romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Construction began in 1941 of two airbases consisting of 5.8 km2 (2.2 sq mi) of land, largely reclaimed from the sea. For many years, Bermuda's bases were used by US Air Force transport and refuelling aircraft and by US Navy aircraft patrolling the Atlantic for enemy submarines, first German and, later, Soviet. The principal installation, Kindley Air Force Base on the eastern coast, was transferred to the US Navy in 1970 and redesignated Naval Air Station Bermuda. As a naval air station, the base continued to host both transient and deployed USN and USAF aircraft, as well as transitioning or deployed Royal Air Force and Canadian Forces aircraft.

Q1: What did the US begin building in 1941?
A1: two airbases
Q2: Who primarily used the bases in Bermuda?
A2: US Air Force transport and refuelling aircraft and by US Navy aircraft
Q3: What was the navy patrolling for?
A3: enemy submarines, first German and, later, Soviet
Q4: What was the Naval Air Station Bermuda originally?
A4: Kindley Air Force Base
Q5: What is the Naval Air Station used for?
A5: host both transient and deployed USN and USAF aircraft, as well as transitioning or deployed Royal Air Force and Canadian Forces aircraft.
The original NAS Bermuda on the west side of the island, a seaplane base until the mid-1960s, was designated as the Naval Air Station Bermuda Annex. It provided optional anchorage and/or dockage facilities for transiting US Navy, US Coast Guard and NATO vessels, depending on size. An additional US Navy compound known as Naval Facility Bermuda (NAVFAC Bermuda), a SOSUS station, was located to the west of the Annex near a Canadian Forces communications facility. Although leased for 99 years, US forces withdrew in 1995, as part of the wave of base closures following the end of the Cold War.

Q1: What was the NAS primarily a base for?
A1: seaplane
Q2: What did the NAS Bermuda offer once designated Annex?
A2: anchorage and/or dockage facilities for transiting US Navy, US Coast Guard and NATO vessels
Q3: What is located west of the NAS Annex?
A3: additional US Navy compound known as Naval Facility Bermuda
Q4: What happened at the end of the Cold War?
A4: US forces withdrew
Bermudians served in the British armed forces during both World War I and World War II. After the latter, Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert, Bermuda's highest-ranking soldier, was instrumental in developing the Bermuda Regiment. A number of other Bermudians and their descendants had preceded him into senior ranks, including Bahamian-born Admiral Lord Gambier, and Bermudian-born Royal Marines Brigadier Harvey. When promoted to Brigadier at age 39, following his wounding at the Anzio landings, Harvey became the youngest-ever Royal Marine Brigadier. The Cenotaph in front of the Cabinet Building (in Hamilton) was erected in tribute to Bermuda's Great War dead (the tribute was later extended to Bermuda's Second World War dead) and is the site of the annual Remembrance Day commemoration.

Q1: When did Bermudians serve in the British Armed forces?
A1: World War I and World War II
Q2: Who was key to establishing Bermuda's Regiment?
A2: Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert
Q3: Who was the youngest Royal Marine Brigadier?
A3: Brigadier Harvey
Q4: What is the site for Bermuda's Remembrance Day?
A4: Cenotaph in front of the Cabinet Building
In 1970 the country switched its currency from the Bermudian pound to the Bermudian dollar, which is pegged at par with the US dollar. US notes and coins are used interchangeably with Bermudian notes and coins within the islands for most practical purposes; however, banks levy an exchange rate fee for the purchase of US dollars with Bermudian dollars. Bermudian notes carry the image of Queen Elizabeth II. The Bermuda Monetary Authority is the issuing authority for all banknotes and coins, and regulates financial institutions. The Royal Naval Dockyard Museum holds a permanent exhibition of Bermuda notes and coins.

Q1: What was the new currency in Bermuda as of 1970?
A1: Bermudian dollar
Q2: The Bermudian dollar is equal to what other currency and can be used interchangeably?
A2: US dollar
Q3: Who is pictured on Bermudian dollars?
A3: Queen Elizabeth II.
Q4: Where can you see a permanent exhibition of Bermuda currency?
A4: Royal Naval Dockyard Museum
Q5: Who regulates all financial institutions as well as the issuing of money?
A5: Bermuda Monetary Authority
Bermuda is an offshore financial centre, which results from its minimal standards of business regulation/laws and direct taxation on personal or corporate income. It has one of the highest consumption taxes in the world and taxes all imports in lieu of an income tax system. Bermudas's consumption tax is equivalent to local income tax to local residents and funds government and infrastructure expenditures. The local tax system depends upon import duties, payroll taxes and consumption taxes. The legal system is derived from that of the United Kingdom, with recourse to English courts of final appeal. Foreign private individuals cannot easily open bank accounts or subscribe to mobile phone or internet services.

Q1: Why is Bermuda considered an offshore financial center?
A1: minimal standards of business regulation/laws and direct taxation on personal or corporate income
Q2: What does it do in place of an income tax system?
A2: taxes all imports
Q3: What is Bermuda's legal system derived from?
A3: United Kingdom, with recourse to English courts of final appeal
Q4: What three things does the tax system depend on?
A4: import duties, payroll taxes and consumption taxes
Q5: What does Bermuda use the consumption tax for?
A5: funds government and infrastructure expenditures
There are four hundred securities listed on the stock exchange, of which almost three hundred are offshore funds and alternative investment structures attracted by Bermuda's regulatory environment. The Exchange specialises in listing and trading of capital market instruments such as equities, debt issues, funds (including hedge fund structures) and depository receipt programmes. The BSX is a full member of the World Federation of Exchanges and is located in an OECD member nation. It also has Approved Stock Exchange status under Australia's Foreign Investment Fund (FIF) taxation rules and Designated Investment Exchange status by the UK's Financial Services Authority.

Q1: What does the Exchange specialize in?
A1: listing and trading of capital market instruments such as equities, debt issues, funds
Q2: What is the BSX a member of?
A2: the World Federation of Exchanges
Q3: Where is the BSX located?
A3: an OECD member nation
Q4: Which foreign country offers the BSX Approved Stock Exchange Status?
A4: Australia
Many sports popular today were formalised by British Public schools and universities in the 19th century. These schools produced the civil servants and military and naval officers required to build and maintain the British empire, and team sports were considered a vital tool for training their students to think and act as part of a team. Former public schoolboys continued to pursue these activities, and founded organisations such as the Football Association (FA). Today's association of football with the working classes began in 1885 when the FA changed its rules to allow professional players.

Q1: Who created and popularized many of the sports that we love today?
A1: British Public schools and universities in the 19th century
Q2: Why were sports important in these schools?
A2: sports were considered a vital tool for training their students to think and act as part of a team
Q3: Who founded organizations like the FA?
A3: Former public schoolboys
Q4: What changed in 1885 due to the FA changing rules?
A4: association of football with the working classes
The professionals soon displaced the amateur ex-Public schoolboys. Bermuda's role as the primary Royal Navy base in the Western Hemisphere, with an army garrison to match, ensured that the naval and military officers quickly introduced the newly formalised sports to Bermuda, including cricket, football, Rugby football, and even tennis and rowing (rowing did not adapt well from British rivers to the stormy Atlantic. The officers soon switched to sail racing, founding the Royal Bermuda Yacht Club). Once these sports reached Bermuda, they were eagerly adopted by Bermudians.

Q1: What happened to the Public schoolboys in these sports?
A1: professionals soon displaced the amateur ex-Public schoolboys
Q2: How were sports introduced in Bermuda?
A2: Bermuda's role as the primary Royal Navy base in the Western Hemisphere,
Q3: Which sport did not transfer well to Bermuda?
A3: rowing
Q4: Which sport was quickly adopted?
A4: sail racing
Bermuda's national cricket team participated in the Cricket World Cup 2007 in the West Indies. Their most famous player is a 130 kilograms (290 lb) police officer named Dwayne Leverock. But India defeated Bermuda and set a record of 413 runs in a One-Day International (ODI). Bermuda were knocked out of the World Cup. Also very well-known is David Hemp, a former captain of Glamorgan in English first class cricket. The annual "Cup Match" cricket tournament between rival parishes St George's in the east and Somerset in the west is the occasion for a popular national holiday. This tournament began in 1872 when Captain Moresby of the Royal Navy introduced the game to Bermuda, holding a match at Somerset to mark forty years since the unjust thraldom of slavery. The East End versus West End rivalry resulted from the locations of the St. George's Garrison (the original army headquarters in Bermuda) on Barrack Hill, St. George's, and the Royal Naval Dockyard at Ireland Island. Moresby founded the Somerset Cricket Club which plays the St. George's Cricket Club in this game (the membership of both clubs has long been mostly civilian).

Q1: What Bermuda sport team participated in the 2007 world cup?
A1: national cricket team
Q2: Who is Bermuda's most popular Cricket player?
A2: Dwayne Leverock
Q3: Who defeated Bermuda?
A3: India
Q4: What began in 1872 when the game of cricket was introduced to Bermuda?
A4: annual "Cup Match"
Q5: Why is there an East End/West End rivalry?
A5: rivalry resulted from the locations
At the 2004 Summer Olympics, Bermuda competed in sailing, athletics, swimming, diving, triathlon and equestrian events. In those Olympics, Bermuda's Katura Horton-Perinchief made history by becoming the first black female diver to compete in the Olympic Games. Bermuda has had one Olympic medallist, Clarence Hill, who won a bronze medal in boxing. Bermuda also competed in Men's Skeleton at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. Patrick Singleton placed 19th, with a final time of 1:59.81. Jillian Teceira competed in the Beijing Olympics in 2008. It is tradition for Bermuda to march in the Opening Ceremony in Bermuda shorts, regardless of the summer or winter Olympic celebration. Bermuda also competes in the biennial Island Games, which it hosted in 2013.

Q1: What events did Bermuda compete in at the 2004 Summer Olympics?
A1: sailing, athletics, swimming, diving, triathlon and equestrian events
Q2: What did Katura Horton-Perinchief do?
A2: made history by becoming the first black female diver to compete in the Olympic Games.
Q3: What is the only medal Bermuda has ever won?
A3: bronze medal in boxing.
Q4: What is the Olympic tradition for Bermuda, regardless of season?
A4: march in the Opening Ceremony in Bermuda shorts
Bermuda has developed a proud Rugby Union community. The Bermuda Rugby Union team won the 2011 Caribbean championships, defeating Guyana in the final. They previously beat The Bahamas and Mexico to take the crown. Rugby 7's is also played, with four rounds scheduled to take place in the 2011–2012 season. The Bermuda 7's team competed in the 2011 Las Vegas 7's, defeating the Mexican team. There are four clubs on the island: (1) Police (2) Mariners (3) Teachers (4) Renegades. There is a men's and women's competition–current league champions are Police (Men) (winning the title for the first time since the 1990s) and Renegades (women's). Games are currently played at Warwick Academy. Bermuda u/19 team won the 2010 Caribbean Championships.

Q1: Who won the 2011 Caribbean championships?
A1: The Bermuda Rugby Union team
Q2: How many clubs are on the island?
A2: There are four clubs on the island
Q3: Who are the reigning league champions?
A3: Police (Men)
Q4: Where are the Women's games played?
A4: Warwick Academy.
Q5: What did the Bermuda u/19 team win?
A5: 2010 Caribbean Championships
Modern-day Nigeria has been the site of numerous kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia. The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century, and the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960, and plunged into a civil war from 1967 to 1970. It has since alternated between democratically-elected civilian governments and military dictatorships, until it achieved a stable democracy in 1999, with its 2011 presidential elections being viewed as the first to be conducted reasonably freely and fairly.

Q1: When did the Southern and Northern Nigeria Protectorates merge?
A1: 1914
Q2: Which empire ruled Nigeria as a colony?
A2: British
Q3: When did Nigeria become independent from Britain?
A3: 1960
Q4: When did a Nigerian Civil War begin?
A4: 1967
Q5: When did Nigeria have a fair presidential election?
A5: 2011
Nigeria is often referred to as the "Giant of Africa", owing to its large population and economy. With approximately 182 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world. The country is viewed as a multinational state, as it is inhabited by over 500 ethnic groups, of which the three largest are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba; these ethnic groups speak over 500 different languages, and are identified with wide variety of cultures. The official language is English. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians, who live mostly in the southern part of the country, and Muslims in the northern part. A minority of the population practise religions indigenous to Nigeria, such as those native to Igbo and Yoruba peoples.

Q1: Which country is called the 'Giant of Africa'?
A1: Nigeria
Q2: How many people live in Nigeria?
A2: 182 million
Q3: How does Nigeria rank among the largest-population countries in the world?
A3: seventh
Q4: How many languages are spoken by Nigerians?
A4: over 500
Q5: What is Nigeria's official language?
A5: English
As of 2015[update], Nigeria is the world's 20th largest economy, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively. It overtook South Africa to become Africa's largest economy in 2014. Also, the debt-to-GDP ratio is only 11 percent, which is 8 percent below the 2012 ratio. Nigeria is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank; It has been identified as a regional power on the African continent, a middle power in international affairs, and has also been identified as an emerging global power. Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries, which are widely seen as the globe's next "BRIC-like" economies. It is also listed among the "Next Eleven" economies set to become among the biggest in the world. Nigeria is a founding member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, OPEC, and the United Nations amongst other international organisations.

Q1: What is Nigeria's 2015 GDP?
A1: $500 billion
Q2: What is Nigeria's 2015 purchasing power parity?
A2: $1 trillion
Q3: When did Nigeria's economy become larger than South Africa's?
A3: 2014
Q4: What is the largest economy in Africa?
A4: Nigeria
Q5: What is Nigeria's debt-to-GDP ratio?
A5: 11 percent
Since 2002, the North East of the country has seen sectarian violence by Boko Haram, an Islamist movement that seeks to abolish the secular system of government and establish Sharia law. Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan in May 2014 claimed that Boko Haram attacks have left at least 12,000 people dead and 8,000 people crippled. At the same time, neighbouring countries, Benin, Chad, Cameroon and Niger joined Nigeria in a united effort to combat Boko Haram in the aftermath of a world media highlighted kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls and the spread of Boko Haram attacks to these countries.

Q1: When did Boko Haram become active in Nigeria?
A1: 2002
Q2: Who is the President of Nigeria?
A2: Goodluck Jonathan
Q3: How many people had Boko Haram killed by May 2014?
A3: at least 12,000
Q4: How many schoolgirls did Boko Haram kidnap?
A4: 276
The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was allegedly coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, she was inspired by the name of the river, in preference to terms such as "Central Sudan". The origin of the name ''Nigeria'' came from the name of the Niger River. The word ( Niger )  is an alteration of the Tuareg name egerew n-igerewen used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism. Egerew n-igerewen means River of the Rivers.

Q1: What is Nigeria named after?
A1: the Niger River
Q2: Who came up with the name Nigeria in the 19th century?
A2: Flora Shaw
Q3: What was Nigeria's region called by the British before the name Nigeria?
A3: Central Sudan
Q4: What language does the name of the Niger River come from?
A4: Tuareg
Q5: Which river reaches Timbuktu?
A5: Niger
The Kingdom of Nri of the Igbo people consolidated in the 10th century and continued until it lost its sovereignty to the British in 1911. Nri was ruled by the Eze Nri, and the city of Nri is considered to be the foundation of Igbo culture. Nri and Aguleri, where the Igbo creation myth originates, are in the territory of the Umeuri clan. Members of the clan trace their lineages back to the patriarchal king-figure Eri. In West Africa, the oldest bronzes made using the lost-wax process were from Igbo Ukwu, a city under Nri influence.

Q1: Which tribe ran the city of Nri?
A1: Igbo
Q2: When was Nri taken over by the British?
A2: 1911
Q3: Igbo Ukwu made the oldest bronze art using which process?
A3: lost-wax
Q4: Who ruled Nri?
A4: the Eze Nri
Q5: Which clan is Nri in the territory of?
A5: Umeuri
For centuries, various peoples in modern-day Nigeria traded overland with traders from North Africa. Cities in the area became regional centres in a broad network of trade routes that spanned western, central and northern Africa. In the 16th century, Spanish and Portuguese explorers were the first Europeans to begin significant, direct trade with peoples of modern-day Nigeria, at the port they named Lagos and in Calabar. Europeans traded goods with peoples at the coast; coastal trade with Europeans also marked the beginnings of the Atlantic slave trade. The port of Calabar on the historical Bight of Biafra (now commonly referred to as the Bight of Bonny) become one of the largest slave trading posts in West Africa in the era of the transatlantic slave trade. Other major slaving ports in Nigeria were located in Badagry, Lagos on the Bight of Benin and on Bonny Island on the Bight of Biafra. The majority of those enslaved and taken to these ports were captured in raids and wars. Usually the captives were taken back to the conquerors' territory as forced labour; after time, they were sometimes acculturated and absorbed into the conquerors' society. A number of slave routes were established throughout Nigeria linking the hinterland areas with the major coastal ports. Some of the more prolific slave traders were linked with the Oyo Empire in the southwest, the Aro Confederacy in the southeast and the Sokoto Caliphate in the north.

Q1: What region has Nigeria traded with for centuries?
A1: North Africa
Q2: Which countries' explorers were the first Europeans to trade with Nigeria?
A2: Spanish and Portuguese
Q3: Calabar is on which historical Bight?
A3: Biafra
Q4: What is the current name of the Bight of Biafra?
A4: Bight of Bonny
Q5: Who were the major slave traders through Nigeria from the southwest?
A5: Oyo Empire
The slave trade was engaged in by European state and non-state actors such as Great Britain, the Netherlands, Portugal and private companies, as well as various African states and non-state actors. With rising anti-slavery sentiment at home and changing economic realities, Great Britain outlawed the international slave trade in 1807. Following the Napoleonic Wars, Great Britain established the West Africa Squadron in an attempt to halt the international traffic in slaves. It stopped ships of other nations that were leaving the African coast with slaves; the seized slaves were taken to Freetown, a colony in West Africa originally established for the resettlement of freed slaves from Britain. Britain intervened in the Lagos Kingship power struggle by bombarding Lagos in 1851, deposing the slave trade friendly Oba Kosoko, helping to install the amenable Oba Akitoye, and signing the Treaty between Great Britain and Lagos on 1 January 1852. Britain annexed Lagos as a Crown Colony in August 1861 with the Lagos Treaty of Cession. British missionaries expanded their operations and travelled further inland. In 1864, Samuel Ajayi Crowther became the first African bishop of the Anglican Church.

Q1: When did Britain outlaw slave trade?
A1: 1807
Q2: After which war did Britain establish its West Africa Squadron?
A2: Napoleonic Wars
Q3: Which Lagos king had supported the slave trade?
A3: Oba Kosoko
Q4: Where did Britain intervene in a power struggle?
A4: Lagos
Q5: Where did Britain take slaves it seized from traders?
A5: Freetown
In 1885, British claims to a West African sphere of influence received recognition from other European nations at the Berlin Conference. The following year, it chartered the Royal Niger Company under the leadership of Sir George Taubman Goldie. In 1900 the company's territory came under the control of the British government, which moved to consolidate its hold over the area of modern Nigeria. On 1 January 1901, Nigeria became a British protectorate, and part of the British Empire, the foremost world power at the time. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries the independent kingdoms of what would become Nigeria fought a number of conflicts against the British Empire's efforts to expand its territory. By war, the British conquered Benin in 1897, and, in the Anglo-Aro War (1901–1902), defeated other opponents. The restraint or conquest of these states opened up the Niger area to British rule.

Q1: Where was Britain's claim to West Africa recognized in 1885?
A1: the Berlin Conference
Q2: What company was led by Sir George Taubman Goldie?
A2: Royal Niger Company
Q3: When did the British government take over the Royal Niger Company's territory?
A3: 1900
Q4: When did Nigeria become a British protectorate?
A4: 1 January 1901
Q5: Which country did Britain conquer in 1897?
A5: Benin
Christian missions established Western educational institutions in the Protectorates. Under Britain's policy of indirect rule and validation of Islamic tradition, the Crown did not encourage the operation of Christian missions in the northern, Islamic part of the country. Some children of the southern elite went to Great Britain to pursue higher education. By independence in 1960, regional differences in modern educational access were marked. The legacy, though less pronounced, continues to the present-day. Imbalances between North and South were expressed in Nigeria's political life as well. For instance, northern Nigeria did not outlaw slavery until 1936 whilst in other parts of Nigeria slavery was abolished soon after colonialism.

Q1: What religion built Western schools in Nigeria?
A1: Christian
Q2: Britain discouraged building Christian missions in which part of Nigeria?
A2: northern
Q3: What religion was the majority in the northern part of Nigeria?
A3: Islamic
Q4: When did Nigeria receive independence?
A4: 1960
Q5: When did northern Nigeria ban slavery?
A5: 1936