romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
In Johannine "agent Christology" the submission of Jesus to crucifixion is a sacrifice made as an agent of God or servant of God, for the sake of eventual victory. This builds on the salvific theme of the Gospel of John which begins in John 1:29 with John the Baptist's proclamation: "The Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world". Further reinforcement of the concept is provided in Revelation 21:14 where the "lamb slain but standing" is the only one worthy of handling the scroll (i.e. the book) containing the names of those who are to be saved.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What book details the submission of Jesus to being crucified?
A: agent Christology', '
Q: Why did Jesus accept Crucifixion.
A: sake of eventual victory', '
Q: What theme is central is the Gospel of John in resurrection?
A: salvific theme', '
Q: How is Resurrection detailed in the book of Revelations?
A: lamb slain but standing', '
Q: What is another name for Jesus given?
A: The Lamb of God']
Paul's Christology has a specific focus on the death and resurrection of Jesus. For Paul, the crucifixion of Jesus is directly related to his resurrection and the term "the cross of Christ" used in Galatians 6:12 may be viewed as his abbreviation of the message of the gospels. For Paul, the crucifixion of Jesus was not an isolated event in history, but a cosmic event with significant eschatological consequences, as in 1 Corinthians 2:8. In the Pauline view, Jesus, obedient to the point of death (Philippians 2:8) died "at the right time" (Romans 4:25) based on the plan of God. For Paul the "power of the cross" is not separable from the Resurrection of Jesus.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Who's Christology focuses on the death and Resurrection?
A: Paul's Christology", '
Q: How is the crucifixion related to the resurrection per Paul?
A: directly related', '
Q: What term does Paul use for the Gospels?
A: the cross of Christ', '
Q: Paul claims the Resurrection was needed for what reason?
A: based on the plan of God', '
Q: How does Paul view the Resurrection of Jesus?
A: power of the cross']
John Calvin supported the "agent of God" Christology and argued that in his trial in Pilate's Court Jesus could have successfully argued for his innocence, but instead submitted to crucifixion in obedience to the Father. This Christological theme continued into the 20th century, both in the Eastern and Western Churches. In the Eastern Church Sergei Bulgakov argued that the crucifixion of Jesus was "pre-eternally" determined by the Father before the creation of the world, to redeem humanity from the disgrace caused by the fall of Adam. In the Western Church, Karl Rahner elaborated on the analogy that the blood of the Lamb of God (and the water from the side of Jesus) shed at the crucifixion had a cleansing nature, similar to baptismal water.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did John Calvin claim Jesus could have done?
A: successfully argued for his innocence', '
Q: Why did Jesus submit to crucifixion?
A: obedience to the Father', '
Q: The Eastern Church believes what regarding the death and ressurection?
A: "pre-eternally" determined by the Father', "
Q: What did Jesus's death accomplish per the Eastern Church?
A: redeem humanity from the disgrace caused by the fall of Adam", '
Q: What is the blood of the lamb?
A: had a cleansing nature, similar to baptismal water']
Jesus' death and resurrection underpin a variety of theological interpretations as to how salvation is granted to humanity. These interpretations vary widely in how much emphasis they place on the death of Jesus as compared to his words. According to the substitutionary atonement view, Jesus' death is of central importance, and Jesus willingly sacrificed himself as an act of perfect obedience as a sacrifice of love which pleased God. By contrast the moral influence theory of atonement focuses much more on the moral content of Jesus' teaching, and sees Jesus' death as a martyrdom. Since the Middle Ages there has been conflict between these two views within Western Christianity. Evangelical Protestants typically hold a substitutionary view and in particular hold to the theory of penal substitution. Liberal Protestants typically reject substitutionary atonement and hold to the moral influence theory of atonement. Both views are popular within the Roman Catholic church, with the satisfaction doctrine incorporated into the idea of penance.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What does Jesus' death and Resurrection support?
A: how salvation is granted to humanity", "
Q: How important is Jesus' death to modern theology?
A: central importance", '
Q: Did Jesus sacrifice himself without fighting?
A: Jesus willingly sacrificed himself', '
Q: Why did Jesus sacrifice himself?
A: an act of perfect obedience', '
Q: What church is the sacrifice important to?
A: the Roman Catholic church']
The presence of the Virgin Mary under the cross[Jn. 19:26-27] has in itself been the subject of Marian art, and well known Catholic symbolism such as the Miraculous Medal and Pope John Paul II's Coat of Arms bearing a Marian Cross. And a number of Marian devotions also involve the presence of the Virgin Mary in Calvary, e.g., Pope John Paul II stated that "Mary was united to Jesus on the Cross". Well known works of Christian art by masters such as Raphael (e.g., the Mond Crucifixion), and Caravaggio (e.g., his Entombment) depict the Virgin Mary as part of the crucifixion scene.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was present under the cross?
A: Virgin Mary', '
Q: What symbol is popular in Marian Art?
A: Marian Cross', "
Q: Which pope claims Mary was present at Jesus' Crucifixion?
A: Pope John Paul II", '
Q: Who painted the Mond Crucifixion.
A: Raphael', '
Q: Who was responsible for the art names "His Entombment"?
A: Caravaggio']
Miami (/maɪˈæmi/; Spanish pronunciation: [maiˈami]) is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the seat of Miami-Dade County. The 44th-most populated city proper in the United States, with a population of 430,332, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the Miami metropolitan area, and the second most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States after Washington, D.C. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Miami's metro area is the eighth-most populous and fourth-largest urban area in the United States, with a population of around 5.5 million.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: On which coast of Florida is Miami located?
A: Atlantic', '
Q: Miami is located in which Florida county?
A: Miami-Dade County', '
Q: Where does Miami fall among the most populous urban areas in the United States?
A: eighth', '
Q: Which city is the only one with a larger population than Miami in the southeastern United States?
A: Washington, D.C.', "
Q: What is the approximate population of Miami's metro area?
A: 5.5 million", '
Q: Which Florida county is Miami located in?
A: Miami-Dade', '
Q: How does Miami rank as a populous metropolis compared with other Southeastern states in the U.S.?
A: second most populous', '
Q: What is the population of Miami?
A: 430,332', "
Q: How is the size of Miami's urban area rated compared with other U.S. urban areas?
A: fourth-largest", '
Q: Which coast is Miami located on?
A: Atlantic', '
Q: What is the approximate population of the Miami metro area?
A: 5.5 million', '
Q: In what geographic portion of Florida is Miami located?
A: southeastern', '
Q: What county is Miami located in?
A: Miami-Dade County', '
Q: Where does Miami rank among American cities by population?
A: 44th', '
Q: How many people live in Miami?
A: 430,332']
Miami is a major center, and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2012, Miami was classified as an Alpha−World City in the World Cities Study Group's inventory. In 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked 33rd among global cities. In 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami "America's Cleanest City", for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets, and city-wide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, and the world's fifth-richest city in terms of purchasing power. Miami is nicknamed the "Capital of Latin America", is the second largest U.S. city with a Spanish-speaking majority, and the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What classification did the World Cities Study Group give to Miami?
A: Alpha−World City', '
Q: Where did Miami rank among cities around the world in regard to finance?
A: 33rd', "
Q: What did Forbes call Miami in 2008?
A: America's Cleanest City", '
Q: What is a nickname given to Miami?
A: Capital of Latin America', '
Q: Where does Miami rank in terms of US Spanish-speaking populations?
A: second']
Downtown Miami is home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States, and many large national and international companies. The Civic Center is a major center for hospitals, research institutes, medical centers, and biotechnology industries. For more than two decades, the Port of Miami, known as the "Cruise Capital of the World", has been the number one cruise passenger port in the world. It accommodates some of the world's largest cruise ships and operations, and is the busiest port in both passenger traffic and cruise lines.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What does downtown Miami possess more of than any other US city?
A: international banks', "
Q: Along with cruise lines, in what traffic does Miami's port rank first?
A: passenger", '
Q: What is called the "Cruise Capital of the World"?
A: Port of Miami', "
Q: How long has Miami been the world's top cruise passenger port?
A: two decades", '
Q: Along with hospitals, medical centers and biotechnology industries, what is notably present in the Civic Center?
A: research institutes']
Miami is noted as "the only major city in the United States conceived by a woman, Julia Tuttle", a local citrus grower and a wealthy Cleveland native. The Miami area was better known as "Biscayne Bay Country" in the early years of its growth. In the late 19th century, reports described the area as a promising wilderness. The area was also characterized as "one of the finest building sites in Florida." The Great Freeze of 1894–95 hastened Miami's growth, as the crops of the Miami area were the only ones in Florida that survived. Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced Henry Flagler, a railroad tycoon, to expand his Florida East Coast Railway to the region, for which she became known as "the mother of Miami." Miami was officially incorporated as a city on July 28, 1896 with a population of just over 300. It was named for the nearby Miami River, derived from Mayaimi, the historic name of Lake Okeechobee.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where was Julia Tuttle born?
A: Cleveland', '
Q: Prior to the naming of Miami, what was the area around Miami called?
A: Biscayne Bay Country', '
Q: When did the Great Freeze occur?
A: 1894–95', '
Q: What railroad was owned by Henry Flagler?
A: Florida East Coast Railway', '
Q: Who was "the mother of Miami"?
A: Julia Tuttle']
Black labor played a crucial role in Miami's early development. During the beginning of the 20th century, migrants from the Bahamas and African-Americans constituted 40 percent of the city's population. Whatever their role in the city's growth, their community's growth was limited to a small space. When landlords began to rent homes to African-Americans in neighborhoods close to Avenue J (what would later become NW Fifth Avenue), a gang of white man with torches visited the renting families and warned them to move or be bombed.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: In the early 1900s, what percentage of Miami's population was of African origin?
A: 40", '
Q: What was NW Fifth Avenue previously called?
A: Avenue J', "
Q: Where did a portion of Miami's black population migrate from in the early 1900s?
A: Bahamas"]
During the early 20th century, northerners were attracted to the city, and Miami prospered during the 1920s with an increase in population and infrastructure. The legacy of Jim Crow was embedded in these developments. Miami's chief of police, H. Leslie Quigg, did not hide the fact that he, like many other white Miami police officers, was a member of the Ku Klux Klan. Unsurprisingly, these officers enforced social codes far beyond the written law. Quigg, for example, "personally and publicly beat a colored bellboy to death for speaking directly to a white woman."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was a notable chief of the Miami police?
A: H. Leslie Quigg', '
Q: To what controversial organization did a Miami chief of police belong?
A: Ku Klux Klan', '
Q: For what reason did H. Leslie Quigg kill a black man?
A: speaking directly to a white woman', '
Q: What was the occupation of the African-American man killed by Quigg?
A: bellboy']
After Fidel Castro rose to power in Cuba in 1959, many wealthy Cubans sought refuge in Miami, further increasing the population. The city developed businesses and cultural amenities as part of the New South. In the 1980s and 1990s, South Florida weathered social problems related to drug wars, immigration from Haiti and Latin America, and the widespread destruction of Hurricane Andrew. Racial and cultural tensions were sometimes sparked, but the city developed in the latter half of the 20th century as a major international, financial, and cultural center. It is the second-largest U.S. city (after El Paso, Texas) with a Spanish-speaking majority, and the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year did Fidel Castro take over Cuba?
A: 1959', '
Q: From what country did people notably emigrate to southern Florida in the 1980s and 90s?
A: Haiti', '
Q: What notable hurricane occurred between the 1980s and 1990s?
A: Andrew', '
Q: What is the largest city in the United States where a majority of the population speaks Spanish?
A: El Paso, Texas', '
Q: Miami is the US city with the largest population of what ethnic group?
A: Cuban-American']
Miami and its suburbs are located on a broad plain between the Florida Everglades to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east, which also extends from Florida Bay north to Lake Okeechobee. The elevation of the area never rises above 40 ft (12 m) and averages at around 6 ft (1.8 m) above mean sea level in most neighborhoods, especially near the coast. The highest undulations are found along the coastal Miami Rock Ridge, whose substrate underlies most of the eastern Miami metropolitan region. The main portion of the city lies on the shores of Biscayne Bay which contains several hundred natural and artificially created barrier islands, the largest of which contains Miami Beach and South Beach. The Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current, runs northward just 15 miles (24 km) off the coast, allowing the city's climate to stay warm and mild all year.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where are the Everglades in relation to Miami?
A: east', '
Q: To travel from Biscayne Bay to Miami, in what direction would one move?
A: west', '
Q: What is the northern terminus of Biscayne Bay?
A: Lake Okeechobee', "
Q: In kilometers, how far is the Gulf Stream from Miami's coast?
A: 24", '
Q: In meters, what is the average height above sea level of the Miami area?
A: 1.8']
The surface bedrock under the Miami area is called Miami oolite or Miami limestone. This bedrock is covered by a thin layer of soil, and is no more than 50 feet (15 m) thick. Miami limestone formed as the result of the drastic changes in sea level associated with recent glaciations or ice ages. Beginning some 130,000 years ago the Sangamonian Stage raised sea levels to approximately 25 feet (8 m) above the current level. All of southern Florida was covered by a shallow sea. Several parallel lines of reef formed along the edge of the submerged Florida plateau, stretching from the present Miami area to what is now the Dry Tortugas. The area behind this reef line was in effect a large lagoon, and the Miami limestone formed throughout the area from the deposition of oolites and the shells of bryozoans. Starting about 100,000 years ago the Wisconsin glaciation began lowering sea levels, exposing the floor of the lagoon. By 15,000 years ago, the sea level had dropped to 300 to 350 feet (90 to 110 m) below the contemporary level. The sea level rose quickly after that, stabilizing at the current level about 4000 years ago, leaving the mainland of South Florida just above sea level.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is another name for Miami limestone?
A: Miami oolite', '
Q: How many meters thick is the bedrock under Miami at its maximum?
A: 15', '
Q: What Stage occurred approximately 130,000 years ago?
A: Sangamonian', '
Q: How many meters did the Sangamonian Stage raise sea levels compared to their present level?
A: 8', '
Q: What event caused sea levels to decrease approximately 100,000 years ago?
A: Wisconsin glaciation']
Beneath the plain lies the Biscayne Aquifer, a natural underground source of fresh water that extends from southern Palm Beach County to Florida Bay, with its highest point peaking around the cities of Miami Springs and Hialeah. Most of the Miami metropolitan area obtains its drinking water from this aquifer. As a result of the aquifer, it is not possible to dig more than 15 to 20 ft (5 to 6 m) beneath the city without hitting water, which impedes underground construction, though some underground parking garages exist. For this reason, the mass transit systems in and around Miami are elevated or at-grade.[citation needed]

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Along with Miami Springs, where is the highest point of the Biscayne Aquifer?
A: Hialeah', '
Q: The Biscayne Aquifer stretches from Palm Beach County to where?
A: Florida Bay', '
Q: After digging how many meters is one sure to reach running water in Miami?
A: 5 to 6', "
Q: What is limited by Miami's high water table?
A: underground construction"]
Miami is partitioned into many different sections, roughly into North, South, West and Downtown. The heart of the city is Downtown Miami and is technically on the eastern side of the city. This area includes Brickell, Virginia Key, Watson Island, and PortMiami. Downtown is South Florida's central business district, and Florida's largest and most influential central business district. Downtown has the largest concentration of international banks in the U.S. along Brickell Avenue. Downtown is home to many major banks, courthouses, financial headquarters, cultural and tourist attractions, schools, parks and a large residential population. East of Downtown, across Biscayne Bay is South Beach. Just northwest of Downtown, is the Civic Center, which is Miami's center for hospitals, research institutes and biotechnology with hospitals such as Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami VA Hospital, and the University of Miami's Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Along with West, Downtown and North, what is the other notable area of Miami?
A: South', '
Q: By cardinal direction, what part of the city is referred to as Downtown?
A: eastern', '
Q: Along with Port Miami, Watson Island and Brickell, what area is in Downtown Miami?
A: Virginia Key', '
Q: On what street is the highest concentration of international banks in the US?
A: Brickell Avenue', '
Q: Where is South Beach in relation to Downtown?
A: East']
The southern side of Miami includes Coral Way, The Roads and Coconut Grove. Coral Way is a historic residential neighborhood built in 1922 connecting Downtown with Coral Gables, and is home to many old homes and tree-lined streets. Coconut Grove was established in 1825 and is the location of Miami's City Hall in Dinner Key, the Coconut Grove Playhouse, CocoWalk, many nightclubs, bars, restaurants and bohemian shops, and as such, is very popular with local college students. It is a historic neighborhood with narrow, winding roads, and a heavy tree canopy. Coconut Grove has many parks and gardens such as Villa Vizcaya, The Kampong, The Barnacle Historic State Park, and is the home of the Coconut Grove Convention Center and numerous historic homes and estates.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Along with Coconut Grove and Coral Way, what is notably present in southern Miami?
A: The Roads', '
Q: When was Coral Way constructed?
A: 1922', '
Q: What does Coral Way connect to Coral Gables?
A: Downtown', '
Q: In what year did the establishment of Coconut Grove occur?
A: 1825', '
Q: What part of Coconut Grove houses the city hall of Miami?
A: Dinner Key']
The northern side of Miami includes Midtown, a district with a great mix of diversity with many West Indians, Hispanics, European Americans, bohemians, and artists. Edgewater, and Wynwood, are neighborhoods of Midtown and are made up mostly of high-rise residential towers and are home to the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts. The wealthier residents usually live in the northeastern part, in Midtown, the Design District, and the Upper East Side, with many sought after 1920s homes and home of the MiMo Historic District, a style of architecture originated in Miami in the 1950s. The northern side of Miami also has notable African American and Caribbean immigrant communities such as Little Haiti, Overtown (home of the Lyric Theater), and Liberty City.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What notable theater is present in Overtown?
A: Lyric', '
Q: After whom is the performing arts center in Midtown named?
A: Adrienne Arsht', '
Q: In what part of Miami is Midtown?
A: northern', '
Q: What is the name of the architectural style originating in 1950s Miami?
A: MiMo', '
Q: What northern Miami neighborhood is named for a Caribbean country?
A: Little Haiti']
Miami has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am) with hot and humid summers and short, warm winters, with a marked drier season in the winter. Its sea-level elevation, coastal location, position just above the Tropic of Cancer, and proximity to the Gulf Stream shapes its climate. With January averaging 67.2 °F (19.6 °C), winter features mild to warm temperatures; cool air usually settles after the passage of a cold front, which produces much of the little amount of rainfall during the season. Lows occasionally fall below 50 °F (10 °C), but very rarely below 35 °F (2 °C). Highs generally range between 70–77 °F (21–25 °C).

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is Miami's Köppen climate classification?
A: Am", '
Q: What type of weather does Miami have in the summer?
A: hot and humid', '
Q: In degrees Celsius, what is the average January temperature in Miami?
A: 19.6', '
Q: In degrees Fahrenheit, what is the normal range of high temperatures in Miami?
A: 70–77', '
Q: In degrees Celsius, what temperature does Miami rarely see?
A: 2']
The wet season begins some time in May, ending in mid-October. During this period, temperatures are in the mid 80s to low 90s (29–35 °C), accompanied by high humidity, though the heat is often relieved by afternoon thunderstorms or a sea breeze that develops off the Atlantic Ocean, which then allow lower temperatures, but conditions still remain very muggy. Much of the year's 55.9 inches (1,420 mm) of rainfall occurs during this period. Dewpoints in the warm months range from 71.9 °F (22.2 °C) in June to 73.7 °F (23.2 °C) in August.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: When is the beginning of Miami's wet season?
A: May", '
Q: What month sees the end of the wet season in Miami?
A: October', '
Q: In degrees Celsius, what is the range of temperatures during the wet season?
A: 29–35', '
Q: How many millimeters of rain fall on Miami annually?
A: 1,420', '
Q: What is the typical August dew point in degrees Fahrenheit?
A: 73.7']