romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
The Head of State of Portugal is the President of the Republic, elected to a five-year term by direct, universal suffrage. He or she has also supervision and reserve powers. These powers are often compared[by whom?] with the "moderator power" that was held by the King in the Portuguese Constitutional Monarchy.[citation needed] Presidential powers include the appointment of the Prime Minister and the other members of the Government (where the President takes into account the results of legislative elections); dismissing the Prime Minister; dissolving the Assembly of the Republic (to call early elections); vetoing legislation (which may be overridden by the Assembly with a supermajority); and declaring a state of war or siege. The President is also the ex officio Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who is the Head of State of Portugal?
A: President of the Republic', '
Q: For how many years does each term of the President of the Republic last?
A: five', '
Q: By what means is the President of the Republic elected?
A: by direct, universal suffrage', '
Q: Who has the power to appoint and dismiss the Prime Minister?
A: President of the Republic']
The Council of Ministers – under the presidency of the Prime Minister (or the President of Portugal at the latter's request) and the Ministers (may also include one or more Deputy Prime Ministers) – acts as the cabinet. Each government is required to define the broad outline of its policies in a programme, and present it to the Assembly for a mandatory period of debate. The failure of the Assembly to reject the government programme by an absolute majority of deputies confirms the cabinet in office.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What group acts as the presidential cabinet?
A: The Council of Ministers', "
Q: What process is required of each government's policies?
A: define the broad outline of its policies in a programme, and present it to the Assembly for a mandatory period of debate", "
Q: What is needed to reject a cabinet's policy?
A: an absolute majority of deputies"]
Portuguese law applied in the former colonies and territories and continues to be the major influence for those countries. Portugal's main police organizations are the Guarda Nacional Republicana – GNR (National Republican Guard), a gendarmerie; the Polícia de Segurança Pública – PSP (Public Security Police), a civilian police force who work in urban areas; and the Polícia Judiciária – PJ (Judicial Police), a highly specialized criminal investigation police that is overseen by the Public Ministry.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Portuguese law continues to be a major influence for what?
A: former colonies and territories', '
Q: What is the Policia de Seguranca Publica - PSP (Public Security Police)?
A: a civilian police force who work in urban areas', '
Q: What is the Policia Judiciaria - PJ (Judicial Police)?
A: a highly specialized criminal investigation police', '
Q: Which entity oversees the Judicial Police?
A: the Public Ministry.']
Portugal has arguably the most liberal laws concerning possession of illicit drugs in the Western world. In 2001, Portugal decriminalized possession of effectively all drugs that are still illegal in other developed nations including, but not limited to, cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and LSD. While possession is legal, trafficking and possession of more than "10 days worth of personal use" are still punishable by jail time and fines. People caught with small amounts of any drug are given the choice to go to a rehab facility, and may refuse treatment without consequences. Despite criticism from other European nations, who stated Portugal's drug consumption would tremendously increase, overall drug use has declined along with the number of HIV infection cases, which had dropped 50 percent by 2009. Drug use among 16- to 18-year-olds also declined, however the use of marijuana rose only slightly among that age group.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In which year did Portugal decriminalize drug possession?
A: 2001', '
Q: How much of a drug is legal to possess?
A: 10 days worth of personal use', '
Q: What option is allowed to those caught with small amounts of drugs?
A: go to a rehab facility', '
Q: By 2009, by how much had the rate of HIV infection decreased?
A: 50 percent']
Administratively, Portugal is divided into 308 municipalities (Portuguese: municípios or concelhos), which after a reform in 2013 are subdivided into 3,092 civil parishes (Portuguese: freguesia). Operationally, the municipality and civil parish, along with the national government, are the only legally identifiable local administrative units identified by the government of Portugal (for example, cities, towns or villages have no standing in law, although may be used as catchment for the defining services). For statistical purposes the Portuguese government also identifies NUTS, inter-municipal communities and informally, the district system, used until European integration (and being phased-out by the national government).[original research?] Continental Portugal is agglomerated into 18 districts, while the archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are governed as autonomous regions; the largest units, established since 1976, are either mainland Portugal (Portuguese: Portugal Continental) and the autonomous regions of Portugal (Azores and Madeira).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many municipalities is Portugal divided into?
A: 308', '
Q: How many civil parishes are the Portuguese municipalities divided into?
A: 3,092', '
Q: How many districts is the continental Portugal divided into?
A: 18']
The armed forces have three branches: Navy, Army and Air Force. They serve primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and provide humanitarian assistance and security at home and abroad. As of 2008, the three branches numbered 39,200 active personnel including 7,500 women. Portuguese military expenditure in 2009 was $5.2 billion, representing 2.1 percent of GDP. Military conscription was abolished in 2004. The minimum age for voluntary recruitment is 18 years.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many branches make up the Portuguese armed forces?
A: three', '
Q: What are the branches of the Portuguese armed forces?
A: Navy, Army and Air Force', '
Q: What is the primary purpose of the Portuguese armed forces?
A: primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and provide humanitarian assistance and security', '
Q: How many women were in the Portuguese armed forces in 2008?
A: 7,500', '
Q: How much money was spent on the Portuguese armed forced in 2009?
A: $5.2 billion, representing 2.1 percent of GDP']
The Army (21,000 personnel) comprises three brigades and other small units. An infantry brigade (mainly equipped with Pandur II APC), a mechanized brigade (mainly equipped with Leopard 2 A6 tanks and M113 APC) and a Rapid Reaction Brigade (consisting of paratroopers, commandos and rangers). The Navy (10,700 personnel, of which 1,580 are marines) has five frigates, seven corvettes, two submarines, and 28 patrol and auxiliary vessels. The Air Force (7,500 personnel) has the Lockheed F-16 Fighting Falcon and the Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet as the main combat aircraft.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the number of personnel in the army?
A: 21,000', '
Q: With what is the infantry brigade mainly equipped with?
A: Pandur II APC', '
Q: What is the mechanized brigade mainly equipped with?
A: Leopard 2 A6 tanks and M113 APC', '
Q: What does the Rapid Reaction Brigade consist of?
A: paratroopers, commandos and rangers', '
Q: How many personnel does the Navy have?
A: 10,700']
In the 20th century, Portugal engaged in two major conflicts: World War I and the Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974). After the end of the Portuguese Empire in 1975, the Portuguese Armed Forces have participated in peacekeeping missions in East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Somalia, Iraq (Nasiriyah) and Lebanon. Portugal also conducted several independent unilateral military operations abroad, as were the cases of the interventions of the Portuguese Armed Forces in Angola in 1992 and in Guinea-Bissau in 1998 with the main objectives of protecting and withdrawing of Portuguese and foreign citizens threatened by local civil conflicts.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what two major conflicts did Portugal engage in during the 20th century?
A: World War I and the Portuguese Colonial War', '
Q: During which years was the Portuguese Colonial War fought?
A: 1961–1974', '
Q: In what countries have the Portuguese Armed Forces participated in peacekeeping missions?
A: East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Somalia, Iraq (Nasiriyah) and Lebanon', '
Q: What are two examples of independent Portuguese unilateral military operations conducted abroad?
A: Angola in 1992 and in Guinea-Bissau in 1998']
After the bailout was announced, the Portuguese government headed by Pedro Passos Coelho managed to implement measures with the intention of improve the State's financial situation, including tax hikes, a freeze of civil service-related lower-wages and cuts of higher-wages by 14.3%, on top of the government's spending cuts. The Portuguese government also agreed to eliminate its golden share in Portugal Telecom which gave it veto power over vital decisions. In 2012, all public servants had already seen an average wage cut of 20% relative to their 2010 baseline, with cuts reaching 25% for those earning more than 1,500 euro per month.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who headed the government after the bailout was announced?
A: Pedro Passos Coelho', "
Q: What was the purpose of the Portuguese bailout?
A: improve the State's financial situation", "
Q: How was the Portuguese bailout implemented?
A: tax hikes, a freeze of civil service-related lower-wages and cuts of higher-wages by 14.3%, on top of the government's spending cuts", '
Q: Between 2010 and 2012, by what percentage were the wages of public servants cut?
A: 20%']
A report released in January 2011 by the Diário de Notícias and published in Portugal by Gradiva, had demonstrated that in the period between the Carnation Revolution in 1974 and 2010, the democratic Portuguese Republic governments encouraged over-expenditure and investment bubbles through unclear Public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy and advisory of committees and firms. This allowed considerable slippage in state-managed public works and inflated top management and head officer bonuses and wages. Persistent and lasting recruitment policies boosted the number of redundant public servants. Risky credit, public debt creation, and European structural and cohesion funds were mismanaged across almost four decades.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In which year did the Carnation Revolution take place?
A: 1974', '
Q: Between 1974 and 2010, how did the Portuguese government encourage over-expenditure and investment bubbles?
A: unclear Public–private partnerships and funding of numerous ineffective and unnecessary external consultancy and advisory of committees and firms', '
Q: By whom was a report published in 2011 that demonstrated the Portuguese government encouraged over-expenditure and investment bubbles?
A: Diário de Notícias']
After the financial crisis of 2007–08, it was known in 2008–2009 that two Portuguese banks (Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)) had been accumulating losses for years due to bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud. The case of BPN was particularly serious because of its size, market share, and the political implications - Portugal's then current President, Cavaco Silva, and some of his political allies, maintained personal and business relationships with the bank and its CEO, who was eventually charged and arrested for fraud and other crimes. In the grounds of avoiding a potentially serious financial crisis in the Portuguese economy, the Portuguese government decided to give them a bailout, eventually at a future loss to taxpayers and to the Portuguese people in general.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what two years was there a financial crisis?
A: 2007–08', '
Q: Which two Portuguese banks had been accumulating losses for years?
A: Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)', '
Q: What caused BPN and BPP to accumulate losses?
A: bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud', '
Q: Why was the case of BPN more serious?
A: its size, market share, and the political implications', "
Q: On what charge was BPN's CEO arrested?
A: fraud"]
The Portuguese currency is the euro (€), which replaced the Portuguese Escudo, and the country was one of the original member states of the eurozone. Portugal's central bank is the Banco de Portugal, an integral part of the European System of Central Banks. Most industries, businesses and financial institutions are concentrated in the Lisbon and Porto metropolitan areas—the Setúbal, Aveiro, Braga, Coimbra and Leiria districts are the biggest economic centres outside these two main areas.[citation needed] According to World Travel Awards, Portugal is the Europe's Leading Golf Destination 2012 and 2013.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What currency does Portugal use?
A: the euro (€)', '
Q: What currency did the euro replace in Portugal?
A: Portuguese Escudo', "
Q: What is the name of Portugal's central bank?
A: Banco de Portugal", '
Q: In what two areas are most Portuguese industries, businesses, and financial institutions concentrated?
A: Lisbon and Porto metropolitan areas', "
Q: According to World Travel Awards, for what activity is Portugal known as Europe's leading destination?
A: Golf"]
Since the Carnation Revolution of 1974, which culminated in the end of one of Portugal's most notable phases of economic expansion (that started in the 1960s), a significant change has occurred in the nation's annual economic growth.[citation needed] After the turmoil of the 1974 revolution and the PREC period, Portugal tried to adapt to a changing modern global economy, a process that continues in 2013. Since the 1990s, Portugal's public consumption-based economic development model has been slowly changing to a system that is focused on exports, private investment and the development of the high-tech sector. Consequently, business services have overtaken more traditional industries such as textiles, clothing, footwear and cork (Portugal is the world's leading cork producer), wood products and beverages.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In which year did the Carnation Revolution take place?
A: 1974', '
Q: What period followed the Carnation Revolution?
A: PREC period', "
Q: Since the 90's, how has Portugal's economic development model been changing?
A: changing to a system that is focused on exports, private investment and the development of the high-tech sector", '
Q: What are the more traditional industries that have existed in Portugal?
A: textiles, clothing, footwear and cork', "
Q: What is Portugal the world's leading producer of?
A: cork"]
In the second decade of the 21st century the Portuguese economy suffered its most severe recession since the 1970s resulting in the country having to be bailed out by the European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund. The bailout, agreed to in 2011, required Portugal to enter into a range of austerity measures in exchange for funding support of €78 billion. In May 2014 the country exited the bailout but reaffirmed its commitment to maintaining its reformist momentum. At the time of exiting the bailout the economy had contracted by 0.7% in the first quarter of 2014, however unemployment, while still high had fallen to 15.3 percent.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: By what entities was the Portuguese economy bailed out?
A: European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund', '
Q: In what year was the economic bailout agreed to?
A: 2011', '
Q: How much money was agreed to in the financial bailout?
A: €78 billion', '
Q: When did Portugal exit the bailout?
A: May 2014', '
Q: By the time Portugal exited the bailout, to what percentage had the unemployment rate fallen?
A: 15.3 percent']
Agriculture in Portugal is based on small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units. However, the sector also includes larger scale intensive farming export-oriented agrobusinesses backed by companies (like Grupo RAR's Vitacress, Sovena, Lactogal, Vale da Rosa, Companhia das Lezírias and Valouro). The country produces a wide variety of crops and livestock products, including tomatoes, citrus, green vegetables, rice, corn, barley, olives, oilseeds, nuts, cherries, bilberry, table grapes, edible mushrooms, dairy products, poultry and beef.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Upon what is Portuguese agriculture based?
A: small to medium-sized family-owned dispersed units', "
Q: What types of companies back more large scale, export-oriented agrobusinesses in Portugal?
A: Grupo RAR's Vitacress, Sovena, Lactogal, Vale da Rosa, Companhia das Lezírias and Valouro", '
Q: What types of crops does Portugal produce?
A: tomatoes, citrus, green vegetables, rice, corn, barley, olives, oilseeds, nuts, cherries, bilberry, table grapes, edible mushrooms', '
Q: What types of livestock products does Portugal produce?
A: dairy products, poultry and beef']
Traditionally a sea-power, Portugal has had a strong tradition in the Portuguese fishing sector and is one of the countries with the highest fish consumption per capita. The main landing sites in Portugal (including Azores and Madeira), according to total landings in weight by year, are the harbours of Matosinhos, Peniche, Olhão, Sesimbra, Figueira da Foz, Sines, Portimão and Madeira. Portuguese processed fish products are exported through several companies, under a number of different brands and registered trademarks, such as Ramirez (the world’s oldest active canned fish producer), Bom Petisco, Nero, Combate, Comur, General, Líder, Manná, Murtosa, Pescador, Pitéu, Tenório, Torreira and Vasco da Gama.[citation needed]

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Which company is the world's oldest canned fish producer?
A: Ramirez", '
Q: What are the names of various companies that produce and export fish products?
A: Bom Petisco, Nero, Combate, Comur, General, Líder, Manná, Murtosa, Pescador, Pitéu, Tenório, Torreira and Vasco da Gama', '
Q: What food does Portugal have one of the highest rates of consumption of?
A: fish']
Portugal is a significant European minerals producer and is ranked among Europe's leading copper producers. The nation is also a notable producer of tin, tungsten and uranium. However, the country lacks the potential to conduct hydrocarbon exploration and aluminium, a limitation that has hindered the development of Portugal's mining and metallurgy sectors. Although the country has vast iron and coal reserves—mainly in the north—after the 1974 revolution and the consequent economic globalization, low competitiveness forced a decrease in the extraction activity for these minerals. The Panasqueira and Neves-Corvo mines are among the most recognised Portuguese mines that are still in operation.[citation needed]

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What mineral is Portugal ranked as a leading European producer of?
A: copper', '
Q: What are three types of minerals Portugal is a notable producer of?
A: tin, tungsten and uranium', '
Q: What type of exploration does Portugal lack the potential for?
A: hydrocarbon', '
Q: In which region does Portugal have vast reserves of iron and coal?
A: north', "
Q: What event triggered a decrease in the extraction of Portugal's natural resources?
A: 1974 revolution and the consequent economic globalization"]
Industry is diversified, ranging from automotive (Volkswagen Autoeuropa and Peugeot Citroen), aerospace (Embraer and OGMA), electronics and textiles, to food, chemicals, cement and wood pulp. Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa motor vehicle assembly plant in Palmela is among the largest foreign direct investment projects in Portugal. Modern non-traditional technology-based industries, such as aerospace, biotechnology and information technology, have been developed in several locations across the country. Alverca, Covilhã, Évora, and Ponte de Sor are the main centres of the Portuguese aerospace industry, which is led by Brazil-based company Embraer and the Portuguese company OGMA. Following the turn of the 21st century, many major biotechnology and information technology industries have been founded, and are concentrated in the metropolitan areas of Lisbon, Porto, Braga, Coimbra and Aveiro.[citation needed]

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What automotive brands exist in Portugal?
A: Volkswagen Autoeuropa and Peugeot Citroen', '
Q: What aerospace companies exist in Portugal?
A: Embraer and OGMA', "
Q: Where is Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa assembly plant located?
A: Palmela", '
Q: What are the main centers for the Portuguese aerospace industries?
A: Alverca, Covilhã, Évora, and Ponte de Sor', '
Q: Where are the main centers of the biotech and IT industries located?
A: Lisbon, Porto, Braga, Coimbra and Aveiro']
Travel and tourism continue to be extremely important for Portugal, with visitor numbers forecast to increase significantly in the future.[citation needed] However, the increasing competition from Eastern European destinations continues to develop, with the presence of similar attractions that are often cheaper in countries such as Croatia. Consequently, it has been necessary for the country to focus upon its niche attractions, such as health, nature and rural tourism, to stay ahead of its competitors.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Portuguese tourist numbers are expected to do what in the future?
A: increase', '
Q: With what area does Portugal compete with for tourists?
A: Eastern European destinations', '
Q: How does Portugal compete with other areas for tourists?
A: focus upon its niche attractions', '
Q: What attractions does Portugal have to offer tourists?
A: health, nature and rural tourism']
The poor performance of the Portuguese economy was explored in April 2007 by The Economist, which described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe". From 2002 to 2007, the number of unemployed increased by 65% (270,500 unemployed citizens in 2002, 448,600 unemployed citizens in 2007). By early December 2009, the unemployment rate had reached 10.2% – a 23-year record high. In December 2009, ratings agency Standard & Poor's lowered its long-term credit assessment of Portugal to "negative" from "stable," voicing pessimism on the country's structural weaknesses in the economy and weak competitiveness that would hamper growth and the capacity to strengthen its public finances and reduce debt. In July 2011, ratings agency Moody's downgraded its long-term credit assessment of Portugal after warning of deteriorating risk of default in March 2011.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What magazine described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe?"
A: The Economist', '
Q: Between 2002 and 2007, by what percentage did the rate of unemployment change?
A: 65%', '
Q: What percentage did the unemployment rate reach in December, 2009?
A: 10.2%', "
Q: In 2009, what rating did Standard & Poor's assign to Portugal's long-term credit assessment?
A: negative", "
Q: In which year did Moody's downgrade Portugal's long-term credit assessment?
A: 2011"]