romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Hoover began using wiretapping in the 1920s during Prohibition to arrest bootleggers. In the 1927 case Olmstead v. United States, in which a bootlegger was caught through telephone tapping, the United States Supreme Court ruled that FBI wiretaps did not violate the Fourth Amendment as unlawful search and seizure, as long as the FBI did not break into a person's home to complete the tapping. After Prohibition's repeal, Congress passed the Communications Act of 1934, which outlawed non-consensual phone tapping, but allowed bugging. In the 1939 case Nardone v. United States, the court ruled that due to the 1934 law, evidence the FBI obtained by phone tapping was inadmissible in court. After the 1967 case Katz v. United States overturned the 1927 case that had allowed bugging, Congress passed the Omnibus Crime Control Act, allowing public authorities to tap telephones during investigations as long as they obtain a warrant beforehand.

Q1: What tool did Hoover use to find bootleggers?
A1: wiretapping
Q2: In what supreme court case was it ruled that FBI wiretaps did not violate the Fourth Amendment?
A2: Olmstead v. United States
Q3: What Act did Congress pass to outlaw non-consensual phone tapping?
A3: Communications Act of 1934
Q4: In what case was it ruled that evidence obtained by the FBI via wiretapping was inadmissible in court?
A4: Nardone v. United States
Q5: What is now necessary to tap someone's telephone?
A5: a warrant
Q6: Which president was the first to use wiretaps to find bootleggers?
A6: Hoover
Q7: What case centered around a bootlegger caught through phone tapping?
A7: Olmstead v. United States
Q8: What did Congress pass to outlaw phone tapping?
A8: Communications Act of 1934
Q9: What is now required to wire tap a citizen?
A9: a warrant
Q10: Is a warrant required before or after a wiretap?
A10: beforehand
In March 1971, the residential office of an FBI agent in Media, Pennsylvania was burglarized by a group calling itself the Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI. Numerous files were taken and distributed to a range of newspapers, including The Harvard Crimson. The files detailed the FBI's extensive COINTELPRO program, which included investigations into lives of ordinary citizens—including a black student group at a Pennsylvania military college and the daughter of Congressman Henry Reuss of Wisconsin. The country was "jolted" by the revelations, which included assassinations of political activists, and the actions were denounced by members of Congress, including House Majority Leader Hale Boggs. The phones of some members of Congress, including Boggs, had allegedly been tapped.

Q1: Which group broke into an FBI office in Media, Pennsylvania?
A1: Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI
Q2: Did the Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI take files?
A2: Numerous files were taken
Q3: What files was the Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI's raid mainly focused on?
A3: COINTELPRO program
Q4: What did the files about COINTELPRO reveal?
A4: investigations into lives of ordinary citizens
Q5: How did the US react to these discoveries?
A5: The country was "jolted"
From the end of the 1980s to the early 1990s, the FBI reassigned more than 300 agents from foreign counter-intelligence duties to violent crime, and made violent crime the sixth national priority. With reduced cuts to other well-established departments, and because terrorism was no longer considered a threat after the end of the Cold War, the FBI assisted local and state police forces in tracking fugitives who had crossed state lines, which is a federal offense. The FBI Laboratory helped develop DNA testing, continuing its pioneering role in identification that began with its fingerprinting system in 1924.

Q1: Did the FBI reassign agents from counter-intelligence to violent crime?
A1: the FBI reassigned more than 300 agents from foreign counter-intelligence duties to violent crime
Q2: What priority were violent crimes in the 1990s, according to the FBI?
A2: sixth national priority
Q3: Did the new priorities of the FBI mean cutting other departments?
A3: With reduced cuts to other well-established departments
Q4: Was terrorism considered a threat after the cold war?
A4: terrorism was no longer considered a threat
Q5: What agency pioneered DNA testing?
A5: The FBI
The 9/11 Commission's final report on July 22, 2004 stated that the FBI and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) were both partially to blame for not pursuing intelligence reports that could have prevented the September 11, 2001 attacks. In its most damning assessment, the report concluded that the country had "not been well served" by either agency and listed numerous recommendations for changes within the FBI. While the FBI has acceded to most of the recommendations, including oversight by the new Director of National Intelligence, some former members of the 9/11 Commission publicly criticized the FBI in October 2005, claiming it was resisting any meaningful changes.

Q1: What agencies were to blame for 9/11?
A1: FBI and Central Intelligence Agency
Q2: Did 9/11 lead to more FBI oversight?
A2: acceded to most of the recommendations, including oversight
Q3: Did many believe the FBI was resisting important changes?
A3: resisting any meaningful changes
Q4: Did the people believe they were served well by the FBI?
A4: not been well served
The Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division, is located in Clarksburg, West Virginia. Organized beginning in 1991, the office opened in 1995 as the youngest agency division. The complex is the length of three football fields. It provides a main repository for information in various data systems. Under the roof of the CJIS are the programs for the National Crime Information Center (NCIC), Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR), Fingerprint Identification, Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), NCIC 2000, and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). Many state and local agencies use these data systems as a source for their own investigations and contribute to the database using secure communications. FBI provides these tools of sophisticated identification and information services to local, state, federal, and international law enforcement agencies.

Q1: Where is the CJIS located?
A1: Clarksburg, West Virginia
Q2: When was the CJIS created?
A2: 1991
Q3: What purpose does the CJIS serve?
A3: main repository for information
Q4: Where is the data for the NCIC located?
A4: Under the roof of the CJIS
Q5: Do states have access to CJIS?
A5: Many state and local agencies use these data
The FBI director is responsible for the day-to-day operations at the FBI. Along with his deputies, the director makes sure cases and operations are handled correctly. The director also is in charge of making sure the leadership in any one of the FBI field offices is manned with qualified agents. Before the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act was passed in the wake of the September 11 attacks, the FBI director would directly brief the President of the United States on any issues that arise from within the FBI. Since then, the director now reports to the Director of National Intelligence (DNI), who in turn reports to the President.

Q1: Who is responsible for day-to-day FBI operations?
A1: The FBI director
Q2: Who assists the FBI director?
A2: his deputies
Q3: What acts were passed relating to the FBI after 9/11?
A3: Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act
Q4: Who used to brief the President?
A4: FBI director
Q5: Who now reports to the President?
A5: Director of National Intelligence
The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) compile data from over 17,000 law enforcement agencies across the country. They provide detailed data regarding the volume of crimes to include arrest, clearance (or closing a case), and law enforcement officer information. The UCR focuses its data collection on violent crimes, hate crimes, and property crimes. Created in the 1920s, the UCR system has not proven to be as uniform as its name implies. The UCR data only reflect the most serious offense in the case of connected crimes and has a very restrictive definition of rape. Since about 93% of the data submitted to the FBI is in this format, the UCR stands out as the publication of choice as most states require law enforcement agencies to submit this data.

Q1: What compiles data from around 17,000 law enforcement agencies?
A1: The Uniform Crime Reports
Q2: What does UCR focus on?
A2: violent crimes, hate crimes, and property crimes
Q3: Where was the UCR created?
A3: 1920s
FBI records show that 85% of COINTELPRO resources targeted groups and individuals that the FBI deemed "subversive", including communist and socialist organizations; organizations and individuals associated with the Civil Rights Movement, including Martin Luther King, Jr. and others associated with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the Congress of Racial Equality and other civil rights organizations; black nationalist groups; the American Indian Movement; a broad range of organizations labeled "New Left", including Students for a Democratic Society and the Weathermen; almost all groups protesting the Vietnam War, as well as individual student demonstrators with no group affiliation; the National Lawyers Guild; organizations and individuals associated with the women's rights movement; nationalist groups such as those seeking independence for Puerto Rico, United Ireland, and Cuban exile movements including Orlando Bosch's Cuban Power and the Cuban Nationalist Movement. The remaining 15% of COINTELPRO resources were expended to marginalize and subvert white hate groups, including the Ku Klux Klan and the National States' Rights Party.

Q1: What percentage of COINTELPRO resources were targeted at FBI labeled subversive groups?
A1: 85%
Q2: Did the FBI target MLK?
A2: including Martin Luther King, Jr.
Q3: What percentage of COINTELPRO resources were used to target white hate groups?
A3: 15%
Q4: What were the key white hate groups targeted?
A4: Ku Klux Klan and the National States' Rights Party
Q5: What was the term for the liberal groups appearing at this time?
A5: New Left
Although many of FBI's functions are unique, its activities in support of national security are comparable to those of the British MI5 and the Russian FSB. Unlike the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), which has no law enforcement authority and is focused on intelligence collection overseas, FBI is primarily a domestic agency, maintaining 56 field offices in major cities throughout the United States, and more than 400 resident agencies in lesser cities and areas across the nation. At an FBI field office, a senior-level FBI officer concurrently serves as the representative of the Director of National Intelligence.

Q1: What is the FBI comparable to?
A1: British MI5 and the Russian FSB
Q2: What kind of agency is the FBI?
A2: FBI is primarily a domestic agency
Q3: How many field offices does the FBI have in major cities?
A3: 56
Q4: Around how many offices does the FBI have in minor cities?
A4: 400
Q5: Who serves as the representative of the Director of National Intelligence?
A5: senior-level FBI officer
The bureau's first official task was visiting and making surveys of the houses of prostitution in preparation for enforcing the "White Slave Traffic Act," or Mann Act, passed on June 25, 1910. In 1932, it was renamed the United States Bureau of Investigation. The following year it was linked to the Bureau of Prohibition and rechristened the Division of Investigation (DOI) before finally becoming an independent service within the Department of Justice in 1935. In the same year, its name was officially changed from the Division of Investigation to the present-day Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI.

Q1: What was the bureau's first task?
A1: visiting and making surveys of the houses of prostitution
Q2: What act was the bureau initially tasked with enforcing?
A2: White Slave Traffic Act
Q3: What was the other formal name of the Mann Act?
A3: White Slave Traffic Act
Q4: When was the Mann Act passed?
A4: June 25, 1910
Q5: When was the bureau renamed?
A5: In 1932,
During the 1950s and 1960s, FBI officials became increasingly concerned about the influence of civil rights leaders, whom they believed had communist ties or were unduly influenced by them. In 1956, for example, Hoover sent an open letter denouncing Dr. T.R.M. Howard, a civil rights leader, surgeon, and wealthy entrepreneur in Mississippi who had criticized FBI inaction in solving recent murders of George W. Lee, Emmett Till, and other blacks in the South. The FBI carried out controversial domestic surveillance in an operation it called the COINTELPRO, which was short for "COunter-INTELligence PROgram." It was to investigate and disrupt the activities of dissident political organizations within the United States, including both militant and non-violent organizations. Among its targets was the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, a leading civil rights organization with clergy leadership.

Q1: When did the FBI become concerned about Civil Rights?
A1: 1950s and 1960s
Q2: What ties did the FBI believe civil rights leaders had?
A2: communist ties
Q3: Who did Hoover send an open letter denouncing?
A3: Dr. T.R.M. Howard
Q4: What agency had Dr. T.R.M. Howard criticized?
A4: FBI
Q5: What was the controversial domestic surveillance operation in this era?
A5: COINTELPRO
Beginning in the 1940s and continuing into the 1970s, the bureau investigated cases of espionage against the United States and its allies. Eight Nazi agents who had planned sabotage operations against American targets were arrested, and six were executed (Ex parte Quirin) under their sentences. Also during this time, a joint US/UK code-breaking effort (the Venona project)—with which the FBI was heavily involved—broke Soviet diplomatic and intelligence communications codes, allowing the US and British governments to read Soviet communications. This effort confirmed the existence of Americans working in the United States for Soviet intelligence. Hoover was administering this project but failed to notify the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) until 1952. Another notable case is the arrest of Soviet spy Rudolf Abel in 1957. The discovery of Soviet spies operating in the US allowed Hoover to pursue his longstanding obsession with the threat he perceived from the American Left, ranging from Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) union organizers to American liberals.

Q1: When did the FBI begin investigating espionage?
A1: 1940s
Q2: How many Nazis were arrested?
A2: Eight
Q3: What project broke Soviet codes?
A3: the Venona project
Q4: What agency did Hoover not tell about the code break and the discoveries gained from it?
A4: CIA
In 2003 a congressional committee called the FBI's organized crime informant program "one of the greatest failures in the history of federal law enforcement." The FBI allowed four innocent men to be convicted of the March 1965 gangland murder of Edward "Teddy" Deegan in order to protect Vincent Flemmi, an FBI informant. Three of the men were sentenced to death (which was later reduced to life in prison), and the fourth defendant was sentenced to life in prison. Two of the four men died in prison after serving almost 30 years, and two others were released after serving 32 and 36 years. In July 2007, U.S. District Judge Nancy Gertner in Boston found the bureau helped convict the four men using false witness account by mobster Joseph Barboza. The U.S. Government was ordered to pay $100 million in damages to the four defendants.

Q1: When did a committee oppose the FBI's organized crime informant program?
A1: In 2003
Q2: How many innocent men did the FBI allow to be convicted?
A2: four
Q3: What was the death sentence reduced to?
A3: life in prison
Q4: How many of the men died in prison?
A4: Two
Q5: How much was the US government ordered to pay in damages?
A5: $100 million
Between 1993 and 1996, the FBI increased its counter-terrorism role in the wake of the first 1993 World Trade Center bombing in New York City, New York; the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and the arrest of the Unabomber in 1996. Technological innovation and the skills of FBI Laboratory analysts helped ensure that the three cases were successfully prosecuted. Justice Department investigations into the FBI's roles in the Ruby Ridge and Waco incidents were found to be obstructed by agents within the Bureau. During the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, the FBI was criticized for its investigation of the Centennial Olympic Park bombing. It has settled a dispute with Richard Jewell, who was a private security guard at the venue, along with some media organizations, in regard to the leaking of his name during the investigation.

Q1: When did the FBI increase it's counter-terrorism role?
A1: Between 1993 and 1996
Q2: What prompted the FBI increase in counter-terrorism?
A2: World Trade Center bombing
Q3: Where was the World Trade Center?
A3: New York City, New York
Q4: When was Oklahoma city bombed?
A4: 1995
Q5: What did agents within the FBI do to investigations of the agency?
A5: obstructed
During the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center, FBI agent Leonard W. Hatton Jr. was killed during the rescue effort while helping the rescue personnel evacuate the occupants of the South Tower and stayed when it collapsed. Within months after the attacks, FBI Director Robert Mueller, who had been sworn in a week before the attacks, called for a re-engineering of FBI structure and operations. He made countering every federal crime a top priority, including the prevention of terrorism, countering foreign intelligence operations, addressing cyber security threats, other high-tech crimes, protecting civil rights, combating public corruption, organized crime, white-collar crime, and major acts of violent crime.

Q1: What FBI agent was killed during attacks on the World Trade Center?
A1: Leonard W. Hatton Jr
Q2: What tower was Leonard W. Hatton Jr attempting to evacuate?
A2: South Tower
Q3: What did the FBI's new director want?
A3: re-engineering
Q4: What was the new head of the FBI's top priority?
A4: countering every federal crime
Q5: What part of the FBI did Mueller want to re-engineer?
A5: structure and operations
On July 8, 2007 The Washington Post published excerpts from UCLA Professor Amy Zegart's book Spying Blind: The CIA, the FBI, and the Origins of 9/11. The Post reported from Zegart's book that government documents show the CIA and FBI missed 23 potential chances to disrupt the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The primary reasons for the failures included: agency cultures resistant to change and new ideas; inappropriate incentives for promotion; and a lack of cooperation between the FBI, CIA and the rest of the United States Intelligence Community. The book blamed the FBI's decentralized structure, which prevented effective communication and cooperation among different FBI offices. The book suggested that the FBI has not evolved into an effective counter-terrorism or counter-intelligence agency, due in large part to deeply ingrained agency cultural resistance to change. For example, FBI personnel practices continue to treat all staff other than special agents as support staff, classifying intelligence analysts alongside the FBI's auto mechanics and janitors.

Q1: When did the Washington Post publish excerpts from the book Spying Blind?
A1: July 8, 2007
Q2: How many chances to disrupt the 9/11 attacks did the FBI dismiss?
A2: 23
Q3: What two agencies had a lack of co-operation?
A3: FBI, CIA
Q4: What was to blame for the FBI's failure?
A4: FBI's decentralized structure
Q5: What did the FBI's decentralized structure prevent?
A5: effective communication
The USA PATRIOT Act increased the powers allotted to the FBI, especially in wiretapping and monitoring of Internet activity. One of the most controversial provisions of the act is the so-called sneak and peek provision, granting the FBI powers to search a house while the residents are away, and not requiring them to notify the residents for several weeks afterwards. Under the PATRIOT Act's provisions, the FBI also resumed inquiring into the library records of those who are suspected of terrorism (something it had supposedly not done since the 1970s).

Q1: What increased the powers of the FBI?
A1: USA PATRIOT Act
Q2: What was one of the most controversial parts of the Patriot Act?
A2: sneak and peek provision
Q3: What new residential powers did the FBI now have?
A3: search a house while the residents are away
Q4: Could the FBI inquire into library records?
A4: FBI also resumed inquiring into the library records
Q5: Who's library records did the FBI look into?
A5: those who are suspected of terrorism
The FBI Laboratory, established with the formation of the BOI, did not appear in the J. Edgar Hoover Building until its completion in 1974. The lab serves as the primary lab for most DNA, biological, and physical work. Public tours of FBI headquarters ran through the FBI laboratory workspace before the move to the J. Edgar Hoover Building. The services the lab conducts include Chemistry, Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), Computer Analysis and Response, DNA Analysis, Evidence Response, Explosives, Firearms and Tool marks, Forensic Audio, Forensic Video, Image Analysis, Forensic Science Research, Forensic Science Training, Hazardous Materials Response, Investigative and Prospective Graphics, Latent Prints, Materials Analysis, Questioned Documents, Racketeering Records, Special Photographic Analysis, Structural Design, and Trace Evidence. The services of the FBI Laboratory are used by many state, local, and international agencies free of charge. The lab also maintains a second lab at the FBI Academy.

Q1: When did the FBI lab first appear?
A1: 1974
Q2: Where was the FBI lab?
A2: J. Edgar Hoover Building
Q3: Who uses the FBI lab services?
A3: state, local, and international agencies
Q4: How much does the FBI charges for lab services?
A4: free
Q5: Where is the second FBI lab?
A5: FBI Academy
In 2000, the FBI began the Trilogy project to upgrade its outdated information technology (IT) infrastructure. This project, originally scheduled to take three years and cost around $380 million, ended up going far over budget and behind schedule. Efforts to deploy modern computers and networking equipment were generally successful, but attempts to develop new investigation software, outsourced to Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), were not. Virtual Case File, or VCF, as the software was known, was plagued by poorly defined goals, and repeated changes in management. In January 2005, more than two years after the software was originally planned for completion, the FBI officially abandoned the project. At least $100 million (and much more by some estimates) was spent on the project, which never became operational. The FBI has been forced to continue using its decade-old Automated Case Support system, which IT experts consider woefully inadequate. In March 2005, the FBI announced it was beginning a new, more ambitious software project, code-named Sentinel, which they expected to complete by 2009.

Q1: When did the FBI begin the Trilogy project?
A1: 2000
Q2: What project centered on upgrading FBI Information Technology Infrastructure?
A2: Trilogy project
Q3: Did the Trilogy project go over budget?
A3: far over budget
Q4: When did the FBI abandon the VCF project?
A4: January 2005