romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
In March 1861, Victoria's mother died, with Victoria at her side. Through reading her mother's papers, Victoria discovered that her mother had loved her deeply; she was heart-broken, and blamed Conroy and Lehzen for "wickedly" estranging her from her mother. To relieve his wife during her intense and deep grief, Albert took on most of her duties, despite being ill himself with chronic stomach trouble. In August, Victoria and Albert visited their son, the Prince of Wales, who was attending army manoeuvres near Dublin, and spent a few days holidaying in Killarney. In November, Albert was made aware of gossip that his son had slept with an actress in Ireland. Appalled, Albert travelled to Cambridge, where his son was studying, to confront him. By the beginning of December, Albert was very unwell. He was diagnosed with typhoid fever by William Jenner, and died on 14 December 1861. Victoria was devastated. She blamed her husband's death on worry over the Prince of Wales's philandering. He had been "killed by that dreadful business", she said. She entered a state of mourning and wore black for the remainder of her life. She avoided public appearances, and rarely set foot in London in the following years. Her seclusion earned her the nickname "widow of Windsor".

Questions and answers:
["
Q: During which year did Victoria's mother die?
A: 1861", "
Q: How did Victoria realize that her mother deeply loved her?
A: Through reading her mother's papers", '
Q: What was Albert ill with?
A: chronic stomach trouble', "
Q: What did Victoria blame Albert's death on?
A: Prince of Wales's philandering", '
Q: What was Prince of Wales attending to in Dublin?
A: army manoeuvres', "
Q: What year did Victoria's mother die?
A: 1861", '
Q: What year did Albert die?
A: 1861', '
Q: Who did Victoria blame for her poor relationship with her mother?
A: Conroy and Lehzen', "
Q: Who took on most of Victoria's duties while she grieved her mothers death?
A: Albert", '
Q: What illness was Albert suffering from while he helped Victoria through her grief?
A: chronic stomach trouble', "
Q: When did Victoria's mother die? 
A: March 1861", '
Q: What disease was Albert diagnosed with? 
A: typhoid fever', '
Q: When did Albert die of his illness? 
A: 14 December 1861', "
Q: What was Victoria's nickname following Alberts death? 
A: widow of Windsor", '
Q: Who was the Prince of Wales suspected to be having an affair with? 
A: an actress in Ireland', '
Q: When did the Duchess die?
A: 1861', '
Q: Who did Victoria blame for the problems between herself and the Duchess?
A: Conroy and Lehzen', "
Q: What caused Prince Albert's death?
A: typhoid fever", "
Q: Who did Victoria blame for Prince Albert's death?
A: their son, the Prince of Wales", '
Q: What gossip did Prince Albert hear about their son?
A: had slept with an actress in Ireland']
On 2 March 1882, Roderick Maclean, a disgruntled poet apparently offended by Victoria's refusal to accept one of his poems, shot at the Queen as her carriage left Windsor railway station. Two schoolboys from Eton College struck him with their umbrellas, until he was hustled away by a policeman. Victoria was outraged when he was found not guilty by reason of insanity, but was so pleased by the many expressions of loyalty after the attack that she said it was "worth being shot at—to see how much one is loved".

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who shot at the queen?
A: Roderick Maclean', '
Q: When was the shooting?
A: 2 March 1882', "
Q: What was Maclean's occupation?
A: poet", '
Q: Which college were to two boys attending?
A: Eton College', "
Q: With what did the college boy's hit the shooter with?
A: umbrellas", '
Q: Who shot Queen Victoria?
A: Roderick Maclean', '
Q: What year was the Queen shot?
A: 1882', '
Q: Who stopped Maclean after he shot the Queen?
A: Two schoolboys from Eton College', '
Q: What did the court determine was the fate for Maclean after shooting the Queen?
A: not guilty by reason of insanity', '
Q: How did the schoolboys stop Maclean?
A: struck him with their umbrellas', "
Q: What disgruntled poet shot at Victoria's carriage on March 2, 1882?
A: Roderick Maclean", '
Q: What school did the boys who defended the Queen with umbrellas attend? 
A: Eton College', "
Q: What was the verdict in Roderick Maclean's trial? 
A: he was found not guilty by reason of insanity", "
Q: What provoked the attack on Queen Victoria as she left Windsor? 
A: offended by Victoria's refusal to accept one of his poems", "
Q: What was Victoria's reaction to the verdict?
A: outraged", '
Q: Who attempted to assassinate the Queen?
A: Roderick Maclean', "
Q: What was the verdict in Maclean's trial?
A: not guilty by reason of insanity", '
Q: What position did Victoria take on being shot at?
A: "worth being shot at—to see how much one is loved"', '
Q: When did Maclean attempt to shoot Victoria?
A: 2 March 1882', '
Q: Why did Maclean shoot at Victoria?
A: refusal to accept one of his poems']
Gladstone returned to power after the 1892 general election; he was 82 years old. Victoria objected when Gladstone proposed appointing the Radical MP Henry Labouchere to the Cabinet, so Gladstone agreed not to appoint him. In 1894, Gladstone retired and, without consulting the outgoing prime minister, Victoria appointed Lord Rosebery as prime minister. His government was weak, and the following year Lord Salisbury replaced him. Salisbury remained prime minister for the remainder of Victoria's reign.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year did Gladstone return to power?
A: 1892', '
Q: How old was Gladstone in 1892?
A: 82', '
Q: What year did Gladstone retire?
A: 1894', '
Q: What position did Victoria appoint Lord Rosebery?
A: prime minister', '
Q: What year did Gadstone return to power?
A: 1892', '
Q: Who replaced Lord Rosebery the year following his appointment?
A: Lord Salisbury', '
Q: How old was Gladstone when he returned to power?
A: 82 years old', '
Q: What year did Gladstone retire?
A: 1894', '
Q: Who did Victoria appoint to replace Gladstone?
A: Lord Rosebery', '
Q: How old was Gladstone after the general election in 1892? 
A: 82 years old', '
Q: What radical MP did Victoria object to being appointed to the cabinet by Gladstone? 
A: Henry Labouchere', '
Q: Who did Victoria appoint to Prime Minister after Gladstone retired in 1894?
A: Lord Rosebery', '
Q: Who replaced Lord Rosenbery after only a year of government? 
A: Lord Salisbury', "
Q: How long did Lord Salisbury remain as Prime Minister?
A: for the remainder of Victoria's reign", '
Q: Who was returned to power in 1892?
A: Gladstone', "
Q: Who did Victoria appoint as Gladstone's succesor?
A: Lord Rosebery", '
Q: How did Lord Roseberry fare as Prime Minister?
A: His government was weak', '
Q: Who replaced Lord Roseberry as Prime Minister?
A: Lord Salisbury', "
Q: How long was Lord Sailsbury Prime Minister?
A: the remainder of Victoria's reign"]
In 1897, Victoria had written instructions for her funeral, which was to be military as befitting a soldier's daughter and the head of the army, and white instead of black. On 25 January, Edward VII, the Kaiser and Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, helped lift her body into the coffin. She was dressed in a white dress and her wedding veil. An array of mementos commemorating her extended family, friends and servants were laid in the coffin with her, at her request, by her doctor and dressers. One of Albert's dressing gowns was placed by her side, with a plaster cast of his hand, while a lock of John Brown's hair, along with a picture of him, was placed in her left hand concealed from the view of the family by a carefully positioned bunch of flowers. Items of jewellery placed on Victoria included the wedding ring of John Brown's mother, given to her by Brown in 1883. Her funeral was held on Saturday, 2 February, in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, and after two days of lying-in-state, she was interred beside Prince Albert in Frogmore Mausoleum at Windsor Great Park. As she was laid to rest at the mausoleum, it began to snow.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Which two people helped lift Victoria's body into the coffin?
A: Edward VII, the Kaiser and Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught", '
Q: What item from her wedding was Victoria dressed in inside her coffin?
A: wedding veil', '
Q: What color was her dress?
A: white', "
Q: Who's dressing gown was placed by her side?
A: Albert's", '
Q: A plaster cast of what part of Alberts body was placed in the coffin with the Queen?
A: his hand', "
Q: Where was the funeral of Queen Victoria held?
A: St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle", '
Q: What clothing was Queen Victoria laid to rest in?
A: a white dress and her wedding veil', '
Q: What year did Queen Victoria die?
A: 1897', "
Q: What was placed in the Queens left hand when she was placed in her coffin?
A: a lock of John Brown's hair", '
Q: What did Victoria wear upon her death in her coffin? 
A: She was dressed in a white dress and her wedding veil', '
Q: Whose lock of hair was concealed in her left hand by flowers? 
A: John Brown', "
Q: When did John Brown give Victoria his mother's wedding ring? 
A: 1883", "
Q: When was Queen Victoria's funeral held? 
A: Saturday, 2 February", '
Q: Where was Queen Victoria laid to rest after her death? 
A: Frogmore Mausoleum at Windsor Great Park', '
Q: Where was Victoria laid to rest?
A: Frogmore Mausoleum at Windsor Great Park', "
Q: When was Queen Victoria's funeral held?
A: 2 February", "
Q: What was hidden in Queen Victoria's hand by her father's family?
A: a lock of John Brown's hair, along with a picture of him", '
Q: How was Victoria dressed for burial?
A: a white dress and her wedding veil', '
Q: Who placed Victoria into her coffin?
A: Edward VII, the Kaiser and Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught']
Victoria wrote to her uncle Leopold, whom Victoria considered her "best and kindest adviser", to thank him "for the prospect of great happiness you have contributed to give me, in the person of dear Albert ... He possesses every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy. He is so sensible, so kind, and so good, and so amiable too. He has besides the most pleasing and delightful exterior and appearance you can possibly see." However at 17, Victoria, though interested in Albert, was not yet ready to marry. The parties did not undertake a formal engagement, but assumed that the match would take place in due time.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Who was considered Victoria's best and kindest advisor?
A: uncle Leopold", '
Q: Who did Victoria describe as sensible, kind, and amiable?
A: Albert', '
Q: Who introduced Albert to Victoria?
A: uncle Leopold', "
Q: What Uncle was Victoria's favorite adviser?
A: Leopold", '
Q: How old was Victoria when she met Albert?
A: 17', '
Q: Who introduced Victoria and Albert?
A: her uncle Leopold', '
Q: What qualities did Victoria believe Albert posessed when she met him?
A: every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy', '
Q: Whom did Queen Victoria consider her "best and kindest adviser"? 
A: uncle Leopold', '
Q: Who was Victoria not ready to marry at age 17?
A: Albert', "
Q: What was Victoria's opinion of Albert's appearance? 
A: the most pleasing and delightful exterior", '
Q: Who did Victoria credit for her relationship to Albert?
A: her uncle Leopold', '
Q: What did Victoria think of Albert at 17 years of age?
A: He possesses every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy', "
Q: What were Albert's best qualities?
A: sensible, so kind, and so good, and so amiable", "
Q: How did Victoria find Albert's looks?
A: most pleasing and delightful exterior and appearance", '
Q: How old was Victoria when she was introduced to Albert?
A: 17']
In 1839, Melbourne resigned after Radicals and Tories (both of whom Victoria detested) voted against a bill to suspend the constitution of Jamaica. The bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery. The Queen commissioned a Tory, Sir Robert Peel, to form a new ministry. At the time, it was customary for the prime minister to appoint members of the Royal Household, who were usually his political allies and their spouses. Many of the Queen's ladies of the bedchamber were wives of Whigs, and Peel expected to replace them with wives of Tories. In what became known as the bedchamber crisis, Victoria, advised by Melbourne, objected to their removal. Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen, and consequently resigned his commission, allowing Melbourne to return to office.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did the Queen commission Sir Robert Peel to do?
A: to form a new ministry', '
Q: In what year did Melbourne resign?
A: 1839', '
Q: Which party was Sir Robert Peel a part of?
A: Tory', '
Q: What is the name of crisis where the wives of the Tories were replacing the wives of the Whigs?
A: bedchamber crisis', '
Q: What year did Melbourne resign?
A: 1839', '
Q: Who voted against the bill to end the constitution of Jamaica?
A: Radicals and Tories', '
Q: Who did the Queen commission to form a new ministry?
A: Sir Robert Peel', '
Q: Who returned to office after Peel resigned?
A: Melbourne', '
Q: The removal of the Queens bedchamber ladies became known as what?
A: the bedchamber crisis', '
Q: Who resigned their position in 1839? 
A: Melbourne', '
Q: Why did the Radicals and Tories oppose the bill about the constitution of Jamaica?
A: The bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery.', '
Q: What Tory did Victoria commision after Melbourne resigned his postion? 
A: Sir Robert Peel', '
Q: After Queen Victoria refuse to replace her ladies with wives of Tories, what did Sir Robert Peel do? 
A: resigned his commission', '
Q: Who did Victoria reappoint to the position after the Bedchamber Crisis? 
A: Melbourne', '
Q: What did the Radicals and Tories do that made Melbourne resign?
A: voted against a bill to suspend the constitution of Jamaica', '
Q: Which group was resisting the abolisment of slavery and were subsequently removed from power when the bill was voted down?
A: plantation owners', '
Q: Who did Robert Peel want to replace the ladies of the bedchamber with, instead of wives of Whigs?
A: wives of Tories', '
Q: Why did Peel resign his comission?
A: Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen', '
Q: Who returned to office after Peel resigned?
A: Melbourne']
Internationally, Victoria took a keen interest in the improvement of relations between France and Britain. She made and hosted several visits between the British royal family and the House of Orleans, who were related by marriage through the Coburgs. In 1843 and 1845, she and Albert stayed with King Louis Philippe I at château d'Eu in Normandy; she was the first British or English monarch to visit a French one since the meeting of Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France on the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520. When Louis Philippe made a reciprocal trip in 1844, he became the first French king to visit a British sovereign. Louis Philippe was deposed in the revolutions of 1848, and fled to exile in England. At the height of a revolutionary scare in the United Kingdom in April 1848, Victoria and her family left London for the greater safety of Osborne House, a private estate on the Isle of Wight that they had purchased in 1845 and redeveloped. Demonstrations by Chartists and Irish nationalists failed to attract widespread support, and the scare died down without any major disturbances. Victoria's first visit to Ireland in 1849 was a public relations success, but it had no lasting impact or effect on the growth of Irish nationalism.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which two countries was Victoria trying to improve relations between?
A: France and Britain', '
Q: How was the House of Orleans and the British Royal family related?
A: by marriage through the Coburgs', '
Q: Who did Victoria stay with in Normandy?
A: King Louis Philippe I', '
Q: What year did Victoria first visit Ireland?
A: 1849', '
Q: What year did Louis Philippe visit England?
A: 1844', '
Q: What two countries did Victoria take a large interest in improving relations between?
A: France and Britain', '
Q: What year was Victorias first visit to Ireland?
A: 1849', '
Q: Queen Victoria set up meetings between The Britian royal family and what house to help improve relations between Britain and France?
A: House of Orleans', '
Q: What was the name of the King of Normandy that Victoria and Albert stayed with in 1843 and 1845?
A: King Louis Philippe I', '
Q: Who was the first French King to visit Queen Victoria?
A: Louis Philippe', '
Q: Who was the first French king to visit Queen Victoria? 
A: Louis Philippe', '
Q: What happened to Louis Philippe after the revolution in France? 
A: fled to exile in England', '
Q: Where did Victoria and her family retreat to safety during a conflict in 1848? 
A: Osborne House', '
Q: What nation was visited for the first time by Victoria in 1849?
A: Ireland', '
Q: What French family did Victoria try to foster relations with? 
A: House of Orleans', "
Q: What was one of Victoria's major concerns?
A: improvement of relations between France and Britain", '
Q: When was Louis Phillipe deposed?
A: 1848', '
Q: Where did Victoria and her family go to for safety during the revolutionary scare of April 1848?
A: Osborne House, a private estate on the Isle of Wight', '
Q: When was Osborne house purchased?
A: 1845', '
Q: Which groups were demonstrating and trying to bring about a revolution before, ultimately, failing?
A: Chartists and Irish nationalists']
On 14 January 1858, an Italian refugee from Britain called Orsini attempted to assassinate Napoleon III with a bomb made in England. The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government, and Palmerston resigned. Derby was reinstated as prime minister. Victoria and Albert attended the opening of a new basin at the French military port of Cherbourg on 5 August 1858, in an attempt by Napoleon III to reassure Britain that his military preparations were directed elsewhere. On her return Victoria wrote to Derby reprimanding him for the poor state of the Royal Navy in comparison to the French one. Derby's ministry did not last long, and in June 1859 Victoria recalled Palmerston to office.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where was Orsini from?
A: Britain', '
Q: Who did Orsini try to assassinate?
A: Napoleon III', '
Q: What happened in June 1859?
A: Victoria recalled Palmerston to office', '
Q: What position did Derby hold?
A: prime minister', '
Q: What was the date of an attempted assasination on Napoleon?
A: 14 January 1858', '
Q: What was the name of the person that attempted to assasinate Napoleon?
A: Orsini', '
Q: What was the name of the French military port that opened on 5 August 1858?
A: port of Cherbourg', '
Q: Where was the bomb that Orsini used to attempt to assasinate Napoleon made?
A: England', '
Q: Who resigned due to the attempt on Napoleons life?
A: Palmerston', '
Q: Who survived an assasination attempt by the Italian refugee Orsini in 1858?
A: Napoleon III', "
Q: Who resigned their position following the scandal due to Orsini's bomb being made in England? 
A: Palmerston", '
Q: What new military port in France did Victoria and Albert visit after the crisis in 1858?
A: Cherbourg', '
Q: Why did Victoria repremend Derby following her visit with Napolean III? 
A: the poor state of the Royal Navy in comparison to the French one', '
Q: Who did Victoria recall to office following her disappointment with Derby in June of 1859? 
A: Palmerston', '
Q: Who attempted to assassinate Napoleon?
A: an Italian refugee from Britain called Orsini', '
Q: When did Orsinin attempt to assassinate Napoleon?
A: 14 January 1858', '
Q: How did Orsini try to assassinate Napoleon?
A: a bomb', '
Q: When did Victoria ask Palmerston to resume his office?
A: June 1859', '
Q: Where did Victoria visit that led her to reprimand Derby for the state of the Royal Navy?
A: French military port of Cherbourg']
Palmerston died in 1865, and after a brief ministry led by Russell, Derby returned to power. In 1866, Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert's death. The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to many urban working men, though she was not in favour of votes for women. Derby resigned in 1868, to be replaced by Benjamin Disraeli, who charmed Victoria. "Everyone likes flattery," he said, "and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel." With the phrase "we authors, Ma'am", he complimented her. Disraeli's ministry only lasted a matter of months, and at the end of the year his Liberal rival, William Ewart Gladstone, was appointed prime minister. Victoria found Gladstone's demeanour far less appealing; he spoke to her, she is thought to have complained, as though she were "a public meeting rather than a woman".

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who died in 1865?
A: Palmerston', '
Q: Who resigned in 1868?
A: Derby', '
Q: How long was Disraeli in office?
A: matter of months', "
Q: Who was Disraeli's rival?
A: William Ewart Gladstone", '
Q: What political view did Gladstone hold?
A: Liberal', '
Q: What year did Palmerston die?
A: 1865', '
Q: Who let the ministry for a very short time after the death of Palmerston?
A: Russell', '
Q: Who returned to power after Russels brief rule of the ministry?
A: Derby', '
Q: Following Alberts death, what was the first year that Victoria attended the State opening of Parliment?
A: 1866', '
Q: Who replaced Derby after his resignation?
A: Benjamin Disraeli', '
Q: What year did Pamerston die? 
A: 1865', "
Q: What event did Victoria attend in 1866 for the first time following Albert's death?
A: State Opening of Parliament", '
Q: What Act by Victoria granted the ability to vote to working men, but not women? 
A: Reform Act 1867', '
Q: Who replaced Derby when he resigned in 1868? 
A: Benjamin Disraeli', '
Q: What Liberal replaced Disraeli after only a few short months in office? 
A: William Ewart Gladstone', '
Q: When did Palmerston die?
A: 1865', "
Q: Who was ultimately returned to office after Palmerston's death?
A: Derby", '
Q: When did Derby resign?
A: 1868', "
Q: Who was Derby's replacement?
A: Benjamin Disraeli", '
Q: How long did Disralei last in office?
A: only lasted a matter of months']