romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Generally, American civil procedure has several notable features, including extensive pretrial discovery, heavy reliance on live testimony obtained at deposition or elicited in front of a jury, and aggressive pretrial "law and motion" practice designed to result in a pretrial disposition (that is, summary judgment) or a settlement. U.S. courts pioneered the concept of the opt-out class action, by which the burden falls on class members to notify the court that they do not wish to be bound by the judgment, as opposed to opt-in class actions, where class members must join into the class. Another unique feature is the so-called American Rule under which parties generally bear their own attorneys' fees (as opposed to the English Rule of "loser pays"), though American legislators and courts have carved out numerous exceptions.

Q1: What is extensive pretrial discovery a part of?
A1: American civil procedure
Q2: What is a pretrial deposition?
A2: summary judgment
Q3: What is an opt-out class action?
A3: the burden falls on class members to notify the court that they do not wish to be bound by the judgment
Q4: What is an opt-in class action?
A4: class members must join into the class
Q5: What is the American Rule?
A5: parties generally bear their own attorneys' fees
Criminal law involves the prosecution by the state of wrongful acts which are considered to be so serious that they are a breach of the sovereign's peace (and cannot be deterred or remedied by mere lawsuits between private parties). Generally, crimes can result in incarceration, but torts (see below) cannot. The majority of the crimes committed in the United States are prosecuted and punished at the state level. Federal criminal law focuses on areas specifically relevant to the federal government like evading payment of federal income tax, mail theft, or physical attacks on federal officials, as well as interstate crimes like drug trafficking and wire fraud.

Q1: What is criminal law?
A1: prosecution by the state of wrongful acts
Q2: What type of wrongful act will the state prosecute?
A2: acts which are considered to be so serious that they are a breach of the sovereign's peace
Q3: Who focuses on things such as evading payment of federal income tax, mail theft, or physical attacks on federal officials, as well as interstate crimes like drug trafficking and wire fraud?
A3: Federal criminal law
Q4: Where are the majority of the U.S.'s crimes prosecuted?
A4: state level
Q5: What can result in incarceration?
A5: crimes
Some states distinguish between two levels: felonies and misdemeanors (minor crimes). Generally, most felony convictions result in lengthy prison sentences as well as subsequent probation, large fines, and orders to pay restitution directly to victims; while misdemeanors may lead to a year or less in jail and a substantial fine. To simplify the prosecution of traffic violations and other relatively minor crimes, some states have added a third level, infractions. These may result in fines and sometimes the loss of one's driver's license, but no jail time.

Q1: What two levels of crime are there?
A1: felonies and misdemeanors
Q2: What is a misdemeanor?
A2: minor crimes
Q3: What results in lengthy prison sentences as well as subsequent probation, large fines, and orders to pay restitution directly to victims?
A3: felony convictions
Q4: What usually happens with misdemeanors?
A4: a year or less in jail and a substantial fine
Q5: What is a third level of crime that some states have adopted?
A5: infractions
Contract law covers obligations established by agreement (express or implied) between private parties. Generally, contract law in transactions involving the sale of goods has become highly standardized nationwide as a result of the widespread adoption of the Uniform Commercial Code. However, there is still significant diversity in the interpretation of other kinds of contracts, depending upon the extent to which a given state has codified its common law of contracts or adopted portions of the Restatement (Second) of Contracts.

Q1: What is contract law?
A1: obligations established by agreement (express or implied) between private parties
Q2: What standardized contract law?
A2: Uniform Commercial Code
Q3: What kinds of agreements do contract law cover?
A3: express or implied
Myanmar (myan-MAR i/miɑːnˈmɑːr/ mee-ahn-MAR, /miˈɛnmɑːr/ mee-EN-mar or /maɪˈænmɑːr/ my-AN-mar (also with the stress on first syllable); Burmese pronunciation: [mjəmà]),[nb 1] officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia bordered by Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand. One-third of Myanmar's total perimeter of 1,930 km (1,200 miles) forms an uninterrupted coastline along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The country's 2014 census revealed a much lower population than expected, with 51 million people recorded. Myanmar is 676,578 square kilometres (261,227 sq mi) in size. Its capital city is Naypyidaw and its largest city is Yangon (Rangoon).

Q1: How much a  Myanmar's boundaries are encompassed by beachfront lands?
A1: (1,200 miles) forms an uninterrupted coastline
Q2: How many people dwell in  Myanmar ?
A2: 51 million people recorded
Q3: What is the land mass of  Myanmar ?
A3: Myanmar is 676,578 square kilometres (261,227 sq mi) in size
Q4: Is the capital city the holder of the largest amount of the population in  Myanmar ?
A4: largest city is Yangon (Rangoon)
Q5: What is the name of the capital city of Myanmar?
A5: capital city is Naypyidaw
Early civilisations in Myanmar included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Burma and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Burma. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley and, following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell due to the Mongol invasions and several warring states emerged. In the 16th century, reunified by the Taungoo Dynasty, the country was for a brief period the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia. The early 19th century Konbaung Dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Myanmar and briefly controlled Manipur and Assam as well. The British conquered Myanmar after three Anglo-Burmese Wars in the 19th century and the country became a British colony. Myanmar became an independent nation in 1948, initially as a democratic nation and then, following a coup d'état in 1962, a military dictatorship.

Q1: What were the names of some of the early cultures located in Myanmar?
A1: Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Burma and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Burma
Q2: When did the dominant religion of Myanmar become something outside of the mainstream ?
A2: in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country.
Q3: What caused the downfall of the downfall of the the original kingdom in Myanmar?
A3: The Pagan Kingdom fell due to the Mongol invasions and several warring states emerged
Q4: Whose rule  was Myanmar under when it was one of the most massive kingdoms in Southeast Asia ?
A4: Taungoo Dynasty
Q5: When did was Myanmar ruled by the Taungoo Dynasty ?
A5: In the 16th century
For most of its independent years, the country has been engrossed in rampant ethnic strife and Burma's myriad ethnic groups have been involved in one of the world's longest-running ongoing civil wars. During this time, the United Nations and several other organisations have reported consistent and systematic human rights violations in the country. In 2011, the military junta was officially dissolved following a 2010 general election, and a nominally civilian government was installed. While former military leaders still wield enormous power in the country, Burmese Military have taken steps toward relinquishing control of the government. This, along with the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and political prisoners, has improved the country's human rights record and foreign relations, and has led to the easing of trade and other economic sanctions. There is, however, continuing criticism of the government's treatment of the Muslim Rohingya minority and its poor response to the religious clashes. In the landmark 2015 election, Aung San Suu Kyi's party won a majority in both houses, ending military rule.

Q1: What portion of the government was eventually separated from government participation?
A1: the military junta
Q2: Has the country been able to overcome the problems of government with the previous regime?
A2: Aung San Suu Kyi's party won a majority in both houses, ending military rule.
Q3: What type of government is now established in Myanmar?
A3: a nominally civilian government
Q4: Are previous leaders a hendrence to the current government?
A4: former military leaders still wield enormous power in the country
Q5: What major conflict is Myanmar known for?
A5: one of the world's longest-running ongoing civil wars.
In English, the country is popularly known as either "Burma" or "Myanmar" i/ˈmjɑːnˌmɑːr/. Both these names are derived from the name of the majority Burmese Bamar ethnic group. Myanmar is considered to be the literary form of the name of the group, while Burma is derived from "Bamar", the colloquial form of the group's name. Depending on the register used, the pronunciation would be Bama (pronounced: [bəmà]) or Myamah (pronounced: [mjəmà]). The name Burma has been in use in English since the 18th century.

Q1: Where did the name Burma originate from ?
A1: names are derived from the name of the majority Burmese Bamar ethnic group
Q2: What is the considered to be the name in slang terms for the people of Myanmar?
A2: Burma is derived from "Bamar", the colloquial form of the group's name
Q3: How is the slang term for the people of Burma articulated correctly ?
A3: Depending on the register used, the pronunciation would be Bama (pronounced: [bəmà])
Q4: When did the term for the people of Burma become a common place word in English?
A4: The name Burma has been in use in English since the 18th century.
Burma continues to be used in English by the governments of many countries, such as Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. Official United States policy retains Burma as the country's name, although the State Department's website lists the country as "Burma (Myanmar)" and Barack Obama has referred to the country by both names. The Czech Republic uses officially Myanmar, although its Ministry of Foreign Affairs mentions both Myanmar and Burma on its website. The United Nations uses Myanmar, as do the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Russia, Germany, China, India, Norway, and Japan.

Q1: By which name is the country called by most English speaking countries?
A1: Burma continues to be used in English by the governments of many countries, such as Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom
Q2: How is Burma officially identified in the United States
A2: Burma (Myanmar)
Q3: What is the country called in sessions of the United Nations?
A3: United Nations uses Myanmar
Q4: What does the current president of the United States call the country in official settings?
A4: Burma (Myanmar)" and Barack Obama has referred to the country by both names
Archaeological evidence shows that Homo erectus lived in the region now known as Myanmar as early as 400,000 years ago. The first evidence of Homo sapiens is dated to about 11,000 BC, in a Stone Age culture called the Anyathian with discoveries of stone tools in central Myanmar. Evidence of neolithic age domestication of plants and animals and the use of polished stone tools dating to sometime between 10,000 and 6,000 BC has been discovered in the form of cave paintings near the city of Taunggyi.

Q1: What extinct species of hominid that lived throughout most of the Pleistocene geological period is believed to have dwelled in Myanmar?
A1: Homo erectus
Q2: When was the extinct species believed to have lived in Myanmar?
A2: 400,000 years ago
Q3: What is the name of the civilization that is believed to be one of the oldest.
A3: Anyathian
Q4: Did any other ancient cultures also leave behind evidence of existence in Myanmar?
A4: neolithic age domestication of plants and animals and the use of polished stone tools dating to sometime between 10,000 and 6,000 BC has been discovered
Q5: What form was the evidence of ancient cultures discovered in ?
A5: discovered in the form of cave paintings
The Bronze Age arrived circa 1500 BC when people in the region were turning copper into bronze, growing rice and domesticating poultry and pigs; they were among the first people in the world to do so. Human remains and artifacts from this era were discovered in Monywa District in the Sagaing Division. The Iron Age began around 500 BC with the emergence of iron-working settlements in an area south of present-day Mandalay. Evidence also shows the presence of rice-growing settlements of large villages and small towns that traded with their surroundings as far as China between 500 BC and 200 AD. Iron Age Burmese cultures also had influences from outside sources such as India and Thailand, as seen in their funerary practices concerning child burials. This indicates some form of communication between groups in Myanmar and other places, possibly through trade.

Q1: By what name is the era in the 3rd millennium around 1500 BC known?
A1: The Bronze Age
Q2: What events of significance to human development occurred during the Bronze Age ?
A2: people in the region were turning copper into bronze, growing rice
Q3: What event evolving animals are the Myanmar also accredited with being the first to accomplish?
A3: domesticating poultry and pigs
Q4: When did the Age of Iron begin?
A4: The Iron Age began around 500 BC
Q5: What events punctuate the beginning of the Iron Age?
A5: with the emergence of iron-working settlements in an area south of present-day Mandalay
Around the second century BC the first-known city-states emerged in central Myanmar. The city-states were founded as part of the southward migration by the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states, the earliest inhabitants of Myanmar of whom records are extant, from present-day Yunnan. The Pyu culture was heavily influenced by trade with India, importing Buddhism as well as other cultural, architectural and political concepts which would have an enduring influence on later Burmese culture and political organisation.

Q1: What period was the first known city states established in Myanmar?
A1: Around the second century BC
Q2: From what people have were the first records known to be existent derived from?
A2: from present-day Yunnan
Q3: Were any of the early civilizations influenced by each other and if so by what how did it occur?
A3: The Pyu culture was heavily influenced by trade with India
Q4: What Myanmar import from other countries that has been of major importance?
A4: Buddhism as well as other cultural, architectural and political concepts
Pagan's collapse was followed by 250 years of political fragmentation that lasted well into the 16th century. Like the Burmans four centuries earlier, Shan migrants who arrived with the Mongol invasions stayed behind. Several competing Shan States came to dominate the entire northwestern to eastern arc surrounding the Irrawaddy valley. The valley too was beset with petty states until the late 14th century when two sizeable powers, Ava Kingdom and Hanthawaddy Kingdom, emerged. In the west, a politically fragmented Arakan was under competing influences of its stronger neighbours until the Kingdom of Mrauk U unified the Arakan coastline for the first time in 1437.

Q1: What is the name of the kingdom that became dominant along the coastline of Myanmar?
A1: Kingdom of Mrauk U
Q2: How long did it take for Myanmar to recover from the collapse of it's first kingdom ?
A2: 250 years
Q3: Did the Mongol invasions of Burma leave any lasting signs?
A3: Shan migrants who arrived with the Mongol invasions stayed behind
Q4: Who was involved merger of the smaller states into the two largest factions of Myanmar ?
A4: Ava Kingdom and Hanthawaddy Kingdom
Like the Pagan Empire, Ava, Hanthawaddy and the Shan states were all multi-ethnic polities. Despite the wars, cultural synchronisation continued. This period is considered a golden age for Burmese culture. Burmese literature "grew more confident, popular, and stylistically diverse", and the second generation of Burmese law codes as well as the earliest pan-Burma chronicles emerged. Hanthawaddy monarchs introduced religious reforms that later spread to the rest of the country. Many splendid temples of Mrauk U were built during this period.

Q1: Was there more than one racial class in the organized societies of the states of Myanmar?
A1: states were all multi-ethnic polities
Q2: During what age did the culture of Myanmar grow?
A2: This period is considered a golden age
Q3: Who increased the spread of religious reforms in Myanmar?
A3: Hanthawaddy monarchs
Q4: Who is the monarch that has some of the most impressive built in their honor in the Myanmar
A4: Mrauk U
Political unification returned in the mid-16th century, due to the efforts of Taungoo, a former vassal state of Ava. Taungoo's young, ambitious king Tabinshwehti defeated the more powerful Hanthawaddy in the Toungoo–Hanthawaddy War (1534–41). His successor Bayinnaung went on to conquer a vast swath of mainland Southeast Asia including the Shan states, Lan Na, Manipur, Mong Mao, the Ayutthaya Kingdom, Lan Xang and southern Arakan. However, the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia unravelled soon after Bayinnaung's death in 1581, completely collapsing by 1599. Ayutthaya seized Tenasserim and Lan Na, and Portuguese mercenaries established Portuguese rule at Thanlyin (Syriam).

Q1: Before attempting to obtain political unification, what title did Taungoo,hold ?
A1: a former vassal state of Ava.
Q2: Who was the ruling monarchy when Taungoo, was vassal?
A2: king Tabinshwehti
Q3: Who was the ruler of the largest kingdom in Southeast Asia ?
A3: Bayinnaung
Q4: In what year did the dynasty of Bayinnaung fully collapse ?
A4: 1599
Q5: Have any other countries ever established a foot hole in Burma?
A5: Portuguese mercenaries established Portuguese rule at Thanlyin (Syriam)
The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.

Q1: How were the Portuguese expelled from Myanmar?
A1: The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese
Q2: Did the country have lasting monarchs?
A2: Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century
Q3: Did the original chieftains maintain power political power?
A3: The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley
Q4: In what year was one of the original Myanmar kingdoms restored?
A4: In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom
With Burma preoccupied by the Chinese threat, Ayutthaya recovered its territories by 1770, and went on to capture Lan Na by 1776. Burma and Siam went to war until 1855, but all resulted in a stalemate, exchanging Tenasserim (to Burma) and Lan Na (to Ayutthaya). Faced with a powerful China and a resurgent Ayutthaya in the east, King Bodawpaya turned west, acquiring Arakan (1785), Manipur (1814) and Assam (1817). It was the second-largest empire in Burmese history but also one with a long ill-defined border with British India.

Q1: What was the event called that caused  Ayutthaya  to reclaim lost territories ?
A1: the Chinese threat
Q2: In what year did  Ayutthaya capture Lan Na  ?
A2: 1776.
Q3: What country was Burma at war with with until 1855 ?
A3: Arakan
Q4: Who managed to eventually control the territory of Arakan
A4: King Bodawpaya
Konbaung kings extended Restored Toungoo's administrative reforms, and achieved unprecedented levels of internal control and external expansion. For the first time in history, the Burmese language and culture came to predominate the entire Irrawaddy valley. The evolution and growth of Burmese literature and theatre continued, aided by an extremely high adult male literacy rate for the era (half of all males and 5% of females). Nonetheless, the extent and pace of reforms were uneven and ultimately proved insufficient to stem the advance of British colonialism.

Q1: What language eventually came to power in the Irrawaddy valley ?
A1: Burmese language
Q2: What was the literacy rate for the Burmese people during the big period of artistic growth?
A2: half of all males and 5% of females
Q3: Did changes move along at a uniform pace for the Burmese people?
A3: pace of reforms were uneven and ultimately proved insufficient
Q4: What country was Burma a colony of ?
A4: British
Q5: What are the kings of the Konbaung monarchy famed for in their rule?
A5: Konbaung kings extended Restored Toungoo's administrative reforms, and achieved unprecedented levels of internal control and external expansion
Burmese resentment was strong and was vented in violent riots that paralysed Yangon (Rangoon) on occasion all the way until the 1930s. Some of the discontent was caused by a disrespect for Burmese culture and traditions such as the British refusal to remove shoes when they entered pagodas. Buddhist monks became the vanguards of the independence movement. U Wisara, an activist monk, died in prison after a 166-day hunger strike to protest against a rule that forbade him from wearing his Buddhist robes while imprisoned.

Q1: have the Burmese people ever shown any reservations about the ruling government bodies?
A1: Burmese resentment was strong and was vented in violent riots that paralysed Yangon (Rangoon) on occasion all the way until the 1930s.
Q2: What were some of problems experienced with the colonialism of Burma by the British?
A2: Some of the discontent was caused by a disrespect for Burmese culture and traditions
Q3: How long was U Wisara on a strike were he refused subsistence ?
A3: 166-day hunger strike
Q4: Was U Wisara able to survive  the protest?
A4: died in prison after a 166-day hunger strike
Q5: Why was U Wisara involved in a resistance movement of such extremes ?
A5: to protest against a rule that forbade him from wearing his Buddhist robes while imprisoned.