romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
In the 2000s, more Venezuelans opposing the economic and political policies of president Hugo Chávez migrated to the United States (mostly to Florida, but New York City and Houston are other destinations). The largest concentration of Venezuelans in the United States is in South Florida, especially the suburbs of Doral and Weston. Other main states with Venezuelan American populations are, according to the 1990 census, New York, California, Texas (adding their existing Hispanic populations), New Jersey, Massachusetts and Maryland. Some of the urban areas with a high Venezuelan community include Miami, New York City, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How did Chavez affect the Venezuelans?
A: In the 2000s, more Venezuelans opposing the economic and political policies of president Hugo Chávez migrated to the United States', '
Q: What areas of America did the Venezuelans settle in?
A: mostly to Florida, but New York City and Houston are other destinations). The largest concentration of Venezuelans in the United States is in South Florida', '
Q: Are there any other areas of America Venezuelans settled in?
A: New York, California, Texas (adding their existing Hispanic populations), New Jersey, Massachusetts and Maryland.', "
Q: Where are the most populated city's Venezuelan live in?
A: Some of the urban areas with a high Venezuelan community include Miami, New York City, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C."]
Although the United States has no de jure official language, English is the dominant language of business, education, government, religion, media, culture, civil society, and the public sphere. Virtually all state and federal government agencies and large corporations use English as their internal working language, especially at the management level. Some states, such as New Mexico, provide bilingual legislated notices and official documents, in Spanish and English, and other commonly used languages. By 2015, there was a trend that most Americans and American residents who are of Hispanic descent speak only English in the home.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Is there such a thing as bilingual state?
A: Some states, such as New Mexico, provide bilingual legislated notices and official documents', '
Q: Do American Hispanics speak English in the home?
A: there was a trend that most Americans and American residents who are of Hispanic descent speak only English in the home.', '
Q: What language is spoken in the U.S.A?
A: English is the dominant language of business, education, government, religion, media, culture, civil society, and the public sphere.', '
Q: Is there an official language of the United States?
A: United States has no de jure official language, English is the dominant language']
The state (like its southwestern neighbors) has had close linguistic and cultural ties with Mexico. The state outside the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 was part of the New Mexico Territory until 1863, when the western half was made into the Arizona Territory. The area of the former Gadsden Purchase contained a majority of Spanish-speakers until the 1940s, although the Tucson area had a higher ratio of anglophones (including Mexican Americans who were fluent in English); the continuous arrival of Mexican settlers increases the number of Spanish-speakers.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Has some states like Arizona embraced their Mexican history?
A: The state (like its southwestern neighbors) has had close linguistic and cultural ties with Mexico', '
Q: What is the states history?
A: The state outside the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 was part of the New Mexico Territory until 1863, when the western half was made into the Arizona Territory.', '
Q: Has New Mexico had a majority of Spanish speaking natives.
A: The area of the former Gadsden Purchase contained a majority of Spanish-speakers until the 1940s', '
Q: Are Arizona and New Mexico residents speaking Spanish or English?
A: the continuous arrival of Mexican settlers increases the number of Spanish-speakers.']
New Mexico is commonly thought to have Spanish as an official language alongside English because of its wide usage and legal promotion of Spanish in the state; however, the state has no official language. New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English. Although English is the state government's paper working language, government business is often conducted in Spanish, particularly at the local level. Spanish has been spoken in the New Mexico-Colorado border and the contemporary U.S.–Mexico border since the 16th century.[citation needed]

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Does New Mexico have an official language?
A: the state has no official language.', "
Q: What language is New Mexico's language written in?
A: New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English.", '
Q: How long has New Mexico been speaking Spanish?
A: Spanish has been spoken in the New Mexico-Colorado border and the contemporary U.S.–Mexico border since the 16th century', '
Q: Is New Mexico known for the Spanish language?
A: New Mexico is commonly thought to have Spanish as an official language alongside English because of its wide usage and legal promotion of Spanish in the state']
Because of its relative isolation from other Spanish-speaking areas over most of its 400-year existence, New Mexico Spanish, and in particular the Spanish of northern New Mexico and Colorado has retained many elements of 16th- and 17th-century Spanish and has developed its own vocabulary. In addition, it contains many words from Nahuatl, the language spoken by the ancient Aztecs of Mexico. New Mexican Spanish also contains loan words from the Pueblo languages of the upper Rio Grande Valley, Mexican-Spanish words (mexicanismos), and borrowings from English. Grammatical changes include the loss of the second person verb form, changes in verb endings, particularly in the preterite, and partial merging of the second and third conjugations.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Why is New Mexico always an after thought in American -Spanish speaking society?
A: Because of its relative isolation from other Spanish-speaking areas over most of its 400-year existence', "
Q: Is New Mexico's language different than from other Spanish dialect 
A: , New Mexico Spanish, and in particular the Spanish of northern New Mexico and Colorado has retained many elements of 16th- and 17th-century Spanish", "
Q: How does New Mexico's Spanish dialect differ?
A: has developed its own vocabulary. In addition, it contains many words from Nahuatl, the language spoken by the ancient Aztecs of Mexico.", "
Q: Does New Mexico's language also include other dialect?
A: New Mexican Spanish also contains loan words from the Pueblo languages of the upper Rio Grande Valley, Mexican-Spanish words (mexicanismos)", '
Q: Does New Mexico also use language from the  American language when spoken in Spanish?
A: borrowings from English. Grammatical changes include the loss of the second person verb form, changes in verb endings']
In Texas, English is the state's de facto official language (though it lacks de jure status) and is used in government. However, the continual influx of Spanish-speaking immigrants increased the import of Spanish in Texas. Texas's counties bordering Mexico are mostly Hispanic, and consequently, Spanish is commonly spoken in the region. The Government of Texas, through Section 2054.116 of the Government Code, mandates that state agencies provide information on their websites in Spanish to assist residents who have limited English proficiency.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is Texas official language?
A: In Texas, English is the state's de facto official language", '
Q: Are there exceptions to Texas official language?
A: , the continual influx of Spanish-speaking immigrants increased the import of Spanish in Texas.', "
Q: How does Texas handle people who don't speak English, but live in Mexico?
A: . The Government of Texas, through Section 2054.116 of the Government Code, mandates that state agencies provide information on their websites in Spanish", '
Q: How does this mandate help Spanish speaking residents?
A: websites in Spanish to assist residents who have limited English proficiency.']
Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language in American secondary schools and of higher education. More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses in autumn of 2002 and Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled, followed by French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%) although the totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What language, other than English, is spoken in the U.S.?
A: Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language', '
Q: Are students taught Spanish in american schools?
A: More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses', '
Q: How popular are Spanish language classes in the U.S,?
A: Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled', '
Q: What other languages are popular among American students?
A: French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%)', '
Q: Are these other languages learned in the U.S. as popular as Spanish?
A: totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.']
The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish, following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration. Official Spanish translations are available at WhiteHouse.gov. Moreover, non-Hispanic American origin politicians fluent in Spanish-speak in Spanish to Hispanic majority constituencies. There are 500 Spanish newspapers, 152 magazines, and 205 publishers in the United States; magazine and local television advertising expenditures for the Hispanic market have increased much from 1999 to 2003, with growth of 58 percent and 43 percent, respectively.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What political speaches are delivered in English and Spanish?
A: The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish', '
Q: Was this always the case in American political addresses?
A: following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration. Official Spanish translations are available at WhiteHouse.gov.', '
Q: Does Washington (government) operate in both languages (bilingual-Spanish?)
A: politicians fluent in Spanish-speak in Spanish to Hispanic majority constituencies', '
Q: If someone is not bilingual and only speaks Spanish, how do they learn about current events?
A: There are 500 Spanish newspapers, 152 magazines, and 205 publishers in the United States; magazine and local television', '
Q: Is the Hispanic population relevant to the American media?
A: local television advertising expenditures for the Hispanic market have increased much from 1999 to 2003, with growth of 58 percent and 43 percent, respectively.']
Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project, the most complete study of English language adoption by Hispanophone immigrants. Mr Veltman's language shift studies document high bilingualism rates and subsequent adoption of English as the preferred language of Hispanics, particularly by the young and the native-born. The complete set of these studies' demographic projections postulates the near-complete assimilation of a given Hispanophone immigrant cohort within two generations. Although his study based itself upon a large 1976 sample from the Bureau of the Census (which has not been repeated), data from the 1990 Census tend to confirm the great Anglicization of the US Hispanic American origin population.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Are there studies on Hispanic-American language?
A: Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project', "
Q: What is Calvin Veltman' study about?
A: the most complete study of English language adoption by Hispanophone immigrants", "
Q: Is Calvin Veltman' relevant to today's Hispanic Americans?
A: his study based itself upon a large 1976 sample from the Bureau of the Census (which has not been repeated),", "
Q: Are there other similar findings similar to Calvin Veltman' for the modern age?
A: data from the 1990 Census tend to confirm the great Anglicization of the US Hispanic American origin population.", "
Q: What was Calvin Veltman' findings?
A: high bilingualism rates and subsequent adoption of English as the preferred language of Hispanics, particularly by the young and the native-born."]
Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is located on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper Rivers, or, as is locally expressed, "where the Cooper and Ashley Rivers come together to form the Atlantic Ocean."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the oldest city in South Carolina?
A: Charleston', '
Q: What county is Charleston, South Carolina located in?
A: Charleston County', '
Q: Charleston is located on what harbor?
A: Charleston Harbor', '
Q: Charleston Harbor is an inlet of what ocean?
A: Atlantic Ocean', '
Q: What river mergers with the Cooper River to form Charleston Harbor?
A: Ashley Rivers', '
Q: What county is Charleston located in?
A: Charleston County', '
Q: Charleston Harbor is formed on what ocean?
A: Atlantic Ocean', '
Q: What river merges with the Ashley River to from the Charleston Harbor?
A: Cooper Rivers']
Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, and it remained among the 10 largest cities in the United States through the 1840 census. With a 2010 census population of 120,083  (and a 2014 estimate of 130,113), current trends put Charleston as the fastest-growing municipality in South Carolina. The population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester Counties, was counted by the 2014 estimate at 727,689 – the third-largest in the state – and the 78th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year was Charleston founded?
A: 1670', "
Q: What was Charleston's original name?
A: Charles Town", '
Q: Charles Town was named after which king?
A: King Charles II of England', '
Q: Where was the city originally located?
A: Albemarle Point', "
Q: What was Charleston's population in 2010?
A: 120,083", '
Q: What year was Charleston originally founded?
A: 1670', '
Q: Who was Charles Town named after?
A: King Charles II of England', '
Q: What was the originally name of Charleston?
A: Charles Town', '
Q: How many people lived in Charleston in 2010?
A: 120,083', "
Q: Where was Charleston's first location?
A: Albemarle Point"]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 127.5 square miles (330.2 km2), of which 109.0 square miles (282.2 km2) is land and 18.5 square miles (47.9 km2) is covered by water. The old city is located on a peninsula at the point where, as Charlestonians say, "The Ashley and the Cooper Rivers come together to form the Atlantic Ocean." The entire peninsula is very low, some is landfill material, and as such, frequently floods during heavy rains, storm surges, and unusually high tides. The city limits have expanded across the Ashley River from the peninsula, encompassing the majority of West Ashley as well as James Island and some of Johns Island. The city limits also have expanded across the Cooper River, encompassing Daniel Island and the Cainhoy area. North Charleston blocks any expansion up the peninsula, and Mount Pleasant occupies the land directly east of the Cooper River.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How large is Charleston, South Carolina?
A: 127.5 square miles (330.2 km2)', '
Q: Which city blocks Charleston for expanding up the peninsula? 
A: North Charleston', '
Q: How much of Charleston is covered by water?
A: 18.5 square miles (47.9 km2)', "
Q: How of Charleston's total area is dry land?
A: 109.0 square miles (282.2 km2)", '
Q: What town occupies the land directly east of the Cooper River?
A: Mount Pleasant']
Charleston has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with mild winters, hot, humid summers, and significant rainfall all year long. Summer is the wettest season; almost half of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September in the form of thundershowers. Fall remains relatively warm through November. Winter is short and mild, and is characterized by occasional rain. Measurable snow (≥0.1 in or 0.25 cm) only occurs several times per decade at the most, with the last such event occurring December 26, 2010. However, 6.0 in (15 cm) fell at the airport on December 23, 1989, the largest single-day fall on record, contributing to a single-storm and seasonal record of 8.0 in (20 cm) snowfall.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What season is the wettest in Charleston?
A: Summer', "
Q: In what form does half of Charleston's annual rainfall occur?
A: thundershowers", '
Q: What season is characterized as short in Charleston?
A: Winter', "
Q: What is Charleston's seasonal record of snowfall?
A: 8.0 in (20 cm)", '
Q: What season is considered short in Charleston?
A: Winter', '
Q: What is the wettest season in Charleston?
A: Summer', "
Q: Half of Charleston's annual rainfall occurs in what form?
A: thundershowers", "
Q: How much snow did Charleston's Airport recieve on December, 23 1989?
A: 6.0 in (15 cm"]
The highest temperature recorded within city limits was 104 °F (40 °C), on June 2, 1985, and June 24, 1944, and the lowest was 7 °F (−14 °C) on February 14, 1899, although at the airport, where official records are kept, the historical range is 105 °F (41 °C) on August 1, 1999 down to 6 °F (−14 °C) on January 21, 1985. Hurricanes are a major threat to the area during the summer and early fall, with several severe hurricanes hitting the area – most notably Hurricane Hugo on September 21, 1989 (a category 4 storm). Dewpoint in the summer ranges from 67.8 to 71.4 °F (20 to 22 °C).

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is hottest temperature recorded with Charleston's city limits?
A: 104 °F", '
Q: What hurricane hit Charleston in 1989?
A: Hurricane Hugo', "
Q: What was the lowest temperature ever recorded Charleston's city limit?
A: 7 °F (−14 °C)", '
Q: What type of storm is a major threat to Charleston in the summer and early fall?
A: Hurricanes', "
Q: What day did Charleston's airport hit the coldest day on record?
A: January 21, 1985"]
The Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of three counties: Charleston, Berkeley, and Dorchester. As of the 2013 U.S. Census, the metropolitan statistical area had a total population of 712,239 people. North Charleston is the second-largest city in the Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area and ranks as the third-largest city in the state; Mount Pleasant and Summerville are the next-largest cities. These cities combined with other incorporated and unincorporated areas along with the city of Charleston form the Charleston-North Charleston Urban Area with a population of 548,404 as of 2010. The metropolitan statistical area also includes a separate and much smaller urban area within Berkeley County, Moncks Corner (with a 2000 population of 9,123).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many people lived in the Charleston=North Charleston Urban Area in 2010?
A: 548,404', '
Q: What is the third largest city in South Carolina?
A: North Charleston', '
Q: How many people lived in Moncks Corner in 2000?
A: 9,123', '
Q: Charleston and Berkeley is combined with what other county to form a metropolitan statistical area?
A: Dorchester', '
Q: In which county is Moncks Corner located?
A: Berkeley County']
The traditional parish system persisted until the Reconstruction Era, when counties were imposed.[citation needed] Nevertheless, traditional parishes still exist in various capacities, mainly as public service districts. When the city of Charleston was formed, it was defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Philip and St. Michael, now also includes parts of St. James' Parish, St. George's Parish, St. Andrew's Parish, and St. John's Parish, although the last two are mostly still incorporated rural parishes.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What era brought counties to South Carolina?
A: Reconstruction Era', '
Q: Counties replaced what system in South Carolina?
A: traditional parish system', '
Q: What is the main use of the parish system nowadays?
A: public service districts', '
Q: The city of Charleston is defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Michael and what other parish?
A: Parish of St. Philip', "
Q: What other parish besides St. John's Parish is  mostly an incorporated rural parish? 
A: St. Andrew's Parish"]
After Charles II of England (1630–1685) was restored to the English throne in 1660 following Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate, he granted the chartered Province of Carolina to eight of his loyal friends, known as the Lords Proprietors, on March 24, 1663. It took seven years before the group arranged for settlement expeditions. The first of these founded Charles Town, in 1670. Governance, settlement, and development were to follow a visionary plan known as the Grand Model prepared for the Lords Proprietors by John Locke.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year was Charles Town founded?
A: 1670', '
Q: How long did it take to establish settlement expeditions for the Province of Carolina?
A: seven years', '
Q: What was the plan to settle and develop the Province of Carolina?
A: the Grand Model', '
Q: Who prepared the plan known as "the Grand Model"?
A: John Locke', '
Q: When was Charles II of England restored to the throne?
A: 1660']
The community was established by several shiploads of settlers from Bermuda (which lies due east of South Carolina, although at 1,030 km or 640 mi, it is closest to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina), under the leadership of governor William Sayle, on the west bank of the Ashley River, a few miles northwest of the present-day city center. It was soon predicted by the Earl of Shaftesbury, one of the Lords Proprietors, to become a "great port towne", a destiny the city quickly fulfilled. In 1680, the settlement was moved east of the Ashley River to the peninsula between the Ashley and Cooper Rivers. Not only was this location more defensible, but it also offered access to a fine natural harbor.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Where did Charleston's original settlers come from?
A: Bermuda", '
Q: Bermuda is located near which North Carolina town?
A: Cape Hatteras', '
Q: Who was the first governor of Charleston?
A: William Sayle', "
Q: Who predicted Charleston would become a 'great port towne'?
A: Earl of Shaftesbury", '
Q: The settlement was relocated east to what river?
A: Ashley River']