romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Each year, nearly $200 million in hunters' federal excise taxes are distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs, the purchase of lands open to hunters, and hunter education and safety classes. Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps, a required purchase for migratory waterfowl hunters over sixteen years old, has raised over $700 million to help purchase more than 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat for the National Wildlife Refuge System lands that support waterfowl and many other wildlife species and are often open to hunting. States also collect money from hunting licenses to assist with management of game animals, as designated by law. A key task of federal and state park rangers and game wardens is to enforce laws and regulations related to hunting, including species protection, hunting seasons, and hunting bans.

Q1: How much money is distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs each year?
A1: $200 million
Q2: How much money has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps raised since 1934?
A2: over $700 million
Q3: How many acres can the money raised from the sale of federal duck stamps help purchase?
A3: 5,200,000 acres
Q4: What do states use some of the money from hunting licenses to assist with?
A4: management of game animals
Q5: What is a key task of state park rangers and game wardens?
A5: to enforce laws and regulations related to hunting
Q6: Who are federal excise taxes are distributed to?
A6: state agencies
Q7: What do the taxes support?
A7: wildlife management programs
Q8: How much has Federal Duck Stamps raised?
A8: $700 million
Q9: What does land has Federal Duck Stamp money helped purchase?
A9: 5,200,000 acres
Q10: Park rangers and game wardens enforce laws and regulations related to what?
A10: hunting
Varmint hunting is an American phrase for the selective killing of non-game animals seen as pests. While not always an efficient form of pest control, varmint hunting achieves selective control of pests while providing recreation and is much less regulated. Varmint species are often responsible for detrimental effects on crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets. Some animals, such as wild rabbits or squirrels, may be utilised for fur or meat, but often no use is made of the carcass. Which species are varmints depends on the circumstance and area. Common varmints may include various rodents, coyotes, crows, foxes, feral cats, and feral hogs. Some animals once considered varmints are now protected, such as wolves. In the US state of Louisiana, a non-native rodent known as a nutria has become so destructive to the local ecosystem that the state has initiated a bounty program to help control the population.

Q1: What is varmint hunting an American phrase for?
A1: selective killing of non-game animals seen as pests
Q2: What does varmint hunting achieve?
A2: selective control of pests
Q3: What detrimental effects are varmint species often responsible for visiting on?
A3: crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets.
Q4: Where has a non-native rodent known as a nutria become very destructive?
A4: Louisiana
Q5: What has the state of Louisiana done to combat the nutria?
A5: initiated a bounty program
Q6: What is phrased for selective killing of non-game animals.
A6: Varmint hunting
Q7: What was once considered a varmint but is now protected?
A7: wolves
Q8: What is the non-native varmint of Louisiana?
A8: nutria
Q9: What did Louisiana initiate to control the varmint population?
A9: bounty program
When Internet hunting was introduced in 2005, allowing people to hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns, the practice was widely criticised by hunters as violating the principles of fair chase. As a representative of the National Rifle Association (NRA) explained, "The NRA has always maintained that fair chase, being in the field with your firearm or bow, is an important element of hunting tradition. Sitting at your desk in front of your computer, clicking at a mouse, has nothing to do with hunting."

Q1: When was internet hunting introduced?
A1: 2005
Q2: How did Internet hunting allow people to hunt?
A2: using remotely controlled guns
Q3: Who criticized the practice of Internet hunting?
A3: hunters
Q4: What did hunters feel hunting over the Internet violated?
A4: principles of fair chase
Q5: What has the NRA always maintained that being in the field with your firearm is?
A5: an important element of hunting tradition
Q6: What allows people to hunt over the internet?
A6: Internet hunting
Q7: When was this type of hunting introduced?
A7: 2005
Q8: How is this type of hunting done?
A8: hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns
Q9: What was the principle was this type of hunting said to violate?
A9: fair chase
Q10: Who spoke on this violation?
A10: National Rifle Association (NRA)
Hunting is claimed to give resource managers an important tool in managing populations that might exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat and threaten the well-being of other species, or, in some instances, damage human health or safety.[citation needed] However, in most circumstances carrying capacity is determined by a combination habitat and food availability, and hunting for 'population control' has no effect on the annual population of species.[citation needed] In some cases, it can increase the population of predators such as coyotes by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established, resulting in excess neighbouring migrations into an area, thus artificially increasing the population. Hunting advocates[who?] assert that hunting reduces intraspecific competition for food and shelter, reducing mortality among the remaining animals. Some environmentalists assert[who?] that (re)introducing predators would achieve the same end with greater efficiency and less negative effect, such as introducing significant amounts of free lead into the environment and food chain.

Q1: What does hunting give resource managers an important tool?
A1: managing populations
Q2: What is carrying capacity in most circumstances determined by?
A2: combination habitat and food availability,
Q3: What do some environmentalists assert reintroducing predators would achieve?
A3: same end
Q4: How is hunting an important tool for resource managers?
A4: managing populations
Q5: What happens if a population exceeds the carrying capacity of their habitat?
A5: threaten the well-being of other species
Q6: How can hunting actually increase the population of predators?
A6: by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established
Q7: What do some hunting advocates assert that is indirectly reduced among animals when intraspecific competition has been reduced?
A7: mortality
Q8: What would environmentalists have done, instead of hunting?
A8: (re)introducing predators
Q9: What is an important tool in managing populations?
A9: Hunting
Q10: What is carrying capacity determined by?
A10: combination habitat and food availability
Q11: What can it increase the population of?
A11: predators
In the 19th century, southern and central European sport hunters often pursued game only for a trophy, usually the head or pelt of an animal, which was then displayed as a sign of prowess. The rest of the animal was typically discarded. Some cultures, however, disapprove of such waste. In Nordic countries, hunting for trophies was—and still is—frowned upon. Hunting in North America in the 19th century was done primarily as a way to supplement food supplies, although it is now undertaken mainly for sport.[citation needed] The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies. In modern times, trophy hunting persists and is a significant industry in some areas.[citation needed]

Q1: What did sport hunters in the 19th century purse game for?
A1: trophy
Q2: What was the head of an animal displayed as?
A2: sign of prowess
Q3: What happened to the rest of the animal?
A3: s typically discarded
Q4: What did some churches disapprove of?
A4: such waste
Q5: What countries frowned upon this hunting?
A5: Nordic
Q6: What was the only goal for many European sport hunters in the 19th century?
A6: a trophy
Q7: What types of trophies would hunters keep as trophies to be displayed as a sign of their prowess?
A7: the head or pelt of an animal
Q8: In what countries was the hunting for trophies frowned upon, back in the day and in modern times?
A8: Nordic
Q9: What was hunting in North American in the 19th century used to supplement?
A9: food supplies
Q10: What destinations did sport hunting see elaborate travel to in the pursuit of trophies?
A10: Africa, India and other places
Q11: What century was game hunted as a trophy?
A11: 19th
Q12: What countries is trophy hunting frowned upon?
A12: Nordic
Q13: What did North America primarily hunt for?
A13: food supplies
Q14: What sport of hunting is in Africa?
A14: safari method
A scientific study in the journal, Biological Conservation, states that trophy hunting is of "major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism." However, another study states that less than 3% of a trophy hunters' expenditures reach the local level, meaning that the economic incentive and benefit is "minimal, particularly when we consider the vast areas of land that hunting concessions occupy."

Q1: What Continent did the biological Conservation state trophy hunting is of major importance to the conservation of?
A1: Africa
Q2: What does hunting create economic incentives for?
A2: conservation
Q3: What did another study show that less than 3% of reached the local level?
A3: expenditures
Q4: What type of studies does the Biological Conservation journal publish?
A4: scientific
Q5: Why is trophy hunting important to conservation in Africa?
A5: creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas
Q6: Trophy hunting can include areas which would likely be unsuitable for what other types of ecotourism?
A6: photographic
Q7: How much of a trophy hunters' expenditures actually reach the local level, according to another study?
A7: less than 3%
Q8: What thus is the level of economic incentive and benefit?
A8: minimal
Q9: What is of major importance in Africa?
A9: trophy hunting
Q10: What does trophy hunting create in Africa?
A10: economic incentives for conservation
Q11: How much of trophy hunters expenditures actually reach the local level?
A11: less than 3%
A variety of industries benefit from hunting and support hunting on economic grounds. In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation, the average safari hunter generally stays in tented camps. Safari hunters are also more likely to use remote areas, uninviting to the typical ecotourist. Advocates argue that these hunters allow for anti-poaching activities and revenue for local communities.[citation needed]

Q1: What do a variety of industries benefit from?
A1: hunting
Q2: Where is it estimated that a hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist?
A2: Tanzania
Q3: Where does the average safari hunter stay in?
A3: tented camps
Q4: Advocates argue these hunters allow for what type of activities?
A4: anti-poaching
Q5: What do a variety of industries obtain benefit from?
A5: hunting
Q6: In what country is it estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times what an average ecotourist does?
A6: Tanzania
Q7: What type of accommodations does the average photographer touring Tanzania seek?
A7: luxury
Q8: Where does the typical safari hunter hang his hat at night?
A8: in tented camps
Q9: Where can safari hunters go which are uninviting to the less hardcore ecotourist?
A9: remote areas
Q10: How much does a safari hunter spend compared to an average ecotourist?
A10: fifty to one hundred times
Q11: What does the photo tourist seek?
A11: luxury accommodation
Q12: Where does a safari hunter usually stay?
A12: tented camps
Q13: What hunters allow for anti-poaching activities?
A13: Safari hunters
Hunting also has a significant financial impact in the United States, with many companies specialising in hunting equipment or speciality tourism. Many different technologies have been created to assist hunters, even including iPhone applications. Today's hunters come from a broad range of economic, social, and cultural backgrounds. In 2001, over thirteen million hunters averaged eighteen days hunting, and spent over $20.5 billion on their sport.[citation needed] In the US, proceeds from hunting licenses contribute to state game management programs, including preservation of wildlife habitat.

Q1: Hunting has significant financial impact in what country?
A1: the United States
Q2: What do many companies specialize in apropos to hunting?
A2: equipment or speciality tourism
Q3: "There's an app for that!",  what have been different technologies been created to do?
A3: assist hunters
Q4: What broad range of backgrounds do today's hunters come from?
A4: economic, social, and cultural
Q5: How much money did the thirteen million hunters spend on their sport in 2001?
A5: over $20.5 billion
Q6: What type of financial impact does hunting have on the U.S.?
A6: significant financial impact
Q7: What has been developed in the U.S. to help hunters?
A7: different technologies
Q8: One technology that is available for hunters in the U.S. is?
A8: iPhone applications
Q9: How much did hunters spend in 2001?
A9: over $20.5 billion
Q10: What do the proceeds from hunting assist with?
A10: preservation of wildlife habitat
However, excessive hunting and poachers have also contributed heavily to the endangerment, extirpation and extinction of many animals, such as the quagga, the great auk, Steller's sea cow, the thylacine, the bluebuck, the Arabian oryx, the Caspian and Javan tigers, the markhor, the Sumatran rhinoceros, the bison, the North American cougar, the Altai argali sheep, the Asian elephant and many more, primarily for commercial sale or sport. All these animals have been hunted to endangerment or extinction.

Q1: What has excessive hunting contributed heavily to?
A1: the endangerment, extirpation and extinction of many animals
Q2: What do Steller's sea cow, the bluebuck, and the Javan tigers all have in common?
A2: extinction
Q3: Why have poachers killed endangered animals?
A3: primarily for commercial sale or sport.
Q4: How have the North American cougar and Asian elephant been hunted?
A4: to endangerment or extinction
Q5: How is excessive hunting related to the extinction of species?
A5: contributed heavily
Q6: What contributes to endangerment?
A6: excessive hunting
Q7: What have poachers contributed to hunting?
A7: endangerment
On 16 March 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, which requires an annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen. The stamps are created on behalf of the program by the US Postal Service and depict wildlife artwork chosen through an annual contest. They play an important role in habitat conservation because ninety-eight percent of all funds generated by their sale go directly toward the purchase or lease of wetland habitat for protection in the National Wildlife Refuge System.[citation needed] In addition to waterfowl, it is estimated that one third of the nation's endangered species seek food and shelter in areas protected using Duck Stamp funds.[citation needed]

Q1: Who signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act?
A1: President Franklin D. Roosevelt
Q2: When did Roosevelt sign the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act?
A2: 16 March 1934
Q3: What does the Act require all hunters over the age of sixteen to do?
A3: an annual stamp purchase
Q4: What do 98% of all the funds generated by the stamp sales go to?
A4: the purchase or lease of wetland habitat
Q5: How much of the nation's endangered species is it estimated benefits from the protection afford by the Duck Stamp funds?
A5: one third
Q6: What act was signed in 1934?
A6: Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act
Q7: What President signed this act?
A7: Franklin D. Roosevelt
Q8: What is the requirement of the act?
A8: annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen
Q9: What do the stamps depict?
A9: wildlife artwork
Q10: What percentage of the endangered species seek food and shelter in areas protected using Duck Stamp Funds.
A10: one third
Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps has generated $670 million, and helped to purchase or lease 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat. The stamps serve as a license to hunt migratory birds, an entrance pass for all National Wildlife Refuge areas, and are also considered collectors items often purchased for aesthetic reasons outside of the hunting and birding communities. Although non-hunters buy a significant number of Duck Stamps, eighty-seven percent of their sales are contributed by hunters, which is logical, as hunters are required to purchase them. Distribution of funds is managed by the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC).

Q1: How much money has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps generated since 1934?
A1: $670 million
Q2: How many acres has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps helped to purchase or lease since 1934?
A2: 5,200,000 acres
Q3: What do the stamps give the purchaser a license to do?
A3: hunt migratory birds
Q4: Who accounts for eighty-seven percent of the sale of duck stamps?
A4: hunters
Q5: Who manages the distribution of the funds obtained by the sale of the stamps?
A5: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission
Q6: How much money has been generated due to the Duck Stamp act?
A6: $670 million
Q7: How much land has the Duck Stamp Act help purchase?
A7: 5,200,000 acres
Q8: What do the Duck Stamps serve as?
A8: license to hunt migratory birds
Q9: What percent of sales are contributed by hunters?
A9: eighty-seven
Q10: Who manages distribution of funds?
A10: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC)
The Arabian oryx, a species of large antelope, once inhabited much of the desert areas of the Middle East. However, the species' striking appearance made it (along with the closely related scimitar-horned oryx and addax) a popular quarry for sport hunters, especially foreign executives of oil companies working in the region.[citation needed] The use of automobiles and high-powered rifles destroyed their only advantage: speed, and they became extinct in the wild exclusively due to sport hunting in 1972. The scimitar-horned oryx followed suit, while the addax became critically endangered. However, the Arabian oryx has now made a comeback and been upgraded from “extinct in the wild” to “vulnerable” due to conservation efforts like captive breeding

Q1: What large species of antelope once made its home in the desert areas of the Middle East?
A1: The Arabian oryx
Q2: Why did sport hunters find the Arabian oryx to be a worthwhile quarry to hunt?
A2: the species' striking appearance
Q3: When did the Arabian oryx become extinct in the wild due to sport hunting?
A3: 1972
Q4: How did hunters obliterate the advantage bestowed upon the oryx by evolution?
A4: use of automobiles and high-powered rifles
Q5: What animal has made a miraculous comeback and been upgraded from "extinct in the wild" to "vulnerable"?
A5: Arabian oryx
Q6: What is a species of large antelope?
A6: Arabian oryx
Q7: What did the large antelope species once inhabit?
A7: much of the desert areas of the Middle East
Q8: What destroyed the Arabian oryx only advantage of speed.
A8: automobiles and high-powered rifles
Q9: When did the Arabian oryx become extinct?
A9: 1972
Q10: What contributed to the Arabian oryx rise from extinct to vulnerable?
A10: conservation efforts
The American bison is a large bovid which inhabited much of western North America prior to the 1800s, living on the prairies in large herds. However, the vast herds of bison attracted market hunters, who killed dozens of bison for their hides only, leaving the rest to rot. Thousands of these hunters quickly eliminated the bison herds, bringing the population from several million in the early 1800s to a few hundred by the 1880s. Conservation efforts have allowed the population to increase, but the bison remains near-threatened.

Q1: What type of creature is the American bison?
A1: a large bovid
Q2: What did the American bison inhabit much of prior to the 1800s?
A2: western North America
Q3: What did market hunters leave the parts of the bison they didn't need to do?
A3: rot
Q4: What was the population of bison herds around prior to being eliminated by thousands of market hunters?
A4: several million
Q5: What is the current status of bison?
A5: near-threatened
Q6: What did large herds of bison attract?
A6: market hunters
Q7: What part of North America did the bison live?
A7: western
Q8: Why were the bison killed?
A8: for their hides
Q9: What did hunter do with the rest of the bison?
A9: leaving the rest to rot
Q10: What do bison still remain?
A10: near-threatened
In contrast, Botswana has recently been forced to ban trophy hunting following a precipitous wildlife decline. The numbers of antelope plummeted across Botswana, with a resultant decline in predator numbers, while elephant numbers remained stable and hippopotamus numbers rose. According to the government of Botswana, trophy hunting is at least partly to blame for this, but many other factors, such as poaching, drought and habitat loss are also to blame. Uganda recently did the same, arguing that "the share of benefits of sport hunting were lopsided and unlikely to deter poaching or improve [Uganda's] capacity to manage the wildlife reserves."

Q1: Why has Botswana been forced to ban trophy hunting altogether?
A1: a precipitous wildlife decline
Q2: What plummeting numbers of this species caused a decline in predator numbers?
A2: antelope
Q3: What species saw its numbers rising while elephant numbers remained stable?
A3: hippopotamus
Q4: What factors other than trophy hunting are responsible for the decline of wildlife in Botswana?
A4: poaching, drought and habitat loss
Q5: What other African country has also recently banned trophy hunting?
A5: Uganda
Q6: What Botswana was resently forced to do?
A6: ban trophy hunting
Q7: What animal declined across Botswana?
A7: antelope
Q8: What animal numbers have increased in Botswana?
A8: hippopotamus
Q9: What animal numbers remain stable in Botswana?
A9: elephant
Q10: What else is partly to blame for the declining number of animals in Botswana and Uganda?
A10: poaching
Kathmandu(/ˌkɑːtmɑːnˈduː/; Nepali pronunciation: [kɑʈʰmɑɳɖu]) is the capital and largest municipality of Nepal. It also hosts the headquarters of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It is the only city of Nepal with the administrative status of Mahanagar (Metropolitan City), as compared to Upa-Mahanagar (Sub-Metropolitan City) or Nagar (City). Kathmandu is the core of Nepal's largest urban agglomeration located in the Kathmandu Valley consisting of Lalitpur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi, Bhaktapur and a number of smaller communities. Kathmandu is also known informally as "KTM" or the "tri-city". According to the 2011 census, Kathmandu Metropolitan City has a population of 975,453 and measures 49.45 km2 (19.09 sq mi).

Q1: What country is Kathmandu the capital of?
A1: Nepal
Q2: What does Upa-Mahanagar mean in English?
A2: Sub-Metropolitan City
Q3: Along with "KTM," what is another nickname of Kathmandu?
A3: tri-city
Q4: How many people lived in Kathmandu in 2011?
A4: 975,453
Q5: How many square kilometers in size is Kathmandu?
A5: 49.45