romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Modern Greek has, in addition to Standard Modern Greek or Dimotiki, a wide variety of dialects of varying levels of mutual intelligibility, including Cypriot, Pontic, Cappadocian, Griko and Tsakonian (the only surviving representative of ancient Doric Greek). Yevanic is the language of the Romaniotes, and survives in small communities in Greece, New York and Israel. In addition to Greek, many Greeks in Greece and the Diaspora are bilingual in other languages or dialects such as English, Arvanitika/Albanian, Aromanian, Macedonian Slavic, Russian and Turkish.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is different about the use of Greek language today as opposed to the language of the past ?
A: Modern Greek has, in addition to Standard Modern Greek or Dimotiki, a wide variety of dialects', '
Q: What are some of the local jargon used in Greek speaking?
A: wide variety of dialects of varying levels of mutual intelligibility, including Cypriot, Pontic, Cappadocian, Griko and Tsakonian', '
Q: What language still survives as the representation of the one of the three religious orders of historic Greece ?
A: Tsakonian (the only surviving representative of ancient Doric Greek)', '
Q: What ancient language is still in use today in some of the minuscule societies in the Grecian world ?
A: Yevanic is the language of the Romaniotes, and survives in small communities in Greece, New York and Israel.', '
Q: Do the people of Greek ascendancy only speak Grecian languages ?
A: bilingual in other languages or dialects such as English, Arvanitika/Albanian, Aromanian, Macedonian Slavic, Russian and Turkish.']
Most Greeks are Christians, belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church. During the first centuries after Jesus Christ, the New Testament was originally written in Koine Greek, which remains the liturgical language of the Greek Orthodox Church, and most of the early Christians and Church Fathers were Greek-speaking. There are small groups of ethnic Greeks adhering to other Christian denominations like Greek Catholics, Greek Evangelicals, Pentecostals, and groups adhering to other religions including Romaniot and Sephardic Jews and Greek Muslims. About 2,000 Greeks are members of Hellenic Polytheistic Reconstructionism congregations.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the religion of the Greek majority ?
A: Christians', '
Q: What denominational variance do they adhere to for the most part ?
A: belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church', '
Q: What language was the second half of the Bible originally written in ?
A: the New Testament was originally written in Koine Greek', '
Q: This language is the official dialect of worship for the traditional sect for church worshipers of Greece ?
A: Koine Greek, which remains the liturgical language of the Greek Orthodox Church', '
Q: What other varieties of Christianity can be found among the Grecian people ?
A: Catholics, Greek Evangelicals, Pentecostals, and groups adhering to other religions including Romaniot and Sephardic Jews and Greek Muslims.']
Greek art has a long and varied history. Greeks have contributed to the visual, literary and performing arts. In the West, ancient Greek art was influential in shaping the Roman and later the modern western artistic heritage. Following the Renaissance in Europe, the humanist aesthetic and the high technical standards of Greek art inspired generations of European artists. Well into the 19th century, the classical tradition derived from Greece played an important role in the art of the western world. In the East, Alexander the Great's conquests initiated several centuries of exchange between Greek, Central Asian and Indian cultures, resulting in Greco-Buddhist art, whose influence reached as far as Japan.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What input did the Greeks have on artistry of the world ?
A: visual, literary and performing arts.', '
Q: What period in Europe was full of an appreciation for earlier cultures ?
A: the Renaissance in Europe', '
Q: What important heritage of art  from Greece was celebrated during this time ?
A: the humanist aesthetic and the high technical standards of Greek art inspired generations of European artists.', "
Q: What enacted the transactions of customs and ways of life for the people of the Asian continent and the Grecian people ?
A: In the East, Alexander the Great's conquests initiated several centuries of exchange between Greek, Central Asian and Indian cultures", '
Q: In the Land of the Rising Sun, what influence was of Greek descent ?
A: Greco-Buddhist art, whose influence reached as far as Japan.']
Notable modern Greek artists include Renaissance painter Dominikos Theotokopoulos (El Greco), Panagiotis Doxaras, Nikolaos Gyzis, Nikiphoros Lytras, Yannis Tsarouchis, Nikos Engonopoulos, Constantine Andreou, Jannis Kounellis, sculptors such as Leonidas Drosis, Georgios Bonanos, Yannoulis Chalepas and Joannis Avramidis, conductor Dimitri Mitropoulos, soprano Maria Callas, composers such as Mikis Theodorakis, Nikos Skalkottas, Iannis Xenakis, Manos Hatzidakis, Eleni Karaindrou, Yanni and Vangelis, one of the best-selling singers worldwide Nana Mouskouri and poets such as Kostis Palamas, Dionysios Solomos, Angelos Sikelianos and Yannis Ritsos. Alexandrian Constantine P. Cavafy and Nobel laureates Giorgos Seferis and Odysseas Elytis are among the most important poets of the 20th century. Novel is also represented by Alexandros Papadiamantis and Nikos Kazantzakis.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was one of the old masters from the Greeks ?
A: Greek artists include Renaissance painter Dominikos Theotokopoulos (El Greco), Panagiotis Do', '
Q: Who sang in a voice that is in the high octave range from the Modern Greek Era ?
A: soprano Maria Callas', '
Q: Who was one the most well known modern decorative modelers of the Greeks ?
A: sculptors such as Leonidas Drosis, Georgios Bonanos, Yannoulis Chalepas and Joannis Avramidis', '
Q: Name one of the poetic authors who was also nominated for the Nobel Peace Award from the Greeks ?
A: Nobel laureates Giorgos Seferis and Odysseas Elytis are among the most important poets of the 20th century.']
The Greeks of the Classical era made several notable contributions to science and helped lay the foundations of several western scientific traditions, like philosophy, historiography and mathematics. The scholarly tradition of the Greek academies was maintained during Roman times with several academic institutions in Constantinople, Antioch, Alexandria and other centres of Greek learning while Eastern Roman science was essentially a continuation of classical science. Greeks have a long tradition of valuing and investing in paideia (education). Paideia was one of the highest societal values in the Greek and Hellenistic world while the first European institution described as a university was founded in 5th century Constantinople and operated in various incarnations until the city's fall to the Ottomans in 1453. The University of Constantinople was Christian Europe's first secular institution of higher learning since no theological subjects were taught, and considering the original meaning of the world university as a corporation of students, the world’s first university as well.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What contribution to the scientific community have the Greeks left the world ?
A: science and helped lay the foundations of several western scientific traditions, like philosophy, historiography and mathematics', '
Q: What school practices were kept by the Roman world after the fall of Greece ?
A: scholarly tradition of the Greek academies was maintained during Roman times with several academic institutions', '
Q: What has been maintained by the Greeks throughout their extended history ?
A: Greeks have a long tradition of valuing and investing in paideia (education', '
Q: What is one the most elevated values among the Grecian society ?
A: Paideia was one of the highest societal values in the Greek and Hellenistic world', '
Q: At what location did education begin for the first set of people to be eligible to earn and advanced degree in a particular subject ?
A: first European institution described as a university was founded in 5th century Constantinople and operated in various incarnations']
As of 2007, Greece had the eighth highest percentage of tertiary enrollment in the world (with the percentages for female students being higher than for male) while Greeks of the Diaspora are equally active in the field of education. Hundreds of thousands of Greek students attend western universities every year while the faculty lists of leading Western universities contain a striking number of Greek names. Notable modern Greek scientists of modern times include Dimitrios Galanos, Georgios Papanikolaou (inventor of the Pap test), Nicholas Negroponte, Constantin Carathéodory, Manolis Andronikos, Michael Dertouzos, John Argyris, Panagiotis Kondylis, John Iliopoulos (2007 Dirac Prize for his contributions on the physics of the charm quark, a major contribution to the birth of the Standard Model, the modern theory of Elementary Particles), Joseph Sifakis (2007 Turing Award, the "Nobel Prize" of Computer Science), Christos Papadimitriou (2002 Knuth Prize, 2012 Gödel Prize), Mihalis Yannakakis (2005 Knuth Prize) and Dimitri Nanopoulos.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: According to recent research who is enrolled in the Universities in Greece in higher number men or women ?
A: the percentages for female students being higher than for male', '
Q: Do those who from Greek descent desire an education from other parts of the world ?
A: Hundreds of thousands of Greek students attend western universities every year', '
Q: Are university  educators from he Greek world working as professors and teachers  in other countries ?
A: the faculty lists of leading Western universities contain a striking number of Greek names', '
Q: Who made significant addition to a charming little quirky  scientific deviant that lead to the winning of a prestigious award of recognition and gave birth to a model ?
A: John Iliopoulos (2007 Dirac Prize for his contributions on the physics of the charm quark, a major contribution to the birth of the Standard Model,']
The most widely used symbol is the flag of Greece, which features nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white representing the nine syllables of the Greek national motto Eleftheria i thanatos (freedom or death), which was the motto of the Greek War of Independence. The blue square in the upper hoist-side corner bears a white cross, which represents Greek Orthodoxy. The Greek flag is widely used by the Greek Cypriots, although Cyprus has officially adopted a neutral flag to ease ethnic tensions with the Turkish Cypriot minority – see flag of Cyprus).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are the representations of the Greek reference freedom or death that are held on a cloth symbol of the nation ?
A: flag of Greece, which features nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white', '
Q: This reference also holds significance as what the the Grecian people ?
A: motto of the Greek War of Independence', '
Q: Is religion also represented on this cloth symbol of the Greek?
A: bears a white cross, which represents Greek Orthodoxy', '
Q: Have the people of Turkey held any feeling towards the cloth symbol of the Greeks ?
A: ethnic tensions with the Turkish Cypriot minority', '
Q: Have the people of Greece done anything to make the matter more palatable for the people of Turkey ?
A: Cyprus has officially adopted a neutral flag']
Greek surnames were widely in use by the 9th century supplanting the ancient tradition of using the father’s name, however Greek surnames are most commonly patronymics. Commonly, Greek male surnames end in -s, which is the common ending for Greek masculine proper nouns in the nominative case. Exceptionally, some end in -ou, indicating the genitive case of this proper noun for patronymic reasons. Although surnames in mainland Greece are static today, dynamic and changing patronymic usage survives in middle names where the genitive of father's first name is commonly the middle name (this usage having been passed on to the Russians). In Cyprus, by contrast, surnames follow the ancient tradition of being given according to the father’s name. Finally, in addition to Greek-derived surnames many have Latin, Turkish and Italian origin.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What names are used that are typically from  a father and have usually added a suffix or prefix ?
A: Greek surnames are most commonly patronymics', '
Q: What letter of the alphabet do most of the last names the men of Greecs end with ?
A: Greek male surnames end in -s, which is the common ending', '
Q: What other beginnings of origination do some of the last names of the Greeks share ?
A: many have Latin, Turkish and Italian origin.', '
Q: What does it mean to have the letters OU added to the ending of a males last name ?
A: some end in -ou, indicating the genitive case of this proper noun for patronymic reasons.']
The traditional Greek homelands have been the Greek peninsula and the Aegean Sea, the Southern Italy (Magna Graecia), the Black Sea, the Ionian coasts of Asia Minor and the islands of Cyprus and Sicily. In Plato's Phaidon, Socrates remarks, "we (Greeks) live around a sea like frogs around a pond" when describing to his friends the Greek cities of the Aegean. This image is attested by the map of the Old Greek Diaspora, which corresponded to the Greek world until the creation of the Greek state in 1832. The sea and trade were natural outlets for Greeks since the Greek peninsula is rocky and does not offer good prospects for agriculture.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are considered to be the motherland of the Greeks ?
A: Greek peninsula and the Aegean Sea, the Southern Italy (Magna Graecia), the Black Sea, the Ionian coasts of Asia Minor and the islands of Cyprus and Sicily', '
Q: What statement of note was given by a great philosopher from Greece written by another great philosopher ?
A: Plato\'s Phaidon, Socrates remarks, "we (Greeks) live around a sea like frogs around a pond', '
Q: What is the name of the ancient map of the Greek world  named  ?
A: map of the Old Greek Diaspora', '
Q: When did changes of this ancient map become notable ?
A: corresponded to the Greek world until the creation of the Greek state in 183', '
Q: Are there many product available from farm cultivation on the Greek lands ?
A: Greek peninsula is rocky and does not offer good prospects for agriculture']
Notable Greek seafarers include people such as Pytheas of Marseilles, Scylax of Caryanda who sailed to Iberia and beyond, Nearchus, the 6th century merchant and later monk Cosmas Indicopleustes (Cosmas who sailed to India) and the explorer of the Northwestern passage Juan de Fuca. In later times, the Romioi plied the sea-lanes of the Mediterranean and controlled trade until an embargo imposed by the Roman Emperor on trade with the Caliphate opened the door for the later Italian pre-eminence in trade.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What else is this particular captain known for doing ? 
A: the explorer of the Northwestern passage Juan de Fuca', '
Q: Who was the well known sea vessel captain of the Greeks who sailed to Asia  ?
A: Cosmas Indicopleustes (Cosmas who sailed to India)', '
Q: What did Greeks do that caused a later deal to be made with the Italians ?
A: plied the sea-lanes of the Mediterranean and controlled trade', '
Q: Who proposed that change was needed in the way business with the Greeks was to be conducted  ? 
A: trade until an embargo imposed by the Roman Emperor on trade with the Caliphate']
The Greek shipping tradition recovered during Ottoman rule when a substantial merchant middle class developed, which played an important part in the Greek War of Independence. Today, Greek shipping continues to prosper to the extent that Greece has the largest merchant fleet in the world, while many more ships under Greek ownership fly flags of convenience. The most notable shipping magnate of the 20th century was Aristotle Onassis, others being Yiannis Latsis, George Livanos, and Stavros Niarchos.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was brought about by the Ottomans that caused and uplift in the classes of Greek society ?
A: Greek shipping tradition recovered during Ottoman rule when a substantial merchant middle class developed', '
Q: Is the seafaring business still of any relevancy to the Greek economy ?
A: Greek shipping continues to prosper to the extent that Greece has the largest merchant fleet in the world', '
Q: What did the development of these changes lead to for the Greeks under Ottoman rulers ?
A: Greek War of Independence', '
Q: What was the last husband of Jacquelyn Kennedy known for ? 
A: most notable shipping magnate of the 20th century was Aristotle Onassis']
Another study from 2012 included 150 dental school students from University of Athens, the result showed that light hair colour (blonde/light ash brown) was predominant in 10.7% of the students. 36% had medium hair colour (Light brown/Medium darkest brown). 32% had darkest brown and 21% black (15.3 off black, 6% midnight black). In conclusion the hair colour of young Greeks are mostly brown, ranging from light to dark brown. with significant minorities having black and blonde hair. The same study also showed that the eye colour of the students was 14.6% blue/green, 28% medium (light brown) and 57.4% dark brown.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What dominant hair color is to believed to be prevalent among Greeks 
A: conclusion the hair colour of young Greeks are mostly brown, ranging from light to dark brown', '
Q: Which colors lay outside of the nor for those of Greek descent ?
A: significant minorities having black and blonde hair', '
Q: What eye color shows the least presence among those of Greek heritage ?
A: 14.6% blue/green', '
Q: What eye color is believed to be the norm among Greeks ?
A: 57.4% dark brown']
The history of the Greek people is closely associated with the history of Greece, Cyprus, Constantinople, Asia Minor and the Black Sea. During the Ottoman rule of Greece, a number of Greek enclaves around the Mediterranean were cut off from the core, notably in Southern Italy, the Caucasus, Syria and Egypt. By the early 20th century, over half of the overall Greek-speaking population was settled in Asia Minor (now Turkey), while later that century a huge wave of migration to the United States, Australia, Canada and elsewhere created the modern Greek diaspora.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What location did many of the Greek people decide to live in other than Greece after the 19th century ?
A: Asia Minor (now Turkey)', "
Q: During what period of domination were many Greeks unable to interact with it's central location ?
A: Ottoman rule of Greece", '
Q: The anthology of the Greek world is intimately joined with what areas of the world ?
A: history of the Greek people is closely associated with the history of Greece, Cyprus, Constantinople, Asia Minor and the Black Sea.', '
Q: What has lead to the current situation of vast dispersion of the Greek people ?
A: a huge wave of migration to the United States, Australia, Canada and elsewhere created the modern Greek diaspora.', '
Q: After the 19th century about how much of the Greek population resided in little Asia ?
A: By the early 20th century, over half of the overall Greek-speaking population was settled in Asia Minor (now Turkey)']
Muslims believe the Quran was verbally revealed by God to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel (Jibril), gradually over a period of approximately 23 years, beginning on 22 December 609 CE, when Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632, the year of his death. Muslims regard the Quran as the most important miracle of Muhammad, a proof of his prophethood, and the culmination of a series of divine messages that started with the messages revealed to Adam and ended with Muhammad. The word "Quran" occurs some 70 times in the text of the Quran, although different names and words are also said to be references to the Quran.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which angel is believed to have communicated the Quran to Muhammad?
A: Gabriel', '
Q: On which date did Muhammad begin receiving the Quran?
A: 22 December 609 CE', '
Q: In which year CE did Muhammad die?
A: 632', '
Q: What is the Arabic variant of Gabriel?
A: Jibril', '
Q: How many times is the word "Quran" used in the Quran?
A: 70']
According to the traditional narrative, several companions of Muhammad served as scribes and were responsible for writing down the revelations. Shortly after Muhammad's death, the Quran was compiled by his companions who wrote down and memorized parts of it. These codices had differences that motivated the Caliph Uthman to establish a standard version now known as Uthman's codex, which is generally considered the archetype of the Quran known today. There are, however, variant readings, with mostly minor differences in meaning.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who first recorded Muhammad revelations?
A: companions of Muhammad', '
Q: Who first standardized the earliest versions of the Quran?
A: Caliph Uthman', "
Q: By what name is the first standardized version of the Quran known?
A: Uthman's codex"]
The Quran assumes familiarity with major narratives recounted in the Biblical scriptures. It summarizes some, dwells at length on others and, in some cases, presents alternative accounts and interpretations of events. The Quran describes itself as a book of guidance. It sometimes offers detailed accounts of specific historical events, and it often emphasizes the moral significance of an event over its narrative sequence. The Quran is used along with the hadith to interpret sharia law. During prayers, the Quran is recited only in Arabic.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In which language is the Quran spoken during prayer?
A: Arabic', '
Q: The Quran is used in the interpretation of which form of law?
A: sharia', '
Q: What accounts are form the basis of much of the accounts in the Quran?
A: Biblical scriptures', '
Q: Which religious text calls itself a book of guidance?
A: Quran']
The word qurʼān appears about 70 times in the Quran itself, assuming various meanings. It is a verbal noun (maṣdar) of the Arabic verb qaraʼa (قرأ), meaning "he read" or "he recited". The Syriac equivalent is (ܩܪܝܢܐ) qeryānā, which refers to "scripture reading" or "lesson". While some Western scholars consider the word to be derived from the Syriac, the majority of Muslim authorities hold the origin of the word is qaraʼa itself. Regardless, it had become an Arabic term by Muhammad's lifetime. An important meaning of the word is the "act of reciting", as reflected in an early Quranic passage: "It is for Us to collect it and to recite it (qurʼānahu)."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: From which Arabic verb might "Quran" be derived?
A: qaraʼa', '
Q: What Syriac word might be related to "Quran"?
A: qeryānā', '
Q: The words from which the name "Quran" might be described are related to which act?
A: reciting', "
Q: Which word do most Muslim scholars point to as the origin of the Quran's name?
A: qaraʼa"]
The term also has closely related synonyms that are employed throughout the Quran. Each synonym possesses its own distinct meaning, but its use may converge with that of qurʼān in certain contexts. Such terms include kitāb (book); āyah (sign); and sūrah (scripture). The latter two terms also denote units of revelation. In the large majority of contexts, usually with a definite article (al-), the word is referred to as the "revelation" (waḥy), that which has been "sent down" (tanzīl) at intervals. Other related words are: dhikr (remembrance), used to refer to the Quran in the sense of a reminder and warning, and ḥikmah (wisdom), sometimes referring to the revelation or part of it.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which term used in the Quran to indicate itself means "book"?
A: kitāb', '
Q: Which term does the Quran use to refer to itself as "scripture"?
A: sūrah', '
Q: What meaning does the Quran take when it calls itself hikmah?
A: wisdom', '
Q: What name does the Quran use for itself that means "revelation"?
A: waḥy']