romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Various classes of Vajrayana literature developed as a result of royal courts sponsoring both Buddhism and Saivism. The Mañjusrimulakalpa, which later came to classified under Kriyatantra, states that mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda and Vaisnava tantras will be effective if applied by Buddhists since they were all taught originally by Manjushri. The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra, a work associated with the Guhyasamaja tradition, prescribes acting as a Saiva guru and initiating members into Saiva Siddhanta scriptures and mandalas. The Samvara tantra texts adopted the pitha list from the Saiva text Tantrasadbhava, introducing a copying error where a deity was mistaken for a place.

Q1: The royal courts sponsored both Buddhism and what?
A1: Saivism
Q2: Mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda, and Vaisnava tantra will be effective if applied by who?
A2: Buddhists
Q3: What work is associated with Guhyasamaja tradition?
A3: The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra
Buddhist scriptures and other texts exist in great variety. Different schools of Buddhism place varying levels of value on learning the various texts. Some schools venerate certain texts as religious objects in themselves, while others take a more scholastic approach. Buddhist scriptures are mainly written in Pāli, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Chinese. Some texts still exist in Sanskrit and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit.

Q1: There is a great variety of what type of scripture?
A1: Buddhist
Q2: Some schools venerate certain texts as religious what?
A2: objects
Unlike many religions, Buddhism has no single central text that is universally referred to by all traditions. However, some scholars have referred to the Vinaya Pitaka and the first four Nikayas of the Sutta Pitaka as the common core of all Buddhist traditions.[page needed] This could be considered misleading, as Mahāyāna considers these merely a preliminary, and not a core, teaching. The Tibetan Buddhists have not even translated most of the āgamas (though theoretically they recognize them) and they play no part in the religious life of either clergy or laity in China and Japan. Other scholars say there is no universally accepted common core. The size and complexity of the Buddhist canons have been seen by some (including Buddhist social reformer Babasaheb Ambedkar) as presenting barriers to the wider understanding of Buddhist philosophy.

Q1: Unlike most religions, Buddhism has no single central what?
A1: text
Q2: Tibetan Buddhists have not even translated most of the what?
A2: āgamas
Q3: Some scholars say there is no universally accepted common what?
A3: core
Q4: What has been seen by some as a hinderance to understanding Buddhist philosophy?
A4: size and complexity of the Buddhist canons
Over the years, various attempts have been made to synthesize a single Buddhist text that can encompass all of the major principles of Buddhism. In the Theravada tradition, condensed 'study texts' were created that combined popular or influential scriptures into single volumes that could be studied by novice monks. Later in Sri Lanka, the Dhammapada was championed as a unifying scripture.

Q1: In Sri Lanka, what was determined to be the best unifying scripture?
A1: Dhammapada
Q2: There have been attempts to create a single text with all the main ideas of what religion?
A2: Buddhism
Q3: condensed study texts where created in what tradition?
A3: Theravada
Dwight Goddard collected a sample of Buddhist scriptures, with the emphasis on Zen, along with other classics of Eastern philosophy, such as the Tao Te Ching, into his 'Buddhist Bible' in the 1920s. More recently, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar attempted to create a single, combined document of Buddhist principles in "The Buddha and His Dhamma". Other such efforts have persisted to present day, but currently there is no single text that represents all Buddhist traditions.

Q1: Goddard collected mainly what type of Buddhist scripture?
A1: Zen
Q2: Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar attempted to create a single combined document with all Buddhist principles and called it?
A2: The Buddha and His Dhamma
The Pāli Tipitaka, which means "three baskets", refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka. The Vinaya Pitaka contains disciplinary rules for the Buddhist monks and nuns, as well as explanations of why and how these rules were instituted, supporting material, and doctrinal clarification. The Sutta Pitaka contains discourses ascribed to Gautama Buddha. The Abhidhamma Pitaka contains material often described as systematic expositions of the Gautama Buddha's teachings.

Q1: What means "three baskets"?
A1: Pāli Tipitaka
Q2: What does the "three baskets" refer to?
A2: the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka
Q3: What contains disciplinary rules for Buddhist Monks and nuns?
A3: Vinaya Pitaka
Q4: What contains discourses ascribed to Gautama Buddha?
A4: the Sutta Pitaka
Q5: What contains material ofen described as systematic expositions of the Gautama Buddha teachings?
A5: Abhidhamma Pitaka
The Pāli Tipitaka is the only early Tipitaka (Sanskrit: Tripiṭaka) to survive intact in its original language, but a number of early schools had their own recensions of the Tipitaka featuring much of the same material. We have portions of the Tipitakas of the Sārvāstivāda, Dharmaguptaka, Sammitya, Mahāsaṅghika, Kāśyapīya, and Mahīśāsaka schools, most of which survive in Chinese translation only. According to some sources, some early schools of Buddhism had five or seven pitakas.

Q1: What is the only Tipitaka to survive intact in its original language?
A1: Pāli Tipitaka
Q2: Is is said that some early schools of buddhism had how many pitakas?
A2: five or seven
According to the scriptures, soon after the death of the Buddha, the first Buddhist council was held; a monk named Mahākāśyapa (Pāli: Mahākassapa) presided. The goal of the council was to record the Buddha's teachings. Upāli recited the vinaya. Ānanda, the Buddha's personal attendant, was called upon to recite the dhamma. These became the basis of the Tripitaka. However, this record was initially transmitted orally in form of chanting, and was committed to text in the last century BCE. Both the sūtras and the vinaya of every Buddhist school contain a wide variety of elements including discourses on the Dharma, commentaries on other teachings, cosmological and cosmogonical texts, stories of the Gautama Buddha's previous lives, and various other subjects.

Q1: Which monk presided after the death of the Buddha?
A1: Mahākāśyapa
Q2: What was the goal of the council?
A2: to record the Buddha's teachings
Q3: the vinaya was recited by?
A3: Upāli
Q4: Who was the Buddha's personal attendant?
A4: Ānanda
Q5: Ananda was called upon to recite what?
A5: dhamma
Much of the material in the Canon is not specifically "Theravadin", but is instead the collection of teachings that this school preserved from the early, non-sectarian body of teachings. According to Peter Harvey, it contains material at odds with later Theravadin orthodoxy. He states: "The Theravadins, then, may have added texts to the Canon for some time, but they do not appear to have tampered with what they already had from an earlier period."

Q1: Much of the material in the Canon is not specifically what?
A1: Theravadin
Q2: Who may have added texts to the Canon for some time?
A2: The Theravadins
The Mahayana sutras are a very broad genre of Buddhist scriptures that the Mahayana Buddhist tradition holds are original teachings of the Buddha. Some adherents of Mahayana accept both the early teachings (including in this the Sarvastivada Abhidharma, which was criticized by Nagarjuna and is in fact opposed to early Buddhist thought) and the Mahayana sutras as authentic teachings of Gautama Buddha, and claim they were designed for different types of persons and different levels of spiritual understanding.

Q1: What are considered the original teachings of the Buddha?
A1: Mahayana sutras
Q2: What is a very broad genre of Buddhist scripture?
A2: Mahayana sutras
Q3: What teaching was criticized by Nagarjuna?
A3: Sarvastivada Abhidharma
The Mahayana sutras often claim to articulate the Buddha's deeper, more advanced doctrines, reserved for those who follow the bodhisattva path. That path is explained as being built upon the motivation to liberate all living beings from unhappiness. Hence the name Mahāyāna (lit., the Great Vehicle).

Q1: What sutras are reserved for those who follow the bodhisattva path?
A1: Mahayana
Q2: What does Mahayana mean?
A2: the Great Vehicle
Q3: What path is described as being built upon the motivation to liberate all living beings?
A3: bodhisattva path
According to Mahayana tradition, the Mahayana sutras were transmitted in secret, came from other Buddhas or Bodhisattvas, or were preserved in non-human worlds because human beings at the time could not understand them:

Q1: What sutras were transmitted in secret?
A1: Mahayana
Q2: What sutras could have been preserved in non-human worlds?
A2: Mahayana
Q3: What tradition says that sutras might have come from other Buddhas or Bodhisattvas?
A3: Mahayana tradition
Approximately six hundred Mahayana sutras have survived in Sanskrit or in Chinese or Tibetan translations. In addition, East Asian Buddhism recognizes some sutras regarded by scholars as of Chinese rather than Indian origin.

Q1: How many Mahayana sutras have survivied in Sanskrit or in Chinese or Tibetan translations?
A1: six hundred
Q2: What buddhism recognizes sutras of Chinese origin?
A2: East Asian Buddhism
Generally, scholars conclude that the Mahayana scriptures were composed from the 1st century CE onwards: "Large numbers of Mahayana sutras were being composed in the period between the beginning of the common era and the fifth century", five centuries after the historical Gautama Buddha. Some of these had their roots in other scriptures composed in the 1st century BCE. It was not until after the 5th century CE that the Mahayana sutras started to influence the behavior of mainstream Buddhists in India: "But outside of texts, at least in India, at exactly the same period, very different—in fact seemingly older—ideas and aspirations appear to be motivating actual behavior, and old and established Hinnayana groups appear to be the only ones that are patronized and supported." These texts were apparently not universally accepted among Indian Buddhists when they appeared; the pejorative label Hinayana was applied by Mahayana supporters to those who rejected the Mahayana sutras.

Q1: When did Mahayana sutras start to influence the behavior of mainstream buddhists in India?
A1: after the 5th century CE
Q2: What was the pejorative label for those that rejected Mahayana sutras?
A2: Hinayana
Only the Theravada school does not include the Mahayana scriptures in its canon. As the modern Theravada school is descended from a branch of Buddhism that diverged and established itself in Sri Lanka prior to the emergence of the Mahayana texts, debate exists as to whether the Theravada were historically included in the hinayana designation; in the modern era, this label is seen as derogatory, and is generally avoided.

Q1: What school does not include the Mahayava scriptures in its canon?
A1: the Theravada
Q2: The modern Theravada school stablished itself in what country?
A2: Sri Lanka
Q3: What Mahayana related label is considered derogatory?
A3: hinayana
Scholar Isabelle Onians asserts that although "the Mahāyāna ... very occasionally referred contemptuously to earlier Buddhism as the Hinayāna, the Inferior Way," "the preponderance of this name in the secondary literature is far out of proportion to occurrences in the Indian texts." She notes that the term Śrāvakayāna was "the more politically correct and much more usual" term used by Mahāyānists. Jonathan Silk has argued that the term "Hinayana" was used to refer to whomever one wanted to criticize on any given occasion, and did not refer to any definite grouping of Buddhists.

Q1: The mahayana occasionally referred to early Buddhism as what?
A1: Hinayana
Q2: What term was more politically correct term for the word Hinayana?
A2: Śrāvakayāna
Buddhism provides many opportunities for comparative study with a diverse range of subjects. For example, Buddhism's emphasis on the Middle way not only provides a unique guideline for ethics but has also allowed Buddhism to peacefully coexist with various differing beliefs, customs and institutions in countries where it has resided throughout its history. Also, its moral and spiritual parallels with other systems of thought—for example, with various tenets of Christianity—have been subjects of close study. In addition, the Buddhist concept of dependent origination has been compared to modern scientific thought, as well as Western metaphysics.

Q1: What provides chances for comparative study with a large range of subjects?
A1: Buddhism
Q2: Buddhism's emphasis on the Middle Way provides a guideline for what?
A2: ethics
Q3: Buddism has what kind of parallels withother systems of thought?
A3: moral and spiritual
Q4: Buddhism had similiar tenets to what other common religion?
A4: Christianity
Q5: Buddhist concept of dependent origination has been compared to what modern thought?
A5: scientific
There are differences of opinion on the question of whether or not Buddhism should be considered a religion. Many sources commonly refer to Buddhism as a religion. For example:

Q1: What school of thought is questioned on whether or not it is a religion?
A1: Buddhism
Q2: What is often referred to as a religion by many sources?
A2: Buddhism
American Idol is an American singing competition series created by Simon Fuller and produced by 19 Entertainment, and is distributed by FremantleMedia North America. It began airing on Fox on June 11, 2002, as an addition to the Idols format based on the British series Pop Idol and has since become one of the most successful shows in the history of American television. The concept of the series is to find new solo recording artists, with the winner being determined by the viewers in America. Winners chosen by viewers through telephone, Internet, and SMS text voting were Kelly Clarkson, Ruben Studdard, Fantasia Barrino, Carrie Underwood, Taylor Hicks, Jordin Sparks, David Cook, Kris Allen, Lee DeWyze, Scotty McCreery, Phillip Phillips, Candice Glover, Caleb Johnson, and Nick Fradiani.

Q1: Who is the creator of American Idol?
A1: Simon Fuller
Q2: What company produces American idol?
A2: 19 Entertainment
Q3: What year did American Idol begin airing?
A3: 2002
Q4: What British show is American Idols format based on?
A4: Pop Idol
Q5: What television network does American Idol air on?
A5: Fox
Q6: What company produces American Idol?
A6: 19 Entertainment
Q7: What British series is American Idols format based on?
A7: Pop Idol
Q8: Who created American Idol?
A8: Simon Fuller
Q9: Who produced American Idol?
A9: 19 Entertainment
Q10: When did American Idol first air on TV?
A10: June 11, 2002
Q11: What British show was American Idol based on?
A11: Pop Idol
American Idol employs a panel of judges who critique the contestants' performances. The original judges were record producer and music manager Randy Jackson, pop singer and choreographer Paula Abdul and music executive and manager Simon Cowell. The judging panel for the most recent season consisted of country singer Keith Urban, singer and actress Jennifer Lopez, and jazz singer Harry Connick, Jr. The show was originally hosted by radio personality Ryan Seacrest and comedian Brian Dunkleman, with Seacrest continuing on for the rest of the seasons.

Q1: What record producer was an original judge on American Idol?
A1: Randy Jackson
Q2: What comedian was an original host on American Idol?
A2: Brian Dunkleman
Q3: What actress is a judge on the most current season of American Idol?
A3: Jennifer Lopez
Q4: Who was a host on all seasons of American Idol?
A4: Ryan Seacrest
Q5: What comedian was an original host on American Idol?
A5: Brian Dunkleman
Q6: What pop singer was an original judge on American Idol?
A6: Paula Abdul
Q7: What actress is a judge on the most current season of American Idol?
A7: Jennifer Lopez
Q8: Which original judge was a record producer and music manager?
A8: Randy Jackson
Q9: Which original judge was a choreographer?
A9: Paula Abdul
Q10: Which original judge was a music executive?
A10: Simon Cowell
Q11: Which judge is a country music singer?
A11: Keith Urban
Q12: Which judge is a jazz singer?
A12: Harry Connick, Jr.
The success of American Idol has been described as "unparalleled in broadcasting history". The series was also said by a rival TV executive to be "the most impactful show in the history of television". It has become a recognized springboard for launching the career of many artists as bona fide stars. According to Billboard magazine, in its first ten years, "Idol has spawned 345 Billboard chart-toppers and a platoon of pop idols, including Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood, Chris Daughtry, Fantasia, Ruben Studdard, Jennifer Hudson, Clay Aiken, Adam Lambert and Jordin Sparks while remaining a TV ratings juggernaut."

Q1: How many Billboard hits did American Idol produce in its first ten years?
A1: 345
Q2: Who was a pop idol that started on American Idol?
A2: Kelly Clarkson
Q3: Who called American Idol "the most impactful show in the history of television"?
A3: a rival TV executive
Q4: Who was a pop idol that started on American Idol?
A4: Carrie Underwood
Q5: Who was a pop idol that started on American Idol?
A5: Fantasia
Q6: Who was a pop idol that started on American Idol?
A6: Carrie Underwood
Q7: Who was a pop idol that started on American Idol?
A7: Fantasia
Q8: How many Billboard chart toppers did American Idol contestants have within the first ten seasons?
A8: 345
Q9: Who said that American Idol is "the most impactful show in the history of televsion?
A9: a rival TV executive
For an unprecedented eight consecutive years, from the 2003–04 television season through the 2010–11 season, either its performance or result show had been ranked number one in U.S. television ratings. The popularity of American Idol however declined, and on May 11, 2015, Fox announced that the series would conclude its run in its fifteenth season.

Q1: What year did FOX announce that American Idol was cancelled?
A1: 2015
Q2: What year did FOX announce the cancellation of American Idol?
A2: 2015
Q3: For how many seasons did American Idol air?
A3: 15
Q4: How many consecutive years did American Idol been ranked number one in ratings?
A4: eight
Q5: When did Fox announce that American Idol is ending?
A5: May 11, 2015
American Idol was based on the British show Pop Idol created by Simon Fuller, which was in turn inspired by the New Zealand television singing competition Popstars. Television producer Nigel Lythgoe saw it in Australia and helped bring it over to Britain. Fuller was inspired by the idea from Popstars of employing a panel of judges to select singers in audition. He then added other elements, such as telephone voting by the viewing public (which at the time was already in use in shows such as the Eurovision Song Contest), the drama of backstories and real-life soap opera unfolding in real time. The show debuted in 2001 in Britain with Lythgoe as showrunner‍—‌the executive producer and production leader‍—‌and Simon Cowell as one of the judges, and was a big success with the viewing public.

Q1: What show in New Zealand was the inspiration for the British Series Pop Idol?
A1: Popstars
Q2: Who was the creator of British Series Pop Idol?
A2: Simon Fuller
Q3: What year did Pop Idol make its television debut?
A3: 2001
Q4: Who was a judge on the British series Pop Idol in 2001?
A4: Simon Cowell
Q5: Wha was the executive producer of Pop Idol in 2001?
A5: Nigel Lythgoe
Q6: What show was Pop Idols based on?
A6: Popstars
Q7: Who saw Popstars while in Australia and wanted Britain to have the same thing?
A7: Nigel Lythgoe
Q8: In addition to back stories and drama, what did Fuller add to the show?
A8: telephone voting
Q9: When did Pop Idol premiere in Britain?
A9: 2001
Q10: Who was the executive producer of Pop Idol?
A10: Lythgoe
In 2001, Fuller, Cowell, and TV producer Simon Jones attempted to sell the Pop Idol format to the United States, but the idea was met with poor response from United States television networks. However, Rupert Murdoch, head of Fox's parent company, was persuaded to buy the show by his daughter Elisabeth, who was a fan of the British show. The show was renamed American Idol: The Search for a Superstar and debuted in the summer of 2002. Cowell was initially offered the job as showrunner but refused; Lythgoe then took over that position. Much to Cowell's surprise, it became one of the hit shows for the summer that year. The show, with the personal engagement of the viewers with the contestants through voting, and the presence of the acid-tongued Cowell as a judge, grew into a phenomenon. By 2004, it had become the most-watched show in the U.S., a position it then held on for seven consecutive seasons.

Q1: For how many seasons was American Idol the most watched show in the US?
A1: seven
Q2: What year did American Idol first air on FOX?
A2: 2002
Q3: What year did producers attempt to sell the Pop Idol format in the United States?
A3: 2001
Q4: Who talked Rupert Murdoch into buying American Idol for FOX?
A4: his daughter Elisabeth
Q5: Who is the head of Fox's parent company?
A5: Rupert Murdoch
Q6: What was Pop Idol renamed to for its American debut?
A6: American Idol: The Search for a Superstar
The show had originally planned on having four judges following the Pop Idol format; however, only three judges had been found by the time of the audition round in the first season, namely Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell. A fourth judge, radio DJ Stryker, was originally chosen but he dropped out citing "image concerns". In the second season, New York radio personality Angie Martinez had been hired as a fourth judge but withdrew only after a few days of auditions due to not being comfortable with giving out criticism. The show decided to continue with the three judges format until season eight. All three original judges stayed on the judging panel for eight seasons.

Q1: For how many seasons were the three original judges on American Idol?
A1: eight
Q2: How many judges were originally planned for American Idol?
A2: four
Q3: What New York radio personalty was hired as a judge for American Idol in season two but declined?
A3: Angie Martinez
Q4: What radio DJ was originally hired as a judge in season one but declined?
A4: Stryker
Q5: How many judges were originally intended for the show?
A5: four
Q6: Which judge quit before the premiere, citing image concerns?
A6: DJ Stryker
Q7: During Season two, which judge quit after a few days?
A7: Angie Martinez
Q8: When did American Idol change to a four-judge panel?
A8: season eight