romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
The three desktop editions of Windows 8 support 32-bit and 64-bit architectures; retail copies of Windows 8 include install DVDs for both architectures, while the online installer automatically installs the version corresponding with the architecture of the system's existing Windows installation. The 32-bit version runs on CPUs compatible with x86 architecture 3rd generation (known as IA-32) or newer, and can run 32-bit and 16-bit applications, although 16-bit support must be enabled first. (16-bit applications are developed for CPUs compatible with x86 2nd generation, first conceived in 1978. Microsoft started moving away from this architecture after Windows 95.)

Q1: What architecture types does Windows 8 support?
A1: 32-bit and 64-bit
Q2: What is 16-bit support intended for?
A2: CPUs compatible with x86 2nd generation
Q3: When was x86 2nd generation created?
A3: 1978
Q4: How does the online Windows installer know which version to install?
A4: automatically installs the version corresponding with the architecture of the system's existing Windows installation
Windows RT, the only edition of Windows 8 for systems with ARM processors, only supports applications included with the system (such as a special version of Office 2013), supplied through Windows Update, or Windows Store apps, to ensure that the system only runs applications that are optimized for the architecture. Windows RT does not support running IA-32 or x64 applications. Windows Store apps can either support both the x86 and ARM architectures, or compiled to support a specific architecture.

Q1: What Windows version is compatible with ARM processors?
A1: Windows RT
Q2: What apps work on Windows RT?
A2: only supports applications included with the system
Q3: Why does Windows RT only work with apps included with the system?
A3: to ensure that the system only runs applications that are optimized for the architecture
Following the unveiling of Windows 8, Microsoft faced criticism (particularly from free software supporters) for mandating that devices receiving its optional certification for Windows 8 have secure boot enabled by default using a key provided by Microsoft. Concerns were raised that secure boot could prevent or hinder the use of alternate operating systems such as Linux. In a post discussing secure boot on the Building Windows 8 blog, Microsoft developer Tony Mangefeste indicated that vendors would provide means to customize secure boot, stating that "At the end of the day, the customer is in control of their PC. Microsoft's philosophy is to provide customers with the best experience first, and allow them to make decisions themselves." Microsoft's certification guidelines for Windows 8 ultimately revealed that vendors would be required to provide means for users to re-configure or disable secure boot in their device's UEFI firmware. It also revealed that ARM devices (Windows RT) would be required to have secure boot permanently enabled, with no way for users to disable it. However, Tom Warren of The Verge noted that other vendors have implemented similar hardware restrictions on their own ARM-based tablet and smartphone products (including those running Microsoft's own Windows Phone platform), but still argued that Microsoft should "keep a consistent approach across ARM and x86, though, not least because of the number of users who'd love to run Android alongside Windows 8 on their future tablets." No mandate is made regarding the installation of third-party certificates that would enable running alternative programs.

Q1: Who condemned Microsoft for requiring devices to have secure boot enabled by default?
A1: free software supporters
Q2: What resolution did Microsoft come to in their certificiation guidelines?
A2: vendors would be required to provide means for users to re-configure or disable secure boot
Q3: Who is Tony Mangefeste?
A3: Microsoft developer
Q4: What ideology does Microsoft follow?
A4: to provide customers with the best experience first, and allow them to make decisions themselves
Several notable video game developers criticized Microsoft for making its Windows Store a closed platform subject to its own regulations, as it conflicted with their view of the PC as an open platform. Markus "Notch" Persson (creator of the indie game Minecraft), Gabe Newell (co-founder of Valve Corporation and developer of software distribution platform Steam), and Rob Pardo from Activision Blizzard voiced concern about the closed nature of the Windows Store. However, Tom Warren of The Verge stated that Microsoft's addition of the Store was simply responding to the success of both Apple and Google in pursuing the "curated application store approach."

Q1: Who criticized Microsofts closed platform Windows Store?
A1: video game developers
Q2: Who created Minecraft?
A2: Markus "Notch" Persson
Q3: Who developed Steam?
A3: Gabe Newell
Q4: What company is Rob Pardo associated with?
A4: Activision Blizzard
Q5: What was the main reasoning behind the creation of the Windows Store?
A5: responding to the success of both Apple and Google in pursuing the "curated application store approach."
Reviews of the various editions of Windows 8 have been mixed. Tom Warren of The Verge said that although Windows 8's emphasis on touch computing was significant and risked alienating desktop users, a "tablet PC with Windows 8 makes an iPad feel immediately out of date" due to the capabilities of the operating system's hybrid model and increased focus on cloud services. David Pierce of The Verge described Windows 8 as "the first desktop operating system that understands what a computer is supposed to do in 2012" and praised Microsoft's "no compromise" approach and the operating system's emphasis on Internet connectivity and cloud services. Pierce also considered the Start Screen to be a "brilliant innovation for desktop computers" when compared with "folder-littered desktops on every other OS" because it allows users to interact with dynamic information. In contrast, an ExtremeTech article said it was Microsoft "flailing" and a review in PC Magazine condemned the Metro-style user interface. Some of the included apps in Windows 8 were considered to be basic and lacking in functionality, but the Xbox apps were praised for their promotion of a multi-platform entertainment experience. Other improvements and features (such as File History, Storage Spaces, and the updated Task Manager) were also regarded as positive changes. Peter Bright of Ars Technica wrote that while its user interface changes may overshadow them, Windows 8's improved performance, updated file manager, new storage functionality, expanded security features, and updated Task Manager were still positive improvements for the operating system. Bright also said that Windows 8's duality towards tablets and traditional PCs was an "extremely ambitious" aspect of the platform as well, but criticized Microsoft for emulating Apple's model of a closed distribution platform when implementing the Windows Store.

Q1: Who equated windos 8 as the first desktop operating system that understand what a computer is supposed to do?
A1: David Pierce
Q2: Why did Pierce give the Start Screen such glowing reviews?
A2: because it allows users to interact with dynamic information
Q3: Which improvements were most well regarded?
A3: File History, Storage Spaces, and the updated Task Manager
Q4: Who else uses a closed distribution platform?
A4: Apple
The interface of Windows 8 has been the subject of mixed reaction. Bright wrote that its system of hot corners and edge swiping "wasn't very obvious" due to the lack of instructions provided by the operating system on the functions accessed through the user interface, even by the video tutorial added on the RTM release (which only instructed users to point at corners of the screen or swipe from its sides). Despite this "stumbling block", Bright said that Windows 8's interface worked well in some places, but began to feel incoherent when switching between the "Metro" and desktop environments, sometimes through inconsistent means. Tom Warren of The Verge wrote that the new interface was "as stunning as it is surprising", contributing to an "incredibly personal" experience once it is customized by the user, but had a steep learning curve, and was awkward to use with a keyboard and mouse. He noted that while forcing all users to use the new touch-oriented interface was a risky move for Microsoft as a whole, it was necessary in order to push development of apps for the Windows Store. Others, such as Adrian Kingsley-Hughes from ZDNet, considered the interface to be "clumsy and impractical" due to its inconsistent design (going as far as considering it "two operating systems unceremoniously bolted together"), and concluded that "Windows 8 wasn't born out of a need or demand; it was born out of a desire on Microsoft's part to exert its will on the PC industry and decide to shape it in a direction—touch and tablets -- that allows it to compete against, and remain relevant in the face of Apple's iPad."

Q1: What makes the Windows 8 interface difficult to use?
A1: the lack of instructions provided by the operating system on the functions accessed through the user interface
Q2: Who said the Windows 8 interface was clumsy and impractical?
A2: Adrian Kingsley-Hughes
Q3: What kind of feedback has Windows 8 received?
A3: mixed
However, according to research firm NPD, sales of devices running Windows in the United States have declined 21 percent compared to the same time period in 2011. As the holiday shopping season wrapped up, Windows 8 sales continued to lag, even as Apple reported brisk sales. The market research firm IDC reported an overall drop in PC sales for the quarter, and said the drop may have been partly due to consumer reluctance to embrace the new features of the OS and poor support from OEM for these features. This capped the first year of declining PC sales to the Asia Pacific region, as consumers bought more mobile devices than Windows PCs.

Q1: What is IDC?
A1: market research firm
Q2: What is the decline in PC sales attributed to?
A2: consumers bought more mobile devices
Q3: How much of a decrease in sales have Windows devices experienced?
A3: 21 percent
Q4: While Windows sales went down, which company experienced an increase in sales?
A4: Apple
Windows 8 surpassed Windows Vista in market share with a 5.1% usage rate according to numbers posted in July 2013 by Net Applications, with usage on a steady upward trajectory. However, intake of Windows 8 still lags behind that of Windows Vista and Windows 7 at the same point in their release cycles. Windows 8's tablet market share has also been growing steadily, with 7.4% of tablets running Windows in Q1 2013 according to Strategy Analytics, up from nothing just a year before. However, this is still well below Android and iOS, which posted 43.4% and 48.2% market share respectively, although both operating systems have been on the market much longer than Windows 8. Strategy Analytics also noted "a shortage of top tier apps" for Windows tablets despite Microsoft strategy of paying developers to create apps for the operating system (in addition to for Windows Phone).

Q1: What percent of tablets were running Windows in Q1 2013/
A1: 7.4
Q2: What was Androids market share in 2013?
A2: 43.4%
Q3: What was teh iOS market share in 2013?
A3: 48.2%
Q4: What does Strategy Analytics say Windows tablets are lacking?
A4: top tier apps
Q5: When did Windows 8 surpass Windows Vistas market share?
A5: July 2013
In March 2013, Microsoft also amended its certification requirements to allow tablets to use the 1024×768 resolution as a minimum; this change is expected to allow the production of certified Windows 8 tablets in smaller form factors—a market which is currently dominated by Android-based tablets. Despite the reaction of industry experts, Microsoft reported that they had sold 100 million licenses in the first six months. This matched sales of Windows 7 over a similar period. This statistic includes shipments to channel warehouses which now need to be sold in order to make way for new shipments.

Q1: What changes did Microsoft make to its certification requirements in March 2013?
A1: amended its certification requirements to allow tablets to use the 1024×768 resolution as a minimum
Q2: Why did Microsoft change the tablet resolution minimum?
A2: to allow the production of certified Windows 8 tablets in smaller form factors
Q3: How many licenses did Microsoft sell in the first six months?
A3: 100 million
Q4: What controlled the small form tablet market at this time?
A4: Android-based tablets
In February 2014, Bloomberg reported that Microsoft would be lowering the price of Windows 8 licenses by 70% for devices that retail under US$250; alongside the announcement that an update to the operating system would allow OEMs to produce devices with as little as 1 GB of RAM and 16 GB of storage, critics felt that these changes would help Windows compete against Linux-based devices in the low-end market, particularly those running Chrome OS. Microsoft had similarly cut the price of Windows XP licenses to compete against the early waves of Linux-based netbooks. Reports also indicated that Microsoft was planning to offer cheaper Windows 8 licenses to OEMs in exchange for setting Internet Explorer's default search engine to Bing. Some media outlets falsely reported that the SKU associated with this plan, "Windows 8.1 with Bing", was a variant which would be a free or low-cost version of Windows 8 for consumers using older versions of Windows. On April 2, 2014, Microsoft ultimately announced that it would be removing license fees entirely for devices with screens smaller than 9 inches, and officially confirmed the rumored "Windows 8.1 with Bing" OEM SKU on May 23, 2014.

Q1: When did Microsoft make the existence of Windows 8.1 with Bing OEM SKU official?
A1: May 23, 2014
Q2: When did Microsoft remove license fees on device screens less than 9 inches?
A2: April 2, 2014
Q3: When did Windows 8 decrease the price of Windows 8 for devices that cost less than $250?
A3: February 2014
Q4: What was the benefit of Windows 8.1 with Bing?
A4: cheaper Windows 8 licenses to OEMs in exchange for setting Internet Explorer's default search engine to Bing
In May 2014, the Government of China banned the internal purchase of Windows 8-based products under government contracts requiring "energy-efficient" devices. The Xinhua News Agency claimed that Windows 8 was being banned in protest of Microsoft's support lifecycle policy and the end of support for Windows XP (which, as of January 2014, had a market share of 49% in China), as the government "obviously cannot ignore the risks of running OS [sic] without guaranteed technical support." However, Ni Guangnan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences had also previously warned that Windows 8 could allegedly expose users to surveillance by the United States government due to its heavy use of internet-based services.

Q1: When did the Chinese government ban the purchase of Windows 8 products?
A1: May 2014
Q2: Why did the Chinese government ban Windows 8 based products?
A2: in protest of Microsoft's support lifecycle policy and the end of support for Windows XP
Q3: What market share did Windows XP have in Chine?
A3: 49%
Q4: Who claimed that the Windows 8 would allow the US Government to spy on its users?
A4: Ni Guangnan
In June 2014, state broadcaster China Central Television (CCTV) broadcast a news story further characterizing Windows 8 as a threat to national security. The story featured an interview with Ni Guangnan, who stated that operating systems could aggregate "sensitive user information" that could be used to "understand the conditions and activities of our national economy and society", and alleged that per documents leaked by Edward Snowden, the U.S. government had worked with Microsoft to retrieve encrypted information. Yang Min, a computer scientist at Fudan University, also stated that "the security features of Windows 8 are basically to the benefit of Microsoft, allowing them control of the users' data, and that poses a big challenge to the national strategy for information security." Microsoft denied the claims in a number of posts on the Chinese social network Sina Weibo, which stated that the company had never "assisted any government in an attack of another government or clients" or provided client data to the U.S. government, never "provided any government the authority to directly visit" or placed any backdoors in its products and services, and that it had never concealed government requests for client data.

Q1: What does CCTV stand for?
A1: China Central Television
Q2: What is the name of the Chinese social network?
A2: Sina Weibo
Q3: Who claimed that the Window 8 OS could gather sensitive user information?
A3: Ni Guangnan
Q4: Where did Yang Min practice as a computer scientiest?
A4: Fudan University
An upgrade to Windows 8 known as Windows 8.1 was officially announced by Microsoft on May 14, 2013. Following a presentation devoted to the upgrade at Build 2013, a public beta version of the upgrade was released on June 26, 2013. Windows 8.1 was released to OEM hardware partners on August 27, 2013, and released publicly as a free download through Windows Store on October 17, 2013. Volume license customers and subscribers to MSDN Plus and TechNet Plus were initially unable to obtain the RTM version upon its release; a spokesperson said the policy was changed to allow Microsoft to work with OEMs "to ensure a quality experience at general availability." However, after criticism, Microsoft reversed its decision and released the RTM build on MSDN and TechNet on September 9, 2013.

Q1: When was Windows 8.1 introduced?
A1: May 14, 2013
Q2: When did Microsoft release the beta version of Windows 8.1?
A2: June 26, 2013
Q3: When did MSDN and TechNet users gain access to Windows 8.1?
A3: September 9, 2013
The upgrade addressed a number of criticisms faced by Windows 8 upon its release, with additional customization options for the Start screen, the restoration of a visible Start button on the desktop, the ability to snap up to four apps on a single display, and the ability to boot to the desktop instead of the Start screen. Windows 8's stock apps were also updated, a new Bing-based unified search system was added, SkyDrive was given deeper integration with the operating system, and a number of new stock apps, along with a tutorial, were added. Windows 8.1 also added support for 3D printing, Miracast media streaming, NFC printing, and Wi-Fi Direct.

Q1: What search engine was added in Windows 8.1?
A1: Bing-based unified search system
Q2: How did the Windows 8.1 upgrade enhance desktop startup?
A2: ability to boot to the desktop instead of the Start screen
Q3: What main feature was added back to the desktop?
A3: a visible Start button
Q4: How many apps did the WIndows 8.1 update allow to be snapped onto a signular display?
A4: up to four
At no more than 200 kilometres (120 mi) north to south and 130 kilometres (81 mi) east to west, Swaziland is one of the smallest countries in Africa. Despite its size, however, its climate and topography is diverse, ranging from a cool and mountainous highveld to a hot and dry lowveld. The population is primarily ethnic Swazis whose language is siSwati. They established their kingdom in the mid-18th century under the leadership of Ngwane III; the present boundaries were drawn up in 1881. After the Anglo-Boer War, Swaziland was a British protectorate from 1903 until 1967. It regained its independence on 6 September 1968.

Q1: How wide is Swaziland in miles??
A1: 81 mi
Q2: What is the primary language spoken by the people in Swaziland?
A2: siSwati
Q3: In terms of size where does Swaziland rank within Africa in terms of country size?
A3: one of the smallest
Q4: When did the ethnic Swazis establish a kingdom?
A4: mid-18th century
Q5: Who was the leader of the 18th century Swazi kingdom?
A5: Ngwane III
Swaziland is a developing country with a small economy. Its GDP per capita of $9,714 means it is classified as a country with a lower-middle income. As a member of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), its main local trading partner is South Africa. Swaziland's currency, the lilangeni, is pegged to the South African rand. Swaziland's major overseas trading partners are the United States and the European Union. The majority of the country's employment is provided by its agricultural and manufacturing sectors. Swaziland is a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union, the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations.

Q1: What is the per capita GDP of Swaziland?
A1: $9,714
Q2: What is the SACU?
A2: Southern African Customs Union
Q3: What is the lilangeni?
A3: Swaziland's currency
Q4: What does the acronym COMESA represent?
A4: Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
Q5: What form of currency is the lilangeni fixed to?
A5: South African rand
Swaziland derives its name from a later king named Mswati II. KaNgwane, named for Ngwane III, is an alternative name for Swaziland the surname of whose royal house remains Nkhosi Dlamini. Nkhosi literally means "king". Mswati II was the greatest of the fighting kings of Swaziland, and he greatly extended the area of the country to twice its current size. The Emakhandzambili clans were initially incorporated into the kingdom with wide autonomy, often including grants of special ritual and political status. The extent of their autonomy however was drastically curtailed by Mswati, who attacked and subdued some of them in the 1850s.

Q1: What is the literal translation of Nkhosi?
A1: king
Q2: What did Mswati II do to the land controlled by Swaziland during his reign?
A2: greatly extended the area of the country
Q3: In terms of the most successful Swaziland kings in battle, who was the best?
A3: Mswati II
Q4: What groups did Mswati attack in the mid 19th century?
A4: Emakhandzambili clans
Q5: Where does the name Swaziland originate?
A5: Mswati II. KaNgwane
In 1903, after British victory in the Anglo-Boer war, Swaziland became a British protectorate. Much of its early administration (for example, postal services) being carried out from South Africa until 1906 when the Transvaal colony was granted self-government. Following this, Swaziland was partitioned into European and non-European (or native reserves) areas with the former being two-thirds of the total land. Sobhuza's official coronation was in December 1921 after the regency of Labotsibeni after which he led an unsuccessful deputation to the Privy council in London in 1922 regarding the issue of the land.

Q1: In what year did the British take Swaziland on as a protectorate?
A1: 1903
Q2: What 1903 conflict involving the British caused Swaziland to become a protectorate?
A2: Anglo-Boer war
Q3: In what year was Swaziland given self governance?
A3: 1906
Q4: How much of Swaziland did the European area contain after the portioning?
A4: two-thirds of the total land
Q5: When was Sobhuza coronated?
A5: December 1921
The constitution for independent Swaziland was promulgated by Britain in November 1963 under the terms of which legislative and executive councils were established. This development was opposed by the Swazi National Council (liqoqo). Despite such opposition, elections took place and the first Legislative Council of Swaziland was constituted on 9 September 1964. Changes to the original constitution proposed by the Legislative Council were accepted by Britain and a new constitution providing for a House of Assembly and Senate was drawn up. Elections under this constitution were held in 1967.

Q1: When did the Swaziland constitution come to be?
A1: November 1963
Q2: What is another way to refer to the Swazi National Council?
A2: liqoqo
Q3: When was the Legislative Council of Swaziland first created?
A3: 9 September 1964
Q4: When did elections that provided for a House of Assembly for Swaziland occur?
A4: 1967