romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Goodman, now disconnected from Marvel, set up a new company called Seaboard Periodicals in 1974, reviving Marvel's old Atlas name for a new Atlas Comics line, but this lasted only a year and a half. In the mid-1970s a decline of the newsstand distribution network affected Marvel. Cult hits such as Howard the Duck fell victim to the distribution problems, with some titles reporting low sales when in fact the first specialty comic book stores resold them at a later date.[citation needed] But by the end of the decade, Marvel's fortunes were reviving, thanks to the rise of direct market distribution—selling through those same comics-specialty stores instead of newsstands.

Q1: What new venture did Marvel's founder begin after leaving the company in the 1970s?
A1: Seaboard Periodicals
Q2: What former Marvel title imprint did Goodman attempt to revive?
A2: Atlas Comics
Q3: What new retail outlet came on board at the end of the 1970s to rival newsstands for comic sales?
A3: comic book stores
Q4: How long was the 1970s revival of Atlas Comics in business?
A4: a year and a half
Q5: During what era did newsstand distribution begin to tail off markedly for Marvel?
A5: the mid-1970s
Marvel held its own comic book convention, Marvelcon '75, in spring 1975, and promised a Marvelcon '76. At the 1975 event, Stan Lee used a Fantastic Four panel discussion to announce that Jack Kirby, the artist co-creator of most of Marvel's signature characters, was returning to Marvel after having left in 1970 to work for rival DC Comics. In October 1976, Marvel, which already licensed reprints in different countries, including the UK, created a superhero specifically for the British market. Captain Britain debuted exclusively in the UK, and later appeared in American comics.

Q1: What was Marvel's self-hosted comic book convention called?
A1: Marvelcon
Q2: What artist's return to Marvel was announced at this event?
A2: Jack Kirby
Q3: What Marvel character was specifically created to appeal to the UK market?
A3: Captain Britain
Q4: When was the first Marvel-sponsored comics convention?
A4: spring 1975
Q5: When did Marvel's British-themed superhero first appear?
A5: October 1976
In 1978, Jim Shooter became Marvel's editor-in-chief. Although a controversial personality, Shooter cured many of the procedural ills at Marvel, including repeatedly missed deadlines. During Shooter's nine-year tenure as editor-in-chief, Chris Claremont and John Byrne's run on the Uncanny X-Men and Frank Miller's run on Daredevil became critical and commercial successes. Shooter brought Marvel into the rapidly evolving direct market, institutionalized creator royalties, starting with the Epic Comics imprint for creator-owned material in 1982; introduced company-wide crossover story arcs with Contest of Champions and Secret Wars; and in 1986 launched the ultimately unsuccessful New Universe line to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Marvel Comics imprint. Star Comics, a children-oriented line differing from the regular Marvel titles, was briefly successful during this period.

Q1: Who took over as head of Marvel in 1978?
A1: Jim Shooter
Q2: What is an example of a bad practice eliminated under Shooter's regime at Marvel?
A2: repeatedly missed deadlines
Q3: What noted artist and writer made brought Daredevil to the forefront during the 1980s?
A3: Frank Miller
Q4: What team of artist and writer helped popularize the Uncanny X-Men line of comics in the 1980s?
A4: Chris Claremont and John Byrne
Q5: Secret Wars was an early example of what Marvel comics story trope?
A5: crossover story arcs
Marvel earned a great deal of money and recognition during the comic book boom of the early 1990s, launching the successful 2099 line of comics set in the future (Spider-Man 2099, etc.) and the creatively daring though commercially unsuccessful Razorline imprint of superhero comics created by novelist and filmmaker Clive Barker. In 1990, Marvel began selling Marvel Universe Cards with trading card maker SkyBox International. These were collectible trading cards that featured the characters and events of the Marvel Universe. The 1990s saw the rise of variant covers, cover enhancements, swimsuit issues, and company-wide crossovers that affected the overall continuity of the fictional Marvel Universe

Q1: What 1990s comic line featured futuristic, sci-fi stories?
A1: 2099 line
Q2: What was the name of the specialty comics line created by Clive Barker for Marvel?
A2: Razorline
Q3: In what year did Marvel introduce trading cards based on their characters?
A3: 1990
Q4: What trading card company did Marvel team up with to license these trading cards?
A4: SkyBox International
Q5: What was affected by the increasing use at Marvel of crossover stories between comic characters?
A5: overall continuity of the fictional Marvel Universe
In 1996, Marvel had some of its titles participate in "Heroes Reborn", a crossover that allowed Marvel to relaunch some of its flagship characters such as the Avengers and the Fantastic Four, and outsource them to the studios of two of the former Marvel artists turned Image Comics founders, Jim Lee and Rob Liefeld. The relaunched titles, which saw the characters transported to a parallel universe with a history distinct from the mainstream Marvel Universe, were a solid success amidst a generally struggling industry, but Marvel discontinued the experiment after a one-year run and returned the characters to the Marvel Universe proper. In 1998, the company launched the imprint Marvel Knights, taking place within Marvel continuity; helmed by soon-to-become editor-in-chief Joe Quesada, it featured tough, gritty stories showcasing such characters as the Inhumans, Black Panther and Daredevil.

Q1: What studio helped to relaunch and revamp classic marvel teams The Fantastic Four and the Avengers?
A1: Image Comics
Q2: What two Marvel veterans founded Image?
A2: Jim Lee and Rob Liefeld
Q3: How was the setting for the Image versions of Marvel characters different from the official comics?
A3: a parallel universe with a history distinct from the mainstream
Q4: How long did the Image run of Marvel characters last?
A4: a one-year run
Q5: What three titles were part of the darker, grimmer Marvel Knights comics?
A5: the Inhumans, Black Panther and Daredevil
In late 1994, Marvel acquired the comic book distributor Heroes World Distribution to use as its own exclusive distributor. As the industry's other major publishers made exclusive distribution deals with other companies, the ripple effect resulted in the survival of only one other major distributor in North America, Diamond Comic Distributors Inc. In early 1997, when Marvel's Heroes World endeavor failed, Diamond also forged an exclusive deal with Marvel—giving the company its own section of its comics catalog Previews.

Q1: What channel did Marvel buy to self-distribute its own comics in the 1990s?
A1: Heroes World Distribution
Q2: When did Marvel purchase this distribution network?
A2: 1994
Q3: Exclusive deals for distributing comics during the 1990s left this company as the only unaffiliated one.
A3: Diamond Comic Distributors Inc
Q4: What year did Diamond Comic Distributors team up with Marvel?
A4: 1997
Q5: The failure of what high profile business initiative caused Marvel to approach Diamond?
A5: Marvel's Heroes World
With the new millennium, Marvel Comics emerged from bankruptcy and again began diversifying its offerings. In 2001, Marvel withdrew from the Comics Code Authority and established its own Marvel Rating System for comics. The first title from this era to not have the code was X-Force #119 (October 2001). Marvel also created new imprints, such as MAX (an explicit-content line) and Marvel Adventures (developed for child audiences). In addition, the company created an alternate universe imprint, Ultimate Marvel, that allowed the company to reboot its major titles by revising and updating its characters to introduce to a new generation.

Q1: What was the business state of Marvel by 2000?
A1: bankruptcy
Q2: When did Marvel withdraw from the Comics Code Authority?
A2: 2001
Q3: What in-house standards system did Marvel replace the Comics Code with?
A3: Marvel Rating System
Q4: What was the first book published under this new ratings system?
A4: X-Force #119
Q5: What was the name of the adult themed comics imprint for Marvel with more explicit content?
A5: MAX
On August 31, 2009, The Walt Disney Company announced a deal to acquire Marvel Comics' parent corporation, Marvel Entertainment, for $4 billion or $4.2 billion, with Marvel shareholders to receive $30 and 0.745 Disney shares for each share of Marvel they own. As of 2008, Marvel and its major, longtime competitor DC Comics shared over 80% of the American comic-book market. As of September 2010, Marvel switched its bookstores distribution company from Diamond Book Distributors to Hachette Distribution Services.

Q1: What entertainment company purchased Marvel at the end of the 2000s?
A1: The Walt Disney Company
Q2: When was the sale of Marvel to this entertainment conglomerate announced?
A2: August 31, 2009
Q3: What was the sale price of Marvel?
A3: $4 billion or $4.2 billion
Q4: What is the readership market share enjoyed by Marvel and DC comics?
A4: 80%
Q5: In 2010, Marvel switched to what distributor for bookstore comic book sales?
A5: Hachette Distribution Services
Marvel discontinued its Marvel Adventures imprint in March 2012, and replaced them with a line of two titles connected to the Marvel Universe TV block. Also in March, Marvel announced its Marvel ReEvolution initiative that included Infinite Comics, a line of digital comics, Marvel AR, an application software that provides an augmented reality experience to readers and Marvel NOW!, a relaunch of most of the company's major titles with different creative teams. Marvel NOW! also saw the debut of new flagship titles including Uncanny Avengers and All-New X-Men.

Q1: When did the Marvel Adventures line cease publishing?
A1: March 2012
Q2: Infinite Comics is related to what comics media platform?
A2: digital comics
Q3: What are two new titles under the Marvel NOW! line of comics?
A3: Uncanny Avengers and All-New X-Men
Q4: Marvel NOW!, Infinite Comics, and Marvel AR are under the umbrella of what in house business endeavor?
A4: Marvel ReEvolution
Q5: What does the AR in Marvel AR stand for?
A5: augmented reality
In April 2013, Marvel and other Disney conglomerate components began announcing joint projects. With ABC, a Once Upon a Time graphic novel was announced for publication in September. With Disney, Marvel announced in October 2013 that in January 2014 it would release its first title under their joint "Disney Kingdoms" imprint "Seekers of the Weird", a five-issue miniseries. On January 3, 2014, fellow Disney subsidiary Lucasfilm Limited, LLC announced that as of 2015, Star Wars comics would once again be published by Marvel.

Q1: What TV network shares a parent with Marvel?
A1: ABC
Q2: What series on this network was given a Marvel graphic novel?
A2: Once Upon a Time
Q3: What is the Marvel and Disney line of comics called?
A3: "Disney Kingdoms"
Q4: What was the first title published in that joint line of comics?
A4: "Seekers of the Weird"
Q5: What movie sci-fi franchise returned to Marvel in 2015?
A5: Star Wars
Marvel first licensed two prose novels to Bantam Books, who printed The Avengers Battle the Earth Wrecker by Otto Binder (1967) and Captain America: The Great Gold Steal by Ted White (1968). Various publishers took up the licenses from 1978 to 2002. Also, with the various licensed films being released beginning in 1997, various publishers put out movie novelizations. In 2003, following publication of the prose young adult novel Mary Jane, starring Mary Jane Watson from the Spider-Man mythos, Marvel announced the formation of the publishing imprint Marvel Press. However, Marvel moved back to licensing with Pocket Books from 2005 to 2008. With few books issued under the imprint, Marvel and Disney Books Group relaunched Marvel Press in 2011 with the Marvel Origin Storybooks line.

Q1: What publisher did Marvel first license its characters to for novelization?
A1: Bantam Books
Q2: What was the first novel published under this deal?
A2: The Avengers Battle the Earth Wrecker by Otto Binder
Q3: What was the name of the short-lived Marvel novelization book publisher during the 2000s?
A3: Marvel Press
Q4: In 2005, Marvel dropped it's own publishing rights for novelization and instead partnered with what publisher?
A4: Pocket Books
Q5: Marvel Press was relaunched in what year?
A5: 2011
Walt Disney Parks and Resorts plans on creating original Marvel attractions at their theme parks, with Hong Kong Disneyland becoming the first Disney theme park to feature a Marvel attraction. Due to the licensing agreement with Universal Studios, signed prior to Disney's purchase of Marvel, Walt Disney World and Tokyo Disney are barred from having Marvel characters in their parks. However, this only includes characters Universal is currently using, other characters in their "families" (X-Men, Avengers, Fantastic Four, etc.), and the villains associated with said characters. This clause has allowed Walt Disney World to have meet and greets, merchandise, attractions and more with other Marvel characters not associated with the characters at Islands of Adventures, such as Star-Lord and Gamora from Guardians of the Galaxy as well as Baymax and Hiro from Big Hero 6.

Q1: What Disney theme park will become the first to feature Marvel-specific attractions?
A1: Hong Kong Disneyland
Q2: Because of a prior contract, what two Disney parks are barred from featuring Marvel characters?
A2: Walt Disney World and Tokyo Disney
Q3: The contract with what non-Disney studio prevents some parks from using Marvel characters?
A3: Universal Studios
Q4: What Marvel movie featured Star-Lord and Gamora?
A4: Guardians of the Galaxy
Q5: What movie features the characters Baymax and Hiro?
A5: Big Hero 6
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. At its height, it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1922 the British Empire held sway over about 458 million people, one-fifth of the world's population at the time, and covered more than 13,000,000 sq mi (33,670,000 km2), almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political, legal, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, the phrase "the empire on which the sun never sets" was often used to describe the British Empire, because its expanse around the globe meant that the sun was always shining on at least one of its territories.

Q1: The United Kingdom ruled what empire?
A1: British
Q2: Which empire was the largest in history, at its height?
A2: British
Q3: When did 458 million people live in the British Empire?
A3: 1922
Q4: How much of the world's population did the British Empire rule in 1922?
A4: one-fifth
Q5: How many square miles did the British Empire rule in 1922?
A5: 13,000,000
During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France, and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia. A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England (and then, following union between England and Scotland in 1707, Great Britain) the dominant colonial power in North America and India.

Q1: In which centuries was the Age of Discovery?
A1: 15th and 16th centuries
Q2: Which countries pioneered European exploration of the globe?
A2: Portugal and Spain
Q3: When did England become Great Britain?
A3: 1707
Q4: Which countries began colonizing because they envied the empires of Portugal and Spain?
A4: England, France, and the Netherlands
Q5: Which country combined with England to form Great Britain?
A5: Scotland
The independence of the Thirteen Colonies in North America in 1783 after the American War of Independence caused Britain to lose some of its oldest and most populous colonies. British attention soon turned towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. After the defeat of France in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1792–1815), Britain emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century (with London the largest city in the world from about 1830). Unchallenged at sea, British dominance was later described as Pax Britannica ("British Peace"), a period of relative peace in Europe and the world (1815–1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon and adopted the role of global policeman. In the early 19th century, the Industrial Revolution began to transform Britain; by the time of the Great Exhibition in 1851 the country was described as the "workshop of the world". The British Empire expanded to include India, large parts of Africa and many other territories throughout the world. Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, British dominance of much of world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many regions, such as Asia and Latin America. Domestically, political attitudes favoured free trade and laissez-faire policies and a gradual widening of the voting franchise. During this century, the population increased at a dramatic rate, accompanied by rapid urbanisation, causing significant social and economic stresses. To seek new markets and sources of raw materials, the Conservative Party under Disraeli launched a period of imperialist expansion in Egypt, South Africa, and elsewhere. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand became self-governing dominions.

Q1: When did the Thirteen Colonies become independent from Britain?
A1: 1783
Q2: Which war caused Britain to lose some of its oldest and most populous colonies?
A2: American War of Independence
Q3: In which wars was France defeated?
A3: the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
Q4: What did Pax Britannica mean?
A4: British Peace
Q5: When was Britain called the "workshop of the world"?
A5: 1851
By the start of the 20th century, Germany and the United States challenged Britain's economic lead. Subsequent military and economic tensions between Britain and Germany were major causes of the First World War, during which Britain relied heavily upon its empire. The conflict placed enormous strain on the military, financial and manpower resources of Britain. Although the British Empire achieved its largest territorial extent immediately after World War I, Britain was no longer the world's pre-eminent industrial or military power. In the Second World War, Britain's colonies in South-East Asia were occupied by Imperial Japan. Despite the final victory of Britain and its allies, the damage to British prestige helped to accelerate the decline of the empire. India, Britain's most valuable and populous possession, achieved independence as part of a larger decolonisation movement in which Britain granted independence to most territories of the Empire. The transfer of Hong Kong to China in 1997 marked for many the end of the British Empire. Fourteen overseas territories remain under British sovereignty. After independence, many former British colonies joined the Commonwealth of Nations, a free association of independent states. The United Kingdom is now one of 16 Commonwealth nations, a grouping known informally as the Commonwealth realms, that share one monarch—Queen Elizabeth II.

Q1: Which countries challenged Britain's economic lead by the start of the 20th century?
A1: Germany and the United States
Q2: Which country was Britain's most valuable and populous possession?
A2: India
Q3: When did Britain transfer Hong Kong to China?
A3: overseas territories remain under British sovereignty
Q4: How many overseas territories remain under British sovereignty?
A4: Fourteen
Q5: Who is the Commonwealth's monarch?
A5: Queen Elizabeth II
The foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496 King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to discover a route to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the European discovery of America, and although he successfully made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland (mistakenly believing, like Christopher Columbus, that he had reached Asia), there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but nothing was heard of his ships again.

Q1: When was John Cabot's voyage commissioned?
A1: 1496
Q2: Who commissioned John Cabot's voyage?
A2: King Henry VII of England
Q3: Where was Cabot trying to find a route to via the North Atlantic?
A3: Asia
Q4: Where did Cabot make landfall?
A4: Newfoundland
Q5: Which explorer did Cabot make a mistake similar to?
A5: Christopher Columbus
No further attempts to establish English colonies in the Americas were made until well into the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, during the last decades of the 16th century. In the meantime the Protestant Reformation had turned England and Catholic Spain into implacable enemies . In 1562, the English Crown encouraged the privateers John Hawkins and Francis Drake to engage in slave-raiding attacks against Spanish and Portuguese ships off the coast of West Africa with the aim of breaking into the Atlantic trade system. This effort was rebuffed and later, as the Anglo-Spanish Wars intensified, Elizabeth I gave her blessing to further privateering raids against Spanish ports in the Americas and shipping that was returning across the Atlantic, laden with treasure from the New World. At the same time, influential writers such as Richard Hakluyt and John Dee (who was the first to use the term "British Empire") were beginning to press for the establishment of England's own empire. By this time, Spain had become the dominant power in the Americas and was exploring the Pacific ocean, Portugal had established trading posts and forts from the coasts of Africa and Brazil to China, and France had begun to settle the Saint Lawrence River area, later to become New France.

Q1: What had turned England and Catholic Spain into implacable enemies?
A1: the Protestant Reformation
Q2: When did John Hawkins and Francis Drake attack Spanish and Portuguese slave ships?
A2: 1562
Q3: Where did John Hawkins and Francis Drake attack Spanish and Portuguese slave ships?
A3: off the coast of West Africa
Q4: Who gave their blessing to further privateering raids against Spanish ports?
A4: Elizabeth I
Q5: Which author was the first to use the term "British Empire"?
A5: John Dee
In 1578, Elizabeth I granted a patent to Humphrey Gilbert for discovery and overseas exploration. That year, Gilbert sailed for the West Indies with the intention of engaging in piracy and establishing a colony in North America, but the expedition was aborted before it had crossed the Atlantic. In 1583 he embarked on a second attempt, on this occasion to the island of Newfoundland whose harbour he formally claimed for England, although no settlers were left behind. Gilbert did not survive the return journey to England, and was succeeded by his half-brother, Walter Raleigh, who was granted his own patent by Elizabeth in 1584. Later that year, Raleigh founded the colony of Roanoke on the coast of present-day North Carolina, but lack of supplies caused the colony to fail.

Q1: When did Humphrey Gilbert first set sail for the West Indies?
A1: 1578
Q2: When was Humphrey Gilbert's second attempt to set sail?
A2: 1583
Q3: What was Humphrey Gilbert's second destination?
A3: Newfoundland
Q4: Who was Humphrey Gilbert's half-brother?
A4: Walter Raleigh
Q5: What colony did Walter Raleigh found?
A5: Roanoke