romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Post-European-contact Chamorro culture is a combination of American, Spanish, Filipino, other Micronesian Islander and Mexican traditions, with few remaining indigenous pre-Hispanic customs. These influences are manifested in the local language, music, dance, sea navigation, cuisine, fishing, games (such as batu, chonka, estuleks, and bayogu), songs and fashion. During Spanish colonial rule (1668–1898) the majority of the population was converted to Roman Catholicism and religious festivities such as Easter and Christmas became widespread. Post-contact Chamorro cuisine is largely based on corn, and includes tortillas, tamales, atole and chilaquiles, which are a clear influence from Spanish trade between Mesoamerica and Asia. The modern Chamorro language is a Malayo-Polynesian language with much Spanish and Filipino influence. Many Chamorros also have Spanish surnames because of their conversion to Roman Catholic Christianity and the adoption of names from the Catálogo alfabético de apellidos, a phenomenon also common to the Philippines.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: hat years did the Spanish rule Guam?
A: 1668–1898', '
Q: What religion was the general population converted to?
A: Roman Catholicism', '
Q: Which two major holidays become popular in Guam?
A: Easter and Christmas', '
Q: What is the name of the modern Chamorro language?
A: Malayo-Polynesian']
Two aspects of indigenous pre-Hispanic culture that withstood time are chenchule' and inafa'maolek. Chenchule' is the intricate system of reciprocity at the heart of Chamorro society. It is rooted in the core value of inafa'maolek. Historian Lawrence Cunningham in 1992 wrote, "In a Chamorro sense, the land and its produce belong to everyone. Inafa'maolek, or interdependence, is the key, or central value, in Chamorro culture ... Inafa'maolek depends on a spirit of cooperation and sharing. This is the armature, or core, that everything in Chamorro culture revolves around. It is a powerful concern for mutuality rather than individualism and private property rights."

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What two indiginous pre-hispanic culture has survived to this point?
A: chenchule' and inafa'maolek", '
Q: What is the name of the intricate system in Guam?
A: . Chenchule', '
Q: What do the Chamorro believe in according to Historian Lawrence Cinningham
A: the land and its produce belong to everyone']
The core culture or Pengngan Chamorro is based on complex social protocol centered upon respect: From sniffing over the hands of the elders (called mangnginge in Chamorro), the passing down of legends, chants, and courtship rituals, to a person asking for permission from spiritual ancestors before entering a jungle or ancient battle grounds. Other practices predating Spanish conquest include galaide' canoe-making, making of the belembaotuyan (a string musical instrument made from a gourd), fashioning of åcho' atupat slings and slingstones, tool manufacture, Måtan Guma' burial rituals, and preparation of herbal medicines by Suruhanu.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the culture of Pengngan Chamorro based on?
A: social protocol', '
Q: What does mangnging refer to that directly involves one major human scense?
A: sniffing over the hands of the elders', '
Q: What is a belembaotuyan in Guam?
A: string musical instrument made from a gourd']
The cosmopolitan and multicultural nature of modern Guam poses challenges for Chamorros struggling to preserve their culture and identity amidst forces of acculturation. The increasing numbers of Chamorros, especially Chamorro youth, relocating to the U.S. Mainland has further complicated both definition and preservation of Chamorro identity.[citation needed] While only a few masters exist to continue traditional art forms, the resurgence of interest among the Chamorros to preserve the language and culture has resulted in a growing number of young Chamorros who seek to continue the ancient ways of the Chamorro people.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What posses some challenges for the Chamorros who find it hard to keep their culture?
A: cosmopolitan and multicultural nature of modern Guam', "
Q: What else has led to the Chamorro find it hard to keep their culture that involves it's children?
A: relocating to the U.S. Mainland", '
Q: What has recently led to a resurgence in the Chamorros culture and preservation of their old ways?
A: young Chamorros who seek to continue the ancient ways of the Chamorro people.']
Guam is governed by a popularly elected governor and a unicameral 15-member legislature, whose members are known as senators. Guam elects one non-voting delegate, currently Democrat Madeleine Z. Bordallo, to the United States House of Representatives. U.S. citizens in Guam vote in a straw poll for their choice in the U.S. Presidential general election, but since Guam has no votes in the Electoral College, the poll has no real effect. However, in sending delegates to the Republican and Democratic national conventions, Guam does have influence in the national presidential race. These delegates are elected by local party conventions.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many people make up the Guam legislation?
A: 15', '
Q: Who is the current non-voting delegate for Guam?
A: Democrat Madeleine Z. Bordallo', '
Q: How many electoral votes does Guam currently have?
A: Guam has no votes']
In the 1980s and early 1990s, there was a significant movement in favor of the territory becoming a commonwealth, which would give it a level of self-government similar to Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands. However, the federal government rejected the version of a commonwealth that the government of Guam proposed, due to it having clauses incompatible with the Territorial Clause (Art. IV, Sec. 3, cl. 2) of the U.S. Constitution. Other movements advocate U.S. statehood for Guam, union with the state of Hawaii, union with the Northern Mariana Islands as a single territory, or independence.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What major movement occurred in Guam in the 80's and 90's?
A: becoming a commonwealth", '
Q: Why would Guam becoming a commonwealth be so important?
A: would give it a level of self-government similar to Puerto Rico', '
Q: What is the name of this U.S state that could possibly form a union with Guam?
A: Hawaii']
The U.S. military has proposed building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam and moving 8,600 Marines, and 9,000 of their dependents, to Guam from Okinawa, Japan. Including the required construction workers, this buildup would increase Guam's population by 45%. In a February 2010 letter, the United States Environmental Protection Agency sharply criticized these plans because of a water shortfall, sewage problems and the impact on coral reefs. By 2012, these plans had been cut to only have a maximum of 4,800 Marines stationed on the island, two thirds of which would be there on a rotational basis without their dependents.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What has the U.S military proposed?
A: building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam', '
Q: How many Marines would the United States move to Guam?
A: 8,600 Marines', '
Q: Because of the EPA, how many Marines would the United States be able to send to Guam to live?
A: 4,800 Marines']
Lying in the western Pacific, Guam is a popular destination for Japanese tourists. Its tourist hub, Tumon, features over 20 large hotels, a Duty Free Shoppers Galleria, Pleasure Island district, indoor aquarium, Sandcastle Las Vegas–styled shows and other shopping and entertainment venues. It is a relatively short flight from Asia or Australia compared to Hawaii, with hotels and seven public golf courses accommodating over a million tourists per year. Although 75% of the tourists are Japanese, Guam receives a sizable number of tourists from South Korea, the U.S., the Philippines, and Taiwan. Significant sources of revenue include duty-free designer shopping outlets, and the American-style malls: Micronesia Mall, Guam Premier Outlets, the Agana Shopping Center, and the world's largest Kmart.[citation needed]

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What tourist commonly visits Guam?
A: Japanese', '
Q: Around how many Hotels does Guam currently have?
A: 20 large hotels', '
Q: How many public golf courses does Guam currently have?
A: seven', '
Q: About how many tourist visit Guam yearly?
A: a million', '
Q: Which major U.S store does Guam currently have that happens to be the largest in the world?
A: Kmart']
The Compacts of Free Association between the United States, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau accorded the former entities of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands a political status of "free association" with the United States. The Compacts give citizens of these island nations generally no restrictions to reside in the United States (also its territories), and many were attracted to Guam due to its proximity, environmental, and cultural familiarity. Over the years, it was claimed by some in Guam that the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement in the form of public assistance programs and public education for those from the regions involved, and the federal government should compensate the states and territories affected by this type of migration.[citation needed] Over the years, Congress had appropriated "Compact Impact" aids to Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and Hawaii, and eventually this appropriation was written into each renewed Compact. Some, however, continue to claim the compensation is not enough or that the distribution of actual compensation received is significantly disproportionate.[citation needed]

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the name of the pact held between the United States, Micronesia, Marshal Islands, and Palau?
A: The Compacts of Free Association', '
Q: What is the benefit of the  Compacts of Free Association?
A: no restrictions to reside in the United States (also its territories)', '
Q: What has Guam claimed about Compacts of Free Association?
A: the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement']
In 1899, the local postage stamps were overprinted "Guam" as was done for the other former Spanish colonies, but this was discontinued shortly thereafter and regular U.S. postage stamps have been used ever since. Because Guam is also part of the U.S. Postal System (postal abbreviation: GU, ZIP code range: 96910–96932), mail to Guam from the U.S. mainland is considered domestic and no additional charges are required. Private shipping companies, such as FedEx, UPS, and DHL, however, have no obligation to do so, and do not regard Guam as domestic.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year was the local postage stamp overprinted and has since been replaced?
A: 1899', '
Q: What type of postal service does Guam currently have today?
A: U.S. postage', '
Q: What is the current Zip Code range in Guam?
A: 96910–96932', '
Q: Which three major companies do not consider Guam as domestic when shipping is involved?
A: FedEx, UPS, and DHL']
The speed of mail traveling between Guam and the states varies depending on size and time of year. Light, first-class items generally take less than a week to or from the mainland, but larger first-class or Priority items can take a week or two. Fourth-class mail, such as magazines, are transported by sea after reaching Hawaii. Most residents use post office boxes or private mail boxes, although residential delivery is becoming increasingly available. Incoming mail not from the Americas should be addressed to "Guam" instead of "USA" to avoid being routed the long way through the U.S. mainland and possibly charged a higher rate (especially from Asia).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What determines the speed in which mail reaches Guam from the United States?
A: on size and time of year', '
Q: Which type of service usually takes less than a week to get postage to the island?
A: first-class', '
Q: What do most Guam residents use when receiving mail?
A: post office boxes or private mail boxes']
The Commercial Port of Guam is the island's lifeline because most products must be shipped into Guam for consumers. It receives the weekly calls of the Hawaii-based shipping line Matson, Inc. whose container ships connect Guam with Honolulu, Hawaii, Los Angeles, California, Oakland, California and Seattle, Washington. The port is also the regional transhipment hub for over 500,000 customers throughout the Micronesian region. The port is the shipping and receiving point for containers designated for the island's U.S. Department of Defense installations, Andersen Air Force Base and Commander, Naval Forces Marianas and eventually the Third Marine Expeditionary Force.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is considered to be the lifeline of Guam?
A: The Commercial Port', '
Q: What is the name of the shipping company in Hawaii that connects Guam?
A: Matson, Inc', '
Q: Why is the port so important?
A: most products must be shipped into Guam for consumers']
Guam is served by the Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport, which is a hub for United Airlines. The island is outside the United States customs zone so Guam is responsible for establishing and operating its own customs and quarantine agency and jurisdiction. Therefore, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection only carries immigration (but not customs) functions. Since Guam is under federal immigration jurisdiction, passengers arriving directly from the United States skip immigration and proceed directly to Guam Customs and Quarantine.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the name of the international airport in Guam?
A: Antonio B. Won Pat', '
Q: What major airline resides at the airport?
A: United Airlines', '
Q: What is Guam responsible for when goods both come in and leave?
A: operating its own customs and quarantine agency']
Believed to be a stowaway on a U.S. military transport near the end of World War II, the brown tree snake (Boiga irregularis) was accidentally introduced to Guam, that previously had no native species of snake. It nearly eliminated the native bird population. The problem was exacerbated because the reptile has no natural predators on the island. The brown tree snake, known locally as the kulebla, is native to northern and eastern coasts of Australia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. While slightly venomous, the snake is relatively harmless to human beings. Although some studies have suggested a high density of these serpents on Guam, residents rarely see the nocturnal creatures. The United States Department of Agriculture has trained detector dogs to keep the snakes out of the island's cargo flow. The United States Geological Survey also has dogs capable of detecting snakes in forested environments around the region's islands.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which animal was accidentally introduced into Guam?
A: brown tree snake', '
Q: What was accidentally introduced into Guam?
A: brown tree snake', '
Q: With the introduction of a non native snake in the area of Guam what impact did it have the island?
A: nearly eliminated the native bird population', "
Q: What has the U.S Department of Agriculture done to help watch for the snakes?
A: has trained detector dogs to keep the snakes out of the island's cargo flow"]
Before the introduction of the brown tree snake, Guam was home to several endemic bird species. Among them were the Guam rail (or ko'ko' bird in Chamorro) and the Guam flycatcher, both common throughout the island. Today the flycatcher is entirely extinct while the Guam rail is extinct in the wild but bred in captivity by the Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources. The devastation caused by the snake has been significant over the past several decades. As many as twelve bird species are believed to have been driven to extinction. According to many elders, ko'ko' birds were common in Guam before World War II.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What are the names of the two native birds in Guam before the brown snake intrusion?
A: Guam rail (or ko'ko' bird in Chamorro) and the Guam flycatcher", '
Q: How many bird species have been driven to extinction in Guam?
A: twelve bird species', "
Q: What other bird was very common before WWII according to the elders?
A: ko'ko' birds"]
An infestation of the coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB), Oryctes rhinoceros, was detected on Guam on September 12, 2007. CRB is not known to occur in the United States except in American Samoa. Delimiting surveys performed September 13–25, 2007 indicated that the infestation was limited to Tumon Bay and Faifai Beach, an area of approximately 900 acres (3.6 km2). Guam Department of Agriculture (GDA) placed quarantine on all properties within the Tumon area on October 5 and later expanded the quarantine to about 2,500 acres (10 km2) on October 25; approximately 0.5 miles (800 m) radius in all directions from all known locations of CRB infestation. CRB is native to Southern Asia and distributed throughout Asia and the Western Pacific including Sri Lanka, Upolu, Samoa, American Samoa, Palau, New Britain, West Irian, New Ireland, Pak Island and Manus Island (New Guinea), Fiji, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Mauritius, and Reunion.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What insect was detected in 2007?
A: coconut rhinoceros beetle', '
Q: What other American territory has these beetles that have infested Guam?
A: American Samoa', '
Q: Where is the Coconut Beetle native to?
A: Southern Asia']
Wildfires plague the forested areas of Guam every dry season despite the island's humid climate. Most fires are man-caused with 80% resulting from arson. Poachers often start fires to attract deer to the new growth. Invasive grass species that rely on fire as part of their natural life cycle grow in many regularly burned areas. Grasslands and "barrens" have replaced previously forested areas leading to greater soil erosion. During the rainy season sediment is carried by the heavy rains into the Fena Lake Reservoir and Ugum River, leading to water quality problems for southern Guam. Eroded silt also destroys the marine life in reefs around the island. Soil stabilization efforts by volunteers and forestry workers (planting trees) have had little success in preserving natural habitats.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What plagues the Guam dry season?
A: Wildfires', '
Q: What are the cause of the majority of the fires in the area?
A: man', '
Q: What causes water quality problems in Guam?
A: sediment is carried by the heavy rains into the Fena Lake Reservoir and Ugum River']
Efforts have been made to protect Guam's coral reef habitats from pollution, eroded silt and overfishing, problems that have led to decreased fish populations. (Since Guam is a significant vacation spot for scuba divers, this is important.) In recent years, the Department of Agriculture, Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources has established several new marine preserves where fish populations are monitored by biologists. Before adopting U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards, portions of Tumon Bay were dredged by the hotel chains to provide a better experience for hotel guests. Tumon Bay has since been made into a preserve. A federal Guam National Wildlife Refuge in northern Guam protects the decimated sea turtle population in addition to a small colony of Mariana fruit bats.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What has Guam recently being trying to protect?
A: coral reef habitats', '
Q: What has led to the decrease of fish near Guam?
A: pollution, eroded silt and overfishing', '
Q: What is the name of the flying mammal in Guam that some are concerned for?
A: Mariana fruit bats']
The University of Guam (UOG) and Guam Community College, both fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges, offer courses in higher education. UOG is a member of the exclusive group of only 76 U.S. land-grant institutions in the entire United States. Pacific Islands University is a small Christian liberal arts institution nationally accredited by the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools. They offer courses at both the undergraduate and graduate levels.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are the names of the two colleges in Guam?
A: The University of Guam (UOG) and Guam Community College', '
Q: Who are these two schools accredited by?
A: Western Association of Schools and Colleges', '
Q: What is the name of the small Christian college in Guam?
A: Pacific Islands University']
The Guam Department of Education serves the entire island of Guam. In 2000, 32,000 students attended Guam's public schools. Guam Public Schools have struggled with problems such as high dropout rates and poor test scores. Guam's educational system has always faced unique challenges as a small community located 6,000 miles (9,700 km) from the U.S. mainland with a very diverse student body including many students who come from backgrounds without traditional American education. An economic downturn in Guam since the mid-1990s has compounded the problems in schools.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many students as of 2000 were attending public schools in Guam?
A: 32,000', '
Q: What has plagued Guam public schools?
A: high dropout rates and poor test scores', '
Q: What is the name of the governing body of the school in all of Guam?
A: The Guam Department of Education']
The Government of Guam maintains the island's main health care facility, Guam Memorial Hospital, in Tamuning. U.S. board certified doctors and dentists practice in all specialties. In addition, the U.S. Naval Hospital in Agana Heights serves active-duty members and dependents of the military community. There is one subscriber-based air ambulance located on the island, CareJet, which provides emergency patient transportation across Guam and surrounding islands. A private hospital, the Guam Regional Medical City opened its doors in early 2016.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Who runs Guam's main health care facility?
A: The Government of Guam", '
Q: What is the name of the main health care facility in Guam?
A: Guam Memorial Hospital', '
Q: Which privately owned medical facility opened in 2016?
A: Guam Regional Medical City']
Philosophical empiricists hold no knowledge to be properly inferred or deduced unless it is derived from one's sense-based experience. This view is commonly contrasted with rationalism, which states that knowledge may be derived from reason independently of the senses. For example, John Locke held that some knowledge (e.g. knowledge of God's existence) could be arrived at through intuition and reasoning alone. Similarly Robert Boyle, a prominent advocate of the experimental method, held that we have innate ideas. The main continental rationalists (Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz) were also advocates of the empirical "scientific method".

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is commonly contrasted with empiricism?
A: rationalism', '
Q: Where does rationalism say knowledge comes from?
A: reason independently of the senses', "
Q: What is an example knowledge being derived from intuition?
A: knowledge of God's existence", '
Q: What did Locke think some knowledge could come from?
A: intuition and reasoning alone', '
Q: Where were the main European rationalists?
A: Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz']