romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
The Governor of Michigan, Rick Snyder, declared a financial emergency for the city in March 2013, appointing an emergency manager. On July 18, 2013, Detroit filed the largest municipal bankruptcy case in U.S. history. It was declared bankrupt by Judge Steven W. Rhodes of the Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Michigan on December 3, 2013; he cited its $18.5 billion debt and declared that negotiations with its thousands of creditors were unfeasible. On November 7, 2014, Judge Rhodes approved the city's bankruptcy plan, allowing the city to begin the process of exiting bankruptcy. The City of Detroit successfully exited Chapter 9 municipal bankruptcy with all finances handed back to the city at midnight on December 11, 2014.

Q1: Who is the Governor in Michigan?
A1: Rick Snyder
Q2: On which date did Detroit file bankruptcy?
A2: July 18, 2013
Q3: How much debt did Detroit have when they declared bankruptcy?
A3: $18.5 billion
Q4: On which date was Detroit's bankruptcy plan approved?
A4: November 7, 2014
Q5: What type of bankruptcy did Detroit go through?
A5: Chapter 9
On the shores of the strait, in 1701, the French officer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, along with fifty-one French people and French Canadians, founded a settlement called Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit, naming it after Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain, Minister of Marine under Louis XIV. France offered free land to colonists to attract families to Detroit; when it reached a total population of 800 in 1765, it was the largest city between Montreal and New Orleans, both also French settlements. By 1773, the population of Detroit was 1,400. By 1778, its population was up to 2,144 and it was the third-largest city in the Province of Quebec.

Q1: What was Detroit's population in 1773?
A1: 1,400
Q2: What was Detroit's population in 1778?
A2: 2,144
Q3: What was Detroit's population in 1765?
A3: 800
Q4: Who was the French Minister of Marine in 1701?
A4: Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain
Q5: Which French officer led the 1701 expedition?
A5: Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac
The region grew based on the lucrative fur trade, in which numerous Native American people had important roles. Detroit's city flag reflects its French colonial heritage. (See Flag of Detroit). Descendants of the earliest French and French Canadian settlers formed a cohesive community who gradually were replaced as the dominant population after more Anglo-American settlers came to the area in the early 19th century. Living along the shores of Lakes St. Clair, and south to Monroe and downriver suburbs, the French Canadians of Detroit, also known as Muskrat French, remain a subculture in the region today.

Q1: What trade was instrumental to the growth of this region?
A1: fur
Q2: By which group were the original French and French Canadians replaced?
A2: Anglo-American settlers
Q3: What is the name of the French Canadians in Detroit?
A3: Muskrat French
From 1805 to 1847, Detroit was the capital of Michigan (first the territory, then the state). Detroit surrendered without a fight to British troops during the War of 1812 in the Siege of Detroit. The Battle of Frenchtown (January 18–23, 1813) was part of a United States effort to retake the city, and American troops suffered their highest fatalities of any battle in the war. This battle is commemorated at River Raisin National Battlefield Park south of Detroit in Monroe County. Detroit was finally recaptured by the United States later that year.

Q1: In which War was Detroit captured by the British?
A1: War of 1812
Q2: In which battle did American troops suffer the highest casualties?
A2: Battle of Frenchtown
Q3: In which year was Detroit recaptured?
A3: 1813
Q4: In which county is the park commemorating the Battle of Frenchtown?
A4: Monroe County
Numerous men from Detroit volunteered to fight for the Union during the American Civil War, including the 24th Michigan Infantry Regiment (part of the legendary Iron Brigade), which fought with distinction and suffered 82% casualties at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863. When the First Volunteer Infantry Regiment arrived to fortify Washington, DC, President Abraham Lincoln is quoted as saying "Thank God for Michigan!" George Armstrong Custer led the Michigan Brigade during the Civil War and called them the "Wolverines".

Q1: What year was the Battle of Gettysburg?
A1: 1863
Q2: Who led the Wolverine Brigade?
A2: George Armstrong Custer
Q3: What Brigade was the 24th Michigan Infantry Regiment a part of?
A3: Iron Brigade
Q4: How many casualties did the 24th Michigan Infantry Regiment have in Gettysburg?
A4: 82%
During the late 19th century, several Gilded Age mansions reflecting the wealth of industry and shipping magnates were built east and west of the current downtown, along the major avenues of the Woodward plan. Most notable among them was the David Whitney House located at 4421 Woodward Avenue, which became a prime location for mansions. During this period some referred to Detroit as the Paris of the West for its architecture, grand avenues in the Paris style, and for Washington Boulevard, recently electrified by Thomas Edison. The city had grown steadily from the 1830s with the rise of shipping, shipbuilding, and manufacturing industries. Strategically located along the Great Lakes waterway, Detroit emerged as a major port and transportation hub.

Q1: What was a nickname for Detroit in the late 19th century?
A1: Paris of the West
Q2: On which waterway is Detroit located?
A2: Great Lakes
Q3: What is the most famous mansion in Detroit?
A3: David Whitney House
Q4: Which street became known for it's mansions?
A4: Woodward Avenue
Q5: Who electrified Detroit?
A5: Thomas Edison
With the rapid growth of industrial workers in the auto factories, labor unions such as the American Federation of Labor and the United Auto Workers fought to organize workers to gain them better working conditions and wages. They initiated strikes and other tactics in support of improvements such as the 8-hour day/40-hour work week, increased wages, greater benefits and improved working conditions. The labor activism during those years increased influence of union leaders in the city such as Jimmy Hoffa of the Teamsters and Walter Reuther of the Autoworkers.

Q1: Who was the labor leader of the Teamsters?
A1: Jimmy Hoffa
Q2: Who was the labor leader of the Autoworkers?
A2: Walter Reuther
Q3: How many hours did the unions push for as a maximum for a work day?
A3: 8
Q4: How many hours did the Unions want the work week to be limited to?
A4: 40
Detroit, like many places in the United States, developed racial conflict and discrimination in the 20th century following rapid demographic changes as hundreds of thousands of new workers were attracted to the industrial city; in a short period it became the 4th-largest city in the nation. The Great Migration brought rural blacks from the South; they were outnumbered by southern whites who also migrated to the city. Immigration brought southern and eastern Europeans of Catholic and Jewish faith; these new groups competed with native-born whites for jobs and housing in the booming city. Detroit was one of the major Midwest cities that was a site for the dramatic urban revival of the Ku Klux Klan beginning in 1915. "By the 1920s the city had become a stronghold of the KKK," whose members opposed Catholic and Jewish immigrants, as well as black Americans. The Black Legion, a secret vigilante group, was active in the Detroit area in the 1930s, when one-third of its estimated 20,000 to 30,000 members in Michigan were based in the city. It was defeated after numerous prosecutions following the kidnapping and murder in 1936 of Charles Poole, a Catholic Works Progress Administration organizer. A total of 49 men of the Black Legion were convicted of numerous crimes, with many sentenced to life in prison for murder.

Q1: What was the name of a vigilante group in Detroit?
A1: The Black Legion
Q2: How many people of The Black Legion were convicted of crimes?
A2: 49
Q3: By which decade had the KKK become very active in Detroit?
A3: 1920s
Q4: What is the name of the movement of rural blacks in the early 20th century called?
A4: The Great Migration
Jobs expanded so rapidly that 400,000 people were attracted to the city from 1941 to 1943, including 50,000 blacks in the second wave of the Great Migration, and 350,000 whites, many of them from the South. Some European immigrants and their descendants feared black competition for jobs and housing. The federal government prohibited discrimination in defense work but when in June 1943, Packard promoted three blacks to work next to whites on its assembly lines, 25,000 whites walked off the job. The Detroit race riot of 1943 took place three weeks after the Packard plant protest. Over the course of three days, 34 people were killed, of whom 25 were African American, and approximately 600 were injured, 75% black people.

Q1: How many people were killed in the race riot of 1943?
A1: 34
Q2: How many people came to Detroit between 1941 and 1943?
A2: 400,000
Q3: After which event did the 1943 race riot happen?
A3: Packard plant protest
Q4: What care company promoted black workers to work alongside white workers?
A4: Packard
As in other major American cities in the postwar era, construction of an extensive highway and freeway system around Detroit and pent-up demand for new housing stimulated suburbanization; highways made commuting by car easier. In 1956, Detroit's last heavily used electric streetcar line along the length of Woodward Avenue was removed and replaced with gas-powered buses. It was the last line of what had once been a 534-mile network of electric streetcars. In 1941 at peak times, a streetcar ran on Woodward Avenue every 60 seconds.

Q1: In which year was the last electric streetcar line removed?
A1: 1956
Q2: How many seconds did a streetcar run along Woodward Ave in 1941?
A2: 60
Q3: What made car travel much easier?
A3: highways
In June 1963, Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. gave a major speech in Detroit that foreshadowed his "I Have a Dream" speech in Washington, D.C. two months later. While the African-American Civil Rights Movement gained significant federal civil rights laws in 1964 and 1965, longstanding inequities resulted in confrontations between the police and inner city black youth wanting change. Longstanding tensions in Detroit culminated in the Twelfth Street riot in July 1967. Governor George W. Romney ordered the Michigan National Guard into Detroit, and President Johnson sent in U.S. Army troops. The result was 43 dead, 467 injured, over 7,200 arrests, and more than 2,000 buildings destroyed, mostly in black residential and business areas. Thousands of small businesses closed permanently or relocated to safer neighborhoods. The affected district lay in ruins for decades. It was the most costly riot in the United States.

Q1: In which year did Martin Luther King Jr. give a speech in Detroit?
A1: 1963
Q2: What is the name of the riot in Detroit in 1967?
A2: Twelfth Street riot
Q3: Who was the Governor of Michigan in 1967?
A3: George W. Romney
Q4: Who was the President of the United States in 1967?
A4: President Johnson
Q5: How many people were killed in the Twelfth Street riots?
A5: 43
On August 18, 1970, the NAACP filed suit against Michigan state officials, including Governor William Milliken, charging de facto public school segregation. The NAACP argued that although schools were not legally segregated, the city of Detroit and its surrounding counties had enacted policies to maintain racial segregation in public schools. The NAACP also suggested a direct relationship between unfair housing practices and educational segregation, which followed segregated neighborhoods. The District Court held all levels of government accountable for the segregation in its ruling. The Sixth Circuit Court affirmed some of the decision, holding that it was the state's responsibility to integrate across the segregated metropolitan area. The U.S. Supreme Court took up the case February 27, 1974. The subsequent Milliken v. Bradley decision had wide national influence. In a narrow decision, the Court found that schools were a subject of local control and that suburbs could not be forced to solve problems in the city's school district.

Q1: Who was Governor of Michigan in 1970?
A1: William Milliken
Q2: What is the court case that ruled that schools were subject to local control?
A2: Milliken v. Bradley
Q3: In which year did the Supreme Court hear Milliken v. Bradley?
A3: 1974
"Milliken was perhaps the greatest missed opportunity of that period," said Myron Orfield, professor of law at the University of Minnesota. "Had that gone the other way, it would have opened the door to fixing nearly all of Detroit's current problems." John Mogk, a professor of law and an expert in urban planning at Wayne State University in Detroit, says, "Everybody thinks that it was the riots [in 1967] that caused the white families to leave. Some people were leaving at that time but, really, it was after Milliken that you saw mass flight to the suburbs. If the case had gone the other way, it is likely that Detroit would not have experienced the steep decline in its tax base that has occurred since then."

Q1: What case is cited as a reason for White people leaving Detroit?
A1: Milliken
Q2: What school does John Mogk teach at?
A2: Wayne State University
Q3: At which school did Myron Orfield teach?
A3: University of Minnesota
In November 1973, the city elected Coleman Young as its first black mayor. After taking office, Young emphasized increasing racial diversity in the police department. Young also worked to improve Detroit's transportation system, but tension between Young and his suburban counterparts over regional matters was problematic throughout his mayoral term. In 1976, the federal government offered $600 million for building a regional rapid transit system, under a single regional authority. But the inability of Detroit and its suburban neighbors to solve conflicts over transit planning resulted in the region losing the majority of funding for rapid transit. Following the failure to reach an agreement over the larger system, the City moved forward with construction of the elevated downtown circulator portion of the system, which became known as the Detroit People Mover.

Q1: Who was the first black mayor of Detroit?
A1: Coleman Young
Q2: What did Detroit build after the failure of a larger regional transportation system?
A2: Detroit People Mover
Q3: How much did the federal government offer for a rapid transit system?
A3: $600 million
Q4: Who did Detroit argue with when trying to plane a regional transit system?
A4: suburban neighbors
The gasoline crises of 1973 and 1979 also affected Detroit and the U.S. auto industry. Buyers chose smaller, more fuel-efficient cars made by foreign makers as the price of gas rose. Efforts to revive the city were stymied by the struggles of the auto industry, as their sales and market share declined. Automakers laid off thousands of employees and closed plants in the city, further eroding the tax base. To counteract this, the city used eminent domain to build two large new auto assembly plants in the city.

Q1: What hurt the Auto industry?
A1: gasoline crises
Q2: What did Detroit use to build it's tax base?
A2: eminent domain
Q3: What was one of the effects of having employers cut jobs and closing plants in Detroit?
A3: eroding the tax base
As mayor, Young sought to revive the city by seeking to increase investment in the city's declining downtown. The Renaissance Center, a mixed-use office and retail complex, opened in 1977. This group of skyscrapers was an attempt to keep businesses in downtown. Young also gave city support to other large developments to attract middle and upper-class residents back to the city. Despite the Renaissance Center and other projects, the downtown area continued to lose businesses to the suburbs. Major stores and hotels closed and many large office buildings went vacant. Young was criticized for being too focused on downtown development and not doing enough to lower the city's high crime rate and improve city services.

Q1: What group of buildings opened in 1977?
A1: The Renaissance Center
Q2: What was Mayor Young criticized for not reducing?
A2: high crime rate
Q3: What area did downtown Detroit continue to lose businesses to?
A3: suburbs
Long a major population center and site of worldwide automobile manufacturing, Detroit has suffered a long economic decline produced by numerous factors. Like many industrial American cities, Detroit reached its population peak in the 1950 census. The peak population was 1.8 million people. Following suburbanization, industrial restructuring, and loss of jobs (as described above), by the 2010 census, the city had less than 40 percent of that number, with just over 700,000 residents. The city has declined in population in each census since 1950.

Q1: In which year did Detroit's population peak?
A1: 1950
Q2: What was the population of Detroit in 1950?
A2: 1.8 million
Q3: By how much in percent has the population of Detroit declined since 1950?
A3: 40
Q4: What was the population of Detroit in 2010?
A4: 700,000
Campus Martius, a reconfiguration of downtown's main intersection as a new park was opened in 2004. The park has been cited as one of the best public spaces in the United States. The city's riverfront has been the focus of redevelopment, following successful examples of other older industrial cities. In 2001, the first portion of the International Riverfront was completed as a part of the city's 300th anniversary celebration, with miles of parks and associated landscaping completed in succeeding years. In 2011, the Port Authority Passenger Terminal opened with the river walk connecting Hart Plaza to the Renaissance Center.

Q1: In which year was Campus Martius open?
A1: 2004
Q2: What area has Detroit been trying to redevelop?
A2: riverfront
Q3: In which year did Detroit celebrate it's 300th anniversary?
A3: 2001
Q4: What opened in 2011?
A4: Port Authority Passenger Terminal
Q5: Which two areas were connected by the Port Authority Passenger Terminal?
A5: Hart Plaza to the Renaissance Center
Since 2006, $9 billion has been invested in downtown and surrounding neighborhoods; $5.2 billion of that in has come in 2013 and 2014. Construction activity, particularly rehabilitation of historic downtown buildings, has increased markedly. The number of vacant downtown buildings has dropped from nearly 50 to around 13.[when?] Among the most notable redevelopment projects are the Book Cadillac Hotel and the Fort Shelby Hotel; the David Broderick Tower; and the David Whitney Building. Meanwhile, work is underway or set to begin on the historic, vacant Wurlitzer Building and Strathmore Hotel.[citation needed]

Q1: How much has been invested in Detroit since 2006?
A1: $9 billion
Q2: Which hotel is set to be renovated?
A2: Strathmore
Q3: How much money has been invested in Detroit in 2013-2014?
A3: $5.2 billion
Q4: How many vacant downtown buildings are there in Detroit?
A4: 13
Detroit's protracted decline has resulted in severe urban decay and thousands of empty buildings around the city. Some parts of Detroit are so sparsely populated that the city has difficulty providing municipal services. The city has considered various solutions, such as demolishing abandoned homes and buildings; removing street lighting from large portions of the city; and encouraging the small population in certain areas to move to more populated locations. While some have estimated 20,000 stray dogs roam the city, studies have shown the true number to be around 1,000-3,000. Roughly half of the owners of Detroit's 305,000 properties failed to pay their 2011 tax bills, resulting in about $246 million in taxes and fees going uncollected, nearly half of which was due to Detroit; the rest of the money would have been earmarked for Wayne County, Detroit Public Schools, and the library system.

Q1: How many stray dogs do studies suggest are in Detroit?
A1: 1,000-3,000
Q2: How much in unpaid taxes did Detroit fail to collect in 2011?
A2: $246 million
Q3: What is the term for when a city falls into disrepair?
A3: urban decay
The city slopes gently from the northwest to southeast on a till plain composed largely of glacial and lake clay. The most notable topographical feature in the city is the Detroit Moraine, a broad clay ridge on which the older portions of Detroit and Windsor sit atop, rising approximately 62 feet (19 m) above the river at its highest point. The highest elevation in the city is located directly north of Gorham Playground on the northwest side approximately three blocks south of 8 Mile Road, at a height of 675 to 680 feet (206 to 207 m). Detroit's lowest elevation is along the Detroit River, at a surface height of 572 feet (174 m).

Q1: What is the prominent topographical feature in Detroit?
A1: Detroit Moraine
Q2: How tall is the tallest point in Detroit?
A2: 675 to 680 feet
Q3: What is the lowest point in Detroit along side?
A3: Detroit River
Q4: What material is the Detroit Moraine composed of?
A4: clay
Detroit has four border crossings: the Ambassador Bridge and the Detroit–Windsor Tunnel provide motor vehicle thoroughfares, with the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel providing railroad access to and from Canada. The fourth border crossing is the Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry, located near the Windsor Salt Mine and Zug Island. Near Zug Island, the southwest part of the city was developed over a 1,500-acre (610 ha) salt mine that is 1,100 feet (340 m) below the surface. The Detroit Salt Company mine has over 100 miles (160 km) of roads within.

Q1: What company mines salt in Detroit?
A1: Detroit Salt Company
Q2: How many acres is the Windsor Salt Mine?
A2: 1,500
Q3: How many routes to Canada does Detroit have?
A3: four
Q4: What is the railway tunnel to Canada called?
A4: Michigan Central Railway Tunnel
Q5: What it the Ferry to Canada called?
A5: Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry
Detroit and the rest of southeastern Michigan have a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa) which is influenced by the Great Lakes; the city and close-in suburbs are part of USDA Hardiness zone 6b, with farther-out northern and western suburbs generally falling in zone 6a. Winters are cold, with moderate snowfall and temperatures not rising above freezing on an average 44 days annually, while dropping to or below 0 °F (−18 °C) on an average 4.4 days a year; summers are warm to hot with temperatures exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) on 12 days. The warm season runs from May to September. The monthly daily mean temperature ranges from 25.6 °F (−3.6 °C) in January to 73.6 °F (23.1 °C) in July. Official temperature extremes range from 105 °F (41 °C) on July 24, 1934 down to −21 °F (−29 °C) on January 21, 1984; the record low maximum is −4 °F (−20 °C) on January 19, 1994, while, conversely the record high minimum is 80 °F (27 °C) on August 1, 2006, the most recent of five occurrences. A decade or two may pass between readings of 100 °F (38 °C) or higher, which last occurred July 17, 2012. The average window for freezing temperatures is October 20 thru April 22, allowing a growing season of 180 days.

Q1: What body of water affects Detroit's climate?
A1: Great Lakes
Q2: How many days a year does the temperature in Detroit drop below 0?
A2: 4.4
Q3: When is the warm season in Detroit?
A3: May to September