romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
In a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, "I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics." He declared the office extinct, and all of its powers (such as control of the nuclear arsenal) were ceded to Yeltsin. A week earlier, Gorbachev had met with Yeltsin and accepted the fait accompli of the Soviet Union's dissolution. On the same day, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR adopted a statute to change Russia's legal name from "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" to "Russian Federation," showing that it was now a sovereign state.

Q1: When did Gorbachev resign?
A1: December 25, 1991
Q2: Who was given control after Gorbachev left?
A2: Yeltsin
Q3: What was Russia's new legal name?
A3: Russian Federation
Q4: What was the Russian Federations previous legal name?
A4: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
On the night of December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time, after Gorbachev left the Kremlin, the Soviet flag was lowered for the last time, and the Russian tricolor was raised in its place, symbolically marking the end of the Soviet Union. The next day, December 26, 1991, the Council of Republics, the upper chamber of the Union's Supreme Soviet, issued a formal Declaration recognizing that the Soviet Union had ceased to exist as a state and subject of international law, and voted both itself and the Soviet Union out of existence (the other chamber of the Supreme Soviet, the Council of the Union, had been unable to work since December 12, 1991, when the recall of the Russian deputies left it without a quorum). The following day Yeltsin moved into Gorbachev's former office, though the Russian authorities had taken over the suite two days earlier. By December 31, 1991, the few remaining Soviet institutions that had not been taken over by Russia ceased operation, and individual republics assumed the central government's role.

Q1: What went down after Gorbachev departed from the Kremlin?
A1: Soviet flag
Q2: What replaced the Soviet flag?
A2: Russian tricolor
Q3: When did Gorbachev make his final Kremlin exit?
A3: December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time
Q4: What was declared as having ceased to exist?
A4: the Soviet Union
Q5: What body also stopped existing following a vote by itself to end itself?
A5: upper chamber of the Union's Supreme Soviet,
The Alma-Ata Protocol also addressed other issues, including UN membership. Notably, Russia was authorized to assume the Soviet Union's UN membership, including its permanent seat on the Security Council. The Soviet Ambassador to the UN delivered a letter signed by Russian President Yeltsin to the UN Secretary-General dated December 24, 1991, informing him that by virtue of the Alma-Ata Protocol, Russia was the successor state to the USSR. After being circulated among the other UN member states, with no objection raised, the statement was declared accepted on the last day of the year, December 31, 1991.

Q1: Which country took over the Soviet Union's UN membership?
A1: Russia
Q2: What made Russia the successor state to the USSR?
A2: Alma-Ata Protocol
Q3: Who wrote the letter to the UN secretary general informing them that Russia would be replacing the USSR?
A3: Yeltsin
Q4: What was the date on the Yeltsin letter?
A4: December 24, 1991
Q5: When did the UN accept the statement?
A5: December 31, 1991
On November 18, 1990, the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church enthroned Mstyslav as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine during ceremonies at Saint Sophia's Cathedral. Also on November 18, Canada announced that its consul-general to Kiev would be Ukrainian-Canadian Nestor Gayowsky. On November 19, the United States announced that its consul to Kiev would be Ukrainian-American John Stepanchuk. On November 19, the chairmen of the Ukrainian and Russian parliaments, respectively, Kravchuk and Yeltsin, signed a 10-year bilateral pact. In early December 1990 the Party of Democratic Rebirth of Ukraine was founded; on December 15, the Democratic Party of Ukraine was founded.

Q1: Who was set up as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine on the 18th of November?
A1: Mstyslav
Q2: Who gave Mstyslav this title?
A2: Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church
Q3: Who was the Canadian consul-general to Kiev?
A3: Nestor Gayowsky
Q4: What country made John Stepanchuk its consul-general to Kiev?
A4: United States
Q5: How long lasting was the pact between Kravchuk and Yeltsin?
A5: 10-year
According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being crucified. He was then hung for six hours (according to Mark's Gospel) between two convicted thieves. During this time, the soldiers affixed a sign to the top of the cross stating "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" in three languages. They then divided his garments among them, but cast lots for his seamless robe. After Jesus' death they pierced his side with a spear to be certain that he had died. The Bible records seven statements that Jesus made while he was on the cross, as well as several supernatural events that occurred.

Q1: Who was the person that tried Jesus?
A1: Pontius Pilate
Q2: How long was Jesus hung for?
A2: six hours
Q3: What did the sign say on top of Jesus' cross?
A3: Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews
Q4: What was done to make sure Jesus was dead?
A4: they pierced his side with a spear
Q5: How many statements did Jesus make on the cross?
A5: seven statements
The baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these "two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent" and "rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts" that they are often the starting points for the study of the historical Jesus. Bart Ehrman states that the crucifixion of Jesus on the orders of Pontius Pilate is the most certain element about him. John Dominic Crossan states that the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be. Eddy and Boyd state that it is now "firmly established" that there is non-Christian confirmation of the crucifixion of Jesus. Craig Blomberg states that most scholars in the third quest for the historical Jesus consider the crucifixion indisputable. Christopher M. Tuckett states that, although the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine, one of the indisputable facts about him is that he was crucified.

Q1: What is one of the historical certain facts about Jesus?
A1: baptism of Jesus
Q2: Do non-Christians agree that the Crucifixion happened?
A2: the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be
Q3: Is the exact reason known that Jesus got Crucified for?
A3: the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine
Q4: Who said the Crucifixion of Jesus is firmly established.
A4: Eddy
Q5: Who said the Baptism of Jesus was Univeral Assent?
A5: James Dunn
Although almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary, the 1968 archeological discovery just northeast of Jerusalem of the body of a crucified man dated to the 1st century provided good confirmatory evidence that crucifixions occurred during the Roman period roughly according to the manner in which the crucifixion of Jesus is described in the gospels. The crucified man was identified as Yehohanan ben Hagkol and probably died about 70 AD, around the time of the Jewish revolt against Rome. The analyses at the Hadassah Medical School estimated that he died in his late 20s. Another relevant archaeological find, which also dates to the 1st century AD, is an unidentified heel bone with a spike discovered in a Jerusalem gravesite, now held by the Israel Antiquities Authority and displayed in the Israel Museum.

Q1: Are all sources of the crucification literary?
A1: almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary
Q2: What evidence was found that Crucifixion did happen?
A2: the 1968 archeological discovery
Q3: Who was the crucified man discovered in an archaeological find?
A3: ben Hagkol
Q4: When was Ben Hagkol crucified?
A4: about 70 AD
Q5: What institution holds a heel bone with a spike inserted?
A5: Israel Museum
The earliest detailed accounts of the death of Jesus are contained in the four canonical gospels. There are other, more implicit references in the New Testament epistles. In the synoptic gospels, Jesus predicts his death in three separate episodes. All four Gospels conclude with an extended narrative of Jesus' arrest, trial, crucifixion, burial, and accounts of resurrection. In each Gospel these five events in the life of Jesus are treated with more intense detail than any other portion of that Gospel's narrative. Scholars note that the reader receives an almost hour-by-hour account of what is happening.:p.91

Q1: What holds the records of the death of Jesus?
A1: four canonical gospels
Q2: What part of the Bible references the death of Jesus?
A2: New Testament epistles
Q3: How many times did Jesus predict his own death?
A3: three
Q4: What part of Jesus' life is detailed in these gospels?
A4: Jesus' arrest, trial, crucifixion, burial, and accounts of resurrection
Q5: How detailed is the description of Jesus' death?
A5: hour-by-hour account
Combining statements in the canonical Gospels produces the following account: Jesus was arrested in Gethsemane following the Last Supper with the Twelve Apostles, and then stood trial before the Sanhedrin (a Jewish judicial body), Pontius Pilate (a Roman authority in Judaea), and Herod Antipas (king of Judea, appointed by Rome), before being handed over for crucifixion by the chief priests of the Jews. After being flogged, Jesus was mocked by Roman soldiers as the "King of the Jews", clothed in a purple robe, crowned with thorns, beaten and spat on. Jesus then had to make his way to the place of his crucifixion.

Q1: Where was Jesus arrested?
A1: Gethsemane
Q2: What did Jesus do before he was arrested?
A2: the Last Supper
Q3: How many Apostles were there at the Last Supper?
A3: Twelve Apostles
Q4: How was Jesus tortured before he was crucified?
A4: flogged
Q5: What was placed on Jesus' head?
A5: crowned with thorns
Once at Golgotha, Jesus was offered wine mixed with gall to drink. Matthew's and Mark's Gospels record that he refused this. He was then crucified and hung between two convicted thieves. According to some translations from the original Greek, the thieves may have been bandits or Jewish rebels. According to Mark's Gospel, he endured the torment of crucifixion for some six hours from the third hour, at approximately 9 am, until his death at the ninth hour, corresponding to about 3 pm. The soldiers affixed a sign above his head stating "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" in three languages, divided his garments and cast lots for his seamless robe. The Roman soldiers did not break Jesus' legs, as they did to the other two men crucified (breaking the legs hastened the crucifixion process), as Jesus was dead already. Each gospel has its own account of Jesus' last words, seven statements altogether. In the Synoptic Gospels, various supernatural events accompany the crucifixion, including darkness, an earthquake, and (in Matthew) the resurrection of saints. Following Jesus' death, his body was removed from the cross by Joseph of Arimathea and buried in a rock-hewn tomb, with Nicodemus assisting.

Q1: What was Jesus offered to drink after his arrest?
A1: wine mixed with gall
Q2: Where was Jesus Crucified?
A2: hung between two convicted thieves
Q3: How many hours did Jesus endure Crucifixion?
A3: six hours
Q4: How many accounts are there of Jesus' last words?
A4: seven statements altogether
Q5: Who removed Jesus from the cross?
A5: Joseph of Arimathea
There are several details that are only found in one of the gospel accounts. For instance, only Matthew's gospel mentions an earthquake, resurrected saints who went to the city and that Roman soldiers were assigned to guard the tomb, while Mark is the only one to state the actual time of the crucifixion (the third hour, or 9 am) and the centurion's report of Jesus' death. The Gospel of Luke's unique contributions to the narrative include Jesus' words to the women who were mourning, one criminal's rebuke of the other, the reaction of the multitudes who left "beating their breasts", and the women preparing spices and ointments before resting on the Sabbath. John is also the only one to refer to the request that the legs be broken and the soldier's subsequent piercing of Jesus' side (as fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy), as well as that Nicodemus assisted Joseph with burial.

Q1: What detail of Jesus's Crucifiction was only found in Matthew's Gospel?
A1: an earthquake
Q2: Which gospel mentioned the time of Crucifiction?
A2: Mark
Q3: Who did Jesus talk to in the Gospel of Luke?
A3: words to the women who were mourning
Q4: What gospel talks about breaking Jesus' legs?
A4: John
Q5: What prophecy was fulfilled by the piercing of Jesus' side?
A5: Old Testament prophecy
According to the First Epistle to the Corinthians (1 Cor. 15:4), Jesus was raised from the dead ("on the third day" counting the day of crucifixion as the first) and according to the canonical Gospels, appeared to his disciples on different occasions before ascending to heaven. The account given in Acts of the Apostles, which says Jesus remained with the apostles for forty days, appears to differ from the account in the Gospel of Luke, which makes no clear distinction between the events of Easter Sunday and the Ascension. However, most biblical scholars agree that St. Luke also wrote the Acts of the Apostles as a follow-up volume to his Gospel account, and the two works must be considered as a whole.

Q1: Which Epistle details the raising of Jesus?
A1: First Epistle to the Corinthians
Q2: Which writing detailed Jesus' appearance before ascension?
A2: canonical Gospels
Q3: How long did Jesus stay with the Apostles per the Acts of the Apostles?
A3: forty days
Q4: What day is accounted in the Gospel of Luke as the ascension?
A4: Easter Sunday
Q5: Who wrote both accounts of the Crucifixion and ascension?
A5: St. Luke
In Mark, Jesus is crucified along with two rebels, and the day goes dark for three hours. Jesus calls out to God, then gives a shout and dies. The curtain of the Temple is torn in two. Matthew follows Mark, adding an earthquake and the resurrection of saints. Luke also follows Mark, though he describes the rebels as common criminals, one of whom defends Jesus, who in turn promises that he (Jesus) and the criminal will be together in paradise. Luke portrays Jesus as impassive in the face of his crucifixion. John includes several of the same elements as those found in Mark, though they are treated differently.

Q1: Who was crucified with Jesus per Mark?
A1: two rebels
Q2: How does Mark say Jesus' life ends?
A2: Jesus calls out to God, then gives a shout and dies
Q3: what natural disaster is mention when Jesus died?
A3: an earthquake
Q4: What does Luke say one of the rebels does?
A4: promises that he (Jesus) and the criminal will be together in paradise
Q5: How does Luke make Jesus seem at his Crucifixion?
A5: impassive
An early non-Christian reference to the crucifixion of Jesus is likely to be Mara Bar-Serapion's letter to his son, written sometime after AD 73 but before the 3rd century AD. The letter includes no Christian themes and the author is presumed to be a pagan. The letter refers to the retributions that followed the unjust treatment of three wise men: Socrates, Pythagoras, and "the wise king" of the Jews. Some scholars see little doubt that the reference to the execution of the "king of the Jews" is about the crucifixion of Jesus, while others place less value in the letter, given the possible ambiguity in the reference.

Q1: Where can an early non-Christian reference be found to the Crucifixion?
A1: Mara Bar-Serapion's letter to his son
Q2: What is the author of the letter assumed to be?
A2: pagan
Q3: What does the letter reference?
A3: retributions that followed the unjust treatment of three wise men
Q4: Other than Jesus, who was one of the wisemen?
A4: Socrates
Q5: Does everyone agree with the content of the letter?
A5: others place less value in the letter
The consensus of modern scholarship is that the New Testament accounts represent a crucifixion occurring on a Friday, but a Thursday or Wednesday crucifixion have also been proposed. Some scholars explain a Thursday crucifixion based on a "double sabbath" caused by an extra Passover sabbath falling on Thursday dusk to Friday afternoon, ahead of the normal weekly Sabbath. Some have argued that Jesus was crucified on Wednesday, not Friday, on the grounds of the mention of "three days and three nights" in Matthew before his resurrection, celebrated on Sunday. Others have countered by saying that this ignores the Jewish idiom by which a "day and night" may refer to any part of a 24-hour period, that the expression in Matthew is idiomatic, not a statement that Jesus was 72 hours in the tomb, and that the many references to a resurrection on the third day do not require three literal nights.

Q1: What day is presumed the Crucifixion happened?
A1: Friday
Q2: Why do some scholars propose a Thursday is possible?
A2: a "double sabbath" caused by an extra Passover sabbath
Q3: Why do some other scholars argue that it happened on a Wednesday?
A3: on the grounds of the mention of "three days and three nights" in Matthew
Q4: How long was Jesus said to be in the tomb?
A4: three days and three nights
Q5: Was Jesus in the tomb exactly 72 hours?
A5: references to a resurrection on the third day do not require three literal nights
In Mark 15:25 crucifixion takes place at the third hour (9 a.m.) and Jesus' death at the ninth hour (3 p.m.). However, in John 19:14 Jesus is still before Pilate at the sixth hour. Scholars have presented a number of arguments to deal with the issue, some suggesting a reconciliation, e.g., based on the use of Roman timekeeping in John but not in Mark, yet others have rejected the arguments. Several notable scholars have argued that the modern precision of marking the time of day should not be read back into the gospel accounts, written at a time when no standardization of timepieces, or exact recording of hours and minutes was available, and time was often approximated to the closest three-hour period.

Q1: What time was the crucifiction per Mark?
A1: 9 a.m.
Q2: What time did Jesus die per Mark?
A2: 3 p.m.
Q3: Why do scholars say the times are different depending on the gospel it's written in?
A3: based on the use of Roman timekeeping in John but not in Mark
Q4: What is another reason the times differ so much?
A4: no standardization of timepieces, or exact recording of hours and minutes was available
Q5: How close was time guessed in the day of the Gospels?
A5: approximated to the closest three-hour period
Luke's gospel also describes an interaction between Jesus and the women among the crowd of mourners following him, quoting Jesus as saying "Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children. For behold, the days are coming when they will say, 'Blessed are the barren and the wombs that never bore and the breasts that never nursed!' Then they will begin to say to the mountains, 'Fall on us,' and to the hills, 'Cover us.' For if they do these things when the wood is green, what will happen when it is dry?"[Lk. 23:28-31]

Q1: Who described an interaction between Jesus on the cross and women?
A1: Luke's gospel
Q2: What did Jesus say to women in the crowd?
A2: do not weep for me
Q3: Where are the words found in the Gospel?
A3: Lk. 23:28-31
Q4: What followed Jesus around?
A4: crowd of mourners
Calvary as an English name for the place is derived from the Latin word for skull (calvaria), which is used in the Vulgate translation of "place of a skull", the explanation given in all four Gospels of the Aramaic word Gûlgaltâ which was the name of the place where Jesus was crucified. The text does not indicate why it was so designated, but several theories have been put forward. One is that as a place of public execution, Calvary may have been strewn with the skulls of abandoned victims (which would be contrary to Jewish burial traditions, but not Roman). Another is that Calvary is named after a nearby cemetery (which is consistent with both of the proposed modern sites). A third is that the name was derived from the physical contour, which would be more consistent with the singular use of the word, i.e., the place of "a skull". While often referred to as "Mount Calvary", it was more likely a small hill or rocky knoll.

Q1: Where was Jesus Crucified?
A1: Calvary
Q2: Where was the location of the Crucifixion detailed?
A2: all four Gospels
Q3: What was one reason Calvary was chosen?
A3: a place of public execution
Q4: What is rumored to be found in Calvary?
A4: skulls of abandoned victims
Q5: What is a reason the place was called Calvary?
A5: the name was derived from the physical contour
The Gospel of Matthew describes many women at the crucifixion, some of whom are named in the Gospels. Apart from these women, the three Synoptic Gospels speak of the presence of others: "the chief priests, with the scribes and elders"; two robbers crucified, one on Jesus' right and one on his left, whom the Gospel of Luke presents as the penitent thief and the impenitent thief; "the soldiers", "the centurion and those who were with him, keeping watch over Jesus"; passers-by; "bystanders", "the crowds that had assembled for this spectacle"; and "his acquaintances"

Q1: Matthew described that who was present at the Crucifixion?
A1: many women
Q2: The three gospels speak of the presence of which priests?
A2: the chief priests
Q3: How many people were crucified with Jesus?
A3: two robbers crucified, one on Jesus' right and one on his left
Q4: Who kept watch over Jesus?
A4: the soldiers
Q5: Name one other group present at the Crucifixion?
A5: acquaintances
Whereas most Christians believe the gibbet on which Jesus was executed was the traditional two-beamed cross, the Jehovah's Witnesses hold the view that a single upright stake was used. The Greek and Latin words used in the earliest Christian writings are ambiguous. The Koine Greek terms used in the New Testament are stauros (σταυρός) and xylon (ξύλον). The latter means wood (a live tree, timber or an object constructed of wood); in earlier forms of Greek, the former term meant an upright stake or pole, but in Koine Greek it was used also to mean a cross. The Latin word crux was also applied to objects other than a cross.

Q1: What kind of cross is generally believed that Jesus was crucified on?
A1: traditional two-beamed cross
Q2: What cross do Jehovah Witnesses claim Jesus was crucified on?
A2: single upright stake
Q3: What causes the different accounts of the cross used?
A3: The Greek and Latin words used in the earliest Christian writings are ambiguous
Q4: What latin word was used to describe the cross used?
A4: crux
Q5: Why was there doubt about the Latin word?
A5: crux was also applied to objects other than a cross