romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Roman Catholicism was the sole established religion in the Holy Roman Empire until the Reformation changed this drastically. In 1517, Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church as he saw it as a corruption of Christian faith. Through this, he altered the course of European and world history and established Protestantism. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe. The war was fought largely as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year did Martin Luther challenge the Catholic Church?
A: 1517', '
Q: During what years was the thirty year war?
A: 1618–1648', '
Q: Until the Reformation, what was the established religion in Germany?
A: Roman Catholicism', '
Q: Where was the thirty year war primarily fought?
A: Germany', '
Q: Who was the thirty year war between?
A: Protestants and Catholics']
According to the latest nationwide census, Roman Catholics constituted 30.8% of the total population of Germany, followed by the Evangelical Protestants at 30.3%. Other religions, atheists or not specified constituted 38.8% of the population at the time. Among "others" are Protestants not included in Evangelical Church of Germany, and other Christians such as the Restorationist New Apostolic Church. Protestantism was more common among the citizens of Germany. The North and East Germany is predominantly Protestant, the South and West rather Catholic. Nowadays there is a non-religious majority in Hamburg and the East German states.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What percentage of Germans are Roman Catholic?
A: 30.8', '
Q: What percentage of Germans are Evangelical Protestants?
A: 30.3', '
Q: What religion is the North and East part of Germany?
A: Protestant', '
Q: Where is there a non-religious majority?
A: Hamburg and the East German states']
Sport forms an integral part of German life, as demonstrated by the fact that 27 million Germans are members of a sports club and an additional twelve million pursue such an activity individually. Football is by far the most popular sport, and the German Football Federation (Deutscher Fußballbund) with more than 6.3 million members is the largest athletic organisation in the country. It also attracts the greatest audience, with hundreds of thousands of spectators attending Bundesliga matches and millions more watching on television.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many Germans are members of sports clubs?
A: 27 million', '
Q: What is the most popular sport in Germany?
A: Football', '
Q: What is the largest athletic organisation in the country?
A: German Football Federation', '
Q: How many members are in the German Football Federation?
A: 6.3 million']
Since the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the internal and external evaluation of Germany's national image has changed. In the annual Nation Brands Index global survey, Germany became significantly and repeatedly more highly ranked after the tournament. People in 20 different states assessed the country's reputation in terms of culture, politics, exports, its people and its attractiveness to tourists, immigrants and investments. Germany has been named the world's second most valued nation among 50 countries in 2010. Another global opinion poll, for the BBC, revealed that Germany is recognised for the most positive influence in the world in 2010. A majority of 59% have a positive view of the country, while 14% have a negative view.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year was the turning point for Germany in the Nation Brands Index?
A: 2006', '
Q: What year did BBC reveal that Germany is the most positive influence in the world?
A: 2010', '
Q: what percentage have a negative view of Germany?
A: 14%', '
Q: What percentage of people have a positive view of Germany?
A: 59']
Pan-Germanism's origins began in the early 19th century following the Napoleonic Wars. The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution. Nationalism during the 19th century threatened the old aristocratic regimes. Many ethnic groups of Central and Eastern Europe had been divided for centuries, ruled over by the old Monarchies of the Romanovs and the Habsburgs. Germans, for the most part, had been a loose and disunited people since the Reformation when the Holy Roman Empire was shattered into a patchwork of states. The new German nationalists, mostly young reformers such as Johann Tillmann of East Prussia, sought to unite all the German-speaking and ethnic-German (Volksdeutsche) people.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what century did the Pan-Germanisms origins begin?
A: 19th', '
Q: What movement came out of the French Revolution?
A: Nationalism', '
Q: Who was threatened by Nationalism?
A: aristocratic regimes', '
Q: Who ruled central and Eastern Europe during the 19th century?
A: Romanovs and the Habsburgs', '
Q: Where was Johann Tillmann from?
A: East Prussia']
By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute numerical majority; the creation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was one result of the growing nationalism of other ethnicities especially the Hungarians. Prussia under Otto von Bismarck would ride on the coat-tails of nationalism to unite all of modern-day Germany. The German Empire ("Second Reich") was created in 1871 following the proclamation of Wilhelm I as head of a union of German-speaking states, while disregarding millions of its non-German subjects who desired self-determination from German rule.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Who were the two most powerful nations in the 1860's?
A: Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire", '
Q: When was the German Empire created?
A: 1871', '
Q: Who was Wilhelm I?
A: head of a union of German-speaking states', '
Q: What were Prussia and Austria looking to expand?
A: influence and territory', '
Q: Which empire was a multi ethnic state?
A: The Austrian Empire']
Following the defeat in World War I, influence of German-speaking elites over Central and Eastern Europe was greatly limited. At the treaty of Versailles Germany was substantially reduced in size. Austria-Hungary was split up. Rump-Austria, which to a certain extent corresponded to the German-speaking areas of Austria-Hungary (a complete split into language groups was impossible due to multi-lingual areas and language-exclaves) adopted the name "German-Austria" (German: Deutschösterreich). The name German-Austria was forbidden by the victorious powers of World War I. Volga Germans living in the Soviet Union were interned in gulags or forcibly relocated during the Second World War.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What greatly reduced the size of Germany after WWI?
A: treaty of Versailles', '
Q: Who was relocated during the second world war from the Soviet Union?
A: Volga Germans', '
Q: What name did Rump-Austria adopt?
A: German-Austria', '
Q: What is the German translation for German-Austria?
A: Deutschösterreich']
For decades after the Second World War, any national symbol or expression was a taboo. However, the Germans are becoming increasingly patriotic. During a study in 2009, in which some 2,000 German citizens age 14 and upwards filled out a questionnaire, nearly 60% of those surveyed agreed with the sentiment "I'm proud to be German." And 78%, if free to choose their nation, would opt for German nationality with "near or absolute certainty". Another study in 2009, carried out by the Identity Foundation in Düsseldorf, showed that 73% of the Germans were proud of their country, twice more than 8 years earlier. According to Eugen Buss, a sociology professor at the University of Hohenheim, there's an ongoing normalisation and more and more Germans are becoming openly proud of their country.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What percentage of 14 year olds said they were proud to be German in 2009?
A: 60', '
Q: What percentage of 14 year olds in 2009 said they would choose German for their nationality if they got to choose?
A: 78', '
Q: Where does Eugen Buss work?
A: University of Hohenheim']
In the midst of the European sovereign-debt crisis, Radek Sikorski, Poland's Foreign Minister, stated in November 2011, "I will probably be the first Polish foreign minister in history to say so, but here it is: I fear German power less than I am beginning to fear German inactivity. You have become Europe's indispensable nation." According to Jacob Heilbrunn, a senior editor at The National Interest, such a statement is unprecedented when taking into consideration Germany's history. "This was an extraordinary statement from a top official of a nation that was ravaged by Germany during World War II. And it reflects a profound shift taking place throughout Germany and Europe about Berlin's position at the center of the Continent." Heilbrunn believes that the adage, "what was good for Germany was bad for the European Union" has been supplanted by a new mentality—what is in the interest of Germany is also in the interest of its neighbors. The evolution in Germany's national identity stems from focusing less on its Nazi past and more on its Prussian history, which many Germans believe was betrayed—and not represented—by Nazism. The evolution is further precipitated by Germany's conspicuous position as Europe's strongest economy. Indeed, this German sphere of influence has been welcomed by the countries that border it, as demonstrated by Polish foreign minister Radek Sikorski's effusive praise for his country's western neighbor. This shift in thinking is boosted by a newer generation of Germans who see World War II as a distant memory.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Who was Poland's foreign minister in 2011?
A: Radek Sikorski", '
Q: What are Germans trying to forget?
A: Nazi past', '
Q: What are Germans trying to focus on?
A: Prussian history', "
Q: Who is Europe's strongest economy?
A: Germany"]
New Haven (local /nuː ˈheɪvən/, noo-HAY-vən), in the U.S. state of Connecticut, is the principal municipality in Greater New Haven, which had a total population of 862,477 in 2010. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of the Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut, which in turn comprises the outer limits of the New York metropolitan area. It is the second-largest city in Connecticut (after Bridgeport), with a population of 129,779 people as of the 2010 United States Census. According to a census of 1 July 2012, by the Census Bureau, the city had a population of 130,741.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the largest city in Connecticuty?
A: Bridgeport', '
Q: What was the population of New Haven according to the 2012 Census?
A: 130,741', '
Q: What was the population of New Haven according to the 2010 Census?
A: 129,779', '
Q: What was the population of Greater New Haven in 2010?
A: 862,477', '
Q: New Haven Harbor is located on the northern shore of what waterway? 
A: Long Island Sound', '
Q: In which US state is New Haven located?
A: Connecticut', '
Q: In what county is New Haven located?
A: New Haven County', '
Q: What is the population of New Haven according to the 2010 United States Census?
A: 129,779', '
Q: New Haven County makes up the outer limits of what major metropolitan area?
A: New York metropolitan area', '
Q: What is the population of New Haven City in 2010?
A: 129,779', "
Q: What is Connecticut's biggest city?
A: Bridgeport", '
Q: In what county is New Haven located in?
A: New Haven County,', '
Q: The population of the Greater New Haven in 2010?
A: 862,477', '
Q: What is the metropolitan next to New Haven County, Connecticut? 
A: New York']
In 1637 a small party of Puritans reconnoitered the New Haven harbor area and wintered over. In April 1638, the main party of five hundred Puritans who left the Massachusetts Bay Colony under the leadership of the Reverend John Davenport and the London merchant Theophilus Eaton sailed into the harbor. These settlers were hoping to establish a (in their mind) better theological community, with the government more closely linked to the church than the one they left in Massachusetts and sought to take advantage of the excellent port capabilities of the harbor. The Quinnipiacs, who were under attack by neighboring Pequots, sold their land to the settlers in return for protection.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many Puritans were in the initial group that settled New Haven?
A: five hundred', '
Q: What group sold the land to the Puritans?
A: The Quinnipiacs', '
Q: The Quinnipiacs were under attack by what group?
A: Pequots', '
Q: What is the name of the religious leader who co-led this founding group?
A: Reverend John Davenport', '
Q: What is the name of the London merchant who co-led this founding group?
A: Theophilus Eaton', '
Q: In what year did the Puritans survey New Haven Harbor?
A: 1637', '
Q: From what colony did the original 500 Puritan settlers originate?
A: Massachusetts Bay Colony', '
Q: Who was the religious leader of the original Puritan settlers?
A: Reverend John Davenport', '
Q: In what year did the original 500 Puritan settlers arrive in the New Haven harbor area?
A: 1638', '
Q: From what native tribe did the original Puritan settlers purchase land in exchange for the offer of providing protection?
A: Quinnipiacs', '
Q: What year begin the founding of New Haven Harbor?
A: 1638', '
Q: Where did the settlers came from?
A: Massachusetts Bay Colony', '
Q: What was the name of the Native Americans that sold them the land?
A: Quinnipiacs,', '
Q: In comparison to Massachusetts what where settlers hoping to establish in New Haven Harbor?
A: better theological community', '
Q: Who was the religious leader that lead the pilgrims to New Haven Harbor?
A: Reverend John Davenport']
By 1640, the town's theocratic government and nine-square grid plan were in place, and the town was renamed Newhaven from Quinnipiac. However, the area north of New Haven remained Quinnipiac until 1678, when it was renamed Hamden. The settlement became the headquarters of the New Haven Colony. At the time, the New Haven Colony was separate from the Connecticut Colony, which had been established to the north centering on Hartford. One of the principal differences between the two colonies was that the New Haven colony was an intolerant theocracy that did not permit other churches to be established, while the Connecticut colony permitted the establishment of other churches.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How did New Haven colony differ from Connecticut colony in regard to religion?
A: New Haven colony was an intolerant theocracy that did not permit other churches to be established', '
Q: What was the name of the settlement before it was called New Haven?
A: Quinnipiac', '
Q: What was the name of the area north of New Haven changed to in 1678?
A: Hamden', '
Q: What was the town center of the Connecticut colony?
A: Hartford', '
Q: What type of government did the Puritan settlers establish?
A: theocratic government', '
Q: By what year did the Puritan settlers rename the area from Quinnipac to Newhaven?
A: 1640', '
Q: In what year was the northern area of New Haven renamed Hamden?
A: 1678', '
Q: What colony was located to the north of New Haven Colony, centered around the area known as Hartford?
A: Connecticut Colony', '
Q: What did New Haven Colony not permit that principally distinguished it from Connecticut Colony?
A: other churches to be established', '
Q: In 1678 what was  the new name of the Northern part of New Haven?
A: Hamden', '
Q: New Haven Colony was separated from the Connecticut Colony which was located where?
A: Hartford', '
Q: What made New Haven different from the other colonies in Connecticut?
A: an intolerant theocracy', '
Q: Where was the headquarters of the New Haven Colony located?
A: Quinnipiac']
For over a century, New Haven citizens had fought in the colonial militia alongside regular British forces, as in the French and Indian War. As the American Revolution approached, General David Wooster and other influential residents hoped that the conflict with the government in Britain could be resolved short of rebellion. On 23 April 1775, which is still celebrated in New Haven as Powder House Day, the Second Company, Governor's Foot Guard, of New Haven entered the struggle against the governing British parliament. Under Captain Benedict Arnold, they broke into the powder house to arm themselves and began a three-day march to Cambridge, Massachusetts. Other New Haven militia members were on hand to escort George Washington from his overnight stay in New Haven on his way to Cambridge. Contemporary reports, from both sides, remark on the New Haven volunteers' professional military bearing, including uniforms.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the name given to the celebrated date of 23 April 1775 in New Haven?
A: Powder House Day', "
Q: Who was the captain of New Haven's Second Company, Governor's Foot Guard?
A: Benedict Arnold", '
Q: How long did the march from New Haven to Cambridge, Massachusetts take Arnold and his men?
A: a three-day march', '
Q: Who was the influential New Haven general that hoped to avoid conflict with the British Parliament as the American Revolution loomed closer?
A: General David Wooster', '
Q: What date is still commemorated by Powder House Day in New Haven?
A: 23 April 1775', "
Q: What was the name of the Second Company in New Haven that was the first to enter the inaugural struggle with the British?
A: Governor's Foot Guard", "
Q: Under whose leadership did the Governor's Foot Guard break into the powder house to arm themselves?
A: Captain Benedict Arnold", '
Q: Toward what area did the New Haven militia march for three days following the powder house incident?
A: Cambridge, Massachusetts', '
Q: Power House Day is celebrated on what day in New Haven?
A: 23 April', '
Q: What is the name of infamous historical person who played an important role on Power House Day? 
A: Benedict Arnold', '
Q: Where was George Washington planning to go after staying in New Haven?
A: Cambridge', "
Q: What is the name of the New Haven Militia that fought on during Powder House Day?
A: Governor's Foot Guard", '
Q: Although the militia were mainly made of volunteers what item distinguish them from other militia companies?
A: uniforms.']
On July 5, 1779, 2,600 loyalists and British regulars under General William Tryon, governor of New York, landed in New Haven Harbor and raided the 3,500-person town. A militia of Yale students had been prepping for battle, and former Yale president and Yale Divinity School professor Naphtali Daggett rode out to confront the Redcoats. Yale president Ezra Stiles recounted in his diary that while he moved furniture in anticipation of battle, he still couldn't quite believe the revolution had begun. New Haven was not torched as the invaders did with Danbury in 1777, or Fairfield and Norwalk a week after the New Haven raid, so many of the town's colonial features were preserved.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the name of the General who led the raid against New Haven on July 5, 1779?
A: General William Tryon', '
Q: Who was the president of Yale at the time of the attack?
A: Ezra Stiles', '
Q: Why did New Haven fair better than other invaded cities?
A: New Haven was not torched', '
Q: What was the size  of the invading force?
A: 2,600', '
Q: Who was the governor of New York under which the loyalist and British raid of New Haven took place?
A: General William Tryon', '
Q: The students of what New Haven university formed an ad-hoc militia to confront the Redcoats?
A: Yale', '
Q: Who was the professor of Yale Divinity School that led the student militia to confront the Redcoats?
A: Naphtali Daggett', '
Q: On what date did the loyalists and Redcoats land in New Haven Harbor to commence a raid on New Haven?
A: July 5, 1779', '
Q: Who was the president of Yale that provided diary accounts expressing disbelief over the commencement of the revolution in New Haven?
A: Ezra Stiles', '
Q: What is the name of the general that lead British regulars to New Haven Harbor?
A: William Tryon', '
Q: At the time what was the population of New Haven Harbor?
A: 3,500', '
Q: A group of militia from a very famous modern town in Connecticut came to fought in the Harbor, what was the name of their town?
A: Yale', '
Q: The militia that fought in New Haven was lead by who? 
A: Naphtali Daggett', "
Q: After the battle were New Haven historical features lost or torched?
A: town's colonial features were preserved."]
The city struck fortune in the late 18th century with the inventions and industrial activity of Eli Whitney, a Yale graduate who remained in New Haven to develop the cotton gin and establish a gun-manufacturing factory in the northern part of the city near the Hamden town line. That area is still known as Whitneyville, and the main road through both towns is known as Whitney Avenue. The factory is now the Eli Whitney Museum, which has a particular emphasis on activities for children and exhibits pertaining to the A. C. Gilbert Company. His factory, along with that of Simeon North, and the lively clock-making and brass hardware sectors, contributed to making early Connecticut a powerful manufacturing economy; so many arms manufacturers sprang up that the state became known as "The Arsenal of America". It was in Whitney's gun-manufacturing plant that Samuel Colt invented the automatic revolver in 1836. The Farmington Canal, created in the early 19th century, was a short-lived transporter of goods into the interior regions of Connecticut and Massachusetts, and ran from New Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who is the Yale graduate, inventor, and arms manufacturer that had a large positive impact on the New Haven economy in the late 18th century?
A: Eli Whitney', '
Q: What invention, for which he is primarily known, did Eli Whitney develop in New Haven?
A: the cotton gin', '
Q: What is the area near Hamden that was renamed for Eli Whitney?
A: Whitneyville', '
Q: What was the nickname given to Connecticut due to the large number of arms manufacturers that arose in the state? 
A: "The Arsenal of America"', "
Q: In 1836, who invented the automatic revolver in Eli Whitney's gun manufacturing plant?
A: Samuel Colt", '
Q: What is the name of the inventor that created the cotton gin in New Haven?
A: Eli Whitney', '
Q: What is the name of the main road that connects New Haven to Hamden?
A: Whitney Avenue', '
Q: What was the company that was responsible Connecticut rise as a manufacturing economy? 
A: A. C. Gilbert', '
Q: The rise of gun factories within Connecticut earn the state what name?
A: The Arsenal of America', '
Q: In what year was the first automatic revolver invented?
A: 1836']