romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Larger SAMs may be deployed in fixed launchers, but can be towed/re-deployed at will. The SAMs launched by individuals are known in the United States as the Man-Portable Air Defence Systems (MANPADS). MANPADS of the former Soviet Union have been exported around the World, and can be found in use by many armed forces. Targets for non-ManPAD SAMs will usually be acquired by air-search radar, then tracked before/while a SAM is "locked-on" and then fired. Potential targets, if they are military aircraft, will be identified as friend or foe before being engaged. The developments in the latest and relatively cheap short-range missiles have begun to replace autocannons in this role.

Q1: What can be deployed in fixed launchers but re-deploy at will?
A1: Larger SAMs
Q2: What are the SAMs called that are launched by individuals in the US?
A2: MANPADS
Q3: What does MANPADS mean?
A3: Man-Portable Air Defence Systems
Q4: How are targets aquired for non-ManPAD SAMs?
A4: air-search radar
Q5: Short range missiles are replacing what weapons?
A5: autocannons
However, as stealth technology grows, so does anti-stealth technology. Multiple transmitter radars such as those from bistatic radars and low-frequency radars are said to have the capabilities to detect stealth aircraft. Advanced forms of thermographic cameras such as those that incorporate QWIPs would be able to optically see a Stealth aircraft regardless of the aircraft's RCS. In addition, Side looking radars, High-powered optical satellites, and sky-scanning, high-aperture, high sensitivity radars such as radio telescopes, would all be able to narrow down the location of a stealth aircraft under certain parameters. The newest SAM's have a claimed ability to be able to detect and engage stealth targets, with the most notable being the S-400, which is claimed to be able to detect a target with a 0.05 meter squared RCS from 90 km away.

Q1: What continues to grow along with stealth technology?
A1: anti-stealth technology
Q2: What can detect stealth aircraft?
A2: Multiple transmitter radars
Q3: What can see stealth aircraft even with RCS?
A3: Advanced forms of thermographic cameras
Q4: What is the most notable SAM that can detect a stealth target?
A4: the S-400
Q5: How far away can the S-400 detect a target?
A5: 90 km away
Sanskrit (/ˈsænskrɪt/; Sanskrit: saṃskṛtam [səmskr̩t̪əm] or saṃskṛta, originally saṃskṛtā vāk, "refined speech") is the primary sacred language of Hinduism, a philosophical language in Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism and Jainism, and a literary language that was in use as a lingua franca in Greater India. It is a standardised dialect of Old Indo-Aryan, originating as Vedic Sanskrit and tracing its linguistic ancestry back to Proto-Indo-Iranian and Proto-Indo-European. Today it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand. As one of the oldest Indo-European languages for which substantial written documentation exists, Sanskrit holds a prominent position in Indo-European studies.

Q1: Sanskrit is the primary sacred language of which religion?
A1: Hinduism
Q2: How many scheduled languages are there in present-day India?
A2: 22
Q3: Which Indian state has Sanskrit as its official language?
A3: Uttarakhand
Q4: Sanskrit is used as a pkilsosophical language in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and which other religion?
A4: Sikhism
Q5: Sanskrit is a standardized dialect of which language?
A5: Old Indo-Aryan
Q6: What language is the sacred language of Hinduism?
A6: Sanskrit
Q7: Besides its uses as language of religions, for what other application can Sanskrit be used?
A7: lingua franca
Q8: Where is Sanskrit usually found?
A8: India
Q9: From what is Sanskrit an adaption?
A9: Old Indo-Aryan
Q10: From what language did Sanskrit originate?
A10: Vedic Sanskrit
Over 90 weeklies, fortnightlies and quarterlies are published in Sanskrit. Sudharma, a daily newspaper in Sanskrit, has been published out of Mysore, India, since 1970, while Sanskrit Vartman Patram and Vishwasya Vrittantam started in Gujarat during the last five years. Since 1974, there has been a short daily news broadcast on state-run All India Radio. These broadcasts are also made available on the internet on AIR's website. Sanskrit news is broadcast on TV and on the internet through the DD National channel at 6:55 AM IST.

Q1: In what year was the daily newspaper Sudharma first published?
A1: 1970
Q2: Where are Sanskrit Vartman Patram and Vishwasya Vrittantam published?
A2: Gujarat
Q3: In what year did daily news broadcasts in Sankrit begin on state-run All India Radio?
A3: 1974
Q4: Approximately how many weeklies, fortnightlies and quarterlies published in Sanskrit?
A4: Over 90
Q5: What is the broadcast time for Sanskrit news on the DD National channel?
A5: 6:55 AM IST
Q6: What is the publication, Sudharma?
A6: daily newspaper
Q7: Where is the newspaper Sudharma published?
A7: Mysore, India
Q8: What language are many periodicals published in in India?
A8: Sanskrit
Q9: Since what year has there been a daily broadcast on All India Radio?
A9: 1974
Q10: Where can the Sanskrit broadcasts be found online?
A10: AIR's website
Sanskrit linguist Madhav Deshpande says that when the term "Sanskrit" arose it was not thought of as a specific language set apart from other languages, but rather as a particularly refined or perfected manner of speaking. Knowledge of Sanskrit was a marker of social class and educational attainment in ancient India, and the language was taught mainly to members of the higher castes through the close analysis of Vyākaraṇins such as Pāṇini and Patanjali, who exhorted proper Sanskrit at all times, especially during ritual. Sanskrit, as the learned language of Ancient India, thus existed alongside the vernacular Prakrits, which were Middle Indo-Aryan languages. However, linguistic change led to an eventual loss of mutual intelligibility.

Q1: In Ancient India, which vernacular languages existed alongside Sanskrit?
A1: Prakrits
Q2: The works of which two scholars were used to teach Sanskrit to the higher castes of India?
A2: Pāṇini and Patanjali
Q3: The use of Sanskrit was considered to be a marker of what in Ancient India?
A3: social class and educational attainment
Q4: What type of language were Prakrits?
A4: Middle Indo-Aryan
Q5: Which Sanskrit linguist describes Sanskrit as a "particularly refined or perfected manner of speaking?"
A5: Madhav Deshpande
Q6: What style of speech did linguist Madhav Deshpande say Sanskrit started out as?
A6: perfected manner
Q7: Of what was Sanskrit once thought to be a divider?
A7: social class
Q8: How was Sanskrit originally used?
A8: ritual
Q9: Where was Sanskrit a learned language of the high classes?
A9: Ancient India
Q10: With what did Sanskrit exist beside?
A10: vernacular Prakrits
Brahmi evolved into a multiplicity of Brahmic scripts, many of which were used to write Sanskrit. Roughly contemporary with the Brahmi, Kharosthi was used in the northwest of the subcontinent. Sometime between the fourth and eighth centuries, the Gupta script, derived from Brahmi, became prevalent. Around the eighth century, the Śāradā script evolved out of the Gupta script. The latter was displaced in its turn by Devanagari in the 11th or 12th century, with intermediary stages such as the Siddhaṃ script. In East India, the Bengali alphabet, and, later, the Odia alphabet, were used.

Q1: Around what time did the Gupta script become prevalent for writing Sanskrit?
A1: between the fourth and eighth centuries
Q2: What types of script was used to write Sanskrit in the northwest part of Indai?
A2: Kharosthi
Q3: Which script evolved from the Gupta script in the 8th century?
A3: Śāradā
Q4: In what time period did the Devangari script become prevalent?
A4: 11th or 12th century
Q5: Which script replaced the Gupta script?
A5: Devanagari
Q6: What were used to write Sanskrit?
A6: Brahmic scripts
Q7: Between the forth and eighth century, what script evolved?
A7: Gupta
Q8: What script was used in the northwest of India?
A8: Kharosthi
Q9: From what was Gupta derived?
A9: Brahmi
Q10: What script evolved from the Gupta script?
A10: Śāradā
Many Sanskrit loanwords are also found in Austronesian languages, such as Javanese, particularly the older form in which nearly half the vocabulary is borrowed. Other Austronesian languages, such as traditional Malay and modern Indonesian, also derive much of their vocabulary from Sanskrit, albeit to a lesser extent, with a larger proportion derived from Arabic. Similarly, Philippine languages such as Tagalog have some Sanskrit loanwords, although more are derived from Spanish. A Sanskrit loanword encountered in many Southeast Asian languages is the word bhāṣā, or spoken language, which is used to refer to the names of many languages.

Q1: Tagalog is what kind of language?
A1: Philippine
Q2: From what language is a large proportion of Tagalog derived?
A2: Spanish
Q3: What is an example of a Sanskrit loanword used in Southeast Asian languages?
A3: bhāṣā
Q4: What is the meaning of the Sanskrit loanword "bhāṣā?"
A4: spoken language
Q5: What is an example of a traditional language that derives much of its vocabulary from Sanskrit?
A5: Malay
Q6: Where were many Sanskrit words found?
A6: Austronesian languages
Q7: In what older from of which language were more than half the words borrowed from Sanskrit?
A7: Javanese
Q8: What Sanskrit borrowed word is found in many Asian languages?
A8: bhāṣā
Q9: What is the meaning of bhasa?
A9: spoken language
Q10: Where does traditional Malay get many of its loanwords?
A10: Sanskrit
For nearly 2000 years, Sanskrit was the language of a cultural order that exerted influence across South Asia, Inner Asia, Southeast Asia, and to a certain extent East Asia. A significant form of post-Vedic Sanskrit is found in the Sanskrit of Indian epic poetry—the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The deviations from Pāṇini in the epics are generally considered to be on account of interference from Prakrits, or innovations, and not because they are pre-Paninian. Traditional Sanskrit scholars call such deviations ārṣa (आर्ष), meaning 'of the ṛṣis', the traditional title for the ancient authors. In some contexts, there are also more "prakritisms" (borrowings from common speech) than in Classical Sanskrit proper. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit is a literary language heavily influenced by the Middle Indo-Aryan languages, based on early Buddhist Prakrit texts which subsequently assimilated to the Classical Sanskrit standard in varying degrees.

Q1: What are two examples of epic poetry written in Sanskrit?
A1: the Ramayana and Mahabharata
Q2: What are prakritisms?
A2: borrowings from common speech
Q3: Which Sanskrit literary language has been influenced by the Middle Indo-Aryan languages?
A3: Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
Q4: How long was Sanskrit a language of culture?
A4: 2000 years
Q5: What epic poems are written in post-Vedic Sanskrit?
A5: Ramayana and Mahabharata
Q6: Where is a post-Vedic form of Sanskrit found?
A6: Indian epic poetry
Q7: Of what are deviations in the epics thought to be the influence?
A7: Prakrits
Q8: What is found to a lesser extent in Classical Sanskrit?
A8: prakritisms
From the Rigveda until the time of Pāṇini (fourth century BCE) the development of the early Vedic language can be observed in other Vedic texts: the Samaveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, Brahmanas, and Upanishads. During this time, the prestige of the language, its use for sacred purposes, and the importance attached to its correct enunciation all served as powerful conservative forces resisting the normal processes of linguistic change. However, there is a clear, five-level linguistic development of Vedic from the Rigveda to the language of the Upanishads and the earliest sutras such as the Baudhayana sutras.

Q1: When was the time of Panini?
A1: fourth century BCE
Q2: What type of text is the Samaveda?
A2: Vedic texts
Q3: What was Sanskrit used for?
A3: sacred purposes
Q4: How was Sanskrit viewed to be in relation to maintaining class?
A4: conservative
Q5: To what did the use of Sanskrit as a upper class language produce a resistance ?
A5: change
Sheldon Pollock argues that "most observers would agree that, in some crucial way, Sanskrit is dead".:393 Pollock has further argued that, while Sanskrit continued to be used in literary cultures in India, it was never adapted to express the changing forms of subjectivity and sociality as embodied and conceptualised in the modern age.:416 Instead, it was reduced to "reinscription and restatements" of ideas already explored, and any creativity was restricted to hymns and verses.:398 A notable exception are the military references of Nīlakaṇṭha Caturdhara's 17th-century commentary on the Mahābhārata.

Q1: Who has said the Sanskrit is dead?
A1: Sheldon Pollock
Q2: According to Pollock, how is Sanskrit solely used?
A2: literary cultures
Q3: What is Sanskrit not  able to express?
A3: the modern age
Q4: How is Sanskrit limited in it function towards ideas?
A4: restatements
Q5: To what is Sanskrit restricted?
A5: hymns
The CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) of India, along with several other state education boards, has made Sanskrit an alternative option to the state's own official language as a second or third language choice in the schools it governs. In such schools, learning Sanskrit is an option for grades 5 to 8 (Classes V to VIII). This is true of most schools affiliated with the ICSE board, especially in those states where the official language is Hindi. Sanskrit is also taught in traditional gurukulas throughout India.

Q1: To what has the Central Board of Education of India relegated Sanskrit?
A1: alternative option
Q2: Where has the Education Board ranked Sanskrit as a language option?
A2: second or third
Q3: What grades in Indian schools have an option for Sanskrit study?
A3: 5 to 8
Q4: In what language states is Sanskrit considered an option?
A4: Hindi
Q5: In what other type of schools is Sanskrit also taught?
A5: gurukulas
St James Junior School in London, England, offers Sanskrit as part of the curriculum. In the United States, since September 2009, high school students have been able to receive credits as Independent Study or toward Foreign Language requirements by studying Sanskrit, as part of the "SAFL: Samskritam as a Foreign Language" program coordinated by Samskrita Bharati. In Australia, the Sydney private boys' high school Sydney Grammar School offers Sanskrit from years 7 through to 12, including for the Higher School Certificate.

Q1: What English school offers Sanskrit as a language study?
A1: St James Junior School
Q2: Since what date has Sanskrit been offered as a language option in the U.S.?
A2: September 2009
Q3: What is the credit towards in study in the U.S.?
A3: Foreign Language
Q4: Who coordinates the study program of Samskritam as a Foreign Language?
A4: Samskrita Bharati.
Q5: What school in Australia offers Sanskrit as a study?
A5: Sydney Grammar School
Sanskrit originated in an oral society, and the oral tradition was maintained through the development of early classical Sanskrit literature. Writing was not introduced to India until after Sanskrit had evolved into the Prakrits; when it was written, the choice of writing system was influenced by the regional scripts of the scribes. Therefore, Sanskrit has no native script of its own. As such, virtually all the major writing systems of South Asia have been used for the production of Sanskrit manuscripts.

Q1: Under what type of tradition did Sanskrit begin?
A1: oral tradition
Q2: After what language evolved was writing introduced?
A2: Prakrits
Q3: What does Sanskrit not have of its own?
A3: native script
Q4: What feature of written text influenced the use of scripts?
A4: regional scripts
Q5: Which writing systems have been used to write Sanskrit?
A5: all
Since the late 18th century, Sanskrit has been transliterated using the Latin alphabet. The system most commonly used today is the IAST (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration), which has been the academic standard since 1888. ASCII-based transliteration schemes have also evolved because of difficulties representing Sanskrit characters in computer systems. These include Harvard-Kyoto and ITRANS, a transliteration scheme that is used widely on the Internet, especially in Usenet and in email, for considerations of speed of entry as well as rendering issues. With the wide availability of Unicode-aware web browsers, IAST has become common online. It is also possible to type using an alphanumeric keyboard and transliterate to Devanagari using software like Mac OS X's international support.

Q1: From what time has the Latin alphabet been used to transcribe Sanskrit?
A1: late 18th century
Q2: What transliteration system is most common today?
A2: IAST
Q3: How long has IAST been the standard system used for transliteration of Sanskrit?
A3: since 1888
Q4: What is used in transliteration for computer systems?
A4: ASCII
Q5: What transliteration scheme is often used on the internet?
A5: ITRANS
Sanskrit has also influenced Sino-Tibetan languages through the spread of Buddhist texts in translation. Buddhism was spread to China by Mahayana missionaries sent by Ashoka, mostly through translations of Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. Many terms were transliterated directly and added to the Chinese vocabulary. Chinese words like 剎那 chànà (Devanagari: क्षण kṣaṇa 'instantaneous period') were borrowed from Sanskrit. Many Sanskrit texts survive only in Tibetan collections of commentaries to the Buddhist teachings, the Tengyur.

Q1: What in the use of Sanskrit has influenced Sino-Tibetan languages?
A1: Buddhist texts
Q2: What religion was spread to China through Sanskrit translations?
A2: Buddhism
Q3: Who sent missionaries to China?
A3: Ashoka
Q4: What were transliterated and added to the Chinese language?
A4: Many terms
Q5: Where do many Sanskrit texts survive?
A5: Tibetan collections
Sanskrit has greatly influenced the languages of India that grew from its vocabulary and grammatical base; for instance, Hindi is a "Sanskritised register" of the Khariboli dialect. All modern Indo-Aryan languages, as well as Munda and Dravidian languages, have borrowed many words either directly from Sanskrit (tatsama words), or indirectly via middle Indo-Aryan languages (tadbhava words). Words originating in Sanskrit are estimated at roughly fifty percent of the vocabulary of modern Indo-Aryan languages, as well as the literary forms of Malayalam and Kannada. Literary texts in Telugu are lexically Sanskrit or Sanskritised to an enormous extent, perhaps seventy percent or more.

Q1: What language has influenced the languages of India?
A1: Sanskrit
Q2: From what dialect is Hindi descended?
A2: Khariboli
Q3: Of what is Hindi considered to be in relation to Sanskrit?
A3: Sanskritised register
Q4: What is the percentage of Sanskrit words thought to be in modern Indo-Aryan languages?
A4: fifty percent
Q5: What language texts  are as much as 70% Sanskrit?
A5: Telugu
The earliest known inscriptions in Sanskrit date to the first century BCE.[citation needed] They are in the Brahmi script, which was originally used for Prakrit, not Sanskrit. It has been described as a paradox that the first evidence of written Sanskrit occurs centuries later than that of the Prakrit languages which are its linguistic descendants. In northern India, there are Brāhmī inscriptions dating from the third century BCE onwards, the oldest appearing on the famous Prakrit pillar inscriptions of king Ashoka. The earliest South Indian inscriptions in Tamil Brahmi, written in early Tamil, belong to the same period. When Sanskrit was written down, it was first used for texts of an administrative, literary or scientific nature. The sacred texts were preserved orally, and were set down in writing "reluctantly" (according to one commentator), and at a comparatively late date.

Q1: From when are the earliest dated Sanskrit inscriptions?
A1: first century BCE
Q2: In what script are the earliest Sanskrit inscriptions?
A2: Brahmi
Q3: In what language was Brahmi first used?
A3: Prakrit
Q4: What language is the descendant of Sanskrit?
A4: Prakrit
Q5: How were early sacred texts offered?
A5: orally
The Sanskrit grammatical tradition, Vyākaraṇa, one of the six Vedangas, began in the late Vedic period and culminated in the Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini, which consists of 3990 sutras (ca. fifth century BCE). About a century after Pāṇini (around 400 BCE), Kātyāyana composed Vārtikas on the Pāṇini sũtras. Patanjali, who lived three centuries after Pāṇini, wrote the Mahābhāṣya, the "Great Commentary" on the Aṣṭādhyāyī and Vārtikas. Because of these three ancient Vyākaraṇins (grammarians), this grammar is called Trimuni Vyākarana. To understand the meaning of the sutras, Jayaditya and Vāmana wrote a commentary, the Kāsikā, in 600 CE. Pāṇinian grammar is based on 14 Shiva sutras (aphorisms), where the whole mātrika (alphabet) is abbreviated. This abbreviation is called the Pratyāhara.

Q1: What is the Sanskrit grammatical tradition?
A1: Vyākaraṇa
Q2: In what period did Vyakarana begin?
A2: late Vedic
Q3: How many sutras are in the Astadhyayi?
A3: 3990 sutras
Q4: Who composed Vartikas on the Panini sutras?
A4: Kātyāyana
Q5: What is the abbreviated alphabet called?
A5: Pratyāhara
Sanskrit, as defined by Pāṇini, evolved out of the earlier Vedic form. The present form of Vedic Sanskrit can be traced back to as early as the second millennium BCE (for Rig-vedic). Scholars often distinguish Vedic Sanskrit and Classical or "Pāṇinian" Sanskrit as separate dialects. Though they are quite similar, they differ in a number of essential points of phonology, vocabulary, grammar and syntax. Vedic Sanskrit is the language of the Vedas, a large collection of hymns, incantations (Samhitas) and theological and religio-philosophical discussions in the Brahmanas and Upanishads. Modern linguists consider the metrical hymns of the Rigveda Samhita to be the earliest, composed by many authors over several centuries of oral tradition. The end of the Vedic period is marked by the composition of the Upanishads, which form the concluding part of the traditional Vedic corpus; however, the early Sutras are Vedic, too, both in language and content.

Q1: According to Panini, from where did Sanskrit evolve?
A1: earlier Vedic
Q2: To what time can the present form of Sanskrit be traced?
A2: second millennium BCE
Q3: As what are Classical and Vedic Sanskrit often viewed?
A3: separate dialects
Q4: What is Vedic Sanskrit meant to be used as?
A4: the Vedas
Q5: What hymns are thought to be the earliest?
A5: Rigveda Samhita
In order to explain the common features shared by Sanskrit and other Indo-European languages, many scholars have proposed the Indo-Aryan migration theory, asserting that the original speakers of what became Sanskrit arrived in what is now India and Pakistan from the north-west some time during the early second millennium BCE. Evidence for such a theory includes the close relationship between the Indo-Iranian tongues and the Baltic and Slavic languages, vocabulary exchange with the non-Indo-European Uralic languages, and the nature of the attested Indo-European words for flora and fauna.

Q1: When is it thought that early speakers of Sanskrit came to India?
A1: early second millennium BCE
Q2: What is the relationship between Indo-Iranian and Baltic languages?
A2: close
Q3: From what direction did Sanskrit travel to come to India?
A3: north-west
Q4: Sanskrit came from the north west and traveled to what present day countries?
A4: India and Pakistan
Q5: What is the theory called dealing with the transfer of Sanskrit to India?
A5: Indo-Aryan migration theory