romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
The goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863. Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: Fédération Internationale de Football Association), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.

Q1: What year did the Football Association arrange The Laws of the Game?
A1: 1863
Q2: Who Organizes the World Cups?
A2: International Federation of Association Football
Q3: About how many years between World Cups?
A3: four
Q4: What country did the Laws of the Game come from?
A4: England
Q5: Who are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands?
A5: goalkeepers
Association football in itself does not have a classical history. Notwithstanding any similarities to other ball games played around the world FIFA have recognised that no historical connection exists with any game played in antiquity outside Europe. The modern rules of association football are based on the mid-19th century efforts to standardise the widely varying forms of football played in the public schools of England. The history of football in England dates back to at least the eighth century AD.

Q1: What century does football in England date back to?
A1: eighth century AD
Q2: What organization has said that there is no historical connection to association football with any other game outside of Europe?
A2: FIFA
Q3: In what century did the modern rules of association football come from?
A3: mid-19th century
Q4: What country did kids play football in public schools in the 19th century?
A4: England
The Cambridge Rules, first drawn up at Cambridge University in 1848, were particularly influential in the development of subsequent codes, including association football. The Cambridge Rules were written at Trinity College, Cambridge, at a meeting attended by representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shrewsbury schools. They were not universally adopted. During the 1850s, many clubs unconnected to schools or universities were formed throughout the English-speaking world, to play various forms of football. Some came up with their own distinct codes of rules, most notably the Sheffield Football Club, formed by former public school pupils in 1857, which led to formation of a Sheffield FA in 1867. In 1862, John Charles Thring of Uppingham School also devised an influential set of rules.

Q1: Which rules were influential to the codes of association football?
A1: Cambridge Rules
Q2: Which college where the Cambridge Rules written at?
A2: Trinity College
Q3: In what year did John Charles Thring come up with rules that were influential?
A3: 1862
Q4: What year did the Sheffield FA form?
A4: 1867
Q5: What year were the Cambridge Rules first drawn up?
A5: 1848
At a professional level, most matches produce only a few goals. For example, the 2005–06 season of the English Premier League produced an average of 2.48 goals per match. The Laws of the Game do not specify any player positions other than goalkeeper, but a number of specialised roles have evolved. Broadly, these include three main categories: strikers, or forwards, whose main task is to score goals; defenders, who specialise in preventing their opponents from scoring; and midfielders, who dispossess the opposition and keep possession of the ball to pass it to the forwards on their team. Players in these positions are referred to as outfield players, to distinguish them from the goalkeeper. These positions are further subdivided according to the area of the field in which the player spends most time. For example, there are central defenders, and left and right midfielders. The ten outfield players may be arranged in any combination. The number of players in each position determines the style of the team's play; more forwards and fewer defenders creates a more aggressive and offensive-minded game, while the reverse creates a slower, more defensive style of play. While players typically spend most of the game in a specific position, there are few restrictions on player movement, and players can switch positions at any time. The layout of a team's players is known as a formation. Defining the team's formation and tactics is usually the prerogative of the team's manager.

Q1: What is the only position specified by the Laws of the Game
A1: goalkeeper
Q2: The focus of strikers and forwards are to do what?
A2: score goals
Q3:  A team players layout is a what?
A3: formation
Q4: Who's job is to prevent the opponents from scoring?
A4: defenders
Q5: Who's the most responsible for the teams tactics?
A5: team's manager
These ongoing efforts contributed to the formation of The Football Association (The FA) in 1863, which first met on the morning of 26 October 1863 at the Freemasons' Tavern in Great Queen Street, London. The only school to be represented on this occasion was Charterhouse. The Freemason's Tavern was the setting for five more meetings between October and December, which eventually produced the first comprehensive set of rules. At the final meeting, the first FA treasurer, the representative from Blackheath, withdrew his club from the FA over the removal of two draft rules at the previous meeting: the first allowed for running with the ball in hand; the second for obstructing such a run by hacking (kicking an opponent in the shins), tripping and holding. Other English rugby clubs followed this lead and did not join the FA and instead in 1871 formed the Rugby Football Union. The eleven remaining clubs, under the charge of Ebenezer Cobb Morley, went on to ratify the original thirteen laws of the game. These rules included handling of the ball by "marks" and the lack of a crossbar, rules which made it remarkably similar to Victorian rules football being developed at that time in Australia. The Sheffield FA played by its own rules until the 1870s with the FA absorbing some of its rules until there was little difference between the games.

Q1: What year did the Football Association form?
A1: 1863
Q2: At what establishment did the Football Association have their first Meeting?
A2: Freemasons' Tavern
Q3: What year did the Rugby Football Union form?
A3: 1871
Q4: How many clubs ended up ratifying the original laws of the game?
A4: eleven
Q5: Who played by their own rules till the 1870's?
A5: The Sheffield FA
The world's oldest football competition is the FA Cup, which was founded by C. W. Alcock and has been contested by English teams since 1872. The first official international football match also took place in 1872, between Scotland and England in Glasgow, again at the instigation of C. W. Alcock. England is also home to the world's first football league, which was founded in Birmingham in 1888 by Aston Villa director William McGregor. The original format contained 12 clubs from the Midlands and Northern England.

Q1: What is C.W. Alcock responsible for founding?
A1: FA Cup
Q2: How long has the FA Cup been contested?
A2: 1872
Q3: Who founded the worlds first football league?
A3: William McGregor
Q4: How many clubs where in the first football league?
A4: 12
Q5: What country is the home of the first football league?
A5: England
The laws of the game are determined by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). The Board was formed in 1886 after a meeting in Manchester of The Football Association, the Scottish Football Association, the Football Association of Wales, and the Irish Football Association. FIFA, the international football body, was formed in Paris in 1904 and declared that they would adhere to Laws of the Game of the Football Association. The growing popularity of the international game led to the admittance of FIFA representatives to the International Football Association Board in 1913. The board consists of four representatives from FIFA and one representative from each of the four British associations.

Q1: What does the abbreviation IFAB stand for?
A1: International Football Association Board
Q2: What year was the IFAB formed?
A2: 1886
Q3: What city was FIFA formed?
A3: Paris
Q4: How many representatives did FIFA have in the IFAB?
A4: four
Q5: How many different British associations where part of the IFAB?
A5: four
In many parts of the world football evokes great passions and plays an important role in the life of individual fans, local communities, and even nations. R. Kapuscinski says that Europeans who are polite, modest, or humble fall easily into rage when playing or watching football games. The Côte d'Ivoire national football team helped secure a truce to the nation's civil war in 2006 and it helped further reduce tensions between government and rebel forces in 2007 by playing a match in the rebel capital of Bouaké, an occasion that brought both armies together peacefully for the first time. By contrast, football is widely considered to have been the final proximate cause for the Football War in June 1969 between El Salvador and Honduras. The sport also exacerbated tensions at the beginning of the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s, when a match between Dinamo Zagreb and Red Star Belgrade degenerated into rioting in May 1990.

Q1: In 2006, which team helps secure a truce during a civil war?
A1: Côte d'Ivoire
Q2: What city did a peaceful match between two armies take place in 2007?
A2: Bouaké
Q3: When did the Football War happen?
A3: June 1969
Q4: Football made which wars more tense in the 1990's?
A4: Yugoslav Wars
The growth in women's football has seen major competitions being launched at both national and international level mirroring the male competitions. Women's football has faced many struggles. It had a "golden age" in the United Kingdom in the early 1920s when crowds reached 50,000 at some matches; this was stopped on 5 December 1921 when England's Football Association voted to ban the game from grounds used by its member clubs. The FA's ban was rescinded in December 1969 with UEFA voting to officially recognise women's football in 1971. The FIFA Women's World Cup was inaugurated in 1991 and has been held every four years since, while women's football has been an Olympic event since 1996.

Q1: What decade is considered the "golden age" of women's football?
A1: 1920s
Q2: Since what year has women's football been an Olympic event?
A2: 1996
Q3: Who voted to ban women's football from its grounds in 1921?
A3: England's Football Association
Q4: In 1971, who officially recognized women's football?
A4: UEFA
Q5: What year was the FIFA Women's first World cup?
A5: 1991
Association football is played in accordance with a set of rules known as the Laws of the Game. The game is played using a spherical ball of 68.5–69.5 cm (27.0–27.4 in) circumference, known as the football (or soccer ball). Two teams of eleven players each compete to get the ball into the other team's goal (between the posts and under the bar), thereby scoring a goal. The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner; if both teams have scored an equal number of goals then the game is a draw. Each team is led by a captain who has only one official responsibility as mandated by the Laws of the Game: to be involved in the coin toss prior to kick-off or penalty kicks.

Q1: What would you describe the shape of the football?
A1: spherical
Q2: How many players are on each team?
A2: eleven
Q3: What happens when both teams score the same amount of points?
A3: a draw
Q4: What is the captain a part of before the start of the game?
A4: the coin toss
Q5: What is another name for the football?
A5: soccer ball
The primary law is that players other than goalkeepers may not deliberately handle the ball with their hands or arms during play, though they do use their hands during a throw-in restart. Although players usually use their feet to move the ball around, they may use any part of their body (notably, "heading" with the forehead) other than their hands or arms. Within normal play, all players are free to play the ball in any direction and move throughout the pitch, though the ball cannot be received in an offside position.

Q1: When is it okay for regular players to use their hands?
A1: throw-in restart
Q2: A ball cannot be received in what type of position?
A2: offside
Q3: throughout when can players move the ball in any direction?
A3: the pitch
Q4: Who can only handle the ball with their hands or arms during play?
A4: goalkeepers
In game play, players attempt to create goal-scoring opportunities through individual control of the ball, such as by dribbling, passing the ball to a team-mate, and by taking shots at the goal, which is guarded by the opposing goalkeeper. Opposing players may try to regain control of the ball by intercepting a pass or through tackling the opponent in possession of the ball; however, physical contact between opponents is restricted. Football is generally a free-flowing game, with play stopping only when the ball has left the field of play or when play is stopped by the referee for an infringement of the rules. After a stoppage, play recommences with a specified restart.

Q1: Who guards the goal?
A1: goalkeeper
Q2: Who is the only one who has the authority to stop the game when something is wron?
A2: referee
Q3: what is allowed but restricted?
A3: physical contact
Q4: Besides a referee interfering, when else is play stopped?
A4: when the ball has left the field of play
There are 17 laws in the official Laws of the Game, each containing a collection of stipulation and guidelines. The same laws are designed to apply to all levels of football, although certain modifications for groups such as juniors, seniors, women and people with physical disabilities are permitted. The laws are often framed in broad terms, which allow flexibility in their application depending on the nature of the game. The Laws of the Game are published by FIFA, but are maintained by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). In addition to the seventeen laws, numerous IFAB decisions and other directives contribute to the regulation of football.

Q1: How many laws are there in the official Laws of the Game?
A1: 17
Q2: Who maintains the Laws of the Game?
A2: International Football Association Board (IFAB)
Q3: Broad terms in the laws allow for what?
A3: flexibility
Q4: Who publishes the Laws of the Game?
A4: FIFA
Each team consists of a maximum of eleven players (excluding substitutes), one of whom must be the goalkeeper. Competition rules may state a minimum number of players required to constitute a team, which is usually seven. Goalkeepers are the only players allowed to play the ball with their hands or arms, provided they do so within the penalty area in front of their own goal. Though there are a variety of positions in which the outfield (non-goalkeeper) players are strategically placed by a coach, these positions are not defined or required by the Laws.

Q1: Out of the maximum amount of players allowed, one must be a what?
A1: goalkeeper
Q2: The maximum amount of players exclude what?
A2: substitutes
Q3: If there's a minimum amount of players it's usually what?
A3: seven
Q4: Players are usually strategically placed by who?
A4: coach
Q5: What is the maximum amount of players allowed?
A5: eleven
The basic equipment or kit players are required to wear includes a shirt, shorts, socks, footwear and adequate shin guards. An athletic supporter and protective cup is highly recommended for male players by medical experts and professionals. Headgear is not a required piece of basic equipment, but players today may choose to wear it to protect themselves from head injury. Players are forbidden to wear or use anything that is dangerous to themselves or another player, such as jewellery or watches. The goalkeeper must wear clothing that is easily distinguishable from that worn by the other players and the match officials.

Q1: The equipment a player wears is also called a what?
A1: kit
Q2: What is highly recommended by medical experts for male players?
A2: An athletic supporter and protective cup
Q3: Who wears clothing that easily sets them apart from everyone else on the field?
A3: goalkeeper
Q4: wearing anything that could be dangerous is what?
A4: forbidden
Q5: What is not required but can be chosen to protect a player from head injuries?
A5: Headgear
As the Laws were formulated in England, and were initially administered solely by the four British football associations within IFAB, the standard dimensions of a football pitch were originally expressed in imperial units. The Laws now express dimensions with approximate metric equivalents (followed by traditional units in brackets), though use of imperial units remains popular in English-speaking countries with a relatively recent history of metrication (or only partial metrication), such as Britain.

Q1: Imperial units where once used to express the dimensions of a what?
A1: football pitch
Q2: What unit of measurement is now expressed by the Laws?
A2: metric
Q3: The use of imperial units is still popular in what kind of countries?
A3: English-speaking
Q4: Laws were formulated in what country?
A4: England
The length of the pitch for international adult matches is in the range of 100–110 m (110–120 yd) and the width is in the range of 64–75 m (70–80 yd). Fields for non-international matches may be 90–120 m (100–130 yd) length and 45–90 m (50–100 yd) in width, provided that the pitch does not become square. In 2008, the IFAB initially approved a fixed size of 105 m (344 ft) long and 68 m (223 ft) wide as a standard pitch dimension for international matches; however, this decision was later put on hold and was never actually implemented.

Q1: What is the range for the length for international matches in meters?
A1: 100–110 m
Q2: In what year did the IFAB initially approve a fixed size as a standard pitch dimension for international matches?
A2: 2008
Q3: When was the IFAB's decision on the fixed size of the pitch become implemented?
A3: never
Q4: What is the range for the length of fields for non international matches in meters?
A4: 90–120 m
Q5: What is the range for the width for international matches in meters?
A5: 64–75 m
In front of the goal is the penalty area. This area is marked by the goal line, two lines starting on the goal line 16.5 m (18 yd) from the goalposts and extending 16.5 m (18 yd) into the pitch perpendicular to the goal line, and a line joining them. This area has a number of functions, the most prominent being to mark where the goalkeeper may handle the ball and where a penalty foul by a member of the defending team becomes punishable by a penalty kick. Other markings define the position of the ball or players at kick-offs, goal kicks, penalty kicks and corner kicks.

Q1: What is the penalty area marked by?
A1: goal line
Q2: a penalty foul by the defending team can be punishable by a what?
A2: penalty kick
Q3: how many meters from the goalpost does a penalty area extend?
A3: 16.5 m
Q4: Only who can handle the ball with his hands?
A4: goalkeeper
A standard adult football match consists of two periods of 45 minutes each, known as halves. Each half runs continuously, meaning that the clock is not stopped when the ball is out of play. There is usually a 15-minute half-time break between halves. The end of the match is known as full-time. The referee is the official timekeeper for the match, and may make an allowance for time lost through substitutions, injured players requiring attention, or other stoppages. This added time is called additional time in FIFA documents, but is most commonly referred to as stoppage time or injury time, while loss time can also be used as a synonym. The duration of stoppage time is at the sole discretion of the referee. The referee alone signals the end of the match. In matches where a fourth official is appointed, toward the end of the half the referee signals how many minutes of stoppage time he intends to add. The fourth official then informs the players and spectators by holding up a board showing this number. The signalled stoppage time may be further extended by the referee. Added time was introduced because of an incident which happened in 1891 during a match between Stoke and Aston Villa. Trailing 1–0 and with just two minutes remaining, Stoke were awarded a penalty. Villa's goalkeeper kicked the ball out of the ground, and by the time the ball had been recovered, the 90 minutes had elapsed and the game was over. The same law also states that the duration of either half is extended until the penalty kick to be taken or retaken is completed, thus no game shall end with a penalty to be taken.

Q1: How many periods are in a standard football match?
A1: two
Q2: How long are each period in a standard football match?
A2: 45
Q3: What are the periods in a football match called?
A3: halves
Q4: Who gets to decide how long stoppage time can go on for?
A4: referee
Q5: In what year did an incident help introduce added time?
A5: 1891
In league competitions, games may end in a draw. In knockout competitions where a winner is required various methods may be employed to break such a deadlock, some competitions may invoke replays. A game tied at the end of regulation time may go into extra time, which consists of two further 15-minute periods. If the score is still tied after extra time, some competitions allow the use of penalty shootouts (known officially in the Laws of the Game as "kicks from the penalty mark") to determine which team will progress to the next stage of the tournament. Goals scored during extra time periods count toward the final score of the game, but kicks from the penalty mark are only used to decide the team that progresses to the next part of the tournament (with goals scored in a penalty shootout not making up part of the final score).

Q1: Matches where a winner must be decided is called what type of competitions?
A1: knockout
Q2: Extra time has two periods which each are how long in minutes?
A2: 15
Q3: What are penalty shootouts officially known as in the Laws of the Game?
A3: kicks from the penalty mark
Q4: Which goals count to the final score of the game?
A4: Goals scored during extra time
In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the IFAB experimented with ways of creating a winner without requiring a penalty shootout, which was often seen as an undesirable way to end a match. These involved rules ending a game in extra time early, either when the first goal in extra time was scored (golden goal), or if one team held a lead at the end of the first period of extra time (silver goal). Golden goal was used at the World Cup in 1998 and 2002. The first World Cup game decided by a golden goal was France's victory over Paraguay in 1998. Germany was the first nation to score a golden goal in a major competition, beating Czech Republic in the final of Euro 1996. Silver goal was used in Euro 2004. Both these experiments have been discontinued by IFAB.

Q1: What is the golden goal?
A1: the first goal in extra time
Q2: Who was the first team to win using the golden goal to their advantage?
A2: France
Q3: Who experimented with creating winners without requiring penalty shootouts?
A3: the IFAB
Q4: What team did France beat in 1998?
A4: Paraguay
Q5: What year did the Czech Republic lose in the final of Euro?
A5: 1996