romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Charleston is the primary medical center for the eastern portion of the state. The city has several major hospitals located in the downtown area: Medical University of South Carolina Medical Center (MUSC), Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, and Roper Hospital. MUSC is the state's first school of medicine, the largest medical university in the state, and the sixth-oldest continually operating school of medicine in the United States. The downtown medical district is experiencing rapid growth of biotechnology and medical research industries coupled with substantial expansions of all the major hospitals. Additionally, more expansions are planned or underway at another major hospital located in the West Ashley portion of the city: Bon Secours-St Francis Xavier Hospital. The Trident Regional Medical Center located in the City of North Charleston and East Cooper Regional Medical Center located in Mount Pleasant also serve the needs of residents of the city of Charleston.

Q1: What is the state's first school of medicine?
A1: Medical University of South Carolina Medical Center
Q2: Where is East Cooper Regional Medical Center?
A2: Mount Pleasant
Q3: Where is the Trident Regional Medical Center is located?
A3: City of North Charleston
Q4: Bon Secours-St Francis Xavier Hospital is located at what portion of the city?
A4: West Ashley portion
Q5: What medical district is experiencing growth in biotechnology and medical research field?
A5: The downtown medical district
The City of Charleston is served by the Charleston International Airport. It is located in the City of North Charleston and is about 12 miles (20 km) northwest of downtown Charleston. It is the busiest passenger airport in South Carolina (IATA: CHS, ICAO: KCHS). The airport shares runways with the adjacent Charleston Air Force Base. Charleston Executive Airport is a smaller airport located in the John's Island section of the city of Charleston and is used by noncommercial aircraft. Both airports are owned and operated by the Charleston County Aviation Authority.

Q1: What airport provides service to the City to Charleston?
A1: Charleston International Airport
Q2: The Charleston International Airport is located in what city?
A2: North Charleston
Q3: How far is the airport from downtown Charleston?
A3: 12 miles (20 km)
Q4: Charleston Executive Airport is located where?
A4: the John's Island section of the city of Charleston
Q5: What military base is located near the airport?
A5: Charleston Air Force Base
Interstate 26 begins in downtown Charleston, with exits to the Septima Clark Expressway, the Arthur Ravenel, Jr. Bridge and Meeting Street. Heading northwest, it connects the city to North Charleston, the Charleston International Airport, Interstate 95, and Columbia. The Arthur Ravenel, Jr. Bridge and Septima Clark Expressway are part of U.S. Highway 17, which travels east-west through the cities of Charleston and Mount Pleasant. The Mark Clark Expressway, or Interstate 526, is the bypass around the city and begins and ends at U.S. Highway 17. U.S. Highway 52 is Meeting Street and its spur is East Bay Street, which becomes Morrison Drive after leaving the east side. This highway merges with King Street in the city's Neck area (industrial district). U.S. Highway 78 is King Street in the downtown area, eventually merging with Meeting Street.

Q1: What area in Charleston is considered the 'industrial area'?
A1: the city's Neck area
Q2: What highways is King Street in downtown Charleston?
A2: U.S. Highway 78
Q3: U.S. Highway 78 merges with what street?
A3: Meeting Street
Q4: Interstate 526 begins and ends at what Highway?
A4: U.S. Highway 17
Q5: Interstate 26 begins on what part of Charleston?
A5: downtown Charleston
The Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge across the Cooper River opened on July 16, 2005, and was the second-longest cable-stayed bridge in the Americas at the time of its construction.[citation needed] The bridge links Mount Pleasant with downtown Charleston, and has eight lanes plus a 12-foot lane shared by pedestrians and bicycles. It replaced the Grace Memorial Bridge (built in 1929) and the Silas N. Pearman Bridge (built in 1966). They were considered two of the more dangerous bridges in America and were demolished after the Ravenel Bridge opened.

Q1: What year did the Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge open?
A1: 2005
Q2: What is linked to downtown Charleston by the bridge?
A2: Mount Pleasant
Q3: What year was the Grace Memorial Bridge built?
A3: 1929
Q4: What year was the Silas N. Pearman Bridge built?
A4: 1966
Q5: The Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge crosses what river?
A5: Cooper River
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston Office of Education also operates out of the city and oversees several K-8 parochial schools, such as Blessed Sacrament School, Christ Our King School, Charleston Catholic School, Nativity School, and Divine Redeemer School, all of which are "feeder" schools into Bishop England High School, a diocesan high school within the city. Bishop England, Porter-Gaud School, and Ashley Hall are the city's oldest and most prominent private schools, and are a significant part of Charleston history, dating back some 150 years.

Q1: Some of the oldest private schools in Charleston date back how long?
A1: 150 years
Q2: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston oversees what kind of schools?
A2: K-8 parochial schools
Q3: How old are some of Charleston's private school?
A3: 150 years
Q4: Which school is Charleston's diocesan high school?
A4: Bishop England High School
Q5: Which organization oversees several K-8 Parochial Schools?
A5: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston Office of Education
Q6: Bishop England High school , Porter-Gaud School and a what other school is among Charleston's most prominent private schools?
A6: Ashley Hall
Public institutions of higher education in Charleston include the College of Charleston (the nation's 13th-oldest university), The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, and the Medical University of South Carolina. The city is also home to private universities, including the Charleston School of Law . Charleston is also home to the Roper Hospital School of Practical Nursing, and the city has a downtown satellite campus for the region's technical school, Trident Technical College. Charleston is also the location for the only college in the country that offers bachelor's degrees in the building arts, The American College of the Building Arts. The Art Institute of Charleston, located downtown on North Market Street, opened in 2007.

Q1: What is the nation's 13th-oldest university?
A1: College of Charleston
Q2: Where is the Art Institute of Charleston located?
A2: downtown on North Market Street
Q3: What year did the Art institute of Charleston open?
A3: 2007
Q4: What Charleston College offers a degree in Building Arts?
A4: The American College of the Building Arts
Q5: What Technical college have a campus at downtown Charleston?
A5: Trident Technical College
Charleston has one official sister city, Spoleto, Umbria, Italy. The relationship between the two cities began when Pulitzer Prize-winning Italian composer Gian Carlo Menotti selected Charleston as the city to host the American version of Spoleto's annual Festival of Two Worlds. "Looking for a city that would provide the charm of Spoleto, as well as its wealth of theaters, churches, and other performance spaces, they selected Charleston, South Carolina, as the ideal location. The historic city provided a perfect fit: intimate enough that the Festival would captivate the entire city, yet cosmopolitan enough to provide an enthusiastic audience and robust infrastructure."

Q1: What is the name of Charleston's sister city?
A1: Spoleto
Q2: In what country is Spoleto located?
A2: Italy
Q3: Who selected Charleston to host an American version of a festival?
A3: Gian Carlo Menotti
Q4: What is the name of festival held in Spoleto?
A4: Festival of Two Worlds
Q5: What is the profession of Gian Carlo Menotti?
A5: composer
During this period, the Weapons Station was the Atlantic Fleet's loadout base for all nuclear ballistic missile submarines. Two SSBN "Boomer" squadrons and a submarine tender were homeported at the Weapons Station, while one SSN attack squadron, Submarine Squadron 4, and a submarine tender were homeported at the Naval Base. At the 1996 closure of the station's Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic (POMFLANT), over 2,500 nuclear warheads and their UGM-27 Polaris, UGM-73 Poseidon, and UGM-96 Trident I delivery missiles (SLBM) were stored and maintained, guarded by a U.S. Marine Corps security force company.

Q1: What year was the Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic station closed?
A1: 1996
Q2: How many nuclear warheads were stored at the Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic station?
A2: 2,500 nuclear warheads
Q3: How many SSBN "Boomer" squadrons were homeported at the Weapons Station?
A3: Two
Q4: Submarine Squadron 4 is homeported at what type of military base?
A4: Naval Base
Q5: What type of security force guards the 2500 nuclear warheads?
A5: a U.S. Marine Corps security force company.
In 1832, South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, a procedure by which a state could, in effect, repeal a federal law; it was directed against the most recent tariff acts. Soon, federal soldiers were dispensed to Charleston's forts, and five United States Coast Guard cutters were detached to Charleston Harbor "to take possession of any vessel arriving from a foreign port, and defend her against any attempt to dispossess the Customs Officers of her custody until all the requirements of law have been complied with." This federal action became known as the Charleston incident. The state's politicians worked on a compromise law in Washington to gradually reduce the tariffs.

Q1: What year did South Carolina pass a law allowing them to repeal Federal Law?
A1: 1832
Q2: After South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, who was sent to Charleston's forts?
A2: federal soldiers
Q3: After South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, who was sent to Charleston Harbor?
A3: five United States Coast Guard cutters
Q4: The federal action of sending soldiers to Charleston in 1832 is known as what?
A4: the Charleston incident
Q5: A compromise law from the state politicans achieved what?
A5: in Washington to gradually reduce the tariffs
By 1840, the Market Hall and Sheds, where fresh meat and produce were brought daily, became a hub of commercial activity. The slave trade also depended on the port of Charleston, where ships could be unloaded and the slaves bought and sold. The legal importation of African slaves had ended in 1808, although smuggling was significant. However, the domestic trade was booming. More than one million slaves were transported from the Upper South to the Deep South in the antebellum years, as cotton plantations were widely developed through what became known as the Black Belt. Many slaves were transported in the coastwise slave trade, with slave ships stopping at ports such as Charleston.

Q1: What industry depended on the port of Charleston?
A1: The slave trade
Q2: Where was  fresh food sold daily in Charleston in 1840?
A2: the Market Hall and Sheds
Q3: What year did the legal importation of slaves end?
A3: 1808
Q4: The region where cotton plantations were developed was known as what?
A4: Black Belt
Q5: In what era did one million slaves get trade throughout the South?
A5: in the antebellum years
After the defeat of the Confederacy, federal forces remained in Charleston during the city's reconstruction. The war had shattered the prosperity of the antebellum city. Freed slaves were faced with poverty and discrimination, but a large community of free people of color had been well-established in the city before the war and became the leaders of the postwar Republican Party and its legislators. Men who had been free people of color before the war comprised 26% of those elected to state and federal office in South Carolina from 1868 to 1876.

Q1: What percentage of those elected from 1868 to 1876 were Freemen?
A1: 26%
Q2: Freeman became the leaders of what party in Charleston?
A2: postwar Republican Party
Q3: What else did freed slaves face in postwar Charleston besides discrimination?
A3: poverty
Q4: For what did the Federal forces remain in Charleston?
A4: city's reconstruction
Q5: Which side was defeated in the war before Reconstruction?
A5: Confederacy
Red is the color at the end of the spectrum of visible light next to orange and opposite violet. Red color has a predominant light wavelength of roughly 620–740 nanometres. Red is one of the additive primary colors of visible light, along with green and blue, which in Red Green Blue (RGB) color systems are combined to create all the colors on a computer monitor or television screen. Red is also one of the subtractive primary colors, along with yellow and blue, of the RYB color space and traditional color wheel used by painters and artists.

Q1: Red is opposite what color of the spectrum?
A1: violet
Q2: Which two colors besides red make up the RGB color system?
A2: Green Blue
Q3: Which color is red next to on the spectrum of visible light?
A3: orange
Q4: How many nanometres does red have?
A4: roughly 620–740
Q5: Which colors are combined to make all other colors?
A5: Red Green Blue
Q6: What spectrum of light is red within?
A6: visible light
Q7: Which color is opposite of red on the visible spectrum?
A7: violet
Q8: On the spectrum of light, where is red found?
A8: 620–740 nanometres
Q9: What color is beside red in the visible spectrum of light?
A9: orange
Q10: Red Yellow and Blue are what kind of colors?
A10: subtractive primary colors
In nature, the red color of blood comes from hemoglobin, the iron-containing protein found in the red blood cells of all vertebrates. The red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide. It also causes the red color of the planet Mars. The red sky at sunset and sunrise is caused by an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering, which, when the sun is low or below the horizon, increases the red-wavelength light that reaches the eye. The color of autumn leaves is caused by pigments called anthocyanins, which are produced towards the end of summer, when the green chlorophyll is no longer produced. One to two percent of the human population has red hair; the color is produced by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin (which also accounts for the red color of the lips) and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.

Q1: From where does the color red in blood come from?
A1: hemoglobin
Q2: What does hemoglobin contain?
A2: iron
Q3: What causes the color of hematite and red ochre?
A3: iron oxide
Q4: Why does a sky turn red when the evening comes?
A4: Rayleigh scattering
Q5: What pigment is responsible for the color of leaves in fall?
A5: anthocyanins
A red dye called Kermes was made beginning in the Neolithic Period by drying and then crushing the bodies of the females of a tiny scale insect in the genus Kermes, primarily Kermes vermilio. The insects live on the sap of certain trees, especially Kermes oak trees near the Mediterranean region. Jars of kermes have been found in a Neolithic cave-burial at Adaoutse, Bouches-du-Rhône. Kermes from oak trees was later used by Romans, who imported it from Spain. A different variety of dye was made from Porphyrophora hamelii (Armenian cochineal) scale insects that lived on the roots and stems of certain herbs. It was mentioned in texts as early as the 8th century BC, and it was used by the ancient Assyrians and Persians.

Q1: During what period did people use Kermes vermilio to make red dye?
A1: Neolithic Period
Q2: What does Kermes vermilio eat to survive?
A2: the sap of certain trees, especially Kermes oak trees
Q3: From where did Romans acquire Kermes?
A3: Spain
Q4: What kind of bural was at Adaoutse, Bouches-du-Rhône?
A4: Neolithic cave-burial
Q5: What was the earliest known writing about dye from Aermenian cochineal?
A5: 8th century BC
Kermes is also mentioned in the Bible. In the Book of Exodus, God instructs Moses to have the Israelites bring him an offering including cloth "of blue, and purple, and scarlet." The term used for scarlet in the 4th century Latin Vulgate version of the Bible passage is coccumque bis tinctum, meaning "colored twice with coccus." Coccus, from the ancient Greek Kokkos, means a tiny grain and is the term that was used in ancient times for the Kermes vermilio insect used to make the Kermes dye. This was also the origin of the expression "dyed in the grain."

Q1: In which book of the Bible did God reference gifts of Blue Purple and Scarlet?
A1: the Book of Exodus
Q2: What does coccumque bis tinctum translate to in english?
A2: colored twice with coccus
Q3: In ancient greek, what is coccus referred to as?
A3: Kokkos
Q4: What does Kokkos mean in english?
A4: a tiny grain
Q5: In what century did the latin vulgate bible use the term coccumque bis tinctum?
A5: 4th century
But, like many colors, it also had a negative association, with heat, destruction and evil. A prayer to god Isis said: "Oh Isis, protect me from all things evil and red." The ancient Egyptians began manufacturing pigments in about 4000 BC. Red ochre was widely used as a pigment for wall paintings, particularly as the skin color of men. An ivory painter's palette found inside the tomb of King Tutankhamun had small compartments with pigments of red ochre and five other colors. The Egyptians used the root of the rubia, or madder plant, to make a dye, later known as alizarin, and also used it to color white power to use as a pigment, which became known as madder lake, alizarin or alizarin crimson.

Q1: When did Egyptians start to make red pigment?
A1: 4000 BC
Q2: What pigment was used for male skin tone in ancient wall art?
A2: Red ochre
Q3: What root did Egyptians use to source their red pigment alizarin?
A3: the rubia
Q4: What dye did the Egyptians make using the madder plant?
A4: alizarin
Q5: What type of palette was found in Tutankhamun's tomb?
A5: ivory painter's palette
In Ancient Rome, Tyrian purple was the color of the Emperor, but red had an important religious symbolism. Romans wore togas with red stripes on holidays, and the bride at a wedding wore a red shawl, called a flammeum. Red was used to color statues and the skin of gladiators. Red was also the color associated with army; Roman soldiers wore red tunics, and officers wore a cloak called a paludamentum which, depending upon the quality of the dye, could be crimson, scarlet or purple. In Roman mythology red is associated with the god of war, Mars. The vexilloid of the Roman Empire had a red background with the letters SPQR in gold. A Roman general receiving a triumph had his entire body painted red in honor of his achievement.

Q1: Which color was said to be the Emperor's color in ancient Rome?
A1: Tyrian purple
Q2: At what time were togas with red were worn by Romans?
A2: holidays
Q3: What is a flammeum?
A3: a red shawl
Q4: What color was correlated with the Army in ancient Rome?
A4: Red
Q5: After what event would a general of the Roman army be painted red?
A5: triumph
The Romans liked bright colors, and many Roman villas were decorated with vivid red murals. The pigment used for many of the murals was called vermilion, and it came from the mineral cinnabar, a common ore of mercury. It was one of the finest reds of ancient times – the paintings have retained their brightness for more than twenty centuries. The source of cinnabar for the Romans was a group of mines near Almadén, southwest of Madrid, in Spain. Working in the mines was extremely dangerous, since mercury is highly toxic; the miners were slaves or prisoners, and being sent to the cinnabar mines was a virtual death sentence.

Q1: What pigment was used to paint villas in ancient Rome?
A1: vermilion
Q2: From where did vermilion originate?
A2: the mineral cinnabar
Q3: Cinnabar is an ore of what metal?
A3: mercury
Q4: What mines did Romans use to acquire cinnabar?
A4: Almadén, southwest of Madrid, in Spain
Q5: Along with slaves, who was sent to work in cinnabar mines in Rome?
A5: prisoners
Red was the color of the banner of the Byzantine emperors. In Western Europe, Emperor Charlemagne painted his palace red as a very visible symbol of his authority, and wore red shoes at his coronation. Kings, princes and, beginning in 1295, Roman Catholic cardinals began to wear red costumes. When Abbe Suger rebuilt Saint Denis Basilica outside Paris in the early 12th century, he added stained glass windows colored blue cobalt glass and red glass tinted with copper. Together they flooded the basilica with a mystical light. Soon stained glass windows were being added to cathedrals all across France, England and Germany. In Medieval painting red was used to attract attention to the most important figures; both Christ and the Virgin Mary were commonly painted wearing red mantles.

Q1: Which European emperor painted their palace red?
A1: Emperor Charlemagne
Q2: In what year did cardinals in the Roman Catholic church start wearing red?
A2: 1295
Q3: When was Saint Denis Basilica rebuilt?
A3: 12th century
Q4: Who rebuilt the basilica of Saint Denis?
A4: Abbe Suger
Q5: Christ and which other Christian figure were often painted red in medieval painting?
A5: Virgin Mary
Red clothing was a sign of status and wealth. It was worn not only by cardinals and princes, but also by merchants, artisans and townpeople, particularly on holidays or special occasions. Red dye for the clothing of ordinary people was made from the roots of the rubia tinctorum, the madder plant. This color leaned toward brick-red, and faded easily in the sun or during washing. The wealthy and aristocrats wore scarlet clothing dyed with kermes, or carmine, made from the carminic acid in tiny female scale insects, which lived on the leaves of oak trees in Eastern Europe and around the Mediterranean. The insects were gathered, dried, crushed, and boiled with different ingredients in a long and complicated process, which produced a brilliant scarlet.

Q1: What status did the wearing of red in medieval times represent?
A1: wealth
Q2: On what occasion would townspeople wear red?
A2: holidays
Q3: What root was used for red clothing owned by commoners?
A3: rubia tinctorum
Q4: Outside of sun exposure in what circumstance did pigment made from rubia tinctorum fade?
A4: during washing
Q5: What was carmine made from?
A5: the carminic acid in tiny female scale insects
Red played an important role in Chinese philosophy. It was believed that the world was composed of five elements: metal, wood, water, fire and earth, and that each had a color. Red was associated with fire. Each Emperor chose the color that his fortune-tellers believed would bring the most prosperity and good fortune to his reign. During the Zhou, Han, Jin, Song and Ming Dynasties, red considered a noble color, and it was featured in all court ceremonies, from coronations to sacrificial offerings, and weddings.

Q1: How many elements did the Chinese philosophers think the world was made of?
A1: five
Q2: What element was red associated with in Chinese philosophy?
A2: fire
Q3: Outside of Fire and Earth, what three other elements did Chinese philosophers say the world was composed from?
A3: metal, wood, water
Q4: At the time of the Han dynasty where would one fine the color Red?
A4: all court ceremonies
Q5: In the time of the Ming Dynasty one would find what color used during sacrificial offerings?
A5: Red
Red was also a badge of rank. During the Song dynasty (906–1279), officials of the top three ranks wore purple clothes; those of the fourth and fifth wore bright red; those of the sixth and seventh wore green; and the eighth and ninth wore blue. Red was the color worn by the royal guards of honor, and the color of the carriages of the imperial family. When the imperial family traveled, their servants and accompanying officials carried red and purple umbrellas. Of an official who had talent and ambition, it was said "he is so red he becomes purple."

Q1: During what years did the Song dynasty occur?
A1: 906–1279
Q2: Which number of ranks wore purple clothing in the Song dynasty?
A2: three
Q3: What color did sixth rank Song dynasty officials wear?
A3: green
Q4: What ranks in the Song dynasty wore blue?
A4: eighth and ninth