romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Since the middle of the 19th century, Masonic historians have sought the origins of the movement in a series of similar documents known as the Old Charges, dating from the Regius Poem in about 1425 to the beginning of the 18th century. Alluding to the membership of a lodge of operative masons, they relate a mythologised history of the craft, the duties of its grades, and the manner in which oaths of fidelity are to be taken on joining. The fifteenth century also sees the first evidence of ceremonial regalia.

Q1: When did ceremonial regalia first appear in the Masonic culture?
A1: The fifteenth century
Q2: How long have historians been seeking information about the Masonic movement?
A2: middle of the 19th century
Q3: What kind of an oath do Masons take when they join?
A3: fidelity
Q4: What is the oldest written document about Freemasonary?
A4: Regius Poem
Q5: When was the Regius Poem written?
A5: 1425
Q6: When did Masonic historians star seeking the origins of the Masonic Movement?
A6: middle of the 19th century
Q7: What are the old Masonic document referred as?
A7: Old Charges
Q8: The Old Charges are dated from when to when?
A8: about 1425 to the beginning of the 18th century
Q9: The fifteenth century also shows evidence of what in Masonic history?
A9: ceremonial regalia.
Q10: The duties of its grades is an example of what historic documents?
A10: Old Charges
A dispute during the Lausanne Congress of Supreme Councils of 1875 prompted the Grand Orient de France to commission a report by a Protestant pastor which concluded that, as Freemasonry was not a religion, it should not require a religious belief. The new constitutions read, "Its principles are absolute liberty of conscience and human solidarity", the existence of God and the immortality of the soul being struck out. It is possible that the immediate objections of the United Grand Lodge of England were at least partly motivated by the political tension between France and Britain at the time. The result was the withdrawal of recognition of the Grand Orient of France by the United Grand Lodge of England, a situation that continues today.

Q1: Why did the Grand Orient de France conclude that Freemasonry shouldn't require religious belief?
A1: Freemasonry was not a religion
Q2: What was removed from the Freemasonry constitution?
A2: existence of God and the immortality of the soul
Q3: Who withdrew recognition from the Grand Orient de France?
A3: United Grand Lodge of England
Q4: What was a possible condition that made the United Grand Lodge of England withdraw it's recognition of the Grand Orient de France?
A4: political tension between France and Britain
Q5: How was the belief of the existance of God and the immortal soul replaced in the constitution?
A5: Its principles are absolute liberty of conscience and human solidarity
Q6: What year was it ruled that Freemasonry was not a religion?
A6: 1875
Q7: What Grand Lodge had a withdrawal of recognition by the United Grand Lodge of England?
A7: Grand Orient of France
Q8: What was a motivation of the Grand Lodge of England's objection?
A8: political tension between France and Britain
Q9: Who disputed the Lausanne Congress of Supreme Councils?
A9: Grand Orient de France
At the dawn of the Grand Lodge era, during the 1720s, James Anderson composed the first printed constitutions for Freemasons, the basis for most subsequent constitutions, which specifically excluded women from Freemasonry. As Freemasonry spread, continental masons began to include their ladies in Lodges of Adoption, which worked three degrees with the same names as the men's but different content. The French officially abandoned the experiment in the early 19th century. Later organisations with a similar aim emerged in the United States, but distinguished the names of the degrees from those of male masonry.

Q1: When were the first constitutions for Freemasonry printed?
A1: during the 1720s
Q2: Who composed the first printed constitutions for Freemasonry?
A2: James Anderson
Q3: Which group was specifically excluded from Freemasonry in the printed constitutions?
A3: women
Q4: What was created for women as Freemasonry began to spread?
A4: Lodges of Adoption
Q5: When was the idea of the Lodges for Adoption abandoned?
A5: early 19th century
Q6: When was the dawn of the Grand Lodge era?
A6: during the 1720s
Q7: Who composed the first printed constitutions for Freemasons?
A7: James Anderson
Q8: Who is excluded from Freemasonry?
A8: women
Q9: What were lodges called that included women?
A9: Lodges of Adoption
Q10: Who abandoned the including of women in Freemasonry experiment in the early 19'th century?
A10: The French
In contrast to Catholic allegations of rationalism and naturalism, Protestant objections are more likely to be based on allegations of mysticism, occultism, and even Satanism. Masonic scholar Albert Pike is often quoted (in some cases misquoted) by Protestant anti-Masons as an authority for the position of Masonry on these issues. However, Pike, although undoubtedly learned, was not a spokesman for Freemasonry and was also controversial among Freemasons in general. His writings represented his personal opinion only, and furthermore an opinion grounded in the attitudes and understandings of late 19th century Southern Freemasonry of the USA. Notably, his book carries in the preface a form of disclaimer from his own Grand Lodge. No one voice has ever spoken for the whole of Freemasonry.

Q1: What are some Protestant objections to Freemasonry?
A1: mysticism, occultism, and even Satanism
Q2: What are Catholic objections to Freemasonry?
A2: rationalism and naturalism
Q3: Who is generally accepted as the voice of Freemasonry?
A3: No one voice
Q4: Who do the Protestant anti-Masons believe is the absolute authority on the use of mysticism, Satanism and occultism in Freemasonry?
A4: Albert Pike
Q5: What was Albert Pike actually more of an expert in?
A5: late 19th century Southern Freemasonry of the USA
Q6: What religion alleged Freemasons as Satanic?
A6: Protestant
Q7: What religion alleged Freemasons as unnatural and irrational?
A7: Catholic
Q8: Who was controversial among Freemasons?
A8: Albert Pike
Q9: Who has spoke for all Freemasons?
A9: No one
Q10: Albert Pike's opinions were grounded in what?
A10: late 19th century Southern Freemasonry of the USA
In 1799, English Freemasonry almost came to a halt due to Parliamentary proclamation. In the wake of the French Revolution, the Unlawful Societies Act 1799 banned any meetings of groups that required their members to take an oath or obligation. The Grand Masters of both the Moderns and the Antients Grand Lodges called on Prime Minister William Pitt (who was not a Freemason) and explained to him that Freemasonry was a supporter of the law and lawfully constituted authority and was much involved in charitable work. As a result, Freemasonry was specifically exempted from the terms of the Act, provided that each private lodge's Secretary placed with the local "Clerk of the Peace" a list of the members of his lodge once a year. This continued until 1967 when the obligation of the provision was rescinded by Parliament.

Q1: What put English Freemasonry at risk?
A1: Parliamentary proclamation
Q2: What did the Unlawful Socities Act ban?
A2: meetings of groups that required their members to take an oath or obligation
Q3: When was the Unlawful Socities Act implemented?
A3: 1799
Q4: What was each private lodge required to provide to the Clerk of Peace every year?
A4: a list of the members of his lodge
Q5: Who did the Grand Masters call upon to explain that Freemasonry was not an unlawful society?
A5: Prime Minister William Pitt
Q6: English Freemasonry almost came to a halt in what year?
A6: 1799
Q7: Why did English Freemasonry almost come to a halt in 1799?
A7: Parliamentary proclamation
Q8: What act was made in 1799 banning any meeting of groups that had to take an oath or obligation?
A8: the Unlawful Societies Act 1799
Q9: Who gave the Freemasons an exemption of the Act of 1799?
A9: Prime Minister William Pitt
Q10: What year did parliament rescind the exemption of 1799 given to the Freemasons?
A10: 1967
In some countries anti-Masonry is often related to antisemitism and anti-Zionism. For example, In 1980, the Iraqi legal and penal code was changed by Saddam Hussein's ruling Ba'ath Party, making it a felony to "promote or acclaim Zionist principles, including Freemasonry, or who associate [themselves] with Zionist organisations". Professor Andrew Prescott of the University of Sheffield writes: "Since at least the time of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, antisemitism has gone hand in hand with anti-masonry, so it is not surprising that allegations that 11 September was a Zionist plot have been accompanied by suggestions that the attacks were inspired by a masonic world order".

Q1: What are two things that anit-masonry usually associated with?
A1: antisemitism and anti-Zionism
Q2: What year did the Ba'ath Party make Freemasonry a felony?
A2: 1980
Q3: Who wrote that it was not suprising that the blame for 9/11 was trying to be blamed on a masonic world order?
A3: Professor Andrew Prescott
Q4: According to  Professor Andrew Prescott, how long has antisemitism gone together with anti-masonry?
A4: Since at least the time of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion
Q5: In some countries, anti-Masonry is related to what?
A5: antisemitism and anti-Zionism
Q6: Who change the Iraqi legal and penal code in 1980?
A6: Saddam Hussein's ruling Ba'ath Party
Q7: Who suggested the September 11 attacks on the United States were inspired by a masonic world order?
A7: Professor Andrew Prescott
The bulk of Masonic ritual consists of degree ceremonies. Candidates for Freemasonry are progressively initiated into Freemasonry, first in the degree of Entered Apprentice. Some time later, in a separate ceremony, they will be passed to the degree of Fellowcraft, and finally they will be raised to the degree of Master Mason. In all of these ceremonies, the candidate is entrusted with passwords, signs and grips peculiar to his new rank. Another ceremony is the annual installation of the Master and officers of the Lodge. In some jurisdictions Installed Master is valued as a separate rank, with its own secrets to distinguish its members. In other jurisdictions, the grade is not recognised, and no inner ceremony conveys new secrets during the installation of a new Master of the Lodge.

Q1: What do most masonic rituals consist of?
A1: degree ceremonies
Q2: What is the first degree of Masonry?
A2: Entered Apprentice
Q3: What is the second degree of Masonry?
A3: Fellowcraft
Q4: What is the final degree of Masonry?
A4: Master Mason
Q5: What things come with each new degree in Freemasonry?
A5: passwords, signs and grips
Q6: The bulk of Masonic rituals consist of what?
A6: degree ceremonies
Q7: What comes after the degree of Entered Apprentice?
A7: the degree of Fellowcraft
Q8: What is the first of degree ceremonies?
A8: the degree of Entered Apprentice
Q9: What is the final degree in the Freemasons?
A9: the degree of Master Mason
Q10: What annual ceremony do Freemasons have?
A10: the annual installation of the Master and officers of the Lodge
English Freemasonry spread to France in the 1720s, first as lodges of expatriates and exiled Jacobites, and then as distinctively French lodges which still follow the ritual of the Moderns. From France and England, Freemasonry spread to most of Continental Europe during the course of the 18th century. The Grande Loge de France formed under the Grand Mastership of the Duke of Clermont, who exercised only nominal authority. His successor, the Duke of Orléans, reconstituted the central body as the Grand Orient de France in 1773. Briefly eclipsed during the French Revolution, French Freemasonry continued to grow in the next century.

Q1: When did English Freemasonry arrive in France?
A1: the 1720s
Q2: Who were the first English Freemasons in France?
A2: lodges of expatriates and exiled Jacobites
Q3: When did Freemasonry begin to spread to continental Europe?
A3: 18th century
Q4: Who formed the Grand Loge de France?
A4: Duke of Clermont
Q5: Who was the successor to the Duke of Clermont?
A5: Duke of Orléans
Q6: When did English Freemasonry spread to France?
A6: the 1720s
Q7: When did Freemasonry spread to most of the Continental Europe?
A7: the 18th century
Q8: The Grand Loge de France formed under who?
A8: the Grand Mastership of the Duke of Clermont
Q9: Who was the successor to the Grand Mastership of The Duke of Clermont?
A9: the Duke of Orléans
Q10: When was the central body of the Grand Orient de France reconstituted?
A10: 1773
The majority of Freemasonry considers the Liberal (Continental) strand to be Irregular, and thus withhold recognition. For the Continental lodges, however, having a different approach to Freemasonry was not a reason for severing masonic ties. In 1961, an umbrella organisation, Centre de Liaison et d'Information des Puissances maçonniques Signataires de l'Appel de Strasbourg (CLIPSAS) was set up, which today provides a forum for most of these Grand Lodges and Grand Orients worldwide. Included in the list of over 70 Grand Lodges and Grand Orients are representatives of all three of the above categories, including mixed and women's organisations. The United Grand Lodge of England does not communicate with any of these jurisdictions, and expects its allies to follow suit. This creates the distinction between Anglo-American and Continental Freemasonry.

Q1: Why was the Centre de Liasion et d'information des Puissances maconniques signataires de l'Appel de Strasbourg set up?
A1: provides a forum for most of these Grand Lodges and Grand Orients worldwide
Q2: When was CLIPSAS set up?
A2: 1961
Q3: What are two major sections of Freemasonry?
A3: Anglo-American and Continental
Q4: What is the Continental Strand consideres to be by most of Freemasonry?
A4: Irregular
Q5: What strand is considered to be irregular by the majority of Freemasons?
A5: the Liberal (Continental) strand
Q6: The CLIPSAS Organization was formed in what year?
A6: 1961
Q7: How many Grand Lodges and Grand Orients are listed in the CLIPSAS list?
A7: 70
Q8: Does the United Grand Lodge of England communicate with any of the 70 lodges on the CLIPSAS list?
A8: does not communicate
The denomination with the longest history of objection to Freemasonry is the Roman Catholic Church. The objections raised by the Roman Catholic Church are based on the allegation that Masonry teaches a naturalistic deistic religion which is in conflict with Church doctrine. A number of Papal pronouncements have been issued against Freemasonry. The first was Pope Clement XII's In eminenti apostolatus, 28 April 1738; the most recent was Pope Leo XIII's Ab apostolici, 15 October 1890. The 1917 Code of Canon Law explicitly declared that joining Freemasonry entailed automatic excommunication, and banned books favouring Freemasonry.

Q1: Whao has always opposed Freemasonry?
A1: the Roman Catholic Church
Q2: Why does the Catholic Church oppose the Freemasons so strongly?
A2: teaches a naturalistic deistic religion
Q3: Who issued the first Papal prounouncement against Freemasonry?
A3: Pope Clement XII
Q4: When was the first Papal prounouncement against Freemasonry made?
A4: 28 April 1738
Q5: What was the most recent Papal prounouncement agasnst Freemasonry?
A5: Pope Leo XIII's Ab apostolici, 15 October 1890
Q6: Who has the longest history of objection to Freemasonry?
A6: the Roman Catholic Church
Q7: What law banned books favoring Freemasonry?
A7: The 1917 Code of Canon Law
Q8: The Roman Catholic Church objection to Freemasons are based on what?
A8: Masonry teaches a naturalistic deistic religion
Q9: What pope first issued Papal pronouncements against Freemasons?
A9: Pope Clement XII
Q10: What pope most recently issued Papal pronouncements against Freemasons?
A10: Pope Leo XIII
In 1933, the Orthodox Church of Greece officially declared that being a Freemason constitutes an act of apostasy and thus, until he repents, the person involved with Freemasonry cannot partake of the Eucharist. This has been generally affirmed throughout the whole Eastern Orthodox Church. The Orthodox critique of Freemasonry agrees with both the Roman Catholic and Protestant versions: "Freemasonry cannot be at all compatible with Christianity as far as it is a secret organisation, acting and teaching in mystery and secret and deifying rationalism."

Q1: What action is forbid by the Orthodox Greek Church to Freemasons?
A1: cannot partake of the Eucharist
Q2: What is the official stance on Freemasonry by the Greek Orthodox Church?
A2: cannot be at all compatible with Christianity
Q3: What would happen if someone in the Greek Orthodox Church became a Freemason?
A3: constitutes an act of apostasy
Q4: When did the Orthodox Church of Greece proclaim being a Freemason was an act of apostacy?
A4: 1933
Q5: Which other major religions hold the same beliefs, on Freemasonry, as the Orthodox Church of Greece?
A5: Roman Catholic and Protestant
Q6: In what year did the Orthodox Church of Greece declare that being a Freemason constituted an act of apostasy?
A6: 1933
Q7: Freemasonry cannot be compatible with what according to the Orthodox Church?
A7: Christianity
Q8: Freemason cannot partake in what until they repent according to the Orthodox Church of Greece?
A8: the Eucharist
In addition, most Grand Lodges require the candidate to declare a belief in a Supreme Being. In a few cases, the candidate may be required to be of a specific religion. The form of Freemasonry most common in Scandinavia (known as the Swedish Rite), for example, accepts only Christians. At the other end of the spectrum, "Liberal" or Continental Freemasonry, exemplified by the Grand Orient de France, does not require a declaration of belief in any deity, and accepts atheists (a cause of discord with the rest of Freemasonry).

Q1: What belief is required of a candidate by the Grand Lodge?
A1: belief in a Supreme Being
Q2: Are candadites required to express belief in a specific religion?
A2: few cases
Q3: Which branch of Freemasonry does not require a belief in a supreme being?
A3: Continental Freemasonry
Q4: Which branch of Freemasonry accepts atheists?
A4: "Liberal" or Continental
Q5: Which branch of Freemasonry only accepts Christians?
A5: Swedish Rite
Q6: Most Grand Lodges require a candidate to declare a belief in what?
A6: a Supreme Being
Q7: Freemasons most common in Scandinavia only accept who as members?
A7: Christians
Q8: What Freemason group accept atheists?
A8: the Grand Orient de France
Q9: The Grand Orient de France is considered what type of Freemasonry?
A9: Liberal" or Continental Freemasonry
Exclusive Jurisdiction is a concept whereby only one Grand Lodge will be recognised in any geographical area. If two Grand Lodges claim jurisdiction over the same area, the other Grand Lodges will have to choose between them, and they may not all decide to recognise the same one. (In 1849, for example, the Grand Lodge of New York split into two rival factions, each claiming to be the legitimate Grand Lodge. Other Grand Lodges had to choose between them until the schism was healed.) Exclusive Jurisdiction can be waived when the two over-lapping Grand Lodges are themselves in Amity and agree to share jurisdiction (for example, since the Grand Lodge of Connecticut is in Amity with the Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Connecticut, the principle of Exclusive Jurisdiction does not apply, and other Grand Lodges may recognise both).

Q1: What is Exclusive Jurisdiction?
A1: only one Grand Lodge will be recognised in any geographical area
Q2: What happens if two Grand Lodges try to establish themselves in the same area?
A2: the other Grand Lodges will have to choose between them
Q3: What can happen if two over-lapping Grand Lodges are in Amity and decide to share jurisdiction?
A3: Exclusive Jurisdiction can be waived
Q4: If two over-lapping Grand Lodges are in Amity and decide to waive Exclusive Jurisdiction, who must the other Grand Lodges recognize?
A4: recognise both
Q5: What must other Grand Lodges do if two over-lapping Grand Lodges cannot agree to share the territory?
A5: choose between them
Q6: What concept only recognizes one Grand Lodge in a given geographical area?
A6: Exclusive Jurisdiction
Q7: In what year did the Grand Lodge of New York Split into two separate rival factions?
A7: 1849
Q8: When can Exclusive Jurisdiction be waived?
A8: when the two over-lapping Grand Lodges are themselves in Amity and agree to share jurisdiction
There is no clear mechanism by which these local trade organisations became today's Masonic Lodges, but the earliest rituals and passwords known, from operative lodges around the turn of the 17th–18th centuries, show continuity with the rituals developed in the later 18th century by accepted or speculative Masons, as those members who did not practice the physical craft came to be known. The minutes of the Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No. 1 in Scotland show a continuity from an operative lodge in 1598 to a modern speculative Lodge. It is reputed to be the oldest Masonic Lodge in the world.

Q1: From what centuries are the earliest passwords and rituals of Freemasonry known?
A1: 17th–18th
Q2: What is the oldest Masonic lodge in the world?
A2: Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No. 1 in Scotland
Q3: What were members who did not practice the physical craft known as?
A3: accepted or speculative Masons
Q4: When compared, how similar are the rituals and passwords from the turn of the 17 - 18 centuries to the ones from the later 18th century?
A4: show continuity
Q5: What is the oldest Masonic Lodge in the world?
A5: the Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No. 1
Q6: When was the Lodge of Edinburgh started?
A6: 1598
Q7: When did rituals become similar between different Masonic Lodges?
A7: in the later 18th century
Prince Hall Freemasonry exists because of the refusal of early American lodges to admit African-Americans. In 1775, an African-American named Prince Hall, along with fourteen other African-Americans, was initiated into a British military lodge with a warrant from the Grand Lodge of Ireland, having failed to obtain admission from the other lodges in Boston. When the military Lodge left North America, those fifteen men were given the authority to meet as a Lodge, but not to initiate Masons. In 1784, these individuals obtained a Warrant from the Premier Grand Lodge of England (GLE) and formed African Lodge, Number 459. When the UGLE was formed in 1813, all U.S.-based Lodges were stricken from their rolls – due largely to the War of 1812. Thus, separated from both UGLE and any concordantly recognised U.S. Grand Lodge, African Lodge re-titled itself as the African Lodge, Number 1 – and became a de facto "Grand Lodge" (this Lodge is not to be confused with the various Grand Lodges on the Continent of Africa). As with the rest of U.S. Freemasonry, Prince Hall Freemasonry soon grew and organised on a Grand Lodge system for each state.

Q1: Why was Prince Hall Freemasonry formed?
A1: refusal of early American lodges to admit African-Americans
Q2: When was Prince Hall Freemasonry formed?
A2: 1775
Q3: What happened when the UGLE was formed in 1813?
A3: U.S.-based Lodges were stricken from their rolls
Q4: What did Africian Lodge, Number 459 become after they were removed from the UGLE?
A4: African Lodge, Number 1
Q5: What was Africian Lodge, Number 1 considered after they changed from Africian Lodge, Number 459?
A5: became a de facto "Grand Lodge"
Q6: What exists today because of the refusal of early American lodges to admit African Americans?
A6: Prince Hall Freemasonry
Q7: In what year was Prince Hall admitted into the British military lodge?
A7: 1775
Q8: When was the African Lodge, number 459, formed?
A8: 1784
Q9: When was the UGLE formed?
A9: 1813
Q10: The African Lodge re-titled itself what?
A10: the African Lodge, Number 1