rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
Canadian Association of Radiologists White Paper on De-Identification of Medical Imaging: Part 1, General Principles.
Canadian Association of Radiologists journal = Journal l'Association canadienne des radiologistes, 2021

The application of big data, radiomics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in radiology requires access to large data sets containing personal health information. Because machine learning projects often require collaboration between different sites or data transfer to a third party, precautions are required to safeguard patient privacy. Safety measures are required to prevent inadvertent access to and transfer of identifiable information. The Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) is the national voice of radiology committed to promoting the highest standards in patient-centered imaging, lifelong learning, and research. The CAR has created an AI Ethical and Legal standing committee with the mandate to guide the medical imaging community in terms of best practices in data management, access to health care data, de-identification, and accountability practices. Part 1 of this article will inform CAR members on principles of de-identification, pseudonymization, encryption, direct and indirect identifiers, k-anonymization, risks of reidentification, implementations, data set release models, and validation of AI algorithms, with a view to developing appropriate standards to safeguard patient information effectively.
Alertness Training Improves Spatial Bias and Functional Ability in Spatial Neglect.
Annals of neurology, 2020

We conducted a multisite, randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of a digital health intervention targeting the intrinsic regulation of goal-directed alertness in patients with chronic hemispatial neglect.
Role of 5-HT1A and 5-HT3 receptors in serotonergic activation of sensory neurons in relation to itch and pain behavior in the rat.
Journal of neuroscience research, 2020

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) released by platelets, mast cells, and immunocytes is a potent inflammatory mediator which modulates pain and itch sensing in the peripheral nervous system. The serotonergic receptors expressed by primary afferent neurons involved in these sensory functions are not fully identified and appear to be to a large extent species dependent. Moreover, the mechanisms through which 5-HT receptor activation is coupled to changes in neuronal excitability have not been completely revealed. Using a combination of in vitro (calcium and voltage imaging and patch-clamp) and in vivo behavioral methods, we used both male and female Wistar rats to provide evidence for the involvement of two 5-HT receptor subtypes, 5-HT1A and 5-HT3, in mediating the sustained and transient effects, respectively, of 5-HT on rat primary afferent neurons involved in pain and itch processing. In addition, our results are consistent with a model in which sustained serotonergic responses triggered via the 5-HT1A receptor are due to closure of background potassium channels, followed by membrane depolarization and action potentials, during which the activation of voltage-gated calcium channels leads to calcium entry. Our results may provide a better understanding of mammalian serotonergic itch signaling.
Vision: Face-Centered Representations in the Brain.
Current biology : CB, 2020

A longstanding debate in the face recognition field concerns the format of face representations in the brain. New face research clarifies some of this mystery by revealing a face-centered format in a patient with a left splenium lesion of the corpus callosum who perceives the right side of faces as 'melted'.
Rescue of respiratory failure in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis due to pathogenic MARS1 variants.
Pediatric pulmonology, 2020

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a heterogeneous condition with more than 100 different underlying disorders that need to be differentiated to target therapeutic options, which are generally limited.
Ultrasonic actuation of a fine-needle improves biopsy yield.
Scientific reports, 2021

Despite the ubiquitous use over the past 150 years, the functions of the current medical needle are facilitated only by mechanical shear and cutting by the needle tip, i.e. the lancet. In this study, we demonstrate how nonlinear ultrasonics (NLU) extends the functionality of the medical needle far beyond its present capability. The NLU actions were found to be localized to the proximity of the needle tip, the SonoLancet, but the effects extend to several millimeters from the physical needle boundary. The observed nonlinear phenomena, transient cavitation, fluid streams, translation of micro- and nanoparticles and atomization, were quantitatively characterized. In the fine-needle biopsy application, the SonoLancet contributed to obtaining tissue cores with an increase in tissue yield by 3-6× in different tissue types compared to conventional needle biopsy technique using the same 21G needle. In conclusion, the SonoLancet could be of interest to several other medical applications, including drug or gene delivery, cell modulation, and minimally invasive surgical procedures.
Endoscopic Posterior Approach for Cervicothoracic and Upper Thoracic Foraminotomies: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.
Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.), 2021

Lower cervical and cervicothoracic radiculopathies can be challenging to treat through an anterior approach in patients with short-statured necks. With unilateral pathology, a posterior foraminotomy affords preservation of motion and avoids risks to anterior structures; yet, traditional open or even tubular retractor-based open systems are associated with postoperative muscle pain. Endoscopic approaches reduce muscle retraction and resection and are associated with shorter recovery time. This video demonstrates the endoscopic technique for performing cervicothoracic and thoracic foraminotomies. We present the case of a patient with severe left-hand weakness, particularly in grasp and hand intrinsic muscles. The differential diagnosis included a combined median and ulnar neuropathy, lower trunk plexopathy, medial cord plexopathy, thoracic outlet syndrome, and combined C8 and T1 radiculopathies. Imaging did not show brachial plexus pathology; instead, severe foraminal narrowing at the C8 and T1 roots was noted. We performed a fully endoscopic approach to decompress 2 levels of foraminal stenosis on the left side. Because the levels were adjacent, we operated through a single incision. Recovery of motor-evoked potentials to the abductor pollicis brevis was identified intraoperatively. The patient consented to the procedure and publication.
Corrective biology: psychosomatics in and as neuropsychoanalysis.
Medical humanities, 2019

This article analyses how and with what consequences body-mind relations (the sphere of the psychosomatic) are being modelled in the 21st century through considering the interdiscipline of neuropsychoanalysis. The promise of the term psychosomatic lies in its efforts to rework standard, bifurcated models of mind and body: somatic acts are simultaneously psychic acts. But neuropsychoanalysis, as it brings the neurosciences and psychoanalysis together to model an embodied 'MindBrain', ends up evacuating another potent characteristic found in much of the psychosomatic tradition-its refusal to adjudicate, a priori, what counts as the adaptive or well-regulated subject. The psychosomatic problem in psychoanalysis profoundly disturbs everyday models of functionality, adaptation and agency, by positing the psyche as an 'other' of the physiological within the physiological. By contrast, neuropsychoanalysis ends up parsing too easily the healthy from the pathological body, such that it is only the latter that is subject to forces that work against self-preservation and self-regulation. In so doing, neuropsychoanalysis recasts the radical problematic that the psychosomatic installed for psychoanalysis in the direction of a corrective biology. This corrective biology is given form in two ways: (1) through translating the Freudian drive-that unruly and foundational concept which addresses the difficult articulation of soma and psyche-into a series of Basic Emotion Systems modelled by the affective neuroscientist Jaak Panksepp and (2) through resituating and quarantining the troubling, non-adaptive aspects of the Freudian psyche within the domain of addiction. That easy separation between the healthy and the pathological is all too often found in current descriptions of healthcare and patient encounters. The article refuses it and calls for the revivification of other ways of thinking about how human subjects-psychosomatic organisms-find ways to live, and to die.
Obesity strongly predicts clinically undetected multiple lymph node metastases in intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer patients who underwent robot assisted radical prostatectomy and extended lymph node dissection.
International urology and nephrology, 2020

To evaluate the association between obesity and risk of multiple lymph node metastases in prostate cancer (PCa) patients with clinically localized EAU intermediate and high-risk classes staged by extended pelvic lymph-node dissection (ePLND) during robot assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).
NeuroDevNet: A Canada Network of Centres of Excellence--to realize a vision by effective operations and collaborative mechanisms.
Seminars in pediatric neurology, 2011

The management structure of NeuroDevNet is a key feature of this collaborative enterprise. To a large extent this structure is prescribed by the funding agency, the Network of Centres of Excellence, but its operability is critically dependent on key elements such as an engaged Board of Directors and complementary activities of the Scientific and Executive Directors. The support of the Projects and Cores by the NeuroDevNet administrative team is geared toward building a network mentality. NeuroDevNet has a lean administrative staff that works with the Board and its research members to reach out to involve care-givers, families and children, policy makers and other researchers. By this means we hope to build a progressive and sustainable organization that helps support efforts toward improved outcomes in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Aged heterozygous Cdkl5 mutant mice exhibit spontaneous epileptic spasms.
Experimental neurology, 2020

CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by early-onset epilepsy, severe intellectual disability, cortical visual impairment and motor disabilities. Epilepsy is a central feature of CDD, with most patients having intractable seizures, but seizure frequency and severity can vary. Clinical reports demonstrate a diversity in seizure semiology and electrographic features, with no pattern diagnostic of CDD. Although animal models of CDD have shown evidence of hyperexcitability, spontaneous seizures have not been previously reported. Here, we present the first systematic study of spontaneous seizures in mouse models of CDD. Epileptic spasms, the most frequent and persistent seizure type in CDD patients, were recapitulated in two mouse models of CDD carrying heterozygous mutations, Cdkl5
Task-based functional connectivity in aging: How task and connectivity methodology affect discovery of age effects.
Brain and behavior, 2021

Past studies have found that healthy aging has a significant effect on the organization and function of networks in the human brain. Many of these studies have examined how functional connectivity during one task or at rest is affected by aging; however, few studies have systematically examined how the effect of age on functional connectivity may vary as a function of choice of in-scanner task.
Tacrolimus for Treating Orbital and Cranial Form of Idiopathic Inflammatory Pseudotumors.
Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea), 2020

Orbital and cranial form of idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumors (IIPs) are rare disorders with heterogeneous clinical presentations. Corticosteroids have been the first-line treatment for IIPs, but they are not always effective.
Group acceptance and commitment therapy for patients and caregivers in psychosis services: Feasibility of training and a preliminary randomized controlled evaluation.
The British journal of clinical psychology, 2020

Psychological interventions reduce the impact of psychosis, but widescale implementation is problematic. We tested the feasibility of group acceptance and commitment therapy for Psychosis (G-ACTp), delivered by frontline staff, and co-facilitated by service-user experts-by-experience (SU-EbyE), for service-users and informal caregivers (ISRCTN: 68540929). We estimated recruitment/retention rates and outcome variability for future evaluation.
Pathogenic tau-induced piRNA depletion promotes neuronal death through transposable element dysregulation in neurodegenerative tauopathies.
Nature neuroscience, 2018

Transposable elements, known colloquially as 'jumping genes', constitute approximately 45% of the human genome. Cells utilize epigenetic defenses to limit transposable element jumping, including formation of silencing heterochromatin and generation of piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small RNAs that facilitate clearance of transposable element transcripts. Here we utilize Drosophila melanogaster and postmortem human brain samples to identify transposable element dysregulation as a key mediator of neuronal death in tauopathies, a group of neurodegenerative disorders that are pathologically characterized by deposits of tau protein in the brain. Mechanistically, we find that heterochromatin decondensation and reduction of piwi and piRNAs drive transposable element dysregulation in tauopathy. We further report a significant increase in transcripts of the endogenous retrovirus class of transposable elements in human Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy, suggesting that transposable element dysregulation is conserved in human tauopathy. Taken together, our data identify heterochromatin decondensation, piwi and piRNA depletion and consequent transposable element dysregulation as a pharmacologically targetable, mechanistic driver of neurodegeneration in tauopathy.
Does having one or more smoking friends mediate the transition from e-cigarette use to cigarette smoking: a longitudinal study of Canadian youth.
Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2021

Studies have shown consistent associations between youth e-cigarette use and subsequent smoking uptake. However, it remains unclear why, as limited evidence exists regarding the mechanisms underlying these associations. Our study investigated whether having one or more smoking friends mediated the association between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking onset among a longitudinal sample of Canadian youth who were never smokers at baseline.
Pathological Functions of LRRK2 in Parkinson's Disease.
Cells, 2020

Mutations in the gene encoding leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are common genetic risk factors for both familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). Pathogenic mutations in LRRK2 have been shown to induce changes in its activity, and abnormal increase in LRRK2 kinase activity is thought to contribute to PD pathology. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying LRRK2-associated PD pathology are far from clear, however the identification of LRRK2 substrates and the elucidation of cellular pathways involved suggest a role of LRRK2 in microtubule dynamics, vesicular trafficking, and synaptic transmission. Moreover, LRRK2 is associated with pathologies of α-synuclein, a major component of Lewy bodies (LBs). Evidence from various cellular and animal models supports a role of LRRK2 in the regulation of aggregation and propagation of α-synuclein. Here, we summarize our current understanding of how pathogenic mutations dysregulate LRRK2 and discuss the possible mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration.
Risk Assessment of Patients After ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction by Killip Classification: An Institutional Experience.
Cureus, 2020

Introduction The Killip classification system was introduced for clinical assessment of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). It stratifies individuals according to the severity of their post-MI heart failure. This system provides effective stratification of long-term and short-term outcomes in patients with acute MI and influences the treatment strategies. Revalidation of Killip class in our local population is mandatory. We planned this study to increase cardiologist's readiness to tackle the risks associated with increased mortality in each class post ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI). Objectives were to determine the frequency of Killip classes I, II, III, and IV and in-hospital mortality in each Killip class in patients with left ventricular failure secondary to STEMI. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, over a period of three years. Patients with STEMI were stratified using Killip classification, and validation was performed by determining the within 15 days in-hospital mortality in each Killip class. Results The frequency (percentage) of patients with STEMI in each Killip class from I to IV was 395 (81.4%), 46 (9.5%), 27 (5.6%), and 17 (3.5%), respectively, while the in-hospital mortality in each Killip class came out to be 39 (9.9%), 4 (8.7%), 25 (92.6%) and 17 (100%), respectively. The presence of diabetes, history of smoking, and body mass index (BMI) of more than 30 kg/m
Stability in Personality After Physical Trauma.
Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association, 2021

Personality trait stability may be influenced by several factors, there among different life events such as psychological trauma. However, little is known regarding trait stability after physical trauma. Therefore, our primary aim was to assess the extent of stability in personality in burn patients during the first year after injury. Eighty-four burn patients, admitted to a national burn center, were assessed with the Swedish universities Scales of Personality during acute care and 12 months postburn. Personality domain scores remained stable between acute care and 12 months postburn. On the trait level, the only change was seen in personality trait Stress Susceptibility, where burn patients' scores were lower compared with norm scores during acute care but then increased, and normalized, at 12 months postburn. To conclude, personality scores remained relatively stable during the first year after burn trauma.
A Novel Visualization Method for Sleep Spindles Based on Source Localization of High Density EEG.
Experimental neurobiology, 2017

Equivalent dipole source localization is a well-established approach to localizing the electrical activity in electroencephalogram (EEG). So far, source localization has been used primarily in localizing the epileptic source in human epileptic patients. Currently, source localization techniques have been applied to account for localizing epileptic source among the epileptic patients. Here, we present the first application of source localization in the field of sleep spindle in mouse brain. The spatial distribution of cortical potential was obtained by high density EEG and then the anterior and posterior sleep spindles were classified based on the K-mean clustering algorithm. To solve the forward problem, a realistic geometry brain model was produced based on boundary element method (BEM) using mouse MRI. Then, we applied four different source estimation algorithms (minimum norm, eLORETA, sLORETA, and LORETA) to estimate the spatial location of equivalent dipole source of sleep spindles. The estimated sources of anterior and posterior spindles were plotted in a cine-mode that revealed different topographic patterns of spindle propagation. The characterization of sleep spindles may be better be distinguished by our novel visualization method.
Intermediary metabolism: An intricate network at the crossroads of cell fate and function.
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease, 2020

Intermediary metabolism is traditionally viewed as the large, highly integrated network of reactions that provides cells with metabolic energy, reducing power and biosynthetic intermediates. The elucidation of its major pathways and molecular mechanisms of energy transduction occupied some of the brightest scientific minds for almost two centuries. When these goals were achieved, a sense that intermediary metabolism was mostly a solved problem pervaded the broader biochemical community, and the field lost its vitality. However, intermediary metabolism has recently been re-energized by several paradigm-shifting discoveries that challenged its perception as a self-contained system and re-positioned it at the crossroads of all aspects of cell function, from cell growth, proliferation and death to epigenetics and immunity. Emphasis is now increasingly placed on the involvement of metabolic dysfunction in human disease. In this review, we will navigate from the dawn of intermediary metabolism research to present day work on this ever-expanding field.
Evasion of Innate Immunity Contributes to Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression and Metastasis.
Cancer research, 2021

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a pulmonary neuroendocrine cancer with very poor prognosis and limited effective therapeutic options. Most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages, and the exact reason for the aggressive and metastatic phenotype of SCLC is completely unknown. Despite a high tumor mutational burden, responses to immune checkpoint blockade are minimal in patients with SCLC. This may reflect defects in immune surveillance. Here we illustrate that evading natural killer (NK) surveillance contributes to SCLC aggressiveness and metastasis, primarily through loss of NK-cell recognition of these tumors by reduction of NK-activating ligands (NKG2DL). SCLC primary tumors expressed very low level of NKG2DL mRNA and SCLC lines express little to no surface NKG2DL at the protein level. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing showed NKG2DL loci in SCLC are inaccessible compared with NSCLC, with few H3K27Ac signals. Restoring NKG2DL in preclinical models suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in an NK cell-dependent manner. Likewise, histone deacetylase inhibitor treatment induced NKG2DL expression and led to tumor suppression by inducing infiltration and activation of NK and T cells. Among all the common tumor types, SCLC and neuroblastoma were the lowest NKG2DL-expressing tumors, highlighting a lineage dependency of this phenotype. In conclusion, these data show that epigenetic silencing of NKG2DL results in a lack of stimulatory signals to engage and activate NK cells, highlighting the underlying immune avoidance of SCLC and neuroblastoma. SIGNIFICANCE: This study discovers in SCLC and neuroblastoma impairment of an inherent mechanism of recognition of tumor cells by innate immunity and proposes that this mechanism can be reactivated to promote immune surveillance.