romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
While the Federal District was ruled by the federal government through an appointed governor, the municipalities within it were autonomous, and this duality of powers created tension between the municipalities and the federal government for more than a century. In 1903, Porfirio Díaz largely reduced the powers of the municipalities within the Federal District. Eventually, in December 1928, the federal government decided to abolish all the municipalities of the Federal District. In place of the municipalities, the Federal District was divided into one "Central Department" and 13 delegaciones (boroughs) administered directly by the government of the Federal District. The Central Department was integrated by the former municipalities of Mexico City, Tacuba, Tacubaya and Mixcoac.

Q1: When were the powers of the municipalities of Mexico City first reduced?
A1: 1903
Q2: When was the autonomy of the municipalities eliminated?
A2: 1928
Q3: How many boroughs did the city consist of when they were first established?
A3: 13
Q4: Who first reduced the power of the municipalities of Mexico City?
A4: Porfirio Díaz
Q5: Who led Mexico City?
A5: an appointed governor
In 1941, the General Anaya borough was merged to the Central Department, which was then renamed "Mexico City" (thus reviving the name, but not the autonomous municipality). From 1941 to 1970, the Federal District comprised twelve delegaciones and Mexico City. In 1970 Mexico City was split into four different delegaciones: Cuauhtémoc, Miguel Hidalgo, Venustiano Carranza and Benito Juárez, increasing the number of delegaciones to sixteen. Since then, in a de facto manner, the whole Federal District, whose delegaciones had by then almost formed a single urban area, began to be considered a synonym of Mexico City.

Q1: When was the General Anaya borough officially merged into Mexico City?
A1: 1941
Q2: How man boroughs was the borough of Mexico City split into in 1970?
A2: four
Q3: How many districts does the federal government control in 1970?
A3: sixteen
Q4: Which boroughs was the Mexico City borough split into?
A4: Cuauhtémoc, Miguel Hidalgo, Venustiano Carranza and Benito Juárez
Mexico City, being the seat of the powers of the Union, did not belong to any particular state but to all. Therefore, it was the president, representing the federation, who used to designate the head of government of the Federal District, a position which is sometimes presented outside Mexico as the "Mayor" of Mexico City.[citation needed] In the 1980s, given the dramatic increase in population of the previous decades, the inherent political inconsistencies of the system, as well as the dissatisfaction with the inadequate response of the federal government after the 1985 earthquake, residents began to request political and administrative autonomy to manage their local affairs.[citation needed] Some political groups even proposed that the Federal District be converted into the 32nd state of the federation.

Q1: If Mexico City was declared a state, how many states would be in the federation?
A1: 32
Q2: What event caused the citizens to reconsider how the government of Mexico City was set up?
A2: the 1985 earthquake
Q3: What do people call the leader of Mexico City?
A3: Mayor
Q4: Who declared the "Mayor" of Mexico City?
A4: the president
Q5: What state does Mexico City belong to?
A5: all
In response to the demands, in 1987 the Federal District received a greater degree of autonomy, with the elaboration the first Statute of Government (Estatuto de Gobierno), and the creation of an Assembly of Representatives.[citation needed] In the 1990s, this autonomy was further expanded and, starting from 1997, residents can directly elect the head of government of the Federal District and the representatives of a unicameral Legislative Assembly (which succeeded the previous Assembly) by popular vote.

Q1: When did the Federal District receive more power?
A1: 1987
Q2: When did citizens receive the right to elect the head of the Federal District?
A2: 1997
Q3: How is the leader of Mexico City now established?
A3: popular vote
Q4: What gave the Federal District more autonomy?
A4: first Statute of Government
The first elected head of government was Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas. Cárdenas resigned in 1999 to run in the 2000 presidential elections and designated Rosario Robles to succeed him, who became the first woman (elected or otherwise) to govern Mexico City. In 2000 Andrés Manuel López Obrador was elected, and resigned in 2005 to run in the 2006 presidential elections, Alejandro Encinas being designated by the Legislative Assembly to finish the term. In 2006, Marcelo Ebrard was elected for the 2006–2012 period.

Q1: Who was elected to be the head of government in 2006?
A1: Marcelo Ebrard
Q2: Why did the first elected head of government of Mexico City resign?
A2: to run in the 2000 presidential elections
Q3: Who was the second head of government elected?
A3: Andrés Manuel López Obrador
Q4: Who was head of government after the first elected head of government?
A4: Rosario Robles
Q5: Who was the first woman to run Mexico City?
A5: Rosario Robles
The Legislative Assembly of the Federal District is formed, as it is the case in all legislatures in Mexico, by both single-seat and proportional seats, making it a system of parallel voting. The Federal District is divided into 40 electoral constituencies of similar population which elect one representative by first-past-the-post plurality (FPP), locally called "uninominal deputies". The Federal District as a whole constitutes a single constituency for the parallel election of 26 representatives by proportionality (PR) with open-party lists, locally called "plurinominal deputies".

Q1: What is the local government of Mexico City called?
A1: The Legislative Assembly of the Federal District
Q2: How is the local government of Mexico City formed?
A2: parallel voting
Q3: What is the proportionality voting referred to in Mexico City?
A3: plurinominal deputies
Q4: How many representatives make up the Federal District?
A4: 26
Even though proportionality is confined to the proportional seats to prevent a part from being overrepresented, several restrictions apply in the assignation of the seats; namely, that no party can have more than 63% of all seats, both uninominal and plurinominal. In the 2006 elections leftist PRD got the absolute majority in the direct uninominal elections, securing 34 of the 40 FPP seats. As such, the PRD was not assigned any plurinominal seat to comply with the law that prevents over-representation. The overall composition of the Legislative Assembly is:

Q1: What is the maximum percentage of seats a single party can control?
A1: 63
Q2: How many seats of the uninominal elections did the PRD get in the 2006 elections?
A2: 34
Q3: Why does the government prevent more than 63% of a party to control the legislature?
A3: over-representation
The politics pursued by the administrations of heads of government in Mexico City since the second half of the 20th century have usually been more liberal than those of the rest of the country, whether with the support of the federal government—as was the case with the approval of several comprehensive environmental laws in the 1980s—or through laws recently approved by the Legislative Assembly. In April of the same year, the Legislative Assembly expanded provisions on abortions, becoming the first federal entity to expand abortion in Mexico beyond cases of rape and economic reasons, to permit it regardless of the reason should the mother request it before the twelfth week of pregnancy. In December 2009, the Federal District became the first city in Latin America, and one of very few in the world, to legalize same-sex marriage.

Q1: When was gay marriage legalized in Mexico City?
A1: December 2009
Q2: When were the economic laws passed in Mexico City?
A2: 1980s
Q3: What political leaning does Mexico City take?
A3: more liberal than those of the rest of the country
Q4: Compared to other cities in Latin America, how early did Mexico City legalize same sex marriage?
A4: first
For administrative purposes, the Federal District is divided into 16 "delegaciones" or boroughs. While not fully equivalent to a municipality, the 16 boroughs have gained significant autonomy, and since 2000 their heads of government are elected directly by plurality (they were previously appointed by the head of government of the Federal District). Given that Mexico City is organized entirely as a Federal District, most of the city services are provided or organized by the Government of the Federal District and not by the boroughs themselves, while in the constituent states these services would be provided by the municipalities. The 16 boroughs of the Federal District with their 2010 populations are:

Q1: How many boroughs make up Mexico City?
A1: 16
Q2: How are the heads of the boroughs elected?
A2: plurality
Q3: How were the heads of the boroughs originally established?
A3: appointed by the head of government of the Federal District
Q4: Who provides the city services?
A4: Government of the Federal District
Q5: When did election of borough heads begin?
A5: 2000
The boroughs are composed by hundreds of colonias or neighborhoods, which have no jurisdictional autonomy or representation. The Historic Center is the oldest part of the city (along with some other, formerly separate colonial towns such as Coyoacán and San Ángel), some of the buildings dating back to the 16th century. Other well-known central neighborhoods include Condesa, known for its Art Deco architecture and its restaurant scene; Colonia Roma, a beaux arts neighborhood and artistic and culinary hot-spot, the Zona Rosa, formerly the center of nightlife and restaurants, now reborn as the center of the LGBT and Korean-Mexican communities; and Tepito and La Lagunilla, known for their local working-class foklore and large flea markets. Santa María la Ribera and San Rafael are the latest neighborhoods of magnificent Porfiriato architecture seeing the first signs of gentrification.

Q1: What is the oldest part of the city?
A1: The Historic Center
Q2: How old are the oldest buildings in Mexico City?
A2: 16th century
Q3: What used to be the main party district of Mexico City?
A3: Zona Rosa
Q4: What is the center of the LGBT community in Mexico City?
A4: Art Deco architecture
Q5: What district is known for its Art Deco Architecture?
A5: Condesa
West of the Historic Center (Centro Histórico) along Paseo de la Reforma are many of the city's wealthiest neighborhoods such as Polanco, Lomas de Chapultepec, Bosques de las Lomas, Santa Fe, and (in the State of Mexico) Interlomas, which are also the city's most important areas of class A office space, corporate headquarters, skyscrapers and shopping malls. Nevertheless, areas of lower income colonias exist in some cases cheek-by-jowl with rich neighborhoods, particularly in the case of Santa Fe.

Q1: Where are many of the wealthy neighborhoods located?
A1: West of the Historic Center
Q2: What is the Mexican name for the historic center?
A2: Centro Histórico
Q3: Which rich neighborhood has a strong problem of impoverished lands around it?
A3: Santa Fe
Q4: Where are many of the corporate headquarters and other tall buildings located?
A4: along Paseo de la Reforma
The south of the city is home to some other high-income neighborhoods such as Colonia del Valle and Jardines del Pedregal, and the formerly separate colonial towns of Coyoacán, San Ángel, and San Jerónimo. Along Avenida Insurgentes from Paseo de la Reforma, near the center, south past the World Trade Center and UNAM university towards the Periférico ring road, is another important corridor of corporate office space. The far southern boroughs of Xochimilco and Tláhuac have a significant rural population with Milpa Alta being entirely rural.

Q1: What type of population lives in Tiahuac?
A1: rural
Q2: How is Milpa Alta constructed?
A2: entirely rural
Q3: Where is the World Trade Center?
A3: Along Avenida Insurgentes
Q4: What is the name of one of the rich neighborhoods south of the city?
A4: Colonia del Valle
North of the Historic Center, Azcapotzalco and Gustavo A. Madero have important industrial centers and neighborhoods that range from established middle-class colonias such as Claveria and Lindavista to huge low-income housing areas that share hillsides with adjacent municipalities in the State of Mexico. In recent years much of northern Mexico City's industry has moved to nearby municipalities in the State of Mexico. Northwest of Mexico City itself is Ciudad Satélite, a vast middle to upper-middle-class residential and business area.

Q1: Where is much of the industry now located?
A1: nearby municipalities in the State of Mexico
Q2: What is Ciudad Satelite?
A2: a vast middle to upper-middle-class residential and business area.
Q3: Where is Gustavo A. Madero?
A3: North of the Historic Center
The Human Development Index report of 2005  shows that there were three boroughs with a very high Human Development Index, 12 with a high HDI value (9 above .85) and one with a medium HDI value (almost high). Benito Juárez borough had the highest HDI of the country (.9510) followed by Miguel Hidalgo which came up 4th nationally with a HDI of (.9189) and Coyoacán (5th nationally) with a HDI value of (.9169). Cuajimalpa, Cuauhtémoc and Azcapotzalco had very high values; respectively .8994 (15th nationally),.8922 (23rd) and .8915 (25th).

Q1: How many boroughs had very high HDI scores in 2005?
A1: three
Q2: How many boroughs had high (not very high) HDI scores?
A2: 12
Q3: Which borough had the highest HDI score?
A3: Benito Juárez
Q4: What year was the report that said 3 boroughs had very high HDI scores?
A4: 2005
Q5: What borough was the second highest HDI score?
A5: Miguel Hidalgo
In contrast, the boroughs of Xochimilco (172th), Tláhuac (177th) and Iztapalapa (183th) presented the lowest HDI values of the Federal District with values of .8481, .8473 and .8464 respectively—values still in the global high-HDI range. The only borough that did not present a high HDI was that of rural Milpa Alta which presented a "medium" HDI of .7984, far below all other boroughs (627th nationally while the rest stood in the top 200). Mexico City's HDI for the 2005 report was of .9012 (very high), and its 2010 value of .9225 (very high) or (by newer methodology) .8307, and Mexico's highest.

Q1: What borough had the lowest HDI score in the federal district?
A1: Iztapalapa
Q2: Which borough had the lowest HDI score?
A2: Milpa Alta
Q3: What rank was Milpa Alta nationally in terms of HDI score?
A3: 627th
Q4: All boroughs except for Milpa Alta were in what ranking of HDI score?
A4: top 200
Q5: What score did Milpa Alta get on the HDI test?
A5: .7984
Mexico City is home to some of the best private hospitals in the country; Hospital Ángeles, Hospital ABC and Médica Sur to name a few. The national public healthcare institution for private-sector employees, IMSS, has its largest facilities in Mexico City—including the National Medical Center and the La Raza Medical Center—and has an annual budget of over 6 billion pesos. The IMSS and other public health institutions, including the ISSSTE (Public Sector Employees' Social Security Institute) and the National Health Ministry (SSA) maintain large specialty facilities in the city. These include the National Institutes of Cardiology, Nutrition, Psychiatry, Oncology, Pediatrics, Rehabilitation, among others.

Q1: How large is the budget of the IMSS?
A1: over 6 billion pesos
Q2: What is the name of one of the great hospitals in Mexico City?
A2: Hospital Ángeles
Q3: What is an organization that has a large presence in the city?
A3: National Health Ministry (SSA)
Q4: What is the name of a large facility run by the IMSS in Mexico City?
A4: National Medical Center
The World Bank has sponsored a project to curb air pollution through public transport improvements and the Mexican government has started shutting down polluting factories. They have phased out diesel buses and mandated new emission controls on new cars; since 1993 all new cars must be fitted with a catalytic converter, which reduces the emissions released. Trucks must use only liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Also construction of an underground rail system was begun in 1968 in order to help curb air pollution problems and alleviate traffic congestion. Today it has over 201 km (125 mi) of track and carries over 5 million people every day. Fees are kept low to encourage use of the system and during rush hours the crush is so great, that authorities have reserved a special carriage specifically for women. Due to these initiatives and others, the air quality in Mexico City has begun to improve, with the air becoming cleaner since 1991, when the air quality was declared to be a public health risk for 355 days of the year.[citation needed]

Q1: What do new cars in Mexico need to have?
A1: catalytic converter
Q2: When did the underground rail system begin construction?
A2: 1968
Q3: How many people ride the Mexico city subway system each day?
A3: 5 million people
Q4: How many days of the year in 1991 was the air pollution a serious health risk?
A4: 355
Q5: What is one way the government helps with the "Crush" of the rush hour riding of the subway system?
A5: reserved a special carriage specifically for women
Mexico City is one of the most important economic hubs in Latin America. The city proper (Federal District) produces 15.8% of the country's gross domestic product. According to a study conducted by PwC, Mexico City had a GDP of $390 billion, ranking it as the eighth richest city in the world after the greater metropolitan areas of Tokyo, New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Paris, London and Osaka/Kobe (and the richest in the whole of Latin America). Excluding the rest of the Mexican economy, Mexico City alone would rank as the 30th largest economy in the world. Mexico City is the greatest contributor to the country's industrial GDP (15.8%) and also the greatest contributor to the country's GDP in the service sector (25.3%). Due to the limited non-urbanized space at the south—most of which is protected through environmental laws—the contribution of the Federal District in agriculture is the smallest of all federal entities in the country. Mexico City has one of the world's fastest-growing economies and its GDP is set to double by 2020.

Q1: What percentage of the National GDP does the Federal District produce?
A1: 15.8
Q2: What is the GDP of Mexico City?
A2: $390 billion
Q3: What ranking in terms of GDP is Mexico City globally?
A3: eighth
Q4: What percentage of service sector national GDP does Mexico City account for?
A4: 25.3
Q5: By what year will the Mexico City GDP double by, according to research?
A5: 2020
The economic reforms of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari had a tremendous effect on the city, as a number of businesses, including banks and airlines, were privatized. He also signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This led to decentralization and a shift in Mexico City's economic base, from manufacturing to services, as most factories moved away to either the State of Mexico, or more commonly to the northern border. By contrast, corporate office buildings set their base in the city.

Q1: Who privatized the airlines of Mexico?
A1: President Carlos Salinas de Gortari
Q2: Who signed NAFTA for Mexico?
A2: President Carlos Salinas de Gortari
Q3: What did NAFTA do to the businesses in Mexico City?
A3: led to decentralization and a shift in Mexico City's economic base, from manufacturing to services
Q4: Where did the factories of Mexico City move to most commonly?
A4: northern border
Historically, and since pre-Hispanic times, the Valley of Anahuac has been one of the most densely populated areas in Mexico. When the Federal District was created in 1824, the urban area of Mexico City extended approximately to the area of today's Cuauhtémoc borough. At the beginning of the 20th century, the elites began migrating to the south and west and soon the small towns of Mixcoac and San Ángel were incorporated by the growing conurbation. According to the 1921 census, 54.78% of the city's population was considered Mestizo (Indigenous mixed with European), 22.79% considered European, and 18.74% considered Indigenous. This was the last Mexican Census which asked people to self-identify themselves with an heritage other than Amerindian. However, the census had the particularity that, unlike racial/ethnic census in other countries, it was focused in the perception of cultural heritage rather than in a racial perception, leading to a good number of white people to identify with "Mixed heritage" due cultural influence. In 1921, Mexico City had less than one million inhabitants.

Q1: in 1921, what percent of Mexico City's population Mestizo?
A1: 54.78
Q2: How many people lived in Mexico City in 1921?
A2: less than one million
Q3: What percentage of Mexico City's population was indigenous in 1921?
A3: 18.74
Up to the 1990s, the Federal District was the most populous federal entity in Mexico, but since then its population has remained stable at around 8.7 million. The growth of the city has extended beyond the limits of the Federal District to 59 municipalities of the state of Mexico and 1 in the state of Hidalgo. With a population of approximately 19.8 million inhabitants (2008), it is one of the most populous conurbations in the world. Nonetheless, the annual rate of growth of the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City is much lower than that of other large urban agglomerations in Mexico, a phenomenon most likely attributable to the environmental policy of decentralization. The net migration rate of the Federal District from 1995 to 2000 was negative.

Q1: How many people live in the Federal District?
A1: 8.7 million
Q2: What is the overall population of Mexico City in 2008?
A2: 19.8 million
Q3: What was the migration rate of Mexico City from 95-2000?
A3: negative
Q4: Compared to other cities in Mexico, Mexico City's growth is?
A4: much lower
On the other hand, Mexico City is also home to large communities of expatriates and immigrants, most notably from the rest of North America (U.S. and Canada), from South America (mainly from Argentina and Colombia, but also from Brazil, Chile, Uruguay and Venezuela), from Central America and the Caribbean (mainly from Cuba, Guatemala, El Salvador, Haiti and Honduras); from Europe (mainly from Spain, Germany and Switzerland, but also from Czech Republic, Hungary, France, Italy, Ireland, the Netherlands, Poland and Romania), from the Middle East (mainly from Egypt, Lebanon and Syria); and recently from Asia-Pacific (mainly from China and South Korea). Historically since the era of New Spain, many Filipinos settled in the city and have become integrated in Mexican society. While no official figures have been reported, population estimates of each of these communities are quite significant.

Q1: What countries do most of the South American immigrants come from?
A1: Argentina and Colombia
Q2: Where do most of the Asian immigrants come from?
A2: China and South Korea
Q3: When did Filipinos start migrating to Mexico City?
A3: since the era of New Spain
The Historic center of Mexico City (Centro Histórico) and the "floating gardens" of Xochimilco in the southern borough have been declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. Famous landmarks in the Historic Center include the Plaza de la Constitución (Zócalo), the main central square with its epoch-contrasting Spanish-era Metropolitan Cathedral and National Palace, ancient Aztec temple ruins Templo Mayor ("Major Temple") and modern structures, all within a few steps of one another. (The Templo Mayor was discovered in 1978 while workers were digging to place underground electric cables).

Q1: Who designated the floating gardens as a World Heritage site?
A1: UNESCO
Q2: The Historic Center and the floating gardens are both examples of what?
A2: World Heritage Sites
Q3: When was the Templo Mayor found?
A3: 1978
Q4: How was Templo Mayor discovered?
A4: workers were digging to place underground electric cables