romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
In September 1997, during the process of revision of racial categories previously declared by OMB directive no. 15, the American Anthropological Association (AAA) recommended that OMB combine the "race" and "ethnicity" categories into one question to appear as "race/ethnicity" for the 2000 US Census. The Interagency Committee agreed, stating that "race" and "ethnicity" were not sufficiently defined and "that many respondents conceptualize 'race' and 'ethnicity' as one in the same  [sic] underscor[ing] the need to consolidate these terms into one category, using a term that is more meaningful to the American people."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What organization recommended that race and ethnicity categories be combined into one question for the 2000 US census?
A: the American Anthropological Association', '
Q: In what year are or racial categories first revised for the 2000 U.S. Census?
A: 1997', '
Q: Prior to 1997, where were racial categories declared for the U.S. Census?
A: OMB directive no. 15', '
Q: How did racial categories appear in the US 2000 census?
A: race/ethnicity']
The racial categories represent a social-political construct for the race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country." OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the U.S. Census as not "scientific or anthropological" and takes into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference." The race categories include both racial and national-origin groups.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who defines the concept of race in the United States Census?
A: OMB', '
Q: What do the race categories in the US Census include in addition to race?
A: national-origin', '
Q: In addition to social and cultural characteristics, what else is taken into account for race classification in the US census?
A: ancestry']
Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with Hispanic or Latino origin asked as a separate question. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino". However, the practice of separating "race" and "ethnicity" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of U.S. Commission on Civil Rights.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many ethnic categories are there in the US census?
A: two', '
Q: In addition to Hispanic and Latino, what other ethnic category is included in the United States Census?
A: Not Hispanic or Latino', '
Q: What association criticized the separation of race and ethnicity in the UScensus?
A: the American Anthropological Association', '
Q: Members of what commission criticized the separation of race and ethnic city on the US Census?
A: U.S. Commission on Civil Rights', '
Q: In ethnic classification for the U.S. Census, What option do respondents have other than not Hispanic or Latino?
A: Hispanic or Latino']
President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a "good neighbor" policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935 a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent the decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What country did President Frankiln Roosevelt have a good neighbor policy for in hopes of a better relationship?
A: Mexico', '
Q: In what year did a federal judge say that three immigrants from Mexico were not eligible to be citizens because of their race?
A: 1935', '
Q: What US President wanted to treat Hispanic people as white by the federal government?
A: Roosevelt', '
Q: People of what descent were classified as white by the federal government at the suggestion of President Roosevelt?
A: Mexican', '
Q: In 1935, what race was a person required to be to become a United States citizen?
A: white']
In 1997, OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the Federal Government. The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws." Among the changes, OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of interracial children and wanting to capture the diversity in a measurable way and having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge their or their children's full ancestry rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the Census and other government data collections asked people to report only one race.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who decided on the standards for the classification of race and ethnicity and federal data?
A: OMB', '
Q: In what year did OMB revise the standards for race and ethnicity classifications?
A: 1997', '
Q: What did OMB hope to provide with their revision on race and ethnicity in 1997?
A: consistent data', '
Q: How many races were people asked to mark on the US Census after OMB revised their standards in 1997?
A: one or more', '
Q: How many races were people asked to report in the US census prior to 1997?
A: one']
The 1850 census saw a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. There were two questionnaires: one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on the free inhabitants schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person was white, marked "B" if a person was black, and marked "M" if a person was mulatto. Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a "B" if the slave was black and an "M" if mulatto.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year were free persons first listed individually in the US census?
A: 1850', '
Q: How were free persons listed in the US census prior to 1850?
A: by head of household', '
Q: In the 1850 US census, what was put into the color column for black persons?
A: B', '
Q: If M was marked in the color column for a person in the 1850 census, How were they classified?
A: mulatto', '
Q: How were slaves listed in the 1850 US census?
A: by owner']
Although used in the Census and the American Community Survey, "Some other race" is not an official race, and the Bureau considered eliminating it prior to the 2000 Census. As the 2010 census form did not contain the question titled "Ancestry" found in prior censuses, there were campaigns to get non-Hispanic West Indian Americans, Turkish Americans, Armenian Americans, Arab Americans and Iranian Americans to indicate their ethnic or national background through the race question, specifically the "Some other race" category.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What race selection did the census bureau consider getting rid of before the 2000 census?
A: Some other race', '
Q: In what year did the ancestery question stop appearing in the US census?
A: 2010', '
Q: There were campaigns to try to get minorities to use what race category into 2010 census?
A: Some other race', '
Q: In addition to the Census, where else is the "some other race" selection an option?
A: the American Community Survey']
"Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act; monitoring and enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act). Data on Ethnic Groups are also needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements (i.e., identifying segments of the population who may not be receiving medical services under the Public Health Act; evaluating whether financial institutions are meeting the credit needs of minority populations under the Community Reinvestment Act)."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What act has rules and regulations for bilingual election? 
A: the Voting Rights Act', '
Q: What act has rules and regulations for meeting the credit needs of minority populations?
A: the Community Reinvestment Act', '
Q: What act has laws about equal employment opportunities for ethnic groups?
A: the Civil Rights Act']
For 1890, the Census Office changed the design of the population questionnaire. Residents were still listed individually, but a new questionnaire sheet was used for each family. Additionally, this was the first year that the census distinguished between different East Asian races, such as Japanese and Chinese, due to increased immigration. This census also marked the beginning of the term "race" in the questionnaires. Enumerators were instructed to write "White," "Black," "Mulatto," "Quadroon," "Octoroon," "Chinese," "Japanese," or "Indian."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year was the term race first used in the U.S. Census?
A: 1890', '
Q: How often was a new questionnaire sheet used in the 1890 census?
A: for each family', '
Q: How were residents listed in the census in 1890?
A: individually', '
Q: Why were different East Asian races divided in 1890 Census?
A: increased immigration']
The federal government of the United States has mandated that "in data collection and presentation, federal agencies are required to use a minimum of two ethnicities: 'Hispanic or Latino' and 'Not Hispanic or Latino'." The Census Bureau defines "Hispanic or Latino" as "a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race." For discussion of the meaning and scope of the Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, see the Hispanic and Latino Americans and Racial and ethnic demographics of the United States articles.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many ethnicities or federal agencies required to use in data collection?
A: a minimum of two', '
Q: How would a person of Cuban origin be listed by the US Census Bureau?
A: Hispanic or Latino', '
Q: Aside from Hispanic or Latino, what other ethnicity are federal agencies required to use?
A: Not Hispanic or Latino', '
Q: In which ethnic category would a person of Mexican origin be listed by the US Census Bureau?
A: Hispanic or Latino', '
Q: In what ethnic category would a person from Puerto Rico to be listed in the United States Census?
A: Hispanic or Latino']
Unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U.S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. In addition to the dollar the coinage act officially established monetary units of mill or one-thousandth of a dollar (symbol ₥), cent or one-hundredth of a dollar (symbol ¢), dime or one-tenth of a dollar, and eagle or ten dollars, with prescribed weights and composition of gold, silver, or copper for each. It was proposed in the mid-1800s that one hundred dollars be known as a union, but no union coins were ever struck and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; "dime" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10¢, while "eagle" and "mill" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies, and gasoline prices are usually in the form of $X.XX9 per gallon, e.g., $3.599, sometimes written as $3.599⁄10. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. In the past, "paper money" was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the "double eagle", discontinued in the 1930s). The term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. Paper currency less than one dollar in denomination, known as "fractional currency", was also sometimes pejoratively referred to as "shinplasters". In 1854, James Guthrie, then Secretary of the Treasury, proposed creating $100, $50 and $25 gold coins, which were referred to as a "Union", "Half Union", and "Quarter Union", thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the US dollar based upon?
A: a decimal system of values', '
Q: How much monetary value does a dime hold?
A: one-tenth of a dollar', '
Q: How much was a union going to be worth as proposed in the 1800s?
A: one hundred dollars', '
Q: What was the maximum value a gold coin used to be able to have?
A: $20', '
Q: In what legislation was the term "eagle" used?
A: Coinage Act of 1792']
The symbol $, usually written before the numerical amount, is used for the U.S. dollar (as well as for many other currencies). The sign was the result of a late 18th-century evolution of the scribal abbreviation "ps" for the peso, the common name for the Spanish dollars that were in wide circulation in the New World from the 16th to the 19th centuries. These Spanish pesos or dollars were minted in Spanish America, namely in Mexico City, Potosí, Bolivia; and Lima, Peru. The p and the s eventually came to be written over each other giving rise to $.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which symbol is used to represent the dollar?
A: $', '
Q: What abbreviation was the dollar sign based off of?
A: ps', '
Q: What was the common name for the Spanish dollar?
A: peso', '
Q: Which century signalled the end of the Spanish dollar?
A: 19th', '
Q: In which region of the world were the Spanish pesos minted?
A: Spanish America']
Though still predominantly green, post-2004 series incorporate other colors to better distinguish different denominations. As a result of a 2008 decision in an accessibility lawsuit filed by the American Council of the Blind, the Bureau of Engraving and Printing is planning to implement a raised tactile feature in the next redesign of each note, except the $1 and the version of the $100 bill already in process. It also plans larger, higher-contrast numerals, more color differences, and distribution of currency readers to assist the visually impaired during the transition period.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What color was predominantly used?
A: green', '
Q: Which organization filed an accessibility lawsuit?
A: American Council of the Blind', '
Q: Other than the $100 bill, which other note is not going to be redesigned?
A: $1', '
Q: Who are currency readers meant to assist?
A: visually impaired', '
Q: The redesign of notes is being planned by which organization?
A: Bureau of Engraving and Printing']
The Constitution of the United States of America provides that the United States Congress has the power "To coin money". Laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U.S.C. § 5112. Section 5112 prescribes the forms, in which the United States dollars should be issued. These coins are both designated in Section 5112 as "legal tender" in payment of debts. The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar. The pure silver dollar is known as the American Silver Eagle. Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins, which have values ranging from one cent to 50 dollars. These other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who has the power "to coin money"?
A: United States Congress', '
Q: Which section indicates the methods in which the dollar should be issued?
A: 5112', '
Q: Coins are considered legal tender for which kind of transaction?
A: payment of debts', '
Q: What is an example of a copper alloy dollar?
A: Sacagawea dollar', '
Q: What is the pure silver dollar referred to as?
A: American Silver Eagle']
In the 16th century, Count Hieronymus Schlick of Bohemia began minting coins known as Joachimstalers (from German thal, or nowadays usually Tal, "valley", cognate with "dale" in English), named for Joachimstal, the valley where the silver was mined (St. Joachim's Valley, now Jáchymov; then part of the Kingdom of Bohemia, now part of the Czech Republic). Joachimstaler was later shortened to the German Taler, a word that eventually found its way into Danish and Swedish as daler, Norwegian as dalar and daler, Dutch as daler or daalder, Ethiopian as ታላሪ (talari), Hungarian as tallér, Italian as tallero, and English as dollar. Alternatively, thaler is said to come from the German coin Guldengroschen ("great guilder", being of silver but equal in value to a gold guilder), minted from the silver from Joachimsthal.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who began minting the coins known as Joachimstalers?
A: Count Hieronymus Schlick of Bohemia', "
Q: What is the modern name for St. Joachim's Valley?
A: Jáchymov", '
Q: What were the Joachimstalers composed of?
A: silver', '
Q: How did the word "taler" translate into Italian?
A: tallero', '
Q: Other than "taler", what is the other name of the German coin?
A: Guldengroschen']
The early currency of the United States did not exhibit faces of presidents, as is the custom now; although today, by law, only the portrait of a deceased individual may appear on United States currency. In fact, the newly formed government was against having portraits of leaders on the currency, a practice compared to the policies of European monarchs. The currency as we know it today did not get the faces they currently have until after the early 20th century; before that "heads" side of coinage used profile faces and striding, seated, and standing figures from Greek and Roman mythology and composite Native Americans. The last coins to be converted to profiles of historic Americans were the dime (1946) and the Dollar (1971).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What condition does a person have to meet to  be allowed by law on a coin?
A: deceased', "
Q: Having portraits of leaders on coins was compared to who's policies?
A: European monarchs", '
Q: When did modern day currency start getting the faces that they have?
A: 20th century', '
Q: Other than Greek and Roman mythology, who else was featured on the "heads" side of past coins?
A: composite Native Americans', '
Q: What was the last coin to be converted to the modern day style of having historic Americans on the face?
A: Dollar']
In 1862, paper money was issued without the backing of precious metals, due to the Civil War. Silver and gold coins continued to be issued and in 1878 the link between paper money and coins was reinstated. This disconnection from gold and silver backing also occurred during the War of 1812. The use of paper money not backed by precious metals had also occurred under the Articles of Confederation from 1777 to 1788. With no solid backing and being easily counterfeited, the continentals quickly lost their value, giving rise to the phrase "not worth a continental". This was a primary reason for the "No state shall... make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts" clause in article 1, section 10 of the United States Constitution.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which year was it when paper money was first issued without the backing of precious metals?
A: 1777', '
Q: What was the first war that caused paper money to be issued?
A: Civil War', '
Q: Which other war also caused a disconnect between paper money and precious metals?
A: War of 1812', '
Q: The quick loss in value of paper money resulted in which phrase being hear?
A: "not worth a continental"', '
Q: The loss in value resulted in a clause being written in which article in the US Constitution?
A: article 1']
In February 2007, the U.S. Mint, under the Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005, introduced a new $1 U.S. Presidential dollar coin. Based on the success of the "50 State Quarters" series, the new coin features a sequence of presidents in order of their inaugurations, starting with George Washington, on the obverse side. The reverse side features the Statue of Liberty. To allow for larger, more detailed portraits, the traditional inscriptions of "E Pluribus Unum", "In God We Trust", the year of minting or issuance, and the mint mark will be inscribed on the edge of the coin instead of the face. This feature, similar to the edge inscriptions seen on the British £1 coin, is not usually associated with U.S. coin designs. The inscription "Liberty" has been eliminated, with the Statue of Liberty serving as a sufficient replacement. In addition, due to the nature of U.S. coins, this will be the first time there will be circulating U.S. coins of different denominations with the same president featured on the obverse (heads) side (Lincoln/penny, Jefferson/nickel, Franklin D. Roosevelt/dime, Washington/quarter, Kennedy/half dollar, and Eisenhower/dollar). Another unusual fact about the new $1 coin is Grover Cleveland will have two coins with his portrait issued due to the fact he was the only U.S. President to be elected to two non-consecutive terms.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In which year was the new $1 US Presidential coin introduced?
A: 2007', '
Q: What does the reverse side of the new coins feature?
A: Statue of Liberty', '
Q: What is the official version of "In God We Trust" printed on the coins? 
A: E Pluribus Unum', '
Q: Which inscription was eliminated due to the Statue of Liberty being added to the coin?
A: "Liberty"', '
Q: Which President will have two coins with his portrait on it?
A: Grover Cleveland']
When the Federal Reserve makes a purchase, it credits the seller's reserve account (with the Federal Reserve). This money is not transferred from any existing funds—it is at this point that the Federal Reserve has created new high-powered money. Commercial banks can freely withdraw in cash any excess reserves from their reserve account at the Federal Reserve. To fulfill those requests, the Federal Reserve places an order for printed money from the U.S. Treasury Department. The Treasury Department in turn sends these requests to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (to print new dollar bills) and the Bureau of the Mint (to stamp the coins).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who can create "new high-powered money"?
A: Federal Reserve', '
Q: Who does the Federal Reserve have to place an order with for printed money?
A: U.S. Treasury Department', '
Q: Which organization stamps coins?
A: Bureau of the Mint', '
Q: Which Bureau prints new dollars?
A: Engraving and Printing', '
Q: Who can freely withdraw from  their reserve accounts at the Federal Reserve?
A: Commercial banks']