romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Other popular names for the format include "Warm", "Sunny", "Bee" (or "B") and (particularly in Canada) "EZ Rock". The format can be seen as a more contemporary successor to and combination of the middle of the road (MOR), beautiful music, easy listening and soft rock formats. Many stations in the soft AC format capitalize on its appeal to office workers (many of them females aged 25–54, a key advertiser demographic), and brand themselves as stations "everyone at work can agree on" (KOST originated that phrase as a primary tagline, and other soft AC stations have followed suit).

Q1: In what country is soft adult contemporary called "EZ Rock"?
A1: Canada
Q2: Along with MOR, easy listening and soft rock, what format is soft adult contemporary a successor to?
A2: beautiful music
Q3: What occupation is stereotypical held by soft adult contemporary listeners?
A3: office workers
Q4: What advertising demographic is soft adult contemporary marketed towards?
A4: females aged 25–54
Q5: What station first introduced the tagline "everyone at work can agree on"?
A5: KOST
A large portion of music played on this format are either considered oldies or recurrent. It often deals with modern romantic and sexual relationships (and sometimes other adult themes such as work, raising children, and family) in a thoughtful and complex way. Soft AC, which has never minded keeping songs in high rotation literally for years in some cases, does not appear necessarily to be facing similar pressures to expand its format. Soft AC includes a larger amount of older music, especially classic R&B, soul, and 1960s and 1970s music, than hot AC.

Q1: Along with romantic and sexual relationships, family and work, what do soft adult contemporary songs sometimes discuss?
A1: raising children
Q2: Music from what two decades is notably featured on the soft AC format?
A2: 1960s and 1970s
Q3: Along with classic R&B, what genre is notably featured on soft AC stations?
A3: soul
Q4: What radio station format is soft AC often contrasted with?
A4: hot AC
The soft AC format may soon be facing the demographic pressures that the jazz and big band formats faced in the 1960s and 1970s and that the oldies format is starting to face today, with the result that one may hear soft AC less on over-the-air radio and more on satellite radio systems in coming years. Much of the music and artists that were traditionally played on soft AC stations have been relegated to the adult standards format, which is itself disappearing because of aging demographics. Some soft AC stations have found a niche by incorporating more oldies into their playlists and are more open to playing softer songs that fit the "traditional" definition of AC.

Q1: What radio station formats faced demographic pressures in the 1960s and 70s?
A1: jazz and big band
Q2: What radio station format is facing demographic pressures in the present day?
A2: oldies
Q3: What radio station format have many of the former soft AC artists moved to?
A3: adult standards
Q4: Certain soft AC stations have found a niche on the radio by doing what?
A4: incorporating more oldies
Q5: Why are adult standards format radio stations declining?
A5: aging demographics
Artists contributing to this format include mainly soft rock/pop singers such as, Andy Williams, Johnny Mathis, Nana Mouskouri, Celine Dion, Julio Iglesias, Frank Sinatra, Barry Manilow, Engelbert Humperdinck, and Marc Anthony.

Q1: Along with Andy Williams, Johnny Mathis, Nana Mouskouri, Celine Dion, Julio Iglesias, Barry Manilow, Engelbert Humperdinck, and Marc Anthony, what notable artist is featured on the soft AC format?
A1: Frank Sinatra
Hot adult contemporary radio stations play a variety of classic hits and contemporary mainstream music aimed at an adult audience. Some Hot AC stations concentrate slightly more on pop music and alternative rock to target the Generation Z audience, though they include the more youth-oriented teen pop, urban and rhythmic dance tracks.

Q1: Along with classic hits, what type of music do hot adult contemporary stations feature?
A1: contemporary mainstream music
Q2: What is the primary audience of hot adult contemporary format stations?
A2: adult
Q3: What demographic do hot AC stations featuring more pop and alternative rock focus on?
A3: Generation Z
Q4: Along with urban and rhythmic dance tracks, what genre is featured on hot AC stations with a younger audience?
A4: teen pop
This format often includes dance-pop (such as upbeat songs by Madonna, Cher, Gloria Estefan and Kylie Minogue), power pops (mainly by boybands such as Backstreet Boys and Westlife), and adult-oriented soft rock music that are ballad-driven (typically by Aerosmith[citation needed], The Eagles, Sting, Toto and The Moody Blues). Generally, Hot AC radio stations target their music output towards the 18-54 age group and a demographic audience of both men and women.

Q1: Madonna, Cher, Gloria Estefan and Kylie Minogue are artists in what genre of music?
A1: dance-pop
Q2: What type of band are Backstreet Boys and Westlife?
A2: boybands
Q3: What genre of music is played by Westlife?
A3: power pops
Q4: What genre of music is played by The Eagles?
A4: soft rock
Q5: What is the target age range of Hot AC stations?
A5: 18-54
Modern adult contemporary can be a variation of hot AC, and includes modern rock titles in its presentation. In 1997, Mike Marino of KMXB in Las Vegas described the format as reaching "an audience that has outgrown the edgier hip-hop or alternative music but hasn't gotten old and sappy enough for the soft ACs." The format's artists included Alanis Morissette, Counting Crows, Gin Blossoms, Bon Jovi, Train, No Doubt, The Script, The Cranberries, Lifehouse, Sarah McLachlan, Sara Bareilles, John Mayer, Jewel, and Ingrid Michaelson. Unlike modern rock, which went after 18-34 men, this format appealed to women.

Q1: What station did Mike Marino work for in 1997?
A1: KMXB
Q2: Where was the radio station KMXB based in 1997?
A2: Las Vegas
Q3: What age demographic is modern rock radio focused on?
A3: 18-34
Q4: What is the sex of the listeners modern rock radio is geared towards?
A4: men
Q5: Unlike modern rock radio, what sex is adult contemporary radio said to appeal to?
A5: women
Urban AC is a form of AC music geared towards adult African-American audiences, and therefore, the artists that are played on these stations are most often black, such as Des'ree, whose album I Ain't Movin' was massively popular amongst both African American audience as well as the wider national audience.

Q1: What age group is Urban AC focused towards?
A1: adult
Q2: What race is the target demographic of Urban AC radio?
A2: African-American
Q3: Who is an example of an artist played on Urban AC format radio stations?
A3: Des'ree
Q4: What is the name of the popular album released by Des'ree?
A4: I Ain't Movin'
Q5: What is the ethnicity of artists commonly played on urban adult contemporary radio?
A5: black
The urban AC stations resemble soft AC rather than hot AC; they play predominantly R&B and soul music with little hip-hop. This is reflected in many of the urban AC radio stations' taglines, such as "Today's R&B and classic soul", "The best variety of R&B hits and oldies" and "(City/Region)'s R&B leader". Urban AC's core artists include Luther Vandross, Trey Songz, Patti LaBelle, Toni Braxton, Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, Frank Ocean, Craig David and Mariah Carey.

Q1: What other adult contemporary radio format is urban AC similar to?
A1: soft AC
Q2: What genre of music is not played frequently on urban AC?
A2: hip-hop
Q3: What two genres of music are popular on urban AC?
A3: R&B and soul music
Q4: Along with Trey Songz, Patti LaBelle, Toni Braxton, Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, Frank Ocean, Craig David and Mariah Carey, who is a well-known urban AC artist?
A4: Luther Vandross
Q5: What adult contemporary radio format is urban AC not similar to?
A5: hot AC
A more elaborate form of urban AC is the rhythmic oldies format, which focuses primarily on "old school" R&B and soul hits from the 1960s to the 1990s, including Motown and disco hits. The format includes soul or disco artists such as ABBA, The Village People, The Jackson 5, Donna Summer, Tina Charles, Gloria Gaynor and the Bee Gees. Rhythmic oldies stations still exist today, but target African-Americans as opposed to a mass audience.

Q1: What radio format is similar to urban AC but features older soul and R&B songs?
A1: rhythmic oldies
Q2: What is the earliest decade of music typically featured on the rhythmic oldies format?
A2: 1960s
Q3: What is the most recent decade music from which music can be heard on a rhythmic oldies station?
A3: 1990s
Q4: What is the target demographic of the rhythmic oldies format?
A4: African-Americans
A format called quiet storm is often included in urban adult contemporary, and is often played during the evening, blending the urban AC and soft AC styles of music. The music that is played is strictly ballads and slow jams, mostly but not limited to Black and Latino artists. Popular artists in the quiet storm format are Teena Marie, Freddie Jackson, Johnny Gill, Lalah Hathaway, Vanessa L. Williams, Toni Braxton, and En Vogue among others.

Q1: What radio format consists of ballads and slow jams?
A1: quiet storm
Q2: What is the name of the radio format that is a mixture of urban and soft adult contemporary?
A2: quiet storm
Q3: At what time of day is the quiet storm format played?
A3: the evening
Q4: What is the typical ethnicity of artists played on quiet storm stations?
A4: Black and Latino
Q5: Along with Freddie Jackson, Johnny Gill, Teena Marie, Lalah Hathaway, Toni Braxton, and En Vogue, what artist is popular on quiet storm stations?
A5: Vanessa L. Williams
Anita Baker, Sade, Regina Belle, and Luther Vandross are other examples of artists who appeal to mainstream AC, urban AC and smooth jazz listeners. Some soft AC and urban AC stations like to play smooth jazz on the weekends. In recent years, the Smooth Jazz format has been renamed to Smooth AC, as an attempt to lure younger listeners.

Q1: Along with urban adult contemporary and smooth jazz, what station format might feature music from Sade?
A1: mainstream AC
Q2: What other format is sometimes played on urban AC stations?
A2: smooth jazz
Q3: When might you hear smooth jazz on a soft AC station?
A3: the weekends
Q4: What is a more recent name for the smooth jazz format?
A4: Smooth AC
Q5: What was the smooth jazz format renamed?
A5: to lure younger listeners
Adult contemporary R&B may be played on both soft AC stations and urban AC. It is a form of neo soul R&B that places emphasis on songcraft and sophistication. As the use of drum machines, synthesizers, and sequencers dominates R&B-rooted music, adult contemporary R&B tends to take most of its cues from the more refined strains of 1970s soul, such as smooth soul, Philly soul and quiet storm. Classic songwriting touches and organic-leaning instrumentation, often featuring string arrangements and horn charts, were constants.

Q1: Along with soft AC, on what station format might adult contemporary R&B be featured?
A1: urban AC
Q2: What features are emphasized in adult contemporary R&B music?
A2: songcraft and sophistication
Q3: Along with smooth soul and quiet storm, what genre influenced adult contemporary R&B?
A3: Philly soul
Q4: During what decade was smooth soul popular?
A4: 1970s
Q5: Along with drum machines and synthesizers, what electronic instruments are often found in modern R&B-based music?
A5: sequencers
In the 1980s, lush jazz-R&B fusion (George Benson, Patti Austin, Al Jarreau) and stylish crossover R&B (Anita Baker and Luther Vandross, New Edition and Keith Sweat) were equally successful within the mainstream. In the 1990s and early 2000s (decade), artists as sonically contrasting as R. Kelly, Leona Lewis (mainly ballads) and Jill Scott both fit the bill, provided the audience for the material was mature. By riding and contributing to nearly all of the trends, no one has exemplified the style more than Babyface, whose career thrived over 20 years as a member of the Deele (Two Occasions), a solo artist (Whip Appeal, When Can I See You), and a songwriter/producer (Toni Braxton's Breathe Again, Boyz II Men's I'll Make Love to You).

Q1: What genre of music did Patti Austin perform?
A1: jazz-R&B fusion
Q2: Of what genre was the musician Keith Sweat?
A2: crossover R&B
Q3: During what decade were musicians like Al Jarreau and Luther Vandross notably successful?
A3: 1980s
Q4: What type of songs was Leona Lewis known for?
A4: ballads
Q5: Who wrote Boyz II Men's I'll Make Love to You?
A5: Babyface
Contemporary Christian music (CCM) has several subgenres, one being "Christian AC". Radio & Records, for instance, lists Christian AC among its format charts. There has been crossover to mainstream and hot AC formats by many of the core artists of the Christian AC genre, notably Amy Grant, Michael W. Smith, Kathy Troccoli, Steven Curtis Chapman, Plumb, and more recently, MercyMe.

Q1: What is CCM an acronym of?
A1: Contemporary Christian music
Q2: What genre of music is performed by MercyMe?
A2: Christian AC
Q3: What publication includes Christian AC with its format charts?
A3: Radio & Records
Q4: Along with mainstream AC, what format has also featured Christian AC artists on a crossover basis?
A4: hot AC
In recent years it has become common for many AC stations, particularly soft AC stations, to play primarily or exclusively Christmas music during the Christmas season in November and December. While these tend mostly to be contemporary seasonal recordings by the same few artists featured under the normal format, most stations will also air some vintage holiday tunes from older pop, MOR, and adult standards artists – such as Nat King Cole, Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, The Carpenters, Percy Faith, Johnny Mathis and Andy Williams – many of whom would never be played on these stations during the rest of the year.

Q1: What AC format is especially known for playing Christmas music in the Christmas season?
A1: soft AC
Q2: During what two months does the Christmas season take place?
A2: November and December
Q3: Along with Bing Crosby, Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, The Carpenters, Percy Faith and Andy Williams, who is an artist played on AC stations around Christmastime but not otherwise?
A3: Johnny Mathis
These Christmas music marathons typically start during the week before Thanksgiving Day and end after Christmas Day, or sometimes extending to New Year's Day. Afterwards, the stations usually resume their normal music fare. Several stations begin the holiday format much earlier, at the beginning of November. The roots of this tradition can be traced back to the beautiful music and easy listening stations of the 1960s and 1970s.

Q1: When does Christmas music on AC format stations usually begin?
A1: the week before Thanksgiving Day
Q2: When is the earlier of the two times that Christmas music on adult contemporary stations typically ends?
A2: after Christmas Day
Q3: When is the later of the two times that Christmas music on adult contemporary stations usually ends?
A3: New Year's Day
Q4: When is the earliest an AC station will switch to a Christmas format?
A4: the beginning of November
Q5: What two formats pioneered the Christmas music tradition in the 1960s?
A5: beautiful music and easy listening
Before the 20th century, the term matter included ordinary matter composed of atoms and excluded other energy phenomena such as light or sound. This concept of matter may be generalized from atoms to include any objects having mass even when at rest, but this is ill-defined because an object's mass can arise from its (possibly massless) constituents' motion and interaction energies. Thus, matter does not have a universal definition, nor is it a fundamental concept in physics today. Matter is also used loosely as a general term for the substance that makes up all observable physical objects.

Q1: In what century was the term matter defined excluding energy phenomena like light and sound?
A1: 20th
Q2: What term is used for the substance that composes all observable physical objects?
A2: matter
Q3: The mass of an object can come from the motion of its constituents or what other source?
A3: interaction energies
Q4: What term is used to describe the type of definition that matter would have if all scientists could agree on its definition?
A4: universal
Q5: Prior to the 20th century, the definition of matter included any object that had mass even when it was in what state?
A5: at rest
All the objects from everyday life that we can bump into, touch or squeeze are composed of atoms. This atomic matter is in turn made up of interacting subatomic particles—usually a nucleus of protons and neutrons, and a cloud of orbiting electrons. Typically, science considers these composite particles matter because they have both rest mass and volume. By contrast, massless particles, such as photons, are not considered matter, because they have neither rest mass nor volume. However, not all particles with rest mass have a classical volume, since fundamental particles such as quarks and leptons (sometimes equated with matter) are considered "point particles" with no effective size or volume. Nevertheless, quarks and leptons together make up "ordinary matter", and their interactions contribute to the effective volume of the composite particles that make up ordinary matter.

Q1: What kind of particles make up every object in the world that can be touched?
A1: atoms
Q2: The smaller particles that make up atoms, like protons and neutrons, are what kind of particles?
A2: subatomic
Q3: What subatomic particle has no volume or rest mass?
A3: photons
Q4: What  kind of particles are quarks and leptons?
A4: point particles
Q5: Despite not having size or volume themselves, quarks and leptons contribute to what measure of composite particles in matter?
A5: volume
Matter commonly exists in four states (or phases): solid, liquid and gas, and plasma. However, advances in experimental techniques have revealed other previously theoretical phases, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and fermionic condensates. A focus on an elementary-particle view of matter also leads to new phases of matter, such as the quark–gluon plasma. For much of the history of the natural sciences people have contemplated the exact nature of matter. The idea that matter was built of discrete building blocks, the so-called particulate theory of matter, was first put forward by the Greek philosophers Leucippus (~490 BC) and Democritus (~470–380 BC).

Q1: How many phases of matter are there?
A1: four
Q2: What new phase of matter can be considered with a focus on elementary particles?
A2: quark–gluon plasma
Q3: What is the theory that matter is made up of discrete building blocks called?
A3: particulate theory of matter
Q4: What colleague of Democritus, also a Greek philosopher, helped him propose the particulate theory of matter?
A4: Leucippus
Q5: People have been wondering about the nature of matter for the entire history of what branch of science?
A5: natural sciences
Matter should not be confused with mass, as the two are not quite the same in modern physics. For example, mass is a conserved quantity, which means that its value is unchanging through time, within closed systems. However, matter is not conserved in such systems, although this is not obvious in ordinary conditions on Earth, where matter is approximately conserved. Still, special relativity shows that matter may disappear by conversion into energy, even inside closed systems, and it can also be created from energy, within such systems. However, because mass (like energy) can neither be created nor destroyed, the quantity of mass and the quantity of energy remain the same during a transformation of matter (which represents a certain amount of energy) into non-material (i.e., non-matter) energy. This is also true in the reverse transformation of energy into matter.

Q1: What similar term is often used interchangeably with matter, although the two differ slightly in modern physics?
A1: mass
Q2: Being a conserved quantity means that the value of mass doesn't ever change as long as it's in what kind of system?
A2: closed
Q3: Special relativity says matter can disappear by conversion into what state?
A3: energy
Q4: What planet isn't a closed system but sometimes appears to be because of the approximate conservation of matter?
A4: Earth
Different fields of science use the term matter in different, and sometimes incompatible, ways. Some of these ways are based on loose historical meanings, from a time when there was no reason to distinguish mass and matter. As such, there is no single universally agreed scientific meaning of the word "matter". Scientifically, the term "mass" is well-defined, but "matter" is not. Sometimes in the field of physics "matter" is simply equated with particles that exhibit rest mass (i.e., that cannot travel at the speed of light), such as quarks and leptons. However, in both physics and chemistry, matter exhibits both wave-like and particle-like properties, the so-called wave–particle duality.

Q1: What term does science not have a universally-accepted scientific definition for?
A1: matter
Q2: Sometimes scientific terms were historically considered in ways we know now aren't compatible because scientists didn't need to distinguish matter from what other term?
A2: mass
Q3: What word do physicists sometimes consider to be defined as particles exhibiting rest mass?
A3: matter
Q4: What duality describes the conflicting properties of matter in the fields of chemistry and physics?
A4: wave–particle duality
Q5: Quarks and leptons are sometimes considered matter because they can't travel at what speed?
A5: the speed of light
Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England "Royal Peculiar"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church.

Q1: What was Westminster Abbey's original name?
A1: Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster
Q2: What style architecture is the Westminster Abbey considered?
A2: Gothic
Q3: In what city is Westminster Abbey located?
A3: City of Westminster, London
Q4: In what years was the Abbey considered a cathedral?
A4: Between 1540 and 1556
Q5: What type of building is the Abbey now considered?
A5: Royal Peculiar
Q6: What is the formal name of Westminster Abbey?
A6: the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster
Q7: Where is Westminster Abbey located?
A7: City of Westminster, London
Q8: When was Westminster Abbey a cathedral?
A8: Between 1540 and 1556
Q9: What has been the status of Westminster Abbey since 1560?
A9: Church of England "Royal Peculiar"
According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III.

Q1: What year did the construction of the church begin?
A1: 1245
Q2: Who commissioned the Abbey to be built?
A2: King Henry III
Q3: What was the area previously named?
A3: Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)
Q4: In what century was the church established at the location?
A4: 7th century
Q5: Who was the Bishop in this time frame?
A5: Mellitus, a Bishop of London
Q6: What is the meaning of Thorn Ey?
A6: Thorn Island
Q7: When was a church first founded at the site?
A7: 7th century
Q8: Who was Mellitus?
A8: a Bishop of London
Q9: When was construction of the present church started?
A9: 1245
Q10: Who ordered the construction of the church?
A10: King Henry III