romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
New Haven was home to one of the important early events in the burgeoning anti-slavery movement when, in 1839, the trial of mutineering Mende tribesmen being transported as slaves on the Spanish slaveship Amistad was held in New Haven's United States District Court. There is a statue of Joseph Cinqué, the informal leader of the slaves, beside City Hall. See "Museums" below for more information. Abraham Lincoln delivered a speech on slavery in New Haven in 1860, shortly before he secured the Republican nomination for President.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year did an important trial take place which situated New Haven among the forefront of the growing anti-slavery movement?
A: 1839', '
Q: What tribesman were being transported  as slaves on a ship by the Spanish?
A: Mende', '
Q: What was the name of the Spanish slave ship used to transport the Mende tribesmen?
A: Amistad', '
Q: Who was the informal leader of the slaves to whom there is a statue dedicated beside City Hall in New Haven?
A: Joseph Cinqué', '
Q: In 1860, what notable U.S. president gave a speech on slavery in New Haven?
A: Abraham Lincoln', '
Q: Who was the leader of slaves during the New Haven anti slavery movement in 1839
A: Joseph Cinqué', '
Q: What famous president made a speech in New Haven in 1860?
A: Abraham Lincoln', '
Q: Exactly who were the slaves upon the Spanish slaveship?
A: Mende tribesmen', '
Q: What is the name of the slaveship that once sit in New Haven Harbor?
A: Amistad']
The American Civil War boosted the local economy with wartime purchases of industrial goods, including that of the New Haven Arms Company, which would later become the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. (Winchester would continue to produce arms in New Haven until 2006, and many of the buildings that were a part of the Winchester plant are now a part of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company Historic District.) After the war, population grew and doubled by the start of the 20th century, most notably due to the influx of immigrants from southern Europe, particularly Italy. Today, roughly half the populations of East Haven, West Haven, and North Haven are Italian-American. Jewish immigration to New Haven has left an enduring mark on the city. Westville was the center of Jewish life in New Haven, though today many have fanned out to suburban communities such as Woodbridge and Cheshire.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What major war stimulated the New Haven economy by way of industrial goods purchased through the New Haven Arms Company?
A: American Civil War', '
Q: What was the New Haven Arms Company later renamed?
A: Winchester Repeating Arms Company', '
Q: The increase in immigrants from what country in southern Europe had a notable impact on the population growth in New Haven in the early 20th century?
A: Italy', '
Q: What ethnic group currently comprises approximately half the population of East Haven, West Haven and North Haven?
A: Italian-American', '
Q: What area of New Haven was known for being the center of the Jewish community?
A: Westville', '
Q: What was the original name of the famous rifle manufacturing companies in New Haven?
A: New Haven Arms Company', '
Q: In modern day New Haven who makes up for majority of the demographics in terms of ethnicity?
A: Italian-American', '
Q: The Civil War had many effects after the war, what was the main effect for New Haven?
A: population grew and doubled']
In 1954, then-mayor Richard C. Lee began some of the earliest major urban renewal projects in the United States. Certain sections of downtown New Haven were redeveloped to include museums, new office towers, a hotel, and large shopping complexes. Other parts of the city were affected by the construction of Interstate 95 along the Long Wharf section, Interstate 91, and the Oak Street Connector. The Oak Street Connector (Route 34), running between Interstate 95, downtown, and The Hill neighborhood, was originally intended as a highway to the city's western suburbs but was only completed as a highway to the downtown area, with the area to the west becoming a boulevard (See "Redevelopment" below).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What New Haven mayor is responsible for projects that placed the city among the forefront of urban renewal in the U.S. circa 1954? 
A: Richard C. Lee', '
Q: What major U.S. interstate runs along the Long Wharf section of New Haven?
A: Interstate 95', '
Q: What New Haven thoroughfare runs between Interstate 95, downtown, and the neighborhood known as The Hill?
A: The Oak Street Connector', "
Q: What area of New Haven was Route 34 originally intended to service?
A: the city's western suburbs", '
Q: What did the western portion of Route 34 ultimately become?
A: a boulevard', '
Q: What was the name of the mayor that lead the urban development project in New Haven 1954?
A: Richard C. Lee', '
Q: What was of the major urban development that affected several New Haven neighborhood?
A: construction of Interstate 95', '
Q: During this redevelopment process what happen to the West part of Route 34?
A: becoming a boulevard']
Since approximately 2000, many parts of downtown New Haven have been revitalized, with new restaurants, nightlife, and small retail stores. In particular, the area surrounding the New Haven Green has experienced an influx of apartments and condominiums. In recent years, downtown retail options have increased with the opening of new stores such as Urban Oufitters, J Crew, Origins, American Apparel, Gant Clothing, and an Apple Store, joining older stores such as Barnes & Noble, Cutlers Records, and Raggs Clothing. In addition, downtown's growing residential population will be served by two new supermarkets, a Stop & Shop just outside downtown and Elm City Market located one block from the Green. The recent turnaround of downtown New Haven has received positive press from various periodicals.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In approximately what year did revitalization most recently begin to occur in downtown New Haven?
A: 2000', '
Q: What specific area of downtown New Haven enjoyed a notable increase in apartments in condominiums at the beginning of the current century?
A: the area surrounding the New Haven Green', '
Q: What specific service sector has substantially increased in downtown New Haven in recent years?
A: retail', '
Q: In addition to Stop & Shop, what new supermarket is located one block from the Green and is poised to serve the growing downtown population?
A: Elm City Market', '
Q: In the 21st Century what has happen to most of Downtown New Haven in terms of retail?
A: the opening of new stores', '
Q: How has the media perceive most of these changes to the Downtown area?
A: positive press from various periodicals.', '
Q: What has happen in New Haven Green during the 2000s?
A: experienced an influx of apartments', '
Q: Including to the growth, what market chain have expanded nearby Downtown New Haven?
A: Stop & Shop']
Major projects include the current construction of a new campus for Gateway Community College downtown, and also a 32-story, 500-unit apartment/retail building called 360 State Street. The 360 State Street project is now occupied and is the largest residential building in Connecticut. A new boathouse and dock is planned for New Haven Harbor, and the linear park Farmington Canal Trail is set to extend into downtown New Haven within the coming year. Additionally, foundation and ramp work to widen I-95 to create a new harbor crossing for New Haven, with an extradosed bridge to replace the 1950s-era Q Bridge, has begun. The city still hopes to redevelop the site of the New Haven Coliseum, which was demolished in 2007.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What multi-use project in New Haven is the largest residential building in Connecticut?
A: 360 State Street', '
Q: What park is anticipated to extend to downtown New Haven?
A: Farmington Canal Trail', '
Q: For what area are a new boathouse and dock being planned?
A: New Haven Harbor', '
Q: What is the city landmark demolished in 2007 that the city ultimately wish to redevelop?
A: New Haven Coliseum', '
Q: What is the name of building project is taking place in Gateway Community College downtown?
A: 360 State Street.', '
Q: The New Haven Harbor is receiving what kind of adjustment?
A: dock is planned', '
Q: The city of New Haven wants to redevelop/build what sort of structure?
A: New Haven Coliseum', '
Q: In terms of infrastructure, what is being develop in the downtown area?
A: linear park Farmington Canal Trail', '
Q: What type of bridge is replacing the old Q Bridge?
A: an extradosed bridge']
In April 2009, the United States Supreme Court agreed to hear a suit over reverse discrimination brought by 18 white firefighters against the city. The suit involved the 2003 promotion test for the New Haven Fire Department. After the tests were scored, no black firefighters scored high enough to qualify for consideration for promotion, so the city announced that no one would be promoted. In the subsequent Ricci v. DeStefano decision the court found 5-4 that New Haven's decision to ignore the test results violated Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. As a result, a district court subsequently ordered the city to promote 14 of the white firefighters.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year did the U.S. Supreme Court entertain a lawsuit filed by 18 New Haven firefighters against the city of New Haven?
A: 2009', '
Q: What was the distinguishing issue of the lawsuit over which 18 white firefighters in New Haven sought relief from the U.S. Supreme Court?
A: reverse discrimination', '
Q: What was the name of the case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the city of New Haven had violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by denying any firefighter a promotion? 
A: Ricci v. DeStefano', '
Q: In what year did low scores of black firefighters on a promotion test issued by the New Haven Fire Department ultimately halt promotions for all firefighters of any race in the city?
A: 2003', '
Q: How many of the 18 white firefighters received promotions via district court order to the city of New Haven following the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in favor of the petitioning firefighters?
A: 14', '
Q: What was the decision from the 2009 Supreme Court Case?
A: to ignore the test results', '
Q: The Court case was involve between which two parties?
A: firefighters against the city', '
Q: What did the city do after the fail test scores for promotions?
A: no one would be promoted', '
Q: Out of how many of the white fireman got a promotion afterwards?
A: 14 of the white firefighters']
In 2010 and 2011, state and federal funds were awarded to Connecticut (and Massachusetts) to construct the Hartford Line, with a southern terminus at New Haven's Union Station and a northern terminus at Springfield's Union Station. According to the White House, "This corridor [currently] has one train per day connecting communities in Connecticut and Massachusetts to the Northeast Corridor and Vermont. The vision for this corridor is to restore the alignment to its original route via the Knowledge Corridor in western Massachusetts, improving trip time and increasing the population base that can be served." Set for construction in 2013, the "Knowledge Corridor high speed intercity passenger rail" project will cost approximately $1 billion, and the ultimate northern terminus for the project is reported to be Montreal in Canada. Train speeds between will reportedly exceed 110 miles per hour (180 km/h) and increase both cities' rail traffic exponentially.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Funding was awarded to Connecticut in 2010 and 2011 to build what line with a southern terminus in New Haven?
A: Hartford Line', '
Q: At what terminal in New Haven was the Hartford Line slated to originate?
A: Union Station', "
Q: What location provided the northern terminus for the Hartford Line?
A: Springfield's Union Station", '
Q: What is the name of the corridor in western Massachusetts by which federal authorities sought to improve trip times and the amount of the population served in both New Haven and Springfield? 
A: Knowledge Corridor', '
Q: In what year was the "Knowledge corridor high speed intercity passenger rail" slated for construction?
A: 2013', '
Q: What is the name of the train line that connects Connecticut and Massachusetts together?
A: Hartford Line', "
Q: Where is the starting point of the terminus line in New Haven?
A: New Haven's Union Station", '
Q: The purpose of the train line is to connect Connecticut and Massachusetts to what state north?
A: Vermont', "
Q: When does the Knowledge Corridor line begins it's construction?
A: in 2013", '
Q: Generally how fast are these trains?
A: 180 km/h']
New Haven's best-known geographic features are its large deep harbor, and two reddish basalt trap rock ridges which rise to the northeast and northwest of the city core. These trap rocks are known respectively as East Rock and West Rock, and both serve as extensive parks. West Rock has been tunneled through to make way for the east-west passage of the Wilbur Cross Parkway (the only highway tunnel through a natural obstacle in Connecticut), and once served as the hideout of the "Regicides" (see: Regicides Trail). Most New Haveners refer to these men as "The Three Judges". East Rock features the prominent Soldiers and Sailors war monument on its peak as well as the "Great/Giant Steps" which run up the rock's cliffside.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In addition to the New Haven Harbor, what additional natural element is a prominent geographic feature of the area, flanking the northeast and northwest boundaries?
A: basalt trap rock ridges', '
Q: Which trap rock ridge was altered to accommodate the east-west portion of the Wilbur Park Crossway?
A: West Rock', '
Q: What was the name of the group that once utilized West Rock as a hideout, known colloquially as "The Three Judges?"
A: "Regicides"', '
Q: What is the name of the war monument located at the peak of East Rock?
A: Soldiers and Sailors', '
Q: What is the name for the popular feature that ascends the cliffside of East Rock?
A: "Great/Giant Steps"', '
Q: What is New Haven best known for in terms of the main landmark and structure?
A: large deep harbor', '
Q: In terms of economy and geographic landscape what is the used for the two trop rocks ridges north nearby the city?
A: as extensive parks', '
Q: The West Rock is also used for what sort of infrastructure?
A: highway tunnel', '
Q: What does the Eastern Rocks offer as a park on the other hand?
A: war monument']
The city is drained by three rivers; the West, Mill, and Quinnipiac, named in order from west to east. The West River discharges into West Haven Harbor, while the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers discharge into New Haven Harbor. Both harbors are embayments of Long Island Sound. In addition, several smaller streams flow through the city's neighborhoods, including Wintergreen Brook, the Beaver Ponds Outlet, Wilmot Brook, Belden Brook, and Prospect Creek. Not all of these small streams have continuous flow year-round.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: By how many rivers is the city of New Haven drained?
A: three', '
Q: Which New Haven river releases into West Haven Harbor?
A: West River', '
Q: Into what local body of water do the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers discharge? 
A: New Haven Harbor', '
Q: Into what larger waterway do the West Haven Harbor and New Haven Harbor recess as embayments?
A: Long Island Sound', '
Q: What is the name of the western river in the city of New Haven?
A: the West', '
Q: The eastern river bears the name of the Native American Tribes that once live in New Haven, what is the name?
A: Quinnipiac', '
Q: The two eastern rivers meets in which of New Haven Harbor?
A: New Haven Harbor', '
Q: These two harbors are part of what estuary?
A: Long Island Sound.', "
Q: Are all of New Haven's smaller stream active through all four seasons?
A: Not all of these small streams"]
New Haven lies in the transition between a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfa) and humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), but having more characteristics of the former, as is typical of much of the New York metropolitan area. Summers are humid and warm, with temperatures exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) on 7–8 days per year. Winters are cold with moderate snowfall interspersed with rainfall and occasionally mixed precipitation. The weather patterns that affect New Haven result from a primarily offshore direction, thus reducing the marine influence of Long Island Sound—although, like other marine areas, differences in temperature between areas right along the coastline and areas a mile or two inland can be large at times.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Though harboring transitive properties, what Koppen climate classification does the New Haven climate more closely characterize?
A: Dfa', '
Q: What season is typically characterized as humid and warm in New Haven?
A: Summers', '
Q: What baseline temperature threshold do temperatures normally exceed throughout the summer in New Haven?
A: 90 °F (32 °C)', '
Q: How heavy is the snowfall typically throughout the winter in New Haven?
A: moderate', "
Q: New Haven's climate is largely analogous to what major adjoining metropolitan area?
A: New York", "
Q: The New Haven's area closesly resemble which type of climate?
A: humid continental climate", '
Q: Does summertime gets weather hotter than 90 degrees?
A: 7–8 days per year', '
Q: Due to being a coastal city, how much snow does the city gets?
A: moderate snowfall', "
Q: What is the main effects  in New Haven's weather due to being a coastal city?
A: differences in temperature between areas"]
New Haven has a long tradition of urban planning and a purposeful design for the city's layout. The city could be argued to have some of the first preconceived layouts in the country. Upon founding, New Haven was laid out in a grid plan of nine square blocks; the central square was left open, in the tradition of many New England towns, as the city green (a commons area). The city also instituted the first public tree planting program in America. As in other cities, many of the elms that gave New Haven the nickname "Elm City" perished in the mid-20th century due to Dutch Elm disease, although many have since been replanted. The New Haven Green is currently home to three separate historic churches which speak to the original theocratic nature of the city. The Green remains the social center of the city today. It was named a National Historic Landmark in 1970.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: On what type of city plan was New Haven laid out upon the founding of the area?
A: grid plan of nine square blocks', '
Q: For what environmental initiative is the city of New Haven known, primarily for instituting the first of its kind in America?
A: public tree planting program', '
Q: What was the nickname given to the city of New Haven due to an indigenous tree which largely perished in the mid-20th century?
A: "Elm City"', '
Q: What was the cause of the sudden extinction of many of the elms in New Haven?
A: Dutch Elm disease', '
Q: What public area in New Haven was named a National Historic Landmark in 1970?
A: New Haven Green', '
Q: What was New Haven\'s nickname?
A: Elm City"', '
Q: Due to the replanting of trees the center of the city is called what?
A: New Haven Green', '
Q: In what year did it became recognize as a landmark?
A: 1970', '
Q: In the original plans of the city, how many city block were designed?
A: nine square blocks', "
Q: Because of it's trees New Haven is known for being first to implemented what in the US?
A: public tree planting program"]
Downtown New Haven, occupied by nearly 7,000 residents, has a more residential character than most downtowns. The downtown area provides about half of the city's jobs and half of its tax base and in recent years has become filled with dozens of new upscale restaurants, several of which have garnered national praise (such as Ibiza, recognized by Esquire and Wine Spectator magazines as well as the New York Times as the best Spanish food in the country), in addition to shops and thousands of apartments and condominium units which subsequently help overall growth of the city.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Approximately how many residents make up the population of downtown New Haven?
A: 7,000', '
Q: What downtown New Haven restaurant was cited by the New York Times, Esquire and Wine Spectator for its outstanding Spanish cuisine?
A: Ibiza', '
Q: Downtown New Haven contributes approximately what amount of the overall tax base for the area?
A: half', '
Q: Downtown New Haven contributes approximately how many jobs to the city?
A: about half', '
Q: How many people live in downtown New Haven?
A: 7,000 residents', "
Q: In terms of economy the downtown portion is responsible for what?
A: half of the city's jobs", '
Q: Of the downtown area what gets the most positive media coverage?
A: new upscale restaurants', '
Q: What has help the most with the continuous growth within the area?
A: thousands of apartments and condominium']
The city has many distinct neighborhoods. In addition to Downtown, centered on the central business district and the Green, are the following neighborhoods: the west central neighborhoods of Dixwell and Dwight; the southern neighborhoods of The Hill, historic water-front City Point (or Oyster Point), and the harborside district of Long Wharf; the western neighborhoods of Edgewood, West River, Westville, Amity, and West Rock-Westhills; East Rock, Cedar Hill, Prospect Hill, and Newhallville in the northern side of town; the east central neighborhoods of Mill River and Wooster Square, an Italian-American neighborhood; Fair Haven, an immigrant community located between the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers; Quinnipiac Meadows and Fair Haven Heights across the Quinnipiac River; and facing the eastern side of the harbor, The Annex and East Shore (or Morris Cove).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What area of New Haven comprises the area centered around the business district and New Haven Green?
A: Downtown', '
Q: What is the historic water-front neighborhood located in the southern area of New Haven?
A: City Point', '
Q: What east-central neighborhood in New Haven is home to a large number of Italian-Americans?
A: Wooster Square', '
Q: What is the name of the neighborhood in New Haven that rests between the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers, and is comprised primarily of an immigrant community?
A: Fair Haven', '
Q: What is the name of the district nearing the harbor of the city?
A: Long Wharf', "
Q: Though the Green is the popular center of the city, there is another district, what's the name?
A: central business district", '
Q: If you were to go northern part of New Haven, what district would you find?
A: Newhallville', "
Q: Between two of it's rivers lies a district with a heavy immigrant population, the name is?
A: Fair Haven", '
Q: Wooster Square is known for what roots?
A: Italian-American']