rudyvdbrink/CitationDatabase huggingface dataset:
Different mechanisms underlie implicit visual statistical learning in honey bees and humans.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020

The ability of developing complex internal representations of the environment is considered a crucial antecedent to the emergence of humans' higher cognitive functions. Yet it is an open question whether there is any fundamental difference in how humans and other good visual learner species naturally encode aspects of novel visual scenes. Using the same modified visual statistical learning paradigm and multielement stimuli, we investigated how human adults and honey bees (
Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder symptoms and suicidal ideation among college students: A structural equation modeling approach.
Journal of affective disorders, 2021

Suicidal ideation (SI) among college students is frequently reported. However, the mediating roles of depressive and anxiety symptoms between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and SI has yet to be explored among college students.
The Key to Individualized Addiction Treatment is Comprehensive Assessment and Monitoring of Symptoms and Behavioral Change.
Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2015

Modern health services now strive for individualized treatment. This approach has been enabled by the increase in knowledge derived from neuroscience and genomics. Substance use disorders are no exception to individualized treatment even though there are no gene-specific medications yet available. What is available is the ability to quickly and precisely assess and monitor biopsychosocial variables known to vary during addiction recovery and which place addicts at increased risk of relapse. Monitoring a broad spectrum of biopsychosocial health enables providers to address diverse genome-specific changes that might trigger withdrawal from treatment or recovery relapse in time to prevent that from occurring. This paper describes modern measurement tools contained in the NIH Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and the NIH Toolbox and suggests how they might be applied to support recovery from alcohol and other substance use disorders in both pharmacological and abstinence-oriented modalities of care.
Increased Recruitment of Domain-General Neural Networks in Language Processing Following Intensive Language-Action Therapy: fMRI Evidence From People With Chronic Aphasia.
American journal of speech-language pathology, 2021

Purpose This study aimed to provide novel insights into the neural correlates of language improvement following intensive language-action therapy (ILAT; also known as constraint-induced aphasia therapy). Method Sixteen people with chronic aphasia underwent clinical aphasia assessment (Aachen Aphasia Test [AAT]), as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), both administered before (T1) and after ILAT (T2). The fMRI task included passive reading of single written words, with hashmark strings as visual baseline. Results Behavioral results indicated significant improvements of AAT scores across therapy, and fMRI results showed T2-T1 blood oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal change in the left precuneus to be modulated by the degree of AAT score increase. Subsequent region-of-interest analysis of this precuneus cluster confirmed a positive correlation of T2-T1 BOLD signal change and improvement on the clinical aphasia test. Similarly, the entire default mode network revealed a positive correlation between T2-T1 BOLD signal change and clinical language improvement. Conclusion These results are consistent with a more efficient recruitment of domain-general neural networks in language processing, including those involved in attentional control, following aphasia therapy with ILAT. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12765755.
Large-Scale Structural Covariance Networks Predict Age in Middle-to-Late Adulthood: A Novel Brain Aging Biomarker.
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 2020

The aging process is accompanied by changes in the brain's cortex at many levels. There is growing interest in summarizing these complex brain-aging profiles into a single, quantitative index that could serve as a biomarker both for characterizing individual brain health and for identifying neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Using a large-scale structural covariance network (SCN)-based framework with machine learning algorithms, we demonstrate this framework's ability to predict individual brain age in a large sample of middle-to-late age adults, and highlight its clinical specificity for several disease populations from a network perspective. A proposed estimator with 40 SCNs could predict individual brain age, balancing between model complexity and prediction accuracy. Notably, we found that the most significant SCN for predicting brain age included the caudate nucleus, putamen, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellar regions. Furthermore, our data indicate a larger brain age disparity in patients with schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease than in healthy controls, while this metric did not differ significantly in patients with major depressive disorder. These findings provide empirical evidence supporting the estimation of brain age from a brain network perspective, and demonstrate the clinical feasibility of evaluating neurological diseases hypothesized to be associated with accelerated brain aging.
Assessing rabies-free status of Andaman, Nicobar, and Lakshadweep Islands, India.
Indian journal of public health, 2019

The Indian Islands of Andaman, Nicobar, and Lakshadweep have been historically rabies-free. However, reliable laboratory evidence to substantiate rabies-free status was lacking. In this background, the study was conducted as a component of the World Health Organization-Association for Prevention and Control of Rabies in India, Indian Multi-Centric Rabies Survey; to assess the rabies-free status of the two Islands and to examine the feasibility of initiating laboratory surveillance for rabies in dogs in Andaman, Nicobar, and Cats in Lakshadweep Islands. A team of medical and veterinary investigators visited these Islands in 2017. A review of 10 years records (2007-2017) in medical and veterinary institutes and interviews with different stakeholders were conducted. Based on the review of records, there was no evidence of human/animal rabies in the Islands. Eight dog brain samples from Andaman, Nicobar Islands, and ten cat brain samples from Lakshadweep Islands were tested negative for rabies by fluorescent antibody test at two rabies diagnostic laboratories at Bengaluru.
Network-based fMRI-neurofeedback training of sustained attention.
NeuroImage, 2020

The brain regions supporting sustained attention (sustained attention network; SAN) and mind-wandering (default-mode network; DMN) have been extensively studied. Nevertheless, this knowledge has not yet been translated into advanced brain-based attention training protocols. Here, we used network-based real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to provide healthy individuals with information about current activity levels in SAN and DMN. Specifically, 15 participants trained to control the difference between SAN and DMN hemodynamic activity and completed behavioral attention tests before and after neurofeedback training. Through training, participants improved controlling the differential SAN-DMN feedback signal, which was accomplished mainly through deactivating DMN. After training, participants were able to apply learned self-regulation of the differential feedback signal even when feedback was no longer available (i.e., during transfer runs). The neurofeedback group improved in sustained attention after training, although this improvement was temporally limited and rarely exceeded mere practice effects that were controlled by a test-retest behavioral control group. The learned self-regulation and the behavioral outcomes suggest that neurofeedback training of differential SAN and DMN activity has the potential to become a non-invasive and non-pharmacological tool to enhance attention and mitigate specific attention deficits.
A qualitative exploration of oral health care among stroke survivors living in the community.
Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 2020

Dental disease is highly prevalent in people with stroke. Stroke survivors regard oral hygiene as an important, yet neglected, area. The aim was to explore experiences of and barriers to oral care, particularly in relation to oral hygiene practice and dental attendance, among stroke survivors in the community.
Parkinson's disease uncovers an underlying sensitivity of subthalamic nucleus neurons to beta-frequency cortical input in vivo.
Neurobiology of disease, 2020

Abnormally sustained beta-frequency synchronisation between the motor cortex and subthalamic nucleus (STN) is associated with motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). It is currently unclear whether STN neurons have a preference for beta-frequency input (12-35 Hz), rather than cortical input at other frequencies, and how such a preference would arise following dopamine depletion. To address this question, we combined analysis of cortical and STN recordings from awake human PD patients undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery with recordings of identified STN neurons in anaesthetised rats. In these patients, we demonstrate that a subset of putative STN neurons is strongly and selectively sensitive to magnitude fluctuations of cortical beta oscillations over time, linearly increasing their phase-locking strength with respect to the full range of instantaneous amplitude in the beta-frequency range. In rats, we probed the frequency response of STN neurons in the cortico-basal-ganglia-network more precisely, by recording spikes evoked by short bursts of cortical stimulation with variable frequency (4-40 Hz) and constant amplitude. In both healthy and dopamine-depleted rats, only beta-frequency stimulation led to a progressive reduction in the variability of spike timing through the stimulation train. This suggests, that the interval of beta-frequency input provides an optimal window for eliciting the next spike with high fidelity. We hypothesize, that abnormal activation of the indirect pathway, via dopamine depletion and/or cortical stimulation, could trigger an underlying sensitivity of the STN microcircuit to beta-frequency input.
Using ultrasound to examine muscle mass in preterm infants at term-equivalent age.
European journal of pediatrics, 2021

The aim of this study was to compare the skeletal muscle thickness of three different muscles and muscle groups in 44 preterm infants studied at term-equivalent age and 44 full-term controls: the biceps brachii, quadriceps femoris, and anterior tibial. The study was carried out at the Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy, from January 2018 to December 2019. We assumed that impaired muscle thickness in premature infants would be correlated with exposure to risk factors in the postnatal period. When the premature babies reached term-equivalent age, they were statistically significantly thinner and shorter and had a lower head circumference and lower body mass index than the full-term controls. The muscle thicknesses in the proximal and distal districts were statistically significantly smaller in prematurely born than term-born infants. The skeletal muscle thickness was related to the revised Clinical Risk Index for Babies score and days of invasive mechanical ventilation.Conclusion: Our data show that at term-equivalent age the premature babies had lower skeletal muscle mass acquisition than the full-term controls. This was particularly due to critical conditions at birth and the subsequent duration of invasive mechanical ventilation. What is Known: • The deleterious effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation on skeletal muscle function have been reported by adult intensive care studies. • Ultrasound imagines of fat and muscle thickness have been used in neonatology, as the method is safe, portable, and noninvasive. What is New: • Premature babies studied at term-equivalent age had lower muscle acquisition, but similar subcutaneous fat thickness, to full-term controls. • A high revised Clinical Risk Index for Babies score at birth, and prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation, was associated with skeletal muscle impairment.
WITHDRAWN: Enkephalin- and dynorphin-release produced by electrical stimulation of different frequencies in rat brain slices.
Brain research, 2014

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
A novel brief treatment for methamphetamine use disorders in South Africa: a randomised feasibility trial.
Addiction science & clinical practice, 2021

Effective brief treatments for methamphetamine use disorders (MAUD) are urgently needed to complement longer more intensive treatments in low and middle income countries, including South Africa. To address this gap, the purpose of this randomised feasibility trial was to determine the feasibility of delivering a six-session blended imaginal desensitisation, plus motivational interviewing (IDMI) intervention for adults with a MAUD.
Neuropsychological development in the child and adolescent offspring of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: A two-year follow-up comparative study.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2020

There has been growing scientific evidence in recent years that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share clinical, cognitive, neuroimaging and genetic characteristics. This overlap might also be present in their offspring, who have an increased risk of developing both disorders. Comparing the characteristics of these samples may have important implications for understanding etiological processes. This study aimed to assess the development of cognitive functions over two years in a sample of child and adolescent offspring of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZoff) or bipolar disorder (BDoff), comparing them with a community control group (CCoff).
The relationship between food calling and agonistic behaviour in wild chimpanzees.
Behavioural processes, 2020

A number of social animals produce food-associated calls, which have been interpreted as informative and referential about the quality or quantity of food accessed by the caller. In chimpanzees, however, some behavioural patterns have remained unexplained by this model, suggesting that food-associated calls have a more generalized social function beyond attracting others to food, such as promoting tolerance between co-feeding individuals. In this study, we investigated how wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) of Budongo Forest, Uganda, use food associated-calls in situations when social tolerance is low, i.e., during agonistic interactions. We found a positive relationship between food calling and agonistic behaviours during a feeding event, independent of the number of males on the feeding patch. Moreover, food calling followed rather than preceded agonistic interactions, suggesting that aggression can trigger food call production. These results support the view that chimpanzee food-associated calls can act as social tools mediating competitive or aggressive interactions.
The ratio processing system and its role in fraction understanding: Evidence from a match-to-sample task in children and adults with and without dyscalculia.
Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006), 2020

It has been hypothesised that the human neurocognitive architecture may include a perceptual ratio processing system (RPS) that supports symbolic fraction understanding. In the present study, we aimed to provide further evidence for the existence of the RPS by exploring whether individuals with a range of math skills are indeed perceptually sensitive to non-symbolic ratio magnitudes. We also aimed to test to what extent the RPS may underlie symbolic fraction processing in those individuals. In a match-to-sample task, typical adults, elementary school children, and adults with dyscalculia were asked to match a non-symbolic ratio (i.e., target) to one of two non-symbolic ratios (i.e., the match and distractor). We found that all groups of participants were sensitive to the ratio between the match and the distractor, suggesting a common reliance on the RPS. This ratio sensitivity was also observed in another group of typical adults who had to choose which of two symbolic fractions match a non-symbolic ratio, indicating that the RPS may also contribute to symbolic fraction understanding. However, no ratio dependence was observed when participants had to choose which of two symbolic fractions match another symbolic fraction, suggesting that reliance on the RPS in symbolic fraction processing is limited and may not support exact fraction processing.
Subclinical affective and cognitive fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: a randomized double-blind double-dummy study of Oral vs. Intrajejunal Levodopa.
Journal of neurology, 2020

Chronic levodopa treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD) may promote undesirable motor and non-motor fluctuations. Compared to chronic oral levodopa treatment, continuous infusion of levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) in advanced PD reduces motor fluctuations. However, differences in their effect on acute non-motor changes were not formally demonstrated.
A Hospital-Based Neuroscience Nursing Course Designed to Improve Competence and Confidence.
The Journal of nursing administration, 2018

After experiencing growth in a neuroscience service line, nurse leaders identified a need for increased competencies among clinical staff. This hospital met the need by developing a unique multidisciplinary neuroscience nursing course to improve the clinical competence, confidence, and professional development of bedside nurses.
Effects of estrous cycle and sex on the expression of neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor in discrete hypothalamic and limbic nuclei of transgenic mice.
Peptides, 2011

In the present study we used a transgenic mouse model, carrying the neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor gene promoter linked to the LacZ reporter gene (Y1R/LacZ mice) to test the hypothesis of its up-regulation by gonadal hormones. Y1 receptor gene expression was detected by means of histochemical procedures and quantitative image analysis in the paraventricular nucleus, arcuate nucleus, medial preoptic nucleus, ventromedial nucleus and bed nucleus of stria terminalis of two-month-old female mice at different stages of estrous cycle. Qualitative and quantitative analyses showed that Y1R/LacZ transgene expression was higher in the paraventricular, arcuate, and ventromedial nuclei of proestrus mice as compared to mice in the other stages of the estrous cycle. In addition, we performed a comparison with a group of sexually active males. In this comparison a significant difference (less in males) was observed between males and proestrus females in the same nuclei. In conclusion, these data indicate that fluctuations in circulating levels of gonadal hormones, depending by estrous cycle, are paralleled by changes in the expression of NPY Y1 receptor in the hypothalamic nuclei involved in the control of both energy balance and reproduction.
Clusters of sleep apnoea phenotypes: A large pan-European study from the European Sleep Apnoea Database (ESADA).
Respirology (Carlton, Vic.), 2021

To personalize OSA management, several studies have attempted to better capture disease heterogeneity by clustering methods. The aim of this study was to conduct a cluster analysis of 23 000 OSA patients at diagnosis using the multinational ESADA.
A retrospective review of autonomic screening tests conducted at a Tertiary General Hospital.
Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical, 2014

Autonomic screening tests (AST) are useful for assessing autonomic dysfunction. Our aim was to delineate the referral pattern, abnormalities, technical difficulties and final diagnoses of ASTs at a Tertiary General Hospital. Referring diagnoses was classified into: orthostatic symptoms, assessment of known/suspected disease associated with dysautonomia, thermoregulatory complaints and neurological disorders. Medication history, patient cooperation and test results were collated. Usefulness of AST in answering the clinical questions was ranked on a 3-point scale. 248 patients were studied. Orthostatic symptoms were the commonest referring diagnosis (71.4%) followed by assessment of a known/suspected disease associated with dysautonomia (13.3%), thermoregulatory complaints (7.7%) and neurological disorders (7.3%). 49.6% of ASTs were abnormal, 40.7% were normal and 9.7% were inconclusive. The first 2 referral categories had the highest proportion of abnormal ASTs while only 5.3% of patients with thermoregulatory complaints had abnormal AST. The most frequent final diagnosis was orthostatic hypotension (OH). It was seen in 31.7% of the cohort; however, 41% of these were attributed to medications. With regard to answering the clinical question, ASTs were very helpful in 56.0% and not helpful in 9.3%. 58.0% of inconclusive ASTs were attributed to poor performance of test maneuvers, 8.0% to medications, 17.0% to both and 17.0% to irregular heart rhythms and pacemakers. 34.7% of patients with diabetes mellitus and 38.2% of patients with Parkinsonism had signs of autonomic dysfunction. About 7% of diabetic and a quarter of Parkinsonism patients had OH secondary to medications. We believe these findings can contribute to better application of AST.
Large occipito-cervical encephalocele with Chiari III malformation.
Journal of pediatric neurosciences, 2011

Chiari type III is the rarest of the Chiari malformations and is usually associated with high morbidity and mortality. Treatment consists of primary closure of the encephalocele with or without cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) shunting. In our case, the patient was treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt followed by excision of the encephalocele. We propose that large encephaloceles should be treated with CSF shunting prior to repair of the sac so as to achieve optimal result.