romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Many middle and small powers in Europe, unlike in the previous wars, tried to steer clear away from the escalating conflict, even though they had interests in the conflict or with the belligerents, like Denmark-Norway. The Dutch Republic, long-time British ally, kept its neutrality intact, fearing the odds against Britain and Prussia fighting the great powers of Europe, even tried to prevent Britain's domination in India. Naples, Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party, declined to join the coalition under the fear of British power. The taxation needed for war caused the Russian people considerable hardship, being added to the taxation of salt and alcohol begun by Empress Elizabeth in 1759 to complete her addition to the Winter Palace. Like Sweden, Russia concluded a separate peace with Prussia.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: With whom did the Dutch Republic align?
A: The Dutch Republic, long-time British ally, kept its neutrality intact', '
Q: Which side of the coalitions did Naples, Sicily and Savoy join?
A: Naples, Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party, declined to join the coalition under the fear of British power', '
Q: How did the war impact the Russian population?
A: The taxation needed for war caused the Russian people considerable hardship', '
Q: What items had already been taxed by Russian Empress Elizabeth?
A: being added to the taxation of salt and alcohol begun by Empress Elizabeth in 1759', '
Q: What two countries concluded a separate peace with Prussia?
A: Like Sweden, Russia concluded a separate peace with Prussia.', '
Q: Why did Denmark-Norway remain neutral rather than assisting its longtime ally, Britain?
A: The Dutch Republic, long-time British ally, kept its neutrality intact, fearing the odds against Britain and Prussia fighting the great powers of Europe', '
Q: Who would Sicily and Savoy normally align with?
A: Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party', '
Q: What did Russian Empress Elizabeth use the proceeds of the tax on salt and alcohol for?
A: the taxation of salt and alcohol begun by Empress Elizabeth in 1759 to complete her addition to the Winter Palace.', '
Q: Why did Naples remain neutral?
A: Naples, Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party, declined to join the coalition under the fear of British power']
The war was successful for Great Britain, which gained the bulk of New France in North America, Spanish Florida, some individual Caribbean islands in the West Indies, the colony of Senegal on the West African coast, and superiority over the French trading outposts on the Indian subcontinent. The Native American tribes were excluded from the settlement; a subsequent conflict, known as Pontiac's War, was also unsuccessful in returning them to their pre-war status. In Europe, the war began disastrously for Prussia, but a combination of good luck and successful strategy saw King Frederick the Great manage to retrieve the Prussian position and retain the status quo ante bellum. Prussia emerged as a new European great power. Although Austria failed to retrieve the territory of Silesia from Prussia (its original goal) its military prowess was also noted by the other powers. The involvement of Portugal, Spain and Sweden did not return them to their former status as great powers. France was deprived of many of its colonies and had saddled itself with heavy war debts that its inefficient financial system could barely handle. Spain lost Florida but gained French Louisiana and regained control of its colonies, e.g., Cuba and the Philippines, which had been captured by the British during the war. France and other European powers avenged their defeat in 1778 when the American Revolutionary War broke out, with hopes of destroying Britain's dominance once and for all.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did Britain gain in North America from the war?
A: Great Britain, which gained the bulk of New France in North America, Spanish Florida', '
Q: What did Great Britain gain in the West Indies from the war?
A: some individual Caribbean islands in the West Indies,', '
Q: What did Great Britain gain in Africa from the war?
A: the colony of Senegal on the West African coast', "
Q: What happened to the scope of France's colonies as a result of the war?
A: France was deprived of many of its colonies", '
Q: How did the war impact France financially?
A: had saddled itself with heavy war debts that its inefficient financial system could barely handle']
The war has been described as the first "world war", although this label was also given to various earlier conflicts like the Eighty Years' War, the Thirty Years' War, the War of the Spanish Succession and the War of the Austrian Succession, and to later conflicts like the Napoleonic Wars. The term "Second Hundred Years' War" has been used in order to describe the almost continuous level of world-wide conflict during the entire 18th century, reminiscent of the more famous and compact struggle of the 14th century.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the grandest label that historians have used to describe the  Seven Years\' War?
A: The war has been described as the first "world war"', '
Q: What does the term "Second Hundred Years\' War" describe?
A: The term "Second Hundred Years\' War" has been used in order to describe the almost continuous level of world-wide conflict during the entire 18th century,', '
Q: What is the precedent for the "Second Hundred Year\'s War?
A: reminiscent of the more famous and compact struggle of the 14th century', '
Q: What was a later conflict that some considered the first World War?
A: to later conflicts like the Napoleonic Wars']
Realizing that war was imminent, Prussia preemptively struck Saxony and quickly overran it. The result caused uproar across Europe. Because of Prussia's alliance with Britain, Austria formed an alliance with France, seeing an opportunity to recapture Silesia, which had been lost in a previous war. Reluctantly, by following the imperial diet, most of the states of the empire joined Austria's cause. The Anglo-Prussian alliance was joined by smaller German states (especially Hanover). Sweden, fearing Prussia's expansionist tendencies, went to war in 1757 to protect its Baltic dominions, seeing its chance when virtually all of Europe opposed Prussia. Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion of Portugal in 1762. The Russian Empire was originally aligned with Austria, fearing Prussia's ambition on the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, but switched sides upon the succession of Tsar Peter III in 1762.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What was Sweden's motivation to join the war?
A: Sweden, fearing Prussia's expansionist tendencies, went to war in 1757 to protect its Baltic dominions,", '
Q: What country did Spain invade?
A: Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion of Portugal', '
Q: When did Spain invade?
A: Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion of Portugal in 1762', '
Q: What region did Austria hope to recapture?
A: Austria formed an alliance with France, seeing an opportunity to recapture Silesia, which had been lost in a previous war', '
Q: What was the result of the invasion by Spain?
A: Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion']
The war was successful for Great Britain, which gained the bulk of New France in North America, Spanish Florida, some individual Caribbean islands in the West Indies, the colony of Senegal on the West African coast, and superiority over the French trading outposts on the Indian subcontinent. The Native American tribes were excluded from the settlement; a subsequent conflict, known as Pontiac's War, was also unsuccessful in returning them to their pre-war status. In Europe, the war began disastrously for Prussia, but a combination of good luck and successful strategy saw King Frederick the Great manage to retrieve the Prussian position and retain the status quo ante bellum. Prussia emerged as a new European great power. The involvement of Portugal, Spain and Sweden did not return them to their former status as great powers. France was deprived of many of its colonies and had saddled itself with heavy war debts that its inefficient financial system could barely handle. Spain lost Florida but gained French Louisiana and regained control of its colonies, e.g., Cuba and the Philippines, which had been captured by the British during the war. France and other European powers will soon avenge their defeat in 1778 when American Revolutionary War broke out, with hopes of destroying Britain's dominance once and for all.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did Great Britain gain with respect to the French trading outposts on the subcontinent of India?
A: superiority over the French trading outposts', '
Q: What was the result for the Native American tribes?
A: The Native American tribes were excluded from the settlement', "
Q: What did the Native American tribes accomplish in the later Pontiac's War?
A: ; a subsequent conflict, known as Pontiac's War, was also unsuccessful in returning them to their pre-war status.", '
Q: What were two factors that redeemed the outcome for the Prussians?
A: good luck and successful strategy', '
Q: Who was the leader of Prussia?
A: King Frederick the Great']
The War of the Austrian Succession had seen the belligerents aligned on a time-honoured basis. France’s traditional enemies, Great Britain and Austria, had coalesced just as they had done against Louis XIV. Prussia, the leading anti-Austrian state in Germany, had been supported by France. Neither group, however, found much reason to be satisfied with its partnership: British subsidies to Austria had produced nothing of much help to the British, while the British military effort had not saved Silesia for Austria. Prussia, having secured Silesia, had come to terms with Austria in disregard of French interests. Even so, France had concluded a defensive alliance with Prussia in 1747, and the maintenance of the Anglo-Austrian alignment after 1748 was deemed essential by the Duke of Newcastle, British secretary of state in the ministry of his brother Henry Pelham. The collapse of that system and the aligning of France with Austria and of Great Britain with Prussia constituted what is known as the “diplomatic revolution” or the “reversal of alliances.”

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was the traditional partner with Great Britain at the beginning of the conflict?
A: Great Britain and Austria, had coalesced', '
Q: What was gained or lost by Austria?
A: British military effort had not saved Silesia for Austria', '
Q: What was the major gain by Great Britain by having Austria as it ally?
A: British subsidies to Austria had produced nothing of much help to the British', '
Q: What alliances were formed in the "diplomatic reversal"?
A: The collapse of that system and the aligning of France with Austria and of Great Britain with Prussia constituted what is known as the “diplomatic revolution”', '
Q: Did the loss of Silesia by Austria intensify its battle with Prussia?
A: . Prussia, having secured Silesia, had come to terms with Austria']
In 1756 Austria was making military preparations for war with Prussia and pursuing an alliance with Russia for this purpose. On June 2, 1746, Austria and Russia concluded a defensive alliance that covered their own territory and Poland against attack by Prussia or the Ottoman Empire. They also agreed to a secret clause that promised the restoration of Silesia and the countship of Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) to Austria in the event of hostilities with Prussia. Their real desire, however, was to destroy Frederick’s power altogether, reducing his sway to his electorate of Brandenburg and giving East Prussia to Poland, an exchange that would be accompanied by the cession of the Polish Duchy of Courland to Russia. Aleksey Petrovich, Graf (count) Bestuzhev-Ryumin, grand chancellor of Russia under Empress Elizabeth, was hostile to both France and Prussia, but he could not persuade Austrian statesman Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz to commit to offensive designs against Prussia so long as Prussia was able to rely on French support.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What Russian-Austrian agreement preceded the Seven Years War that started in 1755-56?
A: June 2, 1746, Austria and Russia concluded a defensive alliance that covered their own territory and Poland against attack by Prussia or the Ottoman Empire', '
Q: According to the Russian-Austrian pact of 1746, what would happen to Silesia in the event of hostilities with Prussia?
A: They also agreed to a secret clause that promised the restoration of Silesia and the countship of Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) to Austria', '
Q: What other area was mentioned regarding Prussian dominion in the Russian-Austrian pact?
A: the countship of Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) to Austria', '
Q: What individual was the main target of the pact?
A: Their real desire, however, was to destroy Frederick’s power altogether', "
Q: Why couldn't Petrovich persuade Austria to invade Prussia?
A: he could not persuade Austrian statesman Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz to commit to offensive designs against Prussia"]
The Hanoverian king George II of Great Britain was passionately devoted to his family’s continental holdings, but his commitments in Germany were counterbalanced by the demands of the British colonies overseas. If war against France for colonial expansion was to be resumed, then Hanover had to be secured against Franco-Prussian attack. France was very much interested in colonial expansion and was willing to exploit the vulnerability of Hanover in war against Great Britain, but it had no desire to divert forces to central Europe for Prussia's interest.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the house of king George II?
A: Hanover', '
Q: Name two diverse geographies that king George II had to protect.
A: his commitments in Germany were counterbalanced by the demands of the British colonies overseas', "
Q: How anxious was France to assist Prussia to take over Hanover?
A: it had no desire to divert forces to central Europe for Prussia's interest.", '
Q: Why would France want to invade Hanover?
A: France was very much interested in colonial expansion and was willing to exploit the vulnerability of Hanover in war against Great Britain', "
Q: What was Britain's obligation to Hanover if colonial expansion via war with France was to be resumed?
A: Hanover had to be secured against Franco-Prussian attack"]
French policy was, moreover, complicated by the existence of the le Secret du roi—a system of private diplomacy conducted by King Louis XV. Unbeknownst to his foreign minister, Louis had established a network of agents throughout Europe with the goal of pursuing personal political objectives that were often at odds with France’s publicly stated policies. Louis’s goals for le Secret du roi included an attempt to win the Polish crown for his kinsman Louis François de Bourbon, prince de Conti, and the maintenance of Poland, Sweden, and Turkey as French client states in opposition to Russian and Austrian interests.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the objective of le Secret du roi?
A: goal of pursuing personal political objectives that were often at odds with France’s publicly stated policies', '
Q: Who did King Louis XV want on the Polish throne?
A: his kinsman Louis François de Bourbon, prince de Conti,', "
Q: What was King Louis XV's secret ambition for Sweden and Turkey?
A: Sweden, and Turkey as French client states in opposition to Russian and Austrian interests", '
Q: What French official was kept in the dark about le Secret du roi?
A: Unbeknownst to his foreign minister,', '
Q: What countries did King Louis XV want keep in his sphere of influence to thwart the interests of Russia?
A: Poland, Sweden, and Turkey as French client states in opposition to Russian']
Frederick saw Saxony and Polish west Prussia as potential fields for expansion but could not expect French support if he started an aggressive war for them. If he joined the French against the British in the hope of annexing Hanover, he might fall victim to an Austro-Russian attack. The hereditary elector of Saxony, Augustus III, was also elective King of Poland as Augustus III, but the two territories were physically separated by Brandenburg and Silesia. Neither state could pose as a great power. Saxony was merely a buffer between Prussia and Austrian Bohemia, whereas Poland, despite its union with the ancient lands of Lithuania, was prey to pro-French and pro-Russian factions. A Prussian scheme for compensating Frederick Augustus with Bohemia in exchange for Saxony obviously presupposed further spoliation of Austria.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What two geographies did Frederick want for Prussia?
A: Saxony and Polish west Prussia', '
Q: What country would refuse support if Frederick wen to war for Saxony and west Prussia?
A: could not expect French support', '
Q: What was his concern about trying take Hanover from the British?
A: he might fall victim to an Austro-Russian attack', '
Q: What kept Augustus III from consolidating Saxony and Poland?
A: the two territories were physically separated by Brandenburg and Silesia', "
Q: Who was Poland's ancient ally?
A: Poland, despite its union with the ancient lands of Lithuania,"]
In the attempt to satisfy Austria at the time, Britain gave their electoral vote in Hanover for the candidacy of Maria Theresa's son, Joseph, as the Holy Roman Emperor, much to the dismay of Frederick and Prussia. Not only that, Britain would soon join the Austro-Russian alliance, but complications arose. Britain's basic framework for the alliance itself was to protect Hanover's interests against France. While at the same time, Kaunitz kept approaching the French in the hope of establishing such alliance with Austria. Not only that, France had no intention to ally with Russia, who meddled with their affairs in Austria's succession war, years earlier, and saw the complete dismemberment of Prussia as unacceptable to the stability of Central Europe.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What country was pleased that Britain used its Hanover vote to elect Joseph as Te Holy Roman Emperor?
A: Austria', '
Q: What country and person were displeased that Britain used it Hanover vote to elect Joseph as the Holy Roman Emporer?
A: Frederick and Prussia', '
Q: What was the French view about the dismemberment of Prussia?
A: saw the complete dismemberment of Prussia as unacceptable to the stability of Central Europe.', "
Q: What was a major objective of Britain in joining the Austro-Russian alliance?
A: to protect Hanover's interests against France.", "
Q: What was Kaunitz's objective with the French?
A: Kaunitz kept approaching the French in the hope of establishing such alliance with Austria"]
Years later, Kaunitz kept trying to establish France's alliance with Austria. He tried as hard as he could for Austria to not get entangled in Hanover's political affairs, and was even willing to trade Austrian Netherlands for France's aid in recapturing Silesia. Frustrated by this decision and by the Dutch Republic's insistence on neutrality, Britain soon turned to Russia. On September 30, 1755, Britain pledged financial aid to Russia in order to station 50,000 troops on the Livonian-Lithunian border, so they could defend Britain's interests in Hanover immediately. Besthuzev, assuming the preparation was directed against Prussia, was more than happy to obey the request of the British. Unbeknownst to the other powers, King George II also made overtures to the Prussian king; Frederick, who began fearing the Austro-Russian intentions, and was excited to welcome a rapprochement with Britain. On January 16, 1756, the Convention of Westminster was signed wherein Britain and Prussia promised to aid one another in order to achieve lasting peace and stability in Europe.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What was Kaunitz of Austria willing to trade for French help in capturing Silesia?
A: willing to trade Austrian Netherlands for France's aid", "
Q: What did Russia use Britain's money for?
A: to station 50,000 troops on the Livonian-Lithunian border, so they could defend Britain's interests in Hanover", '
Q: What countries teamed together at the Convention of Westminster?
A: Britain and Prussia', '
Q: When was the Convention of Westminster signed?
A: January 16, 1756', '
Q: Why was Beshuzev happy to put the troops on the Livonian-Lithunian border?
A: Besthuzev, assuming the preparation was directed against Prussia,']
The carefully coded word in the agreement proved no less catalytic for the other European powers. The results were absolute chaos. Empress Elizabeth of Russia was outraged at the duplicity of Britain's position. Not only that France was so enraged, and terrified, by the sudden betrayal of its only ally. Austria, particularly Kaunitz, used this situation to their utmost advantage. The now-isolated France was forced to accede to the Austro-Russian alliance or face ruin. Thereafter, on May 1, 1756, the First Treaty of Versailles was signed, in which both nations pledged 24.000 troops to defend each other in the case of an attack. This diplomatic revolution proved to be an important cause of the war; although both treaties were self-defensive in nature, the actions of both coalitions made the war virtually inevitable.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the response of Empress Elizabeth of Russia to the English-Prussian agreement?
A: Empress Elizabeth of Russia was outraged', '
Q: Why was France mad at the British-Prussian agreement?
A: France was so enraged, and terrified, by the sudden betrayal of its only ally. Austria,', '
Q: France was now in a desperate position, what did they do?
A: France was forced to accede to the Austro-Russian alliance', '
Q: Who were the parties to the treaty of Versailles?
A: Austria, particularly Kaunitz, used this situation to their utmost advantage. The now-isolated France', '
Q: How many troops did Austria and France pledge to defend each other?
A: 24.000 troops']
The most important French fort planned was intended to occupy a position at "the Forks" where the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers meet to form the Ohio River (present day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). Peaceful British attempts to halt this fort construction were unsuccessful, and the French proceeded to build the fort they named Fort Duquesne. British colonial militia from Virginia were then sent to drive them out. Led by George Washington, they ambushed a small French force at Jumonville Glen on 28 May 1754 killing ten, including commander Jumonville. The French retaliated by attacking Washington's army at Fort Necessity on 3 July 1754 and forced Washington to surrender.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where did the French build Fort Duquesne?
A: the Forks" where the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers meet to form the Ohio River', '
Q: What city is now located where Fort Duquesne was built?
A: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania', '
Q: Were the British successful in stopping the building of Fort Duquesne?
A: British attempts to halt this fort construction were unsuccessful', '
Q: Who led the British militia to drive the French out of Fort Duquesne?
A: Led by George Washington', "
Q: Where did the French for General George Washington's surrender?
A: Fort Necessity"]