romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Metropolitan Kathmandu is divided into five sectors: the Central Sector, the East Sector, the North Sector, the City Core and the West Sector. For civic administration, the city is further divided into 35 administrative wards. The Council administers the Metropolitan area of Kathmandu city through its 177 elected representatives and 20 nominated members. It holds biannual meetings to review, process and approve the annual budget and make major policy decisions. The ward's profile documents for the 35 wards prepared by the Kathmandu Metropolitan Council is detailed and provides information for each ward on population, the structure and condition of houses, the type of roads, educational, health and financial institutions, entertainment facilities, parking space, security provisions, etc. It also includes lists of development projects completed, on-going and planned, along with informative data about the cultural heritage, festivals, historical sites and the local inhabitants. Ward 16 is the largest, with an area of 437.4 ha; ward 26 is the smallest, with an area of 4 ha.

Q1: How many sectors make up the Kathmandu metropolitan area?
A1: five
Q2: What sector of Kathmandu doesn't have the word 'sector' in its name?
A2: City Core
Q3: What is the purpose of Kathmandu being divided into 35 wards?
A3: civic administration
Q4: How many members of the Council received their positions via nomination rather than election?
A4: 20
Q5: How many hectares in size is Kathmandu's ward 26?
A5: 4
The fire service, known as the Barun Yantra Karyalaya, opened its first station in Kathmandu in 1937 with a single vehicle. An iron tower was erected to monitor the city and watch for fire. As a precautionary measure, firemen were sent to the areas which were designated as accident-prone areas. In 1944, the fire service was extended to the neighboring cities of Lalitpur and Bhaktapur. In 1966, a fire service was established in Kathmandu airport. In 1975, a West German government donation added seven fire engines to Kathmandu's fire service. The fire service in the city is also overlooked by an international non-governmental organization, the Firefighters Volunteer Association of Nepal (FAN), which was established in 2000 with the purpose of raising public awareness about fire and improving safety.

Q1: What is Kathmandu's fire department called?
A1: Barun Yantra Karyalaya
Q2: What year saw the founding of Kathmandu's fire department?
A2: 1937
Q3: When did Bhaktapur receive coverage from the fire department?
A3: 1944
Q4: How many fire trucks did West Germany donate to Kathmandu?
A4: seven
Q5: What is the mission of FAN?
A5: raising public awareness about fire and improving safety
Over the years the city has been home to people of various ethnicities, resulting in a range of different traditions and cultural practices. In one decade, the population increased from 427,045 in 1991 to 671,805 in 2001. The population was projected to reach 915,071 in 2011 and 1,319,597 by 2021. To keep up this population growth, the KMC-controlled area of 5,076.6 hectares (12,545 acres) has expanded to 8,214 hectares (20,300 acres) in 2001. With this new area, the population density which was 85 in 1991 is still 85 in 2001; it is likely to jump to 111 in 2011 and 161 in 2021.

Q1: What was the population of Kathmandu in 1991?
A1: 427,045
Q2: About how many people are likely to live in Kathmandu in 2021?
A2: 1,319,597
Q3: How dense was the population of Kathmandu in 1991?
A3: 85
Q4: How many acres of land did the KMC control in 2001?
A4: 20,300
The largest ethnic groups are Newar (29.6%), Matwali (25.1% Sunuwar, Gurung, Magars, Tamang etc.), Khas Brahmins (20.51%) and Chettris (18.5%) . Tamangs originating from surrounding hill districts can be seen in Kathmandu. More recently, other hill ethnic groups and Caste groups from Terai have come to represent a substantial proportion of the city's population. The major languages are Nepali and Nepal Bhasa, while English is understood by many, particularly in the service industry. The major religions are Hinduism and Buddhism.

Q1: What percentage of Kathmandu residents are Chettris?
A1: 18.5
Q2: What is the third largest ethnic group in Kathmandu?
A2: Khas Brahmins
Q3: What are Kathmandu's primary religions?
A3: Hinduism and Buddhism
Q4: What Kathmandu industry is particularly known for its English speakers?
A4: service
Q5: Along with Nepali, what is Kathmandu's main language?
A5: Nepal Bhasa
The ancient trade route between India and Tibet that passed through Kathmandu enabled a fusion of artistic and architectural traditions from other cultures to be amalgamated with local art and architecture. The monuments of Kathmandu City have been influenced over the centuries by Hindu and Buddhist religious practices. The architectural treasure of the Kathmandu valley has been categorized under the well-known seven groups of heritage monuments and buildings. In 2006 UNESCO declared these seven groups of monuments as a World Heritage Site (WHS). The seven monuments zones cover an area of 188.95 hectares (466.9 acres), with the buffer zone extending to 239.34 hectares (591.4 acres). The Seven Monument Zones (Mzs) inscribed originally in 1979 and with a minor modification in 2006 are Durbar squares of Hanuman Dhoka, Patan and Bhaktapur, Hindu temples of Pashupatinath and Changunarayan, the Buddhist stupas of Swayambhu and Boudhanath.

Q1: What religion does Changunarayan belong to?
A1: Hindu
Q2: What Buddhist monuments are present at Boudhanath?
A2: stupas
Q3: How many acres are the Kathmandu valley monument zones?
A3: 466.9
Q4: In hectares, how large is the Kathmandu valley monument buffer zone?
A4: 239.34
Q5: When did the Kathmandu valley monuments receive WHS status?
A5: 2006
The literal meaning of Durbar Square is a "place of palaces". There are three preserved Durbar Squares in Kathmandu valley and one unpreserved in Kirtipur. The Durbar Square of Kathmandu is located in the old city and has heritage buildings representing four kingdoms (Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Kirtipur); the earliest is the Licchavi dynasty. The complex has 50 temples and is distributed in two quadrangles of the Durbar Square. The outer quadrangle has the Kasthamandap, Kumari Ghar, and Shiva-Parvati Temple; the inner quadrangle has the Hanuman Dhoka palace. The squares were severely damaged in the April 2015 Nepal earthquake.

Q1: Where is a Durban Square located that is not preserved?
A1: Kirtipur
Q2: What is the oldest dynasty to be represented with buildings in Kathmandu's Durbar Square?
A2: Licchavi
Q3: How many temples are present in Kathmandu's Durbar Square?
A3: 50
Q4: When did a notable earthquake occur that damaged Kathmandu's Durbar Square?
A4: April 2015
Q5: How many kingdoms have buildings present in the Durbar Square of Kathmandu?
A5: four
Kumari Ghar is a palace in the center of the Kathmandu city, next to the Durbar square where a Royal Kumari selected from several Kumaris resides. Kumari, or Kumari Devi, is the tradition of worshipping young pre-pubescent girls as manifestations of the divine female energy or devi in South Asian countries. In Nepal the selection process is very rigorous. Kumari is believed to be the bodily incarnation of the goddess Taleju (the Nepali name for Durga) until she menstruates, after which it is believed that the goddess vacates her body. Serious illness or a major loss of blood from an injury are also causes for her to revert to common status. The current Royal Kumari, Matina Shakya, age four, was installed in October 2008 by the Maoist government that replaced the monarchy.

Q1: What is Durga called in Nepali?
A1: Taleju
Q2: How long is Kumari believed to incarnate Taleju?
A2: until she menstruates
Q3: Who was the Royal Kumari as of late 2008?
A3: Matina Shakya
Q4: What type of government did Nepal have after the monarchy?
A4: Maoist
The Pashupatinath Temple is a famous 5th century Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva (Pashupati). Located on the banks of the Bagmati River in the eastern part of Kathmandu, Pashupatinath Temple is the oldest Hindu temple in Kathmandu. It served as the seat of national deity, Lord Pashupatinath, until Nepal was secularized. However, a significant part of the temple was destroyed by Mughal invaders in the 14th century and little or nothing remains of the original 5th-century temple exterior. The temple as it stands today was built in the 19th century, although the image of the bull and the black four-headed image of Pashupati are at least 300 years old. The temple is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Shivaratri, or the night of Lord Shiva, is the most important festival that takes place here, attracting thousands of devotees and sadhus.[citation needed]

Q1: When was the Pashupatinath Temple built?
A1: 5th century
Q2: What faith does the Pashupatinath Temple serve?
A2: Hindu
Q3: What is another name for Pashupati?
A3: Lord Shiva
Q4: Prior to the secularization of Nepal, who was the country's national god?
A4: Lord Pashupatinath
Q5: Who damaged the Pashupatinath Temple in the 14th century?
A5: Mughal invaders
Believers in Pashupatinath (mainly Hindus) are allowed to enter the temple premises, but non-Hindu visitors are allowed to view the temple only from the across the Bagmati River. The priests who perform the services at this temple have been Brahmins from Karnataka, South India since the time of Malla king Yaksha Malla. This tradition is believed to have been started at the request of Adi Shankaracharya who sought to unify the states of Bharatam (Unified India) by encouraging cultural exchange. This procedure is followed in other temples around India, which were sanctified by Adi Shankaracharya.

Q1: What people make up the majority of Pashupatinath followers?
A1: Hindus
Q2: In what part of India do the Pashupatinath priests originate?
A2: South
Q3: What dynasty did Yaksha Malla belong to?
A3: Malla
Q4: Who supposedly encouraged the usage of Karnataka Brahmin priests at Pashupatinath Temple?
A4: Adi Shankaracharya
Q5: What is another term for Bharatam?
A5: Unified India
The Boudhanath, (also written Bouddhanath, Bodhnath, Baudhanath or the Khāsa Chaitya), is one of the holiest Buddhist sites in Nepal, along with Swayambhu. It is a very popular tourist site. Boudhanath is known as Khāsti by Newars and as Bauddha or Bodhnāth by speakers of Nepali. Located about 11 km (7 mi) from the center and northeastern outskirts of Kathmandu, the stupa's massive mandala makes it one of the largest spherical stupas in Nepal. Boudhanath became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.

Q1: To what religion is Boudhanath holy?
A1: Buddhist
Q2: What do the Newars call Boudhanath?
A2: Khāsti
Q3: What is Boudhanath called in Nepali?
A3: Bauddha or Bodhnāth
Q4: How far is Boudhanath from Kathmandu in miles?
A4: 7
Q5: When did UNESCO make Boudhanath a World Heritage Site?
A5: 1979
The base of the stupa has 108 small depictions of the Dhyani Buddha Amitabha. It is surrounded with a brick wall with 147 niches, each with four or five prayer wheels engraved with the mantra, om mani padme hum. At the northern entrance where visitors must pass is a shrine dedicated to Ajima, the goddess of smallpox. Every year the stupa attracts many Tibetan Buddhist pilgrims who perform full body prostrations in the inner lower enclosure, walk around the stupa with prayer wheels, chant, and pray. Thousands of prayer flags are hoisted up from the top of the stupa downwards and dot the perimeter of the complex. The influx of many Tibetan refugees from China has seen the construction of over 50 Tibetan gompas (monasteries) around Boudhanath.

Q1: Who is pictured on the stupa's base?
A1: Dhyani Buddha Amitabha
Q2: What is Ajima the deity of?
A2: smallpox
Q3: What are gompas?
A3: monasteries
Q4: Visitors from what faith routinely visit the stupa?
A4: Tibetan Buddhist
Q5: What mantra is engraved on the stupa's prayer wheels?
A5: om mani padme hum
Swayambhu is a Buddhist stupa atop a hillock at the northwestern part of the city. This is among the oldest religious sites in Nepal. Although the site is considered Buddhist, it is revered by both Buddhists and Hindus. The stupa consists of a dome at the base; above the dome, there is a cubic structure with the eyes of Buddha looking in all four directions.[clarification needed] There are pentagonal Toran above each of the four sides, with statues engraved on them. Behind and above the torana there are thirteen tiers. Above all the tiers, there is a small space above which lies a gajur.

Q1: In what part of Kathmandu is Swayambhu located?
A1: northwestern
Q2: What faith does Swayambhu belong to?
A2: Buddhist
Q3: Other than Buddhists, who worships at Swayambhu?
A3: Hindus
Q4: In how many directions does the Buddha of Swayambhu look?
A4: four
Q5: In Swayambhu, what is present in the small area above the tiers?
A5: gajur
Kathmandu valley is described as "an enormous treasure house of art and sculptures", which are made of wood, stone, metal, and terracotta, and found in profusion in temples, shrines, stupas, gompas, chaityasm and palaces. The art objects are also seen in street corners, lanes, private courtyards and in open ground. Most art is in the form of icons of gods and goddesses. Kathmandu valley has had this art treasure for a very long time, but received worldwide recognition only after the country opened to the outside world in 1950.

Q1: Kathmandu valley contains art made of metal, terracotta, wood and what other substance?
A1: stone
Q2: What is the most typical type of art in the Kathmandu valley?
A2: icons
Q3: In what year could Nepal be said to have been discovered by the outside world?
A3: 1950
The religious art of Nepal and Kathmandu in particular consists of an iconic symbolism of the Mother Goddesses such as: Bhavani, Durga, Gaja-Lakshmi, Hariti-Sitala, Mahsishamardini, Saptamatrika (seven mother goddesses), and Sri-Lakshmi(wealth-goddess). From the 3rd century BC, apart from the Hindu gods and goddesses, Buddhist monuments from the Ashokan period (it is said that Ashoka visited Nepal in 250 BC) have embellished Nepal in general and the valley in particular. These art and architectural edifices encompass three major periods of evolution: the Licchavi or classical period (500 to 900 AD), the post-classical period (1000 to 1400 AD), with strong influence of the Palla art form; the Malla period (1400 onwards) that exhibited explicitly tantric influences coupled with the art of Tibetan Demonology.

Q1: What types of deities are Bhavani and Durga?
A1: Mother Goddesses
Q2: What is Sri-Lakshmi a deity of?
A2: wealth
Q3: By tradition, what notable figure came to Nepal 250 years before the birth of Christ?
A3: Ashoka
Q4: When did the Licchavi period end?
A4: 900
Q5: What is another name for the Licchavi period?
A5: classical
Kathmandu is home to a number of museums and art galleries, including the National Museum of Nepal and the Natural History Museum of Nepal. Nepal's art and architecture is an amalgamation of two ancient religions, Hinduism and Buddhhism. These are amply reflected in the many temples, shrines, stupas, monasteries, and palaces in the seven well-defined Monument Zones of the Kathmandu valley are part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This amalgamation is also reflected in the planning and exhibitions in museums and art galleries throughout Kathmandu and its sister cities of Patan and Bhaktapur. The museums display unique artifacts and paintings from the 5th century CE to the present day, including archeological exportation.

Q1: Along with the National Museum of Nepal, what notable Nepalese museum is present in Kathmandu?
A1: Natural History Museum of Nepal
Q2: From what time period are the oldest artifacts in Kathmandu museums?
A2: 5th century
Q3: Along with Buddhism, what religion has had a significant influence on Nepal?
A3: Hinduism
Q4: What Kathmandu valley area was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO?
A4: Monument Zones
Q5: How many Monument Zones are present in the Kathmandu valley?
A5: seven
The National Museum is located in the western part of Kathmandu, near the Swayambhunath stupa in an historical building. This building was constructed in the early 19th century by General Bhimsen Thapa. It is the most important museum in the country, housing an extensive collection of weapons, art and antiquities of historic and cultural importance. The museum was established in 1928 as a collection house of war trophies and weapons, and the initial name of this museum was Chhauni Silkhana, meaning "the stone house of arms and ammunition". Given its focus, the museum contains many weapons, including locally made firearms used in wars, leather cannons from the 18th–19th century, and medieval and modern works in wood, bronze, stone and paintings.

Q1: In what area of Kathmandu is the National Museum?
A1: western
Q2: What stupa is close to the National Museum?
A2: Swayambhunath
Q3: Who built the building that contains the National Museum?
A3: Bhimsen Thapa
Q4: When was the National Museum founded?
A4: 1928
Q5: What does Chhauni Silkhana mean?
A5: the stone house of arms and ammunition
The Tribhuvan Museum contains artifacts related to the King Tribhuvan (1906–1955). It has a variety of pieces including his personal belongings, letters and papers, memorabilia related to events he was involved in and a rare collection of photos and paintings of Royal family members. The Mahendra Museum is dedicated to king Mahendra of Nepal (1920–1972). Like the Tribhuvan Museum, it includes his personal belongings such as decorations, stamps, coins and personal notes and manuscripts, but it also has structural reconstructions of his cabinet room and office chamber. The Hanumandhoka Palace, a lavish medieval palace complex in the Durbar, contains three separate museums of historic importance. These museums include the Birendra museum, which contains items related to the second-last monarch, Birendra of Nepal.

Q1: When did Tribhuvan die?
A1: 1955
Q2: What was the birth year of King Mahendra?
A2: 1920
Q3: How many museums are in the Hanumandhoka Palace?
A3: three
Q4: Who was the penultimate king of Nepal?
A4: Birendra
Q5: During what era was the Hanumandhoka Palace constructed?
A5: medieval
The enclosed compound of the Narayanhity Palace Museum is in the north-central part of Kathmandu. "Narayanhity" comes from Narayana, a form of the Hindu god Lord Vishnu, and Hiti, meaning "water spout" (Vishnu's temple is located opposite the palace, and the water spout is located east of the main entrance to the precinct). Narayanhity was a new palace, in front of the old palace built in 1915, and was built in 1970 in the form of a contemporary Pagoda. It was built on the occasion of the marriage of King Birenda Bir Bikram Shah, then heir apparent to the throne. The southern gate of the palace is at the crossing of Prithvipath and Darbar Marg roads. The palace area covers (30 hectares (74 acres)) and is fully secured with gates on all sides. This palace was the scene of the Nepali royal massacre. After the fall of the monarchy, it was converted to a museum.

Q1: Where in Kathmandu is Narayanhity Palace Museum located?
A1: north-central
Q2: In what year was Narayanhity constructed?
A2: 1970
Q3: Whose marriage led to the construction of Narayanhity?
A3: Birenda Bir Bikram Shah
Q4: How many acres is the Narayanhity Palace?
A4: 74
Q5: What god is Narayana?
A5: Vishnu
The Taragaon Museum presents the modern history of the Kathmandu Valley. It seeks to document 50 years of research and cultural heritage conservation of the Kathmandu Valley, documenting what artists photographers architects anthropologists from abroad had contributed in the second half of the 20th century. The actual structure of the Museum showcases restoration and rehabilitation efforts to preserve the built heritage of Kathmandu. It was designed by Carl Pruscha (master-planner of the Kathmandy Valley ) in 1970 and constructed in 1971. Restoration works began in 2010 to rehabilitate the Taragaon hostel into the Taragaon Museum. The design uses local brick along with modern architectural design elements, as well as the use of circle, triangles and squares. The Museum is within a short walk from the Boudhnath stupa, which itself can be seen from the Museum tower.

Q1: What is the Taragaon Museum dedicated to?
A1: modern history of the Kathmandu Valley
Q2: Who is the designer of the Taragaon Museum?
A2: Carl Pruscha
Q3: In what year was the Taragaon Museum built?
A3: 1971
Q4: What stupa is located close to the Taragaon Museum?
A4: Boudhnath
Q5: What was the Taragaon Museum prior to being a museum?
A5: hostel
Kathmandu is a center for art in Nepal, displaying the work of contemporary artists in the country and also collections of historical artists. Patan in particular is an ancient city noted for its fine arts and crafts. Art in Kathmandu is vibrant, demonstrating a fusion of traditionalism and modern art, derived from a great number of national, Asian, and global influences. Nepali art is commonly divided into two areas: the idealistic traditional painting known as Paubhas in Nepal and perhaps more commonly known as Thangkas in Tibet, closely linked to the country's religious history and on the other hand the contemporary western-style painting, including nature-based compositions or abstract artwork based on Tantric elements and social themes of which painters in Nepal are well noted for. Internationally, the British-based charity, the Kathmandu Contemporary Art Centre is involved with promoting arts in Kathmandu.

Q1: Contemporary Kathmandu art combines traditional influences with what type of art?
A1: modern
Q2: How many types are Nepali works of art typically divided into?
A2: two
Q3: What do the Tibetans call traditional idealistic paintings?
A3: Thangkas
Q4: What UK charity works on behalf of Kathmandu art?
A4: Kathmandu Contemporary Art Centre
Q5: What do the Nepalese call Thangkas?
A5: Paubhas
The Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery, located inside the Bhrikutimandap Exhibition grounds, hosts the work of contemporary painters and sculptors, and regularly organizes exhibitions. It also runs morning and evening classes in the schools of art. Also of note is the Moti Azima Gallery, located in a three storied building in Bhimsenthan which contains an impressive collection of traditional utensils and handmade dolls and items typical of a medieval Newar house, giving an important insight into Nepali history. The J Art Gallery is also located in Kathmandu, near the Royal Palace in Durbarmarg, Kathmandu and displays the artwork of eminent, established Nepali painters. The Nepal Art Council Gallery, located in the Babar Mahal, on the way to Tribhuvan International Airport contains artwork of both national and international artists and extensive halls regularly used for art exhibitions.

Q1: Where can one find the Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery?
A1: Bhrikutimandap Exhibition grounds
Q2: The Moti Azima Gallery contains objects that might be found in a Nepalese house of what time period?
A2: medieval
Q3: What art gallery is located close to the Durbarmarg Royal Palace?
A3: J
Q4: Where can the Nepal Art Council Gallery be found?
A4: Babar Mahal
Q5: In which of Nepal's art galleries can one take an art class?
A5: Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery