romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
In most cases, the non-penalized team will have the option of declining the penalty; in which case the results of the previous play stand as if the penalty had not been called. One notable exception to this rule is if the kicking team on a 3rd down punt play is penalized before the kick occurs: the receiving team may not decline the penalty and take over on downs. After the kick is made, change of possession occurs and subsequent penalties are assessed against either the spot where the ball is caught, or the runback.

Q1: Who can decline a penalty?
A1: the non-penalized team
Q2: A team receiving a punt cannot decline a penalty on which down?
A2: 3rd down
Q3: The outcome of which play determines the placement of the ball when a penalty is declined?
A3: the previous play
Q4: What can a team do when they prefer the original outcome of a play to the situation they would have with a penalty assessed on the other team for that play?
A4: decline the penalty
During the last three minutes of a half, the penalty for failure to place the ball in play within the 20-second play clock, known as "time count" (this foul is known as "delay of game" in American football), is dramatically different from during the first 27 minutes. Instead of the penalty being 5 yards with the down repeated, the base penalty (except during convert attempts) becomes loss of down on first or second down, and 10 yards on third down with the down repeated. In addition, as noted previously, the referee can give possession to the defence for repeated deliberate time count violations on third down.

Q1: At which point in a game is the time the offence takes to put the ball in play measured?
A1: last three minutes of a half
Q2: How many seconds elapse before a time count penalty is assessed?
A2: 20
Q3: What is the penalty for a time count on the first two downs?
A3: loss of down
Q4: Who can turn the ball over to the other side if an offensive team incurs too many time count violations?
A4: referee
Q5: How many yards does the offense lose for a time count on third down?
A5: 10
The clock does not run during convert attempts in the last three minutes of a half. If the 15 minutes of a quarter expire while the ball is live, the quarter is extended until the ball becomes dead. If a quarter's time expires while the ball is dead, the quarter is extended for one more scrimmage. A quarter cannot end while a penalty is pending: after the penalty yardage is applied, the quarter is extended one scrimmage. Note that the non-penalized team has the option to decline any penalty it considers disadvantageous, so a losing team cannot indefinitely prolong a game by repeatedly committing infractions.

Q1: What happens to a quarter whose time expires while the ball is still live in play?
A1: extended
Q2: Which plays do not cause time to run off the clock during the final minutes of a half?
A2: convert attempts
Q3: What causes a quarter to be extended one additional play even if time has run out?
A3: penalty
Q4: How long is a quarter in minutes?
A4: 15
In the CFL, if the game is tied at the end of regulation play, then each team is given an equal number of chances to break the tie. A coin toss is held to determine which team will take possession first; the first team scrimmages the ball at the opponent's 35-yard line and advances through a series of downs until it scores or loses possession. If the team scores a touchdown, starting with the 2010 season, it is required to attempt a 2-point conversion. The other team then scrimmages the ball at the same 35-yard line and has the same opportunity to score. After the teams have completed their possessions, if one team is ahead, then it is declared the winner; otherwise, the two teams each get another chance to score, scrimmaging from the other 35-yard line. After this second round, if there is still no winner, during the regular season the game ends as a tie. In a playoff or championship game, the teams continue to attempt to score from alternating 35-yard lines, until one team is leading after both have had an equal number of possessions.

Q1: What determines which team gets possession first when extending a game to break a tie?
A1: coin toss
Q2: At which yard line on their opponent's side does a team take possession of the ball according to the CFL's tie-breaking rules?
A2: 35
Q3: In which year did the CFL begin requiring teams to attempt 2-point conversions after scoring in a tie-breaking situation?
A3: 2010
Q4: Which round of tie-breaking is the last possible round in a regular season CFL game?
A4: second
Q5: Which CFL games require tie-breaking rounds continue until a winner results?
A5: playoff or championship
The Seven Years' War was fought between 1755 and 1764, the main conflict occurring in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763. It involved every great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire, and affected Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India, and the Philippines. Considered a prelude to the two world wars and the greatest European war since the Thirty Years War of the 17th century, it once again split Europe into two coalitions, led by Great Britain on one side and France on the other. For the first time, aiming to curtail Britain and Prussia's ever-growing might, France formed a grand coalition of its own, which ended with failure as Britain rose as the world's predominant power, altering the European balance of power.

Q1: What countries led the two coalitions during the Seven Years' War?
A1: two coalitions, led by Great Britain on one side and France
Q2: What major power of the time was not involved in The Seven Years' War?
A2: It involved every great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire
Q3: When was the Seven Year' War fought?
A3: The Seven Years' War was fought between 1755 and 1764
Q4: What country emerged as the world's predominate power?
A4: Britain rose as the world's predominant power
Q5: What was the Seven Years' War considered as the prelude to?
A5: Considered a prelude to the two world wars
Realizing that war was imminent, Prussia preemptively struck Saxony and quickly overran it. The result caused uproar across Europe. Because of Prussia's alliance with Britain, Austria formed an alliance with France, seeing an opportunity to recapture Silesia, which had been lost in a previous war. Reluctantly, by following the imperial diet, most of the states of the empire joined Austria's cause. The Anglo-Prussian alliance was joined by smaller German states (especially Hanover). Sweden, fearing Prussia's expansionist tendencies, went to war in 1757 to protect its Baltic dominions, seeing its chance when virtually all of Europe opposed Prussia. Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched an utterly unsuccessful invasion of Portugal in 1762. The Russian Empire was originally aligned with Austria, fearing Prussia's ambition on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, but switched sides upon the succession of Tsar Peter III in 1762.

Q1: Who made the first strike of the Seven Years' War?
A1: Prussia preemptively struck
Q2: What area was the site of the first action in the Seven Years' War
A2: Saxony
Q3: What country allied with Prussia?
A3: Prussia's alliance with Britain
Q4: What was the initial country to ally with France?
A4: Austria formed an alliance with France
Q5: The smaller German states joined which side?
A5: Anglo-Prussian alliance was joined by smaller German states
Many middle and small powers in Europe, unlike in the previous wars, tried to steer clear away from the escalating conflict, even though they had interests in the conflict or with the belligerents, like Denmark-Norway. The Dutch Republic, long-time British ally, kept its neutrality intact, fearing the odds against Britain and Prussia fighting the great powers of Europe, even tried to prevent Britain's domination in India. Naples, Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party, declined to join the coalition under the fear of British power. The taxation needed for war caused the Russian people considerable hardship, being added to the taxation of salt and alcohol begun by Empress Elizabeth in 1759 to complete her addition to the Winter Palace. Like Sweden, Russia concluded a separate peace with Prussia.

Q1: With whom did the Dutch Republic align?
A1: The Dutch Republic, long-time British ally, kept its neutrality intact
Q2: Which side of the coalitions did Naples, Sicily and Savoy join?
A2: Naples, Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party, declined to join the coalition under the fear of British power
Q3: How did the war impact the Russian population?
A3: The taxation needed for war caused the Russian people considerable hardship
Q4: What items had already been taxed by Russian Empress Elizabeth?
A4: being added to the taxation of salt and alcohol begun by Empress Elizabeth in 1759
Q5: What two countries concluded a separate peace with Prussia?
A5: Like Sweden, Russia concluded a separate peace with Prussia.
Q6: Why did Denmark-Norway remain neutral rather than assisting its longtime ally, Britain?
A6: The Dutch Republic, long-time British ally, kept its neutrality intact, fearing the odds against Britain and Prussia fighting the great powers of Europe
Q7: Who would Sicily and Savoy normally align with?
A7: Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party
Q8: What did Russian Empress Elizabeth use the proceeds of the tax on salt and alcohol for?
A8: the taxation of salt and alcohol begun by Empress Elizabeth in 1759 to complete her addition to the Winter Palace.
Q9: Why did Naples remain neutral?
A9: Naples, Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party, declined to join the coalition under the fear of British power
The war was successful for Great Britain, which gained the bulk of New France in North America, Spanish Florida, some individual Caribbean islands in the West Indies, the colony of Senegal on the West African coast, and superiority over the French trading outposts on the Indian subcontinent. The Native American tribes were excluded from the settlement; a subsequent conflict, known as Pontiac's War, was also unsuccessful in returning them to their pre-war status. In Europe, the war began disastrously for Prussia, but a combination of good luck and successful strategy saw King Frederick the Great manage to retrieve the Prussian position and retain the status quo ante bellum. Prussia emerged as a new European great power. Although Austria failed to retrieve the territory of Silesia from Prussia (its original goal) its military prowess was also noted by the other powers. The involvement of Portugal, Spain and Sweden did not return them to their former status as great powers. France was deprived of many of its colonies and had saddled itself with heavy war debts that its inefficient financial system could barely handle. Spain lost Florida but gained French Louisiana and regained control of its colonies, e.g., Cuba and the Philippines, which had been captured by the British during the war. France and other European powers avenged their defeat in 1778 when the American Revolutionary War broke out, with hopes of destroying Britain's dominance once and for all.

Q1: What did Britain gain in North America from the war?
A1: Great Britain, which gained the bulk of New France in North America, Spanish Florida
Q2: What did Great Britain gain in the West Indies from the war?
A2: some individual Caribbean islands in the West Indies,
Q3: What did Great Britain gain in Africa from the war?
A3: the colony of Senegal on the West African coast
Q4: What happened to the scope of France's colonies as a result of the war?
A4: France was deprived of many of its colonies
Q5: How did the war impact France financially?
A5: had saddled itself with heavy war debts that its inefficient financial system could barely handle
The war has been described as the first "world war", although this label was also given to various earlier conflicts like the Eighty Years' War, the Thirty Years' War, the War of the Spanish Succession and the War of the Austrian Succession, and to later conflicts like the Napoleonic Wars. The term "Second Hundred Years' War" has been used in order to describe the almost continuous level of world-wide conflict during the entire 18th century, reminiscent of the more famous and compact struggle of the 14th century.

Q1: What is the grandest label that historians have used to describe the  Seven Years' War?
A1: The war has been described as the first "world war"
Q2: What does the term "Second Hundred Years' War" describe?
A2: The term "Second Hundred Years' War" has been used in order to describe the almost continuous level of world-wide conflict during the entire 18th century,
Q3: What is the precedent for the "Second Hundred Year's War?
A3: reminiscent of the more famous and compact struggle of the 14th century
Q4: What was a later conflict that some considered the first World War?
A4: to later conflicts like the Napoleonic Wars
Realizing that war was imminent, Prussia preemptively struck Saxony and quickly overran it. The result caused uproar across Europe. Because of Prussia's alliance with Britain, Austria formed an alliance with France, seeing an opportunity to recapture Silesia, which had been lost in a previous war. Reluctantly, by following the imperial diet, most of the states of the empire joined Austria's cause. The Anglo-Prussian alliance was joined by smaller German states (especially Hanover). Sweden, fearing Prussia's expansionist tendencies, went to war in 1757 to protect its Baltic dominions, seeing its chance when virtually all of Europe opposed Prussia. Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion of Portugal in 1762. The Russian Empire was originally aligned with Austria, fearing Prussia's ambition on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, but switched sides upon the succession of Tsar Peter III in 1762.

Q1: What was Sweden's motivation to join the war?
A1: Sweden, fearing Prussia's expansionist tendencies, went to war in 1757 to protect its Baltic dominions,
Q2: What country did Spain invade?
A2: Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion of Portugal
Q3: When did Spain invade?
A3: Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion of Portugal in 1762
Q4: What region did Austria hope to recapture?
A4: Austria formed an alliance with France, seeing an opportunity to recapture Silesia, which had been lost in a previous war
Q5: What was the result of the invasion by Spain?
A5: Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion
The war was successful for Great Britain, which gained the bulk of New France in North America, Spanish Florida, some individual Caribbean islands in the West Indies, the colony of Senegal on the West African coast, and superiority over the French trading outposts on the Indian subcontinent. The Native American tribes were excluded from the settlement; a subsequent conflict, known as Pontiac's War, was also unsuccessful in returning them to their pre-war status. In Europe, the war began disastrously for Prussia, but a combination of good luck and successful strategy saw King Frederick the Great manage to retrieve the Prussian position and retain the status quo ante bellum. Prussia emerged as a new European great power. The involvement of Portugal, Spain and Sweden did not return them to their former status as great powers. France was deprived of many of its colonies and had saddled itself with heavy war debts that its inefficient financial system could barely handle. Spain lost Florida but gained French Louisiana and regained control of its colonies, e.g., Cuba and the Philippines, which had been captured by the British during the war. France and other European powers will soon avenge their defeat in 1778 when American Revolutionary War broke out, with hopes of destroying Britain's dominance once and for all.

Q1: What did Great Britain gain with respect to the French trading outposts on the subcontinent of India?
A1: superiority over the French trading outposts
Q2: What was the result for the Native American tribes?
A2: The Native American tribes were excluded from the settlement
Q3: What did the Native American tribes accomplish in the later Pontiac's War?
A3: ; a subsequent conflict, known as Pontiac's War, was also unsuccessful in returning them to their pre-war status.
Q4: What were two factors that redeemed the outcome for the Prussians?
A4: good luck and successful strategy
Q5: Who was the leader of Prussia?
A5: King Frederick the Great
The War of the Austrian Succession had seen the belligerents aligned on a time-honoured basis. France’s traditional enemies, Great Britain and Austria, had coalesced just as they had done against Louis XIV. Prussia, the leading anti-Austrian state in Germany, had been supported by France. Neither group, however, found much reason to be satisfied with its partnership: British subsidies to Austria had produced nothing of much help to the British, while the British military effort had not saved Silesia for Austria. Prussia, having secured Silesia, had come to terms with Austria in disregard of French interests. Even so, France had concluded a defensive alliance with Prussia in 1747, and the maintenance of the Anglo-Austrian alignment after 1748 was deemed essential by the Duke of Newcastle, British secretary of state in the ministry of his brother Henry Pelham. The collapse of that system and the aligning of France with Austria and of Great Britain with Prussia constituted what is known as the “diplomatic revolution” or the “reversal of alliances.”

Q1: Who was the traditional partner with Great Britain at the beginning of the conflict?
A1: Great Britain and Austria, had coalesced
Q2: What was gained or lost by Austria?
A2: British military effort had not saved Silesia for Austria
Q3: What was the major gain by Great Britain by having Austria as it ally?
A3: British subsidies to Austria had produced nothing of much help to the British
Q4: What alliances were formed in the "diplomatic reversal"?
A4: The collapse of that system and the aligning of France with Austria and of Great Britain with Prussia constituted what is known as the “diplomatic revolution”
Q5: Did the loss of Silesia by Austria intensify its battle with Prussia?
A5: . Prussia, having secured Silesia, had come to terms with Austria
In 1756 Austria was making military preparations for war with Prussia and pursuing an alliance with Russia for this purpose. On June 2, 1746, Austria and Russia concluded a defensive alliance that covered their own territory and Poland against attack by Prussia or the Ottoman Empire. They also agreed to a secret clause that promised the restoration of Silesia and the countship of Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) to Austria in the event of hostilities with Prussia. Their real desire, however, was to destroy Frederick’s power altogether, reducing his sway to his electorate of Brandenburg and giving East Prussia to Poland, an exchange that would be accompanied by the cession of the Polish Duchy of Courland to Russia. Aleksey Petrovich, Graf (count) Bestuzhev-Ryumin, grand chancellor of Russia under Empress Elizabeth, was hostile to both France and Prussia, but he could not persuade Austrian statesman Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz to commit to offensive designs against Prussia so long as Prussia was able to rely on French support.

Q1: What Russian-Austrian agreement preceded the Seven Years War that started in 1755-56?
A1: June 2, 1746, Austria and Russia concluded a defensive alliance that covered their own territory and Poland against attack by Prussia or the Ottoman Empire
Q2: According to the Russian-Austrian pact of 1746, what would happen to Silesia in the event of hostilities with Prussia?
A2: They also agreed to a secret clause that promised the restoration of Silesia and the countship of Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) to Austria
Q3: What other area was mentioned regarding Prussian dominion in the Russian-Austrian pact?
A3: the countship of Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) to Austria
Q4: What individual was the main target of the pact?
A4: Their real desire, however, was to destroy Frederick’s power altogether
Q5: Why couldn't Petrovich persuade Austria to invade Prussia?
A5: he could not persuade Austrian statesman Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz to commit to offensive designs against Prussia
The Hanoverian king George II of Great Britain was passionately devoted to his family’s continental holdings, but his commitments in Germany were counterbalanced by the demands of the British colonies overseas. If war against France for colonial expansion was to be resumed, then Hanover had to be secured against Franco-Prussian attack. France was very much interested in colonial expansion and was willing to exploit the vulnerability of Hanover in war against Great Britain, but it had no desire to divert forces to central Europe for Prussia's interest.

Q1: What was the house of king George II?
A1: Hanover
Q2: Name two diverse geographies that king George II had to protect.
A2: his commitments in Germany were counterbalanced by the demands of the British colonies overseas
Q3: How anxious was France to assist Prussia to take over Hanover?
A3: it had no desire to divert forces to central Europe for Prussia's interest.
Q4: Why would France want to invade Hanover?
A4: France was very much interested in colonial expansion and was willing to exploit the vulnerability of Hanover in war against Great Britain
Q5: What was Britain's obligation to Hanover if colonial expansion via war with France was to be resumed?
A5: Hanover had to be secured against Franco-Prussian attack
French policy was, moreover, complicated by the existence of the le Secret du roi—a system of private diplomacy conducted by King Louis XV. Unbeknownst to his foreign minister, Louis had established a network of agents throughout Europe with the goal of pursuing personal political objectives that were often at odds with France’s publicly stated policies. Louis’s goals for le Secret du roi included an attempt to win the Polish crown for his kinsman Louis François de Bourbon, prince de Conti, and the maintenance of Poland, Sweden, and Turkey as French client states in opposition to Russian and Austrian interests.

Q1: What was the objective of le Secret du roi?
A1: goal of pursuing personal political objectives that were often at odds with France’s publicly stated policies
Q2: Who did King Louis XV want on the Polish throne?
A2: his kinsman Louis François de Bourbon, prince de Conti,
Q3: What was King Louis XV's secret ambition for Sweden and Turkey?
A3: Sweden, and Turkey as French client states in opposition to Russian and Austrian interests
Q4: What French official was kept in the dark about le Secret du roi?
A4: Unbeknownst to his foreign minister,
Q5: What countries did King Louis XV want keep in his sphere of influence to thwart the interests of Russia?
A5: Poland, Sweden, and Turkey as French client states in opposition to Russian