rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
Olle Höök Lectureship 2019: The changing world of stroke rehabilitation.
Journal of rehabilitation medicine, 2020

The paper presents a summary of the Olle Höök lecture, which was presented at the Baltic North-Sea Forum in Oslo, Sweden, in October 2019. The paper aims to provide a worldwide picture of stroke, developments in this field, and the evolution of stroke rehabilitation. It sets out the background to, evidence for, and content of the comprehensive stroke unit. The paper also describes some rehabilitation techniques based on neurophysiology, the use of robotics, and the evidence level for interventions. Organization of the stroke care chain and different aspects of rehabilitation during its trajectory are described. However, the need for rehabilitation is often not met, due to restricted and unevenly distributed resources. With increasing knowledge of neurophysiology and evidence from meta-analyses, the content of stroke rehabilitation will continue to evolve.
Spatial statistics for gaze patterns in scene viewing: Effects of repeated viewing.
Journal of vision, 2019

Scene viewing is used to study attentional selection in complex but still controlled environments. One of the main observations on eye movements during scene viewing is the inhomogeneous distribution of fixation locations: While some parts of an image are fixated by almost all observers and are inspected repeatedly by the same observer, other image parts remain unfixated by observers even after long exploration intervals. Here, we apply spatial point process methods to investigate the relationship between pairs of fixations. More precisely, we use the pair correlation function, a powerful statistical tool, to evaluate dependencies between fixation locations along individual scanpaths. We demonstrate that aggregation of fixation locations within 4° is stronger than expected from chance. Furthermore, the pair correlation function reveals stronger aggregation of fixations when the same image is presented a second time. We use simulations of a dynamical model to show that a narrower spatial attentional span may explain differences in pair correlations between the first and the second inspection of the same image.
N-linked glycosylation of the mGlu7 receptor regulates the forward trafficking and transsynaptic interaction with Elfn1.
FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 2020

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGlu7) regulates neurotransmitter release at the presynaptic active zone in the mammalian brain. The regulation of mGlu7 trafficking into and out of the plasma membrane by binding proteins within the C-terminal region of mGlu7 governs the bidirectional synaptic plasticity. However, the functional importance of the extracellular domain of mGlu7 has not yet been characterized. N-glycosylation is an abundant posttranslational modification that plays crucial roles in protein folding and forward trafficking, but the role of N-glycosylation in mGlu7 function remains unknown. In this study, we find that mGlu7 is N-glycosylated at four asparagine residues in heterologous cells and rat cultured neurons. We demonstrate that N-glycosylation is essential for forward transport and surface expression of mGlu7. Deglycosylated mGlu7 is retained in the ER, obstructing expression on the cell surface, and is degraded through the autophagolysosomal degradation pathway. In addition, we identify the binding domain of mGlu7 to Elfn1, a transsynaptic adhesion protein. We find that N-glycosylation of mGlu7 promotes its interaction with Elfn1, thereby enabling proper localization and stable surface expression of mGlu7 at the presynaptic active zone. These findings provide evidence that N-glycans act to modulate the surface expression, stability, and function of mGlu7.
Hesperidin downregulates kinases lrrk2 and gsk3β in a 6-OHDA induced Parkinson's disease model.
Neuroscience letters, 2021

The depletion of dopamine in the striatum region and Lewy bodies are the hallmark characteristics of Parkinson's disease. The pathology also includes the upregulation of various Parkinson's disease (PARK) genes and kinases. Two such kinases, LRRK2 and GSK-3β have been directly implicated in the formation of tau and alpha-synuclein proteins, causing PD. Hesperidin (HES) is a flavanone glycoside that has multiple therapeutic benefits including neuroprotective effects. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effects of HES against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced-neurotoxicity in the in-vitro and in-vivo model. Hesperidin significantly protected the SH-SY5Y cells' stress against 6-OHDA induced toxicity by downregulating biomarkers of oxidative stress. Furthermore, HES downregulated the kinases lrrk2 and gsk3β along with casp3, casp9, and polg in the zebrafish model. The treatment with HES also improved the locomotor pattern of zebrafish that was affected by 6-OHDA. This study suggests that hesperidin could be a drug of choice in targeting kinases against a 6-OHDA model of PD.
Temporal Deployment of Attention by Mental Training: an fMRI Study.
Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience, 2020

In this study, we employed a visuo-motor imagery task of alertness as a mental training to examine temporal processing of motor responses within healthy young adults. Participants were divided into two groups (group 1; n = 20 who performed the mental training before the real physical task and a control group who performed the physical task without mental training). We vary the time interval between the imperative stimulus and the preceding one (fore-period) in which temporal preparation and arousal increase briefly. Our behavioural results provide clear evidence that mental training reinforces both temporal preparation and arousal, by shortening reaction time (RT), especially for the shortest fore-periods (FP) within exogenous "FP 250 ms" (p = 0.008) and endogenous alertness "FP 650 ms" (p = 0.001). We investigated how the brain controls such small temporal changes. We focus our neural hypothesis on three brain regions: anterior insula, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex and three putative circuits: one top-down (from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to anterior cingulate cortex) and two bottom-up (from anterior insula to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex). In fMRI, effective connectivity is strengthened during exogenous alertness between anterior insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (p = 0.001), between anterior insula and cingulate cortex (p = 0.01), and during endogenous alertness between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex (p = 0.05). We suggest that attentional reinforcement induced by an intensive and short session of mental training induces a temporal deployment of attention and allow optimizing the time pressure by maintaining a high state of arousal and ameliorating temporal preparation.
On Intersectionality: How Complex Patterns of Discrimination Can Emerge From Simple Stereotypes.
Psychological science, 2020

Patterns of discrimination are often complex (i.e., multiplicative), with different identities combining to yield especially potent discrimination. For example, Black men are disproportionately stopped by police to a degree that cannot be explained by the simple (i.e., additive) effects of being Black and being male. Researchers often posit corresponding mental representations (e.g., intersectional stereotypes for Black men) to account for these complex outcomes. We suggest that complex discrimination can be explained by simple stereotypes combined with threshold models of behavior-for example, "if someone's threat level seems higher than
Using Data Assimilation for Quantitative Electroencephalography Analysis.
Brain sciences, 2020

We propose a method based on the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) together with quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) coherence and power spectrum analysis for evaluating changes in brain activity associated with cognitive processes. Such analysis framework has been widely used in the context of data assimilation (DA) in areas such as geosciences, meteorology, and aerospace. However, the use of this approach is less common in neurosciences. In our case, EnKF highlights the spectral contribution of brain signals that are more likely (according to their coherence analysis) to be related to the cognitive process of interest. The power enhancement, due to the cognitive activity, is later validated in the power spectrum analysis by comparing through statistical tests relevant frequency content in two datasets in which assessing the development of cognitive abilities is of interest: the process of getting concentrated and of learning a new skill. Our results show that our DA-based methodology can highlight important frequency characteristics of the electroencephalogram (EEG) data that have been related to different cognitive processes. Hence, our proposal has the potential to understand of neurocognitive phenomena that is tracked through QEEG.
Searching for glycomic biomarkers for predicting resilience and vulnerability in a rat model of posttraumatic stress disorder.
Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2020

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is triggered by traumatic events in 10-20% of exposed subjects. N-linked glycosylation, by modifying protein functions, may provide an important environmental link predicting vulnerability. Our goals were (1) to find alterations in plasma N-glycome predicting stress-vulnerability; (2) to investigate how trauma affects N-glycome in the plasma (PGP) and in three PTSD-related brain regions (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala; BGP), hence, uncover specific targets for PTSD treatment. We examined male (1) controls, (2) traumatized vulnerable and (3) traumatized resilient rats both before and several weeks after electric footshock. Vulnerable and resilient groups were separated by
The Cardioprotective Effects of Aminoguanidine on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Inflammation in Rats.
Cardiovascular toxicology, 2020

Myocardial dysfunction, a major component of sepsis-induced multiorgan failure, contributes to the production of massive amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Nitric oxide (NO) is known to act as a precursor of free radicals in inflammation. This research was conducted to assess the effect of aminoguanidine (AG) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced heart injury. 50 male rats were categorized into five groups (n = 10): (1) control, (2) LPS, (3) LPS-AG50, (4) LPS-AG100, and (5) LPS-AG150. LPS (1 mg/kg) was injected for 5 weeks, and AG (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) was injected 30 min prior to LPS administration. All drugs were injected intraperitoneally. LPS-evolved cardiovascular toxicity was indicated by the augmentation in the level of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, interleukin (IL)-6 and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as reduced contents of total thiol groups, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum, heart, and aortic tissues. In AG treated groups, noxious effects of LPS were not observed in the serum and harvested tissues. AG reduced MDA, NO metabolites, and IL- 6 and increased total thiol, CAT, and SOD activity in the heart, aorta and serum. As an inhibitor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), AG further reduced LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, hence considered as cardioprotective.
I'm a believer: Illusory self-generated touch elicits sensory attenuation and somatosensory evoked potentials similar to the real self-touch.
NeuroImage, 2021

Sensory attenuation (i.e., the phenomenon whereby self-produced sensations are perceived as less intense compared to externally occurring ones) is among the neurocognitive processes that help distinguishing ourselves from others. It is thought to be rooted in the motor system (e.g., related to motor intention and prediction), while the role of body awareness, which necessarily accompanies any voluntary movement, in this phenomenon is largely unknown. To fill this gap, here we compared the perceived intensity, somatosensory evoked potentials, and alpha-band desynchronization for self-generated, other-generated, and embodied-fake-hand-generated somatosensory stimuli. We showed that sensory attenuation triggered by the own hand and by the embodied fake hand had the same behavioral and neurophysiological signatures (reduced subjective intensity, reduced of N140 and P200 SEP components and post-stimulus alpha-band desynchronization). Therefore, signals subserving body ownership influenced attenuation of somatosensory stimuli, possibly in a postdictive manner. This indicates that body ownership is crucial for distinguishing the source of the perceived sensations.
Neuroimaging in primary lateral sclerosis.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis & frontotemporal degeneration, 2020

Increased interest in the underlying pathogenesis of primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) and its relationship to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has corresponded to a growing number of CNS imaging studies, especially in the past decade. Both its rarity and uncertainty of definite diagnosis prior to 4 years from symptom onset have resulted in PLS being less studied than ALS. In this review, we highlight most relevant papers applying magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and positron emission tomography (PET) to analyzing CNS changes in PLS, often in relation to ALS. In patients with PLS, mostly brain, but also spinal cord has been evaluated since significant neurodegeneration is essentially restricted to upper motor neuron (UMN) structures and related pathways. Abnormalities of cortex and subcortical white matter tracts have been identified by structural and functional MRI and MRS studies, while metabolic and cell-specific changes in PLS brain have been revealed using various PET radiotracers. Future neuroimaging studies will continue to explore the interface between the PLS-ALS continuum, identify more changes unique to PLS, apply novel MRI and MRS sequences showing greater structural and neurochemical detail, as well as expand the repertoire of PET radiotracers that reveal various cellular pathologies. Neuroimaging has the potential to play an important role in the evaluation of novel therapies for patients with PLS.
Assessing within-trial and across-trial neural variability in macaque frontal eye fields and their relation to behaviour.
The European journal of neuroscience, 2020

The conventional approach to understanding neural responses underlying complex computations is to study across-trial averages of repeatedly performed computations from single neurons. When neurons perform complex computations, such as processing stimulus-related information or movement planning, it has been repeatedly shown, through measures such as the Fano factor (FF), that neural variability across trials decreases. However, multiple neurons contribute to a common computation on a single trial, rather than a single neuron contributing to a computation across multiple trials. Therefore, at the level of a single trial, the concept of FF loses significance. Here, using a combination of simulations and empirical data, we show that changes in the spiking regularity on single trials produce changes in FF. Further, at the behavioural level, the reaction time of the animal was faster when the neural spiking regularity both within and across trials was lower. Taken together, our results provide further constraints on how changes in spiking statistics help neurons optimally encode visual and saccade-related information across multiple timescales and its implication on behaviour.
Two sources of information in reconstructing event sequence.
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition, 2018

Reconstructing memory for sequences is a complex process, likely involving multiple sources of information. In 3 experiments, we examined the source(s) of information that might underlie the ability to accurately place an event within a temporal context. The task was to estimate, after studying each list, the temporal position of a single test word within that list. In the first 2 experiments, we demonstrated that memory for temporal location was better following semantic encoding than silent reading of the list, which in turn was better than orthographic encoding of the list. Although other measures of sequence retention have revealed impaired memory for order with greater item-level encoding, these experiments demonstrated that item-level encoding improved memory for temporal-location. A 3rd experiment extended these findings by measuring interitem associations in addition to item memory, demonstrating that memory for temporal location within a list was more closely related to item information than to interitem relational information. It is now clear that reconstructing an event sequence can involve at least 2 distinct sources of information-both item and relational encoding can play important roles, depending on the nature of the test for order. (PsycINFO Database Record
Genes and acute neurologic disease and injury: a primer for the neurologic intensive care nurse.
Critical care nursing clinics of North America, 2008

The genetics revolution has not evaded the neuroscience community. Neurologic diseases and injuries, particularly of the type seen in neurologic intensive care units, are difficult to treat and often have poor prognoses. Recent work has begun to identify genotype-specific influences on development and treatment of multiple sclerosis and stroke. Additionally, responses to diseases and injuries to the brain and spinal cord have genetic influences. This article informs nurses working with neurologically impaired patients in the intensive care unit of specific genes involved in patient response and potential future therapeutics.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte and Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Bipolar Disorder.
Brain sciences, 2021

Several inflammatory hypotheses have been suggested to explain the etiopathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD) and its different phases. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR) ratios have been proposed as potential peripheral biomarkers of mood episodes.
Can endolysosomal deacidification and inhibition of autophagy prevent severe COVID-19?
Life sciences, 2020

The possibility is examined that immunomodulatory pharmacotherapy may be clinically useful in managing the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), known to result from infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. The dominant route of cell entry of the coronavirus is via phagocytosis, with ensconcement in endosomes thereafter proceeding via the endosomal pathway, involving transfer from early (EEs) to late endosomes (LEs) and ultimately into lysosomes via endolysosomal fusion. EE to LE transportation is a rate-limiting step for coronaviruses. Hence inhibition or dysregulation of endosomal trafficking could potentially inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication. Furthermore, the acidic luminal pH of the endolysosomal system is critical for the activity of numerous pH-sensitive hydrolytic enzymes. Golgi sub-compartments and Golgi-derived secretory vesicles also depend on being mildly acidic for optimal function and structure. Activation of endosomal toll-like receptors by viral RNA can upregulate inflammatory mediators and contribute to a systemic inflammatory cytokine storm, associated with a worsened clinical outcome in COVID-19. Such endosomal toll-like receptors could be inhibited by the use of pharmacological agents which increase endosomal pH, thereby reducing the activity of acid-dependent endosomal proteases required for their activity and/or assembly, leading to suppression of antigen-presenting cell activity, decreased autoantibody secretion, decreased nuclear factor-kappa B activity and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production. It is also noteworthy that SARS-CoV-2 inhibits autophagy, predisposing infected cells to apoptosis. It is therefore also suggested that further pharmacological inhibition of autophagy might encourage the apoptotic clearance of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells.
AXIAL ROTATION VITRECTOMY: Back to the Future? the Fluidics of a Prototype Vitreous Cutter Probe.
Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2016

To characterize the fluidics of axial rotating vitreous cutter probe (RT) compared with the standard guillotine (regular blade), when tested in Balanced Salt Solution (Alcon Laboratories, Forth Worth, TX).
How gait influences frailty models and health-related outcomes in clinical-based and population-based studies: a systematic review.
Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2021

Aging is often associated with a decline in physical function that eventually leads to loss of autonomy in activities of daily living (ADL). Walking is a very common ADL, important for main determinants of quality of life in older age, and it requires the integration of many physiological systems. Gait speed has been described as the 'sixth vital sign' because it is a core indicator of health and function in aging and disease. We reviewed original studies up to June 2020 that assessed frailty in both longitudinal and cross-sectional observational studies, paying particular attention to how gait is measured in older population and how the gait parameter adopted may influence the estimated frailty models and the health-related outcomes of the various studies (i.e. clinical, cognitive, physical, and nutritional outcomes). Eighty-five studies met the search strategy and were included in the present systematic review. According to the frailty tools, more than 60% of the studies used the physical phenotype model proposed by Fried and colleagues, while one-third referred to multi-domain indexes or models and only 5% referred to other single-domain frailty models (social or cognitive). The great heterogeneity observed in gait measurements and protocols limited the possibility to directly compare the results of the studies and it could represent an important issue causing variability in the different outcome measures in both clinical-and population-based settings. Gait appeared to be an indicator of health and function also in frail older adults, and different gait parameters appeared to predict adverse health-related outcomes in clinical, cognitive, and physical domains and, to a lesser extent, in nutritional domain. Gait has the potential to elucidate the common basic mechanisms of cognitive and motor decline. Advances in technology may extend the validity of gait in different clinical settings also in frail older adults, and technology-based assessment should be encouraged. Combining various gait parameters may enhance frailty prediction and classification of different frailty phenotypes.