romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Bath Rugby play at the Recreation Ground in Bath, and the Somerset County Cricket Club are based at the County Ground in Taunton. The county gained its first Football League club in 2003, when Yeovil Town won promotion to Division Three as Football Conference champions. They had achieved numerous FA Cup victories over football League sides in the past 50 years, and since joining the elite they have won promotion again—as League Two champions in 2005. They came close to yet another promotion in 2007, when they reached the League One playoff final, but lost to Blackpool at the newly reopened Wembley Stadium. Yeovil achieved promotion to the Championship in 2013 after beating Brentford in the playoff final. Horse racing courses are at Taunton and Wincanton.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where does the rugby team play 
A: Bath Rugby play at the Recreation Ground in Bath', "
Q: The county's first football team is 
A: Yeovil Town won promotion to Division Three as Football Conference champions", '
Q: When did yeovil achieve promotion to the champion league 
A: Yeovil achieved promotion to the Championship in 2013 after beating Brentford in the playoff final', '
Q: Where are the horse races held 
A: Horse racing courses are at Taunton and Wincanton']
The Somerset Coal Canal was built in the early 19th century to reduce the cost of transportation of coal and other heavy produce. The first 16 kilometres (10 mi), running from a junction with the Kennet and Avon Canal, along the Cam valley, to a terminal basin at Paulton, were in use by 1805, together with several tramways. A planned 11.7 km (7.3 mi) branch to Midford was never built, but in 1815 a tramway was laid along its towing path. In 1871 the tramway was purchased by the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway (S&DJR), and operated until the 1950s.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Why was the Somerset county Canal built 
A: to reduce the cost of transportation of coal and other heavy produce', '
Q: What was in use along the canal 
A: several tramways', '
Q: What was never built 
A: A planned 11.7 km (7.3 mi) branch to Midford was never built', '
Q: What was laid on the path to Midford 
A: in 1815 a tramway was laid along its towing path', '
Q: Who purchased the tramway in 1871
A: In 1871 the tramway was purchased by the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway (S&DJR), and operated until the 1950s']
The usefulness of the canals was short-lived, though some have now been restored for recreation. The 19th century also saw the construction of railways to and through Somerset. The county was served by five pre-1923 Grouping railway companies: the Great Western Railway (GWR); a branch of the Midland Railway (MR) to Bath Green Park (and another one to Bristol); the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway, and the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR). The former main lines of the GWR are still in use today, although many of its branch lines were scrapped under the notorious Beeching Axe. The former lines of the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway closed completely, as has the branch of the Midland Railway to Bath Green Park (and to Bristol St Philips); however, the L&SWR survived as a part of the present West of England Main Line. None of these lines, in Somerset, are electrified. Two branch lines, the West and East Somerset Railways, were rescued and transferred back to private ownership as "heritage" lines. The fifth railway was a short-lived light railway, the Weston, Clevedon and Portishead Light Railway. The West Somerset Mineral Railway carried the iron ore from the Brendon Hills to Watchet.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How long were canals used 
A: usefulness of the canals was short-lived, though some have now been restored for recreation', '
Q: What was built int the 19th century 
A: 19th century also saw the construction of railways to and through Somerset', '
Q: How many railways served the county 
A: The county was served by five pre-1923 Grouping railway companies', '
Q: Were any of the railways  electrified 
A: None of these lines, in Somerset, are electrified.', '
Q: What railways lines are still in use today 
A: The former main lines of the GWR are still in use today, although many of its branch lines were scrapped under the notorious Beeching Axe']
Until the 1960s the piers at Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon, Portishead and Minehead were served by the paddle steamers of P and A Campbell who ran regular services to Barry and Cardiff as well as Ilfracombe and Lundy Island. The pier at Burnham-on-Sea was used for commercial goods, one of the reasons for the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway was to provide a link between the Bristol Channel and the English Channel. The pier at Burnham-on-Sea is the shortest pier in the UK. In the 1970s the Royal Portbury Dock was constructed to provide extra capacity for the Port of Bristol.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What  did paddle streamers serve until the 1960's 
A: the piers at Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon, Portishead and Minehead were served by the paddle steamers of P and A Campbell", '
Q: What was the pier on Burnham -on-sea used for 
A: The pier at Burnham-on-Sea was used for commercial goods', '
Q: What is the shortest pier in the UK 
A: The pier at Burnham-on-Sea is the shortest pier in the UK', "
Q: What was constructed in the 1970's 
A: In the 1970s the Royal Portbury Dock was constructed to provide extra capacity for the Port of Bristol"]
State schools in Somerset are provided by three local education authorities: Bath and North East Somerset, North Somerset, and the larger Somerset County Council. All state schools are comprehensive. In some areas primary, infant and junior schools cater for ages four to eleven, after which the pupils move on to secondary schools. There is a three-tier system of first, middle and upper schools in the Cheddar Valley, and in West Somerset, while most other schools in the county use the two-tier system. Somerset has 30 state and 17 independent secondary schools; Bath and North East Somerset has 13 state and 5 independent secondary schools; and North Somerset has 10 state and 2 independent secondary schools, excluding sixth form colleges.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are the  state schools in somerset 
A: Bath and North East Somerset, North Somerset, and the larger Somerset County Council', '
Q: What are the 3 tiers of school 
A: a three-tier system of first, middle and upper schools in the Cheddar Valley, and in West Somerset', '
Q: How many state and independent secondary  schools in Somerset 
A: Somerset has 30 state and 17 independent secondary schools']
Some of the county's secondary schools have specialist school status. Some schools have sixth forms and others transfer their sixth formers to colleges. Several schools can trace their origins back many years, such as The Blue School in Wells and Richard Huish College in Taunton. Others have changed their names over the years such as Beechen Cliff School which was started in 1905 as the City of Bath Boys' School and changed to its present name in 1972 when the grammar school was amalgamated with a local secondary modern school, to form a comprehensive school. Many others were established and built since the Second World War. In 2006, 5,900 pupils in Somerset sat GCSE examinations, with 44.5% achieving 5 grades A-C including English and Maths (compared to 45.8% for England).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What schools can trace their origins back 
A: Several schools can trace their origins back many years, such as The Blue School in Wells and Richard Huish College in Taunton', "
Q: What was the original name of the Beechen Cliff School
A: started in 1905 as the City of Bath Boys' School", '
Q: In 2006 Somerset students performed how well compared to England as a whole 
A: In 2006, 5,900 pupils in Somerset sat GCSE examinations, with 44.5% achieving 5 grades A-C including English and Maths (compared to 45.8% for England).']
There is also a range of independent or public schools. Many of these are for pupils between 11 and 18 years, such as King's College, Taunton and Taunton School. King's School, Bruton, was founded in 1519 and received royal foundation status around 30 years later in the reign of Edward VI. Millfield is the largest co-educational boarding school. There are also preparatory schools for younger children, such as All Hallows, and Hazlegrove Preparatory School. Chilton Cantelo School offers places both to day pupils and boarders aged 7 to 16. Other schools provide education for children from the age of 3 or 4 years through to 18, such as King Edward's School, Bath, Queen's College, Taunton and Wells Cathedral School which is one of the five established musical schools for school-age children in Britain. Some of these schools have religious affiliations, such as Monkton Combe School, Prior Park College, Sidcot School which is associated with the Religious Society of Friends, Downside School which is a Roman Catholic public school in Stratton-on-the-Fosse, situated next to the Benedictine Downside Abbey, and Kingswood School, which was founded by John Wesley in 1748 in Kingswood near Bristol, originally for the education of the sons of the itinerant ministers (clergy) of the Methodist Church.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What school in Bruton was given royal  foundation status 
A: King's School, Bruton, was founded in 1519 and received royal foundation status around 30 years later", '
Q: What are some prepatory schools for younger students 
A: such as All Hallows, and Hazlegrove Preparatory School', '
Q: What is one of the Musical schools 
A: Wells Cathedral School which is one of the five established musical schools for school-age children in Britain', '
Q: What is a roman catholic school 
A: Downside School which is a Roman Catholic public school in Stratton-on-the-Fosse']
The University of Bath and Bath Spa University are higher education establishments in the north-east of the county. The University of Bath gained its Royal Charter in 1966, although its origins go back to the Bristol Trade School (founded 1856) and Bath School of Pharmacy (founded 1907). It has a purpose-built campus at Claverton on the outskirts of Bath, and has 15,000 students. Bath Spa University, which is based at Newton St Loe, achieved university status in 2005, and has origins including the Bath Academy of Art (founded 1898), Bath Teacher Training College, and the Bath College of Higher Education. It has several campuses and 5,500 students.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Bath school of pharmacy founded in 
A: Bath School of Pharmacy (founded 1907', '
Q: When did Bath Spa Gain University status
A: achieved university status in 2005', '
Q: When did the university of Bath gain royal charter 
A: The University of Bath gained its Royal Charter in 1966, although its origins go back to the Bristol Trade School', '
Q: What University are in Bath 
A: The University of Bath and Bath Spa University are higher education establishments in the north-east of the county']
Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 in Saybrook Colony as the Collegiate School, the University is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States. The school was renamed Yale College in 1718 in recognition of a gift from Elihu Yale, who was governor of the British East India Company. Established to train Congregationalist ministers in theology and sacred languages, by 1777 the school's curriculum began to incorporate humanities and sciences. In the 19th century the school incorporated graduate and professional instruction, awarding the first Ph.D. in the United States in 1861 and organizing as a university in 1887.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was the Collegiate School of Saybrook Colony founded?
A: 1701', '
Q: When was the Collegiate School renamed to Yale College?
A: 1718', '
Q: Why was the school named Yale College?
A: recognition of a gift from Elihu Yale', '
Q: When did Yale first incorporate humanities and sciences?
A: by 1777', '
Q: When did Yale issue the first Ph.D in the United States?
A: 1861']
Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools: the original undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and twelve professional schools. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each school's faculty oversees its curriculum and degree programs. In addition to a central campus in downtown New Haven, the University owns athletic facilities in western New Haven, including the Yale Bowl, a campus in West Haven, Connecticut, and forest and nature preserves throughout New England. The university's assets include an endowment valued at $25.6 billion as of September 2015, the second largest of any educational institution.The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many schools is Yale composed of?
A: fourteen', "
Q: How much is Yale's endowment worth?
A: $25.6 billion", '
Q: How many books are in the Yale University Library?
A: 15 million', '
Q: Who runs Yale College?
A: Yale Corporation', '
Q: Where is the main Yale campus?
A: downtown New Haven']
Yale traces its beginnings to "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School," passed by the General Court of the Colony of Connecticut on October 9, 1701, while meeting in New Haven. The Act was an effort to create an institution to train ministers and lay leadership for Connecticut. Soon thereafter, a group of ten Congregationalist ministers: Samuel Andrew, Thomas Buckingham, Israel Chauncy, Samuel Mather, Rev. James Noyes II (son of James Noyes), James Pierpont, Abraham Pierson, Noadiah Russell, Joseph Webb and Timothy Woodbridge, all alumni of Harvard, met in the study of Reverend Samuel Russell in Branford, Connecticut, to pool their books to form the school's library. The group, led by James Pierpont, is now known as "The Founders".[citation needed]

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School" approved?
A: October 9, 1701', '
Q: Who voted on "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School"?
A: General Court of the Colony of Connecticut', "
Q: What was the name of the group that started Yale's library?
A: The Founders", '
Q: Why was "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School" proposed?
A: to create an institution to train ministers and lay leadership for Connecticut', '
Q: Where did "The Founders" go to school?
A: Harvard']
In 1718, at the behest of either Rector Samuel Andrew or the colony's Governor Gurdon Saltonstall, Cotton Mather contacted a successful businessman named Elihu Yale, who lived in Wales but had been born in Boston and whose father, David, had been one of the original settlers in New Haven, to ask him for financial help in constructing a new building for the college. Through the persuasion of Jeremiah Dummer, Yale, who had made a fortune through trade while living in Madras as a representative of the East India Company, donated nine bales of goods, which were sold for more than £560, a substantial sum at the time. Cotton Mather suggested that the school change its name to Yale College. Meanwhile, a Harvard graduate working in England convinced some 180 prominent intellectuals that they should donate books to Yale. The 1714 shipment of 500 books represented the best of modern English literature, science, philosophy and theology. It had a profound effect on intellectuals at Yale. Undergraduate Jonathan Edwards discovered John Locke's works and developed his original theology known as the "new divinity." In 1722 the Rector and six of his friends, who had a study group to discuss the new ideas, announced that they had given up Calvinism, become Arminians, and joined the Church of England. They were ordained in England and returned to the colonies as missionaries for the Anglican faith. Thomas Clapp became president in 1745, and struggled to return the college to Calvinist orthodoxy; but he did not close the library. Other students found Deist books in the library.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where did Elihu Yale grow up?
A: Wales', '
Q: Where was Elihu Yale born?
A: Boston', "
Q: What was Elihu Yale's father's name?
A: David", '
Q: Who suggested the new name of Yale?
A: Cotton Mather', '
Q: How many books were in the 1714 shipment to Yale?
A: 500']
Serious American students of theology and divinity, particularly in New England, regarded Hebrew as a classical language, along with Greek and Latin, and essential for study of the Old Testament in the original words. The Reverend Ezra Stiles, president of the College from 1778 to 1795, brought with him his interest in the Hebrew language as a vehicle for studying ancient Biblical texts in their original language (as was common in other schools), requiring all freshmen to study Hebrew (in contrast to Harvard, where only upperclassmen were required to study the language) and is responsible for the Hebrew phrase אורים ותמים (Urim and Thummim) on the Yale seal. Stiles' greatest challenge occurred in July 1779 when hostile British forces occupied New Haven and threatened to raze the College. However, Yale graduate Edmund Fanning, Secretary to the British General in command of the occupation, interceded and the College was saved. Fanning later was granted an honorary degree LL.D., at 1803, for his efforts.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was Ezra Stiles president of Yale?
A: 1778 to 1795', '
Q: What course did Ezra Stiles require freshmen to take?
A: Hebrew', '
Q: When did the British threaten to take over the college?
A: July 1779', '
Q: Who saved Yale from the British raid?
A: Edmund Fanning', '
Q: What degree was Edmund Fanning given for his services?
A: an honorary degree LL.D']
The Yale Report of 1828 was a dogmatic defense of the Latin and Greek curriculum against critics who wanted more courses in modern languages, mathematics, and science. Unlike higher education in Europe, there was no national curriculum for colleges and universities in the United States. In the competition for students and financial support, college leaders strove to keep current with demands for innovation. At the same time, they realized that a significant portion of their students and prospective students demanded a classical background. The Yale report meant the classics would not be abandoned. All institutions experimented with changes in the curriculum, often resulting in a dual track. In the decentralized environment of higher education in the United States, balancing change with tradition was a common challenge because no one could afford to be completely modern or completely classical. A group of professors at Yale and New Haven Congregationalist ministers articulated a conservative response to the changes brought about by the Victorian culture. They concentrated on developing a whole man possessed of religious values sufficiently strong to resist temptations from within, yet flexible enough to adjust to the 'isms' (professionalism, materialism, individualism, and consumerism) tempting him from without. William Graham Sumner, professor from 1872 to 1909, taught in the emerging disciplines of economics and sociology to overflowing classrooms. He bested President Noah Porter, who disliked social science and wanted Yale to lock into its traditions of classical education. Porter objected to Sumner's use of a textbook by Herbert Spencer that espoused agnostic materialism because it might harm students.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did William Graham Sumner teach?
A: 1872 to 1909', '
Q: What did William Graham Sumner teach?
A: economics and sociology', '
Q: Why was The Yale Report established?
A: the classics would not be abandoned', '
Q: What were the group of Yale professors and ministers attempting to achieve?
A: developing a whole man possessed of religious values sufficiently strong to resist temptations', '
Q: What changes were the professors and ministers responding to?
A: Victorian culture']
The Revolutionary War soldier Nathan Hale (Yale 1773) was the prototype of the Yale ideal in the early 19th century: a manly yet aristocratic scholar, equally well-versed in knowledge and sports, and a patriot who "regretted" that he "had but one life to lose" for his country. Western painter Frederic Remington (Yale 1900) was an artist whose heroes gloried in combat and tests of strength in the Wild West. The fictional, turn-of-the-20th-century Yale man Frank Merriwell embodied the heroic ideal without racial prejudice, and his fictional successor Frank Stover in the novel Stover at Yale (1911) questioned the business mentality that had become prevalent at the school. Increasingly the students turned to athletic stars as their heroes, especially since winning the big game became the goal of the student body, and the alumni, as well as the team itself.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was Nathan Hale famous for?
A: Revolutionary War soldier', '
Q: What profession did Frederic Remington hold?
A: artist', '
Q: What was the name of the protagonist of "Stover at Yale"?
A: Frank Stover', '
Q: What turned into the goal of the student body?
A: winning the big game', "
Q: What were the subjects of Frederic Remington's paintings?
A: heroes gloried in combat and tests of strength in the Wild West"]
Between 1892, when Harvard and Yale met in one of the first intercollegiate debates, and 1909, the year of the first Triangular Debate of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton, the rhetoric, symbolism, and metaphors used in athletics were used to frame these early debates. Debates were covered on front pages of college newspapers and emphasized in yearbooks, and team members even received the equivalent of athletic letters for their jackets. There even were rallies sending off the debating teams to matches. Yet, the debates never attained the broad appeal that athletics enjoyed. One reason may be that debates do not have a clear winner, as is the case in sports, and that scoring is subjective. In addition, with late 19th-century concerns about the impact of modern life on the human body, athletics offered hope that neither the individual nor the society was coming apart.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year was the first debate between Harvard, Yale, and Princeton?
A: 1909', '
Q: When was the first debate between Harvard and Yale?
A: 1892', '
Q: How were debates shown to the college students?
A: front pages of college newspapers', '
Q: What did members of the debate team get for their service?
A: the equivalent of athletic letters for their jackets', '
Q: Why do debates not have a distinct winner?
A: scoring is subjective']
In 1909–10, football faced a crisis resulting from the failure of the previous reforms of 1905–06 to solve the problem of serious injuries. There was a mood of alarm and mistrust, and, while the crisis was developing, the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton developed a project to reform the sport and forestall possible radical changes forced by government upon the sport. President Arthur Hadley of Yale, A. Lawrence Lowell of Harvard, and Woodrow Wilson of Princeton worked to develop moderate changes to reduce injuries. Their attempts, however, were reduced by rebellion against the rules committee and formation of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association. The big three had tried to operate independently of the majority, but changes did reduce injuries.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who attempted to enact measures of football reform?
A: the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton', '
Q: What did the rebellion to the new football measures start?
A: Intercollegiate Athletic Association', '
Q: Who was president of Yale during the rebellion?
A: Arthur Hadley', '
Q: Who represented Harvard during the rule changing debates?
A: A. Lawrence Lowell', '
Q: Who represented Princeton during the rule changing discussions?
A: Woodrow Wilson']