romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language in American secondary schools and of higher education. More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses in autumn of 2002 and Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled, followed by French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%) although the totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.

Q1: What language, other than English, is spoken in the U.S.?
A1: Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language
Q2: Are students taught Spanish in american schools?
A2: More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses
Q3: How popular are Spanish language classes in the U.S,?
A3: Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled
Q4: What other languages are popular among American students?
A4: French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%)
Q5: Are these other languages learned in the U.S. as popular as Spanish?
A5: totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.
The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish, following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration. Official Spanish translations are available at WhiteHouse.gov. Moreover, non-Hispanic American origin politicians fluent in Spanish-speak in Spanish to Hispanic majority constituencies. There are 500 Spanish newspapers, 152 magazines, and 205 publishers in the United States; magazine and local television advertising expenditures for the Hispanic market have increased much from 1999 to 2003, with growth of 58 percent and 43 percent, respectively.

Q1: What political speaches are delivered in English and Spanish?
A1: The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish
Q2: Was this always the case in American political addresses?
A2: following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration. Official Spanish translations are available at WhiteHouse.gov.
Q3: Does Washington (government) operate in both languages (bilingual-Spanish?)
A3: politicians fluent in Spanish-speak in Spanish to Hispanic majority constituencies
Q4: If someone is not bilingual and only speaks Spanish, how do they learn about current events?
A4: There are 500 Spanish newspapers, 152 magazines, and 205 publishers in the United States; magazine and local television
Q5: Is the Hispanic population relevant to the American media?
A5: local television advertising expenditures for the Hispanic market have increased much from 1999 to 2003, with growth of 58 percent and 43 percent, respectively.
Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project, the most complete study of English language adoption by Hispanophone immigrants. Mr Veltman's language shift studies document high bilingualism rates and subsequent adoption of English as the preferred language of Hispanics, particularly by the young and the native-born. The complete set of these studies' demographic projections postulates the near-complete assimilation of a given Hispanophone immigrant cohort within two generations. Although his study based itself upon a large 1976 sample from the Bureau of the Census (which has not been repeated), data from the 1990 Census tend to confirm the great Anglicization of the US Hispanic American origin population.

Q1: Are there studies on Hispanic-American language?
A1: Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project
Q2: What is Calvin Veltman' study about?
A2: the most complete study of English language adoption by Hispanophone immigrants
Q3: Is Calvin Veltman' relevant to today's Hispanic Americans?
A3: his study based itself upon a large 1976 sample from the Bureau of the Census (which has not been repeated),
Q4: Are there other similar findings similar to Calvin Veltman' for the modern age?
A4: data from the 1990 Census tend to confirm the great Anglicization of the US Hispanic American origin population.
Q5: What was Calvin Veltman' findings?
A5: high bilingualism rates and subsequent adoption of English as the preferred language of Hispanics, particularly by the young and the native-born.
Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is located on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper Rivers, or, as is locally expressed, "where the Cooper and Ashley Rivers come together to form the Atlantic Ocean."

Q1: What is the oldest city in South Carolina?
A1: Charleston
Q2: What county is Charleston, South Carolina located in?
A2: Charleston County
Q3: Charleston is located on what harbor?
A3: Charleston Harbor
Q4: Charleston Harbor is an inlet of what ocean?
A4: Atlantic Ocean
Q5: What river mergers with the Cooper River to form Charleston Harbor?
A5: Ashley Rivers
Q6: What county is Charleston located in?
A6: Charleston County
Q7: Charleston Harbor is formed on what ocean?
A7: Atlantic Ocean
Q8: What river merges with the Ashley River to from the Charleston Harbor?
A8: Cooper Rivers
Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, and it remained among the 10 largest cities in the United States through the 1840 census. With a 2010 census population of 120,083  (and a 2014 estimate of 130,113), current trends put Charleston as the fastest-growing municipality in South Carolina. The population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester Counties, was counted by the 2014 estimate at 727,689 – the third-largest in the state – and the 78th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States.

Q1: What year was Charleston founded?
A1: 1670
Q2: What was Charleston's original name?
A2: Charles Town
Q3: Charles Town was named after which king?
A3: King Charles II of England
Q4: Where was the city originally located?
A4: Albemarle Point
Q5: What was Charleston's population in 2010?
A5: 120,083
Q6: What year was Charleston originally founded?
A6: 1670
Q7: Who was Charles Town named after?
A7: King Charles II of England
Q8: What was the originally name of Charleston?
A8: Charles Town
Q9: How many people lived in Charleston in 2010?
A9: 120,083
Q10: Where was Charleston's first location?
A10: Albemarle Point
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 127.5 square miles (330.2 km2), of which 109.0 square miles (282.2 km2) is land and 18.5 square miles (47.9 km2) is covered by water. The old city is located on a peninsula at the point where, as Charlestonians say, "The Ashley and the Cooper Rivers come together to form the Atlantic Ocean." The entire peninsula is very low, some is landfill material, and as such, frequently floods during heavy rains, storm surges, and unusually high tides. The city limits have expanded across the Ashley River from the peninsula, encompassing the majority of West Ashley as well as James Island and some of Johns Island. The city limits also have expanded across the Cooper River, encompassing Daniel Island and the Cainhoy area. North Charleston blocks any expansion up the peninsula, and Mount Pleasant occupies the land directly east of the Cooper River.

Q1: How large is Charleston, South Carolina?
A1: 127.5 square miles (330.2 km2)
Q2: Which city blocks Charleston for expanding up the peninsula?
A2: North Charleston
Q3: How much of Charleston is covered by water?
A3: 18.5 square miles (47.9 km2)
Q4: How of Charleston's total area is dry land?
A4: 109.0 square miles (282.2 km2)
Q5: What town occupies the land directly east of the Cooper River?
A5: Mount Pleasant
Charleston has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with mild winters, hot, humid summers, and significant rainfall all year long. Summer is the wettest season; almost half of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September in the form of thundershowers. Fall remains relatively warm through November. Winter is short and mild, and is characterized by occasional rain. Measurable snow (≥0.1 in or 0.25 cm) only occurs several times per decade at the most, with the last such event occurring December 26, 2010. However, 6.0 in (15 cm) fell at the airport on December 23, 1989, the largest single-day fall on record, contributing to a single-storm and seasonal record of 8.0 in (20 cm) snowfall.

Q1: What season is the wettest in Charleston?
A1: Summer
Q2: In what form does half of Charleston's annual rainfall occur?
A2: thundershowers
Q3: What season is characterized as short in Charleston?
A3: Winter
Q4: What is Charleston's seasonal record of snowfall?
A4: 8.0 in (20 cm)
Q5: What season is considered short in Charleston?
A5: Winter
Q6: What is the wettest season in Charleston?
A6: Summer
Q7: Half of Charleston's annual rainfall occurs in what form?
A7: thundershowers
Q8: How much snow did Charleston's Airport recieve on December, 23 1989?
A8: 6.0 in (15 cm
The highest temperature recorded within city limits was 104 °F (40 °C), on June 2, 1985, and June 24, 1944, and the lowest was 7 °F (−14 °C) on February 14, 1899, although at the airport, where official records are kept, the historical range is 105 °F (41 °C) on August 1, 1999 down to 6 °F (−14 °C) on January 21, 1985. Hurricanes are a major threat to the area during the summer and early fall, with several severe hurricanes hitting the area – most notably Hurricane Hugo on September 21, 1989 (a category 4 storm). Dewpoint in the summer ranges from 67.8 to 71.4 °F (20 to 22 °C).

Q1: What is hottest temperature recorded with Charleston's city limits?
A1: 104 °F
Q2: What hurricane hit Charleston in 1989?
A2: Hurricane Hugo
Q3: What was the lowest temperature ever recorded Charleston's city limit?
A3: 7 °F (−14 °C)
Q4: What type of storm is a major threat to Charleston in the summer and early fall?
A4: Hurricanes
Q5: What day did Charleston's airport hit the coldest day on record?
A5: January 21, 1985
The Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of three counties: Charleston, Berkeley, and Dorchester. As of the 2013 U.S. Census, the metropolitan statistical area had a total population of 712,239 people. North Charleston is the second-largest city in the Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area and ranks as the third-largest city in the state; Mount Pleasant and Summerville are the next-largest cities. These cities combined with other incorporated and unincorporated areas along with the city of Charleston form the Charleston-North Charleston Urban Area with a population of 548,404 as of 2010. The metropolitan statistical area also includes a separate and much smaller urban area within Berkeley County, Moncks Corner (with a 2000 population of 9,123).

Q1: How many people lived in the Charleston=North Charleston Urban Area in 2010?
A1: 548,404
Q2: What is the third largest city in South Carolina?
A2: North Charleston
Q3: How many people lived in Moncks Corner in 2000?
A3: 9,123
Q4: Charleston and Berkeley is combined with what other county to form a metropolitan statistical area?
A4: Dorchester
Q5: In which county is Moncks Corner located?
A5: Berkeley County
The traditional parish system persisted until the Reconstruction Era, when counties were imposed.[citation needed] Nevertheless, traditional parishes still exist in various capacities, mainly as public service districts. When the city of Charleston was formed, it was defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Philip and St. Michael, now also includes parts of St. James' Parish, St. George's Parish, St. Andrew's Parish, and St. John's Parish, although the last two are mostly still incorporated rural parishes.

Q1: What era brought counties to South Carolina?
A1: Reconstruction Era
Q2: Counties replaced what system in South Carolina?
A2: traditional parish system
Q3: What is the main use of the parish system nowadays?
A3: public service districts
Q4: The city of Charleston is defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Michael and what other parish?
A4: Parish of St. Philip
Q5: What other parish besides St. John's Parish is  mostly an incorporated rural parish?
A5: St. Andrew's Parish
After Charles II of England (1630–1685) was restored to the English throne in 1660 following Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate, he granted the chartered Province of Carolina to eight of his loyal friends, known as the Lords Proprietors, on March 24, 1663. It took seven years before the group arranged for settlement expeditions. The first of these founded Charles Town, in 1670. Governance, settlement, and development were to follow a visionary plan known as the Grand Model prepared for the Lords Proprietors by John Locke.

Q1: What year was Charles Town founded?
A1: 1670
Q2: How long did it take to establish settlement expeditions for the Province of Carolina?
A2: seven years
Q3: What was the plan to settle and develop the Province of Carolina?
A3: the Grand Model
Q4: Who prepared the plan known as "the Grand Model"?
A4: John Locke
Q5: When was Charles II of England restored to the throne?
A5: 1660
The community was established by several shiploads of settlers from Bermuda (which lies due east of South Carolina, although at 1,030 km or 640 mi, it is closest to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina), under the leadership of governor William Sayle, on the west bank of the Ashley River, a few miles northwest of the present-day city center. It was soon predicted by the Earl of Shaftesbury, one of the Lords Proprietors, to become a "great port towne", a destiny the city quickly fulfilled. In 1680, the settlement was moved east of the Ashley River to the peninsula between the Ashley and Cooper Rivers. Not only was this location more defensible, but it also offered access to a fine natural harbor.

Q1: Where did Charleston's original settlers come from?
A1: Bermuda
Q2: Bermuda is located near which North Carolina town?
A2: Cape Hatteras
Q3: Who was the first governor of Charleston?
A3: William Sayle
Q4: Who predicted Charleston would become a 'great port towne'?
A4: Earl of Shaftesbury
Q5: The settlement was relocated east to what river?
A5: Ashley River
The first settlers primarily came from England, its Caribbean colony of Barbados, and its Atlantic colony of Bermuda. Among these were free people of color, born in the West Indies of alliances and marriages between Africans and Englanders, when color lines were looser among the working class in the early colonial years, and some wealthy whites took black consorts or concubines. Charles Town attracted a mixture of ethnic and religious groups. French, Scottish, Irish, and Germans migrated to the developing seacoast town, representing numerous Protestant denominations. Because of the battles between English "royalty" and the Roman Catholic Church, practicing Catholics were not allowed to settle in South Carolina until after the American Revolution. Jews were allowed, and Sephardic Jews migrated to the city in such numbers that by the beginning of the 19th century, the city was home to the largest and wealthiest Jewish community in North America—a status it held until about 1830.

Q1: What religious group was not allowed to settle in South Carolina?
A1: Catholics
Q2: About what year did Charleston cease to have the wealthiest Jewish community in America?
A2: 1830
Q3: What European country did many of the first Charleston settlers come from?
A3: England
Q4: After what war did the state ban on Catholics end?
A4: American Revolution
Q5: Along with Bermuda, what other English colony did many settlers come from?
A5: Barbados
The early settlement was often subject to attack from sea and land, including periodic assaults from Spain and France (both of whom contested England's claims to the region), and pirates. These were combined with raids by Native Americans, who tried to protect themselves from so-called European "settlers," who in turn wanted to expand the settlement. The heart of the city was fortified according to a 1704 plan by Governor Johnson. Except those fronting Cooper River, the walls were largely removed during the 1720s.

Q1: Which country along with France contested England's claim to the Charleston region?
A1: Spain
Q2: Which group raided the settlement as a means to protect themselves from settlers?
A2: Native Americans
Q3: The majority of the fort walls were removed in what decade?
A3: 1720s
Q4: Whose 1704 plan was used to fortified the city?
A4: Governor Johnson
Q5: Beside European nations and Native Americans, who else attacked the Charleston settlement?
A5: pirates
Africans were brought to Charles Town on the Middle Passage, first as "servants", then as slaves. Ethnic groups transported here included especially Wolof, Yoruba, Fulani, Igbo, Malinke, and other people of the Windward Coast. An estimated 40% of the total 400,000 Africans transported and sold as slaves into North America are estimated to have landed at Sullivan's Island, just off the port of Charles Town; it is described as a "hellish Ellis Island of sorts .... Today nothing commemorates that ugly fact but a simple bench, established by the author Toni Morrison using private funds."

Q1: What author paid for the simple bench at Sullivan's Island?
A1: Toni Morrison
Q2: What percentage of those sold as slaves in North America landed at Sullivan's Island?
A2: 40%
Q3: What stage of the slave trade provided slaves to Charles Town?
A3: Middle Passage
Q4: What peoples were brought to Charles Town to be slaves?
A4: Africans
Q5: Which African coast did many slaves that were sold in Charles Town come from?
A5: Windward Coast
Colonial Lowcountry landowners experimented with cash crops ranging from tea to silkworms. African slaves brought knowledge of rice cultivation, which plantation owners cultivated and developed as a successful commodity crop by 1700. With the coerced help of African slaves from the Caribbean, Eliza Lucas, daughter of plantation owner George Lucas, learned how to raise and use indigo in the Lowcountry in 1747. Supported with subsidies from Britain, indigo was a leading export by 1750. Those and naval stores were exported in an extremely profitable shipping industry.

Q1: African slaves had great knowledge of the cultivation of what product?
A1: rice
Q2: By what year was indigo was a leading export for the Lowcountry?
A2: 1750
Q3: Which nation subsidized indigo crops from the Lowcountry?
A3: Britain
Q4: By what year was rice a successful commodity crop for the Lowcountry?
A4: 1700
Q5: What products were exported along with indigo from the Lowcountry?
A5: naval stores
By the mid-18th century, Charles Town had become a bustling trade center, the hub of the Atlantic trade for the southern colonies. Charles Towne was also the wealthiest and largest city south of Philadelphia, in part because of the lucrative slave trade. By 1770, it was the fourth-largest port in the colonies, after Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, with a population of 11,000—slightly more than half of them slaves. By 1708, the majority of the colony's population was slaves, and the future state would continue to be a majority of African descent until after the Great Migration of the early 20th century.

Q1: What lucrative trade contributed greatly to Charles Town's growth?
A1: slave trade
Q2: When did Charles Town become the fourth largest colonial port?
A2: 1770
Q3: Who made up the majority of Charles Town population in 1708?
A3: slaves
Q4: People of African descent were the majority in Charleston until what mass movement?
A4: the Great Migration
Q5: When did the Great Migration occur?
A5: the early 20th century
Charles Town was a hub of the deerskin trade, the basis of its early economy. Trade alliances with the Cherokee and Creek nations insured a steady supply of deer hides. Between 1699 and 1715, colonists exported an average of 54,000 deer skins annually to Europe through Charles Town. Between 1739 and 1761, the height of the deerskin trade era, an estimated 500,000 to 1,250,000 deer were slaughtered. During the same period, Charles Town records show an export of 5,239,350 pounds of deer skins. Deer skins were used in the production of men's fashionable and practical buckskin pantaloons, gloves, and book bindings.

Q1: What other Native American nation supplied Charles Town with deer hides other than the Cherokee nation?
A1: Creek nations
Q2: What is the  estimation of deer slaughtered in Charles Town from 1739 to 1761?
A2: 500,000 to 1,250,000
Q3: Records indicate how many pounds of deer skins were exported from Charles Town during the height of its deerskin trade?
A3: 5,239,350
Q4: What trade was the basis of Charles Town's original economy?
A4: the deerskin trade
Q5: What was the average amount of deer skins  that Charles Town exported to Europe between 1699 to 1715?
A5: 54,000
As Charles Town grew, so did the community's cultural and social opportunities, especially for the elite merchants and planters. The first theatre building in America was built in 1736 on the site of today's Dock Street Theatre. Benevolent societies were formed by different ethnic groups, from French Huguenots to free people of color to Germans to Jews. The Charles Towne Library Society was established in 1748 by well-born young men who wanted to share the financial cost to keep up with the scientific and philosophical issues of the day. This group also helped establish the College of Charles Towne in 1770, the oldest college in South Carolina. Until its transition to state ownership in 1970, this was the oldest municipally supported college in the United States.

Q1: What is the oldest college in South Carolina?
A1: College of Charles Towne
Q2: Charleston supported the College of Charles Towne until what year?
A2: 1970
Q3: What year was the Charles Towne Library Society established?
A3: 1748
Q4: When was the College of Charles Towe founded?
A4: 1770
Q5: What is located where the first theatre building in Charles Town once stood?
A5: Dock Street Theatre
On June 28, 1776, General Sir Henry Clinton along with 2,000 men and a naval squadron tried to seize Charles Towne, hoping for a simultaneous Loyalist uprising in South Carolina. When the fleet fired cannonballs, they failed to penetrate Fort Sullivan's unfinished, yet thick, palmetto-log walls. No local Loyalists attacked the town from the mainland side, as the British had hoped they would do. Col. Moultrie's men returned fire and inflicted heavy damage on several of the British ships. The British were forced to withdraw their forces, and the Americans renamed the defensive installation as Fort Moultrie in honor of its commander.

Q1: Which general tried to seize Charles Town during the American Revolution?
A1: General Sir Henry Clinton
Q2: Who was the commander of the American forces defending South Carolina?
A2: Col. Moultrie
Q3: When did General Clinton attack South Carolina?
A3: June 28, 1776
Q4: What was the British hoping to inspire by their attack on Charles Town?
A4: a simultaneous Loyalist uprising
Q5: Fort Sullivan was renamed  what after the battle?
A5: Fort Moultrie