romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
In English, the country is popularly known as either "Burma" or "Myanmar" i/ˈmjɑːnˌmɑːr/. Both these names are derived from the name of the majority Burmese Bamar ethnic group. Myanmar is considered to be the literary form of the name of the group, while Burma is derived from "Bamar", the colloquial form of the group's name. Depending on the register used, the pronunciation would be Bama (pronounced: [bəmà]) or Myamah (pronounced: [mjəmà]). The name Burma has been in use in English since the 18th century.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where did the name Burma originate from ?
A: names are derived from the name of the majority Burmese Bamar ethnic group', '
Q: What is the considered to be the name in slang terms for the people of Myanmar?
A: Burma is derived from "Bamar", the colloquial form of the group\'s name', '
Q: How is the slang term for the people of Burma articulated correctly ?
A: Depending on the register used, the pronunciation would be Bama (pronounced: [bəmà])', '
Q: When did the term for the people of Burma become a common place word in English?
A: The name Burma has been in use in English since the 18th century.']
Burma continues to be used in English by the governments of many countries, such as Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. Official United States policy retains Burma as the country's name, although the State Department's website lists the country as "Burma (Myanmar)" and Barack Obama has referred to the country by both names. The Czech Republic uses officially Myanmar, although its Ministry of Foreign Affairs mentions both Myanmar and Burma on its website. The United Nations uses Myanmar, as do the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Russia, Germany, China, India, Norway, and Japan.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: By which name is the country called by most English speaking countries?
A: Burma continues to be used in English by the governments of many countries, such as Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom', '
Q: How is Burma officially identified in the United States 
A: Burma (Myanmar)', '
Q: What is the country called in sessions of the United Nations?
A: United Nations uses Myanmar', '
Q: What does the current president of the United States call the country in official settings?
A: Burma (Myanmar)" and Barack Obama has referred to the country by both names']
Archaeological evidence shows that Homo erectus lived in the region now known as Myanmar as early as 400,000 years ago. The first evidence of Homo sapiens is dated to about 11,000 BC, in a Stone Age culture called the Anyathian with discoveries of stone tools in central Myanmar. Evidence of neolithic age domestication of plants and animals and the use of polished stone tools dating to sometime between 10,000 and 6,000 BC has been discovered in the form of cave paintings near the city of Taunggyi.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What extinct species of hominid that lived throughout most of the Pleistocene geological period is believed to have dwelled in Myanmar?
A: Homo erectus', '
Q: When was the extinct species believed to have lived in Myanmar?
A: 400,000 years ago', '
Q: What is the name of the civilization that is believed to be one of the oldest. 
A: Anyathian', '
Q: Did any other ancient cultures also leave behind evidence of existence in Myanmar?
A: neolithic age domestication of plants and animals and the use of polished stone tools dating to sometime between 10,000 and 6,000 BC has been discovered', '
Q: What form was the evidence of ancient cultures discovered in ?
A: discovered in the form of cave paintings']
The Bronze Age arrived circa 1500 BC when people in the region were turning copper into bronze, growing rice and domesticating poultry and pigs; they were among the first people in the world to do so. Human remains and artifacts from this era were discovered in Monywa District in the Sagaing Division. The Iron Age began around 500 BC with the emergence of iron-working settlements in an area south of present-day Mandalay. Evidence also shows the presence of rice-growing settlements of large villages and small towns that traded with their surroundings as far as China between 500 BC and 200 AD. Iron Age Burmese cultures also had influences from outside sources such as India and Thailand, as seen in their funerary practices concerning child burials. This indicates some form of communication between groups in Myanmar and other places, possibly through trade.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: By what name is the era in the 3rd millennium around 1500 BC known?
A: The Bronze Age', '
Q: What events of significance to human development occurred during the Bronze Age ?
A: people in the region were turning copper into bronze, growing rice', '
Q: What event evolving animals are the Myanmar also accredited with being the first to accomplish?
A: domesticating poultry and pigs', '
Q: When did the Age of Iron begin?
A: The Iron Age began around 500 BC', '
Q: What events punctuate the beginning of the Iron Age?
A: with the emergence of iron-working settlements in an area south of present-day Mandalay']
Around the second century BC the first-known city-states emerged in central Myanmar. The city-states were founded as part of the southward migration by the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states, the earliest inhabitants of Myanmar of whom records are extant, from present-day Yunnan. The Pyu culture was heavily influenced by trade with India, importing Buddhism as well as other cultural, architectural and political concepts which would have an enduring influence on later Burmese culture and political organisation.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What period was the first known city states established in Myanmar?
A: Around the second century BC', '
Q: From what people have were the first records known to be existent derived from? 
A: from present-day Yunnan', '
Q: Were any of the early civilizations influenced by each other and if so by what how did it occur?
A: The Pyu culture was heavily influenced by trade with India', '
Q: What Myanmar import from other countries that has been of major importance?
A: Buddhism as well as other cultural, architectural and political concepts']
Pagan's collapse was followed by 250 years of political fragmentation that lasted well into the 16th century. Like the Burmans four centuries earlier, Shan migrants who arrived with the Mongol invasions stayed behind. Several competing Shan States came to dominate the entire northwestern to eastern arc surrounding the Irrawaddy valley. The valley too was beset with petty states until the late 14th century when two sizeable powers, Ava Kingdom and Hanthawaddy Kingdom, emerged. In the west, a politically fragmented Arakan was under competing influences of its stronger neighbours until the Kingdom of Mrauk U unified the Arakan coastline for the first time in 1437.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the name of the kingdom that became dominant along the coastline of Myanmar? 
A: Kingdom of Mrauk U', "
Q: How long did it take for Myanmar to recover from the collapse of it's first kingdom ?
A: 250 years", '
Q: Did the Mongol invasions of Burma leave any lasting signs?
A: Shan migrants who arrived with the Mongol invasions stayed behind', '
Q: Who was involved merger of the smaller states into the two largest factions of Myanmar ?
A: Ava Kingdom and Hanthawaddy Kingdom']
Like the Pagan Empire, Ava, Hanthawaddy and the Shan states were all multi-ethnic polities. Despite the wars, cultural synchronisation continued. This period is considered a golden age for Burmese culture. Burmese literature "grew more confident, popular, and stylistically diverse", and the second generation of Burmese law codes as well as the earliest pan-Burma chronicles emerged. Hanthawaddy monarchs introduced religious reforms that later spread to the rest of the country. Many splendid temples of Mrauk U were built during this period.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Was there more than one racial class in the organized societies of the states of Myanmar?
A: states were all multi-ethnic polities', '
Q: During what age did the culture of Myanmar grow?
A: This period is considered a golden age', '
Q: Who increased the spread of religious reforms in Myanmar?
A: Hanthawaddy monarchs', '
Q: Who is the monarch that has some of the most impressive built in their honor in the Myanmar
A: Mrauk U']
Political unification returned in the mid-16th century, due to the efforts of Taungoo, a former vassal state of Ava. Taungoo's young, ambitious king Tabinshwehti defeated the more powerful Hanthawaddy in the Toungoo–Hanthawaddy War (1534–41). His successor Bayinnaung went on to conquer a vast swath of mainland Southeast Asia including the Shan states, Lan Na, Manipur, Mong Mao, the Ayutthaya Kingdom, Lan Xang and southern Arakan. However, the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia unravelled soon after Bayinnaung's death in 1581, completely collapsing by 1599. Ayutthaya seized Tenasserim and Lan Na, and Portuguese mercenaries established Portuguese rule at Thanlyin (Syriam).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Before attempting to obtain political unification, what title did Taungoo,hold ? 
A: a former vassal state of Ava.', '
Q: Who was the ruling monarchy when Taungoo, was vassal?
A: king Tabinshwehti', '
Q: Who was the ruler of the largest kingdom in Southeast Asia ?
A: Bayinnaung', '
Q: In what year did the dynasty of Bayinnaung fully collapse ?
A: 1599', '
Q: Have any other countries ever established a foot hole in Burma?
A: Portuguese mercenaries established Portuguese rule at Thanlyin (Syriam)']
The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How were the Portuguese expelled from Myanmar?
A: The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese', '
Q: Did the country have lasting monarchs?
A: Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century', '
Q: Did the original chieftains maintain power political power?
A: The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley', '
Q: In what year was one of the original Myanmar kingdoms restored?
A: In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom']
With Burma preoccupied by the Chinese threat, Ayutthaya recovered its territories by 1770, and went on to capture Lan Na by 1776. Burma and Siam went to war until 1855, but all resulted in a stalemate, exchanging Tenasserim (to Burma) and Lan Na (to Ayutthaya). Faced with a powerful China and a resurgent Ayutthaya in the east, King Bodawpaya turned west, acquiring Arakan (1785), Manipur (1814) and Assam (1817). It was the second-largest empire in Burmese history but also one with a long ill-defined border with British India.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the event called that caused  Ayutthaya  to reclaim lost territories ?
A: the Chinese threat', '
Q: In what year did  Ayutthaya capture Lan Na  ?
A: 1776.', '
Q: What country was Burma at war with with until 1855 ?
A: Arakan', '
Q: Who managed to eventually control the territory of Arakan 
A: King Bodawpaya']
Konbaung kings extended Restored Toungoo's administrative reforms, and achieved unprecedented levels of internal control and external expansion. For the first time in history, the Burmese language and culture came to predominate the entire Irrawaddy valley. The evolution and growth of Burmese literature and theatre continued, aided by an extremely high adult male literacy rate for the era (half of all males and 5% of females). Nonetheless, the extent and pace of reforms were uneven and ultimately proved insufficient to stem the advance of British colonialism.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What language eventually came to power in the Irrawaddy valley ?
A: Burmese language', '
Q: What was the literacy rate for the Burmese people during the big period of artistic growth?
A: half of all males and 5% of females', '
Q: Did changes move along at a uniform pace for the Burmese people?
A: pace of reforms were uneven and ultimately proved insufficient', '
Q: What country was Burma a colony of ?
A: British', "
Q: What are the kings of the Konbaung monarchy famed for in their rule?
A: Konbaung kings extended Restored Toungoo's administrative reforms, and achieved unprecedented levels of internal control and external expansion"]
Burmese resentment was strong and was vented in violent riots that paralysed Yangon (Rangoon) on occasion all the way until the 1930s. Some of the discontent was caused by a disrespect for Burmese culture and traditions such as the British refusal to remove shoes when they entered pagodas. Buddhist monks became the vanguards of the independence movement. U Wisara, an activist monk, died in prison after a 166-day hunger strike to protest against a rule that forbade him from wearing his Buddhist robes while imprisoned.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: have the Burmese people ever shown any reservations about the ruling government bodies?
A: Burmese resentment was strong and was vented in violent riots that paralysed Yangon (Rangoon) on occasion all the way until the 1930s.', '
Q: What were some of problems experienced with the colonialism of Burma by the British?
A: Some of the discontent was caused by a disrespect for Burmese culture and traditions', '
Q: How long was U Wisara on a strike were he refused subsistence ?
A: 166-day hunger strike', '
Q: Was U Wisara able to survive  the protest?
A: died in prison after a 166-day hunger strike', '
Q: Why was U Wisara involved in a resistance movement of such extremes ?
A: to protest against a rule that forbade him from wearing his Buddhist robes while imprisoned.']
A major battleground, Burma was devastated during World War II. By March 1942, within months after they entered the war, Japanese troops had advanced on Rangoon and the British administration had collapsed. A Burmese Executive Administration headed by Ba Maw was established by the Japanese in August 1942. Wingate's British Chindits were formed into long-range penetration groups trained to operate deep behind Japanese lines. A similar American unit, Merrill's Marauders, followed the Chindits into the Burmese jungle in 1943. Beginning in late 1944, allied troops launched a series of offensives that led to the end of Japanese rule in July 1945. The battles were intense with much of Burma laid waste by the fighting. Overall, the Japanese lost some 150,000 men in Burma. Only 1,700 prisoners were taken.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Was Burma effected by the world wars?
A: Burma was devastated during World War II', '
Q: Did the British protect Burma as its colony during WWII?
A: the British administration had collapsed', "
Q: Where groups from Burma an advantage to the Allies during WWII?
A: British Chindits were formed into long-range penetration groups trained to operate deep behind Japanese lines. A similar American unit, Merrill's Marauders", '
Q: How many soldiers were lost by the Japanese in Burma during WWII ?
A: the Japanese lost some 150,000 men in Burma', '
Q: When did the temporary Japanese rule end in Burma?
A: the end of Japanese rule in July 1945']
Following World War II, Aung San negotiated the Panglong Agreement with ethnic leaders that guaranteed the independence of Myanmar as a unified state. Aung Zan Wai, Pe Khin, Bo Hmu Aung, Sir Maung Gyi, Dr. Sein Mya Maung, Myoma U Than Kywe were among the negotiators of the historical Panglong Conference negotiated with Bamar leader General Aung San and other ethnic leaders in 1947. In 1947, Aung San became Deputy Chairman of the Executive Council of Myanmar, a transitional government. But in July 1947, political rivals assassinated Aung San and several cabinet members.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who negotiated the agreement that Burma would be free from forgien rule ?
A: Aung San', "
Q: What is the name of the agreement that guarantee Burma's freedom from foreign rule ?
A: the Panglong Agreement", '
Q: What leaders were present during the negotiations made for freedom of the Burmese people?
A: Aung Zan Wai, Pe Khin, Bo Hmu Aung, Sir Maung Gyi, Dr. Sein Mya Maung, Myoma U Than Kywe', '
Q: What position did Aung San hold in the Burmese government?
A: Deputy Chairman of the Executive Council of Myanmar', '
Q: When did and how did Aung San pass away ?
A: July 1947, political rivals assassinated Aung San']
In 1988, unrest over economic mismanagement and political oppression by the government led to widespread pro-democracy demonstrations throughout the country known as the 8888 Uprising. Security forces killed thousands of demonstrators, and General Saw Maung staged a coup d'état and formed the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC). In 1989, SLORC declared martial law after widespread protests. The military government finalised plans for People's Assembly elections on 31 May 1989. SLORC changed the country's official English name from the "Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma" to the "Union of Myanmar" in 1989.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are the 1988 demonstrations in Burma called?
A: 8888 Uprising', '
Q: Who lead the government coup in 1988 ?
A: General Saw Maung', '
Q: Why was marshal law declared in Burma in 1989?
A: declared martial law after widespread protests.', '
Q: What was the official name of Burma changed to by the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC)
A: Union of Myanmar', "
Q: Have elections been held in Burma since the military coup in 1988 ?
A: The military government finalised plans for People's Assembly elections on 31 May 1989"]
In August 2007, an increase in the price of diesel and petrol led to Saffron Revolution led by Buddhist monks that were dealt with harshly by the government. The government cracked down on them on 26 September 2007. The crackdown was harsh, with reports of barricades at the Shwedagon Pagoda and monks killed. There were also rumours of disagreement within the Burmese armed forces, but none was confirmed. The military crackdown against unarmed protesters was widely condemned as part of the International reactions to the Saffron Revolution and led to an increase in economic sanctions against the Burmese Government.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the cause of the insurrection in the summer of 2007 ?
A: an increase in the price of diesel and petrol', '
Q: What was the name of the insurgency lead by Buddhist Monks?
A: Saffron Revolution', '
Q: Did the insurgency lead to any economic changes in Burma ?
A: an increase in economic sanctions against the Burmese Government.', '
Q: How did the world respond to the reported acts of military violence during the Burmese revolution of 2007?
A: The military crackdown against unarmed protesters was widely condemned as part of the International reactions']
In May 2008, Cyclone Nargis caused extensive damage in the densely populated, rice-farming delta of the Irrawaddy Division. It was the worst natural disaster in Burmese history with reports of an estimated 200,000 people dead or missing, and damage totalled to 10 billion US Dollars, and as many as 1 million left homeless. In the critical days following this disaster, Myanmar's isolationist government was accused of hindering United Nations recovery efforts. Humanitarian aid was requested but concerns about foreign military or intelligence presence in the country delayed the entry of United States military planes delivering medicine, food, and other supplies.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What natural disaster caused detrimental effects to the Irrawaddy section of Burma in May of 2008 ?  
A: Cyclone Nargis', '
Q: What is the main crop of the delta of the Irrawaddy section of Burma?
A: rice', '
Q: How many people were reported missing or deceased due to the natural disaster of 2007 ?
A: estimated 200,000 people dead or missing', '
Q: How much was the financial cost of the damages of the 2007 natural disaster in Burma ?
A: 10 billion US Dollars', "
Q: Did the government of Myanmar welcome the international efforts of assistance?
A: Myanmar's isolationist government was accused of hindering United Nations recovery efforts"]
In October 2012 the number of ongoing conflicts in Myanmar included the Kachin conflict, between the Pro-Christian Kachin Independence Army and the government; a civil war between the Rohingya Muslims, and the government and non-government groups in Rakhine State; and a conflict between the Shan, Lahu and Karen minority groups, and the government in the eastern half of the country. In addition al-Qaeda signalled an intention to become involved in Myanmar. In a video released 3 September 2014 mainly addressed to India, the militant group's leader Ayman al-Zawahiri said al-Qaeda had not forgotten the Muslims of Myanmar and that the group was doing "what they can to rescue you". In response, the military raised its level of alertness while the Burmese Muslim Association issued a statement saying Muslims would not tolerate any threat to their motherland.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In 2012 what was the the disturbance with the government running smoothly ? Burma? 
A: the number of ongoing conflicts in Myanmar', '
Q: Were any religious groups involved in the scrimmages ? 
A: Pro-Christian Kachin Independence Army a', '
Q: Were any terrorist groups involved in the Burmese conflicts ? 
A: al-Qaeda', '
Q: Does al-Qaeda believe that Muslims in Burma are in danger?
A: Ayman al-Zawahiri said al-Qaeda had not forgotten the Muslims of Myanmar and that the group was doing "what they can to rescue you".', '
Q: Did Muslims in Burma give a repose to statements made by al-Qaeda? 
A: the Burmese Muslim Association issued a statement saying Muslims would not tolerate any threat to their motherland.']
Armed conflict between ethnic Chinese rebels and the Myanmar Armed Forces have resulted in the Kokang offensive in February 2015. The conflict had forced 40,000 to 50,000 civilians to flee their homes and seek shelter on the Chinese side of the border. During the incident the government of China was accused of giving military assistance to the ethnic Chinese rebels. Burmese officials have been historically 'manipulated' and pressured by the communist Chinese government throughout Burmese modern history to create closer and binding ties with China, creating a Chinese satellite state in Southeast Asia.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What country was Burma involved with in 2015
A: Armed conflict between ethnic Chinese rebels and the Myanmar Armed Forces', '
Q: Were there any refuges that resulted from the Burmese conflict in 2015?
A: The conflict had forced 40,000 to 50,000 civilians to flee their homes and seek shelter', '
Q: What was the government of China accused of during the Kokang offensive ?
A: China was accused of giving military assistance to the ethnic Chinese rebels.', "
Q: Is China an affect on the government in Burma ?
A: Burmese officials have been historically 'manipulated' and pressured by the communist Chinese", '
Q: To what benefit of China has its interest in the Burmese government brought about ?
A: creating a Chinese satellite state in Southeast Asia']