romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
The traditional Charleston accent has long been noted in the state and throughout the South. It is typically heard in wealthy white families who trace their families back generations in the city. It has ingliding or monophthongal long mid-vowels, raises ay and aw in certain environments, and is nonrhotic. Sylvester Primer of the College of Charleston wrote about aspects of the local dialect in his late 19th-century works: "Charleston Provincialisms" (1887)  and "The Huguenot Element in Charleston's Provincialisms", published in a German journal. He believed the accent was based on the English as it was spoken by the earliest settlers, therefore derived from Elizabethan England and preserved with modifications by Charleston speakers. The rapidly disappearing "Charleston accent" is still noted in the local pronunciation of the city's name. Some elderly (and usually upper-class) Charleston natives ignore the 'r' and elongate the first vowel, pronouncing the name as "Chah-l-ston". Some observers attribute these unique features of Charleston's speech to its early settlement by French Huguenots and Sephardic Jews (who were primarily English speakers from London), both of whom played influential roles in Charleston's early development and history.[citation needed]

Questions and answers:
['
Q: "Charleston\'s Provincialisms" was published in what year?
A: 1887', "
Q: To which two early cultures are the unique characteristics of Charleston's accent attributed to?
A: French Huguenots and Sephardic Jews", '
Q: To which college did Sylvester Primer belong?
A: College of Charleston', '
Q: Who was the author of the work entitled, "The Huguenot Element in Charleston\'s Provincialisms"?
A: Sylvester Primer', "
Q: What type of journal were Primer's work on Charleston's accent published?
A: German journal"]
Charleston annually hosts Spoleto Festival USA founded by Gian Carlo Menotti, a 17-day art festival featuring over 100 performances by individual artists in a variety of disciplines. The Spoleto Festival is internationally recognized as America's premier performing arts festival. The annual Piccolo Spoleto festival takes place at the same time and features local performers and artists, with hundreds of performances throughout the city. Other festivals and events include Historic Charleston Foundation's Festival of Houses and Gardens and Charleston Antiques Show, the Taste of Charleston, The Lowcountry Oyster Festival, the Cooper River Bridge Run, The Charleston Marathon, Southeastern Wildlife Exposition (SEWE), Charleston Food and Wine Festival, Charleston Fashion Week, the MOJA Arts Festival, and the Holiday Festival of Lights (at James Island County Park), and the Charleston International Film Festival.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many days does the Spoleto Festival USA run each year?
A: 17', '
Q: What kind of festival is Spoleto Festival USA?
A: art festival', '
Q: The Holiday Festival of Lights are held where?
A: James Island County Park', '
Q: About how many performances are there in the Spoleto Festival USA?
A: over 100 performances', '
Q: Who founded the Spoleto Festival USA?
A: Gian Carlo Menotti']
As it has on every aspect of Charleston culture, the Gullah community has had a tremendous influence on music in Charleston, especially when it comes to the early development of jazz music. In turn, the music of Charleston has had an influence on that of the rest of the country. The geechee dances that accompanied the music of the dock workers in Charleston followed a rhythm that inspired Eubie Blake's "Charleston Rag" and later James P. Johnson's "The Charleston", as well as the dance craze that defined a nation in the 1920s. "Ballin' the Jack", which was a popular dance in the years before "The Charleston", was written by native Charlestonian Chris Smith.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who wrote the "Charleston"?
A: Chris Smith', '
Q: What decade was the Charleston dance popular nationally?
A: 1920s', '
Q: Who created the song "Charleston Rag"?
A: Eubie Blake', '
Q: Which Charleston community had a large influence on jazz music?
A: the Gullah community', '
Q: Geechee dances are associated with the music of what type of worker?
A: dock workers']
The Jenkins Orphanage was established in 1891 by the Rev. Daniel J. Jenkins in Charleston. The orphanage accepted donations of musical instruments and Rev. Jenkins hired local Charleston musicians and Avery Institute Graduates to tutor the boys in music. As a result, Charleston musicians became proficient on a variety of instruments and were able to read music expertly. These traits set Jenkins musicians apart and helped land some of them positions in big bands with Duke Ellington and Count Basie. William "Cat" Anderson, Jabbo Smith, and Freddie Green are but a few of the alumni from the Jenkins Orphanage band who became professional musicians in some of the best bands of the day. Orphanages around the country began to develop brass bands in the wake of the Jenkins Orphanage Band's success. At the Colored Waif's Home Brass Band in New Orleans, for example, a young trumpeter named Louis Armstrong first began to draw attention.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year was the Jenkins Orphanage created?
A: 1891', '
Q: What type of donations did the Jerkins Orphanage accept?
A: donations of musical instruments', '
Q: What Charleston Reverend established the Jenkins Orphanage?
A: Daniel J. Jenkins', '
Q: Whose graduates tutored many boys from the Jenkins Orphanage?
A: Avery Institute Graduates', '
Q: What city was Louis Armstrong from?
A: New Orleans']
As many as five bands were on tour during the 1920s. The Jenkins Orphanage Band played in the inaugural parades of Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft and toured the USA and Europe. The band also played on Broadway for the play "Porgy" by DuBose and Dorothy Heyward, a stage version of their novel of the same title. The story was based in Charleston and featured the Gullah community. The Heywards insisted on hiring the real Jenkins Orphanage Band to portray themselves on stage. Only a few years later, DuBose Heyward collaborated with George and Ira Gershwin to turn his novel into the now famous opera, Porgy and Bess (so named so as to distinguish it from the play). George Gershwin and Heyward spent the summer of 1934 at Folly Beach outside of Charleston writing this "folk opera", as Gershwin called it. Porgy and Bess is considered the Great American Opera[citation needed] and is widely performed.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What other president did the Jenkins Orphanage play for other than Taft?
A: Theodore Roosevelt', '
Q: What play did the Jenkins Orphanage band play for on Broadway ?
A: Porgy', '
Q: What was the name of the "folk opera" based on \'Porgy\'?
A: Porgy and Bess', '
Q: Where did Gershwin and Heyward write their folk opera?
A: Folly Beach outside of Charleston', '
Q: When did Gershwin and Heyward write their folk opera?
A: summer of 1934']
The City of Charleston Fire Department consists over 300 full-time firefighters. These firefighters operate out of 19 companies located throughout the city: 16 engine companies, two tower companies, and one ladder company. Training, Fire Marshall, Operations, and Administration are the divisions of the department. The department operates on a 24/48 schedule and had a Class 1 ISO rating until late 2008, when ISO officially lowered it to Class 3. Russell (Rusty) Thomas served as Fire Chief until June 2008, and was succeeded by Chief Thomas Carr in November 2008.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many companies are there in the City of Charleston Fire Department?
A: 19', '
Q: How many full time firefighters do Charleston have?
A: 300', '
Q: Who was the Fire Chief until June 2008?
A: Russell (Rusty) Thomas', '
Q: Who became the Fire Chief in November 2008?
A: Chief Thomas Carr', '
Q: How many tower companies does the fire department have?
A: two']
The City of Charleston Police Department, with a total of 452 sworn officers, 137 civilians, and 27 reserve police officers, is South Carolina's largest police department. Their procedures on cracking down on drug use and gang violence in the city are used as models to other cities to do the same.[citation needed] According to the final 2005 FBI Crime Reports, Charleston crime level is worse than the national average in almost every major category. Greg Mullen, the former Deputy Chief of the Virginia Beach, Virginia Police Department, serves as the current Chief of the Charleston Police Department. The former Charleston police chief was Reuben Greenberg, who resigned August 12, 2005. Greenberg was credited with creating a polite police force that kept police brutality well in check, even as it developed a visible presence in community policing and a significant reduction in crime rates.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the largest police department of South Carolina?
A: The City of Charleston Police Department', '
Q: How many reserve police officers do the Charleston Police Department have?
A: 27', '
Q: How many civilians serve on the Charleston Police Department?
A: 137', '
Q: Who is the current Chief of the Charleston Police Department?
A: Greg Mullen', '
Q: What year did Reuben Greenberg retire as Chief of Charleston Police Department?
A: 2005']
Charleston is the primary medical center for the eastern portion of the state. The city has several major hospitals located in the downtown area: Medical University of South Carolina Medical Center (MUSC), Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, and Roper Hospital. MUSC is the state's first school of medicine, the largest medical university in the state, and the sixth-oldest continually operating school of medicine in the United States. The downtown medical district is experiencing rapid growth of biotechnology and medical research industries coupled with substantial expansions of all the major hospitals. Additionally, more expansions are planned or underway at another major hospital located in the West Ashley portion of the city: Bon Secours-St Francis Xavier Hospital. The Trident Regional Medical Center located in the City of North Charleston and East Cooper Regional Medical Center located in Mount Pleasant also serve the needs of residents of the city of Charleston.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is the state's first school of medicine?
A: Medical University of South Carolina Medical Center", '
Q: Where is East Cooper Regional Medical Center?
A: Mount Pleasant', '
Q: Where is the Trident Regional Medical Center is located?
A: City of North Charleston', '
Q: Bon Secours-St Francis Xavier Hospital is located at what portion of the city?
A: West Ashley portion', '
Q: What medical district is experiencing growth in biotechnology and medical research field?
A: The downtown medical district']
The City of Charleston is served by the Charleston International Airport. It is located in the City of North Charleston and is about 12 miles (20 km) northwest of downtown Charleston. It is the busiest passenger airport in South Carolina (IATA: CHS, ICAO: KCHS). The airport shares runways with the adjacent Charleston Air Force Base. Charleston Executive Airport is a smaller airport located in the John's Island section of the city of Charleston and is used by noncommercial aircraft. Both airports are owned and operated by the Charleston County Aviation Authority.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What airport provides service to the City to Charleston?
A: Charleston International Airport', '
Q: The Charleston International Airport is located in what city?
A: North Charleston', '
Q: How far is the airport from downtown Charleston?
A: 12 miles (20 km)', "
Q: Charleston Executive Airport is located where?
A: the John's Island section of the city of Charleston", '
Q: What military base is located near the airport?
A: Charleston Air Force Base']
Interstate 26 begins in downtown Charleston, with exits to the Septima Clark Expressway, the Arthur Ravenel, Jr. Bridge and Meeting Street. Heading northwest, it connects the city to North Charleston, the Charleston International Airport, Interstate 95, and Columbia. The Arthur Ravenel, Jr. Bridge and Septima Clark Expressway are part of U.S. Highway 17, which travels east-west through the cities of Charleston and Mount Pleasant. The Mark Clark Expressway, or Interstate 526, is the bypass around the city and begins and ends at U.S. Highway 17. U.S. Highway 52 is Meeting Street and its spur is East Bay Street, which becomes Morrison Drive after leaving the east side. This highway merges with King Street in the city's Neck area (industrial district). U.S. Highway 78 is King Street in the downtown area, eventually merging with Meeting Street.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What area in Charleston is considered the 'industrial area'?
A: the city's Neck area", '
Q: What highways is King Street in downtown Charleston?
A: U.S. Highway 78', '
Q: U.S. Highway 78 merges with what street?
A: Meeting Street', '
Q: Interstate 526 begins and ends at what Highway?
A: U.S. Highway 17', '
Q: Interstate 26 begins on what part of Charleston?
A: downtown Charleston']
The Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge across the Cooper River opened on July 16, 2005, and was the second-longest cable-stayed bridge in the Americas at the time of its construction.[citation needed] The bridge links Mount Pleasant with downtown Charleston, and has eight lanes plus a 12-foot lane shared by pedestrians and bicycles. It replaced the Grace Memorial Bridge (built in 1929) and the Silas N. Pearman Bridge (built in 1966). They were considered two of the more dangerous bridges in America and were demolished after the Ravenel Bridge opened.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year did the Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge open?
A: 2005', '
Q: What is linked to downtown Charleston by the bridge?
A: Mount Pleasant', '
Q: What year was the Grace Memorial Bridge built?
A: 1929', '
Q: What year was the Silas N. Pearman Bridge built?
A: 1966', '
Q: The Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge crosses what river?
A: Cooper River']
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston Office of Education also operates out of the city and oversees several K-8 parochial schools, such as Blessed Sacrament School, Christ Our King School, Charleston Catholic School, Nativity School, and Divine Redeemer School, all of which are "feeder" schools into Bishop England High School, a diocesan high school within the city. Bishop England, Porter-Gaud School, and Ashley Hall are the city's oldest and most prominent private schools, and are a significant part of Charleston history, dating back some 150 years.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Some of the oldest private schools in Charleston date back how long?
A: 150 years', '
Q: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston oversees what kind of schools?
A: K-8 parochial schools', "
Q: How old are some of Charleston's private school?
A: 150 years", "
Q: Which school is Charleston's diocesan high school?
A: Bishop England High School", '
Q: Which organization oversees several K-8 Parochial Schools?
A: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston Office of Education', "
Q: Bishop England High school , Porter-Gaud School and a what other school is among Charleston's most prominent private schools?
A: Ashley Hall"]
Public institutions of higher education in Charleston include the College of Charleston (the nation's 13th-oldest university), The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, and the Medical University of South Carolina. The city is also home to private universities, including the Charleston School of Law . Charleston is also home to the Roper Hospital School of Practical Nursing, and the city has a downtown satellite campus for the region's technical school, Trident Technical College. Charleston is also the location for the only college in the country that offers bachelor's degrees in the building arts, The American College of the Building Arts. The Art Institute of Charleston, located downtown on North Market Street, opened in 2007.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is the nation's 13th-oldest university?
A: College of Charleston", '
Q: Where is the Art Institute of Charleston located?
A: downtown on North Market Street', '
Q: What year did the Art institute of Charleston open?
A: 2007', '
Q: What Charleston College offers a degree in Building Arts?
A: The American College of the Building Arts', '
Q: What Technical college have a campus at downtown Charleston?
A: Trident Technical College']
Charleston has one official sister city, Spoleto, Umbria, Italy. The relationship between the two cities began when Pulitzer Prize-winning Italian composer Gian Carlo Menotti selected Charleston as the city to host the American version of Spoleto's annual Festival of Two Worlds. "Looking for a city that would provide the charm of Spoleto, as well as its wealth of theaters, churches, and other performance spaces, they selected Charleston, South Carolina, as the ideal location. The historic city provided a perfect fit: intimate enough that the Festival would captivate the entire city, yet cosmopolitan enough to provide an enthusiastic audience and robust infrastructure."

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is the name of Charleston's sister city?
A: Spoleto", '
Q: In what country is Spoleto located?
A: Italy', '
Q: Who selected Charleston to host an American version of a festival?
A: Gian Carlo Menotti', '
Q: What is the name of festival held in Spoleto?
A: Festival of Two Worlds', '
Q: What is the profession of Gian Carlo Menotti?
A: composer']
During this period, the Weapons Station was the Atlantic Fleet's loadout base for all nuclear ballistic missile submarines. Two SSBN "Boomer" squadrons and a submarine tender were homeported at the Weapons Station, while one SSN attack squadron, Submarine Squadron 4, and a submarine tender were homeported at the Naval Base. At the 1996 closure of the station's Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic (POMFLANT), over 2,500 nuclear warheads and their UGM-27 Polaris, UGM-73 Poseidon, and UGM-96 Trident I delivery missiles (SLBM) were stored and maintained, guarded by a U.S. Marine Corps security force company.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year was the Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic station closed?
A: 1996', '
Q: How many nuclear warheads were stored at the Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic station?
A: 2,500 nuclear warheads', '
Q: How many SSBN "Boomer" squadrons were homeported at the Weapons Station?
A: Two', '
Q: Submarine Squadron 4 is homeported at what type of military base?
A: Naval Base', '
Q: What type of security force guards the 2500 nuclear warheads?
A: a U.S. Marine Corps security force company.']
In 1832, South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, a procedure by which a state could, in effect, repeal a federal law; it was directed against the most recent tariff acts. Soon, federal soldiers were dispensed to Charleston's forts, and five United States Coast Guard cutters were detached to Charleston Harbor "to take possession of any vessel arriving from a foreign port, and defend her against any attempt to dispossess the Customs Officers of her custody until all the requirements of law have been complied with." This federal action became known as the Charleston incident. The state's politicians worked on a compromise law in Washington to gradually reduce the tariffs.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year did South Carolina pass a law allowing them to repeal Federal Law?
A: 1832', "
Q: After South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, who was sent to Charleston's forts?
A: federal soldiers", '
Q: After South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, who was sent to Charleston Harbor?
A: five United States Coast Guard cutters', '
Q: The federal action of sending soldiers to Charleston in 1832 is known as what?
A: the Charleston incident', '
Q: A compromise law from the state politicans achieved what?
A: in Washington to gradually reduce the tariffs']
By 1840, the Market Hall and Sheds, where fresh meat and produce were brought daily, became a hub of commercial activity. The slave trade also depended on the port of Charleston, where ships could be unloaded and the slaves bought and sold. The legal importation of African slaves had ended in 1808, although smuggling was significant. However, the domestic trade was booming. More than one million slaves were transported from the Upper South to the Deep South in the antebellum years, as cotton plantations were widely developed through what became known as the Black Belt. Many slaves were transported in the coastwise slave trade, with slave ships stopping at ports such as Charleston.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What industry depended on the port of Charleston?
A: The slave trade', '
Q: Where was  fresh food sold daily in Charleston in 1840?
A: the Market Hall and Sheds', '
Q: What year did the legal importation of slaves end?
A: 1808', '
Q: The region where cotton plantations were developed was known as what?
A: Black Belt', '
Q: In what era did one million slaves get trade throughout the South?
A: in the antebellum years']
After the defeat of the Confederacy, federal forces remained in Charleston during the city's reconstruction. The war had shattered the prosperity of the antebellum city. Freed slaves were faced with poverty and discrimination, but a large community of free people of color had been well-established in the city before the war and became the leaders of the postwar Republican Party and its legislators. Men who had been free people of color before the war comprised 26% of those elected to state and federal office in South Carolina from 1868 to 1876.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What percentage of those elected from 1868 to 1876 were Freemen?
A: 26%', '
Q: Freeman became the leaders of what party in Charleston?
A: postwar Republican Party', '
Q: What else did freed slaves face in postwar Charleston besides discrimination?
A: poverty', "
Q: For what did the Federal forces remain in Charleston?
A: city's reconstruction", '
Q: Which side was defeated in the war before Reconstruction?
A: Confederacy']
Red is the color at the end of the spectrum of visible light next to orange and opposite violet. Red color has a predominant light wavelength of roughly 620–740 nanometres. Red is one of the additive primary colors of visible light, along with green and blue, which in Red Green Blue (RGB) color systems are combined to create all the colors on a computer monitor or television screen. Red is also one of the subtractive primary colors, along with yellow and blue, of the RYB color space and traditional color wheel used by painters and artists.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Red is opposite what color of the spectrum?
A: violet', '
Q: Which two colors besides red make up the RGB color system?
A: Green Blue', '
Q: Which color is red next to on the spectrum of visible light?
A: orange', '
Q: How many nanometres does red have?
A: roughly 620–740', '
Q: Which colors are combined to make all other colors? 
A: Red Green Blue', '
Q: What spectrum of light is red within?
A: visible light', '
Q: Which color is opposite of red on the visible spectrum?
A: violet', '
Q: On the spectrum of light, where is red found?
A: 620–740 nanometres', '
Q: What color is beside red in the visible spectrum of light?
A: orange', '
Q: Red Yellow and Blue are what kind of colors?
A: subtractive primary colors']