romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
The referee may punish a player's or substitute's misconduct by a caution (yellow card) or dismissal (red card). A second yellow card at the same game leads to a red card, and therefore to a dismissal. A player given a yellow card is said to have been "booked", the referee writing the player's name in his official notebook. If a player has been dismissed, no substitute can be brought on in their place. Misconduct may occur at any time, and while the offences that constitute misconduct are listed, the definitions are broad. In particular, the offence of "unsporting behaviour" may be used to deal with most events that violate the spirit of the game, even if they are not listed as specific offences. A referee can show a yellow or red card to a player, substitute or substituted player. Non-players such as managers and support staff cannot be shown the yellow or red card, but may be expelled from the technical area if they fail to conduct themselves in a responsible manner.

Q1: Which card does a referee use to signal a caution to a player?
A1: yellow card
Q2: How many yellow cards lead to a red card?
A2: A second
Q3: A referee gives out a yellow card and writes down the players name in his notebook which is called being what?
A3: booked
Q4: Managers and support staff is considered what and thus cannot be shown a card?
A4: Non-players
Q5: What does a red card mean?
A5: dismissal
Along with the general administration of the sport, football associations and competition organisers also enforce good conduct in wider aspects of the game, dealing with issues such as comments to the press, clubs' financial management, doping, age fraud and match fixing. Most competitions enforce mandatory suspensions for players who are sent off in a game. Some on-field incidents, if considered very serious (such as allegations of racial abuse), may result in competitions deciding to impose heavier sanctions than those normally associated with a red card. Some associations allow for appeals against player suspensions incurred on-field if clubs feel a referee was incorrect or unduly harsh.

Q1: Players who are sent off in a game are often faced with what?
A1: mandatory suspensions
Q2: Sometimes clubs can do what if they feel that a punishment was too harsh?
A2: appeals
Q3: Football associations enforce what kind of conduct?
A3: good
There has been a football tournament at every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles. Before the inception of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during the 1920s) had the same status as the World Cup. Originally, the event was for amateurs only; however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics, professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides. The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level. In the past the Olympics have allowed a restricted number of over-age players per team. A women's tournament was added in 1996; in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament.

Q1: Which year was there not a Summer Olympic Game?
A1: 1932
Q2: In what year was a women's tournament added to the Summer Olympics?
A2: 1996
Q3: What year were professional players allowed to play in the  Summer Olympics?
A3: 1984
Q4: What is the age limit on the Olympic men's tournament?
A4: Under-23
Q5: What was the first year that there was a football tournament at the Summer Olympics?
A5: 1900
After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup.

Q1: What does UEFA Stand for?
A1: European Championship
Q2: The FIFA Confederations Cups is usually considered a warm-up for what?
A2: FIFA World Cup
Q3: What do winners of the continental competition get to do?
A3: contest the FIFA Club World Cup
Q4: What does CAF stand for?
A4: African Cup of Nations
The governing bodies in each country operate league systems in a domestic season, normally comprising several divisions, in which the teams gain points throughout the season depending on results. Teams are placed into tables, placing them in order according to points accrued. Most commonly, each team plays every other team in its league at home and away in each season, in a round-robin tournament. At the end of a season, the top team is declared the champion. The top few teams may be promoted to a higher division, and one or more of the teams finishing at the bottom are relegated to a lower division.

Q1: What do teams gain for doing well throughout the season?
A1: points
Q2: What is the name for the type of tournament teams play in regular season?
A2: round-robin
Q3: What could happen to the top few teams at the end of the season?
A3: promoted to a higher division
Q4: Who operate league systems?
A4: governing bodies
Q5: What happens to the teams at the bottom of the ranks at the end of the season?
A5: relegated to a lower division
A number of players may be replaced by substitutes during the course of the game. The maximum number of substitutions permitted in most competitive international and domestic league games is three, though the permitted number may vary in other competitions or in friendly matches. Common reasons for a substitution include injury, tiredness, ineffectiveness, a tactical switch, or timewasting at the end of a finely poised game. In standard adult matches, a player who has been substituted may not take further part in a match. IFAB recommends "that a match should not continue if there are fewer than seven players in either team." Any decision regarding points awarded for abandoned games is left to the individual football associations.

Q1: What is one who replaces a player during a game called?
A1: substitutes
Q2: What is the maximum number of substitutions during most professional games?
A2: three
Q3: Who decides on who's rewarded points for abandoned games?
A3: individual football associations
Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term "Georgian" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are "architectural in intention", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range.

Q1: Who were the British monarchs of the House of Hanover from August 1714 to June 1830?
A1: George I, George II, George III, and George IV
Q2: What was the 19th century revival of Georgian architecture in the United States referred to as?
A2: Colonial Revival
Q3: Between what years was Georgian architecture in style?
A3: between 1714 and 1830
Q4: What was the name given to the 20th century Great British revival Georgian architecture.
A4: Neo-Georgian
Q5: What was the name of the house of the monarchs in power from 1714 and 1830?
A5: House of Hanover
The style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period.

Q1: What classical architecture is Georgian architecture based on?
A1: Greece and Rome
Q2: What type of architecture did Georgian replace?
A2: English vernacular architecture
Q3: Where is ornament typically not found in Georgian architecture?
A3: the exterior
In towns, which expanded greatly during the period, landowners turned into property developers, and rows of identical terraced houses became the norm. Even the wealthy were persuaded to live in these in town, especially if provided with a square of garden in front of the house. There was an enormous amount of building in the period, all over the English-speaking world, and the standards of construction were generally high. Where they have not been demolished, large numbers of Georgian buildings have survived two centuries or more, and they still form large parts of the core of cities such as London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol.

Q1: During the period of Georgian architecture what did landowners turn into?
A1: property developers
Q2: Where do many buildings constructed during the period of Georgian architecture still exist today?
A2: London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol
Q3: What benefit convinced many wealthy people to move into town during this time?
A3: a square of garden
Q4: What part of the world was mostly dominated by Georgian architecture?
A4: all over the English-speaking world
Q5: What quality were the buildings constructed during that time?
A5: generally high
The period saw the growth of a distinct and trained architectural profession; before the mid-century "the high-sounding title, 'architect' was adopted by anyone who could get away with it". But most buildings were still designed by builders and landlords together, and the wide spread of Georgian architecture, and the Georgian styles of design more generally, came from dissemination through pattern books and inexpensive suites of engravings. This contrasted with earlier styles, which were primarily disseminated among craftsmen through the direct experience of the apprenticeship system. Authors such as the prolific William Halfpenny (active 1723–1755) received editions in America as well as Britain. From the mid-18th century, Georgian styles were assimilated into an architectural vernacular that became part and parcel of the training of every architect, designer, builder, carpenter, mason and plasterer, from Edinburgh to Maryland.

Q1: What high sounding title was adopted by anyone who could get away with it?
A1: architect
Q2: How did most Georgian design styles disseminate?
A2: pattern books and inexpensive suites of engravings
Q3: How did styles disseminate before Georgian architecture?
A3: the apprenticeship system
Q4: Which American author received editions of Georgian architecture?
A4: William Halfpenny
Q5: What years were William Halfpenny active?
A5: 1723–1755
Georgian succeeded the English Baroque of Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Vanbrugh, Thomas Archer, William Talman, and Nicholas Hawksmoor; this in fact continued into at least the 1720s, overlapping with a more restrained Georgian style. The architect James Gibbs was a transitional figure, his earlier buildings are Baroque, reflecting the time he spent in Rome in the early 18th century, but he adjusted his style after 1720. Major architects to promote the change in direction from baroque were Colen Campbell, author of the influential book Vitruvius Britannicus (1715-1725); Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington and his protégé William Kent; Isaac Ware; Henry Flitcroft and the Venetian Giacomo Leoni, who spent most of his career in England. Other prominent architects of the early Georgian period include James Paine, Robert Taylor, and John Wood, the Elder. The European Grand Tour became very common for wealthy patrons in the period, and Italian influence remained dominant, though at the start of the period Hanover Square, Westminster (1713 on), developed and occupied by Whig supporters of the new dynasty, seems to have deliberately adopted German stylisic elements in their honour, especially vertical bands connecting the windows.

Q1: What style did Georgian succeed?
A1: English Baroque
Q2: Which architect was a transitional figure?
A2: James Gibbs
Q3: What became very popular with wealthy patrons during this period?
A3: The European Grand Tour
Q4: Which book did Colen Campbell write?
A4: Vitruvius Britannicus
Q5: What Venetian spent most of his career in England?
A5: Giacomo Leoni
The styles that resulted fall within several categories. In the mainstream of Georgian style were both Palladian architecture— and its whimsical alternatives, Gothic and Chinoiserie, which were the English-speaking world's equivalent of European Rococo. From the mid-1760s a range of Neoclassical modes were fashionable, associated with the British architects Robert Adam, James Gibbs, Sir William Chambers, James Wyatt, George Dance the Younger, Henry Holland and Sir John Soane. John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of the late Georgian era known as The Regency style, he was responsible for designing large areas of London. Greek Revival architecture was added to the repertory, beginning around 1750, but increasing in popularity after 1800. Leading exponents were William Wilkins and Robert Smirke.

Q1: What are the whimsical alternatives of Palladian architecture?
A1: Gothic and Chinoiserie
Q2: Gothic and Chinoiserie were the English-speaking world's equivalent of what style?
A2: European Rococo
Q3: John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of which style?
A3: The Regency style
Q4: Around what year was the Greek Revival added to the repertory?
A4: around 1750
Q5: Who were two leading exponent of the Greek Revival style?
A5: William Wilkins and Robert Smirke
Georgian architecture is characterized by its proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios were used to determine the height of a window in relation to its width or the shape of a room as a double cube. Regularity, as with ashlar (uniformly cut) stonework, was strongly approved, imbuing symmetry and adherence to classical rules: the lack of symmetry, where Georgian additions were added to earlier structures remaining visible, was deeply felt as a flaw, at least before Nash began to introduce it in a variety of styles. Regularity of housefronts along a street was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning. Until the start of the Gothic Revival in the early 19th century, Georgian designs usually lay within the Classical orders of architecture and employed a decorative vocabulary derived from ancient Rome or Greece.

Q1: Georgian architecture is characterized by?
A1: its proportion and balance
Q2: What was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning?
A2: Regularity of housefronts
Q3: What was considered a deep flaw of Georgian architecture?
A3: lack of symmetry
Q4: What decorative vocabulary did Georgian designs draw from?
A4: ancient Rome or Greece
Versions of revived Palladian architecture dominated English country house architecture. Houses were increasingly placed in grand landscaped settings, and large houses were generally made wide and relatively shallow, largely to look more impressive from a distance. The height was usually highest in the centre, and the Baroque emphasis on corner pavilions often found on the continent generally avoided. In grand houses, an entrance hall led to steps up to a piano nobile or mezzanine floor where the main reception rooms were. Typically the basement area or "rustic", with kitchens, offices and service areas, as well as male guests with muddy boots, came some way above ground, and was lit by windows that were high on the inside, but just above ground level outside. A single block was typical, with a perhaps a small court for carriages at the front marked off by railings and a gate, but rarely a stone gatehouse, or side wings around the court.

Q1: What revived style dominated English country house architecture?
A1: Palladian
Q2: What was done to make houses look more impressive from a distance?
A2: made wide and relatively shallow
Q3: Where was the height generally highest in Palladian architecture?
A3: the centre
Q4: Where were areas such as kitchens, offices, and service areas generally found?
A4: basement area
Q5: What floor were the main receptions rooms generally located?
A5: mezzanine floor
Windows in all types of buildings were large and regularly placed on a grid; this was partly to minimize window tax, which was in force throughout the period in the United Kingdom. Some windows were subsequently bricked-in. Their height increasingly varied between the floors, and they increasingly began below waist-height in the main rooms, making a small balcony desirable. Before this the internal plan and function of the rooms can generally not be deduced from the outside. To open these large windows the sash window, already developed by the 1670s, became very widespread. Corridor plans became universal inside larger houses.

Q1: What tax was in force throughout the United Kingdom during this time?
A1: window tax
Q2: When was the sash window developed?
A2: the 1670s
Q3: What plans became universal inside larger houses?
A3: Corridor plans
Q4: What cannot be generally deduced from the outside?
A4: the internal plan and function of the rooms
Q5: What aspect of windows generally varied between floors?
A5: Their height
Internal courtyards became more rare, except beside the stables, and the functional parts of the building were placed at the sides, or in separate buildings nearby hidden by trees. The views to and from the front and rear of the main block were concentrated on, with the side approaches usually much less important. The roof was typically invisible from the ground, though domes were sometimes visible in grander buildings. The roofline was generally clear of ornament except for a balustrade or the top of a pediment. Columns or pilasters, often topped by a pediment, were popular for ornament inside and out, and other ornament was generally geometrical or plant-based, rather than using the human figure.

Q1: What was often used to hide functional parts of buildings?
A1: trees
Q2: What was occasionally visible in grander buildings?
A2: domes
Q3: What often topped pilasters of columns?
A3: pediment
Q4: What designs did ornament use to avoid using the human figure?
A4: geometrical or plant-based
Q5: What aspect of buildings became very rare?
A5: Internal courtyards
Inside ornament was far more generous, and could sometimes be overwhelming. The chimneypiece continued to be the usual main focus of rooms, and was now given a classical treatment, and increasingly topped by a painting or a mirror. Plasterwork ceilings, carved wood, and bold schemes of wallpaint formed a backdrop to increasingly rich collections of furniture, paintings, porcelain, mirrors, and objets d'art of all kinds. Wood-panelling, very common since about 1500, fell from favour around the mid-century, and wallpaper included very expensive imports from China.

Q1: Where could sometimes overwhelming ornament be found?
A1: Inside ornament
Q2: What was the typical main focus of rooms?
A2: chimneypiece
Q3: What type of ceilings became commonplace?
A3: Plasterwork ceilings
Q4: What fell out of favor during this time?
A4: Wood-panelling
Q5: Where was very expensive wallpaper imported from?
A5: China
In towns even most better-off people lived in terraced houses, which typically opened straight onto the street, often with a few steps up to the door. There was often an open space, protected by iron railings, dropping down to the basement level, with a discreet entrance down steps off the street for servants and deliveries; this is known as the "area". This meant that the ground floor front was now removed and protected from the street and encouraged the main reception rooms to move there from the floor above. Where, as often, a new street or set of streets was developed, the road and pavements were raised up, and the gardens or yards behind the houses at a lower level, usually representing the original one.

Q1: Most town people lived in what type of houses?
A1: terraced houses
Q2: What was used to protect the "area"?
A2: iron railings
Q3: Due to new entry styles what rooms were often moved down a floor?
A3: main reception rooms
Town terraced houses for all social classes remained resolutely tall and narrow, each dwelling occupying the whole height of the building. This contrasted with well-off continental dwellings, which had already begun to be formed of wide apartments occupying only one or two floors of a building; such arrangements were only typical in England when housing groups of batchelors, as in Oxbridge colleges, the lawyers in the Inns of Court or The Albany after it was converted in 1802. In the period in question, only in Edinburgh were working-class purpose-built tenements common, though lodgers were common in other cities. A curving crescent, often looking out at gardens or a park, was popular for terraces where space allowed. In early and central schemes of development, plots were sold and built on individually, though there was often an attempt to enforce some uniformity, but as development reached further out schemes were increasingly built as a uniform scheme and then sold.

Q1: What shape and size did most town terraced houses take on?
A1: tall and narrow
Q2: What year did The Albany convert?
A2: 1802
Q3: Well-off continental dwellings consisted of?
A3: wide apartments occupying only one or two floors of a building
Q4: What was the only city where working class purpose built tenements common?
A4: Edinburgh
Q5: What was popular for terraces where there was enough space?
A5: A curving crescent
The late Georgian period saw the birth of the semi-detached house, planned systematically, as a suburban compromise between the terraced houses of the city and the detached "villas" further out, where land was cheaper. There had been occasional examples in town centres going back to medieval times. Most early suburban examples are large, and in what are now the outer fringes of Central London, but were then in areas being built up for the first time. Blackheath, Chalk Farm and St John's Wood are among the areas contesting being the original home of the semi. Sir John Summerson gave primacy to the Eyre Estate of St John's Wood. A plan for this exists dated 1794, where "the whole development consists of pairs of semi-detached houses, So far as I know, this is the first recorded scheme of the kind". In fact the French Wars put an end to this scheme, but when the development was finally built it retained the semi-detached form, "a revolution of striking significance and far-reaching effect".

Q1: What cities contest to being the original home of the semi?
A1: Blackheath, Chalk Farm and St John's Wood
Q2: A plan for a semi-detached houses was dated for what year?
A2: 1794
Q3: Who conferred primacy to the Eyre Estate of St John's Wood?
A3: Sir John Summerson
Q4: What put an end to the scheme of semi-detached houses?
A4: the French Wars