romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
The next three popes, including Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI, were created cardinals by him. His immediate successor, Albino Luciani, who took the name John Paul I, was created a cardinal in the consistory of 5 March 1973. Karol Wojtyła was created a cardinal in the consistory of 26 June 1967. Joseph Ratzinger was created a cardinal in the small four-appointment consistory of 27 June 1977, which also included Bernardin Gantin from Benin, Africa. This became the last of Paul VI's consistories before his death in August 1978. Pope Paul was asked towards the end of his papacy whether he would retire at age 80, he replied "Kings can abdicate, Popes cannot."[citation needed]

Q1: How many future popes did Paul VI create first as cardinals?
A1: three
Q2: Who was made a cardinal by Paul VI on June 27 1977?
A2: Joseph Ratzinger
Q3: What future pope was made a cardinal by Paul VI on June 26, 1967?
A3: Karol Wojtyła
Q4: In what year did Paul VI die?
A4: 1978
Q5: What name did Albino Luciani take as a pope?
A5: John Paul I
Pope Paul VI left the Vatican to go to the papal summer residence, Castel Gandolfo, on 14 July 1978, visiting on the way the tomb of Cardinal Giuseppe Pizzardo, who had introduced him to the Vatican half a century earlier. Although he was sick, he agreed to see the new Italian President Sandro Pertini for over two hours. In the evening he watched a Western on TV, happy only when he saw "horses, the most beautiful animals that God had created." He had breathing problems and needed oxygen. On Sunday, at the Feast of the Transfiguration, he was tired, but wanted to say the Angelus. He was neither able nor permitted to do so and instead stayed in bed, his temperature rising.

Q1: Where was Paul VI headed to on July 14, 1978?
A1: Castel Gandolfo
Q2: What was considered to be the papal summer residence?
A2: Castel Gandolfo
Q3: Who was the Italian Prime Minister in July of 1978?
A3: Sandro Pertini
Q4: For how long did an ailing Paul VI meet with Sandro Pertini in 1978?
A4: two hours
Q5: What animals did Paul VI consider to be "the most beautiful animals God ever created"?
A5: horses
On 20 December 2012, Pope Benedict XVI, in an audience with the Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints, declared that the late pontiff had lived a life of heroic virtue, which means that he could be called "Venerable". A miracle attributed to the intercession of Paul VI was approved on 9 May 2014 by Pope Francis. The beatification ceremony for Paul VI was held on 19 October 2014, which means that he can now be called "Blessed". His liturgical feast day is celebrated on the date of his birth, 26 September, rather than the day of his death as is usual.

Q1: In what year was Paul VI beautified?
A1: 2014
Q2: On what day was Paul VI born?
A2: 26 September
Q3: Whose liturgical feast is celebrated on the 26th of September?
A3: Paul VI
Q4: On what day was the beautification ceremony performed for Paul VI?
A4: 19 October
Q5: What was attributed to Paul VI and officially approved on May 9, 2014?
A5: A miracle
In December 2013, Vatican officials approved a supposed miracle that was attributed to the intercession of the late pontiff which was the curing of an unborn child in California, U.S.A in the 1990s. It was expected that Pope Francis would approve the miracle in the near future, thus, warranting the beatification of the late pontiff. In February 2014, it was reported that the consulting Vatican theologians to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints recognized the miracle attributed to the late pontiff.

Q1: According to the Vatican who could the healing of an unborn child be attributed to in the 1990's?
A1: pontiff
Q2: Who approved the miracle of Paul VI?
A2: Pope Francis
Q3: What group was responsible for recognizing Paul Vi's miracle?
A3: Congregation for the Causes of Saints
Q4: What is the process called that acknowledges sainthood?
A4: beatification
On 24 April 2014, it was reported in the Italian magazine Credere that the late pope could possibly be beatified on 19 October 2014. This report from the magazine further stated that several cardinals and bishops would meet on 5 May to confirm the miracle that had previously been approved, and then present it to Pope Francis who may sign the decree for beatification shortly after that. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints held that meeting and positively concluded that the healing was indeed a miracle that could be attributed to the late pope. The matter shall now soon be presented to the pope for approval.

Q1: What magazine broke the story of Paul VI pending saint hood?
A1: Credere
Q2: What type of miracle was attributed to Pope Paul VI?
A2: healing
Q3: What group declared the healing a miracle by Paul VI?
A3: The Congregation for the Causes of Saints
Q4: Who needed to approve the Congregation for the Causes of Saints conclusion that Paul VI performed a miracle?
A4: pope
Q5: Who was required to sign a decree declaring Paul VI a saint?
A5: Pope Francis
On basic Church teachings, the pope was unwavering. On the tenth anniversary of Humanae vitae, he reconfirmed this teaching. In his style and methodology, he was a disciple of Pius XII, whom he deeply revered. He suffered for the attacks on Pius XII for his alleged silences during the Holocaust. Pope Paul VI was less outstanding than his predecessors: he was not credited with an encyclopedic memory, nor a gift for languages, nor the brilliant writing style of Pius XII, nor did he have the charisma and outpouring love, sense of humor and human warmth of John XXIII. He took on himself the unfinished reform work of these two popes, bringing them diligently with great humility and common sense and without much fanfare to conclusion. In doing so, Paul VI saw himself following in the footsteps of the Apostle Paul, torn to several directions as Saint Paul, who said, "I am attracted to two sides at once, because the Cross always divides."

Q1: What was Pius XII accused of not condemning?
A1: Holocaust
Q2: Whose theology did Paul VI continue to propagate during his papacy?
A2: Pius XII
Q3: What type of work did Paul Vi finish that had been started by two previous popes?
A3: reform
Q4: On which anniversary of his Humanae Vitae did Paul VI reconfirm the beliefs set forth by the Humanae Vitae?
A4: tenth
Q5: Which pope that preceded Paul VI was noted for his warmth and humor?
A5: John XXIII
Unlike his predecessors and successors, Paul VI refused to excommunicate the opponents. He admonished but did not punish those with other views. The new theological freedoms which he fostered resulted in a pluralism of opinions and uncertainties among the faithful. New demands were voiced, which were taboo at the Council, the reintegration of divorced Catholics, the sacramental character of the confession, and the role of women in the Church and its ministries. Conservatives complained, that "women wanted to be priests, priests wanted to get married, bishops became regional popes and theologians claimed absolute teaching authority. Protestants claimed equality, homosexuals and divorced called for full acceptance." Changes such as the reorientation of the liturgy, alterations to the ordinary of the Mass, alterations to the liturgical calendar in the motu proprio Mysterii Paschalis, and the relocation of the tabernacle were controversial among some Catholics.

Q1: Who did Paul VI refuse to excommunicate?
A1: opponents
Q2: What did many other Catholics and Christians consider Paul VI reforms to be?
A2: controversial
Q3: To what can the dissent among Catholics be attributed to during Paul VI's papacy?
A3: theological freedoms
Q4: What was the reintroduction of divorced Catholics into the church considered to be by the Council?
A4: taboo
Some critiqued Paul VI's decision; the newly created Synod of Bishops had an advisory role only and could not make decisions on their own, although the Council decided exactly that. During the pontificate of Paul VI, five such synods took place, and he is on record of implementing all their decisions. Related questions were raised about the new National Bishop Conferences, which became mandatory after Vatican II. Others questioned his Ostpolitik and contacts with Communism and the deals he engaged in for the faithful.

Q1: How many Synod of Bishops took place during Paul VI's papacy?
A1: five
Q2: What conferences became a requirement after Vatican II?
A2: National Bishop Conferences
Q3: What political movement was Paul VI criticized for having a relationship with?
A3: Communism
Q4: The Council, under Paul VI, decided whom could make decisions independently of Rome?
A4: Bishops
Q5: How many of his bishop's decisions did Paul VI end up enacting?
A5: all
From his bed he participated in Sunday Mass at 18:00. After communion, the pope suffered a massive heart attack, after which he continued to live for three hours. On 6 August 1978 at 21:41 Paul VI died in Castel Gandolfo. According to his will, he was buried in the grottos of the Vatican not in an ornate tomb, but in a grave in the ground. He is buried beneath the floor of Saint Peter's Basilica with other popes. In his will, he requested to be buried in the "true earth" and therefore, he does not have an ornate sarcophagus but an in-ground grave.

Q1: How long did Paul VI live for after experiencing a massive heart attack in 1978?
A1: three hours
Q2: At what time did Paul VI die?
A2: 21:41
Q3: On what day did Paul VI die?
A3: 6 August
Q4: From where did Paul VI conduct mass on the day of his death?
A4: bed
Q5: What residence was the Paul VI staying in on the day of his death?
A5: Castel Gandolfo
With the six consistories, Paul VI continued the internationalization policies started by Pius XII in 1946 and continued by John XXIII. In his 1976 consistory, five of twenty cardinals originated from Africa, one of them a son of a tribal chief with fifty wives. Several prominent Latin Americans like Eduardo Francisco Pironio of Argentina; Luis Aponte Martinez of Puerto Rico and Eugênio de Araújo Sales and Aloisio Lorscheider from Brazil were also elevated by him. There were voices within the Church at the time saying that the European period of the Church was coming to a close, a view shared by Britain's Cardinal Basil Hume. At the same time, the members of the College of Cardinals lost some of their previous influences, after Paul VI decreed, that not only cardinals but also bishops too may participate in committees of the Roman Curia. The age limit of eighty years imposed by the Pope, a numerical increase of Cardinals by almost 100%, and a reform of the regal vestments of the "Princes of the Church" further contributed to a service-oriented perception of Cardinals under his pontificate. The increased number of Cardinals from the Third World and the papal emphasis on related issues was nevertheless welcomed by many in Western Europe.

Q1: How many cardinals were from Africa in 1976?
A1: five
Q2: What country did Cardinal Eduardo Francisco Pironi represent?
A2: Argentina
Q3: What country did Cardinal Araujo Sales represent?
A3: Brazil
Q4: What group's committees did Paul VI declare both bishops and cardinals could participate in?
A4: Roman Curia
Q5: What type of clothing did Paul VI enact reform on?
A5: regal vestments
Paul VI did renounce many traditional symbols of the papacy and the Catholic Church; some of his changes to the papal dress were reversed by Pope Benedict XVI in the early 21st century. Refusing a Vatican army of colourful military uniforms from centuries, he got rid of them. He became the first pope to visit five continents. Paul VI systematically continued and completed the efforts of his predecessors, to turn the Euro-centric Church into a Church of the world, by integrating the bishops from all continents in its government and in the Synods which he convened. His 6 August 1967 motu proprio Pro Comperto Sane opened the Roman Curia to the bishops of the world. Until then, only Cardinals could be leading members of the Curia.

Q1: What type of theatrical uniforms did Paul VI eradicate from the Vatican?
A1: army
Q2: Who was the first pope to visit five continents?
A2: Paul VI
Q3: Where did Paul Vi turn the focus of the church toward during his papacy?
A3: world
Q4: What group of clergy did Paul VI include in Vatican decision making that had previously been denied influence in this realm?
A4: bishops
Q5: What papal statement under Paul VI opened the Vatican doors to global influences?
A5: motu proprio Pro Comperto Sane
During George's reign the break-up of the British Empire and its transition into the Commonwealth of Nations accelerated. The parliament of the Irish Free State removed direct mention of the monarch from the country's constitution on the day of his accession. From 1939, the Empire and Commonwealth, except Ireland, was at war with Nazi Germany. War with Italy and Japan followed in 1940 and 1941, respectively. Though Britain and its allies were ultimately victorious in 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union rose as pre-eminent world powers and the British Empire declined. After the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, George remained as king of both countries, but the title Emperor of India was abandoned in June 1948. Ireland formally declared itself a republic and left the Commonwealth in 1949, and India became a republic within the Commonwealth the following year. George adopted the new title of Head of the Commonwealth. He was beset by health problems in the later years of his reign. His elder daughter, Elizabeth, succeeded him.

Q1: For which country did George VI stop using the title Emperor but continue to use the title of King?
A1: India
Q2: In what month and year did George VI discontinue using the title Emperor of India?
A2: June 1948
Q3: In 1949 what country solely proclaimed independence from the Commonwealth?
A3: Ireland
Q4: What Child of George VI ascended the throne?
A4: Elizabeth
Q5: What was the name used after the dissolution of the British Empire?
A5: Commonwealth of Nations
Q6: What year was Britain and allies victorious in the war?
A6: 1945
Q7: When did India and Pakistan gain independence?
A7: 1947
Q8: What title did George have in India prior to 1948?
A8: Emperor of India
Q9: What did Ireland declare itself in 1950?
A9: republic
His birthday (14 December 1895) was the 34th anniversary of the death of his great-grandfather, Prince Albert, the Prince Consort. Uncertain of how the Prince Consort's widow, Queen Victoria, would take the news of the birth, the Prince of Wales wrote to the Duke of York that the Queen had been "rather distressed". Two days later, he wrote again: "I really think it would gratify her if you yourself proposed the name Albert to her". Queen Victoria was mollified by the proposal to name the new baby Albert, and wrote to the Duchess of York: "I am all impatience to see the new one, born on such a sad day but rather more dear to me, especially as he will be called by that dear name which is a byword for all that is great and good". Consequently, he was baptised "Albert Frederick Arthur George" at St. Mary Magdalene's Church near Sandringham three months later.[a] As a great-grandson of Queen Victoria, he was known formally as His Highness Prince Albert of York from birth. Within the family, he was known informally as "Bertie". His maternal grandmother, the Duchess of Teck, did not like the first name the baby had been given, and she wrote prophetically that she hoped the last name "may supplant the less favoured one".

Q1: What month and day was the death of Prince Albert?
A1: 14 December
Q2: Who was Prince Albert's great grandmother?
A2: Queen Victoria
Q3: What was Prince Albert's nickname?
A3: Bertie
Q4: In which church was Prince Albert baptized?
A4: St. Mary Magdalene's Church
Albert spent the first six months of 1913 on the training ship HMS Cumberland in the West Indies and on the east coast of Canada. He was rated as a midshipman aboard HMS Collingwood on 15 September 1913, and spent three months in the Mediterranean. His fellow officers gave him the nickname "Mr. Johnson". One year after his commission, he began service in the First World War. He was mentioned in despatches for his action as a turret officer aboard Collingwood in the Battle of Jutland (31 May – 1 June 1916), an indecisive engagement with the German navy that was the largest naval action of the war. He did not see further combat, largely because of ill health caused by a duodenal ulcer, for which he had an operation in November 1917.

Q1: Which ship did Alber train on in 1913?
A1: HMS Cumberland
Q2: How many months did Albert spend in the Mediterranean in 1913?
A2: three months
Q3: Which war did Albert serve in?
A3: First World War
Q4: Who gave Albert the nickname of "Mr Johnson"?
A4: fellow officers
Q5: What was the cause of Albert's ill health in 1917?
A5: duodenal ulcer
In February 1918, he was appointed Officer in Charge of Boys at the Royal Naval Air Service's training establishment at Cranwell. With the establishment of the Royal Air Force two months later and the transfer of Cranwell from Navy to Air Force control, he transferred from the Royal Navy to the Royal Air Force. He was appointed Officer Commanding Number 4 Squadron of the Boys' Wing at Cranwell until August 1918, before reporting to the RAF's Cadet School at St Leonards-on-Sea where he completed a fortnight's training and took command of a squadron on the Cadet Wing. He was the first member of the royal family to be certified as a fully qualified pilot. During the closing weeks of the war, he served on the staff of the RAF's Independent Air Force at its headquarters in Nancy, France. Following the disbanding of the Independent Air Force in November 1918, he remained on the Continent for two months as a staff officer with the Royal Air Force until posted back to Britain. He accompanied the Belgian monarch King Albert on his triumphal reentry into Brussels on 22 November. Prince Albert qualified as an RAF pilot on 31 July 1919 and gained a promotion to squadron leader on the following day.

Q1: What position was Albert appointed at Cranwell?
A1: Officer in Charge of Boys at the Royal Naval Air Service
Q2: Which number squadron was Albert appointed commanding officer in 1918?
A2: 4
Q3: What year did Albert become a RAF pilot?
A3: 1919
Q4: Who was the king of Belgium  in 1918?
A4: King Albert
In October 1919, Albert went up to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history, economics and civics for a year. On 4 June 1920, he was created Duke of York, Earl of Inverness and Baron Killarney. He began to take on more royal duties. He represented his father, and toured coal mines, factories, and railyards. Through such visits he acquired the nickname of the "Industrial Prince". His stammer, and his embarrassment over it, together with his tendency to shyness, caused him to appear much less impressive than his older brother, Edward. However, he was physically active and enjoyed playing tennis. He played at Wimbledon in the Men's Doubles with Louis Greig in 1926, losing in the first round. He developed an interest in working conditions, and was President of the Industrial Welfare Society. His series of annual summer camps for boys between 1921 and 1939 brought together boys from different social backgrounds.

Q1: What did Albert study in Trinity College?
A1: history, economics and civics
Q2: What was Albert's nickname as he toured coal mines, factories, and railyards?
A2: Industrial Prince
Q3: Who is Albert's older brother?
A3: Edward
Q4: Which sport was Albert proficient at?
A4: tennis
Q5: Which society was Albert the president of?
A5: Industrial Welfare Society
In a time when royals were expected to marry fellow royals, it was unusual that Albert had a great deal of freedom in choosing a prospective wife. An infatuation with the already-married Australian socialite Sheila, Lady Loughborough, came to an end in April 1920 when the King, with the promise of the dukedom of York, persuaded Albert to stop seeing her. That year, he met for the first time since childhood Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the youngest daughter of the Earl and Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne. He became determined to marry her. She rejected his proposal twice, in 1921 and 1922, reportedly because she was reluctant to make the sacrifices necessary to become a member of the royal family. In the words of Lady Elizabeth's mother, Albert would be "made or marred" by his choice of wife. After a protracted courtship, Elizabeth agreed to marry him.

Q1: Who was Albert infatuated with?
A1: Sheila, Lady Loughborough
Q2: Who was the youngest daughter of Earl and Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne?
A2: Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon
Q3: How many times did Elizabeth reject Albert's proposal?
A3: twice
Q4: Who were royals usually expected to marry?
A4: fellow royals
Because of his stammer, Albert dreaded public speaking. After his closing speech at the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley on 31 October 1925, one which was an ordeal for both him and his listeners, he began to see Lionel Logue, an Australian-born speech therapist. The Duke and Logue practised breathing exercises, and the Duchess rehearsed with him patiently. Subsequently, he was able to speak with less hesitation. With his delivery improved, the Duke opened the new Parliament House in Canberra, Australia, during a tour of the empire in 1927. His journey by sea to Australia, New Zealand and Fiji took him via Jamaica, where Albert played doubles tennis partnered with a black man, which was unusual at the time and taken locally as a display of equality between races.

Q1: Why did Albert fear speaking in public?
A1: his stammer
Q2: Who helped Albert improve in public speaking?
A2: Lionel Logue
Q3: What did Albert play partnered with a black man?
A3: doubles tennis
Q4: What did the Duke open in Australia in 1927?
A4: Parliament House
The Duke and Duchess of York had two children: Elizabeth (called "Lilibet" by the family), and Margaret. The Duke and Duchess and their two daughters lived a relatively sheltered life at their London residence, 145 Piccadilly. They were a close and loving family. One of the few stirs arose when the Canadian Prime Minister, R. B. Bennett, considered the Duke for Governor General of Canada in 1931—a proposal that King George V rejected on the advice of the Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs, J. H. Thomas.

Q1: What was Elizabeth's nickname?
A1: Lilibet
Q2: Who were the Duke and Duchess of York's children?
A2: Elizabeth (called "Lilibet" by the family), and Margaret
Q3: What was the name of Duke of York's London residence?
A3: 145 Piccadilly
Q4: Who advised against the Duke becoming the Governor General of Canada?
A4: J. H. Thomas
Q5: What position did J. H. Thomas hold?
A5: Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs
As Edward was unmarried and had no children, Albert was the heir presumptive to the throne. Less than a year later, on 11 December 1936, Edward VIII abdicated in order to marry his mistress, Wallis Simpson, who was divorced from her first husband and divorcing her second. Edward had been advised by British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin that he could not remain king and marry a divorced woman with two living ex-husbands. Edward chose abdication in preference to abandoning his marriage plans. Thus Albert became king, a position he was reluctant to accept. The day before the abdication, he went to London to see his mother, Queen Mary. He wrote in his diary, "When I told her what had happened, I broke down and sobbed like a child."

Q1: Why was Albert the heir presumptive to the throne?
A1: Edward was unmarried and had no children
Q2: What was wrong with Edward marrying Wallis Simpson?
A2: divorced woman with two living ex-husbands
Q3: What did Edward do to marry Wallis Simpson?
A3: abdication
Q4: Who is Edward's mother?
A4: Queen Mary
Q5: How did Edward react when he became heir to the throne?
A5: broke down and sobbed like a child