romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
The Lord Mayor's official residence is 3 Elliot Terrace, located on the Hoe. Once a home of Waldorf and Nancy Astor, it was given by Lady Astor to the City of Plymouth as an official residence for future Lord Mayors and is also used today for civic hospitality, as lodgings for visiting dignitaries and High Court judges and it is also available to hire for private events. The Civic Centre municipal office building in Armada Way became a listed building in June 2007 because of its quality and period features, but has become the centre of a controversy as the council planned for its demolition estimating that it could cost £40m to refurbish it, resulting in possible job losses.

Q1: At what street address is the Lord Mayor's residence located?
A1: 3 Elliot Terrace
Q2: Who gave the Lord Mayor's official residence to Plymouth?
A2: Lady Astor
Q3: On what street is the Civic Centre office building located?
A3: Armada Way
Q4: In what month and year did the Civic Centre municipal office building become a listed building?
A4: June 2007
Q5: What did Plymouth council estimate the cost to refurbish the Civic Centre municipal office building to be?
A5: £40m
Plymouth lies between the River Plym to the east and the River Tamar to the west; both rivers flow into the natural harbour of Plymouth Sound. Since 1967, the unitary authority of Plymouth has included the, once independent, towns of Plympton and Plymstock which lie along the east of the River Plym. The River Tamar forms the county boundary between Devon and Cornwall and its estuary forms the Hamoaze on which is sited Devonport Dockyard.

Q1: What river is to the west of Plymouth?
A1: River Tamar
Q2: To the east of Plymouth lies which river?
A2: River Plym
Q3: The River Tamar is the boundary between Devon and what other county?
A3: Cornwall
Q4: In what body of water do the rivers Plym and Tamar meet?
A4: Plymouth Sound
Q5: When did Plymstock join the unitary authority of Plymouth?
A5: 1967
The River Plym, which flows off Dartmoor to the north-east, forms a smaller estuary to the east of the city called Cattewater. Plymouth Sound is protected from the sea by the Plymouth Breakwater, in use since 1814. In the Sound is Drake's Island which is seen from Plymouth Hoe, a flat public area on top of limestone cliffs. The Unitary Authority of Plymouth is 79.84 square kilometres (30.83 sq mi). The topography rises from sea level to a height, at Roborough, of about 509 feet (155 m) above Ordnance Datum (AOD).

Q1: What estuary east of Plymouth is part of the River Plym?
A1: Cattewater
Q2: When did the Plymouth Breakwater open?
A2: 1814
Q3: What island is present in Plymouth Sound?
A3: Drake's Island
Q4: How large is the Unitary Authority of Plymouth in square miles?
A4: 30.83
Q5: In meters, what is the highest point in the Plymouth Unitary Authority?
A5: 155
Geologically, Plymouth has a mixture of limestone, Devonian slate, granite and Middle Devonian limestone. Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs is a Site of Special Scientific Interest, because of its geology. The bulk of the city is built upon Upper Devonian slates and shales and the headlands at the entrance to Plymouth Sound are formed of Lower Devonian slates, which can withstand the power of the sea.

Q1: What special designation does Plymouth Sound, Shores and Cliffs possess?
A1: Site of Special Scientific Interest
Q2: What stones form the headlands near Plymouth Sound?
A2: Lower Devonian slates
Q3: Along with Devonian slate, Middle Devonian limestone and limestone, what stone provides the geologic base of Plymouth?
A3: granite
Q4: Along with shales, what is most of the city built on?
A4: Upper Devonian slates
Q5: For what reason is Plymouth Sound a Site of Special Scientific Interest?
A5: its geology
A band of Middle Devonian limestone runs west to east from Cremyll to Plymstock including the Hoe. Local limestone may be seen in numerous buildings, walls and pavements throughout Plymouth. To the north and north east of the city is the granite mass of Dartmoor; the granite was mined and exported via Plymouth. Rocks brought down the Tamar from Dartmoor include ores containing tin, copper, tungsten, lead and other minerals. There is evidence that the middle Devonian limestone belt at the south edge of Plymouth and in Plymstock was quarried at West Hoe, Cattedown and Radford.

Q1: Middle Devonian limestone exists between Plymstock and what location?
A1: Cremyll
Q2: What location north of the city possesses granite?
A2: Dartmoor
Q3: What river was used to ferry granite from Dartmoor to Plymouth?
A3: Tamar
Q4: Along with West Hoe and Radford, where was Middle Devonian limestone quarried in the region?
A4: Cattedown
Q5: What local stone was used in the construction of many Plymouth buildings?
A5: limestone
On 27 April 1944 Sir Patrick Abercrombie's Plan for Plymouth to rebuild the bomb-damaged city was published; it called for demolition of the few remaining pre-War buildings in the city centre to make way for their replacement with wide, parallel, modern boulevards aligned east–west linked by a north–south avenue (Armada Way) linking the railway station with the vista of Plymouth Hoe. A peripheral road system connecting the historic Barbican on the east and Union Street to the west determines the principal form of the city centre, even following pedestrianisation of the shopping centre in the late 1980s, and continues to inform the present 'Vision for Plymouth' developed by a team led by Barcelona-based architect David MacKay in 2003 which calls for revivification of the city centre with mixed-use and residential. In suburban areas, post-War prefabs had already begun to appear by 1946, and over 1,000 permanent council houses were built each year from 1951–57 according to the Modernist zoned low-density garden city model advocated by Abercrombie. By 1964 over 20,000 new homes had been built, more than 13,500 of them permanent council homes and 853 built by the Admiralty. Plymouth is home to 28 parks with an average size of 45,638 square metres (491,240 sq ft). Its largest park is Central Park, with other sizeable green spaces including Victoria Park, Freedom Fields Park, Alexandra Park, Devonport Park and the Hoe.

Q1: On what date was the publication of the Plan for Plymouth?
A1: 27 April 1944
Q2: Who wrote the Plan for Plymouth?
A2: Sir Patrick Abercrombie
Q3: What street was intended to connect Plymouth Hoe to the railroad station?
A3: Armada Way
Q4: Who headed the team that created the 'Vision for Plymouth'?
A4: David MacKay
Q5: How many parks exist in Plymouth?
A5: 28
Along with the rest of South West England, Plymouth has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of England. This means a wide range of exotic plants can be grown. The annual mean temperature is approximately 11 °C (52 °F). Due to the modifying effect of the sea the seasonal range is less than in most other parts of the UK. As a result of this summer highs are lower than its southerly latitude should warrant, but as a contrast the coldest month of February has mean minimum temperatures as mild as between 3 and 4 °C (37 and 39 °F). Snow is rare, not usually equating to more than a few flakes, but there have been exclusions, namely the European winter storms of 2009-10 which, in early January, covered Plymouth in at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) of snow; more on higher ground. Another period of notable snow occurred from 17–19 December 2010 when up to 8 inches (20 cm) of snow fell through the period – though only 2 inches (5.1 cm) would lie at any one time due to melt. Over the 1961–1990 period, annual snowfall accumulation averaged less than 7 cm (3 in) per year. July and August are the warmest months with mean daily maxima over 19 °C (66 °F).

Q1: What Köppen climate classification does Plymouth possess?
A1: temperate oceanic
Q2: In degrees Fahrenheit, what is Plymouth's annual mean temperature?
A2: 52
Q3: What month in Plymouth has the lowest temperatures?
A3: February
Q4: Up to how many centimeters of snow fell on Plymouth between 17 and 19 December 2010?
A4: 20
Q5: Along with August, what is typically the hottest month in Plymouth?
A5: July
Rainfall tends to be associated with Atlantic depressions or with convection. The Atlantic depressions are more vigorous in autumn and winter and most of the rain which falls in those seasons in the south-west is from this source. Average annual rainfall is around 980 millimetres (39 in). November to March have the highest mean wind speeds, with June to August having the lightest winds. The predominant wind direction is from the south-west.

Q1: Along with convection, what provokes rain in the Plymouth area?
A1: Atlantic depressions
Q2: Along with winter, in what season are Atlantic depressions most prevalent?
A2: autumn
Q3: About how many inches of rain fall on Plymouth every year?
A3: 39
Q4: Along with March, what month has the fastest winds on average?
A4: November
Q5: From what direction do most of the winds blow on Plymouth?
A5: south-west
South West England has a favoured location when the Azores High pressure area extends north-eastwards towards the UK, particularly in summer. Coastal areas have average annual sunshine totals over 1,600 hours.

Q1: How many hours of sunshine does the South West England region get each year?
A1: over 1,600
Q2: What region of England benefits from the extension of the Azores High pressure area?
A2: South West England
Typically, the warmest day of the year (1971–2000) will achieve a temperature of 26.6 °C (80 °F), although in June 1976 the temperature reached 31.6 °C (89 °F), the site record. On average, 4.25 days of the year will report a maximum temperature of 25.1 °C (77 °F) or above. During the winter half of the year, the coldest night will typically fall to −4.1 °C (25 °F) although in January 1979 the temperature fell to −8.8 °C (16 °F). Typically, 18.6 nights of the year will register an air frost.

Q1: In degrees Fahrenheit, what was the highest temperature achieved in Plymouth between 1971 and 2000?
A1: 89
Q2: In what month and year did Plymouth see its highest temperature between 1971 and 2000?
A2: June 1976
Q3: About how many days a year in Plymouth are over 77 °F?
A3: 4.25
Q4: In degrees Celsius, what was the coldest temperature recorded at Plymouth between 1971 and 2000?
A4: −8.8 °C
Q5: In what month and year did Plymouth see its lowest temperature between 1971 and 2000?
A5: January 1979
The University of Plymouth enrolls 25,895 total students as of 2014/15 (22nd largest in the UK out of 165). It also employs 3,000 staff with an annual income of around £160 million. It was founded in 1992 from Polytechnic South West (formerly Plymouth Polytechnic) following the Further and Higher Education Act 1992. It has courses in maritime business, marine engineering, marine biology and Earth, ocean and environmental sciences, surf science, shipping and logistics. The university formed a joint venture with the fellow Devonian University of Exeter in 2000, establishing the Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry. The college is ranked 8th out of 30 universities in the UK in 2011 for medicine. Its dental school was established in 2006, which also provides free dental care in an attempt to improve access to dental care in the South West.

Q1: How many students are studying at the University of Plymouth?
A1: 25,895
Q2: Where does the University of Plymouth rank among British institutions of higher education in terms of number of enrolled students?
A2: 22nd
Q3: How many staff members work for the University of Plymouth?
A3: 3,000
Q4: About how much are the staff of the University of Plymouth paid yearly in total?
A4: £160 million
Q5: In what year was the University of Plymouth established?
A5: 1992
The University of St Mark & St John (known as "Marjon" or "Marjons") specialises in teacher training, and offers training across the country and abroad.

Q1: What institution of higher  education is colloquially known as Marjons?
A1: The University of St Mark & St John
Q2: What is the academic specialty of the University of St Mark & St John?
A2: teacher training
The city is also home to two large colleges. The City College Plymouth provides courses from the most basic to Foundation degrees for approximately 26,000 students. Plymouth College of Art offers a selection of courses including media. It was started 153 years ago and is now one of only four independent colleges of art and design in the UK.

Q1: Along with City College Plymouth, what college calls Plymouth home?
A1: Plymouth College of Art
Q2: About how many students are enrolled at City College Plymouth?
A2: 26,000
Q3: How many years ago was Plymouth College of Art founded?
A3: 153
Q4: How many independent art colleges exist in the United Kingdom?
A4: four
Q5: How many large colleges exist in Plymouth?
A5: two
Plymouth also has 71 state primary phase schools, 13 state secondary schools, eight special schools and three selective state grammar schools, Devonport High School for Girls, Devonport High School for Boys and Plymouth High School for Girls. There is also an independent school Plymouth College.

Q1: How many state primary schools are in Plymouth?
A1: 71
Q2: Plymouth has how many state secondary schools?
A2: 13
Q3: How many state grammar schools are based in Plymouth?
A3: three
Q4: What is the name of the independent school in Plymouth?
A4: Plymouth College
Q5: Aside from Plymouth High School for Girls and Devonport High School for Boys, what state grammar school is present in Plymouth?
A5: Devonport High School for Girls
The city was also home to the Royal Naval Engineering College; opened in 1880 in Keyham, it trained engineering students for five years before they completed the remaining two years of the course at Greenwich. The college closed in 1910, but in 1940 a new college opened at Manadon. This was renamed Dockyard Technical College in 1959 before finally closing in 1994; training was transferred to the University of Southampton.

Q1: What maritime institution of higher education existed in Plymouth as of 1880?
A1: the Royal Naval Engineering College
Q2: When did the Royal Naval Engineering College shut its doors in Plymouth?
A2: 1910
Q3: What was the Royal Naval Engineering College renamed in 1959?
A3: Dockyard Technical College
Q4: In what year did the Dockyard Technical College close?
A4: 1994
Q5: After the Dockyard Technical College closed, where were classes relocated to?
A5: University of Southampton
Plymouth is home to the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (MBA) which conducts research in all areas of the marine sciences. The Plymouth Marine Laboratory is an offshoot of the MBA. Together with the National Marine Aquarium, the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences, Plymouth University's Marine Institute and the Diving Diseases Research Centre, these marine-related organisations form the Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership. The Plymouth Marine Laboratory, which focuses on global issues of climate change and sustainability. It monitors the effects of ocean acidity on corals and shellfish and reports the results to the UK government. It also cultivates algae that could be used to make biofuels or in the treatment of waste water by using technology such as photo-bioreactors. It works alongside the Boots Group to investigate the use of algae in skin care protects, taking advantage of the chemicals they contain that adapt to protect themselves from the sun.

Q1: What organization known as the MBA is based in Plymouth?
A1: Marine Biological Association
Q2: What Plymouth organization is named for Sir Alister Hardy?
A2: Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences
Q3: What marine facility is attached to the University of Plymouth?
A3: Marine Institute
Q4: What group are many of Plymouth's marine organizations a part of?
A4: Plymouth Marine Sciences Partnership
Q5: What is the name of the aquarium present in Plymouth?
A5: National Marine Aquarium
From the 2011 Census, the Office for National Statistics published that Plymouth's unitary authority area population was 256,384; 15,664 more people than that of the last census from 2001, which indicated that Plymouth had a population of 240,720. The Plymouth urban area had a population of 260,203 in 2011 (the urban sprawl which extends outside the authority's boundaries). The city's average household size was 2.3 persons. At the time of the 2011 UK census, the ethnic composition of Plymouth's population was 96.2% White (of 92.9% was White British), with the largest minority ethnic group being Chinese at 0.5%. The white Irish ethnic group saw the largest decline in its share of the population since the 2001 Census (-24%), while the Other Asian and Black African had the largest increases (360% and 351% respectively). This excludes the two new ethnic groups added to the 2011 census of Gypsy or Irish Traveller and Arab. The population rose rapidly during the second half of the 19th century, but declined by over 1.6% from 1931 to 1951.

Q1: What was the population of Plymouth unitary authority circa 2011?
A1: 256,384
Q2: What was the population of Plymouth unitary authority circa 2001?
A2: 240,720
Q3: How many people did the Plymouth unitary authority gain between 2001 and 2011?
A3: 15,664
Q4: What was the average number of people in a Plymouth household?
A4: 2.3
Q5: What percentage of Plymouth residents in 2011 were of Chinese ancestry?
A5: 0.5
Plymouth's gross value added (a measure of the size of its economy) was 5,169 million GBP in 2013 making up 25% of Devon's GVA. Its GVA per person was £19,943 and compared to the national average of £23,755, was £3,812 lower. Plymouth's unemployment rate was 7.0% in 2014 which was 2.0 points higher than the South West average and 0.8 points higher than the average for Great Britain (England, Wales and Scotland).

Q1: What percentage of Devon's GVA does Plymouth comprise in 2013?
A1: 25%
Q2: What was Plymouth's 2013 GVA in millions of British Pounds?
A2: 5,169
Q3: What was Plymouth' per capita GVA in 2013?
A3: £19,943
Q4: What was the United Kingdom's average per capita GVA in 2013?
A4: £23,755
Q5: What percentage of Plymouth residents were unemployed in 2014?
A5: 7.0%
A 2014 profile by the National Health Service showed Plymouth had higher than average levels of poverty and deprivation (26.2% of population among the poorest 20.4% nationally). Life expectancy, at 78.3 years for men and 82.1 for women, was the lowest of any region in the South West of England.

Q1: What percentage of Plymouth residents were suffering from poverty and deprivation in 2014?
A1: 26.2%
Q2: As of 2014, what was the life expectancy of male Plymouth residents?
A2: 78.3 years
Q3: As of 2014, what was the life expectancy of female Plymouth residents?
A3: 82.1
Q4: Where did Plymouth's life expectancy rank out of the regions of South West England?
A4: lowest
Because of its coastal location, the economy of Plymouth has traditionally been maritime, in particular the defence sector with over 12,000 people employed and approximately 7,500 in the armed forces. The Plymouth Gin Distillery has been producing Plymouth Gin since 1793, which was exported around the world by the Royal Navy. During the 1930s, it was the most widely distributed gin and has a controlled term of origin. Since the 1980s, employment in the defence sector has decreased substantially and the public sector is now prominent particularly in administration, health, education, medicine and engineering.

Q1: How many Plymouth residents are employed in defense?
A1: 12,000
Q2: About how many Plymouth residents are serving in the military?
A2: 7,500
Q3: When was Plymouth Gin first distilled?
A3: 1793
Q4: What company produces Plymouth Gin?
A4: Plymouth Gin Distillery
Q5: During what decade was Plymouth Gin the most widely consumed in the world?
A5: the 1930s
Devonport Dockyard is the UK's only naval base that refits nuclear submarines and the Navy estimates that the Dockyard generates about 10% of Plymouth's income. Plymouth has the largest cluster of marine and maritime businesses in the south west with 270 firms operating within the sector. Other substantial employers include the university with almost 3,000 staff, as well as the Tamar Science Park employing 500 people in 50 companies. Several employers have chosen to locate their headquarters in Plymouth, including Hemsley Fraser.

Q1: About what percentage of Plymouth's income comes from the Dockyard?
A1: 10%
Q2: What Royal Navy base is present in Plymouth?
A2: Devonport Dockyard
Q3: How many maritime businesses operate in Plymouth?
A3: 270
Q4: How many people work in Tamar Science Park?
A4: 500
Q5: What is a notable company based in Plymouth?
A5: Hemsley Fraser
Plymouth has a post-war shopping area in the city centre with substantial pedestrianisation. At the west end of the zone inside a grade II listed building is the Pannier Market that was completed in 1959 – pannier meaning "basket" from French, so it translates as "basket market". In terms of retail floorspace, Plymouth is ranked in the top five in the South West, and 29th nationally. Plymouth was one of the first ten British cities to trial the new Business Improvement District initiative. The Tinside Pool is situated at the foot of the Hoe and became a grade II listed building in 1998 before being restored to its 1930s look for £3.4 million.

Q1: What notable shop is located in a grade II listed building?
A1: Pannier Market
Q2: In what year was Pannier Market finished?
A2: 1959
Q3: What is Plymouth's national rank in retail floorspace?
A3: 29th
Q4: What notable location was named a grade II listed building in 1998?
A4: Tinside Pool
Q5: What was the cost to restore Tinside Pool?
A5: £3.4 million
Plymouth Council is currently undertaking a project of urban redevelopment called the "Vision for Plymouth" launched by the architect David Mackay and backed by both Plymouth City Council and the Plymouth Chamber of Commerce (PCC). Its projects range from shopping centres, a cruise terminal, a boulevard and to increase the population to 300,000 and build 33,000 dwellings.

Q1: What is the name of Plymouth Council's urban redevelopment project?
A1: "Vision for Plymouth"
Q2: What architect is in charge of the ""Vision for Plymouth"?
A2: David Mackay
Q3: Along with Plymouth Council, what body supports the "Vision for Plymouth"?
A3: the Plymouth Chamber of Commerce
Q4: What is the population goal of the "Vision for Plymouth"?
A4: 300,000
Q5: How many residences does the "Vision for Plymouth" seek to build?
A5: 33,000
In 2004 the old Drake Circus shopping centre and Charles Cross car park were demolished and replaced by the latest Drake Circus Shopping Centre, which opened in October 2006. It received negative feedback before opening when David Mackay said it was already "ten years out of date". In contrast, the Theatre Royal's production and education centre, TR2, which was built on wasteland at Cattedown, was a runner-up for the RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture in 2003.

Q1: When was the Charles Cross car park removed?
A1: 2004
Q2: In what month and year was the grand opening of Drake Circus Shopping Centre?
A2: October 2006
Q3: Where was TR2 built?
A3: Cattedown
Q4: What prize did TR2 almost win?
A4: the RIBA Stirling Prize for Architecture in 2003
Q5: Who spoke disparagingly about the Drake Circus Shopping Centre?
A5: David Mackay
There is a project involving the future relocation of Plymouth City Council's headquarters, the civic centre, to the current location of the Bretonside bus station; it would involve both the bus station and civic centre being demolished and a rebuilt together at the location with the land from the civic centre being sold off. Other suggestions include the demolition of the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena to create a canal "boulevard" linking Millbay to the city centre. Millbay is being regenerated with mixed residential, retail and office space alongside the ferry port.

Q1: What location is proposed for the future home of the Plymouth City Council headquarters?
A1: the Bretonside bus station
Q2: To connect Millbay to the city centre, what would need to be destroyed?
A2: the Plymouth Pavilions entertainment arena
Q3: What city region is located near a ferry terminal?
A3: Millbay