romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
These patterns of discrimination against non-whites have led some academic and other activists to advocate for use of the Portuguese term negro to encompass all African-descended people, in order to stimulate a "black" consciousness and identity. This proposal has been criticized since the term pardo is considered to include a wide range of multiracial people, such as caboclos (mestizos), assimilated Amerindians and tri-racials, not only people of partial African and European descent. Trying to identify this entire group as "black" would be a false imposition of a different identity from outside the culture and deny people their other, equally valid, ancestries and cultures. It seems a one-drop rule in reverse.

Q1: What would scholars like the term "Negro" to include?
A1: all African-descended people
Q2: What does this aim to stimulate?
A2: a "black" consciousness and identity.
Q3: What does the term "pardo" include?
A3: a wide range of multiracial people
Q4: What does caboclos mean?
A4: mestizos
The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London. It began in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register and became The Times on 1 January 1788. The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times (founded in 1821) are published by Times Newspapers, since 1981 a subsidiary of News UK, itself wholly owned by the News Corp group headed by Rupert Murdoch. The Times and The Sunday Times do not share editorial staff, were founded independently and have only had common ownership since 1967.

Q1: The Times is based in what major British city?
A1: London
Q2: What year did the initial incarnation of The Times start?
A2: 1785
Q3: What was the original name of The Times before changing its name?
A3: The Daily Universal Register
Q4: The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times are published by what company?
A4: Times Newspapers
Q5: The Times, owned by News UK, is itself owned by what major corporation?
A5: News Corp group
Q6: The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times are published by what company?
A6: Times Newspapers
Q7: What year did The Times change its name from The Daily Universal Register?
A7: 1788
Q8: What year did The Daily Universal Register initially start?
A8: 1785
The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, including The Times of India (founded in 1838), The Straits Times (Singapore) (1845), The New York Times (1851), The Irish Times (1859), Le Temps (France) (1861-1942), the Cape Times (South Africa) (1872), the Los Angeles Times (1881), The Seattle Times (1891), The Manila Times (1898), The Daily Times (Malawi) (1900), El Tiempo (Colombia) (1911), The Canberra Times (1926), and The Times (Malta) (1935). In these countries, the newspaper is often referred to as The London Times or The Times of London.

Q1: What year did The Times of India start?
A1: 1838
Q2: What year did The Strait Times (Singapore) start?
A2: 1845
Q3: What year did The New York Times start?
A3: 1851
Q4: What year did the Irish Times start?
A4: 1859
Q5: What year did the Cape Times (South Africa) start?
A5: 1872
The Times is the originator of the widely used Times Roman typeface, originally developed by Stanley Morison of The Times in collaboration with the Monotype Corporation for its legibility in low-tech printing. In November 2006 The Times began printing headlines in a new font, Times Modern. The Times was printed in broadsheet format for 219 years, but switched to compact size in 2004 in an attempt to appeal more to younger readers and commuters using public transport. The Sunday Times remains a broadsheet.

Q1: What major typeface font was started by The Times?
A1: Times Roman
Q2: Who was the creator of typeface font used by The Times?
A2: Stanley Morison
Q3: In November 2006, The Times changed its font to what new font typeface?
A3: Times Modern
Q4: How long was The Times printed in broadsheet format?
A4: 219 years
Q5: In what year did The Times change its broadsheet format to a compact size?
A5: 2004
Though traditionally a moderate newspaper and sometimes a supporter of the Conservative Party, it supported the Labour Party in the 2001 and 2005 general elections. In 2004, according to MORI, the voting intentions of its readership were 40% for the Conservative Party, 29% for the Liberal Democrats, and 26% for Labour. The Times had an average daily circulation of 394,448 in March 2014; in the same period, The Sunday Times had an average daily circulation of 839,077. An American edition of The Times has been published since 6 June 2006. It has been heavily used by scholars and researchers because of its widespread availability in libraries and its detailed index. A complete historical file of the digitized paper is online from Gage Cengage publisher.

Q1: Traditionally, what political spectrum did The Times support?
A1: moderate
Q2: What party did The Times support in 2001 and 2005 general elections?
A2: Labour Party
Q3: In March 2014, The Times had an average daily circulation of how many people?
A3: 394,448
Q4: The complete historical file of the digitized paper of The Times is online and published by what publisher?
A4: Gage Cengage
Q5: What political party has the highest readership of The Times?
A5: Conservative Party
The Times was founded by publisher John Walter on 1 January 1785 as The Daily Universal Register, with Walter in the role of editor. Walter had lost his job by the end of 1784 after the insurance company where he was working went bankrupt because of the complaints of a Jamaican hurricane. Being unemployed, Walter decided to set a new business up. It was in that time when Henry Johnson invented the logography, a new typography that was faster and more precise (three years later, it was proved that it was not as efficient as had been said). Walter bought the logography's patent and to use it, he decided to open a printing house, where he would daily produce an advertising sheet. The first publication of the newspaper The Daily Universal Register in Great Britain was 1 January 1785. Unhappy because people always omitted the word Universal, Ellias changed the title after 940 editions on 1 January 1788 to The Times. In 1803, Walter handed ownership and editorship to his son of the same name. Walter Sr had spent sixteen months in Newgate Prison for libel printed in The Times, but his pioneering efforts to obtain Continental news, especially from France, helped build the paper's reputation among policy makers and financiers.

Q1: The Times was founded by what publisher who also was the editor?
A1: John Walter
Q2: The Times was known as what name before it became The Times?
A2: The Daily Universal Register
Q3: What year was the very first publication of The Times?
A3: 1785
Q4: The first publisher and editor of The Times when to prison for what crime when printed in his newspaper?
A4: libel
Q5: Before the newspaper changed its name to The Times, how many editions were printed?
A5: 940
The Times used contributions from significant figures in the fields of politics, science, literature, and the arts to build its reputation. For much of its early life, the profits of The Times were very large and the competition minimal, so it could pay far better than its rivals for information or writers. Beginning in 1814, the paper was printed on the new steam-driven cylinder press developed by Friedrich Koenig. In 1815, The Times had a circulation of 5,000.

Q1: In 1815, The Times had a circulation of how many people?
A1: 5,000
Q2: Beginning in 1814, The Times was printed using what new kind of press?
A2: steam-driven cylinder press
Q3: The Times used contributions from significant figures to build what?
A3: reputation
Q4: Who developed the new press type in 1814 for The Times?
A4: Friedrich Koenig
Thomas Barnes was appointed general editor in 1817. In the same year, the paper's printer James Lawson, died and passed the business onto his son John Joseph Lawson(1802–1852). Under the editorship of Barnes and his successor in 1841, John Thadeus Delane, the influence of The Times rose to great heights, especially in politics and amongst the City of London. Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling were two noted journalists, and gained for The Times the pompous/satirical nickname 'The Thunderer' (from "We thundered out the other day an article on social and political reform."). The increased circulation and influence of the paper was based in part to its early adoption of the steam-driven rotary printing press. Distribution via steam trains to rapidly growing concentrations of urban populations helped ensure the profitability of the paper and its growing influence.

Q1: Who was appointed general editor for The Times in 1817?
A1: Thomas Barnes
Q2: In 1817, The Times paper's printer James Lawson passed his business to which family member?
A2: his son
Q3: Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling, two noted The Times journalists, gained what nickname for themselves?
A3: The Thunderer
Q4: What kind of printing press helped increase the circulation and influence of The Times back in 1817?
A4: steam-driven rotary printing press
Q5: Who succeeded Thomas Barnes as editor of The Times in 1841?
A5: John Thadeus Delane
The Times was the first newspaper to send war correspondents to cover particular conflicts. W. H. Russell, the paper's correspondent with the army in the Crimean War, was immensely influential with his dispatches back to England.

Q1: The Times was the first newspaper to send correspondents to what kind of event?
A1: war
Q2: Who was The Times first correspondent with an army?
A2: W. H. Russell
Q3: Which war did The Times first cover using correspondents?
A3: Crimean War
In other events of the nineteenth century, The Times opposed the repeal of the Corn Laws until the number of demonstrations convinced the editorial board otherwise, and only reluctantly supported aid to victims of the Irish Potato Famine. It enthusiastically supported the Great Reform Bill of 1832, which reduced corruption and increased the electorate from 400,000 people to 800,000 people (still a small minority of the population). During the American Civil War, The Times represented the view of the wealthy classes, favouring the secessionists, but it was not a supporter of slavery.

Q1: What major event did The Times reluctantly support in the nineteenth century despite being initially opposed?
A1: Irish Potato Famine
Q2: The Times greatly supported what bill in 1832 which reduced corruption and increased the electorate?
A2: Great Reform Bill of 1832
Q3: Many demonstrations in the nineteenth century convinced The Times editorial board to finally support the repeal of what laws?
A3: Corn Laws
Q4: During the American Civil War, what classes of people did The Times support?
A4: wealthy classes
Q5: The Times favoured which political side of the American Civil War?
A5: the secessionists
The third John Walter, the founder's grandson, succeeded his father in 1847. The paper continued as more or less independent, but from the 1850s The Times was beginning to suffer from the rise in competition from the penny press, notably The Daily Telegraph and The Morning Post.

Q1: What year did the founder's grandson succeed his father as editor of The Times?
A1: 1847
Q2: What is the name of the The Times founder's grandson who succeeded his father as editor?
A2: John Walter
Q3: In the 1850s, the Times was beginning to suffer from the rise in competition from what kind of press?
A3: the penny press
During the 19th century, it was not infrequent for the Foreign Office to approach The Times and ask for continental intelligence, which was often superior to that conveyed by official sources.[citation needed]

Q1: Which agency often used The Times for continental intelligence?
A1: the Foreign Office
Q2: Which century was The Times first often relied upon for continental intelligence?
A2: 19th century
Q3: Continental intelligence conveyed by The Times was often superior to what?
A3: official sources
The Times faced financial extinction in 1890 under Arthur Fraser Walter, but it was rescued by an energetic editor, Charles Frederic Moberly Bell. During his tenure (1890–1911), The Times became associated with selling the Encyclopædia Britannica using aggressive American marketing methods introduced by Horace Everett Hooper and his advertising executive, Henry Haxton. Due to legal fights between the Britannica's two owners, Hooper and Walter Montgomery Jackson, The Times severed its connection in 1908 and was bought by pioneering newspaper magnate, Alfred Harmsworth, later Lord Northcliffe.

Q1: Which editor nearly ruined The Times in 1890?
A1: Arthur Fraser Walter
Q2: Which energetic editor rescued The Times from financial collapse in 1890?
A2: Charles Frederic Moberly Bell
Q3: Which encyclopedia was The Times aggressively selling to American markets?
A3: Britannica
Q4: Who was the creator of the encyclopedia that The Times was known for selling to America?
A4: Horace Everett Hooper
Q5: Who later bought the well-known encyclopedia from The Times in 1908?
A5: Alfred Harmsworth
In editorials published on 29 and 31 July 1914, Wickham Steed, the Times's Chief Editor, argued that the British Empire should enter World War I. On 8 May 1920, also under the editorship of Steed, The Times in an editorial endorsed the anti-Semitic fabrication The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion as a genuine document, and called Jews the world's greatest danger. In the leader entitled "The Jewish Peril, a Disturbing Pamphlet: Call for Inquiry", Steed wrote about The Protocols of the Elders of Zion:

Q1: Who was The Times' Chief Editor in 1914?
A1: Wickham Steed
Q2: The Chief Editor of The Times in 1914 argued that the British Empire should enter what war?
A2: World War I
Q3: What anti-Semitic fabrication did The Times endorse in 1920?
A3: The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion
Q4: After publishing anti-Semitic editorials in 1920, what did The Times refer to Jews as being?
A4: the world's greatest danger
Q5: What was the name of the anti-Semitic article that The Time's Chief Editor published in 1914?
A5: The Jewish Peril, a Disturbing Pamphlet: Call for Inquiry
The following year, when Philip Graves, the Constantinople (modern Istanbul) correspondent of The Times, exposed The Protocols as a forgery, The Times retracted the editorial of the previous year.

Q1: A Constantinople correspondent of The Times exposed what anti-Semitic document as a forgery?
A1: The Protocols
Q2: Who was the name of the The Times Constantinople correspondent who exposed the anti-Semitic document as a forgery?
A2: Philip Graves
Q3: How did The Times respond to the exposing of anti-Semitic documents as forgery?
A3: retracted the editorial
In 1922, John Jacob Astor, son of the 1st Viscount Astor, bought The Times from the Northcliffe estate. The paper gained a measure of notoriety in the 1930s with its advocacy of German appeasement; then-editor Geoffrey Dawson was closely allied with those in the government who practised appeasement, most notably Neville Chamberlain.

Q1: In 1922, who bought The Times?
A1: John Jacob Astor
Q2: In 1922, which estate sold The Times?
A2: Northcliffe estate
Q3: The Times gained much notoriety in the 1930s because of its advocacy of what?
A3: German appeasement
Q4: Which The Times editor was closely allied with the government who practised German appeasement?
A4: Geoffrey Dawson
Q5: Which notable government official did The Times ally with in the 1930s whom practised German appeasement?
A5: Neville Chamberlain
Kim Philby, a Soviet double agent, was a correspondent for the newspaper in Spain during the Spanish Civil War of the late 1930s. Philby was admired for his courage in obtaining high-quality reporting from the front lines of the bloody conflict. He later joined MI6 during World War II, was promoted into senior positions after the war ended, then eventually defected to the Soviet Union in 1963.

Q1: Who was the name of the Soviet double agent who was the correspondent for The Times in Spain in the late 1930s?
A1: Kim Philby
Q2: A Soviet double agent working for The Times in Spain was a war correspondent during what war in the late 1930s?
A2: Spanish Civil War
Q3: During World War II, the Soviet double agent who was corresponding for The Times in Spain in the 1930s later joined what agency?
A3: MI6
Q4: In 1963, a notable double agent providing valuable and high-quality reporting for The Times during a war in the late 1930s eventually defected to which country?
A4: Soviet Union
Between 1941 and 1946, the left-wing British historian E.H. Carr was Assistant Editor. Carr was well known for the strongly pro-Soviet tone of his editorials. In December 1944, when fighting broke out in Athens between the Greek Communist ELAS and the British Army, Carr in a Times editorial sided with the Communists, leading Winston Churchill to condemn him and that leader in a speech to the House of Commons. As a result of Carr's editorial, The Times became popularly known during that stage of World War II as the threepenny Daily Worker (the price of the Daily Worker being one penny).

Q1: Between 1941 and 1946, which left-wing British historian was Assistant Editor for The Times?
A1: E.H. Carr
Q2: The Assistant Editor of The Times in 1941-1946 strongly supported what stance?
A2: pro-Soviet
Q3: Which side did The Times support in the fighting that broke out in Athens in 1944?
A3: Communists
Q4: Which major political figure condemned The Times in 1944 for not supporting the British Army?
A4: Winston Churchill
Q5: During World War II, The Times was nicknamed what in 1944?
A5: the threepenny Daily Worker
On 3 May 1966 it resumed printing news on the front page - previously the front page featured small advertisements, usually of interest to the moneyed classes in British society. In 1967, members of the Astor family sold the paper to Canadian publishing magnate Roy Thomson. His Thomson Corporation brought it under the same ownership as The Sunday Times to form Times Newspapers Limited.

Q1: In what year did The Times resume printing news on the front page instead of small advertisements?
A1: 1966
Q2: In 1967, what well-known family sold The Times to a Canadian publishing magnate?
A2: Astor family
Q3: In 1967, which Canadian publishing magnate bought The Times?
A3: Roy Thomson
Q4: What is the name of the corporation that bought The Times in 1967?
A4: Thomson Corporation
Q5: Which other newspaper was brought under the same ownership as The Times in 1967 to form Times Newspapers Limited?
A5: The Sunday Times
The Thomson Corporation management were struggling to run the business due to the 1979 Energy Crisis and union demands. Management were left with no choice but to find a buyer who was in a position to guarantee the survival of both titles, and also one who had the resources and was committed to funding the introduction of modern printing methods.

Q1: In 1979, which corporation was struggling to run The Times?
A1: Thomson Corporation
Q2: What crisis in 1979 caused near ruin to The Times?
A2: 1979 Energy Crisis
Q3: What kind of demands were causing ruin to The Times in 1979?
A3: union demands
Several suitors appeared, including Robert Maxwell, Tiny Rowland and Lord Rothermere; however, only one buyer was in a position to meet the full Thomson remit, Australian media magnate Rupert Murdoch. Robert Holmes à Court, another Australian magnate had previously tried to buy The Times in 1980.

Q1: A media magnate from which country bought The Times in the 1980s?
A1: Australian
Q2: What is the name of the media magnate that bought The Times in the 1980s?
A2: Rupert Murdoch
Q3: Who did a media magnate in the 1980s buy The Times from?
A3: Thomson
In 1981, The Times and The Sunday Times were bought from Thomson by Rupert Murdoch's News International. The acquisition followed three weeks of intensive bargaining with the unions by company negotiators, John Collier and Bill O'Neill.

Q1: What corporation bought The Times in 1981?
A1: News International
Q2: Who owned the major corporation that bought The Times in 1981?
A2: Rupert Murdoch
Q3: During the acquisition of The Times in 1981, John Collier and Bill O'Neill were part of what group that did three weeks of intensive bargaining?
A3: the unions
After 14 years as editor, William Rees-Mogg resigned the post upon completion of the change of ownership. Murdoch began to make his mark on the paper by appointing Harold Evans as his replacement. One of his most important changes was the introduction of new technology and efficiency measures. In March–May 1982, following agreement with print unions, the hot-metal Linotype printing process used to print The Times since the 19th century was phased out and replaced by computer input and photo-composition. This allowed print room staff at The Times and The Sunday Times to be reduced by half. However, direct input of text by journalists ("single stroke" input) was still not achieved, and this was to remain an interim measure until the Wapping dispute of 1986, when The Times moved from New Printing House Square in Gray's Inn Road (near Fleet Street) to new offices in Wapping.

Q1: When The Times was bought in 1982, who resigned as editor?
A1: William Rees-Mogg
Q2: How many years as an editor was editor who resigned from The Times in 1982?
A2: 14 years
Q3: In 1982, what is the name of the editor who replaced the previous editor of The Times?
A3: Harold Evans
Q4: What printing process for The Times was replaced by computers in 1982?
A4: hot-metal Linotype printing process
Q5: In 1982, the allowed print room staff at The Times and The Sunday Times was reduced by how much?
A5: half
Robert Fisk, seven times British International Journalist of the Year, resigned as foreign correspondent in 1988 over what he saw as "political censorship" of his article on the shooting-down of Iran Air Flight 655 in July 1988. He wrote in detail about his reasons for resigning from the paper due to meddling with his stories, and the paper's pro-Israel stance.

Q1: Which major journalist resigned as foreign correspondent of the Times in 1988?
A1: Robert Fisk
Q2: The foreign correspondent who resigned from The Times in 1988 won how many major journalism awards?
A2: seven
Q3: The foreign correspondent for The Times who resigned in 1988, resigned for what reason?
A3: political censorship
Q4: What airplane was shot down in July 1988 that a famous foreign correspondent from The Times wrote an article about that later lead to his resignation?
A4: Iran Air Flight 655
Q5: What stance did The Times take that cause a famous foreign correspondent to resign in 1988?
A5: pro-Israel stance
In June 1990, The Times ceased its policy of using courtesy titles ("Mr", "Mrs", or "Miss" prefixes) for living persons before full names on first reference, but it continues to use them before surnames on subsequent references. The more formal style is now confined to the "Court and Social" page, though "Ms" is now acceptable in that section, as well as before surnames in news sections.

Q1: In what year did The Times ceased its policy of using courtesy titles for living persons before full names on first reference?
A1: 1990
Q2: What kind of style is now confined to the "Court and Social" page of The Times when referring to the use of courtesy titles?
A2: formal style
Q3: When The Times ceased its policy of using courtesy titles, it continued to use them for what kind of name on references after the first?
A3: surnames
In November 2003, News International began producing the newspaper in both broadsheet and tabloid sizes. On 13 September 2004, the weekday broadsheet was withdrawn from sale in Northern Ireland. Since 1 November 2004, the paper has been printed solely in tabloid format.

Q1: In what year did News International begin producing The Times in both broadsheet in tabloid sizes?
A1: 2003
Q2: When The Times began producing its newpaper in both broadsheet and tabloid sizes, which region did The Times withdraw its broadsheet from sale?
A2: Northern Ireland
Q3: The Times is printed solely in what format since 2004?
A3: tabloid format