romikgosai/squad_modified_2 huggingface dataset:
From outside the United Kingdom and the United States, the Canadian trio Rush released three distinctively hard rock albums in 1974–75 (Rush, Fly by Night and Caress of Steel) before moving toward a more progressive sound with the 1976 album 2112. The Irish band Thin Lizzy, which had formed in the late 1960s, made their most substantial commercial breakthrough in 1976 with the hard rock album Jailbreak and their worldwide hit "The Boys Are Back in Town", which reached number 8 in the UK and number 12 in the US. Their style, consisting of two duelling guitarists often playing leads in harmony, proved itself to be a large influence on later bands. They reached their commercial, and arguably their artistic peak with Black Rose: A Rock Legend (1979). The arrival of Scorpions from Germany marked the geographical expansion of the subgenre. Australian-formed AC/DC, with a stripped back, riff heavy and abrasive style that also appealed to the punk generation, began to gain international attention from 1976, culminating in the release of their multi-platinum albums Let There Be Rock (1977) and Highway to Hell (1979). Also influenced by a punk ethos were heavy metal bands like Motörhead, while Judas Priest abandoned the remaining elements of the blues in their music, further differentiating the hard rock and heavy metal styles and helping to create the New Wave of British Heavy Metal which was pursued by bands like Iron Maiden, Saxon and Venom.

Q1: The band Rush is what nationality?
A1: Canadian
Q2: What are the first three Rush albums?
A2: Rush, Fly by Night and Caress of Steel
Q3: What nationality was Thin Lizzy?
A3: Irish
Q4: What was Thin Lizzy's hit single?
A4: "The Boys Are Back in Town"
Q5: The Scorpions hailed from what country?
A5: Germany
Bon Jovi's third album, Slippery When Wet (1986), mixed hard rock with a pop sensitivity and spent a total of 8 weeks at the top of the Billboard 200 album chart, selling 12 million copies in the US while becoming the first hard rock album to spawn three top 10 singles — two of which reached number one. The album has been credited with widening the audiences for the genre, particularly by appealing to women as well as the traditional male dominated audience, and opening the door to MTV and commercial success for other bands at the end of the decade. The anthemic The Final Countdown (1986) by Swedish group Europe was an international hit, reaching number eight on the US charts while hitting the top 10 in nine other countries. This era also saw more glam-infused American hard rock bands come to the forefront, with both Poison and Cinderella releasing their multi-platinum début albums in 1986. Van Halen released 5150 (1986), their first album with Sammy Hagar on lead vocals, which was number one in the US for three weeks and sold over 6 million copies. By the second half of the decade, hard rock had become the most reliable form of commercial popular music in the United States.

Q1: What is the title of Bon Jovi's third lp?
A1: Slippery When Wet
Q2: How many copies did this record sell?
A2: 12 million
Q3: What was the band Europe's international hit?
A3: The Final Countdown
Q4: What was Van Halen's 1986 album called?
A4: 5150
Q5: Who was the new lead singer for Van Halen on 5150?
A5: Sammy Hagar
Some established acts continued to enjoy commercial success, such as Aerosmith, with their number one multi-platinum albums: Get a Grip (1993), which produced four Top 40 singles and became the band's best-selling album worldwide (going on to sell over 10 million copies), and Nine Lives (1997). In 1998, Aerosmith released the number one hit "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing", which remains the only single by a hard rock band to debut at number one. AC/DC produced the double platinum Ballbreaker (1995). Bon Jovi appealed to their hard rock audience with songs such as "Keep the Faith" (1992), but also achieved success in adult contemporary radio, with the Top 10 ballads "Bed of Roses" (1993) and "Always" (1994). Bon Jovi's 1995 album These Days was a bigger hit in Europe than it was in the United States, spawning four Top 10 singles on the UK Singles Chart. Metallica's Load (1996) and ReLoad (1997) each sold in excess of 4 million copies in the US and saw the band develop a more melodic and blues rock sound. As the initial impetus of grunge bands faltered in the middle years of the decade, post-grunge bands emerged. They emulated the attitudes and music of grunge, particularly thick, distorted guitars, but with a more radio-friendly commercially oriented sound that drew more directly on traditional hard rock. Among the most successful acts were the Foo Fighters, Candlebox, Live, Collective Soul, Australia's Silverchair and England's Bush, who all cemented post-grunge as one of the most commercially viable subgenres by the late 1990s. Similarly, some post-Britpop bands that followed in the wake of Oasis, including Feeder and Stereophonics, adopted a hard rock or "pop-metal" sound.

Q1: What Aerosmith ballad debuted at number one on the charts?
A1: "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing"
Q2: What was the title of AC/DC's 1995 double lp?
A2: Ballbreaker
Q3: Bon Jovi's 1995 album was called what?
A3: These Days
Q4: What commercially successful sub-genre emerged from the grunge movement?
A4: post-grunge
Q5: When did Aerosmith's album Get A Grip come out?
A5: 1993
Hard rock developed into a major form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as Led Zeppelin, The Who, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC and Van Halen. During the 1980s, some hard rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock, while others began to return to a hard rock sound. Established bands made a comeback in the mid-1980s and it reached a commercial peak in the 1980s, with glam metal bands like Bon Jovi and Def Leppard and the rawer sounds of Guns N' Roses, which followed up with great success in the later part of that decade. Hard rock began losing popularity with the commercial success of grunge and later Britpop in the 1990s.

Q1: What are two examples of glam metal bands?
A1: Bon Jovi and Def Leppard
Q2: What two genres cut into hard rock's popularity at the end of the 1980s and early 1990s?
A2: grunge and later Britpop
Q3: What were some hard rock bands of the 1970s?
A3: Led Zeppelin, The Who, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC and Van Halen
Q4: What style did some hard rock bands embrace in the 1980s?
A4: pop rock
The roots of hard rock can be traced back to the 1950s, particularly electric blues, which laid the foundations for key elements such as a rough declamatory vocal style, heavy guitar riffs, string-bending blues-scale guitar solos, strong beat, thick riff-laden texture, and posturing performances. Electric blues guitarists began experimenting with hard rock elements such as driving rhythms, distorted guitar solos and power chords in the 1950s, evident in the work of Memphis blues guitarists such as Joe Hill Louis, Willie Johnson, and particularly Pat Hare, who captured a "grittier, nastier, more ferocious electric guitar sound" on records such as James Cotton's "Cotton Crop Blues" (1954). Other antecedents include Link Wray's instrumental "Rumble" in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as "Let's Go Trippin'" (1961) and "Misirlou" (1962).

Q1: What genre laid the roots for hard rock?
A1: electric blues
Q2: Who recorded "Rumble"?
A2: Link Wray
Q3: When was "Rumble" released?
A3: 1958
Q4: What were two of Dick Dale's better known songs?
A4: "Let's Go Trippin'" (1961) and "Misirlou" (1962)
Q5: What city's blues style produced hard rock precursors in electric blues?
A5: Memphis
In the early 1970s the Rolling Stones developed their hard rock sound with Exile on Main St. (1972). Initially receiving mixed reviews, according to critic Steve Erlewine it is now "generally regarded as the Rolling Stones' finest album". They continued to pursue the riff-heavy sound on albums including It's Only Rock 'n' Roll (1974) and Black and Blue (1976). Led Zeppelin began to mix elements of world and folk music into their hard rock from Led Zeppelin III (1970) and Led Zeppelin IV (1971). The latter included the track "Stairway to Heaven", which would become the most played song in the history of album-oriented radio. Deep Purple continued to define hard rock, particularly with their album Machine Head (1972), which included the tracks "Highway Star" and "Smoke on the Water". In 1975 guitarist Ritchie Blackmore left, going on to form Rainbow and after the break-up of the band the next year, vocalist David Coverdale formed Whitesnake. 1970 saw The Who release Live at Leeds, often seen as the archetypal hard rock live album, and the following year they released their highly acclaimed album Who's Next, which mixed heavy rock with extensive use of synthesizers. Subsequent albums, including Quadrophenia (1973), built on this sound before Who Are You (1978), their last album before the death of pioneering rock drummer Keith Moon later that year.

Q1: What was the landmark hard rock album recorded by the Rolling Stones in 1972?
A1: Exile on Main St.
Q2: Which Led Zeppelin album featured the hit "Stairway to Heaven"?
A2: Led Zeppelin IV
Q3: What two hard rock songs are featured on Deep Purple's Machine Head album?
A3: "Highway Star" and "Smoke on the Water"
Q4: Who was Deep Purple's guitarist?
A4: Ritchie Blackmore
Q5: Who was the drummer for The Who?
A5: Keith Moon
The opening years of the 1980s saw a number of changes in personnel and direction of established hard rock acts, including the deaths of Bon Scott, the lead singer of AC/DC, and John Bonham, drummer with Led Zeppelin. Whereas Zeppelin broke up almost immediately afterwards, AC/DC pressed on, recording the album Back in Black (1980) with their new lead singer, Brian Johnson. It became the fifth-highest-selling album of all time in the US and the second-highest-selling album in the world. Black Sabbath had split with original singer Ozzy Osbourne in 1979 and replaced him with Ronnie James Dio, formerly of Rainbow, giving the band a new sound and a period of creativity and popularity beginning with Heaven and Hell (1980). Osbourne embarked on a solo career with Blizzard of Ozz (1980), featuring American guitarist Randy Rhoads. Some bands, such as Queen, moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock, while others, including Rush with Moving Pictures (1981), began to return to a hard rock sound. The creation of thrash metal, which mixed heavy metal with elements of hardcore punk from about 1982, particularly by Metallica, Anthrax, Megadeth and Slayer, helped to create extreme metal and further remove the style from hard rock, although a number of these bands or their members would continue to record some songs closer to a hard rock sound. Kiss moved away from their hard rock roots toward pop metal: firstly removing their makeup in 1983 for their Lick It Up album, and then adopting the visual and sound of glam metal for their 1984 release, Animalize, both of which marked a return to commercial success. Pat Benatar was one of the first women to achieve commercial success in hard rock, with three successive Top 5 albums between 1980 and 1982.

Q1: Who was the original lead singer of AC/DC who died?
A1: Bon Scott
Q2: Who was the Led Zeppelin drummer who passed away?
A2: John Bonham
Q3: What singer replaced Ozzy Osbourne in Black Sabbath?
A3: Ronnie James Dio
Q4: What was Ozzy Osbourne's first solo album?
A4: Blizzard of Ozz
Q5: What are some thrash metal bands?
A5: Metallica, Anthrax, Megadeth and Slayer
Hard rock entered the 1990s as one of the dominant forms of commercial music. The multi-platinum releases of AC/DC's The Razors Edge (1990), Guns N' Roses' Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II (both in 1991), Ozzy Osbourne's No More Tears (1991), and Van Halen's For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge (1991) showcased this popularity. Additionally, The Black Crowes released their debut album, Shake Your Money Maker (1990), which contained a bluesy classic rock sound and sold five million copies. In 1992, Def Leppard followed up 1987's Hysteria with Adrenalize, which went multi-platinum, spawned four Top 40 singles and held the number one spot on the US album chart for five weeks.

Q1: Guns N Roses released both Use Your Illusion albums in what year?
A1: 1991
Q2: What band's debut was titled Shake Your Money Maker?
A2: The Black Crowes
Q3: What was the title of Def Leppard's 1992 album?
A3: Adrenalize
Q4: Adrenalize followed what 1987 Def Leppard record?
A4: Hysteria
Q5: Adrenalize topped US album charts for how long?
A5: five weeks
The term "retro-metal" has been applied to such bands as Texas based The Sword, California's High on Fire, Sweden's Witchcraft and Australia's Wolfmother. Wolfmother's self-titled 2005 debut album combined elements of the sounds of Deep Purple and Led Zeppelin. Fellow Australians Airbourne's début album Runnin' Wild (2007) followed in the hard riffing tradition of AC/DC. England's The Darkness' Permission to Land (2003), described as an "eerily realistic simulation of '80s metal and '70s glam", topped the UK charts, going quintuple platinum. The follow-up, One Way Ticket to Hell... and Back (2005), reached number 11, before the band broke up in 2006. Los Angeles band Steel Panther managed to gain a following by sending up 80s glam metal. A more serious attempt to revive glam metal was made by bands of the sleaze metal movement in Sweden, including Vains of Jenna, Hardcore Superstar and Crashdïet.

Q1: When did the band The Darkness break up?
A1: 2006
Q2: The Sword, High on Fire, Witchcraft and Wolfmother are all examples of what hard rock sub-genre?
A2: retro-metal
Q3: What is the title of Airbourne's debut lp?
A3: Runnin' Wild
Q4: Glam metal band Steel Panther is from what city?
A4: Los Angeles
Q5: What are some Swedish sleaze metal revivalist bands?
A5: Vains of Jenna, Hardcore Superstar and Crashdïet
In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to modify rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming, and louder vocals, from electric blues. Early forms of hard rock can be heard in the work of Chicago blues musicians Elmore James, Muddy Waters, and Howlin' Wolf, The Kingsmen's version of "Louie Louie" (1963) which made it a garage rock standard, and the songs of rhythm and blues influenced British Invasion acts, including "You Really Got Me" by The Kinks (1964), "My Generation" by The Who (1965), "Shapes of Things" (1966) by The Yardbirds and "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" (1965) by The Rolling Stones. From the late 1960s, it became common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft and hard rock. Soft rock was often derived from folk rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody and harmonies. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from blues rock and was played louder and with more intensity.

Q1: Who were three Chicago blues players who influenced hard rock?
A1: Elmore James, Muddy Waters, and Howlin' Wolf
Q2: Who recorded "You Really Got Me"?
A2: The Kinks
Q3: "Shapes of Things" was a 1966 single by what band?
A3: The Yardbirds
Q4: What garage rock classic was recorded by The Kingsmen?
A4: "Louie Louie"
Q5: When did the Rolling Stones release "(I Can't Get No" Satisfaction"?
A5: 1965
Emerging British acts included Free, who released their signature song "All Right Now" (1970), which has received extensive radio airplay in both the UK and US. After the breakup of the band in 1973, vocalist Paul Rodgers joined supergroup Bad Company, whose eponymous first album (1974) was an international hit. The mixture of hard rock and progressive rock, evident in the works of Deep Purple, was pursued more directly by bands like Uriah Heep and Argent. Scottish band Nazareth released their self-titled début album in 1971, producing a blend of hard rock and pop that would culminate in their best selling, Hair of the Dog (1975), which contained the proto-power ballad "Love Hurts". Having enjoyed some national success in the early 1970s, Queen, after the release of Sheer Heart Attack (1974) and A Night at the Opera (1975), gained international recognition with a sound that used layered vocals and guitars and mixed hard rock with heavy metal, progressive rock, and even opera. The latter featured the single "Bohemian Rhapsody", which stayed at number one in the UK charts for nine weeks.

Q1: When did Free break up?
A1: 1973
Q2: What band did Free lead singer Paul Rodgers help form?
A2: Bad Company
Q3: Bad Company's self titled debut album was released in what year?
A3: 1974
Q4: What nationality was the band Nazareth?
A4: Scottish
Q5: What was Queen's massive 1975 hit single called?
A5: "Bohemian Rhapsody"
Often categorised with the New Wave of British Heavy Metal, in 1981 Def Leppard released their second album High 'n' Dry, mixing glam-rock with heavy metal, and helping to define the sound of hard rock for the decade. The follow-up Pyromania (1983), reached number two on the American charts and the singles "Photograph", "Rock of Ages" and "Foolin'", helped by the emergence of MTV, all reached the Top 40. It was widely emulated, particularly by the emerging Californian glam metal scene. This was followed by US acts like Mötley Crüe, with their albums Too Fast for Love (1981) and Shout at the Devil (1983) and, as the style grew, the arrival of bands such as Ratt, White Lion, Twisted Sister and Quiet Riot. Quiet Riot's album Metal Health (1983) was the first glam metal album, and arguably the first heavy metal album of any kind, to reach number one in the Billboard music charts and helped open the doors for mainstream success by subsequent bands.

Q1: What sub-genre of hard rock does Def Leppard belong to?
A1: the New Wave of British Heavy Metal
Q2: What was Def Leppard's second album called?
A2: High 'n' Dry
Q3: What were the three Top 40 singles from Def Leppard's Pyromania album?
A3: "Photograph", "Rock of Ages" and "Foolin'"
Q4: What band had the first glam metal album to hit number one on the Billboard charts?
A4: Quiet Riot
Q5: When did Motley Crue's album Shout At The Devil come out?
A5: 1983
While these few hard rock bands managed to maintain success and popularity in the early part of the decade, alternative forms of hard rock achieved mainstream success in the form of grunge in the US and Britpop in the UK. This was particularly evident after the success of Nirvana's Nevermind (1991), which combined elements of hardcore punk and heavy metal into a "dirty" sound that made use of heavy guitar distortion, fuzz and feedback, along with darker lyrical themes than their "hair band" predecessors. Although most grunge bands had a sound that sharply contrasted mainstream hard rock, several, including Pearl Jam, Alice in Chains, Mother Love Bone and Soundgarden, were more strongly influenced by 1970s and 1980s rock and metal, while Stone Temple Pilots managed to turn alternative rock into a form of stadium rock. However, all grunge bands shunned the macho, anthemic and fashion-focused aesthetics particularly associated with glam metal. In the UK, Oasis were unusual among the Britpop bands of the mid-1990s in incorporating a hard rock sound.

Q1: What was the title of Nirvana's 1991 album?
A1: Nevermind
Q2: What was the hard rock style that emerged in the early 1990s?
A2: grunge
Q3: What are some grunge bands with a strong 1970s influence?
A3: Pearl Jam, Alice in Chains, Mother Love Bone and Soundgarden
Q4: What 1990s hard rock band had a big stadium rock sound?
A4: Stone Temple Pilots
Q5: What element made Oasis unique among 1990s Britpop bands?
A5: a hard rock sound
Although Foo Fighters continued to be one of the most successful rock acts, with albums like In Your Honor (2005) reaching number two in the US and UK, many of the first wave of post-grunge bands began to fade in popularity. Acts like Creed, Staind, Puddle of Mudd and Nickelback took the genre into the 2000s with considerable commercial success, abandoning most of the angst and anger of the original movement for more conventional anthems, narratives and romantic songs. They were followed in this vein by new acts including Shinedown and Seether. Acts with more conventional hard rock sounds included Andrew W.K., Beautiful Creatures and Buckcherry, whose breakthrough album 15 (2006) went platinum and spawned the single "Sorry" (2007), which made the Top 10 of the Billboard 100. These were joined by bands with hard rock leanings that emerged in the mid-2000s from the garage rock or post punk revival, including Black Rebel Motorcycle Club and Kings of Leon, and Queens of the Stone Age from the US, Three Days Grace from Canada, Jet from Australia and The Datsuns from New Zealand. In 2009 Them Crooked Vultures, a supergroup that brought together Foo Fighters' Dave Grohl, Queens of the Stone Age's Josh Homme and Led Zeppelin bass player John Paul Jones attracted attention as a live act and released a self-titled debut album that reached the top 20 in the US and UK and the top ten in several other countries.

Q1: When did the Foo Fighters album In Your Honor come out?
A1: 2005
Q2: Three Days Grace is from what country?
A2: Canada
Q3: The band Jet is from what country?
A3: Australia
Q4: What supergroup featured members of Foo Fighters, Queens of the Stone Age and Led Zeppelin?
A4: Them Crooked Vultures
Q5: What was the title of Buckcherry's 2007 hit single?
A5: "Sorry"
Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music. The electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong bass drum and a backbeat on snare, sometimes using cymbals for emphasis. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, but usually providing a backing for the rhythm and lead guitars. Vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice.

Q1: What instrument is usually at the center of a hard rock sound?
A1: The electric guitar
Q2: Rhythm guitar in hard rock usually plays what?
A2: repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity
Q3: In hard rock, an electric guitar can also be used for what?
A3: a solo lead instrument
Q4: What carries the backbeat in hard rock drumming?
A4: snare
Q5: What instrument works in tandem with the drums to provide hard rock rhythms?
A5: The bass guitar
Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, and The Jeff Beck Group. Cream, in songs like "I Feel Free" (1966) combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia, particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton. Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz, blues and rock and roll. From 1967 Jeff Beck brought lead guitar to new heights of technical virtuosity and moved blues rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band, The Jeff Beck Group. Dave Davies of The Kinks, Keith Richards of The Rolling Stones, Pete Townshend of The Who, Hendrix, Clapton and Beck all pioneered the use of new guitar effects like phasing, feedback and distortion. The Beatles began producing songs in the new hard rock style beginning with the White Album in 1968 and, with the track "Helter Skelter", attempted to create a greater level of noise than the Who. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic has described the "proto-metal roar" of "Helter Skelter," while Ian MacDonald argued that "their attempts at emulating the heavy style were without exception embarrassing."

Q1: Who was the guitarist for the band Cream?
A1: Eric Clapton
Q2: Who was the guitarist in the Kinks?
A2: Dave Davies
Q3: Who played guitar in The Who?
A3: Pete Townshend
Q4: When did The White Album come out?
A4: 1968
Q5: Keith Richards is the guitarist of what band?
A5: The Rolling Stones