romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
The Great Exhibition was organised by Prince Albert, Henry Cole, Francis Fuller and other members of the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce. The Great Exhibition made a surplus of £186,000 used in creating an area in the South of Kensington celebrating the encouragement of the arts, industry, and science. Albert insisted the Great Exhibition surplus should be used as a home for culture and education for everyone. His commitment was to find practical solutions to today's social challenges. Prince Albert's vision built the Victoria and Albert Museum, Science Museum, Natural History Museum, Geological Museum, Royal College of Science, Royal College of Art, Royal School of Mines, Royal School of Music, Royal College of Organists, Royal School of Needlework, Royal Geographical Society, Institute of Recorded Sound, Royal Horticultural Gardens, Royal Albert Hall and the Imperial Institute. Royal colleges and the Imperial Institute merged to form what is now Imperial College London.

Q1: Which society organized The Great Exhibition?
A1: Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce
Q2: How much of a surplus did The Great Ehibition raise?
A2: £186,000
Q3: Who insisted that the surplus from The Great Exhibition be used as a home for culture and education for all?
A3: Albert
Q4: What was Prince Albert's commitment?
A4: to find practical solutions to today's social challenges
Q5: What did the Royal colleges and Imperial Institute form when they merged?
A5: Imperial College London
In 1907, the newly established Board of Education found that greater capacity for higher technical education was needed and a proposal to merge the City and Guilds College, the Royal School of Mines and the Royal College of Science was approved and passed, creating The Imperial College of Science and Technology as a constituent college of the University of London. Imperial's Royal Charter, granted by Edward VII, was officially signed on 8 July 1907. The main campus of Imperial College was constructed beside the buildings of the Imperial Institute in South Kensington.

Q1: Who proposed a merger of many colleges in 1907?
A1: Board of Education
Q2: What was the reasoning behind the proposal to merge many colleges?
A2: greater capacity for higher technical education was needed
Q3: When the merger was passed, what constituent college was created?
A3: The Imperial College of Science and Technology
Q4: Who did the constituent college belong to?
A4: University of London
Q5: Which document, granted by Edward VII, was officially signed on the 8th of July 1907?
A5: Imperial's Royal Charter
In the financial year ended 31 July 2013, Imperial had a total net income of £822.0 million (2011/12 – £765.2 million) and total expenditure of £754.9 million (2011/12 – £702.0 million). Key sources of income included £329.5 million from research grants and contracts (2011/12 – £313.9 million), £186.3 million from academic fees and support grants (2011/12 – £163.1 million), £168.9 million from Funding Council grants (2011/12 – £172.4 million) and £12.5 million from endowment and investment income (2011/12 – £8.1 million). During the 2012/13 financial year Imperial had a capital expenditure of £124 million (2011/12 – £152 million).

Q1: What was Imperial's net income for the financial year that ended on 31 July 2013?
A1: £822.0 million
Q2: What was Imperial's total expenditure for the financial year that ended on the 31 July 2013?
A2: £754.9 million
Q3: How much income was generated from research grants and contracts for 2013?
A3: £329.5 million
Q4: Who granted Imperial close to 170 million pounds in grants?
A4: Funding Council
Q5: What was Imperial's capital expenditure for the 2012/2013 financial year?
A5: £124 million
In 1988 Imperial merged with St Mary's Hospital Medical School, becoming The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. In 1995 Imperial launched its own academic publishing house, Imperial College Press, in partnership with World Scientific. Imperial merged with the National Heart and Lung Institute in 1995 and the Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Royal Postgraduate Medical School (RPMS) and the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in 1997. In the same year the Imperial College School of Medicine was formally established and all of the property of Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, the National Heart and Lung Institute and the Royal Postgraduate Medical School were transferred to Imperial as the result of the Imperial College Act 1997. In 1998 the Sir Alexander Fleming Building was opened by Queen Elizabeth II to provide a headquarters for the College's medical and biomedical research.

Q1: In which year did Imperial merge with St Mary's Hospital Medical School?
A1: 1988
Q2: Which school resulted from Imperial's merger with St Mary's?
A2: The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine
Q3: Who did Imperial partner with to launch the Imperial College Press?
A3: World Scientific
Q4: What year was the Imperial College School of Medicine formally established?
A4: 1997
Q5: What is the name of the building that was opened by Queen Elizabeth II?
A5: Sir Alexander Fleming Building
The 2008 Research Assessment Exercise returned 26% of the 1225 staff submitted as being world-leading (4*) and a further 47% as being internationally excellent (3*). The 2008 Research Assessment Exercise also showed five subjects – Pure Mathematics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, and Mechanical, Aeronautical and Manufacturing Engineering – were assessed to be the best[clarification needed] in terms of the proportion of internationally recognised research quality.

Q1: What percentage of Imperial's staff was classified as world leading in 2008?
A1: 26%
Q2: What percentage of Imperial's staff was deemed to be internationally excellent in 2008?
A2: 47%
Q3: Which group assessed Imperial's staff members to determine their standing in relation to the rest of the world?
A3: Research Assessment Exercise
Q4: How many subjects were judged to be the best in terms of internationally recognised research quality?
A4: five
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust was formed on 1 October 2007 by the merger of Hammersmith Hospitals NHS Trust (Charing Cross Hospital, Hammersmith Hospital and Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital) and St Mary's NHS Trust (St. Mary's Hospital and Western Eye Hospital) with Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine. It is an academic health science centre and manages five hospitals: Charing Cross Hospital, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Hammersmith Hospital, St Mary's Hospital, and Western Eye Hospital. The Trust is currently the largest in the UK and has an annual turnover of £800 million, treating more than a million patients a year.[citation needed]

Q1: What was formed on the 1st October 2007?
A1: Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
Q2: How many hospitals does it manage?
A2: five
Q3: What is it considered to be?
A3: an academic health science centre
Q4: What is the annual turnover for the trust?
A4: £800 million
Q5: How many patients a year does the trust treat?
A5: more than a million
In 2003, it was reported that one third of female academics "believe that discrimination or bullying by managers has held back their careers". It was said then that "A spokesman for Imperial said the college was acting on the recommendations and had already made changes". Nevertheless, allegations of bullying have continued: in 2007, concerns were raised about the methods that were being used to fire people in the Faculty of Medicine. New President of Imperial College, Alice Gast says she sees bright lights in the horizon for female careers at Imperial College London.

Q1: What portion of females reported that they were held back by managers?
A1: one third
Q2: In which year were these allegations raised?
A2: 2003
Q3: After the 2003 incident, what was the next major year in which conerns were raised?
A3: 2007
Q4: In which faculty were the methods used to fire people being questioned?
A4: Faculty of Medicine
Q5: Who is the new President for Imperial College?
A5: Alice Gast
Imperial College Union, the students' union at Imperial College, is run by five full-time sabbatical officers elected from the student body for a tenure of one year, and a number of permanent members of staff. The Union is given a large subvention by the university, much of which is spent on maintaining around 300 clubs, projects and societies. Examples of notable student groups and projects are Project Nepal which sends Imperial College students to work on educational development programmes in rural Nepal and the El Salvador Project, a construction based project in Central America. The Union also hosts sports-related clubs such as Imperial College Boat Club and Imperial College Gliding Club.

Q1: What is the official name of the student's union?
A1: Imperial College Union
Q2: How many full time officers run the union?
A2: five
Q3: How long is the tenure for an officer to run the union?
A3: one year
Q4: How many clubs, projects and societies is the union responsible for managing?
A4: around 300
Q5: What kind of programmes do students work on for Project Nepal?
A5: educational development
Imperial College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom. It was founded by Prince Albert who envisioned an area composed of the Natural History Museum, Science Museum, Victoria and Albert Museum, Royal Albert Hall and the Imperial Institute. The Imperial Institute was opened by his wife, Queen Victoria, who laid the first stone. In 1907, Imperial College London was formed by Royal Charter, and soon joined the University of London, with a focus on science and technology. The college has expanded its coursework to medicine through mergers with St Mary's Hospital. In 2004, Queen Elizabeth II opened the Imperial College Business School. Imperial became an independent university from the University of London during its one hundred year anniversary.

Q1: What kind of University is Imperial College London?
A1: public research university
Q2: Who founded the Imperial College London?
A2: Prince Albert
Q3: Who opened the Imperial Institute in 1907?
A3: Queen Victoria
Q4: Which document allowed the Imperial College London to be formed?
A4: Royal Charter
Q5: What was the focus of the Imperial College London?
A5: science and technology
William Henry Perkin studied and worked at the college under von Hofmann, but resigned his position after discovering the first synthetic dye, mauveine, in 1856. Perkin's discovery was prompted by his work with von Hofmann on the substance aniline, derived from coal tar, and it was this breakthrough which sparked the synthetic dye industry, a boom which some historians have labelled the second chemical revolution. His contribution led to the creation of the Perkin Medal, an award given annually by the Society of Chemical Industry to a scientist residing in the United States for an "innovation in applied chemistry resulting in outstanding commercial development". It is considered the highest honour given in the industrial chemical industry.

Q1: Who discovered the first synthetic dye?
A1: William Henry Perkin
Q2: What did the scientist who discovered the dye do after discovering it?
A2: resigned his position
Q3: What is the name of the first synthetic dye discovered?
A3: mauveine
Q4: The discovery of the synthetic dye is claimed by some histories to have sparked what event?
A4: second chemical revolution
Q5: Which award is named after the discoverer of the dye?
A5: Perkin Medal
Imperial acquired Silwood Park in 1947, to provide a site for research and teaching in those aspects of biology not well suited for the main London campus. Felix, Imperial's student newspaper, was launched on 9 December 1949. On 29 January 1950, the government announced that it was intended that Imperial should expand to meet the scientific and technological challenges of the 20th century and a major expansion of the College followed over the next decade. In 1959 the Wolfson Foundation donated £350,000 for the establishment of a new Biochemistry Department.[citation needed] A special relationship between Imperial and the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi was established in 1963.[citation needed]

Q1: What site did Imperial acquire in 1947?
A1: Silwood Park
Q2: What was the name of Imperial's student newspaper?
A2: Felix
Q3: How much money was donated for a new Biochemistry Department?
A3: £350,000
Q4: Who donated the large sum of money to help aid the establishement of the Biochemistry Department?
A4: Wolfson Foundation
Q5: Imperial formed a relationship with which other entity in 1963?
A5: Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Gymnasts sprint down a runway, which is a maximum of 25 meters in length, before hurdling onto a spring board. The gymnast is allowed to choose where they start on the runway. The body position is maintained while "punching" (blocking using only a shoulder movement) the vaulting platform. The gymnast then rotates to a standing position. In advanced gymnastics, multiple twists and somersaults may be added before landing. Successful vaults depend on the speed of the run, the length of the hurdle, the power the gymnast generates from the legs and shoulder girdle, the kinesthetic awareness in the air, and the speed of rotation in the case of more difficult and complex vaults.

Q1: What is the maximum length of the runway gymnasts sprint down before hurdling onto a spring board?
A1: 25 meters
Q2: What is blocking using only a shoulder movement called?
A2: punching
Q3: What is one thing a successful vault depends on?
A3: the length of the hurdle
Q4: What may be added to a vault before landing in advanced gymnastics?
A4: multiple twists and somersaults
Q5: What is the maximum length of a runway?
A5: 25 meters
Q6: Who gets to chose where a gymnast starts to run on the runway?
A6: The gymnast
Q7: What position is the gymnast when in the air?
A7: a standing position
Q8: What are later added to the landing by advanced gymnasts?
A8: multiple twists and somersaults
Q9: What do successful vaults depend on other than speed of the run?
A9: the length of the hurdle, the power the gymnast generates from the legs and shoulder girdle, the kinesthetic awareness in the air, and the speed of rotation
According to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics. This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope—on a floor area, with a much greater emphasis on the aesthetic rather than the acrobatic. There are also group routines consisting of 5 gymnasts and 5 apparatuses of their choice. Rhythmic routines are scored out of a possible 30 points; the score for artistry (choreography and music) is averaged with the score for difficulty of the moves and then added to the score for execution.

Q1: Only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics according to what rules?
A1: FIG
Q2: What combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation?
A2: rhythmic gymnastics
Q3: What 5 items are used in rhythmic gymnastic routines?
A3: ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope
Q4: Rhythmic gymnastics places greater emphaises on aesthetics rather than what?
A4: the acrobatic
Q5: What is the maximum number of points possible for a rhythmic gymnastic routine?
A5: 30
Q6: What rules state that only women can compete in rhythmic gymastics?
A6: FIG
Q7: What does rhythmic gymastics combine together?
A7: ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation
Q8: What five seperate apparatuses are used in the five separate routines?
A8: ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope
Q9: Which is more focused on, aesthetics or acrobatics?
A9: aesthetic
Q10: How many possible points are there for rhythmic routines?
A10: 30 points
Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish "naisvoimistelu". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are used on the floor area. The sport requires physical qualities such as flexibility, balance, speed, strength, coordination and sense of rhythm where movements of the body are emphasized through the flow, expression and aesthetic appeal. A good performance is characterized by uniformity and simultaneity. The competition program consists of versatile and varied body movements, such as body waves, swings, balances, pivots, jumps and leaps, dance steps, and lifts. The International Federation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (IFAGG) was established in 2003.

Q1: What does AGG stand for?
A1: Aesthetic Group Gymnastics
Q2: Why is AGG different than Rhythmic Gymnastics?
A2: body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger'
Q3: Do athletes use apparatuses in the international AGG competitions?
A3: do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions
Q4: What physical qualities are needed for rhythmic gymastics?
A4: flexibility, balance, speed, strength, coordination and sense of rhythm
Q5: What year was the Federsation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics established?
A5: 2003
This apparatus may be made of hemp or a synthetic material which retains the qualities of lightness and suppleness. Its length is in proportion to the size of the gymnast. The rope should, when held down by the feet, reach both of the gymnasts' armpits. One or two knots at each end are for keeping hold of the rope while doing the routine. At the ends (to the exclusion of all other parts of the rope) an anti-slip material, either coloured or neutral may cover a maximum of 10 cm (3.94 in). The rope must be coloured, either all or partially and may either be of a uniform diameter or be progressively thicker in the center provided that this thickening is of the same material as the rope. The fundamental requirements of a rope routine include leaps and skipping. Other elements include swings, throws, circles, rotations and figures of eight. In 2011, the FIG decided to nullify the use of rope in rhythmic gymnastic competitions.

Q1: What is the rope made out of that the gymnists uses in their routine?
A1: hemp or a synthetic material
Q2: How long is the rope?
A2: Its length is in proportion to the size of the gymnast
Q3: What are at the ends of the ropes to help the gymnists hold it?
A3: One or two knots at each end are for keeping hold of the rope while doing the routine.
Q4: What other requirement is there for the rope?
A4: The rope must be coloured, either all or partially and may either be of a uniform diameter or be progressively thicker in the center
Q5: When did FIG decide to nullify the use of ropes in competition?
A5: 2011
The Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first "modern" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a changing variety of exercises gathered under the rubric, gymnastics, that would seem strange to today's audiences and that included for example, synchronized team floor calisthenics, rope climbing, high jumping, running, and horizontal ladder. During the 1920s, women organized and participated in gymnastics events. The first women's Olympic competition was primitive, only involving synchronized calisthenics and track and field. These games were held in 1928, in Amsterdam.

Q1: Where was the FIG founded?
A1: Liege
Q2: What year was FIG founded?
A2: 1881
Q3: When was gymnastics included in the Olympics?
A3: 1896
Q4: When were the first women's Olympic competitions held?
A4: 1928
Q5: Where were the first women's Olympic competitions held?
A5: in Amsterdam
In the vaulting events, gymnasts sprint down a 25 metres (82 ft) runway, jump onto a spring filled board or perform a roundoff, or handspring entry onto a springboard (run/ take-off segment), land momentarily, inverted on the hands on the vaulting horse, or vaulting table (pre flight segment), then propel themselves forward or backward, off of this platform to a two footed landing (post flight segment). Every gymnast starts at a different point on the vault runway depending on their height and strength. The post flight segment may include one or more multiple saltos or somersaults, and/or twisting movements. A round-off entry vault, called a Yurchenko, is the most common vault in elite level gymnastics. When performing a yurchenko, gymnasts "round-off" so hands are on the runway while the feet land on the springboard (beatboard). From the roundoff position the gymnast travels backwards and executes a backhandspring so that the hands land on the vaulting table. The gymnast then blocks off the vaulting platform into various twisting and/or somersaulting combinations. The post flight segment brings the gymnast to her feet.

Q1: How long is the run way in vaulting?
A1: 25 metres (82 ft)
Q2: How man feet do vaulters land on?
A2: a two footed landing
Q3: What determines where a vaulter starts on the runway?
A3: their height and strength
Q4: What is a round-off entry vault called?
A4: Yurchenko
Q5: What is the most common vault in elite level gymnastics?
A5: yurchenko
A gymnast's score comes from deductions taken from their start value. The start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements. The composition requirements are different for each apparatus; this score is called the D score. Deductions in execution and artistry are taken from 10.0. This score is called the E score. The final score is calculated by taking deductions from the E score, and adding the result to the D score. Since 2007, the scoring system has changed by adding bonus plus the execution and then adding those two together to get the final score.

Q1: How are gymnasts scored?
A1: from deductions taken from their start value
Q2: How is the start vaule determined?
A2: e start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements
Q3: What is this score called?
A3: D score
Q4: Deductions in execution and artistry are taken from what score?
A4: 10.0
Q5: What were added to scoring in 2007?
A5: adding bonus plus the execution and then adding those two together to get the final score
The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are awarded based a 10-point scale that measures the level of difficulty of the tumbling and apparatus handling. On November 27–29, 2003, Japan hosted first edition of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship.

Q1: When were the technical rules for the Japanses version of men's rhythmic gymnastics formed?
A1: 1970s
Q2: How many apparatuses are used?
A2: only four types
Q3: What are the types of apparatuses used?
A3: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs
Q4: What apparatuses do groups use?
A4: Groups do not use any apparatus
Q5: When did Japan hold the first of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Champtionship?
A5: November 27–29, 2003