a non-Romani white population.
[Ulysses in the medical literature].
Revista de neurologia, 2020

Cultural manifestations are frequently used as a source of descriptors in the field of the health sciences. The story of Odysseus (Ulysses) is one of the oldest and most influential works of world literature and has given rise to many subsequent creations, with strong roots in popular culture.
High-fat diet and acute stress have different effects on object preference tests in rats during adolescence and adulthood.
Behavioural brain research, 2021

Meals of high-fat diet (HFD) during adolescence produce stronger impairments to memory during adolescence than adulthood, however recovery of memory from adolescent HFD is underexplored. In addition, many tests of rodent memory are confounded by aversive or food-based stimuli, making it difficult to determine baseline memory processing affected by HFD. Thus, we utilized three cohorts of rats (adolescent HFD, adult HFD, and adolescent HFD with recovery) to explore the effects of HFD at different ages on two traditional tests of memory based strictly on object exploration, novel object recognition and novel object location tests. To isolate stress as a variable, rats were tested either at baseline or with cold water swim occurring directly after object acquisition. Results show that preference for novel objects is impaired by stress across all groups, but HFD alone only impairs preference for novel objects during adolescence, although this recovers after switching to a control diet. Additionally, preference for an object in a new location is impaired by HFD in all age groups and fails to recover following diet change. Together the data suggest that stress and HFD differentially affect object preference, based on test type, except during the adolescent period. Because these tests are traditionally interpreted as memory processes dependent on two distinct brain regions, the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex, these results support that stress and HFD affect the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex differently. The data affirm that while perirhinal cortex-dependent behavior recovers, the adolescent period is susceptible to long-lasting dysfunctions of hippocampal behavior by HFD.
The Functional Relevance of Task-State Functional Connectivity.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2021

Resting-state functional connectivity has provided substantial insight into intrinsic brain network organization, yet the functional importance of task-related change from that intrinsic network organization remains unclear. Indeed, such task-related changes are known to be small, suggesting they may have only minimal functional relevance. Alternatively, despite their small amplitude, these task-related changes may be essential for the ability of the human brain to adaptively alter its functionality via rapid changes in inter-regional relationships. We used activity flow mapping-an approach for building empirically derived network models-to quantify the functional importance of task-state functional connectivity (above and beyond resting-state functional connectivity) in shaping cognitive task activations in the (female and male) human brain. We found that task-state functional connectivity could be used to better predict independent fMRI activations across all 24 task conditions and all 360 cortical regions tested. Further, we found that prediction accuracy was strongly driven by individual-specific functional connectivity patterns, while functional connectivity patterns from other tasks (task-general functional connectivity) still improved predictions beyond resting-state functional connectivity. Additionally, since activity flow models simulate how task-evoked activations (which underlie behavior) are generated, these results may provide mechanistic insight into why prior studies found correlations between task-state functional connectivity and individual differences in behavior. These findings suggest that task-related changes to functional connections play an important role in dynamically reshaping brain network organization, shifting the flow of neural activity during task performance.
Role of D1- and D2-like dopamine receptors within the dentate gyrus in antinociception induced by chemical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus in an animal model of acute pain.
Physiology & behavior, 2021

The dentate gyrus (DG) as the main gateway of the hippocampal formation (HF) plays a crucial role in pain modulation. For this purpose, the HF receives dopaminergic inputs originated from the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area. It has previously been shown that the lateral hypothalamus (LH) stimulation produces antinociception via orexinergic projections of the LH to the DG region. So, given the presence of dopamine receptors in the DG and the undeniable role of the dopaminergic system in pain modulation, the current study was conducted to investigate the role of dopamine receptors located within the DG in the LH stimulation-induced pain modulation. Adult male Wistar rats weighing 220-250 g were unilaterally implanted with two separate cannulas into the LH and DG. Intra-DG administration of D1- or D2-like dopamine receptor antagonist (0.125, 0.25, 1, and 4 µg) was performed just 5 min before chemical stimulation of the LH by carbachol (250 nM). Nociceptive assay was done using the tail-flick apparatus immediately after the last microinjection. The results demonstrated that the administration of SCH23390 or Sulpiride into the DG decreased the intra-LH carbachol-induced antinociceptive responses and decreased the tail-flick latency times. The role of D2-like dopamine receptor of the DG was more prominent than that of D1-like dopamine receptor in antinociceptive response produced by the LH stimulation. It seems to be a complex neural circuitry in which the LH produces antinociceptive effects, in part, via dopamine receptors located in the DG region.
Don't forget the neurobiology: An experimental approach to linguistic representation.
The Behavioral and brain sciences, 2017

Acceptability judgments are no longer acceptable as the holy grail for testing the nature of linguistic representations. Experimental and quantitative methods should be used to test theoretical claims in psycholinguistics. These methods should include not only behavior, but also the more recent possibilities to probe the neural codes for language-relevant representations.
Optimizing behavior therapy for youth with Tourette's disorder.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2020

Tourette's Disorder (TD) is characterized by tics that cause distress and impairment. While treatment guidelines recommend behavior therapy as a first-line intervention, patients with TD may exhibit limited therapeutic response. Given the need to improve treatment outcomes, this study examined the efficacy of augmenting behavior therapy with D-cycloserine (DCS) to reduce tic severity in a placebo-controlled quick-win/fast-fail trial. Twenty youth with TD completed a baseline assessment to characterize tic severity, premonitory urges, medical history, and psychiatric comorbidity. Youth were randomly assigned to receive a single session of habit reversal training (HRT) augmented by either 50 mg of DCS or placebo. Two bothersome tics on the Hopkins Motor/Vocal Tic Scale (HM/VTS) were targeted for treatment during HRT. One week after the HRT session, youth completed a posttreatment assessment to evaluate change in the severity of bothersome tics. All assessments were completed by independent evaluators masked to treatment group. There was a Treatment Group by Time Interaction in favor of DCS-augmented HRT (p < 0.01), controlling for baseline tic severity, tic medication, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Follow-up comparisons revealed small group differences at the treatment visit (d = 0.27), with the DCS group exhibiting slightly greater severity for targeted tics. There was a large group difference at posttreatment, in which the DCS group exhibited lower severity for targeted tics (d = 1.30, p < 0.001) relative to the placebo group. Findings demonstrate the preliminary enhancement of tic severity reductions by augmenting HRT with DCS compared with placebo augmentation.
Myeloradiculitis with meningoencephalopathy and optic neuritis in a case of previous Chlamydia psittaci infection.
BMJ case reports, 2010

We present a case of optic neuritis and myelo-radiculopathy as a late association following Chlamydia psittaci infection. A 45-year-old female patient with a prior history of C psittaci pneumonia and subsequent reactive arthritis presented to the neurology unit with severe headache, constitutional symptoms and monocular disturbance in vision. Clinical examination revealed focal signs with brisk upper limb reflexes compared to lower limbs and mild left-sided pyramidal signs. Systemic inflammatory markers were raised and serological studies showed no evidence of re-infection. MRI showed multiple high signal foci within the brain parenchyma and pachymeningeal thickening and enhancement. There was marked clinical and haematological improvement with high dose corticosteroids.
Tea in the Morning and Khat Afternoon: Health Threats Due to Khat Chewing.
Cureus, 2020

Khat or qat (Catha edulis) is a flowering plant with an Arabic name قات, regularly named as qāt, also is known by various descriptive names, such as Abyssinian tea, Somali tea, Arabian tea, Miraa, Jima, and Kafta in its endemic regions of the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Fresh leaves and tops of khat are chewed or dried and consumed as a tea to attain a state of euphoria and excitement; it also has appetite-reducing effects. Traditionally, khat is used as a socializing habit in Yemen and is also widely cultivated because of its high income. However, in recent years the plant has been reported in England, Wales, Rome, Amsterdam, Canada, Israel, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. Although it is believed that khat is a relatively low-risk drug, it's associated with an increased risk for various medical complications, including dental and oropharyngeal disease, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, obstetric, and even can be the cause of cancer. Our goal in this review article is to revise and determine the relationship between chewing khat and its health issues. Additionally, we tried to determine the mechanism involved in health hazards due to consuming the khat.