romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
Some researchers, such as Bruce Bagemihl, have criticized the labels "heterosexual" and "homosexual" as confusing and degrading. Bagemihl writes, "...the point of reference for 'heterosexual' or 'homosexual' orientation in this nomenclature is solely the individual's genetic sex prior to reassignment (see for example, Blanchard et al. 1987, Coleman and Bockting, 1988, Blanchard, 1989). These labels thereby ignore the individual's personal sense of gender identity taking precedence over biological sex, rather than the other way around." Bagemihl goes on to take issue with the way this terminology makes it easy to claim transsexuals are really homosexual males seeking to escape from stigma.

Q1: What does Bruce criticize the labels heterosexual and homsexual as?
A1: confusing and degrading
Q2: What does Bruce Bagemilh write about the labels homosexual and heterosexual terms?
A2: . These labels thereby ignore the individual's personal sense of gender identity taking precedence over biological sex, rather than the other way around
Q3: What does Bagemihl say a major issue with this terminology is?
A3: it easy to claim transsexuals are really homosexual males seeking to escape from stigma.
Often, sexual orientation and sexual orientation identity are not distinguished, which can impact accurately assessing sexual identity and whether or not sexual orientation is able to change; sexual orientation identity can change throughout an individual's life, and may or may not align with biological sex, sexual behavior or actual sexual orientation. While the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and American Psychiatric Association state that sexual orientation is innate, continuous or fixed throughout their lives for some people, but is fluid or changes over time for others, the American Psychological Association distinguishes between sexual orientation (an innate attraction) and sexual orientation identity (which may change at any point in a person's life).

Q1: What can impact accurately assesing sexual identity?
A1: sexual orientation and sexual orientation identity are not distinguished
Q2: What does the Centre For Addiction and Mental heal along with the American Psychiatric association state about sexual orientation?
A2: sexual orientation is innate, continuous or fixed throughout their lives for some people, but is fluid or changes over time for others,
Q3: What does the American Psychological Assocation distinguish between?
A3: sexual orientation (an innate attraction) and sexual orientation identity (which may change at any point in a person's life).
Known as the fraternal birth order (FBO) effect, this theory has been backed up by strong evidence of its prenatal origin, although no evidence thus far has linked it to an exact prenatal mechanism. However, research suggests that this may be of immunological origin, caused by a maternal immune reaction against a substance crucial to male fetal development during pregnancy, which becomes increasingly likely after every male gestation. As a result of this immune effect, alterations in later-born males' prenatal development have been thought to occur. This process, known as the maternal immunization hypothesis (MIH), would begin when cells from a male fetus enter the mother's circulation during pregnancy or while giving birth. These Y-linked proteins would not be recognized in the mother's immune system because she is female, causing her to develop antibodies which would travel through the placental barrier into the fetal compartment. From here, the anti-male bodies would then cross the blood/brain barrier (BBB) of the developing fetal brain, altering sex-dimorphic brain structures relative to sexual orientation, causing the exposed son to be more attracted to men over women.

Q1: What does the FBO effect stand for?
A1: fraternal birth order
Q2: What does this theory entail?
A2: prenatal origin, although no evidence thus far has linked it to an exact prenatal mechanism
Q3: What does research show about the FBO effect?
A3: this may be of immunological origin, caused by a maternal immune reaction against a substance crucial to male fetal development during pregnancy,
Q4: What does MIH stand for?
A4: maternal immunization hypothesis
Q5: What does BBB stand for?
A5: blood/brain barrier
The Kinsey scale, also called the Heterosexual-Homosexual Rating Scale, was first published in Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) by Alfred Kinsey, Wardell Pomeroy, and Clyde Martin and also featured in Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953). The scale was developed to combat the assumption at the time that people are either heterosexual or homosexual and that these two types represent antitheses in the sexual world. Recognizing that a large portion of population is not completely heterosexual or homosexual and people can experience both heterosexual and homosexual behavior and psychic responses, Kinsey et al., stated:

Q1: What other name does the KInsey scale go by?
A1: Heterosexual-Homosexual Rating Scale
Q2: When was the KInsey scale first published?
A2: 1948
Q3: Why was the KInsey scale developed?
A3: to combat the assumption at the time that people are either heterosexual or homosexual
Q4: What did KInsey state as his reasoning for the scale?
A4: Recognizing that a large portion of population is not completely heterosexual or homosexual and people can experience both heterosexual and homosexual behavior
Q5: Who else was featured in The sexual behavior of the human male?
A5: Wardell Pomeroy, and Clyde Martin
In response to the criticism of the Kinsey scale only measuring two dimensions of sexual orientation, Fritz Klein developed the Klein sexual orientation grid (KSOG), a multidimensional scale for describing sexual orientation. Introduced in Klein's book The Bisexual Option, the KSOG uses a 7-point scale to assess seven different dimensions of sexuality at three different points in an individual's life: past (from early adolescence up to one year ago), present (within the last 12 months), and ideal (what would you choose if it were completely your choice).

Q1: What does KSOG stand for?
A1: Klein sexual orientation grid
Q2: Who invented the KSOG?
A2: Fritz Klein
Q3: Why did pritz klein come up with the KSOG?
A3: response to the criticism of the Kinsey scale only measuring two dimensions of sexual orientation
Q4: What kind of scale does the KSOG use?
A4: a 7-point scale
Q5: What three points in life does the KSOG evaluate?
A5: past (from early adolescence up to one year ago), present (within the last 12 months), and ideal (what would you choose if it were completely your choice).
Though sexual attraction, behavior, and identity are all components of sexual orientation, if a person defined by one of these dimensions were congruent with those defined by another dimension it would not matter which was used in assessing orientation, but this is not the case. There is "little coherent relationship between the amount and mix of homosexual and heterosexual behavior in a person's biography and that person's choice to label himself or herself as bisexual, homosexual, or heterosexual". Individuals typically experience diverse attractions and behaviors that may reflect curiosity, experimentation, social pressure and is not necessarily indicative of an underlying sexual orientation. For example, a woman may have fantasies or thoughts about sex with other women but never act on these thoughts and only have sex with opposite gender partners. If sexual orientation was being assessed based on one's sexual attraction then this individual would be considered homosexual, but her behavior indicates heterosexuality.

Q1: What are sexual attraction. behavior, and idenity components of?
A1: sexual orientation
Q2: What do individuals typically experience?
A2: diverse attractions and behaviors that may reflect curiosity, experimentation, social pressure
Q3: What is there little coherent relationships between?
A3: the amount and mix of homosexual and heterosexual behavior in a person's biography and that person's choice to label himself
In the paper "Who's Gay? Does It Matter?", Ritch Savin-Williams proposes two different approaches to assessing sexual orientation until well positioned and psychometrically sound and tested definitions are developed that would allow research to reliably identify the prevalence, causes, and consequences of homosexuality. He first suggests that greater priority should be given to sexual arousal and attraction over behaviour and identity because it is less prone to self- and other-deception, social conditions and variable meanings. To measure attraction and arousal he proposed that biological measures should be developed and used. There are numerous biological/physiological measures that exist that can measure sexual orientation such as sexual arousal, brain scans, eye tracking, body odour preference, and anatomical variations such as digit-length ratio and right or left handedness. Secondly, Savin-Williams suggests that researchers should forsake the general notion of sexual orientation altogether and assess only those components that are relevant for the research question being investigated. For example:

Q1: Who wrote the paper "Whos Gay? Does It Matter?
A1: Ritch Savin-Williams
Q2: What does RItch SAvin-Williams propose in this paper?
A2: suggests that greater priority should be given to sexual arousal and attraction
Q3: What did he propose to measure attraction?
A3: that biological measures should be developed and used.
Q4: What else does Savin-Williams suggest?
A4: researchers should forsake the general notion of sexual orientation altogether
Q5: What components does he believe shoud be used in studies?
A5: assess only those components that are relevant for the research question being investigated
These studies suggest that men and women are different in terms of sexual arousal patterns and that this is also reflected in how their genitals react to sexual stimuli of both genders or even to non-human stimuli. Sexual orientation has many dimensions (attractions, behavior, identity), of which sexual arousal is the only product of sexual attractions which can be measured at present with some degree of physical precision. Thus, the fact that women are aroused by seeing non-human primates having sex does not mean that women's sexual orientation includes this type of sexual interest. Some researchers argue that women's sexual orientation depends less on their patterns of sexual arousal than men's and that other components of sexual orientation (like emotional attachment) must be taken into account when describing women's sexual orientations. In contrast, men's sexual orientations tend to be primarily focused on the physical component of attractions and, thus, their sexual feelings are more exclusively oriented according to sex.

Q1: What do these studies suggest?
A1: that men and women are different in terms of sexual arousal patterns
Q2: How is this reflected in the studies?
A2: in how their genitals react to sexual stimuli of both genders or even to non-human stimuli.
Q3: What are some dimensions of sexual orientation?
A3: attractions, behavior, identity
Q4: What do mens sexual orientations tend be focused on?
A4: physical component of attractions
Q5: What do researches believe must be taken into account for women in these studies?
A5: emotional attachment
One person may presume knowledge of another person's sexual orientation based upon perceived characteristics, such as appearance, clothing, tone of voice, and accompaniment by and behavior with other people. The attempt to detect sexual orientation in social situations is known as gaydar; some studies have found that guesses based on face photos perform better than chance. 2015 research suggests that "gaydar" is an alternate label for using LGBT stereotypes to infer orientation, and that face-shape is not an accurate indication of orientation.

Q1: What can make a person believe they know someone elses sexual orientation?
A1: perceived characteristics, such as appearance, clothing, tone of voice, and accompaniment by and behavior with other people
Q2: What is a term for someone who tries to determine someones sexuality?
A2: gaydar
Q3: What have somes studies show when researching how someone uses "gaydar"?
A3: that guesses based on face photos perform better than chance
Q4: What did research in 2015 suggest was an alternate label for gaydar?
A4: using LGBT stereotypes to infer orientation
Q5: What did this research also show about face-shape?
A5: not an accurate indication of orientation.
Estimates for the percentage of the population that are bisexual vary widely, at least in part due to differing definitions of bisexuality. Some studies only consider a person bisexual if they are nearly equally attracted to both sexes, and others consider a person bisexual if they are at all attracted to the same sex (for otherwise mostly heterosexual persons) or to the opposite sex (for otherwise mostly homosexual persons). A small percentage of people are not sexually attracted to anyone (asexuality). A study in 2004 placed the prevalence of asexuality at 1%.

Q1: What is part of the reason for the varying estimates of the bisexual population?
A1: due to differing definitions of bisexuality.
Q2: What is one way a study can view bisexuality?
A2: if they are nearly equally attracted to both sexes,
Q3: What is another way studies can view bisexuality?
A3: they are at all attracted to the same sex (for otherwise mostly heterosexual persons) or to the opposite sex (for otherwise mostly homosexual persons)
Q4: What is the percentage of asexuals?
A4: 1%.
Some historians and researchers argue that the emotional and affectionate activities associated with sexual-orientation terms such as "gay" and "heterosexual" change significantly over time and across cultural boundaries. For example, in many English-speaking nations, it is assumed that same-sex kissing, particularly between men, is a sign of homosexuality, whereas various types of same-sex kissing are common expressions of friendship in other nations. Also, many modern and historic cultures have formal ceremonies expressing long-term commitment between same-sex friends, even though homosexuality itself is taboo within the cultures.

Q1: What do historians and researches argue about concerning the emotional and affectionate activities?
A1: activities associated with sexual-orientation terms such as "gay" and "heterosexual" change significantly over time and across cultural boundaries.
Q2: What can be assumed in english speaking nations when two men kiss?
A2: is a sign of homosexuality
Q3: What do some cultures have formal ceremonies for?
A3: expressing long-term commitment between same-sex friends
Dell was listed at number 51 in the Fortune 500 list, until 2014. After going private in 2013, the newly confidential nature of its financial information prevents the company from being ranked by Fortune. In 2014 it was the third largest PC vendor in the world after Lenovo and HP. Dell is currently the #1 shipper of PC monitors in the world. Dell is the sixth largest company in Texas by total revenue, according to Fortune magazine. It is the second largest non-oil company in Texas – behind AT&T – and the largest company in the Greater Austin area. It was a publicly traded company (NASDAQ: DELL), as well as a component of the NASDAQ-100 and S&P 500, until it was taken private in a leveraged buyout which closed on October 30, 2013.

Q1: What number was dell on the Fortune 500 list until 2014?
A1: 51
Q2: When did Dell go private?
A2: 2013
Q3: Dell is currently the #1 shipper of what?
A3: PC monitors
Q4: In which state is Dell the sixth largest company?
A4: Texas
Q5: What PC vendor rank did Dell hold?
A5: third largest
Originally, Dell did not emphasize the consumer market, due to the higher costs and unacceptably low profit margins in selling to individuals and households; this changed when the company’s Internet site took off in 1996 and 1997. While the industry’s average selling price to individuals was going down, Dell's was going up, as second- and third-time computer buyers who wanted powerful computers with multiple features and did not need much technical support were choosing Dell. Dell found an opportunity among PC-savvy individuals who liked the convenience of buying direct, customizing their PC to their means, and having it delivered in days. In early 1997, Dell created an internal sales and marketing group dedicated to serving the home market and introduced a product line designed especially for individual users.

Q1: What market did Dell ignore at first?
A1: consumer market
Q2: When did Dell's internet site gain popularity?
A2: 1996
Q3: What was happening to Dell's average sale to individuals?
A3: going up
Q4: When did Dell create their internal marketing group?
A4: 1997
Dell had long stuck by its direct sales model. Consumers had become the main drivers of PC sales in recent years, yet there had a decline in consumers purchasing PCs through the Web or on the phone, as increasing numbers were visiting consumer electronics retail stores to try out the devices first. Dell's rivals in the PC industry, HP, Gateway and Acer, had a long retail presence and so were well poised to take advantage of the consumer shift. The lack of a retail presence stymied Dell's attempts to offer consumer electronics such as flat-panel TVs and MP3 players. Dell responded by experimenting with mall kiosks, plus quasi-retail stores in Texas and New York.

Q1: What sales model did Dell use for a long time?
A1: direct
Q2: Who were the main driving force behind PC sales?
A2: Consumers
Q3: Where were consumers going to buy devices other than online?
A3: consumer electronics retail stores
Q4: What market presence did Dell lack?
A4: retail
Q5: What was one city that Dell tested retail stores in?
A5: Texas
In the shrinking PC industry, Dell continued to lose market share, as it dropped below Lenovo in 2011 to fall to number three in the world. Dell and fellow American contemporary Hewlett Packard came under pressure from Asian PC manufacturers Lenovo, Asus, and Acer, all of which had lower production costs and willing to accept lower profit margins. In addition, while the Asian PC vendors had been improving their quality and design, for instance Lenovo's ThinkPad series was winning corporate customers away from Dell's laptops, Dell's customer service and reputation had been slipping. Dell remained the second-most profitable PC vendor, as it took 13 percent of operating profits in the PC industry during Q4 2012, behind Apple Inc.'s Macintosh that took 45 percent, seven percent at Hewlett Packard, six percent at Lenovo and Asus, and one percent for Acer.

Q1: What industry was getting smaller?
A1: PC
Q2: When did Dell fall behind Lenovo?
A2: 2011
Q3: What other American company fell behind Lenovo with Dell?
A3: Hewlett Packard
Q4: What PC was taking corporate customers from Dell?
A4: ThinkPad
Q5: What company was Dell behind in profits in 2012?
A5: Apple Inc.
Dell's manufacturing process covers assembly, software installation, functional testing (including "burn-in"), and quality control. Throughout most of the company's history, Dell manufactured desktop machines in-house and contracted out manufacturing of base notebooks for configuration in-house. The company's approach has changed, as cited in the 2006 Annual Report, which states, "We are continuing to expand our use of original design manufacturing partnerships and manufacturing outsourcing relationships." The Wall Street Journal reported in September 2008 that "Dell has approached contract computer manufacturers with offers to sell" their plants. By the late 2000s, Dell's "configure to order" approach of manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications from its US facilities was no longer as efficient or competitive with high-volume Asian contract manufacturers as PCs became powerful low-cost commodities.

Q1: Which of Dell's processes handles PC assembly, testing, and quality control?
A1: manufacturing
Q2: Where did Dell configure their notebooks?
A2: in-house
Q3: When did Dell describe their changing approach to manufacturing?
A3: 2006
Q4: Who reported that Dell was offering to sell their manufacturing plants?
A4: The Wall Street Journal
Q5: What manufacturers was Dell losing to efficiency-wise?
A5: Asian
Dell advertisements have appeared in several types of media including television, the Internet, magazines, catalogs and newspapers. Some of Dell Inc's marketing strategies include lowering prices at all times of the year, free bonus products (such as Dell printers), and free shipping to encourage more sales and stave off competitors. In 2006, Dell cut its prices in an effort to maintain its 19.2% market share. This also cut profit-margins by more than half, from 8.7 to 4.3 percent. To maintain its low prices, Dell continues to accept most purchases of its products via the Internet and through the telephone network, and to move its customer-care division to India and El Salvador.

Q1: What type of Dell media has appeared on TV, on the internet, and in magazines?
A1: advertisements
Q2: One of Dell's marketing strategies is what kind of shipping?
A2: free
Q3: What year did Dell cut its prices to keep its market share?
A3: 2006
Q4: By how much did Dell cut it's margins when it cut its prices?
A4: half
Q5: Where does Dell take most of its purchases for its products?
A5: Internet
In May 2008, Dell reached an agreement with office supply chain, Officeworks (part of Coles Group), to stock a few modified models in the Inspiron desktop and notebook range. These models have slightly different model numbers, but almost replicate the ones available from the Dell Store. Dell continued its retail push in the Australian market with its partnership with Harris Technology (another part of Coles Group) in November of the same year. In addition, Dell expanded its retail distributions in Australia through an agreement with discount electrical retailer, The Good Guys, known for "Slashing Prices". Dell agreed to distribute a variety of makes of both desktops and notebooks, including Studio and XPS systems in late 2008. Dell and Dick Smith Electronics (owned by Woolworths Limited) reached an agreement to expand within Dick Smith's 400 stores throughout Australia and New Zealand in May 2009 (1 year since Officeworks — owned by Coles Group — reached a deal). The retailer has agreed to distribute a variety of Inspiron and Studio notebooks, with minimal Studio desktops from the Dell range. As of 2009[update], Dell continues to run and operate its various kiosks in 18 shopping centres throughout Australia. On March 31, 2010 Dell announced to Australian Kiosk employees that they were shutting down the Australian/New Zealand Dell kiosk program.

Q1: What year did Dell make an agreement with Officeworks?
A1: 2008
Q2: What computer model did Dell ask Officeworks to carry?
A2: Inspiron
Q3: In which country did Dell partner with Harris Technology?
A3: Australian
Q4: What company did Dell team with in late 2008?
A4: Dick Smith Electronics
Q5: What year did Dell's Australian program end up shutting down?
A5: 2010