romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Sex was used as an important element in the content and marketing the paper from the start, which Lamb believed was the most important part of his readers' lives. The first topless Page 3 model appeared on 17 November 1970, German-born Stephanie Rahn; she was tagged as a "Birthday Suit Girl" to mark the first anniversary of the relaunched Sun. A topless Page 3 model gradually became a regular fixture, and with increasingly risqué poses. Both feminists and many cultural conservatives saw the pictures as pornographic and misogynistic. Lamb expressed some regret at introducing the feature, although denied it was sexist. A Conservative council in Sowerby Bridge, Yorkshire, was the first to ban the paper from its public library, shortly after Page 3 began, because of its excessive sexual content. This decision was reversed after a sustained campaign by the newspaper itself lasting 16 months, and the election of a Labour-led council in 1971.

Q1: What did Lamb employ as an important theme from the beginning of the paper?
A1: Sex
Q2: When did the first Page 3 model appear topless?
A2: 17 November 1970
Q3: Who was the first Page 3 topless model?
A3: Stephanie Rahn
Q4: Who was the first to prohibit the paper from being in its library?
A4: A Conservative council in Sowerby Bridge, Yorkshire
Q5: When was the library ban reversed?
A5: 1971
Politically, The Sun in the early Murdoch years, remained nominally Labour. It supported the Labour Party led by Harold Wilson in the 1970 General Election, with the headline "Why It Must Be Labour" but by February 1974 it was calling for a vote for the Conservative Party led by Edward Heath while suggesting that it might support a Labour Party led by James Callaghan or Roy Jenkins. In the October election an editorial asserted: "ALL our instincts are left rather than right and we would vote for any able politician who would describe himself as a Social Democrat."

Q1: What were the Sun's political leanings early on under Murdoch?
A1: nominally Labour
Q2: Who led the Labour Party in the 1970 General Election?
A2: Harold Wilson
Q3: Who did the Sun support in 1974?
A3: Edward Heath
Q4: Who would the Sun consider supporting from the Labour Party in 1974?
A4: James Callaghan or Roy Jenkins
Q5: What type of politician did a Sun editorial state that it would support in October 1974?
A5: any able politician who would describe himself as a Social Democrat
The editor, Larry Lamb, was originally from a Labour background, with a socialist upbringing while his temporary replacement Bernard Shrimsley (1972–75) was a middle-class uncommitted Conservative. An extensive advertising campaign on the ITV network in this period, voiced by actor Christopher Timothy, may have helped The Sun to overtake the Daily Mirror's circulation in 1978. Despite the industrial relations of the 1970s – the so-called "Spanish practices" of the print unions – The Sun was very profitable, enabling Murdoch to expand his operations to the United States from 1973.

Q1: Who temporarily replaced Larry Lamb?
A1: Bernard Shrimsley
Q2: What was Shrimsley's political background?
A2: middle-class uncommitted Conservative.
Q3: Who lent his voice to a campaign that aided The Sun in passing the Daily Mirror in 1978?
A3: Christopher Timothy
Q4: Where did Murdoch begin expanding?
A4: United States
Q5: When did Murdoch begin expanding into the U.S?
A5: 1973
The Daily Star had been launched in 1978 by Express Newspaper, and by 1981 had begun to affect sales of The Sun. Bingo was introduced as a marketing tool and a 2p drop in cover price removed the Daily Star's competitive advantage opening a new circulation battle which resulted in The Sun neutralising the threat of the new paper. The new editor of The Sun, Kelvin MacKenzie, took up his post in 1981 just after these developments, and "changed the British tabloid concept more profoundly than [Larry] Lamb did", according to Bruce Page, MacKenzie The paper became "more outrageous, opinionated and irreverent than anything ever produced in Britain".

Q1: What newspaper was founded by Express Newspaper?
A1: The Daily Star
Q2: By what year had The Daily Star started impacting The Sun's sales?
A2: 1981
Q3: What helped the Sun overcome the Daily Star's challenge?
A3: Bingo was introduced as a marketing tool and a 2p drop in cover price
Q4: Who became editor of the Sun in 1981?
A4: Kelvin MacKenzie
Q5: What impact was Mackenzie said to have?
A5: changed the British tabloid concept more profoundly than [Larry] Lamb did"
On 1 May, The Sun claimed to have 'sponsored' a British missile. Under the headline "Stick This Up Your Junta: A Sun missile for Galtieri’s gauchos", the newspaper published a photograph of a missile, (actually a Polaris missile stock shot from the Ministry of Defence) which had a large Sun logo printed on its side with the caption "Here It Comes, Senors..." underneath. The paper explained that it was 'sponsoring' the missile by contributing to the eventual victory party on HMS Invincible when the war ended. In copy written by Wendy Henry, the paper said that the missile would shortly be used against Argentinian forces. Despite this, it was not well received by the troops and copies of The Sun were soon burnt. Tony Snow, The Sun journalist on HMS Invincible who had 'signed' the missile, reported a few days later that it had hit an Argentinian target.

Q1: What did The Sun state that had it taken sponsorship of?
A1: a British missile
Q2: What did the wording on the side of The Sun missile state?
A2: "Here It Comes, Senors..."
Q3: Who did The Sun state that the missile would be used against?
A3: Argentinian forces
Q4: How did troops react to the missile?
A4: it was not well received
Q5: What was the name of The Sun journalist who reported on the missile?
A5: Tony Snow
One of the paper's best known front pages, published on 4 May 1982, commemorated the torpedoing of the Argentine ship the General Belgrano by running the story under the headline "GOTCHA". At MacKenzie's insistence, and against the wishes of Murdoch (the mogul was present because almost all the journalists were on strike), the headline was changed for later editions after the extent of Argentinian casualties became known. John Shirley, a reporter for The Sunday Times, witnessed copies of this edition of The Sun being thrown overboard by sailors and marines on HMS Fearless.

Q1: What was the Sun's headline on 4 May 1982?
A1: "GOTCHA"
Q2: Which Argentine ship was torpedoed?
A2: the General Belgrano
Q3: Why did The Sun change the wording of the headline?
A3: the extent of Argentinian casualties became known
Q4: Which reporter saw copies of The Sun being thrown into the ocean?
A4: John Shirley
Q5: What ship were copies of The Sun thrown from?
A5: HMS Fearless
After HMS Sheffield was wrecked by an Argentinian attack, The Sun was heavily criticised and even mocked for its coverage of the war in The Daily Mirror and The Guardian, and the wider media queried the veracity of official information and worried about the number of casualties, The Sun gave its response. "There are traitors in our midst", wrote leader writer Ronald Spark on 7 May, accusing commentators on Daily Mirror and The Guardian, plus the BBC's defence correspondent Peter Snow, of "treason" for aspects of their coverage.

Q1: Which ship was the target of Argentinian aggression?
A1: HMS Sheffield
Q2: Which newspapers were highly critical of The Sun's war reporting?
A2: The Daily Mirror and The Guardian
Q3: Who was lead writer of The Sun?
A3: Ronald Spark
Q4: Who was the BBC's defense correspondent?
A4: Peter Snow
Q5: What was the accusation leveled by Ronald Spark against The Daily Mirror, The Guardian, and BBC?
A5: treason
These years included what was called "spectacularly malicious coverage" of the Labour Party by The Sun and other newspapers. During the general election of 1983 The Sun ran a front page featuring an unflattering photograph of Michael Foot, then aged almost 70, claiming he was unfit to be Prime Minister on grounds of his age, appearance and policies, alongside the headline "Do You Really Want This Old Fool To Run Britain?" A year later, in 1984, The Sun made clear its enthusiastic support for the re-election of Ronald Reagan as president in the USA. Reagan was two weeks off his 74th birthday when he started his second term, in January 1985.

Q1: Who did The Sun say was not fit to be Prime Minister in 1983?
A1: Michael Foot
Q2: Which party was The Sun accused of covering maliciously?
A2: Labour Party
Q3: Who did The Sun support in the 1984 U.S. presidential election?
A3: Ronald Reagan
Q4: How old would Ronald Reagan turn soon after he began his second term as U.S. president?
A4: 74
Q5: What did the headline read that was run with Michael Foot's photo?
A5: "Do You Really Want This Old Fool To Run Britain?"
The Sun, during the Miners' strike of 1984–85, supported the police and the Thatcher government against the striking NUM miners, and in particular the union's president, Arthur Scargill. On 23 May 1984, The Sun prepared a front page with the headline "Mine Führer" and a photograph of Scargill with his arm in the air, a pose which made him look as though he was giving a Nazi salute. The print workers at The Sun refused to print it. The Sun strongly supported the April 1986 bombing of Libya by the US, which was launched from British bases. Several civilians were killed during the bombing. Their leader was "Right Ron, Right Maggie". That year, Labour MP Clare Short attempted in vain to persuade Parliament to outlaw the pictures on Page Three and gained opprobrium from the newspaper for her stand.

Q1: Who did The Sun support in the 1984-85 Miners' strike?
A1: the police and the Thatcher government
Q2: Who was president of the Miners' union?
A2: Arthur Scargill
Q3: What did a picture of Scargill have him appear to be doing?
A3: giving a Nazi salute
Q4: How did The Sun feel about the American bombing of Libya in 1986?
A4: strongly supported the April 1986 bombing
Q5: Who was Labour M.P. in 1986?
A5: Clare Short
Murdoch has responded to some of the arguments against the newspaper by saying that critics are "snobs" who want to "impose their tastes on everyone else", while MacKenzie claims the same critics are people who, if they ever had a "popular idea", would have to "go and lie down in a dark room for half an hour". Both have pointed to the huge commercial success of the Sun in this period and its establishment as Britain's top-selling newspaper, claiming that they are "giving the public what they want". This conclusion is disputed by critics. John Pilger has said that a late-1970s edition of the Daily Mirror, which replaced the usual celebrity and domestic political news items with an entire issue devoted to his own front-line reporting of the genocide in Pol Pot's Cambodia, not only outsold The Sun on the day it was issued but became the only edition of the Daily Mirror to ever sell every single copy issued throughout the country, something never achieved by The Sun.

Q1: How did Murdoch describe critics of his newspaper?
A1: "snobs" who want to "impose their tastes on everyone else"
Q2: What did Murdoch and Mackenzie say in defense of The Sun?
A2: they are "giving the public what they want"
Q3: Who is one critic of The Sun?
A3: John Pilger
Q4: What was the focus of Pilger's reporting in one issue of The Daily Mirror?
A4: the genocide in Pol Pot's Cambodia
Q5: What distinction does one single edition of The Daily Mirror hold?
A5: the only edition of the Daily Mirror to ever sell every single copy issued throughout the country
According to Max Clifford: Read All About It, written by Clifford and Angela Levin, La Salle invented the story out of frustration with Starr who had been working on a book with McCaffrey. She contacted an acquaintance who worked for The Sun in Manchester. The story reportedly delighted MacKenzie, who was keen to run it, and Max Clifford, who had been Starr's public relations agent. Starr had to be persuaded that the apparent revelation would not damage him; the attention helped to revive his career. In his 2001 autobiography Unwrapped, Starr wrote that the incident was a complete fabrication: "I have never eaten or even nibbled a live hamster, gerbil, guinea pig, mouse, shrew, vole or any other small mammal."

Q1: Who wrote Max Clifford: Read All About It?
A1: Clifford and Angela Levin
Q2: Who was writing a book with McCaffrey?
A2: Starr
Q3: Who was previously Starr's public relations agent?
A3: Max Clifford
Q4: How did attention from the story impact Starr's career?
A4: the attention helped to revive his career
Q5: What was the name of Starr's autobiography?
A5: Unwrapped
Eventually resulting in 17 libel writs in total, The Sun ran a series of false stories about the pop musician Elton John from 25 February 1987. They began with an invented account of the singer having sexual relationships with rent boys. The singer-songwriter was abroad on the day indicated in the story, as former Sun journalist John Blake, recently poached by the Daily Mirror, soon discovered. After further stories, in September 1987, The Sun accused John of having his Rottweiler guard dogs voice boxes surgically removed. In November, the Daily Mirror found their rival's only source for the rent boy story and he admitted it was a totally fictitious concoction created for money. The inaccurate story about his dogs, actually Alsatians, put pressure on The Sun, and John received £1 million in an out of court settlement, then the largest damages payment in British history. The Sun ran a front-page apology on 12 December 1988, under the banner headline "SORRY, ELTON". In May 1987 gay men were offered free one-way airline tickets to Norway to leave Britain for good: "Fly Away Gays - And We Will Pay" was the paper's headline. Gay Church of England clergymen were described in one headline in November 1987 as "Pulpit poofs".

Q1: How many libel writs did The Sun get for their coverage of Elton John?
A1: 17
Q2: Who did The Sun allege that Elton John had sex with?
A2: rent boys
Q3: What journalist did The Daily Mirror wrest from The Sun?
A3: John Blake
Q4: What breed of dog did The Sun mistakenly report that Elton John owned?
A4: Rottweiler
Q5: Where did The Sun offer to fly gay men in 1987?
A5: Norway
Television personality Piers Morgan, a former editor of the Daily Mirror and of The Sun's Bizarre pop column, has said that during the late 1980s, at Kelvin MacKenzie's behest, he was ordered to speculate on the sexuality of male pop stars for a feature headlined "The Poofs of Pop". He also recalls MacKenzie headlining a January 1989 story about the first same-sex kiss on the BBC television soap opera EastEnders "EastBenders", describing the kiss between Colin Russell and Guido Smith as "a homosexual love scene between yuppie poofs ... when millions of children were watching".

Q1: What did Piers Morgan offer opinions about in a late 1980s column?
A1: the sexuality of male pop stars
Q2: Which papers did Morgan serve as editor of?
A2: Daily Mirror and of The Sun
Q3: Which BBC show's homosexual kiss did The Sun report on?
A3: EastEnders
Q4: Who shared the first homosexual kiss on EastEnders?
A4: Colin Russell and Guido Smith
Q5: Which column did Piers Morgan edit at The Sun?
A5: Bizarre pop column
On 17 November 1989, The Sun headlined a page 2 news story titled "STRAIGHT SEX CANNOT GIVE YOU AIDS – OFFICIAL." The Sun favourably cited the opinions of Lord Kilbracken, a member of the All Parliamentary Group on AIDS. Lord Kilbracken said that only one person out of the 2,372 individuals with HIV/AIDS mentioned in a specific Department of Health report was not a member of a "high risk group", such as homosexuals and recreational drug users. The Sun also ran an editorial further arguing that "At last the truth can be told... the risk of catching AIDS if you are heterosexual is "statistically invisible". In other words, impossible. So now we know – everything else is homosexual propaganda." Although many other British press services covered Lord Kilbracken's public comments, none of them made the argument that the Sun did in its editorial and none of them presented Lord Kilbracken's ideas without context or criticism.

Q1: What was the headline for a page 2 Sun story on 17 November 1989?
A1: "STRAIGHT SEX CANNOT GIVE YOU AIDS – OFFICIAL."
Q2: Whose opinion did The Sun trust in their AIDS reporting?
A2: Lord Kilbracken
Q3: Which groups were classified as being at a high risk for AIDS?
A3: homosexuals and recreational drug users
Q4: With which group was Lord Kilbracken associated?
A4: All Parliamentary Group on AIDS
Q5: How did other news outlets report on Lord Kilbracken's words?
A5: none of them presented Lord Kilbracken's ideas without context or criticism
Critics stated that both The Sun and Lord Kilbracken cherry-picked the results from one specific study while ignoring other data reports on HIV infection and not just AIDS infection, which the critics viewed as unethical politicisation of a medical issue. Lord Kilbracken himself criticised The Sun's editorial and the headline of its news story; he stated that while he thought that gay people were more at risk of developing AIDS it was still wrong to imply that no one else could catch the disease. The Press Council condemned The Sun for committing what it called a "gross distortion". The Sun later ran an apology, which they ran on Page 28. Journalist David Randall argued in the textbook The Universal Journalist that The Sun's story was one of the worst cases of journalistic malpractice in recent history, putting its own readers in harm's way.

Q1: What did critics believe about The Sun and Lord Kilbracken's ideas on AIDS?
A1: The Sun and Lord Kilbracken cherry-picked the results from one specific study while ignoring other data reports on HIV infection and not just AIDS infection
Q2: What did Lord Kilbracken think of The Sun's editorial?
A2: Lord Kilbracken himself criticised The Sun's editorial and the headline of its news story
Q3: Who criticized The Sun for its reporting on AIDS and HIV?
A3: The Press Council
Q4: What did David Randall say about the Sun's AIDS story?
A4: The Sun's story was one of the worst cases of journalistic malpractice in recent history
Q5: In what textbook did David Randall write his opinion?
A5: The Universal Journalist
Under a front page headline "The Truth", the paper printed allegations provided to them that some fans picked the pockets of crushed victims, that others urinated on members of the emergency services as they tried to help and that some even assaulted a police constable "whilst he was administering the kiss of life to a patient." Despite the headline, written by Kelvin MacKenzie, the story was based on allegations either by unnamed and unattributable sources, or hearsay accounts of what named individuals had said – a fact made clear to MacKenzie by Harry Arnold, the reporter who wrote the story.

Q1: What did the paper report that some fans did?
A1: picked the pockets of crushed victims
Q2: Who was reported to have been assaulted while trying to help a patient?
A2: a police constable
Q3: Who wrote the headline "The Truth"?
A3: Kelvin MacKenzie
Q4: Who wrote the actual story?
A4: Harry Arnold
Q5: What was the story based on?
A5: allegations either by unnamed and unattributable sources, or hearsay accounts of what named individuals had said
The front page caused outrage in Liverpool, where the paper lost more than three-quarters of its estimated 55,000 daily sales and still sells poorly in the city more than 25 years later (around 12,000). It is unavailable in many parts of the city, as many newsagents refuse to stock it. It was revealed in a documentary called Alexei Sayle's Liverpool, aired in September 2008, that many Liverpudlians will not even take the newspaper for free, and those who do may simply burn or tear it up. Liverpudlians refer to the paper as 'The Scum' with campaigners believing it handicapped their fight for justice.

Q1: Where did The sun lose a large portion of its daily sales as a result of the front page?
A1: Liverpool
Q2: What were the estimated daily sales in Liverpool 25 years later?
A2: around 12,000
Q3: What documentary aired in 2008?
A3: Alexei Sayle's Liverpool
Q4: What do many Liverpool residents do with the paper even if given to them free?
A4: simply burn or tear it up
Q5: What name have Liverpool residents given to The Sun?
A5: The Scum'
On 7 July 2004, in response to verbal attacks in Liverpool on Wayne Rooney, just before his transfer from Everton to Manchester United, who had sold his life story to The Sun, the paper devoted a full-page editorial to an apology for the "awful error" of its Hillsborough coverage and argued that Rooney (who was still only three years old at the time of Hillsborough) should not be punished for its "past sins". In January 2005, The Sun's managing editor Graham Dudman admitting the Hillsborough coverage was "the worst mistake in our history", added: "What we did was a terrible mistake. It was a terrible, insensitive, horrible article, with a dreadful headline; but what we'd also say is: we have apologised for it, and the entire senior team here now is completely different from the team that put the paper out in 1989."

Q1: Which footballer was verbally attacked in Liverpool?
A1: Wayne Rooney
Q2: What team did Rooney transfer to?
A2: Manchester United
Q3: What was Rooney's age at the time of the Hillsborough disaster?
A3: three years old
Q4: Who was managing editor of The Sun in 2005?
A4: Graham Dudman
Q5: How did Dudman describe The Sun's Hillsborough coverage?
A5: "the worst mistake in our history"
The Sun remained loyal to Thatcher right up to her resignation in November 1990, despite the party's fall in popularity over the previous year following the introduction of the Poll tax (officially known as the Community Charge). This change to the way local government is funded was vociferously supported by the newspaper, despite widespread opposition, (some from Conservative MPs), which is seen as having contributed to Thatcher's own downfall. The tax was quickly repealed by her successor John Major, whom The Sun initially supported enthusiastically, believing he was a radical Thatcherite – despite the economy having entered recession at this time.

Q1: When did Margaret Thatcher leave office?
A1: November 1990
Q2: What is another name for the Community Charge?
A2: Poll tax
Q3: Who took over for Thatcher?
A3: John Major
Q4: Who opposed the poll tax?
A4: Conservative MPs
Q5: How did The Sun feel about the Poll tax?
A5: was vociferously supported by the newspaper
Despite its initial opposition to the closures, until 1997, the newspaper repeatedly called for the implementation of further Thatcherite policies, such as Royal Mail privatisation,[verification needed] and social security cutbacks, with leaders such as "Peter Lilley is right, we can't carry on like this",[verification needed] The paper showed hostility to the EU and approval of public spending cuts, tax cuts, and promotion of right-wing ministers to the cabinet, with leaders such as "More of the Redwood, not Deadwood".

Q1: What types of policies did The Sun support?
A1: Thatcherite policies
Q2: What is an example of a Thatcherite policy?
A2: Royal Mail privatisation
Q3: What was The Sun's stance toward the EU?
A3: The paper showed hostility
Q4: What's another thing the paper showed hostility to?
A4: promotion of right-wing ministers to the cabinet
Q5: What was The Sun's initial stance toward the closures?
A5: opposition