romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
The armed forces have three branches: Navy, Army and Air Force. They serve primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and provide humanitarian assistance and security at home and abroad. As of 2008, the three branches numbered 39,200 active personnel including 7,500 women. Portuguese military expenditure in 2009 was $5.2 billion, representing 2.1 percent of GDP. Military conscription was abolished in 2004. The minimum age for voluntary recruitment is 18 years.

Q1: How many branches make up the Portuguese armed forces?
A1: three
Q2: What are the branches of the Portuguese armed forces?
A2: Navy, Army and Air Force
Q3: What is the primary purpose of the Portuguese armed forces?
A3: primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and provide humanitarian assistance and security
Q4: How many women were in the Portuguese armed forces in 2008?
A4: 7,500
Q5: How much money was spent on the Portuguese armed forced in 2009?
A5: $5.2 billion, representing 2.1 percent of GDP
The Army (21,000 personnel) comprises three brigades and other small units. An infantry brigade (mainly equipped with Pandur II APC), a mechanized brigade (mainly equipped with Leopard 2 A6 tanks and M113 APC) and a Rapid Reaction Brigade (consisting of paratroopers, commandos and rangers). The Navy (10,700 personnel, of which 1,580 are marines) has five frigates, seven corvettes, two submarines, and 28 patrol and auxiliary vessels. The Air Force (7,500 personnel) has the Lockheed F-16 Fighting Falcon and the Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet as the main combat aircraft.

Q1: What is the number of personnel in the army?
A1: 21,000
Q2: With what is the infantry brigade mainly equipped with?
A2: Pandur II APC
Q3: What is the mechanized brigade mainly equipped with?
A3: Leopard 2 A6 tanks and M113 APC
Q4: What does the Rapid Reaction Brigade consist of?
A4: paratroopers, commandos and rangers
Q5: How many personnel does the Navy have?
A5: 10,700
In the 20th century, Portugal engaged in two major conflicts: World War I and the Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974). After the end of the Portuguese Empire in 1975, the Portuguese Armed Forces have participated in peacekeeping missions in East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Somalia, Iraq (Nasiriyah) and Lebanon. Portugal also conducted several independent unilateral military operations abroad, as were the cases of the interventions of the Portuguese Armed Forces in Angola in 1992 and in Guinea-Bissau in 1998 with the main objectives of protecting and withdrawing of Portuguese and foreign citizens threatened by local civil conflicts.

Q1: In what two major conflicts did Portugal engage in during the 20th century?
A1: World War I and the Portuguese Colonial War
Q2: During which years was the Portuguese Colonial War fought?
A2: 1961–1974
Q3: In what countries have the Portuguese Armed Forces participated in peacekeeping missions?
A3: East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Somalia, Iraq (Nasiriyah) and Lebanon
Q4: What are two examples of independent Portuguese unilateral military operations conducted abroad?
A4: Angola in 1992 and in Guinea-Bissau in 1998
After the bailout was announced, the Portuguese government headed by Pedro Passos Coelho managed to implement measures with the intention of improve the State's financial situation, including tax hikes, a freeze of civil service-related lower-wages and cuts of higher-wages by 14.3%, on top of the government's spending cuts. The Portuguese government also agreed to eliminate its golden share in Portugal Telecom which gave it veto power over vital decisions. In 2012, all public servants had already seen an average wage cut of 20% relative to their 2010 baseline, with cuts reaching 25% for those earning more than 1,500 euro per month.

Q1: Who headed the government after the bailout was announced?
A1: Pedro Passos Coelho
Q2: What was the purpose of the Portuguese bailout?
A2: improve the State's financial situation
Q3: How was the Portuguese bailout implemented?
A3: tax hikes, a freeze of civil service-related lower-wages and cuts of higher-wages by 14.3%, on top of the government's spending cuts
Q4: Between 2010 and 2012, by what percentage were the wages of public servants cut?
A4: 20%
A report released in January 2011 by the Diário de Notícias and published in Portugal by Gradiva, had demonstrated that in the period between the Carnation Revolution in 1974 and 2010, the democratic Portuguese Republic governments encouraged over-expenditure and investment bubbles through unclear Public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy and advisory of committees and firms. This allowed considerable slippage in state-managed public works and inflated top management and head officer bonuses and wages. Persistent and lasting recruitment policies boosted the number of redundant public servants. Risky credit, public debt creation, and European structural and cohesion funds were mismanaged across almost four decades.

Q1: In which year did the Carnation Revolution take place?
A1: 1974
Q2: Between 1974 and 2010, how did the Portuguese government encourage over-expenditure and investment bubbles?
A2: unclear Public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy and advisory of committees and firms
Q3: By whom was a report published in 2011 that demonstrated the Portuguese government encouraged over-expenditure and investment bubbles?
A3: Diário de Notícias
After the financial crisis of 2007–08, it was known in 2008–2009 that two Portuguese banks (Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)) had been accumulating losses for years due to bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud. The case of BPN was particularly serious because of its size, market share, and the political implications - Portugal's then current President, Cavaco Silva, and some of his political allies, maintained personal and business relationships with the bank and its CEO, who was eventually charged and arrested for fraud and other crimes. In the grounds of avoiding a potentially serious financial crisis in the Portuguese economy, the Portuguese government decided to give them a bailout, eventually at a future loss to taxpayers and to the Portuguese people in general.

Q1: In what two years was there a financial crisis?
A1: 2007–08
Q2: Which two Portuguese banks had been accumulating losses for years?
A2: Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)
Q3: What caused BPN and BPP to accumulate losses?
A3: bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud
Q4: Why was the case of BPN more serious?
A4: its size, market share, and the political implications
Q5: On what charge was BPN's CEO arrested?
A5: fraud
The Portuguese currency is the euro (€), which replaced the Portuguese Escudo, and the country was one of the original member states of the eurozone. Portugal's central bank is the Banco de Portugal, an integral part of the European System of Central Banks. Most industries, businesses and financial institutions are concentrated in the Lisbon and Porto metropolitan areas—the Setúbal, Aveiro, Braga, Coimbra and Leiria districts are the biggest economic centres outside these two main areas.[citation needed] According to World Travel Awards, Portugal is the Europe's Leading Golf Destination 2012 and 2013.

Q1: What currency does Portugal use?
A1: the euro (€)
Q2: What currency did the euro replace in Portugal?
A2: Portuguese Escudo
Q3: What is the name of Portugal's central bank?
A3: Banco de Portugal
Q4: In what two areas are most Portuguese industries, businesses, and financial institutions concentrated?
A4: Lisbon and Porto metropolitan areas
Q5: According to World Travel Awards, for what activity is Portugal known as Europe's leading destination?
A5: Golf
Since the Carnation Revolution of 1974, which culminated in the end of one of Portugal's most notable phases of economic expansion (that started in the 1960s), a significant change has occurred in the nation's annual economic growth.[citation needed] After the turmoil of the 1974 revolution and the PREC period, Portugal tried to adapt to a changing modern global economy, a process that continues in 2013. Since the 1990s, Portugal's public consumption-based economic development model has been slowly changing to a system that is focused on exports, private investment and the development of the high-tech sector. Consequently, business services have overtaken more traditional industries such as textiles, clothing, footwear and cork (Portugal is the world's leading cork producer), wood products and beverages.

Q1: In which year did the Carnation Revolution take place?
A1: 1974
Q2: What period followed the Carnation Revolution?
A2: PREC period
Q3: Since the 90's, how has Portugal's economic development model been changing?
A3: changing to a system that is focused on exports, private investment and the development of the high-tech sector
Q4: What are the more traditional industries that have existed in Portugal?
A4: textiles, clothing, footwear and cork
Q5: What is Portugal the world's leading producer of?
A5: cork
In the second decade of the 21st century the Portuguese economy suffered its most severe recession since the 1970s resulting in the country having to be bailed out by the European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund. The bailout, agreed to in 2011, required Portugal to enter into a range of austerity measures in exchange for funding support of €78 billion. In May 2014 the country exited the bailout but reaffirmed its commitment to maintaining its reformist momentum. At the time of exiting the bailout the economy had contracted by 0.7% in the first quarter of 2014, however unemployment, while still high had fallen to 15.3 percent.

Q1: By what entities was the Portuguese economy bailed out?
A1: European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund
Q2: In what year was the economic bailout agreed to?
A2: 2011
Q3: How much money was agreed to in the financial bailout?
A3: €78 billion
Q4: When did Portugal exit the bailout?
A4: May 2014
Q5: By the time Portugal exited the bailout, to what percentage had the unemployment rate fallen?
A5: 15.3 percent
Agriculture in Portugal is based on small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units. However, the sector also includes larger scale intensive farming export-oriented agrobusinesses backed by companies (like Grupo RAR's Vitacress, Sovena, Lactogal, Vale da Rosa, Companhia das Lezírias and Valouro). The country produces a wide variety of crops and livestock products, including tomatoes, citrus, green vegetables, rice, corn, barley, olives, oilseeds, nuts, cherries, bilberry, table grapes, edible mushrooms, dairy products, poultry and beef.

Q1: Upon what is Portuguese agriculture based?
A1: small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units
Q2: What types of companies back more large scale, export-oriented agrobusinesses in Portugal?
A2: Grupo RAR's Vitacress, Sovena, Lactogal, Vale da Rosa, Companhia das Lezírias and Valouro
Q3: What types of crops does Portugal produce?
A3: tomatoes, citrus, green vegetables, rice, corn, barley, olives, oilseeds, nuts, cherries, bilberry, table grapes, edible mushrooms
Q4: What types of livestock products does Portugal produce?
A4: dairy products, poultry and beef
Traditionally a sea-power, Portugal has had a strong tradition in the Portuguese fishing sector and is one of the countries with the highest fish consumption per capita. The main landing sites in Portugal (including Azores and Madeira), according to total landings in weight by year, are the harbours of Matosinhos, Peniche, Olhão, Sesimbra, Figueira da Foz, Sines, Portimão and Madeira. Portuguese processed fish products are exported through several companies, under a number of different brands and registered trademarks, such as Ramirez (the world’s oldest active canned fish producer), Bom Petisco, Nero, Combate, Comur, General, Líder, Manná, Murtosa, Pescador, Pitéu, Tenório, Torreira and Vasco da Gama.[citation needed]

Q1: Which company is the world's oldest canned fish producer?
A1: Ramirez
Q2: What are the names of various companies that produce and export fish products?
A2: Bom Petisco, Nero, Combate, Comur, General, Líder, Manná, Murtosa, Pescador, Pitéu, Tenório, Torreira and Vasco da Gama
Q3: What food does Portugal have one of the highest rates of consumption of?
A3: fish
Portugal is a significant European minerals producer and is ranked among Europe's leading copper producers. The nation is also a notable producer of tin, tungsten and uranium. However, the country lacks the potential to conduct hydrocarbon exploration and aluminium, a limitation that has hindered the development of Portugal's mining and metallurgy sectors. Although the country has vast iron and coal reserves—mainly in the north—after the 1974 revolution and the consequent economic globalization, low competitiveness forced a decrease in the extraction activity for these minerals. The Panasqueira and Neves-Corvo mines are among the most recognised Portuguese mines that are still in operation.[citation needed]

Q1: What mineral is Portugal ranked as a leading European producer of?
A1: copper
Q2: What are three types of minerals Portugal is a notable producer of?
A2: tin, tungsten and uranium
Q3: What type of exploration does Portugal lack the potential for?
A3: hydrocarbon
Q4: In which region does Portugal have vast reserves of iron and coal?
A4: north
Q5: What event triggered a decrease in the extraction of Portugal's natural resources?
A5: 1974 revolution and the consequent economic globalization
Industry is diversified, ranging from automotive (Volkswagen Autoeuropa and Peugeot Citroen), aerospace (Embraer and OGMA), electronics and textiles, to food, chemicals, cement and wood pulp. Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa motor vehicle assembly plant in Palmela is among the largest foreign direct investment projects in Portugal. Modern non-traditional technology-based industries, such as aerospace, biotechnology and information technology, have been developed in several locations across the country. Alverca, Covilhã, Évora, and Ponte de Sor are the main centres of the Portuguese aerospace industry, which is led by Brazil-based company Embraer and the Portuguese company OGMA. Following the turn of the 21st century, many major biotechnology and information technology industries have been founded, and are concentrated in the metropolitan areas of Lisbon, Porto, Braga, Coimbra and Aveiro.[citation needed]

Q1: What automotive brands exist in Portugal?
A1: Volkswagen Autoeuropa and Peugeot Citroen
Q2: What aerospace companies exist in Portugal?
A2: Embraer and OGMA
Q3: Where is Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa assembly plant located?
A3: Palmela
Q4: What are the main centers for the Portuguese aerospace industries?
A4: Alverca, Covilhã, Évora, and Ponte de Sor
Q5: Where are the main centers of the biotech and IT industries located?
A5: Lisbon, Porto, Braga, Coimbra and Aveiro
Travel and tourism continue to be extremely important for Portugal, with visitor numbers forecast to increase significantly in the future.[citation needed] However, the increasing competition from Eastern European destinations continues to develop, with the presence of similar attractions that are often cheaper in countries such as Croatia. Consequently, it has been necessary for the country to focus upon its niche attractions, such as health, nature and rural tourism, to stay ahead of its competitors.

Q1: Portuguese tourist numbers are expected to do what in the future?
A1: increase
Q2: With what area does Portugal compete with for tourists?
A2: Eastern European destinations
Q3: How does Portugal compete with other areas for tourists?
A3: focus upon its niche attractions
Q4: What attractions does Portugal have to offer tourists?
A4: health, nature and rural tourism
The poor performance of the Portuguese economy was explored in April 2007 by The Economist, which described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe". From 2002 to 2007, the number of unemployed increased by 65% (270,500 unemployed citizens in 2002, 448,600 unemployed citizens in 2007). By early December 2009, the unemployment rate had reached 10.2% – a 23-year record high. In December 2009, ratings agency Standard & Poor's lowered its long-term credit assessment of Portugal to "negative" from "stable," voicing pessimism on the country's structural weaknesses in the economy and weak competitiveness that would hamper growth and the capacity to strengthen its public finances and reduce debt. In July 2011, ratings agency Moody's downgraded its long-term credit assessment of Portugal after warning of deteriorating risk of default in March 2011.

Q1: What magazine described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe?"
A1: The Economist
Q2: Between 2002 and 2007, by what percentage did the rate of unemployment change?
A2: 65%
Q3: What percentage did the unemployment rate reach in December, 2009?
A3: 10.2%
Q4: In 2009, what rating did Standard & Poor's assign to Portugal's long-term credit assessment?
A4: negative
Q5: In which year did Moody's downgrade Portugal's long-term credit assessment?
A5: 2011
On 6 April 2011, after his proposed "Plan for Stability and Growth IV" (PEC IV) was rejected by the Parliament, Prime Minister José Sócrates announced on national television that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility, as Greece and the Republic of Ireland had done previously. It was the third time that the Portuguese government had requested external financial aid from the IMF—the first occasion occurred in the late 1970s following the Carnation's Revolution. In October 2011, Moody's Investor Services downgraded nine Portuguese banks due to financial weakness.

Q1: What did Prime Minister Jose Socrates announce on April 6, 2011?
A1: that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility
Q2: How many times has Portugal requested external financial support?
A2: third
Q3: What provoked the first request from Portugal for financial support?
A3: Carnation's Revolution
Q4: For what reason did Moody's Investor Services downgrade nine Portuguese banks in 2011?
A4: financial weakness
In 2005, the number of public employees per thousand inhabitants in the Portuguese government (70.8) was above the European Union average (62.4 per thousand inhabitants). By EU and USA standards, Portugal's justice system was internationally known as being slow and inefficient, and by 2011 it was the second slowest in Western Europe (after Italy); conversely, Portugal has one of the highest rates of judges and prosecutors—over 30 per 100,000 people. The entire Portuguese public service has been known for its mismanagement, useless redundancies, waste, excess of bureaucracy and a general lack of productivity in certain sectors, particularly in justice.

Q1: In 2005, how many public employees did Portugal have for every thousand inhabitants?
A1: 70.8
Q2: What was the average number of public employees per every thousand inhabitants for the European Union in 2005?
A2: 62.4
Q3: In comparison to EU and USA standards, how was Portugal's justice system regarded?
A3: slow and inefficient
Q4: Which country had the slowest criminal justice system in Western Europe in 2005?
A4: Italy
Q5: How many judges and prosecutors does Portugal have per 100,000 inhabitants?
A5: over 30
In the first week of May 2013, Prime Minister Passos Coelho announced a significant government plan for the public sector, whereby 30,000 jobs will be cut and the number of weekly working hours will be increased from 35 to 40 hours. Coelho reaffirmed the announcement by explaining that austerity measures are necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant from the European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund—the overall plan intends to enact further cuts of €4.8 billion over a three-year period.

Q1: Who was the Portugal Prime Minister in 2013?
A1: Passos Coelho
Q2: What did the Prime Minister announce during the first week of May in 2013?
A2: significant government plan for the public sector, whereby 30,000 jobs will be cut and the number of weekly working hours will be increased from 35 to 40 hours
Q3: For what reason did Prime Minister Passos Coelho justify cutting 30000 jobs?
A3: austerity measures are necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant
Q4: From which entities did Portugal seek a monetary bailout from?
A4: European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund
Passos Coelho also announced that the retirement age will be increased from 65 to 66, announced cuts in the pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses, abolished the English obligatory classes in Basic Education, but kept the pensions of the judges, diplomats untouched and didn't raise the retirement age of the military and police forces. He has, however, cut meaningfully the politicians salaries. These policies have led to social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions, namely between the Government and the Constitutional Court. Several individualities belonging to the parties that support the government have also raised their voices against the policies that have been taken in order to try to solve the financial crisis.

Q1: To what age did Passos Coelho increase the retirement age?
A1: 66
Q2: To what did Passos Coelho announce cuts to?
A2: pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses
Q3: Which obligatory class was abolished from Basic Education?
A3: English
Q4: What did the instituting of these policies lead to?
A4: social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions
After years of high increase, the unemployment in Portugal has been in a continuous falling trend since the third quarter of 2014, decreasing from a peak of 17.7% achieved in the early 2013 to a rate of 11.9% in the second quarter of 2015. However, it is high still high compared with what was the normal average Portuguese unemployment rate in the past. In the second quarter of 2008 the unemployment rate was 7.3%, but the rate immediately rose the following period. By December 2009, unemployment had surpassed the 10% mark nationwide in the wake of worldwide events, by 2010, the rate was around 11% and in 2011 it was above 12%.[citation needed] The first quarter of 2013 signified a new unemployment rate record for Portugal, as it reached 17.7%— up from 17% in the previous quarter — and the Government has predicted an 18.5% unemployment rate in 2014. However, in the third quarter of the same year, it has surprisingly declined to a rate of 15.6%. From then on, the unemployment downtrend continued, declining to 13.9% in the second semester of 2014 and to 11.9% in the second quarter of 2015.

Q1: Since when has the Portugal unemployment rate been in a falling trend?
A1: third quarter of 2014
Q2: To what percentage did the unemployment rate peak at?
A2: 17.7%
Q3: In the second quarter of 2008, what was the Portuguese unemployment rate?
A3: 7.3%
Q4: By when did the Portuguese unemployment rate pass the 10% mark?
A4: December 2009