rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
Insect Neurobiology: What to Make of a Small Spot?
Current biology : CB, 2019

Vertical stripes have long been known to attract laboratory fruit flies, but small spots, presumably common in the wild, seemed only to avert them. A new study finds odor can reverse this, demonstrating that flies respond to shapes more judiciously than was thought.
Clinical and Functional Consequences of C-Terminal Variants in MCT8: A Case Series.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2021

Genetic variants in SLC16A2, encoding the thyroid hormone transporter MCT8, can cause intellectual and motor disability and abnormal serum thyroid function tests, known as MCT8 deficiency. The C-terminal domain of MCT8 is poorly conserved, which complicates prediction of the deleteriousness of variants in this region. We studied the functional consequences of 5 novel variants within this domain and their relation to the clinical phenotypes.
Pharmacologic cardioversion with intravenous amiodarone is likely safe in neurocritically Ill patients.
Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, 2017

Neurological injury is often associated with cardiac abnormalities, including electrophysiological issues. Cardioversion of acute atrial fibrillation (<48h' duration) without anticoagulation carries about a 0.7% risk of thromboembolism. There is limited data on managing acute atrial fibrillation specifically in the neuroscience intensive care unit (NSICU) setting. We sought to determine the safety of using intravenous (IV) amiodarone for restoring sinus rhythm in patients with presumed new onset atrial or ventricular tachycardia after neurological injury. We conducted a retrospective review of consecutive patients admitted to our NSICU between June 2011 and March 2015 with a primary neurological diagnosis and new onset tachyarrhythmias who received IV amiodarone. Baseline demographics and presence of known risk factors for atrial fibrillation were recorded. The primary end point was new onset stroke. 48 patients were included for the final analysis. No patients developed new stroke after receiving IV amiodarone. The average follow up period was 14.0days. The majority of patients did not have the pre identified risk factors for atrial fibrillation. Ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury were the most common admitting diagnoses. We conclude that in patients with primary neurological injury, use of IV amiodarone for rhythm control of acute onset atrial fibrillation carries a low risk of cardioembolic stroke in the first 2weeks. Further investigation, including prospective studies, with larger samples and longer follow up periods is warranted.
Platelet-Reactive Antibodies in Patients after Ischaemic Stroke-An Epiphenomenon or a Natural Protective Mechanism.
International journal of molecular sciences, 2020

Ischaemic brain damage induces autoimmune responses, including the production of autoantibodies with potential neuroprotective effects. Platelets share unexplained similarities with neurons, and the formation of anti-platelet antibodies has been documented in neurological disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of anti-platelet antibodies in the peripheral blood of patients after ischaemic stroke and determine any clinical correlations. Using a flow cytometry-based platelet immunofluorescence method, we detected platelet-reactive antibodies in 15 of 48 (31%) stroke patients and two of 50 (4%) controls (
Increases of negative affect following daily hassles are not moderated by neuroticism: An ecological momentary assessment study.
Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 2020

The occurrence of daily hassles is associated with increased subsequent levels of negative affect. Neuroticism has been found to exacerbate this effect. So far, most research used single-item measures for the assessment of daily hassles or relied on daily diary studies. This study aimed to examine the interrelations of daily hassles, negative affect reactivity, and neuroticism in daily life employing an extensive inventory of daily hassles. Seventy participants (18-30 years; M = 23.9 years, 59% female) completed a 4-week smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment study reporting the occurrence and perceived strain of daily hassles as well as negative affect at five semi-random signals between 9 a.m. and 8 p.m. Multilevel analyses revealed significant associations between elevated levels of negative affect and higher cumulative daily hassle strain ratings per signal in concurrent and time-lagged analyses. Contrary to our expectations, there was no moderation by neuroticism on these associations. The results suggest that daily hassles can accumulate in their impact on mood in daily life and exert a prolonged effect on negative affect. The absence of a significant moderation by neuroticism may be interpreted in the light of methodological specifics of this study.
Neural substrates of long-term item and source memory for emotional associates: An fMRI study.
Neuropsychologia, 2020

Since Tulving's influential work on the distinction between familiarity and recollection-based retrieval, numerous studies have found evidence for differential contribution of these retrieval mechanisms on emotional episodic memory. Particularly, retrieval advantage for emotional, compared to neutral, information has been related to recollection-, but not familiarity-mediated processes. Neuroimaging studies suggest that this recollection-based retrieval for emotional information is related to stronger engagement of regions in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), posterior parietal cortex (PPC), and prefrontal cortex (PFC). In the present study, we investigated neural correlates related to long-term memory of neutral information that has been associated with emotional and neutral contexts, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). During encoding, different neutral objects integrated with emotional or neutral scenes were presented. One week later, the encoded objects were intermixed with new ones and participants had to indicate whether the objects were previously seen or not, using the Remember/Know procedure (item memory). Furthermore, memory for the correct scene background category was also tested (contextual source memory). First, replicating previous findings, we observed a preference for recollection-dependent memory retrieval versus familiarity-dependent memory retrieval for those neutral objects encoded in emotional compared to neutral contexts. Second, consistent with these behavioral effects, objects encoded with emotional, compared to neutral, scenes produced larger memory-related activity in recollection-sensitive brain regions, including PPC and PFC regions. Third, correctly retrieved emotional compared to neutral contextual information was associated with increased activity in these brain areas. Together, these results suggest that memory for information encoded in emotional contexts is remarkably robust over time and mediated by recollection-based processes.
Evaluation of the Core Formation Process in Congenital Neuromuscular Disease With Uniform Type 1 Fiber and Central Core Disease.
Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology, 2020

Typical central core disease (CCD) is characterized pathologically by the presence of a core and is accompanied by type 1 fiber uniformity. Congenital neuromuscular disease with uniform type 1 fiber (CNMDU1) is characterized pathologically by the presence of type 1 fiber uniformity but without the abnormal structural changes in muscle fibers. Interestingly, typical CCD and 40% of CNMDU1 cases are caused by the same mutations in RYR1, and thus CNMDU1 has been considered an early precursor to CCD. To better understand the nature of CNMDU1, we re-evaluated muscle biopsies from 16 patients with CNMDU1 using immunohistochemistry to RYR1, triadin and TOM20, and compared this to muscle biopsies from 36 typical CCD patients. In CCD, RYR1, and triadin were present in the core regions, while TOM20 was absent in the core regions. Interestingly, in 5 CNMDU1 cases with the RYR1 mutation, RYR1, and triadin were similarly present in core-like areas, while TOM20 was absent in the subsarcolemmal region. Furthermore, there was a correlation between the core position and the disease duration or progression-the older patients in more advanced stages had more centralized cores. Our results indicate that CNMDU1 due to RYR1 mutation is a de facto core myopathy.
Meditation-based clinical study to determine the correlation of quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) and 24-hour EEG activity.
Medicine, 2018

The heart continuously transmits information to the cerebrum during each pulse, and influences information processing such as perception, cognition, and emotion, which are processed in the cerebrum. This is the basis for the theory of oriental medicine widely used in psychiatric medicine and clinical practice, so-called Simjushinji (heart and brain) theory, that the heart controls the mind. The present study aims to analyze the correlation between heart and brain function by 24-hour active electrocardiogram and quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) measurement under meditation.
DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB).
ACS chemical neuroscience, 2020

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a naturally occurring short-chain fatty acid that rose to prominence as a popular club drug in the 1990s. Originally developed as an anesthetic in the early 1960s, it was later sold as an over-the-counter dietary supplement before becoming a rising substance of abuse in the following decades as one of the "date rape" drugs. Despite its abuse potential, there has been a recent surge in therapeutic interest in the drug due to its clinical viability in the treatment of narcolepsy and alcohol abuse/withdrawal. Its interactions with the GABAergic framework of higher mammals has made it the prototypical example for the study of the chief inhibitory mechanism in the human central nervous system. Though relatively obscure in terms of popular culture, it has a storied history with widespread usage in therapeutic, recreational ("Chemsex"), and some disturbingly nefarious contexts. This Review aims to capture its legacy through review of the history, synthesis, pharmacology, drug metabolism, and societal impact of this DARK classic in chemical neuroscience.
Navigating in a Misty Landscape - Perceptions of Supporting a Relative Residing in Supported Housing for People with a Psychiatric Disability.
Issues in mental health nursing, 2020

The aim was to explore informal carers' perceptions of supporting the everyday life of a relative who has a psychiatric disability and resides in supported housing (SH). A qualitative study based on interviews with 12 informal carers was performed, and the data was analyzed with qualitative content analysis. The theme "Navigating in a misty landscape when striving to support a relative with a psychiatric disability" was identified, encompassing four categories pertaining to residents' needs, collaboration, environmental issues and the carer's situation. SH services can be enhanced by addressing informal carers' experiences and developing greater collaboration involving informal carers, residents and staff.
Review of Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy Techniques and Applications in the Biosciences.
Advanced biology, 2021

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a nonlinear optical imaging method for visualizing chemical content based on molecular vibrational bonds. Featuring high speed, high resolution, high sensitivity, high accuracy, and 3D sectioning, SRS microscopy has made tremendous progress toward biochemical information acquisition, cellular function investigation, and label-free medical diagnosis in the biosciences. In this review, the principle of SRS, system design, and data analysis are introduced, and the current innovations of the SRS system are reviewed. In particular, combined with various bio-orthogonal Raman tags, the applications of SRS microscopy in cell metabolism, tumor diagnosis, neuroscience, drug tracking, and microbial detection are briefly examined. The future prospects for SRS microscopy are also shared.
Is there inter-observer variation in the interpretation of SSEPs in comatose cardiac arrest survivors? Further considerations following the Italian multicenter ProNeCa study.
Resuscitation, 2020

Bilateral absence of N20 peak in median nerve Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEPs) is considered the most valid predictor of poor outcome in comatose survivors after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We investigated the consistency in interpreting SSEP recordings in a multicentre study.
Carisoprodol pharmacokinetics and distribution in the nucleus accumbens correlates with behavioral effects in rats independent from its metabolism to meprobamate.
Neuropharmacology, 2020

Carisoprodol (Soma®) is a centrally-acting skeletal-muscle relaxant frequently prescribed for treatment of acute musculoskeletal conditions. Carisoprodol's mechanism of action is unclear and is often ascribed to that of its active metabolite, meprobamate. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether carisoprodol directly produces behavioral effects, or whether metabolism to meprobamate via cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymatic reaction is necessary. Rats were trained to discriminate carisoprodol (100 mg/kg) to assess time course and whether a CYP450 inhibitor (cimetidine) administered for 4 days would alter the discriminative effects of carisoprodol. Additionally, pharmacokinetics of carisoprodol and meprobamate with and without co-administration of cimetidine were assessed via in vivo microdialysis combined with liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry from blood and nucleus accumbens (NAc). The time course of the discriminative-stimulus effects of carisoprodol closely matched the time course of the levels of carisoprodol in blood and NAc, but did not match the time course of meprobamate. Administration of cimetidine increased levels of carisoprodol and decreased levels of meprobamate consistent with its interfering with metabolism of carisoprodol to meprobamate. However, cimetidine failed to alter the discriminative-stimulus effects of carisoprodol. Carisoprodol penetrated into brain tissue and directly produced behavioral effects without being metabolized to meprobamate. These findings indicate that understanding the mechanism of action of carisoprodol independently of meprobamate will be necessary to determine the validity of its clinical uses.
Learning Clique Subgraphs in Structural Brain Network Classification with Application to Crystallized Cognition.
NeuroImage, 2021

Structural brain networks constructed from diffusion MRI are important biomarkers for understanding human brain structure and its relation to cognitive functioning. There is increasing interest in learning differences in structural brain networks between groups of subjects in neuroimaging studies, leading to a variable selection problem in network classification. Traditional methods often use independent edgewise tests or unstructured generalized linear model (GLM) with regularization on vectorized networks to select edges distinguishing the groups, which ignore the network structure and make the results hard to interpret. In this paper, we develop a symmetric bilinear logistic regression (SBLR) with elastic-net penalty to identify a set of small clique subgraphs in network classification. Clique subgraphs, consisting of all the interconnections among a subset of brain regions, have appealing neurological interpretations as they may correspond to some anatomical circuits in the brain related to the outcome. We apply this method to study differences in the structural connectome between adolescents with high and low crystallized cognitive ability, using the crystallized cognition composite score, picture vocabulary and oral reading recognition tests from NIH Toolbox. A few clique subgraphs containing several small sets of brain regions are identified between different levels of functioning, indicating their importance in crystallized cognition.
Oleh Hornykiewicz, a giant in the understanding and treatment of Parkinson disease.
NPJ Parkinson's disease, 2021

Oleh Hornykiewicz (November 17, 1926–May 26, 2020), by demonstrating the loss of dopamine neurons in Parkinson’s disease, introducing the effort to treat the disorder with L-DOPA, and other innovative research, improved the lives of countless individuals and transformed neurology and medical science. Here we celebrate the life and great achievements of an outstanding scientist.
CNS viruses--diagnostic approach.
Neuroimaging clinics of North America, 2008

Diagnosis of CNS viral infections is challenging; yet, significant progress in laboratory diagnosis of CNS infections has come through applications of serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to CSF and tissues. Advances in molecular and laboratory techniques, together with neuroimaging, epidemiologic, and surveillance efforts, are yielding greater success in CNS viral diagnosis and treatment.
Core cell cycle machinery is crucially involved in both life and death of post-mitotic neurons.
Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS, 2020

A persistent dogma in neuroscience supported the idea that terminally differentiated neurons permanently withdraw from the cell cycle. However, since the late 1990s, several studies have shown that cell cycle proteins are expressed in post-mitotic neurons under physiological conditions, indicating that the cell cycle machinery is not restricted to proliferating cells. Moreover, many studies have highlighted a clear link between cell cycle-related proteins and neurological disorders, particularly relating to apoptosis-induced neuronal death. Indeed, cell cycle-related proteins can be upregulated or overactivated in post-mitotic neurons in case of acute or degenerative central nervous system disease. Given the considerable lack of effective treatments for age-related neurological disorders, new therapeutic approaches targeting the cell cycle machinery might thus be considered. This review aims at summarizing current knowledge about the role of the cell cycle machinery in post-mitotic neurons in healthy and pathological conditions.
The 7th International Congress of Neuroendocrinology (ICN2010) 11-15 July 2010, Rouen, France.
Expert review of neurotherapeutics, 2010

Neuroendocrinology has moved far beyond its initial focus on the regulation of pituitary hormone secretion. It now embraces not only the actions on the brain of a diverse range of 'new' hormones, such as leptin and ghrelin, but also the expanding roles of peptides as hormone-like messengers within the brain, controlling many fundamental behaviors and physiological processes. A recent International Congress of Neuroendocrinology highlighted the translational importance of some of these new insights.
Extended Middle Cranial Fossa Approach for Lesions Invading Infratemporal Fossa: Anatomic Study and Clinical Application.
World neurosurgery, 2020

Skull base tumors arising from the middle cranial fossa and invading of the infratemporal fossa (ITF) and middle cranial fossa are challenging for neurosurgeons, because of complex anatomy and critical neurovascular structure involvement. The first pioneering ITF approaches resulted in invasive procedures and carried a high rate of surgical morbidity. However, the acquisition of deep anatomical knowledge, and the development operative skills and reconstruction techniques allowed surgeons to achieve total or near total resection of many ITF lesions with a low morbidity rate. In Video 1 we illustrate our technique for the anterior ITF approach for the surgical treatment of a middle cranial fossa meningioma invading the ITF. This surgical video describes the anterior ITF approach in 2 steps. First, a standard extradural middle fossa approach subtemporal approach is performed on a cadaveric specimen, illustrating the anterior extension to the cavernous sinus. Second, the anterior ITF approach is performed for the surgical treatment of a temporal lobe meningioma with extension to the anterior ITF. This technique provides a minimally invasive approach for treating middle fossa lesions with anterior ITF extension.
Role of Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures.
Brain plasticity (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2020

Chronic alcohol consumption results in alcohol use disorder (AUD). Interestingly, however, sudden alcohol withdrawal (AW) after chronic alcohol exposure also leads to a devastating series of symptoms, referred to as alcohol withdrawal syndromes. One key feature of AW syndromes is to produce phenotypes that are opposite to AUD. For example, while the brain is characterized by a hypoactive state in the presence of alcohol, AW induces a hyperactive state, which is manifested as seizure expression. In this review, we discuss the idea that hippocampal neurogenesis and neural circuits play a key role in neuroadaptation and establishment of allostatic states in response to alcohol exposure and AW. The intrinsic properties of dentate granule cells (DGCs), and their contribution to the formation of a potent feedback inhibitory loop, endow the dentate gyrus with a "gate" function, which can limit the entry of excessive excitatory signals from the cortex into the hippocampus. We discuss the possibility that alcohol exposure and withdrawal disrupts structural development and circuitry integration of hippocampal newborn neurons, and that this altered neurogenesis impairs the gate function of the hippocampus. Failure of this gate function is expected to alter the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory (E/I) signals in the hippocampus and to induce seizure expression during AW. Recent functional studies have shown that specific activation and inhibition of hippocampal newborn DGCs are both necessary and sufficient for the expression of AW-associated seizures, further supporting the concept that neurogenesis-induced neuroadaptation is a critical target to understand and treat AUD and AW-associated seizures.
The influence of social media on recruitment to surgical trials.
BMC medical research methodology, 2020

Social media has changed the way surgeons communicate worldwide, particularly in dissemination of trial results. However, it is unclear if social media could be used in recruitment to surgical trials. This study aimed to investigate the influence of Twitter in promoting surgical recruitment in The Emergency Laparotomy and Frailty (ELF) Study.