romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Archaeologists excavating near the city have unearthed Iron Age sites that may date from 500 BCE. The region comprising modern Hyderabad and its surroundings was known as Golkonda (Golla Konda-"shepherd's hill"), and was ruled by the Chalukya dynasty from 624 CE to 1075 CE. Following the dissolution of the Chalukya empire into four parts in the 11th century, Golkonda came under the control of the Kakatiya dynasty from 1158, whose seat of power was at Warangal, 148 km (92 mi) northeast of modern Hyderabad.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: There may be Iron Age findings near Hyderabad, what age are they thought to be from?
A: 500 BCE', '
Q: What time period did the Chalukya dynasty rule the Hyderabad region?
A: 624 CE to 1075 CE', '
Q: When did the Calukya empire split into four?
A: the 11th century', '
Q: What was the capital of Golkonda in the mid 12th century?
A: Warangal', '
Q: What was the Hyderabad region known as under the Chalukya dynasty?
A: Golkonda (Golla Konda-"shepherd\'s hill")']
The Kakatiya dynasty was reduced to a vassal of the Khilji dynasty in 1310 after its defeat by Sultan Alauddin Khilji of the Delhi Sultanate. This lasted until 1321, when the Kakatiya dynasty was annexed by Malik Kafur, Allaudin Khilji's general. During this period, Alauddin Khilji took the Koh-i-Noor diamond, which is said to have been mined from the Kollur Mines of Golkonda, to Delhi. Muhammad bin Tughluq succeeded to the Delhi sultanate in 1325, bringing Warangal under the rule of the Tughlaq dynasty until 1347 when Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah, a governor under bin Tughluq, rebelled against Delhi and established the Bahmani Sultanate in the Deccan Plateau, with Gulbarga, 200 km (124 mi) west of Hyderabad, as its capital. The Bahmani kings ruled the region until 1518 and were the first independent Muslim rulers of the Deccan.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who defeated the Kakatiya dynasty in 1310?
A: Sultan Alauddin Khilji', '
Q: Which entity subsumed the Kakatiya dynasty?
A: Khilji dynasty', '
Q: What did the Malik Kafur do to the Kakatiya dynasty in 1321?
A: the Kakatiya dynasty was annexed', '
Q: When was the Behmani Sultanate established?
A: 1347', '
Q: In what year did Muhammad bin Tughluq succeed the Delhi sultanate?
A: 1325']
Sultan Quli, a governor of Golkonda, revolted against the Bahmani Sultanate and established the Qutb Shahi dynasty in 1518; he rebuilt the mud-fort of Golconda and named the city "Muhammad nagar". The fifth sultan, Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, established Hyderabad on the banks of the Musi River in 1591, to avoid the water shortages experienced at Golkonda. During his rule, he had the Charminar and Mecca Masjid built in the city. On 21 September 1687, the Golkonda Sultanate came under the rule of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb after a year-long siege of the Golkonda fort. The annexed area was renamed Deccan Suba (Deccan province) and the capital was moved from Golkonda to Aurangabad, about 550 km (342 mi) northwest of Hyderabad.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What position did Sultan Quli hold?
A: governor of Golkonda', '
Q: When was Hyderabad founded?
A: 1591', '
Q: In what year did the establishment of the Qutb dynasty occur?
A: 1518', '
Q: In the late 17th century the capital of Deccan Suba was moved, to where?
A: Aurangabad', '
Q: Whom did Sultan Quli rebel against?
A: the Bahmani Sultanate']
In 1713 Farrukhsiyar, the Mughal emperor, appointed Asif Jah I to be Viceroy of the Deccan, with the title Nizam-ul-Mulk (Administrator of the Realm). In 1724, Asif Jah I defeated Mubariz Khan to establish autonomy over the Deccan Suba, named the region Hyderabad Deccan, and started what came to be known as the Asif Jahi dynasty. Subsequent rulers retained the title Nizam ul-Mulk and were referred to as Asif Jahi Nizams, or Nizams of Hyderabad. The death of Asif Jah I in 1748 resulted in a period of political unrest as his sons, backed by opportunistic neighbouring states and colonial foreign forces, contended for the throne. The accession of Asif Jah II, who reigned from 1762 to 1803, ended the instability. In 1768 he signed the treaty of Masulipatnam, surrendering the coastal region to the East India Company in return for a fixed annual rent.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What position did Farrukhsiyar hold?
A: emperor', '
Q: What official title did the Viceroy of Deccan hold?
A: Nizam-ul-Mulk (Administrator of the Realm)', '
Q: Who was the Viceroy of the Deccan under Farrukhsiyar?
A: Asif Jah I', '
Q: In what year was Mubariz Khan defeated by Asif Jah I?
A: 1724', '
Q: What did Asif Jah I rename Deccan Suba to?
A: Hyderabad Deccan']
In 1769 Hyderabad city became the formal capital of the Nizams. In response to regular threats from Hyder Ali (Dalwai of Mysore), Baji Rao I (Peshwa of the Maratha Empire), and Basalath Jung (Asif Jah II's elder brother, who was supported by the Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau), the Nizam signed a subsidiary alliance with the East India Company in 1798, allowing the British Indian Army to occupy Bolarum (modern Secunderabad) to protect the state's borders, for which the Nizams paid an annual maintenance to the British.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Whom did the Nizam ally with in the late 18th century?
A: East India Company', '
Q: What was the title of Baji Rao I?
A: Peshwa of the Maratha Empire', '
Q: What was the title of Hyder Ali?
A: Dalwai of Mysore', '
Q: Which military occupied Hyderabad city in a protection role?
A: British Indian Army', '
Q: In what year did Hyderabad become the capital of Nizams?
A: 1769']
After India gained independence, the Nizam declared his intention to remain independent rather than become part of the Indian Union. The Hyderabad State Congress, with the support of the Indian National Congress and the Communist Party of India, began agitating against Nizam VII in 1948. On 17 September that year, the Indian Army took control of Hyderabad State after an invasion codenamed Operation Polo. With the defeat of his forces, Nizam VII capitulated to the Indian Union by signing an Instrument of Accession, which made him the Rajpramukh (Princely Governor) of the state until 31 October 1956. Between 1946 and 1951, the Communist Party of India fomented the Telangana uprising against the feudal lords of the Telangana region. The Constitution of India, which became effective on 26 January 1950, made Hyderabad State one of the part B states of India, with Hyderabad city continuing to be the capital. In his 1955 report Thoughts on Linguistic States, B. R. Ambedkar, then chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution, proposed designating the city of Hyderabad as the second capital of India because of its amenities and strategic central location. Since 1956, the Rashtrapati Nilayam in Hyderabad has been the second official residence and business office of the President of India; the President stays once a year in winter and conducts official business particularly relating to Southern India.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: On what date did the Indian Army take control of Hyderabad?
A: 1948. On 17 September', '
Q: Which uprising occurred from 1946 to 1951?
A: the Telangana uprising', '
Q: What was the code name for the Indian Army invasion of Hyderabad?
A: Operation Polo', '
Q: Which Nizam defeated by the Indian Army?
A: Nizam VII', '
Q: On what date did the constitution of India become active?
A: 26 January 1950']
On 1 November 1956 the states of India were reorganised by language. Hyderabad state was split into three parts, which were merged with neighbouring states to form the modern states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The nine Telugu- and Urdu-speaking districts of Hyderabad State in the Telangana region were merged with the Telugu-speaking Andhra State to create Andhra Pradesh, with Hyderabad as its capital. Several protests, known collectively as the Telangana movement, attempted to invalidate the merger and demanded the creation of a new Telangana state. Major actions took place in 1969 and 1972, and a third began in 2010. The city suffered several explosions: one at Dilsukhnagar in 2002 claimed two lives; terrorist bombs in May and August 2007 caused communal tension and riots; and two bombs exploded in February 2013. On 30 July 2013 the government of India declared that part of Andhra Pradesh would be split off to form a new Telangana state, and that Hyderabad city would be the capital city and part of Telangana, while the city would also remain the capital of Andhra Pradesh for no more than ten years. On 3 October 2013 the Union Cabinet approved the proposal, and in February 2014 both houses of Parliament passed the Telangana Bill. With the final assent of the President of India in June 2014, Telangana state was formed.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: On what date was Hyderabad state divided into three?
A: 1 November 1956', '
Q: Which three states was Hyderabad state divided into?
A: Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh', '
Q: Hyderabad city became the capital of what state in the mid 20th century?
A: Andhra Pradesh', '
Q: When was Telangana state announced?
A: 30 July 2013', '
Q: What date was the official formation of Telangana state?
A: June 2014']
Situated in the southern part of Telangana in southeastern India, Hyderabad is 1,566 kilometres (973 mi) south of Delhi, 699 kilometres (434 mi) southeast of Mumbai, and 570 kilometres (350 mi) north of Bangalore by road. It lies on the banks of the Musi River, in the northern part of the Deccan Plateau. Greater Hyderabad covers 650 km2 (250 sq mi), making it one of the largest metropolitan areas in India. With an average altitude of 542 metres (1,778 ft), Hyderabad lies on predominantly sloping terrain of grey and pink granite, dotted with small hills, the highest being Banjara Hills at 672 metres (2,205 ft). The city has numerous lakes referred to as sagar, meaning "sea". Examples include artificial lakes created by dams on the Musi, such as Hussain Sagar (built in 1562 near the city centre), Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar. As of 1996, the city had 140 lakes and 834 water tanks (ponds).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How far south of Delhi, in miles, is Hyderabad?
A: 973 mi', '
Q: In what region of the Deccan Plateau is Hyderabad?
A: northern part', '
Q: How large in square kilometers is Greater Hyderabad?
A: 650 km2', '
Q: What are the highest hills in Hyderabad?
A: Banjara Hills', '
Q: When was Hussain Sagar lake built?
A: 1562']
Hyderabad has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen Aw) bordering on a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh). The annual mean temperature is 26.6 °C (79.9 °F); monthly mean temperatures are 21–33 °C (70–91 °F). Summers (March–June) are hot and humid, with average highs in the mid-to-high 30s Celsius; maximum temperatures often exceed 40 °C (104 °F) between April and June. The coolest temperatures occur in December and January, when the lowest temperature occasionally dips to 10 °C (50 °F). May is the hottest month, when daily temperatures range from 26 to 39 °C (79–102 °F); December, the coldest, has temperatures varying from 14.5 to 28 °C (57–82 °F).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the mean yearly temperature in Hyderabad in Celsius?
A: 26.6 °C', '
Q: Köppen Aw refers to what kind of climate?
A: tropical wet and dry climate', '
Q: During what months does summer occur in Hyderabad?
A: March–June', '
Q: What is the typical lowest temperature in Celsius during winter in Hyderabad?
A: 10 °C', '
Q: What is generally the hottest month in Hyderabad?
A: May']
Hyderabad's lakes and the sloping terrain of its low-lying hills provide habitat for an assortment of flora and fauna. The forest region in and around the city encompasses areas of ecological and biological importance, which are preserved in the form of national parks, zoos, mini-zoos and a wildlife sanctuary. Nehru Zoological Park, the city's one large zoo, is the first in India to have a lion and tiger safari park. Hyderabad has three national parks (Mrugavani National Park, Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park and Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park), and the Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary is about 50 km (31 mi) from the city. Hyderabad's other environmental reserves are: Kotla Vijayabhaskara Reddy Botanical Gardens, Shamirpet Lake, Hussain Sagar, Fox Sagar Lake, Mir Alam Tank and Patancheru Lake, which is home to regional birds and attracts seasonal migratory birds from different parts of the world. Organisations engaged in environmental and wildlife preservation include the Telangana Forest Department, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), the Animal Welfare Board of India, the Blue Cross of Hyderabad and the University of Hyderabad.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the name of the largest zoo in Hyderabad?
A: Nehru Zoological Park', "
Q: Hyderabad's largest zoo is known as India's first to have what two kinds of animals in a safari park setting?
A: lion and tiger", '
Q: How many national parks does Hyderabad have?
A: three', '
Q: Two of the national parks in Hyderabad are Mrugavani National Park, Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park, what is the third?
A: Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park', '
Q: Which environmental preserve in Hyderabad is known to be a home for migratory birds?
A: Patancheru Lake']
The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) oversees the civic infrastructure of the city's 18 "circles", which together encompass 150 municipal wards. Each ward is represented by a corporator, elected by popular vote. The corporators elect the Mayor, who is the titular head of GHMC; executive powers rest with the Municipal Commissioner, appointed by the state government. The GHMC carries out the city's infrastructural work such as building and maintenance of roads and drains, town planning including construction regulation, maintenance of municipal markets and parks, solid waste management, the issuing of birth and death certificates, the issuing of trade licences, collection of property tax, and community welfare services such as mother and child healthcare, and pre-school and non-formal education. The GHMC was formed in April 2007 by merging the Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad (MCH) with 12 municipalities of the Hyderabad, Ranga Reddy and Medak districts covering a total area of 650 km2 (250 sq mi).:3 In the 2016 municipal election, the Telangana Rashtra Samithi formed the majority and the present Mayor is Bonthu Ram Mohan. The Secunderabad Cantonment Board is a civic administration agency overseeing an area of 40.1 km2 (15.5 sq mi),:93 where there are several military camps.:2 The Osmania University campus is administered independently by the university authority.:93

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the entity that controls the infrastructure of Hyderabad?
A: The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC)', '
Q: How many municipal wards are within Hyderabad?
A: 150', '
Q: In what year did the GHMC form?
A: 2007', '
Q: How much area, in square miles, does the GHMC oversee?
A: 250 sq mi', '
Q: Which board oversees military areas within Hyderabad?
A: The Secunderabad Cantonment Board']
The jurisdictions of the city's administrative agencies are, in ascending order of size: the Hyderabad Police area, Hyderabad district, the GHMC area ("Hyderabad city") and the area under the Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA). The HMDA is an apolitical urban planning agency that covers the GHMC and its suburbs, extending to 54 mandals in five districts encircling the city. It coordinates the development activities of GHMC and suburban municipalities and manages the administration of bodies such as the Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board (HMWSSB).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which Hyderabad agency is responsible for the largest area?
A: Hyderabad Police', '
Q: What is the HMDA mainly responsible for?
A: urban planning', '
Q: What does the acronym HMDA stand for?
A: Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority', '
Q: What does the acronym HMWSSB represent?
A: Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board', '
Q: Hyderabad city can be referred to as something else as administrative agencies are concerned, what?
A: GHMC area']
The HMWSSB regulates rainwater harvesting, sewerage services and water supply, which is sourced from several dams located in the suburbs. In 2005, the HMWSSB started operating a 116-kilometre-long (72 mi) water supply pipeline from Nagarjuna Sagar Dam to meet increasing demand. The Telangana Southern Power Distribution Company Limited manages electricity supply. As of October 2014, there were 15 fire stations in the city, operated by the Telangana State Disaster and Fire Response Department. The government-owned India Post has five head post offices and many sub-post offices in Hyderabad, which are complemented by private courier services.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What dam began to provide water to Hyderabad in 2005?
A: Nagarjuna Sagar Dam', '
Q: Along with dealing with sewerage and the water supply, what is one other thing the HMWSSB regulates?
A: rainwater harvesting', '
Q: How long is the pipeline from the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam which the HMWSSB operates?
A: 116-kilometre-long (72 mi)', '
Q: Which company is responsible for electricity in Hyderabad?
A: Telangana Southern Power Distribution Company Limited', '
Q: Which entity is responsible for the fire stations in Hyderabad?
A: Telangana State Disaster and Fire Response Department']
Hyderabad produces around 4,500 tonnes of solid waste daily, which is transported from collection units in Imlibun, Yousufguda and Lower Tank Bund to the dumpsite in Jawaharnagar. Disposal is managed by the Integrated Solid Waste Management project which was started by the GHMC in 2010. Rapid urbanisation and increased economic activity has also led to increased industrial waste, air, noise and water pollution, which is regulated by the Telangana Pollution Control Board (TPCB). The contribution of different sources to air pollution in 2006 was: 20–50% from vehicles, 40–70% from a combination of vehicle discharge and road dust, 10–30% from industrial discharges and 3–10% from the burning of household rubbish. Deaths resulting from atmospheric particulate matter are estimated at 1,700–3,000 each year. Ground water around Hyderabad, which has a hardness of up to 1000 ppm, around three times higher than is desirable, is the main source of drinking water but the increasing population and consequent increase in demand has led to a decline in not only ground water but also river and lake levels. This shortage is further exacerbated by inadequately treated effluent discharged from industrial treatment plants polluting the water sources of the city.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Where is the site where Hyderabad's solid waste is dumped?
A: Jawaharnagar", "
Q: Which entity is responsible for disposing Hyderabad's solid waste?
A: Integrated Solid Waste Management project", '
Q: What percentage of the air pollution in Hyderabad comes solely from vehicles?
A: 20–50%', '
Q: How many deaths are believed to be caused in Hyderabad due to air pollution each year?
A: 1,700–3,000', "
Q: What is the rating for the hardness of Hyderabad's water?
A: 1000 ppm"]
The Commissionerate of Health and Family Welfare is responsible for planning, implementation and monitoring of all facilities related to health and preventive services. As of 2010[update]–11, the city had 50 government hospitals, 300 private and charity hospitals and 194 nursing homes providing around 12,000 hospital beds, fewer than half the required 25,000. For every 10,000 people in the city, there are 17.6 hospital beds, 9 specialist doctors, 14 nurses and 6 physicians. The city also has about 4,000 individual clinics and 500 medical diagnostic centres. Private clinics are preferred by many residents because of the distance to, poor quality of care at and long waiting times in government facilities,:60–61 despite the high proportion of the city's residents being covered by government health insurance: 24% according to a National Family Health Survey in 2005.:41 As of 2012[update], many new private hospitals of various sizes were opened or being built. Hyderabad also has outpatient and inpatient facilities that use Unani, homeopathic and Ayurvedic treatments.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many government hospitals did Hyderabad have in 2010?
A: 50', "
Q: How many beds are available in all of Hyderabad's hospitals and nursing homes combined?
A: 12,000", '
Q: How many nurses per 10,000 persons are there in Hyderabad?
A: 14 nurses', '
Q: Which agency is in charge of health and wellness services in Hyderabad?
A: Commissionerate of Health and Family Welfare', '
Q: People choose to use what type of facility due to long distances and poor care at Government hospitals? 
A: Private clinics']
In the 2005 National Family Health Survey, it was reported that the city's total fertility rate is 1.8,:47 which is below the replacement rate. Only 61% of children had been provided with all basic vaccines (BCG, measles and full courses of polio and DPT), fewer than in all other surveyed cities except Meerut.:98 The infant mortality rate was 35 per 1,000 live births, and the mortality rate for children under five was 41 per 1,000 live births.:97 The survey also reported that a third of women and a quarter of men are overweight or obese, 49% of children below 5 years are anaemic, and up to 20% of children are underweight,:44, 55–56 while more than 2% of women and 3% of men suffer from diabetes.:57

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What percentage of the children in Hyderabad city had basic vaccinations in 2005?
A: 61%', '
Q: What is the only city that had a lower vaccination rate for children than Hyderabad in the 2005 National Family Health Survey?
A: Meerut', '
Q: What was the fertility rate of Hyderabad according to a 2005 survey?
A: 1.8', '
Q: What was the child vaccination rate according to a 2005 survey of Hyderabad?
A: 61%', '
Q: Only one city, according to a 2005 survey, had a lower child vaccination rate than Hyderabad, what was it?
A: Meerut', '
Q: According to a 2005 survey what was in Hyderabad?
A: 35 per 1,000 live births', '
Q: What percentage of children in a 2005 survey of people in Hyderabad were underweight?
A: 20%']
When the GHMC was created in 2007, the area occupied by the municipality increased from 175 km2 (68 sq mi) to 650 km2 (250 sq mi). Consequently, the population increased by 87%, from 3,637,483 in the 2001 census to 6,809,970 in the 2011 census, 24% of which are migrants from elsewhere in India,:2 making Hyderabad the nation's fourth most populous city. As of 2011[update], the population density is 18,480/km2 (47,900/sq mi). At the same 2011 census, the Hyderabad Urban Agglomeration had a population of 7,749,334, making it the sixth most populous urban agglomeration in the country. The population of the Hyderabad urban agglomeration has since been estimated by electoral officials to be 9.1 million as of early 2013 but is expected to exceed 10 million by the end of the year. There are 3,500,802 male and 3,309,168 female citizens—a sex ratio of 945 females per 1000 males, higher than the national average of 926 per 1000. Among children aged 0–6 years, 373,794 are boys and 352,022 are girls—a ratio of 942 per 1000. Literacy stands at 82.96% (male 85.96%; female 79.79%), higher than the national average of 74.04%. The socio-economic strata consist of 20% upper class, 50% middle class and 30% working class.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the area of Hyderabad before the GHMC?
A: 175 km2 (68 sq mi)', '
Q: What was the population of Hyderabad in the 2011 census?
A: 6,809,970', '
Q: How many females were in Hyderabad for the 2011 census?
A: 3,309,168', '
Q: What is the literacy rate of Hyderabad?
A: 82.96%', '
Q: What was the population density in Hyderabad in 2011?
A: 18,480/km2 (47,900/sq mi)']