romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Lying in the western Pacific, Guam is a popular destination for Japanese tourists. Its tourist hub, Tumon, features over 20 large hotels, a Duty Free Shoppers Galleria, Pleasure Island district, indoor aquarium, Sandcastle Las Vegas–styled shows and other shopping and entertainment venues. It is a relatively short flight from Asia or Australia compared to Hawaii, with hotels and seven public golf courses accommodating over a million tourists per year. Although 75% of the tourists are Japanese, Guam receives a sizable number of tourists from South Korea, the U.S., the Philippines, and Taiwan. Significant sources of revenue include duty-free designer shopping outlets, and the American-style malls: Micronesia Mall, Guam Premier Outlets, the Agana Shopping Center, and the world's largest Kmart.[citation needed]

Q1: What tourist commonly visits Guam?
A1: Japanese
Q2: Around how many Hotels does Guam currently have?
A2: 20 large hotels
Q3: How many public golf courses does Guam currently have?
A3: seven
Q4: About how many tourist visit Guam yearly?
A4: a million
Q5: Which major U.S store does Guam currently have that happens to be the largest in the world?
A5: Kmart
The Compacts of Free Association between the United States, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau accorded the former entities of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands a political status of "free association" with the United States. The Compacts give citizens of these island nations generally no restrictions to reside in the United States (also its territories), and many were attracted to Guam due to its proximity, environmental, and cultural familiarity. Over the years, it was claimed by some in Guam that the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement in the form of public assistance programs and public education for those from the regions involved, and the federal government should compensate the states and territories affected by this type of migration.[citation needed] Over the years, Congress had appropriated "Compact Impact" aids to Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and Hawaii, and eventually this appropriation was written into each renewed Compact. Some, however, continue to claim the compensation is not enough or that the distribution of actual compensation received is significantly disproportionate.[citation needed]

Q1: What is the name of the pact held between the United States, Micronesia, Marshal Islands, and Palau?
A1: The Compacts of Free Association
Q2: What is the benefit of the  Compacts of Free Association?
A2: no restrictions to reside in the United States (also its territories)
Q3: What has Guam claimed about Compacts of Free Association?
A3: the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement
In 1899, the local postage stamps were overprinted "Guam" as was done for the other former Spanish colonies, but this was discontinued shortly thereafter and regular U.S. postage stamps have been used ever since. Because Guam is also part of the U.S. Postal System (postal abbreviation: GU, ZIP code range: 96910–96932), mail to Guam from the U.S. mainland is considered domestic and no additional charges are required. Private shipping companies, such as FedEx, UPS, and DHL, however, have no obligation to do so, and do not regard Guam as domestic.

Q1: In what year was the local postage stamp overprinted and has since been replaced?
A1: 1899
Q2: What type of postal service does Guam currently have today?
A2: U.S. postage
Q3: What is the current Zip Code range in Guam?
A3: 96910–96932
Q4: Which three major companies do not consider Guam as domestic when shipping is involved?
A4: FedEx, UPS, and DHL
The speed of mail traveling between Guam and the states varies depending on size and time of year. Light, first-class items generally take less than a week to or from the mainland, but larger first-class or Priority items can take a week or two. Fourth-class mail, such as magazines, are transported by sea after reaching Hawaii. Most residents use post office boxes or private mail boxes, although residential delivery is becoming increasingly available. Incoming mail not from the Americas should be addressed to "Guam" instead of "USA" to avoid being routed the long way through the U.S. mainland and possibly charged a higher rate (especially from Asia).

Q1: What determines the speed in which mail reaches Guam from the United States?
A1: on size and time of year
Q2: Which type of service usually takes less than a week to get postage to the island?
A2: first-class
Q3: What do most Guam residents use when receiving mail?
A3: post office boxes or private mail boxes
The Commercial Port of Guam is the island's lifeline because most products must be shipped into Guam for consumers. It receives the weekly calls of the Hawaii-based shipping line Matson, Inc. whose container ships connect Guam with Honolulu, Hawaii, Los Angeles, California, Oakland, California and Seattle, Washington. The port is also the regional transhipment hub for over 500,000 customers throughout the Micronesian region. The port is the shipping and receiving point for containers designated for the island's U.S. Department of Defense installations, Andersen Air Force Base and Commander, Naval Forces Marianas and eventually the Third Marine Expeditionary Force.

Q1: What is considered to be the lifeline of Guam?
A1: The Commercial Port
Q2: What is the name of the shipping company in Hawaii that connects Guam?
A2: Matson, Inc
Q3: Why is the port so important?
A3: most products must be shipped into Guam for consumers
Guam is served by the Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport, which is a hub for United Airlines. The island is outside the United States customs zone so Guam is responsible for establishing and operating its own customs and quarantine agency and jurisdiction. Therefore, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection only carries immigration (but not customs) functions. Since Guam is under federal immigration jurisdiction, passengers arriving directly from the United States skip immigration and proceed directly to Guam Customs and Quarantine.

Q1: What is the name of the international airport in Guam?
A1: Antonio B. Won Pat
Q2: What major airline resides at the airport?
A2: United Airlines
Q3: What is Guam responsible for when goods both come in and leave?
A3: operating its own customs and quarantine agency
Believed to be a stowaway on a U.S. military transport near the end of World War II, the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) was accidentally introduced to Guam, that previously had no native species of snake. It nearly eliminated the native bird population. The problem was exacerbated because the reptile has no natural predators on the island. The brown tree snake, known locally as the kulebla, is native to northern and eastern coasts of Australia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. While slightly venomous, the snake is relatively harmless to human beings. Although some studies have suggested a high density of these serpents on Guam, residents rarely see the nocturnal creatures. The United States Department of Agriculture has trained detector dogs to keep the snakes out of the island's cargo flow. The United States Geological Survey also has dogs capable of detecting snakes in forested environments around the region's islands.

Q1: Which animal was accidentally introduced into Guam?
A1: brown tree snake
Q2: What was accidentally introduced into Guam?
A2: brown tree snake
Q3: With the introduction of a non native snake in the area of Guam what impact did it have the island?
A3: nearly eliminated the native bird population
Q4: What has the U.S Department of Agriculture done to help watch for the snakes?
A4: has trained detector dogs to keep the snakes out of the island's cargo flow
Before the introduction of the brown tree snake, Guam was home to several endemic bird species. Among them were the Guam rail (or ko'ko' bird in Chamorro) and the Guam flycatcher, both common throughout the island. Today the flycatcher is entirely extinct while the Guam rail is extinct in the wild but bred in captivity by the Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources. The devastation caused by the snake has been significant over the past several decades. As many as twelve bird species are believed to have been driven to extinction. According to many elders, ko'ko' birds were common in Guam before World War II.

Q1: What are the names of the two native birds in Guam before the brown snake intrusion?
A1: Guam rail (or ko'ko' bird in Chamorro) and the Guam flycatcher
Q2: How many bird species have been driven to extinction in Guam?
A2: twelve bird species
Q3: What other bird was very common before WWII according to the elders?
A3: ko'ko' birds
An infestation of the coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB), Oryctes rhinoceros, was detected on Guam on September 12, 2007. CRB is not known to occur in the United States except in American Samoa. Delimiting surveys performed September 13–25, 2007 indicated that the infestation was limited to Tumon Bay and Faifai Beach, an area of approximately 900 acres (3.6 km2). Guam Department of Agriculture (GDA) placed quarantine on all properties within the Tumon area on October 5 and later expanded the quarantine to about 2,500 acres (10 km2) on October 25; approximately 0.5 miles (800 m) radius in all directions from all known locations of CRB infestation. CRB is native to Southern Asia and distributed throughout Asia and the Western Pacific including Sri Lanka, Upolu, Samoa, American Samoa, Palau, New Britain, West Irian, New Ireland, Pak Island and Manus Island (New Guinea), Fiji, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Mauritius, and Reunion.

Q1: What insect was detected in 2007?
A1: coconut rhinoceros beetle
Q2: What other American territory has these beetles that have infested Guam?
A2: American Samoa
Q3: Where is the Coconut Beetle native to?
A3: Southern Asia
Wildfires plague the forested areas of Guam every dry season despite the island's humid climate. Most fires are man-caused with 80% resulting from arson. Poachers often start fires to attract deer to the new growth. Invasive grass species that rely on fire as part of their natural life cycle grow in many regularly burned areas. Grasslands and "barrens" have replaced previously forested areas leading to greater soil erosion. During the rainy season sediment is carried by the heavy rains into the Fena Lake Reservoir and Ugum River, leading to water quality problems for southern Guam. Eroded silt also destroys the marine life in reefs around the island. Soil stabilization efforts by volunteers and forestry workers (planting trees) have had little success in preserving natural habitats.

Q1: What plagues the Guam dry season?
A1: Wildfires
Q2: What are the cause of the majority of the fires in the area?
A2: man
Q3: What causes water quality problems in Guam?
A3: sediment is carried by the heavy rains into the Fena Lake Reservoir and Ugum River
Efforts have been made to protect Guam's coral reef habitats from pollution, eroded silt and overfishing, problems that have led to decreased fish populations. (Since Guam is a significant vacation spot for scuba divers, this is important.) In recent years, the Department of Agriculture, Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources has established several new marine preserves where fish populations are monitored by biologists. Before adopting U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards, portions of Tumon Bay were dredged by the hotel chains to provide a better experience for hotel guests. Tumon Bay has since been made into a preserve. A federal Guam National Wildlife Refuge in northern Guam protects the decimated sea turtle population in addition to a small colony of Mariana fruit bats.

Q1: What has Guam recently being trying to protect?
A1: coral reef habitats
Q2: What has led to the decrease of fish near Guam?
A2: pollution, eroded silt and overfishing
Q3: What is the name of the flying mammal in Guam that some are concerned for?
A3: Mariana fruit bats
The University of Guam (UOG) and Guam Community College, both fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges, offer courses in higher education. UOG is a member of the exclusive group of only 76 U.S. land-grant institutions in the entire United States. Pacific Islands University is a small Christian liberal arts institution nationally accredited by the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools. They offer courses at both the undergraduate and graduate levels.

Q1: What are the names of the two colleges in Guam?
A1: The University of Guam (UOG) and Guam Community College
Q2: Who are these two schools accredited by?
A2: Western Association of Schools and Colleges
Q3: What is the name of the small Christian college in Guam?
A3: Pacific Islands University
The Guam Department of Education serves the entire island of Guam. In 2000, 32,000 students attended Guam's public schools. Guam Public Schools have struggled with problems such as high dropout rates and poor test scores. Guam's educational system has always faced unique challenges as a small community located 6,000 miles (9,700 km) from the U.S. mainland with a very diverse student body including many students who come from backgrounds without traditional American education. An economic downturn in Guam since the mid-1990s has compounded the problems in schools.

Q1: How many students as of 2000 were attending public schools in Guam?
A1: 32,000
Q2: What has plagued Guam public schools?
A2: high dropout rates and poor test scores
Q3: What is the name of the governing body of the school in all of Guam?
A3: The Guam Department of Education
The Government of Guam maintains the island's main health care facility, Guam Memorial Hospital, in Tamuning. U.S. board certified doctors and dentists practice in all specialties. In addition, the U.S. Naval Hospital in Agana Heights serves active-duty members and dependents of the military community. There is one subscriber-based air ambulance located on the island, CareJet, which provides emergency patient transportation across Guam and surrounding islands. A private hospital, the Guam Regional Medical City opened its doors in early 2016.

Q1: Who runs Guam's main health care facility?
A1: The Government of Guam
Q2: What is the name of the main health care facility in Guam?
A2: Guam Memorial Hospital
Q3: Which privately owned medical facility opened in 2016?
A3: Guam Regional Medical City
Philosophical empiricists hold no knowledge to be properly inferred or deduced unless it is derived from one's sense-based experience. This view is commonly contrasted with rationalism, which states that knowledge may be derived from reason independently of the senses. For example, John Locke held that some knowledge (e.g. knowledge of God's existence) could be arrived at through intuition and reasoning alone. Similarly Robert Boyle, a prominent advocate of the experimental method, held that we have innate ideas. The main continental rationalists (Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz) were also advocates of the empirical "scientific method".

Q1: What is commonly contrasted with empiricism?
A1: rationalism
Q2: Where does rationalism say knowledge comes from?
A2: reason independently of the senses
Q3: What is an example knowledge being derived from intuition?
A3: knowledge of God's existence
Q4: What did Locke think some knowledge could come from?
A4: intuition and reasoning alone
Q5: Where were the main European rationalists?
A5: Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz
Aristotle's explanation of how this was possible was not strictly empiricist in a modern sense, but rather based on his theory of potentiality and actuality, and experience of sense perceptions still requires the help of the active nous. These notions contrasted with Platonic notions of the human mind as an entity that pre-existed somewhere in the heavens, before being sent down to join a body on Earth (see Plato's Phaedo and Apology, as well as others). Aristotle was considered to give a more important position to sense perception than Plato, and commentators in the Middle Ages summarized one of his positions as "nihil in intellectu nisi prius fuerit in sensu" (Latin for "nothing in the intellect without first being in the senses").

Q1: What theory was Aristotle's explanation based on?
A1: his theory of potentiality and actuality
Q2: How did Plato's Phaedo and Apology think of the mind?
A2: an entity that pre-existed somewhere in the heavens, before being sent down to join a body on Earth
Q3: Who thought the senses were more important, Aristotle or Plato?
A3: Aristotle
Q4: Who thought the senses were less important, Aristotle or Plato?
A4: Plato
Q5: What does "nihil in intellectu nisi prius fuerit in sensu" mean?
A5: Latin for "nothing in the intellect without first being in the senses"
This idea was later developed in ancient philosophy by the Stoic school. Stoic epistemology generally emphasized that the mind starts blank, but acquires knowledge as the outside world is impressed upon it. The doxographer Aetius summarizes this view as "When a man is born, the Stoics say, he has the commanding part of his soul like a sheet of paper ready for writing upon." Later stoics, such as Sextus of Chaeronea, would continue this idea of empiricism in later Stoic writings as well. As Sextus contends "For every thought comes from sense-perception or not without sense-perception and either from direct experience or not without direct experience" (Against the Professors, 8.56-8).

Q1: What is the Stoic view?
A1: the mind starts blank, but acquires knowledge as the outside world is impressed upon it
Q2: What was Aetius's career?
A2: doxographer
Q3: Where was Sextus from?
A3: Chaeronea
Q4: Who wrote 'Against the Professors'?
A4: Sextus
Q5: Whose ideas did Sextus build on?
A5: Aetius
During the Middle Ages Aristotle's theory of tabula rasa was developed by Islamic philosophers starting with Al Farabi, developing into an elaborate theory by Avicenna and demonstrated as a thought experiment by Ibn Tufail. For Avicenna (Ibn Sina), for example, the tabula rasa is a pure potentiality that is actualized through education, and knowledge is attained through "empirical familiarity with objects in this world from which one abstracts universal concepts" developed through a "syllogistic method of reasoning in which observations lead to propositional statements which when compounded lead to further abstract concepts". The intellect itself develops from a material intellect (al-'aql al-hayulani), which is a potentiality "that can acquire knowledge to the active intellect (al-'aql al-fa'il), the state of the human intellect in conjunction with the perfect source of knowledge". So the immaterial "active intellect", separate from any individual person, is still essential for understanding to occur.

Q1: Whose idea was 'tabula rasa'?
A1: Aristotle
Q2: What religion was Al Farabi?
A2: Islamic
Q3: What does al-'aql al-hayulani mean?
A3: material intellect
Q4: What does al-'aql al-fa'il mean?
A4: active intellect
Q5: What is crucial for understanding?
A5: the immaterial "active intellect"
In the 12th century CE the Andalusian Muslim philosopher and novelist Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail (known as "Abubacer" or "Ebn Tophail" in the West) included the theory of tabula rasa as a thought experiment in his Arabic philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdhan in which he depicted the development of the mind of a feral child "from a tabula rasa to that of an adult, in complete isolation from society" on a desert island, through experience alone. The Latin translation of his philosophical novel, entitled Philosophus Autodidactus, published by Edward Pococke the Younger in 1671, had an influence on John Locke's formulation of tabula rasa in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.

Q1: What was 'Abubacer' normally called?
A1: Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail
Q2: What was 'Ebn Topnail' normally called?
A2: Abu Bakr Ibn Tufail
Q3: What was Ibn Tufail's religion?
A3: Muslim
Q4: What was Ibn Tufail's ethnicity?
A4: Andalusian
Q5: When did Ibn Tufail live?
A5: 12th century CE
In the late renaissance various writers began to question the medieval and classical understanding of knowledge acquisition in a more fundamental way. In political and historical writing Niccolò Machiavelli and his friend Francesco Guicciardini initiated a new realistic style of writing. Machiavelli in particular was scornful of writers on politics who judged everything in comparison to mental ideals and demanded that people should study the "effectual truth" instead. Their contemporary, Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) said, "If you find from your own experience that something is a fact and it contradicts what some authority has written down, then you must abandon the authority and base your reasoning on your own findings."

Q1: When was da Vinci born?
A1: 1452
Q2: When did da Vinci die?
A2: 1519
Q3: What did renaissance writers question?
A3: the medieval and classical understanding of knowledge acquisition
Q4: Who did Machiavelli disdain?
A4: writers on politics who judged everything in comparison to mental ideals
Q5: What did da Vinci advise when your experience contradicted authority?
A5: abandon the authority and base your reasoning on your own findings
The decidedly anti-Aristotelian and anti-clerical music theorist Vincenzo Galilei (ca. 1520–1591), father of Galileo and the inventor of monody, made use of the method in successfully solving musical problems, firstly, of tuning such as the relationship of pitch to string tension and mass in stringed instruments, and to volume of air in wind instruments; and secondly to composition, by his various suggestions to composers in his Dialogo della musica antica e moderna (Florence, 1581). The Italian word he used for "experiment" was esperienza. It is known that he was the essential pedagogical influence upon the young Galileo, his eldest son (cf. Coelho, ed. Music and Science in the Age of Galileo Galilei), arguably one of the most influential empiricists in history. Vincenzo, through his tuning research, found the underlying truth at the heart of the misunderstood myth of 'Pythagoras' hammers' (the square of the numbers concerned yielded those musical intervals, not the actual numbers, as believed), and through this and other discoveries that demonstrated the fallibility of traditional authorities, a radically empirical attitude developed, passed on to Galileo, which regarded "experience and demonstration" as the sine qua non of valid rational enquiry.

Q1: When was Vincenzo Galilei born?
A1: ca. 1520
Q2: When did Vincenzo Galilei die?
A2: 1591
Q3: Who was Vincenzo Galilei's oldest son?
A3: Galileo
Q4: What does 'esperienza' mean?
A4: experiment
British empiricism, though it was not a term used at the time, derives from the 17th century period of early modern philosophy and modern science. The term became useful in order to describe differences perceived between two of its founders Francis Bacon, described as empiricist, and René Descartes, who is described as a rationalist. Thomas Hobbes and Baruch Spinoza, in the next generation, are often also described as an empiricist and a rationalist respectively. John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume were the primary exponents of empiricism in the 18th century Enlightenment, with Locke being the person who is normally known as the founder of empiricism as such.

Q1: When was the British empiricism period?
A1: 17th century
Q2: What type of philosopher was Francis Bacon?
A2: empiricist
Q3: What type of philosopher was Descartes?
A3: rationalist
Q4: What type of philosopher was Hobbes?
A4: empiricist
Q5: What type of philosopher was Spinoza?
A5: rationalist