romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
In December 1994, after being tipped off by his former FBI handler about a pending indictment under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, Bulger fled Boston and went into hiding. For 16 years, he remained at large. For 12 of those years, Bulger was prominently listed on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list. Beginning in 1997, the New England media exposed criminal actions by federal, state, and local law enforcement officials tied to Bulger. The revelation caused great embarrassment to the FBI. In 2002, Special Agent John J Connolly was convicted of federal racketeering charges for helping Bulger avoid arrest. In 2008, Special Agent Connolly completed his term on the federal charges and was transferred to Florida where he was convicted of helping plan the murder of John B Callahan, a Bulger rival. In 2014, that conviction was overturned on a technicality. Connolly was the agent leading the investigation of Bulger.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who tipped of Bulger?
A: his former FBI handler', '
Q: What act was the indictment under?
A: Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act', '
Q: How long did Bulger remain at large?
A: 16', '
Q: Was Bulger on the 10 Most Wanted Fugitives List?
A: prominently listed', '
Q: What did the revelations about Bulger cause?
A: great embarrassment']
In August 2007 Virgil Griffith, a Caltech computation and neural-systems graduate student, created a searchable database that linked changes made by anonymous Wikipedia editors to companies and organizations from which the changes were made. The database cross-referenced logs of Wikipedia edits with publicly available records pertaining to the internet IP addresses edits were made from. Griffith was motivated by the edits from the United States Congress, and wanted to see if others were similarly promoting themselves. The tool was designed to detect conflict of interest edits. Among his findings were that FBI computers were used to edit the FBI article in Wikipedia. Although the edits correlated with known FBI IP addresses, there was no proof that the changes actually came from a member or employee of the FBI, only that someone who had access to their network had edited the FBI article in Wikipedia. Wikipedia spokespersons received Griffith's "WikiScanner" positively, noting that it helped prevent conflicts of interest from influencing articles as well as increasing transparency and mitigating attempts to remove or distort relevant facts.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was Virgil Griffith focused on?
A: computation and neural-systems', '
Q: What part of the government was editing its own wikipedia page?
A: United States Congress', "
Q: What was Griffith's tool designed to detect?
A: conflict of interest edits", "
Q: What did Griffith's tool help increase?
A: transparency", "
Q: How as Griffith's wikipedia scanner viewed by wikipedia?
A: positively"]
On 20 February 2001, the bureau announced that a special agent, Robert Hanssen (born 1944) had been arrested for spying for the Soviet Union and then Russia from 1979 to 2001. He is serving 15 consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole at ADX Florence, a federal supermax prison near Florence, Colorado. Hanssen was arrested on February 18, 2001 at Foxstone Park near his home in Vienna, Virginia, and was charged with selling US secrets to the USSR and subsequently Russia for more than US$1.4 million in cash and diamonds over a 22-year period. On July 6, 2001, he pleaded guilty to 15 counts of espionage in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. His spying activities have been described by the US Department of Justice's Commission for the Review of FBI Security Programs as "possibly the worst intelligence disaster in U.S. history".

Questions and answers:
["
Q: When did the FBI announce Robert Hanssen's arrest?
A: 20 February 2001", '
Q: What was Hanssen arrested for?
A: spying for the Soviet Union', '
Q: When was Hanssen a spy for Russia/the SU?
A: 1979 to 2001', '
Q: How many life time sentences is Hanssen serving?
A: 15', '
Q: What much money did Hanssen receive in cash?
A: $1.4 million']
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, which simultaneously serves as the nation's prime federal law enforcement organization. Operating under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Justice, FBI is concurrently a member of the U.S. Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A leading U.S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigative organization, FBI has jurisdiction over violations of more than 200 categories of federal crimes.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What agency is the domestic intelligence and security service for the US?
A: FBI', '
Q: What organization is the FBI a subset of?
A: U.S. Department of Justice', '
Q: What Director does the FBI report to?
A: Director of National Intelligence', '
Q: How many categories of federal crimes does the FBI have jurisdiction over?
A: 200']
J. Edgar Hoover served as Director from 1924 to 1972, a combined 48 years with the BOI, DOI, and FBI. He was chiefly responsible for creating the Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory, or the FBI Laboratory, which officially opened in 1932, as part of his work to professionalize investigations by the government. Hoover was substantially involved in most major cases and projects that the FBI handled during his tenure. After Hoover's death, Congress passed legislation that limited the tenure of future FBI Directors to ten years.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was Director from 1924 to 1972?
A: J. Edgar Hoover', '
Q: How many years was Hoover the FBI director?
A: 48', '
Q: What laboratory was Hoover responsible for creating?
A: Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory', '
Q: What was the other name for the Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory?
A: FBI Laboratory', '
Q: When did the FBI laboratory open?
A: 1932']
Despite its domestic focus, the FBI also maintains a significant international footprint, operating 60 Legal Attache (LEGAT) offices and 15 sub-offices in U.S. embassies and consulates across the globe. These overseas offices exist primarily for the purpose of coordination with foreign security services and do not usually conduct unilateral operations in the host countries. The FBI can and does at times carry out secret activities overseas, just as the CIA has a limited domestic function; these activities generally require coordination across government agencies.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What kind of work was the FBI focused on?
A: domestic', '
Q: How many LEGAT offices does the FBI operate?
A: 60', '
Q: Why does the FBI operate LEGAT offices?
A: coordination with foreign security services', '
Q: Do LEGAT offices conduct unilateral operations in host countries?
A: not usually', '
Q: What do oversea operations require?
A: coordination']
In 1939, the Bureau began compiling a custodial detention list with the names of those who would be taken into custody in the event of war with Axis nations. The majority of the names on the list belonged to Issei community leaders, as the FBI investigation built on an existing Naval Intelligence index that had focused on Japanese Americans in Hawaii and the West Coast, but many German and Italian nationals also found their way onto the secret list. Robert Shivers, head of the Honolulu office, obtained permission from Hoover to start detaining those on the list on December 7, 1941, while bombs were still falling over Pearl Harbor. Mass arrests and searches of homes (in most cases conducted without warrants) began a few hours after the attack, and over the next several weeks more than 5,500 Issei men were taken into FBI custody. On February 19, 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, authorizing the removal of Japanese Americans from the West Coast. FBI Director Hoover opposed the subsequent mass removal and confinement of Japanese Americans authorized under Executive Order 9066, but Roosevelt prevailed. The vast majority went along with the subsequent exclusion orders, but in a handful of cases where Japanese Americans refused to obey the new military regulations, FBI agents handled their arrests. The Bureau continued surveillance on Japanese Americans throughout the war, conducting background checks on applicants for resettlement outside camp, and entering the camps (usually without the permission of War Relocation Authority officials) and grooming informants in order to monitor dissidents and "troublemakers." After the war, the FBI was assigned to protect returning Japanese Americans from attacks by hostile white communities.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did the Bureau begin compiling a custodial detention list?
A: 1939', '
Q: When would the people on the custodial detention list be arrested?
A: in the event of war with Axis', '
Q: Who were the majority of names on the custodial detention list?
A: Issei community leaders', '
Q: When was Pearl Harbor bombed?
A: December 7, 1941', '
Q: What group did the FBI continue surveillance on?
A: Japanese Americans']
In response to organized crime, on August 25, 1953, the FBI created the Top Hoodlum Program. The national office directed field offices to gather information on mobsters in their territories and to report it regularly to Washington for a centralized collection of intelligence on racketeers. After the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, or RICO Act, took effect, the FBI began investigating the former Prohibition-organized groups, which had become fronts for crime in major cities and small towns. All of the FBI work was done undercover and from within these organizations, using the provisions provided in the RICO Act. Gradually the agency dismantled many of the groups. Although Hoover initially denied the existence of a National Crime Syndicate in the United States, the Bureau later conducted operations against known organized crime syndicates and families, including those headed by Sam Giancana and John Gotti. The RICO Act is still used today for all organized crime and any individuals who might fall under the Act.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the Top Hoodlum Program a response to?
A: organized crime', '
Q: What did the Top Hoodlum Program gather information on?
A: mobsters', '
Q: After the RICO Act took effect what did the FBI start investigating?
A: former Prohibition-organized groups', '
Q: What groups did Hoover deny the existence of?
A: National Crime Syndicate', '
Q: Is the RICO Act still used today?
A: The RICO Act is still used']
After Congress passed the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA, 1994), the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA, 1996), and the Economic Espionage Act (EEA, 1996), the FBI followed suit and underwent a technological upgrade in 1998, just as it did with its CART team in 1991. Computer Investigations and Infrastructure Threat Assessment Center (CITAC) and the National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC) were created to deal with the increase in Internet-related problems, such as computer viruses, worms, and other malicious programs that threatened US operations. With these developments, the FBI increased its electronic surveillance in public safety and national security investigations, adapting to the telecommunications advancements that changed the nature of such problems.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What spurred the FBIs technological upgrade?
A: CALEA', '
Q: What team underwent a technological upgrade in 1991?
A: CART', '
Q: What were CITAC and NIPC created to deal with?
A: Internet-related problems', '
Q: What were computer viruses seen as a threat to?
A: US operations', '
Q: Did the FBI increase electronic surveillance?
A: FBI increased its electronic surveillance']
For over 40 years, the FBI crime lab in Quantico believed lead in bullets had unique chemical signatures. It analyzed the bullets with the goal of matching them chemically, not only to a single batch of ammunition coming out of a factory, but also to a single box of bullets. The National Academy of Sciences conducted an 18-month independent review of comparative bullet-lead analysis. In 2003, its National Research Council published a report whose conclusions called into question 30 years of FBI testimony. It found the analytic model used by the FBI for interpreting results was deeply flawed, and the conclusion, that bullet fragments could be matched to a box of ammunition, was so overstated that it was misleading under the rules of evidence. One year later, the FBI decided to stop doing bullet lead analysis.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What precision did the FBI believe they could reach with chemical signatures?
A: single box of bullets', '
Q: How long was the National Academy of Sciences independent review?
A: 18-month', '
Q: What did the National Academy of Sciences independent review discover about the FBIs analytical model?
A: deeply flawed', '
Q: Why did the FBI stop doing bullet lead analysis?
A: National Research Council']
The FBI's chief tool against organized crime is the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act. The FBI is also charged with the responsibility of enforcing compliance of the United States Civil Rights Act of 1964 and investigating violations of the act in addition to prosecuting such violations with the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). The FBI also shares concurrent jurisdiction with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in the enforcement of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is the FBI's main tool against organized crime?
A: RICO", '
Q: What act is the FBI required to enforce?
A: Civil Rights Act of 1964', '
Q: What organization does the FBI prosecute violations of the United States Civil Rights Act with?
A: DOJ', '
Q: What organization does the FBI share jurisdiction with?
A: DEA', '
Q: What Substance act does the FBI enforce?
A: Controlled Substances Act of 1970']
The FBI often works in conjunction with other Federal agencies, including the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) in seaport and airport security, and the National Transportation Safety Board in investigating airplane crashes and other critical incidents. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Homeland Security Investigations (ICE-HSI) has nearly the same amount of investigative man power as the FBI, and investigates the largest range of crimes. In the wake of the September 11 attacks, then-Attorney General Ashcroft assigned the FBI as the designated lead organization in terrorism investigations after the creation of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. ICE-HSI and the FBI are both integral members of the Joint Terrorism Task Force.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When does the FBI work with the US Coast Guard and US Customs and Board Protection?
A: seaport and airport security', '
Q: When does the FBI work with the National Transportation Safety Board?
A: investigating airplane crashes', '
Q: What organization in the US government investigates the largest array of crimes?
A: ICE-HSI', '
Q: What organization did General Ashcroft assign to lead organization in terrorism investigations?
A: FBI', '
Q: What are the FBI and ICE-HSI both members of?
A: Joint Terrorism Task Force']
The FBI Academy, located in Quantico, Virginia, is home to the communications and computer laboratory the FBI utilizes. It is also where new agents are sent for training to become FBI Special Agents. Going through the 21-week course is required for every Special Agent. First opened for use in 1972, the facility located on 385 acres (1.6 km2) of woodland. The Academy trains state and local law enforcement agencies, which are invited to the law enforcement training center. The FBI units that reside at Quantico are the Field and Police Training Unit, Firearms Training Unit, Forensic Science Research and Training Center, Technology Services Unit (TSU), Investigative Training Unit, Law Enforcement Communication Unit, Leadership and Management Science Units (LSMU), Physical Training Unit, New Agents' Training Unit (NATU), Practical Applications Unit (PAU), the Investigative Computer Training Unit and the "College of Analytical Studies."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where are agents sent to become FBI Special Agents?
A: The FBI Academy', '
Q: Where is the FBI Academy?
A: Quantico, Virginia', '
Q: How long is the course required for all special agents?
A: 21-week', '
Q: What other groups does the FBI Academy train?
A: state and local law enforcement agencies']
The FBI frequently investigated Martin Luther King, Jr. In the mid-1960s, King began publicly criticizing the Bureau for giving insufficient attention to the use of terrorism by white supremacists. Hoover responded by publicly calling King the most "notorious liar" in the United States. In his 1991 memoir, Washington Post journalist Carl Rowan asserted that the FBI had sent at least one anonymous letter to King encouraging him to commit suicide. Historian Taylor Branch documents an anonymous November 1964 "suicide package" sent by the Bureau that combined a letter to the civil rights leader telling him "You are done. There is only one way out for you..." with audio recordings of King's sexual indiscretions.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Did the FBI investigate Martin Luther King Jr.?
A: frequently', '
Q: Who did MLK begin criticizing in the mid-1960s?
A: the Bureau', '
Q: What group did MLK believe needed more attention from the FBI?
A: white supremacists', '
Q: What did Hoover call MLK?
A: notorious liar', '
Q: What kind of letter did the FBI send to MLK?
A: anonymous']
The National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) crime statistics system aims to address limitations inherent in UCR data. The system is used by law enforcement agencies in the United States for collecting and reporting data on crimes. Local, state, and federal agencies generate NIBRS data from their records management systems. Data is collected on every incident and arrest in the Group A offense category. The Group A offenses are 46 specific crimes grouped in 22 offense categories. Specific facts about these offenses are gathered and reported in the NIBRS system. In addition to the Group A offenses, eleven Group B offenses are reported with only the arrest information. The NIBRS system is in greater detail than the summary-based UCR system. As of 2004, 5,271 law enforcement agencies submitted NIBRS data. That amount represents 20% of the United States population and 16% of the crime statistics data collected by the FBI.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the goal of the NIBRS?
A: address limitations inherent in UCR data', '
Q: Who uses the NIBRS?
A: the United States', '
Q: What is the NIBRS used for?
A: collecting and reporting data', '
Q: What does the NIBRS collect information on?
A: crimes', '
Q: Does the NIBRS system or UCR system have more detailed data?
A: NIBRS']
The FBI also spied upon and collected information on Puerto Rican independence leader Pedro Albizu Campos and his Nationalist political party in the 1930s. Abizu Campos was convicted three times in connection with deadly attacks on US government officials: in 1937 (Conspiracy to overthrow the government of the United States), in 1950 (attempted murder), and in 1954 (after an armed assault on the US House of Representatives while in session; although not present, Abizu Campos was considered the mastermind). The FBI operation was covert and did not become known until U.S. Congressman Luis Gutierrez had it made public via the Freedom of Information Act in the 1980s.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What Puerto Rican leader did the FBI spy on?
A: Pedro Albizu Campos', '
Q: What party was Pedro Albizu Campos part of?
A: Nationalist', '
Q: How many times was Pedro Albizu Campos convicted of attacks on US officials?
A: three', '
Q: Who released the Campos operation to the public?
A: Luis Gutierrez', '
Q: When was the Abizu Campos operation made public?
A: 1980s']
The FBI is organized into functional branches and the Office of the Director, which contains most administrative offices. An executive assistant director manages each branch. Each branch is then divided into offices and divisions, each headed by an assistant director. The various divisions are further divided into sub-branches, led by deputy assistant directors. Within these sub-branches there are various sections headed by section chiefs. Section chiefs are ranked analogous to special agents in charge.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What office contains the FBI's administrative offices?
A: Office of the Director", '
Q: Who manages each FBI branch?
A: An executive assistant director', '
Q: What is a FBI branch divided into?
A: offices and divisions', '
Q: Who heads an office or division?
A: an assistant director', '
Q: Who leaders the sub-divisions of offices or divisions?
A: deputy assistant directors']
The FBI is headquartered at the J. Edgar Hoover Building in Washington, D.C., with 56 field offices in major cities across the United States. The FBI also maintains over 400 resident agencies across the United States, as well as over 50 legal attachés at United States embassies and consulates. Many specialized FBI functions are located at facilities in Quantico, Virginia, as well as a "data campus" in Clarksburg, West Virginia, where 96 million sets of fingerprints "from across the United States are stored, along with others collected by American authorities from prisoners in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, Iraq and Afghanistan." The FBI is in process of moving its Records Management Division, which processes Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests, to Winchester, Virginia.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where is the FBI located?
A: J. Edgar Hoover Building in Washington, D.C.,', '
Q: Where are specialized FBI functions located?
A: Quantico, Virginia', "
Q: Where is the FBI's data campus?
A: Clarksburg, West Virginia", '
Q: What act is the FBI required to process requests for?
A: FOIA', '
Q: How many sets of fingerprints does the FBI have?
A: 96 million']
Carnivore was an electronic eavesdropping software system implemented by the FBI during the Clinton administration; it was designed to monitor email and electronic communications. After prolonged negative coverage in the press, the FBI changed the name of its system from "Carnivore" to "DCS1000." DCS is reported to stand for "Digital Collection System"; the system has the same functions as before. The Associated Press reported in mid-January 2005 that the FBI essentially abandoned the use of Carnivore in 2001, in favor of commercially available software, such as NarusInsight.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the electronic eavesdropping system used by the FBI during the Clinton presidency?
A: Carnivore', '
Q: What did Carnivore monitor?
A: email and electronic communications', '
Q: What was Carnivore renamed to?
A: DCS1000', '
Q: When did the FBI abandon Carnivore?
A: 2001', '
Q: What kind of software replaced Carnivore?
A: commercially available']