romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
During the early 20th century, northerners were attracted to the city, and Miami prospered during the 1920s with an increase in population and infrastructure. The legacy of Jim Crow was embedded in these developments. Miami's chief of police, H. Leslie Quigg, did not hide the fact that he, like many other white Miami police officers, was a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Unsurprisingly, these officers enforced social codes far beyond the written law. Quigg, for example, "personally and publicly beat a colored bellboy to death for speaking directly to a white woman."

Q1: Who was a notable chief of the Miami police?
A1: H. Leslie Quigg
Q2: To what controversial organization did a Miami chief of police belong?
A2: Ku Klux Klan
Q3: For what reason did H. Leslie Quigg kill a black man?
A3: speaking directly to a white woman
Q4: What was the occupation of the African-American man killed by Quigg?
A4: bellboy
After Fidel Castro rose to power in Cuba in 1959, many wealthy Cubans sought refuge in Miami, further increasing the population. The city developed businesses and cultural amenities as part of the New South. In the 1980s and 1990s, South Florida weathered social problems related to drug wars, immigration from Haiti and Latin America, and the widespread destruction of Hurricane Andrew. Racial and cultural tensions were sometimes sparked, but the city developed in the latter half of the 20th century as a major international, financial, and cultural center. It is the second-largest U.S. city (after El Paso, Texas) with a Spanish-speaking majority, and the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality.

Q1: In what year did Fidel Castro take over Cuba?
A1: 1959
Q2: From what country did people notably emigrate to southern Florida in the 1980s and 90s?
A2: Haiti
Q3: What notable hurricane occurred between the 1980s and 1990s?
A3: Andrew
Q4: What is the largest city in the United States where a majority of the population speaks Spanish?
A4: El Paso, Texas
Q5: Miami is the US city with the largest population of what ethnic group?
A5: Cuban-American
Miami and its suburbs are located on a broad plain between the Florida Everglades to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east, which also extends from Florida Bay north to Lake Okeechobee. The elevation of the area never rises above 40 ft (12 m) and averages at around 6 ft (1.8 m) above mean sea level in most neighborhoods, especially near the coast. The highest undulations are found along the coastal Miami Rock Ridge, whose substrate underlies most of the eastern Miami metropolitan region. The main portion of the city lies on the shores of Biscayne Bay which contains several hundred natural and artificially created barrier islands, the largest of which contains Miami Beach and South Beach. The Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current, runs northward just 15 miles (24 km) off the coast, allowing the city's climate to stay warm and mild all year.

Q1: Where are the Everglades in relation to Miami?
A1: east
Q2: To travel from Biscayne Bay to Miami, in what direction would one move?
A2: west
Q3: What is the northern terminus of Biscayne Bay?
A3: Lake Okeechobee
Q4: In kilometers, how far is the Gulf Stream from Miami's coast?
A4: 24
Q5: In meters, what is the average height above sea level of the Miami area?
A5: 1.8
The surface bedrock under the Miami area is called Miami oolite or Miami limestone. This bedrock is covered by a thin layer of soil, and is no more than 50 feet (15 m) thick. Miami limestone formed as the result of the drastic changes in sea level associated with recent glaciations or ice ages. Beginning some 130,000 years ago the Sangamonian Stage raised sea levels to approximately 25 feet (8 m) above the current level. All of southern Florida was covered by a shallow sea. Several parallel lines of reef formed along the edge of the submerged Florida plateau, stretching from the present Miami area to what is now the Dry Tortugas. The area behind this reef line was in effect a large lagoon, and the Miami limestone formed throughout the area from the deposition of oolites and the shells of bryozoans. Starting about 100,000 years ago the Wisconsin glaciation began lowering sea levels, exposing the floor of the lagoon. By 15,000 years ago, the sea level had dropped to 300 to 350 feet (90 to 110 m) below the contemporary level. The sea level rose quickly after that, stabilizing at the current level about 4000 years ago, leaving the mainland of South Florida just above sea level.

Q1: What is another name for Miami limestone?
A1: Miami oolite
Q2: How many meters thick is the bedrock under Miami at its maximum?
A2: 15
Q3: What Stage occurred approximately 130,000 years ago?
A3: Sangamonian
Q4: How many meters did the Sangamonian Stage raise sea levels compared to their present level?
A4: 8
Q5: What event caused sea levels to decrease approximately 100,000 years ago?
A5: Wisconsin glaciation
Beneath the plain lies the Biscayne Aquifer, a natural underground source of fresh water that extends from southern Palm Beach County to Florida Bay, with its highest point peaking around the cities of Miami Springs and Hialeah. Most of the Miami metropolitan area obtains its drinking water from this aquifer. As a result of the aquifer, it is not possible to dig more than 15 to 20 ft (5 to 6 m) beneath the city without hitting water, which impedes underground construction, though some underground parking garages exist. For this reason, the mass transit systems in and around Miami are elevated or at-grade.[citation needed]

Q1: Along with Miami Springs, where is the highest point of the Biscayne Aquifer?
A1: Hialeah
Q2: The Biscayne Aquifer stretches from Palm Beach County to where?
A2: Florida Bay
Q3: After digging how many meters is one sure to reach running water in Miami?
A3: 5 to 6
Q4: What is limited by Miami's high water table?
A4: underground construction
Miami is partitioned into many different sections, roughly into North, South, West and Downtown. The heart of the city is Downtown Miami and is technically on the eastern side of the city. This area includes Brickell, Virginia Key, Watson Island, and PortMiami. Downtown is South Florida's central business district, and Florida's largest and most influential central business district. Downtown has the largest concentration of international banks in the U.S. along Brickell Avenue. Downtown is home to many major banks, courthouses, financial headquarters, cultural and tourist attractions, schools, parks and a large residential population. East of Downtown, across Biscayne Bay is South Beach. Just northwest of Downtown, is the Civic Center, which is Miami's center for hospitals, research institutes and biotechnology with hospitals such as Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami VA Hospital, and the University of Miami's Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine.

Q1: Along with West, Downtown and North, what is the other notable area of Miami?
A1: South
Q2: By cardinal direction, what part of the city is referred to as Downtown?
A2: eastern
Q3: Along with Port Miami, Watson Island and Brickell, what area is in Downtown Miami?
A3: Virginia Key
Q4: On what street is the highest concentration of international banks in the US?
A4: Brickell Avenue
Q5: Where is South Beach in relation to Downtown?
A5: East
The southern side of Miami includes Coral Way, The Roads and Coconut Grove. Coral Way is a historic residential neighborhood built in 1922 connecting Downtown with Coral Gables, and is home to many old homes and tree-lined streets. Coconut Grove was established in 1825 and is the location of Miami's City Hall in Dinner Key, the Coconut Grove Playhouse, CocoWalk, many nightclubs, bars, restaurants and bohemian shops, and as such, is very popular with local college students. It is a historic neighborhood with narrow, winding roads, and a heavy tree canopy. Coconut Grove has many parks and gardens such as Villa Vizcaya, The Kampong, The Barnacle Historic State Park, and is the home of the Coconut Grove Convention Center and numerous historic homes and estates.

Q1: Along with Coconut Grove and Coral Way, what is notably present in southern Miami?
A1: The Roads
Q2: When was Coral Way constructed?
A2: 1922
Q3: What does Coral Way connect to Coral Gables?
A3: Downtown
Q4: In what year did the establishment of Coconut Grove occur?
A4: 1825
Q5: What part of Coconut Grove houses the city hall of Miami?
A5: Dinner Key
The northern side of Miami includes Midtown, a district with a great mix of diversity with many West Indians, Hispanics, European Americans, bohemians, and artists. Edgewater, and Wynwood, are neighborhoods of Midtown and are made up mostly of high-rise residential towers and are home to the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts. The wealthier residents usually live in the northeastern part, in Midtown, the Design District, and the Upper East Side, with many sought after 1920s homes and home of the MiMo Historic District, a style of architecture originated in Miami in the 1950s. The northern side of Miami also has notable African American and Caribbean immigrant communities such as Little Haiti, Overtown (home of the Lyric Theater), and Liberty City.

Q1: What notable theater is present in Overtown?
A1: Lyric
Q2: After whom is the performing arts center in Midtown named?
A2: Adrienne Arsht
Q3: In what part of Miami is Midtown?
A3: northern
Q4: What is the name of the architectural style originating in 1950s Miami?
A4: MiMo
Q5: What northern Miami neighborhood is named for a Caribbean country?
A5: Little Haiti
Miami has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am) with hot and humid summers and short, warm winters, with a marked drier season in the winter. Its sea-level elevation, coastal location, position just above the Tropic of Cancer, and proximity to the Gulf Stream shapes its climate. With January averaging 67.2 °F (19.6 °C), winter features mild to warm temperatures; cool air usually settles after the passage of a cold front, which produces much of the little amount of rainfall during the season. Lows occasionally fall below 50 °F (10 °C), but very rarely below 35 °F (2 °C). Highs generally range between 70–77 °F (21–25 °C).

Q1: What is Miami's Köppen climate classification?
A1: Am
Q2: What type of weather does Miami have in the summer?
A2: hot and humid
Q3: In degrees Celsius, what is the average January temperature in Miami?
A3: 19.6
Q4: In degrees Fahrenheit, what is the normal range of high temperatures in Miami?
A4: 70–77
Q5: In degrees Celsius, what temperature does Miami rarely see?
A5: 2
The wet season begins some time in May, ending in mid-October. During this period, temperatures are in the mid 80s to low 90s (29–35 °C), accompanied by high humidity, though the heat is often relieved by afternoon thunderstorms or a sea breeze that develops off the Atlantic Ocean, which then allow lower temperatures, but conditions still remain very muggy. Much of the year's 55.9 inches (1,420 mm) of rainfall occurs during this period. Dewpoints in the warm months range from 71.9 °F (22.2 °C) in June to 73.7 °F (23.2 °C) in August.

Q1: When is the beginning of Miami's wet season?
A1: May
Q2: What month sees the end of the wet season in Miami?
A2: October
Q3: In degrees Celsius, what is the range of temperatures during the wet season?
A3: 29–35
Q4: How many millimeters of rain fall on Miami annually?
A4: 1,420
Q5: What is the typical August dew point in degrees Fahrenheit?
A5: 73.7
The city proper is home to less than one-thirteenth of the population of South Florida. Miami is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States. The Miami metropolitan area, which includes Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, had a combined population of more than 5.5 million people, ranked seventh largest in the United States, and is the largest metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States. As of 2008[update], the United Nations estimates that the Miami Urban Agglomeration is the 44th-largest in the world.

Q1: Where does Miami rank in population among US cities?
A1: 42nd
Q2: Along with Palm Beach and Miami-Dade, what county is part of the Miami-Dade metropolitan area?
A2: Broward
Q3: How many people live in the Miami-Dade metropolitan area?
A3: 5.5 million
Q4: Where does Miami-Dade rank in population among metropolitan areas in the US?
A4: seventh
Q5: What fraction of the southern Florida population lives in Miami?
A5: one-thirteenth
In 1960, non-Hispanic whites represented 80% of Miami-Dade county's population. In 1970, the Census Bureau reported Miami's population as 45.3% Hispanic, 32.9% non-Hispanic White, and 22.7% Black. Miami's explosive population growth has been driven by internal migration from other parts of the country, primarily up until the 1980s, as well as by immigration, primarily from the 1960s to the 1990s. Today, immigration to Miami has slowed significantly and Miami's growth today is attributed greatly to its fast urbanization and high-rise construction, which has increased its inner city neighborhood population densities, such as in Downtown, Brickell, and Edgewater, where one area in Downtown alone saw a 2,069% increase in population in the 2010 Census. Miami is regarded as more of a multicultural mosaic, than it is a melting pot, with residents still maintaining much of, or some of their cultural traits. The overall culture of Miami is heavily influenced by its large population of Hispanics and blacks mainly from the Caribbean islands.

Q1: What percentage of Miami-Dade's population was non-Hispanic white in 1960?
A1: 80
Q2: What percentage of the Miami population in 1970 was black?
A2: 22.7
Q3: What was the largest ethnic group in 1970 Miami?
A3: Hispanic
Q4: Along with Downtown and Edgewater, what area of Miami has notably seen increasing population densities?
A4: Brickell
Q5: Starting in what decade did immigration from outside the United States begin to have a significant influence on Miami's population?
A5: 1960s
Several large companies are headquartered in or around Miami, including but not limited to: Akerman Senterfitt, Alienware, Arquitectonica, Arrow Air, Bacardi, Benihana, Brightstar Corporation, Burger King, Celebrity Cruises, Carnival Corporation, Carnival Cruise Lines, Crispin Porter + Bogusky, Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company, Espírito Santo Financial Group, Fizber.com, Greenberg Traurig, Holland & Knight, Inktel Direct, Interval International, Lennar, Navarro Discount Pharmacies, Norwegian Cruise Lines, Oceania Cruises, Perry Ellis International, RCTV International, Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines, Ryder Systems, Seabourn Cruise Line, Sedano's, Telefónica USA, UniMÁS, Telemundo, Univision, U.S. Century Bank, Vector Group and World Fuel Services. Because of its proximity to Latin America, Miami serves as the headquarters of Latin American operations for more than 1400 multinational corporations, including AIG, American Airlines, Cisco, Disney, Exxon, FedEx, Kraft Foods, LEO Pharma Americas, Microsoft, Yahoo, Oracle, SBC Communications, Sony, Symantec, Visa International, and Wal-Mart.

Q1: Approximately how many multinationals have their Latin American operation headquarters in Miami?
A1: 1400
Q2: Why do so many multinationals have their Latin American headquarters in Miami?
A2: proximity to Latin America
Q3: Along with Celebrity, Carnival, Norwegian, Oceania and Royal Caribbean, what cruise line is based in Miami?
A3: Seabourn
Miami is a major television production center, and the most important city in the U.S. for Spanish language media. Univisión, Telemundo and UniMÁS have their headquarters in Miami, along with their production studios. The Telemundo Television Studios produces much of the original programming for Telemundo, such as their telenovelas and talk shows. In 2011, 85% of Telemundo's original programming was filmed in Miami. Miami is also a major music recording center, with the Sony Music Latin and Universal Music Latin Entertainment headquarters in the city, along with many other smaller record labels. The city also attracts many artists for music video and film shootings.

Q1: Along with UniMÁS and Univisión, what Spanish language television station is headquartered in Miami?
A1: Telemundo
Q2: As of 2011, what percentage of original Telemundo programming was filmed in Miami?
A2: 85
Q3: Along with Sony Music Latin, what music recording corporation is located in Miami?
A3: Universal Music Latin Entertainment
Q4: What is the name of the business that produces a significant portion of Telemundo's original programming?
A4: Telemundo Television Studios
Since 2001, Miami has been undergoing a large building boom with more than 50 skyscrapers rising over 400 feet (122 m) built or currently under construction in the city. Miami's skyline is ranked third-most impressive in the U.S., behind New York City and Chicago, and 19th in the world according to the Almanac of Architecture and Design. The city currently has the eight tallest (as well as thirteen of the fourteen tallest) skyscrapers in the state of Florida, with the tallest being the 789-foot (240 m) Four Seasons Hotel & Tower.

Q1: How many 400+ foot skyscrapers have been built or are in the process of being built in Miami since 2001?
A1: 50
Q2: What US cities have more impressive skylines than Miami's?
A2: New York City and Chicago
Q3: What is Miami's world rank in terms of how impressive its skyline is?
A3: 19th
Q4: Of the fourteen tallest skyscrapers in Florida, how many are in Miami?
A4: thirteen
Q5: What is the tallest skyscraper in Florida?
A5: Four Seasons Hotel & Tower
During the mid-2000s, the city witnessed its largest real estate boom since the Florida land boom of the 1920s. During this period, the city had well over a hundred approved high-rise construction projects in which 50 were actually built. In 2007, however, the housing market crashed causing lots of foreclosures on houses. This rapid high-rise construction, has led to fast population growth in the city's inner neighborhoods, primarily in Downtown, Brickell and Edgewater, with these neighborhoods becoming the fastest-growing areas in the city. The Miami area ranks 8th in the nation in foreclosures. In 2011, Forbes magazine named Miami the second-most miserable city in the United States due to its high foreclosure rate and past decade of corruption among public officials. In 2012, Forbes magazine named Miami the most miserable city in the United States because of a crippling housing crisis that has cost multitudes of residents their homes and jobs. The metro area has one of the highest violent crime rates in the country and workers face lengthy daily commutes.

Q1: When did the Florida land boom occur?
A1: 1920s
Q2: What year saw the crash of the Miami housing market?
A2: 2007
Q3: Where does the area around Miami rank nationally in terms of foreclosures?
A3: 8th
Q4: Along with its political corruption, why did Forbes call Miami the country's second most miserable city in 2011?
A4: high foreclosure rate
Q5: In what year did Forbes call Miami the country's most miserable city?
A5: 2012
Miami International Airport and PortMiami are among the nation's busiest ports of entry, especially for cargo from South America and the Caribbean. The Port of Miami is the world's busiest cruise port, and MIA is the busiest airport in Florida, and the largest gateway between the United States and Latin America. Additionally, the city has the largest concentration of international banks in the country, primarily along Brickell Avenue in Brickell, Miami's financial district. Due to its strength in international business, finance and trade, many international banks have offices in Downtown such as Espírito Santo Financial Group, which has its U.S. headquarters in Miami. Miami was also the host city of the 2003 Free Trade Area of the Americas negotiations, and is one of the leading candidates to become the trading bloc's headquarters.

Q1: What is Florida's busiest airport?
A1: Miami International
Q2: What is the busiest cruise port in the world?
A2: Port of Miami
Q3: In what year did Miami play host to the negotiations concerning the Free Trade Area of the Americas?
A3: 2003
Q4: What street is central to the financial district of Miami?
A4: Brickell Avenue
Q5: Along with the Caribbean, from where does a significant amount of cargo enter MIA?
A5: South America
Tourism is also an important industry in Miami. Along with finance and business, the beaches, conventions, festivals and events draw over 38 million visitors annually into the city, from across the country and around the world, spending $17.1 billion. The Art Deco District in South Beach, is reputed as one of the most glamorous in the world for its nightclubs, beaches, historical buildings, and shopping. Annual events such as the Sony Ericsson Open, Art Basel, Winter Music Conference, South Beach Wine & Food Festival, and Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Miami attract millions to the metropolis every year.

Q1: How many tourists come to Miami each year?
A1: 38 million
Q2: How much money do tourists spend in Miami every year?
A2: $17.1 billion
Q3: What neighborhood is home to the Art Deco District?
A3: South Beach
Q4: Who sponsors Fashion Week Miami?
A4: Mercedes-Benz
Q5: Along with nightclubs, beaches and shopping, what notable attraction exists in the Art Deco District?
A5: historical buildings
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2004, Miami had the third highest incidence of family incomes below the federal poverty line in the United States, making it the third poorest city in the USA, behind only Detroit, Michigan (ranked #1) and El Paso, Texas (ranked #2). Miami is also one of the very few cities where its local government went bankrupt, in 2001. However, since that time, Miami has experienced a revival: in 2008, Miami was ranked as "America's Cleanest City" according to Forbes for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets and city-wide recycling programs. In a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States (of four U.S. cities included in the survey) and the world's fifth-richest city, in terms of purchasing power.

Q1: As of 2004, what city was the poorest in the United States?
A1: Detroit
Q2: What was the second poorest US city in 2004?
A2: El Paso
Q3: In 2004, what city ranked third poorest in America?
A3: Miami
Q4: In what year did Miami's government declare bankruptcy?
A4: 2001
Q5: In terms of purchasing power, where did Miami rank among world cities in a 2009 UBS study?
A5: fifth
In addition to such annual festivals like Calle Ocho Festival and Carnaval Miami, Miami is home to many entertainment venues, theaters, museums, parks and performing arts centers. The newest addition to the Miami arts scene is the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts, the second-largest performing arts center in the United States after the Lincoln Center in New York City, and is the home of the Florida Grand Opera. Within it are the Ziff Ballet Opera House, the center's largest venue, the Knight Concert Hall, the Carnival Studio Theater and the Peacock Rehearsal Studio. The center attracts many large-scale operas, ballets, concerts, and musicals from around the world and is Florida's grandest performing arts center. Other performing arts venues in Miami include the Gusman Center for the Performing Arts, Coconut Grove Playhouse, Colony Theatre, Lincoln Theatre, New World Center, Actor's Playhouse at the Miracle Theatre, Jackie Gleason Theatre, Manuel Artime Theater, Ring Theatre, Playground Theatre, Wertheim Performing Arts Center, the Fair Expo Center and the Bayfront Park Amphitheater for outdoor music events.

Q1: What is the largest performing arts center in the US?
A1: Lincoln Center
Q2: What organization calls the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts home?
A2: Florida Grand Opera
Q3: What is the largest venue in the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts?
A3: Ziff Ballet Opera House
Q4: Where is Lincoln Center located?
A4: New York City
Q5: What venue in Miami is notable for hosting outdoor music?
A5: Bayfront Park Amphitheater