romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Traditionally, major college basketball teams began their seasons with a few exhibition games. They played travelling teams made up of former college players on teams such as Athletes in Action or a team sponsored by Marathon Oil. On occasion before 1992, when FIBA allowed professional players on foreign national teams, colleges played those teams in exhibitions. However, in 2003, the National Collegiate Athletic Association banned games with non-college teams. Some teams have begun scheduling exhibition games against teams in NCAA Division II and NCAA Division III, or even against colleges and universities located in Canada. Major college basketball teams still travel to other countries during the summer to play in exhibition games, although a college team is allowed one foreign tour every four years, and a maximum of ten games in each tour.

Q1: What is an example of a corporate sponsor of a basketball team?
A1: Marathon Oil
Q2: What is an example of a team of former college players?
A2: Athletes in Action
Q3: When did the FIBA stop allowing pros on foreign national teams?
A3: 1992
Q4: When did the NCAA decide college teams could only play other college teams?
A4: 2003
Q5: How often does the NCAA allow college teams to go overseas?
A5: one foreign tour every four years
Compared to other team sports, the National Football League preseason is very structured. Every NFL team plays exactly four pre-season exhibition games a year, two at home and two away, with the exception of two teams each year who play a fifth game, the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game. These exhibition games, most of which are held in the month of August, are played for the purpose of helping coaches narrow down the roster from the offseason limit of 90 players to the regular-season limit of 53 players. While the scheduling formula is not as rigid for preseason games as they are for the regular season, there are numerous restrictions and traditions that limit the choices of preseason opponents; teams are also restricted on what days and times they can play these games. Split-squad games, a practice common in baseball and hockey, where a team that is scheduled to play two games on the same day splits their team into two squads, are prohibited. The NFL has played exhibition games in Europe, Japan, Canada, Australia (including the American Bowl in 1999) and Mexico to spread the league's popularity (a game of this type was proposed for China but, due to financial and logistical problems, was eventually canceled). The league has tacitly forbidden the playing of non-league opponents, with the last interleague game having come in 1972 and the last game against a team other than an NFL team (the all-NFL rookie College All-Stars) was held in 1976. Exhibition games are quite unpopular with many fans, who resent having to pay regular-season prices for two home exhibition games as part of a season-ticket package. Numerous lawsuits have been brought by fans and classes of fans against the NFL or its member teams regarding this practice, but none have been successful in halting it.[citation needed] The Pro Bowl, traditionally played after the end of the NFL season (since 2011 is played the week prior to the Super Bowl), is also considered an exhibition game.

Q1: How many preseason exhibition games does an NFL team play?
A1: four
Q2: What is the one exception to the NFL's 4-preseason-game limit?
A2: the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game
Q3: What month are most NFL preseason games in?
A3: August
Q4: How many players can an NFL team have in the off-season?
A4: 90
Q5: How many players can an NFL team have in the regular season?
A5: 53
The Arena Football League briefly had a two-game exhibition season in the early 2000s, a practice that ended in 2003 with a new television contract. Exhibition games outside of a structured season are relatively common among indoor American football leagues; because teams switch leagues frequently at that level of play, it is not uncommon to see some of the smaller leagues schedule exhibition games against teams that are from another league, about to join the league as a probational franchise, or a semi-pro outdoor team to fill holes in a schedule.

Q1: How many exhibition games did the Arena Football League have per year in the early 2000s?
A1: two
Q2: What type of league commonly plays unstructured exhibition games?
A2: indoor American football leagues
Q3: What is a team called that is in the process of joining a league?
A3: a probational franchise
Q4: Indoor league teams sometimes play against what type of outdoor league team?
A4: semi-pro
True exhibition games between opposing colleges at the highest level do not exist in college football; due to the importance of opinion polling in the top level of college football, even exhibition games would not truly be exhibitions because they could influence the opinions of those polled. Intramural games are possible because a team playing against itself leaves little ability for poll participants to make judgments, and at levels below the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), championships are decided by objective formulas and thus those teams can play non-league games without affecting their playoff hopes.

Q1: What consideration is more important for college teams than exhibition games?
A1: opinion polling
Q2: What is a game called in which a team plays against itself?
A2: Intramural
Q3: Championships are decided by formulas for college teams below what level?
A3: Football Bowl Subdivision
However, most of the major FBS teams annually schedule early season non-conference preseason home games against lesser opponents that are lower-tier FBS, Football Championship, or Division II schools, which often result in lopsided victories in favor of the FBS teams and act as exhibition games in all but name, though they additionally provide a large appearance fee and at least one guaranteed television appearance for the smaller school. These games also receive the same criticism as NFL exhibition games, but instead it is targeted to schools scheduling low-quality opponents and the simplicity for a team to run up the score against a weak opponent. However, these games are susceptible to backfiring, resulting in damage in poll position and public perception, especially if the higher ranked team loses, although the mere act of scheduling a weak opponent is harmful to a team's overall strength of schedule itself. Games an FBS team schedules against lower division opponents do not count toward the minimum seven wins required for bowl eligibility, and only one game against an FCS team can be counted. With the start of the College Football Playoff system for the 2014 season, major teams are now discouraged from scheduling weaker opponents for their non-conference schedule because of a much higher emphasis on strength of schedule than in the Bowl Championship Series era.

Q1: Major FBS teams can have lopsided victories against what kinds of lesser opponents?
A1: lower-tier FBS, Football Championship, or Division II schools
Q2: Why do smaller schools want to play against major FBS teams?
A2: a large appearance fee and at least one guaranteed television appearance
Q3: How many wins are required for an FBS team to be eligible for the bowl?
A3: seven
Q4: How many games between FBS and FCS teams count towards the FBS's bowl eligibility?
A4: one
Q5: When did the College Football Playoff System begin?
A5: 2014
High school football teams frequently participate in controlled scrimmages with other teams during preseason practice, but exhibition games are rare because of league rules and concerns about finances, travel and player injuries, along with enrollments not being registered until the early part of August in most school districts under the traditional September–June academic term. A more common exhibition is the high school football all-star game, which brings together top players from a region. These games are typically played by graduating seniors during the summer or at the end of the season. Many of these games, which include the U.S. Army All-American Bowl and Under Armour All-America Game, are used as showcases for players to be seen by colleges.

Q1: When is the usual high school academic term?
A1: September–June
Q2: What is the most common type of high school football exhibition game?
A2: all-star
Q3: What year of players are in high school football all-star games?
A3: graduating seniors
Q4: What are two examples of high school football all-star games?
A4: U.S. Army All-American Bowl and Under Armour All-America Game
Q5: What do high school all-star players hope to be seen by?
A5: colleges
Various auto racing organizations hold exhibition events; these events usually award no championship points to participants, but they do offer prize money to participants. The NASCAR Sprint Cup Series holds two exhibition events annually - the Sprint Unlimited, held at Daytona International Speedway at the start of the season, and the NASCAR Sprint All-Star Race, held at Charlotte Motor Speedway midway through the season. Both events carry a hefty purse of over USD $1,000,000. NASCAR has also held exhibition races at Suzuka Circuit and Twin Ring Motegi in Japan and Calder Park Thunderdome in Australia.

Q1: How many exhibition events per year does the NASCAR Sprint Cup have?
A1: two
Q2: Where is the Sprint Unlimited held?
A2: Daytona International Speedway
Q3: Where is the Sprint All-Star Race held?
A3: Charlotte Motor Speedway
Q4: What does the winner of the Sprint Unlimited get?
A4: over USD $1,000,000
Q5: Where is Calder Park Thunderdome?
A5: Australia
Strasbourg (/ˈstræzbɜːrɡ/, French pronunciation: ​[stʁaz.buʁ, stʁas.buʁ]; Alsatian: Strossburi; German: Straßburg, [ˈʃtʁaːsbʊɐ̯k]) is the capital and largest city of the Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine (ACAL) region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace were historically predominantly Alemannic-speaking, hence the city's Germanic name. In 2013, the city proper had 275,718 inhabitants, Eurométropole de Strasbourg (Greater Strasbourg) had 475,934 inhabitants and the Arrondissement of Strasbourg had 482,384 inhabitants. With a population of 768,868 in 2012, Strasbourg's metropolitan area (only the part of the metropolitan area on French territory) is the ninth largest in France and home to 13% of the ACAL region's inhabitants. The transnational Eurodistrict Strasbourg-Ortenau had a population of 915,000 inhabitants in 2014.

Q1: What is the population of Strasbourg in 2012?
A1: 768,868
Q2: What is the population of the transnational Eurodistrict Strasbourg-Ortenau in 2014?
A2: 915,000
Q3: What is the predominant language in the region of Alace?
A3: Alemannic
Q4: What is the largest city in the ACAL region of France?
A4: Straßburg
Q5: Strasbourg has an official seat in what parliament?
A5: European
Q6: Strasbourg has an official seat in what Parliament?
A6: European
Q7: What is the predominant language in Asace?
A7: Alemannic
Q8: What kind of name is Strasbourg?
A8: Germanic
Strasbourg's historic city centre, the Grande Île (Grand Island), was classified a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1988, the first time such an honour was placed on an entire city centre. Strasbourg is immersed in the Franco-German culture and although violently disputed throughout history, has been a bridge of unity between France and Germany for centuries, especially through the University of Strasbourg, currently the second largest in France, and the coexistence of Catholic and Protestant culture. The largest Islamic place of worship in France, the Strasbourg Grand Mosque, was inaugurated by French Interior Minister Manuel Valls on 27 September 2012.

Q1: What year was Grande Ile classified as a World Heritage site?
A1: 1988
Q2: What is the culture in Strasbourg?
A2: Franco-German
Q3: What is the largest Islamic place of worship in France?
A3: Strasbourg Grand Mosque
Q4: When was the Strasbourg Grand Mosque inaugurated?
A4: 27 September 2012
Q5: What is the second largest university in France?
A5: University of Strasbourg
Strasbourg is situated on the eastern border of France with Germany. This border is formed by the River Rhine, which also forms the eastern border of the modern city, facing across the river to the German town Kehl. The historic core of Strasbourg however lies on the Grande Île in the River Ill, which here flows parallel to, and roughly 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from, the Rhine. The natural courses of the two rivers eventually join some distance downstream of Strasbourg, although several artificial waterways now connect them within the city.

Q1: What river is on the border of France and Germany?
A1: River Rhine
Q2: The River Ill flows parallel with what river for 4 kilometres?
A2: Rhine
Q3: What kind of waterways connect the River Ill and River Rhine within Strasbourg?
A3: artificial
Q4: Strasbourg is situated on what border of France and Germany?
A4: eastern
The Romans under Nero Claudius Drusus established a military outpost belonging to the Germania Superior Roman province at Strasbourg's current location, and named it Argentoratum. (Hence the town is commonly called Argentina in medieval Latin.) The name "Argentoratum" was first mentioned in 12 BC and the city celebrated its 2,000th birthday in 1988. "Argentorate" as the toponym of the Gaulish settlement preceded it before being Latinized, but it is not known by how long. The Roman camp was destroyed by fire and rebuilt six times between the first and the fifth centuries AD: in 70, 97, 235, 355, in the last quarter of the fourth century, and in the early years of the fifth century. It was under Trajan and after the fire of 97 that Argentoratum received its most extended and fortified shape. From the year 90 on, the Legio VIII Augusta was permanently stationed in the Roman camp of Argentoratum. It then included a cavalry section and covered an area of approximately 20 hectares. Other Roman legions temporarily stationed in Argentoratum were the Legio XIV Gemina and the Legio XXI Rapax, the latter during the reign of Nero.

Q1: What was Strasbourg called in 12 BC?
A1: Argentoratum
Q2: What was the Roman camp destroyed by?
A2: fire
Q3: Who was leading the Romans at Argentoratum?
A3: Nero Claudius Drusus
Q4: After what year was the Legio VIII Augusta permanently stationed in Argentoratum?
A4: year 90
Q5: How many times was Argentoratum rebuilt during the first and fifth centuries AD?
A5: six times
The centre of Argentoratum proper was situated on the Grande Île (Cardo: current Rue du Dôme, Decumanus: current Rue des Hallebardes). The outline of the Roman "castrum" is visible in the street pattern in the Grande Ile. Many Roman artifacts have also been found along the current Route des Romains, the road that led to Argentoratum, in the suburb of Kœnigshoffen. This was where the largest burial places were situated, as well as the densest concentration of civilian dwelling places and commerces next to the camp. Among the most outstanding finds in Kœnigshoffen were (found in 1911–12) the fragments of a grand Mithraeum that had been shattered by early Christians in the fourth century. From the fourth century, Strasbourg was the seat of the Bishopric of Strasbourg (made an Archbishopric in 1988). Archaeological excavations below the current Église Saint-Étienne in 1948 and 1956 unearthed the apse of a church dating back to the late fourth or early fifth century, considered to be the oldest church in Alsace. It is supposed that this was the first seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Strasbourg.

Q1: What has been found along the current Route des Romains?
A1: Roman artifacts
Q2: Where was the centre of Argentoratum situated?
A2: Grande Île
Q3: Who shattered the fragments of a grand Mithraeum?
A3: Christians
Q4: When was the Bishopric of Strasbourg made an Archbishopric?
A4: 1988
In the fifth century Strasbourg was occupied successively by Alemanni, Huns, and Franks. In the ninth century it was commonly known as Strazburg in the local language, as documented in 842 by the Oaths of Strasbourg. This trilingual text contains, alongside texts in Latin and Old High German (teudisca lingua), the oldest written variety of Gallo-Romance (lingua romana) clearly distinct from Latin, the ancestor of Old French. The town was also called Stratisburgum or Strateburgus in Latin, from which later came Strossburi in Alsatian and Straßburg in Standard German, and then Strasbourg in French. The Oaths of Strasbourg is considered as marking the birth of the two countries of France and Germany with the division of the Carolingian Empire.

Q1: What Empire split to create France and Germany?
A1: Carolingian Empire
Q2: What language called Strasbourg Strossburi?
A2: Alsatian
Q3: What is the German spelling for Strasbourg?
A3: Straßburg
Q4: What was Strasbourg known as in the local language in the ninth century?
A4: Strazburg
Q5: In what century was Strasbourg occupied successively by Alemanni, Huns, and Franks?
A5: fifth century
A revolution in 1332 resulted in a broad-based city government with participation of the guilds, and Strasbourg declared itself a free republic. The deadly bubonic plague of 1348 was followed on 14 February 1349 by one of the first and worst pogroms in pre-modern history: over a thousand Jews were publicly burnt to death, with the remainder of the Jewish population being expelled from the city. Until the end of the 18th century, Jews were forbidden to remain in town after 10 pm. The time to leave the city was signalled by a municipal herald blowing the Grüselhorn (see below, Museums, Musée historique);. A special tax, the Pflastergeld (pavement money), was furthermore to be paid for any horse that a Jew would ride or bring into the city while allowed to.

Q1: In what year did Strasbourg declare itself a free republic?
A1: 1332
Q2: What year was the deadly bubonic plague in Strasbourg?
A2: 1348
Q3: How many Jews were burned to death in 1349?
A3: over a thousand
Q4: What time were the Jews forbidden to be in town after?
A4: 10 pm
Q5: What did the Jews need to pay to ride a horse into town?
A5: special tax
In the 1520s during the Protestant Reformation, the city, under the political guidance of Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck and the spiritual guidance of Martin Bucer embraced the religious teachings of Martin Luther. Their adherents established a Gymnasium, headed by Johannes Sturm, made into a University in the following century. The city first followed the Tetrapolitan Confession, and then the Augsburg Confession. Protestant iconoclasm caused much destruction to churches and cloisters, notwithstanding that Luther himself opposed such a practice. Strasbourg was a centre of humanist scholarship and early book-printing in the Holy Roman Empire, and its intellectual and political influence contributed much to the establishment of Protestantism as an accepted denomination in the southwest of Germany. (John Calvin spent several years as a political refugee in the city). The Strasbourg Councillor Sturm and guildmaster Matthias represented the city at the Imperial Diet of Speyer (1529), where their protest led to the schism of the Catholic Church and the evolution of Protestantism. Together with four other free cities, Strasbourg presented the confessio tetrapolitana as its Protestant book of faith at the Imperial Diet of Augsburg in 1530, where the slightly different Augsburg Confession was also handed over to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.

Q1: Who was the political guide during the Protestant Reformation?
A1: Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck
Q2: Who was the spiritual guide during the Protestant Reformation?
A2: Martin Bucer
Q3: Who spent several years as a political refugee in the city?
A3: John Calvin
Q4: How many other cities joined Strasbourg at the Imperial Diet of Augsburg in 1530?
A4: four
Louis' advisors believed that, as long as Strasbourg remained independent, it would endanger the King's newly annexed territories in Alsace, and, that to defend these large rural lands effectively, a garrison had to be placed in towns such as Strasbourg. Indeed, the bridge over the Rhine at Strasbourg had been used repeatedly by Imperial (Holy Roman Empire) forces, and three times during the Franco-Dutch War Strasbourg had served as a gateway for Imperial invasions into Alsace. In September 1681 Louis' forces, though lacking a clear casus belli, surrounded the city with overwhelming force. After some negotiation, Louis marched into the city unopposed on 30 September 1681 and proclaimed its annexation.

Q1: How many times was the Rhines bridge used during the Franco-Dutch War?
A1: three
Q2: When did Louis surround the city with considerable force?
A2: September 1681
Q3: When did Louis march into the city unopposed and proclaimed its annexation?
A3: 30 September 1681
This annexation was one of the direct causes of the brief and bloody War of the Reunions whose outcome left the French in possession. The French annexation was recognized by the Treaty of Ryswick (1697). The official policy of religious intolerance which drove most Protestants from France after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 was not applied in Strasbourg and in Alsace, because both had a special status as a province à l'instar de l'étranger effectif (a kind of foreign province of the king of France). Strasbourg Cathedral, however, was taken from the Lutherans to be returned to the Catholics as the French authorities tried to promote Catholicism wherever they could (some other historic churches remained in Protestant hands). Its language also remained overwhelmingly German: the German Lutheran university persisted until the French Revolution. Famous students included Goethe and Herder.

Q1: What was one of the causes of the War of the Reunions?
A1: annexation
Q2: When was the French annexation recognized by the Treaty of Ryswick?
A2: 1697
Q3: What church was taken from the Lutherans and returned to the Catholics?
A3: Strasbourg Cathedral
Q4: Who were the famous students that attended German Lutheran University?
A4: Goethe and Herder
Strasbourg's status as a free city was revoked by the French Revolution. Enragés, most notoriously Eulogius Schneider, ruled the city with an increasingly iron hand. During this time, many churches and monasteries were either destroyed or severely damaged. The cathedral lost hundreds of its statues (later replaced by copies in the 19th century) and in April 1794, there was talk of tearing its spire down, on the grounds that it was against the principle of equality. The tower was saved, however, when in May of the same year citizens of Strasbourg crowned it with a giant tin Phrygian cap. This artifact was later kept in the historical collections of the city until it was destroyed by the Germans in 1870 during the Franco-Prussian war.

Q1: What revoked Strasbourg's status as a free city?
A1: French Revolution
Q2: Who ruled the city with an iron hand?
A2: Eulogius Schneider
Q3: What did the cathedrals lose in April 1794?
A3: statues
Q4: What was the giant Phrygian cap made out of?
A4: tin
Q5: Who destroyed the Phrygian cap in 1870?
A5: Germans
During the Franco-Prussian War and the Siege of Strasbourg, the city was heavily bombarded by the Prussian army. The bombardment of the city was meant to break the morale of the people of Strasbourg. On 24 and 26 August 1870, the Museum of Fine Arts was destroyed by fire, as was the Municipal Library housed in the Gothic former Dominican church, with its unique collection of medieval manuscripts (most famously the Hortus deliciarum), rare Renaissance books, archeological finds and historical artifacts. The gothic cathedral was damaged as well as the medieval church of Temple Neuf, the theatre, the city hall, the court of justice and many houses. At the end of the siege 10,000 inhabitants were left without shelter; over 600 died, including 261 civilians, and 3200 were injured, including 1,100 civilians.

Q1: Who bombarded the city of Strasbourg?
A1: Prussian army
Q2: What date was the Museum of Fine Arts destroyed by fire?
A2: 24 and 26 August 1870
Q3: What cathedral was damaged along with the medieval church of Temple Neuf?
A3: gothic
Q4: How many inhabitants were left without shelter after the siege?
A4: 10,000
Q5: How many civilians died during the siege?
A5: 261