romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
After Kim Jong Il, the second ruler of North Korea, died in December 2011, Kim Jong Un stepped up and began mandating the use of Hanja as a source of definition for the Korean language. Currently, it is said that North Korea teaches around 3,000 Hanja characters to North Korean students, and in some cases, the characters appear within advertisements and newspapers. However, it is also said that the authorities implore students not to use the characters in public. Due to North Korea's strict isolationism, accurate reports about hanja use in North Korea are hard to obtain.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did the second ruler of North Korea pass away?
A: December 2011', '
Q: Who stepped up after 2011?
A: Kim Jong Un', '
Q: Who began moderating the use of Hanja?
A: Kim Jong Un']
When learning how to write hanja, students are taught to memorize the native Korean pronunciation for the hanja's meaning and the Sino-Korean pronunciations (the pronunciation based on the Chinese pronunciation of the characters) for each hanja respectively so that students know what the syllable and meaning is for a particular hanja. For example, the name for the hanja 水 is 물 수 (mul-su) in which 물 (mul) is the native Korean pronunciation for "water", while 수 (su) is the Sino-Korean pronunciation of the character. The naming of hanja is similar to if "water" were named "water-aqua", "horse-equus", or "gold-aurum" based on a hybridization of both the English and the Latin names. Other examples include 사람 인 (saram-in) for 人 "person/people", 큰 대 (keun-dae) for 大 "big/large//great", 작을 소 (jakeul-so) for 小 "small/little", 아래 하 (arae-ha) for 下 "underneath/below/low", 아비 부 (abi-bu) for 父 "father", and 나라이름 한 (naraimreum-han) for 韓 "Han/Korea".

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What are students taught to memorize?
A: native Korean pronunciation for the hanja's meaning", '
Q: What is name of the hanja?
A: mul-su', '
Q: What is the Korean pronunciation of water?
A: mul']
There is a clear trend toward the exclusive use of hangul in day-to-day South Korean society. Hanja are still used to some extent, particularly in newspapers, weddings, place names and calligraphy (although it is nowhere near the extent of kanji use in day-to-day Japanese society). Hanja is also extensively used in situations where ambiguity must be avoided,[citation needed] such as academic papers, high-level corporate reports, government documents, and newspapers; this is due to the large number of homonyms that have resulted from extensive borrowing of Chinese words.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is still being used according to experts?
A: Hanja', '
Q: What is used in situations where ambiguity must be avoided?
A: Hanja', '
Q: What is considered a location with a high level of ambiguity?
A: weddings']
In times past, until the 15th century, in Korea, Literary Chinese was the dominant form of written communication, prior to the creation of hangul, the Korean alphabet. Much of the vocabulary, especially in the realms of science and sociology, comes directly from Chinese, comparable to Latin or Greek root words in European languages. However, due to the lack of tones in Korean,[citation needed] as the words were imported from Chinese, many dissimilar characters took on identical sounds, and subsequently identical spelling in hangul.[citation needed] Chinese characters are sometimes used to this day for either clarification in a practical manner, or to give a distinguished appearance, as knowledge of Chinese characters is considered a high class attribute and an indispensable part of a classical education.[citation needed] It is also observed that the preference for Chinese characters is treated as being conservative and Confucian.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the dominant form of written communication?
A: Literary Chinese', '
Q: What is treated as being conservative and confucian?
A: Chinese characters', '
Q: What comes directly from China?
A: science and sociology']
Written Japanese also includes a pair of syllabaries known as kana, derived by simplifying Chinese characters selected to represent syllables of Japanese. The syllabaries differ because they sometimes selected different characters for a syllable, and because they used different strategies to reduce these characters for easy writing: the angular katakana were obtained by selecting a part of each character, while hiragana were derived from the cursive forms of whole characters. Modern Japanese writing uses a composite system, using kanji for word stems, hiragana for inflexional endings and grammatical words, and katakana to transcribe non-Chinese loanwords as well as serve as a method to emphasize native words (similar to how italics are used in Romance languages).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What also includes a pair of syllabaries?
A: Written Japanese', '
Q: Why do the syllabaries differ?
A: they sometimes selected different characters for a syllable', '
Q: What uses a composite system?
A: Modern Japanese writing']
Although most of the simplified Chinese characters in use today are the result of the works moderated by the government of the People's Republic of China in the 1950s and 60s, character simplification predates the republic's formation in 1949. One of the earliest proponents of character simplification was Lufei Kui, who proposed in 1909 that simplified characters should be used in education. In the years following the May Fourth Movement in 1919, many anti-imperialist Chinese intellectuals sought ways to modernise China. In the 1930s and 1940s, discussions on character simplification took place within the Kuomintang government, and many Chinese intellectuals and writers have long maintained that character simplification would help boost literacy in China. In many world languages, literacy has been promoted as a justification for spelling reforms. The People's Republic of China issued its first round of official character simplifications in two documents, the first in 1956 and the second in 1964. In the 1950s and 1960s, while confusion about simplified characters was still rampant, transitional characters that mixed simplified parts with yet-to-be simplified parts of characters together appeared briefly, then disappeared.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What has been promoted as a justification for spelling reforms?
A: literacy', "
Q: Character simplification predated the republic's formation in what year?
A: 1949", "
Q: Who issued the first round of official characters?
A: The People's Republic of China"]
The first known European explorer to reach Bermuda was Spanish sea captain Juan de Bermúdez in 1503, after whom the islands are named. He claimed the apparently uninhabited islands for the Spanish Empire. Paying two visits to the archipelago, Bermúdez never landed on the islands, but did create a recognisable map of the archipelago. Shipwrecked Portuguese mariners are now thought to have been responsible for the 1543 inscription in Portuguese Rock (previously called Spanish Rock). Subsequent Spanish or other European parties are believed to have released pigs there, which had become feral and abundant on the island by the time European settlement began. In 1609, the English Virginia Company, which had established Jamestown in Virginia (a term originally applied to all of the North American continent) two years earlier, permanently settled Bermuda in the aftermath of a hurricane, when the crew and passengers of the Sea Venture steered the ship onto the surrounding reef to prevent its sinking, then landed ashore.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: The first known European explorer to reach Bermuda was of what nationality?
A: Spanish', '
Q: What is the name of the first European explorer to reach Bermuda?
A: Juan de Bermúdez', '
Q: What animal did the Spaniards or other Europeans bring to the island that then became wild inhabitants?
A: pigs', '
Q: What company permanently settled Bermuda?
A: the English Virginia Company', '
Q: Who was the first known European explorer to reach Bermuda?
A: Juan de Bermúdez', '
Q: In what year did Jaun de Bermudez first reach Bermuda?
A: 1503', '
Q: How many times did Bermudez visit the archipelago?
A: two', '
Q: What animal are European parties responsible for releasing in Bermuda?
A: pigs', '
Q: In what year did the English Virginia Company settle permanently in Bermuda?
A: 1609']
The island was administered as an extension of Virginia by the Company until 1614. Its spin-off, the Somers Isles Company, took over in 1615 and managed the colony until 1684. At that time, the company's charter was revoked, and the English Crown took over administration. The islands became a British colony following the 1707 unification of the parliaments of Scotland and England, which created the Kingdom of Great Britain. After 1949, when Newfoundland became part of Canada, Bermuda was automatically ranked as the oldest remaining British Overseas Territory. Since the return of Hong Kong to China in 1997, it is the most populous Territory. Its first capital, St. George's, was established in 1612 and is the oldest continuously inhabited English town in the New World.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is the capital of Bermuda?
A: St. George's", '
Q: What spin-off company took over operations in Bermuda in 1615?
A: Somers Isles Company', '
Q: In what year did Bermuda enter British rule?
A: 1707', '
Q: What is the name of the company that managed the colony from 1615-1684?
A: the Somers Isles Company', '
Q: In what year did the islands become a British colony?
A: 1707', '
Q: What event occured that automatically ranked Bermuda as the oldest remaining British Overseas Territory?
A: Newfoundland became part of Canada', "
Q: What was Bermuda's first capital?
A: St. George"]
Bermuda's economy is based on offshore insurance and reinsurance, and tourism, the two largest economic sectors. Bermuda had one of the world's highest GDP per capita for most of the 20th century and several years beyond. Recently, its economic status has been affected by the global recession. It has a subtropical climate. Bermuda is the northernmost point of the Bermuda Triangle, a region of sea in which, according to legend, a number of aircraft and surface vessels have disappeared under supposedly unexplained or mysterious circumstances. The island is in the hurricane belt and prone to severe weather. However, it is somewhat protected from the full force of a hurricane by the coral reef that surrounds the island.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What two business drive Bermuda's economy?
A: offshore insurance and reinsurance, and tourism", '
Q: What type of climate does Bermuda have?
A: subtropical', '
Q: Bermuda stands as a northern point in what susposed area of strange activity and disappearances?
A: Bermuda Triangle', '
Q: What protects the island from storms?
A: coral reef that surrounds the island', "
Q: What are Bermuda's largest economic sectors?
A: insurance and reinsurance, and tourism", "
Q: What occurance is the greatest factor affecting Bermuda's economy?
A: global recession", '
Q: Why is the Bermuda Triangle an area of interest?
A: a number of aircraft and surface vessels have disappeared under supposedly unexplained or mysterious circumstances.', '
Q: Why is the island safe from full hurricane devastation?
A: protected from the full force of a hurricane by the coral reef that surrounds the island.', '
Q: What is the climate of Bermuda?
A: subtropical']
Bermuda is a group of low-forming volcanoes located in the Atlantic Ocean, near the western edge of the Sargasso Sea, roughly 578 nautical miles (1,070 km (665 mi)) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras on the Outer Banks of North Carolina and about 594 nautical miles (1,100 km (684 mi)) southeast of Martha's Vineyard of Massachusetts. It is 898 nautical miles (1,664 km (1,034 mi)) northeast of Miami, Florida, and 667 nautical miles (1,236 km (768 mi)) from Cape Sable Island, in Nova Scotia, Canada. The islands lie due east of Fripp Island, South Carolina, west of Portugal and north of Puerto Rico.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Bermuda is located in what ocean?
A: Atlantic Ocean', '
Q: Bermuda is on the western fringe of what Sea?
A: Sargasso Sea', '
Q: Travel from Puerto Rico to Bermuda would be in which direction?
A: north', '
Q: Travel from Portugal to Bermuda would be in which direction?
A: west', '
Q: Travel from South Carolina to Bermuda would be in which direction?
A: due east', '
Q: What natural features compose Bermuda?
A: low-forming volcanoes', '
Q: In what major ocean is Bermuda located?
A: Atlantic Ocean', '
Q: Bermuda is located 898 nautical miles from what US city?
A: Miami', '
Q: Bermuda is closest (in nautical miles) to which US state?
A: North Carolina']
The archipelago is formed by high points on the rim of the caldera of a submarine volcano that forms a seamount. The volcano is one part of a range that was formed as part of the same process that formed the floor of the Atlantic, and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The top of the seamount has gone through periods of complete submergence, during which its limestone cap was formed by marine organisms, and during the Ice Ages the entire caldera was above sea level, forming an island of approximately two hundred square miles.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the limestone cap of the seamount made from?
A: marine organisms', '
Q: During the ice age, what area of land was above water?
A: approximately two hundred square miles', '
Q: Has the seamount always been above sealevel?
A: The top of the seamount has gone through periods of complete submergence', '
Q: What type of volcano forms the archipelago?
A: a submarine volcano', '
Q: Why is the top of the seamount formed by marine organisms?
A: periods of complete submergence,', '
Q: What was the result of the whole cladera being above sea level during the Ice Ages?
A: an island', '
Q: The submarine volcano was formed as part of the same proces as what two things?
A: the floor of the Atlantic, and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge']
Despite the small land mass, place names are repeated; there are, for example, two islands named Long Island, three bays named Long Bay (on Somerset, Main, and Cooper's islands), two Horseshoe Bays (one in Southampton, on the Main Island, the other at Morgan's Point, formerly Tucker's Island), there are two roads through cuttings called Khyber Pass (one in Warwick, the other in St. George's Parish), and St George's Town is located on St George's Island within St George's Parish (each known as St George's). There is a Hamilton Parish in addition to the City of Hamilton (which is in Pembroke Parish).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In the Bermuda land mass, how many islands are named "Long Island"?
A: two', '
Q: In the Bermuda land mass, how many bays are named "Horseshoe Bay"?
A: two', '
Q: In the Bermuda land mass, how many bays are named "Long Bay"?
A: three', "
Q: Where can St. George's Town be found?
A: St George's Island within St George's Parish", '
Q: What are three of the bays named?
A: Long Bay', "
Q: What name do the bays in Southampton and Morgan's Point share?
A: Horseshoe", "
Q: St. George's Town, St. George's Island and St. George's Parish are all referred to as what?
A: St George's", '
Q: What is the name of the Parish located in the City of Hamilton?
A: Hamilton Parish']
Bermuda's pink sand beaches and clear, cerulean blue ocean waters are popular with tourists. Many of Bermuda's hotels are located along the south shore of the island. In addition to its beaches, there are a number of sightseeing attractions. Historic St George's is a designated World Heritage Site. Scuba divers can explore numerous wrecks and coral reefs in relatively shallow water (typically 30–40 ft or 9–12 m in depth), with virtually unlimited visibility. Many nearby reefs are readily accessible from shore by snorkellers, especially at Church Bay.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What directional shore of Bermuda is home to the majority of its hotels?
A: the south shore of the island', "
Q: Bermuda's coral reefs, shipwrecks, and shallow waters are great for what activity in particular?
A: Scuba", "
Q: Historic St. George's has been given what distinction?
A: World Heritage Site", "
Q: What odd color of sand draws tourists to Bermuda's beaches?
A: pink", "
Q: Where are the majority of Bermuda's hotels?
A: south shore of the island", '
Q: What makes Bermuda a popular tourist destination?
A: pink sand beaches and clear, cerulean blue ocean waters', '
Q: What has St. George been designated as?
A: World Heritage Site', '
Q: Why are divers attracted to Bermuda?
A: numerous wrecks and coral reefs in relatively shallow water', '
Q: Why is Bermuda a great place for snorkellers?
A: Many nearby reefs are readily accessible from shore']
The only indigenous mammals of Bermuda are five species of bats, all of which are also found in the eastern United States: Lasionycteris noctivagans, Lasiurus borealis, Lasiurus cinereus, Lasiurus seminolus and Perimyotis subflavus. Other commonly known fauna of Bermuda include its national bird, the Bermuda petrel or cahow. It was rediscovered in 1951 after having been thought extinct since the 1620s. It is important as an example of a Lazarus species. The government has a programme to protect it, including restoration of a habitat area. The Bermuda rock skink was long thought to have been the only indigenous land vertebrate of Bermuda, discounting the marine turtles that lay their eggs on its beaches. Recently through genetic DNA studies, scientists have discovered that a species of turtle, the diamondback terrapin, previously thought to have been introduced, pre-dated the arrival of humans in the archipelago. As this species spends most of its time in brackish ponds, some question whether it should be classified as a land vertebrate to compete with the skink's unique status.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: The only indigenous mammals of Bermuda are five species of what animal?
A: bats', '
Q: What is the national bird of Bermuda?
A: Bermuda petrel or cahow', '
Q: What animal was believe to be the only land vertebrate of Bermuda?
A: Bermuda rock skink', '
Q: What animal was found, through DNA testing, to pre-date the arrival of humans to the archipelago?
A: diamondback terrapin', '
Q: What are the only native mammals found in Bermuda?
A: bats', '
Q: What is the national bird of Bermuda?
A: Bermuda petrel or cahow', '
Q: Why is the National bird of importance?
A: example of a Lazarus species', "
Q: What animal has held the title of Bermuda's only native land vertabrate?
A: Bermuda rock skink", '
Q: Why is there a debate as to dubbing the diamondback terrapin the oldest indigenous land vertebrate?
A: this species spends most of its time in brackish ponds']
The island experienced large-scale immigration over the 20th century, especially after the Second World War. Bermuda has a diverse population including both those with relatively deep roots in Bermuda extending back for centuries, and newer communities whose ancestry results from recent immigration, especially from Britain, North America, the West Indies, and the Portuguese Atlantic islands (especially the Azores), although these groups are steadily merging. About 46% of the population identified themselves with Bermudian ancestry in 2010, which was a decrease from the 51% who did so in the 2000 census. Those identifying with British ancestry dropped by 1% to 11% (although those born in Britain remain the largest non-native group at 3,942 persons). The number of people born in Canada declined by 13%. Those who reported West Indian ancestry were 13%. The number of people born in the West Indies actually increased by 538. A significant segment of the population is of Portuguese ancestry (10%), the result of immigration over the past 160 years, of whom 79% have residency status.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did Bermuda have a large amount of people immigrating to it?
A: 20th century, especially after the Second World War.', '
Q: Where are the largest group of non-native people in Bermuda from?
A: Britain', '
Q: According to census result, there was the greatest decline in people claiming what ancestry?
A: Bermudian', '
Q: Which cultural group can claim 79% residency?
A: Portuguese']
The deeper ancestral demography of Bermuda's population has been obscured by the ethnic homogenisation of the last four centuries. There is effectively no ethnic distinction between black and white Bermudians, other than those characterising recent immigrant communities. In the 17th century, this was not so. For the first hundred years of settlement, white Protestants of English heritage were the distinct majority, with white minorities of Irish (the native language of many of whom can be assumed to have been Gaelic) and Scots sent to Bermuda after the English invasions of their homelands that followed the English Civil War. Non-white minorities included Spanish-speaking, free (indentured) blacks from the West Indies, black chattel slaves primarily captured from Spanish and Portuguese ships by Bermudian privateers, and Native Americans, primarily from the Algonquian and other tribes of the Atlantic seaboard, but possibly from as far away as Mexico. By the 19th century, the white ethnically-English Bermudians had lost their numerical advantage. Despite the banning of the importation of Irish, and the repeated attempts to force free blacks to emigrate and the owners of black slaves to export them, the merging of the various minority groups, along with some of the white English, had resulted in a new demographic group, "coloured" (which term, in Bermuda, referred to anyone not wholly of European ancestry) Bermudians, gaining a slight majority. Any child born before or since then to one coloured and one white parent has been added to the coloured statistic. Most of those historically described as "coloured" are today described as "black", or "of African heritage", which obscures their non-African heritage (those previously described as "coloured" who were not of African ancestry had been very few, though the numbers of South Asians, particularly, is now growing. The number of persons born in Asian countries doubled between the 2000 and the 2010 censuses), blacks have remained in the majority, with new white immigration from Portugal, Britain and elsewhere countered by black immigration from the West Indies.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: There is no distinction between what two ethnicities of Bermudians?
A: black and white', '
Q: Which ethnicity claimed the majority in Bermuda during the 17th century?
A: white Protestants of English heritage', '
Q: Anyone in Bermuda that is not considered 100% of European heritage is referred to as what?
A: coloured', '
Q: Why is it problematic that the "coloured" population of Bermuda is now referred to as "black" or "African heritage"?
A: obscures their non-African heritage', '
Q: There has been a double in the population of people born in which country?
A: Asian']