romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
The first notable, and historically important, book credited to a Bermudian was The History of Mary Prince, a slave narrative by Mary Prince. It is thought to have contributed to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire. Ernest Graham Ingham, an expatriate author, published his books at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 20th century, numerous books were written and published locally, though few were directed at a wider market than Bermuda. (The latter consisted primarily of scholarly works rather than creative writing). The novelist Brian Burland (1931– 2010) achieved a degree of success and acclaim internationally. More recently, Angela Barry has won critical recognition for her published fiction.

Q1: What historical significance can the book The History of Mary Prince claim?
A1: The first notable, and historically important, book credited to a Bermudian
Q2: What contribution to history is it believed the History of Mary Prince made?
A2: thought to have contributed to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire
Q3: The majority of books published by local authors were of what nature?
A3: scholarly
Q4: Which local author most recently enjoyed success for published works of fiction?
A4: Angela Barry
Bermuda watercolours painted by local artists are sold at various galleries. Hand-carved cedar sculptures are another speciality. One such 7 ft (2.1 m) sculpture, created by Bermudian sculptor Chesley Trott, is installed at the airport's baggage claim area. In 2010, his sculpture The Arrival was unveiled near the bay to commemorate the freeing of slaves from the American brig Enterprise in 1835. Local artwork may also be viewed at several galleries around the island. Alfred Birdsey was one of the more famous and talented watercolourists; his impressionistic landscapes of Hamilton, St George's and the surrounding sailboats, homes, and bays of Bermuda are world-renowned.

Q1: What type of painting are Bermuda artists known for?
A1: watercolours
Q2: What type of art work does Chesley Trott produce?
A2: Hand-carved cedar sculptures
Q3: What significant event does the sculpture The Arrival portray?
A3: the freeing of slaves from the American brig Enterprise in 1835
Q4: Who is one of Bermuda's most famous watercolourists?
A4: Alfred Birdsey
Bermuda was discovered in 1503 by Spanish explorer Juan de Bermúdez. It is mentioned in Legatio Babylonica, published in 1511 by historian Pedro Mártir de Anglería, and was also included on Spanish charts of that year. Both Spanish and Portuguese ships used the islands as a replenishment spot to take on fresh meat and water. Legends arose of spirits and devils, now thought to have stemmed from the calls of raucous birds (most likely the Bermuda petrel, or Cahow) and the loud noise heard at night from wild hogs. Combined with the frequent storm-wracked conditions and the dangerous reefs, the archipelago became known as the Isle of Devils. Neither Spain nor Portugal tried to settle it.

Q1: Who is credited with discovering Bermuda?
A1: Juan de Bermúdez
Q2: What did Spanish and Portugese ships use the islands for?
A2: a replenishment spot to take on fresh meat and water
Q3: What did early visitors attribute the noises of the islands to?
A3: spirits and devils,
Q4: Crazy noises from indigenous animals, frequent storms and hazardous reefs earned the islands what name?
A4: Isle of Devils
It established a colony at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. Two years later, a flotilla of seven ships left England under the Company's Admiral, Sir George Somers, and the new Governor of Jamestown, Sir Thomas Gates, with several hundred settlers, food and supplies to relieve the colony of Jamestown. Somers had previous experience sailing with both Sir Francis Drake and Sir Walter Raleigh. The flotilla was broken up by a storm. As the flagship, the Sea Venture, was taking on water, Somers drove it onto Bermuda's reef and gained the shores safely with smaller boats – all 150 passengers and a dog survived. (William Shakespeare's play The Tempest, in which the character Ariel refers to the "still-vex'd Bermoothes" (I.ii.229), is thought to have been inspired by William Strachey's account of this shipwreck.) They stayed 10 months, starting a new settlement and building two small ships to sail to Jamestown. The island was claimed for the English Crown, and the charter of the Virginia Company was later extended to include it.

Q1: Sir George Somers embarked on a mission to do what?
A1: relieve the colony of Jamestown
Q2: The devastating wreck of the flotilla is said to have inspired what playwrite?
A2: William Shakespeare
Q3: How long did Sommer's settlers stay in Bermuda?
A3: 10 months
Q4: Who did Sommer's claim the island for?
A4: the English Crown
In 1610, all but three of the survivors of the Sea Venture sailed on to Jamestown. Among them was John Rolfe, whose wife and child died and were buried in Bermuda. Later in Jamestown he married Pocahontas, a daughter of the powerful Powhatan, leader of a large confederation of about 30 Algonquian-speaking tribes in coastal Virginia. In 1612, the English began intentional settlement of Bermuda with the arrival of the ship Plough. St. George's was settled that year and designated as Bermuda's first capital. It is the oldest continually inhabited English town in the New World.

Q1: Who was one of the original survivor's to sail on to Jamestown.
A1: John Rolfe
Q2: What is one of the main things John Rolfe is known for?
A2: married Pocahontas
Q3: When did the English begin their intentional settlement of Bermuda?
A3: 1612,
Q4: What is St. George credited with?
A4: oldest continually inhabited English town in the New World.
Because of its limited land area, Bermuda has had difficulty with over-population. In the first two centuries of settlement, it relied on steady human emigration to keep the population manageable.[citation needed] Before the American Revolution more than ten thousand Bermudians (over half of the total population through the years) gradually emigrated, primarily to the Southern United States. As Great Britain displaced Spain as the dominant European imperial power, it opened up more land for colonial development. A steady trickle of outward migration continued. With seafaring the only real industry in the early decades, by the end of the 18th century, at least a third of the island's manpower was at sea at any one time.

Q1: What is a major reason that Bermuda has problems with overpopulation?
A1: limited land area,
Q2: What does Bermuda rely on to counteract overpopulation?
A2: steady human emigration
Q3: Where did a large number of Bermudians emigrate to before the American Revolution?
A3: the Southern United States
Q4: Why does a third of the population spend time at sea?
A4: seafaring the only real industry
In the 17th century, the Somers Isles Company suppressed shipbuilding, as it needed Bermudians to farm to generate income from the land. Agricultural production met with limited success, however. The Bermuda cedar boxes used to ship tobacco to England were reportedly worth more than their contents.[citation needed] The colony of Virginia far surpassed Bermuda in both quality and quantity of tobacco produced. Bermudians began to turn to maritime trades relatively early in the 17th century, but the Somers Isles Company used all its authority to suppress turning away from agriculture. This interference led to the islanders demanding, and receiving, the revocation of the Company's charter in 1684, and the Company was dissolved.

Q1: Why did the Somers Isles Company decide to surpress shipbuilding?
A1: needed Bermudians to farm to generate income from the land
Q2: Why wasn't agriculture successful?
A2: colony of Virginia far surpassed Bermuda in both quality and quantity of tobacco produced
Q3: What did Bermudians do when agriculture failed?
A3: turn to maritime trades
Q4: Why was the Somers Isles Company's charter revoked?
A4: islanders demanding
The end of the war, however, was to cause profound change in Bermuda, though some of those changes would take decades to crystallise. Following the war, with the buildup of Naval and military forces in Bermuda, the primary leg of the Bermudian economy became defence infrastructure. Even after tourism began later in the 19th century, Bermuda remained, in the eyes of London, a base more than a colony. The Crown strengthened its political and economic ties to Bermuda, and the colony's independence on the world stage was diminished.

Q1: What event caused major changes in Bermuda?
A1: end of the war
Q2: Why did defence infrastructure become the major source of Bermuda's economy?
A2: buildup of Naval and military forces in Bermuda,
Q3: How does the British crown view Bermuda?
A3: a base more than a colony
Q4: What happened to Bermuda's independance due to British importance on them for military reasons?
A4: the colony's independence on the world stage was diminished
The war had removed Bermuda's primary trading partners, the American colonies, from the empire, and dealt a harsh blow to Bermuda's merchant shipping trade. This also suffered due to the deforestation of Bermuda, as well as the advent of metal ships and steam propulsion, for which it did not have raw materials. During the course of the following War of 1812, the primary market for Bermuda's salt disappeared as the Americans developed their own sources. Control of the Turks had passed to the Bahamas in 1819.

Q1: Who was Bermuda's main trading partner before the war?
A1: American colonies
Q2: What is a factor that hurt Bermuda's merchant shipping?
A2: deforestation
Q3: Why didn't Bermuda produce metal ships?
A3: it did not have raw materials
Q4: Why did the need for Bermuda's salt diminish?
A4: Americans developed their own sources
The most famous escapee was the Boer prisoner of war Captain Fritz Joubert Duquesne who was serving a life sentence for "conspiracy against the British government and on (the charge of) espionage.". On the night of 25 June 1902, Duquesne slipped out of his tent, worked his way over a barbed-wire fence, swam 1.5 miles (2.4 km) past patrol boats and bright spot lights, through storm-wracked, shark infested waters, using a distant lighthouse for navigation until he arrived ashore on the main island. From there he escaped to the port of St. George's and a week later, he stowed away on a boat heading to Baltimore, Maryland. He settled in the US and later became a spy for Germany in both World Wars. In 1942, Col. Duquesne was arrested by the FBI for leading the Duquesne Spy Ring, which still to this day the largest espionage case in the history of the United States.

Q1: Why is Captain Fritz Joubert Duquesne famous?
A1: most famous escapee
Q2: After Duquesne made his way to St. George, what did he do?
A2: stowed away on a boat heading to Baltimore, Maryland
Q3: After settling in the US, what did Duquesne do?
A3: became a spy for Germany in both World Wars
After several failed attempts, in 1930 the first aeroplane reached Bermuda. A Stinson Detroiter seaplane flying from New York, it had to land twice in the ocean: once because of darkness and again to refuel. Navigation and weather forecasting improved in 1933 when the Royal Air Force (then responsible for providing equipment and personnel for the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm) established a station at the Royal Naval Dockyard to repair (and supply replacement) float planes for the fleet. In 1936 Luft Hansa began to experiment with seaplane flights from Berlin via the Azores with continuation to New York City.

Q1: When did the first aeroplane reach Bermuda?
A1: 1930
Q2: Why did the plane have to land twice before reaching Bermuda?
A2: once because of darkness and again to refuel
Q3: What improved thanks to the Royal Air Force in 1933?
A3: Navigation and weather forecasting
Q4: Who began experimenting with flights from Berlin to New York, stopping in the azores?
A4: Luft Hansa
In 1937, Imperial Airways and Pan American World Airways began operating scheduled flying-boat airline services from New York and Baltimore to Darrell's Island, Bermuda. In 1948, regularly scheduled commercial airline service by land-based aeroplanes began to Kindley Field (now L.F. Wade International Airport), helping tourism to reach its peak in the 1960s–1970s. By the end of the 1970s, international business had supplanted tourism as the dominant sector of Bermuda's economy (see Economy of Bermuda).

Q1: What did Imperial Airways and Pan American begin scheduling in 1937?
A1: flying-boat airline services from New York and Baltimore to Darrell's Island, Bermuda
Q2: What helped tourism grow to new heights in the 1960-1970's?
A2: regularly scheduled commercial airline service by land-based aeroplanes
Q3: What became the main source of Bermuda's economy in the 1970's?
A3: international business
Executive authority in Bermuda is vested in the monarch and is exercised on her behalf by the Governor. The governor is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the British Government. The current governor is George Fergusson; he was sworn in on 23 May 2012. There is also a Deputy Governor (currently David Arkley JP). Defence and foreign affairs are carried out by the United Kingdom, which also retains responsibility to ensure good government. It must approve any changes to the Constitution of Bermuda. Bermuda is classified as a British Overseas Territory, but it is the oldest British colony. In 1620, a Royal Assent granted Bermuda limited self-governance; its Parliament is the fifth oldest in the world, behind the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the Tynwald of the Isle of Man, the Althing of Iceland, and Sejm of Poland. Of these, only Bermuda's and the Isle of Man's Tynwald have been in continuous existence since 1620.

Q1: The Governor of Bermuda gets his authority from whom?
A1: the monarch
Q2: Who appoints the Governor of Bermuda?
A2: the Queen on the advice of the British Government.
Q3: Who is currently the governor of Bermuda?
A3: George Fergusson
Q4: Who is responsible for defence and foreign affairs?
A4: United Kingdom
Q5: What is Bermuda officially classified as?
A5: British Overseas Territory
The Constitution of Bermuda came into force on 1 June 1967; it was amended in 1989 and 2003. The head of government is the premier. A cabinet is nominated by the premier and appointed officially by the governor. The legislative branch consists of a bicameral parliament modelled on the Westminster system. The Senate is the upper house, consisting of 11 members appointed by the governor on the advice of the premier and the leader of the opposition. The House of Assembly, or lower house, has 36 members, elected by the eligible voting populace in secret ballot to represent geographically defined constituencies.

Q1: When was the Constitution of Bermuda enforced?
A1: 1 June 1967
Q2: Has Bermuda's constitution ever been amended?
A2: it was amended in 1989 and 2003
Q3: What is the head of Bermuda's government referred to as?
A3: the premier
Q4: What is the legislative branch of Bermuda modeled after?
A4: Westminster system.
Q5: What does the population get to vote for?
A5: The House of Assembly, or lower house
There are few accredited diplomats in Bermuda. The United States maintains the largest diplomatic mission in Bermuda, comprising both the United States Consulate and the US Customs and Border Protection Services at the L.F. Wade International Airport. The current US Consul General is Robert Settje, who took office in August 2012. The United States is Bermuda's largest trading partner (providing over 71% of total imports, 85% of tourist visitors, and an estimated $163 billion of US capital in the Bermuda insurance/re-insurance industry), and an estimated 5% of Bermuda residents are US citizens, representing 14% of all foreign-born persons. The American diplomatic presence is an important element in the Bermuda political landscape.

Q1: Who has the largest accredited diplomats in Bermuda?
A1: The United States
Q2: Who is the current US Consul General?
A2: Robert Settje
Q3: Why is the US so important to Bermuda?
A3: The United States is Bermuda's largest trading partner
Q4: What percentage of Bermuda's residents are US citizens?
A4: 5%
On 11 June 2009, four Uyghurs who had been held in the United States Guantánamo Bay detention camp, in Cuba, were transferred to Bermuda. The four men were among 22 Uyghurs who claimed to be refugees, who were captured in 2001 in Pakistan after fleeing the American aerial bombardment of Afghanistan. They were accused of training to assist the Taliban's military. They were cleared as safe for release from Guantánamo in 2005 or 2006, but US domestic law prohibited deporting them back to China, their country of citizenship, because the US government determined that China was likely to violate their human rights.

Q1: Where were the Uyghurs transferred from?
A1: United States Guantánamo Bay detention camp
Q2: What were the Uyghurs claiming to be?
A2: refugees, who were captured in 2001 in Pakistan
Q3: What were the Ugyhurs accused of?
A3: training to assist the Taliban's military.
Q4: Why weren't the Ugyhurs deported back to China?
A4: the US government determined that China was likely to violate their human rights.
Homosexuality was decriminalised in Bermuda with the passage of the Stubbs Bill in May 1994. Legislation was introduced by Private Members Bill by PLP MP Wayne Furbert to amend the Human Rights Act of Bermuda to disallow Same Sex Marriage under the Act in February 2016. The OBA government simultaneously introduced a bill to permit Civil Unions. Both measures were in response to a decision by His Hon Mr. Justice Ian Kawaley, Chief Justice of Bermuda's earlier ruling that same sex spouses of Bermuda citizens could not be denied basic Human Rights.

Q1: When was homosexuality legalized in Bermuda?
A1: May 1994.
Q2: What occurred in February of 2016?
A2: The OBA government simultaneously introduced a bill to permit Civil Unions
Q3: What did the Chief Justice decide?
A3: same sex spouses of Bermuda citizens could not be denied basic Human Rights.
This is a socio-economic bloc of nations in or near the Caribbean Sea. Other outlying member states include the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and the Republic of Suriname in South America, along with Belize in Central America. The Turks and Caicos Islands, an associate member of CARICOM, and the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, a full member of CARICOM, are in the Atlantic, but near to the Caribbean. Other nearby nations or territories, such as the United States, are not members (although the US Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has observer status, and the United States Virgin Islands announced in 2007 they would seek ties with CARICOM). Bermuda, at roughly a thousand miles from the Caribbean Sea, has little trade with, and little economically in common with, the region, and joined primarily to strengthen cultural links.

Q1: What did the Virgin Islands announce in 2007?
A1: they would seek ties with CARICOM
Q2: Why did Bermuda join CARICOM?
A2: primarily to strengthen cultural links.
Q3: Who has "observer status" to CARICOM?
A3: US Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
Bermuda was colonised by the English as an extension of Virginia and has long had close ties with the US Atlantic Seaboard and Canadian Maritimes as well as the UK. It had a history of African slavery, although Britain abolished it decades before the US. Since the 20th century, there has been considerable immigration to Bermuda from the West Indies, as well as continued immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands. Unlike immigrants from British colonies in the West Indies, the latter immigrants have had greater difficulty in becoming permanent residents as they lacked British citizenship, mostly spoke no English, and required renewal of work permits to remain beyond an initial period. From the 1950s onwards, Bermuda relaxed its immigration laws, allowing increased immigration from Britain and Canada. Some Black politicians accused the government of using this device to counter the West Indian immigration of previous decades.

Q1: Why did the English originally colonize Bermuda?
A1: an extension of Virginia
Q2: What two areas have provided a constant stream of immigration to Bermuda since the 20th century?
A2: West Indies, as well as continued immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands
Q3: Why have these recent immigrants had trouble becoming permanent residents?
A3: they lacked British citizenship
Q4: When did Bermuda ease up on its immigration laws?
A4: 1950s
Q5: Why were Black politicians upset about the change in immigration laws?
A5: accused the government of using this device to counter the West Indian immigration of previous decades.
The PLP, the party in government when the decision to join CARICOM was made, has been dominated for decades by West Indians and their descendants. (The prominent roles of West Indians among Bermuda's black politicians and labour activists predated party politics in Bermuda, as exemplified by Dr. E. F. Gordon). The late PLP leader, Dame Lois Browne-Evans, and her Trinidadian-born husband, John Evans (who co-founded the West Indian Association of Bermuda in 1976), were prominent members of this group. They have emphasised Bermuda's cultural connections with the West Indies. Many Bermudians, both black and white, who lack family connections to the West Indies have objected to this emphasis.

Q1: What cultural group has dominated the PLP?
A1: West Indians and their descendants.
Q2: Who are two prominent members of the PLP?
A2: Dame Lois Browne-Evans, and her Trinidadian-born husband, John Evans
Q3: What are Dame Lois Browne-Evans and her husband putting an emphasis on?
A3: Bermuda's cultural connections with the West Indies
Q4: Why are some Bermudians against the emphasis of West Indies cultural connections?
A4: Many Bermudians, both black and white, who lack family connections to the West Indies
Once known as "the Gibraltar of the West" and "Fortress Bermuda", Bermuda today is defended by forces of the British government. For the first two centuries of settlement, the most potent armed force operating from Bermuda was its merchant shipping fleet, which turned to privateering at every opportunity. The Bermuda government maintained a local militia. After the American Revolutionary War, Bermuda was established as the Western Atlantic headquarters of the Royal Navy. Once the Royal Navy established a base and dockyard defended by regular soldiers, however, the militias were disbanded following the War of 1812. At the end of the 19th century, the colony raised volunteer units to form a reserve for the military garrison.

Q1: Due to the British goverment's defense forces, what are two nicknames for bermuda?
A1: the Gibraltar of the West" and "Fortress Bermuda"
Q2: What did Bermuda's merchant shipping fleet do whenever it had the chance?
A2: turned to privateering
Q3: What was Bermuda established as after the American Revolutionary War?
A3: Western Atlantic headquarters of the Royal Navy.
Q4: When were the militias in Bermuda disbanded?
A4: following the War of 1812
Q5: How did the colony form a military garrison in the 19th century?
A5: raised volunteer units to form a reserve
In May 1940, the US requested base rights in Bermuda from the United Kingdom, but British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was initially unwilling to accede to the American request without getting something in return. In September 1940, as part of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement, the UK granted the US base rights in Bermuda. Bermuda and Newfoundland were not originally included in the agreement, but both were added to it, with no war material received by the UK in exchange. One of the terms of the agreement was that the airfield the US Army built would be used jointly by the US and the UK (which it was for the duration of the war, with RAF Transport Command relocating there from Darrell's Island in 1943).

Q1: What did the US ask of Britain in May 1940?
A1: base rights in Bermuda
Q2: What did the Destroyers for Bases Agreement do?
A2: granted the US base rights in Bermuda
Q3: What was one thing the UK wanted in return for granting access to Bermuda?
A3: the airfield the US Army built would be used jointly by the US and the UK
Q4: Who was the Prime Minister who reached this agreement with the US?
A4: Winston Churchill