rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
Attention fluctuations impact ongoing maintenance of information in working memory.
Psychonomic bulletin & review, 2020

Working memory maintains information in a readily accessible state and has been shown to degrade as the length of the retention interval increases. Previous research has suggested that this decline is attributable to changes in precision as well as sudden loss of item representations. Here, by measuring trial-to-trial variations in performance, we examined an orthogonal distinction between the maximum number of items that an individual can store, and the probability of achieving that maximum. Across two experiments, we replicated the finding that performance declines after long (10 s) retention intervals, as well as past observations that forgetting was due to probabilistic dropping of individual items rather than all-or-none losses of the stored memories. Critically, longer retention intervals did not reduce the maximum amount of information that could be stored in working memory. Instead, lower attentional control accounted for a decreased probability of maintaining the maximum number of items in working memory. Thus, longer retention intervals impact working memory storage via fluctuations in attentional control that lower the probability of achieving a stable maximum storage capacity.
Dopamine promotes instrumental motivation, but reduces reward-related vigour.
eLife, 2020

We can be motivated when reward depends on performance, or merely by the prospect of a guaranteed reward. Performance-dependent (contingent) reward is instrumental, relying on an internal action-outcome model, whereas motivation by guaranteed reward may minimise opportunity cost in reward-rich environments. Competing theories propose that each type of motivation should be dependent on dopaminergic activity. We contrasted these two types of motivation with a rewarded saccade task, in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). When PD patients were ON dopamine, they had greater response vigour (peak saccadic velocity residuals) for
A case of multiple sclerosis and necrotizing autoimmune myopathy with anti-SRP antibodies.
Multiple sclerosis and related disorders, 2018

Only few reports exist regarding the coexistence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and autoimmune myopathies. We describe the case of a man with a long history of undiagnosed left lower limb motor impairment who was hospitalized for subacute onset of a myopathic syndrome. In addition, neurological examination revealed sensory impairment and pyramidal signs in the left limbs. Muscle biopsy revealed a necrotizing myopathy and serum anti-signal recognition particle (SRP) antibodies were found. Brain and spinal cord MRI displayed several non-enhancing demyelinating lesions, and CSF-restricted oligoclonal bands were detected. Multimodal evoked potentials showed increased latency of central conduction. Total body PET-CT did not reveal malignancies. A final diagnosis of anti-SRP necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (NAM) and MS was made, and subsequent therapy with azathioprine resulted in a complete stability for both diseases during the follow up. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of concomitant NAM and MS.
An electroencephalographic examination of the autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR).
Consciousness and cognition, 2021

Autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) is a perceptual phenomenon characterized by pleasurable tingling sensations in the head and neck, as well as pleasurable feelings of relaxation, that reliably arise while attending to a specific triggering stimulus (e.g., whispering or tapping sounds). Currently, little is known about the neutral substrates underlying these experiences. In this study, 14 participants who experience ASMR, along with 14 control participants, were presented with four video stimuli and four auditory stimuli. Half of these stimuli were designed to elicit ASMR and half were non-ASMR control stimuli. Brain activity was measured using a 32-channel EEG system. The results indicated that ASMR stimuli-particularly auditory stimuli-elicited increased alpha wave activity in participants with self-reported ASMR, but not in matched control participants. Similar increases were also observed in frequency bands associated with movement (gamma waves and sensorimotor rhythm). These results are consistent with the reported phenomenology of ASMR, which involves both attentional and sensorimotor characteristics.
Total copy number variation as a prognostic factor in adult astrocytoma subtypes.
Acta neuropathologica communications, 2019

Since the discovery that IDH1/2 mutations confer a significantly better prognosis in astrocytomas, much work has been done to identify other molecular signatures to help further stratify lower-grade astrocytomas and glioblastomas, with the goal of accurately predicting clinical outcome and identifying potentially targetable mutations. In the present study, we subclassify 135 astrocytomas (67 IDH-wildtype and 68 IDH-mutant) from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset (TCGA) on the basis of grade, IDH-status, and the previously established prognostic factors, CDK4 amplification and CDKN2A/B deletion, within the IDH-mutant groups. We analyzed these groups for total copy number variation (CNV), total mutation burden, chromothripsis, specific mutations, and amplifications/deletions of specific genes/chromosomal regions. Herein, we demonstrate that across all of these tumor groups, total CNV level is a relatively consistent prognostic factor. We also identified a trend towards increased levels of chromothripsis in tumors with lower progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) intervals. While no significant differences were identified in overall mutation load, we did identify a significantly higher number of cases with mutations in genes with functions related to maintaining genomic stability in groups with higher mean CNV and worse PFS and OS intervals, particularly in the IDH-mutant groups. Our data further support the case for total CNV level as a potential prognostic factor in astrocytomas, and suggest mutations in genes responsible for overall genomic instability as a possible underlying mechanism for some astrocytomas with poor clinical outcome.
Neuroticism and reward-related ventral striatum activity: Probing vulnerability to stress-related depression.
Journal of abnormal psychology, 2021

Elevated neuroticism may confer vulnerability to the depressogenic effects of stressful life events (SLEs). However, the mechanisms underlying this susceptibility remain poorly understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that stress-related disruptions in neural reward processing might undergird links between stress and depression. Using data from the Saint Louis Personality and Aging Network (SPAN) study and Duke Neurogenetics Study (DNS), we examined whether neuroticism moderates links between stressful life events (SLE) and depression as well as SLEs and ventral striatum (VS) response to reward. In the longitudinal SPAN sample (
A Protocol Entry Catalog for Intraoperative Neuromonitoring - Steps Towards an Ontology.
Studies in health technology and informatics, 2020

In neurosurgery, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOM) with continuous measurements of neural electrical activity may reduce the risk of postoperative deficits. During an IOM, surgical information as well as neurophysiological, surgical and anesthesia events have to be recorded. So far, there is no common standard for this task available. In this paper, such a standardization with the aim of facilitating the data input and making the protocols data available for different sorts of analyses is described. We developed a protocol entry catalog with 200 standard expressions, which were divided into four categories: IOM, surgical procedure, anesthesia and others. An empirical assessment of the catalog by the IOM team showed the need for subcategories. In the final version of the catalog, the standard terms were grouped into 25 subcategories. The catalog is a first step to support systematic research into the occurrence of clinical events during the IOM and their association with postoperative neurological deficits that could enable improved surgical procedures in the future.
A NOTCH3 homozygous nonsense mutation in familial Sneddon syndrome with pediatric stroke.
Journal of neurology, 2021

Sneddon syndrome is a rare disorder affecting small and medium-sized blood vessels that is characterized by the association of livedo reticularis and stroke. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 2 affected siblings of a consanguineous family with childhood-onset stroke and identified a homozygous nonsense mutation within the epidermal growth factor repeat (EGFr) 19 of NOTCH3, p.(Arg735Ter). WES of 6 additional cases with adult-onset stroke revealed 2 patients carrying heterozygous loss-of-function variants in putative NOTCH3 downstream genes, ANGPTL4, and PALLD. Our findings suggest that impaired NOTCH3 signaling is one underlying disease mechanism and that bi-allelic loss-of-function mutation in NOTCH3 is a cause of familial Sneddon syndrome with pediatric stroke.
Infants routine video electroencephalogram findings in a Saudi tertiary hospital.
Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia), 2020

To report the existence and describe the non-epileptic abnormalities, interictal epileptiform discharges, and seizures in routine electroencephalograms (EEGs) of infants in a tertiary hospital out-patient neurophysiology clinics.
Protective effects of maternal administration of curcumin and hesperidin in the rat offspring following repeated febrile seizure: Role of inflammation and TLR4.
International immunopharmacology, 2020

Neuroinflammation has a key role in seizure generation and perpetuation in the neonatal period, and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway has a prominent role in neuroinflammatory diseases. Administration of antioxidants and targeting TLR4 in the embryonic period may protect rat offspring against the next incidence of febrile seizure and its harmful effects. Curcumin and hesperidin are natural compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and have an inhibitory action on TLR4 receptors. We evaluated the effect of maternal administration of curcumin and hesperidin on infantile febrile seizure and subsequent memory dysfunction in adulthood. Hyperthermia febrile seizure was induced on postnatal days 9-11 on male rat pups with 24 h intervals, in a Plexiglas box that was heated to ~45 °C by a heat lamp. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) assessment for evaluation of inflammatory cytokine levels, TLR4 protein expression, and oxidative responses in the hippocampal tissues. For assessing working memory and long-term potentiation, the double Y-maze test and Schaffer collateral-CA1 in vivo electrophysiological recording were performed, respectively Our results showed that curcumin and hesperidin decreased TNF-α, IL-10, and TLR4 protein expression and reversed memory dysfunction. However, they did not provoke a significant effect on GSH content or amplitude and slope of recorded fEPSPs in the hippocampus. In addition, curcumin, but not hesperidin, decreased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and MDA levels. These findings imply that curcumin and hesperidin induced significant protective effects on febrile seizures, possibly via their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and downregulation of TLR4.
Spatial and Temporal Organization of the Individual Human Cerebellum.
Neuron, 2018

The cerebellum contains the majority of neurons in the human brain and is unique for its uniform cytoarchitecture, absence of aerobic glycolysis, and role in adaptive plasticity. Despite anatomical and physiological differences between the cerebellum and cerebral cortex, group-average functional connectivity studies have identified networks related to specific functions in both structures. Recently, precision functional mapping of individuals revealed that functional networks in the cerebral cortex exhibit measurable individual specificity. Using the highly sampled Midnight Scan Club (MSC) dataset, we found the cerebellum contains reliable, individual-specific network organization that is significantly more variable than the cerebral cortex. The frontoparietal network, thought to support adaptive control, was the only network overrepresented in the cerebellum compared to the cerebral cortex (2.3-fold). Temporally, all cerebellar resting state signals lagged behind the cerebral cortex (125-380 ms), supporting the hypothesis that the cerebellum engages in a domain-general function in the adaptive control of all cortical processes.
Electrophysiological evidence for phenomenal consciousness.
Cognitive neuroscience, 2010

Abstract Recent evidence from event-related brain potentials (ERPs) lends support to two central theses in Lamme's theory. The earliest ERP correlate of visual consciousness appears over posterior visual cortex around 100-200 ms after stimulus onset. Its scalp topography and time window are consistent with recurrent processing in the visual cortex. This electrophysiological correlate of visual consciousness is mostly independent of later ERPs reflecting selective attention and working memory functions. Overall, the ERP evidence supports the view that phenomenal consciousness of a visual stimulus emerges earlier than access consciousness, and that attention and awareness are served by distinct neural processes.
[Gly14]-humanin restores cathepsin D function via FPRL1 and promotes autophagic degradation of Ox-LDL in HUVECs.
Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD, 2020

Abnormal aggregation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) is one of the major pathological changes in atherosclerotic lesions. Our research aimed to assess the mechanism of humanin (HN) in promoting autophagic degradation of Ox-LDL in HUVECs.
Neurophysiology training in the Neurology Specialist Education Program in Spain.
Neurologia (Barcelona, Spain), 2011

The training period in neurophysiology is a substantial part of the Neurology Specialist Program in Spain. The National Neurology Committee (La Comisión Nacional de Neurología (CNN), which is the body reporting to the Ministries of Health and Education, must ensure compliance to the Program.
Reduced Hedonic Tone and Emotion Dysregulation Predict Depressive Symptoms Severity during the COVID-19 Outbreak: An Observational Study on the Italian General Population.
International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has spiked stress-related symptoms worldwide. This study aims to assess depressive symptoms related to the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak among the Italian general population and to analyze anhedonia and emotion dysregulation as potential predictors of depression severity. Through an online questionnaire, we collected sociodemographic and lockdown-related information; depressive symptoms, hedonic tone, and emotion dysregulation were assessed through the Beck Depression Inventory II, the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, respectively. In our sample (n = 500), 122 individuals (24.4%) reported depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak. Individuals with and without depression differed in gender (X
Anger Mediates the Relationship between Pain and Depression in Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD, 2019

Anger has been linked to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the mechanism underlying this relationship is still unknown. This cross-sectional study explores the possibility that anger mediates the relationship between pain severity and depression in IBS patients.
Differential susceptibility of human neural progenitors and neurons to ischaemic injury.
Brain research bulletin, 2020

Neuroprotection for stroke has shown great promise but has had little translational success. Developing drugs for humans logically requires human tissue evaluation. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived neuronal cultures at different developmental stages were subject to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) to determine how developing maturity altered response to ischemic injury.
Age differences in predicting working memory performance from network-based functional connectivity.
Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior, 2020

Deterioration in working memory capacity (WMC) has been associated with normal aging, but it remains unknown how age affects the relationship between WMC and connectivity within functional brain networks. We therefore examined the predictability of WMC from fMRI-based resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within eight meta-analytically defined functional brain networks and the connectome in young and old adults using relevance vector machine in a robust cross-validation scheme. Particular brain networks have been associated with mental functions linked to WMC to a varying degree and are associated with age-related differences in performance. Comparing prediction performance between the young and old sample revealed age-specific effects: In young adults, we found a general unpredictability of WMC from RSFC in networks subserving WM, cognitive action control, vigilant attention, theory-of-mind cognition, and semantic memory, whereas in older adults each network significantly predicted WMC. Moreover, both WM-related and WM-unrelated networks were differently predictive in older adults with low versus high WMC. These results indicate that the within-network functional coupling during task-free states is specifically related to individual task performance in advanced age, suggesting neural-level reorganization. In particular, our findings support the notion of a decreased segregation of functional brain networks, deterioration of network integrity within different networks and/or compensation by reorganization as factors driving associations between individual WMC and within-network RSFC in older adults. Thus, using multivariate pattern regression provided novel insights into age-related brain reorganization by linking cognitive capacity to brain network integrity.
Montelukast for Medical Delay in Flap Surgery.
World journal of plastic surgery, 2020

Delay phenomenon can be used for better blood supply of the flap in plastic surgery. Effects of Montelukast have been observed to reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury in various organs due to angiogenic and anti-oxidant effects. The present study aimed to determine the role of Montelukast as medical delay of the flaps.
Information coding in vasopressin neurons--the role of asynchronous bistable burst firing.
Bio Systems, 2013

The task of the vasopressin system is homeostasis, a type of process which is fundamental to the brain's regulation of the body, exists in many different systems, and is vital to health and survival. Many illnesses are related to the dysfunction of homeostatic systems, including high blood pressure, obesity and diabetes. Beyond the vasopressin system's own importance, in regulating osmotic pressure, it presents an accessible model where we can learn how the features of homeostatic systems generally relate to their function, and potentially develop treatments. The vasopressin system is an important model system in neuroscience because it presents an accessible system in which to investigate the function and importance of, for example, dendritic release and burst firing, both of which are found in many systems of the brain. We have only recently begun to understand the contribution of dendritic release to neuronal function and information processing. Burst firing has most commonly been associated with rhythm generation; in this system it clearly plays a different role, still to be understood fully.
A Triage Model for Interhospital Transfers of Low Risk Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients.
Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association, 2021

Intracerebral hemorrhage comprises a large proportion of inter-hospital transfers to comprehensive stroke centers from centers without comprehensive stroke center resources despite lack of mortality benefit and low comprehensive stroke center resource utilization. The subset of patients who derive the most benefit from inter-hospital transfers is unclear. Here, we create a triage model to identify patients who can safely avoid transfer to a comprehensive stroke center.
Conditioned place preference for cocaine and methylphenidate in female mice from lines selectively bred for high voluntary wheel-running behavior.
Genes, brain, and behavior, 2021

Behavioral addictions can come in many forms, including overeating, gambling and overexercising. All addictions share a common mechanism involving activation of the natural reward circuit and reinforcement learning, but the extent to which motivation for natural and drug rewards share similar neurogenetic mechanisms remains unknown. A unique mouse genetic model in which four replicate lines of female mice were selectively bred (>76 generations) for high voluntary wheel running (High Runner or HR lines) alongside four non-selected control (C) lines were used to test the hypothesis that high motivation for exercise is associated with greater reward for cocaine (20 mg/kg) and methylphenidate (10 mg/kg) using the conditioned place preference (CPP) test. HR mice run ~three times as many revolutions/day as C mice, but the extent to which they have increased motivation for other rewards is unknown. Both HR and C mice displayed significant CPP for cocaine and methylphenidate, but with no statistical difference between linetypes for either drug. Taken together, results suggest that selective breeding for increased voluntary running has modified the reward circuit in the brain in a way that increases motivation for running without affecting cocaine or methylphenidate reward.
Cheaters claim they knew the answers all along.
Psychonomic bulletin & review, 2021

Cheating has become commonplace in academia and beyond. Yet, almost everyone views themselves favorably, believing that they are honest, trustworthy, and of high integrity. We investigate one possible explanation for this apparent discrepancy between people's actions and their favorable self-concepts: People who cheat on tests believe that they knew the answers all along. We found consistent correlational evidence across three studies that, for those particular cases in which participants likely cheated, they were more likely to report that they knew the answers all along. Experimentally, we then found that participants were more likely to later claim that they knew the answers all along after having the opportunity to cheat to find the correct answers - relative to exposure to the correct answers without the opportunity to cheat. These findings provide new insights into relationships between memory, metacognition, and the self-concept.