Theorem: Polynomial.Monic.irreducible_of_irreducible_map_of_isPrime_nilradical
File: Mathlib/RingTheory/Polynomial/IrreducibleRing.lean

Proof steps:
state_before: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map φ f)
⊢ Irreducible f
state_after: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map φ f)
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
⊢ Irreducible f
tactic: let R' := R ⧸ nilradical R
state_before: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map φ f)
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
⊢ Irreducible f
state_after: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map φ f)
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
⊢ Irreducible f
tactic: let ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ
    (haveI := RingHom.ker_isPrime φ; nilradical_le_prime (RingHom.ker φ))
state_before: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map φ f)
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
⊢ Irreducible f
state_after: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map φ f)
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
ι : R →+* R' := algebraMap R R'
⊢ Irreducible f
tactic: let ι := algebraMap R R'
state_before: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map φ f)
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
ι : R →+* R' := algebraMap R R'
⊢ Irreducible f
state_after: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
ι : R →+* R' := algebraMap R R'
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map ψ (Polynomial.map ι f))
⊢ Irreducible f
tactic: rw [show φ = ψ.comp ι from rfl, ← map_map] at hi
state_before: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
ι : R →+* R' := algebraMap R R'
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map ψ (Polynomial.map ι f))
⊢ Irreducible f
state_after: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
ι : R →+* R' := algebraMap R R'
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map ι f)
⊢ Irreducible f
tactic: replace hi := hm.map ι |>.irreducible_of_irreducible_map _ _ hi
state_before: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
ι : R →+* R' := algebraMap R R'
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map ι f)
⊢ Irreducible f
state_after: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
ι : R →+* R' := algebraMap R R'
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map ι f)
a b : R[X]
h : f = a * b
⊢ IsUnit a ∨ IsUnit b
tactic: refine ⟨fun h ↦ hi.1 <| (mapRingHom ι).isUnit_map h, fun a b h ↦ ?_⟩
state_before: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
ι : R →+* R' := algebraMap R R'
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map ι f)
a b : R[X]
h : f = a * b
⊢ IsUnit a ∨ IsUnit b
state_after: case inr
R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
ι : R →+* R' := algebraMap R R'
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map ι f)
a b : R[X]
h : f = a * b
this : ∀ (a b : R[X]), f = a * b → IsUnit (Polynomial.map ι b) → IsUnit a ∨ IsUnit b
hb : ¬IsUnit (Polynomial.map ι b)
⊢ IsUnit a ∨ IsUnit b

R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
ι : R →+* R' := algebraMap R R'
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map ι f)
a b : R[X]
h : f = a * b
hb : IsUnit (Polynomial.map ι b)
⊢ IsUnit a ∨ IsUnit b
tactic: wlog hb : IsUnit (b.map ι) generalizing a b
state_before: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
ι : R →+* R' := algebraMap R R'
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map ι f)
a b : R[X]
h : f = a * b
hb : IsUnit (Polynomial.map ι b)
⊢ IsUnit a ∨ IsUnit b
state_after: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
ι : R →+* R' := algebraMap R R'
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map ι f)
a b : R[X]
h : f = a * b
hb : IsUnit (Polynomial.map ι b)
hn : ∀ (i : ℕ), i ≠ 0 → IsNilpotent (b.coeff i)
⊢ IsUnit a ∨ IsUnit b
tactic: have hn (i : ℕ) (hi : i ≠ 0) : IsNilpotent (b.coeff i) := by
    obtain ⟨_, _, h⟩ := Polynomial.isUnit_iff.1 hb
    simpa only [coeff_map, coeff_C, hi, ite_false, ← RingHom.mem_ker,
      show RingHom.ker ι = nilradical R from Ideal.mk_ker] using congr(coeff $(h.symm) i)
state_before: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
ι : R →+* R' := algebraMap R R'
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map ι f)
a b : R[X]
h : f = a * b
hb : IsUnit (Polynomial.map ι b)
hn : ∀ (i : ℕ), i ≠ 0 → IsNilpotent (b.coeff i)
⊢ IsUnit a ∨ IsUnit b
state_after: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
ι : R →+* R' := algebraMap R R'
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map ι f)
a b : R[X]
h : f = a * b
hb : IsUnit (Polynomial.map ι b)
hn : ∀ (i : ℕ), i ≠ 0 → IsNilpotent (b.coeff i)
⊢ IsUnit (-(a.coeff f.natDegree * b.coeff 0))
tactic: refine .inr <| isUnit_of_coeff_isUnit_isNilpotent (isUnit_of_mul_isUnit_right
    (x := a.coeff f.natDegree) <| (IsUnit.neg_iff _).1 ?_) hn
state_before: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
ι : R →+* R' := algebraMap R R'
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map ι f)
a b : R[X]
h : f = a * b
hb : IsUnit (Polynomial.map ι b)
hn : ∀ (i : ℕ), i ≠ 0 → IsNilpotent (b.coeff i)
⊢ IsUnit (-(a.coeff f.natDegree * b.coeff 0))
state_after: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
ι : R →+* R' := algebraMap R R'
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map ι f)
a b : R[X]
h : f = a * b
hb : IsUnit (Polynomial.map ι b)
hn : ∀ (i : ℕ), i ≠ 0 → IsNilpotent (b.coeff i)
hc : f.leadingCoeff = (a * b).coeff f.natDegree
⊢ IsUnit (-(a.coeff f.natDegree * b.coeff 0))
tactic: have hc : f.leadingCoeff = _ := congr(coeff $h f.natDegree)
state_before: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
ι : R →+* R' := algebraMap R R'
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map ι f)
a b : R[X]
h : f = a * b
hb : IsUnit (Polynomial.map ι b)
hn : ∀ (i : ℕ), i ≠ 0 → IsNilpotent (b.coeff i)
hc : f.leadingCoeff = (a * b).coeff f.natDegree
⊢ IsUnit (-(a.coeff f.natDegree * b.coeff 0))
state_after: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
ι : R →+* R' := algebraMap R R'
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map ι f)
a b : R[X]
h : f = a * b
hb : IsUnit (Polynomial.map ι b)
hn : ∀ (i : ℕ), i ≠ 0 → IsNilpotent (b.coeff i)
hc : 1 - a.coeff f.natDegree * b.coeff 0 = ∑ x ∈ Finset.range f.natDegree, a.coeff x * b.coeff (f.natDegree - x)
⊢ IsUnit (-(a.coeff f.natDegree * b.coeff 0))
tactic: rw [hm, coeff_mul, Finset.Nat.sum_antidiagonal_eq_sum_range_succ fun i j ↦ a.coeff i * b.coeff j,
    Finset.sum_range_succ, ← sub_eq_iff_eq_add, Nat.sub_self] at hc
state_before: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
ι : R →+* R' := algebraMap R R'
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map ι f)
a b : R[X]
h : f = a * b
hb : IsUnit (Polynomial.map ι b)
hn : ∀ (i : ℕ), i ≠ 0 → IsNilpotent (b.coeff i)
hc : 1 - a.coeff f.natDegree * b.coeff 0 = ∑ x ∈ Finset.range f.natDegree, a.coeff x * b.coeff (f.natDegree - x)
⊢ IsUnit (-(a.coeff f.natDegree * b.coeff 0))
state_after: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
ι : R →+* R' := algebraMap R R'
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map ι f)
a b : R[X]
h : f = a * b
hb : IsUnit (Polynomial.map ι b)
hn : ∀ (i : ℕ), i ≠ 0 → IsNilpotent (b.coeff i)
hc : 1 - a.coeff f.natDegree * b.coeff 0 = ∑ x ∈ Finset.range f.natDegree, a.coeff x * b.coeff (f.natDegree - x)
⊢ IsUnit (∑ x ∈ Finset.range f.natDegree, a.coeff x * b.coeff (f.natDegree - x) - 1)
tactic: rw [← add_sub_cancel_left 1 (-(_ * _)), ← sub_eq_add_neg, hc]
state_before: R : Type u_1
S : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommRing R
inst✝² : (nilradical R).IsPrime
inst✝¹ : CommRing S
inst✝ : IsDomain S
φ : R →+* S
f : R[X]
hm : f.Monic
R' : Type u_1 := R ⧸ nilradical R
ψ : R' →+* S := Ideal.Quotient.lift (nilradical R) φ ⋯
ι : R →+* R' := algebraMap R R'
hi : Irreducible (Polynomial.map ι f)
a b : R[X]
h : f = a * b
hb : IsUnit (Polynomial.map ι b)
hn : ∀ (i : ℕ), i ≠ 0 → IsNilpotent (b.coeff i)
hc : 1 - a.coeff f.natDegree * b.coeff 0 = ∑ x ∈ Finset.range f.natDegree, a.coeff x * b.coeff (f.natDegree - x)
⊢ IsUnit (∑ x ∈ Finset.range f.natDegree, a.coeff x * b.coeff (f.natDegree - x) - 1)
state_after: no goals
tactic: exact IsNilpotent.isUnit_sub_one <| show _ ∈ nilradical R from sum_mem fun i hi ↦
    Ideal.mul_mem_left _ _ <| hn _ <| Nat.sub_ne_zero_of_lt (List.mem_range.1 hi)