romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Other less likely contenders are Guam and the United States Virgin Islands, both of which are unincorporated organized territories of the United States. Also, the Northern Mariana Islands and American Samoa, an unorganized, unincorporated territory, could both attempt to gain statehood. Some proposals call for the Virgin Islands to be admitted with Puerto Rico as one state (often known as the proposed "Commonwealth of Prusvi", for Puerto Rico/U.S. Virgin Islands, or as "Puerto Virgo"), and for the amalgamation of U.S. territories or former territories in the Pacific Ocean, in the manner of the "Greater Hawaii" concept of the 1960s. Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands would be admitted as one state, along with Palau, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Marshall Islands (although these latter three entities are now separate sovereign nations, which have Compact of Free Association relationships with the United States). Such a state would have a population of 412,381 (slightly lower than Wyoming's population) and a land area of 911.82 square miles (2,361.6 km2) (slightly smaller than Rhode Island). American Samoa could possibly be part of such a state, increasing the population to 467,900 and the area to 988.65 square miles (2,560.6 km2). Radio Australia, in late May 2008, issued signs of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands becoming one again and becoming the 51st state.

Q1: What is another likely country for statehood?
A1: Guam
Q2: What is another likely country for statehood?
A2: United States Virgin Islands
Q3: What entity reported on Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands becoming one again?
A3: Radio Australia
The Philippines has had small grassroots movements for U.S. statehood. Originally part of the platform of the Progressive Party, then known as the Federalista Party, the party dropped it in 1907, which coincided with the name change. As recently as 2004, the concept of the Philippines becoming a U.S. state has been part of a political platform in the Philippines. Supporters of this movement include Filipinos who believe that the quality of life in the Philippines would be higher and that there would be less poverty there if the Philippines were an American state or territory. Supporters also include Filipinos that had fought as members of the United States Armed Forces in various wars during the Commonwealth period.

Q1: What country had small grassroots movement for US Statehood?
A1: The Philippines
Q2: What party used to be known as the Federalista Party?
A2: Federalista Party
Q3: What was the most recent year of the Phillipines pushing for statehood?
A3: 2004
In Canada, "the 51st state" is a phrase generally used in such a way as to imply that if a certain political course is taken, Canada's destiny will be as little more than a part of the United States. Examples include the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement in 1988, the debate over the creation of a common defense perimeter, and as a potential consequence of not adopting proposals intended to resolve the issue of Quebec sovereignty, the Charlottetown Accord in 1992 and the Clarity Act in 1999.

Q1: What is another connotation for the 51st state label?
A1: if a certain political course is taken, Canada's destiny will be as little more than a part of the United States
Q2: When was the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement enacted?
A2: 1988
Q3: When was the Charlottetown Accord signed?
A3: 1992
Q4: When did the Clarity Act go into effect?
A4: 1999
The phrase is usually used in local political debates, in polemic writing or in private conversations. It is rarely used by politicians themselves in a public context, although at certain times in Canadian history political parties have used other similarly loaded imagery. In the 1988 federal election, the Liberals asserted that the proposed Free Trade Agreement amounted to an American takeover of Canada—notably, the party ran an ad in which Progressive Conservative (PC) strategists, upon the adoption of the agreement, slowly erased the Canada-U.S. border from a desktop map of North America. Within days, however, the PCs responded with an ad which featured the border being drawn back on with a permanent marker, as an announcer intoned "Here's where we draw the line."

Q1: Who suggested that the Free Trade Agreement amounted to an American takeover of Canada?
A1: Liberals
Q2: When was this campaign ran?
A2: In the 1988 federal election
Q3: Who erased the border in the ad?
A3: Progressive Conservative (PC) strategists
Q4: What was the slogan of this ad?
A4: "Here's where we draw the line."
The implication has historical basis and dates to the breakup of British America during the American Revolution. The colonies that had confederated to form the United States invaded Canada (at the time a term referring specifically to the modern-day provinces of Quebec and Ontario, which had only been in British hands since 1763) at least twice, neither time succeeding in taking control of the territory. The first invasion was during the Revolution, under the assumption that French-speaking Canadians' presumed hostility towards British colonial rule combined with the Franco-American alliance would make them natural allies to the American cause; the Continental Army successfully recruited two Canadian regiments for the invasion. That invasion's failure forced the members of those regiments into exile, and they settled mostly in upstate New York. The Articles of Confederation, written during the Revolution, included a provision for Canada to join the United States, should they ever decide to do so, without needing to seek U.S. permission as other states would. The United States again invaded Canada during the War of 1812, but this effort was made more difficult due to the large number of Loyalist Americans that had fled to what is now Ontario and still resisted joining the republic. The Hunter Patriots in the 1830s and the Fenian raids after the American Civil War were private attacks on Canada from the U.S. Several U.S. politicians in the 19th century also spoke in favour of annexing Canada.

Q1: When did Quebec land in British hands?
A1: 1763
Q2: When did Ontario land in British hands?
A2: 1763
Q3: During which the US invade Canada?
A3: the War of 1812
Q4: What did several US politicians suggest doing in the 19th century?
A4: annexing Canada
In the late 1940s, during the last days of the Dominion of Newfoundland (at the time a dominion-dependency in the Commonwealth and independent of Canada), there was mainstream support, although not majority, for Newfoundland to form an economic union with the United States, thanks to the efforts of the Economic Union Party and significant U.S. investment in Newfoundland stemming from the U.S.-British alliance in World War II. The movement ultimately failed when, in a 1948 referendum, voters narrowly chose to confederate with Canada (the Economic Union Party supported an independent "responsible government" that they would then push toward their goals).

Q1: When were the last days of the Dominion of Newfoundland?
A1: In the late 1940s
Q2: What did the Economic Union Party support?
A2: an independent "responsible government"
Q3: What was the result of the 1948 referendum?
A3: The movement ultimately failed
In the United States, the term "the 51st state" when applied to Canada can serve to highlight the similarities and close relationship between the United States and Canada. Sometimes the term is used disparagingly, intended to deride Canada as an unimportant neighbor. In the Quebec general election, 1989, the political party Parti 51 ran 11 candidates on a platform of Quebec seceding from Canada to join the United States (with its leader, André Perron, claiming Quebec could not survive as an independent nation). The party attracted just 3,846 votes across the province, 0.11% of the total votes cast. In comparison, the other parties in favour of sovereignty of Quebec in that election got 40.16% (PQ) and 1.22% (NPDQ).

Q1: What does Canada being referred to as the 51st state in a positive way mean in the US, generally?
A1: can serve to highlight the similarities and close relationship between the United States and Canada
Q2: What is a negative connotation of the term?
A2: to deride Canada as an unimportant neighbor
Q3: How man votes did Parti 51 attract in 1989?
A3: just 3,846 votes
Q4: What did the other parties receive that year?
A4: 40.16% (PQ) and 1.22% (NPDQ)
Due to geographical proximity of the Central American countries to the U.S. which has powerful military, economic, and political influences, there were several movements and proposals by the United States during the 19th and 20th centuries to annex some or all of the Central American republics (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras with the formerly British-ruled Bay Islands, Nicaragua, Panama which had the U.S.-ruled Canal Zone territory from 1903 to 1979, and formerly British Honduras or Belize since 1981). However, the U.S. never acted on these proposals from some U.S. politicians; some of which were never delivered or considered seriously. In 2001, El Salvador adopted the U.S. dollar as its currency, while Panama has used it for decades due to its ties to the Canal Zone.

Q1: When did Panama have the US-ruled Canal Zone Territory?
A1: from 1903 to 1979
Q2: When did El Salvador adopt the US Dollar as its currency?
A2: 2001
Q3: When did the British Honduras become Belize?
A3: since 1981
Cuba, like many Spanish territories, wanted to break free from Spain. A pro-independence movement in Cuba was supported by the U.S., and Cuban guerrilla leaders wanted annexation to the United States, but Cuban revolutionary leader José Martí called for Cuban nationhood. When the U.S. battleship Maine sank in Havana Harbor, the U.S. blamed Spain and the Spanish–American War broke out in 1898. After the U.S. won, Spain relinquished claim of sovereignty over territories, including Cuba. The U.S. administered Cuba as a protectorate until 1902. Several decades later in 1959, the corrupt Cuban government of U.S.-backed Fulgencio Batista was overthrown by Fidel Castro. Castro installed a Marxist–Leninist government allied with the Soviet Union, which has been in power ever since.

Q1: What country was Cuba a territory of?
A1: Spain
Q2: What battleship sunk in the Havana Harbor?
A2: Maine
Q3: When did Fidel Castro overthrow the Cuban government?
A3: 1959
Q4: What government did Castro install?
A4: Marxist–Leninist government
Several websites assert that Israel is the 51st state due to the annual funding and defense support it receives from the United States. An example of this concept can be found in 2003 when Martine Rothblatt published a book called Two Stars for Peace that argued for the addition of Israel and the Palestinian territories surrounding it as the 51st state in the Union. The American State of Canaan, is a book published by Prof. Alfred de Grazia, political science and sociologist, in March 2009, proposing the creation of the 51st and 52nd states from Israel and the Palestinian territories.

Q1: Why is Israel referred to as the 51st state?
A1: the annual funding and defense support it receives from the United States
Q2: What book did Martine Rothblatt publish?
A2: Two Stars for Peace
Q3: When was Two Stars for Peace published?
A3: 2003
Q4: Who wrote the book The American State of Canaan?
A4: Alfred de Grazia
In Article 3 of the Treaty of San Francisco between the Allied Powers and Japan, which came into force in April 1952, the U.S. put the outlying islands of the Ryukyus, including the island of Okinawa—home to over 1 million Okinawans related to the Japanese—and the Bonin Islands, the Volcano Islands, and Iwo Jima into U.S. trusteeship. All these trusteeships were slowly returned to Japanese rule. Okinawa was returned on May 15, 1972, but the U.S. stations troops in the island's bases as a defense for Japan.

Q1: When did Artcle 3 of the Treaty of San Francisco come into effect?
A1: April 1952
Q2: How many people lived on the island of Okinawa?
A2: over 1 million
Q3: When was Okinawa finally returned?
A3: May 15, 1972
Q4: Why did the US have troops on Okinawa?
A4: as a defense for Japan.
In 2010 there was an attempt to register a 51st State Party with the New Zealand Electoral Commission. The party advocates New Zealand becoming the 51st state of the United States of America. The party's secretary is Paulus Telfer, a former Christchurch mayoral candidate. On February 5, 2010, the party applied to register a logo with the Electoral Commission. The logo – a US flag with 51 stars – was rejected by the Electoral Commission on the grounds that it was likely to cause confusion or mislead electors. As of 2014[update], the party remains unregistered and cannot appear on a ballot.

Q1: When did the 51st State Party attempt to register in New Zealand?
A1: 2010
Q2: Who is the secretary of the 51st State Party?
A2: Paulus Telfer
Q3: What does the 51st State Party advocate?
A3: The party advocates New Zealand becoming the 51st state of the United States of America
Q4: Can people in New Zealand vote for the 51st State Party?
A4: the party remains unregistered and cannot appear on a ballot.
Albania has often been called the 51st state for its perceived strongly pro-American positions, mainly because of the United States' policies towards it. In reference to President George W. Bush's 2007 European tour, Edi Rama, Tirana's mayor and leader of the opposition Socialists, said: "Albania is for sure the most pro-American country in Europe, maybe even in the world ... Nowhere else can you find such respect and hospitality for the President of the United States. Even in Michigan, he wouldn't be as welcome." At the time of ex-Secretary of State James Baker's visit in 1992, there was even a move to hold a referendum declaring the country as the 51st American state. In addition to Albania, Kosovo which is predominately Albanian is seen as a 51st state due to the heavily presence and influence of the United States. The US has had troops and the largest base outside US territory, Camp Bondsteel in the territory since 1999.

Q1: Who is the mayor of Tirana?
A1: Edi Rama,
Q2: Who said that Albania is the most pro-American country in Europe?
A2: Edi Rama
Q3: When did James Baker visit Albania as Secretary of State?
A3: 1992
Q4: What is the name of the largest US military base outside of US territory?
A4: Camp Bondsteel
During World War II, when Denmark was occupied by Nazi Germany, the United States briefly controlled Greenland for battlefields and protection. In 1946, the United States offered to buy Greenland from Denmark for $100 million ($1.2 billion today) but Denmark refused to sell it. Several politicians and others have in recent years argued that Greenland could hypothetically be in a better financial situation as a part of the United States; for instance mentioned by professor Gudmundur Alfredsson at University of Akureyri in 2014. One of the actual reasons behind US interest in Greenland could be the vast natural resources of the island. According to Wikileaks, the U.S. appears to be highly interested in investing in the resource base of the island and in tapping the vast expected hydrocarbons off the Greenlandic coast.

Q1: When did the US control Greenland?
A1: when Denmark was occupied by Nazi Germany
Q2: How much did the US offer to pay for Greenland?
A2: $100 million
Q3: What university is professor Gudmundur Alfredssson from?
A3: University of Akureyri
Q4: What is one reason the US would be interested in Greenland?
A4: the vast expected hydrocarbons off the Greenlandic coast.
Poland has historically been staunchly pro-American, dating back to General Tadeusz Kościuszko and Casimir Pulaski's involvement in the American Revolution. This pro-American stance was reinforced following favorable American intervention in World War I (leading to the creation of an independent Poland) and the Cold War (culminating in a Polish state independent of Soviet influence). Poland contributed a large force to the "Coalition of the Willing" in Iraq. A quote referring to Poland as "the 51st state" has been attributed to James Pavitt, then Central Intelligence Agency Deputy Director for Operations, especially in connection to extraordinary rendition.

Q1: What had been Poland's stance towards the US, historically?
A1: staunchly pro-American
Q2: What led to the creation of an independent Poland?
A2: favorable American intervention in World War I
Q3: What did Poland contribute to the "Coalition of the Willing"?
A3: a large force
The Party of Reconstruction in Sicily, which claimed 40,000 members in 1944, campaigned for Sicily to be admitted as a U.S. state. This party was one of several Sicilian separatist movements active after the downfall of Italian Fascism. Sicilians felt neglected or underrepresented by the Italian government after the annexation of 1861 that ended the rule of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies based in Naples. The large population of Sicilians in America and the American-led Allied invasion of Sicily in July–August 1943 may have contributed to the sentiment.

Q1: How many members did the Party of Reconstruction in Sicily have in 1944?
A1: 40,000 members
Q2: What did the Party of Reconstruction in Sicily campaign for?
A2: for Sicily to be admitted as a U.S. state
Q3: When did the annexation of Sicily by Italy happen?
A3: 1861
Q4: When did the Allied invasion of Sicily occur?
A4: July–August 1943
There are four categories of terra nullius, land that is unclaimed by any state: the small unclaimed territory of Bir Tawil between Egypt and Sudan, Antarctica, the oceans, and celestial bodies such as the Moon or Mars. In the last three of these, international treaties (the Antarctic Treaty, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and the Outer Space Treaty respectively) prevent colonization and potential statehood of any of these uninhabited (and, given current technology, not permanently inhabitable) territories.

Q1: What are the four categories of terra nullius?
A1: the small unclaimed territory of Bir Tawil between Egypt and Sudan, Antarctica, the oceans, and celestial bodies
Q2: What three treaties exist for unclaimed lands?
A2: the Antarctic Treaty, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and the Outer Space Treaty
Q3: What do the treaties defend against?
A3: prevent colonization and potential statehood of any of these uninhabited (and, given current technology, not permanently inhabitable) territories.
Q4: Where is Bir Tawil located?
A4: between Egypt and Sudan
An antenna (plural antennae or antennas), or aerial, is an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter supplies an electric current oscillating at radio frequency (i.e. a high frequency alternating current (AC)) to the antenna's terminals, and the antenna radiates the energy from the current as electromagnetic waves (radio waves). In reception, an antenna intercepts some of the power of an electromagnetic wave in order to produce a tiny voltage at its terminals, that is applied to a receiver to be amplified.

Q1: What device is able to change electric powerinto radio waves and also do the reverse?
A1: An antenna
Q2: What device is often used in conjuntion with the antenna?
A2: radio transmitter or radio receiver
Q3: What process associated with antennas produces a high frequency alternating current?
A3: transmission
Q4: What else can radio waves be called?
A4: electromagnetic waves
Q5: When does an antenna catch electromagnetic waves?
A5: reception
Typically an antenna consists of an arrangement of metallic conductors (elements), electrically connected (often through a transmission line) to the receiver or transmitter. An oscillating current of electrons forced through the antenna by a transmitter will create an oscillating magnetic field around the antenna elements, while the charge of the electrons also creates an oscillating electric field along the elements. These time-varying fields radiate away from the antenna into space as a moving transverse electromagnetic field wave. Conversely, during reception, the oscillating electric and magnetic fields of an incoming radio wave exert force on the electrons in the antenna elements, causing them to move back and forth, creating oscillating currents in the antenna.

Q1: What is frequently used to connect elements to the receiver?
A1: transmission line
Q2: During transmission does the electric field wave move closer to the antenna?
A2: radiate away
Q3: What particles are pushed through the antenna by a transmitter?
A3: electrons
Q4: During what process would electrons be vacillating in the antenna?
A4: reception
The words antenna (plural: antennas in US English, although both "antennas" and "antennae" are used in International English) and aerial are used interchangeably. Occasionally the term "aerial" is used to mean a wire antenna. However, note the important international technical journal, the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. In the United Kingdom and other areas where British English is used, the term aerial is sometimes used although 'antenna' has been universal in professional use for many years.

Q1: What is an acceptable synonym for antenna?
A1: aerial
Q2: What can sometimes be meant by the term aerial specifically?
A2: wire antenna
Q3: What is one way of referring to more than one antenna?
A3: antennae
Q4: What is the most widely accepted term for an electrical device that converts electric power into radio waves?
A4: antenna
The origin of the word antenna relative to wireless apparatus is attributed to Italian radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi. In the summer of 1895, Marconi began testing his wireless system outdoors on his father's estate near Bologna and soon began to experiment with long wire "aerials". Marconi discovered that by raising the "aerial" wire above the ground and connecting the other side of his transmitter to ground, the transmission range was increased. Soon he was able to transmit signals over a hill, a distance of approximately 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi). In Italian a tent pole is known as l'antenna centrale, and the pole with the wire was simply called l'antenna. Until then wireless radiating transmitting and receiving elements were known simply as aerials or terminals.

Q1: Who is most associated with the emergence of the word antenna?
A1: Guglielmo Marconi
Q2: When did experimentation with electromagnetic waves begin?
A2: 1895
Q3: What is a way to increase the strength of a radio transmission?
A3: raising the "aerial" wire
Q4: How far was Marconi able to get his signal to go using this technique?
A4: 1.5 mi
Antennas are required by any radio receiver or transmitter to couple its electrical connection to the electromagnetic field. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves which carry signals through the air (or through space) at the speed of light with almost no transmission loss. Radio transmitters and receivers are used to convey signals (information) in systems including broadcast (audio) radio, television, mobile telephones, Wi-Fi (WLAN) data networks, trunk lines and point-to-point communications links (telephone, data networks), satellite links, many remote controlled devices such as garage door openers, and wireless remote sensors, among many others. Radio waves are also used directly for measurements in technologies including radar, GPS, and radio astronomy. In each and every case, the transmitters and receivers involved require antennas, although these are sometimes hidden (such as the antenna inside an AM radio or inside a laptop computer equipped with Wi-Fi).

Q1: What is essential for the mating of the elements that create radio waves?
A1: Antennas
Q2: How fast are signals produced by antenna transmitted?
A2: speed of light
Q3: What is one system that uses electromagnetic waves?
A3: mobile telephones
Q4: What mobile locator and direction finder technology takes advantage of radio waves?
A4: GPS
Q5: What often inconspicuous part of a laptop computer allows for internet usage?
A5: antennas