romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
In the United Kingdom, a bill is presented for royal assent after it has passed all the required stages in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Under the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949, the House of Commons may, under certain circumstances, direct that a bill be presented for assent despite lack of passage by the House of Lords. Officially, assent is granted by the sovereign or by Lords Commissioners authorised to act by letters patent. It may be granted in parliament or outside parliament; in the latter case, each house must be separately notified before the bill takes effect.

Q1: Which Houses in the UK must approve a bill before it is assented?
A1: House of Commons and the House of Lords
Q2: Which Parliamentary Acts allow a bill to be presented for assent even after the House of Lords has refused it?
A2: Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949
Q3: Who can be authorized to grant assent by letters patent?
A3: the sovereign or by Lords Commissioners
The Clerk of the Parliaments, an official of the House of Lords, traditionally states a formula in Anglo-Norman Law French, indicating the sovereign's decision. The granting of royal assent to a supply bill is indicated with the words "La Reyne remercie ses bons sujets, accepte leur benevolence, et ainsi le veult", translated as "The Queen thanks her good subjects, accepts their bounty, and wills it so." For other public or private bills, the formula is simply "La Reyne le veult" ("the Queen wills it"). For personal bills, the phrase is "Soit fait comme il est désiré" ("let it be as it is desired"). The appropriate formula for withholding assent is the euphemistic "La Reyne s'avisera" ("the Queen will consider it"). When the sovereign is male, Le Roy is substituted for La Reyne.

Q1: In what language does the Clerk of the Parliaments announce Parliament's decision?
A1: Anglo-Norman Law French
Q2: What words in Anglo-Norman Law French announce a granted assent?
A2: "La Reyne remercie ses bons sujets, accepte leur benevolence, et ainsi le veult"
Q3: What is the shortened version of the notification of assent?
A3: "La Reyne le veult"
Q4: What phrase is used to announce a withheld assent?
A4: "La Reyne s'avisera"
Before the reign of Henry VIII, the sovereign always granted his or her assent in person. The sovereign, wearing the Imperial State Crown, would be seated on the throne in the Lords chamber, surrounded by heralds and members of the royal court—a scene that nowadays is repeated only at the annual State Opening of Parliament. The Commons, led by their speaker, would listen from the Bar of the Lords, just outside the chamber. The Clerk of the Parliaments presented the bills awaiting assent to the monarch, save that supply bills were traditionally brought up by the speaker. The Clerk of the Crown, standing on the sovereign's right, then read aloud the titles of the bills (in earlier times, the entire text of the bills). The Clerk of the Parliaments, standing on the sovereign's left, responded by stating the appropriate Norman French formula.

Q1: When assention was formally granted in person, who read the titles of the bills?
A1: The Clerk of the Crown
Q2: What job did the Clerk of the Parliaments have during assention notifications?
A2: stating the appropriate Norman French formula
Q3: Before whose reign was assent always granted in person?
A3: Henry VIII
Q4: Nowadays, when is the only time a formal assention ceremony occurs?
A4: the annual State Opening of Parliament
Q5: On which side of the soverign does the Clerk of the Crown stand?
A5: right
A new device for granting assent was created during the reign of King Henry VIII. In 1542, Henry sought to execute his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, whom he accused of committing adultery; the execution was to be authorised not after a trial but by a bill of attainder, to which he would have to personally assent after listening to the entire text. Henry decided that "the repetition of so grievous a Story and the recital of so infamous a crime" in his presence "might reopen a Wound already closing in the Royal Bosom". Therefore, parliament inserted a clause into the Act of Attainder, providing that assent granted by Commissioners "is and ever was and ever shall be, as good" as assent granted by the sovereign personally. The procedure was used only five times during the 16th century, but more often during the 17th and 18th centuries, especially when George III's health began to deteriorate. Queen Victoria became the last monarch to personally grant assent in 1854.

Q1: Why did Henry VIII wish to execute his fifth wife?
A1: committing adultery
Q2: What was Henry VIII trying to avoid by creating a new procedure for granting assent?
A2: listening to the entire text
Q3: How many times in the 16th century was assent granted by Commissioners?
A3: five
Q4: Who was the last monarch to grant assent personally?
A4: Queen Victoria
When granting assent by commission, the sovereign authorises three or more (normally five) lords who are Privy Counsellors to grant assent in his or her name. The Lords Commissioners, as the monarch's representatives are known, wear scarlet parliamentary robes and sit on a bench between the throne and the Woolsack. The Lords Reading Clerk reads the commission aloud; the senior commissioner then states, "My Lords, in obedience to Her Majesty's Commands, and by virtue of the Commission which has been now read, We do declare and notify to you, the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons in Parliament assembled, that Her Majesty has given Her Royal Assent to the several Acts in the Commission mentioned."

Q1: How many lords are usually present during assent by Commissioner?
A1: five
Q2: What do the Lords Commissioners wear to a ceremony of assent?
A2: scarlet parliamentary robes
Q3: Which commissioner reads the formal closing statement to the assention ceremony?
A3: the senior
Q4: Which position reads the commisssion aloud during tthe ceremony?
A4: The Lords Reading Clerk
During the 1960s, the ceremony of assenting by commission was discontinued and is now only employed once a year, at the end of the annual parliamentary session. In 1960, the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod arrived to summon the House of Commons during a heated debate and several members protested against the disruption by refusing to attend the ceremony. The debacle was repeated in 1965; this time, when the Speaker left the chair to go to the House of Lords, some members continued to make speeches. As a result, the Royal Assent Act 1967 was passed, creating an additional form for the granting of royal assent. As the attorney-general explained, "there has been a good deal of resentment not only at the loss of Parliamentary time that has been involved but at the breaking of the thread of a possibly eloquent speech and the disruption of a debate that may be caused." The granting of assent by the monarch in person, or by commission, is still possible, but this third form is used on a day-to-day basis.

Q1: During which decade was assention by commission discontinued?
A1: the 1960s
Q2: When does assention by commission occur today?
A2: once a year, at the end of the annual parliamentary session
Q3: In whatear did several members refuse to attend the assention ceremony after a heated debate?
A3: 1960
Q4: What was passed in reference to the discord in 1960 and 1965 during assention cremonies?
A4: Royal Assent Act 1967
Under the Royal Assent Act 1967, royal assent can be granted by the sovereign in writing, by means of letters patent, that are presented to the presiding officer of each house of parliament. Then, the presiding officer makes a formal, but simple statement to the house, acquainting each house that royal assent has been granted to the acts mentioned. Thus, unlike the granting of royal assent by the monarch in person or by Royal Commissioners, the method created by the Royal Assent Act 1967 does not require both houses to meet jointly for the purpose of receiving the notice of royal assent. The standard text of the letters patent is set out in The Crown Office (Forms and Proclamations Rules) Order 1992, with minor amendments in 2000. In practice this remains the standard method, a fact that is belied by the wording of the letters patent for the appointment of the Royal Commissioners and by the wording of the letters patent for the granting of royal assent in writing under the 1967 Act ("... And forasmuch as We cannot at this time be present in the Higher House of Our said Parliament being the accustomed place for giving Our Royal Assent...").

Q1: What is unique about the method used for assention allowed by the Royal Assent Act 1967?
A1: does not require both houses to meet jointly
Q2: How is assent granted under the Royal Assent Act 1967?
A2: by the sovereign in writing, by means of letters patent, that are presented to the presiding officer of each house of parliament
Q3: Which document formats the letters patent?
A3: The Crown Office (Forms and Proclamations Rules) Order 1992
Q4: In which year were minor amendments made to the Crown Office Order?
A4: 2000
When the act is assented to by the sovereign in person, or by empowered Royal Commissioners, royal assent is considered given at the moment when the assent is declared in the presence of both houses jointly assembled. When the procedure created by the Royal Assent Act 1967 is followed, assent is considered granted when the presiding officers of both houses, having received the letters patent from the king or queen signifying the assent, have notified their respective house of the grant of royal assent. Thus, if each presiding officer makes the announcement at a different time (for instance because one house is not sitting on a certain date), assent is regarded as effective when the second announcement is made. This is important because, under British Law, unless there is any provision to the contrary, an act takes effect on the date on which it receives royal assent and that date is not regarded as being the date when the letters patent are signed, or when they are delivered to the presiding officers of each house, but the date on which both houses have been formally acquainted of the assent.

Q1: When assent is granted in person, when is it formally considered final?
A1: when the assent is declared in the presence of both houses jointly assembled
Q2: An assent is considered granted when applying the Royal Assent Act 1967 when both presiding officers have done what?
A2: notified their respective house of the grant of royal assent
Q3: When is assent effective if the presiding officers inform their houses at different times?
A3: when the second announcement is made
Independently of the method used to signify royal assent, it is the responsibility of the Clerk of the Parliaments, once the assent has been duly notified to both houses, not only to endorse the act in the name of the monarch with the formal Norman French formula, but to certify that assent has been granted. The clerk signs one authentic copy of the bill and inserts the date (in English) on which the assent was notified to the two houses after the title of the act. When an act is published, the signature of the clerk is omitted, as is the Norman French formula, should the endorsement have been made in writing. However, the date on which the assent was notified is printed in brackets.

Q1: Whose responsibility is it to assure that assent has been granted?
A1: Clerk of the Parliaments
Q2: What is omitted when an act is published?
A2: signature of the clerk is omitted, as is the Norman French formula
Q3: Who writes the formal Norman French formula on passed acts?
A3: Clerk of the Parliaments
In Australia, the formal ceremony of granting assent in parliament has not been regularly used since the early 20th century. Now, the bill is sent to the governor-general's residence by the house in which it originated. The governor-general then signs the bill, sending messages to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, who notify their respective houses of the governor-general's action. A similar practice is followed in New Zealand, where the governor-general has not personally granted the Royal Assent in parliament since 1875.

Q1: In what year did the New Zealand governor-general last personally grant the royal assent in parliament?
A1: 1875
Q2: Which country has not used the formal assention ceremony since the early 20th century?
A2: Australia
Q3: Who are the leaders of each house given the responsibility of informing their group of the governor-generals actions?
A3: President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives
In Canada, the traditional ceremony for granting assent in parliament was regularly used until the 21st century, long after it had been discontinued in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms. One result, conceived as part of a string of royal duties intended to demonstrate Canada's status as an independent kingdom, was that King George VI personally assented to nine bills of the Canadian parliament during the 1939 royal tour of Canada—85 years after his great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, had last granted royal assent personally in the United Kingdom. Under the Royal Assent Act 2002, however, the alternative practice of granting assent in writing, with each house being notified separately ( the Speaker of the Senate or a representative reads to the senators the letters from the governor general regarding the written declaration of Royal Assent), was brought into force. As the act also provides, royal assent is to be signified—by the governor general, or, more often, by a deputy, usually a Justice of the Supreme Court, at least twice each calendar year: for the first appropriation measure and for at least one other act, usually the first non-appropriation measure passed. However, the act provides that a grant of royal assent is not rendered invalid by a failure to employ the traditional ceremony where required.

Q1: When did Canada finally cease to use the traditional ceremony for granting assent as regular practice?
A1: the 21st century
Q2: Why was King George VI's personal assent in 1939 noteworthy?
A2: 85 years after his great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, had last granted royal assent personally
Q3: With what bill in Canada did granting assent by writing become effective?
A3: Royal Assent Act 2002
The Royal Assent ceremony takes place in the Senate, as the sovereign is traditionally barred from the House of Commons. On the day of the event, the Speaker of the Senate will read to the chamber a notice from the secretary to the governor general indicating when the viceroy or a deputy thereof will arrive. The Senate thereafter cannot adjourn until after the ceremony. The speaker moves to sit beside the throne, the Mace Bearer, with mace in hand, stands adjacent to him or her, and the governor general enters to take the speaker's chair. The Usher of the Black Rod is then commanded by the speaker to summon the Members of Parliament, who follow Black Rod back to the Senate, the Sergeant-at-Arms carrying the mace of the House of Commons. In the Senate, those from the commons stand behind the bar, while Black Rod proceeds to stand next to the governor general, who then nods his or her head to signify Royal Assent to the presented bills (which do not include appropriations bills). Once the list of bills is complete, the Clerk of the Senate states: "in Her Majesty's name, His [or Her] Excellency the Governor General [or the deputy] doth assent to these bills." If there are any appropriation bills to receive Royal Assent, the Speaker of the House of Commons will read their titles and the Senate clerk repeats them to the governor general, who nods his or her head to communicate Royal Assent. When these bills have all been assented to, the Clerk of the Senate recites "in Her Majesty's name, His [or Her] Excellency the Governor General [or the deputy] thanks her loyal subjects, accepts their benevolence and assents to these bills. The governor general or his or her deputy then depart parliament.

Q1: From where is the sovereign typically forbidden?
A1: House of Commons
Q2: Whose job is it to release parliament after the ceremony?
A2: The governor general or his or her deputy
Q3: Who reads the formal statement after the list of bills has been finished?
A3: Clerk of the Senate
Q4: Which position nods their head to signify assention?
A4: governor general
In Belgium, the sanction royale has the same legal effect as royal assent; the Belgian constitution requires a theoretically possible refusal of royal sanction to be countersigned—as any other act of the monarch—by a minister responsible before the House of Representatives. The monarch promulgates the law, meaning that he or she formally orders that the law be officially published and executed. In 1990, when King Baudouin advised his cabinet he could not, in conscience, sign a bill decriminalising abortion (a refusal patently not covered by a responsible minister), the Council of Ministers, at the King's own request, declared Baudouin incapable of exercising his powers. In accordance with the Belgian constitution, upon the declaration of the sovereign's incapacity, the Council of Ministers assumed the powers of the head of state until parliament could rule on the King's incapacity and appoint a regent. The bill was then assented to by all members of the Council of Ministers "on behalf of the Belgian People". In a joint meeting, both houses of parliament declared the King capable of exercising his powers again the next day.

Q1: What is royal assent called in Belgium?
A1: sanction royale
Q2: Who declared the monarch incapable of acting upon an abortion decriminalization bill in 1990?
A2: Council of Ministers
Q3: Which King refused to sign an abortion decriminalization bill in 1990?
A3: King Baudouin
Q4: Who declared the King capable of excersizing power again after a brief lapse in 1990?
A4: both houses of parliament
The constitution of Jordan grants its monarch the right to withhold assent to laws passed by its parliament. Article 93 of that document gives the Jordanian sovereign six months to sign or veto any legislation sent to him from the National Assembly; if he vetoes it within that timeframe, the assembly may override his veto by a two-thirds vote of both houses; otherwise, the law does not go into effect (but it may be reconsidered in the next session of the assembly). If the monarch fails to act within six months of the bill being presented to him, it becomes law without his signature.

Q1: How much time does a Jordinian leader have to sign or veto legislation?
A1: six months
Q2: What majority is required to override a veto from the soverign?
A2: two-thirds
Q3: What happens if the soverign doesn't sign the bill within the six-month time frame?
A3: , it becomes law without his signature
After the House of Representatives has debated the law, it either approves it and sends it to the Senate with the text "The Second Chamber of the States General sends the following approved proposal of law to the First Chamber", or it rejects it and returns it to the government with the text "The Second Chamber of the States General has rejected the accompanying proposal of law." If the upper house then approves the law, it sends it back to the government with the text "To the King, The States General have accepted the proposal of law as it is offered here."

Q1: What text is written and sent to the Senate if the House approves of a law?
A1: "The Second Chamber of the States General sends the following approved proposal of law to the First Chamber"
Q2: What text is written and sent back to the government if a bill is rejected?
A2: The Second Chamber of the States General has rejected the accompanying proposal of law."
Q3: If the Senate approves the law after receiving it from the House, what is written and sent to the government?
A3: "To the King, The States General have accepted the proposal of law as it is offered here."
The government, consisting of the monarch and the ministers, will then usually approve the proposal and the sovereign and one of the ministers signs the proposal with the addition of an enacting clause, thereafter notifying the States General that "The King assents to the proposal." It has happened in exceptional circumstances that the government does not approve a law that has been passed in parliament. In such a case, neither the monarch nor a minister will sign the bill, notifying the States General that "The King will keep the proposal under advisement." A law that has received royal assent will be published in the State Magazine, with the original being kept in the archives of the King's Offices.

Q1: Where are laws published after receiving assent?
A1: the State Magazine
Q2: Where is the original law text stored?
A2: in the archives of the King's Offices
Q3: What happens in the rare case the government doesn't approve of a law that has passed both houses?
A3: neither the monarch nor a minister will sign the bill, notifying the States General that "The King will keep the proposal under advisement."
Articles 77–79 of the Norwegian Constitution specifically grant the monarch of Norway the right to withhold royal assent from any bill passed by the Storting. Should the sovereign ever choose to exercise this privilege, Article 79 provides a means by which his veto may be over-ridden: "If a Bill has been passed unaltered by two sessions of the Storting, constituted after two separate successive elections and separated from each other by at least two intervening sessions of the Storting, without a divergent Bill having been passed by any Storting in the period between the first and last adoption, and it is then submitted to the King with a petition that His Majesty shall not refuse his assent to a Bill which, after the most mature deliberation, the Storting considers to be beneficial, it shall become law even if the Royal Assent is not accorded before the Storting goes into recess."

Q1: Which articles in the Norwegian Constitution allow the monarch to reject a bill that has been passed through the Sorting?
A1: Articles 77–79
Q2: Which article in the Norweigan Constitution provides a way to override a monarch's veto?
A2: Article 79
Q3: How many elections are required to assend a bill that the monarch has vetoed?
A3: two
Title IV of the 1978 Spanish constitution invests the Consentimiento Real (Royal Assent) and promulgation (publication) of laws with the monarch of Spain, while Title III, The Cortes Generales, Chapter 2, Drafting of Bills, outlines the method by which bills are passed. According to Article 91, within fifteen days of passage of a bill by the Cortes Generales, the sovereign shall give his or her assent and publish the new law. Article 92 invests the monarch with the right to call for a referendum, on the advice of the president of the government (commonly referred to in English as the prime minister) and the authorisation of the cortes.

Q1: Which article in the Spanish constitution gives the monarch the right to ask for a referendum?
A1: Article 92
Q2: Which article specifies the number of days available to the monarch to provide a signature on an assended bill?
A2: Article 91
Q3: In the 1978 Spanish constitution, which title describes how bills are passed?
A3: Title III, The Cortes Generales
Q4: What chapter in the Spanish constitution describes how bills are to be passed?
A4: Chapter 2, Drafting of Bills