romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
At the start of her reign Victoria was popular, but her reputation suffered in an 1839 court intrigue when one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting, Lady Flora Hastings, developed an abdominal growth that was widely rumoured to be an out-of-wedlock pregnancy by Sir John Conroy. Victoria believed the rumours. She hated Conroy, and despised "that odious Lady Flora", because she had conspired with Conroy and the Duchess of Kent in the Kensington System. At first, Lady Flora refused to submit to a naked medical examination, until in mid-February she eventually agreed, and was found to be a virgin. Conroy, the Hastings family and the opposition Tories organised a press campaign implicating the Queen in the spreading of false rumours about Lady Flora. When Lady Flora died in July, the post-mortem revealed a large tumour on her liver that had distended her abdomen. At public appearances, Victoria was hissed and jeered as "Mrs. Melbourne".

Q1: What health issue did Flora hastings develope that began to ruin Victorias reputation?
A1: an abdominal growth
Q2: What was the job of lady Flora Hastings in Victorias household?
A2: one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting
Q3: What was Flora hastings abdominal growth rumored to be?
A3: an out-of-wedlock pregnancy
Q4: Who was rumored to be the father of Flora Hastings "pregnancy"?
A4: Sir John Conroy
Q5: What year did Victorias reputation begin to suffer?
A5: 1839
Q6: What lady in waiting was at the heart of a 1839 court scandal?
A6: Lady Flora Hastings
Q7: What was the cause of Lady Flora's death in July?
A7: large tumour on her liver
Q8: With whom did Lady Flora consipire against Queen Victoria?
A8: Conroy and the Duchess of Kent
Q9: What was Queen Victoria called after Lady Flora's death due?
A9: Mrs. Melbourne
Q10: Who, in Victoria's court, was accused of having a pregnancy outside of mariage?
A10: one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting, Lady Flora Hastings
Q11: Who was believed to be the father of Lady Flor's "baby"?
A11: Sir John Conroy
Q12: What did Victoria think of Lady Flora?
A12: despised
Q13: Why did Victoria hate Sir Conroy and Lady Flora?
A13: the Kensington System
Q14: What was actually the cause of Lady Flora's "pregnancy"?
A14: large tumour on her liver that had distended her abdomen
In 1870, republican sentiment in Britain, fed by the Queen's seclusion, was boosted after the establishment of the Third French Republic. A republican rally in Trafalgar Square demanded Victoria's removal, and Radical MPs spoke against her. In August and September 1871, she was seriously ill with an abscess in her arm, which Joseph Lister successfully lanced and treated with his new antiseptic carbolic acid spray. In late November 1871, at the height of the republican movement, the Prince of Wales contracted typhoid fever, the disease that was believed to have killed his father, and Victoria was fearful her son would die. As the tenth anniversary of her husband's death approached, her son's condition grew no better, and Victoria's distress continued. To general rejoicing, he pulled through. Mother and son attended a public parade through London and a grand service of thanksgiving in St Paul's Cathedral on 27 February 1872, and republican feeling subsided.

Q1: What year was the Third French Republic established?
A1: 1870
Q2: Where was the republica rally held that called for Vuictorias removal?
A2: Trafalgar Square
Q3: Who spoke against Victoria at the rally in Trafalgar Square?
A3: Radical MPs
Q4: In 1871, Victoria became seriously ill with an abscess on what part of her body?
A4: arm
Q5: Who lanced and treated the abscess on Queen Victorias arm?
A5: Joseph Lister
Q6: How was the republican sentiment in Britain changed?
A6: boosted after the establishment of the Third French Republic
Q7: Where was a rally calling for Queen Victoria's removal held?
A7: Trafalgar Square
Q8: What cutting edge treatment did Joseph Lister use to treat Queen Victoria's illness?
A8: new antiseptic carbolic acid spray
Q9: What disease nearly took the Prince of Wales life?
A9: typhoid fever
Q10: WHat was a new antiseptic being used to treat abcesses in the 1870's?
A10: acid spray
Q11: What helped to boost the rebublicians in 1870?
A11: establishment of the Third French Republic
Q12: When did the Third French Republic come onto the scene?
A12: 1870
Q13: WHat was a new antiseptic being used to treat abcesses in the 1870's?
A13: carbolic acid spray
Q14: What disease was contracted by the Prince of Wales that nearly ended his life?
A14: typhoid fever
Q15: Who spoke against Victoria at Trafalgar Square?
A15: Radical MPs
Q16: After what event did the Prince of Wales' health begin to improve?
A16: the tenth anniversary of her husband's death
During Victoria's first pregnancy in 1840, in the first few months of the marriage, 18-year-old Edward Oxford attempted to assassinate her while she was riding in a carriage with Prince Albert on her way to visit her mother. Oxford fired twice, but either both bullets missed or, as he later claimed, the guns had no shot. He was tried for high treason and found guilty, but was acquitted on the grounds of insanity. In the immediate aftermath of the attack, Victoria's popularity soared, mitigating residual discontent over the Hastings affair and the bedchamber crisis. Her daughter, also named Victoria, was born on 21 November 1840. The Queen hated being pregnant, viewed breast-feeding with disgust, and thought newborn babies were ugly. Nevertheless, over the following seventeen years, she and Albert had a further eight children: Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (b. 1841), Alice (b. 1843), Alfred (b. 1844), Helena (b. 1846), Louise (b. 1848), Arthur (b. 1850), Leopold (b. 1853) and Beatrice (b. 1857).

Q1: What year was Queen Victorias first pregnancy?
A1: 1840
Q2: Who attempted to assasinate Victoria while she was riding in a carriage?
A2: Edward Oxford
Q3: How old was Edward Oxford?
A3: 18
Q4: Who was riding in the carriage with Victoria when Oxford attempted to assasinate her?
A4: Prince Albert
Q5: How many times did Oxford fire the gun at Victoria and miss?
A5: twice
Q6: Who tried to assassinate Queen Victoria while she was pregnant with her first child?
A6: Edward Oxford
Q7: Queen Victoria and Prince Albert had how many more children after Victoria's birth?
A7: eight
Q8: When was Queen Victoria's first daughter born?
A8: 21 November 1840
Q9: What year was Albert Edward, Queen Victoria's first born son born?
A9: 1841
Q10: What major life event was Victoria facing when she also had to contend with her first assassination attempt?
A10: first pregnancy
Q11: When was Victoria's first assassination attempt?
A11: 1840
Q12: What did the first assassination attempt do for Victoria's reign?
A12: popularity soared
Q13: What was Edward Oxford charged with after his assassination attempt?
A13: high treason
Q14: What happened to Edward Oxford to after he was found guilty of high treason?
A14: acquitted on the grounds of insanity
Between April 1877 and February 1878, she threatened five times to abdicate while pressuring Disraeli to act against Russia during the Russo-Turkish War, but her threats had no impact on the events or their conclusion with the Congress of Berlin. Disraeli's expansionist foreign policy, which Victoria endorsed, led to conflicts such as the Anglo-Zulu War and the Second Anglo-Afghan War. "If we are to maintain our position as a first-rate Power", she wrote, "we must ... be Prepared for attacks and wars, somewhere or other, CONTINUALLY." Victoria saw the expansion of the British Empire as civilising and benign, protecting native peoples from more aggressive powers or cruel rulers: "It is not in our custom to annexe countries", she said, "unless we are obliged & forced to do so." To Victoria's dismay, Disraeli lost the 1880 general election, and Gladstone returned as prime minister. When Disraeli died the following year, she was blinded by "fast falling tears", and erected a memorial tablet "placed by his grateful Sovereign and Friend, Victoria R.I."

Q1: Who did Victoria try to convince Disraeli  to act against during the Russo-Turkish war?
A1: Russia
Q2: What impact did Victorias threats have on the impact of the Russo=Turkish war?
A2: no impact
Q3: What Disraeli policy did Victoria endorse?
A3: expansionist foreign policy
Q4: Who lost the Disraeli general election in 1880?
A4: Disraeli
Q5: Who returned as prime minister when Disraeli lost the general election in 1880?
A5: Gladstone
Q6: What caused Queen Victoria to threaten to abdicate five times?
A6: Russo-Turkish War
Q7: What ended the Russo-Turkish War?
A7: Congress of Berlin
Q8: Why did Queen Victoria want to take over other countries?
A8: protecting native peoples from more aggressive powers or cruel rulers
Q9: Who was elected Prime Minister after Disareli lost the election in 1880?
A9: Gladstone
Q10: To whom did Queen Victoria dedicate a memorial after his death for grateful service?
A10: Disraeli
Q11: What position did Victoria take on how to be a successful and top notch power?
A11: be Prepared for attacks and wars, somewhere or other, CONTINUALLY
Q12: Who won the 1880 general election?
A12: Gladstone
Q13: What conflicts can be attributed to Disraeli's stance on foreign policy?
A13: Anglo-Zulu War and the Second Anglo-Afghan War
Q14: What did Victoria place to memorialize Disraeli?
A14: a memorial tablet
Napoleon III, since the Crimean War Britain's closest ally, visited London in April 1855, and from 17 to 28 August the same year Victoria and Albert returned the visit. Napoleon III met the couple at Dunkirk and accompanied them to Paris. They visited the Exposition Universelle (a successor to Albert's 1851 brainchild the Great Exhibition) and Napoleon I's tomb at Les Invalides (to which his remains had only been returned in 1840), and were guests of honour at a 1,200-guest ball at the Palace of Versailles.

Q1: who was britains closest ally since the Crimean war?
A1: Napoleon III
Q2: When did Napoleon iii visit London?
A2: April 1855
Q3: Where did Napoleon Meet Victoria and Albert?
A3: Dunkirk
Q4: Napoleon accompanied Victoria and Alber to what city diring the visit?
A4: Paris
Q5: Victoria and Albert were the guests of honor at a large ball that took place where?
A5: the Palace of Versailles
Q6: Who was Britains's closest ally following the Crimean War?
A6: Napoleon III
Q7: What did Napoleon III and the royal couple visit?
A7: Exposition Universelle
Q8: When were Napoleon I remains returned to their resting place at Les Invalides?
A8: 1840
Q9: How many guests attented a ball at the Palace of Versaille with Napoleon III and the royal couple in attendence?
A9: 1,200
Q10: Where did Napoleon III meet Victoria and Albert, before accompanying them to Paris?
A10: Dunkirk
Q11: When were Napoleon I's remains interred in his mausoleum?
A11: 1840
Q12: Who was Britian's closest ally after the Crimean War?
A12: Napoleon III
Q13: Where were Victoria and Albert honored guests at ball thrown by Napoleon III?
A13: Palace of Versailles
Q14: When did Napoleon III visit London?
A14: April 1855
Through the 1860s, Victoria relied increasingly on a manservant from Scotland, John Brown. Slanderous rumours of a romantic connection and even a secret marriage appeared in print, and the Queen was referred to as "Mrs. Brown". The story of their relationship was the subject of the 1997 movie Mrs. Brown. A painting by Sir Edwin Henry Landseer depicting the Queen with Brown was exhibited at the Royal Academy, and Victoria published a book, Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands, which featured Brown prominently and in which the Queen praised him highly.

Q1: What was the name of the manservent that Victoria had in the 1860's?
A1: John Brown
Q2: Where was John brown, Victorias manservant, from?
A2: Scotland
Q3: What kind of a connection was rumored to exist between Victoria and John Brown?
A3: a romantic connection
Q4: What was the nickname given to Queen Victoria when rumors of a relationship with John Brown arose?
A4: Mrs. Brown
Q5: What was the name of the 1997 movie depicting the relationship between Victoria and John brown?
A5: Mrs. Brown
Q6: What country was Queen Victoria's manservant with whom she was rumored to have a romantic interest?
A6: Scotland
Q7: What was the name of the movie that told the story of Queen Victoria's romance with John Brown?
A7: Mrs. Brown
Q8: What artist painted the Queen and Brown which hung in the Royal Academy?
A8: Sir Edwin Henry Landseer
Q9: In what memior written by Queen Victoria was John Brown praised?
A9: Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands
Q10: Which manservent was Victoria's most trusted ally?
A10: John Brown
Q11: Which movie was made about the scandalous affair that Victoria was believed to have had with John Brown?
A11: Mrs. Brown
Q12: Which book did Victoria publish that did nothing to take away from the rumors about her and John Brown?
A12: Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands
Q13: Who did the Queen feature in her book that drew so much criticism?
A13: John Brown
Following a custom she maintained throughout her widowhood, Victoria spent the Christmas of 1900 at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. Rheumatism in her legs had rendered her lame, and her eyesight was clouded by cataracts. Through early January, she felt "weak and unwell", and by mid-January she was "drowsy ... dazed, [and] confused". She died on Tuesday, 22 January 1901, at half past six in the evening, at the age of 81. Her son and successor King Edward VII, and her eldest grandson, Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany, were at her deathbed. Her favourite pet Pomeranian, Turri, was laid upon her deathbed as a last request.

Q1: Where did Victoria spend the Christmas of 1900?
A1: Osborne House
Q2: Where was osborne House that Victoria spent christmas at located?
A2: on the Isle of Wight
Q3: What had caused Victoria to be lame?
A3: Rheumatism in her legs
Q4: Why was Victorias eyesight clouded?
A4: cataracts
Q5: What was the date of Queen Victorias death?
A5: 22 January 1901
Q6: Where was Osborne House located?
A6: Isle of Wight
Q7: When did Queen Victoria die?
A7: Tuesday, 22 January 1901
Q8: How old was Queen Victoria upon her death?
A8: 81
Q9: Who was Queen Victoria's successor after her death?
A9: King Edward VII
Q10: Who did she wish to see on her deathbed, making it her last request?
A10: pet Pomeranian, Turri
Q11: Where did Victoria usually spend Christmases?
A11: Osborne House on the Isle of Wight
Q12: What caused Victoria limited mobility later in life?
A12: Rheumatism
Q13: Whaen did Queen Victoria die?
A13: Tuesday, 22 January 1901
Q14: How old was Victoria when she died?
A14: 81
Q15: Who was Queen Victoria's successor?
A15: King Edward VII
In the 1874 general election, Disraeli was returned to power. He passed the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874, which removed Catholic rituals from the Anglican liturgy and which Victoria strongly supported. She preferred short, simple services, and personally considered herself more aligned with the presbyterian Church of Scotland than the episcopal Church of England. He also pushed the Royal Titles Act 1876 through Parliament, so that Victoria took the title "Empress of India" from 1 May 1876. The new title was proclaimed at the Delhi Durbar of 1 January 1877.

Q1: What Act did Disraeli push through Parliment in 1876?
A1: Royal Titles Act 1876
Q2: In 1876 Victoria held what title?
A2: Empress of India
Q3: What year was the Public Worship Regulation Act passed?
A3: 1874
Q4: What Church did Victoria consider herself aligned with?
A4: presbyterian Church of Scotland
Q5: In a general election of what year was Disraeli returned to power?
A5: 1874
Q6: What removed Catholic Rituals from Anglican services?
A6: Public Worship Regulation Act 1874
Q7: Which church did Queen Victoria consider her favorite?
A7: presbyterian Church of Scotland
Q8: Who published the Royal Titles Act of 1876?
A8: Disraeli
Q9: When was Queen Victoria named the Empress of India?
A9: 1 May 1876
Q10: Where was the new title of Empress of India proclaimed?
A10: Delhi Durbar
Q11: When was Disraeli returned to office?
A11: 1874
Q12: What change, supported by Victoria, did Disraeli make to the Anglician liturgy?
A12: removed Catholic rituals
Q13: Where did Victoria really align herself when it came to religion?
A13: presbyterian Church of Scotland
Q14: What allowed Victoria to become the Empress of India?
A14: Royal Titles Act 1876
Q15: Whic act, passed by Disraeli, allowed him to alter the Anglician liturgy?
A15: Public Worship Regulation Act 1874
Through Victoria's reign, the gradual establishment of a modern constitutional monarchy in Britain continued. Reforms of the voting system increased the power of the House of Commons at the expense of the House of Lords and the monarch. In 1867, Walter Bagehot wrote that the monarch only retained "the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, and the right to warn". As Victoria's monarchy became more symbolic than political, it placed a strong emphasis on morality and family values, in contrast to the sexual, financial and personal scandals that had been associated with previous members of the House of Hanover and which had discredited the monarchy. The concept of the "family monarchy", with which the burgeoning middle classes could identify, was solidified.

Q1: What kind of monarchy was formed under Queen Victoria?
A1: modern constitutional monarchy
Q2: Reforms to what system increased the power of the house fo commons?
A2: the voting system
Q3: As Victorias rule became less polital, what values were emphasized?
A3: morality and family values
Q4: What type of monarchy was established as time went on in Victorias rule?
A4: family monarchy
Q5: How did the reforms of Britains voting system affect the House of Commons?
A5: increased the power
Q6: What was most important as the monarchy under Queen Victoria shifted from political to symbolic?
A6: emphasis on morality and family values
Q7: What idea was solidified to which the increasing middle classes in Britain could identify with?
A7: family monarchy
Q8: What was Queen Victoria's reign considered?
A8: modern constitutional monarchy
Q9: What kind of government was Victoria's reign leaning towards?
A9: modern constitutional monarchy
Q10: What increased the power in the House of Commons?
A10: Reforms of the voting system
Q11: Who paid the price for the reforms of the voting system?
A11: House of Lords and the monarch
Q12: Rather than political, what was Victoria's monarchy seen as?
A12: symbolic
Q13: What was a monarchy that the more middle clas could get behind and support?
A13: family
Victoria was pleased when Gladstone resigned in 1885 after his budget was defeated. She thought his government was "the worst I have ever had", and blamed him for the death of General Gordon at Khartoum. Gladstone was replaced by Lord Salisbury. Salisbury's government only lasted a few months, however, and Victoria was forced to recall Gladstone, whom she referred to as a "half crazy & really in many ways ridiculous old man". Gladstone attempted to pass a bill granting Ireland home rule, but to Victoria's glee it was defeated. In the ensuing election, Gladstone's party lost to Salisbury's and the government switched hands again.

Q1: What year did Gladstone resign?
A1: 1885
Q2: Gladstone resigned after what was defeted?
A2: his budget
Q3: Victoria blamed Gladstone for the death of who?
A3: General Gordon at Khartoum.
Q4: Who replaced Gladstone after he resigned?
A4: Lord Salisbury
Q5: How long did Lord Salisburys government last?
A5: a few months
Q6: What man was Gladstone blamed for after his death at Khartoum?
A6: General Gordon
Q7: Who replaced Gladstone for only a few short months?
A7: Lord Salisbury
Q8: What did the bill Gladstone failed to pass state, much to Queen Victoria's pleasure?
A8: granting Ireland home rule
Q9: Who defeated Gladstone yet again in the general elction?
A9: Salisbury
Q10: Why did Gladstone resign in 1885?
A10: his budget was defeated
Q11: When did Gladstone resign?
A11: 1885
Q12: Why did Gladstone resign?
A12: his budget was defeated
Q13: How did Victoria feel about the resignation of Gladstone?
A13: pleased
Q14: Who's death did Victoria blame on Gladstone?
A14: General Gordon
Q15: Who replaced Gladstone?
A15: Lord Salisbury
According to one of her biographers, Giles St Aubyn, Victoria wrote an average of 2,500 words a day during her adult life. From July 1832 until just before her death, she kept a detailed journal, which eventually encompassed 122 volumes. After Victoria's death, her youngest daughter, Princess Beatrice, was appointed her literary executor. Beatrice transcribed and edited the diaries covering Victoria's accession onwards, and burned the originals in the process. Despite this destruction, much of the diaries still exist. In addition to Beatrice's edited copy, Lord Esher transcribed the volumes from 1832 to 1861 before Beatrice destroyed them. Part of Victoria's extensive correspondence has been published in volumes edited by A. C. Benson, Hector Bolitho, George Earle Buckle, Lord Esher, Roger Fulford, and Richard Hough among others.

Q1: How many words a day did Victoria write?
A1: average of 2,500
Q2: What year did Victoria begin keeping a journal?
A2: 1832
Q3: How many volumes was Queen Victorias journal?
A3: 122
Q4: Who was Victorias youngest daughter?
A4: Princess Beatrice
Q5: What did Beatrice do to her mothers diaries after her death?
A5: transcribed and edited
Q6: How many journals did Queen Victoria write in her lifetime?
A6: 122
Q7: What did Beatrice do with the journals after she transcribed and edited them?
A7: burned the originals
Q8: Who was appointed as Queen Victoria's literary executor upon her death?
A8: Princess Beatrice
Q9: Who transcribed Queen Victoria's journals from 1832 to 1861?
A9: Lord Esher
Q10: What biographer said Queen Victoria wrote an average of 2500 words a day in her journals?
A10: Giles St Aubyn
Q11: How avid of a writer was the Queen?
A11: Victoria wrote an average of 2,500 words a day
Q12: How many volumes did her journal span?
A12: 122 volumes
Q13: What did Beatrice do with her mother's journals?
A13: transcribed and edited
Q14: Who was Victoria's literary executer?
A14: her youngest daughter, Princess Beatrice
Q15: What did Beatrice do with the origional volumes of her mother's diaries?
A15: burned
Relations between Grand Lodges are determined by the concept of Recognition. Each Grand Lodge maintains a list of other Grand Lodges that it recognises. When two Grand Lodges recognise and are in Masonic communication with each other, they are said to be in amity, and the brethren of each may visit each other's Lodges and interact Masonically. When two Grand Lodges are not in amity, inter-visitation is not allowed. There are many reasons why one Grand Lodge will withhold or withdraw recognition from another, but the two most common are Exclusive Jurisdiction and Regularity.

Q1: What concept determines relationships between Grand Lodges?
A1: Recognition
Q2: What must two lodges be in, in order to inter-visit?
A2: amity
Q3: What, besides Recognition, must happen between two Grand Lodges in order for them to be considered in amity?
A3: Masonic communication
Q4: What can be causes of one Grand Lodge withdrawing Recognition from another?
A4: Exclusive Jurisdiction and Regularity
Q5: What are the members of a Grand Lodge called?
A5: brethren
Q6: Gran Lodges are in what when they are in Masonic Communication with each other?
A6: amity
Q7: What concept is used to determine relations between Grand Lodges?
A7: Recognition
Q8: What does each Grand Lodge maintain?
A8: a list
Q9: What is not allowed when Grand Lodges are not in amity?
A9: inter-visitation
Q10: What are the two most common reasons one Grand Lodge will withhold recognition from another?
A10: Exclusive Jurisdiction and Regularity