romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Following the elections of 1973, the constitution of Swaziland was suspended by King Sobhuza II who thereafter ruled the country by decree until his death in 1982. At this point Sobhuza II had ruled Swaziland for 61 years, making him the longest ruling monarch in history. A regency followed his death, with Queen Regent Dzeliwe Shongwe being head of state until 1984 when she was removed by Liqoqo and replaced by Queen Mother Ntfombi Tfwala. Mswati III, the son of Ntfombi, was crowned king on 25 April 1986 as King and Ingwenyama of Swaziland.

Q1: In what year was the constitution of Swaziland suspended?
A1: 1973
Q2: Who ruled Swaziland in the late 1970s?
A2: King Sobhuza II
Q3: When did King Sobhuza II die?
A3: 1982
Q4: Who was the head of state of Swaziland after King Sobhuza II
A4: Queen Regent Dzeliwe Shongwe
Q5: Which monarch of Swaziland was crownd in April 1986?
A5: Mswati III
The king appoints the prime minister from the legislature and also appoints a minority of legislators to both chambers of the Libandla (parliament) with help from an advisory council. The king is allowed by the constitution to appoint some members to parliament for special interests. These special interests are citizens who might have been left out by the electorate during the course of elections or did not enter as candidates. This is done to balance views in parliament. Special interests could be people of gender, race, disability, the business community, civic society, scholars, chiefs and so on.

Q1: Who appoints the prime minister of Swaziland?
A1: The king
Q2: What is the parliament of Swaziland known as?
A2: the Libandla
Q3: What part of the Swaziland parliament is appointed by the King?
A3: a minority
Q4: Why is the king allowed to appoint members of parliament?
A4: to balance views in parliament
The Swazi bicameral Parliament or Libandla consists of the Senate (30 seats; 10 members appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch; to serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (65 seats; 10 members appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by popular vote; to serve five-year terms). The elections are held every five years after dissolution of parliament by the king. The last elections were held on 20 September 2013. The balloting is done on a non-party basis in all categories. All election procedures are overseen by the elections and boundaries commission.

Q1: How many seats are in the Senate of Swaziland?
A1: 30 seats
Q2: How many members are there in the Swazi House of Assembly?
A2: 65
Q3: When were the most recent elections in Swaziland?
A3: 20 September 2013
Q4: How many members of the Swazi House of Assembly are chosen by the king?
A4: 10
Q5: Which group looks over elections in Swaziland?
A5: the elections and boundaries commission
In 2005, the constitution was put into effect. There is still much debate in the country about the constitutional reforms. From the early seventies, there was active resistance to the royal hegemony. Despite complaints from progressive formations, support for the monarchy and the current political system remains strong among the majority of the population.[citation needed] Submissions were made by citizens around the country to commissions, including the constitutional draft committee, indicating that they would prefer to maintain the current situation.

Q1: When did people begin to disputre royal hegenomy in Swaziland?
A1: the early seventies
Q2: What portion of Swaziland is said to support the monarchy of Swaziland?
A2: the majority
Q3: What entity took submissions about whether or not Swazi citizens wanted to change support of the monarchy?
A3: the constitutional draft committee
Nominations take place at the chiefdoms. On the day of nomination, the name of the nominee is raised by a show of hand and the nominee is given an opportunity to indicate whether he or she accepts the nomination. If he or she accepts it, he or she must be supported by at least ten members of that chiefdom. The nominations are for the position of Member of Parliament, Constituency Headman (Indvuna) and the Constituency Executive Committee (Bucopho). The minimum number of nominees is four and the maximum is ten.

Q1: How does a nominee for parliament in Swaziland get decided?
A1: a show of hand
Q2: What is the minimum number of members that must support a nominee to parliament in Swaziland?
A2: at least ten
Q3: What is an Indvuna as it relates to the Parliament of Swaziland?
A3: Constituency Headman
Q4: In the Swazi Parliament, what is the Bucopho?
A4: Constituency Executive Committee
Q5: What is the minimum amount of nominees taken on the day of nomination in the Swazi Parliament?
A5: four
As noted above, there are 55 tinkhundla in Swaziland and each elects one representative to the House of Assembly of Swaziland. Each inkhundla has a development committee (bucopho) elected from the various constituency chiefdoms in its area for a five-year term. Bucopho bring to the inkhundla all matters of interest and concern to their various chiefdoms, and take back to the chiefdoms the decisions of the inkhundla. The chairman of the bucopho is elected at the inkhundla and is called indvuna ye nkhundla.

Q1: How many representatives does each tinkhundla elect to the Swazi House of Assembly?
A1: one
Q2: What is a single term of a Swazi development committee?
A2: a five-year term
Q3: To whom do Bucopho take the decisions and concerns?
A3: the chiefdoms
Q4: What is the chairman of the bucopho also called?
A4: indvuna ye nkhundla
Q5: Where is the Bucopho chairman elected?
A5: at the inkhundla
A small, landlocked kingdom, Swaziland is bordered in the North, West and South by the Republic of South Africa and by Mozambique in the East. Swaziland has a land area of 17,364 km2. Swaziland has four separate geographical regions. These run from North to South and are determined by altitude. Swaziland is located at approximately 26°30'S, 31°30'E. Swaziland has a wide variety of landscapes, from the mountains along the Mozambican border to savannas in the east and rain forest in the northwest. Several rivers flow through the country, such as the Great Usutu River.

Q1: What nation is to the east of Swaziland?
A1: Mozambique
Q2: How large in square kilometers is Swaziland?
A2: 17,364 km2
Q3: What nation is on the north, east, and western borders of Swaziland?
A3: Republic of South Africa
Q4: How many geographical regions are within Swaziland?
A4: four
Q5: In which region is there rain forest in Swaziland?
A5: the northwest
About 75% of the population is employed in subsistence agriculture upon Swazi Nation Land (SNL). In contrast with the commercial farms, Swazi Nation Land suffers from low productivity and investment. This dual nature of the Swazi economy, with high productivity in textile manufacturing and in the industrialised agricultural TDLs on the one hand, and declining productivity subsistence agriculture (on SNL) on the other, may well explain the country's overall low growth, high inequality and unemployment.

Q1: What portion of the Swazi population are subsistence farmers?
A1: About 75%
Q2: Outside of agriculture what provides to the Swazi economy?
A2: textile manufacturing
Q3: In terms of Swaziland, what does SNL refer to?
A3: Swazi Nation Land
Q4: What are the problems with Swazi Nation Land?
A4: low productivity and investment
Economic growth in Swaziland has lagged behind that of its neighbours. Real GDP growth since 2001 has averaged 2.8%, nearly 2 percentage points lower than growth in other Southern African Customs Union (SACU) member countries. Low agricultural productivity in the SNLs, repeated droughts, the devastating effect of HIV/AIDS and an overly large and inefficient government sector are likely contributing factors. Swaziland's public finances deteriorated in the late 1990s following sizeable surpluses a decade earlier. A combination of declining revenues and increased spending led to significant budget deficits.

Q1: What has the Real growth in GDP since 2001 in Swaziland in percentage?
A1: 2.8%
Q2: How much lower is the Swazi Real GDP growth in comparison to other Southern African Customs Union members is Swaziland?
A2: nearly 2 percentage points
Q3: When did the public finances in Swaziland decline?
A3: the late 1990s
Q4: What led to Swazi budget cuts?
A4: declining revenues and increased spending
The considerable spending did not lead to more growth and did not benefit the poor. Much of the increased spending has gone to current expenditures related to wages, transfers, and subsidies. The wage bill today constitutes over 15% of GDP and 55% of total public spending; these are some of the highest levels on the African continent. The recent rapid growth in SACU revenues has, however, reversed the fiscal situation, and a sizeable surplus was recorded since 2006. SACU revenues today account for over 60% of total government revenues. On the positive side, the external debt burden has declined markedly over the last 20 years, and domestic debt is almost negligible; external debt as a percent of GDP was less than 20% in 2006.

Q1: What amount of total public spending in Swaziland is going to wages?
A1: 55%
Q2: What amount of government revenue in Swaziland is from the SACU?
A2: 60% of total government revenues
Q3: What has happened to debt external onus  in Swaziland in the past two decades?
A3: declined markedly
Q4: What percentage of the GDP was represented by outside debt in Swaziland in 2006?
A4: less than 20%
The Swazi economy is very closely linked to the economy of South Africa, from which it receives over 90% of its imports and to which it sends about 70% of its exports. Swaziland's other key trading partners are the United States and the EU, from whom the country has received trade preferences for apparel exports (under the African Growth and Opportunity Act – AGOA – to the US) and for sugar (to the EU). Under these agreements, both apparel and sugar exports did well, with rapid growth and a strong inflow of foreign direct investment. Textile exports grew by over 200% between 2000 and 2005 and sugar exports increasing by more than 50% over the same period.

Q1: Which nations economy is Swaziland most linked with?
A1: South Africa
Q2: What quantity of imports does Swaziland get from South Africa?
A2: over 90%
Q3: What percentage of exported goods from Swaziland end up in South Africa?
A3: 70%
Q4: What happened to Swazi exports of textiles from 2000 to 2005?
A4: exports grew by over 200%
Q5: Between 2000 and 2005 what percentage did Swazi sugar exports increase by?
A5: more than 50%
Swaziland's currency is pegged to the South African Rand, subsuming Swaziland's monetary policy to South Africa. Customs duties from the Southern African Customs Union, which may equal as much as 70% of government revenue this year, and worker remittances from South Africa substantially supplement domestically earned income. Swaziland is not poor enough to merit an IMF program; however, the country is struggling to reduce the size of the civil service and control costs at public enterprises. The government is trying to improve the atmosphere for foreign direct investment.

Q1: What currency is Swaziland bound to?
A1: South African Rand
Q2: Which nation does Swazi defer to when it comes to monetary policy?
A2: South Africa
Q3: Duties from customs represent what amount of Swaziland government revenue?
A3: as much as 70%
Q4: From where does Swaziland get customs revenue?
A4: Southern African Customs Union
83% of the total population adheres to Christianity, making it the most common religion in Swaziland. Anglican, Protestant and indigenous African churches, including African Zionist, constitute the majority of the Christians (40%), followed by Roman Catholicism at 20% of the population. On 18 July 2012, Ellinah Wamukoya, was elected Anglican Bishop of Swaziland, becoming the first woman to be a bishop in Africa. 15% of the population follows traditional religions; other non-Christian religions practised in the country include Islam (1%), the Bahá'í Faith (0.5%), and Hinduism (0.2%). There are 14 Jewish families.

Q1: What percentage of the Swazi population are Christian?
A1: 83%
Q2: Which religious belief is most prevelant in Swaziland?
A2: Christianity
Q3: What amount of Swazi Christians are Roman Catholic?
A3: 20%
Q4: Who is the Anglican Bishop of Swaziland?
A4: Ellinah Wamukoya
Q5: How many Jewish families are there in Swaziland?
A5: 14
In 2004, the Swaziland government acknowledged for the first time that it suffered an AIDS crisis, with 38.8% of tested pregnant women infected with HIV (see AIDS in Africa). The then Prime Minister Themba Dlamini declared a humanitarian crisis due to the combined effect of drought, land degradation, increased poverty, and HIV/AIDS. According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report, Swaziland is close to achieving universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment, defined as 80% coverage or greater. Estimates of treatment coverage range from 70% to 80% of those infected. Life expectancy had fallen from 61 years in 2000 to 32 years in 2009. Tuberculosis is also a significant problem, with an 18% mortality rate. Many patients have a multi-drug resistant strain, and 83% are co-infected with HIV.

Q1: Of pregnant women, how many are believed to be infected with HIV?
A1: 38.8%
Q2: What does UNAIDS consider universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment?
A2: 80% coverage or greater
Q3: Who was the prime minister of Swaziland in 2004?
A3: Themba Dlamini
Q4: What percentage of HIV/AIDS infected in Swaziland are believed to be treated?
A4: 70% to 80%
Q5: What is the rate of mortality for those with tuberculosis in Swaziland?
A5: 18%
Education in Swaziland begins with pre-school education for infants, primary, secondary and high school education for general education and training (GET), and universities and colleges at tertiary level. Pre-school education is usually for children 5-year or younger after that the students can enroll in a primary school anywhere in the country. In Swaziland early childhood care and education (ECCE) centres are in the form of preschools or neighbourhood care points (NCPs). In the country 21.6% of preschool age children have access to early childhood education.

Q1: What age attends pre-school in Swaziland?
A1: 5-year or younger
Q2: What percentage of children of age for preschool have access to education in Swaziland?
A2: 21.6%
Q3: In reference to education in Swaziland, hat is an NCP otherwise known as?
A3: neighbourhood care points
Q4: What is does ECCE refer to in the Swazi educational system?
A4: early childhood care and education
The secondary and high school education system in Swaziland is a five-year programme divided into three years junior secondary and two years senior secondary. There is an external public examination (Junior Certificate) at the end of the junior secondary that learners have to pass to progress to the senior secondary level. The Examination Council of Swaziland (ECOS) administers this examination. At the end of the senior secondary level, learners sit for a public examination, the Swaziland General Certificate of Secondary Education (SGCSE) and International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) which is accredited by the Cambridge International Examination (CIE). A few schools offer the Advanced Studies (AS) programme in their curriculum.

Q1: How many years does a student spend in secondary and high school in Swaziland?
A1: five
Q2: For how many years is a Swazi student in junior secondary school?
A2: three
Q3: What is the ECOS within the Swazi education system?
A3: Examination Council of Swaziland
Q4: What do students finishing senior secondary school get?
A4: Swaziland General Certificate of Secondary Education
Q5: What institution does the accreditation for the IGCSE in Swaziland?
A5: Cambridge International Examination
The University of Swaziland, Southern African Nazarene University, Swaziland Christian University are the institutions that offer university education in the country. A campus of Limkokwing University of Creative Technology can be found at Sidvwashini, a suburb of the capital Mbabane. There are some teaching and nursing assistant colleges around the country. Ngwane Teacher's College and William Pitcher College are the country's teaching colleges. The Good Shepherd Hospital in Siteki is home to the College for Nursing Assistants.

Q1: The University of Swaziland, Southern Nazarene University, offer higher learning in Swaziland, what is one other University?
A1: Swaziland Christian University
Q2: Where can one find the Limkoking University of Creative Technology?
A2: Sidvwashini
Q3: What is the capital of Swaziland?
A3: Mbabane
Q4: Where in Swaziland is The Good shepherd Hospital?
A4: Siteki
Q5: What nursing school does The Good Shepherd Hospital contain?
A5: College for Nursing Assistants
The main centre for technical training in Swaziland is the Swaziland College of Technology which is slated to become a full university. It aims to provide and facilitating high quality training and learning in technology and business studies in collaboration with the Commercial, Industrial and Public Sectors. Other technical and vocational institutions are the Gwamile Vocational and Commercial Training Institute located in Matsapha and the Manzini Industrial and Training Centre (MITC) in Manzini. Other vocational institutions include Nhlangano Agricultural Skills Training Center and Siteki Industrial Training Centre.

Q1: Which school is the main location for technical education in Swaziland?
A1: Swaziland College of Technology
Q2: What types of education does the Swaziland College of Technology offer?
A2: technology and business studies
Q3: What is the location of the Gwamile Vocational and Commercial Training Institute?
A3: Matsapha
Q4: There is an educational facility in Manzini within Swaziland known by the acronym MITC, what does it stand for?
A4: Manzini Industrial and Training Centre
In addition to these institutions, Swaziland also has the Swaziland Institute of Management and Public Administration (SIMPA) and Institute of Development Management (IDM). SIMPA is a government owned management and development institute and IDM is a regional organisation in Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland that provides training, consultancy, and research in management. The Mananga management centre was established as Mananga Agricultural Management Centre in 1972 as an International Management Development Centre catering for middle and senior managers, it is located at Ezulwini.

Q1: In terms of education in Swaziland what does the acronym SIMPA represent?
A1: Swaziland Institute of Management and Public Administration
Q2: In Swaziland, what is SIMPA?
A2: a government owned management and development institute
Q3: In which locations is the Institute of Development Management?
A3: Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland
Q4: What service does the IDM provide?
A4: training, consultancy, and research in management
Q5: In what year was the Mananga Management Centre founded?
A5: 1972
The Sangoma is a traditional diviner chosen by the ancestors of that particular family. The training of the Sangoma is called "kwetfwasa". At the end of the training, a graduation ceremony takes place where all the local sangoma come together for feasting and dancing. The diviner is consulted for various reasons, such the cause of sickness or even death. His diagnosis is based on "kubhula", a process of communication, through trance, with the natural superpowers. The Inyanga (a medical and pharmaceutical specialist in western terms) possesses the bone throwing skill ("kushaya ematsambo") used to determine the cause of the sickness.

Q1: In Swaziland, what is kwetfwasa?
A1: training of the Sangoma
Q2: What is a Sangoma in Swaziland?
A2: a traditional diviner
Q3: Why might one want to discover when consulting a sangoma in Swaziland?
A3: the cause of sickness or even death
Q4: How does a sangoma in Swaziland communicate?
A4: kubhula
Q5: What is kushaya ematsambo used for?
A5: to determine the cause of the sickness
Swaziland's most well-known cultural event is the annual Umhlanga Reed Dance. In the eight-day ceremony, girls cut reeds and present them to the queen mother and then dance. (There is no formal competition.) It is done in late August or early September. Only childless, unmarried girls can take part. The aims of the ceremony are to preserve girls' chastity, provide tribute labour for the Queen mother, and to encourage solidarity by working together. The royal family appoints a commoner maiden to be "induna" (captain) of the girls and she announces over the radio the dates of the ceremony. She will be an expert dancer and knowledgeable on royal protocol. One of the King's daughters will be her counterpart.

Q1: What is the most widely known event in Swazi culture?
A1: Umhlanga Reed Dance.
Q2: How long is the Umhlanga Reed Dance?
A2: eight
Q3: During what time of year is the Umhlanga Reed Dance?
A3: late August or early September
Q4: What individuals can take part in the Umhlanga Reed Dance?
A4: childless, unmarried girls
Q5: As it relates to girls, what is the purpose of the Umhlanga Reed Dance?
A5: to preserve girls' chastity
The Reed Dance today is not an ancient ceremony but a development of the old "umchwasho" custom. In "umchwasho", all young girls were placed in a female age-regiment. If any girl became pregnant outside of marriage, her family paid a fine of one cow to the local chief. After a number of years, when the girls had reached a marriageable age, they would perform labour service for the Queen Mother, ending with dancing and feasting. The country was under the chastity rite of "umchwasho" until 19 August 2005.

Q1: Until what date was Swaziland bound by umchwasho?
A1: 19 August 2005
Q2: What occurs during the custom of umchwaso in Swaziland?
A2: If any girl became pregnant outside of marriage, her family paid a fine
Q3: Who became bound by umchwaso in Swaziland?
A3: all young girls
Q4: From where did the Reed Dance originate?
A4: the old "umchwasho" custom
Q5: What would the end of umchwasho be marked with?
A5: dancing and feasting
The English word "translation" derives from the Latin translatio (which itself comes from trans- and from fero, the supine form of which is latum—together meaning "a carrying across" or "a bringing across"). The modern Romance languages use equivalents of the English term "translation" that are derived from that same Latin source or from the alternative Latin traducere ("to lead across" or "to bring across"). The Slavic and Germanic languages (except in the case of the Dutch equivalent, "vertaling"—a "re-language-ing") likewise use calques of these Latin sources.

Q1: What Latin word does the English word translation come from?
A1: translatio
Q2: What languages use equivalents of the English term "translation" that come from the same Latin source?
A2: Romance
Q3: What does Latin's traducere mean in English?
A3: "to lead across"
Q4: Slavic and Germanic languages also use a similar loanword from what source?
A4: Latin
Q5: What does the Dutch word "vertaling" roughly translate to?
A5: "re-language-ing"
Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity. Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century), translators have generally shown prudent flexibility in seeking equivalents — "literal" where possible, paraphrastic where necessary — for the original meaning and other crucial "values" (e.g., style, verse form, concordance with musical accompaniment or, in films, with speech articulatory movements) as determined from context.

Q1: How much has translation changed since antiquity?
A1: hardly
Q2: What have general been prudent about?
A2: seeking equivalents
Q3: For crucial values, what type of values do translators use where possible?
A3: literal
Q4: What kind of diversity has the practice of translation had?
A4: theoretical
Q5: When were there some extreme metaphrasers?
A5: early Christian period and the Middle Ages