romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Tourist hotspots in Portugal are Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra, also, between 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit Fátima each year, where apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children reportedly took place in 1917. The Sanctuary of Fátima is one of the largest Roman Catholic shrines in the world. The Portuguese government continues to promote and develop new tourist destinations, such as the Douro Valley, the island of Porto Santo, and Alentejo. Lisbon is the 16th European city which attracts the most tourists (with seven million tourists occupying the city's hotels in 2006, a number that grew 11.8% compared to previous year). Lisbon in recent years surpassed the Algarve as the leading tourist region in Portugal. Porto and Northern Portugal, especially the urban areas north of Douro River valley, was the tourist destination which grew most (11.9%) in 2006, surpassing Madeira (in 2010), as the third most visited destination.[citation needed]

Q1: What are the tourist hotspots in Portugal?
A1: Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra
Q2: Where do 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit in Portugal every year?
A2: Fátima
Q3: What apparitions reportedly took place in 1917?
A3: Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children
Q4: What tourist destinations are the Portuguese government continuing to promote and develop?
A4: Douro Valley, the island of Porto Santo, and Alentejo
Q5: What is the 16th European city to attract the most tourists?
A5: Lisbon
By the early 1970s Portugal's fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles set the priority for improvements in transportation. Again in the 1990s, after joining the European Economic Community, the country built many new motorways. Today, the country has a 68,732 km (42,708 mi) road network, of which almost 3,000 km (1,864 mi) are part of system of 44 motorways. Opened in 1944, the first motorway (which linked Lisbon to the National Stadium) was an innovative project that made Portugal among one of the first countries in the world to establish a motorway (this roadway eventually became the Lisbon-Cascais highway, or A5). But, although a few other tracts were created (around 1960 and 1970), it was only after the beginning of the 1980s that large-scale motorway construction was implemented. In 1972, Brisa, the highway concessionaire, was founded to handle the management of many of the regions motorways. On many highways, toll needs to be paid, see Via Verde. Vasco da Gama bridge is the longest bridge in Europe.

Q1: What prompted transportation improvements in Portugal in the 1970's?
A1: fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles
Q2: After joining the European Economic Community in the 90's, what did Portugal begin building?
A2: new motorways
Q3: How long is Portugal's total road network?
A3: 68,732 km (42,708 mi)
Q4: In which year was the first motorway opened in Portugal?
A4: 1944
Continental Portugal's 89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi) territory is serviced by four international airports located near the principal cities of Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja. Lisbon's geographical position makes it a stopover for many foreign airlines at several airports within the country. The primary flag-carrier is TAP Portugal, although many other domestic airlines provide services within and without the country. The government decided to build a new airport outside Lisbon, in Alcochete, to replace Lisbon Portela Airport, though this plan has been stalled due to the austerity. Currently, the most important airports are in Lisbon, Porto, Faro, Funchal (Madeira), and Ponta Delgada (Azores), managed by the national airport authority group ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal.

Q1: How much land does the Continental Portugal cover?
A1: 89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi)
Q2: How many national airports does Portugal have?
A2: four
Q3: Near what cities are the Portuguese airports located?
A3: Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja
Q4: Why is Lisbon a popular stopover for many foreign airlines?
A4: geographical position
Q5: What is the primary flag-carrier in Portugal?
A5: TAP Portugal
A national railway system that extends throughout the country and into Spain, is supported and administered by Comboios de Portugal. Rail transport of passengers and goods is derived using the 2,791 km (1,734 mi) of railway lines currently in service, of which 1,430 km (889 mi) are electrified and about 900 km (559 mi) allow train speeds greater than 120 km/h (75 mph). The railway network is managed by the REFER while the transport of passengers and goods are the responsibility of Comboios de Portugal (CP), both public companies. In 2006 the CP carried 133 million passengers and 9,750,000 t (9,600,000 long tons; 10,700,000 short tons) of goods.

Q1: Into what country does Portugal's railway system expand?
A1: Spain
Q2: What entity supports and administrates Portugal's railway system?
A2: Comboios de Portugal
Q3: How long is the total railway system in Portugal?
A3: 2,791 km (1,734 mi)
Q4: How long is the amount of railway lines that are electrified?
A4: 1,430 km (889 mi)
Q5: How long is the amount of railway lines that permit speeds greater than 120 km/h?
A5: 900 km (559 mi)
The two largest metropolitan areas have subway systems: Lisbon Metro and Metro Sul do Tejo in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and Porto Metro in the Porto Metropolitan Area, each with more than 35 km (22 mi) of lines. In Portugal, Lisbon tram services have been supplied by the Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (Carris), for over a century. In Porto, a tram network, of which only a tourist line on the shores of the Douro remain, began construction on 12 September 1895 (a first for the Iberian Peninsula). All major cities and towns have their own local urban transport network, as well as taxi services.

Q1: What are the two subway systems in Portugal?
A1: Lisbon Metro and Metro Sul do Tejo in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and Porto Metro in the Porto Metropolitan Area
Q2: How long are each of the subway systems?
A2: more than 35 km (22 mi)
Q3: By what company have the Lisbon tram services been supplies by?
A3: Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (Carris)
Q4: For how long has the Libon tram service existed?
A4: over a century
Scientific and technological research activities in Portugal are mainly conducted within a network of R&D units belonging to public universities and state-managed autonomous research institutions like the INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação and the INRB – Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos. The funding and management of this research system is mainly conducted under the authority of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (MCTES) itself and the MCTES's Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT). The largest R&D units of the public universities by volume of research grants and peer-reviewed publications, include biosciences research institutions like the Instituto de Medicina Molecular, the Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, the IPATIMUP, the Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and the Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute.

Q1: In what type of network are most scientific research studies conducted in Portugal?
A1: R&D units belonging to public universities and state-managed autonomous research institutions
Q2: What is one example of a state-managed autonomous research institution?
A2: INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação
Q3: By which ministry is authority granted for funding and managing Portugal's research system?
A3: Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (MCTES)
Among the largest non-state-run research institutions in Portugal are the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência and the Champalimaud Foundation, a neuroscience and oncology research centre, which in addition awards every year one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world. A number of both national and multinational high-tech and industrial companies, are also responsible for research and development projects. One of the oldest learned societies of Portugal is the Sciences Academy of Lisbon, founded in 1779.

Q1: What are two of the large non-state run research institutions in Portugal?
A1: Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência and the Champalimaud Foundation
Q2: What is the Champalimaud Foundation?
A2: neuroscience and oncology research centre
Q3: What does the Champalimaud Foundation award every year?
A3: one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world
Q4: In what year was the Sciences Academy of Lisbon founded?
A4: 1779
Portugal has the largest aquarium in Europe, the Lisbon Oceanarium, and the Portuguese have several other notable organizations focused on science-related exhibits and divulgation, like the state agency Ciência Viva, a programme of the Portuguese Ministry of Science and Technology to the promotion of a scientific and technological culture among the Portuguese population, the Science Museum of the University of Coimbra, the National Museum of Natural History at the University of Lisbon, and the Visionarium.

Q1: What is the name of the largest European aquarium?
A1: Lisbon Oceanarium
Q2: What does the state agency Ciencia Viva promote?
A2: scientific and technological culture among the Portuguese population
Q3: What are some examples of notable organizations focused on scientific exhibitions?
A3: Science Museum of the University of Coimbra, the National Museum of Natural History at the University of Lisbon, and the Visionarium
With the emergence and growth of several science parks throughout the world that helped create many thousands of scientific, technological and knowledge-based businesses, Portugal started to develop several science parks across the country. These include the Taguspark (in Oeiras), the Coimbra iParque (in Coimbra), the biocant (in Cantanhede), the Madeira Tecnopolo (in Funchal), Sines Tecnopolo (in Sines), Tecmaia (in Maia) and Parkurbis (in Covilhã). Companies locate in the Portuguese science parks to take advantage of a variety of services ranging from financial and legal advice through to marketing and technological support.

Q1: What was responsible for creating thousands of scientific, technological, and knowledge-based businesses?
A1: the emergence and growth of several science parks throughout the world
Q2: What are some examples of the science parks being built in Portugal?
A2: Taguspark (in Oeiras), the Coimbra iParque (in Coimbra), the biocant (in Cantanhede), the Madeira Tecnopolo (in Funchal)
Q3: For what reason to companies locate in the Portuguese science parks?
A3: take advantage of a variety of services ranging from financial and legal advice through to marketing and technological support
Portugal has considerable resources of wind and river power, the two most cost-effective renewable sources. Since the turn of the 21st century, there has been a trend towards the development of a renewable resource industry and reduction of both consumption and use of fossil fuel resources. In 2006, the world's largest solar power plant at that date, the Moura Photovoltaic Power Station, began operating near Moura, in the south, while the world's first commercial wave power farm, the Aguçadoura Wave Farm, opened in the Norte region (2008). By the end of 2006, 66% of the country's electrical production was from coal and fuel power plants, while 29% were derived from hydroelectric dams, and 6% by wind energy.

Q1: What are the two most considerable sources of renewable energy in Portugal?
A1: wind and river power
Q2: Where was Moura Photovoltaic Power Station located?
A2: Moura, in the south
Q3: Where was the Agucadoura Wave Farm located?
A3: Norte region
Q4: By the end of 2006, what percentage of Portugal's energy production was from renewable sources?
A4: 29%
Portugal’s national energy transmission company, Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN), uses sophisticated modeling to predict weather, especially wind patterns, and computer programs to calculate energy from the various renewable-energy plants. Before the solar/wind revolution, Portugal had generated electricity from hydropower plants on its rivers for decades. New programs combine wind and water: wind-driven turbines pump water uphill at night, the most blustery period; then the water flows downhill by day, generating electricity, when consumer demand is highest. Portugal’s distribution system is also now a two-way street. Instead of just delivering electricity, it draws electricity from even the smallest generators, like rooftop solar panels. The government aggressively encouraged such contributions by setting a premium price for those who buy rooftop-generated solar electricity.

Q1: What is the name of Portugal's national energy transmission company?
A1: Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN)
Q2: What does REN do?
A2: uses sophisticated modeling to predict weather, especially wind patterns, and computer programs to calculate energy from the various renewable-energy plants
Q3: Through what renewable resource had Portugal generated electricity before the solar/wind revolution?
A3: hydropower plants on its rivers
Q4: What is used to pump water uphill in Portugal?
A4: wind-driven turbines
Q5: How did the Portuguese government encourage rooftop solar panels?
A5: setting a premium price
The Statistics Portugal (Portuguese: INE - Instituto Nacional de Estatística) estimates that, according to the 2011 census, the population was 10,562,178 (of which 52% was female, 48% was male). This population has been relatively homogeneous for most of its history: a single religion (Catholicism) and a single language have contributed to this ethnic and national unity, namely after the expulsion of the Moors and Jews. A considerable number of Moors and Jews, nevertheless, stayed in Portugal, under the condition that they converted to Catholicism, and afterwards they were known as Mouriscos (former Muslims) and Cristãos Novos (New Christians or former Jews) some of whom may have continued to observe rabbinic Judaism in secret, as in the case of the secret Jews of Belmonte, who now observe the Jewish faith openly. After 1772 the distinction between Old and New Christians was abolished by decree. Some famous Portuguese New Christians were the mathematician Pedro Nunes and the physician and naturalist Garcia de Orta.

Q1: What was the Portuguese population in 2011?
A1: 10,562,178
Q2: What percentage of the Portuguese population in 2011 was female?
A2: 52%
Q3: What percentage of the Portuguese population in 2011 was male?
A3: 48%
Q4: What is the dominant religion in Portugal?
A4: Catholicism
Q5: What were the Moors who converted to Catholicism known as?
A5: Mouriscos
The most important demographic influence in the modern Portuguese seems to be the oldest one; current interpretation of Y-chromosome and mtDNA data suggests that the Portuguese have their origin in Paleolithic peoples that began arriving to the European continent around 45,000 years ago. All subsequent migrations did leave an impact, genetically and culturally, but the main population source of the Portuguese is still Paleolithic. Genetic studies show Portuguese populations not to be significantly different from other European populations.

Q1: In what group of people do the Portuguese have their origin?
A1: Paleolithic peoples
Q2: When did people first start arriving in the European continent?
A2: 45,000 years ago
Q3: What is the main population source of the Portuguese people?
A3: Paleolithic
Portugal's colonial history has long since been a cornerstone of its national identity, as has its geographic position at the south-western corner of Europe, looking out into the Atlantic Ocean. It was one of the last western colonial European powers to give up its overseas territories (among them Angola and Mozambique in 1975), turning over the administration of Macau to the People's Republic of China at the end of 1999. Consequently, it has both influenced and been influenced by cultures from former colonies or dependencies, resulting in immigration from these former territories for both economic and/or personal reasons. Portugal, long a country of emigration (the vast majority of Brazilians have Portuguese ancestry), has now become a country of net immigration, and not just from the last Indian (Portuguese until 1961), African (Portuguese until 1975), and Far East Asian (Portuguese until 1999) overseas territories. An estimated 800,000 Portuguese returned to Portugal as the country's African possessions gained independence in 1975. By 2007, Portugal had 10,617,575 inhabitants of whom about 332,137 were legal immigrants.

Q1: What is the cornerstone of Portugal's national identity?
A1: colonial history
Q2: Which ocean does Portugal border?
A2: Atlantic Ocean
Q3: What were two of the last territories Portugal gave up?
A3: Angola and Mozambique
Q4: The vast majority of Brazilians have what ancestry in common?
A4: Portuguese
Q5: How many inhabitants did Portugal have by 2007?
A5: 10,617,575
According to the 2011 Census, 81.0% of the Portuguese population are Roman Catholic. The country has small Protestant, Latter-day Saint, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i, Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist communities. Influences from African Traditional Religion and Chinese Traditional Religion are also felt among many people, particularly in fields related with Traditional Chinese Medicine and African Witch Doctors. Some 6.8% of the population declared themselves to be non-religious, and 8.3% did not give any answer about their religion.

Q1: What percentage of the Portuguese people are Roman Catholic?
A1: 81.0%
Q2: What other religious communities exist in Portugal?
A2: Protestant, Latter-day Saint, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i, Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist
Q3: What percentage of the Portuguese people identify as non-religious?
A3: 6.8%
Q4: What percentage of the Portuguese population did not give an answer for their religion in the 2011 census?
A4: 8.3%
Many Portuguese holidays, festivals and traditions have a Christian origin or connotation. Although relations between the Portuguese state and the Roman Catholic Church were generally amiable and stable since the earliest years of the Portuguese nation, their relative power fluctuated. In the 13th and 14th centuries, the church enjoyed both riches and power stemming from its role in the reconquest, its close identification with early Portuguese nationalism and the foundation of the Portuguese educational system, including the first university. The growth of the Portuguese overseas empire made its missionaries important agents of colonization, with important roles in the education and evangelization of people from all the inhabited continents. The growth of liberal and nascent republican movements during the eras leading to the formation of the First Portuguese Republic (1910–26) changed the role and importance of organized religion.

Q1: In what religion do many Portuguese holidays and festivals find their origin?
A1: Christian
Q2: In what centuries did the Roman Catholic Church play a role in the reconquest?
A2: 13th and 14th
Q3: What changed the role and importance of organized religion in Portugal?
A3: formation of the First Portuguese Republic
Q4: During what years did the formation of the First Portuguese Republic take place?
A4: 1910–26
Within the white inescutcheon, the five quinas (small blue shields) with their five white bezants representing the five wounds of Christ (Portuguese: Cinco Chagas) when crucified and are popularly associated with the "Miracle of Ourique". The story associated with this miracle tells that before the Battle of Ourique (25 July 1139), an old hermit appeared before Count Afonso Henriques (future Afonso I) as a divine messenger. He foretold Afonso's victory and assured him that God was watching over him and his peers. The messenger advised him to walk away from his camp, alone, if he heard a nearby chapel bell tolling, in the following night. In doing so, he witnessed an apparition of Jesus on the cross. Ecstatic, Afonso heard Jesus promising victories for the coming battles, as well as God's wish to act through Afonso, and his descendants, in order to create an empire which would carry His name to unknown lands, thus choosing the Portuguese to perform great tasks.

Q1: On what date did the Battle of Ourique take place?
A1: 25 July 1139
Q2: Afonso heard Jesus promising what?
A2: victories for the coming battles, as well as God's wish to act through Afonso
Q3: Why did God want to act through Afonso?
A3: in order to create an empire which would carry His name to unknown lands
Portuguese is the official language of Portugal. Portuguese is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia and Northern Portugal, originating from Galician-Portuguese, which was the common language of the Galician and Portuguese people until the independence of Portugal. Particularly in the North of Portugal, there are still many similarities between the Galician culture and the Portuguese culture. Galicia is a consultative observer of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. According to the Ethnologue of Languages, Portuguese and Spanish have a lexical similarity of 89% - educated speakers of each language can communicate easily with one another.

Q1: What is the official name of Portugal?
A1: Portuguese
Q2: What type of language is Portuguese?
A2: Romance
Q3: Where did Portuguese originate?
A3: Galicia and Northern Portugal
Q4: What was the common name of the Galician and Portuguese people?
A4: Galician-Portuguese
The Portuguese language is derived from the Latin spoken by the romanized Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula around 2000 years ago—particularly the Celts, Tartessians, Lusitanians and Iberians. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the language spread worldwide as Portugal established a colonial and commercial empire between 1415 and 1999. Portuguese is now spoken as a native language in five different continents, with Brazil accounting for the largest number of native Portuguese speakers of any country (200 million speakers in 2012).

Q1: From what language is Portuguese derived?
A1: Latin
Q2: By what group of people is Portuguese derived?
A2: Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula
Q3: Between what years did Portugal establish a colonial and commercial empire?
A3: 1415 and 1999
Q4: In how many continents is Portuguese spoken as a native language?
A4: five
Q5: What country has the largest number of native Portuguese speakers?
A5: Brazil
The total adult literacy rate is 99 percent. Portuguese primary school enrollments are close to 100 percent. According to the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2009, the average Portuguese 15-year-old student, when rated in terms of reading literacy, mathematics and science knowledge, is placed at the same level as those students from the United States, Sweden, Germany, Ireland, France, Denmark, United Kingdom, Hungary and Taipei, with 489 points (493 is the average). Over 35% of college-age citizens (20 years old) attend one of the country's higher education institutions (compared with 50% in the United States and 35% in the OECD countries). In addition to being a destination for international students, Portugal is also among the top places of origin for international students. All higher education students, both domestic and international, totaled 380,937 in 2005.

Q1: What is the adult literacy rate in Portugal?
A1: 99 percent
Q2: Portuguese primary school enrollment is close to what percent?
A2: 100 percent
Q3: What percentage of college-age citizens attend a higher education institution in Portugal?
A3: Over 35%
Q4: What percentage of college-age citizens attend a higher education institution in the United States?
A4: 50%