romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Near the end of the NES's lifespan, upon the release of the AV Famicom and the top-loading NES 2, the design of the game controllers was modified slightly. Though the original button layout was retained, the redesigned device abandoned the brick shell in favor of a dog bone shape. In addition, the AV Famicom joined its international counterpart and dropped the hardwired controllers in favor of detachable controller ports. However, the controllers included with the Famicom AV had cables which were 90 cm (3 feet) long, as opposed to the standard 180 cm(6 feet) of NES controllers.

Q1: Which console featured a top-loading design?
A1: NES 2
Q2: The design of what was modified slightly?
A2: game controllers
Q3: the original design of the controller was what shape?
A3: brick
Q4: What was the new design shape of the controller?
A4: dog bone
Q5: How long were standard NES controller cables?
A5: 6 feet
By 1988, industry observers stated that the NES's popularity had grown so quickly that the market for Nintendo cartridges was larger than that for all home computer software. Compute! reported in 1989 that Nintendo had sold seven million NES systems in 1988, almost as many as the number of Commodore 64s sold in its first five years. "Computer game makers [are] scared stiff", the magazine said, stating that Nintendo's popularity caused most competitors to have poor sales during the previous Christmas and resulted in serious financial problems for some.

Q1: What year did Nintendo's market surpass all computer software?
A1: 1988
Q2: Who reported that Nintendo sold 7 million NES systems?
A2: Compute!
Q3: When did Compute! report the number of systems sold at 7 million?
A3: 1989
Q4: The 7 million sold almost equated to which console's five year span?
A4: Commodore 64s
A variety of games for the FDS were released by Nintendo (including some like Super Mario Bros. which had already been released on cartridge) and third party companies such as Konami and Taito. A few unlicensed titles were made as well. However, its limitations became quickly apparent as larger ROM chips were introduced, allowing cartridges with greater than 128k of space. More advanced memory management chips (MMC) soon appeared and the FDS quickly became obsolete. Nintendo also charged developers considerable amounts of money to produce FDS games, and many refused to develop for it, instead continuing to make cartridge titles. Many FDS disks have no dust covers (except in some unlicensed and bootleg variants) and are easily prone to getting dirt on the media. In addition, the drive use a belt which breaks frequently and requires invasive replacement. After only two years, the FDS was discontinued, although vending booths remained in place until 1993 and Nintendo continued to service drives, and to rewrite and offer replacement disks until 2003.

Q1: Nintendo charged producers hefty sums to make what?
A1: FDS games
Q2: What did companies do instead of making FDS games?
A2: make cartridge titles
Q3: Many FDS disks lack what?
A3: dust covers
Q4: What broke frequently and needed replacement in the machine?
A4: belt
Q5: How long did Nintendo service drives and offer replacement disks?
A5: 2003
Although most hardware clones were not produced under license by Nintendo, certain companies were granted licenses to produce NES-compatible devices. The Sharp Corporation produced at least two such clones: the Twin Famicom and the SHARP 19SC111 television. The Twin Famicom was compatible with both Famicom cartridges and Famicom Disk System disks. It was available in two colors (red and black) and used hardwired controllers (as did the original Famicom), but it featured a different case design. The SHARP 19SC111 television was a television which included a built-in Famicom. A similar licensing deal was reached with Hyundai Electronics, who licensed the system under the name Comboy in the South Korean market. This deal with Hyundai was made necessary because of the South Korean government's wide ban on all Japanese "cultural products", which remained in effect until 1998 and ensured that the only way Japanese products could legally enter the South Korean market was through licensing to a third-party (non-Japanese) distributor (see also Japan–Korea disputes).

Q1: Which company produced the Twin Famicom and the 19SC111 TV?
A1: Sharp Corporation
Q2: What was compatible with Famicom cartridges and FDS systems?
A2: Twin Famicom
Q3: Hyundai licensed the Sharp 19SC111 TV with what name in South Korea?
A3: Comboy
Q4: Until how long did South Korea ban Japanese cultural products?
A4: 1998
Q5: How could Japanese products only enter South Korea?
A5: licensing to a third-party (non-Japanese) distributor
The back of the cartridge bears a label with instructions on handling. Production and software revision codes were imprinted as stamps on the back label to correspond with the software version and producer. With the exception of The Legend of Zelda and Zelda II: The Adventure of Link, manufactured in gold-plastic carts, all licensed NTSC and PAL cartridges are a standard shade of gray plastic. Unlicensed carts were produced in black, robin egg blue, and gold, and are all slightly different shapes than standard NES cartridges. Nintendo also produced yellow-plastic carts for internal use at Nintendo Service Centers, although these "test carts" were never made available for purchase. All licensed US cartridges were made by Nintendo, Konami and Acclaim. For promotion of DuckTales: Remastered, Capcom sent 150 limited-edition gold NES cartridges with the original game, featuring the Remastered art as the sticker, to different gaming news agencies. The instruction label on the back included the opening lyric from the show's theme song, "Life is like a hurricane".

Q1: The Zelda games were manufactured in what color cartridge?
A1: gold
Q2: What is the standard color of all other cartridges?
A2: gray
Q3: What color were cartridges produced by Nintendo for internal use?
A3: yellow
Q4: What was distinctly made by Nintendo, Konami, and Acclaim?
A4: licensed US cartridges
Q5: What was the opening lyric from the Duck Tales theme show?
A5: Life is like a hurricane
Nintendo was accused of antitrust behavior because of the strict licensing requirements. The United States Department of Justice and several states began probing Nintendo's business practices, leading to the involvement of Congress and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). The FTC conducted an extensive investigation which included interviewing hundreds of retailers. During the FTC probe, Nintendo changed the terms of its publisher licensing agreements to eliminate the two-year rule and other restrictive terms. Nintendo and the FTC settled the case in April 1991, with Nintendo required to send vouchers giving a $5 discount off to a new game, to every person that had purchased a NES title between June 1988 and December 1990. GameSpy remarked that Nintendo's punishment was particularly weak giving the case's findings, although it has been speculated that the FTC did not want to damage the video game industry in the United States.

Q1: What was Nintendo accused of?
A1: antitrust behavior
Q2: Why was Nintendo accused of antitrust behavior?
A2: strict licensing requirements
Q3: Who interviewed retailers as part of their investigation?
A3: FTC
Q4: Who began probing Nintendo's business?
A4: United States Department of Justice
Q5: How much were the vouchers worth that Nintendo sent out?
A5: $5
The NES can be emulated on many other systems, most notably the PC. The first emulator was the Japanese-only Pasofami. It was soon followed by iNES, which was available in English and was cross-platform, in 1996. It was described as being the first NES emulation software that could be used by a non-expert. NESticle, a popular MS-DOS emulator, was released on April 3, 1997. There have since been many other emulators. The Virtual Console for the Wii, Nintendo 3DS and Wii U also offers emulation of many NES games.

Q1: What was the first NES emulator?
A1: Pasofami
Q2: What was the first English available emulator?
A2: iNES
Q3: What platform was NESticle available for use?
A3: MS-DOS
Q4: When was NESticle released?
A4: April 3, 1997
The Famicom contained no lockout hardware and, as a result, unlicensed cartridges (both legitimate and bootleg) were extremely common throughout Japan and the Far East. The original NES (but not the top-loading NES-101) contained the 10NES lockout chip, which significantly increased the challenges faced by unlicensed developers. Tinkerers at home in later years discovered that disassembling the NES and cutting the fourth pin of the lockout chip would change the chip’s mode of operation from "lock" to "key", removing all effects and greatly improving the console’s ability to play legal games, as well as bootlegs and converted imports. NES consoles sold in different regions had different lockout chips, so games marketed in one region would not work on consoles from another region. Known regions are: USA/Canada (3193 lockout chip), most of Europe (3195), Asia (3196) and UK, Italy and Australia (3197). Since two types of lockout chip were used in Europe, European NES game boxes often had an "A" or "B" letter on the front, indicating whether the game is compatible with UK/Italian/Australian consoles (A), or the rest of Europe (B). Rest-of-Europe games typically had text on the box stating "This game is not compatible with the Mattel or NES versions of the Nintendo Entertainment System". Similarly, UK/Italy/Australia games stated "This game is only compatible with the Mattel or NES versions of the Nintendo Entertainment System".

Q1: What did the Famicom sorely lack?
A1: lockout hardware
Q2: What was the lockout chip number for the USA and Canada?
A2: 3193
Q3: What was the lockout chip number for most of Europe, save the UK and Italy?
A3: 3195
Q4: What was the lockout chip number for Asia?
A4: 3196
Q5: What was the lockout chip number for UK, Italy, and Australia?
A5: 3197
Following a series of arcade game successes in the early 1980s, Nintendo made plans to create a cartridge-based console called the Famicom. Masayuki Uemura designed the system. Original plans called for an advanced 16-bit system which would function as a full-fledged computer with a keyboard and floppy disk drive, but Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi rejected this and instead decided to go for a cheaper, more conventional cartridge-based game console as he felt that features such as keyboards and disks were intimidating to non-technophiles. A test model was constructed in October 1982 to verify the functionality of the hardware, after which work began on programming tools. Because 65xx CPUs had not been manufactured or sold in Japan up to that time, no cross-development software was available and it had to be produced from scratch. Early Famicom games were written on a system that ran on an NEC PC-8001 computer and LEDs on a grid were used with a digitizer to design graphics as no software design tools for this purpose existed at that time.[citation needed]

Q1: Who designed the Famicom system?
A1: Masayuki Uemura
Q2: The plans called for how many bits as a feature?
A2: 16
Q3: Who was the Nintendo president at the time?
A3: Hiroshi Yamauchi
Q4: When was the test model constructed?
A4: October 1982
Q5: Early Famicom games were written on what computer system?
A5: NEC PC-8001
A number of special controllers designed for use with specific games were released for the system, though very few such devices proved particularly popular. Such devices included, but were not limited to, the Zapper (a light gun), the R.O.B., and the Power Pad. The original Famicom featured a deepened DA-15 expansion port on the front of the unit, which was used to connect most auxiliary devices. On the NES, these special controllers were generally connected to one of the two control ports on the front of the console.

Q1: What was the light gun controller called?
A1: Zapper
Q2: What was the name of the auxiliary port used to connect additional devices on the Famicom?
A2: DA-15
Q3: How were the special controllers connected to the NES?
A3: control ports on the front
The system's launch represented not only a new product, but also a reframing of the severely damaged home video game market segment as a whole. The video game market crash of 1983 had occurred in significant part due to a lack of consumer and retailer confidence in video games, which had in turn been due partially to confusion and misrepresentation in the marketing of video games. Prior to the NES, the packaging of many video games presented bombastic artwork which exaggerated the graphics of the actual game. In terms of product identity, a single game such as Pac-Man would appear in many versions on many different game consoles and computers, with large variations in graphics, sound, and general quality between the versions. By stark contrast, Nintendo's marketing strategy aimed to regain consumer and retailer confidence, by delivering a singular platform whose technology was not in need of heavy exaggeration and whose qualities were clearly defined.

Q1: What year did the video game market crash?
A1: 1983
Q2: The crash was caused in part by the confusion and misrepresentation of what in video games?
A2: marketing
Q3: What specifically was misrepresented on game products?
A3: artwork
Q4: Nintendo's marketing strategy aimed at what aspect of the consumer via realism?
A4: confidence
For its complete North American release, the Nintendo Entertainment System was progressively released over the ensuing years in four different bundles: the Deluxe Set, the Control Deck, the Action Set and the Power Set. The Deluxe Set, retailing at US$199.99 (equivalent to $475 in 2016), included R.O.B., a light gun called the NES Zapper, two controllers, and two Game Paks: Gyromite, and Duck Hunt. The Basic Set, retailing at US$89.99 with no game, and US$99.99 bundled with "Super Mario Bros." The Action Set, retailing in 1988 for US$149.99, came with the Control Deck, two game controllers, an NES Zapper, and a dual Game Pak containing both Super Mario Bros. and Duck Hunt. In 1989, the Power Set included the console, two game controllers, a NES Zapper, a Power Pad, and a triple Game Pak containing Super Mario Bros, Duck Hunt, and World Class Track Meet. In 1990, a Sports Set bundle was released, including the console, an NES Satellite infrared wireless multitap adapter, four game controllers, and a dual Game Pak containing Super Spike V'Ball and Nintendo World Cup. Two more bundle packages were later released using the original model NES console. The Challenge Set of 1992 included the console, two controllers, and a Super Mario Bros. 3 Game Pak for a retail price of US$89.99. The Basic Set, first released in 1987, was repackaged for a retail US$89.99. It included only the console and two controllers, and no longer was bundled with a cartridge. Instead, it contained a book called the Official Nintendo Player's Guide, which contained detailed information for every NES game made up to that point.

Q1: How much was the selling price equivalent to in today's money?
A1: $475
Q2: How much did the Deluxe NES sell for?
A2: US$199.99
Q3: How much did the console sell for bundled with just the Super Mario Bros. game?
A3: US$99.99
Q4: Super Mario Bros was paired with which game in the Action Set?
A4: Duck Hunt
Q5: The Basic Set sold for how much at release?
A5: US$89.99
The unlicensed clone market has flourished following Nintendo's discontinuation of the NES. Some of the more exotic of these resulting systems have gone beyond the functionality of the original hardware and have included variations such as a portable system with a color LCD (e.g. PocketFami). Others have been produced with certain specialized markets in mind, such as an NES clone that functions as a rather primitive personal computer, which includes a keyboard and basic word processing software. These unauthorized clones have been helped by the invention of the so-called NES-on-a-chip.

Q1: What thrived after the NES was discontinued?
A1: unlicensed clone market
Q2: What feature does the PocketFami have?
A2: color LCD
Q3: The NES was duplicated on which medium in order to make clones easy to produce?
A3: chip
The NES was released after the "video game crash" of the early 1980s, whereupon many retailers and adults had regarded electronic games as being merely a passing fad, and many believed at first that the NES was another fad. Before the NES/Famicom, Nintendo was known as a moderately successful Japanese toy and playing card manufacturer, and the popularity of the NES/Famicom helped the company grow into an internationally recognized name almost synonymous with video games as Atari had been during the 2600 era and set the stage for Japanese dominance of the video game industry. With the NES, Nintendo also changed the relationship of console manufacturers and third-party software developers by restricting developers from publishing and distributing software without licensed approval. This led to higher quality software titles, which helped to change the attitude of a public that had grown weary from poorly produced titles for other game systems of the day.

Q1: Nintendo produced toys and what other item before its game system?
A1: playing card
Q2: Nintendo's era was compared with who as another video game manufacturer?
A2: Atari
Q3: Nintendo required what from its software developers?
A3: licensed approval
Q4: What did licensing lead to regarding games?
A4: higher quality
Atari Games created a line of NES products under the name Tengen and took a different approach. The company attempted to reverse engineer the lockout chip to develop its own "Rabbit" chip. However, Tengen also obtained a description of the lockout chip from the United States Patent and Trademark Office by falsely claiming that it was required to defend against present infringement claims in a legal case. Nintendo sued Tengen for copyright infringement, which Tengen lost as it could not prove that the legally obtained patent documents had not been used by the reverse engineering team. Tengen's antitrust claims against Nintendo were never finally decided.

Q1: Atari created NES products under which name?
A1: Tengen
Q2: What did Nintendo sue Tengen for?
A2: copyright infringement
Q3: Tengen reverse engineered the lockout chip to develop what animal monikered prototype?
A3: "Rabbit" chip
Q4: Tengen got a description of Nintendo's chip from whom?
A4: United States Patent and Trademark Office
In December 1993, the Famicom received a similar redesign. It also loads cartridges through a covered slot on the top of the unit and uses non-hardwired controllers. Because HVC-101 used composite video output instead of being RF only like the HVC-001, Nintendo marketed the newer model as the AV Famicom (AV仕様ファミコン, Eibui Shiyō Famikon?). Since the new controllers don't have microphones on them like the second controller on the original console, certain games such as the Disk System version of The Legend of Zelda and Raid on Bungeling Bay will have certain tricks that cannot be replicated when played on an HVC-101 Famicom without a modded controller. However, the HVC-101 Famicom is compatible with most NES controllers due to having the same controller port. Nintendo had also released a 3D graphic capable headset. However, this peripheral was never released outside Japan.[citation needed]

Q1: What month and year did the Famicom receive a redesign?
A1: December 1993
Q2: What used composite video output?
A2: HVC-101
Q3: What device was RF only?
A3: HVC-001
Q4: What was the newer model called?
A4: AV Famicom
Q5: What did Nintendo release in Japan only?
A5: 3D graphic capable headset
The NES uses a custom-made Picture Processing Unit (PPU) developed by Ricoh. All variations of the PPU feature 2 kB of video RAM, 256 bytes of on-die "object attribute memory" (OAM) to store the positions, colors, and tile indices of up to 64 sprites on the screen, and 28 bytes of on-die palette RAM to allow selection of background and sprite colors. The console's 2 kB of onboard RAM may be used for tile maps and attributes on the NES board and 8 kB of tile pattern ROM or RAM may be included on a cartridge. The system has an available color palette of 48 colors and 6 grays. Up to 25 simultaneous colors may be used without writing new values mid-frame: a background color, four sets of three tile colors and four sets of three sprite colors. The NES palette is based on NTSC rather than RGB values. A total of 64 sprites may be displayed onscreen at a given time without reloading sprites mid-screen. The standard display resolution of the NES is 256 horizontal pixels by 240 vertical pixels.

Q1: Who developed Nintendo's PPU?
A1: Ricoh
Q2: How many kb of Video RAM did the PPU have?
A2: 2
Q3: The system has how many colors available on it?
A3: 48
Q4: How many grays could be used as well?
A4: 6
Q5: What is the standard display resolution of the NES?
A5: 256 horizontal pixels by 240 vertical pixels
Encouraged by these successes, Nintendo soon turned its attention to the North American market. Nintendo entered into negotiations with Atari to release the Famicom under Atari’s name as the name Nintendo Advanced Video Gaming System. The deal was set to be finalized and signed at the Summer Consumer Electronics Show in June 1983. However, Atari discovered at that show that its competitor Coleco was illegally demonstrating its Coleco Adam computer with Nintendo's Donkey Kong game. This violation of Atari's exclusive license with Nintendo to publish the game for its own computer systems delayed the implementation of Nintendo's game console marketing contract with Atari. Atari's CEO Ray Kassar was fired the next month, so the deal went nowhere, and Nintendo decided to market its system on its own.g[›]

Q1: Nintendo agreed with Atari to release the Famicom under what name?
A1: Nintendo Advanced Video Gaming System
Q2: When was the Summer Consumer Electronics Show held?
A2: June 1983
Q3: Which company was illegally demonstrating a Nintendo game?
A3: Coleco
Q4: What was the name of the fired Atari CEO?
A4: Ray Kassar
To differentiate Nintendo's new home platform from the early 1980s' common perception of a troubled and shallow video game market, the company freshened its product nomenclature and positioning, and it established a strict product approval and licensing policy. The overall system was referred to as an "Entertainment System" instead of a "video game system", which was centered upon a machine called a "Control Deck" instead of a "console", and which featured software cartridges called "Game Paks" instead of "video games". The 10NES lockout chip system acted as a lock-and-key coupling of each Game Pak and Control Deck, deterring the copying or production of NES games which had not first achieved Nintendo's licensed approval. The packaging of the launch lineup of NES games bore pictures of a very close representation of the actual onscreen graphics of the game, which were of sufficiently recognizable quality on their own. Symbols on the launch games' packaging clearly indicated the genre of the game, in order to reduce consumer confusion. A 'seal of quality' was printed on all appropriately licensed game and accessory packaging. The initial seal stated, "This seal is your assurance that Nintendo has approved and guaranteed the quality of this product". This text was later changed to "Official Nintendo Seal of Quality".

Q1: What was Nintendo's euphemism for "video game system?"
A1: Entertainment System
Q2: What did Nintendo use instead of the word console?
A2: Control Deck
Q3: What was the term used by Nintendo instead of "video games?"
A3: Game Pak
Q4: What was printed on all licensed games and accessories by Nintendo?
A4: seal of quality
Q5: The seal of quality took on what eventual name?
A5: Official Nintendo Seal of Quality