romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Ancient tables provided the sun's mean longitude. Christopher Clavius, the architect of the Gregorian calendar, noted that the tables agreed neither on the time when the sun passed through the vernal equinox nor on the length of the mean tropical year. Tycho Brahe also noticed discrepancies. The Gregorian leap year rule (97 leap years in 400 years) was put forward by Petrus Pitatus of Verona in 1560. He noted that it is consistent with the tropical year of the Alfonsine tables and with the mean tropical year of Copernicus (De revolutionibus) and Reinhold (Prutenic tables). The three mean tropical years in Babylonian sexagesimals as the excess over 365 days (the way they would have been extracted from the tables of mean longitude) were 14,33,9,57 (Alphonsine), 14,33,11,12 (Copernicus) and 14,33,9,24 (Reinhold). All values are the same to two places (14:33) and this is also the mean length of the Gregorian year. Thus Pitatus' solution would have commended itself to the astronomers.

Q1: Who was the architect of the Gregorian calendar?
A1: Christopher Clavius
Q2: What did the architects of the calendar notice about the astronomical tables?
A2: discrepancies
Q3: Whose solution to the discrepancies of the tables would have been agreeable to astronomers?
A3: Petrus Pitatus
Q4: When did Pitatus offer his solution to the leap year problem?
A4: 1560
Q5: What is the theory about leap year called?
A5: Gregorian leap year rule
"Old Style" (OS) and "New Style" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there is some confusion as to what these terms mean. They can indicate that the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (NS) even though contemporary documents use a different start of year (OS); or to indicate that a date conforms to the Julian calendar (OS), formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar (NS).

Q1: What designation was added to British dates to differentiate them from countries not using the new calendar?
A1: "Old Style" (OS) and "New Style"
Q2: When was the Calendar act enacted?
A2: 1750
Q3: With what did the Calendar Act align the British calendar?
A3: Gregorian calendar
Q4: What did the use of Old Style and New Style cause?
A4: confusion
Q5: What law did the British make to cause the use of the Gregorian calendar?
A5: Calendar Act of 1750
The Gregorian calendar improves the approximation made by the Julian calendar by skipping three Julian leap days in every 400 years, giving an average year of 365.2425 mean solar days long. This approximation has an error of about one day per 3,300 years with respect to the mean tropical year. However, because of the precession of the equinoxes, the error with respect to the vernal equinox (which occurs, on average, 365.24237 days apart near 2000) is 1 day every 7,700 years, assuming a constant time interval between vernal equinoxes, which is not true. By any criterion, the Gregorian calendar is substantially more accurate than the 1 day in 128 years error of the Julian calendar (average year 365.25 days).

Q1: The Gregorian calendar is an improvement over what other calendar?
A1: Julian
Q2: How many days must be skipped to align the calendar with mean solar days in a year?
A2: three Julian leap days
Q3: What is the approximate error for every 3,300 years?
A3: one day
Q4: What is the error rate of the vernal equinox per every 7,700 years?
A4: 1 day
Q5: What was the error rate in the Julian calendar?
A5: 1 day in 128 years
Known during development as Xbox Next, Xenon, Xbox 2, Xbox FS or NextBox, the Xbox 360 was conceived in early 2003. In February 2003, planning for the Xenon software platform began, and was headed by Microsoft's Vice President J Allard. That month, Microsoft held an event for 400 developers in Bellevue, Washington to recruit support for the system. Also that month, Peter Moore, former president of Sega of America, joined Microsoft. On August 12, 2003, ATI signed on to produce the graphic processing unit for the new console, a deal which was publicly announced two days later. Before the launch of the Xbox 360, several Alpha development kits were spotted using Apple's Power Mac G5 hardware. This was because the system's PowerPC 970 processor running the same PowerPC architecture that the Xbox 360 would eventually run under IBM's Xenon processor. The cores of the Xenon processor were developed using a slightly modified version of the PlayStation 3's Cell Processor PPE architecture. According to David Shippy and Mickie Phipps, the IBM employees were "hiding" their work from Sony and Toshiba, IBM's partners in developing the Cell Processor. Jeff Minter created the music visualization program Neon which is included with the Xbox 360.

Q1: What Microsoft executive was in charge of 360 development?
A1: J Allard
Q2: What manufacturer was enlisted to design the 360's graphics processor?
A2: ATI
Q3: Where did Peter Moor work before being recruited to help on the 360?
A3: Sega of America
Q4: Original 360 Alpha dev kits used what existing system's hardware?
A4: Apple's Power Mac G5
Q5: What CPU did the 360 use?
A5: IBM's Xenon processor
At launch, the Xbox 360 was available in two configurations: the "Xbox 360" package (unofficially known as the 20 GB Pro or Premium), priced at US$399 or GB£279.99, and the "Xbox 360 Core", priced at US$299 and GB£209.99. The original shipment of the Xbox 360 version included a cut-down version of the Media Remote as a promotion. The Elite package was launched later at US$479. The "Xbox 360 Core" was replaced by the "Xbox 360 Arcade" in October 2007 and a 60 GB version of the Xbox 360 Pro was released on August 1, 2008. The Pro package was discontinued and marked down to US$249 on August 28, 2009 to be sold until stock ran out, while the Elite was also marked down in price to US$299.

Q1: The Xbox 360 Pro included what size hard drive storage?
A1: 20 GB
Q2: What was the official name of the lower-priced 360 SKU at launch?
A2: Xbox 360 Core
Q3: The Xbox 360 Elite eventually launched at what price point?
A3: US$479
Q4: The 360 Pro's original storage was replaced by a hard drive of what size in 2008?
A4: 60 GB
Q5: What did Microsoft name the SKU that replaced the 360 Core?
A5: Xbox 360 Arcade
The Xbox 360 launched with 14 games in North America and 13 in Europe. The console's best-selling game for 2005, Call of Duty 2, sold over a million copies. Five other games sold over a million copies in the console's first year on the market: Ghost Recon Advanced Warfighter, The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion, Dead or Alive 4, Saints Row, and Gears of War. Gears of War would become the best-selling game on the console with 3 million copies in 2006, before being surpassed in 2007 by Halo 3 with over 8 million copies.

Q1: How many titles did the 360 have at launch in North America?
A1: 14 games
Q2: What title was the console's best seller in 2005?
A2: Call of Duty 2
Q3: How many copies did Halo 3 sell?
A3: 8 million copies
Q4: Halo 3 was released in what year?
A4: 2007
Q5: Other than Call of Duty 2, how many games sold at least 1 million copies the first year of the 360?
A5: Five
The Xbox 360 supports videos in Windows Media Video (WMV) format (including high-definition and PlaysForSure videos), as well as H.264 and MPEG-4 media. The December 2007 dashboard update added support for the playback of MPEG-4 ASP format videos. The console can also display pictures and perform slideshows of photo collections with various transition effects, and supports audio playback, with music player controls accessible through the Xbox 360 Guide button. Users may play back their own music while playing games or using the dashboard, and can play music with an interactive visual synthesizer.

Q1: What 3 video formats did the 360 support natively at launch?
A1: Windows Media Video (WMV) format (including high-definition and PlaysForSure videos), as well as H.264 and MPEG-4
Q2: Support for what video format was added in 2007?
A2: MPEG-4 ASP
Q3: How are music player controls accessed by 360 users?
A3: the Xbox 360 Guide button
Q4: What is one feature of 360 photo slide shows?
A4: transition effects
When the Xbox 360 was released, Microsoft's online gaming service Xbox Live was shut down for 24 hours and underwent a major upgrade, adding a basic non-subscription service called Xbox Live Silver (later renamed Xbox Live Free) to its already established premium subscription-based service (which was renamed Gold). Xbox Live Free is included with all SKUs of the console. It allows users to create a user profile, join on message boards, and access Microsoft's Xbox Live Arcade and Marketplace and talk to other members. A Live Free account does not generally support multiplayer gaming; however, some games that have rather limited online functions already, (such as Viva Piñata) or games that feature their own subscription service (e.g. EA Sports games) can be played with a Free account. Xbox Live also supports voice the latter a feature possible with the Xbox Live Vision.

Q1: What was the name of the non-subscription Xbox online gaming service?
A1: Xbox Live Silver
Q2: What was the "color" name given to the premium version of Xbox Live?
A2: Gold
Q3: What key feature is not supported by the free version of Live?
A3: multiplayer gaming
Q4: Which popular gaming titles have their own online service outside Xbox Live?
A4: EA Sports games
Q5: Voice support came online with what feature addition?
A5: Xbox Live Vision
The Xbox 360 features an online service, Xbox Live, which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console's lifetime. Available in free and subscription-based varieties, Xbox Live allows users to: play games online; download games (through Xbox Live Arcade) and game demos; purchase and stream music, television programs, and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video portals; and access third-party content services through media streaming applications. In addition to online multimedia features, the Xbox 360 allows users to stream media from local PCs. Several peripherals have been released, including wireless controllers, expanded hard drive storage, and the Kinect motion sensing camera. The release of these additional services and peripherals helped the Xbox brand grow from gaming-only to encompassing all multimedia, turning it into a hub for living-room computing entertainment.

Q1: What is the name of the 360's online service?
A1: Xbox Live
Q2: What is the name of the feature that allows users to download games from Live?
A2: Xbox Live Arcade
Q3: What can people owning both a PC and 360 do?
A3: stream media
Q4: What is the name of the 360's motion sensing camera peripheral?
A4: the Kinect
Q5: The 360's multimedia capabilities transformed it from a game console to what?
A5: a hub for living-room computing entertainment
The Xbox 360's advantage over its competitors was due to the release of high profile titles from both first party and third party developers. The 2007 Game Critics Awards honored the platform with 38 nominations and 12 wins – more than any other platform. By March 2008, the Xbox 360 had reached a software attach rate of 7.5 games per console in the US; the rate was 7.0 in Europe, while its competitors were 3.8 (PS3) and 3.5 (Wii), according to Microsoft. At the 2008 Game Developers Conference, Microsoft announced that it expected over 1,000 games available for Xbox 360 by the end of the year. As well as enjoying exclusives such as additions to the Halo franchise and Gears of War, the Xbox 360 has managed to gain a simultaneous release of titles that were initially planned to be PS3 exclusives, including Devil May Cry, Ace Combat, Virtua Fighter, Grand Theft Auto IV, Final Fantasy XIII, Tekken 6, Metal Gear Solid : Rising, and L.A. Noire. In addition, Xbox 360 versions of cross-platform games were generally considered superior to their PS3 counterparts in 2006 and 2007, due in part to the difficulties of programming for the PS3.

Q1: What was the software attach rate in the US for the 360 by March of 2008?
A1: 7.5 games per console in the US
Q2: What are two prominent 360 exclusive franchises?
A2: the Halo franchise and Gears of War
Q3: Why were early multi-platform games considered superior on the 360?
A3: the difficulties of programming for the PS3
Q4: The 360 earned 38 nominations and 12 wins from what organization in 2007?
A4: Game Critics Awards
Q5: Microsoft hoped to have how many titles available for the 360 by the end of 2008?
A5: over 1,000
To aid customers with defective consoles, Microsoft extended the Xbox 360's manufacturer's warranty to three years for hardware failure problems that generate a "General Hardware Failure" error report. A "General Hardware Failure" is recognized on all models released before the Xbox 360 S by three quadrants of the ring around the power button flashing red. This error is often known as the "Red Ring of Death". In April 2009 the warranty was extended to also cover failures related to the E74 error code. The warranty extension is not granted for any other types of failures that do not generate these specific error codes.

Q1: What hardware defect code plagued the 360?
A1: "General Hardware Failure" error
Q2: What is the flashing indicator of a general hardware error known as?
A2: Red Ring of Death
Q3: How did Microsoft react to general hardware error problems?
A3: Microsoft extended the Xbox 360's manufacturer's warranty to three years
Q4: What other error code was eventually covered by this warranty extension?
A4: E74 error code
Q5: Where did users see the flashing light error codes display on their 360s?
A5: the ring around the power button
In 2009, IGN named the Xbox 360 the sixth-greatest video game console of all time, out of a field of 25. Although not the best-selling console of the seventh-generation, the Xbox 360 was deemed by TechRadar to be the most influential, by emphasizing digital media distribution and online gaming through Xbox Live, and by popularizing game achievement awards. PC Magazine considered the Xbox 360 the prototype for online gaming as it "proved that online gaming communities could thrive in the console space". Five years after the Xbox 360's original debut, the well-received Kinect motion capture camera was released, which set the record of being the fastest selling consumer electronic device in history, and extended the life of the console. Edge ranked Xbox 360 the second-best console of the 1993–2013 period, stating "It had its own social network, cross-game chat, new indie games every week, and the best version of just about every multiformat game...Killzone is no Halo and nowadays Gran Turismo is no Forza, but it's not about the exclusives—there's nothing to trump Naughty Dog's PS3 output, after all. Rather, it's about the choices Microsoft made back in the original Xbox's lifetime. The PC-like architecture meant those early EA Sports titles ran at 60fps compared to only 30 on PS3, Xbox Live meant every dedicated player had an existing friends list, and Halo meant Microsoft had the killer next-generation exclusive. And when developers demo games on PC now they do it with a 360 pad—another industry benchmark, and a critical one."

Q1: What online source called the 360 the 6th greatest console of all time in 2009?
A1: IGN
Q2: TechRadar honored the 360 by calling it what?
A2: most influential
Q3: What 360 peripheral was the fastest selling consumer electronic device in history?
A3: Kinect
Q4: According to PC Magazine, the 360 created the prototype for what?
A4: online gaming
Q5: What magazine ranked the 360 as the second best console of the 1993-2013 period?
A5: Edge
The Xbox 360 sold much better than its predecessor, and although not the best-selling console of the seventh-generation, it is regarded as a success since it strengthened Microsoft as a major force in the console market at the expense of well-established rivals. The inexpensive Nintendo Wii did sell the most console units but eventually saw a collapse of third-party software support in its later years, and it has been viewed by some as a fad since the succeeding Wii U had a poor debut in 2012. The PlayStation 3 struggled for a time due to being too expensive and initially lacking quality titles, making it far less dominant than its predecessor, the PlayStation 2, and it took until late in the PlayStation 3's lifespan for its sales and game titles to reach parity with the Xbox 360. TechRadar proclaimed that "Xbox 360 passes the baton as the king of the hill – a position that puts all the more pressure on its successor, Xbox One".

Q1: What problem hurt Nintendo's Wii console?
A1: collapse of third-party software support in its later years
Q2: The Playstation 3 originally struggled for market share for what reasons?
A2: due to being too expensive and initially lacking quality titles
Q3: Why was the 360 considered a market success for Microsoft?
A3: it strengthened Microsoft as a major force in the console market
Q4: What is the successor to the 360 called?
A4: Xbox One
Q5: Which console sold the most units in the seventh generation era?
A5: Nintendo Wii
The Xbox 360's original graphical user interface was the Xbox 360 Dashboard; a tabbed interface that featured five "Blades" (formerly four blades), and was designed by AKQA and Audiobrain. It could be launched automatically when the console booted without a disc in it, or when the disc tray was ejected, but the user had the option to select what the console does if a game is in the tray on start up, or if inserted when already on. A simplified version of it was also accessible at any time via the Xbox Guide button on the gamepad. This simplified version showed the user's gamercard, Xbox Live messages and friends list. It also allowed for personal and music settings, in addition to voice or video chats, or returning to the Xbox Dashboard from the game.

Q1: What was the original user interface for the 360 called?
A1: Xbox 360 Dashboard
Q2: Who designed this user interface?
A2: AKQA and Audiobrain
Q3: The simple dashboard could be accessed by pressing what controller button?
A3: the Xbox Guide button on the gamepad
Q4: How many tabs were on the 360 dashboard interface?
A4: five
Q5: The tabs on the user interface were called what?
A5: Blades
Xbox Live Arcade is an online service operated by Microsoft that is used to distribute downloadable video games to Xbox and Xbox 360 owners. In addition to classic arcade games such as Ms. Pac-Man, the service offers some new original games like Assault Heroes. The Xbox Live Arcade also features games from other consoles, such as the PlayStation game Castlevania: Symphony of the Night and PC games such as Zuma. The service was first launched on November 3, 2004, using a DVD to load, and offered games for about US$5 to $15. Items are purchased using Microsoft Points, a proprietary currency used to reduce credit card transaction charges. On November 22, 2005, Xbox Live Arcade was re-launched with the release of the Xbox 360, in which it was now integrated with the Xbox 360's dashboard. The games are generally aimed toward more casual gamers; examples of the more popular titles are Geometry Wars, Street Fighter II' Hyper Fighting, and Uno. On March 24, 2010, Microsoft introduced the Game Room to Xbox Live. Game Room is a gaming service for Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows that lets players compete in classic arcade and console games in a virtual arcade.

Q1: What was a classic title originally offered by the Xbox Live Arcade?
A1: Ms. Pac-Man
Q2: What was a new, original title originally available from Arcade?
A2: Assault Heroes
Q3: What date did the Xbox Live Arcade launch on?
A3: November 3, 2004
Q4: When was Arcade Live relaunched with 360 support?
A4: November 22, 2005
Q5: What is the name of the online virtual arcade that launched in 2010?
A5: Game Room
At the 2007, 2008, and 2009 Consumer Electronics Shows, Microsoft had announced that IPTV services would soon be made available to use through the Xbox 360. In 2007, Microsoft chairman Bill Gates stated that IPTV on Xbox 360 was expected to be available to consumers by the holiday season, using the Microsoft TV IPTV Edition platform. In 2008, Gates and president of Entertainment & Devices Robbie Bach announced a partnership with BT in the United Kingdom, in which the BT Vision advanced TV service, using the newer Microsoft Mediaroom IPTV platform, would be accessible via Xbox 360, planned for the middle of the year. BT Vision's DVR-based features would not be available on Xbox 360 due to limited hard drive capacity. In 2010, while announcing version 2.0 of Microsoft Mediaroom, Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer mentioned that AT&T's U-verse IPTV service would enable Xbox 360s to be used as set-top boxes later in the year. As of January 2010, IPTV on Xbox 360 has yet to be deployed beyond limited trials.

Q1: At what conventions did Microsoft announce IPTV support through the 360?
A1: Consumer Electronics Shows
Q2: Which Microsoft executive announced IPTV as "soon" in 2007?
A2: Bill Gates
Q3: Who was Microsoft's president of Entertainment & Devices in 2008?
A3: Robbie Bach
Q4: What UK company did Microsoft partner with to bring IPTV to the 360?
A4: BT
Q5: What Microsoft executive announced the launch of version 2.0 of Mediaroom?
A5: Steve Ballmer
The Xbox Live Marketplace is a virtual market designed for the console that allows Xbox Live users to download purchased or promotional content. The service offers movie and game trailers, game demos, Xbox Live Arcade games and Xbox 360 Dashboard themes as well as add-on game content (items, costumes, levels etc.). These features are available to both Free and Gold members on Xbox Live. A hard drive or memory unit is required to store products purchased from Xbox Live Marketplace. In order to download priced content, users are required to purchase Microsoft Points for use as scrip; though some products (such as trailers and demos) are free to download. Microsoft Points can be obtained through prepaid cards in 1,600 and 4,000-point denominations. Microsoft Points can also be purchased through Xbox Live with a credit card in 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 5,000-point denominations. Users are able to view items available to download on the service through a PC via the Xbox Live Marketplace website. An estimated seventy percent of Xbox Live users have downloaded items from the Marketplace.

Q1: What XBox Live service allows users to buy games and downloadable content?
A1: Xbox Live Marketplace
Q2: Which levels of Xbox Live membership may access the Marketplace?
A2: Free and Gold members
Q3: What hardware is required to use the Marketplace?
A3: A hard drive or memory unit
Q4: What virtual currency is used to make Marketplace purchases?
A4: Microsoft Points
Q5: Prepaid cards for Microsoft Points are available in what denominations?
A5: 1,600 and 4,000