romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Railway connections play a somewhat lesser role in Greece than in many other European countries, but they too have also been expanded, with new suburban/commuter rail connections, serviced by Proastiakos around Athens, towards its airport, Kiato and Chalkida; around Thessaloniki, towards the cities of Larissa and Edessa; and around Patras. A modern intercity rail connection between Athens and Thessaloniki has also been established, while an upgrade to double lines in many parts of the 2,500 km (1,600 mi) network is underway. International railway lines connect Greek cities with the rest of Europe, the Balkans and Turkey.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How long is the Greek railway system?
A: 1,600 mi', '
Q: A current railway upgrade plans to do what?
A: double lines', '
Q: A new modern rail connection has been made between which two cities?
A: Athens and Thessaloniki']
Internet cafés that provide net access, office applications and multiplayer gaming are also a common sight in the country, while mobile internet on 3G and 4G- LTE cellphone networks and Wi-Fi connections can be found almost everywhere. 3G/4G mobile internet usage has been on a sharp increase in recent years, with a 340% increase between August 2011 and August 2012. The United Nations International Telecommunication Union ranks Greece among the top 30 countries with a highly developed information and communications infrastructure.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In recent years, what usage has risen dramatically?
A: 3G/4G mobile internet', '
Q: How much did internet usage increase in one year?
A: 340%', '
Q: Where does Greece rank in the work with communications?
A: among the top 30 countries']
Greece's technology parks with incubator facilities include the Science and Technology Park of Crete (Heraklion), the Thessaloniki Technology Park, the Lavrio Technology Park and the Patras Science Park, the Science and Technology Park of Epirus (Ioannina). Greece has been a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) since 2005. Cooperation between ESA and the Hellenic National Space Committee began in the early 1990s. In 1994 Greece and ESA signed their first cooperation agreement. Having formally applied for full membership in 2003, Greece became the ESA's sixteenth member on 16 March 2005. As member of the ESA, Greece participates in the agency's telecommunication and technology activities, and the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security Initiative.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Greece has been a member of what agency since 2005?
A: European Space Agency (ESA)', '
Q: Greece and ESA signed their first agreement in what year?
A: 1994', '
Q: When did /Greece apply for ESA membership?
A: 2003', '
Q: Greece is ranked as what member of ESA?
A: sixteenth', '
Q: Greece became a full ESA member when?
A: 16 March 2005']
Notable Greek scientists of modern times include Dimitrios Galanos, Georgios Papanikolaou (inventor of the Pap test), Nicholas Negroponte, Constantin Carathéodory (known for the Carathéodory theorems and Carathéodory conjecture), Manolis Andronikos (discovered the tomb of Philip II of Macedon in Vergina), Michael Dertouzos, John Argyris, Panagiotis Kondylis, John Iliopoulos (2007 Dirac Prize for his contributions on the physics of the charm quark, a major contribution to the birth of the Standard Model, the modern theory of Elementary Particles), Joseph Sifakis (2007 Turing Award, the "Nobel Prize" of Computer Science), Christos Papadimitriou (2002 Knuth Prize, 2012 Gödel Prize), Mihalis Yannakakis (2005 Knuth Prize), Dimitri Nanopoulos and Helene Ahrweiler.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What Greek scientist invented the Pap test?
A: Georgios Papanikolaou', '
Q: Who found the tomb of Philip II of Macedon?
A: Manolis Andronikos', '
Q: What Greek won the 2007 Turing award?
A: Joseph Sifakis', '
Q: What Greek won the 2002 Knuth prize?
A: Christos Papadimitriou', '
Q: What Greek won the 2005 Knuth prize?
A: Mihalis Yannakakis']
Estimates of the recognized Greek Muslim minority, which is mostly located in Thrace, range from 98,000 to 140,000, (about 1%) while the immigrant Muslim community numbers between 200,000 and 300,000. Albanian immigrants to Greece are usually associated with the Muslim religion, although most are secular in orientation. Following the 1919–1922 Greco-Turkish War and the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne, Greece and Turkey agreed to a population transfer based on cultural and religious identity. About 500,000 Muslims from Greece, predominantly those defined as Turks, but also Greek Muslims like the Vallahades of western Macedonia, were exchanged with approximately 1,500,000 Greeks from Turkey. However, many refugees who settled in former Ottoman Muslim villages in Central Macedonia and were defined as Christian Orthodox Caucasus Greeks arrived from the former Russian Transcaucasus province of Kars Oblast after it had been retroceded to Turkey but in the few years before the official population exchange.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the religious minority in Greece?
A: Muslim', '
Q: The Muslim minority is mostly located in what city?
A: Thrace', '
Q: Immigrants from Albania are usually what religion?
A: Muslim', '
Q: Greek Muslims were in a population exchange with what country?
A: Turkey']
Greek citizens who are Roman Catholic are estimated to be at around 50,000 with the Roman Catholic immigrant community in the country approximately 200,000. Old Calendarists account for 500,000 followers. Protestants, including Greek Evangelical Church and Free Evangelical Churches, stand at about 30,000. Assemblies of God, International Church of the Foursquare Gospel and other Pentecostal churches of the Greek Synod of Apostolic Church have 12,000 members. Independent Free Apostolic Church of Pentecost is the biggest Protestant denomination in Greece with 120 churches. There are not official statistics about Free Apostolic Church of Pentecost, but the Orthodox Church estimates the followers as 20,000. The Jehovah's Witnesses report having 28,874 active members. In recent years there has been a small-scale revival of the ancient Greek religion, with estimates of 2,000 people active practitioners, and 100,000 "sympathisers".

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many Greek natural citizens are Catholic?
A: 50,000', '
Q: How many Roman Catholic immigrants are in Greece?
A: 200,000', '
Q: How many Protestants live in Greece? 
A: 30,000', '
Q: How many churches does the biggest Protestant denomination have?
A: 120', "
Q: How many Jehovah's Witnesses are in Greece?
A: 28,874"]
During the 19th and 20th centuries there was a major dispute known as the Greek language question, on whether the official language of Greece should be the archaic Katharevousa, created in the 19th century and used as the state and scholarly language, or the Dimotiki, the form of the Greek language which evolved naturally from Byzantine Greek and was the language of the people. The dispute was finally resolved in 1976, when Dimotiki was made the only official variation of the Greek language, and Katharevousa fell to disuse.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did the Greek Language dispute take place?
A: During the 19th and 20th centuries', '
Q: When was the Greek language Katharevousa created?
A: the 19th century', '
Q: Which language was considered the language of the people?
A: Dimotiki', '
Q: What language was made the only official variation in 1976?
A: Dimotiki', '
Q: From which language did Dimotiki evolve?
A: Byzantine Greek']
Greece is today relatively homogeneous in linguistic terms, with a large majority of the native population using Greek as their first or only language. Among the Greek-speaking population, speakers of the distinctive Pontic dialect came to Greece from Asia Minor after the Greek genocide and constitute a sizable group. The Cappadocian dialect came to Greece due to the genocide as well, but is endangered and is barely spoken now. Indigenous Greek dialects include the archaic Greek spoken by the Sarakatsani, traditionally transhument mountain shepherds of Greek Macedonia and other parts of Northern Greece. The Tsakonian language, a distinct Greek language deriving from Doric Greek instead of Ionic Greek, is still spoken in some villages in the southeastern Peloponnese.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the language spoken by most Greeks?
A: Greek', '
Q: Greeks who speak the Pontic dialect came from where?
A: Asia Minor', '
Q: Which Greek dialect is barely spoken currently?
A: Cappadocian', '
Q: From which language did the Tsakonian language derive? 
A: Doric Greek']
The Muslim minority in Thrace, which amounts to approximately 0.95% of the total population, consists of speakers of Turkish, Bulgarian (Pomaks) and Romani. Romani is also spoken by Christian Roma in other parts of the country. Further minority languages have traditionally been spoken by regional population groups in various parts of the country. Their use has decreased radically in the course of the 20th century through assimilation with the Greek-speaking majority. Today they are only maintained by the older generations and are on the verge of extinction. This goes for the Arvanites, an Albanian-speaking group mostly located in the rural areas around the capital Athens, and for the Aromanians and Moglenites, also known as Vlachs, whose language is closely related to Romanian and who used to live scattered across several areas of mountainous central Greece. Members of these groups ethnically identify as Greeks and are today all at least bilingual in Greek.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Muslims make up how much of the Greek population?
A: 0.95%', '
Q: Minority languages have been reduce due to what?
A: assimilation with the Greek-speaking majority', '
Q: In parts of the country, Romani is spoken by who?
A: Christian Roma', '
Q: What groups are called Vlachs?
A: Aromanians and Moglenites']
Near the northern Greek borders there are also some Slavic–speaking groups, locally known as Slavomacedonian-speaking, most of whose members identify ethnically as Greeks. Their dialects can be linguistically classified as forms of either Macedonian Slavic or Bulgarian. It is estimated that after the population exchanges of 1923, Macedonia had 200,000 to 400,000 Slavic speakers. The Jewish community in Greece traditionally spoke Ladino (Judeo-Spanish), today maintained only by a few thousand speakers. Other notable minority languages include Armenian, Georgian, and the Greco-Turkic dialect spoken by the Urums, a community of Caucasus Greeks from the Tsalka region of central Georgia and ethnic Greeks from southeastern Ukraine who arrived in mainly Northern Greece as economic migrants in the 1990s.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where are Slavic speaking groups generally found?
A: northern Greek borders', '
Q: Macedonia has how many Slavic speakers?
A: 200,000 to 400,000', "
Q: Greece's Jewish community spoke what language traditionally?
A: Ladino", '
Q: The Urums are known to speak what dialect?
A: Greco-Turkic']
A study from the Mediterranean Migration Observatory maintains that the 2001 census recorded 762,191 persons residing in Greece without Greek citizenship, constituting around 7% of total population. Of the non-citizen residents, 48,560 were EU or European Free Trade Association nationals and 17,426 were Cypriots with privileged status. The majority come from Eastern European countries: Albania (56%), Bulgaria (5%) and Romania (3%), while migrants from the former Soviet Union (Georgia, Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, etc.) comprise 10% of the total. Some of the immigrants from Albania are from the Greek minority in Albania centred on the region of Northern Epirus. In addition the total Albanian national population which includes temporary migrants and undocumented persons is around 600,000.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In 2001, how many Greek residents were not citizens?
A: 762,191', '
Q: In 2001, what was the population percentage of resident non-citizens?
A: 7%', '
Q: From where did most non-citizen residents come? 
A: Eastern European countries', '
Q: What is the total Albanian population in Greece?
A: 600,000']
Greece, together with Italy and Spain, is a major entry point for illegal immigrants trying to enter the EU. Illegal immigrants entering Greece mostly do so from the border with Turkey at the Evros River and the islands of the eastern Aegean across from Turkey (mainly Lesbos, Chios, Kos, and Samos). In 2012, the majority of illegal immigrants entering Greece came from Afghanistan, followed by Pakistanis and Bangladeshis. In 2015, arrivals of refugees by sea have increased dramatically mainly due to the ongoing Syrian civil war. There were 856,723 arrivals by sea in Greece, an almost fivefold increase to the same period of 2014, of which the Syrians represent almost 45%. An estimated 8% of the arrivals applied for asylum in Greece.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Greece is a major destination for what to enter?
A: illegal immigrants', '
Q: In 2012, most illegal immigrants entered Greece from where?
A: Afghanistan', '
Q: Immigrants arriving by sea are coming mainly for what reason?
A: Syrian civil war', '
Q: How many immigrants arrived by sea in 2015?
A: 856,723', '
Q: What percentage of sea immigrants asked for asylum in Greece?
A: 8%']
Greeks have a long tradition of valuing and investing in paideia (education). Paideia was one of the highest societal values in the Greek and Hellenistic world while the first European institution described as a university was founded in 5th century Constantinople and operated in various incarnations until the city's fall to the Ottomans in 1453. The University of Constantinople was Christian Europe's first secular institution of higher learning since no theological subjects were taught, and considering the original meaning of the world university as a corporation of students, the world’s first university as well.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Paideia is also known as what?
A: education', '
Q: The first European university was created in what city?
A: Constantinople', '
Q: When was Constantinople taken over by the Ottoman?
A: 1453']
Greece's post-compulsory secondary education consists of two school types: unified upper secondary schools (Γενικό Λύκειο, Genikό Lykeiό) and technical–vocational educational schools (Τεχνικά και Επαγγελματικά Εκπαιδευτήρια, "TEE"). Post-compulsory secondary education also includes vocational training institutes (Ινστιτούτα Επαγγελματικής Κατάρτισης, "IEK") which provide a formal but unclassified level of education. As they can accept both Gymnasio (lower secondary school) and Lykeio (upper secondary school) graduates, these institutes are not classified as offering a particular level of education.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Greece's secondary education has how many school types?
A: two", "
Q: What is one type of Greece's secondary education?
A: unified upper secondary schools", '
Q: What type of institute does secondary education also include?
A: vocational training', '
Q: What type of education do vocational institutes provide?
A: formal but unclassified']
According to the Framework Law (3549/2007), Public higher education "Highest Educational Institutions" (Ανώτατα Εκπαιδευτικά Ιδρύματα, Anótata Ekpaideytiká Idrýmata, "ΑΕΙ") consists of two parallel sectors:the University sector (Universities, Polytechnics, Fine Arts Schools, the Open University) and the Technological sector (Technological Education Institutions (TEI) and the School of Pedagogic and Technological Education). There are also State Non-University Tertiary Institutes offering vocationally oriented courses of shorter duration (2 to 3 years) which operate under the authority of other Ministries. Students are admitted to these Institutes according to their performance at national level examinations taking place after completion of the third grade of Lykeio. Additionally, students over twenty-two years old may be admitted to the Hellenic Open University through a form of lottery. The Capodistrian University of Athens is the oldest university in the eastern Mediterranean.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is one of the education sectors according to the Framework Law?
A: University sector', '
Q: How long do the Tertiary institute courses last?
A: 2 to 3 years', '
Q: Examinations for Tertiary institutes are given at what grade level?
A: third grade', '
Q: At what age may students be admitted to Hellenic university through lottery?
A: over twenty-two years old', '
Q: What is the oldest university in the eastern Mediterranean? 
A: The Capodistrian University of Athens']
Greece has universal health care. In a 2000 World Health Organization report, its health care system ranked 14th in overall performance of 191 countries surveyed. In a 2013 Save the Children report, Greece was ranked the 19th best country (out of 176 countries surveyed) for the state of mothers and newborn babies. In 2010, there were 138 hospitals with 31,000 beds in the country, but on 1 July 2011, the Ministry for Health and Social Solidarity announced its plans to decrease the number to 77 hospitals with 36,035 beds, as a necessary reform to reduce expenses and further enhance healthcare standards.[disputed – discuss] Greece's healthcare expenditures as a percentage of GDP were 9.6% in 2007 according to a 2011 OECD report, just above the OECD average of 9.5%. The country has the largest number of doctors-to-population ratio of any OECD country.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What kind of health care exists in Greece?
A: universal health care', "
Q: Where does Greece's health care system rank out of 191 countries surveyed?
A: 14th", '
Q: What rank does Greece hold for the condition of mothers and new born babies?
A: 19th', '
Q: In 2010, how many hospitals were there in Greece?
A: 138', '
Q: In 2011, plans were made to decrease hospitals to how many?
A: 77']
The culture of Greece has evolved over thousands of years, beginning in Mycenaean Greece and continuing most notably into Classical Greece, through the influence of the Roman Empire and its Greek Eastern continuation, the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire. Other cultures and nations, such as the Latin and Frankish states, the Ottoman Empire, the Venetian Republic, the Genoese Republic, and the British Empire have also left their influence on modern Greek culture, although historians credit the Greek War of Independence with revitalising Greece and giving birth to a single, cohesive entity of its multi-faceted culture.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where did Greece culture begin?
A: Mycenaean Greece', '
Q: What do historians credit with revitalizing Greek culture?
A: Greek War of Independence', '
Q: The evolution of Grecian culture has evolved over what time period?
A: thousands of years']
In ancient times, Greece was the birthplace of Western culture. Modern democracies owe a debt to Greek beliefs in government by the people, trial by jury, and equality under the law. The ancient Greeks pioneered in many fields that rely on systematic thought, including biology, geometry, history, philosophy, physics and mathematics. They introduced such important literary forms as epic and lyric poetry, history, tragedy, and comedy. In their pursuit of order and proportion, the Greeks created an ideal of beauty that strongly influenced Western art.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Greeks were pioneers in many scientific fields that require what?
A: systematic thought', "
Q: What did Greece's political philosophy affect?
A: Modern democracies", '
Q: Ancient Greece was the birthplace of what?
A: Western culture']
The modern Greek theatre was born after the Greek independence, in the early 19th century, and initially was influenced by the Heptanesean theatre and melodrama, such as the Italian opera. The Nobile Teatro di San Giacomo di Corfù was the first theatre and opera house of modern Greece and the place where the first Greek opera, Spyridon Xyndas' The Parliamentary Candidate (based on an exclusively Greek libretto) was performed. During the late 19th and early 20th century, the Athenian theatre scene was dominated by revues, musical comedies, operettas and nocturnes and notable playwrights included Spyridon Samaras, Dionysios Lavrangas, Theophrastos Sakellaridis and others.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Modern Greek theater began when?
A: early 19th century', '
Q: Modern Greek theater was influenced by what?
A: Heptanesean theatre and melodrama', '
Q: What was the first theater of modern Greece?
A: Nobile Teatro di San Giacomo di Corfù', '
Q: What was the first Greek opera?
A: The Parliamentary Candidate', '
Q: Who created the first opera, The Parliamentary Candidate? 
A: Spyridon Xyndas']
Aristotle of Stagira, the most important disciple of Plato, shared with his teacher the title of the greatest philosopher of antiquity. But while Plato had sought to elucidate and explain things from the supra-sensual standpoint of the forms, his pupil preferred to start from the facts given us by experience. Except from these three most significant Greek philosophers other known schools of Greek philosophy from other founders during ancient times were Stoicism, Epicureanism, Skepticism and Neoplatonism.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which disciple of Plato was considered the most important?
A: Aristotle of Stagira', "
Q: Plato's philosophy attempted to explain life from what standpoint?
A: the supra-sensual", "
Q: Aristotle's philosophy was based from what standpoint? 
A: experience", '
Q: What is the name of two schools of philosophy?
A: Skepticism and Neoplatonism']
At the beginning of Greek literature stand the two monumental works of Homer: the Iliad and the Odyssey. Though dates of composition vary, these works were fixed around 800 BC or after. In the classical period many of the genres of western literature became more prominent. Lyrical poetry, odes, pastorals, elegies, epigrams; dramatic presentations of comedy and tragedy; historiography, rhetorical treatises, philosophical dialectics, and philosophical treatises all arose in this period. The two major lyrical poets were Sappho and Pindar. The Classical era also saw the dawn of drama.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are two works by Homer?
A: Iliad and the Odyssey', '
Q: During what time period did Homer write the Iliad and the Odyssey?
A: 800 BC', '
Q: Who were two major lyrical poets?
A: Sappho and Pindar', '
Q: When did drama first begin in history?
A: Classical era']
Cinema first appeared in Greece in 1896 but the first actual cine-theatre was opened in 1907. In 1914 the Asty Films Company was founded and the production of long films began. Golfo (Γκόλφω), a well known traditional love story, is considered the first Greek feature film, although there were several minor productions such as newscasts before this. In 1931 Orestis Laskos directed Daphnis and Chloe (Δάφνις και Χλόη), containing the first nude scene in the history of European cinema; it was also the first Greek movie which was played abroad. In 1944 Katina Paxinou was honoured with the Best Supporting Actress Academy Award for For Whom the Bell Tolls.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year did cinema first appear in Greece?
A: 1896', '
Q: In what year did the first cinema theater open in Greece?
A: 1907', '
Q: In 1914 what was the name of the film company that was founded?
A: Asty Films', '
Q: What was the first Greek feature film?
A: Golfo', '
Q: Who directed the first nude scene in Greek film history?
A: Orestis Laskos']