romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Dutch is written using the Latin script. Dutch uses one additional character beyond the standard alphabet, the digraph IJ. It has a relatively high proportion of doubled letters, both vowels and consonants, due to the formation of compound words and also to the spelling devices for distinguishing the many vowel sounds in the Dutch language. An example of five consecutive doubled letters is the word voorraaddoos (food storage container). The diaeresis (Dutch: trema) is used to mark vowels that are pronounced separately when involving a pre- or suffix. Whereas a hyphen is used when this problem occurs in compound words. For example; "beïnvloed" (influenced), but zee-eend (sea duck). Generally, other diacritical marks only occur in loanwords, though the acute accent can also be used for emphasis or to differentiate between two forms. Its most common use is to differentiate between the indefinite article 'een' (a, an) and the numeral 'één' (one).

Q1: How many extra characters does Dutch have in addition to the standard alphabet?
A1: one
Q2: What's the name for the additional character Dutch uses?
A2: digraph
Q3: Because Dutch has many vowel sounds and compound words, what occurs frequently in Dutch spelling?
A3: doubled letters
Q4: What is an example of a Dutch word that has double vowels or consonants five times in a row?
A4: voorraaddoos
Q5: What's the name for the type of accent that Dutch used to mark the difference between the word for "a" or "an" and the word for "one"?
A5: acute accent
Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as "The Queen's House". During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, who constructed three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837.

Q1: What was Buckingham Palace orginally known as?
A1: Buckingham House
Q2: Who was Buckingham Palace was originally built for?
A2: Duke of Buckingham
Q3: Which king acquired the Buckingham House in 1761?
A3: King George III
Q4: What was Buckingham House known as when Queen Charlotte resided there?
A4: "The Queen's House"
Q5: Which two architects were commissioned to enlarge Buckingham in the 19th century?
A5: John Nash and Edward Blore
Q6: For whom was Buckingham house originally built?
A6: Duke of Buckingham
Q7: Who bought Buckingham House in 1761?
A7: King George III
Q8: Who enlarged the house in the 19th century?
A8: John Nash and Edward Blore
Q9: When did the palace become the London residence for the monarchs?
A9: 1837
The original early 19th-century interior designs, many of which survive, include widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis, on the advice of Sir Charles Long. King Edward VII oversaw a partial redecoration in a Belle Époque cream and gold colour scheme. Many smaller reception rooms are furnished in the Chinese regency style with furniture and fittings brought from the Royal Pavilion at Brighton and from Carlton House. The palace has 775 rooms, and the garden is the largest private garden in London. The state rooms, used for official and state entertaining, are open to the public each year for most of August and September, and on selected days in winter and spring.

Q1: What colors were added in the partial redecoration overseen by King Edward VII?
A1: Belle Époque cream and gold
Q2: What original colors from the 19th century were used on the advice of Sir Charles Long?
A2: brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis
Q3: How many rooms does the palace have?
A3: 775 rooms
Q4: In which style are many of the smaller reception rooms furnished in?
A4: Chinese regency style
Q5: What house were many of the furniture and fittings brought from?
A5: Carlton House
Q6: Who suggested the use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis?
A6: Sir Charles Long
Q7: Who oversaw the redecoration that used a Belle Époque cream and gold colour scheme?
A7: King Edward VII
Q8: Smaller reception rooms are decorated in which style?
A8: Chinese regency style
Q9: Furniture and fittings were brought over from which house?
A9: Carlton House
In the Middle Ages, the site of the future palace formed part of the Manor of Ebury (also called Eia). The marshy ground was watered by the river Tyburn, which still flows below the courtyard and south wing of the palace. Where the river was fordable (at Cow Ford), the village of Eye Cross grew. Ownership of the site changed hands many times; owners included Edward the Confessor and his queen consort Edith of Wessex in late Saxon times, and, after the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror. William gave the site to Geoffrey de Mandeville, who bequeathed it to the monks of Westminster Abbey.

Q1: Which river runs underneath the palace?
A1: river Tyburn
Q2: The site of the palace was once owned by which queen consort in the late Saxon times?
A2: Edith of Wessex
Q3: Who did William the Conqueror give the site of the palace to?
A3: Geoffrey de Mandeville
Q4: The site was passed to monks from which abbey?
A4: Westminster Abbey
Q5: The site of the palace formed part of which Manor in the Middles ages?
A5: Manor of Ebury
Q6: What was the name of the village that grew at Cow Ford?
A6: Eye Cross
Q7: Who gave the site to the monks of Westminster?
A7: Geoffrey de Mandeville
Q8: What was the name of the manor that previously existed on the site?
A8: Manor of Ebury
Various owners leased it from royal landlords and the freehold was the subject of frenzied speculation during the 17th century. By then, the old village of Eye Cross had long since fallen into decay, and the area was mostly wasteland. Needing money, James I sold off part of the Crown freehold but retained part of the site on which he established a 4-acre (16,000 m2) mulberry garden for the production of silk. (This is at the northwest corner of today's palace.) Clement Walker in Anarchia Anglicana (1649) refers to "new-erected sodoms and spintries at the Mulberry Garden at S. James's"; this suggests it may have been a place of debauchery. Eventually, in the late 17th century, the freehold was inherited from the property tycoon Sir Hugh Audley by the great heiress Mary Davies.

Q1: Which property tycoon inherited the property in the late 17th century?
A1: Sir Hugh Audley
Q2: Which village had fallen into decay?
A2: Eye Cross
Q3: Who established a mulberry garden on the property?
A3: James I
Q4: What product did the mulberry garden produce?
A4: silk
Q5: Who suggests that the mulberry garden is likely a place for debauchery?
A5: Clement Walker
Q6: What about the palace was subject to speculation in the 17th century?
A6: the freehold
Q7: Which village had fallen into decay but the 17th century?
A7: Eye Cross
Q8: Who sold off part of the Crown Freehold?
A8: James I
Q9: What type of garden did James I create?
A9: mulberry
Q10: What did the mulberry garden produce?
A10: silk.
Possibly the first house erected within the site was that of a Sir William Blake, around 1624. The next owner was Lord Goring, who from 1633 extended Blake's house and developed much of today's garden, then known as Goring Great Garden. He did not, however, obtain the freehold interest in the mulberry garden. Unbeknown to Goring, in 1640 the document "failed to pass the Great Seal before King Charles I fled London, which it needed to do for legal execution". It was this critical omission that helped the British royal family regain the freehold under King George III.

Q1: Who built the first house on the site?
A1: Sir William Blake
Q2: Which owner developed much of the garden still seen today?
A2: Lord Goring
Q3: What was Lord Goring's garden known as?
A3: Goring Great Garden
Q4: Under which king did the Royal Family regain the freehold title of the property?
A4: King George III
Q5: Which king failed to execute Goring's freehold document before fleeing to London?
A5: King Charles I
Q6: Who owned the first house built on the site?
A6: Sir William Blake
Q7: Who developed what is much of today's garden at Buckingham?
A7: Lord Goring
Q8: What was the name of Lord Goring Garden?
A8: Goring Great Garden
Q9: Which king fled to London leaving allowing the Royal family to keep it's freehold on the property?
A9: King Charles I
The house which forms the architectural core of the palace was built for the first Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703 to the design of William Winde. The style chosen was of a large, three-floored central block with two smaller flanking service wings. Buckingham House was eventually sold by Buckingham's descendant, Sir Charles Sheffield, in 1761 to George III for £21,000. Sheffield's leasehold on the mulberry garden site, the freehold of which was still owned by the royal family, was due to expire in 1774.

Q1: In what year did William Winde design the house which forms the core of the palace?
A1: 1703
Q2: Who sold Buckingham house in 1761?
A2: Sir Charles Sheffield
Q3: How much did George III pay for the house?
A3: £21,000
Q4: In what year was the leasehold of the Mulberry site due to expire?
A4: 1774
Q5: How many flanking service wings did the original Buckingham House have?
A5: two
Q6: The house which is the core of Buckingham was first built for who?
A6: Duke of Buckingham and Normanby
Q7: Who designed the house for the Duke of Buckingham?
A7: William Winde
Q8: How many flanking service wings did Buckingham House have?
A8: two
Q9: Who bought Buckingham House in 1761?
A9: George III
Q10: How much did George III pay for Buckingham House?
A10: £21,000
Remodelling of the structure began in 1762. After his accession to the throne in 1820, King George IV continued the renovation with the idea in mind of a small, comfortable home. While the work was in progress, in 1826, the King decided to modify the house into a palace with the help of his architect John Nash. Some furnishings were transferred from Carlton House, and others had been bought in France after the French Revolution. The external façade was designed keeping in mind the French neo-classical influence preferred by George IV. The cost of the renovations grew dramatically, and by 1829 the extravagance of Nash's designs resulted in his removal as architect. On the death of George IV in 1830, his younger brother King William IV hired Edward Blore to finish the work. At one stage, William considered converting the palace into the new Houses of Parliament, after the destruction of the Palace of Westminster by fire in 1834.

Q1: What did King George IV originally want the structure to be?
A1: a small, comfortable home
Q2: King William thought about converting the palace into what after a fire destroyed the Palace of Westminster in 1834?
A2: new Houses of Parliament
Q3: Which architect helped modify the house into a palace?
A3: John Nash
Q4: In what year was Nash removed as architect?
A4: 1829
Q5: Who was hired in 1830 to finish the work on the palace?
A5: Edward Blore
Q6: What year did remodeling of Buckingham House begin?
A6: 1762
Q7: What was George IV's original plan for the house?
A7: a small, comfortable home
Q8: What year did the king decide to make it into a palace?
A8: 1826
Q9: Who was the main architect that transformed the house into the palace?
A9: John Nash
Q10: Who did King William IV hired to finish the work after Nash was fired?
A10: Edward Blore
Buckingham Palace finally became the principal royal residence in 1837, on the accession of Queen Victoria, who was the first monarch to reside there; her predecessor William IV had died before its completion. While the state rooms were a riot of gilt and colour, the necessities of the new palace were somewhat less luxurious. For one thing, it was reported the chimneys smoked so much that the fires had to be allowed to die down, and consequently the court shivered in icy magnificence. Ventilation was so bad that the interior smelled, and when a decision was taken to install gas lamps, there was a serious worry about the build-up of gas on the lower floors. It was also said that staff were lax and lazy and the palace was dirty. Following the queen's marriage in 1840, her husband, Prince Albert, concerned himself with a reorganisation of the household offices and staff, and with the design faults of the palace. The problems were all rectified by the close of 1840. However, the builders were to return within the decade.

Q1: Who was the first monarch to reside at Buckingham Palace?
A1: Queen Victoria
Q2: Who died before the palace was completed?
A2: William IV
Q3: Buckingham became a principle residence for the Royal Family in which year?
A3: 1837
Q4: What was the problem with chimneys in the palace?
A4: the chimneys smoked
Q5: At the end of which year were most of the design problems of the palace rectified under Prince Albert?
A5: 1840
Q6: When did Buckingham officially become the principle royal residence?
A6: 1837
Q7: Who was the first monarch to reside there?
A7: Queen Victoria
Q8: Who died before seeing Buckingham Palace's completion?
A8: William IV
Q9: What was the problem with the palace's chimneys?
A9: the chimneys smoked
Q10: Who dealt with the design faults of the palace?
A10: Prince Albert
By 1847, the couple had found the palace too small for court life and their growing family, and consequently the new wing, designed by Edward Blore, was built by Thomas Cubitt, enclosing the central quadrangle. The large East Front, facing The Mall, is today the "public face" of Buckingham Palace, and contains the balcony from which the royal family acknowledge the crowds on momentous occasions and after the annual Trooping the Colour. The ballroom wing and a further suite of state rooms were also built in this period, designed by Nash's student Sir James Pennethorne.

Q1: Who designed the new wing for the palace in 1847?
A1: Edward Blore
Q2: The new wing was built by whom?
A2: Thomas Cubitt
Q3: What is the East front of the palace known as?
A3: "public face" of Buckingham Palace
Q4: The East Front contains what famous feature?
A4: the balcony
Q5: Who was the student of Nash that designed the ballroom wing?
A5: Sir James Pennethorne.
Q6: Who designed a new wing for Queen Victoria and Prince Albert when they felt they needed more space?
A6: Edward Blore
Q7: Who built the new wing?
A7: Thomas Cubitt
Q8: What is considered the public face of the palace?
A8: The large East Front
Q9: What other wing was built during this time?
A9: The ballroom wing
Q10: Which of Nash's students designed The Ballroom?
A10: Sir James Pennethorne
Before Prince Albert's death, the palace was frequently the scene of musical entertainments, and the greatest contemporary musicians entertained at Buckingham Palace. The composer Felix Mendelssohn is known to have played there on three occasions. Johann Strauss II and his orchestra played there when in England. Strauss's "Alice Polka" was first performed at the palace in 1849 in honour of the queen's daughter, Princess Alice. Under Victoria, Buckingham Palace was frequently the scene of lavish costume balls, in addition to the usual royal ceremonies, investitures and presentations.

Q1: The palace frequently hosted which type of events prior to the death of Prince Albert?
A1: musical entertainments
Q2: Which composer played at Buckingham on three occasions?
A2: Felix Mendelssohn
Q3: Which piece of music by Johann Strauss was first performed at Buckingham in honor of Princess Alice?
A3: Alice Polka
Q4: Queen Victoria hosted which type of balls?
A4: lavish costume balls
Q5: Before Prince Albert died what sort of entertainment was held at Buckingham?
A5: musical entertainments
Q6: Which composer played there on three occasions?
A6: Felix Mendelssohn
Q7: Who performed Alice Polka in honor of Princess Alice?
A7: Johann Strauss II
Q8: What type of balls did Queen Victoria hold?
A8: lavish costume balls
Widowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle, Balmoral Castle and Osborne House. For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected. In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace, saying: "These commanding premises to be let or sold, in consequence of the late occupant's declining business." Eventually, public opinion forced the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible. Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle, presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black, while Buckingham Palace remained shuttered for most of the year.

Q1: When year did Prince Albert die?
A1: 1861
Q2: What forced the Queen to return to London?
A2: public opinion
Q3: What was the fate of Buckingham after the left?
A3: the palace was seldom used, even neglected.
Q4: Where were court functions held upon the Queens return to London?
A4: Windsor Castle
Q5: When did Prince Albert die?
A5: 1861
Q6: What did Queen Victoria do in response to his death?
A6: left Buckingham Palace
Q7: Which house did Queen Victoria stay at after she left Buckingham?
A7: Osborne House
Q8: What happened to Buckingham after Queen Victoria left?
A8: palace was seldom used, even neglected
Q9: Where did Queen Victoria hold court functions during this time?
A9: Windsor Castle
The palace measures 108 metres (354 ft) by 120 metres (390 ft), is 24 metres (79 ft) high and contains over 77,000 m2 (830,000 sq ft) of floorspace. The floor area is smaller than the Royal Palace of Madrid, the Papal Palace in Rome, the Louvre in Paris, the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, or the Forbidden City. There are 775 rooms, including 19 state rooms, 52 principal bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices, and 78 bathrooms. The principal rooms are contained on the piano nobile behind the west-facing garden façade at the rear of the palace. The centre of this ornate suite of state rooms is the Music Room, its large bow the dominant feature of the façade. Flanking the Music Room are the Blue and the White Drawing Rooms. At the centre of the suite, serving as a corridor to link the state rooms, is the Picture Gallery, which is top-lit and 55 yards (50 m) long. The Gallery is hung with numerous works including some by Rembrandt, van Dyck, Rubens and Vermeer; other rooms leading from the Picture Gallery are the Throne Room and the Green Drawing Room. The Green Drawing Room serves as a huge anteroom to the Throne Room, and is part of the ceremonial route to the throne from the Guard Room at the top of the Grand Staircase. The Guard Room contains white marble statues of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, in Roman costume, set in a tribune lined with tapestries. These very formal rooms are used only for ceremonial and official entertaining, but are open to the public every summer.

Q1: How many principle bedrooms does the palace have?
A1: 52
Q2: How many bathrooms are there?
A2: 78
Q3: A large bow is a large feature of the facade in which stateroom?
A3: the Music Room
Q4: How long is the Picture Gallery in yards?
A4: 55 yards
Q5: Which rooms has large white marble statues of Prince Albert and Queen Victoria?
A5: The Guard Room
Q6: What is the floor space of the palace?
A6: 77,000 m2 (830,000 sq ft)
Q7: How many staterooms does the palace have?
A7: 19 state rooms
Q8: How many bathrooms does the palace have?
A8: 78 bathrooms
Q9: How many offices does the palace have?
A9: 92 offices
Directly underneath the State Apartments is a suite of slightly less grand rooms known as the semi-state apartments. Opening from the Marble Hall, these rooms are used for less formal entertaining, such as luncheon parties and private audiences. Some of the rooms are named and decorated for particular visitors, such as the 1844 Room, decorated in that year for the State visit of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, and, on the other side of the Bow Room, the 1855 Room, in honour of the visit of Emperor Napoleon III of France. At the centre of this suite is the Bow Room, through which thousands of guests pass annually to the Queen's Garden Parties in the Gardens. The Queen and Prince Philip use a smaller suite of rooms in the north wing.

Q1: The 1855 Room is name for which European emperor?
A1: Emperor Napoleon III of France
Q2: Which room is named for visit of Tsar Nicolas I of Russia?
A2: 1844 Room
Q3: Guests attending the Queen's Garden Parties will mostly likely see which room?
A3: Bow Room
Q4: Where are the suites located that the Queen and Prince Phillip use?
A4: the north wing
Q5: Which rooms are used for less formal entertaining such as luncheons or private audiences?
A5: the semi-state apartments
Q6: What is the name of the slightly less luxurious staterooms located underneath the State Apartments?
A6: semi-state apartments
Q7: What type of entertaining are the semi-state apartments used for?
A7: less formal entertaining
Q8: Who is the 1844 Room named after?
A8: Tsar Nicholas I of Russia
Q9: Who is the 1855 Room named after?
A9: Emperor Napoleon III of France
Q10: Where are the Queen and Prince Phillip's apartments located?
A10: the north wing
Between 1847 and 1850, when Blore was building the new east wing, the Brighton Pavilion was once again plundered of its fittings. As a result, many of the rooms in the new wing have a distinctly oriental atmosphere. The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room is made up from parts of the Brighton Banqueting and Music Rooms with a large oriental chimney piece sculpted by Richard Westmacott. The Yellow Drawing Room has wallpaper supplied in 1817 for the Brighton Saloon, and a chimney piece which is a European vision of how the Chinese chimney piece may appear. It has nodding mandarins in niches and fearsome winged dragons, designed by Robert Jones.

Q1: Where did many of the fittings for the new east wing come from?
A1: Brighton Pavilion
Q2: When was the new east wing built?
A2: Between 1847 and 1850
Q3: What is the theme for the new east wing?
A3: oriental
Q4: The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room has what as a main feature?
A4: large oriental chimney piece
Q5: Who designed the chimney piece in The Yellow Drawing Room?
A5: Robert Jones
Q6: What was Blore building between 1847 and 1850?
A6: the new east wing
Q7: Many rooms in the new east wing are in what style?
A7: oriental
Q8: Parts of the Brighton Banqueting and Music Rooms from Brighton Pavilion make up which Buckingham Room?
A8: The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room
At the centre of this wing is the famous balcony with the Centre Room behind its glass doors. This is a Chinese-style saloon enhanced by Queen Mary, who, working with the designer Sir Charles Allom, created a more "binding" Chinese theme in the late 1920s, although the lacquer doors were brought from Brighton in 1873. Running the length of the piano nobile of the east wing is the great gallery, modestly known as the Principal Corridor, which runs the length of the eastern side of the quadrangle. It has mirrored doors, and mirrored cross walls reflecting porcelain pagodas and other oriental furniture from Brighton. The Chinese Luncheon Room and Yellow Drawing Room are situated at each end of this gallery, with the Centre Room obviously placed in the centre.

Q1: Which room has the famous balcony used by the royals?
A1: Centre Room
Q2: What is the main theme of the Centre Room?
A2: Chinese
Q3: Which Queen enhanced the Chinese theme of the Centre Room in the 1920s?
A3: Queen Mary
Q4: The lacquer doors in the Centre Room were brought from Brighton in which year?
A4: 1873
Q5: The Principle Corridor features which type of doors?
A5: mirrored doors
Q6: Which room feature the famous balcony?
A6: Centre Room
Q7: Which designer did Queen Mary work with to enhance the Centre Room?
A7: Sir Charles Allom
Q8: The Principle Corridor has which type of doors?
A8: mirrored doors
Q9: What year were the lacquer doors brought from Brighton?
A9: 1873