rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
Plasma phosphorylated tau181 and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.
Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2021

We examined if plasma phosphorylated tau is associated with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. We investigated 372 cognitively unimpaired participants, 554 mild cognitive impairment patients, and 141 Alzheimer's disease dementia patients. Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, regional cortical thickness (using magnetic resonance imaging) and hypometabolism (using fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography) were measured longitudinally. High plasma tau was associated with hypometabolism and cortical atrophy at baseline and over time, and longitudinally increased tau was associated with accelerated atrophy, but these associations were only observed in Aβ-positive participants. Plasma phosphorylated tau may identify and track processes linked to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.
Stress-induced changes in modular organizations of human brain functional networks.
Neurobiology of stress, 2020

Humans inevitably go through various stressful events, which initiates a chain of neuroendocrine reactions that may affect brain functions and lead to psychopathological symptoms. Previous studies have shown stress-induced changes in activation of individual brain regions or pairwise inter-regional connectivity. However, it remains unclear how large-scale brain network is reconfigured in response to stress. Using a within-subjects design, we combined the Trier Social Stress Test and graph theoretical method to characterize stress-induced topological alterations of brain functional network. Modularity analysis revealed that the brain network can be divided into frontoparietal, default mode, occipital, subcortical, and central-opercular modules under control and stress conditions, corresponding to several well-known functional systems underpinning cognitive control, self-referential mental processing, visual, salience processing, sensory and motor functions. While the frontoparietal module functioned as a connector module under stress, its within-module connectivity was weakened. The default mode module lost its connector function and its within-module connectivity was enhanced under stress. Moreover, stress altered the capacity to control over information flow in a few regions important for salience processing and self-referential metal processing. Furthermore, there was a trend of negative correlation between modularity and stress response magnitude. These findings demonstrate that acute stress prompts large-scale brain-wide reconfiguration involving multiple functional modules.
Customizing microarrays for neuroscience drug discovery.
Expert opinion on drug discovery, 2007

Microarray-based gene profiling has become the centerpiece of gene expression studies in the biological sciences. The ability to now interrogate the entire genome using a single chip demonstrates the progress in technology and instrumentation that has been made over the last two decades. Although this unbiased approach provides researchers with an immense quantity of data, obtaining meaningful insight is not possible without intensive data analysis and processing. Custom developed arrays have emerged as a viable and attractive alternative that can take advantage of this robust technology and tailor it to suit the needs and requirements of individual investigations. The ability to simplify data analysis, reduce noise and carefully optimize experimental conditions makes it a suitable tool that can be effectively utilized in neuroscience drug discovery efforts. Furthermore, incorporating recent advancements in fine focusing gene profiling to include specific cellular phenotypes can help resolve the complex cellular heterogeneity of the brain. This review surveys the use of microarray technology in neuroscience paying special attention to customized arrays and their potential in drug discovery. Novel applications of microarrays and ancillary techniques, such as laser microdissection, FAC sorting and RNA amplification, have also been discussed. The notion that a hypothesis-driven approach can be integrated into drug development programs is highlighted.
Neural mechanisms of visual sensitive periods in humans.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2021

Sensitive periods in brain development are phases of enhanced susceptibility to experience. Here we discuss research from human and non-human neuroscience studies which have demonstrated a) differences in the way infants vs. adults learn; b) how the brain adapts to atypical conditions, in particular a congenital vs. a late onset blindness (sensitive periods for atypical brain development); and c) the extent to which neural systems are capable of acquiring a typical brain organization after sight restoration following a congenital vs. late phase of pattern vision deprivation (sensitive periods for typical brain development). By integrating these three lines of research, we propose neural mechanisms characteristic of sensitive periods vs. adult neuroplasticity and learning.
Diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein in dementia with Lewy body.
Geriatrie et psychologie neuropsychiatrie du vieillissement, 2018

Dementia with Lewy body (DLB) is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD), accounting for 15% to 20% of neuropathologically defined cases. Two-thirds of the patients affected are not or misdiagnosed. In this review, we evaluate the discriminatory power of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alpha-synuclein by focusing more specifically on differential diagnosis between DLB and AD. Alpha-synuclein assay in the CSF has an interest in the discrimination between DLB and AD but not in segregation between DLB and healthy elderly subjects. The development of biomarkers such as phospho-alpha-synuclein and oligomeric alpha-synuclein should help to reinforce this discrimination power.
Dynamic Uni- and Multicellular Patterns Encode Biphasic Activity in Pancreatic Islets.
Diabetes, 2021

Biphasic secretion is an autonomous feature of many endocrine micro-organs to fulfill physiological demands. The biphasic activity of islet β-cells maintains glucose homeostasis and is altered in type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, underlying cellular or multicellular functional organizations are only partially understood. High-resolution noninvasive multielectrode array recordings permit simultaneous analysis of recruitment, of single-cell, and of coupling activity within entire islets in long-time experiments. Using this unbiased approach, we addressed the organizational modes of both first and second phase in mouse and human islets under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Our data provide a new uni- and multicellular model of islet β-cell activation: during the first phase, small but highly active β-cell clusters are dominant, whereas during the second phase, electrical coupling generates large functional clusters via multicellular slow potentials to favor an economic sustained activity. Postprandial levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 favor coupling only in the second phase, whereas aging and glucotoxicity alter coupled activity in both phases. In summary, biphasic activity is encoded upstream of vesicle pools at the micro-organ level by multicellular electrical signals and their dynamic synchronization between β-cells. The profound alteration of the electrical organization of islets in pathophysiological conditions may contribute to functional deficits in type 2 diabetes.
The Ups and Downs of Firing Rate Homeostasis.
Neuron, 2021

Torrado Pacheco et al. demonstrate that downward firing rate homeostasis occurs when cellular activity levels increase beyond baseline, but only during sleep-dense periods. In contrast, Hebbian-facilitated changes in firing rate occur independently of sleep and wake states.
Pituitary Apoplexy and Cerebral Infarction: Case Report and Literature Review.
World neurosurgery, 2020

Pituitary apoplexy is defined as a sudden neurologic deficit owing to infarction or hemorrhage within the pituitary gland. We report a rare case of apoplexy manifesting with cerebral infarction due to direct compression of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and review the literature.
Thymus-derived B cell clones persist in the circulation after thymectomy in myasthenia gravis.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular, autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies that target postsynaptic proteins, primarily the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and inhibit signaling at the neuromuscular junction. The majority of patients under 50 y with AChR autoantibody MG have thymic lymphofollicular hyperplasia. The MG thymus is a reservoir of plasma cells that secrete disease-causing AChR autoantibodies and although thymectomy improves clinical scores, many patients fail to achieve complete stable remission without additional immunosuppressive treatments. We speculate that thymus-associated B cells and plasma cells persist in the circulation after thymectomy and that their persistence could explain incomplete responses to resection. We studied patients enrolled in a randomized clinical trial and used complementary modalities of B cell repertoire sequencing to characterize the thymus B cell repertoire and identify B cell clones that resided in the thymus and circulation before and 12 mo after thymectomy. Thymus-associated B cell clones were detected in the circulation by both mRNA-based and genomic DNA-based sequencing. These antigen-experienced B cells persisted in the circulation after thymectomy. Many circulating thymus-associated B cell clones were inferred to have originated and initially matured in the thymus before emigration from the thymus to the circulation. The persistence of thymus-associated B cells correlated with less favorable changes in clinical symptom measures, steroid dose required to manage symptoms, and marginal changes in AChR autoantibody titer. This investigation indicates that the diminished clinical response to thymectomy is related to persistent circulating thymus-associated B cell clones.
Ginsenoside Rg1 prevent and treat inflammatory diseases: A review.
International immunopharmacology, 2020

Ginseng has been used as reinforcing drugs or for traditional Chinese medicine in aging, inflammation, stress, diabetes mellitus, hepatic diseases and cancer. The aim of this current review is to provide an integrative overview of the uses, relative human diseases and related mechanisms of ginseng. Nowadays, numerous animal experiments and clinical studies conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of ginseng components. Inflammation is an immune response that protects human from pathogens, toxins and other dangers, which is initiated by recognizing pathogen- or danger- associated molecular patterns. Inflammasomes are cytosolic protein complexes which form in response to challenges, which also controls the activity of caspase-1, important for maturation and release of cytokines. Ice protease-activating factor, oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 1 and absent in melanoma 2 inflammasome recognize peculiar substances, while NLRP3 inflammasome responds towards structurally and chemically diverse triggers. The functional relationship between ginsenosides and inflammasome provides new insight into the understanding of molecular mechanisms of ginsenoside-mediated anti-inflammatory actions. It also has applications regarding the development of anti-inflammatory remedies by ginsenoside-mediated targeting inflammasomes, which could prevent and treat inflammatory diseases.
Commentary: Hoarseness in pellagra.
Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, 2011

Pellagra is the clinical manifestation of niacin deficiency. The classical manifestations of pellagra include diarrhea, dementia, and dermatitis, but not all patients with pellagra present with all three manifestations. In this issue of the Journal of Clinical Neuroscience Hiraga et al. present an interesting patient with pellagra who has laryngitis and hoarseness. Clinicians should remain alert for both the common and uncommon clinical manifestations of pellagra.
Power and spectral Doppler ultrasound in suspected active sacroiliitis: a comparison with magnetic resonance imaging as gold standard.
Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2021

The objectives of this study were to study with Power Doppler US (PDUS) the SI joints (SIJs) of patients with suspected active sacroiliitis, to describe SIJ flows with spectral wave analysis (SWA) on Doppler US, and to correlate US data with both clinical characteristics and presence of SIJ bone marrow oedema (BME) in subsequent MRI.
Combination of syringaresinol-di-O-β-D-glucoside and chlorogenic acid shows behavioral pharmacological anxiolytic activity and activation of hippocampal BDNF-TrkB signaling.
Scientific reports, 2020

Mental stress, such as anxiety and conflict, causes physiological changes such as dysregulation of autonomic nervous activity, depression, and gastric ulcers. It also induces glucocorticoid production and changes in hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. We previously reported that Acanthopanax senticosus HARMS (ASH) exhibited anxiolytic activity. Thus, we attempted to identify the anxiolytic constituents of ASH and investigated its influence on hippocampal BDNF protein expression in male Sprague Dawley rats administered chlorogenic acid (CHA), ( +)-syringaresinol-di-O-β-D-glucoside (SYG), or a mixture of both (Mix) for 1 week using the open field test (OFT) and improved elevated beam walking (IEBW) test. As with ASH and the benzodiazepine anxiolytic cloxazolam (CLO), Mix treatment significantly increased locomotor activity in the OFT. CHA and Mix increased the time spent in the open arm in the IEBW test. SYG and Mix treatment inhibited the significant increase in normalized low-frequency power, indicative of sympathetic nervous activity, and significant decrease in normalized high-frequency power, indicative of parasympathetic nervous activity, as observed in the IEBW test. SYG and Mix treatment significantly increased hippocampal BDNF protein expression. The combination of CHA and SYG possibly induces anxiolytic behavior and modulates autonomic regulation, activates hippocampal BDNF signaling as with ASH.
External modulation of the sustained attention network in traumatic brain injury.
Neuropsychology, 2018

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with impairments in processing speed as well as higher-level cognitive functions that depend on distributed neural networks, such as regulating and sustaining attention. Although exogenous alerting cues have been shown to support patients in sustaining attentive, goal-directed behavior, the neural correlates of this rehabilitative effect are unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of moderate to severe TBI on activity and functional connectivity in the well-documented right-lateralized frontal-subcortical-parietal sustained attention network, and to assess the effects of alerting cues.
Measuring and modeling whole-brain neural dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Current opinion in neurobiology, 2020

The compact nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans makes it a powerful playground to study how neural dynamics constrained by neuroanatomy generate neural function and behavior. The ability to record neural activity from the whole brain simultaneously in this worm has opened several research avenues and is providing insights into brain-wide neural coding of locomotion, sleep, and other behaviors. We review these findings and the development of new methods, including new microscopes, new genetic tools, and new modeling approaches. We conclude with a discussion of the role of theory in interpreting or driving new experiments in C. elegans and potential paths forward.
Improved Characterization of Diffusion in Normal and Cancerous Prostate Tissue Through Optimization of Multicompartmental Signal Models.
Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI, 2021

Multicompartmental modeling outperforms conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the assessment of prostate cancer. Optimized multicompartmental models could further improve the detection and characterization of prostate cancer.
Visuomotor control of walking in Parkinson's disease: Exploring possible links between conscious movement processing and freezing of gait.
Behavioural brain research, 2020

Changes in visual attention have been argued to influence freezing of gait (FOG) in people with Parkinson's Disease (PD). However, the specific visual search patterns of people with FOG pathology (PD + FOG) and potential underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The current study explored visual search behavior in PD + FOG while walking on a pathway featuring environmental features known to exacerbate FOG (e.g., narrow doorway and tripping hazards). Potential underpinning attentional mechanisms were also assessed, such as conscious movement processing.
Interrogating autonomic peripheral nervous system neurons with viruses - A literature review.
Journal of neuroscience methods, 2020

How rich functionality emerges from the rather invariant structural architecture of the peripheral autonomic nervous system remains one of the major mysteries in neuroscience. The high incidence of patients with neural circuit-related autonomic nervous system diseases highlights the importance of fundamental research, among others with neurotracing methods, into autonomic neuron functionality. Due to the emergence of neurotropic virus-based tracing techniques in recent years the access to neuronal connectivity in the peripheral autonomic nervous system has greatly been improved. This review is devoted to the anatomical distribution of neural circuits in the periphery of the autonomous nervous system and to the interaction between the autonomic nervous system and vital peripheral organs or tissues. The experimental evidence available at present has greatly expanded our understanding of autonomic peripheral nervous system neurons.
Outcome Features Analysis in Intramedullary Tumors of the Cervicomedullary Junction: A Surgical Series.
Journal of neurological surgery. Part A, Central European neurosurgery, 2021

 The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of surgery for different cervicomedullary lesions on symptomatic pattern expression and postoperative outcome. We focused on specific outcome features of the early and late postoperative assessments. The former relies on surgery-related transient and permanent morbidity and feasibility of radicality in eloquent areas, whereas the latter on long-term course in lower grade tumors and benign tumorlike lesions (cavernomas, etc.).
Binocular rivalry reveals a dissociation between the subjective experience and induced gamma oscillations.
The European journal of neuroscience, 2008

Binocular rivalry occurs when separate incompatible images are presented, one to each eye. The subjective experience of viewing these stimuli is not of a fused image, rather the perceiver experiences either one or the other percept alternating across time. Manipulation of rivalry transfer, through an abrupt focal contrast change, causes the emerging percept to radiate across the declining image. This spreading percept transition has been likened to a wave of neural excitation propagating across the excitable medium of the visual cortex [H.R. Wilson et al. (2001) Nature, 412, 907-910; S.H. Lee et al. (2005) Nat. Neurosci., 8, 22-23]. Electrophysiologically, scalp-recorded gamma oscillations (30-70 Hz) have been reported to persist for several hundred milliseconds in response to changes in the subjective experience induced by alterations in incoming sensory information (moving-bar stimuli). Here, we used electroencephalographic recordings in the human and binocular rivalry transition to assess the role of scalp-recorded gamma in purely subjective changes in the visual experience. Despite the protraction of perceptual binding over a 900 ms period, no deviation in the pattern of induced gamma was observed from that reported during the perceptual closure of static images. These results suggest that localized scalp-recorded gamma oscillations are dissociable from the subjective visual experience.
Reduced expression of the glucocorticoid receptor in the hippocampus of patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy and comorbid depression.
Epilepsia, 2020

Depressive disorders are common among about 50% of the patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The underlying etiology remains elusive, but hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation due to changes in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) protein expression could play an important role. Therefore, we set out to investigate expression of the GR in the hippocampus, an important brain region for HPA axis feedback, of patients with drug-resistant TLE, with and without comorbid depression.
Revascularization of Remaining Branch of Aorta in Advanced Takayasu Arteritis Protects Against Wide Range of Perfusion.
World neurosurgery, 2019

Stroke is a major factor of morbidity in the patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA). Restenosis is more common with endovascular intervention than after bypass surgery, but vascular anastomosis is difficult due to calcification involving the whole thickness of the arterial wall in the burned-out stage of TA. We report a case of advanced TA in which endovascular treatment of the left subclavian artery improved cerebral blood flow (CBF) over a wide range of perfusion in the posterior and anterior circulation.
The ins and outs of hippocampal circuits.
Neuron, 2008

The anatomy of the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit suggests how spatial information may flow into and out of the CA1 region. In this issue of Neuron, two groups use in vivo physiology to make predictions about the circuit mechanisms involved in the encoding and maintenance of spatial memory. Brun et al. show that lesions of the cells providing direct input from the mEC to CA1 lead to a decrease in spatial tuning, while Cheng and Frank report that the exploration of novel space leads to a transient increase in the temporally correlated firing of pairs of CA1 cells outside of their place fields specifically during ripple-like high-frequency events in the local field potential.