romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
In the 2001 census Southampton and Portsmouth were recorded as being parts of separate urban areas, however by the time of the 2011 census they had merged to become the sixth largest built-up area in England with a population of 855,569. This built-up area is part of the metropolitan area known as South Hampshire, which is also known as Solent City, particularly in the media when discussing local governance organisational changes. With a population of over 1.5 million this makes the region one of the United Kingdom's most populous metropolitan areas.

Q1: What other city merged with Southampton after the 2001 census?
A1: Portsmouth
Q2: What's the other name for South Hampshire?
A2: Solent City
Q3: In the 2011 census, what was the population of Southampton after it merged with Portsmouth?
A3: 855,569
Q4: What metropolitan area is Portsmouth a part of?
A4: South Hampshire
Q5: What is the estimated minimum population of South Hampshire?
A5: 1.5 million
Archaeological finds suggest that the area has been inhabited since the stone age. Following the Roman invasion of Britain in AD 43 and the conquering of the local Britons in 70 AD the fortress settlement of Clausentum was established. It was an important trading port and defensive outpost of Winchester, at the site of modern Bitterne Manor. Clausentum was defended by a wall and two ditches and is thought to have contained a bath house. Clausentum was not abandoned until around 410.

Q1: What year did the Romans invade Britain?
A1: AD 43
Q2: What ancient settlement was established after Rome invaded and the Britons were conquered?
A2: Clausentum
Q3: According to evidence found, in what archaeological age were there first inhabitants in the area of Southampton?
A3: stone age
Q4: What is the site of Clausentum called now?
A4: Bitterne Manor
Q5: In addition to two ditches, what was Clausentum's defense from invaders?
A5: a wall
The Anglo-Saxons formed a new, larger, settlement across the Itchen centred on what is now the St Mary's area of the city. The settlement was known as Hamwic, which evolved into Hamtun and then Hampton. Archaeological excavations of this site have uncovered one of the best collections of Saxon artefacts in Europe. It is from this town that the county of Hampshire gets its name.

Q1: What people established a settlement in what is now the St. Mary's area of Southampton?
A1: Anglo-Saxons
Q2: What name did the Anglo-Saxons give their settlement first?
A2: Hamwic
Q3: What name did Hamwic have in the interim as it was evolving into Hampton?
A3: Hamtun
Q4: What county in England was named after Hampton?
A4: Hampshire
Q5: What river separated Hamwic from the home of previous settlers?
A5: Itchen
Viking raids from 840 onwards contributed to the decline of Hamwic in the 9th century, and by the 10th century a fortified settlement, which became medieval Southampton, had been established.

Q1: What kind of raids disturbed Hamwic in the 9th century?
A1: Viking
Q2: What year did the Vikings start attacking Hamwic?
A2: 840
Q3: In what century was a new settlement set up at the site of Hamwic?
A3: 10th
Q4: What was the name of the 10th-century fortified settlement that took Hamwic's place?
A4: Southampton
Following the Norman Conquest in 1066, Southampton became the major port of transit between the then capital of England, Winchester, and Normandy. Southampton Castle was built in the 12th century and by the 13th century Southampton had become a leading port, particularly involved in the import of French wine in exchange for English cloth and wool.

Q1: In what year did the Norman Conquest take place?
A1: 1066
Q2: What was the capital of England during the time of the Norman Conquest?
A2: Winchester
Q3: Southampton was important to transit between Winchester and what other region in England in the 11th century?
A3: Normandy
Q4: In what century was Southampton Castle built?
A4: 12th
Q5: During the 13th century, what did Southampton get in trade for English cloth and wool?
A5: French wine
Surviving remains of 12th century merchants' houses such as King John's House and Canute's Palace are evidence of the wealth that existed in the town at this time. In 1348, the Black Death reached England via merchant vessels calling at Southampton.

Q1: Ruins of merchants' homes that survive today are evidence that Southampton had rich people in what century?
A1: 12th
Q2: What plague made it to England because of all the ships visiting Southampton in the 14th century?
A2: Black Death
Q3: What year did the Black Death arrive in England for the first time?
A3: 1348
Q4: In addition to King John's House, what's the name of another rich merchant's dwelling that still partly remains?
A4: Canute's Palace
The town was sacked in 1338 by French, Genoese and Monegasque ships (under Charles Grimaldi, who used the plunder to help found the principality of Monaco). On visiting Southampton in 1339, Edward III ordered that walls be built to 'close the town'. The extensive rebuilding—part of the walls dates from 1175—culminated in the completion of the western walls in 1380. Roughly half of the walls, 13 of the original towers, and six gates survive.

Q1: Who led the invasion of Southampton in the 14th century by the French and others?
A1: Charles Grimaldi
Q2: What principality did Grimaldi set up with the profits from plundering Southampton?
A2: Monaco
Q3: What year did Edward III show up in Southampton and tell them to build walls?
A3: 1339
Q4: How many of the original towers from Southampton's walls are still standing?
A4: 13
Q5: The oldest section of the original wall around the town dates from what year?
A5: 1175
The city walls include God's House Tower, built in 1417, the first purpose-built artillery fortification in England. Over the years it has been used as home to the city's gunner, the Town Gaol and even as storage for the Southampton Harbour Board. Until September 2011, it housed the Museum of Archaeology. The walls were completed in the 15th century, but later development of several new fortifications along Southampton Water and the Solent by Henry VIII meant that Southampton was no longer dependent upon its fortifications.

Q1: What's the name of the wall tower that was the first of its kind in England built for artillery purposes?
A1: God's House Tower
Q2: In what year was the God's House Tower built?
A2: 1417
Q3: What museum was located in God's House Tower until 2011?
A3: Museum of Archaeology
Q4: Which king of England directed new fortifications that helped Southampton rely less on its wall?
A4: Henry VIII
Q5: In what century did Southampton complete construction of the wall around the city?
A5: 15th
On the other hand, many of the medieval buildings once situated within the town walls are now in ruins or have disappeared altogether. From successive incarnations of the motte and bailey castle, only a section of the bailey wall remains today, lying just off Castle Way. The last remains of the Franciscan friary in Southampton, founded circa 1233 and dissolved in 1538, were swept away in the 1940s. The site is now occupied by Friary House.

Q1: The only remaining piece of the motte and bailey castle can be seen near what modern Southampton street?
A1: Castle Way
Q2: About what year was the Franciscan friary established in Southampton?
A2: 1233
Q3: What year did Southampton's Franciscan friary shut down?
A3: 1538
Q4: In what decade were the leftovers of the Southampton friary destroyed?
A4: 1940s
Q5: What landmark now sits on the site of the Franciscan friary in Southampton?
A5: Friary House
Elsewhere, remnants of the medieval water supply system devised by the friars can still be seen today. Constructed in 1290, the system carried water from Conduit Head (remnants of which survive near Hill Lane, Shirley) some 1.7 kilometres to the site of the friary inside the town walls. The friars granted use of the water to the town in 1310 and passed on ownership of the water supply system itself in 1420. Further remains can be observed at Conduit House on Commercial Road.

Q1: In what year was the friars' water supply system built in Southampton?
A1: 1290
Q2: Where was the water brought from by the friars' supply system?
A2: Conduit Head
Q3: What year did the friars start letting the rest of Southampton use the water from their system?
A3: 1310
Q4: When was ownership of the medieval water supply system given to the town of Southampton?
A4: 1420
Q5: What's the name of the landmark on Commercial Road where remains of the friars' water system can be seen?
A5: Conduit House
In 1642, during the English Civil War, a Parliamentary garrison moved into Southampton. The Royalists advanced as far as Redbridge, Southampton, in March 1644 but were prevented from taking the town.

Q1: What war was taking place in the 1640s in England?
A1: English Civil War
Q2: What year did a Parliamentary garrison enter Southampton?
A2: 1642
Q3: What is the furthest town the Royalists reached during their advance into Southampton in 1644?
A3: Redbridge
Q4: In what month of 1644 did the Royalists fail to take Redbridge?
A4: March
During the Middle Ages, shipbuilding became an important industry for the town. Henry V's famous warship HMS Grace Dieu was built in Southampton. Walter Taylor's 18th century mechanisation of the block-making process was a significant step in the Industrial Revolution. From 1904 to 2004, the Thornycroft shipbuilding yard was a major employer in Southampton, building and repairing ships used in the two World Wars.

Q1: What skilled trade was a central industry for Southampton in the Middle Ages?
A1: shipbuilding
Q2: What's the name of the famed warship built in Southampton for Henry V?
A2: HMS Grace Dieu
Q3: What was the name of the man who overhauled block-making to mechanize the process?
A3: Walter Taylor
Q4: Between 1904 and 2004, what shipbuilding company employed a large portion of Southampton?
A4: Thornycroft
Q5: In what historical period did Walter Taylor's improvements on block-making play an important role?
A5: Industrial Revolution
Prior to King Henry's departure for the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the ringleaders of the "Southampton Plot"—Richard, Earl of Cambridge, Henry Scrope, 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham, and Sir Thomas Grey of Heton—were accused of high treason and tried at what is now the Red Lion public house in the High Street. They were found guilty and summarily executed outside the Bargate.

Q1: What battle did King Henry leave for in 1415?
A1: Battle of Agincourt
Q2: What group did the men accused of high treason, including Henry Scrope and Sir Thomas Grey, lead?
A2: Southampton Plot
Q3: What is the public house where the men from Southampton Plot were tried called now?
A3: Red Lion
Q4: What was the Earl of Cambridge's first name?
A4: Richard
Q5: Outside of what structure did the execution of the Southampton Plot leaders take place?
A5: the Bargate
Southampton has been used for military embarkation, including during 18th-century wars with the French, the Crimean war, and the Boer War. Southampton was designated No. 1 Military Embarkation port during the Great War and became a major centre for treating the returning wounded and POWs. It was also central to the preparations for the Invasion of Europe in 1944.

Q1: What did the military use Southampton for during wars in the 18th century?
A1: embarkation
Q2: In addition to wars with the French and the Boer War, in which notable war in the 18th century did Southampton play a role?
A2: the Crimean war
Q3: What war won Southampton the title of No. 1 Military Embarkation port?
A3: the Great War
Q4: What group of people in addition to wounded soldiers from the Great War often were brought to Southampton for treatment?
A4: POWs
Q5: In what year did Southampton lead preparations for the Invasion of Europe?
A5: 1944
Southampton became a spa town in 1740. It had also become a popular site for sea bathing by the 1760s, despite the lack of a good quality beach. Innovative buildings specifically for this purpose were built at West Quay, with baths that were filled and emptied by the flow of the tide.

Q1: When did Southampton turn into a spa town?
A1: 1740
Q2: Despite not having a good beach, what decade saw  Southampton become popular for sea bathing?
A2: 1760s
Q3: Where in Southampton were special baths filled by seawater constructed?
A3: West Quay
Q4: What change in flow of the sea controlled the innovative baths at West Quay?
A4: the tide
The town experienced major expansion during the Victorian era. The Southampton Docks company had been formed in 1835. In October 1838 the foundation stone of the docks was laid and the first dock opened in 1842. The structural and economic development of docks continued for the next few decades. The railway link to London was fully opened in May 1840. Southampton subsequently became known as The Gateway to the Empire.

Q1: In what historical period did Southampton expand greatly?
A1: Victorian era
Q2: What year was the Southampton Docks company created?
A2: 1835
Q3: In what month of 1838 was stone laid for the foundation of the Southampton docks?
A3: October
Q4: What year did the railroad to London from Southampton open fully?
A4: 1840
Q5: What name did Southampton earn for its importance in creating a link to London?
A5: The Gateway to the Empire
In his 1854 book "The Cruise of the Steam Yacht North Star" John Choules described Southampton thus: "I hardly know a town that can show a more beautiful Main Street than Southampton, except it be Oxford. The High Street opens from the quay, and under various names it winds in a gently sweeping line for one mile and a half, and is of very handsome width. The variety of style and color of material in the buildings affords an exhibition of outline, light and color, that I think is seldom equalled. The shops are very elegant, and the streets are kept exceedingly clean."

Q1: Who wrote "The Cruise of the Steam Yacht North Star"?
A1: John Choules
Q2: What town did Choules say had the only Main Street more beautiful than Southampton's?
A2: Oxford
Q3: How long was Southampton's High Street as described by Choules?
A3: one mile and a half
Q4: What adjective did Choules use to describe the shops of Southampton's High Street?
A4: elegant
Q5: Choules complimented the streets of Southampton for being kept in what condition?
A5: clean
The port was the point of departure for the Pilgrim Fathers aboard Mayflower in 1620. In 1912, the RMS Titanic sailed from Southampton. Four in five of the crew on board the vessel were Sotonians, with about a third of those who perished in the tragedy hailing from the city. Southampton was subsequently the home port for the transatlantic passenger services operated by Cunard with their Blue Riband liner RMS Queen Mary and her running mate RMS Queen Elizabeth. In 1938, Southampton docks also became home to the flying boats of Imperial Airways. Southampton Container Terminals first opened in 1968 and has continued to expand.

Q1: What famous ship left Southampton's port carrying the Pilgrim Fathers?
A1: Mayflower
Q2: What year did the Mayflower set sail from Southampton?
A2: 1620
Q3: How many crew members out of every five on the RMS Titanic were Sotonians?
A3: Four
Q4: What company operated passenger ships across the Atlantic, including the RMS Queen Elizabeth?
A4: Cunard
Q5: In what year did Southampton Container Terminals open?
A5: 1968
The Supermarine Spitfire was designed and developed in Southampton, evolving from the Schneider trophy-winning seaplanes of the 1920s and 1930s. Its designer, R J Mitchell, lived in the Portswood area of Southampton, and his house is today marked with a blue plaque. Heavy bombing of the factory in September 1940 destroyed it as well as homes in the vicinity, killing civilians and workers. World War II hit Southampton particularly hard because of its strategic importance as a major commercial port and industrial area. Prior to the Invasion of Europe, components for a Mulberry harbour were built here. After D-Day, Southampton docks handled military cargo to help keep the Allied forces supplied, making it a key target of Luftwaffe bombing raids until late 1944. Southampton docks was featured in the television show 24: Live Another Day in Day 9: 9:00 p.m. – 10:00 p.m.

Q1: Who designed the Supermarine Spitfire?
A1: R J Mitchell
Q2: What area of Southampton did Mitchell hail from?
A2: Portswood
Q3: What color is the plaque that marks the Spitfire designer's house?
A3: blue
Q4: In what month of 1940 did bombs destroy the factory that made Mitchell's seaplanes?
A4: September
Q5: Which forces did Southampton supply after D-Day that made it a target for many Luftwaffe air raids?
A5: Allied forces
630 people lost their lives as a result of the air raids on Southampton and nearly 2,000 more were injured, not to mention the thousands of buildings damaged or destroyed.

Q1: How many people died because of the bombs dropped on Southampton?
A1: 630
Q2: In addition to casualties, about how many people were wounded by air raids on Southampton?
A2: 2,000
Q3: Was it hundreds or thousands of buildings in Southampton that sustained damage from air raids?
A3: thousands
Pockets of Georgian architecture survived the war, but much of the city was levelled. There has been extensive redevelopment since World War II. Increasing traffic congestion in the 1920s led to partial demolition of medieval walls around the Bargate in 1932 and 1938. However a large portion of those walls remain.

Q1: What style of architecture partially survived the war?
A1: Georgian
Q2: Southampton has been redeveloped almost entirely in the years since which war?
A2: World War II
Q3: In which decade did there start to be a lot of traffic in Southampton?
A3: 1920s
Q4: Some of the walls around which landmark were demolished in the 1930s?
A4: the Bargate
A Royal Charter in 1952 upgraded University College at Highfield to the University of Southampton. Southampton acquired city status, becoming the City of Southampton in 1964.

Q1: What document declared the upgrade of University College at Highfield?
A1: Royal Charter
Q2: What is the new name of University College at Highfield?
A2: University of Southampton
Q3: When did Southampton officially become a city?
A3: 1964
Q4: In what year did the Royal Charter give the University of Southampton its name?
A4: 1952
After the establishment of Hampshire County Council, following the act in 1888, Southampton became a county borough within the county of Hampshire, which meant that it had many features of a county, but governance was now shared between the Corporation in Southampton and the new county council. There is a great source of confusion in the fact that the ancient shire county, along with its associated assizes, was known as the County of Southampton or Southamptonshire. This was officially changed to Hampshire in 1959 although the county had been commonly known as Hampshire or Hantscire for centuries. Southampton became a non-metropolitan district in 1974.

Q1: In what year did an act establish the Hampshire County Council?
A1: 1888
Q2: What organization did the new county council share governance of Southampton with?
A2: the Corporation in Southampton
Q3: What year was the county of Hampshire officially named?
A3: 1959
Q4: Even before it was official, Hampshire was often called Hampshire or what ancient variation of the name?
A4: Hantscire
Q5: What designation was Southampton given in 1974?
A5: non-metropolitan district
Southampton as a Port and city has had a long history of administrative independence of the surrounding County; as far back as the reign of King John the town and its port were removed from the writ of the King's Sheriff in Hampshire and the rights of custom and toll were granted by the King to the burgesses of Southampton over the port of Southampton and the Port of Portsmouth; this tax farm was granted for an annual fee of £200 in the charter dated at Orival on 29 June 1199. The definition of the port of Southampton was apparently broader than today and embraced all of the area between Lymington and Langstone. The corporation had resident representatives in Newport, Lymington and Portsmouth. By a charter of Henry VI, granted on 9 March 1446/7 (25+26 Hen. VI, m. 32), the mayor, bailiffs and burgesses of the towns and ports of Southampton and Portsmouth became a County incorporate and separate from Hampshire.

Q1: Southampton's history of administrative independence dates back to the reign of which king?
A1: King John
Q2: What was the annual fee paid by the burgesses of Southampton for the rights of custom and toll laid out in the charter of 1199?
A2: £200
Q3: In the 1100s, the port of Southampton included everything between Lymington and what area?
A3: Langstone
Q4: Under what king was a charter granted in 1446/7 that separated Southampton and Portsmouth from Hampshire?
A4: Henry VI
Q5: What date was the charter regarding Southampton's tax farm signed at Orival?
A5: 29 June 1199
The status of the town was changed by a later charter of Charles I by at once the formal separation from Portsmouth and the recognition of Southampton as a county, In the charter dated 27 June 1640 the formal title of the town became 'The Town and County of the Town of Southampton'. These charters and Royal Grants, of which there were many, also set out the governance and regulation of the town and port which remained the 'constitution' of the town until the local government organisation of the later Victorian period which from about 1888 saw the setting up of County Councils across England and Wales and including Hampshire County Council who now took on some of the function of Government in Southampton Town. In this regime, The Town and County of the Town of Southampton also became a county borough with shared responsibility for aspects of local government. On 24 February 1964 the status changed again by a Charter of Elizabeth II, creating the City and County of the City of Southampton.

Q1: What king's charter recognized Southampton as its own county?
A1: Charles I
Q2: What year did Southampton receive the charter naming it 'The Town and County of the Town of Southampton'?
A2: 1640
Q3: What era in history saw local government begin setting up County Councils in the area?
A3: Victorian period
Q4: After 1888, which Council took over some governance of Southampton Town?
A4: Hampshire County Council
Q5: What was the year that Queen Elizabeth II's charter created the City and County of the City of Southampton?
A5: 1964
The city has undergone many changes to its governance over the centuries and once again became administratively independent from Hampshire County as it was made into a unitary authority in a local government reorganisation on 1 April 1997, a result of the 1992 Local Government Act. The district remains part of the Hampshire ceremonial county.

Q1: What county did the city of Southampton become administratively independent of in April of 1997?
A1: Hampshire County
Q2: What official designation did Southampton receive in the April 1997 local government reorganization?
A2: unitary authority
Q3: What act was responsible for the reorganization of local government on April 1, 1997?
A3: 1992 Local Government Act
Q4: What ceremonial county does Southampton still belong to?
A4: Hampshire
Southampton City Council consists of 48 councillors, 3 for each of the 16 wards. Council elections are held in early May for one third of the seats (one councillor for each ward), elected for a four-year term, so there are elections three years out of four. Since the 2015 council elections, the composition of the council is:

Q1: How many concillors sit on Southampton's City Council?
A1: 48
Q2: How man wards are there in Southampton?
A2: 16
Q3: How many councillors are assigned to each ward in Southampton?
A3: 3
Q4: In what month are council elections held?
A4: May
Q5: In how many years of every four is a council election held in Southampton?
A5: three