romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Where old disc recordings are considered to be of artistic or historic interest, from before the era of tape or where no tape master exists, archivists play back the disc on suitable equipment and record the result, typically onto a digital format, which can be copied and manipulated to remove analog flaws without any further damage to the source recording. For example, Nimbus Records uses a specially built horn record player to transfer 78s. Anyone can do this using a standard record player with a suitable pickup, a phono-preamp (pre-amplifier) and a typical personal computer. However, for accurate transfer, professional archivists carefully choose the correct stylus shape and diameter, tracking weight, equalisation curve and other playback parameters and use high-quality analogue-to-digital converters.

Q1: Is it difficult to transfer recording from historic interest to newer technologies?
A1: Anyone can do this
Q2: What would offer the highest quality transfers of historic interest?
A2: professional archivists
Q3: What would a hobbiest need to transfer historic recordings to digital formats?
A3: standard record player with a suitable pickup, a phono-preamp (pre-amplifier) and a typical personal computer
Q4: Is an original destroyed when transferred to digital format?
A4: without any further damage to the source recording
Q5: What is one benefit of transferring an older format to a newer format?
A5: manipulated to remove analog flaws
Groove recordings, first designed in the final quarter of the 19th century, held a predominant position for nearly a century—withstanding competition from reel-to-reel tape, the 8-track cartridge, and the compact cassette. In 1988, the compact disc surpassed the gramophone record in unit sales. Vinyl records experienced a sudden decline in popularity between 1988 and 1991, when the major label distributors restricted their return policies, which retailers had been relying on to maintain and swap out stocks of relatively unpopular titles. First the distributors began charging retailers more for new product if they returned unsold vinyl, and then they stopped providing any credit at all for returns. Retailers, fearing they would be stuck with anything they ordered, only ordered proven, popular titles that they knew would sell, and devoted more shelf space to CDs and cassettes. Record companies also deleted many vinyl titles from production and distribution, further undermining the availability of the format and leading to the closure of pressing plants. This rapid decline in the availability of records accelerated the format's decline in popularity, and is seen by some as a deliberate ploy to make consumers switch to CDs, which were more profitable for the record companies.

Q1: What was a major cause of declined vinyl sales?
A1: major label distributors restricted their return policies
Q2: Which allows for more profits, vinyl or compact discs?
A2: CDs, which were more profitable for the record companies
Q3: When did vinyl record sales decline?
A3: between 1988 and 1991
Q4: When did compact disc popularity take hold?
A4: 1988
Q5: When were groove recordings developed?
A5: final quarter of the 19th century,
In spite of their flaws, such as the lack of portability, records still have enthusiastic supporters. Vinyl records continue to be manufactured and sold today, especially by independent rock bands and labels, although record sales are considered to be a niche market composed of audiophiles, collectors, and DJs. Old records and out-of-print recordings in particular are in much demand by collectors the world over. (See Record collecting.) Many popular new albums are given releases on vinyl records and older albums are also given reissues, sometimes on audiophile-grade vinyl.

Q1: Are records generally out of print as of date?
A1: Vinyl records continue to be manufactured and sold today
Q2: Are albums ever reproduced?
A2: Many popular new albums are given releases
Q3: What types of vinyl hold the most popularity?
A3: Old records and out-of-print recordings
Q4: Does vinyl record maintain any popularity?
A4: records still have enthusiastic supporters
Many electronic dance music and hip hop releases today are still preferred on vinyl; however, digital copies are still widely available. This is because for disc jockeys ("DJs"), vinyl has an advantage over the CD: direct manipulation of the medium. DJ techniques such as slip-cueing, beatmatching, and scratching originated on turntables. With CDs or compact audio cassettes one normally has only indirect manipulation options, e.g., the play, stop, and pause buttons. With a record one can place the stylus a few grooves farther in or out, accelerate or decelerate the turntable, or even reverse its direction, provided the stylus, record player, and record itself are built to withstand it. However, many CDJ and DJ advances, such as DJ software and time-encoded vinyl, now have these capabilities and more.

Q1: What is a reason a DJ would prefer vinyl to CD?
A1: direct manipulation
Q2: In what techniques would a DJ require a vinyl record?
A2: slip-cueing, beatmatching, and scratching
Q3: Are all turn tables capable of DJ manipulation of vinyl records?
A3: provided the stylus, record player, and record itself are built to withstand it
Q4: What is commonly preferred by DJs vinyl or CD?
A4: any electronic dance music and hip hop releases today are still preferred on vinyl
Q5: Had vinyl technology ceased expanding?
A5: However, many CDJ and DJ advances, such as DJ software and time-encoded vinyl, now have these capabilities and more.
In 2014 artist Jack White sold 40,000 copies of his second solo release, Lazaretto, on vinyl. The sales of the record beat the largest sales in one week on vinyl since 1991. The sales record was previously held by Pearl Jam's, Vitalogy, which sold 34,000 copies in one week in 1994. In 2014, the sale of vinyl records was the only physical music medium with increasing sales with relation to the previous year. Sales of other mediums including individual digital tracks, digital albums and compact discs have fallen, the latter having the greatest drop-in-sales rate.

Q1: Whom set the most recent sales record of vinyl records since 1991?
A1: Jack White
Q2: What medium has seen the biggest fall in sales as of late?
A2: compact discs
Q3: What was unique to vinyl sales in 2014?
A3: was the only physical music medium with increasing sales with relation to the previous year
Q4: Who sold 34,000 vinyl records in 1994?
A4: Pearl Jam
Q5: Prior to 2014 when was the most recent large sale of vinyl records?
A5: 1991
Historically, the channel's programming consisted mainly of featured classic theatrically released feature films from the Turner Entertainment film library – which comprises films from Warner Bros. Pictures (covering films released before 1950) and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (covering films released before May 1986). However, TCM now has licensing deals with other Hollywood film studios as well as its Time Warner sister company, Warner Bros. (which now controls the Turner Entertainment library and its own later films), and occasionally shows more recent films. Turner Classic Movies is a dedicated film channel and is available in United States, United Kingdom, France (TCM Cinéma), Spain (TCM España), Nordic countries, Middle East and Africa.

Q1: Warner Bros. pictures before what year are part of the Turner Entertainment library?
A1: 1950
Q2: Up until what month and year of release are films from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer part of the Turner Entertainment library?
A2: May 1986
Q3: What company owns TCM and Warner Bros.?
A3: Time Warner
Q4: What is Turner Classic Movies called in France?
A4: TCM Cinéma
Q5: What is the Spanish version of Turner Classic Movies?
A5: TCM España
In 1986, eight years before the launch of Turner Classic Movies, Ted Turner acquired the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film studio for $1.5 billion. Concerns over Turner Entertainment's corporate debt load resulted in Turner selling the studio that October back to Kirk Kerkorian, from whom Turner had purchased the studio less than a year before. As part of the deal, Turner Entertainment retained ownership of MGM's library of films released up to May 9, 1986. Turner Broadcasting System was split into two companies; Turner Broadcasting System and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and reincorporated as MGM/UA Communications Co.

Q1: How much did Ted Turner pay for Metro-Goldwyn Mayer?
A1: $1.5 billion
Q2: In what year did Ted Turner buy Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer?
A2: 1986
Q3: Who did Ted Turner sell Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to?
A3: Kirk Kerkorian
Q4: Who did Ted Turner buy Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer from?
A4: Kirk Kerkorian
Q5: Up to what date of release did Turner retain ownership of the MGM film library?
A5: May 9, 1986
The film library of Turner Entertainment would serve as the base form of programming for TCM upon the network's launch. Before the creation of Turner Classic Movies, films from Turner's library of movies aired on the Turner Broadcasting System's advertiser-supported cable network TNT – along with colorized versions of black-and-white classics such as The Maltese Falcon. After the library was acquired, MGM/UA signed a deal with Turner to continue distributing the pre-May 1986 MGM and to begin distributing the pre-1950 Warner Bros. film libraries for video release (the rest of the library went to Turner Home Entertainment).

Q1: On what network did Turner Entertainment's film library air prior to the creation of TCM?
A1: TNT
Q2: What was a notable film that Turner colorized?
A2: The Maltese Falcon
Q3: Who did Turner ink a deal with to distribute Warner Bros. films from before 1950?
A3: MGM/UA
Q4: The MGM/UA-Turner deal concerned MGM films released prior to what date?
A4: May 1986
At the time of its launch, TCM was available to approximately one million cable television subscribers. The network originally served as a competitor to AMC – which at the time was known as "American Movie Classics" and maintained a virtually identical format to TCM, as both networks largely focused on films released prior to 1970 and aired them in an uncut, uncolorized, and commercial-free format. AMC had broadened its film content to feature colorized and more recent films by 2002 and abandoned its commercial-free format, leaving TCM as the only movie-oriented cable channel to devote its programming entirely to classic films without commercial interruption.

Q1: How many subscribers had access to TCM upon it launch?
A1: one million
Q2: When TCM premiered, what was AMC called?
A2: American Movie Classics
Q3: What sorts of films did American Movie Classics primarily show?
A3: released prior to 1970
Q4: By what year was AMC showing commercials?
A4: 2002
In 1996, Turner Broadcasting System merged with Time Warner, which besides placing Turner Classic Movies and Warner Bros. Entertainment under the same corporate umbrella, also gave TCM access to Warner Bros.' library of films released after 1949 (which itself includes other acquired entities such as the Lorimar, Saul Zaentz and National General Pictures libraries); incidentally, TCM had already been running select Warner Bros. film titles through a licensing agreement with the studio that was signed prior to the launch of the channel. In March 1999, MGM paid Warner Bros. and gave up the home video rights to the MGM/UA films owned by Turner to Warner Home Video.

Q1: With what company did Turner Broadcasting Systems merge in 1996?
A1: Time Warner
Q2: Along with Lorimar and National General Pictures, what library was included in the Warner Bros. library?
A2: Saul Zaentz
Q3: When did MGM give Warner Home Video the rights to MGM/UA's films on home video?
A3: March 1999
In 2000, TCM started the annual Young Composers Film Competition, inviting aspiring composers to participate in a judged competition that offers the winner of each year's competition the opportunity to score a restored, feature-length silent film as a grand prize, mentored by a well-known composer, with the new work subsequently premiering on the network. As of 2006, films that have been rescored include the 1921 Rudolph Valentino film Camille, two Lon Chaney films: 1921's The Ace of Hearts and 1928's Laugh, Clown, Laugh, and Greta Garbo's 1926 film The Temptress.

Q1: In what year did TCM begin the Young Composers Film Competition?
A1: 2000
Q2: How often is the Young Composers Film Competition?
A2: annual
Q3: What is the grand prize in the Young Composers Film Competition?
A3: score a restored, feature-length silent film
Q4: In what year was Laugh, Clown, Laugh released?
A4: 1928
Q5: Who starred in The Temptress?
A5: Greta Garbo
In 2008, TCM won a Peabody Award for excellence in broadcasting. In April 2010, Turner Classic Movies held the first TCM Classic Film Festival, an event – now held annually – at the Grauman's Chinese Theater and the Grauman's Egyptian Theater in Hollywood. Hosted by Robert Osborne, the four-day long annual festival celebrates Hollywood and its movies, and features celebrity appearances, special events, and screenings of around 50 classic movies including several newly restored by the Film Foundation, an organization devoted to preserving Hollywood's classic film legacy.

Q1: In what year did TCM receive a Peabody Award?
A1: 2008
Q2: For what reason is a Peabody Award granted?
A2: excellence in broadcasting
Q3: When did the inaugural TCM Classic Film Festival take place?
A3: April 2010
Q4: In addition to the Grauman's Chinese Theater, where did the first TCM Classic Film Festival take place?
A4: Grauman's Egyptian Theater
Q5: Where is Grauman's Chinese Theater located?
A5: Hollywood
Turner Classic Movies essentially operates as a commercial-free service, with the only advertisements on the network being shown between features – which advertise TCM products, network promotions for upcoming special programs and the original trailers for films that are scheduled to be broadcast on TCM (particularly those that will air during the primetime hours), and featurettes about classic film actors and actresses. In addition to this, extended breaks between features are filled with theatrically released movie trailers and classic short subjects – from series such as The Passing Parade, Crime Does Not Pay, Pete Smith Specialties, and Robert Benchley – under the banner name TCM Extras (formerly One Reel Wonders). In 2007, some of the short films featured on TCM were made available for streaming on TCM's website. Partly to allow these interstitials, Turner Classic Movies schedules its feature films either at the top of the hour or at :15, :30 or :45 minutes past the hour, instead of in timeslots of varying five-minute increments.

Q1: What were TCM Extras previously known as?
A1: One Reel Wonders
Q2: When did short films from TCM begin to stream on TCM's website?
A2: 2007
Q3: Along with The Passing Parade, Crime Does Not Pay and Pete Smith Specialties, what short subjects feature on TCM?
A3: Robert Benchley
Q4: Along with :45, :30 and :15 past the hour, at what time do TCM features begin?
A4: top of the hour
TCM's film content has remained mostly uncut and uncolorized (with films natively filmed or post-produced in the format being those only ones presented in color), depending upon the original content of movies, particularly movies released after the 1968 implementation of the Motion Picture Association of America's ratings system and the concurrent disestablishment of the Motion Picture Production Code. Because of this, TCM is formatted similarly to a premium channel with certain films – particularly those made from the 1960s onward – sometimes featuring nudity, sexual content, violence and/or strong profanity; the network also features rating bumpers prior to the start of a program (most programs on TCM, especially films, are rated for content using the TV Parental Guidelines, in lieu of the MPAA's rating system).

Q1: In what year did the Motion Picture Association of America introduce its rating system?
A1: 1968
Q2: In what year did the Motion Picture Production Code cease?
A2: 1968
Q3: What rating system is often used by TCM?
A3: TV Parental Guidelines
The network's programming season runs from February until the following March of each year when a retrospective of Oscar-winning and Oscar-nominated movies is shown, called 31 Days of Oscar. As a result of its devoted format to classic feature films, viewers that are interested in tracing the career development of actresses such as Barbara Stanwyck or Greta Garbo or actors like Cary Grant or Humphrey Bogart have the unique opportunity to see most of the films that were made during their careers, from beginning to end. Turner Classic Movies presents many of its features in their original aspect ratio (widescreen or full screen) whenever possible – widescreen films broadcast on TCM are letterboxed on the network's standard definition feed. TCM also regularly presents widescreen presentations of films not available in the format on any home video release.

Q1: What retrospective of the Oscars is shown yearly on TCM?
A1: 31 Days of Oscar
Q2: When does TCM's programming season begin?
A2: February
Q3: On its standard definition broadcast, what format does TCM use to preserve the original aspect ratio?
A3: letterboxed
Q4: Along with Cary Grant, who is a notable actor whose career a viewer might follow on TCM?
A4: Humphrey Bogart
TCM's library of films spans several decades of cinema and includes thousands of film titles. Besides its deals to broadcast film releases from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Warner Bros. Entertainment, Turner Classic Movies also maintains movie licensing rights agreements with Universal Studios, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, Walt Disney Studios (primarily film content from Walt Disney Pictures, as well as most of the Selznick International Pictures library), Sony Pictures Entertainment (primarily film content from Columbia Pictures), StudioCanal, and Janus Films.

Q1: Who owns the Selznick International Pictures library?
A1: Walt Disney Studios
Q2: Who is the owner of Columbia Pictures content?
A2: Sony Pictures Entertainment
Q3: How many films are present in the TCM library?
A3: thousands
Most Paramount sound releases made prior to 1950 are owned by EMKA, Ltd./NBCUniversal Television Distribution, while Paramount (currently owned by Viacom) holds on to most of its post-1949 releases, which are distributed for television by Trifecta Entertainment & Media. Columbia's film output is owned by Sony (through Sony Pictures Television); distribution of 20th Century Fox's film library is handled for television by its 21st Century Fox subsidiary 20th Television, and the Walt Disney Studios (owned by The Walt Disney Company) has its library film output handled for television by Disney-ABC Domestic Television. Classic films released by 20th Century Fox, Paramount Pictures, Universal Studios, and Columbia Pictures are licensed individually for broadcast on Turner Classic Movies.

Q1: Who owns the majority of pre-1950 Paramount sound releases?
A1: EMKA, Ltd./NBCUniversal Television Distribution
Q2: Who owns Paramount?
A2: Viacom
Q3: Who holds TV distribution rights to Paramount's post-1949 releases?
A3: Trifecta Entertainment & Media
Q4: Who owns Walt Disney Studios?
A4: The Walt Disney Company
Q5: Who manages the TV distribution of Walt Disney Studios?
A5: Disney-ABC Domestic Television
Most feature movies shown during the prime time and early overnight hours (8:00 p.m. to 2:30 a.m. Eastern Time) are presented by film historian Robert Osborne (who has been with the network since its 1994 launch, except for a five-month medical leave from July to December 2011, when guest hosts presented each night's films) on Sunday through Wednesday evenings – with Osborne only presenting primetime films on weekends – and Ben Mankiewicz presenting only late evening films on Thursdays, and the "Silent Sunday Nights" and "TCM Imports" blocks on Sundays.

Q1: Who presents films on TCM on Wednesday nights?
A1: Robert Osborne
Q2: What is Robert Osborne by profession?
A2: film historian
Q3: Why did Robert Osborne stop presenting films on TCM for several months?
A3: medical leave
Q4: Who presents Silent Sunday Nights?
A4: Ben Mankiewicz
Q5: What is the time period covered by prime time and the early overnight?
A5: 8:00 p.m. to 2:30 a.m. Eastern Time
TCM regularly airs a "Star of the Month" throughout the year on Wednesdays starting at 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time, in which most, if not all, feature films from a classic film star are shown during that night's schedule. Hosted by Robert Osbourne, the network also marks the occurrence of a film actor's birthday (either antemortem or posthumously) or recent death with day- or evening-long festivals showcasting several of that artist's best, earliest or least-known pictures; by effect, marathons scheduled in honor of an actor's passing (which are scheduled within a month after their death) pre-empt films originally scheduled to air on that date. TCM also features a monthly program block called the "TCM Guest Programmer", in which Osborne is joined by celebrity guests responsible for choosing that evening's films (examples of such programmers during 2012 include Jules Feiffer, Anthony Bourdain, Debra Winger, Ellen Barkin, Spike Lee, Regis Philbin and Jim Lehrer); an offshoot of this block featuring Turner Classic Movies employees aired during February 2011.

Q1: On what day of the week are Star of the Month films aired?
A1: Wednesdays
Q2: Who hosts the Star of the Month films?
A2: Robert Osbourne
Q3: During what month and year did TCM Guest Programmer feature TCM employees as guests?
A3: February 2011
Q4: In what year did Spike Lee appear as a TCM Guest Programmer?
A4: 2012
Turner Classic Movies also airs regularly scheduled weekly film blocks, which are periodically preempted for special themed month-long or seasonal scheduling events, such as the "31 Days of Oscar" film series in the month preceding the Academy Awards and the month-long "Summer Under the Stars" in August; all featured programming has their own distinctive feature presentation bumper for the particular scheduled presentation. The Essentials, currently hosted by Osborne and Sally Field as of 2015[update], is a weekly film showcase airing on Saturday evenings (with a replay on the following Sunday at 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time), which spotlights a different movie and contains a special introduction and post-movie discussion.

Q1: When does 31 Days of Oscar occur?
A1: month preceding the Academy Awards
Q2: When does the Summer Under the Stars event take place?
A2: August
Q3: As of 2015, who hosted The Essentials along with Robert Osborne?
A3: Sally Field
Q4: On what day does The Essentials have its first airing each week?
A4: Saturday
Q5: On what day are repeats of The Essentials shown?
A5: Sunday
The channel also broadcasts two movie blocks during the late evening hours each Sunday: "Silent Sunday Nights", which features silent films from the United States and abroad, usually in the latest restored version and often with new musical scores; and "TCM Imports" (which previously ran on Saturdays until the early 2000s[specify]), a weekly presentation of films originally released in foreign countries. TCM Underground – which debuted in October 2006 – is a Friday late night block which focuses on cult films, the block was originally hosted by rocker/filmmaker Rob Zombie until December 2006 (though as of 2014[update], it is the only regular film presentation block on the channel that does not have a host).

Q1: What movie block shows silent films?
A1: Silent Sunday Nights
Q2: What movie block shows foreign films?
A2: TCM Imports
Q3: When did TCM Underground first appear?
A3: October 2006
Q4: On what day is TCM Underground shown?
A4: Friday
Q5: Who was the first host of TCM Underground?
A5: Rob Zombie