romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
The brief peace in Europe allowed Napoleon to focus on the French colonies abroad. Saint-Domingue had managed to acquire a high level of political autonomy during the Revolutionary Wars, with Toussaint Louverture installing himself as de facto dictator by 1801. Napoleon saw his chance to recuperate the formerly wealthy colony when he signed the Treaty of Amiens. During the Revolution, the National Convention voted to abolish slavery in February 1794. Under the terms of Amiens, however, Napoleon agreed to appease British demands by not abolishing slavery in any colonies where the 1794 decree had never been implemented. The resulting Law of 20 May never applied to colonies like Guadeloupe or Guyane, even though rogue generals and other officials used the pretext of peace as an opportunity to reinstate slavery in some of these places. The Law of 20 May officially restored the slave trade to the Caribbean colonies, not slavery itself. Napoleon sent an expedition under General Leclerc designed to reassert control over Sainte-Domingue. Although the French managed to capture Toussaint Louverture, the expedition failed when high rates of disease crippled the French army. In May 1803, the last 8000 French troops left the island and the slaves proclaimed an independent republic that they called Haïti in 1804. Seeing the failure of his colonial efforts, Napoleon decided in 1803 to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States, instantly doubling the size of the U.S. The selling price in the Louisiana Purchase was less than three cents per acre, a total of $15 million.

Q1: During the short peace in Europe, where did Napoleon turn his focus?
A1: the French colonies abroad
Q2: During the Revolutionary War, which French colony had moved towards political independence?
A2: Saint-Domingue
Q3:  Who was the de facto ruler of Saint-Domingue in 1801?
A3: Toussaint Louverture
Q4: In February of what year did the national Convention vote to get rid of slavery?
A4: 1794
Q5: What was the name of the French general who led the forces that attempted to regain control of Sainte-Domingue?
A5: Leclerc
During the Consulate, Napoleon faced several royalist and Jacobin assassination plots, including the Conspiration des poignards (Dagger plot) in October 1800 and the Plot of the Rue Saint-Nicaise (also known as the Infernal Machine) two months later. In January 1804, his police uncovered an assassination plot against him that involved Moreau and which was ostensibly sponsored by the Bourbon family, the former rulers of France. On the advice of Talleyrand, Napoleon ordered the kidnapping of the Duke of Enghien, violating the sovereignty of Baden. The Duke was quickly executed after a secret military trial, even though he had not been involved in the plot. Enghien's execution infuriated royal courts throughout Europe, become one of the contributing political factors for the outbreak of the Napoleonic Wars.

Q1: What was the name of the assassination plot against Napoleon also known as the Infernal Machine?
A1: the Plot of the Rue Saint-Nicaise
Q2:  When did the Conspiration des poignards take place?
A2: October 1800
Q3: What  family was supposed to have supported the January 1804 assassination plot targeting Napoleon?
A3: the Bourbon family
Q4:  What was another name for the Conspiration des poignards?
A4: Dagger plot
Q5: The kidnapping of the Duke of Enghien violated the sovereignty of what locale?
A5: Baden
To expand his power, Napoleon used these assassination plots to justify the creation of an imperial system based on the Roman model. He believed that a Bourbon restoration would be more difficult if his family's succession was entrenched in the constitution. Launching yet another referendum, Napoleon was elected as Emperor of the French by a tally exceeding 99%. As with the Life Consulate two years earlier, this referendum produced heavy participation, bringing out almost 3.6 million voters to the polls.

Q1: The imperial system Napoleon created was based on what model?
A1: the Roman
Q2: What did Napoleon use to justify his creation of an imperial system?
A2: assassination plots
Q3: Napoleon wrote his family's succession into the constitution in an attempt to prevent the restoration of what former ruling family?
A3: Bourbon
Q4: Napoleon was elected Emperor of the French by more than what percentage of voters?
A4: 99%
Q5: About how many voters participated in the election that made Napoleon Emperor of the French?
A5: 3.6 million
Napoleon's coronation took place on December 2, 1804. Two separate crowns were brought for the ceremony: a golden laurel wreath recalling the Roman Empire and a replica of Charlemagne's crown. Napoleon entered the ceremony wearing the laurel wreath and kept it on his head throughout the proceedings. For the official coronation, he raised the Charlemagne crown over his own head in a symbolic gesture, but never placed it on top because he was already wearing the golden wreath. Instead he placed the crown on Josephine's head, the event commemorated in the officially sanctioned painting by Jacques-Louis David. Napoleon was also crowned King of Italy, with the Iron Crown of Lombardy, at the Cathedral of Milan on May 26, 1805. He created eighteen Marshals of the Empire from amongst his top generals to secure the allegiance of the army.

Q1: On what date did Napoleon's coronation occur?
A1: December 2, 1804
Q2: How many crowns were used in Napoleon's coronation ceremony?
A2: Two
Q3: Other than France, what country was Napoleon crowned king of?
A3: Italy
Q4: When was Napoleon crowned King of Italy?
A4: May 26, 1805
Q5: Where was Napoleon crowned King of Italy?
A5: at the Cathedral of Milan
Before the formation of the Third Coalition, Napoleon had assembled an invasion force, the Armée d'Angleterre, around six camps at Boulogne in Northern France. He intended to use this invasion force to strike at England. They never invaded, but Napoleon's troops received careful and invaluable training for future military operations. The men at Boulogne formed the core for what Napoleon later called La Grande Armée. At the start, this French army had about 200,000 men organized into seven corps, which were large field units that contained 36 to 40 cannons each and were capable of independent action until other corps could come to the rescue. A single corps properly situated in a strong defensive position could survive at least a day without support, giving the Grande Armée countless strategic and tactical options on every campaign. On top of these forces, Napoleon created a cavalry reserve of 22,000 organized into two cuirassier divisions, four mounted dragoon divisions, one division of dismounted dragoons, and one of light cavalry, all supported by 24 artillery pieces. By 1805, the Grande Armée had grown to a force of 350,000 men, who were well equipped, well trained, and led by competent officers.

Q1: What was the name of the invasion force Napoleon assembled before the creation of the Third Coalition?
A1: the Armée d'Angleterre
Q2: Where in Northern France were the camps of the Armée d'Angleterre located?
A2: Boulogne
Q3: What country was the Armée d'Angleterre intended to strike at?
A3: England
Q4: What was the name of the later military organization that the Armée d'Angleterre formed the foundation of?
A4: La Grande Armée.
Q5: How many men were in the Grande Armée by 1805?
A5: 350,000
Napoleon knew that the French fleet could not defeat the Royal Navy in a head-to-head battle, so he planned to lure it away from the English Channel through diversionary tactics. The main strategic idea involved the French Navy escaping from the British blockades of Toulon and Brest and threatening to attack the West Indies. In the face of this attack, it was hoped, the British would weaken their defense of the Western Approaches by sending ships to the Caribbean, allowing a combined Franco-Spanish fleet to take control of the channel long enough for French armies to cross and invade. However, the plan unraveled after the British victory at the Battle of Cape Finisterre in July 1805. French Admiral Villeneuve then retreated to Cádiz instead of linking up with French naval forces at Brest for an attack on the English Channel.

Q1: Napoleon acknowledged that the fleet of France was no match for what rival fleet in direct combat?
A1: the Royal Navy
Q2:  Napoleon's plan to divert the British involved a French Navy attack on what islands?
A2: the West Indies.
Q3:  Napoleon hoped an attack on the West Indies would cause the British to lessen their defenses where?
A3: the Western Approaches
Q4:  Napoleon's naval plan came apart after British triumph at which Battle?
A4: the Battle of Cape Finisterre
Q5: When did the Battle of Cape Finisterre occur?
A5: July 1805
By August 1805, Napoleon had realized that the strategic situation had changed fundamentally. Facing a potential invasion from his continental enemies, he decided to strike first and turned his army's sights from the English Channel to the Rhine. His basic objective was to destroy the isolated Austrian armies in Southern Germany before their Russian allies could arrive. On 25 September, after great secrecy and feverish marching, 200,000 French troops began to cross the Rhine on a front of 260 km (160 mi). Austrian commander Karl Mack had gathered the greater part of the Austrian army at the fortress of Ulm in Swabia. Napoleon swung his forces to the southeast and the Grande Armée performed an elaborate wheeling movement that outflanked the Austrian positions. The Ulm Maneuver completely surprised General Mack, who belatedly understood that his army had been cut off. After some minor engagements that culminated in the Battle of Ulm, Mack finally surrendered after realizing that there was no way to break out of the French encirclement. For just 2000 French casualties, Napoleon had managed to capture a total of 60,000 Austrian soldiers through his army's rapid marching. The Ulm Campaign is generally regarded as a strategic masterpiece and was influential in the development of the Schlieffen Plan in the late 19th century. For the French, this spectacular victory on land was soured by the decisive victory that the Royal Navy attained at the Battle of Trafalgar on 21 October. After Trafalgar, Britain had total domination of the seas for the duration of the Napoleonic Wars.

Q1: By August 1805, Napoleon changed the primary target of his army's efforts from the English Channel to what area?
A1: the Rhine
Q2:  On what date did French troops begin to cross the Rhine?
A2: 25 September
Q3: How many French troops were involved in the crossing of the Rhine?
A3: 200,000
Q4: Who was the Austrian commander who led the army at the fortress of Ulm?
A4: Karl Mack
Q5: How many casualties did the French suffer at the Battle of Ulm?
A5: 2000
Following the Ulm Campaign, French forces managed to capture Vienna in November. The fall of Vienna provided the French a huge bounty as they captured 100,000 muskets, 500 cannons, and the intact bridges across the Danube. At this critical juncture, both Tsar Alexander I and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II decided to engage Napoleon in battle, despite reservations from some of their subordinates. Napoleon sent his army north in pursuit of the Allies, but then ordered his forces to retreat so that he could feign a grave weakness. Desperate to lure the Allies into battle, Napoleon gave every indication in the days preceding the engagement that the French army was in a pitiful state, even abandoning the dominant Pratzen Heights near the village of Austerlitz. At the Battle of Austerlitz, in Moravia on 2 December, he deployed the French army below the Pratzen Heights and deliberately weakened his right flank, enticing the Allies to launch a major assault there in the hopes of rolling up the whole French line. A forced march from Vienna by Marshal Davout and his III Corps plugged the gap left by Napoleon just in time. Meanwhile, the heavy Allied deployment against the French right weakened their center on the Pratzen Heights, which was viciously attacked by the IV Corps of Marshal Soult. With the Allied center demolished, the French swept through both enemy flanks and sent the Allies fleeing chaotically, capturing thousands of prisoners in the process. The battle is often seen as a tactical masterpiece because of the near-perfect execution of a calibrated but dangerous plan — of the same stature as Cannae, the celebrated triumph by Hannibal some 2000 years before.

Q1: In November, after the Ulm Campaign, what city was captured by French forces?
A1: Vienna
Q2:  How many muskets did the French capture in the fall of Vienna?
A2: 100,000
Q3: How many cannons did the French capture when Vienna fell?
A3: 500
Q4: When was the Battle of Austerlitz fought?
A4: 2 December
Q5: In what country was the Battle of Austerlitz fought?
A5: Moravia
The Allied disaster at Austerlitz significantly shook the faith of Emperor Francis in the British-led war effort. France and Austria agreed to an armistice immediately and the Treaty of Pressburg followed shortly after on 26 December. Pressburg took Austria out of both the war and the Coalition while reinforcing the earlier treaties of Campo Formio and of Lunéville between the two powers. The treaty confirmed the Austrian loss of lands to France in Italy and Bavaria, and lands in Germany to Napoleon's German allies. It also imposed an indemnity of 40 million francs on the defeated Habsburgs and allowed the fleeing Russian troops free passage through hostile territories and back to their home soil. Napoleon went on to say, "The battle of Austerlitz is the finest of all I have fought." Frank McLynn suggests that Napoleon was so successful at Austerlitz that he lost touch with reality, and what used to be French foreign policy became a "personal Napoleonic one". Vincent Cronin disagrees, stating that Napoleon was not overly ambitious for himself, "he embodied the ambitions of thirty million Frenchmen".

Q1: The Allied defeat at what location caused Emperor Francis to doubt the chances of the war effort?
A1: Austerlitz
Q2: What was the name of the treaty signed by France and Austria on 26 December?
A2: the Treaty of Pressburg
Q3: On what date was the Treaty of Pressburg signed?
A3: 26 December
Q4: The Treaty of Pressburg resulted in which country leaving the war?
A4: Austria
Q5: How much did the Habsburgs have to pay as a result of the Treaty of Pressburg?
A5: 40 million francs
Napoleon continued to entertain a grand scheme to establish a French presence in the Middle East in order to put pressure on Britain and Russia, and perhaps form an alliance with the Ottoman Empire. In February 1806, Ottoman Emperor Selim III finally recognized Napoleon as Emperor. He also opted for an alliance with France, calling France "our sincere and natural ally." That decision brought the Ottoman Empire into a losing war against Russia and Britain. A Franco-Persian alliance was also formed between Napoleon and the Persian Empire of Fat′h-Ali Shah Qajar. It collapsed in 1807, when France and Russia themselves formed an unexpected alliance. In the end, Napoleon had made no effective alliances in the Middle East.

Q1: Napoleon's master plan was to establish a French presence in what part of the world?
A1: the Middle East
Q2: In 1806, what Ottoman ruler recognized Napoleon as Emperor?
A2: Selim III
Q3: In what year did Ottoman Emperor Selim III recognize Napoleon as Emperor?
A3: 1806
Q4: Napoleon formed an alliance with the empire of which Persian ruler?
A4: Fat′h-Ali Shah Qajar
Q5: In what year did Napoleon's Franco-Persian alliance end?
A5: 1807
After Austerlitz, Napoleon established the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806. A collection of German states intended to serve as a buffer zone between France and Central Europe, the creation of the Confederation spelled the end of the Holy Roman Empire and significantly alarmed the Prussians. The brazen reorganization of German territory by the French risked threatening Prussian influence in the region, if not eliminating it outright. War fever in Berlin rose steadily throughout the summer of 1806. At the insistence of his court, especially his wife Queen Louise, Frederick William III decided to challenge the French domination of Central Europe by going to war.

Q1: What is the name of the political body composed of German states established by Napoleon in 1806?
A1: the Confederation of the Rhine
Q2: When was the Confederation of the Rhine formed?
A2: 1806
Q3: The existence of the Confederation of the Rhine brought about the end of which imperial power?
A3: the Holy Roman Empire
Q4:  Which Prussian ruler chose to go to war with France for control of Central Europe?
A4: Frederick William III
Q5: What other royal figure strongly influenced Frederick William III's decision to go to war with France?
A5: Queen Louise
The initial military maneuvers began in September 1806. In a notable letter to Marshal Soult detailing the plan for the campaign, Napoleon described the essential features of Napoleonic warfare and introduced the phrase le bataillon-carré ('square battalion'). In the bataillon-carré system, the various corps of the Grande Armée would march uniformly together in close supporting distance. If any single corps was attacked, the others could quickly spring into action and arrive to help. Napoleon invaded Prussia with 180,000 troops, rapidly marching on the right bank of the River Saale. As in previous campaigns, his fundamental objective was to destroy one opponent before reinforcements from another could tip the balance of the war. Upon learning the whereabouts of the Prussian army, the French swung westwards and crossed the Saale with overwhelming force. At the twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt, fought on 14 October, the French convincingly defeated the Prussians and inflicted heavy casualties. With several major commanders dead or incapacitated, the Prussian king proved incapable of effectively commanding the army, which began to quickly disintegrate. In a vaunted pursuit that epitomized the "peak of Napoleonic warfare," according to historian Richard Brooks, the French managed to capture 140,000 soldiers, over 2,000 cannons and hundreds of ammunition wagons, all in a single month. Historian David Chandler wrote of the Prussian forces: "Never has the morale of any army been more completely shattered." Despite their overwhelming defeat, the Prussians refused to negotiate with the French until the Russians had an opportunity to enter the fight.

Q1: How many troops did Napoleon use for the invasion of Prussia?
A1: 180,000
Q2:  What river did the French cross to engage the Prussian army?
A2: the Saale
Q3: To whom did Napoleon send a letter detailing his plans for the campaign with Prussia?
A3: Marshal Soult
Q4:  On what date were the battles of Jena and Auerstedt fought?
A4: 14 October
Q5: How many Prussian soldiers were captured at the battles of Jena and Auerstedt?
A5: 140,000
Following his triumph, Napoleon imposed the first elements of the Continental System through the Berlin Decree issued in November 1806. The Continental System, which prohibited European nations from trading with Britain, was widely violated throughout his reign. In the next few months, Napoleon marched against the advancing Russian armies through Poland and was involved in the bloody stalemate at the Battle of Eylau in February 1807. After a period of rest and consolidation on both sides, the war restarted in June with an initial struggle at Heilsberg that proved indecisive. On 14 June, however, Napoleon finally obtained an overwhelming victory over the Russians at the Battle of Friedland, wiping out the majority of the Russian army in a very bloody struggle. The scale of their defeat convinced the Russians to make peace with the French. On 19 June, Czar Alexander sent an envoy to seek an armistice with Napoleon. The latter assured the envoy that the Vistula River represented the natural borders between French and Russian influence in Europe. On that basis, the two emperors began peace negotiations at the town of Tilsit after meeting on an iconic raft on the River Niemen. The very first thing Alexander said to Napoleon was probably well-calibrated: "I hate the English as much as you do."

Q1: In what 1806 proclamation did Napoleon begin to impose the Continental System?
A1: the Berlin Decree
Q2:  What was the system Napoleon imposed though the Berlin Decree?
A2: The Continental System
Q3: When was the Berlin Decree issued?
A3: November 1806
Q4: In what year was the Battle of Eylau?
A4: 1807
Q5: In what 14 June conflict did Napoleon win a decisive victory over the Russians?
A5: the Battle of Friedland
Alexander faced pressure from his brother, Duke Constantine, to make peace with Napoleon. Given the victory he had just achieved, the French emperor offered the Russians relatively lenient terms–demanding that Russia join the Continental System, withdraw its forces from Wallachia and Moldavia, and hand over the Ionian Islands to France. By contrast, Napoleon dictated very harsh peace terms for Prussia, despite the ceaseless exhortations of Queen Louise. Wiping out half of Prussian territories from the map, Napoleon created a new kingdom of 1,100 square miles called Westphalia. He then appointed his young brother Jérôme as the new monarch of this kingdom. Prussia's humiliating treatment at Tilsit caused a deep and bitter antagonism which festered as the Napoleonic era progressed. Moreover, Alexander's pretensions at friendship with Napoleon led the latter to seriously misjudge the true intentions of his Russian counterpart, who would violate numerous provisions of the treaty in the next few years. Despite these problems, the Treaties of Tilsit at last gave Napoleon a respite from war and allowed him to return to France, which he had not seen in over 300 days.

Q1: What is the name of the Duke who pressured Alexander to make peace with Napoleon?
A1: Constantine
Q2:  Which ocean territories did Napoleon demand Russia cede to France as part of the terms for peace?
A2: the Ionian Islands
Q3: What was the name of the new kingdom Napoleon created from Prussian territories?
A3: Westphalia
Q4: What was the name of the younger brother who Napoleon appointed as the ruler of Westphalia?
A4: Jérôme
Q5:  What was the name of the series of agreements that ended war for a time and allowed Napoleon to return to France?
A5: the Treaties of Tilsit
The settlements at Tilsit gave Napoleon time to organize his empire. One of his major objectives became enforcing the Continental System against the British. He decided to focus his attention on the Kingdom of Portugal, which consistently violated his trade prohibitions. After defeat in the War of the Oranges in 1801, Portugal adopted a double-sided policy. At first, John VI agreed to close his ports to British trade. The situation changed dramatically after the Franco-Spanish defeat at Trafalgar; John grew bolder and officially resumed diplomatic and trade relations with Britain.

Q1: Where did the agreements that gave Napoleon time to structure his empire take place?
A1: Tilsit
Q2: One of Napoleon's primary goals was to enforce the Continental System against whom?
A2: the British
Q3: Napoleon chose to focus his attention on which country that flouted his trade restrictions?
A3: the Kingdom of Portugal
Q4: In what year did Portugal experience defeat in the War of the Oranges?
A4: 1801
Q5: After the Franco-Spanish loss at Trafalgar, John VI resumed relations with what nation?
A5: Britain