romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
German philosophers have helped shape western philosophy from as early as the Middle Ages (Albertus Magnus). Later, Leibniz (17th century) and most importantly Kant played central roles in the history of philosophy. Kantianism inspired the work of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche as well as German idealism defended by Fichte and Hegel. Engels helped develop communist theory in the second half of the 19th century while Heidegger and Gadamer pursued the tradition of German philosophy in the 20th century. A number of German intellectuals were also influential in sociology, most notably Adorno, Habermas, Horkheimer, Luhmann, Simmel, Tönnies, and Weber. The University of Berlin founded in 1810 by linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt served as an influential model for a number of modern western universities.

Q1: Who is a German philosopher from the middle ages?
A1: Albertus Magnus
Q2: When was Leibniz an active philosopher?
A2: 17th century
Q3: What German philosopher inspired Schopenhauer and Nietzsche?
A3: Kant
Q4: In the late 19th century, which German philosopher helped develop the idea of communism?
A4: Engels
Q5: When was the University of Berlin founded?
A5: 1810
The work of David Hilbert and Max Planck was crucial to the foundation of modern physics, which Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger developed further. They were preceded by such key physicists as Hermann von Helmholtz, Joseph von Fraunhofer, and Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, among others. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays, an accomplishment that made him the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. The Walhalla temple for "laudable and distinguished Germans", features a number of scientists, and is located east of Regensburg, in Bavaria.

Q1: Who discovered X-Rays?
A1: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
Q2: Who won the first Nobel Prize in Physics?
A2: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
Q3: In what year, was the first Nobel Prize in Physics won?
A3: 1901
Q4: Where is the Walhalla temple located?
A4: Bavaria
Q5: What two people were important to the creation of modern physics?
A5: David Hilbert and Max Planck
In the field of music, Germany claims some of the most renowned classical composers of the world including Bach, Mozart and Beethoven, who marked the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music. Other composers of the Austro-German tradition who achieved international fame include Brahms, Wagner, Haydn, Schubert, Händel, Schumann, Liszt, Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Johann Strauss II, Bruckner, Mahler, Telemann, Richard Strauss, Schoenberg, Orff, and most recently, Henze, Lachenmann, and Stockhausen.

Q1: From which country is Bach, Mozart and Beethoven from?
A1: Germany
Q2: In what tradition of music did Brahms Wagner and Hadyn achieve fame?
A2: Austro-German
Q3: Who marked the switch from classical to romantic eras in classical music?
A3: Beethoven
As of 2008[update], Germany is the fourth largest music market in the world and has exerted a strong influence on Dance and Rock music, and pioneered trance music. Artists such as Herbert Grönemeyer, Scorpions, Rammstein, Nena, Dieter Bohlen, Tokio Hotel and Modern Talking have enjoyed international fame. German musicians and, particularly, the pioneering bands Tangerine Dream and Kraftwerk have also contributed to the development of electronic music. Germany hosts many large rock music festivals annually. The Rock am Ring festival is the largest music festival in Germany, and among the largest in the world. German artists also make up a large percentage of Industrial music acts, which is called Neue Deutsche Härte. Germany hosts some of the largest Goth scenes and festivals in the entire world, with events like Wave-Gothic-Treffen and M'era Luna Festival easily attracting up to 30,000 people. Amongst Germany's famous artists there are various Dutch entertainers, such as Johannes Heesters.

Q1: In 2008,, where was Germany ranked as a world music market?
A1: fourth largest
Q2: What type of music was pioneered in Germany?
A2: trance
Q3: What type of music does Kraftwerk make?
A3: electronic
Q4: What is the largest music festival in Germany?
A4: Rock am Ring
Q5: How many people does M'era Luna Festival attract?
A5: up to 30,000
German cinema dates back to the very early years of the medium with the work of Max Skladanowsky. It was particularly influential during the years of the Weimar Republic with German expressionists such as Robert Wiene and Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau. The Nazi era produced mostly propaganda films although the work of Leni Riefenstahl still introduced new aesthetics in film. From the 1960s, New German Cinema directors such as Volker Schlöndorff, Werner Herzog, Wim Wenders, Rainer Werner Fassbinder placed West-German cinema back onto the international stage with their often provocative films, while the Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft controlled film production in the GDR.

Q1: Who was the original German cinematic?
A1: Max Skladanowsky
Q2: What types of film were produced in the Nazi era?
A2: propaganda
Q3: Who controls film production in the GDR?
A3: Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft
Q4: When did German cinema come back internationally?
A4: 1960s
More recently, films such as Das Boot (1981), The Never Ending Story (1984) Run Lola Run (1998), Das Experiment (2001), Good Bye Lenin! (2003), Gegen die Wand (Head-on) (2004) and Der Untergang (Downfall) (2004) have enjoyed international success. In 2002 the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film went to Caroline Link's Nowhere in Africa, in 2007 to Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck's The Lives of Others. The Berlin International Film Festival, held yearly since 1951, is one of the world's foremost film and cinema festivals.

Q1: In what year was the never ending story made?
A1: 1984
Q2: What award did Nowhere in Africa win in 2002?
A2: Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
Q3: In what year did The Lives of Others win the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language?
A3: 2007
Q4: How often is the Berlin International Film Festival held?
A4: yearly
Q5: What was the first year of the Berlin International Film Festival?
A5: 1951
Roman Catholicism was the sole established religion in the Holy Roman Empire until the Reformation changed this drastically. In 1517, Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church as he saw it as a corruption of Christian faith. Through this, he altered the course of European and world history and established Protestantism. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe. The war was fought largely as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire.

Q1: In what year did Martin Luther challenge the Catholic Church?
A1: 1517
Q2: During what years was the thirty year war?
A2: 1618–1648
Q3: Until the Reformation, what was the established religion in Germany?
A3: Roman Catholicism
Q4: Where was the thirty year war primarily fought?
A4: Germany
Q5: Who was the thirty year war between?
A5: Protestants and Catholics
According to the latest nationwide census, Roman Catholics constituted 30.8% of the total population of Germany, followed by the Evangelical Protestants at 30.3%. Other religions, atheists or not specified constituted 38.8% of the population at the time. Among "others" are Protestants not included in Evangelical Church of Germany, and other Christians such as the Restorationist New Apostolic Church. Protestantism was more common among the citizens of Germany. The North and East Germany is predominantly Protestant, the South and West rather Catholic. Nowadays there is a non-religious majority in Hamburg and the East German states.

Q1: What percentage of Germans are Roman Catholic?
A1: 30.8
Q2: What percentage of Germans are Evangelical Protestants?
A2: 30.3
Q3: What religion is the North and East part of Germany?
A3: Protestant
Q4: Where is there a non-religious majority?
A4: Hamburg and the East German states
Sport forms an integral part of German life, as demonstrated by the fact that 27 million Germans are members of a sports club and an additional twelve million pursue such an activity individually. Football is by far the most popular sport, and the German Football Federation (Deutscher Fußballbund) with more than 6.3 million members is the largest athletic organisation in the country. It also attracts the greatest audience, with hundreds of thousands of spectators attending Bundesliga matches and millions more watching on television.

Q1: How many Germans are members of sports clubs?
A1: 27 million
Q2: What is the most popular sport in Germany?
A2: Football
Q3: What is the largest athletic organisation in the country?
A3: German Football Federation
Q4: How many members are in the German Football Federation?
A4: 6.3 million
Since the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the internal and external evaluation of Germany's national image has changed. In the annual Nation Brands Index global survey, Germany became significantly and repeatedly more highly ranked after the tournament. People in 20 different states assessed the country's reputation in terms of culture, politics, exports, its people and its attractiveness to tourists, immigrants and investments. Germany has been named the world's second most valued nation among 50 countries in 2010. Another global opinion poll, for the BBC, revealed that Germany is recognised for the most positive influence in the world in 2010. A majority of 59% have a positive view of the country, while 14% have a negative view.

Q1: What year was the turning point for Germany in the Nation Brands Index?
A1: 2006
Q2: What year did BBC reveal that Germany is the most positive influence in the world?
A2: 2010
Q3: what percentage have a negative view of Germany?
A3: 14%
Q4: What percentage of people have a positive view of Germany?
A4: 59
Pan-Germanism's origins began in the early 19th century following the Napoleonic Wars. The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution. Nationalism during the 19th century threatened the old aristocratic regimes. Many ethnic groups of Central and Eastern Europe had been divided for centuries, ruled over by the old Monarchies of the Romanovs and the Habsburgs. Germans, for the most part, had been a loose and disunited people since the Reformation when the Holy Roman Empire was shattered into a patchwork of states. The new German nationalists, mostly young reformers such as Johann Tillmann of East Prussia, sought to unite all the German-speaking and ethnic-German (Volksdeutsche) people.

Q1: In what century did the Pan-Germanisms origins begin?
A1: 19th
Q2: What movement came out of the French Revolution?
A2: Nationalism
Q3: Who was threatened by Nationalism?
A3: aristocratic regimes
Q4: Who ruled central and Eastern Europe during the 19th century?
A4: Romanovs and the Habsburgs
Q5: Where was Johann Tillmann from?
A5: East Prussia
By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute numerical majority; the creation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was one result of the growing nationalism of other ethnicities especially the Hungarians. Prussia under Otto von Bismarck would ride on the coat-tails of nationalism to unite all of modern-day Germany. The German Empire ("Second Reich") was created in 1871 following the proclamation of Wilhelm I as head of a union of German-speaking states, while disregarding millions of its non-German subjects who desired self-determination from German rule.

Q1: Who were the two most powerful nations in the 1860's?
A1: Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire
Q2: When was the German Empire created?
A2: 1871
Q3: Who was Wilhelm I?
A3: head of a union of German-speaking states
Q4: What were Prussia and Austria looking to expand?
A4: influence and territory
Q5: Which empire was a multi ethnic state?
A5: The Austrian Empire
Following the defeat in World War I, influence of German-speaking elites over Central and Eastern Europe was greatly limited. At the treaty of Versailles Germany was substantially reduced in size. Austria-Hungary was split up. Rump-Austria, which to a certain extent corresponded to the German-speaking areas of Austria-Hungary (a complete split into language groups was impossible due to multi-lingual areas and language-exclaves) adopted the name "German-Austria" (German: Deutschösterreich). The name German-Austria was forbidden by the victorious powers of World War I. Volga Germans living in the Soviet Union were interned in gulags or forcibly relocated during the Second World War.

Q1: What greatly reduced the size of Germany after WWI?
A1: treaty of Versailles
Q2: Who was relocated during the second world war from the Soviet Union?
A2: Volga Germans
Q3: What name did Rump-Austria adopt?
A3: German-Austria
Q4: What is the German translation for German-Austria?
A4: Deutschösterreich
For decades after the Second World War, any national symbol or expression was a taboo. However, the Germans are becoming increasingly patriotic. During a study in 2009, in which some 2,000 German citizens age 14 and upwards filled out a questionnaire, nearly 60% of those surveyed agreed with the sentiment "I'm proud to be German." And 78%, if free to choose their nation, would opt for German nationality with "near or absolute certainty". Another study in 2009, carried out by the Identity Foundation in Düsseldorf, showed that 73% of the Germans were proud of their country, twice more than 8 years earlier. According to Eugen Buss, a sociology professor at the University of Hohenheim, there's an ongoing normalisation and more and more Germans are becoming openly proud of their country.

Q1: What percentage of 14 year olds said they were proud to be German in 2009?
A1: 60
Q2: What percentage of 14 year olds in 2009 said they would choose German for their nationality if they got to choose?
A2: 78
Q3: Where does Eugen Buss work?
A3: University of Hohenheim
In the midst of the European sovereign-debt crisis, Radek Sikorski, Poland's Foreign Minister, stated in November 2011, "I will probably be the first Polish foreign minister in history to say so, but here it is: I fear German power less than I am beginning to fear German inactivity. You have become Europe's indispensable nation." According to Jacob Heilbrunn, a senior editor at The National Interest, such a statement is unprecedented when taking into consideration Germany's history. "This was an extraordinary statement from a top official of a nation that was ravaged by Germany during World War II. And it reflects a profound shift taking place throughout Germany and Europe about Berlin's position at the center of the Continent." Heilbrunn believes that the adage, "what was good for Germany was bad for the European Union" has been supplanted by a new mentality—what is in the interest of Germany is also in the interest of its neighbors. The evolution in Germany's national identity stems from focusing less on its Nazi past and more on its Prussian history, which many Germans believe was betrayed—and not represented—by Nazism. The evolution is further precipitated by Germany's conspicuous position as Europe's strongest economy. Indeed, this German sphere of influence has been welcomed by the countries that border it, as demonstrated by Polish foreign minister Radek Sikorski's effusive praise for his country's western neighbor. This shift in thinking is boosted by a newer generation of Germans who see World War II as a distant memory.

Q1: Who was Poland's foreign minister in 2011?
A1: Radek Sikorski
Q2: What are Germans trying to forget?
A2: Nazi past
Q3: What are Germans trying to focus on?
A3: Prussian history
Q4: Who is Europe's strongest economy?
A4: Germany
New Haven (local /nuː ˈheɪvən/, noo-HAY-vən), in the U.S. state of Connecticut, is the principal municipality in Greater New Haven, which had a total population of 862,477 in 2010. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of the Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut, which in turn comprises the outer limits of the New York metropolitan area. It is the second-largest city in Connecticut (after Bridgeport), with a population of 129,779 people as of the 2010 United States Census. According to a census of 1 July 2012, by the Census Bureau, the city had a population of 130,741.

Q1: What is the largest city in Connecticuty?
A1: Bridgeport
Q2: What was the population of New Haven according to the 2012 Census?
A2: 130,741
Q3: What was the population of New Haven according to the 2010 Census?
A3: 129,779
Q4: What was the population of Greater New Haven in 2010?
A4: 862,477
Q5: New Haven Harbor is located on the northern shore of what waterway?
A5: Long Island Sound
Q6: In which US state is New Haven located?
A6: Connecticut
Q7: In what county is New Haven located?
A7: New Haven County
Q8: What is the population of New Haven according to the 2010 United States Census?
A8: 129,779
Q9: New Haven County makes up the outer limits of what major metropolitan area?
A9: New York metropolitan area
Q10: What is the population of New Haven City in 2010?
A10: 129,779
Q11: What is Connecticut's biggest city?
A11: Bridgeport
Q12: In what county is New Haven located in?
A12: New Haven County,
Q13: The population of the Greater New Haven in 2010?
A13: 862,477
Q14: What is the metropolitan next to New Haven County, Connecticut?
A14: New York
In 1637 a small party of Puritans reconnoitered the New Haven harbor area and wintered over. In April 1638, the main party of five hundred Puritans who left the Massachusetts Bay Colony under the leadership of the Reverend John Davenport and the London merchant Theophilus Eaton sailed into the harbor. These settlers were hoping to establish a (in their mind) better theological community, with the government more closely linked to the church than the one they left in Massachusetts and sought to take advantage of the excellent port capabilities of the harbor. The Quinnipiacs, who were under attack by neighboring Pequots, sold their land to the settlers in return for protection.

Q1: How many Puritans were in the initial group that settled New Haven?
A1: five hundred
Q2: What group sold the land to the Puritans?
A2: The Quinnipiacs
Q3: The Quinnipiacs were under attack by what group?
A3: Pequots
Q4: What is the name of the religious leader who co-led this founding group?
A4: Reverend John Davenport
Q5: What is the name of the London merchant who co-led this founding group?
A5: Theophilus Eaton
Q6: In what year did the Puritans survey New Haven Harbor?
A6: 1637
Q7: From what colony did the original 500 Puritan settlers originate?
A7: Massachusetts Bay Colony
Q8: Who was the religious leader of the original Puritan settlers?
A8: Reverend John Davenport
Q9: In what year did the original 500 Puritan settlers arrive in the New Haven harbor area?
A9: 1638
Q10: From what native tribe did the original Puritan settlers purchase land in exchange for the offer of providing protection?
A10: Quinnipiacs
Q11: What year begin the founding of New Haven Harbor?
A11: 1638
Q12: Where did the settlers came from?
A12: Massachusetts Bay Colony
Q13: What was the name of the Native Americans that sold them the land?
A13: Quinnipiacs,
Q14: In comparison to Massachusetts what where settlers hoping to establish in New Haven Harbor?
A14: better theological community
Q15: Who was the religious leader that lead the pilgrims to New Haven Harbor?
A15: Reverend John Davenport
By 1640, the town's theocratic government and nine-square grid plan were in place, and the town was renamed Newhaven from Quinnipiac. However, the area north of New Haven remained Quinnipiac until 1678, when it was renamed Hamden. The settlement became the headquarters of the New Haven Colony. At the time, the New Haven Colony was separate from the Connecticut Colony, which had been established to the north centering on Hartford. One of the principal differences between the two colonies was that the New Haven colony was an intolerant theocracy that did not permit other churches to be established, while the Connecticut colony permitted the establishment of other churches.

Q1: How did New Haven colony differ from Connecticut colony in regard to religion?
A1: New Haven colony was an intolerant theocracy that did not permit other churches to be established
Q2: What was the name of the settlement before it was called New Haven?
A2: Quinnipiac
Q3: What was the name of the area north of New Haven changed to in 1678?
A3: Hamden
Q4: What was the town center of the Connecticut colony?
A4: Hartford
Q5: What type of government did the Puritan settlers establish?
A5: theocratic government
Q6: By what year did the Puritan settlers rename the area from Quinnipac to Newhaven?
A6: 1640
Q7: In what year was the northern area of New Haven renamed Hamden?
A7: 1678
Q8: What colony was located to the north of New Haven Colony, centered around the area known as Hartford?
A8: Connecticut Colony
Q9: What did New Haven Colony not permit that principally distinguished it from Connecticut Colony?
A9: other churches to be established
Q10: In 1678 what was  the new name of the Northern part of New Haven?
A10: Hamden
Q11: New Haven Colony was separated from the Connecticut Colony which was located where?
A11: Hartford
Q12: What made New Haven different from the other colonies in Connecticut?
A12: an intolerant theocracy
Q13: Where was the headquarters of the New Haven Colony located?
A13: Quinnipiac
For over a century, New Haven citizens had fought in the colonial militia alongside regular British forces, as in the French and Indian War. As the American Revolution approached, General David Wooster and other influential residents hoped that the conflict with the government in Britain could be resolved short of rebellion. On 23 April 1775, which is still celebrated in New Haven as Powder House Day, the Second Company, Governor's Foot Guard, of New Haven entered the struggle against the governing British parliament. Under Captain Benedict Arnold, they broke into the powder house to arm themselves and began a three-day march to Cambridge, Massachusetts. Other New Haven militia members were on hand to escort George Washington from his overnight stay in New Haven on his way to Cambridge. Contemporary reports, from both sides, remark on the New Haven volunteers' professional military bearing, including uniforms.

Q1: What is the name given to the celebrated date of 23 April 1775 in New Haven?
A1: Powder House Day
Q2: Who was the captain of New Haven's Second Company, Governor's Foot Guard?
A2: Benedict Arnold
Q3: How long did the march from New Haven to Cambridge, Massachusetts take Arnold and his men?
A3: a three-day march
Q4: Who was the influential New Haven general that hoped to avoid conflict with the British Parliament as the American Revolution loomed closer?
A4: General David Wooster
Q5: What date is still commemorated by Powder House Day in New Haven?
A5: 23 April 1775
Q6: What was the name of the Second Company in New Haven that was the first to enter the inaugural struggle with the British?
A6: Governor's Foot Guard
Q7: Under whose leadership did the Governor's Foot Guard break into the powder house to arm themselves?
A7: Captain Benedict Arnold
Q8: Toward what area did the New Haven militia march for three days following the powder house incident?
A8: Cambridge, Massachusetts
Q9: Power House Day is celebrated on what day in New Haven?
A9: 23 April
Q10: What is the name of infamous historical person who played an important role on Power House Day?
A10: Benedict Arnold
Q11: Where was George Washington planning to go after staying in New Haven?
A11: Cambridge
Q12: What is the name of the New Haven Militia that fought on during Powder House Day?
A12: Governor's Foot Guard
Q13: Although the militia were mainly made of volunteers what item distinguish them from other militia companies?
A13: uniforms.