romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Apart from residences for upper and middle class households, sanitation is insufficient in most residential areas. Private flush toilets are too expensive for virtually all residents in townships due to their water consumption and installation cost. As a result, access to improved sanitation has not increased much since independence: In Namibia's rural areas 13% of the population had more than basic sanitation, up from 8% in 1990. Many of Namibia's inhabitants have to resort to "flying toilets", plastic bags to defecate which after use are flung into the bush. The use of open areas close to residential land to urinate and defecate is very common and has been identified as a major health hazard.

Q1: Most residential areas are insufficient in what area of Namibia?
A1: sanitation
Q2: Besides installation cost, why are private flush toilets too expensive for most residents in Namibia?
A2: water consumption
Q3: What do Namibian's use as a toilet?
A3: flying toilets
Q4: Where do flying toilets end up after use?
A4: bush
Q5: Urinating and defecating in public has been identified as what?
A5: major health hazard
Whites (mainly of Afrikaner, German, British and Portuguese origin) make up between 4.0 and 7.0% of the population. Although their percentage of population is decreasing due to emigration and lower birth rates they still form the second-largest population of European ancestry, both in terms of percentage and actual numbers, in Sub-Saharan Africa (after South Africa). The majority of Namibian whites and nearly all those who are mixed race speak Afrikaans and share similar origins, culture, and religion as the white and coloured populations of South Africa. A large minority of whites (around 30,000) trace their family origins back to the German settlers who colonized Namibia prior to the British confiscation of German lands after World War One, and they maintain German cultural and educational institutions. Nearly all Portuguese settlers came to the country from the former Portuguese colony of Angola. The 1960 census reported 526,004 persons in what was then South-West Africa, including 73,464 whites (14%).

Q1: Whites make up how much of Namibia's population?
A1: 4.0 and 7.0%
Q2: What is the language of Namibia?
A2: Afrikaans
Q3: Where do a large minority of whites trace their Namibian roots to?
A3: German settlers
Q4: What was the population in South-West Africa in 1960?
A4: 526,004
Q5: How much of the population was white in South-West Africa in 1960?
A5: 73,464
Namibia conducts a census every ten years. After independence the first Population and Housing Census was carried out in 1991, further rounds followed in 2001 and 2011. The data collection method is to count every person resident in Namibia on the census reference night, wherever they happen to be. This is called the de facto method. For enumeration purposes the country is demarcated into 4,042 enumeration areas. These areas do not overlap with constituency boundaries to get reliable data for election purposes as well.

Q1: When was the first Population and Housing Census in Namibia?
A1: 1991
Q2: How often does Namibia conduct a census?
A2: every ten years
Q3: What is it called when the census counts every person wherever they are the night of the census?
A3: de facto method
Q4: How many enumeration areas are there in Namibia?
A4: 4,042
Q5: The enumeration areas in Namibia do not overlap with what in order to get reliable data?
A5: constituency boundaries
Up to 1990, English, German and Afrikaans were official languages. Long before Namibia's independence from South Africa, SWAPO was of the opinion that the country should become officially monolingual, choosing this approach in contrast to that of its neighbour South Africa (which granted all 11 of its major languages official status), which was seen by them as "a deliberate policy of ethnolinguistic fragmentation." Consequently, SWAPO instituted English as the sole official language of Namibia though only about 3% of the population speaks it as a home language. Its implementation is focused on the civil service, education and the broadcasting system. Some other languages have received semi-official recognition by being allowed as medium of instruction in primary schools. It is expected of private schools to follow the same policy as state schools, and "English language" is a compulsory subject. As in other postcolonial African societies, the push for monolingual instruction and policy has resulted in a high rate of school drop-outs and of individuals whose academic competence in any language is low.

Q1: German, English, and Afrikaans were the official languages until when in Namibia?
A1: 1990
Q2: What is the primary language of Namibia, as SWAPO instituted?
A2: English
Q3: SWAPO thought Namibia should have what type of official language?
A3: monolingual
Q4: How many Namibian's speak English?
A4: 3%
Q5: There was a high rate of what due to monolingual instruction?
A5: school drop-outs
Inline hockey was first played in 1995 and has also become more and more popular in the last years. The Women's inline hockey National Team participated in the 2008 FIRS World Championships. Namibia is the home for one of the toughest footraces in the world, the Namibian ultra marathon. The most famous athlete from Namibia is Frankie Fredericks, sprinter (100 and 200 m). He won four Olympic silver medals (1992, 1996) and also has medals from several World Athletics Championships. He is also known for humanitarian activities in Namibia and beyond.

Q1: What is the toughest footrace around the world?
A1: Namibian ultra marathon
Q2: Which team participated in the 2008 FIRS World Championship?
A2: Women's inline hockey National Team
Q3: What popular sport was first played in Namibia in 1995?
A3: Inline hockey
Q4: Who is the most famous athlete from Namibia?
A4: Frankie Fredericks
Q5: What sport does the most famous Namibian athlete participate in?
A5: sprinter
The first newspaper in Namibia was the German-language Windhoeker Anzeiger, founded 1898. Radio was introduced in 1969, TV in 1981. During German rule, the newspapers mainly reflected the living reality and the view of the white German-speaking minority. The black majority was ignored or depicted as a threat. During South African rule, the white bias continued, with mentionable influence of the Pretoria government on the "South West African" media system. Independent newspapers were seen as a menace to the existing order, critical journalists threatened.

Q1: What was the first Namibian newspaper?
A1: Windhoeker Anzeiger
Q2: What was the language in which the first Namibian newspaper was printed in?
A2: German
Q3: When was the first Namibian newspaper founded?
A3: 1898
Q4: When was radio introduced in Namibia?
A4: 1969
Q5: When was TV introduced in Namibia?
A5: 1981
Other mentionable newspapers are the tabloid Informanté owned by TrustCo, the weekly Windhoek Observer, the weekly Namibia Economist, as well as the regional Namib Times. Current affairs magazines include Insight Namibia, Vision2030 Focus magazine[citation needed] and Prime FOCUS. Sister Namibia Magazine stands out as the longest running NGO magazine in Namibia, while Namibia Sport is the only national sport magazine. Furthermore, the print market is complemented with party publications, student newspapers and PR publications.

Q1: What is a popular tabloid magazine in Namibia?
A1: Windhoek Observer
Q2: What is the economical magazine in Namibia?
A2: Namibia Economist
Q3: What is the regional magazine in Namibia?
A3: Namib Times
Q4: What is the only sport newspaper in Namibia?
A4: Namibia Sport
Q5: What is the most popular current affairs magazine in Namibia?
A5: Insight Namibia
Compared to neighbouring countries, Namibia has a large degree of media freedom. Over the past years, the country usually ranked in the upper quarter of the Press Freedom Index of Reporters without Borders, reaching position 21 in 2010, being on par with Canada and the best-positioned African country. The African Media Barometer shows similarly positive results.[citation needed] However, as in other countries, there is still mentionable influence of representatives of state and economy on media in Namibia. In 2009, Namibia dropped to position 36 on the Press Freedom Index. In 2013, it was 19th. In 2014 it ranked 22nd

Q1: Compared to neighbouring countries, what freedom does Namibia have?
A1: media
Q2: Namibia is on par with what country in terms of media and reporting?
A2: Canada
Q3: Where was Namibia ranked on Press Freedom in 2009?
A3: 36
Q4: Where was Namibia ranked on Press Freedom in 2013?
A4: 19th
Q5: Where was Namibia ranked on Press Freedom in 2014?
A5: 22nd
Life expectancy at birth is estimated to be 52.2 years in 2012 – among the lowest in the world. The AIDS epidemic is a large problem in Namibia. Though its rate of infection is substantially lower than that of its eastern neighbour, Botswana, approximately 13.1% of the adult population is[update] infected with HIV. In 2001, there were an estimated 210,000 people living with HIV/AIDS, and the estimated death toll in 2003 was 16,000. According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report, the epidemic in Namibia "appears to be leveling off." As the HIV/AIDS epidemic has reduced the working-aged population, the number of orphans has increased. It falls to the government to provide education, food, shelter and clothing for these orphans.

Q1: What is the life expectancy in Namibia?
A1: 52.2
Q2: What epidemic is a large problem in Namibia?
A2: AIDS
Q3: How much of the Namibian population is infected with HIV?
A3: 13.1%
Q4: How many people living in 2001 had HIV/AIDS in Namibia?
A4: 210,000
Q5: How many deaths were associated with HIV/AIDS in Namibia in 2003?
A5: 16,000.
The malaria problem seems to be compounded by the AIDS epidemic. Research has shown that in Namibia the risk of contracting malaria is 14.5% greater if a person is also infected with HIV. The risk of death from malaria is also raised by approximately 50% with a concurrent HIV infection. Given infection rates this large, as well as a looming malaria problem, it may be very difficult for the government to deal with both the medical and economic impacts of this epidemic. The country had only 598 physicians in 2002.

Q1: What health issue is compounded by the AIDS epidemic in Namibia?
A1: malaria
Q2: What is the risk of contracting malaria if an individual is already infected with HIV?
A2: 14.5% greater
Q3: The risk of death by malaria raises by how much with a concurrent HIV infection?
A3: 50%
Q4: How many physicians did Namibia have in 2002?
A4: 598
Russian (ру́сский язы́к, russkiy yazyk, pronounced [ˈruskʲɪj jɪˈzɨk] ( listen)) is an East Slavic language and an official language in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and many minor or unrecognised territories. It is an unofficial but widely-spoken language in Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia, and to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics of the Soviet Union and former participants of the Eastern Bloc. Russian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages and is one of the three living members of the East Slavic languages. Written examples of Old East Slavonic are attested from the 10th century onwards.

Q1: What language sub-family is Russian in?
A1: East Slavic
Q2: Where is Russian an official language?
A2: Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and many minor or unrecognised territories
Q3: Where is Russian popular but not an official language?
A3: Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia
Q4: How many living East Slavic languages are there?
A4: three
Q5: When was the earliest writing in Old East Slavonic?
A5: 10th century
Russian distinguishes between consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation and those without, the so-called soft and hard sounds. This distinction is found between pairs of almost all consonants and is one of the most distinguishing features of the language. Another important aspect is the reduction of unstressed vowels. Stress, which is unpredictable, is not normally indicated orthographically though an optional acute accent (знак ударения, znak udareniya) may be used to mark stress, such as to distinguish between homographic words, for example замо́к (zamok, meaning a lock) and за́мок (zamok, meaning a castle), or to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words or names.

Q1: What kind of phonemes are soft sounds?
A1: consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation
Q2: What kind of accent can mark stress?
A2: optional acute accent
Q3: What kind of words can acute accents distinguish?
A3: homographic words
Q4: What word means both lock and castle, depending on its accent?
A4: zamok
Russian is a Slavic language of the Indo-European family. It is a lineal descendant of the language used in Kievan Rus'. From the point of view of the spoken language, its closest relatives are Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Rusyn, the other three languages in the East Slavic group. In many places in eastern and southern Ukraine and throughout Belarus, these languages are spoken interchangeably, and in certain areas traditional bilingualism resulted in language mixtures, e.g. Surzhyk in eastern Ukraine and Trasianka in Belarus. An East Slavic Old Novgorod dialect, although vanished during the 15th or 16th century, is sometimes considered to have played a significant role in the formation of modern Russian. Also Russian has notable lexical similarities with Bulgarian due to a common Church Slavonic influence on both languages, as well as because of later interaction in the 19th–20th centuries, although Bulgarian grammar differs markedly from Russian. In the 19th century, the language was often called "Great Russian" to distinguish it from Belarusian, then called "White Russian" and Ukrainian, then called "Little Russian".

Q1: What language does Russian descend from?
A1: the language used in Kievan Rus'
Q2: What are Russian's closest relatives?
A2: Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Rusyn
Q3: Where is Surzhyk used?
A3: eastern Ukraine
Q4: Where is Trasianka used?
A4: Belarus
Q5: What was 'Little Russian'?
A5: Ukrainian
The vocabulary (mainly abstract and literary words), principles of word formations, and, to some extent, inflections and literary style of Russian have been also influenced by Church Slavonic, a developed and partly russified form of the South Slavic Old Church Slavonic language used by the Russian Orthodox Church. However, the East Slavic forms have tended to be used exclusively in the various dialects that are experiencing a rapid decline. In some cases, both the East Slavic and the Church Slavonic forms are in use, with many different meanings. For details, see Russian phonology and History of the Russian language.

Q1: What language does the Russian Orthodox Church use?
A1: South Slavic Old Church Slavonic
Q2: What kind of words in Russian have been influenced by Church Slavonic?
A2: mainly abstract and literary words
Q3: What word forms are used together in some cases?
A3: East Slavic and the Church Slavonic
Until the 20th century, the language's spoken form was the language of only the upper noble classes and urban population, as Russian peasants from the countryside continued to speak in their own dialects. By the mid-20th century, such dialects were forced out with the introduction of the compulsory education system that was established by the Soviet government. Despite the formalization of Standard Russian, some nonstandard dialectal features (such as fricative [ɣ] in Southern Russian dialects) are still observed in colloquial speech.

Q1: When did Russian language spread to the peasants?
A1: the 20th century
Q2: Who spoke Russian before the 20th century?
A2: the upper noble classes and urban population
Q3: When did the Soviets establish required education?
A3: the mid-20th century
Q4: What nonstandard feature does Southern Russian use?
A4: fricative
Ethnic Russians constitute 25.5% of the country's current population and 58.6% of the native Estonian population is also able to speak Russian. In all, 67.8% of Estonia's population can speak Russian. Command of Russian language, however, is rapidly decreasing among younger Estonians (primarily being replaced by the command of English). For example, if 53% of ethnic Estonians between 15 and 19 claim to speak some Russian, then among the 10- to 14-year-old group, command of Russian has fallen to 19% (which is about one-third the percentage of those who claim to have command of English in the same age group).

Q1: How much of Estonia is ethnic Russians?
A1: 25.5%
Q2: How much of Estonia speaks Russian?
A2: 67.8%
Q3: What is the ratio of young Estonians who speak Russian relative to those who speak English?
A3: about one-third
Q4: How much of Estonia's native Estonians speaks Russian?
A4: 58.6%
As the Grand Duchy of Finland was part of the Russian Empire from 1809 to 1918, a number of Russian speakers have remained in Finland. There are 33,400 Russian-speaking Finns, amounting to 0.6% of the population. Five thousand (0.1%) of them are late 19th century and 20th century immigrants or their descendants, and the remaining majority are recent immigrants who moved there in the 1990s and later.[citation needed] Russian is spoken by 1.4% of the population of Finland according to a 2014 estimate from the World Factbook.

Q1: When did Finland join the Russian Empire?
A1: 1809
Q2: When did Finland leave the Russian Empire?
A2: 1918
Q3: What percent of Finns speak Russian?
A3: 0.6%
Q4: How many Finns speak Russian?
A4: 33,400
Q5: How many Russian-speaking Finns are descended from early immigrants?
A5: Five thousand
In Ukraine, Russian is seen as a language of inter-ethnic communication, and a minority language, under the 1996 Constitution of Ukraine. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 14,400,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 29 million active speakers. 65% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 38% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. Russian is spoken by 29.6% of the population according to a 2001 estimate from the World Factbook. 20% of school students receive their education primarily in Russian.

Q1: How many Ukrainians speak Russian natively as of 2004?
A1: 14,400,000
Q2: How many Ukrainians speak Russian actively as of 2004?
A2: 29 million
Q3: What percent of Ukraine is fluent in Russian as of 2006?
A3: 65%
Q4: What percent of Ukraine use Russian as their main language as of 2006?
A4: 38%
Q5: What is Russian's legal status in Ukraine?
A5: minority language, under the 1996 Constitution of Ukraine
In the 20th century, Russian was mandatorily taught in the schools of the members of the old Warsaw Pact and in other countries that used to be satellites of the USSR. In particular, these countries include Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Albania, former East Germany and Cuba. However, younger generations are usually not fluent in it, because Russian is no longer mandatory in the school system. According to the Eurobarometer 2005 survey, though, fluency in Russian remains fairly high (20–40%) in some countries, in particular those where the people speak a Slavic language and thereby have an edge in learning Russian (namely, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Bulgaria).

Q1: What pact contained many Russian-speaking countries?
A1: Warsaw Pact
Q2: Where was Russian schooling mandatory in the 20th century?
A2: Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Albania, former East Germany and Cuba
Q3: Which countries speak other Slavic languages?
A3: Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Bulgaria
Significant Russian-speaking groups also exist in Western Europe. These have been fed by several waves of immigrants since the beginning of the 20th century, each with its own flavor of language. The United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Belgium, Greece, Brazil, Norway, and Austria have significant Russian-speaking communities. According to the 2011 Census of Ireland, there were 21,639 people in the nation who use Russian as a home language. However, of this only 13% were Russian nationals. 20% held Irish citizenship, while 27% and 14% were holding the passports of Latvia and Lithuania respectively.

Q1: In which European countries do many Russian immigrants live?
A1: The United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Belgium, Greece, Brazil, Norway, and Austria
Q2: How much of Ireland's Russian speakers are Russian citizens?
A2: 13%
Q3: How many people in Ireland speak Russian?
A3: 21,639
Q4: How much of Ireland's Russian speakers are Irish citizens?
A4: 20%
Q5: How much of Ireland's Russian speakers are Latvian citizens?
A5: 27%
In Armenia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 15,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1 million active speakers. 30% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 2% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. Russian is spoken by 1.4% of the population according to a 2009 estimate from the World Factbook.

Q1: What convention recognizes Russian in Armenia?
A1: Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
Q2: How many Armenians speak Russian natively?
A2: 15,000
Q3: How many Armenians speak Russian actively?
A3: 1 million
Q4: What percent of Armenia speaks Russian?
A4: 30%
Q5: What percent of Armenia uses Russian as their main language?
A5: 2%
In Georgia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 130,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1.7 million active speakers. 27% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 1% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. Russian is the language of 9% of the population according to the World Factook. Ethnologue cites Russian as the country's de facto working language.

Q1: How many Georgians speak Russian actively?
A1: 1.7 million
Q2: What convention recognizes Russian in Georgia?
A2: Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
Q3: How many Georgians speak Russian natively?
A3: 130,000
Q4: What percent of Georgia is fluent in Russian?
A4: 27%
Q5: What percent of Georgia use Russian as their main language?
A5: 1%
In Kazakhstan Russian is not a state language, but according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 4,200,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 10 million active speakers. 63% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 46% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. According to a 2001 estimate from the World Factbook, 95% of the population can speak Russian. Large Russian-speaking communities still exist in northern Kazakhstan, and ethnic Russians comprise 25.6% of Kazakhstan's population. The 2009 census reported that 10,309,500 people, or 84.8% of the population aged 15 and above, could read and write well in Russian, as well as understand the spoken language.

Q1: What is the legal status of Russian in Kazakhstan?
A1: according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration
Q2: What percent of people in Kazakhstan speak Russian fluently?
A2: 63%
Q3: How many people in Kazakhstan speak Russian natively?
A3: 4,200,000
Q4: How many people in Kazakhstan speak Russian actively?
A4: 10 million
Q5: What percent of people in Kazakhstan use Russian as their main language?
A5: 46%