romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Much of the material in the Canon is not specifically "Theravadin", but is instead the collection of teachings that this school preserved from the early, non-sectarian body of teachings. According to Peter Harvey, it contains material at odds with later Theravadin orthodoxy. He states: "The Theravadins, then, may have added texts to the Canon for some time, but they do not appear to have tampered with what they already had from an earlier period."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Much of the material in the Canon is not specifically what?
A: Theravadin', '
Q: Who may have added texts to the Canon for some time?
A: The Theravadins']
The Mahayana sutras are a very broad genre of Buddhist scriptures that the Mahayana Buddhist tradition holds are original teachings of the Buddha. Some adherents of Mahayana accept both the early teachings (including in this the Sarvastivada Abhidharma, which was criticized by Nagarjuna and is in fact opposed to early Buddhist thought) and the Mahayana sutras as authentic teachings of Gautama Buddha, and claim they were designed for different types of persons and different levels of spiritual understanding.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are considered the original teachings of the Buddha?
A: Mahayana sutras', '
Q: What is a very broad genre of Buddhist scripture?
A: Mahayana sutras', '
Q: What teaching was criticized by Nagarjuna?
A: Sarvastivada Abhidharma']
The Mahayana sutras often claim to articulate the Buddha's deeper, more advanced doctrines, reserved for those who follow the bodhisattva path. That path is explained as being built upon the motivation to liberate all living beings from unhappiness. Hence the name Mahāyāna (lit., the Great Vehicle).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What sutras are reserved for those who follow the bodhisattva path?
A: Mahayana', '
Q: What does Mahayana mean?
A: the Great Vehicle', '
Q: What path is described as being built upon the motivation to liberate all living beings?
A: bodhisattva path']
According to Mahayana tradition, the Mahayana sutras were transmitted in secret, came from other Buddhas or Bodhisattvas, or were preserved in non-human worlds because human beings at the time could not understand them:

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What sutras were transmitted in secret?
A: Mahayana', '
Q: What sutras could have been preserved in non-human worlds?
A: Mahayana', '
Q: What tradition says that sutras might have come from other Buddhas or Bodhisattvas?
A: Mahayana tradition']
Approximately six hundred Mahayana sutras have survived in Sanskrit or in Chinese or Tibetan translations. In addition, East Asian Buddhism recognizes some sutras regarded by scholars as of Chinese rather than Indian origin.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many Mahayana sutras have survivied in Sanskrit or in Chinese or Tibetan translations?
A: six hundred', '
Q: What buddhism recognizes sutras of Chinese origin?
A: East Asian Buddhism']
Generally, scholars conclude that the Mahayana scriptures were composed from the 1st century CE onwards: "Large numbers of Mahayana sutras were being composed in the period between the beginning of the common era and the fifth century", five centuries after the historical Gautama Buddha. Some of these had their roots in other scriptures composed in the 1st century BCE. It was not until after the 5th century CE that the Mahayana sutras started to influence the behavior of mainstream Buddhists in India: "But outside of texts, at least in India, at exactly the same period, very different—in fact seemingly older—ideas and aspirations appear to be motivating actual behavior, and old and established Hinnayana groups appear to be the only ones that are patronized and supported." These texts were apparently not universally accepted among Indian Buddhists when they appeared; the pejorative label Hinayana was applied by Mahayana supporters to those who rejected the Mahayana sutras.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did Mahayana sutras start to influence the behavior of mainstream buddhists in India?
A: after the 5th century CE', '
Q: What was the pejorative label for those that rejected Mahayana sutras?
A: Hinayana']
Only the Theravada school does not include the Mahayana scriptures in its canon. As the modern Theravada school is descended from a branch of Buddhism that diverged and established itself in Sri Lanka prior to the emergence of the Mahayana texts, debate exists as to whether the Theravada were historically included in the hinayana designation; in the modern era, this label is seen as derogatory, and is generally avoided.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What school does not include the Mahayava scriptures in its canon?
A: the Theravada', '
Q: The modern Theravada school stablished itself in what country?
A: Sri Lanka', '
Q: What Mahayana related label is considered derogatory?
A: hinayana']
Scholar Isabelle Onians asserts that although "the Mahāyāna ... very occasionally referred contemptuously to earlier Buddhism as the Hinayāna, the Inferior Way," "the preponderance of this name in the secondary literature is far out of proportion to occurrences in the Indian texts." She notes that the term Śrāvakayāna was "the more politically correct and much more usual" term used by Mahāyānists. Jonathan Silk has argued that the term "Hinayana" was used to refer to whomever one wanted to criticize on any given occasion, and did not refer to any definite grouping of Buddhists.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: The mahayana occasionally referred to early Buddhism as what?
A: Hinayana', '
Q: What term was more politically correct term for the word Hinayana?
A: Śrāvakayāna']
Buddhism provides many opportunities for comparative study with a diverse range of subjects. For example, Buddhism's emphasis on the Middle way not only provides a unique guideline for ethics but has also allowed Buddhism to peacefully coexist with various differing beliefs, customs and institutions in countries where it has resided throughout its history. Also, its moral and spiritual parallels with other systems of thought—for example, with various tenets of Christianity—have been subjects of close study. In addition, the Buddhist concept of dependent origination has been compared to modern scientific thought, as well as Western metaphysics.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What provides chances for comparative study with a large range of subjects?
A: Buddhism', "
Q: Buddhism's emphasis on the Middle Way provides a guideline for what?
A: ethics", '
Q: Buddism has what kind of parallels withother systems of thought?
A: moral and spiritual', '
Q: Buddhism had similiar tenets to what other common religion?
A: Christianity', '
Q: Buddhist concept of dependent origination has been compared to what modern thought?
A: scientific']
There are differences of opinion on the question of whether or not Buddhism should be considered a religion. Many sources commonly refer to Buddhism as a religion. For example:

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What school of thought is questioned on whether or not it is a religion?
A: Buddhism', '
Q: What is often referred to as a religion by many sources?
A: Buddhism']
American Idol is an American singing competition series created by Simon Fuller and produced by 19 Entertainment, and is distributed by FremantleMedia North America. It began airing on Fox on June 11, 2002, as an addition to the Idols format based on the British series Pop Idol and has since become one of the most successful shows in the history of American television. The concept of the series is to find new solo recording artists, with the winner being determined by the viewers in America. Winners chosen by viewers through telephone, Internet, and SMS text voting were Kelly Clarkson, Ruben Studdard, Fantasia Barrino, Carrie Underwood, Taylor Hicks, Jordin Sparks, David Cook, Kris Allen, Lee DeWyze, Scotty McCreery, Phillip Phillips, Candice Glover, Caleb Johnson, and Nick Fradiani.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who is the creator of American Idol?
A: Simon Fuller', '
Q: What company produces American idol?
A: 19 Entertainment', '
Q: What year did American Idol begin airing?
A: 2002', '
Q: What British show is American Idols format based on?
A: Pop Idol', '
Q: What television network does American Idol air on?
A: Fox', '
Q: What company produces American Idol?
A: 19 Entertainment', '
Q: What British series is American Idols format based on?
A: Pop Idol', '
Q: Who created American Idol?
A: Simon Fuller', '
Q: Who produced American Idol?
A: 19 Entertainment', '
Q: When did American Idol first air on TV?
A: June 11, 2002', '
Q: What British show was American Idol based on?
A: Pop Idol']
American Idol employs a panel of judges who critique the contestants' performances. The original judges were record producer and music manager Randy Jackson, pop singer and choreographer Paula Abdul and music executive and manager Simon Cowell. The judging panel for the most recent season consisted of country singer Keith Urban, singer and actress Jennifer Lopez, and jazz singer Harry Connick, Jr. The show was originally hosted by radio personality Ryan Seacrest and comedian Brian Dunkleman, with Seacrest continuing on for the rest of the seasons.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What record producer was an original judge on American Idol?
A: Randy Jackson', '
Q: What comedian was an original host on American Idol? 
A: Brian Dunkleman', '
Q: What actress is a judge on the most current season of American Idol? 
A: Jennifer Lopez', '
Q: Who was a host on all seasons of American Idol?
A: Ryan Seacrest', '
Q: What comedian was an original host on American Idol?
A: Brian Dunkleman', '
Q: What pop singer was an original judge on American Idol?
A: Paula Abdul', '
Q: What actress is a judge on the most current season of American Idol?
A: Jennifer Lopez', '
Q: Which original judge was a record producer and music manager?
A: Randy Jackson', '
Q: Which original judge was a choreographer?
A: Paula Abdul', '
Q: Which original judge was a music executive?
A: Simon Cowell', '
Q: Which judge is a country music singer?
A: Keith Urban', '
Q: Which judge is a jazz singer?
A: Harry Connick, Jr.']
The success of American Idol has been described as "unparalleled in broadcasting history". The series was also said by a rival TV executive to be "the most impactful show in the history of television". It has become a recognized springboard for launching the career of many artists as bona fide stars. According to Billboard magazine, in its first ten years, "Idol has spawned 345 Billboard chart-toppers and a platoon of pop idols, including Kelly Clarkson, Carrie Underwood, Chris Daughtry, Fantasia, Ruben Studdard, Jennifer Hudson, Clay Aiken, Adam Lambert and Jordin Sparks while remaining a TV ratings juggernaut."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many Billboard hits did American Idol produce in its first ten years?
A: 345', '
Q: Who was a pop idol that started on American Idol?
A: Kelly Clarkson', '
Q: Who called American Idol "the most impactful show in the history of television"?
A: a rival TV executive', '
Q: Who was a pop idol that started on American Idol?
A: Carrie Underwood', '
Q: Who was a pop idol that started on American Idol?
A: Fantasia', '
Q: Who was a pop idol that started on American Idol?
A: Carrie Underwood', '
Q: Who was a pop idol that started on American Idol?
A: Fantasia', '
Q: How many Billboard chart toppers did American Idol contestants have within the first ten seasons?
A: 345', '
Q: Who said that American Idol is "the most impactful show in the history of televsion?
A: a rival TV executive']
For an unprecedented eight consecutive years, from the 2003–04 television season through the 2010–11 season, either its performance or result show had been ranked number one in U.S. television ratings. The popularity of American Idol however declined, and on May 11, 2015, Fox announced that the series would conclude its run in its fifteenth season.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year did FOX announce that American Idol was cancelled?
A: 2015', '
Q: What year did FOX announce the cancellation of American Idol?
A: 2015', '
Q: For how many seasons did American Idol air? 
A: 15', '
Q: How many consecutive years did American Idol been ranked number one in ratings?
A: eight', '
Q: When did Fox announce that American Idol is ending?
A: May 11, 2015']
American Idol was based on the British show Pop Idol created by Simon Fuller, which was in turn inspired by the New Zealand television singing competition Popstars. Television producer Nigel Lythgoe saw it in Australia and helped bring it over to Britain. Fuller was inspired by the idea from Popstars of employing a panel of judges to select singers in audition. He then added other elements, such as telephone voting by the viewing public (which at the time was already in use in shows such as the Eurovision Song Contest), the drama of backstories and real-life soap opera unfolding in real time. The show debuted in 2001 in Britain with Lythgoe as showrunner‍—‌the executive producer and production leader‍—‌and Simon Cowell as one of the judges, and was a big success with the viewing public.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What show in New Zealand was the inspiration for the British Series Pop Idol?
A: Popstars', '
Q: Who was the creator of British Series Pop Idol?
A: Simon Fuller', '
Q: What year did Pop Idol make its television debut?
A: 2001', '
Q: Who was a judge on the British series Pop Idol in 2001?
A: Simon Cowell', '
Q: Wha was the executive producer of Pop Idol in 2001?
A: Nigel Lythgoe', '
Q: What show was Pop Idols based on?
A: Popstars', '
Q: Who saw Popstars while in Australia and wanted Britain to have the same thing?
A: Nigel Lythgoe', '
Q: In addition to back stories and drama, what did Fuller add to the show?
A: telephone voting', '
Q: When did Pop Idol premiere in Britain?
A: 2001', '
Q: Who was the executive producer of Pop Idol?
A: Lythgoe']
In 2001, Fuller, Cowell, and TV producer Simon Jones attempted to sell the Pop Idol format to the United States, but the idea was met with poor response from United States television networks. However, Rupert Murdoch, head of Fox's parent company, was persuaded to buy the show by his daughter Elisabeth, who was a fan of the British show. The show was renamed American Idol: The Search for a Superstar and debuted in the summer of 2002. Cowell was initially offered the job as showrunner but refused; Lythgoe then took over that position. Much to Cowell's surprise, it became one of the hit shows for the summer that year. The show, with the personal engagement of the viewers with the contestants through voting, and the presence of the acid-tongued Cowell as a judge, grew into a phenomenon. By 2004, it had become the most-watched show in the U.S., a position it then held on for seven consecutive seasons.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: For how many seasons was American Idol the most watched show in the US?
A: seven', '
Q: What year did American Idol first air on FOX?
A: 2002', '
Q: What year did producers attempt to sell the Pop Idol format in the United States? 
A: 2001', '
Q: Who talked Rupert Murdoch into buying American Idol for FOX?
A: his daughter Elisabeth', "
Q: Who is the head of Fox's parent company?
A: Rupert Murdoch", '
Q: What was Pop Idol renamed to for its American debut?
A: American Idol: The Search for a Superstar']
The show had originally planned on having four judges following the Pop Idol format; however, only three judges had been found by the time of the audition round in the first season, namely Randy Jackson, Paula Abdul and Simon Cowell. A fourth judge, radio DJ Stryker, was originally chosen but he dropped out citing "image concerns". In the second season, New York radio personality Angie Martinez had been hired as a fourth judge but withdrew only after a few days of auditions due to not being comfortable with giving out criticism. The show decided to continue with the three judges format until season eight. All three original judges stayed on the judging panel for eight seasons.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: For how many seasons were the three original judges on American Idol?
A: eight', '
Q: How many judges were originally planned for American Idol?
A: four', '
Q: What New York radio personalty was hired as a judge for American Idol in season two but declined?
A: Angie Martinez', '
Q: What radio DJ was originally hired as a judge in season one but declined?
A: Stryker', '
Q: How many judges were originally intended for the show?
A: four', '
Q: Which judge quit before the premiere, citing image concerns?
A: DJ Stryker', '
Q: During Season two, which judge quit after a few days?
A: Angie Martinez', '
Q: When did American Idol change to a four-judge panel?
A: season eight']
In season eight, Latin Grammy Award-nominated singer–songwriter and record producer Kara DioGuardi was added as a fourth judge. She stayed for two seasons and left the show before season ten. Paula Abdul left the show before season nine after failing to agree terms with the show producers. Emmy Award-winning talk show host Ellen DeGeneres replaced Paula Abdul for that season, but left after just one season. On January 11, 2010, Simon Cowell announced that he was leaving the show to pursue introducing the American version of his show The X Factor to the USA for 2011. Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler joined the judging panel in season ten, but both left after two seasons. They were replaced by three new judges, Mariah Carey, Nicki Minaj and Keith Urban, who joined Randy Jackson in season 12. However both Carey and Minaj left after one season, and Randy Jackson also announced that he would depart the show after twelve seasons as a judge but would return as a mentor. Urban is the only judge from season 12 to return in season 13. He was joined by previous judge Jennifer Lopez and former mentor Harry Connick, Jr.. Lopez, Urban and Connick, Jr. all returned as judges for the show's fourteenth and fifteenth seasons.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was added as a fourth judge in the eighth season of American Idol?
A: Kara DioGuardi', '
Q: Who replaced Paula Abdul as a judge in season nine of American Idol?
A: Ellen DeGeneres', '
Q: For how many seasons was Steven Tyler a judge on American Idol?
A: two', '
Q: What year did Simon Cowell announce that he was leaving American Idol?
A: 2010', '
Q: What show did Simon Cowell launch in 2011 after leaving American Idol?
A: The X Factor', '
Q: Who was added as a fourth judge for the eighth season?
A: Kara DioGuardi', '
Q: When did Paula Abdul quit as a judge?
A: before season nine', '
Q: When did Simon Cowell announce he was no longer going to be a judge?
A: January 11, 2010', '
Q: Which talk show host replaced Paula Abdul?
A: Ellen DeGeneres', '
Q: When did Steven Tyler become a judge?
A: season ten']
Guest judges may occasionally be introduced. In season two, guest judges such as Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb were used, and in season three Donna Summer, Quentin Tarantino and some of the mentors also joined as judges to critique the performances in the final rounds. Guest judges were used in the audition rounds for seasons four, six, nine, and fourteen such as Gene Simmons and LL Cool J in season four, Jewel and Olivia Newton-John in season six, Shania Twain in season eight, Neil Patrick Harris, Avril Lavigne and Katy Perry in season nine, and season eight runner-up, Adam Lambert, in season fourteen.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what season was Lionel Richie a guest judge on American Idol?
A: season two', '
Q: Which season eight contestant was a guest judge in season fourteen?
A: Adam Lambert', '
Q: In what season was Donna Summer a guest judge on American Idol?
A: season three', '
Q: In which season was Shania Twain a guest judge on American Idol?
A: season six', '
Q: Which season of American Idol featured Katy Perry as a guest judge?
A: season nine', '
Q: Who were the guest judges in season two?
A: Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb', '
Q: When was Shania Twain a guest judge for auditions?
A: season eight', '
Q: When did Donna Summer help the contestants during the final rounds?
A: season three']
The first season was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman. Dunkleman quit thereafter, making Seacrest the sole emcee of the show starting with season two.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was the only host of American Idol after season one?
A: Ryan Seacrest', '
Q: Which host quit after the first season?
A: Brian Dunkleman']
Beginning in the tenth season[citation needed], permanent mentors were brought in during the live shows to help guide the contestants with their song choice and performance. Jimmy Iovine was the mentor in the tenth through twelfth seasons, former judge Randy Jackson was the mentor for the thirteenth season and Scott Borchetta was the mentor for the fourteenth and fifteenth season. The mentors regularly bring in guest mentors to aid them, including Akon, Alicia Keys, Lady Gaga, and current judge Harry Connick, Jr..

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was a mentor to the contestants on American Idol in its thirteenth season? 
A: Randy Jackson', '
Q: Who mentored contestants in the fourteenth and fifteenth seasons of American Idol?
A: Scott Borchetta', '
Q: What two things did the mentors help the contestants with?
A: song choice and performance', '
Q: Who was the mentor for seasons 10 - 12?
A: Jimmy Iovine', '
Q: Who was the mentor for season 13?
A: Randy Jackson', '
Q: Who was the mentor for seasons 14 and 15?
A: Scott Borchetta']
The eligible age-range for contestants is currently fifteen to twenty-eight years old. The initial age limit was sixteen to twenty-four in the first three seasons, but the upper limit was raised to twenty-eight in season four, and the lower limit was reduced to fifteen in season ten. The contestants must be legal U.S. residents, cannot have advanced to particular stages of the competition in previous seasons (varies depending on the season, currently by the semi-final stage until season thirteen), and must not hold any current recording or talent representation contract by the semi-final stage (in previous years by the audition stage).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the upper age limit for contestants on American Idol?
A: twenty-eight', '
Q: When was the age limit increased to 28?
A: season four', '
Q: Currently, contestants can not have a recording track by what stage of the competition? 
A: semi-final stage']
Contestants go through at least three sets of cuts. The first is a brief audition with a few other contestants in front of selectors which may include one of the show's producers. Although auditions can exceed 10,000 in each city, only a few hundred of these make it past the preliminary round of auditions. Successful contestants then sing in front of producers, where more may be cut. Only then can they proceed to audition in front of the judges, which is the only audition stage shown on television. Those selected by the judges are sent to Hollywood. Between 10–60 people in each city may make it to Hollywood[citation needed].

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many auditions are there before contestants audition for the judges?
A: at least three', '
Q: Which audition stage is televised?
A: the judges', '
Q: How many contestants make it through the initial auditions in each city?
A: a few hundred', '
Q: What is the only televised portion of the preliminary audition rounds?
A: in front of the judges', '
Q: How many rounds can a contestant make it through before Hollywood?
A: three', '
Q: Who do contestants sing for in the second round of cuts during auditions?
A: producers', '
Q: If contestants get approval from the judges, where do they go next?
A: Hollywood']