romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Reviews of the various editions of Windows 8 have been mixed. Tom Warren of The Verge said that although Windows 8's emphasis on touch computing was significant and risked alienating desktop users, a "tablet PC with Windows 8 makes an iPad feel immediately out of date" due to the capabilities of the operating system's hybrid model and increased focus on cloud services. David Pierce of The Verge described Windows 8 as "the first desktop operating system that understands what a computer is supposed to do in 2012" and praised Microsoft's "no compromise" approach and the operating system's emphasis on Internet connectivity and cloud services. Pierce also considered the Start Screen to be a "brilliant innovation for desktop computers" when compared with "folder-littered desktops on every other OS" because it allows users to interact with dynamic information. In contrast, an ExtremeTech article said it was Microsoft "flailing" and a review in PC Magazine condemned the Metro-style user interface. Some of the included apps in Windows 8 were considered to be basic and lacking in functionality, but the Xbox apps were praised for their promotion of a multi-platform entertainment experience. Other improvements and features (such as File History, Storage Spaces, and the updated Task Manager) were also regarded as positive changes. Peter Bright of Ars Technica wrote that while its user interface changes may overshadow them, Windows 8's improved performance, updated file manager, new storage functionality, expanded security features, and updated Task Manager were still positive improvements for the operating system. Bright also said that Windows 8's duality towards tablets and traditional PCs was an "extremely ambitious" aspect of the platform as well, but criticized Microsoft for emulating Apple's model of a closed distribution platform when implementing the Windows Store.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who equated windos 8 as the first desktop operating system that understand what a computer is supposed to do?
A: David Pierce', '
Q: Why did Pierce give the Start Screen such glowing reviews?
A: because it allows users to interact with dynamic information', '
Q: Which improvements were most well regarded?
A: File History, Storage Spaces, and the updated Task Manager', '
Q: Who else uses a closed distribution platform?
A: Apple']
The interface of Windows 8 has been the subject of mixed reaction. Bright wrote that its system of hot corners and edge swiping "wasn't very obvious" due to the lack of instructions provided by the operating system on the functions accessed through the user interface, even by the video tutorial added on the RTM release (which only instructed users to point at corners of the screen or swipe from its sides). Despite this "stumbling block", Bright said that Windows 8's interface worked well in some places, but began to feel incoherent when switching between the "Metro" and desktop environments, sometimes through inconsistent means. Tom Warren of The Verge wrote that the new interface was "as stunning as it is surprising", contributing to an "incredibly personal" experience once it is customized by the user, but had a steep learning curve, and was awkward to use with a keyboard and mouse. He noted that while forcing all users to use the new touch-oriented interface was a risky move for Microsoft as a whole, it was necessary in order to push development of apps for the Windows Store. Others, such as Adrian Kingsley-Hughes from ZDNet, considered the interface to be "clumsy and impractical" due to its inconsistent design (going as far as considering it "two operating systems unceremoniously bolted together"), and concluded that "Windows 8 wasn't born out of a need or demand; it was born out of a desire on Microsoft's part to exert its will on the PC industry and decide to shape it in a direction—touch and tablets -- that allows it to compete against, and remain relevant in the face of Apple's iPad."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What makes the Windows 8 interface difficult to use?
A: the lack of instructions provided by the operating system on the functions accessed through the user interface', '
Q: Who said the Windows 8 interface was clumsy and impractical?
A: Adrian Kingsley-Hughes', '
Q: What kind of feedback has Windows 8 received?
A: mixed']
However, according to research firm NPD, sales of devices running Windows in the United States have declined 21 percent compared to the same time period in 2011. As the holiday shopping season wrapped up, Windows 8 sales continued to lag, even as Apple reported brisk sales. The market research firm IDC reported an overall drop in PC sales for the quarter, and said the drop may have been partly due to consumer reluctance to embrace the new features of the OS and poor support from OEM for these features. This capped the first year of declining PC sales to the Asia Pacific region, as consumers bought more mobile devices than Windows PCs.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is IDC?
A: market research firm', '
Q: What is the decline in PC sales attributed to?
A: consumers bought more mobile devices', '
Q: How much of a decrease in sales have Windows devices experienced?
A: 21 percent', '
Q: While Windows sales went down, which company experienced an increase in sales?
A: Apple']
Windows 8 surpassed Windows Vista in market share with a 5.1% usage rate according to numbers posted in July 2013 by Net Applications, with usage on a steady upward trajectory. However, intake of Windows 8 still lags behind that of Windows Vista and Windows 7 at the same point in their release cycles. Windows 8's tablet market share has also been growing steadily, with 7.4% of tablets running Windows in Q1 2013 according to Strategy Analytics, up from nothing just a year before. However, this is still well below Android and iOS, which posted 43.4% and 48.2% market share respectively, although both operating systems have been on the market much longer than Windows 8. Strategy Analytics also noted "a shortage of top tier apps" for Windows tablets despite Microsoft strategy of paying developers to create apps for the operating system (in addition to for Windows Phone).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What percent of tablets were running Windows in Q1 2013/
A: 7.4', '
Q: What was Androids market share in 2013?
A: 43.4%', '
Q: What was teh iOS market share in 2013?
A: 48.2%', '
Q: What does Strategy Analytics say Windows tablets are lacking?
A: top tier apps', '
Q: When did Windows 8 surpass Windows Vistas market share?
A: July 2013']
In March 2013, Microsoft also amended its certification requirements to allow tablets to use the 1024×768 resolution as a minimum; this change is expected to allow the production of certified Windows 8 tablets in smaller form factors—a market which is currently dominated by Android-based tablets. Despite the reaction of industry experts, Microsoft reported that they had sold 100 million licenses in the first six months. This matched sales of Windows 7 over a similar period. This statistic includes shipments to channel warehouses which now need to be sold in order to make way for new shipments.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What changes did Microsoft make to its certification requirements in March 2013?
A: amended its certification requirements to allow tablets to use the 1024×768 resolution as a minimum', '
Q: Why did Microsoft change the tablet resolution minimum? 
A: to allow the production of certified Windows 8 tablets in smaller form factors', '
Q: How many licenses did Microsoft sell in the first six months?
A: 100 million', '
Q: What controlled the small form tablet market at this time?
A: Android-based tablets']
In February 2014, Bloomberg reported that Microsoft would be lowering the price of Windows 8 licenses by 70% for devices that retail under US$250; alongside the announcement that an update to the operating system would allow OEMs to produce devices with as little as 1 GB of RAM and 16 GB of storage, critics felt that these changes would help Windows compete against Linux-based devices in the low-end market, particularly those running Chrome OS. Microsoft had similarly cut the price of Windows XP licenses to compete against the early waves of Linux-based netbooks. Reports also indicated that Microsoft was planning to offer cheaper Windows 8 licenses to OEMs in exchange for setting Internet Explorer's default search engine to Bing. Some media outlets falsely reported that the SKU associated with this plan, "Windows 8.1 with Bing", was a variant which would be a free or low-cost version of Windows 8 for consumers using older versions of Windows. On April 2, 2014, Microsoft ultimately announced that it would be removing license fees entirely for devices with screens smaller than 9 inches, and officially confirmed the rumored "Windows 8.1 with Bing" OEM SKU on May 23, 2014.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did Microsoft make the existence of Windows 8.1 with Bing OEM SKU official?
A: May 23, 2014', '
Q: When did Microsoft remove license fees on device screens less than 9 inches?
A: April 2, 2014', '
Q: When did Windows 8 decrease the price of Windows 8 for devices that cost less than $250?
A: February 2014', "
Q: What was the benefit of Windows 8.1 with Bing?
A: cheaper Windows 8 licenses to OEMs in exchange for setting Internet Explorer's default search engine to Bing"]
In May 2014, the Government of China banned the internal purchase of Windows 8-based products under government contracts requiring "energy-efficient" devices. The Xinhua News Agency claimed that Windows 8 was being banned in protest of Microsoft's support lifecycle policy and the end of support for Windows XP (which, as of January 2014, had a market share of 49% in China), as the government "obviously cannot ignore the risks of running OS [sic] without guaranteed technical support." However, Ni Guangnan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences had also previously warned that Windows 8 could allegedly expose users to surveillance by the United States government due to its heavy use of internet-based services.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did the Chinese government ban the purchase of Windows 8 products?
A: May 2014', "
Q: Why did the Chinese government ban Windows 8 based products?
A: in protest of Microsoft's support lifecycle policy and the end of support for Windows XP", '
Q: What market share did Windows XP have in Chine?
A: 49%', '
Q: Who claimed that the Windows 8 would allow the US Government to spy on its users?
A: Ni Guangnan']
In June 2014, state broadcaster China Central Television (CCTV) broadcast a news story further characterizing Windows 8 as a threat to national security. The story featured an interview with Ni Guangnan, who stated that operating systems could aggregate "sensitive user information" that could be used to "understand the conditions and activities of our national economy and society", and alleged that per documents leaked by Edward Snowden, the U.S. government had worked with Microsoft to retrieve encrypted information. Yang Min, a computer scientist at Fudan University, also stated that "the security features of Windows 8 are basically to the benefit of Microsoft, allowing them control of the users' data, and that poses a big challenge to the national strategy for information security." Microsoft denied the claims in a number of posts on the Chinese social network Sina Weibo, which stated that the company had never "assisted any government in an attack of another government or clients" or provided client data to the U.S. government, never "provided any government the authority to directly visit" or placed any backdoors in its products and services, and that it had never concealed government requests for client data.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What does CCTV stand for?
A: China Central Television', '
Q: What is the name of the Chinese social network?
A: Sina Weibo', '
Q: Who claimed that the Window 8 OS could gather sensitive user information?
A: Ni Guangnan', '
Q: Where did Yang Min practice as a computer scientiest?
A: Fudan University']
An upgrade to Windows 8 known as Windows 8.1 was officially announced by Microsoft on May 14, 2013. Following a presentation devoted to the upgrade at Build 2013, a public beta version of the upgrade was released on June 26, 2013. Windows 8.1 was released to OEM hardware partners on August 27, 2013, and released publicly as a free download through Windows Store on October 17, 2013. Volume license customers and subscribers to MSDN Plus and TechNet Plus were initially unable to obtain the RTM version upon its release; a spokesperson said the policy was changed to allow Microsoft to work with OEMs "to ensure a quality experience at general availability." However, after criticism, Microsoft reversed its decision and released the RTM build on MSDN and TechNet on September 9, 2013.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was Windows 8.1 introduced?
A: May 14, 2013', '
Q: When did Microsoft release the beta version of Windows 8.1?
A: June 26, 2013', '
Q: When did MSDN and TechNet users gain access to Windows 8.1?
A: September 9, 2013']
The upgrade addressed a number of criticisms faced by Windows 8 upon its release, with additional customization options for the Start screen, the restoration of a visible Start button on the desktop, the ability to snap up to four apps on a single display, and the ability to boot to the desktop instead of the Start screen. Windows 8's stock apps were also updated, a new Bing-based unified search system was added, SkyDrive was given deeper integration with the operating system, and a number of new stock apps, along with a tutorial, were added. Windows 8.1 also added support for 3D printing, Miracast media streaming, NFC printing, and Wi-Fi Direct.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What search engine was added in Windows 8.1?
A: Bing-based unified search system', '
Q: How did the Windows 8.1 upgrade enhance desktop startup?
A: ability to boot to the desktop instead of the Start screen', '
Q: What main feature was added back to the desktop?
A: a visible Start button', '
Q: How many apps did the WIndows 8.1 update allow to be snapped onto a signular display?
A: up to four']
At no more than 200 kilometres (120 mi) north to south and 130 kilometres (81 mi) east to west, Swaziland is one of the smallest countries in Africa. Despite its size, however, its climate and topography is diverse, ranging from a cool and mountainous highveld to a hot and dry lowveld. The population is primarily ethnic Swazis whose language is siSwati. They established their kingdom in the mid-18th century under the leadership of Ngwane III; the present boundaries were drawn up in 1881. After the Anglo-Boer War, Swaziland was a British protectorate from 1903 until 1967. It regained its independence on 6 September 1968.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How wide is Swaziland in miles??
A: 81 mi', '
Q: What is the primary language spoken by the people in Swaziland?
A: siSwati', '
Q: In terms of size where does Swaziland rank within Africa in terms of country size?
A: one of the smallest', '
Q: When did the ethnic Swazis establish a kingdom?
A: mid-18th century', '
Q: Who was the leader of the 18th century Swazi kingdom?
A: Ngwane III']
Swaziland is a developing country with a small economy. Its GDP per capita of $9,714 means it is classified as a country with a lower-middle income. As a member of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), its main local trading partner is South Africa. Swaziland's currency, the lilangeni, is pegged to the South African rand. Swaziland's major overseas trading partners are the United States and the European Union. The majority of the country's employment is provided by its agricultural and manufacturing sectors. Swaziland is a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union, the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the per capita GDP of Swaziland?
A: $9,714', '
Q: What is the SACU?
A: Southern African Customs Union', "
Q: What is the lilangeni?
A: Swaziland's currency", '
Q: What does the acronym COMESA represent?
A: Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa', '
Q: What form of currency is the lilangeni fixed to?
A: South African rand']
Swaziland derives its name from a later king named Mswati II. KaNgwane, named for Ngwane III, is an alternative name for Swaziland the surname of whose royal house remains Nkhosi Dlamini. Nkhosi literally means "king". Mswati II was the greatest of the fighting kings of Swaziland, and he greatly extended the area of the country to twice its current size. The Emakhandzambili clans were initially incorporated into the kingdom with wide autonomy, often including grants of special ritual and political status. The extent of their autonomy however was drastically curtailed by Mswati, who attacked and subdued some of them in the 1850s.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the literal translation of Nkhosi?
A: king', '
Q: What did Mswati II do to the land controlled by Swaziland during his reign?
A: greatly extended the area of the country', '
Q: In terms of the most successful Swaziland kings in battle, who was the best?
A: Mswati II', '
Q: What groups did Mswati attack in the mid 19th century?
A: Emakhandzambili clans', '
Q: Where does the name Swaziland originate?
A: Mswati II. KaNgwane']
In 1903, after British victory in the Anglo-Boer war, Swaziland became a British protectorate. Much of its early administration (for example, postal services) being carried out from South Africa until 1906 when the Transvaal colony was granted self-government. Following this, Swaziland was partitioned into European and non-European (or native reserves) areas with the former being two-thirds of the total land. Sobhuza's official coronation was in December 1921 after the regency of Labotsibeni after which he led an unsuccessful deputation to the Privy council in London in 1922 regarding the issue of the land.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year did the British take Swaziland on as a protectorate? 
A: 1903', '
Q: What 1903 conflict involving the British caused Swaziland to become a protectorate?
A: Anglo-Boer war', '
Q: In what year was Swaziland given self governance? 
A: 1906', '
Q: How much of Swaziland did the European area contain after the portioning?
A: two-thirds of the total land', '
Q: When was Sobhuza coronated?
A: December 1921']
The constitution for independent Swaziland was promulgated by Britain in November 1963 under the terms of which legislative and executive councils were established. This development was opposed by the Swazi National Council (liqoqo). Despite such opposition, elections took place and the first Legislative Council of Swaziland was constituted on 9 September 1964. Changes to the original constitution proposed by the Legislative Council were accepted by Britain and a new constitution providing for a House of Assembly and Senate was drawn up. Elections under this constitution were held in 1967.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did the Swaziland constitution come to be?
A: November 1963', '
Q: What is another way to refer to the Swazi National Council?
A: liqoqo', '
Q: When was the Legislative Council of Swaziland first created?
A: 9 September 1964', '
Q: When did elections that provided for a House of Assembly for Swaziland occur?
A: 1967']
Following the elections of 1973, the constitution of Swaziland was suspended by King Sobhuza II who thereafter ruled the country by decree until his death in 1982. At this point Sobhuza II had ruled Swaziland for 61 years, making him the longest ruling monarch in history. A regency followed his death, with Queen Regent Dzeliwe Shongwe being head of state until 1984 when she was removed by Liqoqo and replaced by Queen Mother Ntfombi Tfwala. Mswati III, the son of Ntfombi, was crowned king on 25 April 1986 as King and Ingwenyama of Swaziland.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year was the constitution of Swaziland suspended?
A: 1973', '
Q: Who ruled Swaziland in the late 1970s?
A: King Sobhuza II', '
Q: When did King Sobhuza II die?
A: 1982', '
Q: Who was the head of state of Swaziland after King Sobhuza II
A: Queen Regent Dzeliwe Shongwe', '
Q: Which monarch of Swaziland was crownd in April 1986?
A: Mswati III']
The king appoints the prime minister from the legislature and also appoints a minority of legislators to both chambers of the Libandla (parliament) with help from an advisory council. The king is allowed by the constitution to appoint some members to parliament for special interests. These special interests are citizens who might have been left out by the electorate during the course of elections or did not enter as candidates. This is done to balance views in parliament. Special interests could be people of gender, race, disability, the business community, civic society, scholars, chiefs and so on.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who appoints the prime minister of Swaziland?
A: The king', '
Q: What is the parliament of Swaziland known as?
A: the Libandla', '
Q: What part of the Swaziland parliament is appointed by the King?
A: a minority', '
Q: Why is the king allowed to appoint members of parliament?
A: to balance views in parliament']
The Swazi bicameral Parliament or Libandla consists of the Senate (30 seats; 10 members appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch; to serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (65 seats; 10 members appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by popular vote; to serve five-year terms). The elections are held every five years after dissolution of parliament by the king. The last elections were held on 20 September 2013. The balloting is done on a non-party basis in all categories. All election procedures are overseen by the elections and boundaries commission.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many seats are in the Senate of Swaziland?
A: 30 seats', '
Q: How many members are there in the Swazi House of Assembly?
A: 65', '
Q: When were the most recent elections in Swaziland?
A: 20 September 2013', '
Q: How many members of the Swazi House of Assembly are chosen by the king?
A: 10', '
Q: Which group looks over elections in Swaziland?
A: the elections and boundaries commission']
In 2005, the constitution was put into effect. There is still much debate in the country about the constitutional reforms. From the early seventies, there was active resistance to the royal hegemony. Despite complaints from progressive formations, support for the monarchy and the current political system remains strong among the majority of the population.[citation needed] Submissions were made by citizens around the country to commissions, including the constitutional draft committee, indicating that they would prefer to maintain the current situation.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did people begin to disputre royal hegenomy in Swaziland?
A: the early seventies', '
Q: What portion of Swaziland is said to support the monarchy of Swaziland?
A: the majority', '
Q: What entity took submissions about whether or not Swazi citizens wanted to change support of the monarchy?
A: the constitutional draft committee']
Nominations take place at the chiefdoms. On the day of nomination, the name of the nominee is raised by a show of hand and the nominee is given an opportunity to indicate whether he or she accepts the nomination. If he or she accepts it, he or she must be supported by at least ten members of that chiefdom. The nominations are for the position of Member of Parliament, Constituency Headman (Indvuna) and the Constituency Executive Committee (Bucopho). The minimum number of nominees is four and the maximum is ten.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How does a nominee for parliament in Swaziland get decided?
A: a show of hand', '
Q: What is the minimum number of members that must support a nominee to parliament in Swaziland?
A: at least ten', '
Q: What is an Indvuna as it relates to the Parliament of Swaziland?
A: Constituency Headman', '
Q: In the Swazi Parliament, what is the Bucopho? 
A: Constituency Executive Committee', '
Q: What is the minimum amount of nominees taken on the day of nomination in the Swazi Parliament?
A: four']