romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Guinea-Bissau is a member of the United Nations, African Union, Economic Community of West African States, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Latin Union, Community of Portuguese Language Countries, La Francophonie and the South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone.

Q1: What Islamic organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?
A1: Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
Q2: What Portuguese organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?
A2: Community of Portuguese Language Countries
Q3: What West African organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?
A3: Economic Community of West African States
Q4: What South Atlantic organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?
A4: South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone
Q5: What Latin organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?
A5: the Latin Union
Guinea-Bissau was once part of the kingdom of Gabu, part of the Mali Empire; parts of this kingdom persisted until the 18th century. Other parts of the territory in the current country were considered by the Portuguese as part of their empire. Portuguese Guinea was known as the Slave Coast, as it was a major area for the exportation of African slaves by Europeans to the western hemisphere. Previously slaves had been traded by Arabs north to the northern part of Africa and into the Middle East.

Q1: What area was known as the Slave Coast?
A1: Portuguese Guinea
Q2: Who exported African slaves to the western hemisphere?
A2: Europeans
Q3: What kingdom was Guinea-Bissau once a part of?
A3: Gabu
Q4: How long did the Mali Empire persist?
A4: until the 18th century
Q5: Who traded slaves into the Middle East?
A5: Arabs
Early reports of Europeans reaching this area include those of the Venetian Alvise Cadamosto's voyage of 1455, the 1479–1480 voyage by Flemish-French trader Eustache de la Fosse, and Diogo Cão. In the 1480s this Portuguese explorer reached the Congo River and the lands of Bakongo, setting up the foundations of modern Angola, some 4200 km down the African coast from Guinea-Bissau.

Q1: When was Alvise Cadamosto's voyage?
A1: 1455
Q2: When was Eustache de la Fosse's voyage?
A2: 1479–1480
Q3: What was the name of the Portuguese explorer?
A3: Diogo Cão
Q4: What river did Diogo Cao reach in the 1480's?
A4: Congo River
Q5: What country is about 4200 km from Guinea-Bissau?
A5: Angola
Although the rivers and coast of this area were among the first places colonized by the Portuguese, who set up trading posts in the 16th century, they did not explore the interior until the 19th century. The local African rulers in Guinea, some of whom prospered greatly from the slave trade, controlled the inland trade and did not allow the Europeans into the interior. They kept them in the fortified coastal settlements where the trading took place. African communities that fought back against slave traders also distrusted European adventurers and would-be settlers. The Portuguese in Guinea were largely restricted to the port of Bissau and Cacheu. A small number of European settlers established isolated farms along Bissau's inland rivers.

Q1: What areas were the first places colonized by the Portuguese?
A1: the rivers and coast
Q2: When did the Portuguese first set up trading posts in Guinea-Bissau?
A2: 16th century
Q3: When did the Portuguese explore the interior of Guinea-Bissau?
A3: 19th century
Q4: Who controlled the inland trade in Guinea-Bissau during this time?
A4: local African rulers
Q5: What ports were the Portuguese restricted to?
A5: Bissau and Cacheu
For a brief period in the 1790s, the British tried to establish a rival foothold on an offshore island, at Bolama. But by the 19th century the Portuguese were sufficiently secure in Bissau to regard the neighbouring coastline as their own special territory, also up north in part of present South Senegal.

Q1: Who tried to establish a rival foothold at Bolama?
A1: the British
Q2: When was a rival foothold  attempted at Bolama?
A2: the 1790s
Q3: Who regarded Bolama as their own in the 19th century?
A3: the Portuguese
Q4: What other area did the Portuguese regard as their special territory?
A4: part of present South Senegal
Q5: What rival did the Portuguese fend off in Guinea-Bissau?
A5: the British
An armed rebellion beginning in 1956 by the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) under the leadership of Amílcar Cabral gradually consolidated its hold on then Portuguese Guinea. Unlike guerrilla movements in other Portuguese colonies, the PAIGC rapidly extended its military control over large portions of the territory, aided by the jungle-like terrain, its easily reached borderlines with neighbouring allies, and large quantities of arms from Cuba, China, the Soviet Union, and left-leaning African countries. Cuba also agreed to supply artillery experts, doctors, and technicians. The PAIGC even managed to acquire a significant anti-aircraft capability in order to defend itself against aerial attack. By 1973, the PAIGC was in control of many parts of Guinea, although the movement suffered a setback in January 1973 when Cabral was assassinated.

Q1: What group started an armed rebellion in Guinea-Bissau?
A1: African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC)
Q2: When did the armed rebellion begin?
A2: 1956
Q3: Who was the leader of the armed rebellion?
A3: Amílcar Cabral
Q4: Who supplied doctors and technicians to the rebels?
A4: Cuba
Q5: When was Cabral assassinated?
A5: January 1973
Independence was unilaterally declared on 24 September 1973. Recognition became universal following the 25 April 1974 socialist-inspired military coup in Portugal, which overthrew Lisbon's Estado Novo regime.

Q1: When was independence declared?
A1: 24 September 1973
Q2: What date was independence considered universal?
A2: 25 April 1974
Q3: What event caused the recognition to be universal?
A3: socialist-inspired military coup
Q4: Where did a coup take place?
A4: Portugal
Q5: Who was overthrown in the coup?
A5: Lisbon's Estado Novo regime
Luís Cabral, brother of Amílcar and co-founder of PAIGC, was appointed the first President of Guinea-Bissau. Following independence, the PAIGC killed thousands of local Guinean soldiers who had fought along with the Portuguese Army against guerrillas. Some escaped to settle in Portugal or other African nations. One of the massacres occurred in the town of Bissorã. In 1980 the PAIGC acknowledged in its newspaper Nó Pintcha (dated 29 November 1980) that many Gueinean soldiers had been executed and buried in unmarked collective graves in the woods of Cumerá, Portogole, and Mansabá.

Q1: Who was the first President of Guinea-Bissau?
A1: Luís Cabral
Q2: How many Guinean soldiers did the PAIGC kill?
A2: thousands
Q3: Where did one of the massacres occur?
A3: Bissorã
Q4: When did the PAIGC acknowledge the executions?
A4: 29 November 1980
Q5: Where were the soldiers buried?
A5: Cumerá, Portogole, and Mansabá
The country was controlled by a revolutionary council until 1984. The first multi-party elections were held in 1994. An army uprising in May 1998 led to the Guinea-Bissau Civil War and the president's ousting in June 1999. Elections were held again in 2000, and Kumba Ialá was elected president.

Q1: Who controlled the country prior to 1984?
A1: a revolutionary council
Q2: When were the first multi-party elections held?
A2: 1994
Q3: What led to the Guinea-Bissau Civil War?
A3: An army uprising
Q4: When was the president ousted?
A4: June 1999
Q5: Who was elected president in the 2000 election?
A5: Kumba Ialá
In September 2003, a military coup was conducted. The military arrested Ialá on the charge of being "unable to solve the problems". After being delayed several times, legislative elections were held in March 2004. A mutiny of military factions in October 2004 resulted in the death of the head of the armed forces and caused widespread unrest.

Q1: When was a military coup conducted?
A1: September 2003
Q2: Who did the military arrest?
A2: Ialá
Q3: When were legislative elections held?
A3: March 2004
Q4: When did the mutiny of military factions occur?
A4: October 2004
Q5: Who died in the mutiny?
A5: the head of the armed forces
In June 2005, presidential elections were held for the first time since the coup that deposed Ialá. Ialá returned as the candidate for the PRS, claiming to be the legitimate president of the country, but the election was won by former president João Bernardo Vieira, deposed in the 1999 coup. Vieira beat Malam Bacai Sanhá in a runoff election. Sanhá initially refused to concede, claiming that tampering and electoral fraud occurred in two constituencies including the capital, Bissau.

Q1: After the coup, when were presidential elections held?
A1: June 2005
Q2: At that time, who ran claiming to be the legitimate president of the country?
A2: Ialá
Q3: Who won the election?
A3: João Bernardo Vieira
Q4: Who did Vieira beat in a runoff election?
A4: Malam Bacai Sanhá
Q5: When was Vieira, a former president, deposed?
A5: 1999
Despite reports of arms entering the country prior to the election and some "disturbances during campaigning," including attacks on government offices by unidentified gunmen, foreign election monitors described the 2005 election overall as "calm and organized".

Q1: What was reported to be entering the country prior to the election?
A1: arms
Q2: What type of "disturbances" were reported during the campaign?
A2: attacks on government offices
Q3: How did foreign election monitors describe the election?
A3: "calm and organized"
Q4: What year was the election held?
A4: 2005
Q5: Where the election monitors local, or foreign?
A5: foreign
Three years later, PAIGC won a strong parliamentary majority, with 67 of 100 seats, in the parliamentary election held in November 2008. In November 2008, President Vieira's official residence was attacked by members of the armed forces, killing a guard but leaving the president unharmed.

Q1: When was the parliamentary election held?
A1: November 2008
Q2: Who won a strong majority in the election?
A2: PAIGC
Q3: How many seats did PAIGC win in the election?
A3: 67
Q4: Whose residence was attacked by members of the armed forces?
A4: President Vieira's
Q5: When did the attack on the residence occur?
A5: November 2008
On 2 March 2009, however, Vieira was assassinated by what preliminary reports indicated to be a group of soldiers avenging the death of the head of joint chiefs of staff, General Batista Tagme Na Wai. Tagme died in an explosion on Sunday, 1 March 2009, target of an assassination. Military leaders in the country pledged to respect the constitutional order of succession. National Assembly Speaker Raimundo Pereira was appointed as an interim president until a nationwide election on 28 June 2009. It was won by Malam Bacai Sanhá.

Q1: Who was assassinated on 2 March 2009?
A1: Vieira
Q2: Who was assassinated on 1 March 2009?
A2: General Batista Tagme Na Wai
Q3: Who pledged to respect the constitutional order of succession?
A3: Military leaders
Q4: Who was appointed interim president?
A4: Raimundo Pereira
Q5: Who won the election in June 2009?
A5: Malam Bacai Sanhá
On the evening of 12 April 2012, members of the country's military staged a coup d'état and arrested the interim president and a leading presidential candidate. Former vice chief of staff, General Mamadu Ture Kuruma, assumed control of the country in the transitional period and started negotiations with opposition parties.

Q1: When was a coup d'etat staged?
A1: 12 April 2012
Q2: Who staged the coup d'etat?
A2: members of the country's military
Q3: Who assumed control of the country after the coup d'etat?
A3: Mamadu Ture Kuruma
Q4: Who did Kuruma negotiate with?
A4: opposition parties
Q5: What was Kuruma's former position?
A5: vice chief of staff
Guinea-Bissau is a republic. In the past, the government had been highly centralized. Multi-party governance was not established until mid-1991. The president is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government. Since 1974, no president has successfully served a full five-year term.

Q1: What country is listed as a republic?
A1: Guinea-Bissau
Q2: When had the government been highly centralized?
A2: In the past
Q3: When was multi-party governance established?
A3: mid-1991
Q4: Who is the head of state?
A4: president
Q5: Who is the head of government?
A5: prime minister
At the legislative level, a unicameral Assembleia Nacional Popular (National People's Assembly) is made up of 100 members. They are popularly elected from multi-member constituencies to serve a four-year term. The judicial system is headed by a Tribunal Supremo da Justiça (Supreme Court), made up of nine justices appointed by the president; they serve at the pleasure of the president.

Q1: How many members compose the legislature?
A1: 100
Q2: Is the legislature bicameral or unicameral?
A2: unicameral
Q3: How long do members serve in the legislature?
A3: four-year term
Q4: What is the head of the judicial system?
A4: Tribunal Supremo da Justiça (Supreme Court)
Q5: How many justices are on the Supreme Court?
A5: nine
João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira was elected in 2005 as President of Guinea-Bissau as an independent, being declared winner of the second round by the CNE (Comité Nacional de Eleições). Vieira returned to power in 2005 six years after being ousted from office during a civil war. Previously, he held power for 19 years after taking power in 1980 in a bloodless coup. In that action, he toppled the government of Luís Cabral.

Q1: Who was elected as President in 2005?
A1: João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira
Q2: What body made the declaration of who won the presidency?
A2: CNE (Comité Nacional de Eleições)
Q3: How long was it since Vieira had held the office of president?
A3: six years
Q4: What year did Vieira first assume power?
A4: 1980
Q5: Whose government did Vieira topple in 1980?
A5: Luís Cabral
He was killed on 2 March 2009, possibly by soldiers in retaliation for the assassination of General Batista Tagme Na Waie, the head of the joint chiefs of staff, killed in an explosion. Vieira's death did not trigger widespread violence, but there were signs of turmoil in the country, according to the advocacy group Swisspeace. Malam Bacai Sanhá was elected after a transition. In the 2009 election to replace the assassinated Vieira, Sanhá was the presidential candidate of the PAIGC while Kumba Ialá was the presidential candidate of the PRS.

Q1: What was NOT triggered by Vieira's death?
A1: widespread violence
Q2: When was Vieira killed?
A2: 2 March 2009
Q3: In the 2009 election, who was the candidate of the PAIGC?
A3: Sanhá
Q4: In the 2009 election, who was the candidate of the PRS?
A4: Kumba Ialá
Q5: Who won the 2009 election?
A5: Sanhá
In 2012, President Rachide Sambu-balde Malam Bacai Sanhá died. He belonged to PAIGC (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde), one of the two major political parties in Guinea-Bissau, along with the PRS (Party for Social Renewal). There are more than 20 minor parties.

Q1: When did President Sanha die?
A1: 2012
Q2: What party did Sanha belong to?
A2: PAIGC (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde)
Q3: Besides the PAIGC, what is the other major political party?
A3: PRS (Party for Social Renewal)
Q4: How many minor political parties are there?
A4: more than 20
Q5: What office did Sanha hold in 2012?
A5: President
Guinea-Bissau is divided into eight regions (regiões) and one autonomous sector (sector autónomo). These, in turn, are subdivided into 37 Sectors. The regions are:

Q1: How many regions does Guinea-Bissau contain?
A1: eight
Q2: How many autonomous sectors does Guinea-Bissau contain?
A2: one
Q3: How many subdivided Sectors does Guinea-Bissau contain?
A3: 37
Guinea-Bissau is bordered by Senegal to the north and Guinea to the south and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to its west. It lies mostly between latitudes 11° and 13°N (a small area is south of 11°), and longitudes 13° and 17°W.

Q1: What country is on the north border of Guinea-Bissau?
A1: Senegal
Q2: What country is on the south border of Guinea-Bissau?
A2: Guinea
Q3: What is to the west of Guinea-Bissau?
A3: Atlantic Ocean
Q4: What latitudes does Guinea-Bissau mostly lie between?
A4: 11° and 13°N
Q5: What longitudes does Guinea-Bissau mostly lie between?
A5: 13° and 17°W
At 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq mi), the country is larger in size than Taiwan or Belgium. It lies at a low altitude; its highest point is 300 metres (984 ft). The terrain of is mostly low coastal plain with swamps of Guinean mangroves rising to Guinean forest-savanna mosaic in the east. Its monsoon-like rainy season alternates with periods of hot, dry harmattan winds blowing from the Sahara. The Bijagos Archipelago lies off of the mainland.

Q1: Guinea-Bissau is larger than what two countries?
A1: Taiwan or Belgium
Q2: How high is the highest point in Guinea-Bissau?
A2: 300 metres (984 ft)
Q3: What archipelago lies off the mainland?
A3: Bijagos
Q4: How many square kilometers is Guinea-Bissau?
A4: 36,125
Q5: Where does Guinea-Bissau get its hot dry winds from?
A5: the Sahara
Guinea-Bissau is warm all year around and there is little temperature fluctuation; it averages 26.3 °C (79.3 °F). The average rainfall for Bissau is 2,024 millimetres (79.7 in) although this is almost entirely accounted for during the rainy season which falls between June and September/October. From December through April, the country experiences drought.

Q1: What is the average rainfall in Bissau, in millimetres?
A1: 2,024
Q2: When is the rainy season in Guinea-Bissau?
A2: between June and September/October
Q3: What does the country experience from December through April?
A3: drought
Q4: When is Guinea-Bissau warm?
A4: all year around
Q5: What is the average temperature in Guinea-Bissau?
A5: 26.3 °C (79.3 °F)
Guinea-Bissau's GDP per capita is one of the lowest in the world, and its Human Development Index is one of the lowest on earth. More than two-thirds of the population lives below the poverty line. The economy depends mainly on agriculture; fish, cashew nuts and ground nuts are its major exports.

Q1: How much of the population lives below the poverty line?
A1: More than two-thirds
Q2: What are Guinea-Bissau's major exports?
A2: fish, cashew nuts and ground nuts
Q3: What per capita index does Guinea-Bissau rank as one of the lowest in the world?
A3: GDP
Q4: For what index does Guinea-Bissau rank as one of the lowest on earth?
A4: Human Development Index
Q5: What area depends on agriculture in Guinea-Bissau?
A5: The economy
A long period of political instability has resulted in depressed economic activity, deteriorating social conditions, and increased macroeconomic imbalances. It takes longer on average to register a new business in Guinea-Bissau (233 days or about 33 weeks) than in any other country in the world except Suriname. [The Economist, Pocket World in Figures, 2008 Edition, London: Profile Books]

Q1: Political instability has resulted in what type of economic activity?
A1: depressed
Q2: Political instability has resulted in what description of social conditions?
A2: deteriorating
Q3: What type of imbalances have increased as a result of the instability?
A3: macroeconomic
Q4: How long does it take to register a business in Guinea-Bissau?
A4: 233 days or about 33 weeks
Q5: What is the one country that takes longer than Guinea-Bissau to register a business?
A5: Suriname
Guinea-Bissau has started to show some economic advances after a pact of stability was signed by the main political parties of the country, leading to an IMF-backed structural reform program. The key challenges for the country in the period ahead are to achieve fiscal discipline, rebuild public administration, improve the economic climate for private investment, and promote economic diversification. After the country became independent from Portugal in 1974 due to the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution, the rapid exodus of the Portuguese civilian, military, and political authorities resulted in considerable damage to the country's economic infrastructure, social order, and standard of living.

Q1: What did the main political parties sign to help the economy?
A1: a pact of stability
Q2: What organization backed a structural reform program?
A2: IMF
Q3: When did Guinea-Bissau become independent?
A3: 1974
Q4: What country left Guinea-Bissau in 1974?
A4: Portugal
Q5: What happened in Portugal that contributed to Guinea-Bissau's independence?
A5: the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution
After several years of economic downturn and political instability, in 1997, Guinea-Bissau entered the CFA franc monetary system, bringing about some internal monetary stability. The civil war that took place in 1998 and 1999, and a military coup in September 2003 again disrupted economic activity, leaving a substantial part of the economic and social infrastructure in ruins and intensifying the already widespread poverty. Following the parliamentary elections in March 2004 and presidential elections in July 2005, the country is trying to recover from the long period of instability, despite a still-fragile political situation.

Q1: In what year did Guinea-Bissau start to bring some internal monetary stability to the country?
A1: 1997
Q2: What did the government do in 1997 to increase monetary stability?
A2: entered the CFA franc monetary system
Q3: What years did the civil war take place?
A3: 1998 and 1999
Q4: When was there a military coup in Guinea-Bissau?
A4: September 2003
Q5: When were parliamentary elections held?
A5: March 2004
Beginning around 2005, drug traffickers based in Latin America began to use Guinea-Bissau, along with several neighboring West African nations, as a transshipment point to Europe for cocaine. The nation was described by a United Nations official as being at risk for becoming a "narco-state". The government and the military have done little to stop drug trafficking, which increased after the 2012 coup d'état.

Q1: When did drug traffickers begin to use Guinea-Bissau?
A1: 2005
Q2: Where did the drug traffickers come from?
A2: Latin America
Q3: What was the final destination of the drugs going through Guinea-Bissau?
A3: Europe
Q4: Who described Guinea-Bissau as being at risk for becoming a "narco-state"?
A4: a United Nations official
Q5: Who has done little to stop drug trafficking in the country?
A5: The government and the military
According to the 2010 revison of the UN World Population Prospects, Guinea-Bissau's population was 1,515,000 in 2010, compared to 518,000 in 1950. The proportion of the population below the age of 15 in 2010 was 41.3%, 55.4% were aged between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.3% were aged 65 years or older.

Q1: What was the population of Guinea-Bissau in 1950?
A1: 518,000
Q2: What was the population of Guinea-Bissau in 2010?
A2: 1,515,000
Q3: What is the source of the population data?
A3: the 2010 revison of the UN World Population Prospects
Q4: What percentage of the population was below the age of 15?
A4: 41.3%
Q5: What percentage of the population was 65 or older?
A5: 3.3%
Portuguese natives comprise a very small percentage of Guinea-Bissauans. After Guinea-Bissau gained independence, most of the Portuguese nationals left the country. The country has a tiny Chinese population. These include traders and merchants of mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry from Macau, a former Asian Portuguese colony.

Q1: What natives comprise a very small percentage of the population?
A1: Portuguese
Q2: Who left the country after Guinea-Bissau gained independence?
A2: Portuguese nationals
Q3: What ethnic group has a tiny population in Guinea-Bissau?
A3: Chinese
Q4: What is the name of a former Asian Portuguese colony?
A4: Macau
Q5: What is the ancestry of the Chinese population in Guinea-Bissau?
A5: mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry