rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
Target detection in healthy 4-week old piglets from a passive two-tone auditory oddball paradigm.
BMC neuroscience, 2020

Passive auditory oddball tests are effort independent assessments that evaluate auditory processing and are suitable for paediatric patient groups. Our goal was to develop a two-tone auditory oddball test protocol and use this clinical assessment in an immature large animal model. Event-related potentials captured middle latency P1, N1, and P2 responses in 4-week old (N = 16, female) piglets using a custom piglet 32- electrode array on 3 non-consecutive days. The effect of target tone frequency (250 Hz and 4000 Hz) on middle latency responses were tested in a subset of animals.
Gyorgy Buzsaki.
Neuron, 2016

In an interview with Neuron, György Buzsáki shares his thoughts on the balance of big-data gathering collaborations and discoveries driven by individual labs, the highlight of his career, and his strategy for understanding the brain from "within," by studying how internally generated patterns convert into action and eventually experience.
Quantifying Genetic and Environmental Influence on Gray Matter Microstructure Using Diffusion MRI.
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 2020

Early neuroimaging work in twin studies focused on studying genetic and environmental influence on gray matter macrostructure. However, it is also important to understand how gray matter microstructure is influenced by genes and environment to facilitate future investigations of their influence in mental disorders. Advanced diffusion MRI (dMRI) measures allow more accurate assessment of gray matter microstructure compared with conventional diffusion tensor measures. To understand genetic and environmental influence on gray matter, we used diffusion and structural MRI data from a large twin and sibling study (N = 840) and computed advanced dMRI measures including return to origin probability (RTOP), which is heavily weighted toward intracellular and intra-axonal restricted spaces, and mean squared displacement (MSD), more heavily weighted to diffusion in extracellular space and large cell bodies in gray matter. We show that while macrostructural features like brain volume are mainly genetically influenced, RTOP and MSD can together tap into both genetic and environmental influence on microstructure.
Computer-Assisted Learning Applications in Health Educational Informatics: A Review.
Cureus, 2017

Computer-assisted learning (CAL) as a health informatics application is a useful tool for medical students in the era of expansive knowledge bases and the increasing need for and the consumption of automated and interactive systems. As the scope and breadth of medical knowledge expand, the need for additional learning outside of lecture hours is becoming increasingly important. CAL can be an impactful adjunct to conventional methods that currently exist in the halls of learning. There is an increasing body of literature that suggests that CAL should be a commonplace and the recommended method of learning for medical students. Factors such as technical issues that hinder the performance of CAL are also evaluated. We conclude by encouraging the use of CAL by medical students as a highly beneficial method of learning that complements and enhances lectures and provides intuitive, interactive modulation of a self-paced curriculum based on the individual's academic abilities.
The neural and cognitive mechanisms of knowledge attribution: An EEG study.
Cognition, 2020

Despite the ubiquity of knowledge attribution in human social cognition, its associated neural and cognitive mechanisms are poorly documented. A wealth of converging evidence in cognitive neuroscience has identified independent perspective-taking and inhibitory processes for belief attribution, but the extent to which these processes are shared by knowledge attribution isn't presently understood. Here, we present the findings of an EEG study designed to directly address this shortcoming. These findings suggest that belief attribution is not a component process in knowledge attribution, contra a standard attitude taken by philosophers. Instead, observed differences in P3b amplitude indicate that knowledge attribution doesn't recruit the strong self-perspective inhibition characteristic of belief attribution. However, both belief and knowledge attribution were observed to display a late slow wave widely associated with mental state attribution, indicating that knowledge attribution also shares in more general processing of others' mental states. These results provide a new perspective both on how we think about knowledge attribution, as well as Theory of Mind processes generally.
Congenital trigeminal anaesthesia: a rare preventable cause of visual loss in children.
BMJ case reports, 2012

Congenital trigeminal anaesthesia (CTA) is a rare condition characterised by a congenital deficit involving all or part of the sensory component of the trigeminal nerve in children. It is a heterogeneous condition that can present in isolation or is associated with congenital abnormalities affecting the mesoderm, ectoderm and/or brainstem. The authors report a case of a 4-year-old girl who presented with reduced visual acuity, painless bilateral keratitis and painless non-healing lesions on the face, who was confirmed to have CTA on detailed neurophysiological investigations. She also had associated unilateral renal dysplasia and Duane syndrome. The authors also discuss an up-to-date review of the published cases of CTA in literature, the first of which was reported as early as 1984.
Haploinsufficiency as a disease mechanism in GNB1-associated neurodevelopmental disorder.
Molecular genetics & genomic medicine, 2020

GNB1 encodes a subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex that transduces intracellular signaling cascades. Disruptions to the gene have previously been shown to be embryonic lethal in knockout mice and to cause complex neurodevelopmental disorders in humans. To date, the majority of variants associated with disease in humans have been missense variants in exons 5-7.
Co-occurrence of chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: a case report.
Multiple sclerosis and related disorders, 2021

Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is a rare inflammatory disorder, mainly involving the brainstem. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a syndrome that affects the bilateral parietal-occipital region. Here, we describe a rare case of CLIPPERS with PRES. A 47-year-old woman presented with subacute, progressive ataxia symptoms, and radiological and pathological findings were consistent with CLIPPERS. In addition, she had acute convulsions and was unconscious, and brain magnetic resonance imaging fluid-attenuated inversion recovery showed patchy high-intensity posterior cerebral white matter signals, with imaging lesions showing vasogenic oedema, a typical manifestation of PRES. The imaging lesions showed vasogenic oedema in bilateral parietal and occipital lobes and typical 'pepper-like' punctate gadolinium enhancement in pons and bilateral cerebellar hemispheres, which were considered to be caused by merger of CLIPPERS and PRES. Clinical manifestations and imaging lesions disappeared after two months of steroids and symptomatic treatment, supporting the diagnosis of CLIPPERS with PRES. When patients with CLIPPERS show unusual symptoms or atypical vasogenic oedema lesions in the posterior cerebral white matter, the coexistence of PRES should be considered.
The effects of race-related stress on cortisol reactivity in the laboratory: implications of the Duke lacrosse scandal.
Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 2008

The experience of race-related stressors is associated with physiological stress responses. However, much is unknown still about the complex relationship between how race-related stressors are perceived and experienced and potential moderators such as strength of racial identity.
A central control circuit for encoding perceived food value.
Science advances, 2018

Hunger state can substantially alter the perceived value of a stimulus, even to the extent that the same sensory cue can trigger antagonistic behaviors. How the nervous system uses these graded perceptual shifts to select between opposed motor patterns remains enigmatic. Here, we challenged food-deprived and satiated
Stroke in the Middle-East and North Africa: A 2-year prospective observational study of intravenous thrombolysis treatment in the region. Results from the SITS-MENA Registry.
International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society, 2020

Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in the Middle-East and North African (MENA) countries is still confined to the main urban and university hospitals. This was a prospective observational study to examine outcomes of intravenous thrombolysis-treated stroke patients in the MENA region compared to the non-MENA stroke cohort in the SITS International Registry.
Quantitative in situ hybridization for the study of gene expression at the regional and cellular levels.
Current protocols in neuroscience, 2003

Quantitative in situ hybridization allows measurement of mRNA level modifications in a variety of experimental conditions. This analysis may be performed both at the regional anatomical and cellular levels by densitometry, neuronal counting and silver grain measurements.
The structural reorganization of the prefrontal cortex during adolescence as a framework for vulnerability to the environment.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2020

Adolescence is a time of increased vulnerability to developing substance use disorders. In part, this may be due to the wide array of neural changes occurring during this time, many of which can be altered by environmental stimuli including drugs. In this review, we will examine the evidence for neuroanatomical changes during adolescence in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), an important neural region involved in decision making and reward processing. Studies of humans and rodent models will be included with an emphasis on work from our lab using rats. Sex differences in neural changes will also be explored especially with regard to puberty and its timing. We will discuss these changes in the context of adolescent vulnerability, arguing that the brain is most influenced by experience (or lack thereof) when developmental processes are occurring.
Dysregulation, Catastrophic Reactions, and the Anxiety Disorders.
Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America, 2021

Normal developmental activities (eg, going to school, raising a hand in class, and managing typical life uncertainties) are 'triggers' for children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. To cope, children with anxiety avoid; however, when avoidance of developmentally appropriate activities is not possible, catastrophic responses can ensue. If these catastrophic reactions result in successful avoidance, they are likely to recur leading to a generalized pattern of dysregulated behavior. Interventions include treating anxiety disorder symptoms to remission. For parents the goal is to challenge their child to engage in important developmental activities, reward positive coping and avoid reinforcing avoidance behavior.
Patterns of Caffeine Use and Validation of Assessment in Psychiatric Population: An Implication in Primary Care Setting.
Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2020

Caffeine use and abuse is a concern among treatment seekers for psychological problems. This aspect has not been documented an Indian context as well as its relevance in primary care setting. The aim of the present study was to explore and compare the caffeine intake and prevalence in Indian psychiatric patients and healthy subjects.
[Use of tocilizumab, an antibody against interleukin-6 receptor, for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica].
Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo, 2014

Our lab has previously shown that Interleukin (IL)-6- dependent production of autoantibodies against aquaporin 4 in plasmablasts may play a central role in the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica (NMO). In this study, we explored the efficacy of tocilizumab, a humanized antibody against IL-6 receptor, in intractable cases of NMO. Eight NMO patients who were unresponsive to current treatments received monthly injections of tocilizumab for at least one year. Tocilizumab significantly reduced the annual relapse rate, neurogenic pain, and fatigue in NMO patients. These results indicate that IL-6 signaling plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of NMO and highlight the value of IL-6 receptor inhibition for the treatment of NMO.
Correction to: Impact of an electronic monitoring device and behavioural feedback on adherence to multiple sclerosis therapies in youth: results of a randomized trial.
Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 2018

The clinicaltrials.gov identifying number for the article titled "Impact of an electronic monitoring device and behavioral feedback on adherence to multiple sclerosis therapies in youth: results of a randomized trial" is NCT02234713 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02234713).
Neonatal neuroimaging and neurophysiology predict infantile onset epilepsy after perinatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
Seizure, 2020

To evaluate the accuracy of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) grade, and neonatal neurophysiological and neuroimaging measures for predicting development of infantile spasms syndrome (IS) or other postneonatal, infantile onset epilepsy after perinatal HIE.
Developmental characterization of Zswim5 expression in the progenitor domains and tangential migration pathways of cortical interneurons in the mouse forebrain.
The Journal of comparative neurology, 2020

GABAergic interneurons play an essential role in modulating cortical networks. The progenitor domains of cortical interneurons are localized in developing ventral forebrain, including the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE), caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE), preoptic area (POA), and preoptic hypothalamic border domain (POH). Here, we characterized the expression pattern of Zswim5, an MGE-enriched gene in the mouse forebrain. At E11.5-E13.5, prominent Zswim5 expression was detected in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of MGE, POA, and POH, but not CGE of ventral telencephalon where progenitors of cortical interneurons resided. At E15.5 and E17.5, Zswim5 expression remained in the MGE/pallidum primordium and ventral germinal zone. Zswim5 mRNA was markedly decreased after birth and was absent in the adult forebrain. Interestingly, the Zswim5 expression pattern resembled the tangential migration pathways of cortical interneurons. Zswim5-positive cells in the MGE appeared to migrate from the MGE through the SVZ of LGE to overlying neocortex. Indeed, Zswim5 was co-localized with Nkx2.1 and Lhx6, markers of progenitors and migratory cortical interneurons. Double labeling showed that Ascl1/Mash1-positive cells co-expressed Zswim5. Zswim5 expressing cells contained none or at most low levels of Ki67 but co-expressed Tuj1 in the SVZ of MGE. These results suggest that Zswim5 is immediately upregulated as progenitors exiting cell cycle become postmitotic. Given that recent studies have elucidated that the cell fate of cortical interneurons is determined shortly after becoming postmitotic, the timing of Zswim5 expression in early postmitotic interneurons suggests a potential role of Zswim5 in regulation of neurogenesis and tangential migration of cortical interneurons.
Autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy associated with a novel reelin mutation.
Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape, 2020

Reelin mutations are responsible for a minority of families with autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy. Here, we report a novel nuclear family with distinct clinical and neuroradiological findings. We studied the proband and her mother by means of EEG, video-EEG, 3T MRI, FDG-PET and genetic testing. Both patients had a focal drug-resistant epilepsy with onset at the age of 16 and focal seizures with typical auditory features combined with fear, followed by loss of contact or evolving to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures. The proband's ictal EEG showed clear left temporal seizure onset, and cerebral MRI revealed subtle left temporal changes (mild hypotrophy, slight blurring of the white and grey matter and hyperintensity) with corresponding left temporal mesial focal hypometabolism on FDG-PET. Genetic testing identified a missense variant, c.6631C>T (p.Arg2211Cys), in reelin repeat #5 in both patients, which markedly affected the secretion of the protein. The data from this family support previous findings indicating that reelin mutations are a cause of autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy which has a clinical spectrum that may also encompass drug-resistant epilepsy associated with mild MRI temporal changes.
DNN-assisted statistical analysis of a model of local cortical circuits.
Scientific reports, 2020

In neuroscience, computational modeling is an effective way to gain insight into cortical mechanisms, yet the construction and analysis of large-scale network models-not to mention the extraction of underlying principles-are themselves challenging tasks, due to the absence of suitable analytical tools and the prohibitive costs of systematic numerical exploration of high-dimensional parameter spaces. In this paper, we propose a data-driven approach assisted by deep neural networks (DNN). The idea is to first discover certain input-output relations, and then to leverage this information and the superior computation speeds of the well-trained DNN to guide parameter searches and to deduce theoretical understanding. To illustrate this novel approach, we used as a test case a medium-size network of integrate-and-fire neurons intended to model local cortical circuits. With the help of an accurate yet extremely efficient DNN surrogate, we revealed the statistics of model responses, providing a detailed picture of model behavior. The information obtained is both general and of a fundamental nature, with direct application to neuroscience. Our results suggest that the methodology proposed can be scaled up to larger and more complex biological networks when used in conjunction with other techniques of biological modeling.
Can Participation in a Community Organized Football Program Improve Social, Behavioural Functioning and Communication in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder? A Pilot Study.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2020

This pilot research investigated the effects of a community-based organized football program on behavioral, social and communicative outcomes in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. In a non-randomized design, 19 children completed the football program and were compared pre- and post-intervention with 21 children who received no comparable intervention (ages 5-12 years). Caregiver-report using the child behavior checklist indicated a significant decrease in total, internalizing, DSM-oriented anxiety and social problems for children who participated in the program, with no change in the comparison group. There were no group differences in socialization and communication scores on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior scale. Results provide preliminary evidence in support of the program, justifying the need for further, more rigorous trials in this area.
Augmenting aesthetic chills using a wearable prosthesis improves their downstream effects on reward and social cognition.
Scientific reports, 2020

Previous studies on aesthetic chills (i.e., psychogenic shivers) demonstrate their positive effects on stress, pleasure, and social cognition. We tested whether we could artificially enhance this emotion and its downstream effects by intervening on its somatic markers using wearable technology. We built a device generating cold and vibrotactile sensations down the spine of subjects in temporal conjunction with a chill-eliciting audiovisual stimulus, enhancing the somatosensation of cold underlying aesthetic chills. Results suggest that participants wearing the device experienced significantly more chills, and chills of greater intensity. Further, these subjects reported sharing the feelings expressed in the stimulus to a greater degree, and felt more pleasure during the experience. These preliminary results demonstrate that emotion prosthetics and somatosensory interfaces offer new possibilities of modulating human emotions from the bottom-up (body to mind). Future challenges will include testing the device on a larger sample and diversifying the type of stimuli to account for negatively valenced chills and intercultural differences. Interoceptive technologies offer a new paradigm for affective neuroscience, allowing controlled intervention on conscious feelings and their downstream effects on higher-order cognition.
Phospholipase A2 activation as a therapeutic approach for cognitive enhancement in early-stage Alzheimer disease.
Psychopharmacology, 2009

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly and has no known cure. Evidence suggests that reduced activity of specific subtypes of intracellular phospholipases A2 (cPLA2 and iPLA2) is an early event in AD and may contribute to memory impairment and neuropathology in the disease.
Arterial Supply to the Pituitary Gland: A Comprehensive Review.
World neurosurgery, 2020

Knowledge of the blood supply to the pituitary gland is important for clinicians and surgeons. Therefore, a good working knowledge of this anatomy is important. The goal of this article was to review current anatomic knowledge of the blood supply to the pituitary gland and its clinical relevance.
Age and sex-associated variation in the multi-site microbiome of an entire social group of free-ranging rhesus macaques.
Microbiome, 2021

An individual's microbiome changes over the course of its lifetime, especially during infancy, and again in old age. Confounding factors such as diet and healthcare make it difficult to disentangle the interactions between age, health, and microbial changes in humans. Animal models present an excellent opportunity to study age- and sex-linked variation in the microbiome, but captivity is known to influence animal microbial abundance and composition, while studies of free-ranging animals are typically limited to studies of the fecal microbiome using samples collected non-invasively. Here, we analyze a large dataset of oral, rectal, and genital swabs collected from 105 free-ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, aged 1 month-26 years), comprising one entire social group, from the island of Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico. We sequenced 16S V4 rRNA amplicons for all samples.
Effect of Device Configuration and Patient's Body Composition on the RF Heating and Nonsusceptibility Artifact of Deep Brain Stimulation Implants During MRI at 1.5T and 3T.
Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI, 2021

Patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS) implants have limited access to MRI due to safety concerns associated with RF-induced heating. Currently, MRI in these patients is allowed in 1.5T horizontal bore scanners utilizing pulse sequences with reduced power. However, the use of 3T MRI in such patients is increasingly reported based on limited safety assessments. Here we present the results of comprehensive RF heating measurements for two commercially available DBS systems during MRI at 1.5T and 3T.