romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
In its 2014 Press Freedom Index, Reporters Without Borders ranked the media environment in Eritrea at the very bottom of a list of 178 countries, just below totalitarian North Korea. According to the BBC, "Eritrea is the only African country to have no privately owned news media", and Reporters Without Borders said of the public media, "[they] do nothing but relay the regime's belligerent and ultra-nationalist discourse. ... Not a single [foreign correspondent] now lives in Asmara." The state-owned news agency censors news about external events. Independent media have been banned since 2001. In 2015, The Guardian published an opinion piece claiming,

Q1: In the 2014 Press Freedom Index, what organization ranked the media environment in Eritrea as the worse of 178 countries?
A1: Reporters Without Borders
Q2: How did Reporters Without Borders rank the media environment of Eritrea compared to totalitarian North Korea?
A2: just below
Q3: What type of media has been banned from Eritrea since 2001?
A3: Independent
Q4: According to the BBC, which African country is the only one that has no privately owned news media?
A4: Eritrea
Q5: According to Reporters Without Borders, where doesn't a single foreign news correspondent live?
A5: Asmara
Even during the war, Eritrea developed its transportation infrastructure by asphalting new roads, improving its ports, and repairing war-damaged roads and bridges as a part of the Warsay Yika'alo Program. The most significant of these projects was the construction of a coastal highway of more than 500 km connecting Massawa with Asseb, as well as the rehabilitation of the Eritrean Railway. The rail line has been restored between the port of Massawa and the capital Asmara, although services are sporadic. Steam locomotives are sometimes used for groups of enthusiasts.

Q1: Under which program did Eritrea develp and repair its transportation infrastructure during the war?
A1: Warsay Yika'alo
Q2: How long was the coastal highway between Massawa and Asseb?
A2: more than 500 km
Q3: What type of locomotives are sometimes used on the Eritrean Railway to cater to groups of enthusiasts?
A3: Steam
Q4: What is the capital of Eritrea?
A4: Asmara
Q5: Which railway was rehabilitated under the Warsay Yika'alo Program?
A5: Eritrean
Eritrea is a multilingual country. The nation has no official language, as the Constitution establishes the "equality of all Eritrean languages". However, Tigrinya serves as the de facto language of national identity. With 2,540,000 total speakers of a population of 5,254,000 in 2006, Tigrinya is the most widely spoken language, particularly in the southern and central parts of Eritrea. Modern Standard Arabic and English serve as de facto working languages, with the latter used in university education and many technical fields. Italian, the former colonial language, is widely used in commerce and is taught as a second language in schools, with a few elderly monolinguals.

Q1: What is the official language of Eritrea?
A1: The nation has no official language
Q2: What was the most widely spoken language in Eritrea in 2006?
A2: Tigrinya
Q3: What does the Constitution establish of all Eritrean languages?
A3: equality
Q4: What languages serve as de facto working languages in Eritrea?
A4: Modern Standard Arabic and English
Q5: What language is used in Eritrean university education and many technical fields?
A5: English
Eritrea has achieved significant improvements in health care and is one of the few countries to be on target to meet its Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets in health, in particular child health. Life expectancy at birth has increased from 39.1 in 1960 to 59.5 years in 2008, maternal and child mortality rates have dropped dramatically and the health infrastructure has been expanded. Due to Eritrea's relative isolation, information and resources are extremely limited and according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) found in 2008 average life expectancy to be slightly less than 63 years. Immunisation and child nutrition has been tackled by working closely with schools in a multi-sectoral approach; the number of children vaccinated against measles almost doubled in seven years, from 40.7% to 78.5% and the underweight prevalence among children decreased by 12% in 1995–2002 (severe underweight prevalence by 28%). The National Malaria Protection Unit of the Ministry of Health has registered tremendous improvements in reducing malarial mortality by as much as 85% and the number of cases by 92% between 1998 and 2006. The Eritrean government has banned female genital mutilation (FGM), saying the practice was painful and put women at risk of life-threatening health problems.

Q1: Which part of Eritrea's health care goals have they been most successful in?
A1: child health
Q2: What was the Eritrean life expectancy at birth in 1960?
A2: 39.1
Q3: What was the Eritrean life expectancy st birth in 2008?
A3: 59.5
Q4: Which practice was banned by the Eritrean government with claimes it is painful and has life-threatening health problems for women?
A4: female genital mutilation
Q5: How much did the National Malaria Protection Unit reduce malarial mortality by from 1998 - 2006?
A5: 85%
Additionally, owing to its colonial history, cuisine in Eritrea features more Italian influences than are present in Ethiopian cooking, including more pasta and greater use of curry powders and cumin.The Italian Eritrean cuisine started to be practiced during the colonial times of the Kingdom of Italy, when a large number of Italians moved to Eritrea. They brought the use of "pasta" to Italian Eritrea, and it is one of the main food eaten in present-day Asmara. An Italian Eritrean cuisine emerged, and dishes common dishes are 'Pasta al Sugo e Berbere', which means "Pasta with tomato sauce and berbere" (spice), but there are many more like "lasagna" and "cotoletta alla milanese" (milano cutlet). Alongside sowa, people in Eritrea also tend to drink coffee. Mies is another popular local alcoholic beverage, made out of honey.

Q1: Where does the Italian influences on Eritrean cuisine come from?
A1: its colonial history
Q2: What is Eritrea's popular alcoholic beverage Mies made out of?
A2: honey
Q3: What food item did Italians bring to Eritrea during colonial times?
A3: pasta
Q4: How does 'Pasta al Sugo e Berbere' translate in English?
A4: "Pasta with tomato sauce and berbere" (spice)
Q5: What is the main food, influenced by Italy, eaten in Eritrea's capital today?
A5: pasta
The culture of Eritrea has been largely shaped by the country's location on the Red Sea coast. One of the most recognizable parts of Eritrean culture is the coffee ceremony. Coffee (Ge'ez ቡን būn) is offered when visiting friends, during festivities, or as a daily staple of life. During the coffee ceremony, there are traditions that are upheld. The coffee is served in three rounds: the first brew or round is called awel in Tigrinya meaning first, the second round is called kalaay meaning second, and the third round is called bereka meaning "to be blessed". If coffee is politely declined, then most likely tea ("shai" ሻሂ shahee) will instead be served.

Q1: What geographical location in Eritrea has largely shaped the culture of Eritrea?
A1: Red Sea coast
Q2: How many rounds is coffee served in during a coffee ceremony?
A2: three
Q3: What is one of the most recognizable parts of Eritran culture that can be offered when visiting friends as well as being a daily staple of life?
A3: the coffee ceremony
Q4: What do Eritrean's offer a person who declines coffee?
A4: most likely tea
Q5: What is the first round of the coffee ceremony called?
A5: awel
Eritrea (/ˌɛrᵻˈtreɪ.ə/ or /ˌɛrᵻˈtriːə/;, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in East Africa. With its capital at Asmara, it is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea. The nation has a total area of approximately 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi), and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands. Its name Eritrea is based on the Greek name for the Red Sea (Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα Erythra Thalassa), which was first adopted for Italian Eritrea in 1890.

Q1: What country borders Eritrea in the west?
A1: Sudan
Q2: What country borders Eritrea in the south?
A2: Ethiopia
Q3: What country borders Eritrea in the southeast?
A3: Djibouti
Q4: What extensive coastline makes up a portion of Eritrea's East border?
A4: Red Sea
Q5: What is the total area of the nation of Eritrea?
A5: 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi)
Eritrea's ethnic groups each have their own styles of music and accompanying dances. Amongst the Tigrinya, the best known traditional musical genre is the guaila. Traditional instruments of Eritrean folk music include the stringed krar, kebero, begena, masenqo and the wata (a distant/rudimentary cousin of the violin). The most popular Eritrean artist is the Tigrinya singer Helen Meles, who is noted for her powerful voice and wide singing range. Other prominent local musicians include the Kunama singer Dehab Faytinga, Ruth Abraha, Bereket Mengisteab, Yemane Baria, and the late Abraham Afewerki.

Q1: What is the best know musical genre amongst the Tigrinya?
A1: guaila
Q2: What is the Eritrean traditional instrument, the wata?
A2: a distant/rudimentary cousin of the violin
Q3: Who is the most popular Eritrean singing artist?
A3: Helen Meles
Q4: What is Helen Meles noted for?
A4: her powerful voice and wide singing range
Q5: Who, in Eritrea, have their own styles of music and  accompanying dance?
A5: ethnic groups
During the Middle Ages, the Eritrea region was known as Medri Bahri ("sea-land"). The name Eritrea is derived from the ancient Greek name for Red Sea (Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα Erythra Thalassa, based on the adjective ἐρυθρός erythros "red"). It was first formally adopted in 1890, with the formation of Italian Eritrea (Colonia Eritrea). The territory became the Eritrea Governorate within Italian East Africa in 1936. Eritrea was annexed by Ethiopia in 1953 (nominally within a federation until 1962) and an Eritrean Liberation Front formed in 1960. Eritrea gained independence following the 1993 referendum, and the name of the new state was defined as State of Eritrea in the 1997 constitution.[citation needed]

Q1: What was the Eritrean region known as during the Middle Ages?
A1: Medri Bahri
Q2: What is the English translation of Medri Bahri?
A2: sea-land
Q3: When was Eritrea annexed by Ethiopia?
A3: 1953
Q4: When did the Eritrean Liberation Front form?
A4: 1960
Q5: When did Eritrea gain independence?
A5: following the 1993 referendum
In 2010, a genetic study was conducted on the mummified remains of baboons that were brought back as gifts from Punt by the ancient Egyptians. Led by a research team from the Egyptian Museum and the University of California, the scientists used oxygen isotope analysis to examine hairs from two baboon mummies that had been preserved in the British Museum. One of the baboons had distorted isotopic data, so the other's oxygen isotope values were compared to those of present-day baboon specimens from regions of interest. The researchers found that the mummies most closely matched modern baboon specimens in Eritrea and Ethiopia, which they suggested implied that Punt was likely a narrow region that included eastern Ethiopia and all of Eritrea.

Q1: In 2010, what was conducted on mummified remains of baboons?
A1: genetic
Q2: Who was determined to be the closest match for the baboon mummies?
A2: modern baboon specimens in Eritrea and Ethiopia
Q3: What type of analysis did the scientists use to examine hairs from the 2 baboon mummies formerly preserved in the British Museum?
A3: oxygen isotope analysis
Q4: Where did the 2 baboons' mummified remains originate?
A4: Punt
Q5: Where did researchers suggest that Punt was located?
A5: region that included eastern Ethiopia and all of Eritrea
After the decline of Aksum, the Eritrean highlands were under the domain of Bahr Negash ruled by the Bahr Negus. The area was then known as Ma'ikele Bahr ("between the seas/rivers," i.e. the land between the Red Sea and the Mereb river). It was later renamed under Emperor Zara Yaqob as the domain of the Bahr Negash, the Medri Bahri ("Sea land" in Tingrinya, although it included some areas like Shire on the other side of the Mereb, today in Ethiopia). With its capital at Debarwa, the state's main provinces were Hamasien, Serae and Akele Guzai.

Q1: What  domain were the Eritrean highlands under after the decline of Aksum?
A1: Bahr Negash ruled by the Bahr Negus
Q2: What was the area in the Eritrean highlands named under Emperor Zaro Yaqob?
A2: Medri Bahri
Q3: What was the capitol of Medri Bahri?
A3: Debarwa
Q4: What were the main provinces of Medri Bahri?
A4: Hamasien, Serae and Akele Guzai
Q5: What is the English translation of Medri Bahri?
A5: Sea land
In 1922, Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy brought profound changes to the colonial government in Italian Eritrea. After il Duce declared the birth of the Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana) administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a "new Roman Empire". Eritrea was chosen by the Italian government to be the industrial center of Italian East Africa.

Q1: Whose rise to power in 1922 brought profounc change to the government in Italian Eritrea?
A1: Benito Mussolini's
Q2: When was Italian Eritrea significantly enlarged?
A2: After il Duce declared the birth of the Italian Empire
Q3: When was the birth of the Italian Empire declared?
A3: May 1936
Q4: What was Eritrea chosen to be by the Italian government during the Italian Empire?
A4: industrial center of Italian East Africa
Q5: What does Africa Orientale Italiana mean?
A5: Italian East Africa
When Emperor Haile Selassie unilaterally dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the country in 1962, the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) waged an armed struggle for independence. The ensuing Eritrean War for Independence went on for 30 years against successive Ethiopian governments until 1991, when the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), a successor of the ELF, defeated the Ethiopian forces in Eritrea and helped a coalition of Ethiopian rebel forces take control of the Ethiopian Capital Addis Ababa.

Q1: Who dissolved the Eritrean parliament in 1962?
A1: Emperor Haile Selassie
Q2: Who waged an armed struggle for independence in 1962 after Eritrea was annexed?
A2: ELF
Q3: What does the acroynm ELF stand for?
A3: Eritrean Liberation Front
Q4: How long did the Eritrean War for Independence last?
A4: 30 years
Q5: What is the acronym for Eritrean People's Liberation Front?
A5: EPLF
Disagreements following the war have resulted in stalemate punctuated by periods of elevated tension and renewed threats of war. The stalemate led the President of Eritrea to urge the UN to take action on Ethiopia with the Eleven Letters penned by the President to the United Nations Security Council. The situation has been further escalated by the continued efforts of the Eritrean and Ethiopian leaders in supporting opposition in one another's countries.[citation needed] In 2011, Ethiopia accused Eritrea of planting bombs at an African Union summit in Addis Ababa, which was later supported by a UN report. Eritrea denied the claims.

Q1: What did disagreements following the Eritrean War result in?
A1: stalemate
Q2: What did the stalemate lead the President of Eritrea to urge the UN to do?
A2: take action on Ethiopia
Q3: Who accused Eritrea of planting bombs at an African Union summit?
A3: Ethiopia
Q4: What supported the accusation that Eritrea planted bombs at the African Union summit?
A4: a UN report
Q5: What did Eritrea do when it was accused of planting bombs at the African Union summit?
A5: denied the claims
However, Eritrea still faces many challenges. Despite number of physicians increasing from only 0.2 in 1993 to 0.5 in 2004 per 1000 population, this is still very low. Malaria and tuberculosis are common in Eritrea. HIV prevalence among the 15–49 group exceeds 2%. The fertility rate is at about 5 births per woman. Maternal mortality dropped by more than half from 1995 to 2002, although the figure is still high. Similarly, between 1995 and 2002, the number of births attended by skilled health personnel has doubled but still is only 28.3%. A major cause of death in neonates is by severe infection. Per capita expenditure on health is low in Eritrea.

Q1: In 2004, how many physicians did Eritrea have per 1000 people?
A1: 0.5
Q2: How prevalent is HIV among the 15-49 age group in Eritrea?
A2: exceeds 2%
Q3: What is the fertility rate in Eriterea?
A3: 5 births per woman
Q4: As of 2002, how many births were attended by skilled health personnel in Eriterea?
A4: 28.3%
Q5: What is a major cause of death in neonates in Eriterea?
A5: severe infection
Traditional Eritrean attire is quite varied among the ethnic groups of Eritrea. In the larger cities, most people dress in Western casual dress such as jeans and shirts. In offices, both men and women often dress in suits. Traditional clothing for Christian Tigrinya-speaking highlanders consists of bright white gowns called zurias for the women, and long white shirts accompanied by white pants for the men. In Muslim communities in the Eritrean lowland, the women traditionally dress in brightly colored clothes. Only Rashaida women maintain a tradition of covering half of their faces, though they do not cover their hair.

Q1: How do most people dress in the larger cities of Eritrea?
A1: Western casual
Q2: How do both men and women often dress in offices in Eritrea?
A2: suits
Q3: What are zurias, the traditional clothes still worn by Christian highlander women in Eritrea?
A3: bright white gowns
Q4: How do women in the Muslim communities of the Eritrean lowland dress?
A4: in brightly colored clothes
Q5: Who are the only women who follow the tradition of covering half of their faces, though not their hair?
A5: Rashaida women
Football and cycling are the most popular sports in Eritrea. In recent years, Eritrean athletes have also seen increasing success in the international arena. Zersenay Tadese, an Eritrean athlete, currently holds the world record in half marathon distance running. The Tour of Eritrea, a multi-stage international cycling event, is held annually throughout the country. The Eritrea national cycling team has experienced a lot of success, winning the continental cycling championship several years in a row. Six Eritrean riders have been signed to international cycling teams, including Natnael Berhane and Daniel Teklehaimanot. Berhane was named African Sportsman of the Year in 2013, ahead of footballers Yaya Touré and Didier Drogba, while Teklehaimanot became the first Eritrean to ride the Vuelta a España in 2012. In 2015 Teklehaimanot won the King of the Mountains classification in the Critérium du Dauphine. Teklehaimanot and fellow Eritrean Merhawi Kudus became the first black African riders to compete in the Tour de France when they were selected by the MTN–Qhubeka team for the 2015 edition of the race, where, on 9 July, Teklehaimanot became the first African rider to wear the polkadot jersey.

Q1: What are the most popular sports in Eritrea?
A1: Football and cycling
Q2: What world record is held by Eritrean athlete Zersenay Tadese?
A2: half marathon distance running
Q3: What is the name of the multi-stage international cycling event held throughout Eritrea?
A3: Tour of Eritrea
Q4: Who became the first black African riders to compete in the Tour de France?
A4: Teklehaimanot and fellow Eritrean Merhawi Kudus
Q5: Who became the first Eritrean to ride the Vuelta a Espana in 2012?
A5: Daniel Teklehaimanot
During the last interglacial period, the Red Sea coast of Eritrea was occupied by early anatomically modern humans. It is believed that the area was on the route out of Africa that some scholars suggest was used by early humans to colonize the rest of the Old World. In 1999, the Eritrean Research Project Team composed of Eritrean, Canadian, American, Dutch and French scientists discovered a Paleolithic site with stone and obsidian tools dated to over 125,000 years old near the Bay of Zula south of Massawa, along the Red Sea littoral. The tools are believed to have been used by early humans to harvest marine resources like clams and oysters.

Q1: Who occupied the Red Sea coast during the last interglacial period?
A1: early anatomically modern humans
Q2: How old were the obsidian tools that were discovered by the Eritrean Research Project Team?
A2: over 125,000 years old
Q3: Where did the Research Project Team find the obsidian tools?
A3: near the Bay of Zula
Q4: What Team was composed of Eritrean, Canadian, American, Dutch and French scientists?
A4: Eritrean Research Project Team
Q5: What were the tools believed to have been used for by early humans?
A5: to harvest marine resources like clams and oysters
At the end of the 16th century, the Aussa Sultanate was established in the Denkel lowlands of Eritrea. The polity had come into existence in 1577, when Muhammed Jasa moved his capital from Harar to Aussa (Asaita) with the split of the Adal Sultanate into Aussa and the Sultanate of Harar. At some point after 1672, Aussa declined in conjunction with Imam Umar Din bin Adam's recorded ascension to the throne. In 1734, the Afar leader Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan, seized power and established the Mudaito Dynasty. This marked the start of a new and more sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period.

Q1: When was the Aussa Sultanate established?
A1: end of the 16th century
Q2: Where was the Aussa Sultanate established?
A2: Denkel lowlands of Eritrea
Q3: Who was the leader of Afar in 1734?
A3: Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan
Q4: What did Kedafu establish in 1734?
A4: Mudaito Dynasty
Q5: What marked the start of a new and sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period?
A5: Mudaito Dynasty
In the vacuum that followed the 1889 death of Emperor Yohannes II, Gen. Oreste Baratieri occupied the highlands along the Eritrean coast and Italy proclaimed the establishment of the new colony of Italian Eritrea, a colony of the Kingdom of Italy. In the Treaty of Wuchale (It. Uccialli) signed the same year, King Menelik of Shewa, a southern Ethiopian kingdom, recognized the Italian occupation of his rivals' lands of Bogos, Hamasien, Akkele Guzay, and Serae in exchange for guarantees of financial assistance and continuing access to European arms and ammunition. His subsequent victory over his rival kings and enthronement as Emperor Menelek II (r. 1889–1913) made the treaty formally binding upon the entire territory.

Q1: When did Emperor Yohannes II die?
A1: 1889
Q2: What was the new colony of Italia Eritrea a colony of?
A2: the Kingdom of Italy
Q3: What did Gen. Oreste Baratieri proclaim in the highlands along the Eritrean coast?
A3: the new colony of Italian Eritrea
Q4: When was the Treaty of Wuchale signed?
A4: 1889
Q5: What years was the Treaty of Wuchale formally binding?
A5: 1889–1913