romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Each August, Turner Classic Movies suspends its regular schedule for a special month of film marathons called "Summer Under the Stars", which features entire daily schedules devoted to the work of a particular actor, with movies and specials that pertain to the star of the day. In the summer of 2007, the channel debuted "Funday Night at the Movies", a block hosted by actor Tom Kenny (best known as the voice of SpongeBob SquarePants). This summer block featured classic feature films (such as The Wizard of Oz, Sounder, Bringing Up Baby, Singin' in the Rain, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, The Adventures of Robin Hood and 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea) aimed at introducing these movies to new generations of children and their families.

Q1: In what month does the Summer Under the Stars event take place?
A1: August
Q2: Who hosted Funday Night at the Movies?
A2: Tom Kenny
Q3: What character was Tom Kenny best known for portraying?
A3: SpongeBob SquarePants
Q4: In what year did Funday Night at the Movies first appear?
A4: 2007
"Funday Night at the Movies" was replaced in 2008 by "Essentials Jr.", a youth-oriented version of its weekly series The Essentials (originally hosted by actors Abigail Breslin and Chris O'Donnell, then by John Lithgow from 2009 to 2011, and then by Bill Hader starting with the 2011 season), which included such family-themed films as National Velvet, Captains Courageous and Yours, Mine and Ours, as well as more eclectic selections as Sherlock, Jr., The Music Box, Harvey, Mutiny on the Bounty and The Man Who Knew Too Much.

Q1: What series replaced Funday Night at the Movies?
A1: Essentials Jr.
Q2: Along with Chris O'Donnell, who was the original host of Essentials Jr.?
A2: Abigail Breslin
Q3: Who hosted Essentials Jr. between 2009 and 2011?
A3: John Lithgow
Q4: Who began to host Essentials Jr. in 2011?
A4: Bill Hader
Q5: In what year did Essentials Jr. replace Funday Night at the Movies?
A5: 2008
In addition to films, Turner Classic Movies also airs original content, mostly documentaries about classic movie personalities, the world of filmmaking and particularly notable films. An occasional month-long series, Race and Hollywood, showcases films by and about people of non-white races, featuring discussions of how these pictures influenced white people's image of said races, as well as how people of those races viewed themselves. Previous installments have included "Asian Images on Film" in 2008, "Native American Images on Film" in 2010, "Black Images on Film" in 2006 "Latino Images on Film" in 2009 and "Arab Images on Film" in 2011. The network aired the film series Screened Out (which explored the history and depiction of homosexuality in film) in 2007 and Religion on Film (focusing on the role of religion in cinematic works) in 2005. In 2011, TCM debuted a new series entitled AFI's Master Class: The Art of Collaboration.

Q1: In what year did Screened Out appear?
A1: 2007
Q2: What year saw the debut of Religion on Film?
A2: 2005
Q3: What series premiered in 2011?
A3: AFI's Master Class: The Art of Collaboration
Q4: In what year did Arab Images on Film first appear?
A4: 2011
Q5: What was the topic of Screened Out?
A5: history and depiction of homosexuality in film
In December 1994, TCM debuted "TCM Remembers", a tribute to recently deceased notable film personalities (including actors, producers, composers, directors, writers and cinematographers) that occasionally airs during promotional breaks between films. The segments appear in two forms: individual tributes and a longer end-of-year compilation. Following the recent death of an especially famous classic film personality (usually an actor, producer, filmmaker or director), the segment will feature a montage of select shots of the deceased's work. Every December, a longer, more inclusive "TCM Remembers" interstitial is produced that honors all of the noted film personalities who died during the past year, interspersed with scenes from settings such as an abandoned drive-in (2012) or a theatre which is closing down and is being dismantled (2013). Since 2001, the soundtracks for these clipreels have been introspective melodies by indie artists such as Badly Drawn Boy (2007) or Steve Earle (2009).

Q1: In what month and year did TCM Remembers premiere?
A1: December 1994
Q2: Along with individual tributes, what form did TCM Remembers occur in?
A2: end-of-year compilation
Q3: In what month of the year does a longer version of TCM Remembers appear?
A3: December
Q4: In what year did Badly Drawn Boy provide a soundtrack for TCM Remembers?
A4: 2007
Q5: Who provided the soundtrack for the longer TCM Remembers episode in 2009?
A5: Steve Earle
The TCM Vault Collection consists of several different DVD collections of rare classic films that have been licensed, remastered and released by Turner Classic Movies (through corporate sister Warner Home Video). These boxed set releases are of films by notable actors, directors or studios that were previously unreleased on DVD or VHS. The sets often include bonus discs including documentaries and shorts from the TCM library. The initial batch of DVDs are printed in limited quantities and subsequent batches are made-on-demand (MOD).

Q1: Through what company is the TCM Vault Collection released?
A1: Warner Home Video
Q2: What do the TCM Vault Collection bonus discs feature in addition to documentaries?
A2: shorts
Q3: After the initial batch of TCM Vault Collection DVDs are printed, how are they made afterwards?
A3: on-demand
In October 2015, TCM announced the launch of the TCM Wineclub, in which they teamed up with Laithwaite to provide a line of mail-order wines from famous vineyards such as famed writer-director-producer Francis Ford Coppola's winery. Wines are available in 3 month subscriptions, and can be selected as reds, whites, or a mixture of both. From the wines chosen, TCM also includes recommended movies to watch with each, such as a "True Grit" wine, to be paired with the John Wayne film of the same name.

Q1: What month and year saw the introduction of the TCM Wineclub?
A1: October 2015
Q2: Who was TCM's partner in the TCM Wineclub?
A2: Laithwaite
Q3: The winery of what notable director provided wines for TCM Wineclub?
A3: Francis Ford Coppola
Q4: Who starred in True Grit?
A4: John Wayne
Q5: How long do TCM Wineclub subscriptions last?
A5: 3 month
Turner Classic Movies is available in many other countries around the world. In Canada, TCM began to be carried on Shaw Cable and satellite provider Shaw Direct in 2005. Rogers Cable started offering TCM in December 2006 as a free preview for subscribers of its digital cable tier, and was added to its analogue tier in February 2007. While the schedule for the Canadian feed is generally the same as that of the U.S. network, some films are replaced for broadcast in Canada due to rights issues and other reasons. Other versions of TCM are available in Australia, France, Middle East, South Africa, Cyprus, Spain, Asia, Latin America, Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, Ireland and Malta. The UK version operates two channels, including a spinoff called TCM 2.

Q1: What Canadian cable provider first carried Turner Classic Movies?
A1: Shaw Cable
Q2: In what year did Turner Classic Movies appear on Canadian cable television?
A2: 2005
Q3: In what year did Rogers Cable begin to include TCM?
A3: 2006
Q4: What is the name of the TCM spinoff channel operated in the UK?
A4: TCM 2
Q5: In what month and year did Rogers Cable add TCM to its analog broadcasts?
A5: February 2007
Hindu philosophy refers to a group of darśanas (philosophies, world views, teachings) that emerged in ancient India. The mainstream Hindu philosophy includes six systems (ṣaḍdarśana) – Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa and Vedanta. These are also called the Astika (orthodox) philosophical traditions and are those that accept the Vedas as authoritative, important source of knowledge.[note 1][note 2] Ancient and medieval India was also the source of philosophies that share philosophical concepts but rejected the Vedas, and these have been called nāstika (heterodox or non-orthodox) Indian philosophies. Nāstika Indian philosophies include Buddhism, Jainism, Cārvāka, Ājīvika, and others.

Q1: What was the origin of Hindu philosophy?
A1: ancient India
Q2: How many main systems of Hindu philosophy are there?
A2: six
Q3: What are the main orthodox systems of Hindu philosophy called?
A3: Astika
Q4: What is the accepted source of knowledge in the Astika system?
A4: Vedas
Q5: What are the non-orthodox Indian philosophies that do not accept Vedas called?
A5: nāstika
Scholars have debated the relationship and differences within āstika philosophies and with nāstika philosophies, starting with the writings of Indologists and Orientalists of the 18th and 19th centuries, which were themselves derived from limited availability of Indian literature and medieval doxographies. The various sibling traditions included in Hindu philosophies are diverse, and they are united by shared history and concepts, same textual resources, similar ontological and soteriological focus, and cosmology. While Buddhism and Jainism are considered distinct philosophies and religions, some heterodox traditions such as Cārvāka are often considered as distinct schools within Hindu philosophy.

Q1: What have scholars argued about with regards to nastika and astika philosophies?
A1: relationship and differences
Q2: In what centuries the writings of scholars been used to debate the philosophies?
A2: 18th and 19th
Q3: What are Buddhism and Jainism regarded as in relation to religion and philosophy?
A3: distinct
Q4: What are other schools regarded as within Hindu philosophy?
A4: distinct schools
Q5: How available are the sources of knowledge on Indian philosophy?
A5: limited
Hindu philosophy also includes several sub-schools of theistic philosophies that integrate ideas from two or more of the six orthodox philosophies, such as the realism of the Nyāya, the naturalism of the Vaiśeṣika, the dualism of the Sāṅkhya, the monism and knowledge of Self as essential to liberation of Advaita, the self-discipline of yoga and the asceticism and elements of theistic ideas. Examples of such schools include Pāśupata Śaiva, Śaiva siddhānta, Pratyabhijña, Raseśvara and Vaiṣṇava. Some sub-schools share Tantric ideas with those found in some Buddhist traditions. The ideas of these sub-schools are found in the Puranas and Āgamas.

Q1: How many orthodox philosophies are in Hindu?
A1: six
Q2: Which orthodox Hindu philosophy concerns realism?
A2: Nyāya
Q3: What Hindu philosophy is about naturalism?
A3: Vaiśeṣika
Q4: Which Hindu philosophy concerns dualism?
A4: Sāṅkhya
Q5: What Hindu philosophy stresses self knowledge?
A5: Advaita
Ancient and medieval Hindu texts identify six pramāṇas as correct means of accurate knowledge and truths: pratyakṣa (perception), anumāṇa (inference), upamāṇa (comparison and analogy), arthāpatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances), anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof) and śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts) Each of these are further categorized in terms of conditionality, completeness, confidence and possibility of error, by each school . The various schools vary on how many of these six are valid paths of knowledge. For example, the Cārvāka nāstika philosophy holds that only one (perception) is an epistemically reliable means of knowledge, the Samkhya school holds three are (perception, inference and testimony), while the Mīmāṃsā and Advaita schools hold all six are epistemically useful and reliable means to knowledge.

Q1: What do ancient Hindu writings identify as the means to knowledge and truth?
A1: pramāṇas
Q2: How many pramanas are there in Hindu philosophy?
A2: six
Q3: What is the pramanas for perception?
A3: pratyakṣa
Q4: What Hindu philosohy is concerned with inference?
A4: anumāṇa
Q5: Which pramanas is understanding of experts?
A5: śabda
Samkhya school espouses dualism between consciousness and matter. It regards the universe as consisting of two realities; Puruṣa (consciousness) and prakriti (matter). Jiva (a living being) is that state in which puruṣa is bonded to prakriti in some form. This fusion, state the Samkhya scholars, led to the emergence of buddhi (awareness, intellect) and ahankara (individualized ego consciousness, “I-maker”). The universe is described by this school as one created by Purusa-Prakriti entities infused with various permutations and combinations of variously enumerated elements, senses, feelings, activity and mind.

Q1: Which Hindu school stresses dualism between consciousness and matter?
A1: Samkhya
Q2: How does Samkhya view the universe?
A2: two realities
Q3: What is the Samkhya name for consciousness?
A3: Puruṣa
Q4: What is the Samkhya school word for matter?
A4: prakriti
Q5: What does the joining of Purusa and Prakriti produce?
A5: buddhi
Samkhya philosophy includes a theory of gunas (qualities, innate tendencies, psyche). Guna, it states, are of three types: Sattva being good, compassionate, illuminating, positive, and constructive; Rajas guna is one of activity, chaotic, passion, impulsive, potentially good or bad; and Tamas being the quality of darkness, ignorance, destructive, lethargic, negative. Everything, all life forms and human beings, state Samkhya scholars, have these three gunas, but in different proportions. The interplay of these gunas defines the character of someone or something, of nature and determines the progress of life. Samkhya theorises a pluralism of souls (Jeevatmas) who possess consciousness, but denies the existence of Ishvara (God). Classical Samkhya is considered an atheist / non-theistic Hindu philosophy.

Q1: How many types of Guna exist in Hindu philosophy?
A1: three
Q2: Which state of guna is that of compassion, positiveness, and goodness?
A2: Sattva
Q3: Which type of guna is concened with passion and activity?
A3: Rajas
Q4: What is the focus of the guna for negativeness and destruction?
A4: Tamas
Q5: What is the interpretation of classical  of Samkhya?
A5: atheist / non-theistic
In Indian philosophy, Yoga is among other things, the name of one of the six āstika philosophical schools. The Yoga philosophical system is closely allied with the dualism premises of Samkhya school. The Yoga school accepts the Samkhya psychology and metaphysics, but is considered theistic because it accepts the concept of "personal god", unlike Samkhya. The epistemology of the Yoga school, like the Sāmkhya school, relies on three of six prāmaṇas as the means of gaining reliable knowledge: pratyakṣa (perception), anumāṇa (inference) and śabda (āptavacana, word/testimony of reliable sources).

Q1: Of what is yoga a part  in Indian philosophy?
A1: philosophical schools
Q2: To what school of Hindu philosophy is yoga aligned?
A2: Samkhya
Q3: What concept does yoga accept the differentiates it from Samkhya?
A3: personal god
Q4: How many of the six pramanas does yoga accept?
A4: three
Q5: Unlike other schools of Samkhya, what attitude makes yoga different?
A5: theistic
The Yoga school builds on the Samkhya school theory that jñāna (knowledge) is a sufficient means to moksha. It suggests that systematic techniques/practice (personal experimentation) combined with Samkhya's approach to knowledge is the path to moksha. Yoga shares several central ideas with Advaita Vedanta, with the difference that Yoga is a form of experimental mysticism while Advaita Vedanta is a form of monistic personalism. Like Advaita Vedanta, the Yoga school of Hindu philosophy states that liberation/freedom in this life is achievable, and this occurs when an individual fully understands and realizes the equivalence of Atman (soul, self) and Brahman.

Q1: What principle does yoga use from Samkhya?
A1: jñāna
Q2: What is the meaning of jnana?
A2: knowledge
Q3: To what does yoga say personal experimentation and knowledge lead?
A3: moksha
Q4: To what school does yoga share central ideas?
A4: Advaita Vedanta
Q5: What state in life does yoga believe is achievable?
A5: liberation/freedom
The Vaiśeṣika philosophy is a naturalist school; it is a form of atomism in natural philosophy. It postulated that all objects in the physical universe are reducible to paramāṇu (atoms), and one's experiences are derived from the interplay of substance (a function of atoms, their number and their spatial arrangements), quality, activity, commonness, particularity and inherence. Knowledge and liberation was achievable by complete understanding of the world of experience, according to Vaiśeṣika school . The Vaiśeṣika darśana is credited to Kaṇāda Kaśyapa from the second half of the first millennium BCE. The foundational text, the Vaiśeṣika Sūtra, opens as follows,

Q1: What philosophy is a naturalist school?
A1: Vaiśeṣika
Q2: What is the definition of paramanu in Hindu philosophy?
A2: atoms
Q3: When was the Vaisesika darsana  produced?
A3: first millennium BCE
Q4: Who is credited with the Vaisesika darsana?
A4: Kaṇāda Kaśyapa
Q5: By understanding what does Vaisesika school believe one gains knowledge and liberation?
A5: world of experience
Vaiśeṣika metaphysical premises are founded on a form of atomism, that the reality is composed of four substances (earth, water, air, fire). Each of these four are of two types: atomic (paramāṇu) and composite. An atom is, according to Vaiśeṣika scholars, that which is indestructible (anitya), indivisible, and has a special kind of dimension, called “small” (aṇu). A composite, in this philosophy, is defined to be anything which is divisible into atoms. Whatever human beings perceive is composite, while atoms are invisible. The Vaiśeṣikas stated that size, form, truths and everything that human beings experience as a whole is a function of atoms, their number and their spatial arrangements, their guṇa (quality), karma (activity), sāmānya (commonness), viśeṣa (particularity) and amavāya (inherence, inseparable connectedness of everything).

Q1: According to Vaisesika philosophy, how many substances comprise reality?
A1: four
Q2: What are the substances of Vaisesika reality?
A2: earth, water, air, fire
Q3: Of what does Vaisesika philosophy say the things are made ?
A3: atoms
Q4: According to Vaisesika what is divisible into atoms?
A4: composite
Q5: What form are atoms in Vaisesika?
A5: invisible
In its metaphysics, Nyāya school is closer to the Vaiśeṣika school than others. It holds that human suffering results from mistakes/defects produced by activity under wrong knowledge (notions and ignorance). Moksha (liberation), it states, is gained through right knowledge. This premise led Nyāya to concern itself with epistemology, that is the reliable means to gain correct knowledge and to remove wrong notions. False knowledge is not merely ignorance to Naiyayikas, it includes delusion. Correct knowledge is discovering and overcoming one's delusions, and understanding true nature of soul, self and reality. The Nyāya Sūtras begin:

Q1: What school of thought is closest to Vaisesika school?
A1: Nyāya
Q2: What does Nyaya say causes human suffering?
A2: mistakes/defects
Q3: What state is achieved through knowledge?
A3: Moksha
Q4: What is moksha in Hindu philosophy?
A4: liberation
Q5: Besides ignorance, what does false knowledge include in Nyaya?
A5: delusion
The Mīmāṃsā school has several subschools defined by epistemology. The Prābhākara subschool of Mīmāṃsā considered five epistemically reliable means to gaining knowledge: pratyakṣa (perception), anumāṇa (inference), upamāṇa (comparison and analogy), arthāpatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances), and śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts). The Kumārila Bhaṭṭa sub-school of Mīmāṃsā added sixth to its canon of reliable epistemology - anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof).

Q1: How many ways does the Mimamsa separate into subschools?
A1: several
Q2: How many ways does the Prabhakara subschool of Mimamsa say there are to gain knowledge?
A2: five
Q3: How is pratyaksa defined in the Prabhakara subschool?
A3: perception
Q4: What is the word for inference in the Prabhakara subschool?
A4: anumāṇa
Q5: What is comparison and analogy in the Prabhakara school?
A5: upamāṇa
The metaphysics in Mīmāṃsā school consists of both atheistic and theistic doctrines and the school showed little interest in systematic examination of the existence of God. Rather, it held that the soul is eternal omnipresent, inherently active spiritual essence, then focussed on the epistemology and metaphysics of dharma. To them, dharma meant rituals and duties, not devas (gods), because devas existed only in name. The Mīmāṃsākas held that the Vedas are "eternal authorless infallible", that Vedic vidhi (injunctions) and mantras in rituals are prescriptive karya (actions), and the rituals are of primary importance and merit. They considered the Upanishads and other self-knowledge, spirituality-related texts to be of secondary importance, a philosophical view that the Vedanta school disagreed with.

Q1: What type of doctrines are contained in the Mimamsa  school?
A1: atheistic and theistic
Q2: How did the Mimamsa school view the soul?
A2: eternal
Q3: What was the focus of the Mimamsa school of philosophy?
A3: dharma
Q4: How did the Mimamsa school consider dharma?
A4: rituals and duties
Q5: What school disagreed with the principles of the Mimamsa school?
A5: Vedanta school
Mīmāṃsā gave rise to the study of philology and the philosophy of language. While their deep analysis of language and linguistics influenced other schools, their views were not shared by others. Mīmāṃsākas considered the purpose and power of language was to clearly prescribe the proper, correct and right. In contrast, Vedantins extended the scope and value of language as a tool to also describe, develop and derive. Mīmāṃsākas considered orderly, law-driven, procedural life as central purpose and noblest necessity of dharma and society, and divine (theistic) sustenance means to that end. The Mimamsa school was influential and foundational to the Vedanta school, with the difference that Mīmāṃsā school developed and emphasized karmakāṇḍa (that part of the śruti which relates to ceremonial acts and sacrificial rites, the early parts of the Vedas), while the Vedanta school developed and emphasized jñānakāṇḍa (that portion of the Vedas which relates to knowledge of monism, the latter parts of the Vedas).

Q1: To what study did Mimamsa give rise?
A1: philology
Q2: What did the Mimamsa school think that language was meant to describe?
A2: proper, correct and right
Q3: What school thought that language was supposed to be widened to describe and develop?
A3: Vedantins
Q4: What parts of the Vedas did the Mimamsa school emphasize?
A4: early parts
Q5: What sections of the Vedas did the Verdanta school favor?
A5: latter parts
The Vedānta school built upon the teachings of the Upanishads and Brahma Sutras from the first millennium BCE and is the most developed and well-known of the Hindu schools. The epistemology of the Vedantins included, depending on the sub-school, five or six methods as proper and reliable means of gaining any form of knowledge: pratyakṣa (perception), anumāṇa (inference), upamāṇa (comparison and analogy), arthāpatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances), anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof) and śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts). Each of these have been further categorized in terms of conditionality, completeness, confidence and possibility of error, by each sub-school of Vedanta.

Q1: On which sutras did the Vedanta school focus?
A1: Upanishads and Brahma
Q2: In what time did the Vedanta school become active?
A2: first millennium BCE
Q3: Which is the most developed and well known of the Hindu schools?
A3: Vedānta
Q4: How many ways did the Vedantins have of gaining knowledge?
A4: five or six methods
Q5: On what was dependent for the choice of methods in gaining knowledge?
A5: sub-school