rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
Traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation: do children and adolescents have better or worse outcomes than adults? A narrative review.
Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, 2016

Traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation is an uncommon, severely unstable pathology, which can lead to detrimental or even fatal neurological impairment. Specifically, children have consistently been reported to be more susceptible to this type of injury because of their disproportionately larger head, ligament laxity, and injury mechanisms. However, to date, rates of missed injury and outcomes including neurologic recovery of pediatric and adult populations following this insult have not been comparatively evaluated.
Effect of environmental feedbacks on pacing strategy and affective load during a self-paced 30 min cycling time trial.
Journal of sports sciences, 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the pacing strategy and its affective consequences during self-paced cycling time trials (TT) performed at different severity of hypoxia. Eight competitive cyclists performed five 30 min self-paced TTs at their best performance in the following conditions: 1) normobaric normoxia (NN
Cortical atrophy patterns in early Parkinson's disease patients using hierarchical cluster analysis.
Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2018

Cortical brain atrophy detectable with MRI in non-demented advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) is well characterized, but its presence in early disease stages is still under debate. We aimed to investigate cortical atrophy patterns in a large sample of early untreated PD patients using a hypothesis-free data-driven approach.
Sudden and unexpected death from pituitary tumor apoplexy.
Journal of forensic sciences, 2012

Pituitary tumor apoplexy refers to a clinical syndrome precipitated by the expansion of a pituitary adenoma by hemorrhage or infarction. Individuals may present with myriad signs, including sudden onset of severe headache, visual changes, altered mental status, cranial nerve palsies, and hormonal dysfunction. This disorder constitutes a medical emergency and warrants an expedited evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment to prevent the potential sequelae of permanent visual loss, endocrine abnormalities, or death. We report a case of sudden death from undiagnosed pituitary tumor apoplexy. The decedent was evaluated by medical personnel on three occasions in the week prior to her death for severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and photophobia. Postmortem examination demonstrated a hemorrhagic infarction of a pituitary adenoma with necrosis and expansion out of the sella turcica. The recognition of and treatment for a patient with pituitary tumor apoplexy requires a rapid multidisciplinary effort. Failure of prompt diagnosis may be fatal and require a medico-legal death investigation for sudden and unexpected death.
Dehydration-anorexia derives from a reduction in meal size, but not meal number.
Physiology & behavior, 2012

The anorexia that results from extended periods of cellular dehydration is an important physiological adaptation that limits the intake of osmolytes from food and helps maintain the integrity of fluid compartments. The ability to experimentally control both the development and reversal of anorexia, together with the understanding of underlying hormonal and neuropeptidergic signals, makes dehydration (DE)-anorexia a powerful model for exploring the interactions of neural networks that stimulate and inhibit food intake. However, it is not known which meal parameters are affected by cellular dehydration to generate anorexia. Here we use continuous and high temporal resolution recording of food and fluid intake, together with a drinking-explicit method of meal pattern analysis to explore which meal parameters are modified during DE-anorexia. We find that the most important factor responsible for DE-anorexia is the failure to maintain feeding behavior once a meal has started, rather than the ability to initiate a meal, which remains virtually intact. This outcome is consistent with increased sensitivity to satiation signals and post-prandial satiety mechanisms. We also find that DE-anorexia significantly disrupts the temporal distribution of meals across the day so that the number of nocturnal meals gradually decreases while diurnal meal number increases. Surprisingly, once DE-anorexia is reversed this temporal redistribution is maintained for at least 4 days after normal food intake has resumed, which may allow increased daily food intake even after normal satiety mechanisms are reinstated. Therefore, DE-anorexia apparently develops from a selective targeting of those neural networks that control meal termination, whereas meal initiation mechanisms remain viable.
The role of sleep in emotional memory processing in middle age.
Neurobiology of learning and memory, 2018

Sleep benefits memory in young adults, and this effect may be particularly strong for representations associated with negative emotion. Many aspects of sleep important for memory consolidation change with aging, particularly by middle age, suggesting that sleep-related consolidation may be reduced. However, the influence of sleep on memory has rarely been investigated in a middle-aged population. In the current study, young and middle-aged adults viewed negative and neutral pictures and underwent a recognition test after sleep or wake. Subjective emotional reactivity was also measured. Compared to waking, sleep benefited memory in young adults. Performance did not differ between sleep and wake groups in middle-aged adults, and it matched the level of young adults who slept. The effect of sleep versus wake was not influenced by memory valence in either age group. These results suggest the relative influence of sleep compared to wake on memory declines with aging, specifically by middle age, and that this decline extends to negative memory.
Long-term follow-up in infantile-onset lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome.
Journal of child neurology, 2014

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome is a neuromuscular junction disorder characterized by proximal limb muscle weakness, fatigability, decreased deep-tendon reflexes, and autonomic symptoms. There are 2 forms of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: one most frequently associated with small-cell lung cancer (P-Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome) and the other that is a pure autoimmune form (NP-Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome). Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome is a very rare disorder in children younger than age 12 years. Herein, we report a 25-year-old man with NP-Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, which onset was at the age of 10 years. To date, this is the most long-term follow-up of NP-Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome in childhood. In our patient, the only symptomatic treatment with 3,4-diaminopyridine phosphate has been sufficient to guarantee him a good quality of life. Our data remind physicians to keep in mind the diagnosis of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome in children with a proximal myopathic pattern and they confirm the specificity of compound muscle action potential incremental pattern after brief maximal effort in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome.
Comparing 3D ultrastructure of presynaptic and postsynaptic mitochondria.
Biology open, 2019

Serial-section electron microscopy such as FIB-SEM (focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy) has become an important tool for neuroscientists to trace the trajectories and global architecture of neural circuits in the brain, as well as to visualize the 3D ultrastructure of cellular organelles in neurons. In this study, we examined 3D features of mitochondria in electron microscope images generated from serial sections of four regions of mouse brains: nucleus accumbens (NA), hippocampal CA1, somatosensory cortex and dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN). We compared mitochondria in the presynaptic terminals to those in the postsynaptic/dendritic compartments, and we focused on the shape and size of mitochondria. A common feature of mitochondria among the four brain regions is that presynaptic mitochondria generally are small and short, and most of them do not extend beyond presynaptic terminals. In contrast, the majority of postsynaptic/dendritic mitochondria are large and many of them spread through significant portions of the dendrites. Comparing among the brain areas, the cerebral cortex and DCN have even larger postsynaptic/dendritic mitochondria than the NA and CA1. Our analysis reveals that mitochondria in neurons are differentially sized and arranged according to their subcellular locations, suggesting a spatial organizing principle of mitochondria at the synapse.
Detection of Extraprostatic Extension of Cancer on Biparametric MRI Combining Texture Analysis and Machine Learning: Preliminary Results.
Academic radiology, 2019

Extraprostatic extension of disease (EPE) has a major role in risk stratification of prostate cancer patients. Currently, pretreatment local staging is performed with MRI, while the gold standard is represented by histopathological analysis after radical prostatectomy. Texture analysis (TA) is a quantitative postprocessing method for data extraction, while machine learning (ML) employs artificial intelligence algorithms for data classification. Purpose of this study was to assess whether ML algorithms could predict histopathological EPE using TA features extracted from unenhanced MR images.
In Vivo Biofilm Formation, Gram-Negative Infections and TAS2R38 Polymorphisms in CRSw NP Patients.
The Laryngoscope, 2018

Among the predisposing factors implicated in the immune response to airway bacterial infections, genetic variations of the bitter taste receptor TAS2R38, which is expressed in the cilia of the human sinonasal epithelial cells, seem to be associated with susceptibility to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and in vitro biofilm formation. Polymorphisms in TAS2R38 generate two common haplotypes: the nonfunctional AVI (Alanine, Valine, Isoleucine) and the functional PAV (Proline, Alanine, Valine) alleles, with the latter protecting against gram-negative sinonasal infections. The aim of this study is to investigate for the first time the relevance of TAS2R38 genetic variants in the susceptibility to bacterial infections associated with in vivo biofilm formation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients.
Differential rescue of light- and food-entrainable circadian rhythms.
Science (New York, N.Y.), 2008

When food is plentiful, circadian rhythms of animals are powerfully entrained by the light-dark cycle. However, if animals have access to food only during their normal sleep cycle, they will shift most of their circadian rhythms to match the food availability. We studied the basis for entrainment of circadian rhythms by food and light in mice with targeted disruption of the clock gene Bmal1, which lack circadian rhythmicity. Injection of a viral vector containing the Bmal1 gene into the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus restored light-entrainable, but not food-entrainable, circadian rhythms. In contrast, restoration of the Bmal1 gene only in the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus restored the ability of animals to entrain to food but not to light. These results demonstrate that the dorsomedial hypothalamus contains a Bmal1-based oscillator that can drive food entrainment of circadian rhythms.
Differences in regional grey matter volume of the brain are related to mean blood pressure and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in normotensive humans.
Journal of hypertension, 2020

The brainstem plays a critically important role in the beat-to-beat control of blood pressure, as well as setting mean blood pressure (MBP). We recently showed that regional cerebral blood flow to specific brainstem nuclei is inversely related to resting MBP in healthy normotensive individuals. Here we tested the hypothesis that grey matter volume in these same nuclei, and areas above the brainstem to which they are connected, is also associated with resting MBP and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA).
A Neural Network Approach to Identify the Peritumoral Invasive Areas in Glioblastoma Patients by Using MR Radiomics.
Scientific reports, 2020

The challenge in the treatment of glioblastoma is the failure to identify the cancer invasive area outside the contrast-enhancing tumour which leads to the high local progression rate. Our study aims to identify its progression from the preoperative MR radiomics. 57 newly diagnosed cerebral glioblastoma patients were included. All patients received 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence guidance surgery and postoperative temozolomide concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Preoperative 3 T MRI data including structure MR, perfusion MR, and DTI were obtained. Voxel-based radiomics features extracted from 37 patients were used in the convolutional neural network to train and as internal validation. Another 20 patients of the cohort were tested blindly as external validation. Our results showed that the peritumoural progression areas had higher signal intensity in FLAIR (p = 0.02), rCBV (p = 0.038), and T1C (p = 0.0004), and lower intensity in ADC (p = 0.029) and DTI-p (p = 0.001) compared to non-progression area. The identification of the peritumoural progression area was done by using a supervised convolutional neural network. There was an overall accuracy of 92.6% in the training set and 78.5% in the validation set. Multimodal MR radiomics can demonstrate distinct characteristics in areas of potential progression on preoperative MRI.
Cortical Activation Through Passive-Motion Functional MRI.
AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 2015

Functional brain mapping is an important technique for neurosurgical planning, particularly for patients with tumors or epilepsy; however, mapping has traditionally involved invasive techniques. Existing noninvasive techniques require patient compliance and may not be suitable for young children. We performed a retrospective review of our experience with passive-motion functional MR imaging in anesthetized patients to determine the diagnostic yield of this technique.
A reversible thermoresponsive sealant for temporary closure of ocular trauma.
Science translational medicine, 2017

Open globe injuries are full-thickness injuries sustained to the eye wall (cornea or sclera), which cause immediate drops in intraocular pressure that may lead to retinal detachment and permanent vision loss if not treated rapidly after injury. The current standard of care for open globe injuries consists of suturing the margins closed, but the technique can be time-consuming, requires specialized training and equipment, and can lead to patient discomfort, abrasion, and infection from eye rubbing. We engineered an injectable, thermoresponsive sealant (TRS) and a custom tool to occlude open globe injuries. The smart hydrogel sealant consists of physically cross-linked
A Network of Topographic Maps in Human Association Cortex Hierarchically Transforms Visual Timing-Selective Responses.
Current biology : CB, 2020

Accurately timing sub-second sensory events is crucial when perceiving our dynamic world. This ability allows complex human behaviors that require timing-dependent multisensory integration and action planning. Such behaviors include perception and performance of speech, music, driving, and many sports. How are responses to sensory event timing processed for multisensory integration and action planning? We measured responses to viewing systematically changing visual event timing using ultra-high-field fMRI. We analyzed these responses with neural population response models selective for event duration and frequency, following behavioral, computational, and macaque action planning results and comparisons to alternative models. We found systematic local changes in timing preferences (recently described in supplementary motor area) in an extensive network of topographic timing maps, mirroring sensory cortices and other quantity processing networks. These timing maps were partially left lateralized and widely spread, from occipital visual areas through parietal multisensory areas to frontal action planning areas. Responses to event duration and frequency were closely linked. As in sensory cortical maps, response precision varied systematically with timing preferences, and timing selectivity systematically varied between maps. Progressing from posterior to anterior maps, responses to multiple events were increasingly integrated, response selectivity narrowed, and responses focused increasingly on the middle of the presented timing range. These timing maps largely overlap with numerosity and visual field map networks. In both visual timing map and visual field map networks, selective responses and topographic map organization may facilitate hierarchical transformations by allowing neural populations to interact over minimal distances.
Axonal branching patterns of nucleus accumbens neurons in the rat.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 2010

The patterns of axonal collateralization of nucleus accumbens (Acb) projection neurons were investigated in the rat by means of single-axon tracing techniques using the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine. Seventy-three axons were fully traced, originating from either the core (AcbC) or shell (AcbSh) compartment, as assessed by differential calbindin D28k-immunoreactivity. Axons from AcbC and AcbSh showed a substantial segregation in their targets; target areas were either exclusively or preferentially innervated from AcbC or AcbSh. Axon collaterals in the subthalamic nucleus were found at higher than expected frequencies; moreover, these originated exclusively in the dorsal AcbC. Intercompartmental collaterals were observed from ventral AcbC axons into AcbSh, and likewise, interconnections at pallidal and mesencephalic levels were also observed, although mostly from AcbC axons toward AcbSh targets, possibly supporting crosstalk between the two subcircuits at several levels. Cell somata giving rise to short-range accumbal axons, projecting to the ventral pallidum (VP), were spatially intermingled with others, giving rise to long-range axons that innervated VP and more caudal targets. This anatomical organization parallels that of the dorsal striatum and provides the basis for possible dual direct and indirect actions from a single axon on either individual or small sets of neurons.
Psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy.
International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 2017

Psychiatric comorbidities, including mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders, are common in epilepsy, often occurring at rates 2-3-fold or higher than in the general population without epilepsy. This article discusses the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in epilepsy, hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of these comorbidities, and treatment implications. More specifically, it addresses: (1) How common are major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and psychotic disorders in epilepsy? (2) How does one screen for these psychiatric disorders in persons with epilepsy? (3) Why do psychiatric conditions occur in epilepsy? (4) Is the treatment of psychiatric comorbidity in epilepsy associated with seizures? The important topic of suicide and suicidal ideation in epilepsy, risk factors for their occurrence, and how to screen for these co-existent conditions is also discussed. Finally, gaps in knowledge regarding psychiatric conditions in epilepsy are briefly discussed.
T1 weighted fat/water separated PROPELLER acquired with dual bandwidths.
Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2018

To describe a fat/water separated dual receiver bandwidth (rBW) spin echo PROPELLER sequence that eliminates the dead time associated with single rBW sequences. A nonuniform noise whitening by regularization of the fat/water inverse problem is proposed, to enable dual rBW reconstructions.
Spermidine prevents high glucose-induced senescence in HT-22 cells by upregulation of CB1 receptor.
Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology, 2018

Hyperglycaemia-induced neurotoxicity involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy and neuronal senescence is one of the worst effects of hyperglyceamic neurotoxicity. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) has neuroprotective function in a series of neuropathy. Spermidine (Spd) has anti-aging function in many tissues. However, the role of Spd in hyperglyceamia-induced neuronal senescence remains unexplored. Therefore, we used high glucose (HG)-treated HT-22 cell as vitro model to investigate whether Spd protects neurons against hyperglyceamia-induced senescence and the mediatory role of CB1 receptor. The HT-22 cells were cultured in HG condition in the presence of different dose of Spd. Then, the viability of cells was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The senescence of cells was detected by Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining. The expressions of p16
KV7/M channels mediate osmotic modulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2009

Modest decreases in extracellular osmolarity induce brain hyperexcitability that may culminate in epileptic seizures. At the cellular level, moderate hyposmolarity markedly potentiates the intrinsic neuronal excitability of principal cortical neurons without significantly affecting their volume. The most conspicuous cellular effect of hyposmolarity is converting regular firing neurons to burst-firing mode. This effect is underlain by hyposmotic facilitation of the spike afterdepolarization (ADP), but its ionic mechanism is unknown. Because blockers of K(V)7 (KCNQ) channels underlying neuronal M-type K(+) currents (K(V)7/M channels) also cause spike ADP facilitation and bursting, we hypothesized that lowering osmolarity inhibits these channels. Using current- and voltage-clamp recordings in CA1 pyramidal cells in situ, we have confirmed this hypothesis. Furthermore, we show that hyposmotic inhibition of K(V)7/M channels is mediated by an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration via release from internal stores but not via influx of extracellular Ca(2+). Finally, we show that interfering with internal Ca(2+)-mediated inhibition of K(V)7/M channels entirely protects against hyposmotic ADP facilitation and bursting, indicating the exclusivity of this novel mechanism in producing intrinsic neuronal hyperexcitability in hyposmotic conditions.
Early ERP components to emotional facial expressions in young adult victims of childhood maltreatment.
Psychiatry research, 2019

The ability to appropriately recognize the facial expression of emotions is essential for the development of adaptive functioning. Studies suggest that maltreated children are hypersensitive to expression of anger. However, the neural mechanism of emotional face processing in young adults with a history of childhood maltreatment has yet to be explored. To explore whether the history of childhood maltreatment has a potential relationship with processing of emotional facial expressions, the present study used event-related potentials in investigating the early ERP components (P100 and N170) to the processing of emotional (angry, fearful, disgusted, and happy) faces in young adult victims of childhood maltreatment. Seventeen young adults with a history of childhood maltreatment and seventeen age and gender-matched non-maltreated participants performed a modified dot-probe task, using emotional faces paired with neutral faces. Results revealed no significant differences between maltreated group and non-maltreated group in P100 amplitude, but the N170 amplitude in the maltreated group was larger than non-maltreated group when processing angry, fearful, and happy faces. As such, this study provides biological evidence of altered neural processing of emotional facial expressions in young adults with a history of childhood maltreatment.