romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
United States government assistance is the mainstay of the economy. Under terms of the Amended Compact of Free Association, the U.S. is committed to provide US$57.7 million per year in assistance to the Marshall Islands (RMI) through 2013, and then US$62.7 million through 2023, at which time a trust fund, made up of U.S. and RMI contributions, will begin perpetual annual payouts.

Q1: How much money did the Marshall Islands receive yearly from the United States until 2013?
A1: US$57.7 million
Q2: How much money will the United States give the Marshal Islands every year until 2023?
A2: US$62.7 million
Q3: What document defines how much money is transferred from the United States to the Marshall Islands?
A3: the Amended Compact of Free Association
Q4: What will be established in 2023?
A4: a trust fund
The United States Army maintains the Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site on Kwajalein Atoll. Marshallese land owners receive rent for the base.

Q1: On what atoll is a missile test facility based?
A1: Kwajalein Atoll
Q2: Who is the missile test facility named after?
A2: Ronald Reagan
Q3: What is the official name of the missile test facility?
A3: Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site
Q4: What organization operates the missile test site?
A4: United States Army
Agricultural production is concentrated on small farms.[citation needed] The most important commercial crops are coconuts, tomatoes, melons, and breadfruit.[citation needed]

Q1: Along with coconuts, tomatoes and melons, what crops are notably grown in the Marshalls?
A1: breadfruit
Q2: Where does most agricultural production take place?
A2: small farms
In 1999, a private company built a tuna loining plant with more than 400 employees, mostly women. But the plant closed in 2005 after a failed attempt to convert it to produce tuna steaks, a process that requires half as many employees. Operating costs exceeded revenue, and the plant's owners tried to partner with the government to prevent closure. But government officials personally interested in an economic stake in the plant refused to help. After the plant closed, it was taken over by the government, which had been the guarantor of a $2 million loan to the business.[citation needed]

Q1: In what year was a tuna loining plant constructed?
A1: 1999
Q2: How many people worked at the tuna loining plant?
A2: 400
Q3: In what year did the tuna loining plant shut down?
A3: 2005
Q4: Before it shut down, what was the tuna loining plant attempting to produce?
A4: tuna steaks
Q5: What was the amount of the loan to the tuna loining plant that the Marshall Islands government was responsible for?
A5: $2 million
On September 15, 2007, Witon Barry (of the Tobolar Copra processing plant in the Marshall Islands capital of Majuro) said power authorities, private companies, and entrepreneurs had been experimenting with coconut oil as alternative to diesel fuel for vehicles, power generators, and ships. Coconut trees abound in the Pacific's tropical islands. Copra, the meat of the coconut, yields coconut oil (1 liter for every 6 to 10 coconuts). In 2009, a 57 kW solar power plant was installed, the largest in the Pacific at the time, including New Zealand. It is estimated that 330 kW of solar and 450 kW of wind power would be required to make the College of the Marshall Islands energy self-sufficient. Marshalls Energy Company (MEC), a government entity, provides the islands with electricity. In 2008, 420 solar home systems of 200 Wp each were installed on Ailinglaplap Atoll, sufficient for limited electricity use.

Q1: Who did Witon Barry work for?
A1: the Tobolar Copra processing plant
Q2: Where was the Tobolar Copra plant located?
A2: Majuro
Q3: What is copra?
A3: the meat of the coconut
Q4: How many coconuts are required to produce 1 liter of coconut oil?
A4: 6 to 10
Q5: How many kilowatts of power are produced by the solar plant built in 2009?
A5: 57
Historical population figures are unknown. In 1862, the population was estimated at about 10,000. In 1960, the entire population was about 15,000. In July 2011, the number of island residents was estimated to number about 72,191. Over two-thirds of the population live in the capital, Majuro and Ebeye, the secondary urban center, located in Kwajalein Atoll. This excludes many who have relocated elsewhere, primarily to the United States. The Compact of Free Association allows them to freely relocate to the United States and obtain work there. A large concentration of about 4,300 Marshall Islanders have relocated to Springdale, Arkansas, the largest population concentration of natives outside their island home.

Q1: About how many people lived in the Marshall Islands in 1862?
A1: 10,000
Q2: How many people lived in the Marshall Islands in 1960?
A2: 15,000
Q3: As of July 2011, how many people resided on the Marshall Islands?
A3: 72,191
Q4: On what atoll is Ebeye located?
A4: Kwajalein Atoll
Q5: What town hosts the largest number of Marshall Islanders outside the Marshall Islands?
A5: Springdale, Arkansas
Most of the residents are Marshallese, who are of Micronesian origin and migrated from Asia several thousand years ago. A minority of Marshallese have some recent Asian ancestry, mainly Japanese. About one-half of the nation's population lives on Majuro, the capital, and Ebeye, a densely populated island. The outer islands are sparsely populated due to lack of employment opportunities and economic development. Life on the outer atolls is generally traditional.

Q1: What is the ethnicity of most Marshall Islands residents?
A1: Marshallese
Q2: From what continent did the Marshallese originate?
A2: Asia
Q3: What fraction of the population lives on Majuro or Ebeye?
A3: one-half
Q4: What recent Asian ancestry do some Marshall Island residents have?
A4: Japanese
Q5: From when did the Marshallese migrate from the Asian continent?
A5: several thousand years ago
Major religious groups in the Republic of the Marshall Islands include the United Church of Christ (formerly Congregational), with 51.5% of the population; the Assemblies of God, 24.2%; the Roman Catholic Church, 8.4%; and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), 8.3%; Also represented are Bukot Nan Jesus (also known as Assembly of God Part Two), 2.2%; Baptist, 1.0%; Seventh-day Adventists, 0.9%; Full Gospel, 0.7%; and the Baha'i Faith, 0.6%; Persons without any religious affiliation account for a very small percentage of the population. There is also a small community of Ahmadiyya Muslims based in Majuro, with the first mosque opening in the capital in September 2012.

Q1: What was the previous name of the United Church of Christ?
A1: Congregational
Q2: What percentage of Marshall Islanders belong to the Assemblies of God?
A2: 24.2%
Q3: What percentage of Marshall Islands residents are Mormons?
A3: 8.3%
Q4: What percentage of Marshall Islanders worship at the Assembly of God Part Two?
A4: 2.2%
Q5: When did the first mosque in Majuro open?
A5: September 2012
The Ministry of Education (Marshall Islands) operates the state schools in the Marshall Islands. There are two tertiary institutions operating in the Marshall Islands, the College of the Marshall Islands and the University of the South Pacific.

Q1: What body operates the state schools in the Marshall Islands?
A1: Ministry of Education (Marshall Islands)
Q2: Along with the University of the South Pacific, what tertiary education institution exists in the Marshall Islands?
A2: College of the Marshall Islands
The Marshall Islands are served by the Marshall Islands International Airport in Majuro, the Bucholz Army Airfield in Kwajalein, and other small airports and airstrips.

Q1: Where is the Marshall Islands International Airport located?
A1: Majuro
Q2: What airfield operates in Kwajalein?
A2: Bucholz Army Airfield
The szlachta ([ˈʂlaxta] ( listen), exonym: Nobility) was a legally privileged noble class with origins in the Kingdom of Poland. It gained considerable institutional privileges between 1333 and 1370 during the reign of King Casimir III the Great.:211 In 1413, following a series of tentative personal unions between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crown Kingdom of Poland, the existing Lithuanian nobility formally joined this class.:211 As the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795) evolved and expanded in territory, its membership grew to include the leaders of Ducal Prussia, Podolian and Ruthenian lands.

Q1: What class was slackta in Poland?
A1: noble class
Q2: Under whos' reign did the szlachta gain institutional privileges?
A2: King Casimir III the Great
Q3: WHich two kingdoms shared tentative personal unions?
A3: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crown Kingdom of Poland
Q4: When did the polish-lithuanian commonwealth thrive?
A4: 1569–1795
Q5: What is one leader from the polish-lithuanian common weaith.
A5: Ducal Prussia
The origins of the szlachta are shrouded in obscurity and mystery and have been the subject of a variety of theories.:207 Traditionally, its members were owners of landed property, often in the form of "manor farms" or so-called folwarks. The nobility negotiated substantial and increasing political and legal privileges for itself throughout its entire history until the decline of the Polish Commonwealth in the late 18th century.

Q1: What is another name for folwarks?
A1: manor farms
Q2: Were the szlachta obscure and mysterious or obvious and proud.
A2: obscurity and mystery
Q3: Around what time was the decline of the polish common wealth.
A3: late 18th century
Q4: WHat did the commonwealth increase before it declined.
A4: political and legal privileges
During the Partitions of Poland from 1772 to 1795, its members began to lose these legal privileges and social status. From that point until 1918, the legal status of the nobility was essentially dependent upon the policies of the three partitioning powers: the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Monarchy. The legal privileges of the szlachta were legally abolished in the Second Polish Republic by the March Constitution of 1921.

Q1: When, during the partitions of Poland, did the szlachta lose legal and social status.
A1: 1772 to 1795
Q2: What was one name of a power that the szlachta was dependent on.
A2: Russian Empire
Q3: When was the March constitution implemented.
A3: 1921
Q4: What did the Mach constitution do?
A4: legal privileges of the szlachta were legally abolished
Q5: In what republic did the szlachta lose their legal privileges.
A5: Second Polish Republic
The notion that all Polish nobles were social equals, regardless of their financial status or offices held, is enshrined in a traditional Polish saying:

Q1: What was the notion for all polish nobles?
A1: social equals
Q2: What ethnic saying is this traditional from?
A2: Polish saying
Q3: Did it matter how much money a person had to polish nobles?
A3: regardless of their financial status
The term szlachta is derived from the Old High German word slahta (modern German Geschlecht), which means "(noble) family", much as many other Polish words pertaining to the nobility derive from German words—e.g., the Polish "rycerz" ("knight", cognate of the German "Ritter") and the Polish "herb" ("coat of arms", from the German "Erbe", "heritage").

Q1: What german word does the term szlachta come from?
A1: slahta
Q2: What does slahta mean?
A2: "(noble) family"
Q3: What is the polish name for knight?
A3: rycerz
Q4: German name for knight?
A4: Ritter
Q5: Where does the word her derive from in german?
A5: Erbe
Poles of the 17th century assumed that "szlachta" came from the German "schlachten" ("to slaughter" or "to butcher"); also suggestive is the German "Schlacht" ("battle"). Early Polish historians thought the term may have derived from the name of the legendary proto-Polish chief, Lech, mentioned in Polish and Czech writings.

Q1: What did the poles of the 17th century think the term szlachta came from?
A1: German "schlachten"
Q2: What does schlachtan mean in german?
A2: ("to slaughter" or "to butcher")
Q3: What German word is also suggestive deriving from  szlachta?
A3: Schlacht
Q4: What does schlacht mean?
A4: battle
Q5: The polish believed szlachta derived from the name of who?
A5: legendary proto-Polish chief, Lech
Some powerful Polish nobles were referred to as "magnates" (Polish singular: "magnat", plural: "magnaci") and "możny" ("magnate", "oligarch"; plural: "możni"); see Magnates of Poland and Lithuania.

Q1: What were some powerful Polish nobles referred too?
A1: magnates
Q2: What is the singular version of magnates?
A2: magnat
Q3: What is another name referring polish nobles?
A3: możny
Q4: What is the plural version of mozny?
A4: możni
Q5: What other country  besides Poland were polish nobles most likely found?
A5: Lithuania
The Polish term "szlachta" designated the formalized, hereditary noble class of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In official Latin documents of the old Commonwealth, hereditary szlachta are referred to as "nobilitas" and are indeed the equivalent in legal status of the English nobility.

Q1: What term designated the noble class of polish Lithuania common wealth?
A1: szlachta
Q2: What are two adjectives that best describe the szlachta?
A2: formalized, hereditary
Q3: Who is referred to as nobilitas?
A3: hereditary szlachta
Q4: What is the legal status of nobilitas?
A4: equivalent in legal status of the English nobility
Today the word szlachta in the Polish language simply translates to "nobility". In its broadest meaning, it can also denote some non-hereditary honorary knighthoods granted today by some European monarchs. Occasionally, 19th-century non-noble landowners were referred to as szlachta by courtesy or error, when they owned manorial estates though they were not noble by birth. In the narrow sense, szlachta denotes the old-Commonwealth nobility.

Q1: What simple word does the term szlachta translate too?
A1: nobility
Q2: What were the non noble land owners referred too as?
A2: szlachta
Q3: Why were the non nobles and nobles referred as the same term?
A3: by courtesy or error
Q4: What does szlachta mainly denote?
A4: old-Commonwealth nobility
In the past, a certain misconception sometimes led to the mistranslation of "szlachta" as "gentry" rather than "nobility".:206 :xvi This mistaken practice began due to the economic status of some szlachta members being inferior to that of the nobility in other European countries (see also Estates of the Realm regarding wealth and nobility). The szlachta included those almost rich and powerful enough to be magnates down to rascals with a noble lineage, no land, no castle, no money, no village, and no peasants.:xvi

Q1: Why did the mistranslation of szlachta come about?
A1: included those almost rich and powerful enough to be magnates down to rascals
Q2: Who was inferior of the other, European countries or szlachta?
A2: szlachta
As some szlachta were poorer than some non-noble gentry, some particularly impoverished szlachta were forced to become tenants of the wealthier gentry. In doing so, however, these szlachta retained all their constitutional prerogatives, as it was not wealth or lifestyle (obtainable by the gentry), but hereditary juridical status, that determined nobility.

Q1: What ultimately determined nobility?
A1: hereditary juridical status
Q2: What were some impoverished szlachta forced to do?
A2: to become tenants of the wealthier gentry.
Q3: Did the tenants of the wealthier genrty lose their nobility?
A3: no
Q4: What was one noble thing the poor szlachta did?
A4: retained all their constitutional prerogatives
The origins of the szlachta, while ancient, have always been considered obscure.:207 As a result, its members often referred to it as odwieczna (perennial).:207 Two popular historic theories of origin forwarded by its members and earlier historians and chroniclers involved descent from the ancient Iranian tribes known as Sarmatians or from Japheth, one of Noah's sons (by contrast, the peasantry were said to be the offspring of another son of Noah, Ham—and hence subject to bondage under the Curse of Ham—and the Jews as the offspring of Shem). Other fanciful theories included its foundation by Julius Caesar, Alexander the Great:207 or regional leaders who had not mixed their bloodlines with those of 'slaves, prisoners, and aliens'.:208

Q1: Have the origins of the szlachta been clear or obscure?
A1: obscure
Q2: What did they use to refer to the origin of szlactha?
A2: odwieczna
Q3: What was one historic theory of the szlachta origins?
A3: descent from the ancient Iranian tribes known as Sarmatians
Q4: What was another regional leader involved in the origins of szlachta?
A4: Alexander the Great
Q5: What was important and unique about regional leaders?
A5: had not mixed their bloodlines with those of 'slaves, prisoners, and aliens
Another theory describes its derivation from a non-Slavic warrior class,:42, 64–66 forming a distinct element known as the Lechici/Lekhi (Lechitów):430 :482 within the ancient Polonic tribal groupings (Indo-European caste systems). This hypothesis states this upper class was not of Slavonic extraction:482 and was of a different origin than the Slavonic peasants (kmiecie; Latin: cmethones):430 :118 over which they ruled.:482 The Szlachta were differentiated from the rural population. The nobleman's sense of distinction led to practices that in later periods would be characterized as racism.:233 The Szlachta were noble in the Aryan sense -- "noble" in contrast to the people over whom they ruled after coming into contact with them.:482 The szlachta traced their descent from Lech/Lekh, who probably founded the Polish kingdom in about the fifth century.:482 Lechia was the name of Poland in antiquity, and the szlachta's own name for themselves was Lechici/Lekhi.:482 An exact counterpart of Szlachta society was the Meerassee system of tenure of southern India—an aristocracy of equality—settled as conquerors among a separate race.:484 The Polish state paralleled the Roman Empire in that full rights of citizenship were limited to the szlachta. The szlachta were a caste, a military caste, as in Hindu society.

Q1: WHat was the name of the distinct element from a nnon-Slavic warrior class?
A1: Lechici/Lekhi (Lechitów):
Q2: In this theory, what was the upper class?
A2: was of a different origin than the Slavonic peasants
Q3: WHen did they find the polish kingdom?
A3: about the fifth century.
Q4: WHat caste system does the hindu society have?
A4: military caste
Q5: Who shares the same caste system as Hindu?
A5: The szlachta
The documentation regarding Raciborz and Albert's tenure is the earliest surviving of the use of the clan name and cry defining the honorable status of Polish knights. The names of knightly genealogiae only came to be associated with heraldic devices later in the Middle Ages and in the early modern period. The Polish clan name and cry ritualized the ius militare, i.e., the power to command an army; and they had been used some time before 1244 to define knightly status. (Górecki 1992, pp. 183–185).

Q1: WHat is the earliest surviving use of the clan name of the polish knights?
A1: documentation regarding Raciborz and Albert's tenure
Q2: WHn did the knightly genealogiae associate with heraldic devices?
A2: Middle Ages and in the early modern period
Q3: The polish anem and cry ritualized what?
A3: the ius militare,
Q4: In 1244 the power to command and army had been used to do what?
A4: define knightly status
Around the 14th century, there was little difference between knights and the szlachta in Poland. Members of the szlachta had the personal obligation to defend the country (pospolite ruszenie), thereby becoming the kingdom's most privileged social class. Inclusion in the class was almost exclusively based on inheritance.

Q1: Around what time were the knights and szlachta very similiar?
A1: Around the 14th century
Q2: What was a personal obligation of the szlachtas?
A2: defend the country
Concerning the early Polish tribes, geography contributed to long-standing traditions. The Polish tribes were internalized and organized around a unifying religious cult, governed by the wiec, an assembly of free tribesmen. Later, when safety required power to be consolidated, an elected prince was chosen to govern. The election privilege was usually limited to elites.

Q1: What contributed to the long standing traditions?
A1: geography
Q2: What was governing the polish tribes?
A2: wiec
Q3: What was the wiec?
A3: an assembly of free tribesmen
Q4: When power needed to be consolidated what was chosen to govern?
A4: an elected prince
Q5: What was the governing position limited to?
A5: elites
The tribes were ruled by clans (ród) consisting of people related by blood or marriage and theoretically descending from a common ancestor, giving the ród/clan a highly developed sense of solidarity. (See gens.) The starosta (or starszyna) had judicial and military power over the ród/clan, although this power was often exercised with an assembly of elders. Strongholds called grόd were built where the religious cult was powerful, where trials were conducted, and where clans gathered in the face of danger. The opole was the territory occupied by a single tribe. (Manteuffel 1982, p. 44)

Q1: What ruled over the tribes?
A1: clans (ród)
Q2: What did the clans people all have in common?
A2: theoretically descending from a common ancestor
Q3: What gave them a sense of solidarity?
A3: related by blood or marriage
Q4: What were stronghold called?
A4: grόd
Q5: What was the territory occupied by a single tribe?
A5: opole
Mieszko I of Poland (c. 935 – 25 May 992) established an elite knightly retinue from within his army, which he depended upon for success in uniting the Lekhitic tribes and preserving the unity of his state. Documented proof exists of Mieszko I's successors utilizing such a retinue, as well.

Q1: WHo established an elite knightly retinue?
A1: Mieszko I of Poland
Q2: How long was Miesko I of Poland reigning?
A2: (c. 935 – 25 May 992)
Q3: Along with uniting the lekhitic tribes what did poland succeed in?
A3: preserving the unity of his state
Q4: Who also established this retinue as well?
A4: Mieszko I's successors
Another class of knights were granted land by the prince, allowing them the economic ability to serve the prince militarily. A Polish nobleman living at the time prior to the 15th century was referred to as a "rycerz", very roughly equivalent to the English "knight," the critical difference being the status of "rycerz" was almost strictly hereditary; the class of all such individuals was known as the "rycerstwo". Representing the wealthier families of Poland and itinerant knights from abroad seeking their fortunes, this other class of rycerstwo, which became the szlachta/nobility ("szlachta" becomes the proper term for Polish nobility beginning about the 15th century), gradually formed apart from Mieszko I's and his successors' elite retinues. This rycerstwo/nobility obtained more privileges granting them favored status. They were absolved from particular burdens and obligations under ducal law, resulting in the belief only rycerstwo (those combining military prowess with high/noble birth) could serve as officials in state administration.

Q1: WHat was a polish nobleman referred to as before the 15th century?
A1: rycerz
Q2: What is roughly the same to the english version of rycerz?
A2: knight
Q3: What people did the rycerstwo class represent?
A3: wealthier families of Poland and itinerant knights from abroad seeking their fortunes
Q4: What positive did the szlachta class receive?
A4: gradually formed apart from Mieszko I's and his successors' elite retinues.
Q5: What did ducal law implement for the rycerstwo/nobility?
A5: could serve as officials in state administration.