romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Melbourne has an integrated public transport system based around extensive train, tram, bus and taxi systems. Flinders Street Station was the world's busiest passenger station in 1927 and Melbourne's tram network overtook Sydney's to become the world's largest in the 1940s, at which time 25% of travellers used public transport but by 2003 it had declined to just 7.6%. The public transport system was privatised in 1999, symbolising the peak of the decline. Despite privatisation and successive governments persisting with auto-centric urban development into the 21st century, there have since been large increases in public transport patronage, with the mode share for commuters increasing to 14.8% and 8.4% of all trips. A target of 20% public transport mode share for Melbourne by 2020 was set by the state government in 2006. Since 2006 public transport patronage has grown by over 20%.

Q1: Which rail station was the world's busiest passenger station in 1927?
A1: Flinders Street Station
Q2: In the 1940s, what percentage of travellers used public transport?
A2: 25%
Q3: In 2003, what percentage of travellers used public transport?
A3: 7.6%
Q4: In what year was the public transport system privatised?
A4: 1999
Q5: What was the target percentage of public transport mode share that was set by the state government in 2006?
A5: 20%
Water storage and supply for Melbourne is managed by Melbourne Water, which is owned by the Victorian Government. The organisation is also responsible for management of sewerage and the major water catchments in the region as well as the Wonthaggi desalination plant and North–South Pipeline. Water is stored in a series of reservoirs located within and outside the Greater Melbourne area. The largest dam, the Thomson River Dam, located in the Victorian Alps, is capable of holding around 60% of Melbourne's water capacity, while smaller dams such as the Upper Yarra Dam, Yan Yean Reservoir, and the Cardinia Reservoir carry secondary supplies.

Q1: Who manages the water storage and supply for Melbourne?
A1: Melbourne Water
Q2: Who owns Melbourne Water?
A2: the Victorian Government
Q3: Which is Melbourne's largest dam?
A3: Thomson River Dam
Q4: Where is the Thomson River Dam located?
A4: Victorian Alps
Q5: How much of Melbourne's water capacity is the Thomson River Dam capable of holding?
A5: 60%
The discovery of gold in Victoria in mid 1851 led to the Victorian gold rush, and Melbourne, which served as the major port and provided most services for the region, experienced rapid growth. Within months, the city's population had increased by nearly three-quarters, from 25,000 to 40,000 inhabitants. Thereafter, growth was exponential and by 1865, Melbourne had overtaken Sydney as Australia's most populous city. Additionally, Melbourne along with the Victorian regional cities of Ballarat and Geelong became the wealthiest cities in the world during the Gold Rush era.

Q1: Melbourne experienced rapid growth after 1851 due to the discovery of what?
A1: gold
Q2: Melbourne and which other regional cities became the wealthiest cities in the world during the Gold Rush era?
A2: Ballarat and Geelong
Q3: How much did Melbourne's population increase within months of the gold rush?
A3: three-quarters, from 25,000 to 40,000 inhabitants
Q4: By what year had Melbourne overtaken Sydney as Australia's most populous city?
A4: 1865
At the time of Australia's federation on 1 January 1901, Melbourne became the seat of government of the federation. The first federal parliament was convened on 9 May 1901 in the Royal Exhibition Building, subsequently moving to the Victorian Parliament House where it was located until 1927, when it was moved to Canberra. The Governor-General of Australia resided at Government House in Melbourne until 1930 and many major national institutions remained in Melbourne well into the twentieth century.

Q1: Where was the first federal parliament convened in 1901?
A1: Royal Exhibition Building
Q2: The Governor-General of Australia resided at the Government House in Melbourne until what year?
A2: 1930
Q3: Where was the federal parliament moved after 1927?
A3: Canberra
Q4: On what date was the first federal parliament convened?
A4: 9 May 1901
As the centre of Australia's "rust belt", Melbourne experienced an economic downturn between 1989 to 1992, following the collapse of several local financial institutions. In 1992 the newly elected Kennett government began a campaign to revive the economy with an aggressive development campaign of public works coupled with the promotion of the city as a tourist destination with a focus on major events and sports tourism. During this period the Australian Grand Prix moved to Melbourne from Adelaide. Major projects included the construction of a new facility for the Melbourne Museum, Federation Square, the Melbourne Exhibition and Convention Centre, Crown Casino and the CityLink tollway. Other strategies included the privatisation of some of Melbourne's services, including power and public transport, and a reduction in funding to public services such as health, education and public transport infrastructure.

Q1: During which years did Melbourne experience an economic downturn?
A1: 1989 to 1992
Q2: The Australian Grand Prix moved to Melbourne from where?
A2: Adelaide
Q3: Which city is the center of Australia's "rust belt"?
A3: Melbourne
Q4: Which government in 1992 began a campaign to revive the economy?
A4: Kennett
The city reaches south-east through Dandenong to the growth corridor of Pakenham towards West Gippsland, and southward through the Dandenong Creek valley, the Mornington Peninsula and the city of Frankston taking in the peaks of Olivers Hill, Mount Martha and Arthurs Seat, extending along the shores of Port Phillip as a single conurbation to reach the exclusive suburb of Portsea and Point Nepean. In the west, it extends along the Maribyrnong River and its tributaries north towards Sunbury and the foothills of the Macedon Ranges, and along the flat volcanic plain country towards Melton in the west, Werribee at the foothills of the You Yangs granite ridge south west of the CBD. The Little River, and the township of the same name, marks the border between Melbourne and neighbouring Geelong city.

Q1: Which body of water and township of the same name marks the border between Melbourne and Geelong?
A1: Little River
Q2: Little River marks the boundary between Melbourne and which city?
A2: Geelong
Q3: Little River marks the boundary between Geelong and which other city?
A3: Melbourne
Melbourne's air quality is generally good and has improved significantly since the 1980s. Like many urban environments, the city faces significant environmental issues, many of them relating to the city's large urban footprint and urban sprawl and the demand for infrastructure and services. One such issue is water usage, drought and low rainfall. Drought in Victoria, low rainfalls and high temperatures deplete Melbourne water supplies and climate change may have a long-term impact on the water supplies of Melbourne. In response to low water supplies and low rainfall due to drought, the government implemented water restrictions and a range of other options including: water recycling schemes for the city, incentives for household water tanks, greywater systems, water consumption awareness initiatives, and other water saving and reuse initiatives; also, in June 2007, the Bracks Government announced that a $3.1 billion Wonthaggi desalination plant would be built on Victoria's south-east coast, capable of treating 150 billion litres of water per year, as well as a 70 km (43 mi) pipeline from the Goulburn area in Victoria's north to Melbourne and a new water pipeline linking Melbourne and Geelong. Both projects are being conducted under controversial Public-Private Partnerships and a multitude of independent reports have found that neither project is required to supply water to the city and that Sustainable Water Management is the best solution. In the meantime, the drought must be weathered.

Q1: Has Melbourne's air quality improved or declined since the 1980s?
A1: improved significantly
Q2: What factors deplete Melbourne water supplies?
A2: Drought in Victoria, low rainfalls and high temperatures
Q3: Which government announced a $3.1 billion Wonthaggi desalination plant in June 2007?
A3: Bracks Government
Q4: How many litres of water will the Wonthaggi desalination plant be capbale of treating per year?
A4: 150 billion litres
Melbourne is an international cultural centre, with cultural endeavours spanning major events and festivals, drama, musicals, comedy, music, art, architecture, literature, film and television. The climate, waterfront location and nightlife make it one of the most vibrant destinations in Australia. For five years in a row (as of 2015) it has held the top position in a survey by The Economist Intelligence Unit of the world's most liveable cities on the basis of a number of attributes which include its broad cultural offerings. The city celebrates a wide variety of annual cultural events and festivals of all types, including Australia's largest free community festival—Moomba, the Melbourne International Arts Festival, Melbourne International Film Festival, Melbourne International Comedy Festival and the Melbourne Fringe Festival. The culture of the city is an important drawcard for tourists, of which just under two million international overnight visitors and 57.7 million domestic overnight visited during the year ending March 2014.

Q1: Which factors make Melbourne one of the moust vibrant destinations in Australia?
A1: The climate, waterfront location and nightlife
Q2: For how many years in a row has Melbourne held the top position in a survey of the world's most liveable cities?
A2: five
Q3: How many international overnight visitors came to Melbourne during the year ending March 2014?
A3: just under two million
Q4: How many domestic overnight visitors came to Melbourne during the year ending March 2014?
A4: 57.7 million
Q5: What is Australia's largest free community festival?
A5: Moomba
The Story of the Kelly Gang, the world's first feature film, was shot in Melbourne in 1906. Melbourne filmmakers continued to produce bushranger films until they were banned by Victorian politicians in 1912 for the perceived promotion of crime, thus contributing to the decline of one of the silent film era's most productive industries. A notable film shot and set in Melbourne during Australia's cinematic lull is On the Beach (1959). The 1970s saw the rise of the Australian New Wave and its Ozploitation offshoot, instigated by Melbourne-based productions Stork and Alvin Purple. Picnic at Hanging Rock and Mad Max, both shot in and around Melbourne, achieved worldwide acclaim. 2004 saw the construction of Melbourne's largest film and television studio complex, Docklands Studios Melbourne, which has hosted many domestic productions, as well as international features. Melbourne is also home to the headquarters of Village Roadshow Pictures, Australia's largest film production company. Famous modern day actors from Melbourne include Cate Blanchett, Rachel Griffiths, Guy Pearce, Geoffrey Rush and Eric Bana.

Q1: What was the world's first feature film?
A1: The Story of the Kelly Gang
Q2: In what city was the world's first feature film shot in 1906?
A2: Melbourne
Q3: Why were films banned by Victorian politicans in 1912?
A3: perceived promotion of crime
Q4: What year were bushranger films banned by Victorian politicians?
A4: 1912
Q5: In what "lull" year was On the Beach filmed?
A5: 1959
Residential architecture is not defined by a single architectural style, but rather an eclectic mix of houses, townhouses, condominiums, and apartment buildings in the metropolitan area (particularly in areas of urban sprawl). Free standing dwellings with relatively large gardens are perhaps the most common type of housing outside inner city Melbourne. Victorian terrace housing, townhouses and historic Italianate, Tudor revival and Neo-Georgian mansions are all common in neighbourhoods such as Toorak.

Q1: What are the most common type of housing outside inner city Melbourne?
A1: Free standing dwellings with relatively large gardens
Q2: Is residential architecture in Melbourne defined by a single architectural style or an eclectic mix of buildings?
A2: single architectural style
Q3: Are townhouses, condominiums, and apartment buildings found more prevalent in the metropolitan area or outside the city?
A3: metropolitan area (particularly in areas of urban sprawl)
Melbourne has a highly diversified economy with particular strengths in finance, manufacturing, research, IT, education, logistics, transportation and tourism. Melbourne houses the headquarters for many of Australia's largest corporations, including five of the ten largest in the country (based on revenue), and four of the largest six in the country (based on market capitalisation) (ANZ, BHP Billiton (the world's largest mining company), the National Australia Bank and Telstra), as well as such representative bodies and think tanks as the Business Council of Australia and the Australian Council of Trade Unions. Melbourne's suburbs also have the Head Offices of Wesfarmers companies Coles (including Liquorland), Bunnings, Target, K-Mart & Officeworks. The city is home to Australia's largest and busiest seaport which handles more than $75 billion in trade every year and 39% of the nation's container trade. Melbourne Airport provides an entry point for national and international visitors, and is Australia's second busiest airport.[citation needed]

Q1: In which areas does Melbourne's diversified economy have strengths?
A1: finance, manufacturing, research, IT, education, logistics, transportation and tourism
Q2: Which city is home to Australia's largest and busiest seaport?
A2: Melbourne
Q3: Which company is the world's largest mining company?
A3: BHP Billiton
Q4: Which city is home to Australia's second busiest airport?
A4: Melbourne
Q5: How much money in trade does Australia's largest and busiest seaport handle?
A5: $75 billion
Melbourne has the largest Greek-speaking population outside of Europe, a population comparable to some larger Greek cities like Larissa and Volos. Thessaloniki is Melbourne's Greek sister city. The Vietnamese surname Nguyen is the second most common in Melbourne's phone book after Smith. The city also features substantial Indian, Sri Lankan, and Malaysian-born communities, in addition to recent South African and Sudanese influxes. The cultural diversity is reflected in the city's restaurants that serve international cuisines.

Q1: Which city has the largest Greek-speaking population outside of Europe?
A1: Melbourne
Q2: What is the most common surname in Melbourne's phone book?
A2: Smith
Q3: Which city in Greece is Melbourne's sister city?
A3: Thessaloniki
Q4: What is the secondmost common surname in Melbourne's phone book?
A4: Nguyen
Melbourne universities have campuses all over Australia and some internationally. Swinburne University has campuses in Malaysia, while Monash has a research centre based in Prato, Italy. The University of Melbourne, the second oldest university in Australia, was ranked first among Australian universities in the 2010 THES international rankings. The 2012–2013 Times Higher Education Supplement ranked the University of Melbourne as the 28th (30th by QS ranking) best university in the world. Monash University was ranked as the 99th (60th by QS ranking) best university in the world. Both universities are members of the Group of Eight, a coalition of leading Australian tertiary institutions offering comprehensive and leading education.

Q1: Which Melbourne based university has campuses in Malaysia?
A1: Swinburne University
Q2: Which university is the second oldest in Australia?
A2: The University of Melbourne
Q3: Which Melbourne based college has a research centre in Prato, Italy?
A3: Monash
Q4: What is the Group of Eight?
A4: a coalition of leading Australian tertiary institutions offering comprehensive and leading education
A long list of AM and FM radio stations broadcast to greater Melbourne. These include "public" (i.e., state-owned ABC and SBS) and community stations. Many commercial stations are networked-owned: DMG has Nova 100 and Smooth; ARN controls Gold 104.3 and KIIS 101.1; and Southern Cross Austereo runs both Fox and Triple M. Stations from towns in regional Victoria may also be heard (e.g. 93.9 Bay FM, Geelong). Youth alternatives include ABC Triple J and youth run SYN. Triple J, and similarly PBS and Triple R, strive to play under represented music. JOY 94.9 caters for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender audiences. For fans of classical music there are 3MBS and ABC Classic FM. Light FM is a contemporary Christian station. AM stations include ABC: 774, Radio National, and News Radio; also Fairfax affiliates 3AW (talk) and Magic (easy listening). For sport fans and enthusiasts there is SEN 1116. Melbourne has many community run stations that serve alternative interests, such as 3CR and 3KND (Indigenous). Many suburbs have low powered community run stations serving local audiences.

Q1: What are examples of Youth radio stations?
A1: ABC Triple J and youth run SYN
Q2: Which music stations strive to play under represented music?
A2: Triple J, and similarly PBS and Triple R
Q3: Which radio station caters for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender audiences?
A3: JOY 94.9
Q4: Which station caters to sports fans and enthusiasts?
A4: SEN 1116
Q5: 3MBS and ABC Classic FM play what type of music?
A5: classical
Melbourne has the largest tram network in the world which had its origins in the city's 1880s land boom. In 2013–2014, 176.9 million passenger trips were made by tram. Melbourne's is Australia's only tram network to comprise more than a single line and consists of 250 km (155.3 mi) of track, 487 trams, 25 routes, and 1,763 tram stops. Around 80 per cent of Melbourne's tram network shares road space with other vehicles, while the rest of the network is separated or are light rail routes. Melbourne's trams are recognised as iconic cultural assets and a tourist attraction. Heritage trams operate on the free City Circle route, intended for visitors to Melbourne, and heritage restaurant trams travel through the city and surrounding areas during the evening. Melbourne is currently building 50 new E Class trams with some already in service in 2014. The E Class trams are about 30 metres long and are superior to the C2 class tram of similar length. Melbourne's bus network consists of almost 300 routes which mainly service the outer suburbs and fill the gaps in the network between rail and tram services. 127.6 million passenger trips were recorded on Melbourne's buses in 2013–2014, an increase of 10.2 percent on the previous year.

Q1: What are the origins of Melbourne's tram network?
A1: the city's 1880s land boom
Q2: How many passenger trips were made by tram in Melbourne between 2013-2014?
A2: 176.9 million
Q3: How many tram stops are on Melbourne's tram network?
A3: 1,763
Q4: How many routes does Melbourne's bus network consist of?
A4: almost 300
Q5: How many passenger trips were recorded on Melbourne's buses in 2013-2014
A5: 127.6 million
John was born to Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine on 24 December 1166. Henry had inherited significant territories along the Atlantic seaboard—Anjou, Normandy and England—and expanded his empire by conquering Brittany. Henry married the powerful Eleanor of Aquitaine, who reigned over the Duchy of Aquitaine and had a tenuous claim to Toulouse and Auvergne in southern France, in addition to being the former wife of Louis VII of France. The result was the Angevin Empire, named after Henry's paternal title as Count of Anjou and, more specifically, its seat in Angers.[nb 2] The Empire, however, was inherently fragile: although all the lands owed allegiance to Henry, the disparate parts each had their own histories, traditions and governance structures. As one moved south through Anjou and Aquitaine, the extent of Henry's power in the provinces diminished considerably, scarcely resembling the modern concept of an empire at all. Some of the traditional ties between parts of the empire such as Normandy and England were slowly dissolving over time. It was unclear what would happen to the empire on Henry's death. Although the custom of primogeniture, under which an eldest son would inherit all his father's lands, was slowly becoming more widespread across Europe, it was less popular amongst the Norman kings of England. Most believed that Henry would divide the empire, giving each son a substantial portion, and hoping that his children would continue to work together as allies after his death. To complicate matters, much of the Angevin empire was held by Henry only as a vassal of the King of France of the rival line of the House of Capet. Henry had often allied himself with the Holy Roman Emperor against France, making the feudal relationship even more challenging.

Q1: When was John born?
A1: 24 December 1166
Q2: Who did Henry marry?
A2: Eleanor of Aquitaine
Q3: Who was Henry's ally?
A3: Holy Roman Emperor
In 1173 John's elder brothers, backed by Eleanor, rose in revolt against Henry in the short-lived rebellion of 1173 to 1174. Growing irritated with his subordinate position to Henry II and increasingly worried that John might be given additional lands and castles at his expense, Henry the Young King travelled to Paris and allied himself with Louis VII. Eleanor, irritated by her husband's persistent interference in Aquitaine, encouraged Richard and Geoffrey to join their brother Henry in Paris. Henry II triumphed over the coalition of his sons, but was generous to them in the peace settlement agreed at Montlouis. Henry the Young King was allowed to travel widely in Europe with his own household of knights, Richard was given Aquitaine back, and Geoffrey was allowed to return to Brittany; only Eleanor was imprisoned for her role in the revolt.

Q1: Who backed John's elder brothers?
A1: Eleanor
Q2: Where did Henry travel to?
A2: Paris
Q3: Who returned to Brittany?
A3: Geoffrey
Q4: Who was imprisoned?
A4: Eleanor
After Richard's death on 6 April 1199 there were two potential claimants to the Angevin throne: John, whose claim rested on being the sole surviving son of Henry II, and young Arthur I of Brittany, who held a claim as the son of John's elder brother Geoffrey. Richard appears to have started to recognise John as his heir presumptive in the final years before his death, but the matter was not clear-cut and medieval law gave little guidance as to how the competing claims should be decided. With Norman law favouring John as the only surviving son of Henry II and Angevin law favouring Arthur as the only son of Henry's elder son, the matter rapidly became an open conflict. John was supported by the bulk of the English and Norman nobility and was crowned at Westminster, backed by his mother, Eleanor. Arthur was supported by the majority of the Breton, Maine and Anjou nobles and received the support of Philip II, who remained committed to breaking up the Angevin territories on the continent. With Arthur's army pressing up the Loire valley towards Angers and Philip's forces moving down the valley towards Tours, John's continental empire was in danger of being cut in two.

Q1: When did Richard die?
A1: 6 April 1199
Q2: Who was the sole surviving son?
A2: John
Q3: Where was John crowned?
A3: Westminster
Q4: Whose army pressed up the Loire valley?
A4: Arthur