romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Rajasthan is famous for its forts, carved temples, and decorated havelis, which were built by Rajput kings in pre-Muslim era Rajasthan.[citation needed] Rajasthan's Jaipur Jantar Mantar, Mehrangarh Fort and Stepwell of Jodhpur, Dilwara Temples, Chittorgarh Fort, Lake Palace, miniature paintings in Bundi, and numerous city palaces and haveli's are part of the architectural heritage of India. Jaipur, the Pink City, is noted for the ancient houses made of a type of sandstone dominated by a pink hue. In Jodhpur, maximum houses are painted blue. At Ajmer, there is white marble Bara-dari on the Anasagar lake. Jain Temples dot Rajasthan from north to south and east to west. Dilwara Temples of Mount Abu, Ranakpur Temple dedicated to Lord Adinath in Pali District, Jain temples in the fort complexes of Chittor, Jaisalmer and Kumbhalgarh, Lodurva Jain temples, Mirpur Jain Temple, Sarun Mata Temple kotputli, Bhandasar and Karni Mata Temple of Bikaner and Mandore of Jodhpur are some of the best examples.

Q1: Who built the famous decorated havelis in Rajasthan?
A1: Rajput kings
Q2: Jaipur is also known as what city?
A2: the Pink City
Q3: What are the notable houses in Jaipur made from?
A3: a type of sandstone dominated by a pink hue
Q4: What type of temples stretch from the north to the south of Rajasthan?
A4: Jain Temples
Q5: Which Pali District temple is dedicated to Lord Adinath?
A5: Ranakpur Temple
Guam (i/ˈɡwɑːm/ or /ˈɡwɒm/; Chamorro: Guåhån;[needs IPA] formally the Territory of Guam) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States. Located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, Guam is one of five American territories with an established civilian government. The capital city is Hagåtña, and the most populous city is Dededo. In 2015, 161,785 people resided on Guam. Guamanians are American citizens by birth. Guam has an area of 544 km2 (210 sq mi) and a density of 297/km² (770/sq mi). It is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands, and the largest island in Micronesia. Among its municipalities, Mongmong-Toto-Maite has the highest density at 1,425/km² (3,691/sq mi), whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the lowest density at 47/km² (119/sq mi). The highest point is Mount Lamlam at 406 meters (1,332 ft) above sea level.

Q1: What country is Guam a territory of?
A1: United States
Q2: Where is the island of Guan located?
A2: northwestern Pacific Ocean
Q3: How many people currently call Guam home as of 2015?
A3: 161,785
Q4: What is the most populous city in Guam?
A4: Dededo
Q5: What is the name of the largest mountain in Guam?
A5: Mount Lamlam
The Chamorros, Guam's indigenous people, settled the island approximately 4,000 years ago. Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan was the first European to visit the island on March 6, 1521. Guam was colonized in 1668 with settlers, like Diego Luis de San Vitores, a Catholic missionary. Between the 1500s and the 1700s, Guam was an important stopover for the Spanish Manila Galleons. During the Spanish–American War, the United States captured Guam on June 21, 1898. Under the Treaty of Paris, Spain ceded Guam to the United States on December 10, 1898. Guam is amongst the seventeen Non-Self-Governing Territories of the United Nations.

Q1: What is the official name given for Guam's indigenous people?
A1: Chamorros
Q2: When did Guam's indigenous people first arrive?
A2: 4,000 years ago
Q3: Who was the first European to visit the island?
A3: Ferdinand Magellan
Q4: What year was Guam colonized?
A4: 1668
Q5: What year did the United States capture Guam?
A5: 1898
Before World War II, Guam and three other territories – American Samoa, Hawaii, and the Philippines – were the only American jurisdictions in the Pacific Ocean. On December 7, 1941, hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Guam was captured by the Japanese, and was occupied for thirty months. During the occupation, Guamanians were subjected to culture alignment, forced labor, beheadings, rape, and torture. Guam endured hostilities when American forces recaptured the island on July 21, 1944; Liberation Day commemorates the victory. Since the 1960s, the economy is supported by two industries: tourism and the United States Armed Forces.

Q1: Along with Guam, which other territories were in the United States jurisdiction before WWII?
A1: American Samoa, Hawaii, and the Philippines
Q2: What was the date on the attack of Pearl Harbor?
A2: December 7, 1941
Q3: What happened just after the attack on Peal Harbor?
A3: Guam was captured by the Japanese
Q4: How long did the Japanese occupation last?
A4: thirty months
The ancient-Chamorro society had four classes: chamorri (chiefs), matua (upper class), achaot (middle class), and mana'chang (lower class).:20–21 The matua were located in the coastal villages, which meant they had the best access to fishing grounds, whereas the mana'chang were located in the interior of the island. Matua and mana'chang rarely communicated with each other, and matua often used achaot as intermediaries. There were also "makåhna" (similar to shamans), skilled in healing and medicine. Belief in spirits of ancient Chamorros called "Taotao mo'na" still persists as a remnant of pre-European culture. Their society was organized along matrilineal clans.:21

Q1: Which four classes made up the ancient -Chamorro society?
A1: chamorri (chiefs), matua (upper class), achaot (middle class), and mana'chang (lower class)
Q2: Where were the matua located on the island?
A2: coastal villages
Q3: Where were the mana'chag located?
A3: interior of the island
The first European to discover Guam was Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, when he sighted the island on March 6, 1521 during his fleet's circumnavigation of the globe.:41–42 When Magellan arrived on Guam, he was greeted by hundreds of small outrigger canoes that appeared to be flying over the water, due to their considerable speed. These outrigger canoes were called Proas, and resulted in Magellan naming Guam Islas de las Velas Latinas ("Islands of the Lateen sails"). Antonio Pigafetta, one of Magellan's original 18 the name "Island of Sails", but he also writes that the inhabitants "entered the ships and stole whatever they could lay their hands on", including "the small boat that was fastened to the poop of the flagship.":129 "Those people are poor, but ingenious and very thievish, on account of which we called those three islands Islas de los Ladrones ("Islands of thieves").":131

Q1: What was the nationality of Magellan?
A1: Portuguese
Q2: What year did Magellan locate the island of Guam?
A2: 1521
Q3: What were the name of outrigger canoes?
A3: Proas
Despite Magellan's visit, Guam was not officially claimed by Spain until January 26, 1565 by General Miguel López de Legazpi.:46 From 1565 to 1815, Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, the only Spanish outpost in the Pacific Ocean east of the Philippines, was an important resting stop for the Manila galleons, a fleet that covered the Pacific trade route between Acapulco and Manila.:51 To protect these Pacific fleets, Spain built several defensive structures which are still standing today, such as Fort Nuestra Señora de la Soledad in Umatac. It is the biggest single segment of Micronesia, the largest islands between the island of Kyushu (Japan), New Guinea, the Philippines, and the Hawaiian Islands.

Q1: In what year was Guam claimed by Spain?
A1: 1565
Q2: What was the name of the general who claimed Guam?
A2: General Miguel López de Legazpi
Q3: What did Spain build to protect their fleet at Guam?
A3: built several defensive structures
Spanish colonization commenced on June 15, 1668 with the arrival of Diego Luis de San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod, who established the first Catholic church.:64 The islands were part of the Spanish East Indies governed from the Philippines, which were in turn part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City. Other reminders of colonial times include the old Governor's Palace in Plaza de España and the Spanish Bridge, both in Hagatña. Guam's Cathedral Dulce Nombre de Maria was formally opened on February 2, 1669, as was the Royal College of San Juan de Letran.:68 Guam, along with the rest of the Mariana and Caroline Islands, were treated as part of Spain's colony in the Philippines. While Guam's Chamorro culture has indigenous roots, the cultures of both Guam and the Northern Marianas have many similarities with Spanish and Mexican culture due to three centuries of Spanish rule.

Q1: When did Spanish colonization commence?
A1: June 15, 1668
Q2: Which two Spaniards aided this colonization and started the first catholic church?
A2: Diego Luis de San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod
Q3: When did Guam's Cathedral first open?
A3: February 2, 1669
Q4: What was the name of the first Cathedral?
A4: Dulce Nombre de Maria
Intermittent warfare lasting from July 23, 1670 until July 1695, plus the typhoons of 1671 and 1693, and in particular the smallpox epidemic of 1688, reduced the Chamorro population from 50,000 to 10,000 to less than 5,000.:86 Precipitated by the death of Quipuha, and the murder of Father San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod by local rebel chief Matapang, tensions led to a number of conflicts. Captain Juan de Santiago started a campaign to pacify the island, which was continued by the successive commanders of the Spanish forces.:68–74

Q1: When did the Smallpox epidemic take place?
A1: 1688
Q2: In what years was there intermittent war fare?
A2: July 23, 1670 until July 1695
Q3: What did the smallpox epidemic reduce the population down to in Chamorro?
A3: 50,000 to 10,000
Q4: What was the name of the person who started the campaign to pacify the area?
A4: Juan de Santiago
After his arrival in 1674, Captain Damian de Esplana ordered the arrest of rebels who attacked the population of certain towns. Hostilities eventually led to the destruction of villages such as Chochogo, Pepura, Tumon, Sidia-Aty, Sagua, Nagan and Ninca.:74–75 Starting in June 1676, the first Spanish Governor of Guam, Capt. Francisco de Irrisarri y Vinar controlled internal affairs more strictly than his predecessors in order to curb tensions. He also ordered the construction of schools, roads and other infrastructure.:75–76 Later, Capt. Jose de Quiroga arrived in 1680 and continued some of the development projects started by his predecessors. He also continued the search for the rebels who had assassinated Father San Vitores, resulting in campaigns against the rebels which were hiding out in some islands, eventually leading to the death of Matapang, Hurao and Aguarin.:77–78 Quiroga brought some natives from the northern islands to Guam, ordering the population to live in a few large villages.:78–79 These included Jinapsan, Umatac, Pago, Agat and Inarajan, where he built a number of churches.:79 By July 1695, Quiroga had completed the pacification process in Guam, Rota, Tinian and Aguigan.:85

Q1: When did Captain Damian de Esplana arrive?
A1: 1674
Q2: What did Captain Damian do after his arrival?
A2: ordered the arrest of rebels
Q3: Who was the first Spanish Governor of Guam?
A3: Francisco de Irrisarri y Vinar
Q4: In what year did Jose de Quiroga arrive?
A4: 1680
Q5: in What year did Quiroga complete his pacification?
A5: 1695
The United States took control of the island in the 1898 Spanish–American War, as part of the Treaty of Paris. Guam was transferred to U.S. Navy control on 23 December 1898 by Executive Order 108-A. Guam came to serve as a station for American ships traveling to and from the Philippines, while the Northern Mariana Islands passed to Germany, and then to Japan. A U.S. Navy yard was established at Piti in 1899, and a marine barracks at Sumay in 1901.:13 Following the Philippine–American War, Emilio Aguinaldo and Apolinario Mabini were exiled on Guam in 1901.:vi

Q1: When did the United States take control of the island?
A1: 1898
Q2: What happened that allowed the United States to have Guam?
A2: Spanish–American War
Q3: What is the name of the executive order that transferred Guam over to the U.S?
A3: 108-A
Q4: Which two people were exiled to Guam after the Philippine-American war?
A4: Emilio Aguinaldo and Apolinario Mabini
The Northern Mariana Islands had become a Japanese protectorate before the war. It was the Chamorros from the Northern Marianas who were brought to Guam to serve as interpreters and in other capacities for the occupying Japanese force. The Guamanian Chamorros were treated as an occupied enemy by the Japanese military. After the war, this would cause resentment between the Guamanian Chamorros and the Chamorros of the Northern Marianas. Guam's Chamorros believed their northern brethren should have been compassionate towards them, whereas having been occupied for over 30 years, the Northern Mariana Chamorros were loyal to Japan.

Q1: Why were the Chamorros brought to Guam?
A1: to serve as interpreters
Q2: How were Guamanian Chamorro viewed by the Japanese?
A2: as an occupied enemy
Q3: Who were loyal to Japan?
A3: Northern Mariana Chamorros
After World War II, the Guam Organic Act of 1950 established Guam as an unincorporated organized territory of the United States, provided for the structure of the island's civilian government, and granted the people U.S. citizenship. The Governor of Guam was federally appointed until 1968, when the Guam Elective Governor Act provided for the office's popular election.:242 Since Guam is not a U.S. state, U.S. citizens residing on Guam are not allowed to vote for president and their congressional representative is a non-voting member.

Q1: What established Guam as an unincorporated territory?
A1: Guam Organic Act of 1950
Q2: What conflict did the Organic Act come after?
A2: After World War II
Q3: What did the Guam Act allow the population now that they were a U.S territory?
A3: granted the people U.S. citizenship
Guam lies between 13.2°N and 13.7°N and between 144.6°E and 145.0°E, and has an area of 212 square miles (549 km2), making it the 32nd largest island of the United States. It is the southernmost and largest island in the Mariana island chain and is also the largest island in Micronesia. This island chain was created by the colliding Pacific and Philippine Sea tectonic plates. Guam is the closest land mass to the Mariana Trench, a deep subduction zone, that lies beside the island chain to the east. Challenger Deep, the deepest surveyed point in the Oceans, is southwest of Guam at 35,797 feet (10,911 meters) deep. The highest point in Guam is Mount Lamlam at an elevation of 1,334 feet (407 meters).

Q1: How many square miles is Guam?
A1: 212
Q2: How was this island chain created?
A2: the colliding Pacific and Philippine Sea tectonic plates
Q3: How deep is the Mariana Trench located near Guam?
A3: 35,797
The island of Guam is 30 miles (50 km) long and 4 to 12 miles (6 to 19 km) wide, 3⁄4 the size of Singapore. The island experiences occasional earthquakes due to its location on the western edge of the Pacific Plate and near the Philippine Sea Plate. In recent years, earthquakes with epicenters near Guam have had magnitudes ranging from 5.0 to 8.7. Unlike the Anatahan volcano in the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam is not volcanically active. However, due to its proximity to Anatahan, vog (i.e. volcanic smog) does occasionally affect Guam.

Q1: How many miles is Guam across?
A1: 30 miles
Q2: What natural disaster that is not predictable does Guam have to worry about?
A2: earthquakes
Q3: Due to Guam being so close to Anatahan, what dod they have to worry about?
A3: volcanic smog
Guam's climate is characterized as tropical marine moderated by seasonal northeast trade winds. The weather is generally very warm and humid with little seasonal temperature variation. The mean high temperature is 86 °F (30 °C) and mean low is 76 °F (24 °C) with an average annual rainfall of 96 inches (2,180 mm). The dry season runs from December to June. The remaining months (July to November) constitute the rainy season. The months of January and February are considered the coolest months of the year with overnight low temperatures of 70–75 °F (21–24 °C) and low humidity levels. The highest temperature ever recorded in Guam was 96 °F (36 °C) on April 18, 1971 and April 1, 1990, and the lowest temperature ever recorded was 65 °F (18 °C) on February 8, 1973.

Q1: What is Guam's climate characterized as?
A1: tropical marine
Q2: What is the mean high temperature in Guam?
A2: 86 °F (30 °C)
Q3: What is the average annual rainfall of Guam?
A3: 96 inches (2,180 mm)
Q4: When does the dry season in Guam typical run?
A4: December to June
Q5: Which months are considered the coldest in Guam?
A5: January and February
Post-European-contact Chamorro culture is a combination of American, Spanish, Filipino, other Micronesian Islander and Mexican traditions, with few remaining indigenous pre-Hispanic customs. These influences are manifested in the local language, music, dance, sea navigation, cuisine, fishing, games (such as batu, chonka, estuleks, and bayogu), songs and fashion. During Spanish colonial rule (1668–1898) the majority of the population was converted to Roman Catholicism and religious festivities such as Easter and Christmas became widespread. Post-contact Chamorro cuisine is largely based on corn, and includes tortillas, tamales, atole and chilaquiles, which are a clear influence from Spanish trade between Mesoamerica and Asia. The modern Chamorro language is a Malayo-Polynesian language with much Spanish and Filipino influence. Many Chamorros also have Spanish surnames because of their conversion to Roman Catholic Christianity and the adoption of names from the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, a phenomenon also common to the Philippines.

Q1: hat years did the Spanish rule Guam?
A1: 1668–1898
Q2: What religion was the general population converted to?
A2: Roman Catholicism
Q3: Which two major holidays become popular in Guam?
A3: Easter and Christmas
Q4: What is the name of the modern Chamorro language?
A4: Malayo-Polynesian
Two aspects of indigenous pre-Hispanic culture that withstood time are chenchule' and inafa'maolek. Chenchule' is the intricate system of reciprocity at the heart of Chamorro society. It is rooted in the core value of inafa'maolek. Historian Lawrence Cunningham in 1992 wrote, "In a Chamorro sense, the land and its produce belong to everyone. Inafa'maolek, or interdependence, is the key, or central value, in Chamorro culture ... Inafa'maolek depends on a spirit of cooperation and sharing. This is the armature, or core, that everything in Chamorro culture revolves around. It is a powerful concern for mutuality rather than individualism and private property rights."

Q1: What two indiginous pre-hispanic culture has survived to this point?
A1: chenchule' and inafa'maolek
Q2: What is the name of the intricate system in Guam?
A2: . Chenchule
Q3: What do the Chamorro believe in according to Historian Lawrence Cinningham
A3: the land and its produce belong to everyone
The core culture or Pengngan Chamorro is based on complex social protocol centered upon respect: From sniffing over the hands of the elders (called mangnginge in Chamorro), the passing down of legends, chants, and courtship rituals, to a person asking for permission from spiritual ancestors before entering a jungle or ancient battle grounds. Other practices predating Spanish conquest include galaide' canoe-making, making of the belembaotuyan (a string musical instrument made from a gourd), fashioning of åcho' atupat slings and slingstones, tool manufacture, Måtan Guma' burial rituals, and preparation of herbal medicines by Suruhanu.

Q1: What is the culture of Pengngan Chamorro based on?
A1: social protocol
Q2: What does mangnging refer to that directly involves one major human scense?
A2: sniffing over the hands of the elders
Q3: What is a belembaotuyan in Guam?
A3: string musical instrument made from a gourd
The cosmopolitan and multicultural nature of modern Guam poses challenges for Chamorros struggling to preserve their culture and identity amidst forces of acculturation. The increasing numbers of Chamorros, especially Chamorro youth, relocating to the U.S. Mainland has further complicated both definition and preservation of Chamorro identity.[citation needed] While only a few masters exist to continue traditional art forms, the resurgence of interest among the Chamorros to preserve the language and culture has resulted in a growing number of young Chamorros who seek to continue the ancient ways of the Chamorro people.

Q1: What posses some challenges for the Chamorros who find it hard to keep their culture?
A1: cosmopolitan and multicultural nature of modern Guam
Q2: What else has led to the Chamorro find it hard to keep their culture that involves it's children?
A2: relocating to the U.S. Mainland
Q3: What has recently led to a resurgence in the Chamorros culture and preservation of their old ways?
A3: young Chamorros who seek to continue the ancient ways of the Chamorro people.
Guam is governed by a popularly elected governor and a unicameral 15-member legislature, whose members are known as senators. Guam elects one non-voting delegate, currently Democrat Madeleine Z. Bordallo, to the United States House of Representatives. U.S. citizens in Guam vote in a straw poll for their choice in the U.S. Presidential general election, but since Guam has no votes in the Electoral College, the poll has no real effect. However, in sending delegates to the Republican and Democratic national conventions, Guam does have influence in the national presidential race. These delegates are elected by local party conventions.

Q1: How many people make up the Guam legislation?
A1: 15
Q2: Who is the current non-voting delegate for Guam?
A2: Democrat Madeleine Z. Bordallo
Q3: How many electoral votes does Guam currently have?
A3: Guam has no votes
In the 1980s and early 1990s, there was a significant movement in favor of the territory becoming a commonwealth, which would give it a level of self-government similar to Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands. However, the federal government rejected the version of a commonwealth that the government of Guam proposed, due to it having clauses incompatible with the Territorial Clause (Art. IV, Sec. 3, cl. 2) of the U.S. Constitution. Other movements advocate U.S. statehood for Guam, union with the state of Hawaii, union with the Northern Mariana Islands as a single territory, or independence.

Q1: What major movement occurred in Guam in the 80's and 90's?
A1: becoming a commonwealth
Q2: Why would Guam becoming a commonwealth be so important?
A2: would give it a level of self-government similar to Puerto Rico
Q3: What is the name of this U.S state that could possibly form a union with Guam?
A3: Hawaii
The U.S. military has proposed building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam and moving 8,600 Marines, and 9,000 of their dependents, to Guam from Okinawa, Japan. Including the required construction workers, this buildup would increase Guam's population by 45%. In a February 2010 letter, the United States Environmental Protection Agency sharply criticized these plans because of a water shortfall, sewage problems and the impact on coral reefs. By 2012, these plans had been cut to only have a maximum of 4,800 Marines stationed on the island, two thirds of which would be there on a rotational basis without their dependents.

Q1: What has the U.S military proposed?
A1: building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam
Q2: How many Marines would the United States move to Guam?
A2: 8,600 Marines
Q3: Because of the EPA, how many Marines would the United States be able to send to Guam to live?
A3: 4,800 Marines