romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
The first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces occurred during the Second Boer War, when several units were raised to serve under British command. Similarly, when the United Kingdom entered into conflict with Germany in the First World War, Canadian troops were called to participate in European theatres. The Canadian Crown-in-Council then decided to send its forces into the Second World War, as well as the Korean War.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was the first overseas deployment of the Canadian Military?
A: Second Boer War', '
Q: Under what command did they serve?
A: British command', '
Q: When were Canadian Troops called upon to assist in Europe?
A: the First World War', '
Q: What other European war were the Canadian Forces involved in?
A: Second World War', '
Q: What Asian war were the Canadian Forces involved in?
A: Korean War']
Since 1947, Canadian military units have participated in more than 200 operations worldwide, and completed 72 international operations. Canadian soldiers, sailors, and aviators came to be considered world-class professionals through conspicuous service during these conflicts and the country's integral participation in NATO during the Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War, and in United Nations Peacekeeping operations, such as the Suez Crisis, Golan Heights, Cyprus, Croatia, Bosnia, Afghanistan, and Libya. Canada maintained an aircraft carrier from 1957 to 1970 during the Cold War, which never saw combat but participated in patrols during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many operations has the Canadian Military been part of since 1947?
A: more than 200 operations', '
Q: How many operations have been completed by the Canadian Military Internationally?
A: 72', '
Q: What are some of the wars the Canadian Military was involved in?
A: Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War', '
Q: What peace keeping effort is the Canadian Military part of?
A: United Nations Peacekeeping operations', '
Q: What type of military vehicle was maintained almost 15 years but never saw any action during the Cuban crisis?
A: an aircraft carrier']
Battles which are particularly notable to the Canadian military include the Battle of Vimy Ridge, the Dieppe Raid, the Battle of Ortona, the Battle of Passchendaele, the Normandy Landings, the Battle for Caen, the Battle of the Scheldt, the Battle of Britain, the Battle of the Atlantic, the strategic bombing of German cities, and more recently the Battle of Medak Pocket, in Croatia.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What famous World War II battle was the Canadian Military part of?
A: the Normandy Landings', '
Q: What effort was the Canadian Military known for in Germany?
A: the strategic bombing of German cities', '
Q: What Battle in France was the Canadian Military known for?
A: the Battle of Vimy Ridge', '
Q: What country was the latest Canadian Military effort?
A: Croatia']
At the end of the Second World War, Canada possessed the fourth-largest air force and fifth-largest naval surface fleet in the world, as well as the largest volunteer army ever fielded. Conscription for overseas service was introduced only near the end of the war, and only 2,400 conscripts actually made it into battle. Originally, Canada was thought to have had the third-largest navy in the world, but with the fall of the Soviet Union, new data based on Japanese and Soviet sources found that to be incorrect.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Canada had which biggest army during the Second World War?
A: the largest volunteer army ever', "
Q: What country fell providing with more information on Canada's army size?
A: the Soviet Union", '
Q: Which other country had a sizable naval army?
A: Japanese']
The current iteration of the Canadian Armed Forces dates from 1 February 1968, when the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force were merged into a unified structure and superseded by elemental commands. Its roots, however, lie in colonial militia groups that served alongside garrisons of the French and British armies and navies; a structure that remained in place until the early 20th century. Thereafter, a distinctly Canadian army and navy was established, followed by an air force, that, because of the constitutional arrangements at the time, remained effectively under the control of the British government until Canada gained legislative independence from the United Kingdom in 1931, in part due to the distinguished achievement and sacrifice of the Canadian Corps in the First World War.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did the Canadian Armed Forced become to be?
A: 1 February 1968', '
Q: What does the Canadian Armed Forces mostly consist of?
A: the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force', '
Q: What prevented Canada from fully having their own army at the start?
A: the British government', '
Q: When did Canada gain independence from the United Kingdom?
A: 1931', '
Q: What war aided Canadian legislative independence?
A: the First World War']
After the 1980s, the use of the "Canadian Armed Forces" name gave way to "Canadian Forces";[citation needed] The "Canadian Armed Forces" name returned in 2013.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the old name of the Canadian Forces?
A: Canadian Armed Forces', '
Q: When did the Canadian Armed Forces name cease to be?
A: After the 1980s', '
Q: When was the Canadian Armed Forces name reintroduced?
A: 2013', '
Q: What was the new name of the Canadian Armed Forces?
A: Canadian Forces']
Land Forces during this period also deployed in support of peacekeeping operations within United Nations sanctioned conflicts. The nature of the Canadian Forces has continued to evolve. They have been deployed in Afghanistan until 2011, under the NATO-led United Nations International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), at the request of the Government of Afghanistan.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What forces were sent out in support of peacekeeping?
A: Land Forces', '
Q: Until when were Canadian forces in Afghanistan?
A: 2011', '
Q: What force were the Canadians part of in Afghanistan?
A: ISAF', '
Q: Who requested the aid of the Canadians?
A: the Government of Afghanistan', '
Q: What type of operations were mainly done by Canadian forces?
A: peacekeeping']
The Armed Forces are today funded by approximately $20.1 billion annually and are presently ranked 74th in size compared to the world's other armed forces by number of total personnel, and 58th in terms of active personnel, standing at a strength of roughly 68,000, plus 27,000 reservists, 5000 Rangers, and 19,000 supplementary reserves, bringing the total force to approximately 119,000. The number of primary reserve personnel is expected to go up to 30,000 by 2020, and the number of active to at least 70,000. In addition, 5000 rangers and 19,000 supplementary personnel will be serving. If this happens the total strength would be around 124,000. These individuals serve on numerous CF bases located in all regions of the country, and are governed by the Queen's Regulations and Orders and the National Defence Act.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is Today's annual cost of the Canadian Forces?
A: approximately $20.1 billion", '
Q: How are the Canadian forces ranked in size compared to other military?
A: 74th in size', '
Q: What is the total force of the Canadian Forces?
A: approximately 119,000', '
Q: By what date is the primary reserve personnel estimated to go up by 30,000?
A: 2020', '
Q: What is the total amount of Canadian Forces estimated to be in 2020?
A: around 124,000']
In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds were also put towards recruitment, which had been dwindling throughout the 1980s and '90s, possibly because the Canadian populace had come to perceive the CAF as peacekeepers rather than as soldiers, as shown in a 2008 survey conducted for the Department of National Defence. The poll found that nearly two thirds of Canadians agreed with the country's participation in the invasion of Afghanistan, and that the military should be stronger, but also that the purpose of the forces should be different, such as more focused on responding to natural disasters. Then CDS, Walter Natynczyk, said later that year that while recruiting has become more successful, the CF was facing a problem with its rate of loss of existing members, which increased between 2006 and 2008 from 6% to 9.2% annually.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the effort called to upgrade the Canadian Forces?
A: the Canada First Defence Strategy', '
Q: How were the Canadian Forces upgraded in 2008?
A: through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness', '
Q: What major problem is the CAF trying to address currently?
A: loss of existing members']
The 2006 renewal and re-equipment effort has resulted in the acquisition of specific equipment (main battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles and other systems) to support the mission in Afghanistan. It has also encompassed initiatives to renew certain so-called "core capabilities" (such as the air force's medium range transport aircraft fleet – the C-130 Hercules – and the army's truck and armoured vehicle fleets). In addition, new systems (such as C-17 Globemaster III strategic transport aircraft and CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift helicopters) have also been acquired for the Armed Forces. Although the viability of the Canada First Defence Strategy continues to suffer setbacks from challenging and evolving fiscal and other factors, it originally aimed to:

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What equipment was acquired to aid in Afghanistan?
A: main battle tanks, artillery, unmanned air vehicles', '
Q: What large transport plane is part of the CAF mission?
A: C-130 Hercules', '
Q: What new type of helicopter was recently acquired?
A: CH-47 Chinook heavy-lift helicopters', '
Q: When was the renewal and re-equipment effort started?
A: 2006']
In the 1950s, the recruitment of women was open to roles in medicine, communication, logistics, and administration. The roles of women in the CAF began to expand in 1971, after the Department reviewed the recommendations of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women, at which time it lifted the ceiling of 1,500 women personnel, and gradually expanded employment opportunities into the non-traditional areas—vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers, military police, and firefighters. The Department further reviewed personnel policies in 1978 and 1985, after Parliament passed the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. As a result of these reviews, the Department changed its policies to permit women to serve at sea in replenishment ships and in a diving tender, with the army service battalions, in military police platoons and field ambulance units, and in most air squadrons.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What roles were women recruited for in the 1950s?
A: medicine, communication, logistics, and administration', '
Q: What year did further recruitment for women open in the CAF?
A: 1971', '
Q: What non traditional tasks were women recruited for in the 1970s?
A: vehicle drivers and mechanics, aircraft mechanics, air-traffic controllers', '
Q: Why were women eventually allowed to serve at sea in the CAF?
A: the Department changed its policies', "
Q: What charter directly affected a women's right to serve in the CAF?
A: Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms"]
In 1987, occupations and units with the primary role of preparing for direct involvement in combat on the ground or at sea were still closed to women: infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery, signals, field engineers, and naval operations. On 5 February 1987, the Minister of National Defence created an office to study the impact of employing men and women in combat units. These trials were called Combat-Related Employment of Women.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Name some of the jobs in the CAF off limits to women in the 1980s.
A: infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery', '
Q: On what date was a study created to research the impart of women in direct involvement?
A: 5 February 1987', '
Q: Who created an office to study these effects?
A: the Minister of National Defence', '
Q: What was the study called?
A: Combat-Related Employment of Women']
All military occupations were open to women in 1989, with the exception of submarine service, which opened in 2000. Throughout the 1990s, the introduction of women into the combat arms increased the potential recruiting pool by about 100 percent. It also provided opportunities for all persons to serve their country to the best of their abilities. Women were fully integrated in all occupations and roles by the government of Jean Chretien, and by 8 March 2000, even allowed to serve on submarines.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year were most military occupations opened to women?
A: 1989', "
Q: What military occupation wasn't opened to women until the 2000s?
A: submarine service", '
Q: By how much did opening these jobs to women increase the recruiting pool by?
A: 100 percent', '
Q: Which government was responsible in Canadian history for this fact?
A: the government of Jean Chretien']
All equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force. Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots, and flak jackets are designed to ensure women have the same level of protection and comfort as their male colleagues. The women's uniform is similar in design to the men's uniform, but conforms to the female figure, and is functional and practical. Women are also provided with an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is a requirement for equipment for the CAF?
A: equipment must be suitable for a mixed-gender force', '
Q: What are some of the equipment used by both men and women?
A: Combat helmets, rucksacks, combat boots', '
Q: What special entitlement are women provided as part of their service?
A: an annual financial entitlement for the purchase of brassiere undergarments']
The following is the hierarchy of the Canadian Armed Forces. It begins at the top with the most senior-ranking personnel and works its way into lower organizations.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the hierarchy of the Canadian Armed Forces?
A: It begins at the top with the most senior-ranking personnel and works its way into lower organizations.']
The Canadian constitution determines that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign, who, since 1904, has authorized his or her viceroy, the governor general, to exercise the duties ascribed to the post of Commander-in-Chief and to hold the associated title since 1905. All troop deployment and disposition orders, including declarations of war, fall within the royal prerogative and are issued as Orders in Council, which must be signed by either the monarch or governor general. Under the Westminster system's parliamentary customs and practices, however, the monarch and viceroy must generally follow the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet, including the prime minister and minister of national defence, who are accountable to the elected House of Commons.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What determines who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed forces?
A: The Canadian constitution', '
Q: Who does the Commander-in-Chief authorize to make decision regarding the Armed Forces for them?
A: the governor general', '
Q: What orders fall under the royal prerogative?
A: troop deployment and disposition orders', '
Q: Who must sign these orders for them to be valid?
A: the monarch or governor general', "
Q: Who's advice is the monarch supposed to follow regarding these orders?
A: the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet"]
The Armed Forces' 115,349 personnel are divided into a hierarchy of numerous ranks of officers and non-commissioned members. The governor general appoints, on the advice of the prime minister, the Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) as the highest ranking commissioned officer in the Armed Forces and who, as head of the Armed Forces Council, is in command of the Canadian Forces. The Armed Forces Council generally operates from National Defence Headquarters (NDHQ) in Ottawa, Ontario. On the Armed Forces Council sit the heads of Canadian Joint Operations Command and Canadian Special Operations Forces Command, the Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, and the heads of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, the Royal Canadian Air Force and other key Level 1 organizations. The sovereign and most other members of the Canadian Royal Family also act as colonels-in-chief, honorary air commodores, air commodores-in-chief, admirals, and captains-general of Canadian Forces units, though these positions are ceremonial.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: The armed forces has approximately how many members?
A: 115,349', '
Q: Who is the highest ranking member of the Armed Forces?
A: the Chief of the Defence Staff', '
Q: Who appoints the Chief of the Defence?
A: The governor general', '
Q: What location does the National Defense operate out of?
A: Ottawa, Ontario', '
Q: What are some of the members of the Armed Forces Council?
A: the heads of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, the Royal Canadian Air Force and other key Level 1 organizations.']
Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu. Officers will generally either directly enter the Canadian Armed Forces with a degree from a civilian university, or receive their commission upon graduation from the Royal Military College of Canada. Specific element and trade training is conducted at a variety of institutions throughout Canada, and to a lesser extent, the world.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many Canadian Forces bases are there in Canada?
A: 27', '
Q: Where do Canadian Forces members go for training?
A: Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu', '
Q: What is the place called where initial training happens?
A: Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School']
The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Navy, includes 33 warships and submarines deployed in two fleets: Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) at CFB Esquimalt on the west coast, and Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) at Her Majesty's Canadian Dockyard in Halifax on the east coast, as well as one formation: the Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ) at Quebec City, Quebec. The fleet is augmented by various aircraft and supply vessels. The RCN participates in NATO exercises and operations, and ships are deployed all over the world in support of multinational deployments.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many warships does the Royal Canadian Navy have?
A: 33', '
Q: Where are the Maritime Forces Atlantic located?
A: Halifax', '
Q: What formation is located in Quebec?
A: the Naval Reserve Headquarters (NAVRESHQ)', '
Q: What international exercises does the RCN partake in?
A: NATO exercises']
The Canadian Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and administered through four divisions—the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division—the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System and the Canadian Army Headquarters.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who heads the Canadian Army?
A: Commander of the Canadian Army', '
Q: How many divisions are there in the Canadian Army?
A: four divisions', '
Q: What are the four divisions?
A: the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division', '
Q: What division is the Canadian Army Doctrine of?
A: the 5th Canadian Division', '
Q: The Canadian Army Headquarters are located in what division?
A: the 5th Canadian Division']
Currently, the Regular Force component of the Army consists of three field-ready brigade groups: 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Edmonton and CFB Shilo; 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Petawawa and CFB Gagetown; and 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Valcartier and Quebec City. Each contains one regiment each of artillery, armour, and combat engineers, three battalions of infantry (all scaled in the British fashion), one battalion for logistics, a squadron for headquarters/signals, and several smaller support organizations. A tactical helicopter squadron and a field ambulance are co-located with each brigade, but do not form part of the brigade's command structure.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many brigades does the Army consist of?
A: three', '
Q: Each Brigade contains how many regiments?
A: one', '
Q: What squadron is present but not an official part of the Brigade?
A: tactical helicopter squadron', '
Q: What medical group is present at all Brigades but not part of it?
A: a field ambulance']
The 2nd, 3rd and 4th Canadian Divisions each has a Regular Force brigade group, and each division except the 1st has two to three Reserve Force brigades groups. In total, there are ten Reserve Force brigade groups. The 5th Canadian Division and the 2nd Canadian Division each have two Reserve Force brigade groups, while the 4th Canadian Division and the 3rd Canadian Division each have three Reserve Force brigade groups. Major training and support establishments exist at CFB Gagetown, CFB Montreal and CFB Wainwright.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where is most of the major training performed?
A: CFB Gagetown, CFB Montreal and CFB Wainwright.']
The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) is headed by the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force. The commander of 1 Canadian Air Division and Canadian NORAD Region, based in Winnipeg, is responsible for the operational command and control of Air Force activities throughout Canada and worldwide. 1 Canadian Air Division operations are carried out through eleven wings located across Canada. The commander of 2 Canadian Air Division is responsible for training and support functions. 2 Canadian Air Division operations are carried out at two wings. Wings represent the grouping of various squadrons, both operational and support, under a single tactical commander reporting to the operational commander and vary in size from several hundred personnel to several thousand.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who heads the Royal Canadian Air Force?
A: the Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force', '
Q: Where is the commander based out of?
A: Winnipeg', '
Q: How many air force wings are located across Canada?
A: eleven', '
Q: Who reports to the operational commander about the wings?
A: tactical commander']
Major air bases are located in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador, while administrative and command and control facilities are located in Winnipeg and North Bay. A Canadian component of the NATO Airborne Early Warning Force is also based at NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen near Geilenkirchen, Germany.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are some locations of the air bases?
A: Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba', '
Q: Where are the command facilities located?
A: Winnipeg and North Bay', '
Q: Where is the Canadian component of the NATO located?
A: Geilenkirchen, Germany', '
Q: What NATO force are the Canadians part of?
A: Airborne Early Warning Force', '
Q: What location is a Canadian airforce base located whose name is also a dog breed?
A: Labrador']