rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
[The Severe Chronic Irritability Concept: A clinical dimension to consider in child and adolescent].
L'Encephale, 2017

For a decade, the concept of irritability has known a renewed interest in infant and child psychopathology. Indeed, longitudinal follow-up studies clearly highlighted their predictive value - in the short, medium and long terms - of a broad field of behavioral disorders and emotion dysregulation. This dimensional and transnosographic approach of irritability, coupled with the latest neuroscience data, points out that irritability could be the equivalent of a psychopathological marker, covering both a neurobiological, cognitive and emotional component. It is a major challenge today to better understand the developmental sequence of severe chronic irritability and its predictive influence on the etiology of mental disorders from childhood to adulthood.
Calcium Channel-Dependent Induction of Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity at Excitatory Golgi Cell Synapses of Cerebellum.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2021

Golgi cells, together with granule cells and mossy fibers, form a neuronal microcircuit regulating information transfer at the cerebellum input stage. Despite theoretical predictions, little was known about long-term synaptic plasticity at Golgi cell synapses. Here, we have used whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and calcium imaging to investigate long-term synaptic plasticity at excitatory synapses impinging on Golgi cells. In acute mouse cerebellar slices, mossy fiber theta-burst stimulation (TBS) could induce either long-term potentiation (LTP) or long-term depression (LTD) at mossy fiber-Golgi cell and granule cell-Golgi cell synapses. This synaptic plasticity showed a peculiar voltage dependence, with LTD or LTP being favored when TBS induction occurred at depolarized or hyperpolarized potentials, respectively. LTP required, in addition to NMDA channels, activation of T-type Ca
An atomic Boltzmann machine capable of self-adaption.
Nature nanotechnology, 2021

The quest to implement machine learning algorithms in hardware has focused on combining various materials, each mimicking a computational primitive, to create device functionality. Ultimately, these piecewise approaches limit functionality and efficiency, while complicating scaling and on-chip learning, necessitating new approaches linking physical phenomena to machine learning models. Here, we create an atomic spin system that emulates a Boltzmann machine directly in the orbital dynamics of one well-defined material system. Utilizing the concept of orbital memory based on individual cobalt atoms on black phosphorus, we fabricate the prerequisite tuneable multi-well energy landscape by gating patterned atomic ensembles using scanning tunnelling microscopy. Exploiting the anisotropic behaviour of black phosphorus, we realize plasticity with multi-valued and interlinking synapses that lead to tuneable probability distributions. Furthermore, we observe an autonomous reorganization of the synaptic weights in response to external electrical stimuli, which evolves at a different time scale compared to neural dynamics. This self-adaptive architecture paves the way for autonomous learning directly in atomic-scale machine learning hardware.
Hybrid Social Cognitive Models, Meta-Consciousness, and representations.
Cognitive neuroscience, 2011

Abstract Hybrid social cognitive models, based not only on simulation, are desirable, especially in complex scenarios. It is unclear, however, which neural systems support non simulative processes. Furthermore, the proposal that consciousness is a form of representation of attention, while novel, relies on a traditional concept of representation. Recent ﬁndings suggest an ontological priority of representations, where the representation and the thing being represented are not distinct at all.
Gut microbiome in Schizophrenia: Altered functional pathways related to immune modulation and atherosclerotic risk.
Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2021

Emerging evidence has linked the gut microbiome changes to schizophrenia. However, there has been limited research into the functional pathways by which the gut microbiota contributes to the phenotype of persons with chronic schizophrenia. We characterized the composition and functional potential of the gut microbiota in 48 individuals with chronic schizophrenia and 48 matched (sequencing plate, age, sex, BMI, and antibiotic use) non-psychiatric comparison subjects (NCs) using 16S rRNA sequencing. Patients with schizophrenia demonstrated significant beta-diversity differences in microbial composition and predicted genetic functional potential compared to NCs. Alpha-diversity of taxa and functional pathways were not different between groups. Random forests analyses revealed that the microbiome predicts differentiation of patients with schizophrenia from NCs using taxa (75% accuracy) and functional profiles (67% accuracy for KEGG orthologs, 70% for MetaCyc pathways). We utilized a new compositionally-aware method incorporating reference frames to identify differentially abundant microbes and pathways, which revealed that Lachnospiraceae is associated with schizophrenia. Functional pathways related to trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase and Kdo
Physician Compensation in the United States - Through the Lens of the MS Neurologist.
Multiple sclerosis and related disorders, 2021

To explore the elements that are typically considered when determining physician compensation in the United States and to examine if the compensation of neurologists with expertise in multiple sclerosis (MS) care is commensurate with that for other neurological specialists and medical specialists that also employ complex therapies, e.g., oncology.
Psychiatric drug discovery on the couch.
Nature reviews. Drug discovery, 2007

The past two decades have been a barren time for the discovery of novel drugs for psychiatric disorders, in particular those that could revolutionize disease treatment. In our first 'Viewpoint' article this month, we present the opinions of experts from across the field of neuroscience on how the effectiveness of psychiatric drug discovery could be enhanced.
Architecting Discovery: A Model for How Engineers Can Help Invent Tools for Neuroscience.
Neuron, 2019

How can engineers help invent tools for neuroscience? We here explore a model for how engineers can choose problems and map out possible technologies that help address them. We also discuss design principles of tools and the role of failure.
Turning up the Green Light.
Trends in cell biology, 2021

Fluorescent proteins (FPs) have become indispensable tools in biological research for labeling cells and proteins and sensing their biochemical activity. By introducing 'folding mutations', Campbell et al. engineered a new GFP variant with dramatically enhanced cellular brightness and stability, facilitating advanced cellular bioimaging applications in neuroscience and beyond.
[Research progress about different levels of cognitive recession using resting state functional connectivity network methods].
Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi, 2017

Normal brain aging and a serious of neurodegenerative diseases may lead to decline in memory, attention and executive ability and poorer quality of life. The mechanism of the decline is not clear now and is still a hot issue in the fields of neuroscience and medicine. A large number of researches showed that resting state functional brain networks based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are sensitive and susceptive to the change of cognitive function. In this paper, the researches of brain functional connectivity based on resting fMRI in recent years were compared, and the results of subjects with different levels of cognitive decline including normal brain aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) were reviewed. And the changes of brain functional networks under three different levels of cognitive decline are introduced in this paper, which will provide the basis for the detection of normal brain aging and clinical diseases.
Cerebellar ataxia and exercise intolerance in Erdheim-Chester disease.
Cerebellum & ataxias, 2021

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), a rare disorder of monocyte/macrophage lineage, has been related to cerebellar dysfunction. To increase the awareness of this rare, protean disease, an unusual, myasthenia-like onset of ECD is reported.
Trunk, head and pelvis interactions in healthy children when performing seated daily arm tasks.
Experimental brain research, 2018

Development of trunk and head supportive devices for children with neuromuscular disorders requires detailed information about pelvis, trunk and head movement in interaction with upper extremity movement, as these are crucial for daily activities when seated in a wheelchair. Twenty-five healthy subjects (6-20 years old) were included to obtain insight in the physiological interactions between these segments and to assess maturation effects. Subjects performed a maximum range of trunk and head movement tasks and several daily tasks, including forward and lateral reaching. Movements of the arms, head, pelvis, and sub-sections of the trunk were recorded with an optical motion capture system. The range of motion of each segment was calculated. Contributions of individual trunk segments to the range of trunk motion varied with movement direction and therefore with the task performed. Movement of pelvis and all trunk segments in the sagittal plane increased significantly with reaching height, distance and object weight when reaching forward and lateral. Trunk movement in reaching decreased with age. Head movement was opposite to trunk movement in the sagittal (> 50% of the subjects) and transverse planes (> 75% of the subjects) and was variable in the frontal plane in most tasks. Both trunk and head movement onsets were earlier compared to arm movement onset. These results provide insight in the role of the upper body in arm tasks in young subjects and can be used for the design of trunk and head supportive devices for children with neuromuscular disorders.
Sleep Disturbances in Young Adults with Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury: Relationship with Fatigue, Depression, and Quality of Life.
Brain injury, 2020

This study assessed the consequences of childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) on sleep, fatigue, depression, and quality of life (QoL) outcomes and explored the relationships between these variables at 20 years following childhood TBI.
Assessment of Extent and Role of Tau in Subcortical Vascular Cognitive Impairment Using 18F-AV1451 Positron Emission Tomography Imaging.
JAMA neurology, 2018

Amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), which occasionally coexist, are the most common causes of cognitive impairments in older people. However, whether tau is observed in patients with subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI), as well as its associations with Aβ and CSVD, are not yet established. More importantly, the role of tau underlying cognitive impairments in SVCI is unknown.
Effects of Rifaximin on Luminal and Wall-Adhered Gut Commensal Microbiota in Mice.
International journal of molecular sciences, 2021

Rifaximin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that ameliorates symptomatology in inflammatory/functional gastrointestinal disorders. We assessed changes in gut commensal microbiota (GCM) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) associated to rifaximin treatment in mice. Adult C57BL/6NCrl mice were treated (7/14 days) with rifaximin (50/150 mg/mouse/day, PO). Luminal and wall-adhered ceco-colonic GCM were characterized by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and microbial profiles determined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Colonic expression of TLR2/3/4/5/7 and immune-related markers was assessed (RT-qPCR). Regardless the period of treatment or the dose, rifaximin did not alter total bacterial counts or bacterial biodiversity. Only a modest increase in
Prevalence, management, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections in older people and those with dementia in mental health wards in London, UK: a retrospective observational study.
The lancet. Psychiatry, 2020

People living in group situations or with dementia are more vulnerable to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Older people and those with multimorbidity have higher mortality if they become infected than the general population. However, no systematic study exists of COVID-19-related outcomes in older inpatients in psychiatric units, who comprise people from these high-risk groups. We aimed to describe the period prevalence, demographics, symptoms (and asymptomatic cases), management, and survival outcomes of COVID-19 in the older inpatient psychiatric population and people with young-onset dementia in five National Health Service Trusts in London, UK, from March 1 to April 30, 2020.
Effects of isoflurane on arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and phrenic nerve discharge in the decerebrate rat.
The International journal of neuroscience, 2021

The potent inhalational anesthetic isoflurane has widespread use in experimental investigations. Intratracheal administration of the agent attenuates breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, and baroreflex control of heart rate. Concurrent effects of potent inhalational anesthetics on hemodynamic waves and neural respiratory output have yet to be systematically interrogated.
Cardiac Arrest Risk During Acute Infections: Systemic Inflammation Directly Prolongs QTc Interval via Cytokine-Mediated Effects on Potassium Channel Expression.
Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology, 2020

During acute infections, the risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias is increased, partly because of a higher propensity to develop QTc prolongation. Although it is generally believed that QTc changes almost exclusively result from concomitant treatment with QT-prolonging antimicrobials, direct effects of inflammatory cytokines on ventricular repolarization are increasingly recognized. We hypothesized that systemic inflammation per se can significantly prolong QTc during acute infections, via cytokine-mediated changes in K
Allostatic load and the cannabinoid system: implications for the treatment of physiological abnormalities in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
CNS spectrums, 2020

It is becoming clear that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is not simply a psychiatric disorder, but one that involves pervasive physiological impairments as well. These physiological disturbances deserve attention in any attempt at integrative treatment of PTSD that requires a focus beyond the PTSD symptoms themselves. The physiological disturbances in PTSD range over many systems, but a common thread thought to underlie them is that the chronic effects of PTSD involve problems with allostatic control mechanisms that result in an excess in what has been termed "allostatic load" (AL). A pharmacological approach to reducing AL would be valuable, but, because of the large range of physiological issues involved - including metabolic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular systems - it is unclear whether there exists a simple comprehensive way to address the AL landscape. In this paper, we propose that the cannabinoid system may offer just such an approach, and we outline evidence for the potential utility of cannabinoids in reducing many of the chronic physiological abnormalities seen in PTSD which are thought to be related to excess AL.
Eliminating Visual Acuity and Dilated Fundus Examinations Improves Cost Efficiency of Performing Optical Coherence Tomogrpahy-Guided Intravitreal Injections.
American journal of ophthalmology, 2020

The clinic efficiency and cost savings achieved by eliminating formal visual acuity (VA) and dilated fundus examinations (DFEs) were assessed for established patients receiving optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided intravitreal injections.
Education Research: Challenges Faced by Neurology Trainees in a Neuro-Intervention Career Track.
Neurology, 2021

The widespread adoption of endovascular therapy (EVT) for emergent large vessel occlusion has led to increased nationwide demand for neurointerventionalists, heightened interest among neurology residents to pursue neurointervention as a career, and increased importance of neurointervention exposure for all neurologists who care for patients with acute ischemic stroke. Exposure to neurointervention and its career path are not well-defined for neurology trainees.
Metabolic predictors for mortality among patients treated with long-term clozapine - A longitudinal study.
European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2020

Clozapine is the only antipsychotic compound indicated for refractory-schizophrenia. However, it is associated with emergent metabolic dysregulation and cardiovascular risk which may lead to mortality. In this study we aimed to explore predictors for mortality in a large cohort of schizophrenia patients treated with long-term clozapine, using the electronic medical records of the largest health care provider in Israel. Among 27,929 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, 1817 were prescribed clozapine during the years 2012-2014. We compared patients who survived (n=1705) and patients who died (n=112) during the 3-year follow-up period. Socio-demographic background, cardiovascular morbidity, medication prescriptions and health-care utilization were compared between groups. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association of variables with survival. Chronic hypertension was found to be the only metabolic factor associated with significant hazard ratio (HR) for mortality (HR: 1.55 95% CI: 1.03-2.34). Moreover, those who died had more prevalent ischemic heart disease (14% vs 3%, p<0.005) as well as more frequent hospitalizations (0.01±0.02 vs 0.11±0.18 average per month, p<0.005), for longer periods (2.22±9.87 vs 20.38±33.76 days per month, p<0.005). Among those who died, less patients received prescriptions of statins for hyperlipidemia (13.7% vs. 52.9% in survivors, p<0.005) and hypoglycemics for diabetes mellitus (16.3% vs. 67.1% in survivors, p<0.005). Inadequate treatment of metabolic syndrome, under chronic clozapine treatment, was found to be an independent predictor for mortality. Adequate rigorous regimen for diagnosis and treatment of metabolic risk factors, especially hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus, might lower complications rate and prolong life expectancy among this population.
Cognitive remediation therapy for schizophrenia: what is it and does it work?
Irish journal of psychological medicine, 2011

Impaired cognition is a core feature of schizophrenia (SZ) that precedes, accompanies, and often outlasts a patient's clinical symptoms. The success of new generation antipsychotics, as well as their failure to ameliorate the persistent disabilities associated with the disorder are well documented. Consequently, a number of psychosocial and cognitive interventions have been developed to address specific aspects of disability not adequately alleviated by medication. Among these, interventions adapted from the acquired brain literature that target cognitively based disability (cognitive remediation therapy; CRT) have received significant empirical support both for ameliorating specific deficits in memory, attention and executive function, and improving real world outcome. CRT strategies have focused either on providing drill-based training aimed at increasing capacity or providing behavioural strategies for compensating for cognitive deficits, or a mixture of both. Nonetheless, these interventions have varied widely and several questions remain. This review provides a brief overview of cognitive remediation therapies in psychosis, discusses evidence for its success, and outlines a number of questions that remain about its implementation. Given the current unavailability of cognitive remediation as part of standard care in Irish mental health services, we conclude by describing one such intervention developed within our clinical research group and the questions we hope to address in making this programme more widely available to Irish patients.
Human adaptation to hypoxia in critical illness.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 2020

The syndrome of critical illness is a complex physiological stressor that can be triggered by diverse pathologies. It is widely believed that organ dysfunction and death result from bioenergetic failure caused by inadequate cellular oxygen supply. Teleologically, life has evolved to survive in the face of stressors by undergoing a suite of adaptive changes. Adaptation not only comprises alterations in systemic physiology but also involves molecular reprogramming within cells. The concept of cellular adaptation in critically ill patients is a matter of contention in part because medical interventions mask underlying physiology, creating the artificial construct of "chronic critical illness," without which death would be imminent. Thus far, the intensive care armamentarium has not targeted cellular metabolism to preserve a temporary equilibrium but instead attempts to normalize global oxygen and substrate delivery. Here, we review adaptations to hypoxia that have been demonstrated in cellular models and in human conditions associated with hypoxia, including the hypobaric hypoxia of high altitude, the intrauterine low-oxygen environment, and adult myocardial hibernation. Common features include upregulation of glycolytic ATP production, enhancement of respiratory efficiency, downregulation of mitochondrial density, and suppression of energy-consuming processes. We argue that these innate cellular adaptations to hypoxia represent potential avenues for intervention that have thus far remained untapped by intensive care medicine.
Long short-term memory-based neural decoding of object categories evoked by natural images.
Human brain mapping, 2020

Visual perceptual decoding is one of the important and challenging topics in cognitive neuroscience. Building a mapping model between visual response signals and visual contents is the key point of decoding. Most previous studies used peak response signals to decode object categories. However, brain activities measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging are a dynamic process with time dependence, so peak signals cannot fully represent the whole process, which may affect the performance of decoding. Here, we propose a decoding model based on long short-term memory (LSTM) network to decode five object categories from multitime response signals evoked by natural images. Experimental results show that the average decoding accuracy using the multitime (2-6 s) response signals is 0.540 from the five subjects, which is significantly higher than that using the peak ones (6 s; accuracy: 0.492; p < .05). In addition, from the perspective of different durations, methods and visual areas, the decoding performances of the five object categories are deeply and comprehensively explored. The analysis of different durations and decoding methods reveals that the LSTM-based decoding model with sequence simulation ability can fit the time dependence of the multitime visual response signals to achieve higher decoding performance. The comparative analysis of different visual areas demonstrates that the higher visual cortex (VC) contains more semantic category information needed for visual perceptual decoding than lower VC.