romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
In the race for individual contributions, economist Lyndon LaRouche dominated the pack leading up to the primaries. According to the Federal Election Commission statistics, LaRouche had more individual contributors to his 2004 presidential campaign than any other candidate, until the final quarter of the primary season, when John Kerry surpassed him. As of the April 15 filing, LaRouche had 7834 individual contributions, of those who have given cumulatively, $200 or more, as compared to 6257 for John Kerry, 5582 for John Edwards, 4090 for Howard Dean, and 2744 for Gephardt.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who, at the start of the primaries, had the most single campaign contributors?
A: Lyndon LaRouche', '
Q: Who had the highest amount of single campaign contributors, at the final quarter of the primaries?
A: John Kerry', '
Q: Who earned the fewest individual contributions as of the April 15th filing date?
A: Gephardt', "
Q: What agency provided statistical information regarding the Presidential Candidates' individual contributors?
A: Federal Election Commission"]
By the January 2004 Iowa caucuses, the field had dwindled down to nine candidates, as Bob Graham had dropped out of the race. Howard Dean was a strong front-runner. However, the Iowa caucuses yielded unexpectedly strong results for Democratic candidates John Kerry, who earned 38% of the state's delegates and John Edwards, who took 32%. Former front-runner Howard Dean slipped to 18% and third place, and Richard Gephardt finished fourth (11%). In the days leading up to the Iowa vote, there was much negative campaigning between the Dean and Gephardt camps.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many candidates remained by the end of the Iowa caucuses, in January 2004?
A: nine', "
Q: Which two candidates had surprising results despite Howard Dean being the strong front-runner?
A: John Kerry, who earned 38% of the state's delegates and John Edwards", '
Q: Which candidate slipped into third place, following the Iowa caucuses?
A: Dean', '
Q: Preceding the Iowa caucuses, which candidates used naysaying tactics in their campaigning?
A: Dean and Gephardt', '
Q: Which candidate dropped out of the race, leaving the field to nine candidates?
A: Bob Graham']
The dismal results caused Gephardt to drop out and later endorse Kerry. Carol Moseley Braun also dropped out, endorsing Howard Dean. Besides the impact of coming in third, Dean was further hurt by a speech he gave at a post-caucus rally. Dean was shouting over the cheers of his enthusiastic audience, but the crowd noise was being filtered out by his unidirectional microphone, leaving only his full-throated exhortations audible to the television viewers. To those at home, he seemed to raise his voice out of sheer emotion. The incessant replaying of the "Dean Scream" by the press became a debate on the topic of whether Dean was the victim of media bias. The scream scene was shown approximately 633 times by cable and broadcast news networks in just four days following the incident, a number that does not include talk shows and local news broadcasts. However, those who were in the actual audience that day insist that they were not aware of the infamous "scream" until they returned to their hotel rooms and saw it on TV.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which candidate, after dropping out, went on to endorse Kerry?
A: Gephardt', '
Q: Which troubled candidate did Carol Moseley Braun end up endorsing, after she dropped out?
A: Howard Dean', "
Q: The continual playing of Dean's post-rally speech by the media stirred what type of controversy?
A: whether Dean was the victim of media bias", '
Q: What tag did the media attach to Dean\'s post-rally speech?
A: "Dean Scream"', '
Q: Did those in attendance at Dean\'s speech know about the "Dean Scream"?
A: they were not aware']
The following week, John Edwards won the South Carolina primary and finished a strong second in Oklahoma to Clark. Lieberman dropped out of the campaign the following day. Kerry dominated throughout February and his support quickly snowballed as he won caucuses and primaries, taking in a string of wins in Michigan, Washington, Maine, Tennessee, Washington, D.C., Nevada, Wisconsin, Utah, Hawaii, and Idaho. Clark and Dean dropped out during this time, leaving Edwards as the only real threat to Kerry. Kucinich and Sharpton continued to run despite poor results at the polls.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which candidate went on to win the South Carolina primary?
A: John Edwards', '
Q: Which candidate won the Oklahoma primary?
A: Clark', '
Q: Which candidate dropped out of the race, following losing the Oklahoma primary?
A: Lieberman', '
Q: Which candidate received heighted support after winning caucuses and primaries in many states?
A: Kerry', '
Q: After Clark and Dean dropped out, which candidate was considered to be the only real contender against Kerry?
A: Edwards']
In March's Super Tuesday, Kerry won decisive victories in the California, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and Rhode Island primaries and the Minnesota caucuses. Dean, despite having withdrawn from the race two weeks earlier, won his home state of Vermont. Edwards finished only slightly behind Kerry in Georgia, but, failing to win a single state other than South Carolina, chose to withdraw from the presidential race. Sharpton followed suit a couple weeks later. Kuninch did not leave the race officially until July.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which candidate was the fore-runner after definitively winning in the primaries and Minnesota caucuses?
A: Kerry', '
Q: Which candidate won his state primary, despite having already dropped out of his race?
A: Dean', '
Q: Which candidate finished in second place in the Georgia primary?
A: Edwards', '
Q: Besides Georgia, what other state primary did Edwards win?
A: South Carolina', '
Q: Which candidate dropped out of the race, next after Edwards?
A: Sharpton']
On July 6, John Kerry selected John Edwards as his running mate, shortly before the 2004 Democratic National Convention in Boston, held later that month. Days before Kerry announced Edwards as his running mate, Kerry gave a short list of three candidates: Sen John Edwards, Rep Dick Gephardt, and Gov Tom Vilsack. Heading into the convention, the Kerry/Edwards ticket unveiled their new slogan—a promise to make America "stronger at home and more respected in the world." Kerry made his Vietnam War experience the prominent theme of the convention. In accepting the nomination, he began his speech with, "I'm John Kerry and I'm reporting for duty." He later delivered what may have been the speech's most memorable line when he said, "the future doesn't belong to fear, it belongs to freedom", a quote that later appeared in a Kerry/Edwards television advertisement.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who did John Kerry choose to be by his side as the potential Vice President?
A: John Edwards', '
Q: How many candidates did John Kerry name as potential prospects to be his running mate?
A: three', '
Q: What was the Kerry/Edwards slogan that was released prior to the start of the convention in Boston?
A: "stronger at home and more respected in the world."', '
Q: Which part of Kerry\'s Boston speech made reference to his military experience?
A: "I\'m John Kerry and I\'m reporting for duty."', '
Q: Which famous line from Kerry\'s speech was later featured in one of his later television ad campaigns?
A: "the future doesn\'t belong to fear, it belongs to freedom"']
Bush focused his campaign on national security, presenting himself as a decisive leader and contrasted Kerry as a "flip-flopper." This strategy was designed to convey to American voters the idea that Bush could be trusted to be tough on terrorism while Kerry would be "uncertain in the face of danger." Bush (just as his father did with Dukakis in the 1988 election) also sought to portray Kerry as a "Massachusetts liberal" who was out of touch with mainstream Americans. One of Kerry's slogans was "Stronger at home, respected in the world." This advanced the suggestion that Kerry would pay more attention to domestic concerns; it also encapsulated Kerry's contention that Bush had alienated American allies by his foreign policy.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What was the primary focus of Bush's campaign?
A: national security", '
Q: How did Bush try to convey that he was the stronger, tougher candidate?
A: presenting himself as a decisive leader and contrasted Kerry as a "flip-flopper."', '
Q: What phrase did Kerry use to try to express that he was more concerned for America?
A: "Stronger at home, respected in the world."', '
Q: What does Kerry feel Bush aliented the American people with?
A: his foreign policy', '
Q: The stategy that Bush used against Kerry was compared to what other similar strategy in the past?
A: just as his father did with Dukakis in the 1988 election']
During August and September 2004, there was an intense focus on events that occurred in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Bush was accused of failing to fulfill his required service in the Texas Air National Guard. However, the focus quickly shifted to the conduct of CBS News after they aired a segment on 60 Minutes Wednesday introducing what became known as the Killian documents. Serious doubts about the documents' authenticity quickly emerged, leading CBS to appoint a review panel that eventually resulted in the firing of the news producer and other significant staffing changes.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was accused on not fulfilling their military service, during the fall of 2004?
A: Bush', "
Q: What shifted attention away from the coverage regarding Bush's controvery regarding his required service?
A: a segment on 60 Minutes", '
Q: Which news agency came under review resulting in the firing of their producer?
A: CBS News', '
Q: Which time period came into the spotlight, during the fall of 2004?
A: the late 1960s and early 1970s', '
Q: What did the documents that were aired during the 60 Minutes segment come to be known as?
A: Killian documents']
The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, "Well, actually, he forgot Poland." Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where did the first debate, between Kerry and Bush take place?
A: University of Miami', '
Q: Who was considered to have been the winner of the debate?
A: Kerry', '
Q: Who was the moderator of the first debate between Kerry and Bush?
A: Jim Lehrer', '
Q: What was thought to be the main focal point of the debate?
A: foreign policy', '
Q: How did the opinion regarding Kerry change, after being delared the winner of the debate?
A: strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign']
The second presidential debate was held at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, on October 8, moderated by Charles Gibson of ABC. Conducted in a town meeting format, less formal than the first presidential debate, this debate saw Bush and Kerry taking questions on a variety of subjects from a local audience. Bush attempted to deflect criticism of what was described as his scowling demeanor during the first debate, joking at one point about one of Kerry's remarks, "That answer made me want to scowl."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where was the second debate for presidency held?
A: Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri', '
Q: Was the second debate held in a rigid, formalistic manner?
A: town meeting format, less formal', '
Q: Was there a specific topic as the main focus for the second debate?
A: taking questions on a variety of subjects from a local audience', '
Q: Who was the moderator of the second debate, held at the Washington University?
A: Charles Gibson', '
Q: How did Bush try to make light of himself after being made fun of for his demeanor during the first debate?
A: joking at one point about one of Kerry\'s remarks, "That answer made me want to scowl."']
Bush and Kerry met for the third and final debate at Arizona State University on October 13. 51 million viewers watched the debate which was moderated by Bob Schieffer of CBS News. However, at the time of the ASU debate, there were 15.2 million viewers tuned in to watch the Major League Baseball playoffs broadcast simultaneously. After Kerry, responding to a question about gay rights, reminded the audience that Vice President Cheney's daughter was a lesbian, Cheney responded with a statement calling himself "a pretty angry father" due to Kerry using Cheney's daughter's sexual orientation for his political purposes.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many debates were there in total, between Kerry and Bush?
A: third', '
Q: Where was the final debate, between Kerry and Bush held?
A: Arizona State University', '
Q: What was the next biggest competitor for television viewers, next to the debate?
A: Major League Baseball playoffs broadcast simultaneously', "
Q: Who did Kerry publicize as a lesbian while discussing gay rights, some time after the debate?
A: Vice President Cheney's daughter", '
Q: What did Cheney refer to him as, after hearing Kerry\'s comments about his daughter?
A: "a pretty angry father"']
One elector in Minnesota cast a ballot for president with the name of "John Ewards"  [sic] written on it. The Electoral College officials certified this ballot as a vote for John Edwards for president. The remaining nine electors cast ballots for John Kerry. All ten electors in the state cast ballots for John Edwards for vice president (John Edwards's name was spelled correctly on all ballots for vice president). This was the first time in U.S. history that an elector had cast a vote for the same person to be both president and vice president; another faithless elector in the 1800 election had voted twice for Aaron Burr, but under that electoral system only votes for the president's position were cast, with the runner-up in the Electoral College becoming vice president (and the second vote for Burr was discounted and re-assigned to Thomas Jefferson in any event, as it violated Electoral College rules).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who received a certified ballot from the Electoral College, despite his name being spelled incorrectly on the ballot?
A: John Edwards', '
Q: Had there ever been a time where an elector voted for the same candidate to be both president and vice president?
A: This was the first time in U.S. history', '
Q: Which candidate won the unanimous vote for vice presidency?
A: All ten electors in the state cast ballots for John Edwards for vice president', "
Q: What is different in comparison between the 1800 electoral system and the system in place in 2004?
A: under that electoral system only votes for the president's position were cast, with the runner-up in the Electoral College becoming vice president", '
Q: In the 1800 election, why did Thomas Jefferson get the second vote?
A: it violated Electoral College rules']
The morning after the election, the major candidates were neck and neck. It was clear that the result in Ohio, along with two other states who had still not declared (New Mexico and Iowa), would decide the winner. Bush had established a lead of around 130,000 votes but the Democrats pointed to provisional ballots that had yet to be counted, initially reported to number as high as 200,000. Bush had preliminary leads of less than 5% of the vote in only four states, but if Iowa, Nevada and New Mexico had all eventually gone to Kerry, a win for Bush in Ohio would have created a 269–269 tie in the Electoral College. The result of an electoral tie would cause the election to be decided in the House of Representatives with each state casting one vote, regardless of population. Such a scenario would almost certainly have resulted in a victory for Bush, as Republicans controlled more House delegations. Therefore, the outcome of the election hinged solely on the result in Ohio, regardless of the final totals elsewhere. In the afternoon Ohio's Secretary of State, Ken Blackwell, announced that it was statistically impossible for the Democrats to make up enough valid votes in the provisional ballots to win. At the time provisional ballots were reported as numbering 140,000 (and later estimated to be only 135,000). Faced with this announcement, John Kerry conceded defeat. Had Kerry won Ohio, he would have won the election despite losing the national popular vote by over 3 million votes, a complete reversal of the 2000 election when Bush won the presidency despite losing the popular vote to Al Gore by over 500,000 votes.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Why was there tension the day after the election?
A: It was clear that the result in Ohio, along with two other states who had still not declared (New Mexico and Iowa), would decide the winner', '
Q: Despite an apparent lead by Bush early on, what was thought to be a concern?
A: provisional ballots that had yet to be counted, initially reported to number as high as 200,000', '
Q: How would it be determined who would win, in the event of an electoral tie?
A: The result of an electoral tie would cause the election to be decided in the House of Representatives with each state casting one vote, regardless of population', "
Q: Which state became the most important to secure Bush's presidential election?
A: the outcome of the election hinged solely on the result in Ohio", '
Q: Who did Bush lose the popular vote to in the 2000 election for presidency?
A: Al Gore']
At the official counting of the electoral votes on January 6, a motion was made contesting Ohio's electoral votes. Because the motion was supported by at least one member of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, election law mandated that each house retire to debate and vote on the motion. In the House of Representatives, the motion was supported by 31 Democrats. It was opposed by 178 Republicans, 88 Democrats and one independent. Not voting were 52 Republicans and 80 Democrats. Four people elected to the House had not yet taken office, and one seat was vacant. In the Senate, it was supported only by its maker, Senator Boxer, with 74 Senators opposed and 25 not voting. During the debate, no Senator argued that the outcome of the election should be changed by either court challenge or revote. Senator Boxer claimed that she had made the motion not to challenge the outcome, but to "shed the light of truth on these irregularities."

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Was there any debate about the voting process in Ohio?
A: a motion was made contesting Ohio's electoral votes", '
Q: What was the decision regarding the motion to re-count the votes, after each House finalized their debates?
A: During the debate, no Senator argued that the outcome of the election should be changed by either court challenge or revote', '
Q: Who was the lone supporter of the motion, from the Senate?
A: Senator Boxer', '
Q: Why did Senator Boxer say she voted the way she did?
A: Senator Boxer claimed that she had made the motion not to challenge the outcome, but to "shed the light of truth on these irregularities."', '
Q: How many people from the House of Representatives did not vote?
A: Not voting were 52 Republicans and 80 Democrats']
Kerry would later state that "the widespread irregularities make it impossible to know for certain that the [Ohio] outcome reflected the will of the voters." In the same article, Democratic National Committee Chairman Howard Dean said "I'm not confident that the election in Ohio was fairly decided... We know that there was substantial voter suppression, and the machines were not reliable. It should not be a surprise that the Republicans are willing to do things that are unethical to manipulate elections. That's what we suspect has happened."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did Kerry say affected the ability to know if the results of the Ohio vote was unbiased?
A: "the widespread irregularities make it impossible to know for certain that the [Ohio] outcome reflected the will of the voters."', "
Q: Which Democratic official supported Kerry's theory about the Ohio votes?
A: Howard Dean", '
Q: What was said about the devices used to collect the votes, in Ohio?
A: the machines were not reliable', '
Q: Who was targeted for defrauding the electoral process, in Ohio?
A: the Republicans are willing to do things that are unethical to manipulate elections']
At the invitation of the United States government, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) sent a team of observers to monitor the presidential elections in 2004. It was the first time the OSCE had sent observers to a U.S. presidential election, although they had been invited in the past. In September 2004 the OSCE issued a report on U.S. electoral processes and the election final report. The report reads: "The November 2, 2004 elections in the United States mostly met the OSCE commitments included in the 1990 Copenhagen Document. They were conducted in an environment that reflects a long-standing democratic tradition, including institutions governed by the rule of law, free and generally professional media, and a civil society intensively engaged in the election process. There was exceptional public interest in the two leading presidential candidates and the issues raised by their respective campaigns, as well as in the election process itself."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was called in to watch over the presidential election in 2004?
A: the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) sent a team of observers to monitor the presidential elections in 2004', '
Q: Was this the only occasion the OSCE was invited to preside over a presidential election?
A: It was the first time the OSCE had sent observers to a U.S. presidential election, although they had been invited in the past.', '
Q: What were the findings of the OSCE team?
A: mostly met the OSCE commitments included in the 1990 Copenhagen Document', '
Q: What type of values did the OSCE determine were adhered to during the election process?
A: long-standing democratic tradition']
The 2004 election was the first to be affected by the campaign finance reforms mandated by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (also known as the McCain–Feingold Bill for its sponsors in the United States Senate). Because of the Act's restrictions on candidates' and parties' fundraising, a large number of so-called 527 groups emerged. Named for a section of the Internal Revenue Code, these groups were able to raise large amounts of money for various political causes as long as they do not coordinate their activities with political campaigns. Examples of 527s include Swift Boat Veterans for Truth, MoveOn.org, the Media Fund, and America Coming Together. Many such groups were active throughout the campaign season. (There was some similar activity, although on a much lesser scale, during the 2000 campaign.)

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What finance act affected the 2004 election?
A: the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002', '
Q: Where did the moniker McCain-Feingold Bill come from?
A: its sponsors in the United States Senate', '
Q: How did the 527 groups come up with their title?
A: Named for a section of the Internal Revenue Code', '
Q: What stipulation enabled the 527 groups to campaign for funds?
A: as long as they do not coordinate their activities with political campaigns', '
Q: What is one of the named 527 groups from the 2004 election?
A: MoveOn.org']