romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
When paying a state visit to Britain, foreign heads of state are usually entertained by the Queen at Buckingham Palace. They are allocated a large suite of rooms known as the Belgian Suite, situated at the foot of the Minister's Staircase, on the ground floor of the north-facing Garden Wing. The rooms of the suite are linked by narrow corridors, one of them is given extra height and perspective by saucer domes designed by Nash in the style of Soane. A second corridor in the suite has Gothic influenced cross over vaulting. The Belgian Rooms themselves were decorated in their present style and named after Prince Albert's uncle Léopold I, first King of the Belgians. In 1936, the suite briefly became the private apartments of the palace when they were occupied by King Edward VIII.

Q1: Where do foreign heads of stay usually stay in Buckingham Palace?
A1: the Belgian Suite
Q2: What floor are the Belgian Suites located?
A2: ground floor
Q3: The Belgian Suite is located at the foot of which staircase?
A3: the Minister's Staircase
Q4: How are the rooms of the Belgian Suites linked?
A4: by narrow corridors
Q5: What is the style of the saucer domes in the Belgian Suite?
A5: the style of Soane
Q6: Where do foreign heads of stay at Buckingham Palace?
A6: the Belgian Suite
Q7: The Belgian Suite is located at the bottom of which staircase?
A7: Minister's Staircase
Q8: On which floor is the Belgian Suite located?
A8: the ground floor
Q9: How are the rooms in the Belgian Suite connected?
A9: by narrow corridors
Q10: The saucer domes are in whose style?
A10: the style of Soane
Thus, Buckingham Palace is a symbol and home of the British monarchy, an art gallery and a tourist attraction. Behind the gilded railings and gates which were completed by the Bromsgrove Guild in 1911 and Webb's famous façade, which has been described in a book published by the Royal Collection as looking "like everybody's idea of a palace", is not only a weekday home of the Queen and Prince Philip but also the London residence of the Duke of York and the Earl and Countess of Wessex. The palace also houses the offices of the Queen, Prince Philip, Duke of York, Earl and Countess of Wessex, Princess Royal, and Princess Alexandra, and is the workplace of more than 800 people.

Q1: Aside from being the home of the monarchy and a tourist attraction, what else is Buckingham Palace known for?
A1: art gallery
Q2: Who made the palaces gilded railings and gates?
A2: Bromsgrove Guild
Q3: How many people work at Buckingham Palace?
A3: more than 800
Q4: Buckingham Palace is also the London Residence for which Duke?
A4: Duke of York
Q5: Who is Buckingham palace home to?
A5: the British monarchy
Q6: Who completed the palaces gilded railing and gates?
A6: Bromsgrove Guild
Q7: In what year were the railings and gates completed?
A7: 1911
Q8: How many people work at Buckingham Palace?
A8: 800 people
The palace, like Windsor Castle, is owned by the Crown Estate. It is not the monarch's personal property, unlike Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle. Many of the contents from Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle, Kensington Palace, and St James's Palace are part of the Royal Collection, held in trust by the Sovereign; they can, on occasion, be viewed by the public at the Queen's Gallery, near the Royal Mews. Unlike the palace and the castle, the purpose-built gallery is open continually and displays a changing selection of items from the collection. It occupies the site of the chapel destroyed by an air raid in World War II. The palace's state rooms have been open to the public during August and September and on selected dates throughout the year since 1993. The money raised in entry fees was originally put towards the rebuilding of Windsor Castle after the 1992 fire devastated many of its state rooms. 476,000 people visited the palace in the 2014–15 financial year.

Q1: Buckingham Palace is actually owned by whom?
A1: Crown Estate
Q2: Where can the public view items from the Royal Collection?
A2: Queen's Gallery
Q3: What was located on the site that is now the Queen's Gallery?
A3: chapel
Q4: What part of the palace has been open to the public every August and September and other select dates since 1993?
A4: The palace's state rooms
Q5: Who owns Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle?
A5: Crown Estate
Q6: Where can the public view the Royal Collection?
A6: at the Queen's Gallery
Q7: Since when have the palaces rooms been opened to the public?
A7: since 1993
Q8: How many people visited the palace in the 2014.2015 fiscal year?
A8: 476,000 people
Formerly, men not wearing military uniform wore knee breeches of an 18th-century design. Women's evening dress included obligatory trains and tiaras or feathers in their hair (or both). The dress code governing formal court uniform and dress has progressively relaxed. After World War I, when Queen Mary wished to follow fashion by raising her skirts a few inches from the ground, she requested a lady-in-waiting to shorten her own skirt first to gauge the king's reaction. King George V was horrified, so the queen kept her hemline unfashionably low. Following their accession in 1936, King George VI and his consort, Queen Elizabeth, allowed the hemline of daytime skirts to rise. Today, there is no official dress code. Most men invited to Buckingham Palace in the daytime choose to wear service uniform or lounge suits; a minority wear morning coats, and in the evening, depending on the formality of the occasion, black tie or white tie.

Q1: What is the official dress code today at Buckingham Palace?
A1: there is no official dress code
Q2: Which Queen tried and failed to raise the hemline of her dress after WWI?
A2: Queen Mary
Q3: Which King was horrified to see the Queen's hemline raised a few inches?
A3: King George V
Q4: The hemline of daytime skirts were allowed to rise after which year?
A4: 1936
Q5: The knee breeches men formerly wore to the palace were of what era's design?
A5: 18th-century design
Q6: From what century were men's knee breeches worn at Buckingham designed in?
A6: 18th-century design
Q7: What were women obliged to wear in their hair?
A7: tiaras or feathers
Q8: Which queen wanted to shorten her skirt's hemline?
A8: Queen Mary
Q9: Which King was horrified to see the raised hemline on the Queen?
A9: George V
Q10: What is the dress code today at Buckingham?
A10: there is no official dress code
Court presentations of aristocratic young ladies to the monarch took place at the palace from the reign of Edward VII. These young women were known as débutantes, and the occasion—termed their "coming out"—represented their first entrée into society. Débutantes wore full court dress, with three tall ostrich feathers in their hair. They entered, curtsied, and performed a choreographed backwards walk and a further curtsy, while manoeuvring a dress train of prescribed length. (The ceremony, known as an evening court, corresponded to the "court drawing rooms" of Victoria's reign.) After World War II, the ceremony was replaced by less formal afternoon receptions, usually without choreographed curtsies and court dress.

Q1: Under whose reign did court presentations of young aristocratic ladies take place?
A1: Edward VII
Q2: What was the name for the ceremony where debutantes had their first introduction into society?
A2: coming out
Q3: Debutantes wore the feather of which bird in their hair?
A3: ostrich feathers
Q4: After WWII "coming out" ceremonies were replaces with what event?
A4: less formal afternoon receptions
Q5: Under whose reign were young debutantes presented to society at Court?
A5: Edward VII
Q6: What types of feathers did debutantes wear in their hair?
A6: ostrich feathers
Q7: What was the occasion where debutantes were presented to society called?
A7: "coming out"
Q8: After WWII what was the coming out ceremony replaced with?
A8: less formal afternoon receptions
Investitures, which include the conferring of knighthoods by dubbing with a sword, and other awards take place in the palace's Ballroom, built in 1854. At 36.6 m (120 ft) long, 18 m (59 ft) wide and 13.5 m (44 ft) high, it is the largest room in the palace. It has replaced the throne room in importance and use. During investitures, the Queen stands on the throne dais beneath a giant, domed velvet canopy, known as a shamiana or a baldachin, that was used at the Delhi Durbar in 1911. A military band plays in the musicians' gallery as award recipients approach the Queen and receive their honours, watched by their families and friends.

Q1: Where do Investitures take place?
A1: in the palace's Ballroom
Q2: What year was The Ballroom built?
A2: 1854
Q3: Which room has The Ballroom replaced in terms of both use and importance?
A3: the throne room
Q4: What is the largest room in the palace?
A4: the palace's Ballroom
Q5: What does the Queen stand on during Investitures?
A5: the throne dais
Q6: Knighthood is given by being dubbed with what object?
A6: a sword
Q7: What is the largest room in the palace?
A7: Ballroom
Q8: The Ballroom replaced which other room in terms of importance and use?
A8: the throne room
State banquets also take place in the Ballroom; these formal dinners are held on the first evening of a state visit by a foreign head of state. On these occasions, for up to 170 guests in formal "white tie and decorations", including tiaras, the dining table is laid with the Grand Service, a collection of silver-gilt plate made in 1811 for the Prince of Wales, later George IV. The largest and most formal reception at Buckingham Palace takes place every November when the Queen entertains members of the diplomatic corps. On this grand occasion, all the state rooms are in use, as the royal family proceed through them, beginning at the great north doors of the Picture Gallery. As Nash had envisaged, all the large, double-mirrored doors stand open, reflecting the numerous crystal chandeliers and sconces, creating a deliberate optical illusion of space and light.

Q1: Where do State Banquets take place?
A1: the Ballroom
Q2: In what month does the Queen entertain the diplomatic corps?
A2: November
Q3: What is used to set the dining table for formal dinners?
A3: the Grand Service
Q4: When was the Grand Service made?
A4: 1811
Q5: For whom was the Grand Service made?
A5: the Prince of Wales
Q6: Where do state banquets take place?
A6: in the Ballroom
Q7: When are state banquets held?
A7: the first evening of a state visit by a foreign head of state
Q8: What is the dining table laid with for state banquets?
A8: the Grand Service
Q9: Who was the Grand Service originally made for?
A9: Prince of Wales
Adjacent to the palace is the Royal Mews, also designed by Nash, where the royal carriages, including the Gold State Coach, are housed. This rococo gilt coach, designed by Sir William Chambers in 1760, has painted panels by G. B. Cipriani. It was first used for the State Opening of Parliament by George III in 1762 and has been used by the monarch for every coronation since George IV. It was last used for the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II. Also housed in the mews are the coach horses used at royal ceremonial processions.

Q1: Who designed the Royal Mews?
A1: Nash
Q2: Where is the Gold State Coach housed?
A2: the Royal Mews
Q3: Who designed the Gold State Coach?
A3: Sir William Chambers
Q4: When was the Gold State Coach first used?
A4: 1762
Q5: The Royal Mews houses which type of animal?
A5: horses
Q6: Who designed the Royal Mews?
A6: Nash
Q7: Where is the Gold State Coach kept?
A7: the Royal Mews
Q8: Who designed the Gold State Coach?
A8: Sir William Chambers
Q9: In what year was the Gold State Coach first used?
A9: 1762
Q10: What animals are kept in the mews?
A10: horses
In 1901 the accession of Edward VII saw new life breathed into the palace. The new King and his wife Queen Alexandra had always been at the forefront of London high society, and their friends, known as "the Marlborough House Set", were considered to be the most eminent and fashionable of the age. Buckingham Palace—the Ballroom, Grand Entrance, Marble Hall, Grand Staircase, vestibules and galleries redecorated in the Belle époque cream and gold colour scheme they retain today—once again became a setting for entertaining on a majestic scale but leaving some to feel King Edward's heavy redecorations were at odds with Nash's original work.

Q1: In what year did Edward VII ascend to the throne?
A1: 1901
Q2: Kind Edward VII and Queen Alexandra's friends were know as what?
A2: "the Marlborough House Set"
Q3: Some thought that King Edward VII's redecoration choices were at odds with whose prior work?
A3: Nash's
Q4: Which king commissioned massive redecoration in the Belle Epoque cream and gold color scheme?
A4: King Edward
Q5: What were the group of friends of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra called?
A5: the Marlborough House Set
Q6: What was at odds with Nash's original work in the palace?
A6: King Edward's heavy redecorations
Q7: When did King Edward VII take the throne?
A7: 1901
Q8: What colors were used in the redecorations overseen by King Edward VII?
A8: Belle époque cream and gold
The last major building work took place during the reign of King George V when, in 1913, Sir Aston Webb redesigned Blore's 1850 East Front to resemble in part Giacomo Leoni's Lyme Park in Cheshire. This new, refaced principal façade (of Portland stone) was designed to be the backdrop to the Victoria Memorial, a large memorial statue of Queen Victoria, placed outside the main gates. George V, who had succeeded Edward VII in 1910, had a more serious personality than his father; greater emphasis was now placed on official entertaining and royal duties than on lavish parties. He arranged a series of command performances featuring jazz musicians such as the Original Dixieland Jazz Band (1919) – the first jazz performance for a head of state, Sidney Bechet, and Louis Armstrong (1932), which earned the palace a nomination in 2009 for a (Kind of) Blue Plaque by the Brecon Jazz Festival as one of the venues making the greatest contribution to jazz music in the United Kingdom. George V's wife Queen Mary was a connoisseur of the arts, and took a keen interest in the Royal Collection of furniture and art, both restoring and adding to it. Queen Mary also had many new fixtures and fittings installed, such as the pair of marble Empire-style chimneypieces by Benjamin Vulliamy, dating from 1810, which the Queen had installed in the ground floor Bow Room, the huge low room at the centre of the garden façade. Queen Mary was also responsible for the decoration of the Blue Drawing Room. This room, 69 feet (21 metres) long, previously known as the South Drawing Room, has a ceiling designed specially by Nash, coffered with huge gilt console brackets.

Q1: Under whose reign did the last major building works take place?
A1: King George V
Q2: The principle facade of the East Front is made from what type of stone?
A2: Portland stone
Q3: Which king preferred official entertaining and royal duties to lavish parties?
A3: George V
Q4: Who added and restored furniture to The Royal Collection?
A4: Queen Mary
Q5: Who was responsible for decorating The Blue Drawing Room?
A5: Queen Mary
Q6: Who redesigned Blore's 1850 East Front?
A6: Sir Aston Webb
Q7: The refaced facade was made from what type of stone?
A7: Portland stone
Q8: Which king placed more emphasis on official entertaining and royal duties instead of lavish parties?
A8: George V
Q9: What collection did Queen Mary take an interest in by adding and restoring pieces?
A9: Royal Collection of furniture and art
Q10: Who decorated the Blue Drawing Room?
A10: Queen Mary
During World War I, the palace, then the home of King George V and Queen Mary, escaped unscathed. Its more valuable contents were evacuated to Windsor but the royal family remained in situ. The King imposed rationing at the palace, much to the dismay of his guests and household. To the King's later regret, David Lloyd George persuaded him to go further by ostentatiously locking the wine cellars and refraining from alcohol, to set a good example to the supposedly inebriated working class. The workers continued to imbibe and the King was left unhappy at his enforced abstinence. In 1938, the north-west pavilion, designed by Nash as a conservatory, was converted into a swimming pool.

Q1: Who lived at Buckingham Palace during WWI?
A1: King George V and Queen Mary
Q2: Where were valuable items from Buckingham Palace taken during WWI?
A2: Windsor
Q3: The king refrained from doing what during the war?
A3: alcohol
Q4: In what year was the north-west pavilion turned into a swimming pool?
A4: 1938
Q5: Who persuaded the king to lock the wine cellars during WWI?
A5: David Lloyd George
Q6: Buckingham Palace was untouched during which war?
A6: World War I
Q7: Where were valuables evacuated to during the war?
A7: Windsor
Q8: What did the King give up during the war?
A8: alcohol
Q9: Who convinced the king to lock the wine cellars?
A9: David Lloyd George
Q10: What was the north-west pavilion converted into in 1938?
A10: swimming pool
During World War II, the palace was bombed nine times, the most serious and publicised of which resulted in the destruction of the palace chapel in 1940. Coverage of this event was played in cinemas all over the UK to show the common suffering of rich and poor. One bomb fell in the palace quadrangle while King George VI and Queen Elizabeth were in residence, and many windows were blown in and the chapel destroyed. War-time coverage of such incidents was severely restricted, however. The King and Queen were filmed inspecting their bombed home, the smiling Queen, as always, immaculately dressed in a hat and matching coat seemingly unbothered by the damage around her. It was at this time the Queen famously declared: "I'm glad we have been bombed. Now I can look the East End in the face". The royal family were seen as sharing their subjects' hardship, as The Sunday Graphic reported:

Q1: How many times was the palace bombed in WWII?
A1: nine times
Q2: What was destroyed in 1940?
A2: the palace chapel
Q3: Which monarchs were in residence at Buckingham Palace during WWII?
A3: King George VI and Queen Elizabeth
Q4: The bombing of Buckingham Palace showed what to the public?
A4: the common suffering of rich and poor
Q5: What was destroyed in one of the bombing that hit the palace in WWII?
A5: the chapel
Q6: The King and Queen were filmed doing what after a bombing?
A6: inspecting their bombed home
Q7: The royal family was seen as sharing what with their subjects after the bombings?
A7: their subjects' hardship
On 15 September 1940, known as the Battle of Britain Day, an RAF pilot, Ray Holmes of No. 504 Squadron RAF rammed a German bomber he believed was going to bomb the Palace. Holmes had run out of ammunition and made the quick decision to ram it. Holmes bailed out. Both aircraft crashed. In fact the Dornier Do 17 bomber was empty. It had already been damaged, two of its crew had been killed and the remainder bailed out. Its pilot, Feldwebel Robert Zehbe, landed, only to die later of wounds suffered during the attack. During the Dornier's descent, it somehow unloaded its bombs, one of which hit the Palace. It then crashed into the forecourt of London Victoria station. The bomber's engine was later exhibited at the Imperial War Museum in London. The British pilot became a King's Messenger after the war, and died at the age of 90 in 2005.

Q1: What is the date of the Battle of Britain Day?
A1: 15 September 1940
Q2: What did Ray Holmes think the German pilot was going to bomb?
A2: the Palace
Q3: What type of airplane was the German craft Holmes rammed into?
A3: Dornier Do 17 bomber
Q4: After the war what did Holmes become?
A4: King's Messenger
Q5: What year did Ray Holmes die?
A5: 2005
Q6: What is September 15, 1940 known as?
A6: the Battle of Britain Day
Q7: What did Ray Holmes believe the German pilot was targeting?
A7: the Palace
Q8: What did Holmes do to stop the German Plane?
A8: ram it
Q9: What type of aircraft was the German Plane?
A9: Dornier Do 17 bomber
Q10: When did Holmes die?
A10: 2005
An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated to a high temperature, by passing an electric current through it, until it glows with visible light (incandescence). The hot filament is protected from oxidation with a glass or quartz bulb that is filled with inert gas or evacuated. In a halogen lamp, filament evaporation is prevented by a chemical process that redeposits metal vapor onto the filament, extending its life. The light bulb is supplied with electric current by feed-through terminals or wires embedded in the glass. Most bulbs are used in a socket which provides mechanical support and electrical connections.

Q1: What type of energy makes an incandescent light bulb glow?
A1: electric current
Q2: Which part of the incandescent light bulb is heated?
A2: wire filament
Q3: What part of a halogen light bulb supplies electric current?
A3: feed-through terminals or wires embedded in the glass
Q4: What provides the electricity to most light bulbs?
A4: a socket
Q5: Which type of light bulb uses inert gas?
A5: incandescent light bulb
Incandescent bulbs are much less efficient than most other types of electric lighting; incandescent bulbs convert less than 5% of the energy they use into visible light, with standard light bulbs averaging about 2.2%. The remaining energy is converted into heat. The luminous efficacy of a typical incandescent bulb is 16 lumens per watt, compared with 60 lm/W for a compact fluorescent bulb or 150 lm/W for some white LED lamps. Some applications of the incandescent bulb deliberately use the heat generated by the filament. Such applications include incubators, brooding boxes for poultry, heat lights for reptile tanks, infrared heating for industrial heating and drying processes, lava lamps, and the Easy-Bake Oven toy. Incandescent bulbs typically have short lifetimes compared with other types of lighting; around 1,000 hours for home light bulbs versus typically 10,000 hours for compact fluorescents and 30,000 hours for lighting LEDs.

Q1: Are incandescent bulbs more or less efficient than most electric lighting?
A1: less efficient
Q2: What percentage of energy does a standard light bulb actually convert to visible light?
A2: 2.2%
Q3: Which is more efficient: compact fluorescent or LED lights?
A3: LED
Q4: How long does a typical incandescent light bulb last?
A4: 1,000 hours
Q5: What happens to the energy that an incandescent bulb does not convert into light?
A5: The remaining energy is converted into heat.
Incandescent bulbs have been replaced in many applications by other types of electric light, such as fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL), high-intensity discharge lamps, and light-emitting diode lamps (LED). Some jurisdictions, such as the European Union, China, Canada and United States, are in the process of phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs while others, including Colombia, Mexico, Cuba, Argentina, Brazil and Australia, have prohibited them already.

Q1: What law did Australia make about incandescent light bulbs?
A1: prohibited them already
Q2: How is the United States treating incandescent light bulbs?
A2: phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs
Q3: What does the acronym CCFL refer to?
A3: cold cathode fluorescent lamps
Q4: What does the acronym CFL refer to?
A4: compact fluorescent lamps
Q5: What does the acronym LED refer to?
A5: light-emitting diode