romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Tennessee was admitted to the Union on June 1, 1796 as the 16th state. It was the first state created from territory under the jurisdiction of the United States federal government. Apart from the former Thirteen Colonies only Vermont and Kentucky predate Tennessee's statehood, and neither was ever a federal territory. The state boundaries, according to the Constitution of the State of Tennessee, Article I, Section 31, stated that the beginning point for identifying the boundary was the extreme height of the Stone Mountain, at the place where the line of Virginia intersects it, and basically ran the extreme heights of mountain chains through the Appalachian Mountains separating North Carolina from Tennessee past the Indian towns of Cowee and Old Chota, thence along the main ridge of the said mountain (Unicoi Mountain) to the southern boundary of the state; all the territory, lands and waters lying west of said line are included in the boundaries and limits of the newly formed state of Tennessee. Part of the provision also stated that the limits and jurisdiction of the state would include future land acquisition, referencing possible land trade with other states, or the acquisition of territory from west of the Mississippi River.

Q1: Which state was the first formed out of federally controlled territory?
A1: Tennessee
Q2: In addition to the original thirteen, which two states were admitted to the union before Tennessee?
A2: Vermont and Kentucky
Q3: Which mountain marked the starting point of the Tennessee border described by the state constitution?
A3: Stone Mountain
Q4: When Tennessee's border was first defined, territory west of which river was considered for future annexation?
A4: Mississippi River
During the administration of U.S. President Martin Van Buren, nearly 17,000 Cherokees—along with approximately 2,000 black slaves owned by Cherokees—were uprooted from their homes between 1838 and 1839 and were forced by the U.S. military to march from "emigration depots" in Eastern Tennessee (such as Fort Cass) toward the more distant Indian Territory west of Arkansas. During this relocation an estimated 4,000 Cherokees died along the way west. In the Cherokee language, the event is called Nunna daul Isunyi—"the Trail Where We Cried." The Cherokees were not the only American Indians forced to emigrate as a result of the Indian removal efforts of the United States, and so the phrase "Trail of Tears" is sometimes used to refer to similar events endured by other American Indian peoples, especially among the "Five Civilized Tribes". The phrase originated as a description of the earlier emigration of the Choctaw nation.

Q1: Which US President oversaw the forced westward relocation of Cherokees beginning in 1838?
A1: Martin Van Buren
Q2: How many Cherokee-owned black slaves were also relocated between 1838 and 1839?
A2: 2,000
Q3: What Cherokee phrase means "the trail where we cried?"
A3: Nunna daul Isunyi
Q4: Which Native American nation's emigration was first associated with the term "Trail of Tears?"
A4: Choctaw
Q5: Approximately how many Cherokees died along their "Trail of Tears?"
A5: 4,000
In February 1861, secessionists in Tennessee's state government—led by Governor Isham Harris—sought voter approval for a convention to sever ties with the United States, but Tennessee voters rejected the referendum by a 54–46% margin. The strongest opposition to secession came from East Tennessee (which later tried to form a separate Union-aligned state). Following the Confederate attack upon Fort Sumter in April and Lincoln's call for troops from Tennessee and other states in response, Governor Isham Harris began military mobilization, submitted an ordinance of secession to the General Assembly, and made direct overtures to the Confederate government. The Tennessee legislature ratified an agreement to enter a military league with the Confederate States on May 7, 1861. On June 8, 1861, with people in Middle Tennessee having significantly changed their position, voters approved a second referendum calling for secession, becoming the last state to do so.

Q1: Which Tennessee governor championed secession in February of 1861?
A1: Isham Harris
Q2: Which area of Tennessee was most resistant to secession?
A2: East Tennessee
Q3: What percentage of voters voted against secession in Tennessee's February 1861 referendum?
A3: 54
Q4: On which date did Tennessee enter a military alliance with the Confederacy?
A4: May 7, 1861
Q5: Which region of Tennessee swung in favor of secession in the June 1861 referendum?
A5: Middle Tennessee
Many major battles of the American Civil War were fought in Tennessee—most of them Union victories. Ulysses S. Grant and the U.S. Navy captured control of the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers in February 1862. They held off the Confederate counterattack at Shiloh in April. Memphis fell to the Union in June, following a naval battle on the Mississippi River in front of the city. The Capture of Memphis and Nashville gave the Union control of the western and middle sections; this control was confirmed at the Battle of Murfreesboro in early January 1863 and by the subsequent Tullahoma Campaign.

Q1: Which side won more Civil War battles in Tennessee?
A1: Union
Q2: Which Union commander seized control of the Tennessee River in February 1862?
A2: Ulysses S. Grant
Q3: During which month in 1862 did Union forces capture Memphis?
A3: June
Q4: Union control of Middle Tennessee was reaffirmed by what battle in January 1863?
A4: Battle of Murfreesboro
Confederates held East Tennessee despite the strength of Unionist sentiment there, with the exception of extremely pro-Confederate Sullivan County. The Confederates, led by General James Longstreet, did attack General Burnside's Fort Sanders at Knoxville and lost. It was a big blow to East Tennessee Confederate momentum, but Longstreet won the Battle of Bean's Station a few weeks later. The Confederates besieged Chattanooga during the Chattanooga Campaign in early fall 1863, but were driven off by Grant in November. Many of the Confederate defeats can be attributed to the poor strategic vision of General Braxton Bragg, who led the Army of Tennessee from Perryville, Kentucky to another Confederate defeat at Chattanooga.

Q1: Which county in East Tennessee was more supportive of the Confederacy than its neighbors?
A1: Sullivan County
Q2: Which Confederate general failed to capture the Union fort at Knoxville?
A2: James Longstreet
Q3: Which Union general broke the Confederate siege of Chattanooga in November 1863?
A3: Grant
Q4: Which Confederate general launched an attack on Chattanooga from Perryville, KY?
A4: Braxton Bragg
Q5: Which battle did Confederate General Longstreet win in East Tennessee?
A5: Battle of Bean's Station
When the Emancipation Proclamation was announced, Tennessee was mostly held by Union forces. Thus, Tennessee was not among the states enumerated in the Proclamation, and the Proclamation did not free any slaves there. Nonetheless, enslaved African Americans escaped to Union lines to gain freedom without waiting for official action. Old and young, men, women and children camped near Union troops. Thousands of former slaves ended up fighting on the Union side, nearly 200,000 in total across the South.

Q1: Which forces controlled most of Tennessee when slaves were emancipated?
A1: Union
Q2: Up to how many former slaves began fighting with for the Union after the Emancipation Proclamation?
A2: 200,000
Q3: Which edict freed slaves across most of the Confederacy, but technically not Tennessee?
A3: Emancipation Proclamation
In 1864, Andrew Johnson (a War Democrat from Tennessee) was elected Vice President under Abraham Lincoln. He became President after Lincoln's assassination in 1865. Under Johnson's lenient re-admission policy, Tennessee was the first of the seceding states to have its elected members readmitted to the U.S. Congress, on July 24, 1866. Because Tennessee had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment, it was the only one of the formerly secessionist states that did not have a military governor during the Reconstruction period.

Q1: Who was elected Vice President of the United States in 1864?
A1: Andrew Johnson
Q2: Which Confederate state's representation was readmitted to Congress first?
A2: Tennessee
Q3: On which date were Tennessee's elected representatives restored to their offices in Washington D.C.?
A3: July 24, 1866
Q4: Their ratification of which Amendment spared Tennessee a military governor during Reconstruction?
A4: Fourteenth
Q5: In which year did Andrew Johnson become President?
A5: 1865
After the formal end of Reconstruction, the struggle over power in Southern society continued. Through violence and intimidation against freedmen and their allies, White Democrats regained political power in Tennessee and other states across the South in the late 1870s and 1880s. Over the next decade, the state legislature passed increasingly restrictive laws to control African Americans. In 1889 the General Assembly passed four laws described as electoral reform, with the cumulative effect of essentially disfranchising most African Americans in rural areas and small towns, as well as many poor Whites. Legislation included implementation of a poll tax, timing of registration, and recording requirements. Tens of thousands of taxpaying citizens were without representation for decades into the 20th century. Disfranchising legislation accompanied Jim Crow laws passed in the late 19th century, which imposed segregation in the state. In 1900, African Americans made up nearly 24% of the state's population, and numbered 480,430 citizens who lived mostly in the central and western parts of the state.

Q1: Who were targeted by restrictive laws passed in Southern states at the end of the 19th century?
A1: African Americans
Q2: In which year did the Tennessee General Assembly pass electoral reform laws that disenfranchised most African Americans in the state?
A2: 1889
Q3: Who besides African Americans were victims of Tennessee's late-19th century electoral reform?
A3: poor Whites
Q4: What is the name for laws dating from the late-19th century which promoted segregation?
A4: Jim Crow laws
Q5: Approximately how many African Americans lived in Tennessee in 1900?
A5: 480,430
In 2002, businessman Phil Bredesen was elected as the 48th governor. Also in 2002, Tennessee amended the state constitution to allow for the establishment of a lottery. Tennessee's Bob Corker was the only freshman Republican elected to the United States Senate in the 2006 midterm elections. The state constitution was amended to reject same-sex marriage. In January 2007, Ron Ramsey became the first Republican elected as Speaker of the State Senate since Reconstruction, as a result of the realignment of the Democratic and Republican parties in the South since the late 20th century, with Republicans now elected by conservative voters, who previously had supported Democrats.

Q1: Which Tennessee Senator was the only Republican first-time Senator elected in 2006?
A1: Bob Corker
Q2: Who was elected governor of Tennessee in 2002?
A2: Phil Bredesen
Q3: Who was the first Republican Speaker of the Tennessee state senate since Democrats took control in the Reconstruction era?
A3: Ron Ramsey
Q4: Which political party did the majority of conservative Tennessee voters support in the early 20th century?
A4: Democratic
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2015, Tennessee had an estimated population of 6,600,299, which is an increase of 50,947, from the prior year and an increase of 254,194, or 4.01%, since the year 2010. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 142,266 people (that is 493,881 births minus 351,615 deaths), and an increase from net migration of 219,551 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 59,385 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 160,166 people. Twenty percent of Tennesseans were born outside the South in 2008, compared to a figure of 13.5% in 1990.

Q1: What was Tennessee's estimated population in 2015?
A1: 6,600,299
Q2: What percentage population increase did Tennessee experience between 2010 and 2015?
A2: 4.01%
Q3: How much of Tennessee's population increase between 2010 and 2015 was due to migration?
A3: 219,551
Q4: In 2008, what percentage of Tennessee residents were born outside the South?
A4: Twenty percent
Q5: What net population increase during Tennessee's last two US Census reports was due to immigration from outside the country?
A5: 59,385
In 2000, the five most common self-reported ethnic groups in the state were: American (17.3%), African American (13.0%), Irish (9.3%), English (9.1%), and German (8.3%). Most Tennesseans who self-identify as having American ancestry are of English and Scotch-Irish ancestry. An estimated 21–24% of Tennesseans are of predominantly English ancestry. In the 1980 census 1,435,147 Tennesseans claimed "English" or "mostly English" ancestry out of a state population of 3,221,354 making them 45% of the state at the time.

Q1: What was Tennessee's most common self-reported ethnic group in 2000?
A1: American
Q2: What percent of Tennessee residents self-reported their ethnic group as Irish in 2000?
A2: 9.3%
Q3: Which European ancestries are most common among self-identified ethnic "Americans" in Tennessee?
A3: English and Scotch-Irish
Q4: What European national ancestry was claimed by 45% of Tennessee residents in 1980?
A4: English
Q5: What was Tennessee's population in 1980?
A5: 3,221,354
Tennessee is home to several Protestant denominations, such as the National Baptist Convention (headquartered in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (both headquartered in Memphis); the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy (both headquartered in Cleveland). The Free Will Baptist denomination is headquartered in Antioch; its main Bible college is in Nashville. The Southern Baptist Convention maintains its general headquarters in Nashville. Publishing houses of several denominations are located in Nashville.

Q1: Which Protestant denomination has its headquarters in Nashville, TN?
A1: National Baptist Convention
Q2: Which Tennessee city contains the headquarters of the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy?
A2: Cleveland
Q3: The principle Bible college of the Free Will Baptists is located in which Tennessee city?
A3: Nashville
Q4: Which two major Protestant denominations are based in Memphis?
A4: Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church
Major outputs for the state include textiles, cotton, cattle, and electrical power. Tennessee has over 82,000 farms, roughly 59 percent of which accommodate beef cattle. Although cotton was an early crop in Tennessee, large-scale cultivation of the fiber did not begin until the 1820s with the opening of the land between the Tennessee and Mississippi Rivers. The upper wedge of the Mississippi Delta extends into southwestern Tennessee, and it was in this fertile section that cotton took hold. Soybeans are also heavily planted in West Tennessee, focusing on the northwest corner of the state.

Q1: Roughly how many farms are located in Tennesee?
A1: 82,000
Q2: Which livestock is the major focus of Tennessee agriculture?
A2: beef cattle
Q3: When did cotton first become a large-scale agricultural product in Tennessee?
A3: 1820s
Q4: Which river landform partly in Tennessee provided the most fertile land for cotton production?
A4: Mississippi Delta
Major corporations with headquarters in Tennessee include FedEx, AutoZone and International Paper, all based in Memphis; Pilot Corporation and Regal Entertainment Group, based in Knoxville; Eastman Chemical Company, based in Kingsport; the North American headquarters of Nissan Motor Company, based in Franklin; Hospital Corporation of America and Caterpillar Financial, based in Nashville; and Unum, based in Chattanooga. Tennessee is also the location of the Volkswagen factory in Chattanooga, a $2 billion polysilicon production facility by Wacker Chemie in Bradley County, and a $1.2 billion polysilicon production facility by Hemlock Semiconductor in Clarksville.

Q1: Where in Tennessee is the headquarters of International Paper?
A1: Memphis
Q2: Where is Nissan Motor Company's headquarters in the United States?
A2: Franklin
Q3: Which company has a $2 billion production plant in Bradley County?
A3: Wacker Chemie
Q4: Hemlock Semiconductor produces electronic components in which Tennessee city?
A4: Clarksville
Q5: Which major global shipping company is based in Memphis?
A5: FedEx
The Tennessee income tax does not apply to salaries and wages, but most income from stock, bonds and notes receivable is taxable. All taxable dividends and interest which exceed the $1,250 single exemption or the $2,500 joint exemption are taxable at the rate of 6%. The state's sales and use tax rate for most items is 7%. Food is taxed at a lower rate of 5.25%, but candy, dietary supplements and prepared food are taxed at the full 7% rate. Local sales taxes are collected in most jurisdictions, at rates varying from 1.5% to 2.75%, bringing the total sales tax to between 8.5% and 9.75%, one of the highest levels in the nation. Intangible property is assessed on the shares of stock of stockholders of any loan company, investment company, insurance company or for-profit cemetery companies. The assessment ratio is 40% of the value multiplied by the tax rate for the jurisdiction. Tennessee imposes an inheritance tax on decedents' estates that exceed maximum single exemption limits ($1,000,000 for deaths in 2006 and thereafter).

Q1: What types of income are exempt from Tennessee state income tax?
A1: salaries and wages
Q2: At what rate is Tennessee state sales and use tax usually applied?
A2: 7%
Q3: Above which amount is inheritance tax applied in Tennessee?
A3: $1,000,000
Q4: What is the sales tax on foodstuffs in Tennessee?
A4: 5.25%
Q5: Which edible items are taxed at the higher non-food sales and use tax rate in Tennessee?
A5: candy, dietary supplements and prepared food
Tourism contributes billions of dollars each year to the state's economy and Tennessee is ranked among the Top 10 destinations in the US. In 2014 a record 100 million people visited the state resulting in $17.7 billion in tourism related spending within the state, an increase of 6.3% over 2013; tax revenue from tourism equaled $1.5 billion. Each county in Tennessee saw at least $1 million from tourism while 19 counties received at least $100 million (Davidson, Shelby, and Sevier counties were the top three). Tourism-generated jobs for the state reached 152,900, a 2.8% increase. International travelers to Tennessee accounted for $533 million in spending.

Q1: In which year did Tennessee tourism first exceed 100 million visitors?
A1: 2014
Q2: How many billions of dollars were spend by tourists in Tennessee in 2014?
A2: 17.7
Q3: How much tax revenue did tourism generate for Tennessee in 2014?
A3: $1.5 billion
Q4: In 2014, which three Tennessee counties took in the most money from tourism?
A4: Davidson, Shelby, and Sevier
Q5: What was the percentage increase in Tennessee's tourism-based jobs in 2014?
A5: 2.8%
In 2013 tourism within the state from local citizens accounted for 39.9% of tourists, the second highest originating location for tourists to Tennessee is the state of Georgia, accounting for 8.4% of tourists.:17 Forty-four percent of stays in the state were "day trips", 25% stayed one night, 15% stayed two nights, and 11% stayed 4 or more nights. The average stay was 2.16 nights, compared to 2.03 nights for the US as a whole.:40 The average person spent $118 per day: 29% on transportation, 24% on food, 17% on accommodation, and 28% on shopping and entertainment.:44

Q1: Which other state sent Tennessee the most tourists in 2013?
A1: Georgia
Q2: What percentage of out-of-state tourists stayed in Tennessee for four or more nights?
A2: 11%
Q3: What average daily amount did a tourist spend in Tennessee in 2013?
A3: $118
Q4: What percentage of Tennessee tourists daily spending in 2013 went toward accommodation?
A4: 17%
Q5: In which state do the greatest percentage of Tennessee tourists reside?
A5: Tennessee
Interstate 40 crosses the state in a west-east orientation. Its branch interstate highways include I-240 in Memphis; I-440 in Nashville; I-140 from Knoxville to Alcoa and I-640 in Knoxville. I-26, although technically an east-west interstate, runs from the North Carolina border below Johnson City to its terminus at Kingsport. I-24 is an east-west interstate that runs cross-state from Chattanooga to Clarksville. In a north-south orientation are highways I-55, I-65, I-75, and I-81. Interstate 65 crosses the state through Nashville, while Interstate 75 serves Chattanooga and Knoxville and Interstate 55 serves Memphis. Interstate 81 enters the state at Bristol and terminates at its junction with I-40 near Dandridge. I-155 is a branch highway from I-55. The only spur highway of I-75 in Tennessee is I-275, which is in Knoxville. When completed, I-69 will travel through the western part of the state, from South Fulton to Memphis. A branch interstate, I-269 also exists from Millington to Collierville.

Q1: Which city is the endpoint of I-26?
A1: Kingsport
Q2: I-24 connects which two Tennessee cities?
A2: Chattanooga to Clarksville
Q3: Which interstate highway running north-south passes through Memphis?
A3: Interstate 55
Q4: Which interstate ends at a junction close to Dandridge, Tennessee?
A4: Interstate 81
Q5: What Tennessee cities are connected by I-269?
A5: Millington to Collierville
Tennessee politics, like that of most U.S. states, are dominated by the Republican and the Democratic parties. Historian Dewey W. Grantham traces divisions in the state to the period of the American Civil War: for decades afterward, the eastern third of the state was Republican and the western two thirds voted Democrat. This division was related to the state's pattern of farming, plantations and slaveholding. The eastern section was made up of yeoman farmers, but Middle and West Tennessee cultivated crops, such as tobacco and cotton, that were dependent on the use of slave labor. These areas became defined as Democratic after the war.

Q1: Which are the two main parties in Tennessee politics?
A1: Republican and the Democratic
Q2: Which part of Tennessee voted more Republican in the years following the Civil War?
A2: eastern
Q3: What type of farmers inhabited eastern Tennessee in the late 19th century?
A3: yeoman
Q4: Which crops grown in West Tennessee had required a great deal of slave labor?
A4: tobacco and cotton
During Reconstruction, freedmen and former free people of color were granted the right to vote; most joined the Republican Party. Numerous African Americans were elected to local offices, and some to state office. Following Reconstruction, Tennessee continued to have competitive party politics. But in the 1880s, the white-dominated state government passed four laws, the last of which imposed a poll tax requirement for voter registration. These served to disenfranchise most African Americans, and their power in the Republican Party, the state, and cities where they had significant population was markedly reduced. In 1900 African Americans comprised 23.8 percent of the state's population, concentrated in Middle and West Tennessee. In the early 1900s, the state legislature approved a form of commission government for cities based on at-large voting for a few positions on a Board of Commission; several adopted this as another means to limit African-American political participation. In 1913 the state legislature enacted a bill enabling cities to adopt this structure without legislative approval.

Q1: Which party did most former slaves join when they were given the right to vote after the Civil War?
A1: Republican
Q2: In which decade did the Tennessee legislature institute a poll tax?
A2: 1880s
Q3: Which party declined in Tennessee politics following voting reform legislation during Reconstruction?
A3: Republican
Q4: What percentage of the Tennessee population was African-American in 1900?
A4: 23.8
Q5: In 1913, the Tennessee state legislature made which organizational structure the default form of city government in the state?
A5: Board of Commission