romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
After Christianization, the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers led German expansion and settlement in areas inhabited by Slavs and Balts, known as Ostsiedlung. During the wars waged in the Baltic by the Catholic German Teutonic Knights; the lands inhabited by the ethnic group of the Old Prussians (the current reference to the people known then simply as the "Prussians"), were conquered by the Germans. The Old Prussians were an ethnic group related to the Latvian and Lithuanian Baltic peoples. The former German state of Prussia took its name from the Baltic Prussians, although it was led by Germans who had assimilated the Old Prussians; the old Prussian language was extinct by the 17th or early 18th century. The Slavic people of the Teutonic-controlled Baltic were assimilated into German culture and eventually there were many intermarriages of Slavic and German families, including amongst the Prussia's aristocracy known as the Junkers. Prussian military strategist Karl von Clausewitz is a famous German whose surname is of Slavic origin. Massive German settlement led to the assimilation of Baltic (Old Prussians) and Slavic (Wends) populations, who were exhausted by previous warfare.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: The Expansion of Germany  by the Catholic Church into the areas of the Slavs and balts is know as what?
A: Ostsiedlung', '
Q: What was the name of the group that waged war in the Baltic?
A: Catholic German Teutonic Knights', '
Q: Who was the Old Prussians ethnic group related to?
A: Latvian and Lithuanian Baltic peoples', '
Q: Although conquered the Persian language lived on till when?
A: 17th or early 18th century', '
Q: Who is a famous German that  name has Slavic origins?
A: Karl von Clausewitz', '
Q: When was the Prussian language extinct?
A: 17th or early 18th century', '
Q: What happened to the Slavic people of the Baltic?
A: were assimilated into German culture', '
Q: Who led the German expansion?
A: the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers', '
Q: What famous German military strategist has a name with Slavic origin?
A: Karl von Clausewitz', '
Q: What let to the assimilation of Baltic and Slavic populations?
A: Massive German settlement']
At the same time, naval innovations led to a German domination of trade in the Baltic Sea and parts of Eastern Europe through the Hanseatic League. Along the trade routes, Hanseatic trade stations became centers of the German culture. German town law (Stadtrecht) was promoted by the presence of large, relatively wealthy German populations, their influence and political power. Thus people who would be considered "Germans", with a common culture, language, and worldview different from that of the surrounding rural peoples, colonized trading towns as far north of present-day Germany as Bergen (in Norway), Stockholm (in Sweden), and Vyborg (now in Russia). The Hanseatic League was not exclusively German in any ethnic sense: many towns who joined the league were outside the Holy Roman Empire and a number of them may only loosely be characterized as German. The Empire itself was not entirely German either. It had a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual structure, some of the smaller ethnicities and languages used at different times were Dutch, Italian, French, Czech and Polish.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: German's domination of trade in the Eastern Europe was credited to what?
A: naval innovations", '
Q: Because of the increased trade what places became the hubs of German culture?
A: Hanseatic trade stations', '
Q: What was promoted due to wealth and power of the German families?
A: Stadtrecht', '
Q: the holy roman empire due to its many different conquests was seen as what type of society?
A: multi-ethnic and multi-lingual', '
Q: What helped the Germans dominate trade?
A: naval innovations', '
Q: What is the German work for German town law?
A: Stadtrecht', '
Q: Was the Hanseatic league exclusively German?
A: The Hanseatic League was not exclusively German', '
Q: What other ethnicities, besides German were part of The Empire?
A: Dutch, Italian, French, Czech and Polish']
By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language. Upon assimilating into German culture, the Jewish German peoples incorporated major parts of the German language and elements of other European languages into a mixed language known as Yiddish. However tolerance and assimilation of Jews in German society suddenly ended during the Crusades with many Jews being forcefully expelled from Germany and Western Yiddish disappeared as a language in Germany over the centuries, with German Jewish people fully adopting the German language.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: By what time period had many of the Jewish  population joined the Holy Roman Empire?
A: Middle Ages', '
Q: The Jewish populations upon migrating into the German society mingled languages to form what new language? 
A: Yiddish', '
Q: What cause the tolerance and mixing  into German Society to end for the Jews?
A: Crusades', '
Q: What language did many of the Jews speak after the crusades? 
A: German', '
Q: What language did the Jews speak prior to assimilating into German culture?
A: Judeo-French', '
Q: After assimilating to German culture, what language did the Jews adopt?
A: Yiddish.', '
Q: When did Jewish assimilation end?
A: during the Crusades', '
Q: What happened to the Jews during the crusades?
A: forcefully expelled from Germany']
The Napoleonic Wars were the cause of the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, and ultimately the cause for the quest for a German nation state in 19th-century German nationalism. After the Congress of Vienna, Austria and Prussia emerged as two competitors. Austria, trying to remain the dominant power in Central Europe, led the way in the terms of the Congress of Vienna. The Congress of Vienna was essentially conservative, assuring that little would change in Europe and preventing Germany from uniting. These terms came to a sudden halt following the Revolutions of 1848 and the Crimean War in 1856, paving the way for German unification in the 1860s. By the 1820s, large numbers of Jewish German women had intermarried with Christian German men and had converted to Christianity. Jewish German Eduard Lasker was a prominent German nationalist figure who promoted the unification of Germany in the mid-19th century.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was one of the main factors that caused the dissolve of the Holy Roman Empire?
A: Napoleonic Wars', '
Q: What assured  Europe would remain the same preventing Germany from becoming one country?
A: Congress of Vienna', '
Q: When was the Crimean War?
A: 1856', "
Q: When was Germany's unification? 
A: 1860s", '
Q: What prominent Jewish German  sought German unification in the mid 19th century?
A: Eduard Lasker', '
Q: What was the cause of the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire?
A: The Napoleonic Wars', '
Q: What two countries emerged as competitors after the Congress of Vienna?
A: Austria and Prussia', '
Q: Who led the way for the Congress of Vienna?
A: Austria', '
Q: In what decade was German unification?
A: 1860s', '
Q: Who was Eduard Lasker?
A: a prominent German nationalist figure who promoted the unification of Germany in the mid-19th century']
In 1866, the feud between Austria and Prussia finally came to a head. There were several reasons behind this war. As German nationalism grew strongly inside the German Confederation and neither could decide on how Germany was going to be unified into a nation-state. The Austrians favoured the Greater Germany unification but were not willing to give up any of the non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire and take second place to Prussia. The Prussians however wanted to unify Germany as Little Germany primarily by the Kingdom of Prussia, whilst excluding Austria. In the final battle of the German war (Battle of Königgrätz) the Prussians successfully defeated the Austrians and succeeded in creating the North German Confederation.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did the strife between Austria and Prussia erupt?
A: 1866', '
Q: in What conflict of the German war did the Prussians successfully create the North German Confederation?
A: (Battle of Königgrätz', '
Q: What was Germany going to be called if Prussian won?
A: Little Germany', '
Q: What was Austria not willing to give up to settle the conflict?
A: non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire', '
Q: When did Austria and Prussia go to war?
A: 1866', '
Q: Who won the battle of Koniggratz?
A: Prussia', '
Q: What did the Prussians want Germany to unify under?
A: Little Germany', '
Q: What was created when the Prussians defeated Austria??
A: North German Confederation']
In 1870, after France attacked Prussia, Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany (among them Bavaria) were victorious in the Franco-Prussian War. It created the German Empire in 1871 as a German nation-state, effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein. Integrating the Austrians nevertheless remained a strong desire for many people of Germany and Austria, especially among the liberals, the social democrats and also the Catholics who were a minority within the Protestant Germany.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did France attack Prussia? 
A: 1870', '
Q: Who won the Franco-Prussian War?
A: Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany', '
Q: When was the German Empire founded?
A: 1871', '
Q: What regions was excluded from the German Empire?
A: effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy', '
Q: What was the primary religion of Germany?
A: Protestant', '
Q: When was the German empire created?
A: 1871', '
Q: Who was excluded from the German Nation State?
A: Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein', '
Q: What religion was a majority in Germany?
A: Protestant', '
Q: What did many people in Germany still want to do?
A: Integrating the Austrians']
The Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, attempted to unite all the people they claimed were "Germans" (Volksdeutsche) into one realm, including ethnic Germans in eastern Europe, many of whom had emigrated more than one hundred fifty years before and developed separate cultures in their new lands. This idea was initially welcomed by many ethnic Germans in Sudetenland, Austria, Poland, Danzig and western Lithuania, particularly the Germans from Klaipeda (Memel). The Swiss resisted the idea. They had viewed themselves as a distinctly separate nation since the Peace of Westphalia of 1648.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What leader tried to unite all people considered themselves "German"
A: Adolf Hitler', '
Q: Who resisted the uniting of people under Hitler?
A: The Swiss', '
Q: The Swiss has viewed themselves as their own country since what year?
A: 1648', '
Q: Who welcomed the idea in area such as Sudetenland and Poland?
A: ethnic Germans', '
Q: Who headed the Nazis?
A: Adolf Hitler', '
Q: Who resisted the Nazi idea of uniting all Germans from the get go?
A: The Swiss', '
Q: Since when had the Swiss viewed themselves as a different nation?
A: 1648', '
Q: When was the Peace of Westphalia?
A: 1648', '
Q: Who wanted to unite all of the Germans all over the area?
A: The Nazis']
After World War II, eastern European countries such as the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia expelled the Germans from their territories. Many of those had inhabited these lands for centuries, developing a unique culture. Germans were also forced to leave the former eastern territories of Germany, which were annexed by Poland (Silesia, Pomerania, parts of Brandenburg and southern part of East Prussia) and the Soviet Union (northern part of East Prussia). Between 12 and 16,5 million ethnic Germans and German citizens were expelled westwards to allied-occupied Germany.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: With the conclusion of World War 2 what did most Eastern Europe countries do with their German citizens?
A: expelled the Germans', '
Q: How long did many of the Germans live in the eastern Europe countries before being expelled? 
A: for centuries', '
Q: Approximately how many Germans were expelled from their home after world war II?
A: 12 and 16,5 million ethnic Germans and German citizens', '
Q: After World War II where were Germans forced to relocate to?
A: westwards to allied-occupied Germany', '
Q: How many Germans were expelled after WWII?
A: Between 12 and 16,5 million', '
Q: After what war were Germans expelled from their territories? 
A: World War II', '
Q: Where were Germans that were inhabiting other lands expelled to?
A: allied-occupied Germany']
The event of the Protestant Reformation and the politics that ensued has been cited as the origins of German identity that arose in response to the spread of a common German language and literature. Early German national culture was developed through literary and religious figures including Martin Luther, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller. The concept of a German nation was developed by German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder. The popularity of German identity arose in the aftermath of the French Revolution.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is credited with the origins of the German identity?
A: Protestant Reformation', '
Q: How was early German culture developed?
A: literary and religious figures', '
Q: What man is credited with the emergence of the German nation?
A: Johann Gottfried Herder', '
Q: When did the popularity of the German nation increase?
A: aftermath of the French Revolution', '
Q: What is credited with creating the Origins of a German identity?
A: Protestant Reformation', '
Q: Who developed the concept of a German Nation?
A: Johann Gottfried Herder', '
Q: When did the popularity of a German identity arise?
A: in the aftermath of the French Revolution', '
Q: Who was Johann Herder?
A: German philosopher']
Persons who speak German as their first language, look German and whose families have lived in Germany for generations are considered "most German", followed by categories of diminishing Germanness such as Aussiedler (people of German ancestry whose families have lived in Eastern Europe but who have returned to Germany), Restdeutsche (people living in lands that have historically belonged to Germany but which is currently outside of Germany), Auswanderer (people whose families have emigrated from Germany and who still speak German), German speakers in German-speaking nations such as Austrians, and finally people of German emigrant background who no longer speak German.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Residence that speak German as their mother tongue and  families have been in place for generations are often consider?
A: most German', '
Q: What is the name given to Germans who family left but came back to the lands?
A: Aussiedler', '
Q: What is the name of  gven to the population that lives outside of current Germany boundary but still within historic Germany?
A: Restdeutsche', '
Q: What are refugees from Germany that still speak German referred to?
A: Auswanderer', '
Q: People who have generations of family in Germany, and look and speak German are classified as what?
A: most German', '
Q: Who are people of German ancestry but have lived in other parts of Europe, then returned to Germany?
A: Aussiedler', '
Q: What are people who have ancestral roots in Germany, but now live outside of Germany called?
A: Restdeutsche', '
Q: What are people called who have left Germany but still speak German?
A: Auswanderer']
The native language of Germans is German, a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch, and sharing many similarities with the North Germanic and Scandinavian languages. Spoken by approximately 100 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and the most widely spoken first language in the European Union. German has been replaced by English as the dominant language of science-related Nobel Prize laureates during the second half of the 20th century. It was a lingua franca in the Holy Roman Empire.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the native language of Germans?
A: German', '
Q: What languages is German related to?
A: English and Dutch', '
Q: How many natives speak German?
A: 100 million', '
Q: What is the most commonly spoken language in the European Union?
A: German', '
Q: What is the dominant language of science?
A: English']
People of German origin are found in various places around the globe. United States is home to approximately 50 million German Americans or one third of the German diaspora, making it the largest centre of German-descended people outside Germany. Brazil is the second largest with 5 million people claiming German ancestry. Other significant centres are Canada, Argentina, South Africa and France each accounting for at least 1 million. While the exact number of German-descended people is difficult to calculate, the available data makes it safe to claim the number is exceeding 100 million people.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many German Americans are there?
A: 50 million', '
Q: How many Germans live in Brazil?
A: 5 million', '
Q: How many people in the world have German heritage?
A: 100 million', '
Q: America is home to what percentage of German decedent people?
A: one third']
German philosophers have helped shape western philosophy from as early as the Middle Ages (Albertus Magnus). Later, Leibniz (17th century) and most importantly Kant played central roles in the history of philosophy. Kantianism inspired the work of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche as well as German idealism defended by Fichte and Hegel. Engels helped develop communist theory in the second half of the 19th century while Heidegger and Gadamer pursued the tradition of German philosophy in the 20th century. A number of German intellectuals were also influential in sociology, most notably Adorno, Habermas, Horkheimer, Luhmann, Simmel, Tönnies, and Weber. The University of Berlin founded in 1810 by linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt served as an influential model for a number of modern western universities.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who is a German philosopher from the middle ages?
A: Albertus Magnus', '
Q: When was Leibniz an active philosopher?
A: 17th century', '
Q: What German philosopher inspired Schopenhauer and Nietzsche?
A: Kant', '
Q: In the late 19th century, which German philosopher helped develop the idea of communism?
A: Engels', '
Q: When was the University of Berlin founded?
A: 1810']
The work of David Hilbert and Max Planck was crucial to the foundation of modern physics, which Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger developed further. They were preceded by such key physicists as Hermann von Helmholtz, Joseph von Fraunhofer, and Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, among others. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays, an accomplishment that made him the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. The Walhalla temple for "laudable and distinguished Germans", features a number of scientists, and is located east of Regensburg, in Bavaria.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who discovered X-Rays?
A: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen', '
Q: Who won the first Nobel Prize in Physics?
A: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen', '
Q: In what year, was the first Nobel Prize in Physics won?
A: 1901', '
Q: Where is the Walhalla temple located?
A: Bavaria', '
Q: What two people were important to the creation of modern physics?
A: David Hilbert and Max Planck']
In the field of music, Germany claims some of the most renowned classical composers of the world including Bach, Mozart and Beethoven, who marked the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music. Other composers of the Austro-German tradition who achieved international fame include Brahms, Wagner, Haydn, Schubert, Händel, Schumann, Liszt, Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Johann Strauss II, Bruckner, Mahler, Telemann, Richard Strauss, Schoenberg, Orff, and most recently, Henze, Lachenmann, and Stockhausen.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: From which country is Bach, Mozart and Beethoven from?
A: Germany', '
Q: In what tradition of music did Brahms Wagner and Hadyn achieve fame?
A: Austro-German', '
Q: Who marked the switch from classical to romantic eras in classical music?
A: Beethoven']
As of 2008[update], Germany is the fourth largest music market in the world and has exerted a strong influence on Dance and Rock music, and pioneered trance music. Artists such as Herbert Grönemeyer, Scorpions, Rammstein, Nena, Dieter Bohlen, Tokio Hotel and Modern Talking have enjoyed international fame. German musicians and, particularly, the pioneering bands Tangerine Dream and Kraftwerk have also contributed to the development of electronic music. Germany hosts many large rock music festivals annually. The Rock am Ring festival is the largest music festival in Germany, and among the largest in the world. German artists also make up a large percentage of Industrial music acts, which is called Neue Deutsche Härte. Germany hosts some of the largest Goth scenes and festivals in the entire world, with events like Wave-Gothic-Treffen and M'era Luna Festival easily attracting up to 30,000 people. Amongst Germany's famous artists there are various Dutch entertainers, such as Johannes Heesters.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In 2008,, where was Germany ranked as a world music market?
A: fourth largest', '
Q: What type of music was pioneered in Germany?
A: trance', '
Q: What type of music does Kraftwerk make?
A: electronic', '
Q: What is the largest music festival in Germany?
A: Rock am Ring', "
Q: How many people does M'era Luna Festival attract?
A: up to 30,000"]
German cinema dates back to the very early years of the medium with the work of Max Skladanowsky. It was particularly influential during the years of the Weimar Republic with German expressionists such as Robert Wiene and Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau. The Nazi era produced mostly propaganda films although the work of Leni Riefenstahl still introduced new aesthetics in film. From the 1960s, New German Cinema directors such as Volker Schlöndorff, Werner Herzog, Wim Wenders, Rainer Werner Fassbinder placed West-German cinema back onto the international stage with their often provocative films, while the Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft controlled film production in the GDR.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was the original German cinematic?
A: Max Skladanowsky', '
Q: What types of film were produced in the Nazi era?
A: propaganda', '
Q: Who controls film production in the GDR?
A: Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft', '
Q: When did German cinema come back internationally?
A: 1960s']
More recently, films such as Das Boot (1981), The Never Ending Story (1984) Run Lola Run (1998), Das Experiment (2001), Good Bye Lenin! (2003), Gegen die Wand (Head-on) (2004) and Der Untergang (Downfall) (2004) have enjoyed international success. In 2002 the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film went to Caroline Link's Nowhere in Africa, in 2007 to Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck's The Lives of Others. The Berlin International Film Festival, held yearly since 1951, is one of the world's foremost film and cinema festivals.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year was the never ending story made?
A: 1984', '
Q: What award did Nowhere in Africa win in 2002?
A: Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film', '
Q: In what year did The Lives of Others win the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language?
A: 2007', '
Q: How often is the Berlin International Film Festival held?
A: yearly', '
Q: What was the first year of the Berlin International Film Festival?
A: 1951']