romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
On 11 April 1898 American Joshua Slocum, on his famous and epic solo round the world voyage arrived at Jamestown. He departed on 20 April 1898 for the final leg of his circumnavigation having been extended hospitality from the governor, his Excellency Sir R A Standale, presented two lectures on his voyage and been invited to Longwood by the French Consular agent.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who arrived in Jamestown during their solo round the world voyage?
A: Joshua Slocum', '
Q: When did Joshua Slocum arrive in Jamestown?
A: 11 April 1898', '
Q: When did Joshua Slocum depart from Jamestown to continue his trip?
A: 20 April 1898', '
Q: Who presented two lectures on their voyage?
A: Sir R A Standale']
A local industry manufacturing fibre from New Zealand flax was successfully reestablished in 1907 and generated considerable income during the First World War. Ascension Island was made a dependency of Saint Helena in 1922, and Tristan da Cunha followed in 1938. During the Second World War, the United States built Wideawake airport on Ascension in 1942, but no military use was made of Saint Helena.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What country does the local industry that manufactures fibre get their flax from?
A: New Zealand', '
Q: What island was made a dependency of Saint Helena in 1922?
A: Ascension Island', '
Q: What was the name of the airport the United States built on Ascension Island?
A: Wideawake airport', '
Q: What year was Wideawake Airport built?
A: 1942']
During this period, the island enjoyed increased revenues through the sale of flax, with prices peaking in 1951. However, the industry declined because of transportation costs and competition from synthetic fibres. The decision by the British Post Office to use synthetic fibres for its mailbags was a further blow, contributing to the closure of the island's flax mills in 1965.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did the Island sell for increased revenue during this period?
A: flax', '
Q: What year did flax prices peak?
A: 1951', '
Q: The British Post Offices decision to use what kind of fibres hurt the flax industry?
A: synthetic fibres', "
Q: What year did the Island's flax mills close?
A: 1965"]
From 1958, the Union Castle shipping line gradually reduced its service calls to the island. Curnow Shipping, based in Avonmouth, replaced the Union-Castle Line mailship service in 1977, using the RMS (Royal Mail Ship) St Helena.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year did the Union Castle shipping line slowly start to reduce their service calls to the island?
A: 1958', '
Q: Which shipping company replaced Union-Castle Line mailship service?
A: Curnow Shipping', '
Q: What year was Union-Castle Line mailship replaced?
A: 1977']
The British Nationality Act 1981 reclassified Saint Helena and the other Crown colonies as British Dependent Territories. The islanders lost their right of abode in Britain. For the next 20 years, many could find only low-paid work with the island government, and the only available employment outside Saint Helena was on the Falkland Islands and Ascension Island. The Development and Economic Planning Department, which still operates, was formed in 1988 to contribute to raising the living standards of the people of Saint Helena.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What right was lost by the citizen of the islands due to the act?
A: right of abode in Britain', '
Q: What department was formed to help raise the living standards of the citizens in Saint Helena?
A: The Development and Economic Planning Department', '
Q: What year was the Development and Economic Planning Department formed?
A: 1988', '
Q: Where was the only work outside of Saint Helena located?
A: Falkland Islands and Ascension Island']
In 1989, Prince Andrew launched the replacement RMS St Helena to serve the island; the vessel was specially built for the Cardiff–Cape Town route and features a mixed cargo/passenger layout.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year was the replacement for the RMS St Helena launched?
A: 1989', '
Q: Who launched the replacement RMS St Helena?
A: Prince Andrew', '
Q: What route was the replacement RMS St Helena built for?
A: Cardiff–Cape Town route', '
Q: What kind of layout did the RMS St Helena have?
A: a mixed cargo/passenger layout.']
The Saint Helena Constitution took effect in 1989 and provided that the island would be governed by a Governor and Commander-in-Chief, and an elected Executive and Legislative Council. In 2002, the British Overseas Territories Act 2002 granted full British citizenship to the islanders, and renamed the Dependent Territories (including Saint Helena) the British Overseas Territories. In 2009, Saint Helena and its two territories received equal status under a new constitution, and the British Overseas Territory was renamed Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year did the Saint Helena Constitution officially take effect?
A: 1989', '
Q: In 2002 what act granted full British citizenship to the citizens of the islands?
A: British Overseas Territories Act 2002', '
Q: What were the dependent territories renamed to?
A: British Overseas Territories']
The UK government has spent £250 million in the construction of the island's airport. Expected to be fully operational early 2016, it is expected to help the island towards self-sufficiency and encourage economic development, reducing dependence on British government aid. The airport is also expected to kick start the tourism industry, with up to 30,000 visitors expected annually. As of August, 2015 ticketing was postponed until an airline could be firmly designated.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: How much money was spent on construction of the island's airport?
A: 250 million", "
Q: Which government built the island's airport?
A: UK government", '
Q: When was the airport expected to be fully functional?
A: early 2016', '
Q: Which industry is the airport supposed to help when it becomes complete?
A: tourism', '
Q: How many tourists are expected annually thanks to the airport?
A: up to 30,000']
Located in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, more than 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) from the nearest major landmass, Saint Helena is one of the most remote places in the world. The nearest port on the continent is Namibe in southern Angola, and the nearest international airport the Quatro de Fevereiro Airport of Angola's capital Luanda; connections to Cape Town in South Africa are used for most shipping needs, such as the mail boat that serves the island, the RMS St Helena. The island is associated with two other isolated islands in the southern Atlantic, also British territories: Ascension Island about 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) due northwest in more equatorial waters and Tristan da Cunha, which is well outside the tropics 2,430 kilometres (1,510 mi) to the south. The island is situated in the Western Hemisphere and has the same longitude as Cornwall in the United Kingdom. Despite its remote location, it is classified as being in West Africa by the United Nations.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the nearest port to Saint Helena?
A: Namibe', '
Q: What is the closest international airport to Saint Helena called?
A: the Quatro de Fevereiro Airport', '
Q: What is the mail boat that serves the island called?
A: RMS St Helena', '
Q: What hemisphere is the island located in?
A: Western', '
Q: What area is the island classified as being in by the United Nations?
A: West Africa']
The island of Saint Helena has a total area of 122 km2 (47 sq mi), and is composed largely of rugged terrain of volcanic origin (the last volcanic eruptions occurred about 7 million years ago). Coastal areas are covered in volcanic rock and warmer and drier than the centre. The highest point of the island is Diana's Peak at 818 m (2,684 ft). In 1996 it became the island's first national park. Much of the island is covered by New Zealand flax, a legacy of former industry, but there are some original trees augmented by plantations, including those of the Millennium Forest project which was established in 2002 to replant part of the lost Great Wood and is now managed by the Saint Helena National Trust. When the island was discovered, it was covered with unique indigenous vegetation, including a remarkable cabbage tree species. The island's hinterland must have been a dense tropical forest but the coastal areas were probably also quite green. The modern landscape is very different, with widespread bare rock in the lower areas, although inland it is green, mainly due to introduced vegetation. There are no native land mammals, but cattle, cats, dogs, donkeys, goats, mice, rabbits, rats and sheep have been introduced, and native species have been adversely affected as a result. The dramatic change in landscape must be attributed to these introductions. As a result, the string tree (Acalypha rubrinervis) and the St Helena olive (Nesiota elliptica) are now extinct, and many of the other endemic plants are threatened with extinction.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many square miles is Saint Helena?
A: 47', '
Q: What kind of rock are coastal regions of Saint Helena covered with?
A: volcanic', '
Q: How many feet high is the highest peak of Saint Helena?
A: 2,684', "
Q: What year did Diana's Peak officially become a state park?
A: 1996", '
Q: What was formed in 2002 to replant parts of the great wood?
A: Millennium Forest project']
There are several rocks and islets off the coast, including: Castle Rock, Speery Island, the Needle, Lower Black Rock, Upper Black Rock (South), Bird Island (Southwest), Black Rock, Thompson's Valley Island, Peaked Island, Egg Island, Lady's Chair, Lighter Rock (West), Long Ledge (Northwest), Shore Island, George Island, Rough Rock Island, Flat Rock (East), the Buoys, Sandy Bay Island, the Chimney, White Bird Island and Frightus Rock (Southeast), all of which are within one kilometre (0.62 miles) of the shore.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How close are the rockets and islets off the coast?
A: one kilometre', '
Q: Which direction from the island is Upper Black Rock located?
A: South', '
Q: Which direction from the island is Bird Island located?
A: Southwest', '
Q: Which direction from the island is Lighter Rock located?
A: West', '
Q: Which direction from the island is Frightus Rock located?
A: Southeast']
The national bird of Saint Helena is the Saint Helena plover, known locally as the wirebird. It appears on the coat of arms of Saint Helena and on the flag.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the national bird of Saint Helena?
A: the Saint Helena plover', '
Q: What is the Plover known locally as?
A: wirebird']
The climate of Saint Helena is tropical, marine and mild, tempered by the Benguela Current and trade winds that blow almost continuously. The climate varies noticeably across the island. Temperatures in Jamestown, on the north leeward shore, range between 21–28 °C (70–82 °F) in the summer (January to April) and 17–24 °C (63–75 °F) during the remainder of the year. The temperatures in the central areas are, on average, 5–6 °C (9.0–10.8 °F) lower. Jamestown also has a very low annual rainfall, while 750–1,000 mm (30–39 in) falls per year on the higher ground and the south coast, where it is also noticeably cloudier. There are weather recording stations in the Longwood and Blue Hill districts.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What current affects the environment of Saint Helena?
A: Benguela Current', '
Q: On average, how much lower are the temperatures in the central areas in celsius?
A: 5–6']
Saint Helena is divided into eight districts, each with a community centre. The districts also serve as statistical subdivisions. The island is a single electoral area and elects twelve representatives to the Legislative Council of fifteen.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many districts is the island of Saint Helena divided into?
A: eight', '
Q: What do the districts also serve as?
A: statistical subdivisions']
Saint Helena was first settled by the English in 1659, and the island has a population of about 4,250 inhabitants, mainly descended from people from Britain – settlers ("planters") and soldiers – and slaves who were brought there from the beginning of settlement – initially from Africa (the Cape Verde Islands, Gold Coast and west coast of Africa are mentioned in early records), then India and Madagascar. Eventually the planters felt there were too many slaves and no more were imported after 1792.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was Saint Helena first settled?
A: 1659', '
Q: What was the population of the island in 1659
A: 4,250', '
Q: Where were slaves initially brought from to the island?
A: Africa', '
Q: Later on, what two locations were slaves brought from?
A: India and Madagascar', '
Q: Which year did the inhabitants decide there were too many slaves?
A: 1792']
In 1840, St Helena became a provisioning station for the British West Africa Squadron, preventing slavery to Brazil (mainly), and many thousands of slaves were freed on the island. These were all African, and about 500 stayed while the rest were sent on to the West Indies and Cape Town, and eventually to Sierra Leone.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In 1840 what did Saint Helena become?
A: a provisioning station', '
Q: What squadron was Saint Helena a provisioning station for?
A: British West Africa Squadron', '
Q: What country did the British West Africa Squadron prevent slaves from being sent to?
A: Brazil', '
Q: How many slaves ended up staying on the island after being freed?
A: 500', '
Q: How many slaves were freed from the island?
A: many thousands']
Imported Chinese labourers arrived in 1810, reaching a peak of 618 in 1818, after which numbers were reduced. Only a few older men remained after the British Crown took over the government of the island from the East India Company in 1834. The majority were sent back to China, although records in the Cape suggest that they never got any farther than Cape Town. There were also a very few Indian lascars who worked under the harbour master.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did Imported Chinese labor arrive?
A: 1810', '
Q: How many imported Chinese laborers were there at the peak of importation?
A: 618', '
Q: What year did importation of Chinese Laborers peak?
A: 1818']
The citizens of Saint Helena hold British Overseas Territories citizenship. On 21 May 2002, full British citizenship was restored by the British Overseas Territories Act 2002. See also British nationality law.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What kind of citizenship do the citizens of Saint Helena hold?
A: British Overseas Territories citizenship', '
Q: On what date was full British citizenship restored to the citizens of the island?
A: 21 May 2002', '
Q: What act restored the full British citizenship of the citizens of Saint Helena?
A: British Overseas Territories Act 2002']
During periods of unemployment, there has been a long pattern of emigration from the island since the post-Napoleonic period. The majority of "Saints" emigrated to the UK, South Africa and in the early years, Australia. The population has steadily declined since the late 1980s and has dropped from 5,157 at the 1998 census to 4,255 in 2008. In the past emigration was characterised by young unaccompanied persons leaving to work on long-term contracts on Ascension and the Falkland Islands, but since "Saints" were re-awarded UK citizenship in 2002, emigration to the UK by a wider range of wage-earners has accelerated due to the prospect of higher wages and better progression prospects.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was there a long pattern of from the island starting during the post Napoleonic period?
A: emigration', '
Q: When did the population of the island start to steadily decline?
A: late 1980s', '
Q: What was a big factor in emmigration to the UK?
A: prospect of higher wages']
Most residents belong to the Anglican Communion and are members of the Diocese of St Helena, which has its own bishop and includes Ascension Island. The 150th anniversary of the diocese was celebrated in June 2009.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What communion do most residents of the island belong to?
A: Anglican', '
Q: When was the 150th anniversary of the diocese celebrated?
A: June 2009', '
Q: Not only are most residents of the island members of the Anglican communion, but what else?
A: the Diocese of St Helena', "
Q: The Diocese of Saint Helena has it's own what?
A: bishop"]
Other Christian denominations on the island include: Roman Catholic (since 1852), Salvation Army (since 1884), Baptist (since 1845) and, in more recent times, Seventh-day Adventist (since 1949), New Apostolic and Jehovah's Witnesses (of which one in 35 residents is a member, the highest ratio of any country). The Catholics are pastorally served by the Mission sui iuris of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, whose office of ecclesiastical superior is vested in the Apostolic Prefecture of the Falkland Islands.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did Roman Catholics start to appear on the island?
A: 1852', '
Q: What year did the Salvation Army show up on Saint Helenas?
A: 1884', '
Q: When did Baptists come to the island?
A: 1845', "
Q: How many Johovah's Witnesses were on the island?
A: 35", '
Q: When did the Seventh-day Adventist arrive on the island?
A: 1949']
Executive authority in Saint Helena is vested in Queen Elizabeth II and is exercised on her behalf by the Governor of Saint Helena. The Governor is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the British government. Defence and Foreign Affairs remain the responsibility of the United Kingdom.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who has executive authority in Saint Helena?
A: Queen Elizabeth II', '
Q: Who exercises the authority on behalf of the queen in Saint Helena?
A: the Governor', '
Q: Who is responsible for Defence and Foreign Affairs?
A: the United Kingdom']
There are fifteen seats in the Legislative Council of Saint Helena, a unicameral legislature, in addition to a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker. Twelve of the fifteen members are elected in elections held every four years. The three ex officio members are the Chief Secretary, Financial Secretary and Attorney General. The Executive Council is presided over by the Governor, and consists of three ex officio officers and five elected members of the Legislative Council appointed by the Governor. There is no elected Chief Minister, and the Governor acts as the head of government. In January 2013 it was proposed that the Executive Council would be led by a "Chief Councillor" who would be elected by the members of the Legislative Council and would nominate the other members of the Executive Council. These proposals were put to a referendum on 23 March 2013 where they were defeated by 158 votes to 42 on a 10% turnout.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many seats are in the Legislative Council of Saint Helena?
A: 15', '
Q: Who presides over the executive council?
A: the Governor', '
Q: The head of government on the island is who?
A: the Governor', '
Q: When were proposals for a Chief Councillor put on hold?
A: 23 March 2013']
One commentator has observed that, notwithstanding the high unemployment resulting from the loss of full passports during 1981–2002, the level of loyalty to the British monarchy by the St Helena population is probably not exceeded in any other part of the world. King George VI is the only reigning monarch to have visited the island. This was in 1947 when the King, accompanied by Queen Elizabeth (later the Queen Mother), Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II) and Princess Margaret were travelling to South Africa. Prince Philip arrived at St Helena in 1957 and then his son Prince Andrew visited as a member of the armed forces in 1984 and his sister the Princess Royal arrived in 2002.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What caused high unemployment on the island?
A: loss of full passports', '
Q: Who is the only reigning Monarch to have visited the island?
A: King George VI', '
Q: What year did King George VI visit the island?
A: 1947', '
Q: When did Prince Phillip arrive in Saint Helena?
A: 1957', '
Q: Prince Andrews, son of Prince Phillip visited in what year?
A: 1984']
In 2012, the government of St. Helena funded the creation of the St. Helena Human Rights Action Plan 2012-2015. Work is being done under this action plan, including publishing awareness-raising articles in local newspapers, providing support for members of the public with human rights queries, and extending several UN Conventions on human rights to St. Helena.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did the government of Saint Helena fund in 2012?
A: St. Helena Human Rights Action Plan 2012-2015', '
Q: What kind of articles were published to help this plan?
A: awareness-raising articles', '
Q: How was support for members of the public given?
A: with human rights queries']
In recent years[when?], there have been reports of child abuse in St Helena. Britain’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) has been accused of lying to the United Nations about child abuse in St Helena to cover up allegations, including cases of a police officer having raped a four-year-old girl and of a police officer having mutilated a two-year-old.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What has been more prominently reported in recent years in Saint Helena?
A: reports of child abuse', '
Q: Who has been accused of lying about the child abuse issue of Saint Helena?
A: Britain’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office', '
Q: Who has Britain’s Foreign and Commonwealth Office been accused of lying to about child abuse?
A: the United Nations']
St Helena has long been known for its high proportion of endemic birds and vascular plants. The highland areas contain most of the 400 endemic species recognised to date. Much of the island has been identified by BirdLife International as being important for bird conservation, especially the endemic Saint Helena plover or wirebird, and for seabirds breeding on the offshore islets and stacks, in the north-east and the south-west Important Bird Areas. On the basis of these endemics and an exceptional range of habitats, Saint Helena is on the United Kingdom's tentative list for future UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Saint Helena has a high proportion of what kind of birds?
A: endemic', '
Q: What kind of plants are common on Saint Helena?
A: vascular', '
Q: What organization identified Saint Helena as important for bird conservation?
A: BirdLife International', "
Q:  Saint Helena is on the United Kingdom's list for future what?
A: UNESCO World Heritage Sites"]
St Helena's biodiversity, however, also includes marine vertebrates, invertebrates (freshwater, terrestrial and marine), fungi (including lichen-forming species), non-vascular plants, seaweeds and other biological groups. To date, very little is known about these, although more than 200 lichen-forming fungi have been recorded, including 9 endemics, suggesting that many significant discoveries remain to be made.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many lichen forming fungi have been recorded on the island?
A: more than 200', '
Q: How many endemic species of fungi have been found?
A: 9', '
Q: What kind of invertebrates have been found on the island?
A: freshwater, terrestrial and marine']
The island had a monocrop economy until 1966, based on the cultivation and processing of New Zealand flax for rope and string. St Helena's economy is now weak, and is almost entirely sustained by aid from the British government. The public sector dominates the economy, accounting for about 50% of gross domestic product. Inflation was running at 4% in 2005. There have been increases in the cost of fuel, power and all imported goods.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What kind of crop economy did the Island originally have?
A: monocrop', '
Q: What year did the crop economy change?
A: 1966', '
Q: What was produced during the time the Island was monocrop?
A: flax', "
Q: Saint Helena's economy is now almost completely sustained by what?
A: aid from the British government", '
Q: How much % of production does the public sector cover?
A: 50%']