romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
According to the 2011 Census, 81.0% of the Portuguese population are Roman Catholic. The country has small Protestant, Latter-day Saint, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i, Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist communities. Influences from African Traditional Religion and Chinese Traditional Religion are also felt among many people, particularly in fields related with Traditional Chinese Medicine and African Witch Doctors. Some 6.8% of the population declared themselves to be non-religious, and 8.3% did not give any answer about their religion.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What percentage of the Portuguese people are Roman Catholic?
A: 81.0%', "
Q: What other religious communities exist in Portugal?
A: Protestant, Latter-day Saint, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i, Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist", '
Q: What percentage of the Portuguese people identify as non-religious?
A: 6.8%', '
Q: What percentage of the Portuguese population did not give an answer for their religion in the 2011 census?
A: 8.3%']
Many Portuguese holidays, festivals and traditions have a Christian origin or connotation. Although relations between the Portuguese state and the Roman Catholic Church were generally amiable and stable since the earliest years of the Portuguese nation, their relative power fluctuated. In the 13th and 14th centuries, the church enjoyed both riches and power stemming from its role in the reconquest, its close identification with early Portuguese nationalism and the foundation of the Portuguese educational system, including the first university. The growth of the Portuguese overseas empire made its missionaries important agents of colonization, with important roles in the education and evangelization of people from all the inhabited continents. The growth of liberal and nascent republican movements during the eras leading to the formation of the First Portuguese Republic (1910–26) changed the role and importance of organized religion.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what religion do many Portuguese holidays and festivals find their origin?
A: Christian', '
Q: In what centuries did the Roman Catholic Church play a role in the reconquest?
A: 13th and 14th', '
Q: What changed the role and importance of organized religion in Portugal?
A: formation of the First Portuguese Republic', '
Q: During what years did the formation of the First Portuguese Republic take place?
A: 1910–26']
Within the white inescutcheon, the five quinas (small blue shields) with their five white bezants representing the five wounds of Christ (Portuguese: Cinco Chagas) when crucified and are popularly associated with the "Miracle of Ourique". The story associated with this miracle tells that before the Battle of Ourique (25 July 1139), an old hermit appeared before Count Afonso Henriques (future Afonso I) as a divine messenger. He foretold Afonso's victory and assured him that God was watching over him and his peers. The messenger advised him to walk away from his camp, alone, if he heard a nearby chapel bell tolling, in the following night. In doing so, he witnessed an apparition of Jesus on the cross. Ecstatic, Afonso heard Jesus promising victories for the coming battles, as well as God's wish to act through Afonso, and his descendants, in order to create an empire which would carry His name to unknown lands, thus choosing the Portuguese to perform great tasks.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: On what date did the Battle of Ourique take place?
A: 25 July 1139', "
Q: Afonso heard Jesus promising what?
A: victories for the coming battles, as well as God's wish to act through Afonso", '
Q: Why did God want to act through Afonso?
A: in order to create an empire which would carry His name to unknown lands']
Portuguese is the official language of Portugal. Portuguese is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia and Northern Portugal, originating from Galician-Portuguese, which was the common language of the Galician and Portuguese people until the independence of Portugal. Particularly in the North of Portugal, there are still many similarities between the Galician culture and the Portuguese culture. Galicia is a consultative observer of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. According to the Ethnologue of Languages, Portuguese and Spanish have a lexical similarity of 89% - educated speakers of each language can communicate easily with one another.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the official name of Portugal?
A: Portuguese', '
Q: What type of language is Portuguese?
A: Romance', '
Q: Where did Portuguese originate?
A: Galicia and Northern Portugal', '
Q: What was the common name of the Galician and Portuguese people?
A: Galician-Portuguese']
The Portuguese language is derived from the Latin spoken by the romanized Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula around 2000 years ago—particularly the Celts, Tartessians, Lusitanians and Iberians. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the language spread worldwide as Portugal established a colonial and commercial empire between 1415 and 1999. Portuguese is now spoken as a native language in five different continents, with Brazil accounting for the largest number of native Portuguese speakers of any country (200 million speakers in 2012).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: From what language is Portuguese derived?
A: Latin', '
Q: By what group of people is Portuguese derived?
A: Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula', '
Q: Between what years did Portugal establish a colonial and commercial empire?
A: 1415 and 1999', '
Q: In how many continents is Portuguese spoken as a native language?
A: five', '
Q: What country has the largest number of native Portuguese speakers?
A: Brazil']
The total adult literacy rate is 99 percent. Portuguese primary school enrollments are close to 100 percent. According to the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2009, the average Portuguese 15-year-old student, when rated in terms of reading literacy, mathematics and science knowledge, is placed at the same level as those students from the United States, Sweden, Germany, Ireland, France, Denmark, United Kingdom, Hungary and Taipei, with 489 points (493 is the average). Over 35% of college-age citizens (20 years old) attend one of the country's higher education institutions (compared with 50% in the United States and 35% in the OECD countries). In addition to being a destination for international students, Portugal is also among the top places of origin for international students. All higher education students, both domestic and international, totaled 380,937 in 2005.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the adult literacy rate in Portugal?
A: 99 percent', '
Q: Portuguese primary school enrollment is close to what percent?
A: 100 percent', '
Q: What percentage of college-age citizens attend a higher education institution in Portugal?
A: Over 35%', '
Q: What percentage of college-age citizens attend a higher education institution in the United States?
A: 50%']
Portuguese universities have existed since 1290. The oldest Portuguese university was first established in Lisbon before moving to Coimbra. Historically, within the scope of the Portuguese Empire, the Portuguese founded the oldest engineering school of the Americas (the Real Academia de Artilharia, Fortificação e Desenho of Rio de Janeiro) in 1792, as well as the oldest medical college in Asia (the Escola Médico-Cirúrgica of Goa) in 1842. The largest university in Portugal is the University of Lisbon.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Since when have Portuguese universities existed?
A: 1290', '
Q: Where was the oldest Portuguese university established?
A: Lisbon', '
Q: Where did the oldest Portuguese university relocate to?
A: Coimbra', '
Q: What is the oldest engineering school of the Americas?
A: the Real Academia de Artilharia, Fortificação e Desenho of Rio de Janeiro', '
Q: What is the oldest medical college in Asia?
A: the Escola Médico-Cirúrgica of Goa']
The Bologna process has been adopted, since 2006, by Portuguese universities and poly-technical institutes. Higher education in state-run educational establishments is provided on a competitive basis, a system of numerus clausus is enforced through a national database on student admissions. However, every higher education institution offers also a number of additional vacant places through other extraordinary admission processes for sportsmen, mature applicants (over 23 years old), international students, foreign students from the Lusosphere, degree owners from other institutions, students from other institutions (academic transfer), former students (readmission), and course change, which are subject to specific standards and regulations set by each institution or course department. Most student costs are supported with public money. However, with the increasing tuition fees a student has to pay to attend a Portuguese state-run higher education institution and the attraction of new types of students (many as part-time students or in evening classes) like employees, businessmen, parents, and pensioners, many departments make a substantial profit from every additional student enrolled in courses, with benefits for the college or university's gross tuition revenue and without loss of educational quality (teacher per student, computer per student, classroom size per student, etc.).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was the Bologna process adopted?
A: 2006', '
Q: What are most higher education student costs supported with?
A: public money', '
Q: Over what age are higher education applicants considered mature?
A: over 23 years old']
The Ministry of Health is responsible for developing health policy as well as managing the SNS. Five regional health administrations are in charge of implementing the national health policy objectives, developing guidelines and protocols and supervising health care delivery. Decentralization efforts have aimed at shifting financial and management responsibility to the regional level. In practice, however, the autonomy of regional health administrations over budget setting and spending has been limited to primary care.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the Ministry of Health responsible for?
A: developing health policy as well as managing the SNS', '
Q: How many regional health administrations exist in Portugal?
A: Five', '
Q: What are the regional health administrations in charge of?
A: implementing the national health policy objectives, developing guidelines and protocols and supervising health care delivery']
Similar to the other Eur-A countries, most Portuguese die from noncommunicable diseases. Mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is higher than in the eurozone, but its two main components, ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, display inverse trends compared with the Eur-A, with cerebrovascular disease being the single biggest killer in Portugal (17%). Portuguese people die 12% less often from cancer than in the Eur-A, but mortality is not declining as rapidly as in the Eur-A. Cancer is more frequent among children as well as among women younger than 44 years. Although lung cancer (slowly increasing among women) and breast cancer (decreasing rapidly) are scarcer, cancer of the cervix and the prostate are more frequent. Portugal has the highest mortality rate for diabetes in the Eur-A, with a sharp increase since the 1980s.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What do most Portuguese people die from?
A: noncommunicable diseases', '
Q: What are the two main components of cardiovascular disease?
A: ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease', '
Q: What is the biggest killer in Portugal?
A: cerebrovascular disease', '
Q: What percentage of Portuguese people die less often from cancer than in the Eur-A?
A: 12%', '
Q: Who is cancer more common among in Portugal?
A: children as well as among women younger than 44 years']
People are usually well informed about their health status, the positive and negative effects of their behaviour on their health and their use of health care services. Yet their perceptions of their health can differ from what administrative and examination-based data show about levels of illness within populations. Thus, survey results based on self-reporting at the household level complement other data on health status and the use of services. Only one third of adults rated their health as good or very good in Portugal (Kasmel et al., 2004). This is the lowest of the Eur-A countries reporting and reflects the relatively adverse situation of the country in terms of mortality and selected morbidity.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What survey results complement on data on health status?
A: self-reporting at the household level', '
Q: What number of Portuguese adults rated their health as good or very good?
A: one third']
Portugal has developed a specific culture while being influenced by various civilizations that have crossed the Mediterranean and the European continent, or were introduced when it played an active role during the Age of Discovery. In the 1990s and 2000s (decade), Portugal modernized its public cultural facilities, in addition to the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established in 1956 in Lisbon. These include the Belém Cultural Centre in Lisbon, Serralves Foundation and the Casa da Música, both in Porto, as well as new public cultural facilities like municipal libraries and concert halls that were built or renovated in many municipalities across the country. Portugal is home to fifteen UNESCO World Heritage Sites, ranking it 8th in Europe and 17th in the world.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Portugal modernized its public cultural facilities during what two decades?
A: 1990s and 2000s', '
Q: In what year was the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established?
A: 1956', '
Q: Where was the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation established?
A: Lisbon', "
Q: What are some examples of Portugal's public cultural facilities?
A: Belém Cultural Centre in Lisbon, Serralves Foundation and the Casa da Música", '
Q: How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites is Portugal home to?
A: fifteen']
Traditional architecture is distinctive and include the Manueline, also known as Portuguese late Gothic, a sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century. A 20th-century interpretation of traditional architecture, Soft Portuguese style, appears extensively in major cities, especially Lisbon. Modern Portugal has given the world renowned architects like Eduardo Souto de Moura, Álvaro Siza Vieira (both Pritzker Prize winners) and Gonçalo Byrne. In Portugal Tomás Taveira is also noteworthy, particularly for stadium design.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the Manueline style also known as?
A: Portuguese late Gothic', '
Q: What is the Manueline style?
A: a sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century', '
Q: What is Soft Portuguese style?
A: A 20th-century interpretation of traditional architecture', '
Q: Who are some of the most renowned architects to come from Portugal?
A: Eduardo Souto de Moura, Álvaro Siza Vieira (both Pritzker Prize winners) and Gonçalo Byrne', '
Q: For what is Tomas Taveira particularly noteworthy for in Portugal?
A: stadium design']
Portuguese cinema has a long tradition, reaching back to the birth of the medium in the late 19th century. Portuguese film directors such as Arthur Duarte, António Lopes Ribeiro, António Reis, Pedro Costa, Manoel de Oliveira, João César Monteiro, António-Pedro Vasconcelos, Fernando Lopes, João Botelho and Leonel Vieira, are among those that gained notability. Noted Portuguese film actors include Joaquim de Almeida, Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medeiros, Diogo Infante, Soraia Chaves, Ribeirinho, Lúcia Moniz, and Diogo Morgado.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In which period was cinema born?
A: late 19th century', '
Q: Who are some examples of Portuguese film directors?
A: Arthur Duarte, António Lopes Ribeiro, António Reis, Pedro Costa, Manoel de Oliveira, João César Monteiro, António-Pedro Vasconcelos, Fernando Lopes', '
Q: Who are some noted Portuguese actors?
A: Joaquim de Almeida, Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medeiros, Diogo Infante, Soraia Chaves, Ribeirinho, Lúcia Moniz, and Diogo Morgado', '
Q: In which period was cinema born?
A: late 19th century', '
Q: Who are some examples of Portuguese film directors?
A: Arthur Duarte, António Lopes Ribeiro, António Reis, Pedro Costa, Manoel de Oliveira, João César Monteiro, António-Pedro Vasconcelos, Fernando Lopes', '
Q: Who are some noted Portuguese actors?
A: Joaquim de Almeida, Daniela Ruah, Maria de Medeiros, Diogo Infante, Soraia Chaves, Ribeirinho, Lúcia Moniz, and Diogo Morgado']
Adventurer and poet Luís de Camões (c. 1524–1580) wrote the epic poem "Os Lusíadas" (The Lusiads), with Virgil's Aeneid as his main influence. Modern Portuguese poetry is rooted in neoclassic and contemporary styles, as exemplified by Fernando Pessoa (1888–1935). Modern Portuguese literature is represented by authors such as Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, António Lobo Antunes and Miguel Torga. Particularly popular and distinguished is José Saramago, recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was Luís de Camões?
A: Adventurer and poet', '
Q: What epic poem did Luís de Camões write?
A: "Os Lusíadas" (The Lusiads)', "
Q: What was Luís de Camões main influence?
A: Virgil's Aeneid", '
Q: What styles are modern Portuguese poetry rooted in?
A: neoclassic and contemporary styles', '
Q: Who are some modern Portuguese authors?
A: Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, António Lobo Antunes and Miguel Torga']
Portuguese cuisine is diverse. The Portuguese consume a lot of dry cod (bacalhau in Portuguese), for which there are hundreds of recipes. There are more than enough bacalhau dishes for each day of the year. Two other popular fish recipes are grilled sardines and caldeirada, a potato-based stew that can be made from several types of fish. Typical Portuguese meat recipes, that may be made out of beef, pork, lamb, or chicken, include cozido à portuguesa, feijoada, frango de churrasco, leitão (roast suckling pig) and carne de porco à alentejana. A very popular northern dish is the arroz de sarrabulho (rice stewed in pigs blood) or the arroz de cabidela (rice and chickens meat stewed in chickens blood).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is dry cod known as in Portuguese?
A: bacalhau', '
Q: Other than bacalhau, what are two other popular fish recipes in Portugal?
A: grilled sardines and caldeirada', '
Q: What is caldeirada?
A: a potato-based stew that can be made from several types of fish', '
Q: What meats are often used in Portuguese recipes?
A: beef, pork, lamb, or chicken', '
Q: What are two popular Northern Portugal dishes?
A: arroz de sarrabulho (rice stewed in pigs blood) or the arroz de cabidela (rice and chickens meat stewed in chickens blood)']
Typical fast food dishes include the Francesinha (Frenchie) from Porto, and bifanas (grilled pork) or prego (grilled beef) sandwiches, which are well known around the country. The Portuguese art of pastry has its origins in the many medieval Catholic monasteries spread widely across the country. These monasteries, using very few ingredients (mostly almonds, flour, eggs and some liquor), managed to create a spectacular wide range of different pastries, of which pastéis de Belém (or pastéis de nata) originally from Lisbon, and ovos moles from Aveiro are examples. Portuguese cuisine is very diverse, with different regions having their own traditional dishes. The Portuguese have a culture of good food, and throughout the country there are myriads of good restaurants and typical small tasquinhas.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are three examples of fast food dishes in Portugal?
A: Francesinha (Frenchie) from Porto, and bifanas (grilled pork) or prego (grilled beef) sandwiches', '
Q: Where does the Portuguese art of pastry have its origins?
A: in the many medieval Catholic monasteries spread widely across the country', '
Q: What are the main ingredients used to make pastries in the monasteries?
A: almonds, flour, eggs and some liquor', '
Q: What are two examples of Portuguese pastries?
A: pastéis de Belém (or pastéis de nata) originally from Lisbon, and ovos moles from Aveiro']
Portuguese wines have enjoyed international recognition since the times of the Romans, who associated Portugal with their god Bacchus. Today, the country is known by wine lovers and its wines have won several international prizes. Some of the best Portuguese wines are: Vinho Verde, Vinho Alvarinho, Vinho do Douro, Vinho do Alentejo, Vinho do Dão, Vinho da Bairrada and the sweet: Port Wine, Madeira Wine, the Moscatel from Setúbal and Favaios. Port and Madeira are particularly appreciated in a wide range of places around the world.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Since when have Portuguese wines garnished international recognition?
A: since the times of the Romans', '
Q: With which Roman God was Portugal associated with?
A: Bacchus', '
Q: What are some of the best Portuguese wines?
A: Vinho Verde, Vinho Alvarinho, Vinho do Douro, Vinho do Alentejo, Vinho do Dão, Vinho da Bairrada and the sweet: Port Wine, Madeira Wine', '
Q: Which two Portuguese wines are especially enjoyed around the world?
A: Port and Madeira']
Portugal has several summer music festivals, such as Festival Sudoeste in Zambujeira do Mar, Festival de Paredes de Coura in Paredes de Coura, Festival Vilar de Mouros near Caminha, Boom Festival in Idanha-a-Nova Municipality, Optimus Alive!, Sumol Summer Fest in Ericeira, Rock in Rio Lisboa and Super Bock Super Rock in Greater Lisbon. Out of the summer season, Portugal has a large number of festivals, designed more to an urban audience, like Flowfest or Hip Hop Porto. Furthermore, one of the largest international Goa trance festivals takes place in central Portugal every two years, the Boom Festival, that is also the only festival in Portugal to win international awards: European Festival Award 2010 – Green'n'Clean Festival of the Year and the Greener Festival Award Outstanding 2008 and 2010. There is also the student festivals of Queima das Fitas are major events in a number of cities across Portugal. In 2005, Portugal held the MTV Europe Music Awards, in Pavilhão Atlântico, Lisbon.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are a couple examples of Summer music festivals held in Portugal?
A: Festival Sudoeste in Zambujeira do Mar, Festival de Paredes de Coura in Paredes de Coura, Festival Vilar de Mouros near Caminha,', '
Q: What are a couple examples of non-Summer music festivals in Portugal?
A: Flowfest or Hip Hop Porto', '
Q: What is the Boom Festival?
A: one of the largest international Goa trance festivals takes place in central Portugal every two years', "
Q: What international awards have been won by the Boom Festival?
A: European Festival Award 2010 – Green'n'Clean Festival of the Year and the Greener Festival Award Outstanding 2008 and 2010", '
Q: In which year did Portugal hold the MTV Europe Music Awards?
A: 2005']