romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Capacity building is an ongoing problem experienced by NPOs for a number of reasons. Most rely on external funding (government funds, grants from charitable foundations, direct donations) to maintain their operations and changes in these sources of revenue may influence the reliability or predictability with which the organization can hire and retain staff, sustain facilities, create programs, or maintain tax-exempt status. For example, a university that sells research to for-profit companies may have tax exemption problems. In addition, unreliable funding, long hours and low pay can result in employee retention problems. During 2009, the US government acknowledged this critical need by the inclusion of the Nonprofit Capacity Building Program in the Serve America Act. Further efforts to quantify the scope of the sector and propose policy solutions for community benefit were included in the Nonprofit Sector and Community Solutions Act, proposed during 2010.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What are ways that a charitable foundation receives money for it's cause?
A: government funds, grants from charitable foundations, direct donations", '
Q: What type of funding do charitable organizations typically rely on?
A: external funding', '
Q: What are some problems that affect employee retention and volunteers?
A: unreliable funding, long hours and low pay', '
Q: What legislation did the US introduce to try and help the NPOs?
A: Nonprofit Capacity Building Program', '
Q: When was the Nonprofit Sector and Community Solutions Act adopted?
A: 2010']
In Australia, nonprofit organisations include trade unions, charitable entities, co-operatives, universities and hospitals, mutual societies, grass-root and support groups, political parties, religious groups, incorporated associations, not-for-profit companies, trusts and more. Furthermore, they operate across a multitude of domains and industries, from health, employment, disability and other human services to local sporting clubs, credit unions and research institutes. A nonprofit organisation in Australia can choose from a number of legal forms depending on the needs and activities of the organisation: co-operative, company limited by guarantee, unincorporated association, incorporated association (by the Associations Incorporation Act 1985) or incorporated association or council (by the Commonwealth Aboriginal Councils and Associations Act 1976). From an academic perspective, social enterprise is for the most part considered a sub-set of the nonprofit sector as typically they too are concerned with a purpose relating to a public good, however these are not bound to adhere to a nonprofit legal structure and many incorporate and operate as for-profit entities.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the biggest concern of non-profits in Australia?
A: a purpose relating to a public good', '
Q: When was the Commonwealth Aboriginal Councils and Associations Act adopted?
A: 1976', '
Q: When was the Associations Incorporation Act adopted?
A: 1985', '
Q: What does the Associations Incorporation Act cover?
A: incorporated association', '
Q: Who covers incorporated associations or councils?
A: Commonwealth Aboriginal Councils and Associations Act']
Many nonprofit organizations find it difficult to create consistent messaging that resonates with their various stakeholders as marketing budgets are minimal or nonexistent. Marketing is in many cases a taboo word that NPOs or others don't like to associate with such community benefit organizations. There are strategic ways in which nonprofits can leverage their access to various community stakeholders to get their name and cause recognized by the public, but it is imperative to have an outreach strategy which includes a financial plan to execute that outreach/marketing strategy, particularly if the organization has plans to rebrand or expand their initiaives.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What kind of marketing budgets do NPOs usually have?
A: minimal or nonexistent', "
Q: Why is marketing harder for NPOs?
A: taboo word that NPOs or others don't like to associate with such community benefit organizations", '
Q: What does an NPO need to have in order to begin thinking about expansion or rebranding?
A: an outreach strategy which includes a financial plan to execute that outreach/marketing strategy', '
Q: What is a moer low-key way that NPOs can get access to marketing and word of mouth?
A: leverage their access to various community stakeholders to get their name and cause recognized by the public']
Resource mismanagement is a particular problem with NPOs because the employees are not accountable to anybody with a direct stake in the organization. For example, an employee may start a new program without disclosing its complete liabilities. The employee may be rewarded for improving the NPO's reputation, making other employees happy, and attracting new donors. Liabilities promised on the full faith and credit of the organization but not recorded anywhere constitute accounting fraud. But even indirect liabilities negatively affect the financial sustainability of the NPO, and the NPO will have financial problems unless strict controls are instated. Some commentators have also argued that receiving significant funding from large for-profit corporations can ultimately alter the NPO's functions.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How is resource mismanagement allowed to happen so easily?
A: employees are not accountable to anybody with a direct stake in the organization', '
Q: How can an NPO help to prevent financial problems?
A: strict controls', "
Q: What can a large influx of money from a for-profit company do to an organization?
A: alter the NPO's functions", '
Q: What can constitute accounting fraud when nothing is recorded?
A: Liabilities promised on the full faith and credit of the organization', '
Q: What is a major hurdle of the financial aspect of an NPO?
A: Resource mismanagement']
Competition for employees with the public and private sector is another problem that Nonprofit organizations will inevitably face, particularly for management positions. There are reports of major talent shortages in the nonprofit sector today regarding newly graduated workers, and NPOs have for too long relegated hiring to a secondary priority, which could be why they find themselves in the position many do. While many established NPO's are well-funded and comparative to their public sector competetitors, many more are independent and must be creative with which incentives they use to attract and maintain vibrant personalities. The initial interest for many is the wage and benefits package, though many who have been questioned after leaving an NPO have reported that it was stressful work environments and implacable work that drove them away.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What problems with employment do Non Profits face?
A: Competition for employees with the public and private sector', '
Q: What are positions that employees really want, but there are never enough of?
A: management', '
Q: How important do NPOs consider hiring?
A: secondary priority', '
Q: What is a primary interest to prospective NPO employees?
A: wage and benefits package', '
Q: How do employees that are no longer with NPOs feel about the time that they worked there?
A: stressful work environments and implacable work that drove them away']
Public and private sector employment has, for the most part, been able to offer more for their employees than most nonprofit agencies throughout history. Either in the form of higher wages, more comprehensive benefit packages, or less tedious work, the public and private sector has enjoyed an advantage in attracting employees over NPOs. Traditionally, the NPO has attracted mission-driven individuals who want to assist their chosen cause. Compounding the issue is that some NPOs do not operate in a manner similar to most businesses, or only seasonally. This leads many young and driven employees to forego NPOs in favor of more stable employment. Today however, Nonprofit organizations are adopting methods used by their competitors and finding new means to retain their employees and attract the best of the newly minted workforce.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What can the public and private sector offer employers that NPOs usually cannot?
A: higher wages, more comprehensive benefit packages, or less tedious work', '
Q: What types of employees do NPOs usually attract?
A: mission-driven individuals who want to assist their chosen cause', '
Q: What is something that causes a huge problem with employment in NPOs?
A: do not operate in a manner similar to most businesses, or only seasonally', '
Q: Where are young grads looking for that NPOs?
A: more stable employment']
It has been mentioned that most nonprofits will never be able to match the pay of the private sector and therefore should focus their attention on benefits packages, incentives and implementing pleasurable work environments. Pleasurable work conditions are ranked as being more preferable than a high salary and implacable work. NPOs are encouraged to pay as much as they are able, and offer a low stress work environment that the employee can associate him or herself positively with. Other incentives that should be implemented are generous vacation allowances or flexible work hours.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Can Npos match the wages of public and private sector employers?
A: will never be able to match the pay', '
Q: What should NPOs focus on offering employees instead of high wages?
A: benefits packages, incentives and implementing pleasurable work environments', '
Q: What is better than having high pay at an NPO?
A: Pleasurable work conditions', '
Q: How much should an NPO pay employees?
A: as much as they are able', '
Q: What are other incentives that NPO emplotees can be offered instead of higher wages?
A: generous vacation allowances or flexible work hours']
In the United States, two of the wealthiest nonprofit organizations are the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has an endowment of US$38 billion, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute originally funded by Hughes Aircraft prior to divestiture, which has an endowment of approximately $14.8 billion. Outside the United States, another large NPO is the British Wellcome Trust, which is a "charity" by British usage. See: List of wealthiest foundations. Note that this assessment excludes universities, at least a few of which have assets in the tens of billions of dollars. For example; List of U.S. colleges and universities by endowment.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is one of the wealthiest nonprofit organizations in America?
A: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation', '
Q: What NPO was origionally funded by Hughes Aircraft?
A: Howard Hughes Medical Institute', '
Q: How much is the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation worth?
A: US$38 billion', '
Q: How much is the Howard Hughes Medical Institute worth?
A: $14.8 billion', '
Q: What is one of the largest NPOs outside of the United States?
A: British Wellcome Trust']
Some NPOs which are particularly well known, often for the charitable or social nature of their activities performed during a long period of time, include Amnesty International, Oxfam, Rotary International, Kiwanis International, Carnegie Corporation of New York, Nourishing USA, DEMIRA Deutsche Minenräumer (German Mine Clearers), FIDH International Federation for Human Rights, Goodwill Industries, United Way, ACORN (now defunct), Habitat for Humanity, Teach For America, the Red Cross and Red Crescent organizations, UNESCO, IEEE, INCOSE, World Wide Fund for Nature, Heifer International, Translators Without Borders and SOS Children's Villages.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is a well known NPO that helps people from low incomes become homeowners?
A: Habitat for Humanity', '
Q: What is a international NPO that works on local levels to help communities thrive?
A: Rotary International', '
Q: What is a national charite that helps to bring food and health care to low income families?
A: United Way', '
Q: Which NPO is on the fore front of help when national disasters strike?
A: Red Cross and Red Crescent', '
Q: Which organization is a leader in promoting nature and preserving the enviornment?
A: World Wide Fund for Nature']
In the traditional domain noted in RFC 1591, .org is for "organizations that didn't fit anywhere else" in the naming system, which implies that it is the proper category for non-commercial organizations if they are not governmental, educational, or one of the other types with a specific TLD. It is not designated specifically for charitable organizations or any specific organizational or tax-law status, however; it encompasses anything that is not classifiable as another category. Currently, no restrictions are enforced on registration of .com or .org, so one can find organizations of all sorts in either of these domains, as well as other top-level domains including newer, more specific ones which may apply to particular sorts of organizations such as .museum for museums or .coop for cooperatives. Organizations might also register by the appropriate country code top-level domain for their country.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What does .org on a URL mean?
A: organizations that didn't fit anywhere else", '
Q: Are only NPOs allowed to use .org?
A: not designated specifically for charitable organizations or any specific organizational or tax-law status', '
Q: What is included in the list of organizations allowed to use .org?
A: encompasses anything that is not classifiable as another category', '
Q: Is there an agency that decides if someone is using the domain designation incorrectly?
A: Currently, no restrictions are enforced on registration of .com or .org', '
Q: What new domain designation should a museum use?
A: .museum']
Instead of being defined by "non" words, some organizations are suggesting new, positive-sounding terminology to describe the sector. The term "civil society organization" (CSO) has been used by a growing number of organizations, such as the Center for the Study of Global Governance. The term "citizen sector organization" (CSO) has also been advocated to describe the sector – as one of citizens, for citizens – by organizations such as Ashoka: Innovators for the Public. A more broadly applicable term, "Social Benefit Organization" (SBO) has been advocated for by organizations such as MiniDonations. Advocates argue that these terms describe the sector in its own terms, without relying on terminology used for the government or business sectors. However, use of terminology by a nonprofit of self-descriptive language that is not legally compliant risks confusing the public about nonprofit abilities, capabilities and limitations.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What type of language has it been suggested that NPOs should begin to get away from?
A: "non" words', '
Q: What type of language are organizations being directed towards?
A: new, positive-sounding terminology', '
Q: What is a new term for NPOs that has started to see more use?
A: civil society organization', '
Q: What is a term being used for organizations that are for the citizens, by the citizens?
A: citizen sector organization', '
Q: What would a group like Crowdfund, GoFundMe or Kickstarter possibly belong to?
A: Social Benefit Organization']
Raleigh (/ˈrɑːli/; RAH-lee) is the capital of the state of North Carolina as well as the seat of Wake County in the United States. It is the second most populous city in North Carolina, after Charlotte. Raleigh is known as the "City of Oaks" for its many oak trees, which line the streets in the heart of the city. The city covers a land area of 142.8 square miles (370 km2). The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city's population to be 439,896 as of July 1, 2014. It is also one of the fastest-growing cities in the country. The city of Raleigh is named after Sir Walter Raleigh, who established the lost Roanoke Colony in present-day Dare County.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What state is Raleigh the capital of?
A: North Carolina', '
Q: What is the biggest city in NC?
A: Charlotte', '
Q: Who is it named after?
A: Sir Walter Raleigh', '
Q: What county is Raleigh in?
A: Dare', '
Q: What is the population of the city?
A: 439,896']
Raleigh is home to North Carolina State University and is part of the Research Triangle area, together with Durham (home of Duke University) and Chapel Hill (home of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). The "Triangle" nickname originated after the 1959 creation of the Research Triangle Park, located in Durham & Wake Counties partway between the three cities and their universities. The Research Triangle region encompasses the U.S. Census Bureau's Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill Combined Statistical Area (CSA), which had an estimated population of 2,037,430 in 2013. The Raleigh Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) had an estimated population of 1,214,516 in 2013.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What university is in Raleigh?
A: North Carolina State University', '
Q: What is the MSA of Raleigh?
A: 1,214,516', '
Q: What is the Triangle?
A: Research Triangle area', '
Q: What is another university in the triangle?
A: Duke', '
Q: When was the Triangle created?
A: 1959']
Raleigh is an early example in the United States of a planned city, chosen as the site of the state capital in 1788 and incorporated in 1792 as such. The city was originally laid out in a grid pattern with the North Carolina State Capitol in Union Square at the center. In the United States Civil War the city was spared from any significant battle, only falling in the closing days of the war, though it did not escape the economic hardships that plagued the rest of the American South during the Reconstruction Era. The twentieth century saw the opening of the Research Triangle Park in 1959, and with the jobs it created the region and city saw a large influx of population, making it one of the fastest growing communities in the United States by the early 21st century.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What kind of city is Raleigh?
A: planned', '
Q: What year was it incorporated?
A: 1792', '
Q: What happened in the 20th century?
A: Research Triangle Park', '
Q: What war was near the city?
A: Civil War', '
Q: What type of community is it?
A: fastest growing']
Raleigh is home to numerous cultural, educational, and historic sites. The Duke Energy Center for the Performing Arts in Downtown Raleigh features three theater venues and serves as the home for the North Carolina Symphony and the Carolina Ballet. Walnut Creek Amphitheatre is a large music amphitheater located in Southeast Raleigh. Museums in Raleigh include the North Carolina Museum of Art in West Raleigh, as well as the North Carolina Museum of History and North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences located next to each other near the State Capitol in Downtown Raleigh. Several major universities and colleges call Raleigh home, including North Carolina State University, the largest public university in the state, and Shaw University, the first historically black university in the American South and site of the foundation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, an important civil rights organization of the 1960s. One U.S. president, Andrew Johnson, was born in Raleigh.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What energy center is downtown?
A: Duke', '
Q: What university is in Raleigh?
A: North Carolina State University,', '
Q: What is the first historically black university?
A: Shaw', '
Q: What president was born in Raleigh?
A: Andrew Johnson', '
Q: What is the name of the amphitheater in Raleigh?
A: Walnut Creek Amphitheatre']
The city's location was chosen, in part, for being within 11 mi (18 km) of Isaac Hunter's Tavern, a popular tavern frequented by the state legislators. No known city or town existed previously on the chosen city site. Raleigh is one of the few cities in the United States that was planned and built specifically to serve as a state capital. Its original boundaries were formed by the downtown streets of North, East, West and South streets. The plan, a grid with two main axes meeting at a central square and an additional square in each corner, was based on Thomas Holme's 1682 plan for Philadelphia.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: How many miles is the city from Isaac's Tavern?
A: 11", "
Q: Why is Isaac Hunter's Tavern popular?
A: state legislators.", '
Q: What was Raleigh as a city?
A: planned', '
Q: What were the original boundaries?
A: the downtown streets of North, East, West and South streets', '
Q: What city was the plan based on?
A: Philadelphia']
After the Civil War began, Governor Zebulon Baird Vance ordered the construction of breastworks around the city as protection from Union troops. During General Sherman's Carolinas Campaign, Raleigh was captured by Union cavalry under the command of General Hugh Judson Kilpatrick on April 13, 1865. As the Confederate cavalry retreated west, the Union soldiers followed, leading to the nearby Battle of Morrisville. The city was spared significant destruction during the War, but due to the economic problems of the post-war period and Reconstruction, with a state economy based on agriculture, it grew little over the next several decades.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was the governor during the Civil War?
A: Zebulon Baird Vance', '
Q: What did the governor order constructed?
A: breastworks', '
Q: What was Raleigh captured by in the Civil War?
A: Union cavalry', '
Q: Who led the cavalry in the capture?
A: Hugh Judson Kilpatrick', '
Q: Why did the city not grow during the Civil War?
A: a state economy based on agriculture,']
In 1880, the newspapers News and Observer combined to form The News & Observer. It remains Raleigh's primary daily newspaper. The North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, now known as North Carolina State University, was founded as a land-grant college in 1887. The city's Rex Hospital opened in 1889 and included the state's first nursing school. The Baptist Women's College, now known as Meredith College, opened in 1891, and in 1898, The Academy of Music, a private music conservatory, was established.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year did the News and the Observer merge?
A: 1880', "
Q: What is Raleigh's daily newspaper?
A: The News & Observer", '
Q: What was North Carolina State called before?
A: The North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts,', '
Q: What year was the college founded?
A: 1887', '
Q: When did Merideth College open?
A: 1891']
In the late nineteenth century, two black Congressmen were elected from North Carolina's 2nd district, the last in 1898. George Henry White sought to promote civil rights for blacks and to challenge efforts by white Democrats to reduce black voting by new discriminatory laws. They were unsuccessful. In 1900, the state legislature passed a new constitution, with voter registration rules that disfranchised most blacks and many poor whites. The state succeeded in reducing black voting to zero by 1908. Loss of the ability to vote disqualified black men (and later women) from sitting on juries and serving in any office, local, state or federal. The rising black middle-class in Raleigh and other areas was politically silenced and shut out of local governance, and the Republican Party was no longer competitive. It was not until after federal civil rights legislation was passed in the mid-1960s that the majority of blacks in North Carolina would again be able to vote, sit on juries and serve in local offices. No African American was elected to Congress until 1992.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was the last time two black congressmen were elected?
A: 1898', '
Q: What district were the congressmen in 1898 from?
A: 2nd', '
Q: What happened in 1900?
A: the state legislature passed a new constitution', '
Q: When did blacks lose the right to vote?
A: 1908', '
Q: When did black regain the right to vote?
A: mid-1960s']