romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association, a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians. What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, and later part of the Southwest Territory. Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1, 1796. Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the U.S. Civil War in 1861. Occupied by Union forces from 1862, it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war.

Q1: What government formed in 1772 is considered the forerunner of Tennessee?
A1: Watauga Association
Q2: What state held territory that would later become part of Tennessee?
A2: North Carolina
Q3: What date did Tennessee become one of the United States of America?
A3: June 1, 1796
Q4: Which was the final state to join the Confederacy before Civil War fighting started?
A4: Tennessee
Q5: Which of the Confederate states rejoined the Union first when the Civil War concluded?
A5: Tennessee
Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state, and more soldiers for the Union Army than any other Southern state. Beginning during Reconstruction, it had competitive party politics, but a Democratic takeover in the late 1880s resulted in passage of disfranchisement laws that excluded most blacks and many poor whites from voting. This sharply reduced competition in politics in the state until after passage of civil rights legislation in the mid-20th century. In the 20th century, Tennessee transitioned from an agrarian economy to a more diversified economy, aided by massive federal investment in the Tennessee Valley Authority and, in the early 1940s, the city of Oak Ridge. This city was established to house the Manhattan Project's uranium enrichment facilities, helping to build the world's first atomic bomb, which was used during World War II.

Q1: Which part dominated Tennessee's politics in the late 1880s?
A1: Democratic
Q2: Which Tennessee city was received significant federal investment in the 1940s?
A2: Oak Ridge
Q3: What part of the Manhattan Project did Tennessee host?
A3: uranium enrichment facilities
Q4: What made Tennessee politics more competitive again in the middle of the 20th century?
A4: civil rights legislation
Tennessee has played a critical role in the development of many forms of American popular music, including rock and roll, blues, country, and rockabilly.[not verified in body] Beale Street in Memphis is considered by many to be the birthplace of the blues, with musicians such as W.C. Handy performing in its clubs as early as 1909.[not verified in body] Memphis is also home to Sun Records, where musicians such as Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Carl Perkins, Jerry Lee Lewis, Roy Orbison, and Charlie Rich began their recording careers, and where rock and roll took shape in the 1950s.[not verified in body] The 1927 Victor recording sessions in Bristol generally mark the beginning of the country music genre and the rise of the Grand Ole Opry in the 1930s helped make Nashville the center of the country music recording industry.[not verified in body] Three brick-and-mortar museums recognize Tennessee's role in nurturing various forms of popular music: the Memphis Rock N' Soul Museum, the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, and the International Rock-A-Billy Museum in Jackson. Moreover, the Rockabilly Hall of Fame, an online site recognizing the development of rockabilly in which Tennessee played a crucial role, is based in Nashville.[not verified in body]

Q1: What locale in Memphis is know as the place where blues was born?
A1: Beale Street
Q2: What Tennessee recording company first promoted Elvis Presley?
A2: Sun Records
Q3: Which Tennessee city is home to the Country Music Hall of Fame?
A3: Nashville
Q4: Which museum celebrating popular music is located in Jackson, Tennessee?
A4: International Rock-A-Billy Museum
Q5: In which year is W.C. Handy first known to have been playing in Tennessee clubs?
A5: 1909
Tennessee's major industries include agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. Poultry, soybeans, and cattle are the state's primary agricultural products, and major manufacturing exports include chemicals, transportation equipment, and electrical equipment. The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the nation's most visited national park, is headquartered in the eastern part of the state, and a section of the Appalachian Trail roughly follows the Tennessee-North Carolina border. Other major tourist attractions include the Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga; Dollywood in Pigeon Forge; the Parthenon, the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, and Ryman Auditorium in Nashville; the Jack Daniel's Distillery in Lynchburg; and Elvis Presley's Graceland residence and tomb, the Memphis Zoo, and the National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis.

Q1: What is Tennessee's primary non-meat agricultural product?
A1: soybeans
Q2: What trail forms part of the border Tennessee shares with North Carolina?
A2: Appalachian Trail
Q3: Which national park in Tennessee sees more visitors that any other in the United States?
A3: Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Q4: Which Tennessee city hosts the state's most famous aquarium?
A4: Chattanooga
Q5: What tourist attraction is located in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee?
A5: Dollywood
The earliest variant of the name that became Tennessee was recorded by Captain Juan Pardo, the Spanish explorer, when he and his men passed through an American Indian village named "Tanasqui" in 1567 while traveling inland from South Carolina. In the early 18th century, British traders encountered a Cherokee town named Tanasi (or "Tanase") in present-day Monroe County, Tennessee. The town was located on a river of the same name (now known as the Little Tennessee River), and appears on maps as early as 1725. It is not known whether this was the same town as the one encountered by Juan Pardo, although recent research suggests that Pardo's "Tanasqui" was located at the confluence of the Pigeon River and the French Broad River, near modern Newport.

Q1: Who first recorded a territorial name in the region that resembles its current name Tennessee?
A1: Captain Juan Pardo
Q2: Which Native Americans had a town called Tanasi in present day Monroe County, Tennessee?
A2: Cherokee
Q3: Tanasi is know to have been located and mapped by British traders by which year?
A3: 1725
Q4: What nationality was Juan Pardo?
A4: Spanish
The modern spelling, Tennessee, is attributed to James Glen, the governor of South Carolina, who used this spelling in his official correspondence during the 1750s. The spelling was popularized by the publication of Henry Timberlake's "Draught of the Cherokee Country" in 1765. In 1788, North Carolina created "Tennessee County", the third county to be established in what is now Middle Tennessee. (Tennessee County was the predecessor to current-day Montgomery County and Robertson County.) When a constitutional convention met in 1796 to organize a new state out of the Southwest Territory, it adopted "Tennessee" as the name of the state.

Q1: Which governor is given credit for the name Tennessee as it is now spelled?
A1: James Glen
Q2: Which work by Henry Timberlake made the current spelling of Tennessee widely popular?
A2: Draught of the Cherokee Country
Q3: Which state created a county called Tennessee in 1788?
A3: North Carolina
Q4: Which two Tennessee counties cover the area that comprised North Carolina's Tennessee County?
A4: Montgomery County and Robertson County
Q5: In which year did a constitutional convention meet to form a new state out of the unincorporated territory that would become Tennessee?
A5: 1796
Tennessee is known as the "Volunteer State", a nickname some claimed was earned during the War of 1812 because of the prominent role played by volunteer soldiers from Tennessee, especially during the Battle of New Orleans. Other sources differ on the origin of the state nickname; according to the Columbia Encyclopedia, the name refers to volunteers for the Mexican–American War. This explanation is more likely, because President Polk's call for 2,600 nationwide volunteers at the beginning of the Mexican-American War resulted in 30,000 volunteers from Tennessee alone, largely in response to the death of Davy Crockett and appeals by former Tennessee Governor and now Texas politician, Sam Houston.

Q1: By what nickname is Tennessee officially known?
A1: Volunteer State
Q2: Which major conflict that included the Battle of New Orleans is said to have given Tennessee its nickname?
A2: War of 1812
Q3: How many volunteers did Tennessee send to the Mexican-American War?
A3: 30,000
Q4: What conflict overseen by President Polk might be the source of Tennessee's nickname?
A4: Mexican–American War
Q5: Which local icon's death inspired many of the Tennessee volunteers during the Mexican-American War?
A5: Davy Crockett
The highest point in the state is Clingmans Dome at 6,643 feet (2,025 m). Clingmans Dome, which lies on Tennessee's eastern border, is the highest point on the Appalachian Trail, and is the third highest peak in the United States east of the Mississippi River. The state line between Tennessee and North Carolina crosses the summit. The state's lowest point is the Mississippi River at the Mississippi state line (the lowest point in Memphis, nearby, is at 195 ft (59 m)). The geographical center of the state is located in Murfreesboro.

Q1: What is the elevation of Tennessee's highest point?
A1: 6,643 feet
Q2: What mountain in Tennessee is the Appalachian Trail's highest point?
A2: Clingmans Dome
Q3: What river is situated on Tennessee point of lowest elevation?
A3: Mississippi River
Q4: Which city marks the geographical center of Tennessee?
A4: Murfreesboro
Stretching west from the Blue Ridge for approximately 55 miles (89 km) is the Ridge and Valley region, in which numerous tributaries join to form the Tennessee River in the Tennessee Valley. This area of Tennessee is covered by fertile valleys separated by wooded ridges, such as Bays Mountain and Clinch Mountain. The western section of the Tennessee Valley, where the depressions become broader and the ridges become lower, is called the Great Valley. In this valley are numerous towns and two of the region's three urban areas, Knoxville, the 3rd largest city in the state, and Chattanooga, the 4th largest city in the state. The third urban area, the Tri-Cities, comprising Bristol, Johnson City, and Kingsport and their environs, is located to the northeast of Knoxville.

Q1: Approximately how many miles long is Tennessee's Ridge and Valley region?
A1: 55
Q2: What is the western part of the Tennessee Valley called?
A2: the Great Valley
Q3: Which city is Tennessee's fourth largest?
A3: Chattanooga
Q4: Together, Bristol, Johnson City, and Kingsport are known by what name?
A4: the Tri-Cities
Q5: What river forms in the Tennessee Valley?
A5: Tennessee River
East Tennessee has several important transportation links with Middle and West Tennessee, as well as the rest of the nation and the world, including several major airports and interstates. Knoxville's McGhee Tyson Airport (TYS) and Chattanooga's Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport (CHA), as well as the Tri-Cities' Tri-Cities Regional Airport (TRI), provide air service to numerous destinations. I-24, I-81, I-40, I-75, and I-26 along with numerous state highways and other important roads, traverse the Grand Division and connect Chattanooga, Knoxville, and the Tri-Cities, along with other cities and towns such as Cleveland, Athens, and Sevierville.

Q1: Which Tennessee airport has the code TYS?
A1: McGhee Tyson Airport
Q2: What is the name of the airport serving Chattanooga, TN?
A2: Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport
Q3: What interstate highways cross the Grand Division in Tennessee?
A3: I-24, I-81, I-40, I-75, and I-26
Q4: An airport with which code serves the Tri-Cities area in Tennessee?
A4: TRI
The easternmost section, about 10 miles (16 km) in width, consists of hilly land that runs along the western bank of the Tennessee River. To the west of this narrow strip of land is a wide area of rolling hills and streams that stretches all the way to the Mississippi River; this area is called the Tennessee Bottoms or bottom land. In Memphis, the Tennessee Bottoms end in steep bluffs overlooking the river. To the west of the Tennessee Bottoms is the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, less than 300 feet (90 m) above sea level. This area of lowlands, flood plains, and swamp land is sometimes referred to as the Delta region. Memphis is the economic center of West Tennessee and the largest city in the state.

Q1: What is the lowland area of Tennessee between the Tennessee River and Mississippi River called?
A1: Tennessee Bottoms
Q2: What geographical region lies west of the Tennessee bottom land?
A2: Mississippi Alluvial Plain
Q3: What maximum elevation is the land in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain?
A3: 300 feet (90 m) above sea level
Q4: What city is central to the economy of West Tennessee?
A4: Memphis
Most of the state has a humid subtropical climate, with the exception of some of the higher elevations in the Appalachians, which are classified as having a mountain temperate climate or a humid continental climate due to cooler temperatures. The Gulf of Mexico is the dominant factor in the climate of Tennessee, with winds from the south being responsible for most of the state's annual precipitation. Generally, the state has hot summers and mild to cool winters with generous precipitation throughout the year, with highest average monthly precipitation generally in the winter and spring months, between December and April. The driest months, on average, are August to October. On average the state receives 50 inches (130 cm) of precipitation annually. Snowfall ranges from 5 inches (13 cm) in West Tennessee to over 16 inches (41 cm) in the higher mountains in East Tennessee.

Q1: What is the most common climate across Tennessee?
A1: humid subtropical
Q2: Most of Tennessee has which type of climate?
A2: humid subtropical
Q3: Which mountains contain those parts of Tennessee with a temperate climate?
A3: Appalachians
Q4: Which body of ocean water affects Tennessee's climate the most?
A4: Gulf of Mexico
Q5: What is Tennessee's average annual precipitation in inches?
A5: 50
Q6: Which range of months is Tennessee's wettest?
A6: between December and April
Summers in the state are generally hot and humid, with most of the state averaging a high of around 90 °F (32 °C) during the summer months. Winters tend to be mild to cool, increasing in coolness at higher elevations. Generally, for areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are near freezing for most of the state. The highest recorded temperature is 113 °F (45 °C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930 while the lowest recorded temperature is −32 °F (−36 °C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917.

Q1: What is Tennessee's average high temperature in degree Celsius during the summer?
A1: 32
Q2: What is the highest temperature ever recorded in Tennessee?
A2: 113 °F (45 °C)
Q3: Where was the highest known temperature in Tennessee recorded?
A3: Perryville
Q4: What Fahrenheit temperature is the lowest ever recorded in Tennessee?
A4: −32 °F
Q5: Where in Tennessee did the temperature reach -36 degrees Celsius in December of 1917?
A5: Mountain City
While the state is far enough from the coast to avoid any direct impact from a hurricane, the location of the state makes it likely to be impacted from the remnants of tropical cyclones which weaken over land and can cause significant rainfall, such as Tropical Storm Chris in 1982 and Hurricane Opal in 1995. The state averages around 50 days of thunderstorms per year, some of which can be severe with large hail and damaging winds. Tornadoes are possible throughout the state, with West and Middle Tennessee the most vulnerable. Occasionally, strong or violent tornadoes occur, such as the devastating April 2011 tornadoes that killed 20 people in North Georgia and Southeast Tennessee. On average, the state has 15 tornadoes per year. Tornadoes in Tennessee can be severe, and Tennessee leads the nation in the percentage of total tornadoes which have fatalities. Winter storms are an occasional problem, such as the infamous Blizzard of 1993, although ice storms are a more likely occurrence. Fog is a persistent problem in parts of the state, especially in East Tennessee.

Q1: Which hurricane brought damaging rains to Tennessee in 1995?
A1: Hurricane Opal
Q2: On average, how many days each year are there thunderstorms in Tennessee?
A2: 50
Q3: Which parts of Tennessee are most threatened by tornadoes?
A3: West and Middle Tennessee
Q4: How many tornadoes strike in Tennessee in an average year?
A4: 15
Q5: What year in the 1990s did an unusual blizzard visit Tennessee?
A5: 1993
The capital is Nashville, though Knoxville, Kingston, and Murfreesboro have all served as state capitals in the past. Memphis has the largest population of any city in the state. Nashville's 13-county metropolitan area has been the state's largest since c. 1990. Chattanooga and Knoxville, both in the eastern part of the state near the Great Smoky Mountains, each has approximately one-third of the population of Memphis or Nashville. The city of Clarksville is a fifth significant population center, some 45 miles (72 km) northwest of Nashville. Murfreesboro is the sixth-largest city in Tennessee, consisting of some 108,755 residents.

Q1: Which cities other than Knoxville have been the capital of Tennessee?
A1: Knoxville, Kingston, and Murfreesboro
Q2: How many counties are part of Nashville's metropolitan area?
A2: 13
Q3: What distance in miles is Clarksville, TN from Nashville?
A3: 45
Q4: Which city is Tennessee's sixth largest by population?
A4: Murfreesboro
Q5: Which two of the six most populous Tennessee cities are nearest the Great Smoky Mountains?
A5: Chattanooga and Knoxville
The area now known as Tennessee was first inhabited by Paleo-Indians nearly 12,000 years ago. The names of the cultural groups that inhabited the area between first settlement and the time of European contact are unknown, but several distinct cultural phases have been named by archaeologists, including Archaic (8000–1000 BC), Woodland (1000 BC–1000 AD), and Mississippian (1000–1600 AD), whose chiefdoms were the cultural predecessors of the Muscogee people who inhabited the Tennessee River Valley before Cherokee migration into the river's headwaters.

Q1: How many years ago was Tennessee first inhabited by humans?
A1: 12,000
Q2: What time period corresponds with the Mississippian cultural phase in early Tennessee history?
A2: 1000–1600 AD
Q3: Which Native American people are the first group to inhabit Tennessee that we know by name?
A3: Muscogee
Q4: What do archaeologists call the cultural phase of the inhabitants of Tennessee between 1000 BC and 1000 AD?
A4: Woodland
The first recorded European excursions into what is now called Tennessee were three expeditions led by Spanish explorers, namely Hernando de Soto in 1540, Tristan de Luna in 1559, and Juan Pardo in 1567. Pardo recorded the name "Tanasqui" from a local Indian village, which evolved to the state's current name. At that time, Tennessee was inhabited by tribes of Muscogee and Yuchi people. Possibly because of European diseases devastating the Indian tribes, which would have left a population vacuum, and also from expanding European settlement in the north, the Cherokee moved south from the area now called Virginia. As European colonists spread into the area, the Indian populations were forcibly displaced to the south and west, including all Muscogee and Yuchi peoples, the Chickasaw and Choctaw, and ultimately, the Cherokee in 1838.

Q1: Which European nationality first explored the Tennessee region?
A1: Spanish
Q2: Which year did Hernando de Soto explore Tennessee?
A2: 1540
Q3: Which Native American peoples were living in Tennessee when Juan Pardo explored the area?
A3: Muscogee and Yuchi
Q4: Which Native American people left Tennessee for the Virginia area because of encroaching Europeans?
A4: Cherokee
Q5: By which year had most of the Native Americans been forced out of the Tennessee region?
A5: 1838
The first British settlement in what is now Tennessee was built in 1756 by settlers from the colony of South Carolina at Fort Loudoun, near present-day Vonore. Fort Loudoun became the westernmost British outpost to that date. The fort was designed by John William Gerard de Brahm and constructed by forces under British Captain Raymond Demeré. After its completion, Captain Raymond Demeré relinquished command on August 14, 1757 to his brother, Captain Paul Demeré. Hostilities erupted between the British and the neighboring Overhill Cherokees, and a siege of Fort Loudoun ended with its surrender on August 7, 1760. The following morning, Captain Paul Demeré and a number of his men were killed in an ambush nearby, and most of the rest of the garrison was taken prisoner.

Q1: In which year did the British first settle in what would become Tennessee?
A1: 1756
Q2: What was the name of the first British settlement in what is now Tennessee?
A2: Fort Loudoun
Q3: Which British officer oversaw the construction of Fort Loudoun?
A3: Captain Raymond Demeré
Q4: Which Cherokee faction forced the surrender of Fort Loudoun in 1760?
A4: Overhill Cherokees
Q5: Which British commanding officer was killed the day after Cherokee took Fort Loudon in 1760?
A5: Captain Paul Demeré
During the American Revolutionary War, Fort Watauga at Sycamore Shoals (in present-day Elizabethton) was attacked (1776) by Dragging Canoe and his warring faction of Cherokee who were aligned with the British Loyalists. These renegade Cherokee were referred to by settlers as the Chickamauga. They opposed North Carolina's annexation of the Washington District and the concurrent settling of the Transylvania Colony further north and west. The lives of many settlers were spared from the initial warrior attacks through the warnings of Dragging Canoe's cousin, Nancy Ward. The frontier fort on the banks of the Watauga River later served as a 1780 staging area for the Overmountain Men in preparation to trek over the Appalachian Mountains, to engage, and to later defeat the British Army at the Battle of Kings Mountain in South Carolina.

Q1: What did American settlers call the Cherokee who attacked Fort Watuaga in 1776?
A1: the Chickamauga
Q2: Who lead the Cherokee attack on Fort Watuaga in 1776?
A2: Dragging Canoe
Q3: What was the name of the Chickamauga leader's cousin who helped settlers escape his raids?
A3: Nancy Ward
Q4: Who left Fort Watuaga, crossed the Appalachians, and attacked the British army in South Carolina in 1780?
A4: Overmountain Men
Q5: Who lost the Battle of Kings Mountain in South Carolina?
A5: the British Army
Three counties of the Washington District (now part of Tennessee) broke off from North Carolina in 1784 and formed the State of Franklin. Efforts to obtain admission to the Union failed, and the counties (now numbering eight) had re-joined North Carolina by 1789. North Carolina ceded the area to the federal government in 1790, after which it was organized into the Southwest Territory. In an effort to encourage settlers to move west into the new territory, in 1787 the mother state of North Carolina ordered a road to be cut to take settlers into the Cumberland Settlements—from the south end of Clinch Mountain (in East Tennessee) to French Lick (Nashville). The Trace was called the "North Carolina Road" or "Avery's Trace", and sometimes "The Wilderness Road" (although it should not be confused with Daniel Boone's "Wilderness Road" through the Cumberland Gap).

Q1: What was the name of the state that three North Carolina counties hoped to form in 1784?
A1: Franklin
Q2: What was the name given to the land that North Carolina transferred to the federal government in 1790?
A2: Southwest Territory
Q3: What town marked the western extent of the Cumberland Settlements?
A3: French Lick
Q4: What other name does the North Carolina Road share with Daniel Boone's passage through the Cumberland Gap?
A4: Wilderness Road