romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
In January 2009, the Green Power Partnership (GPP, sponsored by the EPA) listed Northwestern as one of the top 10 universities in the country in purchasing energy from renewable sources. The university matches 74 million kilowatt hours (kWh) of its annual energy use with Green-e Certified Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs). This green power commitment represents 30 percent of the university's total annual electricity use and places Northwestern in the EPA's Green Power Leadership Club. The 2010 Report by The Sustainable Endowments Institute awarded Northwestern a "B-" on its College Sustainability Report Card. The Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN), supporting research, teaching and outreach in these themes, was launched in 2008.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In 2009, who named Northwestern as one of the top 10 universities in the country in purchasing renewable energy?
A: Green Power Partnership', "
Q: How much of the university's total annual electric bill is represented by the green power commitment?
A: 30 percent", '
Q: What grade was given to Northwestern on the 2010 College Sustainability Report Card  by The Sustainable Endowments Institute?
A: B-', '
Q: Which EPA club is Northwestern University included in?
A: Green Power Leadership Club', '
Q: Who sponsored the Green Power Partnership?
A: the EPA']
Northwestern requires that all new buildings be LEED-certified. Silverman Hall on the Evanston campus was awarded Gold LEED Certification in 2010; Wieboldt Hall on the Chicago campus was awarded Gold LEED Certification in 2007, and the Ford Motor Company Engineering Design Center on the Evanston campus was awarded Silver LEED Certification in 2006. New construction and renovation projects will be designed to provide at least a 20% improvement over energy code requirements where technically feasible. The university also released at the beginning of the 2008–09 academic year the Evanston Campus Framework Plan, which outlines plans for future development of the Evanston Campus. The plan not only emphasizes the sustainable construction of buildings, but also discusses improving transportation by optimizing pedestrian and bicycle access. Northwestern has had a comprehensive recycling program in place since 1990. Annually more than 1,500 tons are recycled at Northwestern, which represents 30% of the waste produced on campus. Additionally, all landscape waste at the university is composted.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the required certification for all Northwestern buildings?
A: LEED', '
Q: What percentage of improvement over energy code requirements will be the goal of all new construction and renovations?
A: at least a 20%', '
Q: How many tons of waste are recycled at Northwestern yearly?
A: 1,500', '
Q: How is all university landscape waste used?
A: composted', '
Q: What does the Evanston Campus Framework Plan outline?
A: future development of the Evanston Campus']
Northwestern is privately owned and is governed by an appointed Board of Trustees. The board, composed of 70 members and as of 2011[update] chaired by William A. Osborn '69, delegates its power to an elected president to serve as the chief executive officer of the university. Northwestern has had sixteen presidents in its history (excluding interim presidents), the current president, Morton O. Schapiro, an economist, having succeeded Henry Bienen whose 14-year tenure ended on August 31, 2009. The president has a staff of vice presidents, directors, and other assistants for administrative, financial, faculty, and student matters. Daniel I. Linzer, provost since September 2007, serves under the president as the chief academic officer of the university to whom the deans of every academic school, leaders of cross-disciplinary units, and chairs of the standing faculty committee report.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who governs Northwestern?
A: an appointed Board of Trustees', "
Q: How many members are on Northwestern's Board of Trustees?
A: 70", "
Q: Who does the Board of Trustees delegate it's power to?
A: an elected president", '
Q: How many presidents, excluding interrims, has Northwestern had?
A: sixteen', '
Q: Who has a staff of vice-presidents, directors, and other administrative assistants?
A: the president']
Northwestern is a large, residential research university. Accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools and the respective national professional organizations for chemistry, psychology, business, education, journalism, music, engineering, law, and medicine, the university offers 124 undergraduate programs and 145 graduate and professional programs. Northwestern conferred 2,190 bachelor's degrees, 3,272 master's degrees, 565 doctoral degrees, and 444 professional degrees in 2012–2013.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many undergraduate programs are offered by Northwestern?
A: 124', '
Q: How many graduate and professional programs are offered by Northwestern?
A: 145', "
Q: How many master's degrees did Northwestern confer during the 2012-2013 school term?
A: 3,272", '
Q: How many doctoral degrees did Northwestern confer during the 2012-2013 school term?
A: 565', "
Q: How many bachelor's degrees did Northwestern confer during the 2012-2013 school term?
A: 2,190"]
The four-year, full-time undergraduate program comprises the majority of enrollments at the university and emphasizes instruction in the arts and sciences, plus the professions of engineering, journalism, communication, music, and education. Although a foundation in the liberal arts and sciences is required in all majors, there is no required common core curriculum; individual degree requirements are set by the faculty of each school. Northwestern's full-time undergraduate and graduate programs operate on an approximately 10-week academic quarter system with the academic year beginning in late September and ending in early June. Undergraduates typically take four courses each quarter and twelve courses in an academic year and are required to complete at least twelve quarters on campus to graduate. Northwestern offers honors, accelerated, and joint degree programs in medicine, science, mathematics, engineering, and journalism. The comprehensive doctoral graduate program has high coexistence with undergraduate programs.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which 4-year program comprises the majority of enrollments at Northwestern?
A: full-time undergraduate', '
Q: Who sets individual degree requirements at Northwestern?
A: the faculty of each school', '
Q: How many quarters are undergraduates required to complete on campus to graduate?
A: at least twelve', '
Q: How many courses do undergrads typically take each quarter?
A: four', '
Q: How many weeks is one academic quarter at Northwestern?
A: approximately 10']
Undergraduate tuition for the 2012/13 school year was $61,240; this includes the basic tuition of $43,380, fees (health $200, etc.), room and board of $13,329 (less if commuting), books and supplies $1,842, personal expenses $1,890, transportation cost of $400. Northwestern awards financial aid solely on the basis of need through loans, work-study, grants, and scholarships. The University processed in excess of $472 million in financial aid for the 2009–2010 academic year. This included $265 million in institutional funds, with the remainder coming from federal and state governments and private organizations and individuals. Northwestern scholarship programs for undergraduate students support needy students from a variety of income and backgrounds. Approximately 44 percent of the June 2010 graduates had received federal and/or private loans for their undergraduate education, graduating with an average debt of $17,200.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the total undergrad tuition for the 2012/2013 school year?
A: $61,240', '
Q: On what basis does Northwestern award financial aid?
A: need', '
Q: What percentage of the June 2010 graduates received federal or private loans?
A: Approximately 44', '
Q: What was the average debt for the June 2010 graduates?
A: $17,200', '
Q: How much financial aid did Northwestern process for the 2009-2010 academic year?
A: in excess of $472 million']
In the fall of 2014, among the six undergraduate schools, 40.6% of undergraduate students are enrolled in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, 21.3% in the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, 14.3% in the School of Communication, 11.7% in the Medill School of Journalism, 5.7% in the Bienen School of Music, and 6.4% in the School of Education and Social Policy. The five most commonly awarded undergraduate degrees are in economics, journalism, communication studies, psychology, and political science. While professional students are affiliated with their respective schools, the School of Professional Studies offers master's and bachelor's degree, and certificate programs tailored to the professional studies. With 2,446 students enrolled in science, engineering, and health fields, the largest graduate programs by enrollment include chemistry, integrated biology, material sciences, electrical and computer engineering, neuroscience, and economics. The Kellogg School of Management's MBA, the School of Law's JD, and the Feinberg School of Medicine's MD are the three largest professional degree programs by enrollment.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In the fall of 2014, which school did 40.6% of undergraduates enroll in?
A: Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences', '
Q: In the fall of 2014, which school did 21.3% of undergraduates enroll in?
A: McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science', '
Q: In the fall of 2014, which school did 14.3% of undergraduates enroll in?
A: School of Communication', '
Q: In the fall of 2014, which school did 11.7% of undergraduates enroll in?
A: Medill School of Journalism', '
Q: In the fall of 2014, which school did 5.7% of undergraduates enroll in?
A: Bienen School of Music']
Admissions are characterized as "most selective" by U.S. News & World Report. There were 35,099 applications for the undergraduate class of 2020 (entering 2016), and 3,751 (10.7%) were admitted, making Northwestern one of the most selective schools in the United States. For freshmen enrolling in the class of 2019, the interquartile range (middle 50%) on the SAT was 690–760 for critical reading and 710-800 for math, ACT composite scores for the middle 50% ranged from 31–34, and 91% ranked in the top ten percent of their high school class.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How selective are admissions at Northwestern characterized by U.S. News & World Report?
A: most selective', '
Q: What percentage of applications were admitted for the undergraduate class entering in 2016?
A: 10.7%', '
Q: What percentage of freshman students enrolling in the class of 2019 ranked in the top 10% of their high school class?
A: 91%', '
Q: For freshman enrolling in the class of 2019, what was the interquartile range on the SAT for critical reading?
A: 690–760', '
Q: For freshman enrolling in the class of 2019, what was the interquartile range on the SAT for math?
A: 710-800']
In April 2016, Northwestern announced that it signed on to the Chicago Star Partnership, a City Colleges initiative. Through this partnership, Northwestern is one of 15 Illinois public and private universities that will "provide scholarships to students who graduate from Chicago Public Schools, get their associate degree from one of the city's community colleges, and then get admitted to a bachelor's degree program." The partnership was influenced by Mayor Rahm Emanuel, who encouraged local universities to increase opportunities for students in the public school district. The University of Chicago, Northeastern Illinois University, the School of the Art Institute, DePaul University and Loyola University are also part of the Star Scholars partnership.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What City College initiative did Northwestern announce signing on with in 2016?
A: the Chicago Star Partnership', '
Q: Who encouraged local universities to increase opportunities for students in the public school districts?
A: Mayor Rahm Emanuel', '
Q: Through the Chicago Star Partnership, what is provided to students from Chicago public schools that meet further educational criteria?
A: scholarships', '
Q: Which mayor influenced the Chicago Star Partnership?
A: Rahm Emanuel']
The Northwestern library system consists of four libraries on the Evanston campus including the present main library, University Library and the original library building, Deering Library; three libraries on the Chicago campus; and the library affiliated with Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary. The University Library contains over 4.9 million volumes, 4.6 million microforms, and almost 99,000 periodicals making it (by volume) the 30th-largest university library in North America and the 10th-largest library among private universities. Notable collections in the library system include the Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies, the largest Africana collection in the world, an extensive collection of early edition printed music and manuscripts as well as late-modern works, and an art collection noted for its 19th and 20th-century Western art and architecture periodicals. The library system participates with 15 other universities in digitizing its collections as a part of the Google Book Search project. The Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art is a major art museum in Chicago, containing more than 4,000 works in its permanent collection as well as dedicating a third of its space to temporary and traveling exhibitions.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many libraries are on the Evanston campus?
A: four', '
Q: How many volumes does the University Library contain?
A: over 4.9 million', '
Q: How does the University Library rank among North American university libraries?
A: the 30th-largest', '
Q: What does the Google Book Search project help libraries with?
A: digitizing its collections', '
Q: What is the largest African collection in the world that is part of the Northwesern library system?
A: Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies']
Northwestern was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1917 and remains a research university with "very high" research activity. Northwestern's schools of management, engineering, and communication are among the most academically productive in the nation. Northwestern received $550 million in research funding in 2014. Northwestern supports nearly 1,500 research laboratories across two campuses, predominately in the medical and biological sciences. Through the Innovation and New Ventures Office (INVO), Northwestern researchers disclosed 247 inventions, filed 270 patents applications, received 81 foreign and US patents, started 12 companies, and generated $79.8 million in licensing revenue in 2013. The bulk of revenue has come from a patent on pregabalin, a synthesized organic molecule discovered by chemistry professor Richard Silverman, which ultimately was marketed as Lyrica, a drug sold by Pfizer, to combat epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia. INVO has been involved in creating a number of centers, including the Center for Developmental Therapeutics (CDT) and the Center for Device Development (CD2). It has also helped form over 50 Northwestern startup companies based on Northwestern technologies.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was Northwestern elected to the Association of American Universities?
A: 1917', "
Q: Which of Northwestern's schools are among the most academically productive in the nation?
A: management, engineering, and communication", '
Q: In 2014, how much research funding did Northwestern receive?
A: $550 million', '
Q: Who discovered the drug that was ultimately marketed as Lyrica?
A: chemistry professor Richard Silverman', "
Q: How many companies were started through Northwestern's Innovations and New Ventures Office?
A: 12"]
Northwestern is home to the Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics, Northwestern Institute for Complex Systems, Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, Materials Research Center, Institute for Policy Research, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Center for Catalysis and Surface Science, Buffet Center for International and Comparative Studies, the Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern and the Argonne/Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center and other centers for interdisciplinary research.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where is the home of the Center for Catalysis and Surface Science?
A: Northwestern', '
Q: Where is the home of the International Institute for Nanotechnology?
A: Northwestern', '
Q: Where is the home of the Materials Research Center?
A: Northwestern', '
Q: Where is the home for the Institute for Policy Research?
A: Northwestern', '
Q: Where is the home of the Buffet Center for International and Comparative Studies?
A: Northwestern']
The undergraduates have a number of traditions: Painting The Rock (originally a fountain donated by the Class of 1902) is a way to advertise, for example, campus organizations, events in Greek life, student groups, and university-wide events. Dance Marathon, a 30-hour philanthropic event, has raised more than 13 million dollars in its history for various children's charities. Primal Scream is held at 9 p.m. on the Sunday before finals week every quarter; students lean out of windows or gather in courtyards and scream. Armadillo Day, or, more popularly, Dillo Day, a day of music and food, is held on Northwestern's Lakefill every Spring on the weekend after Memorial Day. And in one of the University's newer traditions, every year during freshman orientation, known as Wildcat Welcome, freshmen and transfer students pass through Weber Arch to the loud huzzahs of upperclassmen and the music of the University Marching Band.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: How much money has the traditional Northwestern Dance Marathon raised for children's charities?
A: more than 13 million dollars", '
Q: What do students do during the traditional Primal Scream event held before finals week every quarter?
A: scream', "
Q: What is the popular name for Northwestern's traditional Armadillo Day?
A: Dillo Day", '
Q: When is Armadillo Day held every year?
A: on the weekend after Memorial Day', '
Q: What name is freshman orientation known as?
A: Wildcat Welcome']
There are traditions long associated with football games. Students growl like wildcats when the opposing team controls the ball, while simulating a paw with their hands. They will also jingle keys at the beginning of each kickoff. In the past, before the tradition was discontinued, students would throw marshmallows during games. The Clock Tower at the Rebecca Crown Center glows purple, instead of its usual white, after a winning game, thereby proclaiming the happy news. The Clock Tower remains purple until a loss or until the end of the sports season. Whereas formerly the Clock Tower was lighted only for football victories, wins for men's basketball and women's lacrosse now merit commemoration as well; important victories in other sports may also prompt an empurpling.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What do students traditionally do at the beginning of each football game kickoff?
A: jingle keys', '
Q: What football game tradition has since been discontinued?
A: students would throw marshmallows during games', '
Q: What color does the Clock Tower glow after a winning football game?
A: purple', '
Q: What noise do students make when the opposing team has control of the football?
A: growl', '
Q: How long does the Clock Tower remain purple after a winning game?
A: until a loss or until the end of the sports season']
Two annual productions are especially notable: the Waa-Mu show, and the Dolphin show. Waa-Mu is an original musical, written and produced almost entirely by students. Children's theater is represented on campus by Griffin's Tale and Purple Crayon Players. Its umbrella organization—the Student Theatre Coalition, or StuCo, organizes nine student theatre companies, multiple performance groups and more than sixty independent productions each year. Many Northwestern alumni have used these productions as stepping stones to successful television and film careers. Chicago's Lookingglass Theatre Company, for example, which began life in the Great Room in Jones Residential College, was founded in 1988 by several alumni, including David Schwimmer; in 2011, it won the Regional Tony Award.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are the two most notable productions each year at Northwestern?
A: the Waa-Mu show, and the Dolphin show', '
Q: Who is the Waa-Muu show primarily written and produced by?
A: students', '
Q: What does StuCo stand for?
A: Student Theatre Coalition', '
Q: How many student theatre companies does StuCo organize?
A: nine', "
Q: Which theater company was founded by several Northwestern alumni in 1988?
A: Chicago's Lookingglass"]
Many students are involved in community service in one form or another. Annual events include Dance Marathon, a thirty-hour event that raised more than a million dollars for charity in 2011; and Project Pumpkin, a Halloween celebration hosted by the Northwestern Community Development Corps (NCDC) to which more than 800 local children are invited for an afternoon of games and sweets. NCDC's work is to connect hundreds of student volunteers to some twenty volunteer sites in Evanston and Chicago throughout the year. Many students have assisted with the Special Olympics and have taken alternative spring break trips to hundreds of service sites across the United States. Northwestern students also participate in the Freshman Urban Program, a program for students interested in community service. A large and growing number of students participate in the university's Global Engagement Summer Institute (GESI), a group service-learning expedition in Asia, Africa, or Latin America, in conjunction with the Foundation for Sustainable Development. Several internationally recognized non-profit organizations have originated at Northwestern including the World Health Imaging, Informatics and Telemedicine Alliance, a spin-off from an engineering student's honors thesis.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What 30 hour event raised more than a million dollars for charity in 2011?
A: Dance Marathon', '
Q: What is the name of the Halloween celebration to which over 800 local children are invited?
A: Project Pumpkin', '
Q: What is the name of the Northwestern program for students interested in community service?
A: Freshman Urban Program', "
Q: What is the name of the university's group service-learning expedition in Asia, Africa or Latin America?
A: Global Engagement Summer Institute", '
Q: What does NCDC stand for?
A: Northwestern Community Development Corps']
Northwestern has several housing options, including both traditional residence halls and residential colleges which gather together students who have a particular intellectual interest in common. Among the residential colleges are the Residential College of Cultural and Community Studies (CCS), Ayers College of Commerce and Industry, Jones Residential College (Arts), and Slivka Residential College (Science and Engineering). Dorms include 1835 Hinman, Bobb-McCulloch, Foster-Walker complex (commonly referred to as Plex), and several more. In Winter 2013, 39% of undergraduates were affiliated with a fraternity or sorority. Northwestern recognizes 21 fraternities and 18 sororities.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What percentage of undergraduates were affiliated with a fraternity or sorority in Winter 2013?
A: 39%', '
Q: How many fraternities does Northwestern recognize?
A: 21', '
Q: How many sororities does Northwestern recognize?
A: 18', '
Q: What is the name of the Residential College that houses students with an interest in science and engineering?
A: Slivka', '
Q: Which dorms are commonly referred to as Plex?
A: Foster-Walker complex']