romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
By March 2011, the market share of OS X in North America had increased to slightly over 14%. Whether the size of the Mac's market share and installed base is relevant, and to whom, is a hotly debated issue. Industry pundits have often called attention to the Mac's relatively small market share to predict Apple's impending doom, particularly in the early and mid-1990s when the company's future seemed bleakest. Others argue that market share is the wrong way to judge the Mac's success. Apple has positioned the Mac as a higher-end personal computer, and so it may be misleading to compare it to a budget PC. Because the overall market for personal computers has grown rapidly, the Mac's increasing sales numbers are effectively swamped by the industry's expanding sales volume as a whole. Apple's small market share, then, gives the impression that fewer people are using Macs than did ten years ago, when exactly the opposite is true. Soaring sales of the iPhone and iPad mean that the portion of Apple's profits represented by the Macintosh has declined in 2010, dropping to 24% from 46% two years earlier. Others try to de-emphasize market share, citing that it is rarely brought up in other industries. Regardless of the Mac's market share, Apple has remained profitable since Steve Jobs' return and the company's subsequent reorganization. Notably, a report published in the first quarter of 2008 found that Apple had a 14% market share in the personal computer market in the US, including 66% of all computers over $1,000. Market research indicates that Apple draws its customer base from a higher-income demographic than the mainstream personal computer market.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the market share of OS X in North America by March 2011?
A: slightly over 14%', '
Q: Being positioned as a higher end PC, what is it misleading to compare the Mac to?
A: a budget PC', "
Q: Apple has remained profitable since what time?
A: Steve Jobs' return", "
Q: According to market research, who does Apple draw it's customer base from?
A: a higher-income demographic", "
Q: Whose return to Apple resulted in the company's reorganization?
A: Steve Jobs"]
Notwithstanding these technical and commercial successes on the Macintosh platform, their systems remained fairly expensive, making them less competitive in light of the falling costs of components that made IBM PC compatibles cheaper and accelerated their adoption. In 1989, Jean-Louis Gassée had steadfastly refused to lower the profit margins on Mac computers, then there was a component shortage that rocked the exponentially-expanding PC industry that year, forcing Apple USA head Allan Loren to cut prices which dropped Apple's margins. Microsoft Windows 3.0 was released in May 1990, the first iteration of Windows which had a feature set and performance comparable to the significantly costlier Macintosh. Furthermore, Apple had created too many similar models that confused potential buyers; at one point the product lineup was subdivided into Classic, LC, II, Quadra, Performa, and Centris models, with essentially the same computer being sold under a number of different names.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who refused to lower the profit margins on Mac computers in 1989?
A: Jean-Louis Gassée', '
Q: What problem rocked the PC industry in 1989?
A: a component shortage', '
Q: What did the component shortage of 1989 force Allan Loren to do with Macs?
A: cut prices', '
Q: Who was Allan Loren?
A: Apple USA head', '
Q: When was Microsoft Windows 3.0 released?
A: May 1990']
Starting in 2002, Apple moved to eliminate CRT displays from its product line as part of aesthetic design and space-saving measures with the iMac G4. However, the new iMac with its flexible LCD flat-panel monitor was considerably more expensive on its debut than the preceding iMac G3, largely due to the higher cost of the LCD technology at the time. In order to keep the Macintosh affordable for the education market and due to obsolescence of the iMac G3, Apple created the eMac in April 2002 as the intended successor; however the eMac's CRT made it relatively bulky and somewhat outdated, while its all-in-one construction meant it could not be expanded to meet consumer demand for larger monitors. The iMac G4's relatively high prices were approaching that of laptops which were portable and had higher resolution LCD screens. Meanwhile, Windows PC manufacturers could offer desktop configurations with LCD flat panel monitors at prices comparable to the eMac and at much lower cost than the iMac G4. The flop of the Power Mac G4 Cube, along with the more expensive iMac G4 and heavy eMac, meant that Macintosh desktop sales never reached the market share attained by the previous iMac G3. For the next half-decade while Macintosh sales held steady, it would instead be the iPod portable music player and iTunes music download service that would drive Apple's sales growth.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did Apple begin to eliminate in 2002?
A: CRT displays', '
Q: Why was the new iMac G4 considerably more expensive than the G3?
A: higher cost of the LCD technology', '
Q: Who did Apple create the more affordable eMac in April 2002 for?
A: the education market', "
Q: What was the main problem with the eMac's CRT?
A: relatively bulky and somewhat outdated", "
Q: After Apple's failed desktop sales, what products drove their sales growth?
A: the iPod portable music player and iTunes music download service"]
The sales breakdown of the Macintosh have seen sales of desktop Macs stayed mostly constant while being surpassed by that of Mac notebooks whose sales rate has grown considerably; seven out of ten Macs sold were laptops in 2009, a ratio projected to rise to three out of four by 2010. The change in sales of form factors is due to the desktop iMac moving from affordable (iMac G3) to upscale (iMac G4) and subsequent releases are considered premium all-in-ones. By contrast the MSRP of the MacBook laptop lines have dropped through successive generations such that the MacBook Air and MacBook Pro constitute the lowest price of entry to a Mac, with the exception of the even more inexpensive Mac Mini (the only sub-$1000 offering from Apple, albeit without a monitor and keyboard), not surprisingly the MacBooks are the top-selling form factors of the Macintosh platform today. The use of Intel microprocessors has helped Macs more directly compete with their Windows counterparts on price and performance, and by the 2010s Apple was receiving Intel's latest CPUs first before other PC manufacturers.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In 2009, how many Macs sold were laptops?
A: seven out of ten', '
Q: What has helped Macs more directly compete with Windows on price and performance?
A: The use of Intel microprocessors', "
Q: In 2010, what did Apple receive before other PC manufacturers?
A: Intel's latest CPUs", '
Q: What are the top-selling form factors of the Mac platform today?
A: MacBooks', '
Q: What is the name of the most inexpensive Mac offered?
A: Mac Mini']
In 1998, after the return of Steve Jobs, Apple consolidated its multiple consumer-level desktop models into the all-in-one iMac G3, which became a commercial success and revitalized the brand. Since their transition to Intel processors in 2006, the complete lineup is entirely based on said processors and associated systems. Its current lineup comprises three desktops (the all-in-one iMac, entry-level Mac mini, and the Mac Pro tower graphics workstation), and four laptops (the MacBook, MacBook Air, MacBook Pro, and MacBook Pro with Retina display). Its Xserve server was discontinued in 2011 in favor of the Mac Mini and Mac Pro.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did Apple consolidate in 1998?
A: its multiple consumer-level desktop models', "
Q: What all-in-one product was created in 1998 through Apple's consolidations?
A: iMac G3", '
Q: What did the iMac G3 do to the Mac reputation?
A: revitalized the brand', "
Q: When was Mac's Xserve server discontinued?
A: 2011", "
Q: What took the place of Mac's Xserve server?
A: Mac Mini and Mac Pro"]
Burrel's innovative design, which combined the low production cost of an Apple II with the computing power of Lisa's CPU, the Motorola 68K, received the attention of Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple. Realizing that the Macintosh was more marketable than the Lisa, he began to focus his attention on the project. Raskin left the team in 1981 over a personality conflict with Jobs. Team member Andy Hertzfeld said that the final Macintosh design is closer to Jobs' ideas than Raskin's. After hearing of the pioneering GUI technology being developed at Xerox PARC, Jobs had negotiated a visit to see the Xerox Alto computer and its Smalltalk development tools in exchange for Apple stock options. The Lisa and Macintosh user interfaces were influenced by technology seen at Xerox PARC and were combined with the Macintosh group's own ideas. Jobs also commissioned industrial designer Hartmut Esslinger to work on the Macintosh line, resulting in the "Snow White" design language; although it came too late for the earliest Macs, it was implemented in most other mid- to late-1980s Apple computers. However, Jobs' leadership at the Macintosh project did not last; after an internal power struggle with new CEO John Sculley, Jobs resigned from Apple in 1985. He went on to found NeXT, another computer company targeting the education market, and did not return until 1997, when Apple acquired NeXT.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Why did Raskin leave the Apple team in 1981?
A: over a personality conflict with Jobs', '
Q: According to Andy Hertzfeld, whose idea is the final Mac design closer to?
A: Jobs', '
Q: What did Steve Jobs offer Xerox to visit and see their latest technology?
A: Apple stock options', '
Q: Whose technology influenced the user interfaces of the Lisa and Macintosh?
A: Xerox PARC', '
Q: What caused Steve Jobs to resign from Apple in 1985?
A: an internal power struggle']
Jobs stated during the Macintosh's introduction "we expect Macintosh to become the third industry standard", after the Apple II and IBM PC. Although outselling every other computer, it did not meet expectations during the first year, especially among business customers. Only about ten applications including MacWrite and MacPaint were widely available, although many non-Apple software developers participated in the introduction and Apple promised that 79 companies including Lotus, Digital Research, and Ashton-Tate were creating products for the new computer. After one year, it had less than one quarter of the software selection available compared to the IBM PC—including only one word processor, two databases, and one spreadsheet—although Apple had sold 280,000 Macintoshes compared to IBM's first year sales of fewer than 100,000 PCs.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did Jobs state that he expected Macintosh to become?
A: the third industry standard', "
Q: How many applications were widely available during Macintosh's introduction?
A: Only about ten", '
Q: How many companies did Apple promise were develping products for the new computer?
A: 79', '
Q: How many Macintoshes had Apple sold after one year?
A: 280,000', '
Q: How many databases did Apple have available the first year?
A: two']
Updated Motorola CPUs made a faster machine possible, and in 1987 Apple took advantage of the new Motorola technology and introduced the Macintosh II at $5500, powered by a 16 MHz Motorola 68020 processor. The primary improvement in the Macintosh II was Color QuickDraw in ROM, a color version of the graphics language which was the heart of the machine. Among the many innovations in Color QuickDraw were the ability to handle any display size, any color depth, and multiple monitors. The Macintosh II marked the start of a new direction for the Macintosh, as now for the first time it had an open architecture with several NuBus expansion slots, support for color graphics and external monitors, and a modular design similar to that of the IBM PC. It had an internal hard drive and a power supply with a fan, which was initially fairly loud. One third-party developer sold a device to regulate fan speed based on a heat sensor, but it voided the warranty. Later Macintosh computers had quieter power supplies and hard drives.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Whose technology did Apple take advantage of when introducing the Macintosh II?
A: Motorola', '
Q: What powered the Macintosh II?
A: a 16 MHz Motorola 68020 processor', '
Q: How much did the Macintosh II sell for?
A: $5500', '
Q: What marked the start of a new direction for Macintosh?
A: The Macintosh II', "
Q: What was the Macintosh II's new modular design similar to?
A: the IBM PC"]
Microsoft Windows 3.0 was released in May 1990, and according to a common saying at the time "Windows was not as good as Macintosh, but it was good enough for the average user". Though still a graphical wrapper that relied upon MS-DOS, 3.0 was the first iteration of Windows which had a feature set and performance comparable to the much more expensive Macintosh platform. It also did not help matters that during the previous year Jean-Louis Gassée had steadfastly refused to lower the profit margins on Mac computers. Finally, there was a component shortage that rocked the exponentially-expanding PC industry in 1989, forcing Apple USA head Allan Loren to cut prices which dropped Apple's margins.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When Microsfot Windows 3.0 was released, what was it commonly said to not be as good as?
A: Macintosh', '
Q: Who was Microsoft Windows 3.0 commonly said to be good enough for?
A: the average user', "
Q: What was responsible for the drop in Apple's margins in 1989?
A: a component shortage", '
Q: Who made the decision in 1989 to cut prices on Mac computers?
A: Apple USA head Allan Loren', "
Q: What was Microsoft Windows 3.0's performance comparable to?
A: Macintosh platform"]
Intel had tried unsuccessfully to push Apple to migrate the Macintosh platform to Intel chips. Apple concluded that Intel's CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) architecture ultimately would not be able to compete against RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) processors. While the Motorola 68040 offered the same features as the Intel 80486 and could on a clock-for-clock basis significantly outperform the Intel chip, the 486 had the ability to be clocked significantly faster without suffering from overheating problems, especially the clock-doubled i486DX2 which ran the CPU logic at twice the external bus speed, giving such equipped IBM compatible systems a significant performance lead over their Macintosh equivalents. Apple's product design and engineering didn't help matters as they restricted the use of the '040 to their expensive Quadras for a time while the 486 was readily available to OEMs as well as enthusiasts who put together their own machines. In late 1991, as the higher-end Macintosh desktop lineup transitioned to the '040, Apple was unable to offer the '040 in their top-of-the-line PowerBooks until early 1994 with the PowerBook 500 series, several years after the first 486-powered IBM compatible laptops hit the market which cost Apple considerable sales. In 1993 Intel rolled out the Pentium processors as the successor to the 486, while the Motorola 68050 was never released, leaving the Macintosh platform a generation behind IBM compatibles in the latest CPU technology. In 1994, Apple abandoned Motorola CPUs for the RISC PowerPC architecture developed by the AIM alliance of Apple Computer, IBM, and Motorola. The Power Macintosh line, the first to use the new chips, proved to be highly successful, with over a million PowerPC units sold in nine months. However, in the long run, spurning Intel for the PowerPC was a mistake as the commoditization of Intel-architecture chips meant Apple couldn't compete on price against "the Dells of the world".

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did Intel unsuccessfully try to push Apple to migrate to?
A: Intel chips', '
Q: Which platform did Apple choose to use?
A: Motorola 68040', '
Q: Who first rolled out Pentium processors in 1993?
A: Intel', '
Q: How far behind was Macintosh set back compared to the new IBM compatibles?
A: a generation', "
Q: When did Apple abandon Motorola CPU's?
A: 1994"]
In 1998, Apple introduced its new iMac which, like the original 128K Mac, was an all-in-one computer. Its translucent plastic case, originally Bondi blue and later various additional colors, is considered an industrial design landmark of the late 1990s. The iMac did away with most of Apple's standard (and usually proprietary) connections, such as SCSI and ADB, in favor of two USB ports. It replaced a floppy disk drive with a CD-ROM drive for installing software, but was incapable of writing to CDs or other media without external third-party hardware. The iMac proved to be phenomenally successful, with 800,000 units sold in 139 days. It made the company an annual profit of US$309 million, Apple's first profitable year since Michael Spindler took over as CEO in 1995. This aesthetic was applied to the Power Macintosh and later the iBook, Apple's first consumer-level laptop computer, filling the missing quadrant of Apple's "four-square product matrix" (desktop and portable products for both consumers and professionals). More than 140,000 pre-orders were placed before it started shipping in September, and by October proved to be a large success.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What color was Apples new iMac, which was introduced in 1998?
A: Bondi blue', "
Q: What did the iMac replace most of Apple's standard connections with?
A: two USB ports", '
Q: What did the iMac replace the floppy disk drive with?
A: a CD-ROM drive', '
Q: What did the iMac need to use in order to write CDs or other media?
A: external third-party hardware', '
Q: How many iMac units sold in the first 139 days?
A: 800,000']
Apple discontinued the use of PowerPC microprocessors in 2006. At WWDC 2005, Steve Jobs announced this transition, revealing that Mac OS X was always developed to run on both the Intel and PowerPC architectures. All new Macs now use x86 processors made by Intel, and some were renamed as a result. Intel-based Macs running OS X 10.6 and below (support has been discontinued since 10.7) can run pre-existing software developed for PowerPC using an emulator called Rosetta, although at noticeably slower speeds than native programs. However, the Classic environment is unavailable on the Intel architecture. Intel chips introduced the potential to run the Microsoft Windows operating system natively on Apple hardware, without emulation software such as Virtual PC. In March 2006, a group of hackers announced that they were able to run Windows XP on an Intel-based Mac. The group released their software as open source and has posted it for download on their website. On April 5, 2006, Apple announced the availability of the public beta of Boot Camp, software that allows owners of Intel-based Macs to install Windows XP on their machines; later versions added support for Windows Vista and Windows 7. Classic was discontinued in Mac OS X 10.5, and Boot Camp became a standard feature on Intel-based Macs.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did Apple discontinue the use of PowerPC microprocessors?
A: 2006', '
Q: Who announced the capability to run Windows XP on an Intel-based Mac in 2006?
A: a group of hackers', '
Q: How did hackers release their software for running Windows on Macs?
A: for download on their website', '
Q: When did Apple announce software that would allow Windows XP to be run on Intel-based Macs?
A: April 5, 2006', '
Q: What is the name of the software that Apple introduced for running Windows XP?
A: Boot Camp']
Apple was initially reluctant to embrace mice with multiple buttons and scroll wheels. Macs did not natively support pointing devices that featured multiple buttons, even from third parties, until Mac OS X arrived in 2001. Apple continued to offer only single button mice, in both wired and Bluetooth wireless versions, until August 2005, when it introduced the Mighty Mouse. While it looked like a traditional one-button mouse, it actually had four buttons and a scroll ball, capable of independent x- and y-axis movement. A Bluetooth version followed in July 2006. In October 2009, Apple introduced the Magic Mouse, which uses multi-touch gesture recognition (similar to that of the iPhone) instead of a physical scroll wheel or ball. It is available only in a wireless configuration, but the wired Mighty Mouse (re-branded as "Apple Mouse") is still available as an alternative. Since 2010, Apple has also offered the Magic Trackpad as a means to control Macintosh desktop computers in a way similar to laptops.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was initially reluctant to embrace mice with multiple buttons and scroll wheels?
A: Apple', '
Q: What was the name of the 1st multiple button mouse introduced by Apple?
A: Mighty Mouse', '
Q: How many buttons did the Mighty Mouse have?
A: four', '
Q: What did Apple introduce to take the place of a physical scroll wheel in 2009?
A: multi-touch gesture recognition', '
Q: What Apple mouse 1st used multi-touch gesture recognition?
A: Magic Mouse']
Following the release of Intel-based Macs, third-party platform virtualization software such as Parallels Desktop, VMware Fusion, and VirtualBox began to emerge. These programs allow users to run Microsoft Windows or previously Windows-only software on Macs at near native speed. Apple also released Boot Camp and Mac-specific Windows drivers that help users to install Windows XP or Vista and natively dual boot between Mac OS X and Windows. Though not condoned by Apple, it is possible to run the Linux operating system using Boot camp or other virtualization workarounds. Unlike most PCs, however, Macs are unable to run many legacy PC operating systems. In particular, Intel-based macs lack the A20 gate.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What type of software began to emerge following the release of Intel-based Macs?
A: third-party platform virtualization', '
Q: At what speed do programs such as VirtualBox allow Microsoft Windows to run on Macs?
A: at near native speed', '
Q: What is possible to run by using Boot camp, even though it is not condoned by Apple?
A: the Linux operating system', '
Q: What do Macs lack that makes them unable to run many legacy PC operating systems?
A: the A20 gate']