rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
Processing of task-irrelevant emotional faces impacted by implicit sequence learning.
Neuroreport, 2015

Attentional load may be increased by task-relevant attention, such as difficulty of task, or task-irrelevant attention, such as an unexpected light-spot in the screen. Several studies have focused on the influence of task-relevant attentional load on task-irrelevant emotion processing. In this study, we used event-related potentials to examine the impact of task-irrelevant attentional load on task-irrelevant expression processing. Eighteen participants identified the color of a word (i.e. the color Stroop task) while a picture of a fearful or a neutral face was shown in the background. The task-irrelevant attentional load was increased by regularly presented congruence trials (congruence between the color and the meaning of the word) in the regular condition because implicit sequence learning was induced. We compared the task-irrelevant expression processing between the regular condition and the random condition (the congruence and incongruence trials were presented randomly). Behaviorally, reaction times for the fearful face condition were faster than the neutral faces condition in the random condition, whereas no significant difference was found in the regular condition. The event-related potential results indicated enhanced positive amplitudes in P2, N2, and P3 components relative to neutral faces in the random condition. In comparison, only P2 differed significantly for the two types of expressions in the regular condition. The study showed that attentional load increased by implicit sequence learning influenced the late processing of task-irrelevant expression.
A European Academy of Neurology guideline on medical management issues in dementia.
European journal of neurology, 2020

Dementia is one of the most common disorders and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and decreased quality of life. The present guideline addresses important medical management issues including systematic medical follow-up, vascular risk factors in dementia, pain in dementia, use of antipsychotics in dementia and epilepsy in dementia.
Eye Rubbing and Transient Corneal Ectasia Detected by Topography in a Pediatric Patient.
Cornea, 2021

We report on a 13-year-old girl undergoing changes in the refraction of her OS associated with eye rubbing. Corneal topography showed a corneal deformation in OS, classified as stage 1 keratoconus according to the Krumeich classification. A significant reduction in eye rubbing led to a normal corneal shape at the 1-year follow-up. Transient and fully reversible corneal ectasia can be caused by eye rubbing in pediatric age. This may have implications when counseling very young patients with eye rubbing.
CPS1: Looking at an ancient enzyme in a modern light.
Molecular genetics and metabolism, 2020

The mammalian urea cycle (UC) is responsible for siphoning catabolic waste nitrogen into urea for excretion. Disruptions of the functions of any of the enzymes or transporters lead to elevated ammonia and neurological injury. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) is the first and rate-limiting UC enzyme responsible for the direct incorporation of ammonia into UC intermediates. Symptoms in CPS1 deficiency are typically the most severe of all UC disorders, and current clinical management is insufficient to prevent the associated morbidities and high mortality. With recent advances in basic and translational studies of CPS1, appreciation for this enzyme's essential role in the UC has been broadened to include systemic metabolic regulation during homeostasis and disease. Here, we review recent advances in CPS1 biology and contextualize them around the role of CPS1 in health and disease.
Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 2 is required for corticotropin-releasing hormone-mediated spine loss.
The European journal of neuroscience, 2019

Corticotropin-releasing hormone is produced in response to acute and chronic stress. Previous studies have shown that activation of the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) by corticotropin-releasing hormone results in the rapid loss of dendritic spines which correlates with cognitive dysfunction associated with stress. Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC2), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPase Rap, plays a critical role in regulating dendritic spine morphology and has been linked with CRHR1 signalling. In this study, we have tested whether EPAC2 links corticotropin-releasing hormone with dendritic spine remodelling. In primary rat cortical neurons, we show that CRHR1 is highly enriched in the dendritic spines. Furthermore, we find that EPAC2 and CRHR1 co-localize in cortical neurons and that acute exposure to corticotropin-releasing hormone induces spine loss. To establish whether EPAC2 was required for corticotropin-releasing hormone-mediated spine loss, we knocked-down EPAC2 in cortical neurons using a short hairpin RNA-mediated approach. In the presence of Epac2 knocked-down, corticotropin-releasing hormone was no longer able to induce spine loss. Taken together, our data indicate that EPAC2 is required for the rapid loss of dendritic spines induced by corticotropin-releasing hormone and may ultimately contribute to responses to acute stress.
Comparison of electrochemical performance of various boron-doped diamond electrodes: Dopamine sensing in biomimicking media used for cell cultivation.
Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2021

Chemically inert and biocompatible boron-doped diamond (BDD) has been successfully used in neuroscience for sensitive neurochemicals sensing and/or as a growth substrate for neurons. In this study, several types of BDD differing in (i) fabrication route, i.e. conventional microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (MW-PECVD) reactor vs. MW-PECVD with linear antenna delivery system, (ii) morphology, i.e. planar vs. porous BDD, and (iii) surface treatment, i.e. H-terminated (H-BDDs) vs. O-terminated (O-BDDs), were characterized from a morphological, structural, and electrochemical point of view. Further, planar and porous BDD-based electrodes were tested for sensing of dopamine in common biomimicking environments of pH 7.4, namely phosphate buffer (PB) and HEPES buffered saline (HBS). In HBS, potential windows are narrowed due to electrooxidation of its buffering component (i.e. HEPES), however, dopamine sensing in HBS is possible. H-BDDs (both planar and porous) outperformed O-BDDs as they provided clearer dopamine signals with higher peak currents. As expected, due to its enlarged surface area and increased sp
Comparison of the ionic currents modulated during activity-dependent and normal presynaptic facilitation.
Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), 2019

One of the major questions in psychology is whether associative and nonassociative learning are fundamentally different or whether they involve similar processes and mechanisms. We have addressed this question by comparing mechanisms of a nonassociative form of learning, sensitization, and an associative form of learning, classical conditioning of the siphon-withdrawal reflex of hermaphroditic
In-Hospital Mortality for the Elderly with Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.
Journal of neurotrauma, 2020

As the incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) in the elderly rises, clinicians are increasingly faced with difficult discussions regarding aggressiveness of management, likelihood of recovery, and survival. Our objective was to outline risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality in elderly surgical and non-surgical patients following tSCI and to determine those unlikely to have a favorable outcome. Data from elderly patients (≥ 65 years of age) in the Canadian Rick Hansen SCI Registry from 2004 to 2017 were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Survival and mortality groups in each of the surgical and non-surgical group were compared to explore factors associated with in-hospital mortality and their impact, using logistical regression. Of 1340 elderly patients, 1018 had surgical data with 826 having had surgery. In the surgical group, the median time to death post-injury was 30 days with 75% dying within 50 days compared with 7 days and 20 days, respectively, in the non-surgical group. Significant predictors for in-hospital mortality following surgery are age, comorbidities, neurological injury severity (American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA] Impairment Scale [AIS]), and ventilation status. The odds of dying 50 days post-surgery are six times higher for patients ≥77 years of age versus those 65-76 years of age, five times higher for those with AIS A versus those with AIS B/C/D, and seven times higher for those who are ventilator dependent. An expected probability of dying within 50 days post-surgery was determined using these results. In-hospital mortality in the elderly after tSCI is high. The trend with age and time to death and the significant predictors of mortality identified in this study can be used to inform clinical decision making and discussions with patients and their families.
Being 'in sync'-is interactional synchrony the key to understanding the social brain?
Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 2021

The past couple of decades produced a surge of interest in interaction synchrony. Moving from the study of behavioral coordination to investigating the coordination of psychophysiological and brain activity, relevant research has tackled a broad range of interactional settings with a multitude of measurement and analysis tools. This method diversity produced a host of interesting results converging on the fact that individuals engaged in social exchange tend to temporally align external as well as internal processes. Moreover, there appears to be a reciprocal relationship between the individuals' affective bond and the extent of synchronization, which together benefit interaction outcomes. Notably, however, the current breadth of study approaches creates challenges for the field, including how to compare findings and how to develop a theoretical framework that unites and directs ongoing research efforts. More concerted efforts are called for to achieve the conceptual and methodological clarity needed to answer core questions and enabling a balanced pursuit of both synchronous and asynchronous processes.
Correlative magnetic resonance imaging and autopsy findings in a patient with coagulation necrosis treated with tissue plasminogen activator.
Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association, 2012

Coagulation necrosis is a peculiar type of ischemic necrosis that is characterized by firm, eosinophilic parenchyma with recognizable cell outlines without massive glial reactions. This is an autopsy report of coagulation necrosis 6 months after thrombolytic tissue plasminogen activator therapy against massive cerebral embolism in an 84-year-old man with atrial fibrillation.
Recurrent amplification of grid-cell activity.
Hippocampus, 2020

High-level cognitive abilities such as navigation and spatial memory are thought to rely on the activity of grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), which encode the animal's position in space with periodic triangular patterns. Yet the neural mechanisms that underlie grid-cell activity are still unknown. Recent in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that grid cells are embedded in highly structured recurrent networks. But how could recurrent connectivity become structured during development? And what is the functional role of these connections? With mathematical modeling and simulations, we show that recurrent circuits in the MEC could emerge under the supervision of weakly grid-tuned feedforward inputs. We demonstrate that a learned excitatory connectivity could amplify grid patterns when the feedforward sensory inputs are available and sustain attractor states when the sensory cues are lost. Finally, we propose a Fourier-based measure to quantify the spatial periodicity of grid patterns: the grid-tuning index.
[Anatomical and functional prognosis of secondary retinal detachments after sutureless macular surgery].
Journal francais d'ophtalmologie, 2014

To evaluate the incidence, characteristics and risk factors for rhegmatogenous complications of transconjunctival sutureless 23-gauge vitrectomy (TSV) in macular surgery. The results were correlated with those reported in the literature.
Is Blood Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor a Useful Biomarker to Monitor Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients?
Rejuvenation research, 2020

Availability of reliable prognostic biomarkers that are also able to monitor preventive/therapeutic interventions in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is crucial. Cerebral brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) alterations were evidenced in Alzheimer's disease, but the value of blood BDNF in MCI is unclear, especially because of the incomplete/incorrect management of the numerous confounding factors unrelated to the disease. This study, applying a multidisciplinary methodological approach, aimed at clarifying whether blood BDNF can really mirror the cognitive symptoms of MCI, thus supporting the evaluation of clinical protocols' effectiveness as well as the definition of the conversion rate to dementia. Healthy elderly subjects (HE) and MCI patients were assessed for sociodemographic, neuropsychological, pharmacological, and lifestyle data, and plasma BDNF was measured (baseline); then, in the MCI cohort, the biomarker was tested in a comprehensive cognitive stimulation intervention (CS) as well as in a 2-year follow-up period. Plasma BDNF, cleansed from all the interfering factors, (1) did not discriminate HE and MCI patients; (2) in MCI patients reflected mood, social engagement, and subjective memory complaints but not cognition; (3) changed due to CS, although with no correlations to cognitive performances; and (4) predicted no functional deterioration. Our data indicate that the possible biased use of plasma BDNF in MCI is critically risky.
Can multiple sclerosis be cured? A case of highly active relapsing multiple sclerosis treated with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation 13 years ago.
Multiple sclerosis and related disorders, 2020

A 26-year-old man, with five years of highly active deteriorating relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS), unresponsive to conventional therapy, was treated with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (AHSCT) 13 years ago. Since then the patient had no clinical or neuroradiological disease activity and disability progression was halted. Repeated analysis of CSF revealed reduced levels of inflammatory biomarkers and the neurofilament light protein level was normalized indicating no further axonal degeneration. The patient is socio-economic independent, is working full time, and has become a father. Measures of quality of life and cognition did not indicate further deterioration. Long-term follow-up has not shown any signs of active disease suggesting that AHSCT may be a cure for MS.
Metabolic phenotyping reveals a reduction in the bioavailability of serotonin and kynurenine pathway metabolites in both the urine and serum of individuals living with Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2021

Both serotonergic signalling disruption and systemic inflammation have been associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The common denominator linking the two is the catabolism of the essential amino acid, tryptophan. Metabolism via tryptophan hydroxylase results in serotonin synthesis, whilst metabolism via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) results in kynurenine and its downstream derivatives. IDO is reported to be activated in times of host systemic inflammation and therefore is thought to influence both pathways. To investigate metabolic alterations in AD, a large-scale metabolic phenotyping study was conducted on both urine and serum samples collected from a multi-centre clinical cohort, consisting of individuals clinically diagnosed with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and age-matched controls.
Neuroendocrine and immune markers of maternal stress during pregnancy and infant cognitive development.
Developmental psychobiology, 2020

Antenatal exposure to maternal stress is a factor that may impact on offspring cognitive development. While some evidence exists of an association between maternal antenatal depressive or anxiety symptoms and infants' cognitive outcomes, less is known about the role of biological indices of maternal antenatal stress in relation to infant cognitive development. The current study investigated the association between maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms, stress and inflammatory markers during pregnancy and infant's cognitive development in a sample of 104 healthy pregnant women (mean gestational age = 34.76; SD = 1.12) and their 12-week-old infants (mean postnatal weeks = 11.96; SD = 1.85). Maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms were evaluated during pregnancy, alongside measurements of serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), salivary cortisol, and alpha amylase (sAA) concentrations. Infant cognitive development, maternal caregiving and concurrent anxiety or depressive symptoms were assessed 12 weeks after delivery. Hierarchical linear regressions indicated that higher maternal diurnal cortisol and CRP levels were independently associated with lower infant cognitive development scores, while adjusting for infant gender and gestational age, maternal IQ, caregiving, depressive, or anxiety symptoms. Though correlational, findings seem suggestive of a role for variation in maternal biological stress signals during pregnancy in influencing infants' early cognitive development.
A Simple and Efficient Method for Concomitant Isolation and Culture of Enriched Astroglial and Microglial Cells from the Rat Spinal Cord.
Bio-protocol, 2020

Investigations into glial biology have contributed substantially in understanding the physiology and pathology of the nervous system. However, intricacies of the neuron-glial and glial-glial interactions
Peripheral blood neurotrophic factor levels in children with autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis.
Scientific reports, 2021

Increasing evidence suggests that abnormal regulation of neurotrophic factors is involved in the etiology and pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, clinical data on neurotrophic factor levels in children with ASD were inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of peripheral blood neurotrophic factors levels in children with ASD, and quantitatively summarized the clinical data of peripheral blood neurotrophic factors in ASD children and healthy controls. A systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science identified 31 studies with 2627 ASD children and 4418 healthy controls to be included in the meta-analysis. The results of random effect meta-analysis showed that the peripheral blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Hedges' g = 0.302; 95% CI = 0.014 to 0.591; P = 0.040) , nerve growth factor (Hedges' g = 0.395; 95% CI = 0.104 to 0.686; P = 0.008) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (Hedges' g = 0.097; 95% CI = 0.018 to 0.175; P = 0.016) in children with ASD were significantly higher than that of healthy controls, whereas blood neurotrophin-3 (Hedges' g =  - 0.795; 95% CI =  - 1.723 to 0.134; P = 0.093) and neurotrophin-4 (Hedges' g = 0.182; 95% CI =  - 0.285 to 0.650; P = 0.445) levels did not show significant differences between cases and controls. Taken together, these results clarified circulating neurotrophic factor profile in children with ASD, strengthening clinical evidence of neurotrophic factor aberrations in children with ASD.
Sex- and Brain Region-specific Changes in Gene Expression in Male and Female Rats as Consequences of Methamphetamine Self-administration and Abstinence.
Neuroscience, 2021

Sex differences in METH use exist among human METH users and in animal models of METH addiction. Herein, we tried to identify potential differences in gene expression between female and male rats after Methamphetamine self-administration (METH SA). Rats were trained to self-administer METH using two 3-hours daily sessions for 20 days. Cue-induced drug seeking was measured on withdrawal days 3 (WD3) and 30 (WD30). Rats were euthanized twenty-four hours after WD30. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP) were dissected to measure mRNA expression. Both female and male rats increased their METH intake and showed increased METH seeking during withdrawal. Female had higher basal level expression of hypocretin receptor 1 (Hcrtr1) and prodynorphin (Pdyn) mRNAs in the PFC and HIP. Basal corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (Crhr1), Crh receptor 2 (Crhr2), hypocretin receptor 2 (Hcrtr2) and opioid receptor kappa 1 (Oprk1) mRNA levels were higher in the PFC of females. Male rats had higher basal levels of Crh and Crhr1 in HIP. METH SA was associated with increased Crh and Crhr1 in the HIP of both sexes and Crhr2 only in female HIP. Importantly, increased Crh and Crhr1 mRNA levels correlated positively with incubation of METH craving in both sexes, supporting their potential involvement, in part, in the regulation of this behavioral phenomenon. When taken together, our results identified sexual dimorphic baseline differences in rats. We also detected dimorphic responses in animals that had self-administered METH. These observations highlight the importance of understanding the molecular neurobiology of sex differences when therapeutic interventions are planned against METH addiction.
Serotonin transporter regulation by cholesterol-independent lipid signaling.
Biochemical pharmacology, 2021

Serotonin neurotransmission is largely governed by the regulation of the serotonin transporter (SERT). SERT is modulated in part by cholesterol, but the role of cholesterol and lipid signaling intermediates in regulating SERT are unknown. Serotonergic neurons were treated with statins to decrease cholesterol and lipid signaling intermediates. Contrary to reported decreases in 5-HT uptake after cholesterol depletion, biochemical and imaging methods both showed that statins increased 5-HT uptake in a fluoxetine-dependent manner. Simvastatin lowered the Km without changing Vmax for 5-HT or SERT distribution to the plasma membrane. Cholesterol repletion did not block enhanced 5-HT uptake by simvastatin but the enhanced uptake was blocked by lipid isoprenylation intermediates farnesyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. Blockade of geranylgeranylation alone without statins also enhanced 5-HT uptake. Overall, this study revealed a specific neuronal effect of statin drugs and identified lipid signaling through geranylgeranylation within the isoprenylation pathway regulates SERT in a cholesterol-independent manner.
Clozapine Combination and Augmentation Strategies in Patients With Schizophrenia -Recommendations From an International Expert Survey Among the Treatment Response and Resistance in Psychosis (TRRIP) Working Group.
Schizophrenia bulletin, 2020

Evidence for the management of inadequate clinical response to clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia is sparse. Accordingly, an international initiative was undertaken with the aim of developing consensus recommendations for treatment strategies for clozapine-refractory patients with schizophrenia.