rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
Connectome-based models can predict processing speed in older adults.
NeuroImage, 2020

Decrement in processing speed (PS) is a primary cognitive morbidity in clinical populations and could significantly influence other cognitive functions, such as attention and memory. Verifying the usefulness of connectome-based models for predicting neurocognitive abilities has significant translational implications on clinical and aging research. In this study, we verified that resting-state functional connectivity could be used to predict PS in 99 older adults by using connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM). We identified two distinct connectome patterns across the whole brain: the fast-PS and slow-PS networks. Relative to the slow-PS network, the fast-PS network showed more within-network connectivity in the motor and visual networks and less between-network connectivity in the motor-visual, motor-subcortical/cerebellum and motor-frontoparietal networks. We further verified that the connectivity patterns for prediction of PS were also useful for predicting attention and memory in the same sample. To test the generalizability and specificity of the connectome-based predictive models, we applied these two connectome models to an independent sample of three age groups (101 younger adults, 103 middle-aged adults and 91 older adults) and confirmed these models could specifically be generalized to predict PS of the older adults, but not the younger and middle-aged adults. Taking all the findings together, the identified connectome-based predictive models are strong for predicting PS in older adults. The application of CPM to predict neurocognitive abilities can complement conventional neurocognitive assessments, bring significant clinical benefits to patient management and aid the clinical diagnoses, prognoses and management of people undergoing the aging process.
Excitation-Inhibition Dynamics Regulate Activity Transmission Through the Perirhinal-Entorhinal Network.
Neuroscience, 2019

The perirhinal (PER) - lateral entorhinal (LEC) network plays a pivotal role in the information transfer between the neocortex and the hippocampus. Anatomical studies have shown that the connectivity is organized bi-directionally: the superficial layers consist of projections running from the neocortex via the PER-LEC network to the hippocampus while the deep layers form the output pathway back to the neocortex. Although these pathways are characterized anatomically, the functional organization of the superficial and deep connections in the PER-LEC network remains to be revealed. We performed paired recordings of superficial and deep layer principal neurons and found that a larger population of superficial neurons responded with action potential firing in response to superficial cortical input, compared to the deep layer population. This suggested that the superficial network can carry information from the cortex towards the hippocampus. The relation between the excitatory and inhibitory input onto the deep and superficial principal neurons showed that the window of net excitability was larger in superficial principal neurons. We performed paired recordings in superficial layer principal neurons and parvalbumin (PV) expressing interneurons to address how this window of opportunity for spiking is affected in superficial principal neurons. The PV interneuron population initiated inhibition at a very consistent timing with increasing stimulus intensity, whereas the excitation temporally shifted to ensure action potential firing. These data indicate that superficial principal neurons can transmit cortical synaptic input through the PER-LEC network because these neurons have a favorable window of opportunity for spiking in contrast to deep neurons.
Multi-inducer grouping for curve completion: Perceptual and computational exploration.
Journal of vision, 2017

The human visual system excels in object recognition and scene interpretation even in scenes in which some (or even all) observed objects are partially occluded or fragmented. This highly efficient capacity is facilitated by constructive processes of contour completion between inducers to yield the perception of whole objects across gaps. A fundamental problem of the process is when and how the visual system groups different inducers in the visual scene between which completion occurs. Previous studies on this grouping problem, inspired mostly by relatability theory (Kellman & Shipley, 1991), focused on one good continuation condition that dictates whether a given pair of inducers would group together or not. Left open, however, was the question of how good continuation interacts with other grouping factors and how the perceptual system groups inducers when more than two of them are present in a scene (as would be in most typical natural stimuli). Here, we address both issues by exploring observers' perceptual response in multi-inducer scenes in which inducers and their relationships are determined by three independent factors: relative proximity, relative orientation, and curvature. Employing the dot localization paradigm, we indirectly inferred the type of inducer grouping constructed by the observer's visual system and analyzed the three-dimensional response function. Furthermore, we propose a simple parametric model that suggests an opponency relationship between two of the grouping factors and predicts subject's likely response with high accuracy. We also analyzed the discrepancy between our results and model the predictions made by the classical relatability theory.
Go with the flow -- but only in one direction.
Neuron, 2009

Retinotopic maps form prior to the development of vision, when retinal waves serve as a robust source of correlated neural activity. Two recent studies provide critical insights into the features of retinal waves that may be instructive for the formation of retinotopic maps.
WITHDRAWN: Loss of hepatic HIF-1α accelerates lipid accumulation by inhibiting peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Journal of hepatology, 2015

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
Sharing what works: adaptation programmes for overseas recruits.
Nurse education in practice, 2004

Many Trusts are considering overseas recruitment to cope with the current shortage of qualified nurses in the UK. The need to plan for and manage the socio-cultural process can divert attention from issues of professional adaptation. This article considers some of the legal, practical and theoretical guidance used by one Trust in developing its own adaptation programme for nurses recruited from overseas. Given the lack of detailed guidance or research available to identify factors which influence the success of adaptation programmes, learning theories were used to work out a set of guiding principles which were thought suitable for the particular challenges that overseas nurses face in learning to adapt their professional skills to a new environment.
Jawbone fibrous dysplasia: retrospective evaluation in a cases series surgically treated and short review of the literature.
Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis, 2020

Fibrous dysplasia is a fibro-osseous osteopathy in which the normal bone architecture is replaced by fibrous tissue and non-functional trabeculae-like osseous structures. In head and neck area monostotic or polyostotic lesions cause a progressively expanding destructive bone swelling producing cosmetic deformities and functional impairments. The aim of this article is to present a retrospective review of a clinical case series with pathologically confirmed jawbone fibrous dysplasia for over an 8-year-period.
Narcolepsy type 1: what have we learned from immunology?
Sleep, 2020

Narcolepsy type 1 is hypothesized to be an autoimmune disease targeting the hypocretin/orexin neurons in the hypothalamus. Ample genetic and epidemiological evidence points in the direction of a pathogenesis involving the immune system, but this is not considered proof of autoimmunity. In fact, it remains a matter of debate how to prove that a given disease is indeed an autoimmune disease. In this review, a set of commonly used criteria for autoimmunity is described and applied to narcolepsy type 1. In favor of the autoimmune hypothesis are data showing that in narcolepsy type 1 a specific adaptive immune response is directed to hypocretin/orexin neurons. Autoreactive T cells and autoantibodies have been detected in blood samples from patients, but it remains to be seen if these T cells or antibodies are in fact present in the hypothalamus. It is also unclear if the autoreactive T cells and/or autoantibodies can transfer the disease to healthy individuals or animals or if immunization with the proposed autoantigens can induce the disease in animal models. Most importantly, it is still controversial whether suppression of the autoimmune response can prevent disease progression. In conclusion, narcolepsy type 1 does still not fully meet the criteria for being classified as a genuine autoimmune disease, but more and more results are pointing in that direction.
Regulation of vocal precision by noradrenergic modulation of a motor nucleus.
Journal of neurophysiology, 2020

Recent theories of norepinephrine (NE) function suggest that NE modulates the transition between stereotyped, goal-directed behavior and more variable, exploratory behaviors that facilitate learning and adaptation. We provide evidence for context-dependent switching by NE that is analogous to this explore/exploit strategy in the vocal system of the zebra finch (
Accuracy of a chairside intraoral scanner compared with a laboratory scanner for the completely edentulous maxilla: An in vitro 3-dimensional comparative analysis.
The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, 2020

Intraoral scanners are promising options for removable prosthodontics. However, analog aids, including occlusion rims, are still used, as a completely digital workflow is challenging and scientific evidence on the topic is scarce.
Clozapine utilization at the United States Veterans Health Administration: a descriptive report of prescribing patterns and patient characteristics among Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom Veterans.
International clinical psychopharmacology, 2020

To identify the clozapine utilization rate at Veterans Health Administration, as well as patient characteristics, and correlates of use to garner a better understanding of the Veterans Health Administration-treated clozapine population. A longitudinal retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on all Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom Veterans treated with clozapine prescriptions through Veterans Health Administration from 2006 to 2016. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted. The sample of 1.3 million veterans had 15 416 with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, however; only 197 filled outpatient clozapine prescriptions through Veterans Health Administration, a clozapine utilization rate of 1.28%. Median days on clozapine were 305. Median number of antipsychotic medications was 12, with a median rank of clozapine being the eighth antipsychotic trialed. 59.90% of individuals had at least one period of maintenance clozapine treatment. The median number of psychiatric hospitalizations was four, and Clozapine rank was strongly associated with number of hospitalizations. There were no associations between acute versus maintenance clozapine use and either hospitalizations or mortality. Clozapine utilization was very low relative to recommended prescribing rates. Delayed initiation of clozapine was noted and was associated with increased number of hospitalizations. Lack of observed differences in mortality may be explained by low number of mortalities.
'An invisible human rights crisis': The marginalization of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic - An advocacy review.
Psychiatry research, 2020

The world has endured over six months of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Older adults are at disproportionate risk of severe infection and mortality. They are also vulnerable to loneliness and social exclusion during the pandemic. Age and ageism both can act as significant risk factors during this pandemic, increasing the physical as well as psychosocial burden on the elderly. A review was performed in relation to the psychosocial vulnerabilities of the older adults during the pandemic, with insights from the similar biological disasters in the past. Besides the physiological risk, morbidities, polypharmacy and increased case fatality rates, various social factors like lack of security, loneliness, isolation, ageism, sexism, dependency, stigma, abuse and restriction to health care access were identified as crucial in pandemic situation. Frailty, cognitive and sensory impairments added to the burden. Marginalization and human rights deprivation emerged as a common pathway of suffering for the elderly during COVID-19. The implications of the emergent themes are discussed in light of psychosocial wellbeing and impact on the quality of life. The authors suggest potential recommendations to mitigate this marginalization on lines of the World Health Organization (WHO)'s concept of Healthy Ageing and the United Nations (U.N.) Sustainable Development Goals.
A Developmental Analysis of Juxtavascular Microglia Dynamics and Interactions with the Vasculature.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2020

Microglia, a resident CNS macrophage, are dynamic cells, constantly extending and retracting their processes as they contact and functionally regulate neurons and other glial cells. There is far less known about microglia-vascular interactions, particularly under healthy steady-state conditions. Here, we use the male and female mouse cerebral cortex to show that a higher percentage of microglia associate with the vasculature during the first week of postnatal development compared with older ages and that the timing of these associations is dependent on the fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1). Similar developmental microglia-vascular associations were detected in the human brain. Using live imaging in mice, we found that juxtavascular microglia migrated when microglia are actively colonizing the cortex and became stationary by adulthood to occupy the same vascular space for nearly 2 months. Further, juxtavascular microglia at all ages associate with vascular areas void of astrocyte endfeet, and the developmental shift in microglial migratory behavior along vessels corresponded to when astrocyte endfeet more fully ensheath vessels. Together, our data provide a comprehensive assessment of microglia-vascular interactions. They support a mechanism by which microglia use the vasculature to migrate within the developing brain parenchyma. This migration becomes restricted on the arrival of astrocyte endfeet such that juxtavascular microglia become highly stationary and stable in the mature cortex.
Vagal gut-brain signaling mediates amygdaloid plasticity, affect, and pain in a functional dyspepsia model.
JCI insight, 2021

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is associated with chronic gastrointestinal distress and with anxiety and depression. Here, we hypothesized that aberrant gastric signals, transmitted by the vagus nerve, may alter key brain regions modulating affective and pain behavior. Using a previously validated rat model of FD characterized by gastric hypersensitivity, depression-like behavior, and anxiety-like behavior, we found that vagal activity - in response to gastric distention - was increased in FD rats. The FD phenotype was associated with gastric mast cell hyperplasia and increased expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor (Crh) and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes in the central amygdala. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy reversed these changes and restored affective behavior to that of controls. Vagotomy partially attenuated pain responses to gastric distention, which may be mediated by central reflexes in the periaqueductal gray, as determined by local injection of lidocaine. Ketotifen, a mast cell stabilizer, reduced vagal hypersensitivity, normalized affective behavior, and attenuated gastric hyperalgesia. In conclusion, vagal activity, partially driven by gastric mast cells, induces long-lasting changes in Crh signaling in the amygdala that may be responsible for enhanced pain and enhanced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Together, these results support a "bottom-up" pathway involving the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of both gastric pain and psychiatric comorbidity in FD.
Current clinical trials and patent update on lung cancer: a retrospective review.
Lung cancer management, 2021

Several clinical trials using different interventions are currently being sponsored to combat lung cancer at its different stages. The purpose of this study was to provide a portfolio of those trials. All active, open and recruiting clinical trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov up to March 2018 were included. Information related to 6092 registered lung cancer trials was downloaded. Phase II trials were in the majority, comprising nearly 48.7% of total clinical trials with industry the major sponsor (41.3%) followed by NIH (12.3%). Multicenter studies were the norm accounting for 47.9% and the main study location was the USA (50.9%). Common interventions were radiation (26%), surgery (22%) and EGFR inhibitors (17%). Patent information includes major patent filing office and sponsors. The data analysis provides a comprehensive description of lung cancer trials.
VIP interneurons in mouse primary visual cortex selectively enhance responses to weak but specific stimuli.
eLife, 2020

Vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing (VIP) interneurons in the cortex regulate feedback inhibition of pyramidal neurons through suppression of somatostatin-expressing (SST) interneurons and, reciprocally, SST neurons inhibit VIP neurons. Although VIP neuron activity in the primary visual cortex (V1) of mouse is highly correlated with locomotion, the relevance of locomotion-related VIP neuron activity to visual coding is not known. Here we show that VIP neurons in mouse V1 respond strongly to low contrast front-to-back motion that is congruent with self-motion during locomotion but are suppressed by other directions and contrasts. VIP and SST neurons have complementary contrast tuning. Layer 2/3 contains a substantially larger population of low contrast preferring pyramidal neurons than deeper layers, and layer 2/3 (but not deeper layer) pyramidal neurons show bias for front-to-back motion specifically at low contrast. Network modeling indicates that VIP-SST mutual antagonism regulates the gain of the cortex to achieve sensitivity to specific weak stimuli without compromising network stability.
[Consensual recommendations for the description of three variants of primary progressive aphasia: limits and controversies regarding language impairments].
Geriatrie et psychologie neuropsychiatrie du vieillissement, 2015

Consensual recommendations for the diagnostic criteria of three variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) were published in 2011. Since their publication, these recommendations were the object of criticism, which has recently led to the proposition of their revision. This article gives a description of the criteria that preceded the consensual criteria currently in use, and presents the different limits and controversies regarding the description of each PPA variant's language profile. These controversies will be examined in terms of the description of each variant's central manifestations, their differential diagnosis, the links between each clinical entity and its underlying pathology, and the evolution of the language profile. Lastly, this article offers perspectives regarding language evaluation in PPA that have several implications for clinical practice and research.
Interleukin-6 and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activation in a tumor bearing mouse.
The International journal of neuroscience, 2008

Tumor derived cytokines have been suggested to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; that is, increase the hypothalamic releases of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone. The authors previously reported that tumor mice bearing a human oral squamous cell carcinoma exhibit an anorectic phenotype with increased expression of CRH mRNA in their hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei. This study examined the plasma levels of tumor-derived cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), in order to determine potential mediator(s) implicated in CRH expression in this tumor mouse model. Plasma corticosterone levels were assayed as well to confirm the HPA activation. In the results, plasma levels of IL-6, but not TNF-alpha, were increased significantly in the tumor mice compared with age-matching non-tumor controls. Plasma corticosterone levels were also increased in the tumor mice. These results together with the previous findings suggest IL-6 as a potential mediator in the control of hypothalamic CRH expression in the authors' tumor mouse model.
Ictal asystole: a diagnostic and management conundrum.
The journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 2019

We report two cases of adults presenting with transient loss of consciousness (TLoC) followed by a rapid recovery. Careful history taking revealed a stereotyped prodrome of déjà vu, raising the possibility of these events being focal seizures rather than syncope. The patients were commenced on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) at the same time as having cardiac monitoring organised. This confirmed asystole during the seizure symptoms, resulting in TLoC. It was assumed that the cardiac arrhythmia explained the entire picture, a permanent pacemaker (PPM) was inserted, and the AEDs were withdrawn in one patient and not commenced in the other. However, they both subsequently presented with worsening seizures, including generalised tonic-clonic seizures, despite a functioning pacemaker. The seizures improved on restarting AEDs. The cases illustrate the diagnostic and management difficulties of patients presenting with ictal asystole, a condition that requires input from various medical specialities. There is no strong evidence base for the management of ictal asystole, but we favour a combined approach of AEDs and PPM insertion.
Ideographic Alexia without Involvement of the Fusiform Gyrus in a Korean Stroke Patient: A Serial Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.
Dementia and neurocognitive disorders, 2016

Korean orthography is composed of Hanja (ideograms) and Hangul (phonograms). Based on previous studies, the fusiform gyrus has been associated with ideogram reading. We examine serial functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) images in a patient exhibiting dissociation of Hanja and Hangul reading to identify brain areas associated with Hanja reading.