romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
In 2002, the Taiwan Solidarity Union, a party with about 10% of the Legislative Yuan seats at the time, suggested making Taiwanese a second official language. This proposal encountered strong opposition not only from Mainlander groups but also from Hakka and Taiwanese aboriginal groups who felt that it would slight their home languages, as well as others including Hoklo who objected to the proposal on logistical grounds and on the grounds that it would increase ethnic tensions. Because of these objections, support for this measure was lukewarm among moderate Taiwan independence supporters, and the proposal did not pass.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How was the proposal taken from mainland and aboriginal groups?
A: This proposal encountered strong opposition', '
Q: What was the fate of the proposal to make Taiwanese the second official language?
A: the proposal did not pass', '
Q: What year was it proposed to make Taiwanese the second official language?
A: 2002', '
Q: Hoklo objected to the proposal because it would increase what tensions?
A: ethnic', '
Q: What party wanted to make Taiwanese a second official language?
A: Taiwan Solidarity Union']
It is classified as a Beta World City, ranking seventh in Latin America and 73rd in the world. Described as a "vibrant, eclectic place with a rich cultural life", and "a thriving tech center and entrepreneurial culture", Montevideo ranks 8th in Latin America on the 2013 MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index. By 2014, is also regarded as the fifth most gay-friendly major city in the world, first in Latin America. It is the hub of commerce and higher education in Uruguay as well as its chief port. The city is also the financial and cultural hub of a larger metropolitan area, with a population of around 2 million.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is Montevideo classified as?
A: a Beta World City', '
Q: What rank did Montevideo hold in Latin America during 2013?
A: 8th', '
Q: Montevideo is the hub of commerce and higher education in what area?
A: Uruguay', '
Q: Montevideo is the chief port of what area?
A: Uruguay', '
Q: What is the population of Montevideo?
A: around 2 million']
A Spanish expedition was sent from Buenos Aires, organized by the Spanish governor of that city, Bruno Mauricio de Zabala. On 22 January 1724, the Spanish forced the Portuguese to abandon the location and started populating the city, initially with six families moving in from Buenos Aires and soon thereafter by families arriving from the Canary Islands who were called by the locals "guanches", "guanchos" or "canarios". There was also one significant early Italian resident by the name of Jorge Burgues.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who organized the Spanish expedition?
A: Bruno Mauricio de Zabala', '
Q: What date did the Spanish force the Portuguese to abandon the location?
A: 22 January 1724', '
Q: Who was one significant early italian resident? 
A: Jorge Burgues']
A few years after its foundation, Montevideo became the main city of the region north of the Río de la Plata and east of the Uruguay River, competing with Buenos Aires for dominance in maritime commerce. The importance of Montevideo as the main port of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata brought it in confrontations with the city of Buenos Aires in various occasions, including several times when it was taken over to be used as a base to defend the eastern province of the Viceroyalty from Portuguese incursions.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What became the main city of the region north of the Rio de la Plata?
A: Montevideo', '
Q: What were Buenos Aires and Montevideo fighting for dominance over?
A: maritime commerce', '
Q: The importance of Montevideo as the main port of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata brought confrontations with what city?
A: Buenos Aires']
On 3 February 1807, British troops under the command of General Samuel Auchmuty and Admiral Charles Stirling occupied the city during the Battle of Montevideo (1807), but it was recaptured by the Spanish in the same year on 2 September when John Whitelocke was forced to surrender to troops formed by forces of the Banda Oriental—roughly the same area as modern Uruguay—and of Buenos Aires. After this conflict, the governor of Montevideo Francisco Javier de Elío opposed the new viceroy Santiago de Liniers, and created a government Junta when the Peninsular War started in Spain, in defiance of Liniers. Elío disestablished the Junta when Liniers was replaced by Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did British troops occupy the city of Montevideo?
A: 3 February 1807', '
Q: When did the Spanish recapture the city of Montevideo?
A: 2 September', '
Q: Who was forced to surrender to troops formed by forces of the Banda Oriental? 
A: John Whitelocke', '
Q: Who replaced Liniers?
A: Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros']
During the May Revolution of 1810 and the subsequent uprising of the provinces of Rio de la Plata, the Spanish colonial government moved to Montevideo. During that year and the next, Uruguayan revolutionary José Gervasio Artigas united with others from Buenos Aires against Spain. In 1811, the forces deployed by the Junta Grande of Buenos Aires and the gaucho forces led by Artigas started a siege of Montevideo, which had refused to obey the directives of the new authorities of the May Revolution. The siege was lifted at the end of that year, when the military situation started deteriorating in the Upper Peru region.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: After the Revolution of 1810 there was a subsequent uprising of what provinces? 
A: Rio de la Plata', '
Q: Where did the spanish colonial government move to after the uprising of the provinces of Rio de la Plata?
A: Montevideo', '
Q: Who was the Uruguayan revolutionary that united with others from Buenos Aires?
A: José Gervasio Artigas']
The Spanish governor was expelled in 1814. In 1816, Portugal invaded the recently liberated territory and in 1821, it was annexed to the Banda Oriental of Brazil. Juan Antonio Lavalleja and his band called the Treinta y Tres Orientales ("Thirty-Three Orientals") re-established the independence of the region in 1825. Uruguay was consolidated as an independent state in 1828, with Montevideo as the nation's capital. In 1829, the demolition of the city's fortifications began and plans were made for an extension beyond the Ciudad Vieja, referred to as the "Ciudad Nueva" ("new city"). Urban expansion, however, moved very slowly because of the events that followed.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year was the Spanish governor expelled?
A: 1814', '
Q: What year did Portugal invade the recently liberated territory?
A: 1816', "
Q: What was Juan Antonio Lavalleja's band caled? 
A: Treinta y Tres Orientales", '
Q: What year was Uruguay consolidated as an independent state?
A: 1828']
Uruguay's 1830s were dominated by the confrontation between Manuel Oribe and Fructuoso Rivera, the two revolutionary leaders who had fought against the Empire of Brazil under the command of Lavalleja, each of whom had become the caudillo of their respective faction. Politics were divided between Oribe's Blancos ("whites"), represented by the National Party, and Rivera's Colorados ("reds"), represented by the Colorado Party, with each party's name taken from the colour of its emblems. In 1838, Oribe was forced to resign the presidency; he established a rebel army and began a long civil war, the Guerra Grande, which lasted until 1851.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Manuel Oribe and Fructuoso Rivera fought against what empire?
A: Empire of Brazil', '
Q: Manuel Oribe and Fructuoso Rivera fought under whose command?
A: Lavalleja', "
Q: Who represented Oribe's Blancos?
A: National Party", "
Q: Who represented Rivera's Colorados?
A: Colorado Party"]
The city of Montevideo suffered a siege of eight years between 1843 and 1851, during which it was supplied by sea with British and French support. Oribe, with the support of the then conservative Governor of Buenos Aires Province Juan Manuel de Rosas, besieged the Colorados in Montevideo, where the latter were supported by the French Legion, the Italian Legion, the Basque Legion and battalions from Brazil. Finally, in 1851, with the additional support of Argentine rebels who opposed Rosas, the Colorados defeated Oribe. The fighting, however, resumed in 1855, when the Blancos came to power, which they maintained until 1865. Thereafter, the Colorado Party regained power, which they retained until past the middle of the 20th century.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did Montevideo suffer between 1843 and 1851?
A: a siege', '
Q: How did the British and French supply the city of Montevideo??
A: by sea', '
Q: What year did the Colorados defeat Oribe?
A: 1851']
After the end of hostilities, a period of growth and expansion started for the city. In 1853 a stagecoach bus line was established joining Montevideo with the newly formed settlement of Unión and the first natural gas street lights were inaugurated.[citation needed] From 1854 to 1861 the first public sanitation facilities were constructed. In 1856 the Teatro Solís was inaugurated, 15 years after the beginning of its construction. By Decree, on December 1861 the areas of Aguada and Cordón were incorporated to the growing Ciudad Nueva (New City). In 1866, an underwater telegraph line connected the city with Buenos Aires. The statue of Peace, La Paz, was erected on a column in Plaza Cagancha and the building of the Postal Service as well as the bridge of Paso Molino were inaugurated in 1867.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year was a stagecoach bus line established in Montevideo?
A: 1853', '
Q: Between what years were the first natural gas street lights constructed?
A: 1854 to 1861', '
Q: What year was the Teatro Solis inaugurated? 
A: 1856', '
Q: What year was an underwater telegraph line made that connected Montevideo with Buenos Aires?
A: 1866']
In 1868, the horse-drawn tram company Compañía de Tranvías al Paso del Molino y Cerro created the first lines connecting Montevideo with Unión, the beach resort of Capurro and the industrialized and economically independent Villa del Cerro, at the time called Cosmopolis. In the same year, the Mercado del Puerto was inaugurated. In 1869, the first railway line of the company Ferrocarril Central del Uruguay was inaugurated connecting Bella Vista with the town of Las Piedras. During the same year and the next, the neighbourhoods Colón, Nuevo París and La Comercial were founded. The famous to our days Sunday market of Tristán Narvaja Street was established in Cordón in 1870. Public water supply was established in 1871. In 1878, Bulevar Circunvalación was constructed, a boulevard starting from Punta Carretas, going up to the north end of the city and then turning west to end at the beach of Capurro. It was renamed to Artigas Boulevard (its current name) in 1885. By Decree, on 8 January 1881, the area Los Pocitos was incorporated to the Novísima Ciudad (Most New City).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year did Compania de Tranvias al Paso del Molino y Cerro creat the first lines connecting Montevideo with Union?
A: 1868', '
Q: What year was Mercado del Puerto inaugurated? 
A: 1868', '
Q: What year was the first railway line of the company Ferrocarril Central del Uruguay inaugurated? 
A: 1869', '
Q: What year was Bulevar Circunvalcion constructed? 
A: 1878']
The first telephone lines were installed in 1882 and electric street lights took the place of the gas operated ones in 1886. The Hipódromo de Maroñas started operating in 1888, and the neighbourhoods of Reus del Sur, Reus del Norte and Conciliación were inaugurated in 1889. The new building of the School of Arts and Trades, as well as Zabala Square in Ciudad Vieja were inaugurated in 1890, followed by the Italian Hospital in 1891. In the same year, the village of Peñarol was founded. Other neighbourhoods that were founded were Belgrano and Belvedere in 1892, Jacinto Vera in 1895 and Trouville in 1897. In 1894 the new port was constructed, and in 1897, the Central Railway Station of Montevideo was inaugurated.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When were the first telephone lines installed?
A: 1882', '
Q: When did electric street lights replace the gas operated lights?
A: 1886', '
Q: When did the Hipodromo de Maronas start operating?
A: 1888', '
Q: When was the Central Railway Station of Montevideo inaugurated? 
A: 1897']
In the early 20th century, many Europeans (particularly Spaniards and Italians but also thousands from Central Europe) immigrated to the city. In 1908, 30% of the city's population of 300,000 was foreign-born. In that decade the city expanded quickly: new neighbourhoods were created and many separate settlements were annexed to the city, among which were the Villa del Cerro, Pocitos, the Prado and Villa Colón. The Rodó Park and the Estadio Gran Parque Central were also established, which served as poles of urban development.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What century did many Europeans immigrate to the city of Montevideo?
A: early 20th century', "
Q: In 1908 what percent of the city's population was foreign-born?
A: 30%", '
Q: The Rodo Park and the Estadio Gran Parque Central serves as poles of what?
A: urban development']
During World War II, a famous incident involving the German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee took place in Punta del Este, 200 kilometers (120 mi) from Montevideo. After the Battle of the River Plate with the Royal Navy and Royal New Zealand Navy on 13 December 1939, the Graf Spee retreated to Montevideo's port, which was considered neutral at the time. To avoid risking the crew in what he thought would be a losing battle, Captain Hans Langsdorff scuttled the ship on 17 December. Langsdorff committed suicide two days later.[citation needed] The eagle figurehead of the Graf Spee was salvaged on 10 February 2006; to protect the feelings of those still sensitive to Nazi Germany, the swastika on the figurehead was covered as it was pulled from the water.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was the Admiral of the German pocket ship?
A: Admiral Graf Spee', '
Q: Where did the famous incident involving the German pocket battleship take place in?
A: Punta del Este', '
Q: When year did the Battle of the River Plate take place?
A: 13 December 1939']
Montevideo is situated on the north shore of the Río de la Plata, the arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates the south coast of Uruguay from the north coast of Argentina; Buenos Aires lies 230 kilometres (140 mi) west on the Argentine side. The Santa Lucía River forms a natural border between Montevideo and San José Department to its west. To the city's north and east is Canelones Department, with the stream of Carrasco forming the eastern natural border. The coastline forming the city's southern border is interspersed with rocky protrusions and sandy beaches. The Bay of Montevideo forms a natural harbour, the nation's largest and one of the largest in the Southern Cone, and the finest natural port in the region, functioning as a crucial component of the Uruguayan economy and foreign trade. Various streams criss-cross the town and empty into the Bay of Montevideo. The coastline and rivers are heavily polluted and of high salinity.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Montevideo is situated on the north shore of what?
A: the Río de la Plata', '
Q: What river forms a natural border between Montevideo and San Jose Department?
A: Santa Lucía River', '
Q: What does the Bay of Montevideo form?
A: a natural harbour']
The city has an average elevation of 43 metres (141 ft). Its highest elevations are two hills: the Cerro de Montevideo and the Cerro de la Victoria, with the highest point, the peak of Cerro de Montevideo, crowned by a fortress, the Fortaleza del Cerro at a height of 134 metres (440 ft). Closest cities by road are Las Piedras to the north and the so-called Ciudad de la Costa (a conglomeration of coastal towns) to the east, both in the range of 20 to 25 kilometres (16 mi) from the city center. The approximate distances to the neighbouring department capitals by road are, 90 kilometres (56 mi) to San Jose de Mayo (San Jose Department) and 46 kilometres (29 mi) to Canelones (Canelones Department).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: The city of Montevideo has an average elevation of what?
A: 43 metres', '
Q: How far is to the neighboring capitol of San Jose de Mayo?
A: 90 kilometres', '
Q: How far is to the neighboring capitol of Canelones?
A: 46 kilometres']
The Municipality of Montevideo was first created by a legal act of 18 December 1908. The municipality's first mayor (1909–1911) was Daniel Muñoz. Municipalities were abolished by the Uruguayan Constitution of 1918, effectively restored during the 1933 military coup of Gabriel Terra, and formally restored by the 1934 Constitution. The 1952 Constitution again decided to abolish the municipalities; it came into effect in February 1955. Municipalities were replaced by departmental councils, which consisted of a collegiate executive board with 7 members from Montevideo and 5 from the interior region. However, municipalities were revived under the 1967 Constitution and have operated continuously since that time.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: The Municipality of Montevideo was first created by a legal act of what?
A: 18 December 1908', "
Q: Who was the municipality's first mayor?
A: Daniel Muñoz", '
Q: Municipalities were abolished by what?
A: Uruguayan Constitution of 1918']
As of 2010[update], the city of Montevideo has been divided into 8 political municipalities (Municipios), referred to with the letters from A to G, including CH, each presided over by a mayor elected by the citizens registered in the constituency. This division, according to the Municipality of Montevideo, "aims to advance political and administrative decentralization in the department of Montevideo, with the aim of deepening the democratic participation of citizens in governance." The head of each Municipio is called an alcalde or (if female) alcaldesa.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many political municipalities has the city of Montevideo been divided into as of 2010?
A: 8', '
Q: What is the head of each Municipio called?
A: an alcalde', '
Q: Who elects the mayor of the political municipalities? 
A: the citizens registered in the constituency']
Of much greater importance is the division of the city into 62 barrios: neighbourhoods or wards. Many of the city's barrios—such as Sayago, Ituzaingó and Pocitos—were previously geographically separate settlements, later absorbed by the growth of the city. Others grew up around certain industrial sites, including the salt-curing works of Villa del Cerro and the tanneries in Nuevo París. Each barrio has its own identity, geographic location and socio-cultural activities. A neighbourhood of great significance is Ciudad Vieja, that was surrounded by a protective wall until 1829. This area contains most important buildings of the colonial era and early decades of independence.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What had many of the city's barrios previously been?
A: geographically separate settlements", '
Q: What is a neighborhood of great significance? 
A: Ciudad Vieja', '
Q: What surrounded the neighborhood of Ciudad Vieja?
A: a protective wall']
In 1860, Montevideo had 57,913 inhabitants including a number of people of African origin who had been brought as slaves and had gained their freedom around the middle of the century. By 1880, the population had quadrupled, mainly because of the great European immigration. In 1908, its population had grown massively to 309,331 inhabitants. In the course of the 20th century the city continued to receive large numbers of European immigrants, especially Spanish and Italian, followed by French, Germans or Dutch, English or Irish, Polish, Greek, Hungarians, Russians, Croats, Lebanese, Armenians, and Jews of various origins. The last wave of immigrants occurred between 1945 and 1955.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many inhabitants did Montevideo have in 1860?
A: 57,913', '
Q: The population quadrupled by 1880 due mainly to what?
A: the great European immigration', '
Q: What happened to the population by the year 1880?
A: had quadrupled', '
Q: What had the population grown to in 1908?
A: 309,331 inhabitants']
According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, Montevideo had a population of 1,325,968 persons, compared to Uruguay's total population of 3,241,003. The female population was 707,697 (53.4%) while the male population accounted for 618,271 (46.6%). The population had declined since the previous census carried out in 1996, with an average annual growth rate of −1.5 per thousand. Continual decline has been documented since the census period of 1975–1985, which showed a rate of −5.6 per thousand. The decrease is due in large part to lowered fertility, partly offset by mortality, and to a smaller degree in migration. The birth rate declined by 19% from 1996 (17 per thousand) to 2004 (13.8 per thousand). Similarly, the total fertility rate (TFR) declined from 2.24 in 1996 to 1.79 in 2004. However, mortality continued to fall with life expectancy at birth for both sexes increasing by 1.73 years.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, what was Montevideo's population?
A: 1,325,968 persons", "
Q: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, what was Uruguay's population?
A: 3,241,003", "
Q: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, what was Montevideo's female population?
A: 707,697", "
Q: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, what was Montevideo's male population?
A: 618,271"]
As the capital of Uruguay, Montevideo is the economic and political centre of the country. Most of the largest and wealthiest businesses in Uruguay have their headquarters in the city. Since the 1990s the city has undergone rapid economic development and modernization, including two of Uruguay's most important buildings—the World Trade Center Montevideo (1998), and Telecommunications Tower (2000), the headquarters of Uruguay's government-owned telecommunications company ANTEL, increasing the city's integration into the global marketplace.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the economic and political centre of the country?
A: Montevideo', '
Q: What year was the World Trade Center Montevideo constructed?
A: 1998', '
Q: What year was the Telecommunications Tower constructed?
A: (2000']
The most important state-owned companies headquartered in Montevideo are: AFE (railways), ANCAP (Energy), Administracion Nacional de Puertos (Ports), ANTEL (telecommunications), BHU (savings and loan), BROU (bank), BSE (insurance), OSE (water & sewage), UTE (electricity). These companies operate under public law, using a legal entity defined in the Uruguayan Constitution called Ente Autonomo ("autonomous entity"). The government also owns part of other companies operating under private law, such as those owned wholly or partially by the CND (National Development Corporation).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What kind of company does ANCAP run?
A: Energy', '
Q: What kind of company does ANTEL run?
A: telecommunications']
Banking has traditionally been one of the strongest service export sectors in Uruguay: the country was once dubbed "the Switzerland of America", mainly for its banking sector and stability, although that stability has been threatened in the 21st century by the recent global economic climate. The largest bank in Uruguay is Banco Republica (BROU), based in Montevideo. Almost 20 private banks, most of them branches of international banks, operate in the country (Banco Santander, ABN AMRO, Citibank, Lloyds TSB, among others). There are also a myriad of brokers and financial-services bureaus, among them Ficus Capital, Galfin Sociedad de Bolsa, Europa Sociedad de Bolsa, Darío Cukier, GBU, Hordeñana & Asociados Sociedad de Bolsa, etc.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What has traditionally been the strongest service export sectors in Uruguay?
A: Banking', '
Q: Uruguay was once dubbed as what?
A: the Switzerland of America', '
Q: What is the largest bank in Uruguay? 
A: Banco Republica', '
Q: Where is Banco Republica based in?
A: Montevideo']