romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
London is one of the major classical and popular music capitals of the world and is home to major music corporations, such as EMI and Warner Music Group as well as countless bands, musicians and industry professionals. The city is also home to many orchestras and concert halls, such as the Barbican Arts Centre (principal base of the London Symphony Orchestra and the London Symphony Chorus), Cadogan Hall (Royal Philharmonic Orchestra) and the Royal Albert Hall (The Proms). London's two main opera houses are the Royal Opera House and the London Coliseum. The UK's largest pipe organ is at the Royal Albert Hall. Other significant instruments are at the cathedrals and major churches. Several conservatoires are within the city: Royal Academy of Music, Royal College of Music, Guildhall School of Music and Drama and Trinity Laban.

Q1: What musical instrument is situated at Royal Albert Hall?
A1: The UK's largest pipe organ
Q2: London-based EMI is a corporation focused on what industry?
A2: music
Q3: In which facility is the London Symphony Orchestra based?
A3: the Barbican Arts Centre
Q4: What are the names of London's two primary opera houses?
A4: the Royal Opera House and the London Coliseum
Q5: Royal Academy of Music and Royal College of Music are examples of what?
A5: conservatoires
London has numerous venues for rock and pop concerts, including the world's busiest arena the o2 arena and other large arenas such as Earls Court, Wembley Arena, as well as many mid-sized venues, such as Brixton Academy, the Hammersmith Apollo and the Shepherd's Bush Empire. Several music festivals, including the Wireless Festival, South West Four, Lovebox, and Hyde Park's British Summer Time are all held in London. The city is home to the first and original Hard Rock Cafe and the Abbey Road Studios where The Beatles recorded many of their hits. In the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, musicians and groups like Elton John, Pink Floyd, David Bowie, Queen, The Kinks, The Rolling Stones, The Who, Eric Clapton, Led Zeppelin, The Small Faces, Iron Maiden, Fleetwood Mac, Elvis Costello, Cat Stevens, The Police, The Cure, Madness, The Jam, Dusty Springfield, Phil Collins, Rod Stewart and Sade, derived their sound from the streets and rhythms vibrating through London.

Q1: What famous chain of music-themed restaurants opened its first establishment in London?
A1: Hard Rock Cafe
Q2: In which recording studio did the Beatles do much of their recording?
A2: Abbey Road Studios
Q3: What in part inspired the sounds of many British rock bands and singers in the 60s, 70s, and 80s?
A3: the streets and rhythms vibrating through London.
Q4: What London concert venue shares its first name with a famous football stadium?
A4: Wembley Arena
Q5: Located in London, what is the busiest concert arena in the world?
A5: the o2 arena
London was instrumental in the development of punk music, with figures such as the Sex Pistols, The Clash, and Vivienne Westwood all based in the city. More recent artists to emerge from the London music scene include George Michael, Kate Bush, Seal, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bush, the Spice Girls, Jamiroquai, Blur, The Prodigy, Gorillaz, Mumford & Sons, Coldplay, Amy Winehouse, Adele, Ed Sheeran and One Direction. London is also a centre for urban music. In particular the genres UK garage, drum and bass, dubstep and grime evolved in the city from the foreign genres of hip hop and reggae, alongside local drum and bass. Black music station BBC Radio 1Xtra was set up to support the rise of home-grown urban music both in London and in the rest of the UK.

Q1: London was a major factor in the rise of what musical genre?
A1: punk
Q2: Musical genres that gained popularity in London and elsewhere, such as dubstep, were based on and derived from what?
A2: the foreign genres of hip hop and reggae
Q3: Which BBC radio station focuses primarily on black and urban music?
A3: BBC Radio 1Xtra
Q4: What rock music group led by Gavin Rossdale got its start in London's music scene?
A4: Bush
The largest parks in the central area of London are three of the eight Royal Parks, namely Hyde Park and its neighbour Kensington Gardens in the west, and Regent's Park to the north. Hyde Park in particular is popular for sports and sometimes hosts open-air concerts. Regent's Park contains London Zoo, the world's oldest scientific zoo, and is near the tourist attraction of Madame Tussauds Wax Museum. Primrose Hill in the northern part of Regent's Park at 256 feet (78 m) is a popular spot to view the city skyline.

Q1: How many royal parks are located in the center of London?
A1: three
Q2: In which park is the London Zoo housed?
A2: Regent's Park
Q3: What royal park shares a border with its neighbor, the park known as Kensington Gardens?
A3: Hyde Park
Q4: What area of Regent's Park is an excellent spot to see the London skyline?
A4: Primrose Hill
Q5: What popular tourist destination is located near Regent's Park?
A5: Madame Tussauds Wax Museum
Close to Richmond Park is Kew Gardens which has the world's largest collection of living plants. In 2003, the gardens were put on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. There are also numerous parks administered by London's borough Councils, including Victoria Park in the East End and Battersea Park in the centre. Some more informal, semi-natural open spaces also exist, including the 320-hectare (790-acre) Hampstead Heath of North London, and Epping Forest, which covers 2,476 hectares (6,118.32 acres) in the east. Both are controlled by the City of London Corporation. Hampstead Heath incorporates Kenwood House, the former stately home and a popular location in the summer months where classical musical concerts are held by the lake, attracting thousands of people every weekend to enjoy the music, scenery and fireworks. Epping Forest is a popular venue for various outdoor activities, including mountain biking, walking, horse riding, golf, angling, and orienteering.

Q1: What famous London gardens were named as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2003?
A1: Kew Gardens
Q2: Victoria Park is located in what London district?
A2: the East End
Q3: What entity oversees both Hampstead Heath of North London and Epping Forest?
A3: the City of London Corporation
Q4: What former private home hosts lake-side classical music concerts ever summer?
A4: Kenwood House
Q5: People frequently engage in physical activities such as walking, biking, and golf, in what forest?
A5: Epping Forest
Walking is a popular recreational activity in London. Areas that provide for walks include Wimbledon Common, Epping Forest, Hampton Court Park, Hampstead Heath, the eight Royal Parks, canals and disused railway tracks. Access to canals and rivers has improved recently, including the creation of the Thames Path, some 28 miles (45 km) of which is within Greater London, and The Wandle Trail; this runs 12 miles (19 km) through South London along the River Wandle, a tributary of the River Thames. Other long distance paths, linking green spaces, have also been created, including the Capital Ring, the Green Chain Walk, London Outer Orbital Path ("Loop"), Jubilee Walkway, Lea Valley Walk, and the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Walk.

Q1: What river is a tributary of the River Thames?
A1: the River Wandle
Q2: What is the London Outer Orbital Path commonly referred as?
A2: "Loop"
Q3: What walking path was created as a tribute to a member of the Royal Family who died prematurely?
A3: the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Walk
Q4: What recent improvements has served to enhance the walking experience?
A4: Access to canals and rivers
Q5: Which walking path follows the route of the body of water for which it is named?
A5: the Thames Path
London's most popular sport is football and it has fourteen League football clubs, including five in the Premier League: Arsenal, Chelsea, Crystal Palace, Tottenham Hotspur, and West Ham United. Among other professional teams based in London include Fulham, Queens Park Rangers, Millwall and Charlton Athletic. In May 2012, Chelsea became the first London club to win the UEFA Champions League. Aside from Arsenal, Chelsea and Tottenham, none of the other London clubs have ever won the national league title.

Q1: What is London's most popular athletic sport?
A1: football
Q2: How many of the football clubs in the Premier League are based in London?
A2: five
Q3: When did the Chelsea Football Club win the UEFA Champions League title?
A3: May 2012
Q4: How many professional football clubs call London their home?
A4: fourteen
Q5: Besides the Arsenal, Chelsea, and Tottenham football clubs, how many London-based football club have won a national league titie?
A5: none
Three Aviva Premiership rugby union teams are based in London, (London Irish, Saracens, and Harlequins), although currently only Harlequins and Saracens play their home games within Greater London. London Scottish and London Welsh play in the RFU Championship club and other rugby union clubs in the city include Richmond F.C., Rosslyn Park F.C., Westcombe Park R.F.C. and Blackheath F.C.. Twickenham Stadium in south-west London is the national rugby union stadium, and has a capacity of 82,000 now that the new south stand has been completed.

Q1: What is the name of the national rugby union stadium located in South-West London?
A1: Twickenham Stadium
Q2: What is the current spectator seating capacity of Twickenham Stadium?
A2: 82,000
Q3: Of the three Aviva Premiership rugby union teams in London, which ones actually play in the Greater London Area?
A3: Harlequins and Saracens
Q4: Where do the London Scottish and London Welch rugby teams play their home games?
A4: in the RFU Championship club
London is the world's most expensive office market for the last three years according to world property journal (2015) report. As of 2015[update] the residential property in London is worth $2.2 trillion - same value as that of Brazil annual GDP. The city has the highest property prices of any European city according to the Office for National Statistics and the European Office of Statistics. On average the price per square metre in central London is €24,252 (April 2014). This is higher than the property prices in other G8 European capital cities; Berlin €3,306, Rome €6,188 and Paris €11,229.

Q1: London's residential property value is equivalent to what nation's GDP?
A1: Brazil
Q2: What is the average price of property per square meter in central London as of April 2014?
A2: €24,252
Q3: A World Property Journal report has ranked London as the most expensive office market in the world for how many consecutive years?
A3: three
Q4: What city has the highest prices for property in Europe?
A4: London
Q5: What is the average property price per square meter in Berlin as of April 2014?
A5: €3,306
The law of the United States comprises many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law, of which the most important is the United States Constitution, the foundation of the federal government of the United States. The Constitution sets out the boundaries of federal law, which consists of acts of Congress, treaties ratified by the Senate, regulations promulgated by the executive branch, and case law originating from the federal judiciary. The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of general and permanent federal statutory law.

Q1: What is the foundation of the United States federal government?
A1: United States Constitution
Q2: In the Unites States what sets out the boundaries of federal law?
A2: The Constitution
Q3: What is defined as the official codification of federal statutory law?
A3: The United States Code
Q4: What is compromised of many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law?
A4: law of the United States
Q5: The constitution set boundaries for case law that originates from where?
A5: federal judiciary
Q6: What is the foundation of the U.S. federal government?
A6: the United States Constitution
Q7: What sets out the boundries of federal law?
A7: The Constitution
Q8: What two forms of law make up the laws of the United States?
A8: codified and uncodified
Q9: What is th eofficial compilation of federal statutory law called?
A9: The United States Code
Q10: What different kinds of law make up the laws of the United States?
A10: codified and uncodified
Q11: What is the most important document in the US, setting the boundries for all other laws?
A11: the United States Constitution
Q12: What branch of gevernment is responsible for ratifing treaties?
A12: Senate
Q13: With branch of government deals with new regulations?
A13: the executive branch
Q14: Who's responsibility is case law?
A14: the federal judiciary
Federal law and treaties, so long as they are in accordance with the Constitution, preempt conflicting state and territorial laws in the 50 U.S. states and in the territories. However, the scope of federal preemption is limited because the scope of federal power is not universal. In the dual-sovereign system of American federalism (actually tripartite because of the presence of Indian reservations), states are the plenary sovereigns, each with their own constitution, while the federal sovereign possesses only the limited supreme authority enumerated in the Constitution. Indeed, states may grant their citizens broader rights than the federal Constitution as long as they do not infringe on any federal constitutional rights. Thus, most U.S. law (especially the actual "living law" of contract, tort, property, criminal, and family law experienced by the majority of citizens on a day-to-day basis) consists primarily of state law, which can and does vary greatly from one state to the next.

Q1: What comes before state and territorial laws in the 50 U.S states?
A1: Federal law and treaties
Q2: Federal sovereign only possess authority if it is stated in what?
A2: the Constitution
Q3: States may grant their citizens border rights as long as they do not infringe on what?
A3: federal constitutional rights
Q4: Most U.S law, the kind of law we live everyday, consists of what kind of law?
A4: state law
Q5: Does every state have the same laws?
A5: vary greatly from one state to the next.
Q6: Federal law overrides what laws?
A6: conflicting state and territorial laws
Q7: The scope of federal power is not what?
A7: universal
Q8: What type of system is American Federalism?
A8: dual-sovereign system
Q9: American Federalism can also be considered tripartite because of the presence of what?
A9: Indian reservations
Q10: States can grant their people broader rights than those granted in what document?
A10: the federal Constitution
Q11: Is there anything that trumps state law?
A11: Federal law and treaties
Q12: How many state make up the United States?
A12: 50
Q13: Can states grant rights to citizens that are not defined by the constitution?
A13: as long as they do not infringe on any federal constitutional rights
Q14: What is day-to-day, operational law considered?
A14: "living law"
Q15: What is living law mostly made up of?
A15: state law
Notably, a statute does not disappear automatically merely because it has been found unconstitutional; it must be deleted by a subsequent statute. Many federal and state statutes have remained on the books for decades after they were ruled to be unconstitutional. However, under the principle of stare decisis, no sensible lower court will enforce an unconstitutional statute, and any court that does so will be reversed by the Supreme Court. Conversely, any court that refuses to enforce a constitutional statute (where such constitutionality has been expressly established in prior cases) will risk reversal by the Supreme Court.

Q1: In order for a unconstitutional statue to disappear, it has to be deleted by?
A1: a subsequent statute
Q2: What has remained on the books after they were ruled unconstitutional?
A2: federal and state statutes
Q3: What principle  states no lower court will enforce an unconstitutional statue?
A3: stare decisis
Q4: Who can reverse an unconstitutional court ruling?
A4: the Supreme Court
Q5: What must happen to a statute for it to become unconstitutional?
A5: it must be deleted
Q6: What can delete a statute and make it unconstitutional?
A6: a subsequent statute
Q7: Some federal and state statutes remain on the books for how long after they are ruled unconstitutional?
A7: decades
Q8: What decisis states that no lower court will enforce an unconstitutional statute?
A8: the principle of stare decisis
Q9: Any court that enforces an unconstitutional statute will be overturned by what court?
A9: the Supreme Court
Q10: If a statute is unconstitutional, how is it removed?
A10: deleted by a subsequent statute
Q11: What happens when an unconstitutional statute remains on the books?
A11: no sensible lower court will enforce
Q12: What would happen if a lower court tried to enforce an unconstitutional statute?
A12: reversed by the Supreme Court
Q13: What must happen before the Supreme Court will reverse a decision by a lower court refusing to uphold a constitutional law?
A13: constitutionality has been expressly established in prior cases
Q14: What would happen if a lower court refused to uphold a constitutional law?
A14: risk reversal by the Supreme Court
Notably, the most broadly influential innovation of 20th-century American tort law was the rule of strict liability for defective products, which originated with judicial glosses on the law of warranty. In 1963, Roger J. Traynor of the Supreme Court of California threw away legal fictions based on warranties and imposed strict liability for defective products as a matter of public policy in the landmark case of Greenman v. Yuba Power Products. The American Law Institute subsequently adopted a slightly different version of the Greenman rule in Section 402A of the Restatement (Second) of Torts, which was published in 1964 and was very influential throughout the United States. Outside the U.S., the rule was adopted by the European Economic Community in the Product Liability Directive of July 1985 by Australia in July 1992 and by Japan in June 1994.

Q1: The rule of liability for defective products originated from what law?
A1: law of warranty
Q2: In what case did the supreme court of California, throw away warranties and strictly impose liability for defective products?
A2: Greenman v. Yuba Power Products
Q3: What was most influential American 20th century tort law?
A3: rule of strict liability for defective products
Q4: What year was the case Greenman v. Yuba Power products?
A4: 1963
Q5: What is one of the most influential changes to tort law?
A5: rule of strict liability for defective products
Q6: Who was at the forefront of the fight to change the laws on defective products?
A6: Roger J. Traynor
Q7: When was the Greenman rule in Section 402A of the Restatement (Second) of Torts published?
A7: 1964
Q8: What case was fundamental in the fight to change warranty laws?
A8: Greenman v. Yuba Power Products
Q9: When was the Restatement (Second) of Torts beginning to be adopted outside of the United States?
A9: 1985
Tort law covers the entire imaginable spectrum of wrongs which humans can inflict upon each other, and of course, partially overlaps with wrongs also punishable by criminal law. Although the American Law Institute has attempted to standardize tort law through the development of several versions of the Restatement of Torts, many states have chosen to adopt only certain sections of the Restatements and to reject others. Thus, because of its immense size and diversity, American tort law cannot be easily summarized.

Q1: What law covers wrongs which humans can inflict upon each other?
A1: Tort law
Q2: Why can American tort law not be easily summarized?
A2: because of its immense size and diversity
Q3: While attempting to standardize tort law, multiple versions of tort law have come about, what are there versions called?
A3: Restatement of Torts
Q4: What covers crimes of human against human?
A4: Tort law
Q5: What does tort law overlap with?
A5: wrongs also punishable by criminal law
Q6: What is attempting to standardize the tort law system?
A6: Restatement of Torts
Q7: What is the Restatement of Torts not successfull as a whole yet?
A7: many states have chosen to adopt only certain sections
Q8: Why is tort law hard to standardize?
A8: immense size and diversity
However, it is important to understand that despite the presence of reception statutes, much of contemporary American common law has diverged significantly from English common law. The reason is that although the courts of the various Commonwealth nations are often influenced by each other's rulings, American courts rarely follow post-Revolution Commonwealth rulings unless there is no American ruling on point, the facts and law at issue are nearly identical, and the reasoning is strongly persuasive.

Q1: A lot of American common law diverged from where?
A1: English common law
Q2: When would American courts follow post-revolution commonwealth rulings?
A2: there is no American ruling on point
Q3: Courts in commonwealth nations are often influenced by what?
A3: by each other's rulings
Q4: Most modern American common law came from what kind of law?
A4: English common law
Q5: Couts of commonwealth nations are often influenced by who's rulings?
A5: each other's
Q6: What rulings do American courts rarely follow?
A6: post-Revolution Commonwealth rulings
Q7: What is one reason American courts may follow a post Revolutionary Commonwealth ruling under what circumstances?
A7: there is no American ruling on point
Q8: How close is current American law to English law?
A8: diverged significantly
Q9: What differs about American and English law?
A9: American courts rarely follow post-Revolution Commonwealth rulings
Q10: When would American law be more likely to follow English law?
A10: no American ruling on point
Q11: How close do the issues have to be in order for an English law to be used?
A11: nearly identical
The actual substance of English law was formally "received" into the United States in several ways. First, all U.S. states except Louisiana have enacted "reception statutes" which generally state that the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state to the extent that it is not repugnant to domestic law or indigenous conditions. Some reception statutes impose a specific cutoff date for reception, such as the date of a colony's founding, while others are deliberately vague. Thus, contemporary U.S. courts often cite pre-Revolution cases when discussing the evolution of an ancient judge-made common law principle into its modern form, such as the heightened duty of care traditionally imposed upon common carriers.

Q1: Reception statues are generally the same as what law?
A1: the common law of England
Q2: Who sites pre-revolution cases when discussion evolution of judge-made law?
A2: contemporary U.S. courts
Q3: Which US State did not  enact reception statues?
A3: Louisiana
Q4: What do reception statutes state is the law of the state?
A4: common law of England
Q5: What is the only state to not enact reception statutes?
A5: Louisiana
Q6: Some reception statutes impose what?
A6: a specific cutoff date
Q7: Modern courts often cite which period in history cases when discussing changes in law?
A7: pre-Revolution
Q8: What are reception statutes?
A8: the common law of England (particularly judge-made law) is the law of the state
Q9: When are reception statutes invaild?
A9: repugnant to domestic law or indigenous conditions
Q10: Where did the bulk of the US's starting laws come from?
A10: English law
Q11: Which is the only stste without reception statutes?
A11: Louisiana
Q12: What kind of case would a contemporary lawyer discuss when talking about an ancient judge-made common law principle?
A12: pre-Revolution