romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
The Premier League distributes a portion of its television revenue to clubs that are relegated from the league in the form of "parachute payments". Starting with the 2013–14 season, these payments are in excess of £60 million over four seasons. Though designed to help teams adjust to the loss of television revenues (the average Premier League team receives £55 million while the average Football League Championship club receives £2 million), critics maintain that the payments actually widen the gap between teams that have reached the Premier League and those that have not, leading to the common occurrence of teams "bouncing back" soon after their relegation. For some clubs who have failed to win immediate promotion back to the Premier League, financial problems, including in some cases administration or even liquidation have followed. Further relegations down the footballing ladder have ensued for several clubs unable to cope with the gap.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: If a team is relegated in the Premier League what type of tv payment do they receive?
A: The Premier League distributes a portion of its television revenue to clubs that are relegated from the league in the form of "parachute payments".', '
Q: What do critics have to say about this payment?
A: critics maintain that the payments actually widen the gap between teams that have reached the Premier League and those that have not,', "
Q: What has happened to some of the clubs who weren't able to get back into the Premier League right away?
A: financial problems", '
Q: How much does a Football League club receive on average for their television revenues?
A: the average Football League Championship club receives £2 million', '
Q: How does this compare an average Premier League team?
A: the average Premier League team receives £55 million', '
Q: To which type of team are parachute payments distributed to in the Premier League?
A: relegated', '
Q: Starting in the 2013-14 season, parachute payments are in excess of what amount of revenue?
A: £60 million', '
Q: What is said to widen between clubs who reach the Premier League and those who do not thanks to parachute payments?
A: the gap']
As of the 2015–16 season, Premier League football has been played in 53 stadiums since the formation of the Premier League in 1992. The Hillsborough disaster in 1989 and the subsequent Taylor Report saw a recommendation that standing terraces should be abolished; as a result all stadiums in the Premier League are all-seater. Since the formation of the Premier League, football grounds in England have seen constant improvements to capacity and facilities, with some clubs moving to new-build stadiums. Nine stadiums that have seen Premier League football have now been demolished. The stadiums for the 2010–11 season show a large disparity in capacity: Old Trafford, the home of Manchester United has a capacity of 75,957 with Bloomfield Road, the home of Blackpool, having a capacity of 16,220. The combined total capacity of the Premier League in the 2010–11 season is 770,477 with an average capacity of 38,523.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the result of their recommendation?
A: as a result all stadiums in the Premier League are all-seater', '
Q: What did the Taylor Report recommend at the the Hillsborough disaster in 1989?
A: a recommendation that standing terraces should be abolished', '
Q: How many stadiums have been closed down since Premier League started?
A: Nine stadiums that have seen Premier League football have now been demolished.', '
Q: What was the total seating capacity of stadiums in the Premier League in the 2010-11 season.
A: The combined total capacity of the Premier League in the 2010–11 season is 770,477 with an average capacity of 38,523.', '
Q: In how many stadiums had Premier League been played as of the 2015-16 season?
A: 53', '
Q: What did the Taylor Report recommend to abolish from all stadiums?
A: standing terraces', '
Q: How many stadiums in which the Premier League has been played have been demolished as of 2016?
A: Nine', '
Q: What is the capacity of Bloomfield Road stadium?
A: 16,220', '
Q: What is the combined total capacity of all stadiums in the Premier League as of 2011?
A: 770,477']
Stadium attendances are a significant source of regular income for Premier League clubs. For the 2009–10 season, average attendances across the league clubs were 34,215 for Premier League matches with a total aggregate attendance figure of 13,001,616. This represents an increase of 13,089 from the average attendance of 21,126 recorded in the league's first season (1992–93). However, during the 1992–93 season the capacities of most stadiums were reduced as clubs replaced terraces with seats in order to meet the Taylor Report's 1994–95 deadline for all-seater stadiums. The Premier League's record average attendance of 36,144 was set during the 2007–08 season. This record was then beaten in the 2013–14 season recording an average attendance of 36,695 with a total attendance of just under 14 million, the highest average in England's top flight since 1950.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Are attendance remittances that important to the Premier League?
A: Stadium attendances are a significant source of regular income for Premier League clubs.', "
Q: What was the Premier Leagues standard attendance in the 2007-08 season?
A: The Premier League's record average attendance of 36,144 was set during the 2007–08 season.", "
Q: What was the league's first year attendance average?
A: the average attendance of 21,126 recorded in the league's first season (1992–93).", '
Q: Attendance for the 2013-14 season set a new record of how much?
A: in the 2013–14 season recording an average attendance of 36,695 with a total attendance of just under 14 million,', '
Q: What was the average attendance for all Premier League clubs during the 2009-10 season?
A: 34,215', '
Q: What was the total attendance of all Premier League games during the 2009-10 season?
A: 13,001,616', '
Q: By how many attendees did the average Premier League attendance increase between 1992 and 2009?
A: 13,089', '
Q: For when did the Taylor Report set the deadline for replacing terraces with seats in stadiums?
A: 1994–95', '
Q: During which season did the Premier League set a record average attendance of over 36,000 people?
A: 2007–08']
Managers in the Premier League are involved in the day-to-day running of the team, including the training, team selection, and player acquisition. Their influence varies from club-to-club and is related to the ownership of the club and the relationship of the manager with fans. Managers are required to have a UEFA Pro Licence which is the final coaching qualification available, and follows the completion of the UEFA 'B' and 'A' Licences. The UEFA Pro Licence is required by every person who wishes to manage a club in the Premier League on a permanent basis (i.e. more than 12 weeks – the amount of time an unqualified caretaker manager is allowed to take control). Caretaker appointments are managers that fill the gap between a managerial departure and a new appointment. Several caretaker managers have gone on to secure a permanent managerial post after performing well as a caretaker; examples include Paul Hart at Portsmouth and David Pleat at Tottenham Hotspur.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are some of the every day tasks that a manager of a team has to deal with?
A: Managers in the Premier League are involved in the day-to-day running of the team, including the training, team selection, and player acquisition.', '
Q: What type of licence does a manager need?
A: Managers are required to have a UEFA Pro Licence', '
Q: Is this licence required on a permanent basis?
A: The UEFA Pro Licence is required by every person who wishes to manage a club in the Premier League on a permanent basis', '
Q: Give an example of someone who was a caretaker manager?
A: examples include Paul Hart at Portsmouth and David Pleat at Tottenham Hotspur.', '
Q: What is a caretaker manager?
A: Caretaker appointments are managers that fill the gap between a managerial departure and a new appointment.', '
Q: What license are managers in the Premier League required to hold?
A: UEFA Pro Licence', '
Q: Which licence follows completion of both the UEFA B and A licences?
A: UEFA Pro Licence', '
Q: For how long at most is an unlicenced caretaker manager allowed to control a Premier League team for?
A: 12 weeks', '
Q: Which caretaker manager was later promoted to permanent manager at Portsmouth?
A: Paul Hart', '
Q: Which caretaker manager was later promoted to permanent manager at Tottenham Hotspur?
A: David Pleat']
At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches hailed from outside of the United Kingdom or Ireland. By 2000–01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36 per cent of the total. In the 2004–05 season the figure had increased to 45 per cent. On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up, and on 14 February 2005 Arsenal were the first to name a completely foreign 16-man squad for a match. By 2009, under 40% of the players in the Premier League were English.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which team in 1999 had a line-up for starting that was consisted of all foreign players?
A: On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up,', '
Q: At the beginning of the Premier League how many foreign players were there for the first  round of games?
A: At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches', '
Q: By the 2000-1 season what was the percentage of foreign players?
A: By 2000–01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36 per cent of the total.', '
Q: Which team in 2005 had all-foreign team players?
A: on 14 February 2005 Arsenal were the first to name a completely foreign 16-man squad for a match', '
Q: In 2009, what percent of the players were English in the Premier League?
A: By 2009, under 40% of the players in the Premier League were English.', '
Q: How many of the original Premier League players in the 1992-93 season hailed from outside the UK or Ireland?
A: eleven', '
Q: By 2000-01, what percentage of players in the Premier League were from outside the UK and Ireland?
A: 36', '
Q: By 2004-05, what percentage of players in the Premier League were from outside the UK and Ireland?
A: 45', '
Q: On which date did Chelsea host an entirely foreign starting line-up and therefore become the first team to do so?
A: 26 December 1999', '
Q: On which date did Arsenal name a fully foreign 16-man squad for a match?
A: 14 February 2005']
In response to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over young English players in favour of foreign players, in 1999, the Home Office tightened its rules for granting work permits to players from countries outside of the European Union. A non-EU player applying for the permit must have played for his country in at least 75 per cent of its competitive 'A' team matches for which he was available for selection during the previous two years, and his country must have averaged at least 70th place in the official FIFA world rankings over the previous two years. If a player does not meet those criteria, the club wishing to sign him may appeal.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Why did the Home Office change it rules regardin work permits in 1999?
A: In response to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over young English players in favour of foreign players', "
Q: What was one of their changes?
A: A non-EU player applying for the permit must have played for his country in at least 75 per cent of its competitive 'A' team matches", '
Q: What was another requirement of foreign players?
A: his country must have averaged at least 70th place in the official FIFA world rankings over the previous two years.', '
Q: Could a club appeal a requirement?
A: If a player does not meet those criteria, the club wishing to sign him may appeal.', '
Q: In which year did the Home Office tighten rules on granting work permits to foreign football players?
A: 1999', '
Q: For what percent must a player play of the competitive A team matches for which he was available for selection in the previous two years to get a work permit from the Home OFfice?
A: 75', "
Q: Over the last two years, what rank must a player's team average at least in order for them to receive a work permit from the Home Office?
A: 70th place", "
Q: What can a club do if a player they wish to sign does not meet the Home Office's work permit requirements?
A: appeal"]
Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association. The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January. Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usually on an emergency basis. As of the 2010–11 season, the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man squad of players aged over 21, with the squad list only allowed to be changed in transfer windows or in exceptional circumstances. This was to enable the 'home grown' rule to be enacted, whereby the League would also from 2010 require at least 8 of the named 25 man squad to be made up of 'home-grown players'.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When are the transfer windows?
A: The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January.', '
Q: Can players be transferred under an emergency outside the transfer windows?
A: Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usually on an emergency basis.', '
Q: What new rule was put into practice during the 2010-11 season?
A: As of the 2010–11 season, the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man squad of players aged over 21,', "
Q: Why was this new rule put into effect?
A: This was to enable the 'home grown' rule to be enacted,", '
Q: When can a player be transferred?
A: Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association.', '
Q: During which time can a player be transferred from one European football league to another?
A: transfer windows', '
Q: How many transfer windows are available each year from the Football Association?
A: two', '
Q: On which basis are transfers outside of transfer windows licenced?
A: emergency', '
Q: What is the maximum number of players able to be registered to a Premier League team?
A: 25', '
Q: How many of a 25-member Premier League squad must be from the UK or Ireland?
A: 8']
The record transfer fee for a Premier League player has risen steadily over the lifetime of the competition. Prior to the start of the first Premier League season Alan Shearer became the first British player to command a transfer fee of more than £3 million. The record rose steadily in the Premier League's first few seasons, until Alan Shearer made a record breaking £15 million move to Newcastle United in 1996. The three highest transfer in the sport's history had a Premier League club on the selling end, with Tottenham Hotspur selling Gareth Bale to Real Madrid for £85 million in 2013, Manchester United's sale of Cristiano Ronaldo to Real Madrid for £80 million in 2009, and Liverpool selling Luis Suárez to Barcelona for £75 million in 2014.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Have transfer fees been increasing over the past years?
A: The record transfer fee for a Premier League player has risen steadily over the lifetime of the competition.', '
Q: What was the record breaking transfer fee in 1996?
A: Alan Shearer made a record breaking £15 million move to Newcastle United in 1996.', "
Q: In 2009, what was the transfer fee for Cristiano Ronaldo?
A: Manchester United's sale of Cristiano Ronaldo to Real Madrid for £80 million in 2009,", '
Q: What was the transfer fee for Gareth Bale in 2013.
A: Tottenham Hotspur selling Gareth Bale to Real Madrid for £85 million in 2013,', "
Q: What was Luis Suarez's transfer fee in 2014?
A: Liverpool selling Luis Suárez to Barcelona for £75 million in 2014.", '
Q: Who was the first British player in the Premier League to receive a transfer fee greater than £3 million?
A: Alan Shearer', '
Q: Who was the first British player in the Premier League to receive a transfer fee greater than £15 million?
A: Alan Shearer', '
Q: Who paid £15 million to transfer Alan Shearer to their club?
A: Newcastle United', '
Q: In which year did Newcastle United pay £15 million to transfer Alan Shearer to their club?
A: 1996', '
Q: For how much did Tottenham Hotspur sell Gareth Bale to Real Madrid for in 2013?
A: £85 million']
The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260. Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark. Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title. Thierry Henry won his fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005–06 season. Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively. Ryan Giggs of Manchester United holds the record for scoring goals in consecutive seasons, having scored in the first 21 seasons of the league.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who is the Golden Boot award given to each season?
A: The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season.', '
Q: Who has the record for most goals in the Premier League?
A: Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260', '
Q: How many players have achieved 100 goals?
A: Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark', '
Q: How many different players have won the top scorer title?
A: 14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title.', '
Q: Who has the record for scoring the most goals in single season?
A: Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively.', '
Q: To whom is the Golden Boot award given to?
A: the top Premier League scorer', '
Q: Who holds the record for the most goals in the Premier League?
A: 260', '
Q: How many players have 100 goals or more in the Premier League?
A: Twenty-four', '
Q: How many different players have won or shared the top scorer title in the Premier League?
A: 14', '
Q: Who had scored four overall scoring titles as of the 2006 season?
A: Thierry Henry']
Its main body is solid sterling silver and silver gilt, while its plinth is made of malachite, a semi-precious stone. The plinth has a silver band around its circumference, upon which the names of the title-winning clubs are listed. Malachite's green colour is also representative of the green field of play. The design of the trophy is based on the heraldry of Three Lions that is associated with English football. Two of the lions are found above the handles on either side of the trophy – the third is symbolised by the captain of the title winning team as he raises the trophy, and its gold crown, above his head at the end of the season. The ribbons that drape the handles are presented in the team colours of the league champions that year.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the Premier League Championship trophy based on?
A: The design of the trophy is based on the heraldry of Three Lions that is associated with English football.', '
Q: Where on the trophy can two of the lions be seen?
A: Two of the lions are found above the handles on either side of the trophy', '
Q: Where can the third lion be seen?
A: the third is symbolised by the captain of the title winning team as he raises the trophy, and its gold crown, above his head at the end of the season', '
Q: What do the ribbons on the trophy mean?
A: The ribbons that drape the handles are presented in the team colours of the league champions that year.', '
Q: The Golden Boot is made of sterling silver, silver gilt and which semi-precious stone?
A: malachite', '
Q: On what type of metal band are the title-winning clubs listed on the Golden Boot?
A: silver', '
Q: What does the green colour of Malachite on the Golden Boot represent?
A: the green field of play', '
Q: How many lions are found on the Golden Boot?
A: Two', '
Q: Who symbolizes the third lion not found on the Golden Boot trophy?
A: the captain of the title winning team']
The Roman Republic (Latin: Res publica Romana; Classical Latin: [ˈreːs ˈpuːb.lɪ.ka roːˈmaː.na]) was the period of ancient Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. It was during this period that Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world. During the first two centuries of its existence, the Roman Republic expanded through a combination of conquest and alliance, from central Italy to the entire Italian peninsula. By the following century, it included North Africa, Spain, and what is now southern France. Two centuries after that, towards the end of the 1st century BC, it included the rest of modern France, Greece, and much of the eastern Mediterranean. By this time, internal tensions led to a series of civil wars, culminating with the assassination of Julius Caesar, which led to the transition from republic to empire. The exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. Historians have variously proposed Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River in 49 BC, Caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 BC, and the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. However, most use the same date as did the ancient Romans themselves, the Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian and his adopting the title Augustus in 27 BC, as the defining event ending the Republic.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did the Roman Republic begin?
A: 509 BC', '
Q: When did the Roman Republic end?
A: 27 BC', '
Q: What marked the beginning of the Roman Republic?
A: the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom', '
Q: When was Cleopatra defeated at the Battle of Actium?
A: 31 BC', "
Q: What do most consider to be the event that ended the Roman Republic?
A: Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian"]
Roman government was headed by two consuls, elected annually by the citizens and advised by a senate composed of appointed magistrates. As Roman society was very hierarchical by modern standards, the evolution of the Roman government was heavily influenced by the struggle between the patricians, Rome's land-holding aristocracy, who traced their ancestry to the founding of Rome, and the plebeians, the far more numerous citizen-commoners. Over time, the laws that gave patricians exclusive rights to Rome's highest offices were repealed or weakened, and leading plebeian families became full members of the aristocracy. The leaders of the Republic developed a strong tradition and morality requiring public service and patronage in peace and war, making military and political success inextricably linked. Many of Rome's legal and legislative structures (later codified into the Justinian Code, and again into the Napoleonic Code) can still be observed throughout Europe and much of the world in modern nation states and international organizations.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who elected consuls in the Roman government?
A: citizens', '
Q: Who eventually became full members of the aristocracy?
A: leading plebeian families', "
Q: What were Rome's legislative structures eventually turned into?
A: the Justinian Code", '
Q: What was the senate that advised consuls in the Roman government comprised of?
A: appointed magistrates', '
Q: What went hand and hand with military success?
A: political success']