romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Text is frequently incorporated into comics via speech balloons, captions, and sound effects. Speech balloons indicate dialogue (or thought, in the case of thought balloons), with tails pointing at their respective speakers. Captions can give voice to a narrator, convey characters' dialogue or thoughts, or indicate place or time. Speech balloons themselves are strongly associated with comics, such that the addition of one to an image is sufficient to turn the image into comics. Sound effects mimic non-vocal sounds textually using onomatopoeia sound-words.

Q1: What association with comics is strong?
A1: Speech balloons
Q2: The presence of a single speech balloon in an image turns it into what?
A2: comics
Q3: What type of words are used to do sound effects in comics?
A3: onomatopoeia
Cartooning is most frequently used in making comics, traditionally using ink (especially India ink) with dip pens or ink brushes; mixed media and digital technology have become common. Cartooning techniques such as motion lines and abstract symbols are often employed.

Q1: What type of ink is often used in making comics?
A1: India ink
Q2: What method is mostly used in making comics?
A2: Cartooning
Q3: Mixed media and what else are becoming popular for making comics?
A3: digital technology
Q4: Motion lines and what are often used in comics?
A4: abstract symbols
Saint Helena (/ˌseɪnt həˈliːnə/ SAYNT-hə-LEE-nə) is a volcanic tropical island in the South Atlantic Ocean, 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) east of Rio de Janeiro and 1,950 kilometres (1,210 mi) west of the Cunene River, which marks the border between Namibia and Angola in southwestern Africa. It is part of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. Saint Helena measures about 16 by 8 kilometres (10 by 5 mi) and has a population of 4,255 (2008 census). It was named after Saint Helena of Constantinople.

Q1: What is Saint Helena tropical island named after?
A1: Saint Helena of Constantinople
Q2: What ocean is Saint Helena located in?
A2: South Atlantic Ocean
Q3: What is the population of Saint Helena?
A3: 4,255
Q4: How big is Saint Helena tropical Island?
A4: 16 by 8 kilometres
The island was uninhabited when discovered by the Portuguese in 1502. One of the most remote islands in the world, it was for centuries an important stopover for ships sailing to Europe from Asia and South Africa. Napoleon was imprisoned there in exile by the British, as were Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo (for leading a Zulu army against British rule) and more than 5,000 Boers taken prisoner during the Second Boer War.

Q1: When was the island discovered?
A1: 1502
Q2: How many Boers were taken prisoner during the Second Boer War?
A2: more than 5,000
Q3: Why was Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo imprisoned on the island?
A3: leading a Zulu army against British rule
Between 1791 and 1833, Saint Helena became the site of a series of experiments in conservation, reforestation and attempts to boost rainfall artificially. This environmental intervention was closely linked to the conceptualisation of the processes of environmental change and helped establish the roots of environmentalism.

Q1: The roots of what were established on Saint Helena?
A1: environmentalism
Q2: What did scientists attempt to boost artificially on Saint Helena?
A2: rainfall
Q3: The environmental intervention was linked to the conceptualization of what process?
A3: environmental change
Most historical accounts state that the island was discovered on 21 May 1502 by the Galician navigator João da Nova sailing at the service of Portugal, and that he named it "Santa Helena" after Helena of Constantinople. Another theory holds that the island found by da Nova was actually Tristan da Cunha, 2,430 kilometres (1,510 mi) to the south, and that Saint Helena was discovered by some of the ships attached to the squadron of Estêvão da Gama expedition on 30 July 1503 (as reported in the account of clerk Thomé Lopes). However, a paper published in 2015 reviewed the discovery date and dismissed the 18 August as too late for da Nova to make a discovery and then return to Lisbon by 11 September 1502, whether he sailed from St Helena or Tristan da Cunha. It demonstrates the 21 May is probably a Protestant rather than Catholic or Orthodox feast-day, first quoted in 1596 by Jan Huyghen van Linschoten, who was probably mistaken because the island was discovered several decades before the Reformation and start of Protestantism. The alternative discovery date of 3 May, the Catholic feast-day for the finding of the True Cross by Saint Helena in Jerusalem, quoted by Odoardo Duarte Lopes and Sir Thomas Herbert is suggested as being historically more credible.

Q1: What date was the island discovered on?
A1: 21 May 1502
Q2: What navigator discovered the island?
A2: João da Nova
Q3: What country was João da Nova doing service for?
A3: Portugal
Q4: What person is Saint Helena Island named after?
A4: Helena of Constantinople
The Portuguese found the island uninhabited, with an abundance of trees and fresh water. They imported livestock, fruit trees and vegetables, and built a chapel and one or two houses. Though they formed no permanent settlement, the island was an important rendezvous point and source of food for ships travelling from Asia to Europe, and frequently sick mariners were left on the island to recover, before taking passage on the next ship to call on the island.

Q1: What did the island have an abundance of when discovered?
A1: trees and fresh water.
Q2: What was imported by the settlers of the island?
A2: livestock, fruit trees and vegetables
Q3: What kind of buildings were built by the settlers?
A3: a chapel and one or two houses.
Q4: Who was left on the island to recover when sick?
A4: mariners
Q5: What was the island a source of for ships travelling from Asia to Europe?
A5: food
Englishman Sir Francis Drake probably located the island on the final leg of his circumnavigation of the world (1577–1580). Further visits by other English explorers followed, and, once Saint Helena’s location was more widely known, English ships of war began to lie in wait in the area to attack Portuguese India carracks on their way home. In developing their Far East trade, the Dutch also began to frequent the island. The Portuguese and Spanish soon gave up regularly calling at the island, partly because they used ports along the West African coast, but also because of attacks on their shipping, the desecration of their chapel and religious icons, destruction of their livestock and destruction of plantations by Dutch and English sailors.

Q1: Who probably located the island on their final leg of their circumnavigation trip?
A1: Englishman Sir Francis Drake
Q2: What did English ships of war attack on the island?
A2: Portuguese India carracks
Q3: Who developed a far east trade and began to frequent the island?
A3: the Dutch
Q4: Who gave up calling at the island due to attacks on their shipping?
A4: The Portuguese and Spanish
The Dutch Republic formally made claim to Saint Helena in 1633, although there is no evidence that they ever occupied, colonised or fortified it. By 1651, the Dutch had mainly abandoned the island in favour of their colony at the Cape of Good Hope.

Q1: Who claimed Saint Helena in 1633?
A1: The Dutch Republic
Q2: What year did the Dutch abandon the island?
A2: 1651
Q3: Which colony did the Dutch abandon the island for?
A3: Cape of Good Hope.
In 1657, Oliver Cromwell granted the English East India Company a charter to govern Saint Helena and the following year the company decided to fortify the island and colonise it with planters. The first governor, Captain John Dutton, arrived in 1659, making Saint Helena one of Britain's oldest colonies outside North America and the Caribbean. A fort and houses were built. After the Restoration of the English monarchy in 1660, the East India Company received a royal charter giving it the sole right to fortify and colonise the island. The fort was renamed James Fort and the town Jamestown, in honour of the Duke of York, later James II of England.

Q1: Who was granted a charter to govern Saint Helena?
A1: the English East India Company
Q2: Who granted the English East company a character to govern the island?
A2: Oliver Cromwell
Q3: Who was the first governor of Saint Helena?
A3: Captain John Dutton
Q4: What year did the first governor arrive to Saint Helena?
A4: 1659
Q5: Who had the sole right to fortify and colonize the island?
A5: East India Company
Between January and May 1673, the Dutch East India Company forcibly took the island, before English reinforcements restored English East India Company control. The company experienced difficulty attracting new immigrants, and sentiments of unrest and rebellion fomented among the inhabitants. Ecological problems, including deforestation, soil erosion, vermin and drought, led Governor Isaac Pyke to suggest in 1715 that the population be moved to Mauritius, but this was not acted upon and the company continued to subsidise the community because of the island's strategic location. A census in 1723 recorded 1,110 people, including 610 slaves.

Q1: What did the English East India Company have difficulty attracting?
A1: new immigrants
Q2: What problems lead to a suggesting to relocate the population?
A2: Ecological problems
Q3: What was the name of the governor who suggested relocating the population of Saint Helena?
A3: Isaac Pyke
Q4: What was the location that was suggested the population be moved too?
A4: Mauritius
Q5: How many slaves were on the island in 1723?
A5: 610
18th century governors tried to tackle the island's problems by implementing tree plantation, improving fortifications, eliminating corruption, building a hospital, tackling the neglect of crops and livestock, controlling the consumption of alcohol and introducing legal reforms. From about 1770, the island enjoyed a lengthy period of prosperity. Captain James Cook visited the island in 1775 on the final leg of his second circumnavigation of the world. St. James' Church was erected in Jamestown in 1774 and in 1791–92 Plantation House was built, and has since been the official residence of the Governor.

Q1: When did the Island start to experience a period of prosperity?
A1: 1770
Q2: What captain visited the island in 1775 on their trip around the world?
A2: James Cook
Q3: What church was erected in Jamestown in 1774?
A3: St. James' Church
Q4: What is the official residence of the governor?
A4: Plantation House
On leaving the University of Oxford, in 1676, Edmond Halley visited Saint Helena and set up an astronomical observatory with a 7.3-metre-long (24 ft) aerial telescope with the intention of studying stars from the Southern Hemisphere. The site of this telescope is near Saint Mathew's Church in Hutt's Gate, in the Longwood district. The 680-metre (2,230 ft) high hill there is named for him and is called Halley's Mount.

Q1: Who set up an astronomical observatory on Saint Helena?
A1: Edmond Halley
Q2: What university did Edmond Halley attend?
A2: University of Oxford
Q3: How many feet was the telescope that was set up in the observatory?
A3: 24
Q4: What district is the telescope set up in?
A4: Longwood district
Q5: What hemisphere of stars did Edmond Halley want to study with the telescope?
A5: Southern
Throughout this period, Saint Helena was an important port of call of the East India Company. East Indiamen would stop there on the return leg of their voyages to British India and China. At Saint Helena ships could replenish supplies of water and provisions, and during war time, form convoys that would sail under the protection of vessels of the Royal Navy. Captain James Cook's vessel HMS Endeavour anchored and resupplied off the coast of St Helena in May 1771, on her return from the European discovery of the east coast of Australia and rediscovery of New Zealand.

Q1: Saint Helena was an important port of which company?
A1: East India Company
Q2: What did ships replenish at Saint Helena?
A2: water and provisions
Q3: What vessel was owned by Captain James?
A3: HMS Endeavour
Q4: What vessel resupplied at the Island in May 1771?
A4: HMS Endeavour
Q5: Vessels of what navy protected convoys?
A5: Royal
The importation of slaves was made illegal in 1792. Governor Robert Patton (1802–1807) recommended that the company import Chinese labour to supplement the rural workforce. The coolie labourers arrived in 1810, and their numbers reached 600 by 1818. Many were allowed to stay, and their descendents became integrated into the population. An 1814 census recorded 3,507 people on the island.

Q1: What was made illegal in 1792?
A1: importation of slaves
Q2: What year did Coolie labourers arrive?
A2: 1810
Q3: How many coolie labourers were on the island by 1818?
A3: 600
Q4: What was the population of the island in 1814?
A4: 3,507
In 1815, the British government selected Saint Helena as the place of detention of Napoleon Bonaparte. He was taken to the island in October 1815. Napoleon stayed at the Briars pavilion on the grounds of the Balcombe family's home until his permanent residence, Longwood House, was completed in December 1815. Napoleon died there on 5 May 1821.

Q1: The British government detained who in Saint Helena?
A1: Napoleon Bonaparte
Q2: What year was Napoleon Bonaparte taken to the island?
A2: 1815
Q3: Where did Napoleon Bonaparte stay until he found permanent residence?
A3: Briars pavilion
Q4: What ended up being the permanent residence of Napoleon Bonaparte?
A4: Longwood House
Q5: What year did Napoleon Bonaparte pass away?
A5: 1821
After Napoleon's death, the thousands of temporary visitors were soon withdrawn and the East India Company resumed full control of Saint Helena. Between 1815 and 1830, the EIC made available to the government of the island the packet schooner St Helena, which made multiple trips per year between the island and the Cape carrying passengers both ways, and supplies of wine and provisions back to the island.

Q1: Who took full control of the island after Napoleon's death?
A1: East India Company
Q2: The EIC made what available to the government of the island between 1815 and 1830?
A2: the packet schooner St Helena
Q3: The packet schooner St Helena brought supplies of what to the island?
A3: wine and provisions
Owing to Napoleon's praise of Saint Helena’s coffee during his exile on the island, the product enjoyed a brief popularity in Paris in the years after his death.

Q1: Which product of Saint Helena was praised by Napoleon?
A1: coffee
Q2: Where did Saint Helena's coffee get popular after Napoleon's death?
A2: Paris
Q3: What product got popular in Paris after Napoloen's death?
A3: coffee
Although the importation of slaves to St Helena had been banned in 1792, the phased emancipation of over 800 resident slaves did not take place until 1827, which was still some six years before the British Parliament passed legislation to ban slavery in the colonies.

Q1: When was importation of slaves banned in Saint Helena?
A1: 1792
Q2: The emancipation of the slaves of Saint Helena did not take place until what year?
A2: 1827
Q3: Who banned slavery in their colonies?
A3: British Parliament
Q4: Over how many slaves ended up getting emancipated on Saint Helena?
A4: 800
Under the provisions of the 1833 India Act, control of Saint Helena was passed from the East India Company to the British Crown, becoming a crown colony. Subsequent administrative cost-cutting triggered the start of a long-term population decline whereby those who could afford to do so tended to leave the island for better opportunities elsewhere. The latter half of the 19th century saw the advent of steam ships not reliant on trade winds, as well as the diversion of Far East trade away from the traditional South Atlantic shipping lanes to a route via the Red Sea (which, prior to the building of the Suez Canal, involved a short overland section). These factors contributed to a decline in the number of ships calling at the island from 1,100 in 1855 to only 288 in 1889.

Q1: What act gave control of Saint Helena to the British Crown?
A1: 1833 India Act
Q2: Who turned over control of Saint Helena to the British Crown?
A2: East India Company
Q3: During the latter half of the 19th century what ships became prevalent that weren't dependent on trade winds?
A3: steam ships
Q4: How many ships were going to the island in 1855?
A4: 1,100
Q5: By 1889 how many ships were going to the island?
A5: 288
In 1840, a British naval station established to suppress the African slave trade was based on the island, and between 1840 and 1849 over 15,000 freed slaves, known as "Liberated Africans", were landed there.

Q1: Who established a naval station to cut down on African slave trade on the island in 1840?
A1: British
Q2: Between 1840 and 1849 how many freed slaves landed on the island?
A2: over 15,000
Q3: What were the freed slaves known as?
A3: Liberated Africans
In 1858, the French emperor Napoleon III successfully gained the possession, in the name of the French government, of Longwood House and the lands around it, last residence of Napoleon I (who died there in 1821). It is still French property, administered by a French representative and under the authority of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Q1: Which french emperor gained possession of Longwood house and the land surrounding it?
A1: Napoleon III
Q2: What year did the French Emperor Napoleon III take control of Longwood house?
A2: 1858
Q3: Who was the last resident of Longwood house before Napoleon III took it over?
A3: Napoleon I
Q4: Who has authority over Longwood house?
A4: French Ministry of Foreign Affairs
On 11 April 1898 American Joshua Slocum, on his famous and epic solo round the world voyage arrived at Jamestown. He departed on 20 April 1898 for the final leg of his circumnavigation having been extended hospitality from the governor, his Excellency Sir R A Standale, presented two lectures on his voyage and been invited to Longwood by the French Consular agent.

Q1: Who arrived in Jamestown during their solo round the world voyage?
A1: Joshua Slocum
Q2: When did Joshua Slocum arrive in Jamestown?
A2: 11 April 1898
Q3: When did Joshua Slocum depart from Jamestown to continue his trip?
A3: 20 April 1898
Q4: Who presented two lectures on their voyage?
A4: Sir R A Standale
A local industry manufacturing fibre from New Zealand flax was successfully reestablished in 1907 and generated considerable income during the First World War. Ascension Island was made a dependency of Saint Helena in 1922, and Tristan da Cunha followed in 1938. During the Second World War, the United States built Wideawake airport on Ascension in 1942, but no military use was made of Saint Helena.

Q1: What country does the local industry that manufactures fibre get their flax from?
A1: New Zealand
Q2: What island was made a dependency of Saint Helena in 1922?
A2: Ascension Island
Q3: What was the name of the airport the United States built on Ascension Island?
A3: Wideawake airport
Q4: What year was Wideawake Airport built?
A4: 1942
During this period, the island enjoyed increased revenues through the sale of flax, with prices peaking in 1951. However, the industry declined because of transportation costs and competition from synthetic fibres. The decision by the British Post Office to use synthetic fibres for its mailbags was a further blow, contributing to the closure of the island's flax mills in 1965.

Q1: What did the Island sell for increased revenue during this period?
A1: flax
Q2: What year did flax prices peak?
A2: 1951
Q3: The British Post Offices decision to use what kind of fibres hurt the flax industry?
A3: synthetic fibres
Q4: What year did the Island's flax mills close?
A4: 1965
From 1958, the Union Castle shipping line gradually reduced its service calls to the island. Curnow Shipping, based in Avonmouth, replaced the Union-Castle Line mailship service in 1977, using the RMS (Royal Mail Ship) St Helena.

Q1: What year did the Union Castle shipping line slowly start to reduce their service calls to the island?
A1: 1958
Q2: Which shipping company replaced Union-Castle Line mailship service?
A2: Curnow Shipping
Q3: What year was Union-Castle Line mailship replaced?
A3: 1977
The British Nationality Act 1981 reclassified Saint Helena and the other Crown colonies as British Dependent Territories. The islanders lost their right of abode in Britain. For the next 20 years, many could find only low-paid work with the island government, and the only available employment outside Saint Helena was on the Falkland Islands and Ascension Island. The Development and Economic Planning Department, which still operates, was formed in 1988 to contribute to raising the living standards of the people of Saint Helena.

Q1: What right was lost by the citizen of the islands due to the act?
A1: right of abode in Britain
Q2: What department was formed to help raise the living standards of the citizens in Saint Helena?
A2: The Development and Economic Planning Department
Q3: What year was the Development and Economic Planning Department formed?
A3: 1988
Q4: Where was the only work outside of Saint Helena located?
A4: Falkland Islands and Ascension Island
In 1989, Prince Andrew launched the replacement RMS St Helena to serve the island; the vessel was specially built for the Cardiff–Cape Town route and features a mixed cargo/passenger layout.

Q1: What year was the replacement for the RMS St Helena launched?
A1: 1989
Q2: Who launched the replacement RMS St Helena?
A2: Prince Andrew
Q3: What route was the replacement RMS St Helena built for?
A3: Cardiff–Cape Town route
Q4: What kind of layout did the RMS St Helena have?
A4: a mixed cargo/passenger layout.
The Saint Helena Constitution took effect in 1989 and provided that the island would be governed by a Governor and Commander-in-Chief, and an elected Executive and Legislative Council. In 2002, the British Overseas Territories Act 2002 granted full British citizenship to the islanders, and renamed the Dependent Territories (including Saint Helena) the British Overseas Territories. In 2009, Saint Helena and its two territories received equal status under a new constitution, and the British Overseas Territory was renamed Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.

Q1: What year did the Saint Helena Constitution officially take effect?
A1: 1989
Q2: In 2002 what act granted full British citizenship to the citizens of the islands?
A2: British Overseas Territories Act 2002
Q3: What were the dependent territories renamed to?
A3: British Overseas Territories
The UK government has spent £250 million in the construction of the island's airport. Expected to be fully operational early 2016, it is expected to help the island towards self-sufficiency and encourage economic development, reducing dependence on British government aid. The airport is also expected to kick start the tourism industry, with up to 30,000 visitors expected annually. As of August, 2015 ticketing was postponed until an airline could be firmly designated.

Q1: How much money was spent on construction of the island's airport?
A1: 250 million
Q2: Which government built the island's airport?
A2: UK government
Q3: When was the airport expected to be fully functional?
A3: early 2016
Q4: Which industry is the airport supposed to help when it becomes complete?
A4: tourism
Q5: How many tourists are expected annually thanks to the airport?
A5: up to 30,000