romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
The Institute also maintains a dozen regional offices around the United Kingdom, it opened its first regional office for the East of England at Cambridge in 1966.

Q1: How many satellite offices does the Royal Institute run in the UK?
A1: a dozen
Q2: When was RIBA's first satellite office opened?
A2: 1966
Q3: In what city was the first RIBA branch office opened?
A3: Cambridge
Q4: What territory did RIBA's Cambridge branch office cover?
A4: the East of England
RIBA Enterprises is the commercial arm of RIBA, with a registered office in Newcastle upon Tyne, a base at 15 Bonhill Street in London, and an office in Newark. It employs over 250 staff, approximately 180 of whom are based in Newcastle.

Q1: What is the name of the Royal Institute's business operation?
A1: RIBA Enterprises
Q2: Where does RIBA's business group have its headquarters office?
A2: 15 Bonhill Street in London
Q3: How many people work for RIBA Enterprises?
A3: over 250
Q4: How many of RIBA Enterprises' staff are located at the Newcastle office?
A4: 180
Its services include RIBA Insight, RIBA Appointments, and RIBA Publishing. It publishes the RIBA Product Selector and RIBA Journal. In Newcastle is the NBS, the National Building Specification, which has 130 staff and deals with the building regulations and the Construction Information Service. RIBA Bookshops, which operates online and at 66 Portland Place, is also part of RIBA Enterprises.

Q1: What are three divisions of RIBA Enterprises?
A1: RIBA Insight, RIBA Appointments, and RIBA Publishing
Q2: What are two publications produced by RIBA Publishing?
A2: RIBA Product Selector and RIBA Journal
Q3: What does NBS stand for?
A3: National Building Specification
Q4: How many people work for the NBS?
A4: 130
Q5: Where is the NBS located?
A5: Newcastle
The British Architectural Library, sometimes referred to as the RIBA Library, was established in 1834 upon the founding of the institute with donations from members. Now, with over four million items, it is one of the three largest architectural libraries in the world and the largest in Europe. Some items from the collections are on permanent display at the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) in the V&A + RIBA Architecture Gallery and included in temporary exhibitions at the RIBA and across Europe and North America. Its collections include:

Q1: What is another name for the Royal Institute Library?
A1: The British Architectural Library
Q2: When was the RIBA library founded?
A2: 1834
Q3: How many materials are housed in the RIBA library?
A3: over four million
Q4: The British Architectural Library is the biggest library of its kind in which continent?
A4: Europe
Q5: In what institution are some materials from the RIBA collection located?
A5: Victoria and Albert Museum
The overcrowded conditions of the library was one of the reasons why the RIBA moved from 9 Conduit Street to larger premises at 66 Portland Place in 1934. The library remained open throughout World War Two and was able to shelter the archives of Modernist architect Adolf Loos during the war.

Q1: What was the RIBA Library's first address?
A1: 9 Conduit Street
Q2: Where did RIBA move its library?
A2: 66 Portland Place
Q3: In what year did RIBA move its library?
A3: 1934
Q4: Which architect's work was preserved throughout World War II by the Royal Institute's Library?
A4: Adolf Loos
The library is based at two public sites: the Reading Room at the RIBA's headquarters, 66 Portland Place, London; and the RIBA Architecture Study Rooms in the Henry Cole Wing of the V&A. The Reading Room, designed by the building's architect George Grey Wornum and his wife Miriam, retains its original 1934 Art Deco interior with open bookshelves, original furniture and double-height central space. The study rooms, opened in 2004, were designed by Wright & Wright. The library is funded entirely by the RIBA but it is open to the public without charge. It operates a free education programme aimed at students, education groups and families, and an information service for RIBA members and the public through the RIBA Information Centre.

Q1: Where is the Royal Institute Library's Reading Room located?
A1: 66 Portland Place
Q2: Where are RIBA's Study Rooms located?
A2: the Henry Cole Wing of the V&A
Q3: What art style was used inthe design of the Reading Room?
A3: Art Deco
Q4: In what year did the Royal Institute's Reading Rooms open?
A4: 2004
Q5: Who is meant to benefit from teaching provided by the RIBA library?
A5: students, education groups and families
Since 2004, through the V&A + RIBA Architecture Partnership, the RIBA and V&A have worked together to promote the understanding and enjoyment of architecture.

Q1: When did the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Royal Institute of British Architects start a formal relationship?
A1: 2004
Q2: What is the name of the joint venture involving the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Royal Institute of British Architects?
A2: the V&A + RIBA Architecture Partnership
Q3: What is the main goal of the V&A + RIBA partnership?
A3: to promote the understanding and enjoyment of architecture
In 2004, the two institutions created the Architecture Gallery (Room 128) at the V&A showing artefacts from the collections of both institutions, this was the first permanent gallery devoted to architecture in the UK. The adjacent Architecture Exhibition Space (Room 128a) is used for temporary displays related to architecture. Both spaces were designed by Gareth Hoskins Architects. At the same time the RIBA Library Drawing and Archives Collections moved from 21 Portman Place to new facilities in the Henry Cole Wing at the V&A. Under the Partnership new study rooms were opened where members of the public could view items from the RIBA and V&A architectural collections under the supervision of curatorial staff. These and the nearby education room were designed by Wright & Wright Architects.

Q1: In what space at the V&A is the Architecture Gallery located?
A1: Room 128
Q2: What is found at Room 128a of the Victoria & Albert Museum?
A2: Architecture Exhibition Space
Q3: Who designed rooms 128 and 128a at the V&A Museum?
A3: Gareth Hoskins Architects
Q4: Where was the Royal Institute's Drawing and Archives Collections located originally?
A4: 21 Portman Place
Q5: What part of the V&A was the Royal Institute's Drawing and Archives collection moved to?
A5: the Henry Cole Wing
RIBA runs many awards including the Stirling Prize for the best new building of the year, the Royal Gold Medal (first awarded in 1848), which honours a distinguished body of work, and the Stephen Lawrence Prize for projects with a construction budget of less than £500,000. The RIBA also awards the President's Medals for student work, which are regarded as the most prestigious awards in architectural education, and the RIBA President's Awards for Research. The RIBA European Award was inaugurated in 2005 for work in the European Union, outside the UK. The RIBA National Award and the RIBA International Award were established in 2007. Since 1966, the RIBA also judges regional awards which are presented locally in the UK regions (East, East Midlands, London, North East, North West, Northern Ireland, Scotland, South/South East, South West/Wessex, Wales, West Midlands and Yorkshire).

Q1: What does the Royal Institute of British Architects award the Stirling Prize for?
A1: the best new building of the year
Q2: What was the first year in which RIBA's Royal Gold Medal was given?
A2: 1848
Q3: What is the Royal Gold Medal awarded for?
A3: a distinguished body of work
Q4: What is the limit of how much can be spent on projects receiving the Stephen Lawrence Prize?
A4: £500,000
Q5: What is the name of the RIBA awards given to students of architecture?
A5: the President's Medals
Architectural design competitions are used by an organisation that plans to build a new building or refurbish an existing building. They can be used for buildings, engineering work, structures, landscape design projects or public realm artworks. A competition typically asks for architects and/or designers to submit a design proposal in response to a given Brief. The winning design will then be selected by an independent jury panel of design professionals and client representatives. The independence of the jury is vital to the fair conduct of a competition.

Q1: What are events that a company can sponsor when it is planning a new construction project or redesigning an existing one?
A1: Architectural design competitions
Q2: What is provided to guide entrants in an architectural competition?
A2: Brief
Q3: What kinds of people generally make up the panels which judge architecture competitions?
A3: design professionals and client representatives
Q4: What is necessary for the integrity of a design competition?
A4: independence of the jury
Q5: What kind of artistic production can be supported by design competitions?
A5: public realm artworks
In addition to the Architects Registration Board, the RIBA provides accreditation to architecture schools in the UK under a course validation procedure. It also provides validation to international courses without input from the ARB.

Q1: Aside from the ARB, what other organization offers accreditation services for schools serving architects?
A1: RIBA
Q2: What process does RIBA use in its accreditation system?
A2: course validation
Q3: What kinds of courses does RIBA conduct accreditation services for apart from the Architects Registration Board?
A3: international courses
The RIBA has three parts to the education process: Part I which is generally a three-year first degree, a year-out of at least one year work experience in an architectural practice precedes the Part II which is generally a two-year post graduate diploma or masters. A further year out must be taken before the RIBA Part III professional exams can be taken. Overall it takes a minimum of seven years before an architecture student can seek chartered status.

Q1: What is the first step in the Royal Institute's guidelines for education?
A1: three-year first degree
Q2: What is required by the second stage in the education provisions set out by RIBA?
A2: a two-year post graduate diploma or masters
Q3: What does the third part of the Royal Institute's educational process contain?
A3: professional exams
Q4: How long does it take, at the least, for a student to be eligible for the title of Chartered?
A4: seven years
Q5: What occurs between the second and third parts of the education process prescribed by the Royal Institute?
A5: A further year out
In 2007, RIBA called for minimum space standards in newly built British houses after research was published suggesting that British houses were falling behind other European countries. "The average new home sold to people today is significantly smaller than that built in the 1920s... We're way behind the rest of Europe—even densely populated Holland has better proportioned houses than are being built in the country. So let's see minimum space standards for all new homes," said RIBA president Jack Pringle.

Q1: What did the Royal Institute support in order to keep up with housing in mainland Europe?
A1: minimum space standards
Q2: When did the Royal Institute promote setting lower limits on the size of new homes in Britain?
A2: 2007
Q3: Who was the head of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 2007?
A3: Jack Pringle
Q4: To what decade did Pringle unfavorably compare the size of modern British homes?
A4: the 1920s
Q5: What country did Pringle cite as having homes with better proportions than those found in the UK?
A5: Holland
The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States government charged with preserving and documenting government and historical records and with increasing public access to those documents, which comprise the National Archives. NARA is officially responsible for maintaining and publishing the legally authentic and authoritative copies of acts of Congress, presidential proclamations and executive orders, and federal regulations. The NARA also transmits votes of the Electoral College to Congress.

Q1: NARA is responsible for what collection of archives?
A1: National Archives
Q2: What independent agency preserves the original copy of executive orders?
A2: National Archives and Records Administration
The Archivist of the United States is the chief official overseeing the operation of the National Archives and Records Administration. The Archivist not only maintains the official documentation of the passage of amendments to the U.S. Constitution by state legislatures, but has the authority to declare when the constitutional threshold for passage has been reached, and therefore when an act has become an amendment.

Q1: What is the official that oversees the operation of NARA?
A1: The Archivist
Q2: What member of NARA has the ability to declare when the constitutional threshold of passage has ocurred?
A2: The Archivist
The Office of the Federal Register publishes the Federal Register, Code of Federal Regulations, and United States Statutes at Large, among others. It also administers the Electoral College.

Q1: What office publishes the Federal Register?
A1: The Office of the Federal Register
Q2: What office administers the Electoral College?
A2: The Office of the Federal Register
Q3: Which office publishes the Code of Federal Regulations?
A3: The Office of the Federal Register
Q4: Which office publishes the United States Statutes at Large?
A4: The Office of the Federal Register
The National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)—the agency's grant-making arm—awards funds to state and local governments, public and private archives, colleges and universities, and other nonprofit organizations to preserve and publish historical records. Since 1964, the NHPRC has awarded some 4,500 grants.

Q1: Which arm of NARA handles grants?
A1: The National Historical Publications and Records Commission
Q2: What year was The National Historical Publications and Records Commission established?
A2: 1964
Q3: About how many grants has the NHPRC awarded?
A3: 4,500
The Office of Government Information Services (OGIS) is a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) resource for the public and the government. Congress has charged NARA with reviewing FOIA policies, procedures and compliance of Federal agencies and to recommend changes to FOIA. NARA's mission also includes resolving FOIA disputes between Federal agencies and requesters.

Q1: OGIS provides what resource for the government and public?
A1: FOIA
Q2: What type of dispute does NARA typically resolve?
A2: FOIA disputes
Q3: NARA is ordered by congress to review what type of policies?
A3: FOIA policies
Q4: What types of recommendations does NARA provide to congress?
A4: changes to FOIA
Originally, each branch and agency of the U.S. government was responsible for maintaining its own documents, which often resulted in records loss and destruction. Congress established the National Archives Establishment in 1934 to centralize federal record keeping, with the Archivist of the United States as chief administrator. The National Archives was incorporated with GSA in 1949; in 1985 it became an independent agency as NARA (National Archives and Records Administration).

Q1: What year was the National Archives Establishment established in?
A1: 1934
Q2: In what year did NARA become an independent agency?
A2: 1985
Q3: In what year was The National Archives merged with GSA?
A3: 1949
The first Archivist, R.D.W. Connor, began serving in 1934, when the National Archives was established by Congress. As a result of a first Hoover Commission recommendation, in 1949 the National Archives was placed within the newly formed General Services Administration (GSA). The Archivist served as a subordinate official to the GSA Administrator until the National Archives and Records Administration became an independent agency on April 1, 1985.

Q1: Who was the first Archivist at the National Archives?
A1: R.D.W. Connor
Q2: When did the first Archivist start at the National Archives?
A2: 1934
Q3: What branch of the US government established the National Archives?
A3: Congress
Q4: What commission merged the National Archives with GSA?
A4: Hoover Commission
Q5: The Archivist took on what role after the incorporation of the Nation Archives into GSA?
A5: subordinate official
In March 2006, it was revealed by the Archivist of the United States in a public hearing that a memorandum of understanding between NARA and various government agencies existed to "reclassify", i.e., withdraw from public access, certain documents in the name of national security, and to do so in a manner such that researchers would not be likely to discover the process (the U.S. reclassification program). An audit indicated that more than one third withdrawn since 1999 did not contain sensitive information. The program was originally scheduled to end in 2007.

Q1: When was the reclassification program originally intended to end?
A1: 2007
Q2: How was the reclassification of documents in '06 revealed?
A2: public hearing
In 2010, Executive Order 13526 created the National Declassification Center to coordinate declassification practices across agencies, provide secure document services to other agencies, and review records in NARA custody for declassification.

Q1: What year was Executive Order 13526 created?
A1: 2010
Q2: What Executive order created the National Declassification Center?
A2: Executive Order 13526
Q3: What was the aim of Executive Order 13526?
A3: coordinate declassification practices
NARA's holdings are classed into "record groups" reflecting the governmental department or agency from which they originated. Records include paper documents, microfilm, still pictures, motion pictures, and electronic media.

Q1: What types of groups are NARA's holdings classified into?
A1: record groups
Q2: Each record group is classified based on what?
A2: governmental department or agency
Q3: Besides films and other non-static media, what type of media is classified into a group?
A3: documents
Q4: Besides the general media and motion picture categories, which category contains media that is not static?
A4: microfilm
Archival descriptions of the permanent holdings of the federal government in the custody of NARA are stored in Archival Research Catalog (ARC). The archival descriptions include information on traditional paper holdings, electronic records, and artifacts. As of December 2012, the catalog consisted of about 10 billion logical data records describing 527,000 artifacts and encompassing 81% of NARA's records. There are also 922,000 digital copies of already digitized materials.

Q1: Where are archival descriptions of holdings under the custody of NARA stored?
A1: Archival Research Catalog (ARC)
Q2: As of the end mid December of 2012, how many logical data records are stored at NARA?
A2: 10 billion
Q3: How many digital copies of previously digitized materials were there in December of 2012?
A3: 922,000
Q4: Archival descriptions include traditional paper holdings, electron records, and what?
A4: artifacts
Q5: The 10 billion logical data records are linked to how many artifacts?
A5: 527,000
Most records at NARA are in the public domain, as works of the federal government are excluded from copyright protection. However, records from other sources may still be protected by copyright or donor agreements. Executive Order 13526 directs originating agencies to declassify documents if possible before shipment to NARA for long-term storage, but NARA also stores some classified documents until they can be declassified. Its Information Security Oversight Office monitors and sets policy for the U.S. government's security classification system.

Q1: Most of NARA's holdings are available to sector?
A1: public domain
Q2: Federal government works are excluded from what legal protection?
A2: copyright
Q3: Some records at NARA are legally protected by what?
A3: copyright
Q4: What executive order directs agencies to declassify documents before sending them to NARA?
A4: Executive Order 13526
Q5: What office of NARA oversees the declassification of classified materials?
A5: Information Security Oversight Office
Many of NARA's most requested records are frequently used for genealogy research. This includes census records from 1790 to 1930, ships' passenger lists, and naturalization records.

Q1: Besides census records and passenger lists, what NARA documents are particularly useful to genealogists?
A1: naturalization records
Q2: For what time period does NARA have census records available for?
A2: 1790 to 1930
The National Archives Building, known informally as Archives I, located north of the National Mall on Constitution Avenue in Washington, D.C., opened as its original headquarters in 1935. It holds the original copies of the three main formative documents of the United States and its government: the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. It also hosts a copy of the 1297 Magna Carta confirmed by Edward I. These are displayed to the public in the main chamber of the National Archives, which is called the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom. The National Archives Building also exhibits other important American historical documents such as the Louisiana Purchase Treaty, the Emancipation Proclamation, and collections of photography and other historically and culturally significant American artifacts.

Q1: What is the informal name of The National Archives Building?
A1: Archives I
Q2: On what street is the The National Archives Building located?
A2: Constitution Avenue
Q3: Where is the Declaration of Independence kept?
A3: The National Archives Building
Q4: Where in the National Archives can you view a copy of the Magna Carta?
A4: main chamber
Q5: Where is the Louisiana Purchase Treaty kept?
A5: The National Archives Building
Once inside the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom, there are no lines to see the individual documents and visitors are allowed to walk from document to document as they wish. For over 30 years the National Archives have forbidden flash photography but the advent of cameras with automatic flashes have made the rules increasingly difficult to enforce. As a result, all filming, photographing, and videotaping by the public in the exhibition areas has been prohibited since February 25, 2010.

Q1: Since when has all filming and photography in the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom been banned?
A1: February 25, 2010
Q2: For how long has the National Archives prohibited flash photography?
A2: over 30 years
Q3: What is an aspect of a visit to the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom?
A3: no lines
Q4: What has made the no photography rule hard to enforce in the Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom?
A4: advent of cameras with automatic flashes
Because of space constraints, NARA opened a second facility, known informally as Archives II, in 1994 near the University of Maryland, College Park campus (8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD, 20740-6001). Largely because of this proximity, NARA and the University of Maryland engage in cooperative initiatives. The College Park campus includes an archaeological site that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

Q1: What is the second facility of NARA named?
A1: Archives II
Q2: When was Archives II opened?
A2: 1994
Q3: What college is Archives II closest to?
A3: University of Maryland
Q4: What college does NARA have cooperatives initiatives with?
A4: University of Maryland
Q5: What campus of University of Maryland is listed on the National Register of Historic Places?
A5: College Park campus