romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
In 1971, the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare approached Marvel Comics editor-in-chief Stan Lee to do a comic book story about drug abuse. Lee agreed and wrote a three-part Spider-Man story portraying drug use as dangerous and unglamorous. However, the industry's self-censorship board, the Comics Code Authority, refused to approve the story because of the presence of narcotics, deeming the context of the story irrelevant. Lee, with Goodman's approval, published the story regardless in The Amazing Spider-Man #96–98 (May–July 1971), without the Comics Code seal. The market reacted well to the storyline, and the CCA subsequently revised the Code the same year.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What government agency asked Marvel to do a series of stories to publicize an issue?
A: United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare', '
Q: What issue was Marvel asked to tackle for this agency?
A: drug abuse', '
Q: What comic book series did stories related to this issue appear in?
A: Spider-Man', '
Q: What industry censorship and standards organization tried to block publication of this series?
A: Comics Code Authority', '
Q: What were the issue dates of the three-episode series on this public health issue?
A: May–July 1971']
A series of new editors-in-chief oversaw the company during another slow time for the industry. Once again, Marvel attempted to diversify, and with the updating of the Comics Code achieved moderate to strong success with titles themed to horror (The Tomb of Dracula), martial arts, (Shang-Chi: Master of Kung Fu), sword-and-sorcery (Conan the Barbarian, Red Sonja), satire (Howard the Duck) and science fiction (2001: A Space Odyssey, "Killraven" in Amazing Adventures, Battlestar Galactica, Star Trek, and, late in the decade, the long-running Star Wars series). Some of these were published in larger-format black and white magazines, under its Curtis Magazines imprint. Marvel was able to capitalize on its successful superhero comics of the previous decade by acquiring a new newsstand distributor and greatly expanding its comics line. Marvel pulled ahead of rival DC Comics in 1972, during a time when the price and format of the standard newsstand comic were in flux. Goodman increased the price and size of Marvel's November 1971 cover-dated comics from 15 cents for 36 pages total to 25 cents for 52 pages. DC followed suit, but Marvel the following month dropped its comics to 20 cents for 36 pages, offering a lower-priced product with a higher distributor discount.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What situation allowed Marvel to expand into more adult-themed genre stories?
A: the updating of the Comics Code', "
Q: What were two of Marvel's comic heroes in fantasy, swords and magic settings?
A: Conan the Barbarian, Red Sonja", '
Q: What waterfowl character had his own satire series of comic books?
A: Howard the Duck', "
Q: In what year did Marvel's sales overtake rival DC?
A: 1972", "
Q: How were some of Marvel's genre titles published in the 1970s?
A: larger-format black and white magazines, under its Curtis Magazines imprint"]
Goodman, now disconnected from Marvel, set up a new company called Seaboard Periodicals in 1974, reviving Marvel's old Atlas name for a new Atlas Comics line, but this lasted only a year and a half. In the mid-1970s a decline of the newsstand distribution network affected Marvel. Cult hits such as Howard the Duck fell victim to the distribution problems, with some titles reporting low sales when in fact the first specialty comic book stores resold them at a later date.[citation needed] But by the end of the decade, Marvel's fortunes were reviving, thanks to the rise of direct market distribution—selling through those same comics-specialty stores instead of newsstands.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What new venture did Marvel's founder begin after leaving the company in the 1970s?
A: Seaboard Periodicals", '
Q: What former Marvel title imprint did Goodman attempt to revive?
A: Atlas Comics', '
Q: What new retail outlet came on board at the end of the 1970s to rival newsstands for comic sales?
A: comic book stores', '
Q: How long was the 1970s revival of Atlas Comics in business?
A: a year and a half', '
Q: During what era did newsstand distribution begin to tail off markedly for Marvel?
A: the mid-1970s']
Marvel held its own comic book convention, Marvelcon '75, in spring 1975, and promised a Marvelcon '76. At the 1975 event, Stan Lee used a Fantastic Four panel discussion to announce that Jack Kirby, the artist co-creator of most of Marvel's signature characters, was returning to Marvel after having left in 1970 to work for rival DC Comics. In October 1976, Marvel, which already licensed reprints in different countries, including the UK, created a superhero specifically for the British market. Captain Britain debuted exclusively in the UK, and later appeared in American comics.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What was Marvel's self-hosted comic book convention called?
A: Marvelcon", "
Q: What artist's return to Marvel was announced at this event?
A: Jack Kirby", '
Q: What Marvel character was specifically created to appeal to the UK market?
A: Captain Britain', '
Q: When was the first Marvel-sponsored comics convention?
A: spring 1975', "
Q: When did Marvel's British-themed superhero first appear?
A: October 1976"]
In 1978, Jim Shooter became Marvel's editor-in-chief. Although a controversial personality, Shooter cured many of the procedural ills at Marvel, including repeatedly missed deadlines. During Shooter's nine-year tenure as editor-in-chief, Chris Claremont and John Byrne's run on the Uncanny X-Men and Frank Miller's run on Daredevil became critical and commercial successes. Shooter brought Marvel into the rapidly evolving direct market, institutionalized creator royalties, starting with the Epic Comics imprint for creator-owned material in 1982; introduced company-wide crossover story arcs with Contest of Champions and Secret Wars; and in 1986 launched the ultimately unsuccessful New Universe line to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Marvel Comics imprint. Star Comics, a children-oriented line differing from the regular Marvel titles, was briefly successful during this period.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who took over as head of Marvel in 1978?
A: Jim Shooter', "
Q: What is an example of a bad practice eliminated under Shooter's regime at Marvel?
A: repeatedly missed deadlines", '
Q: What noted artist and writer made brought Daredevil to the forefront during the 1980s?
A: Frank Miller', '
Q: What team of artist and writer helped popularize the Uncanny X-Men line of comics in the 1980s?
A: Chris Claremont and John Byrne', '
Q: Secret Wars was an early example of what Marvel comics story trope?
A: crossover story arcs']
Marvel earned a great deal of money and recognition during the comic book boom of the early 1990s, launching the successful 2099 line of comics set in the future (Spider-Man 2099, etc.) and the creatively daring though commercially unsuccessful Razorline imprint of superhero comics created by novelist and filmmaker Clive Barker. In 1990, Marvel began selling Marvel Universe Cards with trading card maker SkyBox International. These were collectible trading cards that featured the characters and events of the Marvel Universe. The 1990s saw the rise of variant covers, cover enhancements, swimsuit issues, and company-wide crossovers that affected the overall continuity of the fictional Marvel Universe

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What 1990s comic line featured futuristic, sci-fi stories?
A: 2099 line', '
Q: What was the name of the specialty comics line created by Clive Barker for Marvel?
A: Razorline', '
Q: In what year did Marvel introduce trading cards based on their characters?
A: 1990', '
Q: What trading card company did Marvel team up with to license these trading cards?
A: SkyBox International', '
Q: What was affected by the increasing use at Marvel of crossover stories between comic characters?
A: overall continuity of the fictional Marvel Universe']
In 1996, Marvel had some of its titles participate in "Heroes Reborn", a crossover that allowed Marvel to relaunch some of its flagship characters such as the Avengers and the Fantastic Four, and outsource them to the studios of two of the former Marvel artists turned Image Comics founders, Jim Lee and Rob Liefeld. The relaunched titles, which saw the characters transported to a parallel universe with a history distinct from the mainstream Marvel Universe, were a solid success amidst a generally struggling industry, but Marvel discontinued the experiment after a one-year run and returned the characters to the Marvel Universe proper. In 1998, the company launched the imprint Marvel Knights, taking place within Marvel continuity; helmed by soon-to-become editor-in-chief Joe Quesada, it featured tough, gritty stories showcasing such characters as the Inhumans, Black Panther and Daredevil.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What studio helped to relaunch and revamp classic marvel teams The Fantastic Four and the Avengers?
A: Image Comics', '
Q: What two Marvel veterans founded Image?
A: Jim Lee and Rob Liefeld', '
Q: How was the setting for the Image versions of Marvel characters different from the official comics?
A: a parallel universe with a history distinct from the mainstream', '
Q: How long did the Image run of Marvel characters last?
A: a one-year run', '
Q: What three titles were part of the darker, grimmer Marvel Knights comics?
A: the Inhumans, Black Panther and Daredevil']
In late 1994, Marvel acquired the comic book distributor Heroes World Distribution to use as its own exclusive distributor. As the industry's other major publishers made exclusive distribution deals with other companies, the ripple effect resulted in the survival of only one other major distributor in North America, Diamond Comic Distributors Inc. In early 1997, when Marvel's Heroes World endeavor failed, Diamond also forged an exclusive deal with Marvel—giving the company its own section of its comics catalog Previews.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What channel did Marvel buy to self-distribute its own comics in the 1990s?
A: Heroes World Distribution', '
Q: When did Marvel purchase this distribution network?
A: 1994', '
Q: Exclusive deals for distributing comics during the 1990s left this company as the only unaffiliated one.
A: Diamond Comic Distributors Inc', '
Q: What year did Diamond Comic Distributors team up with Marvel?
A: 1997', "
Q: The failure of what high profile business initiative caused Marvel to approach Diamond?
A: Marvel's Heroes World"]
With the new millennium, Marvel Comics emerged from bankruptcy and again began diversifying its offerings. In 2001, Marvel withdrew from the Comics Code Authority and established its own Marvel Rating System for comics. The first title from this era to not have the code was X-Force #119 (October 2001). Marvel also created new imprints, such as MAX (an explicit-content line) and Marvel Adventures (developed for child audiences). In addition, the company created an alternate universe imprint, Ultimate Marvel, that allowed the company to reboot its major titles by revising and updating its characters to introduce to a new generation.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the business state of Marvel by 2000?
A: bankruptcy', '
Q: When did Marvel withdraw from the Comics Code Authority?
A: 2001', '
Q: What in-house standards system did Marvel replace the Comics Code with?
A: Marvel Rating System', '
Q: What was the first book published under this new ratings system?
A: X-Force #119', '
Q: What was the name of the adult themed comics imprint for Marvel with more explicit content?
A: MAX']
On August 31, 2009, The Walt Disney Company announced a deal to acquire Marvel Comics' parent corporation, Marvel Entertainment, for $4 billion or $4.2 billion, with Marvel shareholders to receive $30 and 0.745 Disney shares for each share of Marvel they own. As of 2008, Marvel and its major, longtime competitor DC Comics shared over 80% of the American comic-book market. As of September 2010, Marvel switched its bookstores distribution company from Diamond Book Distributors to Hachette Distribution Services.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What entertainment company purchased Marvel at the end of the 2000s?
A: The Walt Disney Company', '
Q: When was the sale of Marvel to this entertainment conglomerate announced?
A: August 31, 2009', '
Q: What was the sale price of Marvel?
A: $4 billion or $4.2 billion', '
Q: What is the readership market share enjoyed by Marvel and DC comics?
A: 80%', '
Q: In 2010, Marvel switched to what distributor for bookstore comic book sales?
A: Hachette Distribution Services']
Marvel discontinued its Marvel Adventures imprint in March 2012, and replaced them with a line of two titles connected to the Marvel Universe TV block. Also in March, Marvel announced its Marvel ReEvolution initiative that included Infinite Comics, a line of digital comics, Marvel AR, an application software that provides an augmented reality experience to readers and Marvel NOW!, a relaunch of most of the company's major titles with different creative teams. Marvel NOW! also saw the debut of new flagship titles including Uncanny Avengers and All-New X-Men.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did the Marvel Adventures line cease publishing?
A: March 2012', '
Q: Infinite Comics is related to what comics media platform?
A: digital comics', '
Q: What are two new titles under the Marvel NOW! line of comics?
A: Uncanny Avengers and All-New X-Men', '
Q: Marvel NOW!, Infinite Comics, and Marvel AR are under the umbrella of what in house business endeavor?
A: Marvel ReEvolution', '
Q: What does the AR in Marvel AR stand for?
A: augmented reality']
In April 2013, Marvel and other Disney conglomerate components began announcing joint projects. With ABC, a Once Upon a Time graphic novel was announced for publication in September. With Disney, Marvel announced in October 2013 that in January 2014 it would release its first title under their joint "Disney Kingdoms" imprint "Seekers of the Weird", a five-issue miniseries. On January 3, 2014, fellow Disney subsidiary Lucasfilm Limited, LLC announced that as of 2015, Star Wars comics would once again be published by Marvel.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What TV network shares a parent with Marvel?
A: ABC', '
Q: What series on this network was given a Marvel graphic novel?
A: Once Upon a Time', '
Q: What is the Marvel and Disney line of comics called?
A: "Disney Kingdoms"', '
Q: What was the first title published in that joint line of comics?
A: "Seekers of the Weird"', '
Q: What movie sci-fi franchise returned to Marvel in 2015?
A: Star Wars']
Marvel first licensed two prose novels to Bantam Books, who printed The Avengers Battle the Earth Wrecker by Otto Binder (1967) and Captain America: The Great Gold Steal by Ted White (1968). Various publishers took up the licenses from 1978 to 2002. Also, with the various licensed films being released beginning in 1997, various publishers put out movie novelizations. In 2003, following publication of the prose young adult novel Mary Jane, starring Mary Jane Watson from the Spider-Man mythos, Marvel announced the formation of the publishing imprint Marvel Press. However, Marvel moved back to licensing with Pocket Books from 2005 to 2008. With few books issued under the imprint, Marvel and Disney Books Group relaunched Marvel Press in 2011 with the Marvel Origin Storybooks line.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What publisher did Marvel first license its characters to for novelization?
A: Bantam Books', '
Q: What was the first novel published under this deal?
A: The Avengers Battle the Earth Wrecker by Otto Binder', '
Q: What was the name of the short-lived Marvel novelization book publisher during the 2000s?
A: Marvel Press', "
Q: In 2005, Marvel dropped it's own publishing rights for novelization and instead partnered with what publisher?
A: Pocket Books", '
Q: Marvel Press was relaunched in what year?
A: 2011']
Walt Disney Parks and Resorts plans on creating original Marvel attractions at their theme parks, with Hong Kong Disneyland becoming the first Disney theme park to feature a Marvel attraction. Due to the licensing agreement with Universal Studios, signed prior to Disney's purchase of Marvel, Walt Disney World and Tokyo Disney are barred from having Marvel characters in their parks. However, this only includes characters Universal is currently using, other characters in their "families" (X-Men, Avengers, Fantastic Four, etc.), and the villains associated with said characters. This clause has allowed Walt Disney World to have meet and greets, merchandise, attractions and more with other Marvel characters not associated with the characters at Islands of Adventures, such as Star-Lord and Gamora from Guardians of the Galaxy as well as Baymax and Hiro from Big Hero 6.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What Disney theme park will become the first to feature Marvel-specific attractions?
A: Hong Kong Disneyland', '
Q: Because of a prior contract, what two Disney parks are barred from featuring Marvel characters?
A: Walt Disney World and Tokyo Disney', '
Q: The contract with what non-Disney studio prevents some parks from using Marvel characters?
A: Universal Studios', '
Q: What Marvel movie featured Star-Lord and Gamora?
A: Guardians of the Galaxy', '
Q: What movie features the characters Baymax and Hiro?
A: Big Hero 6']
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. At its height, it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1922 the British Empire held sway over about 458 million people, one-fifth of the world's population at the time, and covered more than 13,000,000 sq mi (33,670,000 km2), almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political, legal, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, the phrase "the empire on which the sun never sets" was often used to describe the British Empire, because its expanse around the globe meant that the sun was always shining on at least one of its territories.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: The United Kingdom ruled what empire?
A: British', '
Q: Which empire was the largest in history, at its height?
A: British', '
Q: When did 458 million people live in the British Empire?
A: 1922', "
Q: How much of the world's population did the British Empire rule in 1922?
A: one-fifth", '
Q: How many square miles did the British Empire rule in 1922?
A: 13,000,000']
During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France, and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia. A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England (and then, following union between England and Scotland in 1707, Great Britain) the dominant colonial power in North America and India.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In which centuries was the Age of Discovery?
A: 15th and 16th centuries', '
Q: Which countries pioneered European exploration of the globe?
A: Portugal and Spain', '
Q: When did England become Great Britain?
A: 1707', '
Q: Which countries began colonizing because they envied the empires of Portugal and Spain?
A: England, France, and the Netherlands', '
Q: Which country combined with England to form Great Britain?
A: Scotland']
The independence of the Thirteen Colonies in North America in 1783 after the American War of Independence caused Britain to lose some of its oldest and most populous colonies. British attention soon turned towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. After the defeat of France in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (1792–1815), Britain emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century (with London the largest city in the world from about 1830). Unchallenged at sea, British dominance was later described as Pax Britannica ("British Peace"), a period of relative peace in Europe and the world (1815–1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon and adopted the role of global policeman. In the early 19th century, the Industrial Revolution began to transform Britain; by the time of the Great Exhibition in 1851 the country was described as the "workshop of the world". The British Empire expanded to include India, large parts of Africa and many other territories throughout the world. Alongside the formal control it exerted over its own colonies, British dominance of much of world trade meant that it effectively controlled the economies of many regions, such as Asia and Latin America. Domestically, political attitudes favoured free trade and laissez-faire policies and a gradual widening of the voting franchise. During this century, the population increased at a dramatic rate, accompanied by rapid urbanisation, causing significant social and economic stresses. To seek new markets and sources of raw materials, the Conservative Party under Disraeli launched a period of imperialist expansion in Egypt, South Africa, and elsewhere. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand became self-governing dominions.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did the Thirteen Colonies become independent from Britain?
A: 1783', '
Q: Which war caused Britain to lose some of its oldest and most populous colonies?
A: American War of Independence', '
Q: In which wars was France defeated?
A: the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars', '
Q: What did Pax Britannica mean?
A: British Peace', '
Q: When was Britain called the "workshop of the world"?
A: 1851']
By the start of the 20th century, Germany and the United States challenged Britain's economic lead. Subsequent military and economic tensions between Britain and Germany were major causes of the First World War, during which Britain relied heavily upon its empire. The conflict placed enormous strain on the military, financial and manpower resources of Britain. Although the British Empire achieved its largest territorial extent immediately after World War I, Britain was no longer the world's pre-eminent industrial or military power. In the Second World War, Britain's colonies in South-East Asia were occupied by Imperial Japan. Despite the final victory of Britain and its allies, the damage to British prestige helped to accelerate the decline of the empire. India, Britain's most valuable and populous possession, achieved independence as part of a larger decolonisation movement in which Britain granted independence to most territories of the Empire. The transfer of Hong Kong to China in 1997 marked for many the end of the British Empire. Fourteen overseas territories remain under British sovereignty. After independence, many former British colonies joined the Commonwealth of Nations, a free association of independent states. The United Kingdom is now one of 16 Commonwealth nations, a grouping known informally as the Commonwealth realms, that share one monarch—Queen Elizabeth II.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Which countries challenged Britain's economic lead by the start of the 20th century?
A: Germany and the United States", "
Q: Which country was Britain's most valuable and populous possession?
A: India", '
Q: When did Britain transfer Hong Kong to China?
A: overseas territories remain under British sovereignty', '
Q: How many overseas territories remain under British sovereignty?
A: Fourteen', "
Q: Who is the Commonwealth's monarch?
A: Queen Elizabeth II"]