romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
The tram system that now criss-crosses the historic city centre complements walking and biking in it. The centre has been transformed into a pedestrian priority zone that enables and invites walking and biking by making these active modes of transport comfortable, safe and enjoyable. These attributes are accomplished by applying the principle of "filtered permeability" to the existing irregular network of streets. It means that the network adaptations favour active transportation and, selectively, "filter out" the car by reducing the number of streets that run through the centre. While certain streets are discontinuous for cars, they connect to a network of pedestrian and bike paths which permeate the entire centre. In addition, these paths go through public squares and open spaces increasing the enjoyment of the trip. This logic of filtering a mode of transport is fully expressed in a comprehensive model for laying out neighbourhoods and districts – the Fused Grid.

Q1: What system also complements walking and biking?
A1: tram
Q2: What kind of priority zone has the city centre been transformed into?
A2: pedestrian
Q3: What do bike paths go through to add enjoyment to the trip?
A3: public squares
Q4: What is the layout of the neighbourhoods called?
A4: Fused Grid
At present the A35 autoroute, which parallels the Rhine between Karlsruhe and Basel, and the A4 autoroute, which links Paris with Strasbourg, penetrate close to the centre of the city. The Grand contournement ouest (GCO) project, programmed since 1999, plans to construct a 24 km (15 mi) long highway connection between the junctions of the A4 and the A35 autoroutes in the north and of the A35 and A352 autoroutes in the south. This routes well to the west of the city and is meant to divest a significant portion of motorized traffic from the unité urbaine.

Q1: What route parallels the Rhine?
A1: A35 autoroute
Q2: What year did the Grand contournement ouest project open?
A2: 1999
Q3: How far is the connection between junctions A4 and the A35?
A3: 24 km
Q4: The traffic coming west of the city is from where?
A4: unité urbaine
Oklahoma i/ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/ (Cherokee: Asgaya gigageyi / ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎩᎦᎨᏱ; or translated ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎹ (òɡàlàhoma), Pawnee: Uukuhuúwa, Cayuga: Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state located in the South Central United States. Oklahoma is the 20th most extensive and the 28th most populous of the 50 United States. The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning "red people". It is also known informally by its nickname, The Sooner State, in reference to the non-Native settlers who staked their claims on the choicest pieces of land before the official opening date, and the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889, which opened the door for white settlement in America's Indian Territory. The name was settled upon statehood, Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were merged and Indian was dropped from the name. On November 16, 1907, Oklahoma became the 46th state to enter the union. Its residents are known as Oklahomans, or informally "Okies", and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City.

Q1: What is the Cherokee name for Oklahoma?
A1: Asgaya gigageyi
Q2: What is the Pawnee name for Oklahoma?
A2: Uukuhuúwa
Q3: What is the Cayuga name for Oklahoma?
A3: Gahnawiyoˀgeh
Q4: Where does Oklahoma rank by population?
A4: 28th
Q5: What is Oklahoma's nickname?
A5: The Sooner State
The name Oklahoma comes from the Choctaw phrase okla humma, literally meaning red people. Choctaw Chief Allen Wright suggested the name in 1866 during treaty negotiations with the federal government regarding the use of Indian Territory, in which he envisioned an all-Indian state controlled by the United States Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Equivalent to the English word Indian, okla humma was a phrase in the Choctaw language used to describe Native American people as a whole. Oklahoma later became the de facto name for Oklahoma Territory, and it was officially approved in 1890, two years after the area was opened to white settlers.

Q1: What language does the name Oklahoma come from?
A1: Choctaw
Q2: What does Oklahoma mean?
A2: red people
Q3: When was the name Oklahoma suggested?
A3: 1866
Q4: Who suggested the name Oklahoma?
A4: Choctaw Chief Allen Wright
Q5: When was the name Oklahoma made official?
A5: 1890
Oklahoma is the 20th largest state in the United States, covering an area of 69,898 square miles (181,035 km2), with 68,667 square miles (177847 km2) of land and 1,281 square miles (3,188 km2) of water. It is one of six states on the Frontier Strip and lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. It is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, and on the south and near-west by Texas.

Q1: Where does Oklahoma rank by land area?
A1: 20th
Q2: How many square miles is Oklahoma?
A2: 69,898
Q3: How many square miles of water is in Oklahoma?
A3: 1,281
Q4: How many states are on the Frontier Strip?
A4: six
Q5: Which state is north of Oklahoma?
A5: Kansas
The western edge of the Oklahoma panhandle is out of alignment with its Texas border. The Oklahoma/New Mexico border is actually 2.1 to 2.2 miles east of the Texas line. The border between Texas and New Mexico was set first as a result of a survey by Spain in 1819. It was then set along the 103rd Meridian. In the 1890s, when Oklahoma was formally surveyed using more accurate surveying equipment and techniques, it was discovered that the Texas line was not set along the 103rd Meridian. Surveying techniques were not as accurate in 1819, and the actual 103rd Meridian was approximately 2.2 miles to the east. It was much easier to leave the mistake as it was than for Texas to cede land to New Mexico to correct the original surveying error. The placement of the Oklahoma/New Mexico border represents the true 103rd Meridian.

Q1: How far out of alignment is Oklahoma's western edge from Texas's border?
A1: 2.1 to 2.2 miles
Q2: When was the border between TX and NM first determined?
A2: 1819
Q3: When was Oklahoma's border determined?
A3: 1890s
Q4: Where is the NM border of both Oklahoma and Texas supposed to line up with?
A4: the 103rd Meridian
Q5: Which one is more accurately placed, the TX/NM border or the OK/NM border?
A5: Oklahoma/New Mexico border
Oklahoma is between the Great Plains and the Ozark Plateau in the Gulf of Mexico watershed, generally sloping from the high plains of its western boundary to the low wetlands of its southeastern boundary. Its highest and lowest points follow this trend, with its highest peak, Black Mesa, at 4,973 feet (1,516 m) above sea level, situated near its far northwest corner in the Oklahoma Panhandle. The state's lowest point is on the Little River near its far southeastern boundary near the town of Idabel, OK, which dips to 289 feet (88 m) above sea level.

Q1: What plateau is Oklahoma near?
A1: Ozark Plateau
Q2: What watershed is Oklahoma in?
A2: Gulf of Mexico
Q3: What is Oklahoma's tallest mountain?
A3: Black Mesa
Q4: How many feet above sea level is Oklahoma's highest point?
A4: 4,973
Q5: How many feet above sea level is Oklahoma's lowest point?
A5: 289
Oklahoma has four primary mountain ranges: the Ouachita Mountains, the Arbuckle Mountains, the Wichita Mountains, and the Ozark Mountains. Contained within the U.S. Interior Highlands region, the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains mark the only major mountainous region between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians. A portion of the Flint Hills stretches into north-central Oklahoma, and near the state's eastern border, Cavanal Hill is regarded by the Oklahoma Tourism & Recreation Department as the world's tallest hill; at 1,999 feet (609 m), it fails their definition of a mountain by one foot.

Q1: How many major mountain ranges are in Oklahoma?
A1: four
Q2: Which of Oklahoma's mountain ranges are in the US Interior Highlands?
A2: the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains
Q3: What part of Oklahoma does the Flint Hills reach into?
A3: north-central
Q4: What is the world's tallest hill?
A4: Cavanal Hill
Q5: How high is Cavanal Hill?
A5: 1,999 feet
The semi-arid high plains in the state's northwestern corner harbor few natural forests; the region has a rolling to flat landscape with intermittent canyons and mesa ranges like the Glass Mountains. Partial plains interrupted by small, sky island mountain ranges like the Antelope Hills and the Wichita Mountains dot southwestern Oklahoma; transitional prairie and oak savannahs cover the central portion of the state. The Ozark and Ouachita Mountains rise from west to east over the state's eastern third, gradually increasing in elevation in an eastward direction.

Q1: What is an example of a mesa range?
A1: Glass Mountains
Q2: What part of Oklahoma is the Antelope Hills in?
A2: southwestern
Q3: What part of Oklahoma has oak savannahs?
A3: central
Q4: What mountains are in Oklahoma's eastern third?
A4: The Ozark and Ouachita Mountains
Q5: In which direction do the Ozark mountains get higher?
A5: eastward
Forests cover 24 percent of Oklahoma and prairie grasslands composed of shortgrass, mixed-grass, and tallgrass prairie, harbor expansive ecosystems in the state's central and western portions, although cropland has largely replaced native grasses. Where rainfall is sparse in the western regions of the state, shortgrass prairie and shrublands are the most prominent ecosystems, though pinyon pines, red cedar (junipers), and ponderosa pines grow near rivers and creek beds in the far western reaches of the panhandle. Southwestern Oklahoma contains many rare, disjunct species including sugar maple, bigtooth maple, nolina and southern live oak.

Q1: How much of Oklahoma is covered in forests?
A1: 24 percent
Q2: What types of prairie grasslands does Oklahoma have?
A2: shortgrass, mixed-grass, and tallgrass prairie
Q3: What part of Oklahoma has low rainfall?
A3: western
Q4: What types of trees grow near rivers in western Oklahoma?
A4: pinyon pines, red cedar (junipers), and ponderosa pines
Q5: What rare types of maples grow in southwest Oklahoma?
A5: sugar maple, bigtooth maple
The state holds populations of white-tailed deer, mule deer, antelope, coyotes, mountain lions, bobcats, elk, and birds such as quail, doves, cardinals, bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and pheasants. In prairie ecosystems, American bison, greater prairie chickens, badgers, and armadillo are common, and some of the nation's largest prairie dog towns inhabit shortgrass prairie in the state's panhandle. The Cross Timbers, a region transitioning from prairie to woodlands in Central Oklahoma, harbors 351 vertebrate species. The Ouachita Mountains are home to black bear, red fox, grey fox, and river otter populations, which coexist with a total of 328 vertebrate species in southeastern Oklahoma. Also, in southeastern Oklahoma lives the American alligator.

Q1: What types of birds does Oklahoma have a lot of?
A1: quail, doves, cardinals, bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and pheasants
Q2: What types of deer does Oklahoma have a lot of?
A2: white-tailed deer, mule deer
Q3: What does Oklahoma have the country's largest towns of?
A3: prairie dog
Q4: What part of Oklahoma is Cross Timbers in?
A4: Central
Q5: What part of Oklahoma does the American alligator live in?
A5: southeastern
With 39,000 acres (158 km2), the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in north-central Oklahoma is the largest protected area of tallgrass prairie in the world and is part of an ecosystem that encompasses only 10 percent of its former land area, once covering 14 states. In addition, the Black Kettle National Grassland covers 31,300 acres (127 km2) of prairie in southwestern Oklahoma. The Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge is the oldest and largest of nine national wildlife refuges in the state and was founded in 1901, encompassing 59,020 acres (238.8 km2).

Q1: How large is the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve?
A1: 39,000 acres
Q2: What part of Oklahoma is the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in?
A2: north-central
Q3: The Tallgrass Prairie Preserve is the largest protected tallgrass prairie in what area?
A3: the world
Q4: How many states were originally covered by the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve?
A4: 14
Q5: How many national wildlife refuges are in Oklahoma?
A5: nine
Oklahoma is located in a humid subtropical region. Oklahoma lies in a transition zone between humid continental climate to the north, semi-arid climate to the west, and humid subtropical climate in the central, south and eastern portions of the state. Most of the state lies in an area known as Tornado Alley characterized by frequent interaction between cold, dry air from Canada, warm to hot, dry air from Mexico and the Southwestern U.S., and warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico. The interactions between these three contrasting air currents produces severe weather (severe thunderstorms, damaging thunderstorm winds, large hail and tornadoes) with a frequency virtually unseen anywhere else on planet Earth. An average 62 tornadoes strike the state per year—one of the highest rates in the world.

Q1: What is Oklahoma's main climate region?
A1: humid subtropical
Q2: What natural-disaster-based nickname does Oklahoma's region have?
A2: Tornado Alley
Q3: How many tornadoes hit Oklahoma each year?
A3: average 62
Q4: What types of severe weather does Oklahoma get?
A4: severe thunderstorms, damaging thunderstorm winds, large hail and tornadoes
Q5: Where does Oklahoma receive hot dry air from?
A5: Mexico
Because of Oklahoma's position between zones of differing prevailing temperature and winds, weather patterns within the state can vary widely over relatively short distances and can change drastically in a short time. As an example, on November 11, 1911, the temperature at Oklahoma City reached 83 °F (28 °C) in the afternoon (the record high for that date), then an Arctic cold front of unprecedented intensity slammed across the state, causing the temperature to crash 66 degrees, down to 17 °F (−8 °C) at midnight (the record low for that date); thus, both the record high and record low for November 11 were set on the same date. This type of phenomenon is also responsible for many of the tornadoes in the area, such as the 1912 Oklahoma tornado outbreak, when a warm front traveled along a stalled cold front, resulting in an average of about one tornado per hour over the course of a day.

Q1: What is Oklahoma's record high temperature for Nov 11?
A1: 83 °F
Q2: What is Oklahoma's record low temperature for Nov 11?
A2: 17 °F
Q3: What caused Oklahoma's temperature to plummet 66 degrees on Nov 11, 1911?
A3: an Arctic cold front
Q4: How fast did the 1912 tornado outbreak make tornadoes?
A4: one tornado per hour
Q5: How long did the 1912 tornado outbreak last?
A5: a day
The humid subtropical climate (Koppen Cfa) of central, southern and eastern Oklahoma is influenced heavily by southerly winds bringing moisture from the Gulf of Mexico. Traveling westward, the climate transitions progressively toward a semi-arid zone (Koppen BSk) in the high plains of the Panhandle and other western areas from about Lawton westward, less frequently touched by southern moisture. Precipitation and temperatures decline from east to west accordingly, with areas in the southeast averaging an annual temperature of 62 °F (17 °C) and an annual rainfall of generally over 40 inches (1,020 mm) and up to 56 inches (1,420 mm), while areas of the (higher-elevation) panhandle average 58 °F (14 °C), with an annual rainfall under 17 inches (430 mm).

Q1: What parts of Oklahoma are in a humid subtropical climate?
A1: central, southern and eastern
Q2: Where do Oklahoma's winds bring moisture from?
A2: Gulf of Mexico
Q3: What is Oklahoma's western climate type?
A3: semi-arid
Q4: Where in Oklahoma does the semi-arid zone begin?
A4: Lawton
Q5: What is the average annual temperature in southeast Oklahoma?
A5: 62 °F
Over almost all of Oklahoma, winter is the driest season. Average monthly precipitation increases dramatically in the spring to a peak in May, the wettest month over most of the state, with its frequent and not uncommonly severe thunderstorm activity. Early June can still be wet, but most years see a marked decrease in rainfall during June and early July. Mid-summer (July and August) represents a secondary dry season over much of Oklahoma, with long stretches of hot weather with only sporadic thunderstorm activity not uncommon many years. Severe drought is common in the hottest summers, such as those of 1934, 1954, 1980 and 2011, all of which featured weeks on end of virtual rainlessness and high temperatures well over 100 °F (38 °C). Average precipitation rises again from September to mid-October, representing a secondary wetter season, then declines from late October through December.

Q1: Which season is the most dry in Oklahoma?
A1: winter
Q2: When does Oklahoma get the most rain?
A2: May
Q3: When is the second-driest season in Oklahoma?
A3: Mid-summer
Q4: What years were Oklahoma's hottest summers?
A4: 1934, 1954, 1980 and 2011
Q5: How hot were Oklahoma's hottest summers?
A5: well over 100 °F
All of the state frequently experiences temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) or below 0 °F (−18 °C), though below-zero temperatures are rare in south-central and southeastern Oklahoma. Snowfall ranges from an average of less than 4 inches (10 cm) in the south to just over 20 inches (51 cm) on the border of Colorado in the panhandle. The state is home to the Storm Prediction Center, the National Severe Storms Laboratory, and the Warning Decision Training Branch, all part of the National Weather Service and located in Norman. Oklahoma's highest recorded temperature of 120 °F (49 °C) was recorded at Tipton on June 27, 1994 and the lowest recorded temperature of −31 °F (−35 °C) was recorded at Nowata on February 10, 2011.

Q1: What parts of Oklahoma rarely see below-zero temperatures?
A1: south-central and southeastern
Q2: What is the average snowfall in southern Oklahoma?
A2: less than 4 inches
Q3: What is the average snowfall in Oklahoma near the Colorado border?
A3: over 20 inches
Q4: Where is the Storm Prediction Center located?
A4: Norman
Q5: What was Oklahoma's record high temperature?
A5: 120 °F
Evidence exists that native peoples traveled through Oklahoma as early as the last ice age. Ancestors of the Wichita and Caddo lived in what is now Oklahoma. The Panhandle culture peoples were precontact residents of the panhandle region. The westernmost center of the Mississippian culture was Spiro Mounds, in what is now Spiro, Oklahoma, which flourished between AD 850 and 1450. Spaniard Francisco Vásquez de Coronado traveled through the state in 1541, but French explorers claimed the area in the 1700s and it remained under French rule until 1803, when all the French territory west of the Mississippi River was purchased by the United States in the Louisiana Purchase.

Q1: Ancestors of which tribes lived in Oklahoma?
A1: Wichita and Caddo
Q2: What was Spiro, Oklahoma named for?
A2: Spiro Mounds
Q3: When did Spiro Mounds flourish?
A3: between AD 850 and 1450
Q4: What Spanish explorer visited Oklahoma in 1541?
A4: Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
Q5: When did France sell Oklahoma's land to the US?
A5: 1803
The new state became a focal point for the emerging oil industry, as discoveries of oil pools prompted towns to grow rapidly in population and wealth. Tulsa eventually became known as the "Oil Capital of the World" for most of the 20th century and oil investments fueled much of the state's early economy. In 1927, Oklahoman businessman Cyrus Avery, known as the "Father of Route 66", began the campaign to create U.S. Route 66. Using a stretch of highway from Amarillo, Texas to Tulsa, Oklahoma to form the original portion of Highway 66, Avery spearheaded the creation of the U.S. Highway 66 Association to oversee the planning of Route 66, based in his hometown of Tulsa.

Q1: What was the "Oil Capital of the World"?
A1: Tulsa
Q2: What type of investments were important in early Oklahoma?
A2: oil
Q3: Who was the "Father of Route 66"?
A3: Cyrus Avery
Q4: Where was the Highway 66 Association based?
A4: Tulsa
Q5: When did Route 66 begin?
A5: 1927
During the 1930s, parts of the state began suffering the consequences of poor farming practices, extended drought and high winds. Known as the Dust Bowl, areas of Kansas, Texas, New Mexico and northwestern Oklahoma were hampered by long periods of little rainfall and abnormally high temperatures, sending thousands of farmers into poverty and forcing them to relocate to more fertile areas of the western United States. Over a twenty-year period ending in 1950, the state saw its only historical decline in population, dropping 6.9 percent as impoverished families migrated out of the state after the Dust Bowl.

Q1: When did the Dust Bowl begin?
A1: 1930s
Q2: What mistake led to the Dust Bowl?
A2: poor farming practices
Q3: What states were affected by the Dust Bowl?
A3: Kansas, Texas, New Mexico and northwestern Oklahoma
Q4: How many farmers had to relocate because of the Dust Bowl?
A4: thousands
Q5: How much did Oklahoma's population decline from 1930 to 1950?
A5: 6.9 percent
In 1995, Oklahoma City was the site of one of the most destructive acts of domestic terrorism in American history. The Oklahoma City bombing of April 19, 1995, in which Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols detonated an explosive outside of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, killed 168 people, including 19 children. The two men were convicted of the bombing: McVeigh was sentenced to death and executed by the federal government on June 11, 2001; his partner Nichols is serving a sentence of life in prison without the possibility of parole. McVeigh's army buddy, Michael Fortier, was sentenced to 12 years in federal prison and ordered to pay a $75,000 fine for his role in the bombing plot (i.e. assisting in the sale of guns to raise funds for the bombing, and examining the Murrah Federal building as a possible target before the terrorist attack). His wife, Lori Fortier, who has since died, was granted immunity from prosecution in return for her testimony in the case.

Q1: When was the Oklahoma City Bombing?
A1: April 19, 1995
Q2: Who committed the Oklahoma City Bombing?
A2: Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols
Q3: How many people died in the Oklahoma City Bombing?
A3: 168
Q4: How many children died in the Oklahoma City Bombing?
A4: 19
Q5: When was McVeigh executed?
A5: June 11, 2001
The English language has been official in the state of Oklahoma since 2010. The variety of North American English spoken is called Oklahoma English, and this dialect is quite diverse with its uneven blending of features of North Midland, South Midland, and Southern dialects. In 2000, 2,977,187 Oklahomans—92.6% of the resident population five years or older—spoke only English at home, a decrease from 95% in 1990. 238,732 Oklahoma residents reported speaking a language other than English in the 2000 census, about 7.4% of the total population of the state. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language in the state, with 141,060 speakers counted in 2000. The next most commonly spoken language is Cherokee, with about 22,000 speakers living within the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area of eastern Oklahoma. Cherokee is an official language in the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area and in the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians.

Q1: When did Oklahoma declare an official language?
A1: 2010
Q2: How many Oklahomans speak only English at home, as of 2000?
A2: 2,977,187
Q3: What percent of Oklahomans speak only English at home, as of 2000?
A3: 92.6%
Q4: What is the second-most-prevalent language in Oklahoma?
A4: Spanish
Q5: What is the third-most-prevalent language in Oklahoma?
A5: Cherokee