romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
On the island of Crete, along with the lyra and the laouto (lute), the mandolin is one of the main instruments used in Cretan Music. It appeared on Crete around the time of the Venetian rule of the island. Different variants of the mandolin, such as the "mantola," were used to accompany the lyra, the violin, and the laouto. Stelios Foustalierakis reported that the mandolin and the mpoulgari were used to accompany the lyra in the beginning of the 20th century in the city of Rethimno. There are also reports that the mandolin was mostly a woman's musical instrument. Nowadays it is played mainly as a solo instrument in personal and family events on the Ionian islands and Crete.

Q1: What Island is the mandolin a main instrument in Cretan Music?
A1: island of Crete
Q2: When did the mandolin appears on Crete?
A2: around the time of the Venetian rule of the island.
Q3: What was one of the variants of the mandolin that was used?
A3: mantola
Q4: Who reported that the mandolin and the mpoulgari were used to accompany the lyria?
A4: Stelios Foustalierakis
Q5: The mandolin was reported to be popular among what sex?
A5: woman
Many adaptations of the instrument have been done to cater to the special needs of Indian Carnatic music. In Indian classical music and Indian light music, the mandolin, which bears little resemblance to the European mandolin, is usually tuned E-B-E-B. As there is no concept of absolute pitch in Indian classical music, any convenient tuning maintaining these relative pitch intervals between the strings can be used. Another prevalent tuning with these intervals is C-G-C-G, which corresponds to Sa-Pa-Sa-Pa in the Indian carnatic classical music style. This tuning corresponds to the way violins are tuned for carnatic classical music. This type of mandolin is also used in Bhangra, dance music popular in Punjabi culture.

Q1: Many adaptations of the instruments were done to cater to what type of music?
A1: Indian Carnatic
Q2: What is the mandolin usually tuned to for Indian music?
A2: E-B-E-B.
Q3: There is no concept of what in Indian music?
A3: absolute pitch
Q4: What is another popular madonlin tuning?
A4: C-G-C-G
Q5: These mandolin are used in a popular dance music called?
A5: Bhangra
Though almost any variety of acoustic mandolin might be adequate for Irish traditional music, virtually all Irish players prefer flat-backed instruments with oval sound holes to the Italian-style bowl-back mandolins or the carved-top mandolins with f-holes favoured by bluegrass mandolinists. The former are often too soft-toned to hold their own in a session (as well as having a tendency to not stay in place on the player's lap), whilst the latter tend to sound harsh and overbearing to the traditional ear. The f-hole mandolin, however, does come into its own in a traditional session, where its brighter tone cuts through the sonic clutter of a pub. Greatly preferred for formal performance and recording are flat-topped "Irish-style" mandolins (reminiscent of the WWI-era Martin Army-Navy mandolin) and carved (arch) top mandolins with oval soundholes, such as the Gibson A-style of the 1920s.

Q1: What types of instruments do irish player prefer?
A1: might be adequate for Irish traditional music, virtually all Irish players prefer flat-backed instruments with oval sound holes
Q2: Why is it said that the Italian style can't hold their own session?
A2: too soft-toned
Q3: Which type mandolin had a tendency not to stay in the player's lap?
A3: the carved-top mandolins with f-holes
Q4: Which mandolin was preferred for formal performances and recordings?
A4: flat-topped "Irish-style" mandolins
Q5: What was the Irish style mandolin reminiscent of?
A5: WWI-era Martin Army-Navy mandolin
Noteworthy Irish mandolinists include Andy Irvine (who, like Johnny Moynihan, almost always tunes the top E down to D, to achieve an open tuning of GDAD), Paul Brady, Mick Moloney, Paul Kelly and Claudine Langille. John Sheahan and the late Barney McKenna, respectively fiddle player and tenor banjo player with The Dubliners, are also accomplished Irish mandolin players. The instruments used are either flat-backed, oval hole examples as described above (made by UK luthier Roger Bucknall of Fylde Guitars), or carved-top, oval hole instruments with arched back (made by Stefan Sobell in Northumberland). The Irish guitarist Rory Gallagher often played the mandolin on stage, and he most famously used it in the song "Going To My Hometown."

Q1: Who are some of the famous Irish Mandolinists?
A1: Andy Irvine
Q2: Who are popular fiddle player and tenor banjo player?
A2: John Sheahan and the late Barney McKenna
Q3: What was John Sheahan and Barney Mckenna's band called?
A3: The Dubliners,
Q4: Who made the instruments used by the Dubliners?
A4: UK luthier Roger Bucknall of Fylde Guitars
Q5: What Irish guitarist played the mandolin on stage?
A5: Rory Gallagher
Antonio Vivaldi composed a mandolin concerto (Concerto in C major Op.3 6) and two concertos for two mandolins and orchestra. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it. Antonio Maria Bononcini composed La conquista delle Spagne di Scipione Africano il giovane in 1707 and George Frideric Handel composed Alexander Balus in 1748. Others include Giovani Battista Gervasio (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Giuseppe Giuliano (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Emanuele Barbella (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Domenico Scarlatti (Sonata n.54 (K.89) in D minor for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), and Addiego Guerra (Sonata in G major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo).

Q1: Who composed the Concerto in C Major Op 3 6?
A1: Antonio Vivaldi
Q2: Who placed it in his 1787 work?
A2: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Q3: What two artists created four variations of the Concerto in C Major Op 3 6?
A3: Don Giovanni and Beethoven
Q4: Who composed the La conquista della Spagne di Scipione Afriacano il giovance?
A4: Antonio Maria Bononcini
Q5: When was Alexander Balus composed?
A5: 1748
The expansion of mandolin use continued after World War II through the late 1960s, and Japan still maintains a strong classical music tradition using mandolins, with active orchestras and university music programs. New orchestras were founded and new orchestral compositions composed. Japanese mandolin orchestras today may consist of up to 40 or 50 members, and can include woodwind, percussion, and brass sections. Japan also maintains an extensive collection of 20th Century mandolin music from Europe and one of the most complete collections of mandolin magazines from mandolin's golden age, purchased by Morishige Takei.

Q1: What country still maintains strong classic music tradition with mandolin?
A1: Japan
Q2: How many people compose the Japanese mandolin orchestras?
A2: 40 or 50 members
Q3: What other instruments do the Japanese madnolin orchestras play?
A3: include woodwind, percussion, and brass sections.
Q4: Japan hold and extensive collection of what?
A4: 20th Century mandolin music from Europe and one of the most complete collections of mandolin magazines from mandolin's golden age
Q5: Who purhcased one of the collections of mandolin magazines?
A5: Morishige Takei.
The bandolim (Portuguese for "mandolin") was a favourite instrument within the Portuguese bourgeoisie of the 19th century, but its rapid spread took it to other places, joining other instruments. Today you can see mandolins as part of the traditional and folk culture of Portuguese singing groups and the majority of the mandolin scene in Portugal is in Madeira Island. Madeira has over 17 active mandolin Orchestras and Tunas. The mandolin virtuoso Fabio Machado is one of Portugal's most accomplished mandolin players. The Portuguese influence brought the mandolin to Brazil.

Q1: What does bandolim mean?
A1: Portuguese for "mandolin"
Q2: When was the bandolim porpular among the Portugese bourgeoisie?
A2: 19th century
Q3: Where can you see mandolins a part of in Portgal?
A3: traditional and folk culture
Q4: Where is the Portuguese mandolin scene located?
A4: Madeira Island
Q5: How many active mandolin orchestras does the Madiera Island have?
A5: over 17
The mandolin's popularity in the United States was spurred by the success of a group of touring young European musicians known as the Estudiantina Figaro, or in the United States, simply the "Spanish Students." The group landed in the U.S. on January 2, 1880 in New York City, and played in Boston and New York to wildly enthusiastic crowds. Ironically, this ensemble did not play mandolins but rather bandurrias, which are also small, double-strung instruments that resemble the mandolin. The success of the Figaro Spanish Students spawned other groups who imitated their musical style and costumes. An Italian musician, Carlo Curti, hastily started a musical ensemble after seeing the Figaro Spanish Students perform; his group of Italian born Americans called themselves the "Original Spanish Students," counting on the American public to not know the difference between the Spanish bandurrias and Italian mandolins. The imitators' use of mandolins helped to generate enormous public interest in an instrument previously relatively unknown in the United States.

Q1: What group in the US was popular?
A1: Estudiantina Figaro
Q2: When did the Estudiantina Figaro come to the US?
A2: January 2, 1880
Q3: Where did the Estudiantina Figaro play?
A3: Boston and New York
Q4: What group was inspired by the Estudiantina Figaro?
A4: Original Spanish Students
Q5: What did the Origianl Spanish Students expect the American  public not to know?
A5: the difference between the Spanish bandurrias and Italian mandolins
Mandolin awareness in the United States blossomed in the 1880s, as the instrument became part of a fad that continued into the mid-1920s. According to Clarence L. Partee, the first mandolin made in the United States was made in 1883 or 1884 by Joseph Bohmann, who was an established maker of violins in Chicago. Partee characterized the early instrument as being larger than the European instruments he was used to, with a "peculiar shape" and "crude construction," and said that the quality improved, until American instruments were "superior" to imported instruments. At the time, Partee was using an imported French-made mandolin.

Q1: When did madolin awareness in the US become fluent?
A1: 1880s
Q2: When was the first madolin made in the US?
A2: 1883 or 1884
Q3: Who made the first US mandolin?
A3: Joseph Bohm
Q4: Where was Joseph Bohmann from?
A4: Chicago
Q5: What type of madolin was Partee using ?
A5: French-made mandolin
Instruments were marketed by teacher-dealers, much as the title character in the popular musical The Music Man. Often, these teacher-dealers conducted mandolin orchestras: groups of 4-50 musicians who played various mandolin family instruments. However, alongside the teacher-dealers were serious musicians, working to create a spot for the instrument in classical music, ragtime and jazz. Like the teacher-dealers, they traveled the U.S., recording records, giving performances and teaching individuals and mandolin orchestras. Samuel Siegel played mandolin in Vaudeville and became one of America's preeminent mandolinists. Seth Weeks was an African American who not only taught and performed in the United States, but also in Europe, where he recorded records. Another pioneering African American musician and director who made his start with a mandolin orchestra was composer James Reese Europe. W. Eugene Page toured the country with a group, and was well known for his mandolin and mandola performances. Other names include Valentine Abt, Samuel Adelstein, William Place, Jr., and Aubrey Stauffer.

Q1: What popular musical casted a teacher-dealer?
A1: The Music Man
Q2: What did these teacher-dealers often conduct?
A2: mandolin orchestras
Q3: How many people were usually in these teacher-dealer orchestras?
A3: 4-50 musicians
Q4: Who played the mandolin in Vaudeville?
A4: Samuel Siegel
Q5: Who was the famous African American musican and director?
A5: composer James Reese Europe.
The instrument was primarily used in an ensemble setting well into the 1930s, and although the fad died out at the beginning of the 1930s, the instruments that were developed for the orchestra found a new home in bluegrass. The famous Lloyd Loar Master Model from Gibson (1923) was designed to boost the flagging interest in mandolin ensembles, with little success. However, The "Loar" became the defining instrument of bluegrass music when Bill Monroe purchased F-5 S/N 73987 in a Florida barbershop in 1943 and popularized it as his main instrument.

Q1: The setting the mandolin was used in until the 1930's was?
A1: ensemble setting
Q2: Where did the mandolins find a new home?
A2: bluegrass
Q3: What mandolin was designed to boost interest in the mandolin?
A3: Lloyd Loar Master Model from Gibson
Q4: What mandolin became the face of bluegrass music?
A4: Loar
Q5: What instrument did artist Bill Monroe use?
A5: F-5 S/N 73987
The mandolin orchestras never completely went away, however. In fact, along with all the other musical forms the mandolin is involved with, the mandolin ensemble (groups usually arranged like the string section of a modern symphony orchestra, with first mandolins, second mandolins, mandolas, mandocellos, mando-basses, and guitars, and sometimes supplemented by other instruments) continues to grow in popularity. Since the mid-nineties, several public-school mandolin-based guitar programs have blossomed around the country, including Fretworks Mandolin and Guitar Orchestra, the first of its kind. The national organization, Classical Mandolin Society of America, founded by Norman Levine, represents these groups. Prominent modern mandolinists and composers for mandolin in the classical music tradition include Samuel Firstman, Howard Fry, Rudy Cipolla, Dave Apollon, Neil Gladd, Evan Marshall, Marilynn Mair and Mark Davis (the Mair-Davis Duo), Brian Israel, David Evans, Emanuil Shynkman, Radim Zenkl, David Del Tredici and Ernst Krenek.

Q1: What groups have become popular amonbgpublic schools?
A1: mandolin-based guitar programs
Q2: What are two of the popular public school groups?
A2: Fretworks Mandolin and Guitar Orchestra
Q3: Who found the Classical Mandolin Society of America?
A3: Norman Levine
Q4: Who are modern mandolinists and composers?
A4: Samuel Firstman, Howard Fry, Rudy Cipolla
When Cowan Powers and his family recorded their old-time music from 1924-1926, his daughter Orpha Powers was one of the earliest known southern-music artists to record with the mandolin. By the 1930s, single mandolins were becoming more commonly used in southern string band music, most notably by brother duets such as the sedate Blue Sky Boys (Bill Bolick and Earl Bolick) and the more hard-driving Monroe Brothers (Bill Monroe and Charlie Monroe). However, the mandolin's modern popularity in country music can be directly traced to one man: Bill Monroe, the father of bluegrass music. After the Monroe Brothers broke up in 1939, Bill Monroe formed his own group, after a brief time called the Blue Grass Boys, and completed the transition of mandolin styles from a "parlor" sound typical of brother duets to the modern "bluegrass" style. He joined the Grand Ole Opry in 1939 and its powerful clear-channel broadcast signal on WSM-AM spread his style throughout the South, directly inspiring many musicians to take up the mandolin. Monroe famously played Gibson F-5 mandolin, signed and dated July 9, 1923, by Lloyd Loar, chief acoustic engineer at Gibson. The F-5 has since become the most imitated tonally and aesthetically by modern builders.

Q1: What family recorded an old-time music in 1924-1926?
A1: Cowan Powers and his family
Q2: Who was the earliest known southern music artist?
A2: Orpha Powers
Q3: What type of mandolin was becoming popular by 1930's?
A3: single mandolins
Q4: Who was considered the father of Bluegrass music?
A4: Bill Monroe
Q5: What was Bill Monroe's group called?
A5: Blue Grass Boys
Monroe's style involved playing lead melodies in the style of a fiddler, and also a percussive chording sound referred to as "the chop" for the sound made by the quickly struck and muted strings. He also perfected a sparse, percussive blues style, especially up the neck in keys that had not been used much in country music, notably B and E. He emphasized a powerful, syncopated right hand at the expense of left-hand virtuosity. Monroe's most influential follower of the second generation is Frank Wakefield and nowadays Mike Compton of the Nashville Bluegrass Band and David Long, who often tour as a duet. Tiny Moore of the Texas Playboys developed an electric five-string mandolin and helped popularize the instrument in Western Swing music.

Q1: What chording sound was Monroe popular for?
A1: the chop
Q2: What keys was Monroe popular for?
A2: B and E
Q3: Who was Monroe's most influential follower?
A3: Frank Wakefield
Q4: Who developed a electric five-string mandolin?
A4: Moore of the Texas Playboys
Q5: What type of music did the electric five-string mandolin help popularize?
A5: Western Swing music
Other major bluegrass mandolinists who emerged in the early 1950s and are still active include Jesse McReynolds (of Jim and Jesse) who invented a syncopated banjo-roll-like style called crosspicking—and Bobby Osborne of the Osborne Brothers, who is a master of clarity and sparkling single-note runs. Highly respected and influential modern bluegrass players include Herschel Sizemore, Doyle Lawson, and the multi-genre Sam Bush, who is equally at home with old-time fiddle tunes, rock, reggae, and jazz. Ronnie McCoury of the Del McCoury Band has won numerous awards for his Monroe-influenced playing. The late John Duffey of the original Country Gentlemen and later the Seldom Scene did much to popularize the bluegrass mandolin among folk and urban audiences, especially on the east coast and in the Washington, D.C. area.

Q1: Who was the major bluegrass mandolinist that became popular in 1950's?
A1: Jesse McReynolds
Q2: What grop was Jesse McReynolds a part of?
A2: Jim and Jesse
Q3: What technique did Jesse McReynolds create?
A3: crosspicking
Q4: What is crosspicking?
A4: syncopated banjo-roll-like style
Q5: Who won several award for his Monroe influenced music?
A5: Ronnie McCoury
Jethro Burns, best known as half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro, was also the first important jazz mandolinist. Tiny Moore popularized the mandolin in Western swing music. He initially played an 8-string Gibson but switched after 1952 to a 5-string solidbody electric instrument built by Paul Bigsby. Modern players David Grisman, Sam Bush, and Mike Marshall, among others, have worked since the early 1970s to demonstrate the mandolin's versatility for all styles of music. Chris Thile of California is a well-known player, and has accomplished many feats of traditional bluegrass, classical, contemporary pop and rock; the band Nickel Creek featured his playing in its blend of traditional and pop styles, and he now plays in his band Punch Brothers. Most commonly associated with bluegrass, mandolin has been used a lot in country music over the years. Some well-known players include Marty Stuart, Vince Gill, and Ricky Skaggs.

Q1: What is Jethro Burns commonly known for?
A1: half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro
Q2: What type of music did Jethro Burns play?
A2: jazz mandolinist
Q3: Who popularized the mandolin in Western Swing Music?
A3: Tiny Moore
Q4: Who was well known for important works of traditional blugrass?
A4: Chris Thile of California is
Q5: Who are othe rwell know players?
A5: Marty Stuart, Vince Gill, and Ricky Skaggs
Mandolin has also been used in blues music, most notably by Ry Cooder, who performed outstanding covers on his very first recordings, Yank Rachell, Johnny "Man" Young, Carl Martin, and Gerry Hundt. Howard Armstrong, who is famous for blues violin, got his start with his father's mandolin and played in string bands similar to the other Tennessee string bands he came into contact with, with band makeup including "mandolins and fiddles and guitars and banjos. And once in a while they would ease a little ukulele in there and a bass fiddle." Other blues players from the era's string bands include Willie Black (Whistler And His Jug Band), Dink Brister, Jim Hill, Charles Johnson, Coley Jones (Dallas String Band), Bobby Leecan (Need More Band), Alfred Martin, Charlie McCoy (1909-1950), Al Miller, Matthew Prater, and Herb Quinn.

Q1: Who got his start with his father's mandolin?
A1: Howard Armstrong,
Q2: Who is the most popular blue music mandolinist?
A2: Ry Cooder
Q3: What other instrument did the Tennessee string bands use?
A3: ukulele in there and a bass fiddle
Q4: Who played in the Whistler and His Jug Band?
A4: Willie Black
The mandolin has been used occasionally in rock music, first appearing in the psychedelic era of the late 1960s. Levon Helm of The Band occasionally moved from his drum kit to play mandolin, most notably on Rag Mama Rag, Rockin' Chair, and Evangeline. Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull played mandolin on Fat Man, from their second album, Stand Up, and also occasionally on later releases. Rod Stewart's 1971 No. 1 hit Maggie May features a significant mandolin riff. David Grisman played mandolin on two Grateful Dead songs on the American Beauty album, Friend of the Devil and Ripple, which became instant favorites among amateur pickers at jam sessions and campground gatherings. John Paul Jones and Jimmy Page both played mandolin on Led Zeppelin songs. The popular alt rock group Imagine Dragons feature the mandolin on a few of their songs, most prominently being It's Time. Dash Crofts of the soft rock duo Seals and Crofts extensively used mandolin in their repertoire during the 1970s. Styx released the song Boat on the River in 1980, which featured Tommy Shaw on vocals and mandolin. The song didn't chart in the United States but was popular in much of Europe and the Philippines.

Q1: When did the mandolin first appear in rock music?
A1: psychedelic era of the late 1960s
Q2: Who played the drums and the mandolin in the group called The Band?
A2: Levon Helm
Q3: What Rod Stewart song in 1971 featured the mandolin?
A3: Maggie May
Q4: What artist from the Greatful Dead played the mandolin?
A4: David Grisman
Q5: Tommy Shaw sang and played the mandolin in which Styx song?
A5: Boat on the River