romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
A gastropub concentrates on quality food. The name is a portmanteau of pub and gastronomy and was coined in 1991 when David Eyre and Mike Belben took over The Eagle pub in Clerkenwell, London. The concept of a restaurant in a pub reinvigorated both pub culture and British dining, though has occasionally attracted criticism for potentially removing the character of traditional pubs.

Q1: What two words is 'gastropub' a portanteau of?
A1: pub and gastronomy
Q2: In what year was the term gastropub invented?
A2: 1991
Q3: Along with David Eyre, who took over the Eagle pub?
A3: Mike Belben
Q4: In what city is the Eagle pub located?
A4: London
Q5: In what area of London is the Eagle pub located?
A5: Clerkenwell
CAMRA maintains a "National Inventory" of historical notability and of architecturally and decoratively notable pubs. The National Trust owns thirty-six public houses of historic interest including the George Inn, Southwark, London and The Crown Liquor Saloon, Belfast, Northern Ireland.

Q1: How many pubs does the National Trust own?
A1: thirty-six
Q2: In what city is the George Inn located?
A2: London
Q3: What city is home to The Crown Liquor Saloon?
A3: Belfast
Q4: What part of the United Kingdom is Belfast located in?
A4: Northern Ireland
Q5: What body maintains a National Inventory of notable pubs?
A5: CAMRA
The highest pub in the United Kingdom is the Tan Hill Inn, Yorkshire, at 1,732 feet (528 m) above sea level. The remotest pub on the British mainland is The Old Forge in the village of Inverie, Lochaber, Scotland. There is no road access and it may only be reached by an 18-mile (29 km) walk over mountains, or a 7-mile (11 km) sea crossing. Likewise, The Berney Arms in Norfolk has no road access. It may be reached by foot or by boat, and by train as it is served by the nearby Berney Arms railway station, which likewise has no road access and serves no other settlement.

Q1: What pub in England is the highest above sea level?
A1: the Tan Hill Inn
Q2: In what county is the Tan Hill Inn located?
A2: Yorkshire
Q3: How many meters above sea level is the Tan Hill Inn?
A3: 528
Q4: In what settlement is the pub known as The Old Forge located?
A4: Inverie
Q5: In what country of the United Kingdom is the Old Forge pub located?
A5: Scotland
A number of pubs claim to be the oldest surviving establishment in the United Kingdom, although in several cases original buildings have been demolished and replaced on the same site. Others are ancient buildings that saw uses other than as a pub during their history. Ye Olde Fighting Cocks in St Albans, Hertfordshire, holds the Guinness World Record for the oldest pub in England, as it is an 11th-century structure on an 8th-century site. Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem in Nottingham is claimed to be the "oldest inn in England". It has a claimed date of 1189, based on the fact it is constructed on the site of the Nottingham Castle brewhouse; the present building dates from around 1650. Likewise, The Nags Head in Burntwood, Staffordshire only dates back to the 16th century, but there has been a pub on the site since at least 1086, as it is mentioned in the Domesday Book.

Q1: What pub holds the Guinness World Record as the oldest in England?
A1: Ye Olde Fighting Cocks
Q2: In what century was the building occupied by Ye Olde Fighting Cocks built?
A2: 11th
Q3: Where is Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem located?
A3: Nottingham
Q4: When does Ye Olde Trip to Jerusalem claim to have been founded?
A4: 1189
Q5: When was a pub documented as existing on the current site of the Nags Head?
A5: 1086
There is archaeological evidence that parts of the foundations of The Old Ferryboat Inn in Holywell may date to AD 460, and there is evidence of ale being served as early as AD 560.

Q1: Where is The Old Ferryboat Inn located?
A1: Holywell
Q2: How far back does the foundation of The Old Ferryboat Inn date?
A2: 460
Q3: When was ale first served at the site of The Old Ferryboat Inn?
A3: 560
The Bingley Arms, Bardsey, Yorkshire, is claimed to date to 905 AD. Ye Olde Salutation Inn in Nottingham dates from 1240, although the building served as a tannery and a private residence before becoming an inn sometime before the English Civil War. The Adam and Eve in Norwich was first recorded in 1249, when it was an alehouse for the workers constructing nearby Norwich Cathedral. Ye Olde Man & Scythe in Bolton, Lancashire, is mentioned by name in a charter of 1251, but the current building is dated 1631. Its cellars are the only surviving part of the older structure.

Q1: When does The Bingley Arms claim to have been founded?
A1: 905
Q2: In what county is the Bingley Arms located?
A2: Yorkshire
Q3: When does the building housing Ye Olde Salutation Inn date back to?
A3: 1240
Q4: Where is Ye Olde Salutation Inn located?
A4: Nottingham
Q5: When does the building housing Ye Olde Man & Scythe date from?
A5: 1631
The town of Stalybridge in Cheshire is thought to have the pubs with both the longest and shortest names in the United Kingdom — The Old 13th Cheshire Rifleman Corps Inn and the Q Inn.

Q1: What town is the Q Inn located in?
A1: Stalybridge
Q2: What county is home to The Old 13th Cheshire Rifleman Corps Inn?
A2: Cheshire
Q3: What pub has the shortest name in the United Kingdom?
A3: the Q Inn
Q4: What is the pub with the longest name in the UK?
A4: The Old 13th Cheshire Rifleman Corps Inn
Q5: What county is Stalybridge in?
A5: Cheshire
The number of pubs in the UK has declined year on year, at least since 1982. Various reasons are put forward for this, such as the failure of some establishments to keep up with customer requirements. Others claim the smoking ban of 2007, intense competition from gastro-pubs, the availability of cheap alcohol in supermarkets or the general economic climate are either to blame, or are factors in the decline. Changes in demographics may be an additional factor.

Q1: When was a smoking ban passed in the United Kingdom?
A1: 2007
Q2: In what year did the number of United Kingdom pubs generally start to decline?
A2: 1982
Q3: Competition from what new form of establishment is sometimes blamed for the decline of pubs?
A3: gastro-pubs
Q4: What business that sells cheap alcohol has sometimes been held to have resulted in the decline of pubs?
A4: supermarkets
The Lost Pubs Project listed 28,095 closed pubs on 21 April 2015, with photographs of many. In 2015 the rate of pub closures came under the scrutiny of Parliament in the UK, with a promise of legislation to improve relations between owners and tenants.

Q1: How many closed pubs did The Lost Pubs Project catalog?
A1: 28,095
Q2: In what year did Parliament inquire into the frequency of pub closures?
A2: 2015
Q3: What did Parliament promise to pass as a result of increased pub closures?
A3: legislation to improve relations between owners and tenants
The highwayman Dick Turpin used the Swan Inn at Woughton-on-the-Green in Buckinghamshire as his base. In the 1920s John Fothergill (1876–1957) was the innkeeper of the Spread Eagle in Thame, Berkshire, and published his autobiography: An Innkeeper's Diary (London: Chatto & Windus, 1931). During his idiosyncratic occupancy many famous people came to stay, such as H. G. Wells. United States president George W. Bush fulfilled his lifetime ambition of visiting a 'genuine British pub' during his November 2003 state visit to the UK when he had lunch and a pint of non-alcoholic lager (Bush being a teetotaler) with British Prime Minister Tony Blair at the Dun Cow pub in Sedgefield, County Durham in Blair's home constituency. There were approximately 53,500 public houses in 2009 in the United Kingdom. This number has been declining every year, so that nearly half of the smaller villages no longer have a local pub.

Q1: Who was based out of the Swan Inn?
A1: Dick Turpin
Q2: In what county was the Swan Inn located?
A2: Buckinghamshire
Q3: What was the name of the innkeeper at the Spread Eagle in the 1920s?
A3: John Fothergill
Q4: In what year was An Innkeeper's Diary published?
A4: 1931
Q5: What publishing house published An Innkeeper's Diary?
A5: Chatto & Windus
Many of London's pubs are known to have been used by famous people, but in some cases, such as the association between Samuel Johnson and Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese, this is speculative, based on little more than the fact that the person is known to have lived nearby. However, Charles Dickens is known to have visited the Cheshire Cheese, the Prospect of Whitby, Ye Olde Cock Tavern and many others. Samuel Pepys is also associated with the Prospect of Whitby and the Cock Tavern.

Q1: What pub was associated with Samuel Johnson, perhaps erroneously?
A1: Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese
Q2: Along with the Prospect of Whitby, what pub was Samuel Pepys associated with?
A2: the Cock Tavern
Q3: What writer was known to visit both the Cheshire Cheese and the Prospect of Whitby?
A3: Charles Dickens
Q4: Along with the Prospect of Whitby and the Cheshire Cheese, what pub did Dickens visit?
A4: Ye Olde Cock Tavern
The Fitzroy Tavern is a pub situated at 16 Charlotte Street in the Fitzrovia district, to which it gives its name. It became famous (or according to others, infamous) during a period spanning the 1920s to the mid-1950s as a meeting place for many of London's artists, intellectuals and bohemians such as Dylan Thomas, Augustus John, and George Orwell. Several establishments in Soho, London, have associations with well-known, post-war literary and artistic figures, including the Pillars of Hercules, The Colony Room and the Coach and Horses. The Canonbury Tavern, Canonbury, was the prototype for Orwell's ideal English pub, The Moon Under Water.

Q1: What is the street address of The Fitzroy Tavern?
A1: 16 Charlotte Street
Q2: In what district of London is The Fitzroy Tavern located?
A2: Fitzrovia
Q3: In what district of London is Pillars of Hercules located?
A3: Soho
Q4: What real-life pub provided the model for Orwell's The Moon Under Water?
A4: The Canonbury Tavern
Q5: In what district of London is The Canonbury Tavern located?
A5: Canonbury
The Red Lion in Parliament Square is close to the Palace of Westminster and is consequently used by political journalists and members of parliament. The pub is equipped with a Division bell that summons MPs back to the chamber when they are required to take part in a vote. The Punch Bowl, Mayfair was at one time jointly owned by Madonna and Guy Ritchie. The Coleherne public house in Earls Court was a well-known gay pub from the 1950s. It attracted many well-known patrons, such as Freddie Mercury, Kenny Everett and Rudolph Nureyev. It was used by the serial-killer Colin Ireland to pick up victims.

Q1: Where is the Red Lion located?
A1: Parliament Square
Q2: What notable feature of the Red Lion reflects its parliamentary connection?
A2: a Division bell
Q3: Who owned the Punch Bowl with Guy Ritchie?
A3: Madonna
Q4: In what district of London was the Punch Bowl located?
A4: Mayfair
Q5: What pub was visited by Freddie Mercury?
A5: The Coleherne
In 1966 The Blind Beggar in Whitechapel became infamous as the scene of a murder committed by gangster Ronnie Kray. The Ten Bells is associated with several of the victims of Jack the Ripper. In 1955, Ruth Ellis, the last woman executed in the United Kingdom, shot David Blakely as he emerged from The Magdala in South Hill Park, Hampstead, the bullet holes can still be seen in the walls outside. It is said that Vladimir Lenin and a young Joseph Stalin met in the Crown and Anchor pub (now known as The Crown Tavern) on Clerkenwell Green when the latter was visiting London in 1903.

Q1: At what pub did Ronnie Kray kill someone in 1966?
A1: The Blind Beggar
Q2: What pub is associated with some of Jack the Ripper's victims?
A2: The Ten Bells
Q3: Outside what pub was David Blakely shot?
A3: The Magdala
Q4: What is the present name of the former Crown and Anchor?
A4: The Crown Tavern
Q5: In what year did Joseph Stalin visit London?
A5: 1903
The Angel, Islington was formerly a coaching inn, the first on the route northwards out of London, where Thomas Paine is believed to have written much of The Rights of Man. It was mentioned by Charles Dickens, became a Lyons Corner House, and is now a Co-operative Bank.

Q1: At what pub did Thomas Paine write The Rights of Man?
A1: The Angel
Q2: In what district of London is The Angel located?
A2: Islington
Q3: What writer mentioned The Angel pub in his writings?
A3: Charles Dickens
Q4: What is the present status of the Angel pub?
A4: a Co-operative Bank
Q5: Prior to becoming a pub, what did the Angel serve as?
A5: a coaching inn
The Eagle and Child and the Lamb and Flag, Oxford, were regular meeting places of the Inklings, a writers' group which included J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis. The Eagle in Cambridge is where Francis Crick interrupted patrons' lunchtime on 28 February 1953 to announce that he and James Watson had "discovered the secret of life" after they had come up with their proposal for the structure of DNA. The anecdote is related in Watson's book The Double Helix. and commemorated with a blue plaque on the outside wall.

Q1: Along with the Eagle and Child, at what pub did the Inklings regularly meet?
A1: the Lamb and Flag
Q2: Where is the Eagle and Child located?
A2: Oxford
Q3: Along with J. R. R. Tolkien, who was a noted member of the Inklings?
A3: C. S. Lewis
Q4: Where is the Eagle pub located?
A4: Cambridge
Q5: On what date did Francis Crick announce to an audience of pub-goers that he had discovered DNA?
A5: 28 February 1953
The major soap operas on British television each feature a pub, and these pubs have become household names. The Rovers Return is the pub in Coronation Street, the British soap broadcast on ITV. The Queen Vic (short for the Queen Victoria) is the pub in EastEnders, the major soap on BBC One and the Woolpack in ITV's Emmerdale. The sets of each of the three major television soap operas have been visited by some of the members of the royal family, including Queen Elizabeth II. The centrepiece of each visit was a trip into the Rovers, the Queen Vic, or the Woolpack to be offered a drink. The Bull in the BBC Radio 4 soap opera The Archers is an important meeting point.

Q1: What pub is feature on the British soap opera Coronation Street?
A1: The Rovers Return
Q2: What pub is featured on EastEnders?
A2: The Queen Vic
Q3: What channel is EastEnders broadcast on?
A3: BBC One
Q4: What channel is home to the soap opera Emmerdale?
A4: ITV
Q5: What pub is featured on Emmerdale?
A5: the Woolpack
Although "British" pubs found outside of Britain and its former colonies are often themed bars owing little to the original British pub, a number of "true" pubs may be found around the world.

Q1: What would be a more accurate classification for many "British" pubs found outside Britain?
A1: themed bars
In Denmark—a country, like Britain, with a long tradition of brewing—a number of pubs have opened which eschew "theming", and which instead focus on the business of providing carefully conditioned beer, often independent of any particular brewery or chain, in an environment which would not be unfamiliar to a British pub-goer. Some import British cask ale, rather than beer in kegs, to provide the full British real ale experience to their customers. This newly established Danish interest in British cask beer and the British pub tradition is reflected by the fact that some 56 British cask beers were available at the 2008 European Beer Festival in Copenhagen, which was attended by more than 20,000 people.

Q1: What continental European country has pubs that would be familiar to a Briton?
A1: Denmark
Q2: How many British cask beers were present at the 2008 European Beer Festival?
A2: 56
Q3: In what city did the 2008 European Beer Festival take place?
A3: Copenhagen
Q4: About how many people visited the 2008 European Beer Festival?
A4: 20,000
In Ireland, pubs are known for their atmosphere or "craic". In Irish, a pub is referred to as teach tábhairne ("tavernhouse") or teach óil ("drinkinghouse"). Live music, either sessions of traditional Irish music or varieties of modern popular music, is frequently featured in the pubs of Ireland. Pubs in Northern Ireland are largely identical to their counterparts in the Republic of Ireland except for the lack of spirit grocers. A side effect of "The Troubles" was that the lack of a tourist industry meant that a higher proportion of traditional bars have survived the wholesale refitting of Irish pub interiors in the 'English style' in the 1950s and 1960s. New Zealand sports a number of Irish pubs.

Q1: What is the native Irish term for a pub's atmosphere?
A1: craic
Q2: What does teach tábhairne mean in English?
A2: tavernhouse
Q3: What Irish term means "drinkinghouse"?
A3: teach óil
Q4: Vis-à-vis pubs in Ireland, what feature do pubs in Northern Ireland lack?
A4: spirit grocers
Q5: What country outside Ireland is known for having Irish pubs?
A5: New Zealand
The most popular term in English-speaking Canada used for a drinking establishment was "tavern", until the 1970s when the term "bar" became widespread as in the United States. In the 1800s the term used was "public house" as in England but "pub culture" did not spread to Canada. A fake "English looking" pub trend started in the 1990s, built into existing storefronts, like regular bars. Most universities in Canada have campus pubs which are central to student life, as it would be bad form just to serve alcohol to students without providing some type of basic food. Often these pubs are run by the student's union. The gastropub concept has caught on, as traditional British influences are to be found in many Canadian dishes. There are now pubs in the large cities of Canada that cater to anyone interested in a "pub" type drinking environment.[citation needed]

Q1: Traditionally, what was the popular term for a drinking establishment in English-speaking Canada?
A1: tavern
Q2: In what decade did "bar" become the popular term for a drinking establishment in English-speaking Canada?
A2: 1970s
Q3: In the 19th century, what term was used in English-speaking Canada to describe a drinking establishment?
A3: public house
Q4: What body often runs pubs on the campuses of Canadian universities?
A4: the student's union
Q5: In what decade could one find an "English looking" pub trend in Canada?
A5: 1990s
A Christian ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. "Christian" derives from the Koine Greek word Christós (Χριστός), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach.

Q1: What is a person who follows Christianity called?
A1: Christian
Q2: Whose life do Christians learn from?
A2: Jesus Christ
Q3: What Greek word is Christian derived from?
A3: Christós
Q4: Christós is translated from what Biblical term?
A4: mashiach
There are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, "Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance." The term "Christian" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a proverbial sense "all that is noble, and good, and Christ-like." It is also used as a label to identify people who associate with the cultural aspects of Christianity, irrespective of personal religious beliefs or practices.

Q1: While many, the perceptions of Christianity can sometimes what?
A1: conflict
Q2: Regardless of beliefs, Christians all agree that Jesus has a unique what?
A2: significance
Q3: Whether one partakes in practices or beliefs, the label Christian is sometimes attached because they associate with what?
A3: the cultural aspects of Christianity
According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.

Q1: According to one report, how many Christians were in the world in 2010?
A1: 2.2 billion
Q2: How many Christians were in the world in 1910?
A2: 600 million
Q3: If growth continues as it has, what religion will be the largest in the world by 2050?
A3: Christianity
Today, about 37% of all Christians live in the Americas, and about 26% live in Europe, 24% of total Christians live in sub-Saharan Africa, about 13% in Asia and the Pacific, and 1% of the world's Christians live in the Middle east and North Africa. About half of all Christians worldwide are Catholic, while more than a third are Protestant (37%). Orthodox communions comprise 12% of the world's Christians. Other Christian groups make up the remainder. Christians make up the majority of the population in 158 countries and territories. 280 million Christian live as a minority.

Q1: Of all the Christians in the world, how many are Catholic?
A1: half
Q2: Christians are the majority in how many countries and territories in the world today?
A2: 158
The Greek word Χριστιανός (Christianos), meaning "follower of Christ", comes from Χριστός (Christos), meaning "anointed one", with an adjectival ending borrowed from Latin to denote adhering to, or even belonging to, as in slave ownership. In the Greek Septuagint, christos was used to translate the Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (Mašíaḥ, messiah), meaning "[one who is] anointed." In other European languages, equivalent words to Christian are likewise derived from the Greek, such as Chrétien in French and Cristiano in Spanish.

Q1: What Greek word defines as "follower of Christ?"
A1: Χριστιανός (Christianos)
Q2: Where does the Greek word Χριστιανός (Christianos) come from?
A2: Χριστός (Christos)
Q3: What does Χριστός (Christos) mean?
A3: anointed one
Q4: What is the French word for Christian that was derived from Greek?
A4: Chrétien
The first recorded use of the term (or its cognates in other languages) is in the New Testament, in Acts 11:26, after Barnabas brought Saul (Paul) to Antioch where they taught the disciples for about a year, the text says: "[...] the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch." The second mention of the term follows in Acts 26:28, where Herod Agrippa II replied to Paul the Apostle, "Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian." The third and final New Testament reference to the term is in 1 Peter 4:16, which exhorts believers: "Yet if [any man suffer] as a Christian, let him not be ashamed; but let him glorify God on this behalf."

Q1: Where is the first reference to the word Christian in the Bible?
A1: Acts 11:26
Q2: Who made the second reference to the word Christian in the Bible?
A2: Herod Agrippa II
Q3: When verse was the third mention?
A3: Peter 4:16
Kenneth Samuel Wuest holds that all three original New Testament verses' usages reflect a derisive element in the term Christian to refer to followers of Christ who did not acknowledge the emperor of Rome. The city of Antioch, where someone gave them the name Christians, had a reputation for coming up with such nicknames. However Peter's apparent endorsement of the term led to its being preferred over "Nazarenes" and the term Christianoi from 1 Peter becomes the standard term in the Early Church Fathers from Ignatius and Polycarp onwards.

Q1: Kenneth Samuel Wuest believes that the Biblical Christian term referenced people who did not acknowledge who?
A1: the emperor of Rome
Q2: In what city did the term Christians start?
A2: Antioch
Q3: When Peter endorsed the term, the term Christian was used instead of what other term?
A3: Nazarenes