romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
US troops participated in a UN peacekeeping mission in Somalia beginning in 1992. By 1993 the US troops were augmented with Rangers and special forces with the aim of capturing warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid, whose forces had massacred peacekeepers from Pakistan. During a raid in downtown Mogadishu, US troops became trapped overnight by a general uprising in the Battle of Mogadishu. Eighteen American soldiers were killed, and a US television crew filmed graphic images of the body of one soldier being dragged through the streets by an angry mob. Somali guerrillas paid a staggering toll at an estimated 1,000–5,000 total casualties during the conflict. After much public disapproval, American forces were quickly withdrawn by President Bill Clinton. The incident profoundly affected US thinking about peacekeeping and intervention. The book Black Hawk Down was written about the battle, and was the basis for the later movie of the same name.

Q1: In what African country did US troops participate in peacekeeping operations?
A1: Somalia
Q2: What was the name of the Somalian warlord who directed massacres of peacekeeping troops?
A2: Mohamed Farrah Aidid
Q3: In what Somalian city did American troops become trapped?
A3: Mogadishu
Q4: How many US soldiers were killed in the battle of Mogadishu?
A4: Eighteen
Q5: What is the title of the book and movie about the Mogadishu uprising?
A5: Black Hawk Down
In January 2002, the U.S. sent more than 1,200 troops (later raised to 2,000) to assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in combating terrorist groups linked to al-Qaida, such as Abu Sayyaf, under Operation Enduring Freedom - Philippines. Operations have taken place mostly in the Sulu Archipelago, where terrorists and other groups are active. The majority of troops provide logistics. However, there are special forces troops that are training and assisting in combat operations against the terrorist groups.

Q1: When did the US send troops to the Philippines to battle terrorists?
A1: January 2002
Q2: Terrorists in the Philippines were linked to what larger terrorist organization?
A2: al-Qaida
Q3: Where did anti-terrorist fighting take place?
A3: the Sulu Archipelago
Q4: How many troops did the US initially send to the Philippines?
A4: 1,200
Q5: What was the name of the Philippine terrorist group the US was sent to help combat?
A5: Abu Sayyaf
The British, for their part, lacked both a unified command and a clear strategy for winning. With the use of the Royal Navy, the British were able to capture coastal cities, but control of the countryside eluded them. A British sortie from Canada in 1777 ended with the disastrous surrender of a British army at Saratoga. With the coming in 1777 of General von Steuben, the training and discipline along Prussian lines began, and the Continental Army began to evolve into a modern force. France and Spain then entered the war against Great Britain as Allies of the US, ending its naval advantage and escalating the conflict into a world war. The Netherlands later joined France, and the British were outnumbered on land and sea in a world war, as they had no major allies apart from Indian tribes.

Q1: What battle ended a British invasion from Canada in the Revolutionary War?
A1: Saratoga
Q2: When was the battle of Saratoga fought?
A2: 1777
Q3: What Prussian expatriate helped train the Continental army?
A3: General von Steuben
Q4: What two European countries entered the Revolutionary War against Britain?
A4: France and Spain
Q5: What advantage did Britain lose when the European countries entered the war?
A5: its naval advantage
When revolutionary France declared war on Great Britain in 1793, the United States sought to remain neutral, but the Jay Treaty, which was favorable to Great Britain, angered the French government, which viewed it as a violation of the 1778 Treaty of Alliance. French privateers began to seize U.S. vessels, which led to an undeclared "Quasi-War" between the two nations. Fought at sea from 1798 to 1800, the United States won a string of victories in the Caribbean. George Washington was called out of retirement to head a "provisional army" in case of invasion by France, but President John Adams managed to negotiate a truce, in which France agreed to terminate the prior alliance and cease its attacks.

Q1: What was the US policy when France declared war on England in 1793?
A1: to remain neutral
Q2: What treaty with England conflicted with the United States' Treaty of Alliance with France?
A2: the Jay Treaty
Q3: Where did US ships and French privateers fight between 1798 and 1800?
A3: the Caribbean
Q4: What US President negotiated a truce with France to end the undeclared war at sea?
A4: John Adams
Q5: When was the Treaty of Alliance with France signed?
A5: 1778
In the Treaty of Paris after the Revolution, the British had ceded the lands between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River to the United States, without consulting the Shawnee, Cherokee, Choctaw and other smaller tribes who lived there. Because many of the tribes had fought as allies of the British, the United States compelled tribal leaders to sign away lands in postwar treaties, and began dividing these lands for settlement. This provoked a war in the Northwest Territory in which the U.S. forces performed poorly; the Battle of the Wabash in 1791 was the most severe defeat ever suffered by the United States at the hands of American Indians. President Washington dispatched a newly trained army to the region, which decisively defeated the Indian confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794.

Q1: What treaty ceded territory to the US extending west to the Mississippi River?
A1: Treaty of Paris
Q2: What three major tribes occupied these formerly British territories?
A2: Shawnee, Cherokee, Choctaw
Q3: When was the Battle of Wabash fought?
A3: 1791
Q4: What was the decisive battle in the Northwest territories against the native population there?
A4: the Battle of Fallen Timbers
Q5: When was this deciding battle fought?
A5: 1794
Sectional tensions had long existed between the states located north of the Mason–Dixon line and those south of it, primarily centered on the "peculiar institution" of slavery and the ability of states to overrule the decisions of the national government. During the 1840s and 1850s, conflicts between the two sides became progressively more violent. After the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 (who southerners thought would work to end slavery) states in the South seceded from the United States, beginning with South Carolina in late 1860. On April 12, 1861, forces of the South (known as the Confederate States of America or simply the Confederacy) opened fire on Fort Sumter, whose garrison was loyal to the Union.

Q1: What dividing line separated slave states from free states?
A1: the Mason–Dixon line
Q2: When was Lincoln elected?
A2: 1860
Q3: How did slave states react to Lincoln's election?
A3: states in the South seceded from the United States
Q4: When did Confederate forces bombard Fort Sumter?
A4: April 12, 1861
Q5: What was the first state to formally secede?
A5: South Carolina
The Spanish–American War was a short decisive war marked by quick, overwhelming American victories at sea and on land against Spain. The Navy was well-prepared and won laurels, even as politicians tried (and failed) to have it redeployed to defend East Coast cities against potential threats from the feeble Spanish fleet. The Army performed well in combat in Cuba. However, it was too oriented to small posts in the West and not as well-prepared for an overseas conflict. It relied on volunteers and state militia units, which faced logistical, training and food problems in the staging areas in Florida. The United States freed Cuba (after an occupation by the U.S. Army). By the peace treaty Spain ceded to the United States its colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The Navy set up coaling stations there and in Hawaii (which voluntarily joined the U.S. in 1898). The U.S. Navy now had a major forward presence across the Pacific and (with the lease of Guantánamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba) a major base in the Caribbean guarding the approaches to the Gulf Coast and the Panama Canal.

Q1: Where did the American army fight the Spanish in the Spanish American War?
A1: Cuba
Q2: The army in this war was primarily made up of what sort of units?
A2: volunteers and state militia
Q3: What colonies did Spain hand over to the US after the war?
A3: Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines
Q4: What island territory voluntarily joined the US as a colony in 1898?
A4: Hawaii
Q5: What is the name of the naval base the US leased from a newly independent Cuba?
A5: Guantánamo Bay Naval Base
The Philippine–American War (1899–1902) was an armed conflict between a group of Filipino revolutionaries and the American forces following the ceding of the Philippines to the United States after the defeat of Spanish forces in the Battle of Manila. The Army sent in 100,000 soldiers (mostly from the National Guard) under General Elwell Otis. Defeated in the field and losing its capital in March 1899, the poorly armed and poorly led rebels broke into armed bands. The insurgency collapsed in March 1901 when the leader Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by General Frederick Funston and his Macabebe allies. Casualties included 1,037 Americans killed in action and 3,340 who died from disease; 20,000 rebels were killed.

Q1: When was the Philippine-American War fought?
A1: 1899–1902
Q2: Where did the US defeat occupying Spanish forces prior to the Philippine American War?
A2: Manila
Q3: Who led American forces in this war?
A3: General Elwell Otis
Q4: How many troops did the US send to the Philippines?
A4: 100,000
Q5: Who was the rebel leader captured by US forces at the end of this war?
A5: Emilio Aguinaldo
The loss of eight battleships and 2,403 Americans at Pearl Harbor forced the U.S. to rely on its remaining aircraft carriers, which won a major victory over Japan at Midway just six months into the war, and on its growing submarine fleet. The Navy and Marine Corps followed this up with an island hopping campaign across the central and south Pacific in 1943–45, reaching the outskirts of Japan in the Battle of Okinawa. During 1942 and 1943, the U.S. deployed millions of men and thousands of planes and tanks to the UK, beginning with the strategic bombing of Nazi Germany and occupied Europe and leading up to the Allied invasions of occupied North Africa in November 1942, Sicily and Italy in 1943, France in 1944, and the invasion of Germany in 1945, parallel with the Soviet invasion from the east. That led to the surrender of Nazi Germany in May 1945. In the Pacific, the U.S. experienced much success in naval campaigns during 1944, but bloody battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa in 1945 led the U.S. to look for a way to end the war with minimal loss of American lives. The U.S. used atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to destroy the Japanese war effort and to shock the Japanese leadership, which quickly caused the surrender of Japan.

Q1: How many battleships did the US Navy lose at Pearl Harbor?
A1: eight
Q2: How many Americans were killed during the Pearl Harbor attack?
A2: 2,403
Q3: What term describes the overall US strategy in the Pacific in WWII?
A3: island hopping
Q4: When did the Allies invade North Africa?
A4: 1942
Q5: Which two Japanese cities were hit with atomic bombs?
A5: Hiroshima and Nagasaki
The Korean War was a conflict between the United States and its United Nations allies and the communist powers under influence of the Soviet Union (also a UN member nation) and the People's Republic of China (which later also gained UN membership). The principal combatants were North and South Korea. Principal allies of South Korea included the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, although many other nations sent troops under the aegis of the United Nations. Allies of North Korea included the People's Republic of China, which supplied military forces, and the Soviet Union, which supplied combat advisors and aircraft pilots, as well as arms, for the Chinese and North Korean troops.

Q1: What country supplied troops to North Korea during the Korean War?
A1: the People's Republic of China
Q2: What country supplied advisors, pilots, and war materiel to North Korea?
A2: the Soviet Union
Q3: What country was the principal ally of South Korea during the war?
A3: the United States
Q4: What organization did all combatants on both sides of the war belong to?
A4: United Nations
Q5: Which two countries were the primary fighters for territory in the Korean War?
A5: North and South Korea
The war started badly for the US and UN. North Korean forces struck massively in the summer of 1950 and nearly drove the outnumbered US and ROK defenders into the sea. However the United Nations intervened, naming Douglas MacArthur commander of its forces, and UN-US-ROK forces held a perimeter around Pusan, gaining time for reinforcement. MacArthur, in a bold but risky move, ordered an amphibious invasion well behind the front lines at Inchon, cutting off and routing the North Koreans and quickly crossing the 38th Parallel into North Korea. As UN forces continued to advance toward the Yalu River on the border with Communist China, the Chinese crossed the Yalu River in October and launched a series of surprise attacks that sent the UN forces reeling back across the 38th Parallel. Truman originally wanted a Rollback strategy to unify Korea; after the Chinese successes he settled for a Containment policy to split the country. MacArthur argued for rollback but was fired by President Harry Truman after disputes over the conduct of the war. Peace negotiations dragged on for two years until President Dwight D. Eisenhower threatened China with nuclear weapons; an armistice was quickly reached with the two Koreas remaining divided at the 38th parallel. North and South Korea are still today in a state of war, having never signed a peace treaty, and American forces remain stationed in South Korea as part of American foreign policy.

Q1: When did North Korean forces initiate attacks on US and UN forces in the Korean war?
A1: 1950
Q2: What South Korean city did the US and ROK forces defend while building reinforcements?
A2: Pusan
Q3: What type of attack was used on Inchon?
A3: amphibious invasion
Q4: Chinese troops attacked the UN forces when they crossed what river?
A4: the Yalu River
Q5: What general was fired for defying President Truman's containment strategy?
A5: Douglas MacArthur
Fighting on one side was a coalition of forces including the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam or the "RVN"), the United States, supplemented by South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. The allies fought against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) as well as the National Liberation Front (NLF, also known as Viet communists Viet Cong), or "VC", a guerrilla force within South Vietnam. The NVA received substantial military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and China, turning Vietnam into a proxy war.

Q1: What acronym was given to South Vietnamese troops?
A1: RVN
Q2: What acronym was given to North Vietnamese army regulars?
A2: NVA
Q3: By what name were fighters of the National Liberation Front known?
A3: Viet Cong
Q4: The VC operated in what geographic area?
A4: South Vietnam
Q5: The NVA was aided by military and financial aid from what two countries?
A5: Soviet Union and China
The military history of the American side of the war involved different strategies over the years. The bombing campaigns of the Air Force were tightly controlled by the White House for political reasons, and until 1972 avoided the main Northern cities of Hanoi and Haiphong and concentrated on bombing jungle supply trails, especially the Ho Chi Minh Trail. The most controversial Army commander was William Westmoreland whose strategy involved systematic defeat of all enemy forces in the field, despite heavy American casualties that alienated public opinion back home.

Q1: What two northern Vietnamese cities did the US avoid bombing at the outset of the war?
A1: Hanoi and Haiphong
Q2: What was the major supply trail for the Northern Vietnamese forces?
A2: the Ho Chi Minh Trail
Q3: What US commander's strategy caused a loss of public opinion in the US?
A3: William Westmoreland
Q4: Who helped orchestrate bombing campaigns in the Vietnam War?
A4: the White House
Q5: When did the US start bombing Hanoi?
A5: 1972
In 1983 fighting between Palestinian refugees and Lebanese factions reignited that nation's long-running civil war. A UN agreement brought an international force of peacekeepers to occupy Beirut and guarantee security. US Marines landed in August 1982 along with Italian and French forces. On October 23, 1983, a suicide bomber driving a truck filled with 6 tons of TNT crashed through a fence and destroyed the Marine barracks, killing 241 Marines; seconds later, a second bomber leveled a French barracks, killing 58. Subsequently the US Navy engaged in bombing of militia positions inside Lebanon. While US President Ronald Reagan was initially defiant, political pressure at home eventually forced the withdrawal of the Marines in February 1984.

Q1: When did fighting between Palestinians and the Lebanese begin?
A1: 1983
Q2: When did US marines land in Lebanon?
A2: 1982
Q3: When did a suicide bomber successfully attack the marine barracks in Lebanon?
A3: October 23, 1983
Q4: How many marines were killed in the attack?
A4: 241
Q5: When did President Reagan withdraw marines from Lebanon?
A5: February 1984
However, the battle was one-sided almost from the beginning. The reasons for this are the subject of continuing study by military strategists and academics. There is general agreement that US technological superiority was a crucial factor but the speed and scale of the Iraqi collapse has also been attributed to poor strategic and tactical leadership and low morale among Iraqi troops, which resulted from a history of incompetent leadership. After devastating initial strikes against Iraqi air defenses and command and control facilities on 17 January 1991, coalition forces achieved total air superiority almost immediately. The Iraqi air force was destroyed within a few days, with some planes fleeing to Iran, where they were interned for the duration of the conflict. The overwhelming technological advantages of the US, such as stealth aircraft and infrared sights, quickly turned the air war into a "turkey shoot". The heat signature of any tank which started its engine made an easy target. Air defense radars were quickly destroyed by radar-seeking missiles fired from wild weasel aircraft. Grainy video clips, shot from the nose cameras of missiles as they aimed at impossibly small targets, were a staple of US news coverage and revealed to the world a new kind of war, compared by some to a video game. Over 6 weeks of relentless pounding by planes and helicopters, the Iraqi army was almost completely beaten but did not retreat, under orders from Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, and by the time the ground forces invaded on 24 February, many Iraqi troops quickly surrendered to forces much smaller than their own; in one instance, Iraqi forces attempted to surrender to a television camera crew that was advancing with coalition forces.

Q1: What is the main reason the US-led coalition won a decisive victory in the Persian Gulf War?
A1: US technological superiority
Q2: US airstrikes on Iraqi air defenses and command and control facilities began when?
A2: on 17 January 1991
Q3: What faults in the Iraqi forces led to their rapid defeat?
A3: poor strategic and tactical leadership and low morale
Q4: Who ordered Iraqi forces to hold their ground despite air bombardments?
A4: Iraqi President Saddam Hussein
Q5: When did US ground forces attack Iraqi positions?
A5: 24 February
After just 100 hours of ground combat, and with all of Kuwait and much of southern Iraq under coalition control, US President George H. W. Bush ordered a cease-fire and negotiations began resulting in an agreement for cessation of hostilities. Some US politicians were disappointed by this move, believing Bush should have pressed on to Baghdad and removed Hussein from power; there is little doubt that coalition forces could have accomplished this if they had desired. Still, the political ramifications of removing Hussein would have broadened the scope of the conflict greatly, and many coalition nations refused to participate in such an action, believing it would create a power vacuum and destabilize the region.

Q1: How long did ground combat operations last in the Persian Gulf War?
A1: 100 hours
Q2: Who ordered the cease-fire that effectively ended hostilities?
A2: US President George H. W. Bush
Q3: What did some US Politicians think Coalition forces should have been allowed to have done?
A3: pressed on to Baghdad and removed Hussein from power
Q4: Coalition nations did what with regards to invading Northern Iraq to precipitate the cease fire?
A4: refused to participate
Q5: Why did Coalition nations fear the removal of Hussein from power?
A5: it would create a power vacuum and destabilize the region
The War on Terrorism is a global effort by the governments of several countries (primarily the United States and its principal allies) to neutralize international terrorist groups (primarily Islamic Extremist terrorist groups, including al-Qaeda) and ensure that countries considered by the US and some of its allies to be Rogue Nations no longer support terrorist activities. It has been adopted primarily as a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States. Since 2001, terrorist motivated attacks upon service members have occurred in Arkansas and Texas.

Q1: What term is given to the attempt by the US and her allies to fight global terrorist groups?
A1: The War on Terrorism
Q2: What religious groups are primarily targeted by this war?
A2: Islamic Extremist
Q3: What is one prominent, specific terrorist group targeted by the War on Terrorism?
A3: al-Qaeda
Q4: The War On Terrorism was caused by what event?
A4: the September 11, 2001 attacks
Q5: Since the start of the war on Terrorism, attacks on US service members have occurred in which two US states?
A5: Arkansas and Texas
After the lengthy Iraq disarmament crisis culminated with an American demand that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein leave Iraq, which was refused, a coalition led by the United States and the United Kingdom fought the Iraqi army in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Approximately 250,000 United States troops, with support from 45,000 British, 2,000 Australian and 200 Polish combat forces, entered Iraq primarily through their staging area in Kuwait. (Turkey had refused to permit its territory to be used for an invasion from the north.) Coalition forces also supported Iraqi Kurdish militia, estimated to number upwards of 50,000. After approximately three weeks of fighting, Hussein and the Ba'ath Party were forcibly removed, followed by 9 years of military presence by the United States and the coalition fighting alongside the newly elected Iraqi government against various insurgent groups.

Q1: What demand did the US make before invading Iraq in 2003?
A1: that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein leave Iraq
Q2: How many US troops participated in the invasion?
A2: 250,000
Q3: What country refused to allow forces to stage within it?
A3: Turkey
Q4: How long did the first phase of fighting last?
A4: approximately three weeks
Q5: How long did the US and its coalition partners have to occupy Iraq?
A5: 9 years