romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
After a long period of rumour and consultation, the British government announced plans to construct an airport in Saint Helena in March 2005. The airport was expected to be completed by 2010. However an approved bidder, the Italian firm Impregilo, was not chosen until 2008, and then the project was put on hold in November 2008, allegedly due to new financial pressures brought on by the Financial crisis of 2007–2010. By January 2009, construction had not commenced and no final contracts had been signed. Governor Andrew Gurr departed for London in an attempt to speed up the process and solve the problems.

Q1: When was the construction of an airport in Saint Helena announced?
A1: March 2005
Q2: The airport was expected to be completed by what year?
A2: 2010
Q3: Who was the approved bidder for the airport?
A3: Impregilo
Q4: Which governor departed to London to try to speed up the construction of the airport?
A4: Andrew Gurr
On 22 July 2010, the British government agreed to help pay for the new airport using taxpayer money. In November 2011 a new deal between the British government and South African civil engineering company Basil Read was signed and the airport was scheduled to open in February 2016, with flights to and from South Africa and the UK. In March 2015 South African airline Comair became the preferred bidder to provide weekly air service between the island and Johannesburg, starting from 2016.

Q1: When did the British government agree to help pay for the new airport in Saint Helena?
A1: 22 July 2010
Q2: Which south african company is helping to engineer the airport?
A2: Basil Read
Q3: The new airport opening date is when?
A3: February 2016
Q4: Which countries will be able to fly to Saint Helena using the airport?
A4: South Africa and the UK
Q5: Which airline will provide weekly service to Saint Helena?
A5: Comair
The first aircraft, a South African Beechcraft King Air 200, landed at the new airport on 15 September 2015, prior to conducting a series of flights to calibrate the airport's radio navigation equipment.

Q1: What kind of aircraft was the first to land at the new airport?
A1: South African Beechcraft King Air 200
Q2: What date did the aircraft land at the new airport?
A2: 15 September 2015
Q3: What are they calibrating via test flights at the airport?
A3: the airport's radio navigation equipment.
The first helicopter landing at the new airfield was conducted by the Wildcat HMA.2 ZZ377 from 825 Squadron 201 Flight, embarked on visiting HMS Lancaster on 23 October 2015.

Q1: Who conducted the first helicopter landing at the airfield?
A1: Wildcat HMA.2 ZZ377
Q2: Where did the helicopter embark on visiting?
A2: HMS Lancaster
Q3: When did the aircraft visit HMS Lancaster?
A3: 23 October 2015
A minibus offers a basic service to carry people around Saint Helena, with most services designed to take people into Jamestown for a few hours on weekdays to conduct their business. Car hire is available for visitors.

Q1: What kind of vehicle offers basic transportation to people in Saint Helena?
A1: A minibus
Q2: Where does the minibus travel to?
A2: Jamestown
Q3: On what days does the minibus take people into Jamestown?
A3: weekdays
Radio St Helena, which started operations on Christmas Day 1967, provided a local radio service that had a range of about 100 km (62 mi) from the island, and also broadcast internationally on shortwave radio (11092.5 kHz) on one day a year. The station presented news, features and music in collaboration with its sister newspaper, the St Helena Herald. It closed on 25 December 2012 to make way for a new three-channel FM service, also funded by St. Helena Government and run by the South Atlantic Media Services (formerly St. Helena Broadcasting (Guarantee) Corporation).

Q1: What day did Radio Saint Helena start operations?
A1: Christmas Day 1967
Q2: What was the range of Radio Saint Helena in miles?
A2: 62
Q3: How many days a year was Radio Saint Helena broadcast internationally?
A3: 1
Q4: What newspaper did Radio Saint Helena collaborate with?
A4: St Helena Herald
Q5: What day was Saint Helena Radio shut down?
A5: 25 December 2012
Saint FM provided a local radio service for the island which was also available on internet radio and relayed in Ascension Island. The station was not government funded. It was launched in January 2005 and closed on 21 December 2012. It broadcast news, features and music in collaboration with its sister newspaper, the St Helena Independent (which continues).

Q1: What date was Saint FM radio launched?
A1: January 2005
Q2: What date was Saint FM radio closed?
A2: 21 December 2012
Q3: Which newspaper is the sister company of Saint FM radio?
A3: St Helena Independent
Saint FM Community Radio took over the radio channels vacated by Saint FM and launched on 10 March 2013. The station operates as a limited-by-guarantee company owned by its members and is registered as a fund-raising Association. Membership is open to everyone, and grants access to a live audio stream.

Q1: Which company took over the channels vacated by Saint FM?
A1: Saint FM Community Radio
Q2: What date did Saint FM Community Radio launch?
A2: 10 March 2013
Q3: What kind of people can join Saint Fm Radio Community?
A3: everyone
St Helena Online is a not-for-profit internet news service run from the UK by a former print and BBC journalist, working in partnership with Saint FM and the St Helena Independent.

Q1: Who runs Saint Helena online?
A1: a former print and BBC journalist
Q2: Who is partnered with Saint Helena online?
A2: Saint FM and the St Helena Independent
Sure South Atlantic Ltd ("Sure") offers television for the island via 17 analogue terrestrial UHF channels, offering a mix of British, US, and South African programming. The channels are from DSTV and include Mnet, SuperSport and BBC channels. The feed signal, from MultiChoice DStv in South Africa, is received by a satellite dish at Bryant's Beacon from Intelsat 7 in the Ku band.

Q1: What does Sure South Atlantic LTD offer?
A1: television
Q2: How many analogue terrestrial UHF channels does Sure South Atlantic LTD have?
A2: 17
Q3: What is the feed signal of Sure South Atlantic received by?
A3: a satellite dish
SURE provide the telecommunications service in the territory through a digital copper-based telephone network including ADSL-broadband service. In August 2011 the first fibre-optic link has been installed on the island, which connects the television receive antennas at Bryant's Beacon to the Cable & Wireless Technical Centre in the Briars.

Q1: SURE provides what kind of service to the territory?
A1: telecommunications
Q2: What kind of network does SURE provide it's service from?
A2: digital copper-based telephone network
Q3: When was the first fibre-optic network installed?
A3: August 2011
A satellite ground station with a 7.6-metre (25 ft) satellite dish installed in 1989 at The Briars is the only international connection providing satellite links through Intelsat 707 to Ascension island and the United Kingdom. Since all international telephone and internet communications are relying on this single satellite link both internet and telephone service are subject to sun outages.

Q1: How big is the satellite dish at the satellite ground station in feet?
A1: 25
Q2: When was the satellite dish installed?
A2: 1989
Q3: Where was the satellite dish installed?
A3: The Briars
Q4: Both telephone and internet services are subject to what?
A4: sun outages
Saint Helena has the international calling code +290 which, since 2006, Tristan da Cunha shares. Saint Helena telephone numbers changed from 4 to 5 digits on 1 October 2013 by being prefixed with the digit "2", i.e. 2xxxx, with the range 5xxxx being reserved for mobile numbering, and 8xxx being used for Tristan da Cunha numbers (these still shown as 4 digits).

Q1: What is the international calling code for Saint Helena?
A1: +290
Q2: Who shares the calling code +290 with Saint Helena?
A2: Tristan da Cunha
Q3: How many digits did Saint Helena change their phone numbers to?
A3: 5
Q4: When did Saint Helena change the amount of digits in their phone numbers?
A4: 1 October 2013
Q5: What digit are Saint Helena phone numbers prefixed with?
A5: 2
Saint Helena has a 10/3.6 Mbit/s internet link via Intelsat 707 provided by SURE. Serving a population of more than 4,000, this single satellite link is considered inadequate in terms of bandwidth.

Q1: What speed is Saint Helena internet access?
A1: 10/3.6 Mbit/s
Q2: What is the internet service provided through?
A2: Intelsat 707
Q3: Who provides the internet service in Saint Helena?
A3: SURE
Q4: What kind of population does SURE service?
A4: more than 4,000
Q5: How many satellites provide the link to the internet?
A5: 1
ADSL-broadband service is provided with maximum speeds of up to 1536 KBit/s downstream and 512 KBit/s upstream offered on contract levels from lite £16 per month to gold+ at £190 per month. There are a few public WiFi hotspots in Jamestown, which are also being operated by SURE (formerly Cable & Wireless).

Q1: What kind of broadband service is provided on the island?
A1: ADSL
Q2: What is the maximum speed of the broadband service?
A2: 1536 KBit/s downstream and 512 KBit/s upstream
Q3: What is the lite price of the broadband service?
A3: £16 per month
Q4: What is the gold price of the broadband service?
A4: £190 per month
Q5: What location has a few public wifi spots available to the public?
A5: Jamestown
The South Atlantic Express, a 10,000 km (6,214 mi) submarine communications cable connecting Africa to South America, run by the undersea fibre optic provider eFive, will pass St Helena relatively closely. There were no plans to land the cable and install a landing station ashore, which could supply St Helena's population with sufficient bandwidth to fully leverage the benefits of today's Information Society. In January 2012, a group of supporters petitioned the UK government to meet the cost of landing the cable at St Helena. On 6 October 2012, eFive agreed to reroute the cable through St. Helena after a successful lobbying campaign by A Human Right, a San Francisco-based NGA working on initiatives to ensure all people are connected to the Internet. Islanders have sought the assistance of the UK Department for International Development and Foreign and Commonwealth Office in funding the £10m required to bridge the connection from a local junction box on the cable to the island. The UK Government have announced that a review of the island's economy would be required before such funding would be agreed to.

Q1: How long is the South Atlantic Express in miles?
A1: 6,214
Q2: Who runs the South Atlantic Express?
A2: eFive
Q3: On what date did eFive announce they would reroute the cable through Saint Helena?
A3: 6 October 2012
Q4: Who lobbied for the cable reroute into South Helena?
A4: A Human Right
The island has two local newspapers, both of which are available on the Internet. The St Helena Independent has been published since November 2005. The Sentinel newspaper was introduced in 2012.

Q1: How many local newspapers does the island have?
A1: two
Q2: Where are both newspapers available?
A2: the Internet
Q3: Since when has the St Helena Independent been published?
A3: November 2005
Q4: When was the Sentinel Newspaper introduced?
A4: 2012
Education is free and compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16  The island has three primary schools for students of age 4 to 11: Harford, Pilling, and St Paul’s. Prince Andrew School provides secondary education for students aged 11 to 18. At the beginning of the academic year 2009-10, 230 students were enrolled in primary school and 286 in secondary school.

Q1: How many primary schools does the island have?
A1: 3
Q2: What are the 3 primary schools called?
A2: Harford, Pilling, and St Paul’s
Q3: What is the name of the secondary school for the island?
A3: Prince Andrew School
Q4: How many students were enrolled in primary school in 2010?
A4: 230
The Education and Employment Directorate also offers programmes for students with special needs, vocational training, adult education, evening classes, and distance learning. The island has a public library (the oldest in the Southern Hemisphere) and a mobile library service which operates weekly rural areas.

Q1: When does the mobile library service operate?
A1: weekly
Q2: Who provides programs to students with special needs?
A2: The Education and Employment Directorate
The UK national curriculum is adapted for local use. A range of qualifications are offered – from GCSE, A/S and A2, to Level 3 Diplomas and VRQ qualifications:

Q1: What curriculum does the island adapt?
A1: The UK national curriculum
Q2: What are the qualifications offered?
A2: GCSE, A/S and A2, to Level 3 Diplomas and VRQ qualifications
Sports played on the island include football, cricket, volleyball, tennis, golf, motocross, shooting sports and yachting. Saint Helena has sent teams to a number of Commonwealth Games. Saint Helena is a member of the International Island Games Association. The Saint Helena cricket team made its debut in international cricket in Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League in 2011.

Q1: Saint Helena is a member of what kind of association?
A1: International Island Games Association
Q2: Where did the Saint Helena cricket team make it's debut in international cricket?
A2: Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League
Q3: When did the Saint Helena cricket team make it's debut in international cricket?
A3: 2011
The Governor's Cup is a yacht race between Cape Town and Saint Helena island, held every two years in December/January; the most recent event was in December 2010. In Jamestown a timed run takes place up Jacob's Ladder every year, with people coming from all over the world to take part.

Q1: Where does the Governor's cup take place?
A1: between Cape Town and Saint Helena island,
Q2: What months does the Governor's cup take place?
A2: December/January
Q3: When did the most recent Governor's cup take place?
A3: December 2010
There are scouting and guiding groups on Saint Helena and Ascension Island. Scouting was established on Saint Helena island in 1912. Lord and Lady Baden-Powell visited the Scouts on Saint Helena on the return from their 1937 tour of Africa. The visit is described in Lord Baden-Powell's book entitled African Adventures.

Q1: What kind of groups are on Saint Helena and Ascension Island?
A1: scouting and guiding
Q2: When was Scouting established on Saint Helena?
A2: 1912
Q3: Who visited the scouts on their return from the tour of Africa in 1937?
A3: Lord and Lady Baden-Powell
Q4: What book describes Lord and Lady Baden-Powel's visit?
A4: African Adventures
In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of breath that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents. In English, aspirated consonants are allophones in complementary distribution with their unaspirated counterparts, but in some other languages, notably most Indian and East Asian languages, the difference is contrastive.

Q1: Aspiration and preaspiration are used in what?
A1: phonetics
Q2: Aspirated consonants are what in English?
A2: allophones
Q3: What are two language types where the difference is contrastive?
A3: Indian and East Asian
To feel or see the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds, one can put a hand or a lit candle in front of one's mouth, and say pin [pʰɪn] and then spin [spɪn]. One should either feel a puff of air or see a flicker of the candle flame with pin that one does not get with spin. In most dialects of English, the initial consonant is aspirated in pin and unaspirated in spin.

Q1: With what word should you see a candle flicker or feel a puff of air?
A1: pin
Q2: In English the first consonant in "pin" is what?
A2: aspirated
In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), aspirated consonants are written using the symbols for voiceless consonants followed by the aspiration modifier letter ⟨◌ʰ⟩, a superscript form of the symbol for the voiceless glottal fricative ⟨h⟩. For instance, ⟨p⟩ represents the voiceless bilabial stop, and ⟨pʰ⟩ represents the aspirated bilabial stop.

Q1: What does IPA stand for?
A1: International Phonetic Alphabet
Q2: Written IPA consonants use symbols for what?
A2: voiceless consonants
Q3: What modifier indicates a voiceless bilabial stop?
A3: p
Q4: pʰ represents what?
A4: aspirated bilabial stop
Voiced consonants are seldom actually aspirated. Symbols for voiced consonants followed by ⟨◌ʰ⟩, such as ⟨bʰ⟩, typically represent consonants with breathy voiced release (see below). In the grammatical tradition of Sanskrit, aspirated consonants are called voiceless aspirated, and breathy-voiced consonants are called voiced aspirated.

Q1: What is not often aspirated?
A1: Voiced consonants
Q2: The symbol followed by bʰ would likely mean the consonant has what type of release?
A2: breathy
Q3: Voiced aspirated consonants are what type?
A3: breathy-voiced
There are no dedicated IPA symbols for degrees of aspiration and typically only two degrees are marked: unaspirated ⟨k⟩ and aspirated ⟨kʰ⟩. An old symbol for light aspiration was ⟨ʻ⟩, but this is now obsolete. The aspiration modifier letter may be doubled to indicate especially strong or long aspiration. Hence, the two degrees of aspiration in Korean stops are sometimes transcribed ⟨kʰ kʰʰ⟩ or ⟨kʻ⟩ and ⟨kʰ⟩, but they are usually transcribed [k] and [kʰ], with the details of voice-onset time given numerically.

Q1: There are no IPA symbols for what?
A1: degrees of aspiration
Q2: What may be doubled to indicate a long aspiration?
A2: aspiration modifier
Q3: What language, according to the text, may need double stops to indicate aspiration length?
A3: Korean
Q4: How are voice-onset time details usually presented?
A4: numerically
Preaspirated consonants are marked by placing the aspiration modifier letter before the consonant symbol: ⟨ʰp⟩ represents the preaspirated bilabial stop.

Q1: A preaspirated consonant is marked how?
A1: placing the aspiration modifier letter before the consonant symbol
Q2: What represents a preaspirated bilabial stop?
A2: ⟨ʰp⟩
Unaspirated or tenuis consonants are occasionally marked with the modifier letter for unaspiration ⟨◌˭⟩, a superscript equal sign: ⟨t˭⟩. Usually, however, unaspirated consonants are left unmarked: ⟨t⟩.

Q1: How are unaspirated or tenuis consonants sometimes marked for unaspiration?
A1: with the modifier letter
Q2: What is the superscript equal sign?
A2: ⟨t˭⟩
Q3: Most often, unaspirated consonants are what?
A3: left unmarked
Q4: How are unaspirated consonants left unmarked?
A4: ⟨t⟩
Voiceless consonants are produced with the vocal folds open (spread) and not vibrating, and voiced consonants are produced when the vocal folds are fractionally closed and vibrating (modal voice). Voiceless aspiration occurs when the vocal cords remain open after a consonant is released. An easy way to measure this is by noting the consonant's voice-onset time, as the voicing of a following vowel cannot begin until the vocal cords close.

Q1: What is created when the vocal folds are spread and do not vibrate?
A1: Voiceless consonants
Q2: What is created when vocal folds are slightly closed and vibrate?
A2: voiced consonants
Q3: What is it called when a person's vocal cords stay open after a consonant?
A3: Voiceless aspiration
Phonetically in some languages, such as Navajo, aspiration of stops tends to be realised as voiceless velar airflow; aspiration of affricates is realised as an extended length of the frication.

Q1: Aspiration of stops is seen as voiceless velar airflow in some languages, such as what?
A1: Navajo
Q2: In Navajo, the aspiration of affricates can be seen as what?
A2: an extended length of the frication
Aspirated consonants are not always followed by vowels or other voiced sounds. For example, in Eastern Armenian, aspiration is contrastive even word-finally, and aspirated consonants occur in consonant clusters. In Wahgi, consonants are aspirated only in final position.

Q1: In Eastern Armenian, aspirated consonants occur in what?
A1: consonant clusters
Q2: Where are consonants aspirated in just the final position?
A2: Wahgi
Armenian and Cantonese have aspiration that lasts about as long as English aspirated stops, in addition to unaspirated stops. Korean has lightly aspirated stops that fall between the Armenian and Cantonese unaspirated and aspirated stops as well as strongly aspirated stops whose aspiration lasts longer than that of Armenian or Cantonese. (See voice-onset time.)

Q1: As well as lasting as long as an English aspirated stop, the Armenian and Cantonese aspiration lasts as long as what?
A1: unaspirated stops
Aspiration varies with place of articulation. The Spanish voiceless stops /p t k/ have voice-onset times (VOTs) of about 5, 10, and 30 milliseconds, whereas English aspirated /p t k/ have VOTs of about 60, 70, and 80 ms. Voice-onset time in Korean has been measured at 20, 25, and 50 ms for /p t k/ and 90, 95, and 125 for /pʰ tʰ kʰ/.

Q1: Aspiration alters with what?
A1: place of articulation
When aspirated consonants are doubled or geminated, the stop is held longer and then has an aspirated release. An aspirated affricate consists of a stop, fricative, and aspirated release. A doubled aspirated affricate has a longer hold in the stop portion and then has a release consisting of the fricative and aspiration.

Q1: What happens when an aspirated consonant is doubled or geminated?
A1: the stop is held longer and then has an aspirated release.
Q2: What is comprised of a stop, fricative, and aspirated release?
A2: An aspirated affricate
Icelandic and Faroese have preaspirated [ʰp ʰt ʰk]; some scholars interpret these as consonant clusters as well. In Icelandic, preaspirated stops contrast with double stops and single stops:

Q1: What two languages mentioned have have preaspirated [ʰp ʰt ʰk]?
A1: Icelandic and Faroese
Q2: What do scholars say the preaspirated [ʰp ʰt ʰk] are too?
A2: consonant clusters
Q3: What do preaspirated stops contrast with in Icelandic?
A3: double stops and single stops
Preaspirated stops also occur in most Sami languages; for example, in North Sami, the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /k/ are pronounced preaspirated ([ʰp], [ʰt] [ʰts], [ʰtʃ], [ʰk]) when they occur in medial or final position.

Q1: The Sami tongue also has what?
A1: Preaspirated stops
Q2: Which Sami tongue has unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes pronounced preaspirated?
A2: North Sami
Although most aspirated obstruents in the world's language are stops and affricates, aspirated fricatives such as [sʰ], [fʰ] or [ɕʰ] have been documented in Korean, in a few Tibeto-Burman languages, in some Oto-Manguean languages, and in the Siouan language Ofo. Some languages, such as Choni Tibetan, have up to four contrastive aspirated fricatives [sʰ] [ɕʰ], [ʂʰ] and [xʰ].

Q1: How many contrastive aspirated fricatives does Choni Tibetan have?
A1: up to four
True aspirated voiced consonants, as opposed to murmured (breathy-voice) consonants such as the [bʱ], [dʱ], [ɡʱ] that are common in the languages of India, are extremely rare. They have been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages. Reported aspirated voiced stops, affricates and clicks are [b͡pʰ, d͡tʰ, d͡tsʰ, d͡tʃʰ, ɡ͡kʰ, ɢ͡qʰ, ᶢʘʰ, ᶢǀʰ, ᶢǁʰ, ᶢǃʰ, ᶢǂʰ].

Q1: Indian languages commonly have murmured consonants instead of what?
A1: True aspirated voiced consonants
Q2: True aspirated consonants are considered what?
A2: rare
Q3: True aspirated consonants have been found in Kelabit Taa and what else?
A3: Kx'a languages
Aspiration has varying significance in different languages. It is either allophonic or phonemic, and may be analyzed as an underlying consonant cluster.

Q1: What has a different significance in various languages?
A1: Aspiration
Q2: What two forms can aspiration be in?
A2: allophonic or phonemic
In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.

Q1: Aspiration is what, in English and some other languages?
A1: allophonic
Q2: How are stops distinguished?
A2: voicing
Q3: Voiceless stops are at times what?
A3: aspirated
Q4: Voiced stops are most often what?
A4: unaspirated