romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
In the 1970s, the Bronx was plagued by a wave of arson. The burning of buildings was predominantly in the poorest communities, like the South Bronx. The most common explanation of what occurred was that landlords decided to burn their low property-value buildings and take the insurance money as it was more lucrative to get insurance money than to refurbish or sell a building in a severely distressed area. The Bronx became identified with a high rate of poverty and unemployment, which was mainly a persistent problem in the South Bronx.

Q1: What crime was common in the Bronx in the 1970s?
A1: arson
Q2: Why did some landlords burn their own buildings?
A2: it was more lucrative to get insurance money than to refurbish or sell a building in a severely distressed area
Q3: Where were poverty and unemployment the worst in the Bronx?
A3: South Bronx
Since the late 1980s, significant development has occurred in the Bronx, first stimulated by the city's "Ten-Year Housing Plan" and community members working to rebuild the social, economic and environmental infrastructure by creating affordable housing. Groups affiliated with churches in the South Bronx erected the Nehemiah Homes with about 1,000 units. The grass roots organization Nos Quedamos' endeavor known as Melrose Commons began to rebuild areas in the South Bronx. The IRT White Plains Road Line (2 5 trains) began to show an increase in riders. Chains such as Marshalls, Staples, and Target opened stores in the Bronx. More bank branches opened in the Bronx as a whole (rising from 106 in 1997 to 149 in 2007), although not primarily in poor or minority neighborhoods, while the Bronx still has fewer branches per person than other boroughs.

Q1: What city plan helped redevelop the Bronx?
A1: "Ten-Year Housing Plan"
Q2: How many units are in the Nehemiah Homes?
A2: about 1,000
Q3: Who built the Nehemiah Homes?
A3: Groups affiliated with churches in the South Bronx
Q4: Who led the Melrose Commons project?
A4: Nos Quedamos
Q5: How many bank branches were in the Bronx by 2007?
A5: 149
In 1997, the Bronx was designated an All America City by the National Civic League, acknowledging its comeback from the decline of the mid-century. In 2006, The New York Times reported that "construction cranes have become the borough's new visual metaphor, replacing the window decals of the 1980s in which pictures of potted plants and drawn curtains were placed in the windows of abandoned buildings." The borough has experienced substantial new building construction since 2002. Between 2002 and June 2007, 33,687 new units of housing were built or were under way and $4.8 billion has been invested in new housing. In the first six months of 2007 alone total investment in new residential development was $965 million and 5,187 residential units were scheduled to be completed. Much of the new development is springing up in formerly vacant lots across the South Bronx.

Q1: What award did the Bronx receive in 1997?
A1: All America City
Q2: Who gave the Bronx an award in 1997?
A2: the National Civic League
Q3: How were window decals used in the Bronx in the 1980s?
A3: pictures of potted plants and drawn curtains were placed in the windows of abandoned buildings
Q4: How many housing units were built in the Bronx in 2002-2007?
A4: 33,687
Q5: How much was invested in housing in the Bronx in 2002-2007?
A5: $4.8 billion
Several boutique and chain hotels have opened in recent years in the South Bronx; in addition, a La Quinta Inn that has been proposed for the Mott Haven waterfront. The Kingsbridge Armory, often cited as the largest armory in the world, is scheduled for redevelopment as the Kingsbridge National Ice Center. Under consideration for future development is the construction of a platform over the New York City Subway's Concourse Yard adjacent to Lehman College. The construction would permit approximately 2,000,000 square feet (190,000 m2) of development and would cost US$350–500 million.

Q1: What is Kingsbridge Armory being turned into?
A1: Kingsbridge National Ice Center
Q2: What was the largest armory in the world?
A2: Kingsbridge Armory
Q3: Where is a La Quinta being built in the Bronx?
A3: the Mott Haven waterfront
Q4: How much would a Concourse Yard platform cost?
A4: US$350–500 million
Q5: How much development space would a Concourse Yard platform provide?
A5: 2,000,000 square feet
The Bronx is almost entirely situated on the North American mainland. The Hudson River separates the Bronx on the west from Alpine, Tenafly and Englewood Cliffs in Bergen County, New Jersey; the Harlem River separates it from the island of Manhattan to the southwest; the East River separates it from Queens to the southeast; and to the east, Long Island Sound separates it from Nassau County in western Long Island. Directly north of the Bronx are (from west to east) the adjoining Westchester County communities of Yonkers, Mount Vernon, Pelham Manor and New Rochelle. (There is also a short southern land boundary with Marble Hill in the Borough of Manhattan, over the filled-in former course of the Spuyten Duyvil Creek. Marble Hill's postal ZIP code, telephonic Area Code and fire service, however, are shared with the Bronx and not Manhattan.)

Q1: What's on the other side of the Hudson from the Bronx?
A1: Alpine, Tenafly and Englewood Cliffs
Q2: What county is Tenafly in?
A2: Bergen County
Q3: What state is Alpine in?
A3: New Jersey
Q4: What's on the other side of the Harlem River from the Bronx?
A4: Manhattan
Q5: What's on the other side of the East River from the Bronx?
A5: Queens
The Bronx's highest elevation at 280 feet (85 m) is in the northwest corner, west of Van Cortlandt Park and in the Chapel Farm area near the Riverdale Country School. The opposite (southeastern) side of the Bronx has four large low peninsulas or "necks" of low-lying land that jut into the waters of the East River and were once salt marsh: Hunt's Point, Clason's Point, Screvin's Neck and Throg's Neck. Further up the coastline, Rodman's Neck lies between Pelham Bay Park in the northeast and City Island. The Bronx's irregular shoreline extends for 75 square miles (194 km2).

Q1: Where is the Bronx's highest point?
A1: in the northwest corner, west of Van Cortlandt Park and in the Chapel Farm area near the Riverdale Country School
Q2: What part of the Bronx formerly a salt marsh?
A2: southeastern
Q3: What are the Bronx's four low peninsulas?
A3: Hunt's Point, Clason's Point, Screvin's Neck and Throg's Neck
Q4: What is Rodman's Neck between?
A4: Pelham Bay Park in the northeast and City Island
Q5: How long is the Bronx's shoreline?
A5: 75 square miles
The northern side of the borough includes the largest park in New York City—Pelham Bay Park, which includes Orchard Beach—and the fourth largest, Van Cortlandt Park, which is west of Woodlawn Cemetery and borders Yonkers. Also in the northern Bronx, Wave Hill, the former estate of George W. Perkins—known for a historic house, gardens, changing site-specific art installations and concerts—overlooks the New Jersey Palisades from a promontory on the Hudson in Riverdale. Nearer the borough's center, and along the Bronx River, is Bronx Park; its northern end houses the New York Botanical Gardens, which preserve the last patch of the original hemlock forest that once covered the entire county, and its southern end the Bronx Zoo, the largest urban zoological gardens in the United States. Just south of Van Cortlandt Park is the Jerome Park Reservoir, surrounded by 2 miles (3 km) of stone walls and bordering several small parks in the Bedford Park neighborhood; the reservoir was built in the 1890s on the site of the former Jerome Park Racetrack. Further south is Crotona Park, home to a 3.3-acre (1.3 ha) lake, 28 species of trees, and a large swimming pool. The land for these parks, and many others, was bought by New York City in 1888, while land was still open and inexpensive, in anticipation of future needs and future pressures for development.

Q1: When did NYC buy land for its parks?
A1: 1888
Q2: How many types of trees are in Crotona Park?
A2: 28
Q3: How large is Crotona Park's lake?
A3: 3.3-acre
Q4: When was the Jerome Park Reservoir built?
A4: in the 1890s
Q5: What do the NY Botanical Gardens preserve?
A5: the last patch of the original hemlock forest that once covered the entire county
East of the Bronx River, the borough is relatively flat and includes four large low peninsulas, or 'necks,' of low-lying land which jut into the waters of the East River and were once saltmarsh: Hunts Point, Clason's Point, Screvin's Neck (Castle Hill Point) and Throgs Neck. The East Bronx has older tenement buildings, low income public housing complexes, and multifamily homes, as well as single family homes. It includes New York City's largest park: Pelham Bay Park along the Westchester-Bronx border.

Q1: What is Screvin's Neck also called?
A1: Castle Hill Point
Q2: In what river does the Bronx have 4 peninsulas?
A2: East River
Q3: What is NYC's largest park?
A3: Pelham Bay Park
Q4: Where is Pelham Bay Park?
A4: along the Westchester-Bronx border
The western parts of the Bronx are hillier and are dominated by a series of parallel ridges, running south to north. The West Bronx has older apartment buildings, low income public housing complexes, multifamily homes in its lower income areas as well as larger single family homes in more affluent areas such as Riverdale and Fieldston. It includes New York City's fourth largest park: Van Cortlandt Park along the Westchester-Bronx border. The Grand Concourse, a wide boulevard, runs through it, north to south.

Q1: What parts of the Bronx have more hills?
A1: western
Q2: What parts of West Bronx are more affluent?
A2: Riverdale and Fieldston.
Q3: What is NYC's 4th-largest park?
A3: Van Cortlandt Park
Q4: Where is Van Cortlandt Park?
A4: along the Westchester-Bronx border
Q5: What is the Grand Concourse?
A5: a wide boulevard
Like other neighborhoods in New York City, the South Bronx has no official boundaries. The name has been used to represent poverty in the Bronx and applied to progressively more northern places so that by the 2000s Fordham Road was often used as a northern limit. The Bronx River more consistently forms an eastern boundary. The South Bronx has many high-density apartment buildings, low income public housing complexes, and multi-unit homes. The South Bronx is home to the Bronx County Courthouse, Borough Hall, and other government buildings, as well as Yankee Stadium. The Cross Bronx Expressway bisects it, east to west. The South Bronx has some of the poorest neighborhoods in the country, as well as very high crime areas.

Q1: Why has the supposed size of the 'South Bronx' grown?
A1: The name has been used to represent poverty in the Bronx and applied to progressively more northern places
Q2: When was Fordham Road being used as the limit of the South Bronx area?
A2: by the 2000s
Q3: Which river is the eastern edge of the South Bronx?
A3: The Bronx River
Q4: Which stadium is in the South Bronx?
A4: Yankee Stadium
Q5: Which direction does the Cross Bronx Expressway run through the South Bronx?
A5: east to west
There are three primary shopping centers in the Bronx: The Hub, Gateway Center and Southern Boulevard. The Hub–Third Avenue Business Improvement District (B.I.D.), in The Hub, is the retail heart of the South Bronx, located where four roads converge: East 149th Street, Willis, Melrose and Third Avenues. It is primarily located inside the neighborhood of Melrose but also lines the northern border of Mott Haven. The Hub has been called "the Broadway of the Bronx", being likened to the real Broadway in Manhattan and the northwestern Bronx. It is the site of both maximum traffic and architectural density. In configuration, it resembles a miniature Times Square, a spatial "bow-tie" created by the geometry of the street. The Hub is part of Bronx Community Board 1.

Q1: What in the Bronx has been compared to Broadway?
A1: The Hub
Q2: What is the main retail area of the South Bronx?
A2: The Hub–Third Avenue Business Improvement District
Q3: Which streets demarcate The Hub BID?
A3: East 149th Street, Willis, Melrose and Third Avenues
Q4: What is The Hub's nickname?
A4: "the Broadway of the Bronx"
Q5: What shape is The Hub?
A5: bow-tie
The Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market, in the West Bronx, is a shopping center that encompasses less than one million square feet of retail space, built on a 17 acres (7 ha) site that formerly held the Bronx Terminal Market, a wholesale fruit and vegetable market as well as the former Bronx House of Detention, south of Yankee Stadium. The $500 million shopping center, which was completed in 2009, saw the construction of new buildings and two smaller buildings, one new and the other a renovation of an existing building that was part of the original market. The two main buildings are linked by a six-level garage for 2,600 cars. The center has earned itself a LEED "Silver" designation in its design.

Q1: How much land was the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market built on?
A1: 17 acres
Q2: How much did the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market cost?
A2: $500 million
Q3: How many floors does the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market's parking garage have?
A3: six
Q4: How many cars can the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market's parking garage hold?
A4: 2,600
The Bronx street grid is irregular. Like the northernmost part of upper Manhattan, the West Bronx's hilly terrain leaves a relatively free-style street grid. Much of the West Bronx's street numbering carries over from upper Manhattan, but does not match it exactly; East 132nd Street is the lowest numbered street in the Bronx. This dates from the mid-19th century when the southwestern area of Westchester County west of the Bronx River, was incorporated into New York City and known as the Northside.

Q1: What part of Manhattan are the West Bronx's streets similar to?
A1: northernmost part of upper Manhattan
Q2: What is the lowest street number seen in the Bronx?
A2: 132nd
Q3: What was the Bronx called in the mid-19th century?
A3: the Northside
Q4: When was the Bronx added to NYC?
A4: the mid-19th century
According to the 2010 Census, 53.5% of Bronx's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race); 30.1% non-Hispanic Black or African American, 10.9% of the population was non-Hispanic White, 3.4% non-Hispanic Asian, 0.6% from some other race (non-Hispanic) and 1.2% of two or more races (non-Hispanic). The U.S. Census considers the Bronx to be the most diverse area in the country. There is an 89.7 percent chance that any two residents, chosen at random, would be of different race or ethnicity.

Q1: How much of the Bronx's population is Hispanic?
A1: 53.5%
Q2: How much of the Bronx's population is non-Hispanic White?
A2: 10.9%
Q3: How much of the Bronx's population is non-Hispanic Black?
A3: 30.1%
Q4: How much of the Bronx's population is non-Hispanic Asian?
A4: 3.4%
Q5: How much of the Bronx's population is non-Hispanic multiracial?
A5: 1.2%
As of 2010, 46.29% (584,463) of Bronx residents aged five and older spoke Spanish at home, while 44.02% (555,767) spoke English, 2.48% (31,361) African languages, 0.91% (11,455) French, 0.90% (11,355) Italian, 0.87% (10,946) various Indic languages, 0.70% (8,836) other Indo-European languages, and Chinese was spoken at home by 0.50% (6,610) of the population over the age of five. In total, 55.98% (706,783) of the Bronx's population age five and older spoke a language at home other than English. A Garifuna-speaking community from Honduras and Guatemala also makes the Bronx its home.

Q1: How much of the Bronx speaks Spanish at home?
A1: 46.29%
Q2: How much of the Bronx speaks English at home?
A2: 44.02%
Q3: How much of the Bronx speaks African languages at home?
A3: 2.48%
Q4: How much of the Bronx speaks French at home?
A4: 0.91%
Q5: How much of the Bronx speaks Chinese at home?
A5: 0.50%
According to the 2009 American Community Survey, White Americans of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin represented over one-fifth (22.9%) of the Bronx's population. However, non-Hispanic whites formed under one-eighth (12.1%) of the population, down from 34.4% in 1980. Out of all five boroughs, the Bronx has the lowest number and percentage of white residents. 320,640 whites called the Bronx home, of which 168,570 were non-Hispanic whites. The majority of the non-Hispanic European American population is of Italian and Irish descent. People of Italian descent numbered over 55,000 individuals and made up 3.9% of the population. People of Irish descent numbered over 43,500 individuals and made up 3.1% of the population. German Americans and Polish Americans made up 1.4% and 0.8% of the population respectively.

Q1: How much of the Bronx is white (including Hispanic) as of 2009?
A1: 22.9%
Q2: How much of the Bronx was non-Hispanic white as of 1980?
A2: 12.1%
Q3: How much of the Bronx was non-Hispanic white as of 2009?
A3: 34.4%
Q4: How many white people live in the Bronx?
A4: 320,640
Q5: How many non-Hispanic white people live in the Bronx?
A5: 168,570
At the 2009 American Community Survey, Black Americans made the second largest group in the Bronx after Hispanics and Latinos. Blacks of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin represented over one-third (35.4%) of the Bronx's population. Blacks of non-Hispanic origin made up 30.8% of the population. Over 495,200 blacks resided in the borough, of which 430,600 were non-Hispanic blacks. Over 61,000 people identified themselves as "Sub-Saharan African" in the survey, making up 4.4% of the population.

Q1: How much of the Bronx's population is black (including Hispanic)?
A1: 35.4%
Q2: How much of the Bronx's population is black (not including Hispanic)?
A2: 30.8%
Q3: How many Bronx residents called themselves "Sub-Saharan African" in 2009?
A3: Over 61,000
Q4: What percent of Bronx residents called themselves "Sub-Saharan African" in 2009?
A4: 4.4%
Q5: How many people in the Bronx are black (not including Hispanic)?
A5: 430,600
In 2009, Hispanic and Latino Americans represented 52.0% of the Bronx's population. Puerto Ricans represented 23.2% of the borough's population. Over 72,500 Mexicans lived in the Bronx, and they formed 5.2% of the population. Cubans numbered over 9,640 members and formed 0.7% of the population. In addition, over 319,000 people were of various Hispanic and Latino groups, such as Dominican, Salvadoran, and so on. These groups collectively represented 22.9% of the population. At the 2010 Census, 53.5% of Bronx's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race). Asian Americans are a small but sizable minority in the borough. Roughly 49,600 Asians make up 3.6% of the population. Roughly 13,600 Indians call the Bronx home, along with 9,800 Chinese, 6,540 Filipinos, 2,260 Vietnamese, 2,010 Koreans, and 1,100 Japanese.

Q1: What percent of the Bronx is Hispanic and Latino Americans?
A1: 52.0%
Q2: What percent of the Bronx is Puerto Rican?
A2: 23.2%
Q3: What percent of the Bronx is Mexican?
A3: 5.2%
Q4: What percent of the Bronx is Cuban?
A4: 0.7%
Q5: What percent of the Bronx is Asian?
A5: 3.6%
Multiracial Americans are also a sizable minority in the Bronx. People of multiracial heritage number over 41,800 individuals and represent 3.0% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and African American heritage number over 6,850 members and form 0.5% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and Native American heritage number over 2,450 members and form 0.2% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and Asian heritage number over 880 members and form 0.1% of the population. People of mixed African American and Native American heritage number over 1,220 members and form 0.1% of the population.

Q1: How many multiracial people live in the Bronx?
A1: over 41,800
Q2: What percent of the Bronx has mixed Caucasian and African American heritage?
A2: 0.5%
Q3: What percent of the Bronx is multiracial?
A3: 3.0%
Q4: What percent of the Bronx has mixed Caucasian and Asian heritage?
A4: 0.1%
Q5: What percent of the Bronx has mixed Caucasian and Native American heritage?
A5: 0.2%
The office of Borough President was created in the consolidation of 1898 to balance centralization with local authority. Each borough president had a powerful administrative role derived from having a vote on the New York City Board of Estimate, which was responsible for creating and approving the city's budget and proposals for land use. In 1989 the Supreme Court of the United States declared the Board of Estimate unconstitutional on the grounds that Brooklyn, the most populous borough, had no greater effective representation on the Board than Staten Island, the least populous borough, a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause pursuant to the high court's 1964 "one man, one vote" decision.

Q1: When was the 'one man, one vote' decision?
A1: 1964
Q2: Which amendment contains the Equal Protection Clause?
A2: Fourteenth
Q3: When were Borough Presidents created?
A3: 1898
Q4: When was the Board of Estimate found unconstitutional?
A4: 1989
Q5: Why was the Board of Estimate found unconstitutional?
A5: Brooklyn, the most populous borough, had no greater effective representation on the Board than Staten Island, the least populous borough
Until March 1, 2009, the Borough President of the Bronx was Adolfo Carrión Jr., elected as a Democrat in 2001 and 2005 before retiring early to direct the White House Office of Urban Affairs Policy. His successor, Democratic New York State Assembly member Rubén Díaz, Jr., who won a special election on April 21, 2009 by a vote of 86.3% (29,420) on the "Bronx Unity" line to 13.3% (4,646) for the Republican district leader Anthony Ribustello on the "People First" line, became Borough President on May 1.

Q1: When did Carrion Jr. retire as Borough President?
A1: March 1, 2009
Q2: When was Carrion Jr. first elected Borough President?
A2: 2001
Q3: When was Carrion Jr. re-elected Borough President?
A3: 2005
Q4: Who succeeded Carrion Jr.?
A4: Rubén Díaz, Jr.
Q5: When was Diaz Jr. elected?
A5: April 21, 2009
In the Presidential primary elections of February 5, 2008, Sen. Clinton won 61.2% of the Bronx's 148,636 Democratic votes against 37.8% for Barack Obama and 1.0% for the other four candidates combined (John Edwards, Dennis Kucinich, Bill Richardson and Joe Biden). On the same day, John McCain won 54.4% of the borough's 5,643 Republican votes, Mitt Romney 20.8%, Mike Huckabee 8.2%, Ron Paul 7.4%, Rudy Giuliani 5.6%, and the other candidates (Fred Thompson, Duncan Hunter and Alan Keyes) 3.6% between them.

Q1: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Clinton get?
A1: 61.2%
Q2: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Obama get?
A2: 37.8%
Q3: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did McCain get?
A3: 54.4%
Q4: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Huckabee get?
A4: 8.2%
Q5: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Romney get?
A5: 20.8%
Since then, the Bronx has always supported the Democratic Party's nominee for President, starting with a vote of 2-1 for the unsuccessful Al Smith in 1928, followed by four 2-1 votes for the successful Franklin D. Roosevelt. (Both had been Governors of New York, but Republican former Gov. Thomas E. Dewey won only 28% of the Bronx's vote in 1948 against 55% for Pres. Harry Truman, the winning Democrat, and 17% for Henry A. Wallace of the Progressives. It was only 32 years earlier, by contrast, that another Republican former Governor who narrowly lost the Presidency, Charles Evans Hughes, had won 42.6% of the Bronx's 1916 vote against Democratic President Woodrow Wilson's 49.8% and Socialist candidate Allan Benson's 7.3%.)

Q1: Who did the Bronx support for President in 1928?
A1: Al Smith
Q2: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1916 did Hughes get?
A2: 42.6%
Q3: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1916 did Wilson get?
A3: 42.6%
Q4: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1916 did Benson get?
A4: 7.3%
Q5: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1948 did Truman get?
A5: 55%