romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Dollar coins have not been very popular in the United States. Silver dollars were minted intermittently from 1794 through 1935; a copper-nickel dollar of the same large size, featuring President Dwight D. Eisenhower, was minted from 1971 through 1978. Gold dollars were also minted in the 19th century. The Susan B. Anthony dollar coin was introduced in 1979; these proved to be unpopular because they were often mistaken for quarters, due to their nearly equal size, their milled edge, and their similar color. Minting of these dollars for circulation was suspended in 1980 (collectors' pieces were struck in 1981), but, as with all past U.S. coins, they remain legal tender. As the number of Anthony dollars held by the Federal Reserve and dispensed primarily to make change in postal and transit vending machines had been virtually exhausted, additional Anthony dollars were struck in 1999. In 2000, a new $1 coin, featuring Sacagawea, (the Sacagawea dollar) was introduced, which corrected some of the problems of the Anthony dollar by having a smooth edge and a gold color, without requiring changes to vending machines that accept the Anthony dollar. However, this new coin has failed to achieve the popularity of the still-existing $1 bill and is rarely used in daily transactions. The failure to simultaneously withdraw the dollar bill and weak publicity efforts have been cited by coin proponents as primary reasons for the failure of the dollar coin to gain popular support.

Q1: When were silver dollars first minted?
A1: 1794
Q2: Who was featured on the copper - nickel dollar?
A2: President Dwight D. Eisenhower
Q3: Which coin was introduced in 1979?
A3: Susan B. Anthony dollar
Q4: What did the new $1 coin minted in 2000 feature?
A4: Sacagawea
Q5: In which century were gold dollars minted?
A5: 19th
The monetary base consists of coins and Federal Reserve Notes in circulation outside the Federal Reserve Banks and the U.S. Treasury, plus deposits held by depository institutions at Federal Reserve Banks. The adjusted monetary base has increased from approximately 400 billion dollars in 1994, to 800 billion in 2005, and over 3000 billion in 2013. The amount of cash in circulation is increased (or decreased) by the actions of the Federal Reserve System. Eight times a year, the 12-person Federal Open Market Committee meet to determine U.S. monetary policy. Every business day, the Federal Reserve System engages in Open market operations to carry out that monetary policy. If the Federal Reserve desires to increase the money supply, it will buy securities (such as U.S. Treasury Bonds) anonymously from banks in exchange for dollars. Conversely, it will sell securities to the banks in exchange for dollars, to take dollars out of circulation.

Q1: What do coins, Federal Reserve Notes and deposits held by despository institutions make up?
A1: The monetary base
Q2: What was the monetary base value in 1994?
A2: 400 billion dollars
Q3: How much did the monetar base value increase to in 2013?
A3: over 3000 billion
Q4: What would the Federal Reserve buy to try and increase money supply?
A4: securities
Q5: How many times a year does the Federal Open Market Committee meet?
A5: Eight
The decline in the value of the U.S. dollar corresponds to price inflation, which is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. A consumer price index (CPI) is a measure estimating the average price of consumer goods and services purchased by households. The United States Consumer Price Index, published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is a measure estimating the average price of consumer goods and services in the United States. It reflects inflation as experienced by consumers in their day-to-day living expenses. A graph showing the U.S. CPI relative to 1982–1984 and the annual year-over-year change in CPI is shown at right.

Q1: What does the decline in value of the dollar correspond to?
A1: price inflation
Q2: The rise in level of prices in an economy is referred to as what?
A2: price inflation
Q3: What does CPI stand for?
A3: consumer price index
Q4: Who publishes the Consumer Price Index?
A4: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Q5: What does the CPI estimate?
A5: average price of consumer goods and services in the United States
The Royal College of Chemistry was established by private subscription in 1845 as there was a growing awareness that practical aspects of the experimental sciences were not well taught and that in the United Kingdom the teaching of chemistry in particular had fallen behind that in Germany. As a result of a movement earlier in the decade, many politicians donated funds to establish the college, including Benjamin Disraeli, William Gladstone and Robert Peel. It was also supported by Prince Albert, who persuaded August Wilhelm von Hofmann to be the first professor.

Q1: When was the Royal College of Chemistry established?
A1: 1845
Q2: Which politicians donated funds to establish the Royal College of Chemistry?
A2: Benjamin Disraeli, William Gladstone and Robert Peel
Q3: Who was the first professor of the Royal College of Chemistry?
A3: August Wilhelm von Hofmann
Q4: Why was the Royal College of Chemistry founded?
A4: in the United Kingdom the teaching of chemistry in particular had fallen behind that in Germany
Q5: Who supported the Royal College of Chemistry?
A5: Prince Albert
Q6: When was the Royal College of Chemistry established?
A6: 1845
Q7: What was not well taught that led to the founding of the Royal College of Chemistry?
A7: practical aspects of the experimental sciences
Q8: Which country was ahead of the United Kingdom in the teaching of chemistry?
A8: Germany
Q9: Which Prince supported the establishment of the college?
A9: Prince Albert
Q10: Who was the first professor of the college?
A10: August Wilhelm von Hofmann
City and Guilds College was founded in 1876 from a meeting of 16 of the City of London's livery companies for the Advancement of Technical Education (CGLI), which aimed to improve the training of craftsmen, technicians, technologists, and engineers. The two main objectives were to create a Central Institution in London and to conduct a system of qualifying examinations in technical subjects. Faced with their continuing inability to find a substantial site, the Companies were eventually persuaded by the Secretary of the Science and Art Department, General Sir John Donnelly (who was also a Royal Engineer) to found their institution on the eighty-seven acre (350,000 m²) site at South Kensington bought by the 1851 Exhibition Commissioners (for GBP 342,500) for 'purposes of art and science' in perpetuity. The latter two colleges were incorporated by Royal Charter into the Imperial College of Science and Technology and the CGLI Central Technical College was renamed the City and Guilds College in 1907, but not incorporated into Imperial College until 1910.

Q1: When was the City and Guilds College founded?
A1: 1876
Q2: What was the aim of the City and Guilds College when it was founded?
A2: improve the training of craftsmen, technicians, technologists, and engineers
Q3: What were the main objectives of establishing the City and Guilds College?
A3: to create a Central Institution in London and to conduct a system of qualifying examinations in technical subjects
Q4: How much did the 1851 Exhibition Commissioners pay for the land that became the City and Guilds College?
A4: GBP 342,500
Q5: What was the former name of the City and Guilds College?
A5: CGLI Central Technical College
Q6: Which college was founded in 1876?
A6: City and Guilds College
Q7: How many livery companies were in the meeting that founded the college?
A7: 16
Q8: What does CGLI stand for?
A8: Advancement of Technical Education
Q9: Other than conducting a system of qualifying examinations, what was the other main objective of the meeting of CGLI?
A9: to create a Central Institution in London
Q10: How large was the land (in acres) that the institution was founded on?
A10: eighty-seven
In December 2005, Imperial announced a science park programme at the Wye campus, with extensive housing; however, this was abandoned in September 2006 following complaints that the proposal infringed on Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and that the true scale of the scheme, which could have raised £110m for the College, was known to Kent and Ashford Councils and their consultants but concealed from the public. One commentator observed that Imperial's scheme reflected "the state of democracy in Kent, the transformation of a renowned scientific college into a grasping, highly aggressive, neo-corporate institution, and the defence of the status of an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty – throughout England, not just Wye – against rampant greed backed by the connivance of two important local authorities. Wye College campus was finally closed in September 2009.

Q1: When did Imperial announce their science park program at the Wye Campus?
A1: December 2005
Q2: When did Imperial abandon their science park program?
A2: September 2006
Q3: When was the Wye College campus closed?
A3: September 2009
Q4: Where was Imperial planning on launching their science park program?
A4: the Wye campus
Q5: Where was Imperial's science park programme located?
A5: Wye campus
Q6: When was the science park programme abandoned?
A6: September 2006
Q7: How much money could the science park programme have raised for the college?
A7: £110m
Q8: Who did not know about the potential revenue that the programme could have raised initially?
A8: the public
Q9: What was closed on September 2009?
A9: Wye College campus
The College's endowment is sub-divided into three distinct portfolios: (i) Unitised Scheme – a unit trust vehicle for College, Faculties and Departments to invest endowments and unfettered income to produce returns for the long term; (ii) Non-Core Property – a portfolio containing around 120 operational and developmental properties which College has determined are not core to the academic mission; and (iii) Strategic Asset Investments – containing College’s shareholding in Imperial Innovations and other restricted equity holdings. During the year 2014/15, the market value of the endowment increased by £78 million (18%) to £512.4 million on 31 July 2015.

Q1: What was the market value of the endowment the college received on July 31, 2015?
A1: £512.4 million
Q2: What is a "Unitised Scheme"?
A2: a unit trust vehicle for College, Faculties and Departments to invest endowments and unfettered income to produce returns for the long term
Q3: How much did the market value of the college's endowment increase between 2014 and 2015?
A3: £78 million
Q4: How many percent did the college's endowment market value increase from 2014 to 2015?
A4: 18%
Q5: How many distinct portfolios is the College's endownment divided into?
A5: three
Q6: What is the term that represents a unit trust vehicle that allows endowments to be invested to produce returns for the lon term?
A6: Unitised Scheme
Q7: The 120 operational and developmental properties within the college that are not core to the academic mission belong to which portfolio?
A7: Non-Core Property
Q8: The College's restricted equity holdings would be considered a part of which portion of the portfolio?
A8: Strategic Asset Investments
Q9: How much did the market value of the endowment increase by during the year 2014/2015?
A9: £78 million
Imperial submitted a total of 1,257 staff across 14 units of assessment to the 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF) assessment. In the REF results 46% of Imperial's submitted research was classified as 4*, 44% as 3*, 9% as 2* and 1% as 1*, giving an overall GPA of 3.36. In rankings produced by Times Higher Education based upon the REF results Imperial was ranked 2nd overall for GPA and 8th for "research power" (compared to 6th and 7th respectively in the equivalent rankings for the RAE 2008).

Q1: How many staff members did Imperial submit assessments of for the REF assessment?
A1: 1,257
Q2: In the 2014 rankings produced by Times Higher Education, what position was Imperial ranked for GPA?
A2: 2nd
Q3: How many units of assessment did Imperial submit?
A3: 14
Q4: How highly was Imperial ranked in "research power" in 2014?
A4: 8th
Q5: How many staff members did Imperial claim to have in 2014?
A5: 1,257
Q6: What does REF stand for?
A6: Research Excellence Framework
Q7: What was the percentage of Imperials research that was seemed to be 3*?
A7: 44%
Q8: What did the REF give Imperial as an overall GPA?
A8: 3.36
Q9: What was Imperial's overall GPA rank according to the Times Higher Education?
A9: 2nd
In September 2014, Professor Stefan Grimm, of the Department of Medicine, was found dead after being threatened with dismissal for failure to raise enough grant money. The College made its first public announcement of his death on 4 December 2014. Grimm's last email accused his employers of bullying by demanding that he should get grants worth at least £200,000 per year. His last email was viewed more than 100,000 times in the first four days after it was posted. The College has announced an internal inquiry into Stefan Grimm's death. The inquest on his death has not yet reported.

Q1: When was Professor Stefan Grimm found dead?
A1: September 2014
Q2: When did Imperial College make its first public announcement of Stefan Grimm's death?
A2: 4 December 2014
Q3: How many times was Professor Stefan Grimm's email viewed in the first four days after it was posted online?
A3: more than 100,000
Q4: What did Professor Grimm's last email accuse Imperial College of before his death?
A4: bullying
Q5: What did Imperial College announce it would do after Professor Grimm's death?
A5: internal inquiry
Q6: Which Professor was found dead in September 2014?
A6: Professor Stefan Grimm
Q7: To which department did the professor who passed in September 2014 belong?
A7: Department of Medicine
Q8: What was the dead professor threatened with before his death?
A8: dismissal
Q9: How much did the Grimm claim his employers said he should raise in grant money per year?
A9: £200,000
Q10: How many views did Grimm's last email get in the first four days after it was posted?
A10: more than 100,000
Imperial College Boat Club
The Imperial College Boat Club was founded on 12 December 1919. The Gold medal winning GB 8+ at the 2000 Sydney Olympics had been based at Imperial College's recently refurbished boathouse and included 3 alumni of the college along with their coach Martin McElroy. The club has been highly successful, with many wins at Henley Royal Regatta including most recently in 2013 with victory in The Prince Albert Challenge Cup event. The club has been home to numerous National Squad oarsmen and women and is open to all rowers not just students of Imperial College London.

Q1: Which day was the Imperial College Boat Club formed on?
A1: 12 December 1919
Q2: How many alumni from Imperial were a part of the Gold medal winning GB8+?
A2: 3
Q3: What was the name of the coach of the Gold medal winning GB8+?
A3: Martin McElroy
Q4: Which event has the Boat Club been highly successful at?
A4: Henley Royal Regatta
Q5: Which event did the Boat Club claim victory in for 2013?
A5: The Prince Albert Challenge Cup event
The Royal School of Mines was established by Sir Henry de la Beche in 1851, developing from the Museum of Economic Geology, a collection of minerals, maps and mining equipment. He created a school which laid the foundations for the teaching of science in the country, and which has its legacy today at Imperial. Prince Albert was a patron and supporter of the later developments in science teaching, which led to the Royal College of Chemistry becoming part of the Royal School of Mines, to the creation of the Royal College of Science and eventually to these institutions becoming part of his plan for South Kensington being an educational region.

Q1: What school was established in 1851?
A1: The Royal School of Mines
Q2: Who established the Royal School of Mines?
A2: Sir Henry de la Beche
Q3: A collection of miners, maps and mining equipment all belonged to what entity?
A3: the Museum of Economic Geology
Q4: Which famous prince was a patron at the Royal School of Mines?
A4: Prince Albert
Q5: Which region did Prince Albert aim to make famous as an educational region?
A5: South Kensington
In 2003 Imperial was granted degree-awarding powers in its own right by the Privy Council. The London Centre for Nanotechnology was established in the same year as a joint venture between UCL and Imperial College London. In 2004 the Tanaka Business School (now named the Imperial College Business School) and a new Main Entrance on Exhibition Road were opened by The Queen. The UK Energy Research Centre was also established in 2004 and opened its headquarters at Imperial College. In November 2005 the Faculties of Life Sciences and Physical Sciences merged to become the Faculty of Natural Sciences.

Q1: Who granted Imperial degree-awarding powers?
A1: Privy Council
Q2: In which year was the London Centre for Nanotechnology established?
A2: 2003
Q3: The Londre Centre for Nanotechnology was a joint effort between UCL and which college?
A3: Imperial College London
Q4: What is the old name of the Imperial College Business School?
A4: Tanaka Business School
Q5: The Faculties of Life Sciences and Physical Sciences merged in 2005 to become which faculty?
A5: Faculty of Natural Sciences
Imperial's main campus is located in the South Kensington area of central London. It is situated in an area of South Kensington, known as Albertopolis, which has a high concentration of cultural and academic institutions, adjacent to the Natural History Museum, the Science Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Royal College of Music, the Royal College of Art, the Royal Geographical Society and the Royal Albert Hall. Nearby public attractions include the Kensington Palace, Hyde Park and the Kensington Gardens, the National Art Library, and the Brompton Oratory. The expansion of the South Kensington campus in the 1950s & 1960s absorbed the site of the former Imperial Institute, designed by Thomas Collcutt, of which only the 287 foot (87 m) high Queen's Tower remains among the more modern buildings.

Q1: In which area in London is Imperial's main campus located?
A1: South Kensington
Q2: What is the area inside of South Kensington where Imperial is located known as?
A2: Albertopolis
Q3: In which decade did the expansion of the South Kensington campus being?
A3: 1950s
Q4: Who designed the Imperial Institue that was a victim of Imperial's expansion in the 1950s & 1960s?
A4: Thomas Collcutt
Q5: Which landmark still remains from the Imperial Institue after Imperial's expansion?
A5: Queen's Tower
The Centre For Co-Curricular Studies provides elective subjects and language courses outside the field of science for students in the other faculties and departments. Students are encouraged to take these classes either for credit or in their own time, and in some departments this is mandatory. Courses exist in a wide range of topics including philosophy, ethics in science and technology, history, modern literature and drama, art in the 20th century, film studies. Language courses are available in French, German, Japanese, Italian, Russian, Spanish, Arabic and Mandarin Chinese. The Centre For Co-Curricular Studies is home to the Science Communication Unit which offers master's degrees in Science Communication and Science Media Production for science graduates.

Q1: Which centre provides electives outside of science for students?
A1: Centre For Co-Curricular Studies
Q2: Outside of doing it on their own time, what other motivation could students have to take non mandatory electives?
A2: credit
Q3: Which unit is a part of the Co-Curricular Studies that offers master's degrees?
A3: Science Communication Unit
Q4: Scientists seeking a master's degree might be interested in which other degree besides Science Communication from the Science Communication Unit?
A4: Science Media Production
Furthermore, in terms of job prospects, as of 2014 the average starting salary of an Imperial graduate was the highest of any UK university. In terms of specific course salaries, the Sunday Times ranked Computing graduates from Imperial as earning the second highest average starting salary in the UK after graduation, over all universities and courses. In 2012, the New York Times ranked Imperial College as one of the top 10 most-welcomed universities by the global job market. In May 2014, the university was voted highest in the UK for Job Prospects by students voting in the Whatuni Student Choice Awards Imperial is jointly ranked as the 3rd best university in the UK for the quality of graduates according to recruiters from the UK's major companies.

Q1: What statistic did the average Imperial graduate rank the highest in for 2014?
A1: average starting salary
Q2: Which type of graduate from Imperial earned the second highest average starting salary after graduation?
A2: Computing graduates
Q3: Who ranked different graduates according to their average starting salary after graduation in the UK?
A3: Sunday Times
Q4: Which prestigious newspaper ranked Imperial College as one of the top 10 most welcomed universities by job markets?
A4: New York Times
Q5: In which year did Imperial University claim the award for being voted the highest in the UK for Job Prospects?
A5: 2014
Imperial College TV
ICTV (formerly STOIC (Student Television of Imperial College)) is Imperial College Union's TV station, founded in 1969 and operated from a small TV studio in the Electrical Engineering block. The department had bought an early AMPEX Type A 1-inch videotape recorder and this was used to produce an occasional short news programme which was then played to students by simply moving the VTR and a monitor into a common room. A cable link to the Southside halls of residence was laid in a tunnel under Exhibition Road in 1972. Besides the news, early productions included a film of the Queen opening what was then called College Block and interview programmes with DJ Mike Raven, Richard O'Brian and Monty Python producer Ian MacNaughton. The society was renamed to ICTV for the start of the 2014/15 academic year.

Q1: What does the abbreviation STOIC stand for?
A1: Student Television of Imperial College
Q2: What is STOIC's modern name?
A2: Imperial College TV
Q3: When was Imperial College Union's TV station founded?
A3: 1969
Q4: Where was a cable link located that connected the Southside Halls of residence?
A4: Exhibition Road
Q5: When was the station renamed to it's modern name?
A5: start of the 2014/15 academic year
Non-academic alumni: Author, H. G. Wells, McLaren and Ferrari Chief Designer, Nicholas Tombazis, CEO of Rolls Royce, Ralph Robins, rock band Queen, Brian May, CEO of Singapore Airlines, Chew Choon Seng, Prime Minister of New Zealand, Julius Vogel, Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi, Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore, Teo Chee Hean, Chief Medical Officer for England, Sir Liam Donaldson, Head Physician to the Queen, Huw Thomas, CEO of Moonfruit, Wendy Tan White, Businessman and philanthropist, Winston Wong, billionaire hedge fund manager Alan Howard.

Q1: Which famous automobile designer is considered a non - academic alumni?
A1: Nicholas Tombazis
Q2: Which famous author is considered an alumni for Imperial?
A2: H. G. Wells
Q3: Which airline's CEO can be called a non - academic alumni of Imperial?
A3: Singapore Airlines
Q4: Which incredibly prestigious position did Huw Thomas hold?
A4: Head Physician to the Queen
Q5: Which hedge fund manager with a networth of over a billion is considered an alumni?
A5: Alan Howard