romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Nigeria gained independence from the United Kingdom as a Commonwealth Realm on 1 October 1960. Nigeria's government was a coalition of conservative parties: the Nigerian People's Congress (NPC), a party dominated by Northerners and those of the Islamic faith, and the Igbo and Christian-dominated National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC) led by Nnamdi Azikiwe. Azikiwe became Nigeria's maiden Governor-General in 1960. The opposition comprised the comparatively liberal Action Group (AG), which was largely dominated by the Yoruba and led by Obafemi Awolowo. The cultural and political differences between Nigeria's dominant ethnic groups – the Hausa ('Northerners'), Igbo ('Easterners') and Yoruba ('Westerners') – were sharp.

Q1: What was Nigeria's status after independence from the UK?
A1: a Commonwealth Realm
Q2: Which Nigerian political party was mostly Islamic?
A2: Nigerian People's Congress
Q3: Which Nigerian political party was mostly Christian?
A3: National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons
Q4: Who led the NCNC party?
A4: Nnamdi Azikiwe
Q5: Which Nigerian political party was mostly Yoruba?
A5: Obafemi Awolowo
The disquilibrium and perceived corruption of the electoral and political process led, in 1966, to back-to-back military coups. The first coup was in January 1966 and was led by Igbo soldiers under Majors Emmanuel Ifeajuna and Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu. The coup plotters succeeded in murdering Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Premier Ahmadu Bello of the Northern Region and Premier Ladoke Akintola of the Western Region. But, the coup plotters struggled to form a central government. President Nwafor Orizu handed over government control to the Army, then under the command of another Igbo officer, General JTU Aguiyi-Ironsi.

Q1: In what year were there two military coups in Nigeria?
A1: 1966
Q2: Which group led the first 1966 coup?
A2: Igbo soldiers
Q3: Which Prime Minister was murdered in the Igbo coup?
A3: Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
Q4: Which Northern Premier was murdered in the Igbo coup?
A4: Ahmadu Bello
Q5: Which Western Premier was murdered in the Igbo coup?
A5: Ladoke Akintola
In May 1967, the Eastern Region declared independence as a state called the Republic of Biafra, under the leadership of Lt. Colonel Emeka Ojukwu. The Nigerian Civil War began as the official Nigerian government side (predominated by soldiers from the North and West) attacked Biafra (Southeastern) on 6 July 1967 at Garkem. The 30 month war, with a long siege of Biafra and its isolation from trade and supplies, ended in January 1970. Estimates of the number of dead in the former Eastern Region are between 1 and 3 million people, from warfare, disease, and starvation, during the 30-month civil war.

Q1: What did Eastern Nigeria want to call itself as an independent nation?
A1: Republic of Biafra
Q2: When did Eastern Nigeria declare its independence?
A2: May 1967
Q3: Who led Eastern Nigeria during the Nigerian Civil War?
A3: Lt. Colonel Emeka Ojukwu
Q4: How many months did the Nigerian Civil War last?
A4: 30
Q5: How many people died during the Nigerian Civil War?
A5: between 1 and 3 million
During the oil boom of the 1970s, Nigeria joined OPEC and the huge revenue generated made the economy richer. Despite huge revenues from oil production and sale, the military administration did little to improve the standard of living of the population, help small and medium businesses, or invest in infrastructure. As oil revenues fuelled the rise of federal subventions to states, the federal government became the centre of political struggle and the threshold of power in the country. As oil production and revenue rose, the Nigerian government became increasingly dependent on oil revenues and the international commodity markets for budgetary and economic concerns. It did not develop other sources of the economy for economic stability. That spelled doom to federalism in Nigeria.

Q1: Which oil group did Nigeria join?
A1: OPEC
Q2: Who failed to use the oil revenues to invest in infrastructure?
A2: the military administration
Q3: Overdependence on oil income led to the fall of what form of government in Nigeria?
A3: federalism
Beginning in 1979, Nigerians participated in a brief return to democracy when Olusegun Obasanjo transferred power to the civilian regime of Shehu Shagari. The Shagari government became viewed as corrupt and incompetent by virtually all sectors of Nigerian society. The military coup of Muhammadu Buhari shortly after the regime's fraudulent re-election in 1984 was generally viewed as a positive development. Buhari promised major reforms, but his government fared little better than its predecessor. His regime was overthrown by another military coup in 1985.

Q1: Which Nigerian leader transferred power in 1979?
A1: Olusegun Obasanjo
Q2: Which Nigerian leader received power in 1979?
A2: Shehu Shagari
Q3: How did Nigerians view the Shagari administration?
A3: corrupt and incompetent
Q4: Who led a military coup against Shagari?
A4: Muhammadu Buhari
Q5: When did another military coup overthrow Buhari?
A5: 1985
The new head of state, Ibrahim Babangida, declared himself president and commander in chief of the armed forces and the ruling Supreme Military Council. He set 1990 as the official deadline for a return to democratic governance. Babangida's tenure was marked by a flurry of political activity: he instituted the International Monetary Fund's Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) to aid in the repayment of the country's crushing international debt, which most federal revenue was dedicated to servicing. He enrolled Nigeria in the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, which aggravated religious tensions in the country.

Q1: Which Nigerian leader decided Nigeria would return to democracy in 1990?
A1: Ibrahim Babangida
Q2: What did Babangida set up to help pay Nigeria's national debt?
A2: International Monetary Fund's Structural Adjustment Program
Q3: What was most of Nigeria's federal income being spent on?
A3: debt
Q4: What controversial religious group did Nigeria join?
A4: Organisation of the Islamic Conference
After Babangida survived an abortive coup, he pushed back the promised return to democracy to 1992. Free and fair elections were finally held on 12 June 1993, with a presidential victory for Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola. Babangida annulled the elections, leading to mass civilian violent protests which effectively shut down the country for weeks. Babangida finally kept his promise to relinquish office to a civilian-run government, but not before appointing Ernest Shonekan as head of the interim government. Babangida's regime has been considered the most corrupt, and responsible for creating a culture of corruption in Nigeria.

Q1: To when did Babangida delay the return to democracy?
A1: 1992
Q2: When did Nigeria finally hold a fair election?
A2: 12 June 1993
Q3: Who won the 1993 Nigerian election?
A3: Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola
Q4: Babangida's reaction to the election results caused violent protests for how long?
A4: weeks
Q5: Who did Babangida appoint as head of an interim government when he finally stepped down?
A5: Ernest Shonekan
Nigeria regained democracy in 1999 when it elected Olusegun Obasanjo, the former military head of state, as the new President of Nigeria. This ended almost 33 years of military rule (from 1966 until 1999), excluding the short-lived second republic (between 1979 and 1983) by military dictators who seized power in coups d'état and counter-coups during the Nigerian military juntas of 1966–1979 and 1983–1998. Although the elections which brought Obasanjo to power in 1999 and again in 2003 were condemned as unfree and unfair, Nigeria has shown marked improvements in attempts to tackle government corruption and to hasten development.

Q1: When did Nigeria regain democracy?
A1: 1999
Q2: Who won the 1999 Nigerian election?
A2: Olusegun Obasanjo
Q3: Nigeria was under military rule for how long?
A3: almost 33 years
Q4: How was the 1999 election regarded?
A4: unfree and unfair
Q5: How was the 2003 election regarded?
A5: unfree and unfair
Goodluck Jonathan served as Nigeria's president till 16 April 2011, when a new presidential election in Nigeria was conducted. Jonathan of the PDP was declared the winner on 19 April 2011, having won the election with a total of 22,495,187 of the 39,469,484 votes cast, to stand ahead of Muhammadu Buhari from the main opposition party, the Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), which won 12,214,853 of the total votes cast. The international media reported the elections as having run smoothly with relatively little violence or voter fraud, in contrast to previous elections.

Q1: Who won the 2011 election?
A1: Goodluck Jonathan
Q2: Who was the CPC's 2011 candidate?
A2: Muhammadu Buhari
Q3: How many votes did Goodluck get in 2011?
A3: 22,495,187
Q4: How many votes did Buhari get?
A4: 12,214,853
Q5: What was the main opposition political party in 2011?
A5: Congress for Progressive Change
Nigeria is a Federal Republic modelled after the United States, with executive power exercised by the president. It is influenced by the Westminster System model[citation needed] in the composition and management of the upper and lower houses of the bicameral legislature. The president presides as both Head of State and head of the national executive; the leader is elected by popular vote to a maximum of two 4-year terms. In the March 28, 2015 presidential election, General Muhammadu Buhari emerged victorious to become the Federal President of Nigeria, defeating then incumbent Goodluck Jonathan.

Q1: What is Nigeria's form of government?
A1: Federal Republic
Q2: What houses does the Nigerian legislature have?
A2: upper and lower
Q3: How many times can a Nigerian president be elected?
A3: two 4-year terms
Q4: Who won the 2015 Nigerian presidential election?
A4: General Muhammadu Buhari
Q5: Who lost the 2015 Nigerian presidential election?
A5: Goodluck Jonathan
Ethnocentrism, tribalism, religious persecution, and prebendalism have affected Nigerian politics both prior and subsequent to independence in 1960. Kin-selective altruism has made its way into Nigerian politics, resulting in tribalist efforts to concentrate Federal power to a particular region of their interests. Nationalism has also led to active secessionist movements such as MASSOB, Nationalist movements such as Oodua Peoples Congress, Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta and a civil war. Nigeria's three largest ethnic groups (Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba) have maintained historical preeminence in Nigerian politics; competition amongst these three groups has fuelled corruption and graft.

Q1: What are Nigeria's 3 biggest ethnic groups?
A1: Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba
Q2: When did Nigeria get independence?
A2: 1960
Q3: What major secession movement has Nigeria had?
A3: MASSOB
Q4: What major nationalist movement has Nigeria had?
A4: Oodua Peoples Congress
Because of the above issues, Nigeria's political parties are pan-national and secular in character (though this does not preclude the continuing preeminence of the dominant ethnicities). The major political parties at that time included the then ruling People's Democratic Party of Nigeria, which maintains 223 seats in the House and 76 in the Senate (61.9% and 69.7% respectively); the opposition formerly All Nigeria People's Party now All Progressives Congress has 96 House seats and 27 in the Senate (26.6% and 24.7%). About twenty minor opposition parties are registered.

Q1: How many seats does the People's Democratic Party of Nigeria have in the House?
A1: 223
Q2: How many seats does the People's Democratic Party of Nigeria have in the Senate?
A2: 76
Q3: How many seats does the  All Progressives Congress have in the House?
A3: 96
Q4: How many seats does the  All Progressives Congress have in the Senate?
A4: 27
Q5: How many minor opposition parties does Nigeria have?
A5: About twenty
Nigeria's foreign policy was tested in the 1970s after the country emerged united from its own civil war. It supported movements against white minority governments in the Southern Africa sub-region. Nigeria backed the African National Congress (ANC) by taking a committed tough line with regard to the South African government and their military actions in southern Africa. Nigeria was also a founding member of the Organisation for African Unity (now the African Union), and has tremendous influence in West Africa and Africa on the whole. Nigeria has additionally founded regional cooperative efforts in West Africa, functioning as standard-bearer for the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and ECOMOG, economic and military organisations, respectively.

Q1: What group did Nigeria support against white governments in Southern Africa?
A1: African National Congress
Q2: What group was Nigeria a founding member of?
A2: Organisation for African Unity
Q3: What is the Organisation for African Unity now known as?
A3: the African Union
Q4: Nigeria is a 'standard-bearer' in what international group?
A4: the Economic Community of West African States
Nigeria has a varied landscape. The far south is defined by its tropical rainforest climate, where annual rainfall is 60 to 80 inches (1,500 to 2,000 mm) a year. In the southeast stands the Obudu Plateau. Coastal plains are found in both the southwest and the southeast. This forest zone's most southerly portion is defined as "salt water swamp," also known as a mangrove swamp because of the large amount of mangroves in the area. North of this is fresh water swamp, containing different vegetation from the salt water swamp, and north of that is rain forest.

Q1: How many inches of rain does southern Nigeria get each year?
A1: 60 to 80 inches
Q2: What type of climate is southern Nigeria?
A2: tropical rainforest
Q3: What part of Nigeria is the Obudu Plateau in?
A3: southeast
Q4: What is Nigeria's northernmost climate?
A4: rain forest
The area near the border with Cameroon close to the coast is rich rainforest and part of the Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests ecoregion, an important centre for biodiversity. It is habitat for the drill monkey, which is found in the wild only in this area and across the border in Cameroon. The areas surrounding Calabar, Cross River State, also in this forest, are believed to contain the world's largest diversity of butterflies. The area of southern Nigeria between the Niger and the Cross Rivers has lost most of its forest because of development and harvesting by increased population, with it being replaced by grassland (see Cross-Niger transition forests).

Q1: What does the Cross River State area of Nigeria have the world's largest variety of?
A1: butterflies
Q2: Southern Nigeria is turning from a forest to what type of environment?
A2: grassland
Q3: What type of monkey is only found in parts of Nigeria and Cameroon?
A3: the drill monkey
Q4: What ecoregion is in Nigeria near the Cameroon border?
A4: Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests
Q5: Why is southern Nigeria losing its forests?
A5: development and harvesting by increased population
Everything in between the far south and the far north is savannah (insignificant tree cover, with grasses and flowers located between trees). Rainfall is more limited, to between 500 and 1,500 millimetres (20 and 60 in) per year. The savannah zone's three categories are Guinean forest-savanna mosaic, Sudan savannah, and Sahel savannah. Guinean forest-savanna mosaic is plains of tall grass interrupted by trees. Sudan savannah is similar but with shorter grasses and shorter trees. Sahel savannah consists of patches of grass and sand, found in the northeast. In the Sahel region, rain is less than 500 millimetres (20 in) per year and the Sahara Desert is encroaching. In the dry north-east corner of the country lies Lake Chad, which Nigeria shares with Niger, Chad and Cameroon.

Q1: What type of vegetation is in central Nigeria?
A1: savannah
Q2: How many inches of rain does central Nigeria get each year?
A2: between 500 and 1,500 millimetres (20 and 60 in)
Q3: How many subregions are there of Nigeria's savannah zone?
A3: three
Q4: How much rain does the Sahel savannah area get per year?
A4: less than 500 millimetres (20 in)
Q5: Which desert is encroaching into northeastern Nigeria?
A5: Sahara
Waste management including sewage treatment, the linked processes of deforestation and soil degradation, and climate change or global warming are the major environmental problems in Nigeria. Waste management presents problems in a mega city like Lagos and other major Nigerian cities which are linked with economic development, population growth and the inability of municipal councils to manage the resulting rise in industrial and domestic waste. This huge waste management problem is also attributable to unsustainable environmental management lifestyles of Kubwa Community in the Federal Capital Territory, where there are habits of indiscriminate disposal of waste, dumping of waste along or into the canals, sewerage systems that are channels for water flows, etc.

Q1: What is the largest Nigerian city?
A1: Lagos
Q2: What type of groups have been failing to keep up with waste management in Nigeria?
A2: municipal councils
Q3: What Nigerian community has the worst unsustainable waste management?
A3: Kubwa Community
Q4: What territory is Kubwa Community in?
A4: Federal Capital Territory
Nigeria is divided into thirty-six states and one Federal Capital Territory, which are further sub-divided into 774 Local Government Areas (LGAs). The plethora of states, of which there were only three at independence, reflect the country's tumultuous history and the difficulties of managing such a heterogeneous national entity at all levels of government. In some contexts, the states are aggregated into six geopolitical zones: North West, North East, North Central, South East, South South, and South West.

Q1: How many states does Nigeria have?
A1: thirty-six
Q2: What non-state area does Nigeria have?
A2: Federal Capital Territory
Q3: How many smaller areas are the Nigerian states divided into?
A3: 774
Q4: What are the Nigerian states' sub-divisions called?
A4: Local Government Areas
Q5: How many geopolitical zones do people consider the Nigerian states to be in?
A5: six
Nigeria was ranked 30th in the world in terms of GDP (PPP) in 2012. Nigeria is the United States' largest trading partner in sub-Saharan Africa and supplies a fifth of its oil (11% of oil imports). It has the seventh-largest trade surplus with the US of any country worldwide. Nigeria is the 50th-largest export market for US goods and the 14th-largest exporter of goods to the US. The United States is the country's largest foreign investor. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) projected economic growth of 9% in 2008 and 8.3% in 2009. The IMF further projects an 8% growth in the Nigerian economy in 2011.

Q1: Where did Nigeria's 2012 GDP rank?
A1: 30th in the world
Q2: Which sub-Saharan African nation does the most trade with the US?
A2: Nigeria
Q3: How much of the US's oil comes from Nigeria?
A3: a fifth
Q4: How much of the US's oil imports come from Nigeria?
A4: 11%
Q5: How much growth did the IMF expect Nigeria's economy to have in 2009?
A5: 8.3%
The Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field was discovered in 1973 and produces from middle Miocene deltaic sandstone-shale in an anticline structural trap at a depth of 2–4 km. In June 2013, the company announced a strategic review of its operations in Nigeria, hinting that assets could be divested. While many international oil companies have operated there for decades, by 2014 most were making moves to divest their interests, citing a range of issues including oil theft. In August 2014, Shell Oil Company said it was finalising its interests in four Nigerian oil fields.

Q1: When was the Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field found?
A1: 1973
Q2: What is the depth of the Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field?
A2: 2–4 km
Q3: What type of geology is the Niger Delta Nembe Creek Oil field?
A3: middle Miocene deltaic sandstone-shale in an anticline structural trap
Q4: How long have international oil companies been in Nigeria?
A4: decades
According to the International Organization for Migration, Nigeria witnessed a dramatic increase in remittances sent home from overseas Nigerians, going from USD 2.3 billion in 2004 to 17.9 billion in 2007. The United States accounts for the largest portion of official remittances, followed by the United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Spain and France. On the African continent, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Chad, Libya and South Africa are important source countries of remittance flows to Nigeria, while China is the biggest remittance-sending country in Asia.

Q1: How much money did overseas Nigerians send home in 2004?
A1: USD 2.3 billion
Q2: How much money did overseas Nigerians send home in 2007?
A2: 17.9 billion
Q3: Which country has Nigerians sending the most money home?
A3: United States
Q4: Which country has Nigerians sending the second-most money home?
A4: United Kingdom
Q5: Which Asian country has Nigerians sending the most money home?
A5: China
Nigeria in recent years has been embracing industrialisation. It currently has an indigenous vehicle manufacturing company, Innoson Motors, which manufactures Rapid Transit Buses, Trucks and SUVs with an upcoming introduction of Cars. Nigeria also has few Electronic manufacturers like Zinox, the first Branded Nigerian Computer and Electronic gadgets (like tablet PCs) manufacturers. In 2013, Nigeria introduced a policy regarding import duty on vehicles to encourage local manufacturing companies in the country. In this regard, some foreign vehicle manufacturing companies like Nissan have made known their plans to have manufacturing plants in Nigeria. Ogun is considered to be the current Nigeria's industrial hub, as most factories are located in Ogun and more companies are moving there, followed by Lagos.

Q1: What is Nigeria's local vehicle manufacturer?
A1: Innoson Motors
Q2: What is Nigeria's branded electronics manufacturer?
A2: Zinox
Q3: When did Nigeria change its import policies to encourage local manufacturers?
A3: 2013
Q4: What city is Nigeria's main industrial area?
A4: Ogun
Q5: What city is Nigeria's secondary industrial area?
A5: Lagos
The Nigerian government has commissioned the overseas production and launch of four satellites. The Nigeriasat-1 was the first satellite to be built under the Nigerian government sponsorship. The satellite was launched from Russia on 27 September 2003. Nigeriasat-1 was part of the world-wide Disaster Monitoring Constellation System. The primary objectives of the Nigeriasat-1 were: to give early warning signals of environmental disaster; to help detect and control desertification in the northern part of Nigeria; to assist in demographic planning; to establish the relationship between malaria vectors and the environment that breeds malaria and to give early warning signals on future outbreaks of meningitis using remote sensing technology; to provide the technology needed to bring education to all parts of the country through distant learning; and to aid in conflict resolution and border disputes by mapping out state and International borders.

Q1: When did Nigeria launch its first satellite?
A1: 27 September 2003
Q2: What was Nigeria's first satellite called?
A2: Nigeriasat-1
Q3: Where did Nigeria launch its first satellite?
A3: Russia
Q4: How many satellites has the Nigerian government commissioned?
A4: four