romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Gaddafi's earliest education was of a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years. Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain. During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents. Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children. From Sirte, he and his family moved to the market town of Sabha in Fezzan, south-central Libya, where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done. Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud.

Q1: Describe Gaddafi's first experience with education.
A1: a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher
Q2: In addition to gaining an education, describe how Gaddafi managed to attend school 20 miles from his family.
A2: During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents
Q3: How did Gaddafi deal with peer pressure regarding his cultural background?
A3: Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children.
Q4: When Gaddafi's family moved to Sabha, describe his educational experiences in secondary school.
A4: Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud.
Q5: Describe Gaddafi's parents' educational backgrounds.
A5: where his father worked as a caretaker for a tribal leader while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done.
Q6: Why was Gaddafi made fun of in elementary school?
A6: Bullied for being a Bedouin, he was proud of his identity and encouraged pride in other Bedouin children.
Q7: How did Gaddafi manage to attend elementary school so far from home?
A7: During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents.
Q8: Were Gaddafi's parents educated?
A8: while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done.
Q9: Was Gaddafi's education free?
A9: Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial strain.
Q10: How did his early relationships play a role later when Gaddafi  became a ruler?
A10: Gaddafi was popular at school; some friends made there received significant jobs in his later administration, most notably his best friend Abdul Salam Jalloud.
Q11: In what religion was Gaddafi educated?
A11: Islamic
Q12: What town did Gaddafi's family move to after they left Sirte?
A12: Sabha
Q13: What geographical portion of Libya is Fezzan located in?
A13: south-central
Q14: Who was Gaddafi's closest friend in secondary school?
A14: Abdul Salam Jalloud
Q15: In what town did Gaddafi first attend primary school?
A15: Sirte
Gaddafi organized demonstrations and distributed posters criticizing the monarchy. In October 1961, he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic. During this they broke windows of a local hotel accused of serving alcohol. Catching the authorities' attention, they expelled his family from Sabha. Gaddafi moved to Misrata, there attending Misrata Secondary School. Maintaining his interest in Arab nationalist activism, he refused to join any of the banned political parties active in the city – including the Arab Nationalist Movement, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and the Muslim Brotherhood – claiming he rejected factionalism. He read voraciously on the subjects of Nasser and the French Revolution of 1789, as well as the works of Syrian political theorist Michel Aflaq and biographies of Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.

Q1: Why did Gaddafi's family have to leave Sabha?
A1: he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic. During this they broke windows of a local hotel accused of serving alcohol.
Q2: Gaddafi was an avid reader. Name three biographies that he read.
A2: Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Q3: What political idealogy did Gaddafi not believe in?
A3: factionalism
Q4: While he was in secondary school, what sort of activism did Gaddafi support?
A4: Arab nationalist activism
Q5: Why did Gaddafi's family leave Sabha?
A5: October 1961, he led a demonstration protesting Syria's secession from the United Arab Republic
Q6: List several biographies that influenced Gaddafi.
A6: Abraham Lincoln, Sun Yat-sen, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Q7: Where sort of activism did Gaddafi promote while attending secondary school?
A7: Arab nationalist activism
Q8: What political ideology did Gaddafi reject when he attended Misrata Secondary School?
A8: factionalism
Q9: Where did Gaddafi travel to after he was kicked out of Sabha?
A9: Misrata
Q10: Along with the Ba'ath Party and Muslim Brotherhood, what group was notably banned in Misrata?
A10: Arab Nationalist Movement
Q11: In what month and year did Gaddafi protest against Syria leaving the United Arab Republic?
A11: October 1961
Q12: Of what nationality was Michel Aflaq?
A12: Syrian
Q13: Along with Lincoln and Ataturk, whose biography did Gaddafi read while in Misrata?
A13: Abraham Lincoln
Gaddafi briefly studied History at the University of Libya in Benghazi, before dropping out to join the military. Despite his police record, in 1963 he began training at the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi, alongside several like-minded friends from Misrata. The armed forces offered the only opportunity for upward social mobility for underprivileged Libyans, and Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change. Under Idris, Libya's armed forces were trained by the British military; this angered Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists, and accordingly he refused to learn English and was rude to the British officers, ultimately failing his exams. British trainers reported him for insubordination and abusive behaviour, stating their suspicion that he was involved in the assassination of the military academy's commander in 1963. Such reports were ignored and Gaddafi quickly progressed through the course.

Q1: What subject did Gaddafi briefly study before joining the military?
A1: History at the University of Libya in Benghazi
Q2: Why didn't Gaddafi learn to speak English?
A2: Gaddafi, who viewed the British as imperialists
Q3: Where did Gaddafi begin his military training?
A3: at the Royal Military Academy
Q4: How did Gaddafi view the influence of the military?
A4: the only opportunity for upward social mobility for underprivileged Libyans, and Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change
Q5: What crime did the British trainers believe Gaddafi was involved in?
A5: the assassination of the military academy's commander in 1963
Q6: What subject did Gaddafi study at the University of LIbya?
A6: History
Q7: Why did Gaddafi drop out of college?
A7: to join the military
Q8: What rationale did Gaddafi use for joining the military?
A8: Gaddafi recognised it as a potential instrument of political change
Q9: What country trained Libya's military?
A9: the British military
Q10: What crime was Gaddafi suspected of being involved in during his time in the military?
A10: the assassination of the military academy's commander in 1963
Q11: Where did Gaddafi attend college for a time?
A11: University of Libya
Q12: During his time in college, what did Gaddafi study?
A12: History
Q13: After Gaddafi left the University of Libya, what institution did he attend?
A13: Royal Military Academy, Benghazi
Q14: While the Libyan monarchy existed, who trained the Libyan army?
A14: British
Q15: What did Gaddafi regard his British instructors as?
A15: imperialists
The Bovington signal course's director reported that Gaddafi successfully overcame problems learning English, displaying a firm command of voice procedure. Noting that Gaddafi's favourite hobbies were reading and playing football, he thought him an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious." Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him and finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes. He later related that while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character."

Q1: When Gaddafi traveled to London, did he attempt to blend into the English culture?
A1: finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes
Q2: How did Gaddafi feel about the British officers?
A2: claiming British Army officers racially insulted him
Q3: How did the Bovington signal course director view Gaddafi?
A3: he thought him an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious."
Q4: How did Gaddafi view Libya when he returned from England?
A4: he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character."
Q5: How did the Bovington sign course director think of Gaddafi?
A5: an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious."
Q6: When Gaddafi went to England, how did he respond to their culture?
A6: finding it difficult adjusting to the country's culture; asserting his Arab identity in London, he walked around Piccadilly wearing traditional Libyan robes
Q7: How did Gaddafi feel about the British Army officers?
A7: Gaddafi disliked England, claiming British Army officers racially insulted him
Q8: When Gaddafi returned to Libya, how did he view his country?
A8: while he travelled to England believing it more advanced than Libya, he returned home "more confident and proud of our values, ideals and social character."
Q9: What were Gaddafi's favorite hobbies in the military?
A9: reading and playing football
Q10: Along with reading, how did Gaddafi enjoy spending his free time?
A10: playing football
Q11: In what part of London did Gaddafi wear traditional Arab garb?
A11: Piccadilly
Q12: What language did Gaddafi have difficulty learning?
A12: English
Q13: Where did Gaddafi's signal course take place?
A13: Bovington
Q14: What mistreatment did Gaddafi say that British soldiers subjected him to?
A14: racially insulted him
Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the short-lived existence of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961. Gaddafi admired the political changes implemented in the Arab Republic of Egypt under his hero, President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser argued for Arab nationalism; the rejection of Western colonialism, neo-colonialism, and Zionism; and a transition from capitalism to socialism. Nasser's book, Philosophy of the Revolution, was a key influence on Gaddafi; outlining how to initiate a coup, it has been described as "the inspiration and blueprint of [Gaddafi's] revolution."

Q1: What changes impressed Gaddafi in Egypt?
A1: President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser argued for Arab nationalism; the rejection of Western colonialism, neo-colonialism, and Zionism
Q2: What Egyptian leader impressed Gaddafi?
A2: his hero, President Gamal Abdel Nasser
Q3: What book instructed Gaddafi in how to stage a coup?
A3: Nasser's book, Philosophy of the Revolution
Q4: Name one event that occurred in the Arab world during Gaddafi 's childhood that influenced his life.
A4: 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the short-lived existence of the United Arab Republic between 1958 and 1961
Q5: What political ideology did Nasser implement?
A5: transition from capitalism to socialism
Q6: What was the nationality of a significant number of teachers in Sabha?
A6: Egyptian
Q7: When did the United Arab Republic end?
A7: 1961
Q8: What notable event occurred in 1952?
A8: Egyptian Revolution
Q9: From what city did Voice of the Arabs broadcast?
A9: Cairo
Q10: What political leader did Gaddafi greatly admire?
A10: Nasser
Idris' government was increasingly unpopular by the latter 1960s; it had exacerbated Libya's traditional regional and tribal divisions by centralising the country's federal system in order to take advantage of the country's oil wealth, while corruption and entrenched systems of patronage were widespread throughout the oil industry. Arab nationalism was increasingly popular, and protests flared up following Egypt's 1967 defeat in the Six-Day War with Israel; allied to the western powers, Idris' administration was seen as pro-Israeli. Anti-western riots broke out in Tripoli and Benghazi, while Libyan workers shut down oil terminals in solidarity with Egypt. By 1969, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency was expecting segments of Libya's armed forces to launch a coup. Although claims have been made that they knew of Gaddafi's Free Officers Movement, they have since claimed ignorance, stating that they were monitoring Abdul Aziz Shalhi's Black Boots revolutionary group.

Q1: What was happening to Idris' government in the 1960s?
A1: Idris' government was increasingly unpopular by the latter 1960s
Q2: What industry greatly impacted the downfall of Idris's government?
A2: the oil industry
Q3: What sort of problems did the oil industry experience in Libya?
A3: corruption and entrenched systems of patronage were widespread throughout the oil industry
Q4: What did the Libyan workers do to show their support of Egypt?
A4: Libyan workers shut down oil terminals in solidarity with Egypt
Q5: Did the CIA confirm knowledge of Gaddafi's upcoming coup?:
A5: they have since claimed ignorance, stating that they were monitoring Abdul Aziz Shalhi's Black Boots revolutionary group.
Q6: What country won the Six-Day War?
A6: Israel
Q7: In what cities did protests against westerners flare up in 1967?
A7: Tripoli and Benghazi
Q8: On what country's behalf were the 1967 protests taking place?
A8: Egypt
Q9: In what year did the CIA begin to expect a military coup in Libya?
A9: 1969
Q10: What revolutionary organization was led by Abdul Aziz Shalhi?
A10: Black Boots
In mid-1969, Idris travelled abroad to spend the summer in Turkey and Greece. Gaddafi's Free Officers recognized this as their chance to overthrow the monarchy, initiating "Operation Jerusalem". On 1 September, they occupied airports, police depots, radio stations and government offices in Tripoli and Benghazi. Gaddafi took control of the Berka barracks in Benghazi, while Omar Meheisha occupied Tripoli barracks and Jalloud seized the city's anti-aircraft batteries. Khweldi Hameidi was sent to arrest crown prince Sayyid Hasan ar-Rida al-Mahdi as-Sanussi, and force him to relinquish his claim to the throne. They met no serious resistance, and wielded little violence against the monarchists.

Q1: When Gaddafi staged his coup, did he need to use a great show of violence?
A1: They met no serious resistance, and wielded little violence against the monarchists.
Q2: When did Gaddafi decide to stage his coup?
A2: In mid-1969, Idris travelled abroad to spend the summer in Turkey and Greece.
Q3: What was Gaddafi's coup called?
A3: Operation Jerusalem
Q4: What did Gaddafi seize during the coup?
A4: Gaddafi took control of the Berka barracks in Benghazi,
Q5: What did Hameidi do during the coup?
A5: Hameidi was sent to arrest crown prince Sayyid Hasan ar-Rida al-Mahdi as-Sanussi, and force him to relinquish his claim to the throne.
Q6: What countries did Idris visit in the summer of 1969?
A6: Turkey and Greece
Q7: What was the code name for Gaddafi's coup against the monarchy?
A7: Operation Jerusalem
Q8: What leader's forces occupied the barracks in Tripoli?
A8: Omar Meheisha
Q9: Who arrested Sayyid Hasan ar-Rida al-Mahdi as-Sanussi?
A9: Khweldi Hameidi
Q10: What revolutionary leader took control of the anti-aircraft equipment in Tripoli?
A10: Jalloud
Having removed the monarchical government, Gaddafi proclaimed the foundation of the Libyan Arab Republic. Addressing the populace by radio, he proclaimed an end to the "reactionary and corrupt" regime, "the stench of which has sickened and horrified us all." Due to the coup's bloodless nature, it was initially labelled the "White Revolution", although was later renamed the "One September Revolution" after the date on which it occurred. Gaddafi insisted that the Free Officers' coup represented a revolution, marking the start of widespread change in the socio-economic and political nature of Libya. He proclaimed that the revolution meant "freedom, socialism, and unity", and over the coming years implemented measures to achieve this.

Q1: How did Gaddafi announced his leadership?:
A1: Addressing the populace by radio
Q2: List the two names of Gaddafi's coup.
A2: "White Revolution", although was later renamed the "One September Revolution"
Q3: What did Gaddafi tell the people that the revolution represented?
A3: freedom, socialism, and unity
Q4: What did Gaddafi insist that the coup be referred to as?
A4: a revolution
Q5: What was the name of the government Gaddafi set up after overthrowing the monarchy?
A5: Libyan Arab Republic
Q6: What was the Libyan coup called at first?
A6: White Revolution
Q7: What was the Libyan coup later called, when it was renamed for the day it took place?
A7: One September Revolution
Q8: What was the name of the revolutionary group led by Gaddafi?
A8: Free Officers
Q9: How did Gaddafi characterize the monarchy in his radio address?
A9: reactionary and corrupt
Although theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being publicly revealed on 10 January 1970. All young men from (typically rural) working and middle-class backgrounds, none had university degrees; in this way they were distinct from the wealthy, highly educated conservatives who previously governed the country.

Q1: How did Gaddafi staff the RCC members?
A1: All young men from (typically rural) working and middle-class backgrounds, none had university degrees;
Q2: Why did Gaddafi select these men as RCC members?
A2: they were distinct from the wealthy, highly educated conservatives who previously governed the country.
Q3: Whose face was most closely associated with Libya's new government?
A3: Gaddafi
Q4: Did everyone endorse Gaddafi?
A4: some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses
Q5: On what date were the members of the RCC announced?
A5: 10 January 1970
Q6: What was the general age group of the members of the RCC?
A6: young
Q7: How many members of the RCC had graduated from university?
A7: none
Q8: What was the sex of all the members of the RCC?
A8: men
Q9: Along with the working class, what was the class background of RCC members?
A9: middle
The coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country. They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of the Libyan people and had to be expunged. "People's Courts" were founded to try various monarchist politicians and journalists, and though many were imprisoned, none were executed. Idris was sentenced to execution in absentia.

Q1: What did the RCC do with remnants of the monarchy?
A1: They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces
Q2: What happened to Idris?
A2: Idris was sentenced to execution in absentia.
Q3: How did Gaddafi view the elite?
A3: Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of the Libyan people and had to be expunged.
Q4: What happened to the monarchists and and journalists?
A4: "People's Courts" were founded to try various monarchist politicians and journalists, and though many were imprisoned, none were executed.
Q5: What clan was King Idris part of?
A5: Senussi
Q6: How many people were executed by the People's Courts?
A6: none
Q7: What sentence was given to the absent King Idris?
A7: execution
Q8: Along with the Senussi, who was purged from the military?
A8: monarchists
Q9: Along with journalists, who was tried in the People's Courts?
A9: monarchist politicians
In May 1970, the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar was held to bring intellectuals in line with the revolution, while that year's Legislative Review and Amendment united secular and religious law codes, introducing sharia into the legal system. Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy's ban on political parties, in May 1970 banned trade unions, and in 1972 outlawed workers' strikes and suspended newspapers. In September 1971, Gaddafi resigned, claiming to be dissatisfied with the pace of reform, but returned to his position within a month. In February 1973, he resigned again, once more returning the following month.

Q1: What was the RCC's view of political parties?
A1: Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy's ban on political parties,
Q2: What did Gaddafi do in 1971?
A2: In September 1971, Gaddafi resigned, claiming to be dissatisfied with the pace of reform, but returned to his position within a month.
Q3: What was the impact of incorporating the sharia into the legal system?
A3: united secular and religious law codes
Q4: What did Gaddafi do in 1973?
A4: In February 1973, he resigned again, once more returning the following month.
Q5: In what year did the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar occur?
A5: 1970
Q6: In what month and year did Gaddafi first resign?
A6: September 1971
Q7: What did the RCC outlaw in 1970?
A7: trade unions
Q8: What publications were shut down 1972?
A8: newspapers
Q9: In what year did Gaddafi's second resignation occur?
A9: 1973
With crude oil as the country's primary export, Gaddafi sought to improve Libya's oil sector. In October 1969, he proclaimed the current trade terms unfair, benefiting foreign corporations more than the Libyan state, and by threatening to reduce production, in December Jalloud successfully increased the price of Libyan oil. In 1970, other OPEC states followed suit, leading to a global increase in the price of crude oil. The RCC followed with the Tripoli Agreement, in which they secured income tax, back-payments and better pricing from the oil corporations; these measures brought Libya an estimated $1 billion in additional revenues in its first year.

Q1: What was Libya's main export?
A1: crude oil
Q2: How did Gaddafi's decisions in the oil industry impact other OPEC states?
A2: In 1970, other OPEC states followed suit, leading to a global increase in the price of crude oil.
Q3: What was the main export of Libya?
A3: crude oil
Q4: How much money did Libya accrue in a year as a result of the Tripoli Agreement?
A4: $1 billion
Q5: What organization of oil producers was Libya a part of?
A5: OPEC
Q6: Who was responsible for raising the price of Libyan oil in 1969?
A6: Jalloud