romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt considered the most important centre of the maritime transport in the Middle East, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869 after 10 years of construction work, it allows ship transport between Europe and Asia without navigation around Africa. The northern terminus is Port Said and the southern terminus is Port Tawfiq at the city of Suez. Ismailia lies on its west bank, 3 km (1.9 mi) from the half-way point.

Q1: What is consideredt the most important part of maritime transport in middle east?
A1: The Suez Canal
Q2: Is the Suez Canal natural?
A2: artificial sea-level waterway
Q3: What 2 bodies of water does Suez connect?
A3: Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea
Q4: When was Suez canal completed?
A4: November 1869
The canal is 193.30 km (120.11 mi) long, 24 m (79 ft) deep and 205 metres (673 ft) wide as of 2010. It consists of the northern access channel of 22 km (14 mi), the canal itself of 162.25 km (100.82 mi) and the southern access channel of 9 km (5.6 mi). The canal is a single lane with passing places in the "Ballah By-Pass" and the Great Bitter Lake. It contains no locks; seawater flows freely through the canal. In general, the canal north of the Bitter Lakes flows north in winter and south in summer. The current south of the lakes changes with the tide at Suez.

Q1: How long is Suez canal?
A1: 193.30 km (120.11 mi)
Q2: How deep is Suez canal?
A2: 24 m (79 ft)
Q3: How wide is Suez canal?
A3: 205 metres (673 ft)
Q4: How many locks are contained in Suez Canal?
A4: no locks
Q5: What direction does the canal north of Bitter lakes flow?
A5: north in winter and south in summer
Drinking water supply and sanitation in Egypt is characterised by both achievements and challenges. Among the achievements are an increase of piped water supply between 1990 and 2010 from 89% to 100% in urban areas and from 39% to 93% in rural areas despite rapid population growth, the elimination of open defecation in rural areas during the same period, and in general a relatively high level of investment in infrastructure. Access to an improved water source in Egypt is now practically universal with a rate of 99%. About one half of the population is connected to sanitary sewers.

Q1: What basic part of civilization has been characterized by achievement and challenges?
A1: Drinking water supply and sanitation
Q2: From 1990 to 2010 what was improvement in piped water supply to urban areas?
A2: 89% to 100%
Q3: From 1990 to 2010 what was improvement in piped water supply to rural areas?
A3: 39% to 93%
Q4: Currently how much of Egypt's population is connected to sanitary sewers?
A4: 99%
Partly because of low sanitation coverage about 17,000 children die each year because of diarrhoea. Another challenge is low cost recovery due to water tariffs that are among the lowest in the world. This in turn requires government subsidies even for operating costs, a situation that has been aggravated by salary increases without tariff increases after the Arab Spring. Poor operation of facilities, such as water and wastewater treatment plants, as well as limited government accountability and transparency, are also issues.

Q1: Because of low sanitation coverage 17,000 Egyptian children to die each year from what condition?
A1: diarrhoea
Q2: Relative to other countries of world how do Egypts's water tariffs compare?
A2: among the lowest in the world
Q3: Due to low waer tariffs, what is required to maintain water treatment operation?
A3: government subsidies
Ethnic Egyptians are by far the largest ethnic group in the country, constituting 91% of the total population. Ethnic minorities include the Abazas, Turks, Greeks, Bedouin Arab tribes living in the eastern deserts and the Sinai Peninsula, the Berber-speaking Siwis (Amazigh) of the Siwa Oasis, and the Nubian communities clustered along the Nile. There are also tribal Beja communities concentrated in the south-eastern-most corner of the country, and a number of Dom clans mostly in the Nile Delta and Faiyum who are progressively becoming assimilated as urbanisation increases.

Q1: What is the largest ethnic group in Egypt?
A1: Ethnic Egyptians
Q2: What are the minorities that live in eastern deserts of Egypt?
A2: Abazas, Turks, Greeks, Bedouin Arab tribes
Q3: Where are Dom clans mostly gathered?
A3: Nile Delta and Faiyum
Egypt also hosts an unknown number of refugees and asylum seekers, estimated to be between 500,000 and 3 million. There are some 70,000 Palestinian refugees, and about 150,000 recently arrived Iraqi refugees, but the number of the largest group, the Sudanese, is contested.[nb 1] The once-vibrant and ancient Greek and Jewish communities in Egypt have almost disappeared, with only a small number remaining in the country, but many Egyptian Jews visit on religious or other occasions and tourism. Several important Jewish archaeological and historical sites are found in Cairo, Alexandria and other cities.

Q1: Approximately how many rufugees and asylum seekers are in Egypt?
A1: between 500,000 and 3 million
Q2: What cities house several important Jewish archaelogical sites?
A2: Cairo, Alexandria and other cities
Q3: How may Palestinian refugees are in Egypt?
A3: 70,000
Q4: How many recent Iraqi refugees are in Egypt?
A4: 150,000
The official language of the Republic is Modern Standard Arabic. Arabic was adopted by the Egyptians after the Arab invasion of Egypt. The spoken languages are: Egyptian Arabic (68%), Sa'idi Arabic (29%), Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic (1.6%), Sudanese Arabic (0.6%), Domari (0.3%), Nobiin (0.3%), Beja (0.1%), Siwi and others. Additionally, Greek, Armenian and Italian are the main languages of immigrants. In Alexandria in the 19th century there was a large community of Italian Egyptians and Italian was the "lingua franca" of the city.

Q1: What is official language of Egypt?
A1: Modern Standard Arabic
Q2: What are main laguages of immigrants?
A2: Greek, Armenian and Italian
Q3: In the 19th century, what city of Egypt was a large community of Italian Egyptians?
A3: Alexandria
Q4: What are the three most spoken languages in Egypt?
A4: Egyptian Arabic (68%), Sa'idi Arabic (29%), Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic (1.6%)
Although Egypt was a majority Christian country before the 7th Century, after Islam arrived, the country was slowly Islamified to become a majority Muslim country. Egypt emerged as a centre of politics and culture in the Muslim world. Under Anwar Sadat, Islam became the official state religion and Sharia the main source of law. It is estimated that 15 million Egyptians follow Native Sufi orders, with the Sufi leadership asserting that the numbers are much greater as many Egyptian Sufis are not officially registered with a Sufi order.

Q1: Prior to 7th century, what was primary religion of Egypt?
A1: Christian
Q2: What became the main source of law with increasing Islamic influence in Egypt?
A2: Sharia
Q3: Under what leader did Islam become official religion of Egypt?
A3: Anwar Sadat
Of the Christian minority in Egypt over 90% belong to the native Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, an Oriental Orthodox Christian Church. Other native Egyptian Christians are adherents of the Coptic Catholic Church, the Evangelical Church of Egypt and various other Protestant denominations. Non-native Christian communities are largely found in the urban regions of Cairo and Alexandria, such as the Syro-Lebanese, who belong to Greek Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Maronite Catholic denominations.

Q1: What church do 90% of Christian minority in Egypt belong?
A1: Coptic Orthodox Church
Q2: Where are other Non-native Christian communities found?
A2: urban regions of Cairo and Alexandria
Q3: What do Syro-Lebanese belong to?
A3: Greek Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Maronite Catholic denominations
Egypt recognises only three religions: Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. Other faiths and minority Muslim sects practised by Egyptians, such as the small Bahá'í and Ahmadi community, are not recognised by the state and face persecution since they are labelled as far right groups that threaten Egypt's national security. Individuals, particularly Baha'is and atheists, wishing to include their religion (or lack thereof) on their mandatory state issued identification cards are denied this ability (see Egyptian identification card controversy), and are put in the position of either not obtaining required identification or lying about their faith. A 2008 court ruling allowed members of unrecognised faiths to obtain identification and leave the religion field blank.

Q1: What 3 religions does Egypt recognise?
A1: Islam, Christianity, and Judaism
Q2: What recognition do Baha'i and Hmadi community get from Egyptian government?
A2: are not recognised by the state
Q3: Until what year did some minorities need to lie about religion or not get mandatory state issued ID?
A3: 2008
The Egyptians were one of the first major civilisations to codify design elements in art and architecture. Egyptian blue, also known as calcium copper silicate is a pigment used by Egyptians for thousands of years. It is considered to be the first synthetic pigment. The wall paintings done in the service of the Pharaohs followed a rigid code of visual rules and meanings. Egyptian civilisation is renowned for its colossal pyramids, temples and monumental tombs. Well-known examples are the Pyramid of Djoser designed by ancient architect and engineer Imhotep, the Sphinx, and the temple of Abu Simbel. Modern and contemporary Egyptian art can be as diverse as any works in the world art scene, from the vernacular architecture of Hassan Fathy and Ramses Wissa Wassef, to Mahmoud Mokhtar's sculptures, to the distinctive Coptic iconography of Isaac Fanous. The Cairo Opera House serves as the main performing arts venue in the Egyptian capital.

Q1: What color was frequently used in Egyptian designs?
A1: Egyptian blue
Q2: What art required adherence to rigid code?
A2: wall paintings done in the service of the Pharaohs
Q3: What is the main performing arts venue in Egyptian capital?
A3: The Cairo Opera House
Q4: Who designed the Pyramid of Djoser?
A4: Imhotep
Egyptian literature traces its beginnings to ancient Egypt and is some of the earliest known literature. Indeed, the Egyptians were the first culture to develop literature as we know it today, that is, the book. It is an important cultural element in the life of Egypt. Egyptian novelists and poets were among the first to experiment with modern styles of Arabic literature, and the forms they developed have been widely imitated throughout the Middle East. The first modern Egyptian novel Zaynab by Muhammad Husayn Haykal was published in 1913 in the Egyptian vernacular. Egyptian novelist Naguib Mahfouz was the first Arabic-language writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Egyptian women writers include Nawal El Saadawi, well known for her feminist activism, and Alifa Rifaat who also writes about women and tradition.

Q1: Who was the first to develop literature?
A1: Egyptians
Q2: What syles did writers in Arabic literature experiment with first?
A2: modern styles
Q3: What was the first modern Egyptian novel?
A3: Zaynab
Q4: When was Munammad Huayn Haykal's first modern novel published?
A4: 1913
Egyptian cinema became a regional force with the coming of sound. In 1936, Studio Misr, financed by industrialist Talaat Harb, emerged as the leading Egyptian studio, a role the company retained for three decades. For over 100 years, more than 4000 films have been produced in Egypt, three quarters of the total Arab production.[citation needed] Egypt is considered the leading country in the field of cinema in the Middle East. Actors from all over the Arab World seek to appear in the Egyptian cinema for the sake of fame. The Cairo International Film Festival has been rated as one of 11 festivals with a top class rating worldwide by the International Federation of Film Producers' Associations.

Q1: Who financed Studio Misr?
A1: Talaat Harb
Q2: In more that 100 years how many films have been produced in Egypt?
A2: 4000 films
Q3: In what year was Studio Misr founded?
A3: 1936
Q4: What share of Arab productions have come from Egypt?
A4: three quarters
Egyptian music is a rich mixture of indigenous, Mediterranean, African and Western elements. It has been an integral part of Egyptian culture since antiquity. The ancient Egyptians credited one of their gods Hathor with the invention of music, which Osiris in turn used as part of his effort to civilise the world. Egyptians used music instruments since then. Contemporary Egyptian music traces its beginnings to the creative work of people such as Abdu El Hamouli, Almaz and Mahmoud Osman, who influenced the later work of Sayed Darwish, Umm Kulthum, Mohammed Abdel Wahab and Abdel Halim Hafez whose age is considered the golden age of music in Egypt and the whole Middle East and North-Africa. Prominent contemporary Egyptian pop singers include Amr Diab and Mohamed Mounir.

Q1: What elements mix for Egyptian music?
A1: indigenous, Mediterranean, African and Western
Q2: Who is credited with invention of music by ancient Egyptians?
A2: Hathor
Q3: What artist are considered the golden age of Egyptian music?
A3: Abdu El Hamouli, Almaz and Mahmoud Osman, who influenced the later work of Sayed Darwish, Umm Kulthum, Mohammed Abdel Wahab and Abdel Halim Hafez
Q4: What is more contemporary Egyptian Pop Singer?
A4: Amr Diab and Mohamed Mounir
Egypt has one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages. Because of this wide variation of ages, the continuous contact with other nations and the big number of conflicts Egypt had been through, at least 60 museums may be found in Egypt, mainly covering a wide area of these ages and conflicts.

Q1: What is the oldest era in Egypt?
A1: prehistoric
Q2: How many museums are found in Egypt?
A2: at least 60
Q3: What are some examples of Ages in Egypt?
A3: Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic
Some consider koshari (a mixture of rice, lentils, and macaroni) to be the national dish. Fried onions can be also added to koshari. In addition, ful medames (mashed fava beans) is one of the most popular dishes. Fava bean is also used in making falafel (also known as "ta'meyya"), which may have originated in Egypt and spread to other parts of the Middle East. Garlic fried with coriander is added to mulukhiyya, a popular green soup made from finely chopped jute leaves, sometimes with chicken or rabbit.

Q1: What is koshari?
A1: mixture of rice, lentils, and macaroni
Q2: What can be added to koshari?
A2: Fried onions
Q3: What is a polular green soup of Egypt?
A3: mulukhiyya
Q4: What beans are used to make falafel?
A4: Fava bean
Football is the most popular national sport of Egypt. The Cairo Derby is one of the fiercest derbies in Africa, and the BBC picked it as one of the 7 toughest derbies in the world. Al Ahly is the most successful club of the 20th century in the African continent according to CAF, closely followed by their rivals Zamalek SC. Al Ahly was named in 2000 by the Confederation of African Football as the "African Club of the Century". With twenty titles, Al Ahly is currently the world's most successful club in terms of international trophies, surpassing Italy's A.C. Milan and Argentina's Boca Juniors, both having eighteen.

Q1: What is the most popular sport in Egypt?
A1: Football
Q2: What is one of the toughest derbies in the world, run in Egypt?
A2: The Cairo Derby
Q3: In terms of international trophies, whos is the most successful club?
A3: Al Ahly
Egypt has hosted several international competitions. the last one was 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup which took place between 24 September - 16 October 2009. On Friday 19 September of the year 2014, Guinness World Records has announced that Egyptian scuba diver Ahmed Gabr is the new title holder for deepest salt water scuba dive, at 332.35 metres. Ahmed set a new world record Friday when he reached a depth of more than 1,000 feet. The 14-hour feat took Gabr 1,066 feet down into the abyss near the Egyptian town of Dahab in ther Red Sea, where he works as a diving instructor.

Q1: What was the last international competition Egypt hosted?
A1: 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup
Q2: Who holds Guiness record for Deepest salt water scuba dive?
A2: Ahmed Gabr
Q3: How deep did Gabr dive?
A3: 1,066 feet down
Q4: In what body of water did Gabr dive?
A4: Red Sea
Mosaic has a long history, starting in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC. Pebble mosaics were made in Tiryns in Mycenean Greece; mosaics with patterns and pictures became widespread in classical times, both in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Early Christian basilicas from the 4th century onwards were decorated with wall and ceiling mosaics. Mosaic art flourished in the Byzantine Empire from the 6th to the 15th centuries; that tradition was adopted by the Norman kingdom in Sicily in the 12th century, by eastern-influenced Venice, and among the Rus in Ukraine. Mosaic fell out of fashion in the Renaissance, though artists like Raphael continued to practise the old technique. Roman and Byzantine influence led Jews to decorate 5th and 6th century synagogues in the Middle East with floor mosaics.

Q1: What millennium did Mosaic start?
A1: the 3rd millennium BC
Q2: What kind of mosaic were made in Tiryns?
A2: Pebble mosaics
Q3: Who besides the Romans did the Jewish people get influenced by?
A3: Byzantine
Q4: When did mosaic fall out of fashion?
A4: the Renaissance
Q5: The Norman kingdomwas in what italian city state?
A5: Sicily
Bronze age pebble mosaics have been found at Tiryns; mosaics of the 4th century BC are found in the Macedonian palace-city of Aegae, and the 4th-century BC mosaic of The Beauty of Durrës discovered in Durrës, Albania in 1916, is an early figural example; the Greek figural style was mostly formed in the 3rd century BC. Mythological subjects, or scenes of hunting or other pursuits of the wealthy, were popular as the centrepieces of a larger geometric design, with strongly emphasized borders. Pliny the Elder mentions the artist Sosus of Pergamon by name, describing his mosaics of the food left on a floor after a feast and of a group of doves drinking from a bowl. Both of these themes were widely copied.

Q1: The pebble mosaics found at Tiyns are from what age?
A1: Bronze age
Q2: The Beauty of Durres is in what country?
A2: Albania
Q3: The famous artists Sosus was from what area?
A3: Pergamon
Q4: When was the Greek figure style mostly formed?
A4: the 3rd century BC
Q5: When was the famous mosaic "The Beauty of Durres" created?
A5: the 4th-century BC
Greek figural mosaics could have been copied or adapted paintings, a far more prestigious artform, and the style was enthusiastically adopted by the Romans so that large floor mosaics enriched the floors of Hellenistic villas and Roman dwellings from Britain to Dura-Europos. Most recorded names of Roman mosaic workers are Greek, suggesting they dominated high quality work across the empire; no doubt most ordinary craftsmen were slaves. Splendid mosaic floors are found in Roman villas across North Africa, in places such as Carthage, and can still be seen in the extensive collection in Bardo Museum in Tunis, Tunisia.

Q1: What common artform is far more prestigious than mosaic?
A1: paintings
Q2: Which culture adapted the use of mosaics for large ground coverings in their villas?
A2: the Romans
Q3: Most names of Roman mosaic workers are what nationality?
A3: Greek
Q4: Often regular everyday craftsman were most likely what?
A4: slaves
Q5: Carthage and Tunisia are in what general area?
A5: North Africa
There were two main techniques in Greco-Roman mosaic: opus vermiculatum used tiny tesserae, typically cubes of 4 millimeters or less, and was produced in workshops in relatively small panels which were transported to the site glued to some temporary support. The tiny tesserae allowed very fine detail, and an approach to the illusionism of painting. Often small panels called emblemata were inserted into walls or as the highlights of larger floor-mosaics in coarser work. The normal technique was opus tessellatum, using larger tesserae, which was laid on site. There was a distinct native Italian style using black on a white background, which was no doubt cheaper than fully coloured work.

Q1: What type of mosaic uses small tesserae?
A1: opus vermiculatum
Q2: What were small panel mosaics known as?
A2: emblemata
Q3: What was the name of the mosaic technique that used larger tesserae?
A3: opus tessellatum
Q4: What was the benefit of using small pieces to create a mosaic?
A4: very fine detail
Q5: Why were black and white pieces used in most italian mosaics?
A5: cheaper than fully coloured work
In Rome, Nero and his architects used mosaics to cover some surfaces of walls and ceilings in the Domus Aurea, built 64 AD, and wall mosaics are also found at Pompeii and neighbouring sites. However it seems that it was not until the Christian era that figural wall mosaics became a major form of artistic expression. The Roman church of Santa Costanza, which served as a mausoleum for one or more of the Imperial family, has both religious mosaic and decorative secular ceiling mosaics on a round vault, which probably represent the style of contemporary palace decoration.

Q1: Which caesar hired builders to construct the Domus Aurea?
A1: Nero
Q2: When did figure wall mosaics become the highest form of artistic expression?
A2: the Christian era
Q3: The church of Santa Costanza is in what country?
A3: Rome
Q4: When was the Domus Aurea constructed?
A4: 64 AD
Q5: The imperial family of Rome used the church of Santa Costanza as what?
A5: a mausoleum
The mosaics of the Villa Romana del Casale near Piazza Armerina in Sicily are the largest collection of late Roman mosaics in situ in the world, and are protected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The large villa rustica, which was probably owned by Emperor Maximian, was built largely in the early 4th century. The mosaics were covered and protected for 700 years by a landslide that occurred in the 12th Century. The most important pieces are the Circus Scene, the 64m long Great Hunting Scene, the Little Hunt, the Labours of Hercules and the famous Bikini Girls, showing women undertaking a range of sporting activities in garments that resemble 20th Century bikinis. The peristyle, the imperial apartments and the thermae were also decorated with ornamental and mythological mosaics. Other important examples of Roman mosaic art in Sicily were unearthed on the Piazza Vittoria in Palermo where two houses were discovered. The most important scenes there depicted Orpheus, Alexander the Great's Hunt and the Four Seasons.

Q1: In what area of Italy is the largest collection of mosaics in the world?
A1: Sicily
Q2: Who most likely lived in the large villa rustica?
A2: Emperor Maximian
Q3: What caused the mosaics at the villa rustica to be protected for centuries?
A3: a landslide
Q4: How long is the hunting scene at the villa rustica?
A4: 64m
Q5: Where in Sicily were the "Orpheus," and the "Four Seasons" discovered?
A5: Piazza Vittoria in Palermo