romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
In the late 12th-century, a school of polyphony was established at the Notre-Dame. A group of Parisian aristocrats, known as Trouvères, became known for their poetry and songs. Troubadors were also popular. During the reign of Francois I, the lute became popular in the French court, and a national musical printing house was established. During the Renaissance era, the French Boleroroyals "disported themselves in masques, ballets, allegorical dances, recitals, and opera and comedy". Baroque-era composers include Jean-Baptiste Lully, Jean-Philippe Rameau, and François Couperin and were popular. The Conservatoire de Musique de Paris was founded in 1795. By 1870, Paris had become an important centre for symphony, ballet and operatic music. Romantic-era composers (in Paris) include Hector Berlioz (La Symphonie fantastique), Charles Gounod (Faust), Camille Saint-Saëns (Samson et Delilah), Léo Delibes (Lakmé) and Jules Massenet (Thaïs), among others. Georges Bizet's Carmen premiered 3 March 1875. Carmen has since become one of the most popular and frequently-performed operas in the classical canon; Impressionist composers Claude Debussy ((La Mer) and Maurice Ravel (Boléro) also made significant contributions to piano (Clair de lune, Miroirs), orchestra, opera (Palléas et Mélisande), and other musical forms. Foreign-born composers have made their homes in Paris and have made significant contributions both with their works and their influence. They include Frédéric Chopin (Poland), Franz Liszt (Hungary), Jacques Offenbach (Germany), and Igor Stravinsky (Russia).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: in what century was a school of polyphony established at Notre Dame?
A: 12th', '
Q: In what year was the Conservatoire de Musique de Paris founded?
A: 1795', '
Q: Under whos reign did the lute become popular?
A: Francois I', "
Q: Who wrote Carmen?
A: Georges Bizet's", '
Q: Where was Frederic Chopin from?
A: Poland']
Bal-musette is a style of French music and dance that first became popular in Paris in the 1870s and 1880s; by 1880 Paris had some 150 dance halls in the working-class neighbourhoods of the city. Patrons danced the bourrée to the accompaniment of the cabrette (a bellows-blown bagpipe locally called a "musette") and often the vielle à roue (hurdy-gurdy) in the cafés and bars of the city. Parisian and Italian musicians who played the accordion adopted the style and established themselves in Auvergnat bars especially in the 19th arrondissement, and the romantic sounds of the accordion has since become one of the musical icons of the city. Paris became a major centre for jazz and still attracts jazz musicians from all around the world to its clubs and cafés.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What style of french music became populars in the 1870sto 1880s?
A: Bal-musette', '
Q: in 1880, how many dance halls were in Paris?
A: 150', '
Q: What is a cabrette known as locally?
A: musette', '
Q: What type of bars were accordions often played in?
A: Auvergnat']
Immediately after the War The Saint-Germain-des-Pres quarter and the nearby Saint-Michel quarter became home to many small jazz clubs, mostly found in cellars because of a lack of space; these included the Caveau des Lorientais, the Club Saint-Germain, the Rose Rouge, the Vieux-Colombier, and the most famous, Le Tabou. They introduced Parisians to the music of Claude Luter, Boris Vian, Sydney Bechet Mezz Mezzrow, and Henri Salvador. Most of the clubs closed by the early 1960s, as musical tastes shifted toward rock and roll.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did most of the jazz clubs close down?
A: 1960s', '
Q: Why did the jazz clubs close down?
A: musical tastes shifted toward rock and roll', '
Q: Where were most jazz clubs located?
A: cellars']
The movie industry was born in Paris when Auguste and Louis Lumière projected the first motion picture for a paying audience at the Grand Café on 28 December 1895. Many of Paris' concert/dance halls were transformed into movie theatres when the media became popular beginning in the 1930s. Later, most of the largest cinemas were divided into multiple, smaller rooms. Paris' largest cinema room today is in Le Grand Rex theatre with 2,700 seats.
Big multiplex movie theaters have been built since the 1990s. UGC Ciné Cité Les Halles with 27 screens, MK2 Bibliothèque with 20 screens and UGC Ciné Cité Bercy with 18 screens are among the largest.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where was the first movie projected for a paying audience in Paris?
A: Grand Café', '
Q: What date was the first movie played in Paris for a paying crowd?
A: 28 December 1895', '
Q: In what decade did movie theaters become popular?
A: 1930s', '
Q: What is the largest cinema room today in Paris?
A: Le Grand Rex']
Parisians tend to share the same movie-going trends as many of the world's global cities, with cinemas primarily dominated by Hollywood-generated film entertainment. French cinema comes a close second, with major directors (réalisateurs) such as Claude Lelouch, Jean-Luc Godard, and Luc Besson, and the more slapstick/popular genre with director Claude Zidi as an example. European and Asian films are also widely shown and appreciated. On 2 February 2000, Philippe Binant realised the first digital cinema projection in Europe, with the DLP CINEMA technology developed by Texas Instruments, in Paris.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who realied the first digital cinema projection in Europe?
A: Philippe Binant', '
Q: Who developed the technology for the digital cinema projection?
A: Texas Instruments', '
Q: What types of films are most popular in Paris?
A: Hollywood-generated', '
Q: When was the first digital cinema projection in Europe?
A: 2 February 2000']
Since the late 18th century, Paris has been famous for its restaurants and haute cuisine, food meticulously prepared and artfully presented. A luxury restaurant, La Taverne Anglaise, opened in 1786 in the arcades of the Palais-Royal by Antoine Beauvilliers; it featured an elegant dining room, an extensive menu, linen tablecloths, a large wine list and well-trained waiters; it became a model for future Paris restaurants. The restaurant Le Grand Véfour in the Palais-Royal dates from the same period. The famous Paris restaurants of the 19th century, including the Café de Paris, the Rocher de Cancale, the Café Anglais, Maison Dorée and the Café Riche, were mostly located near the theatres on the Boulevard des Italiens; they were immortalised in the novels of Balzac and Émile Zola. Several of the best-known restaurants in Paris today appeared during the Belle Epoque, including Maxim's on Rue Royale, Ledoyen in the gardens of the Champs-Élysées, and the Tour d'Argent on the Quai de la Tournelle.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the model for luxury Parisian restaurants?
A: La Taverne Anglaise', '
Q: When did La Taverne Angaise open?
A: 1786', '
Q: In what century was Cafe Anglais, Cafe de Paris and Rocher de Cancale opened?
A: 19th', '
Q: Near what were most restaurants opened?
A: theatres']
Today, thanks to Paris' cosmopolitan population, every French regional cuisine and almost every national cuisine in the world can be found there; the city has more than 9,000 restaurants. The Michelin Guide has been a standard guide to French restaurants since 1900, awarding its highest award, three stars, to the best restaurants in France. In 2015, of the 29 Michelin three-star restaurants in France, nine are located in Paris. These include both restaurants which serve classical French cuisine, such as L'Ambroisie in the Place des Vosges, and those which serve non-traditional menus, such as L'Astrance, which combines French and Asian cuisines. Several of France's most famous chefs, including Pierre Gagnaire, Alain Ducasse, Yannick Alléno and Alain Passard, have three-star restaurants in Paris.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many restaurants are there today in Paris?
A: 9,000', '
Q: When was the Michelin guide created?
A: 1900', '
Q: How many 3 star Michelin restaurants were in Paris in 2015?
A: nine', '
Q: How many 3 star Michelin restaurants were in France in 2015?
A: 29']
In addition to the classical restaurants, Paris has several other kinds of traditional eating places. The café arrived in Paris in the 17th century, when the beverage was first brought from Turkey, and by the 18th century Parisian cafés were centres of the city's political and cultural life. The Cafe Procope on the Left Bank dates from this period. In the 20th century, the cafés of the Left Bank, especially Café de la Rotonde and Le Dôme Café in Montparnasse and Café de Flore and Les Deux Magots on Boulevard Saint Germain, all still in business, were important meeting places for painters, writers and philosophers. A bistro is a type of eating place loosely defined as a neighbourhood restaurant with a modest decor and prices and a regular clientele and a congenial atmosphere. Its name is said to have come in 1814 from the Russian soldiers who occupied the city; "bistro" means "quickly" in Russian, and they wanted their meals served rapidly so they could get back their encampment. Real bistros are increasingly rare in Paris, due to rising costs, competition from cheaper ethnic restaurants, and different eating habits of Parisian diners. A brasserie originally was a tavern located next to a brewery, which served beer and food at any hour. Beginning with the Paris Exposition of 1867; it became a popular kind of restaurant which featured beer and other beverages served by young women in the national costume associated with the beverage, particular German costumes for beer. Now brasseries, like cafés, serve food and drinks throughout the day.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was the first cafe opened in Paris?
A: 17th century', '
Q: What is the oldest cafe in Paris?
A: Cafe Procope', '
Q: What type of eating place is defined as a neighborhood restaurant?
A: bistro', '
Q: When was the brasserie made popular?
A: Paris Exposition of 1867']
Paris has been an international capital of high fashion since the 19th century, particularly in the domain of haute couture, clothing hand-made to order for private clients. It is home of some of the largest fashion houses in the world, including Dior and Chanel, and of many well-known fashion designers, including Karl Lagerfeld, Jean-Paul Gaultier, Christophe Josse and Christian Lacroix. Paris Fashion Week, held in January and July in the Carrousel du Louvre and other city locations, is among the top four events of the international fashion calendar, along with the fashion weeks in Milan, London and New York. Paris is also the home of the world's largest cosmetics company, L'Oréal, and three of the five top global makers of luxury fashion accessories; Louis Vuitton, Hermés and Cartier.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is clothing made to order for private clients called?
A: haute couture', '
Q: Dior is from which city?
A: Paris', '
Q: In what century did Paris become largely into fashion?
A: 19th', "
Q: What is the world's largest cosmetic company?
A: L'Oréal"]
The Paris region hosts France's highest concentration of the grandes écoles – 55 specialised centres of higher-education outside the public university structure. The prestigious public universities are usually considered grands établissements. Most of the grandes écoles were relocated to the suburbs of Paris in the 1960s and 1970s, in new campuses much larger than the old campuses within the crowded city of Paris, though the École Normale Supérieure has remained on rue d'Ulm in the 5th arrondissement. There are a high number of engineering schools, led by the Paris Institute of Technology which comprises several colleges such as École Polytechnique, École des Mines, AgroParisTech, Télécom Paris, Arts et Métiers, and École des Ponts et Chaussées. There are also many business schools, including HEC, INSEAD, ESSEC, and ESCP Europe. The administrative school such as ENA has been relocated to Strasbourg, the political science school Sciences-Po is still located in Paris' 7th arrondissement and the most prestigious university of economics and finance, Paris-Dauphine, is located in Paris' 16th. The Parisian school of journalism CELSA department of the Paris-Sorbonne University is located in Neuilly-sur-Seine. Paris is also home to several of France's most famous high-schools such as Lycée Louis-le-Grand, Lycée Henri-IV, Lycée Janson de Sailly and Lycée Condorcet. The National Institute of Sport and Physical Education, located in the 12th arrondissement, is both a physical education institute and high-level training centre for elite athletes.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many centres of higher education are in Paris?
A: 55', '
Q: During which time frame were most grandes ecoles relocated?
A: 1960s and 1970s', '
Q: Where is ENA located?
A: Strasbourg,', '
Q: Where is CESLA located?
A: Neuilly-sur-Seine']
The Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) operates public libraries in Paris, among them the François Mitterrand Library, Richelieu Library, Louvois, Opéra Library, and Arsenal Library. There are three public libraries in the 4th arrondissement. The Forney Library, in the Marais district, is dedicated to the decorative arts; the Arsenal Library occupies a former military building, and has a large collection on French literature; and the Bibliothèque historique de la ville de Paris, also in Le Marais, contains the Paris historical research service. The Sainte-Geneviève Library is in 5th arrondissement; designed by Henri Labrouste and built in the mid-1800s, it contains a rare book and manuscript division. Bibliothèque Mazarine, in the 6th arrondissement, is the oldest public library in France. The Médiathèque Musicale Mahler in the 8th arrondissement opened in 1986 and contains collections related to music. The François Mitterrand Library (nicknamed Très Grande Bibliothèque) in the 13th arrondissement was completed in 1994 to a design of Dominique Perrault and contains four glass towers.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who operates the public libraries in Paris?
A: Bibliothèque nationale de France', '
Q: What is the Forney Library dedicated to?
A: decorative arts', '
Q: When was the Sainte Genevieve Library built?
A: mid-1800s', '
Q: What is the oldest public library in France?
A: Bibliothèque Mazarine', '
Q: Which library contains four glass towers?
A: The François Mitterrand Library']
There are several academic libraries and archives in Paris. The Sorbonne Library in the 5th arrondissement is the largest university library in Paris. In addition to the Sorbonne location, there are branches in Malesherbes, Clignancourt-Championnet, Michelet-Institut d'Art et d'Archéologie, Serpente-Maison de la Recherche, and Institut des Etudes Ibériques. Other academic libraries include Interuniversity Pharmaceutical Library, Leonardo da Vinci University Library, Paris School of Mines Library, and the René Descartes University Library.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the largest university library?
A: Sorbonne Library', "
Q: Outside of France, where are the other three branches of the Sorbonne library located?
A: Malesherbes, Clignancourt-Championnet, Michelet-Institut d'Art et d'Archéologie, Serpente-Maison de la Recherche, and Institut des Etudes Ibériques", '
Q: In what arrondissement is the Sorbonne library in Paris located?
A: 5th']
Like the rest of France, Paris has been predominantly Roman Catholic since the early Middle Ages, though religious attendance is now low. A majority of Parisians are still nominally Roman Catholic. According to 2011 statistics, there are 106 parishes and curates in the city, plus separate parishes for Spanish, Polish and Portuguese Catholics. There are an additional 10 Eastern Orthodox parishes, and bishops for the Armenian and Ukrainian Orthodox Churches. In addition there are eighty male religious orders and 140 female religious orders in the city, as well as 110 Catholic schools with 75,000 students.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the most predominant religion in France?
A: Roman Catholic', '
Q: How many parishes and curates were there in 2011?
A: 106', '
Q: How many catholic schools are in Paris?
A: 110', '
Q: How many students attend catholic schools?
A: 75,000']
Almost all Protestant denominations are represented in Paris, with 74 evangelical churches from various denominations, including 21 parishes of the United Protestant Church of France and two parishes of the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints. There are several important churches for the English-speaking community: the American Church in Paris, founded in 1814, was the first American church outside the United States; the current church was finished in 1931. The Saint George's Anglican Church in the 16th arrondissement is the principal Anglican church in the city.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many evangelical churches are there in Paris?
A: 74', '
Q: How many parishes of the LDS church are in Paris?
A: two', '
Q: When was the American Church in Paris founded?
A: 1814', "
Q: What is the principal Anglican church in Paris?
A: Saint George's Anglican Church"]
During the Middle Ages, Paris was a center of Jewish learning with famous Talmudic scholars, such as Yechiel of Paris who took part in the Disputation of Paris between Christian and Jewish intellectuals. The Parisian Jewish community was victim of persecution, alternating expulsions and returns, until France became the first country in Europe to emancipate its Jewish population during the French Revolution. Although 75% of the Jewish population in France survived the Holocaust during World War II, half the city's Jewish population perished in Nazi concentration camps, while some others fled abroad. A large migration of North Africa Sephardic Jews settled Paris in the 1960s, and represent most of the Paris Jewish community today. There are currently 83 synagogues in the city; The Marais-quarter Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue, built in 1913 by architect Hector Guimard, is a Paris landmark.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who built the Marais-quarter Agodudas Hakehilos Synagogue?
A: Hector Guimard', '
Q: When was the Marais-quarter Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue built?
A: 1913', '
Q: When did a large number of Sephardic Jews settle in Paris?
A: 1960s', "
Q: What percentage of France's Jewish population survived the holocaust?
A: 75"]
The Pagode de Vincennes Buddhist temple, near Lake Daumesnil in the Bois de Vincennes, is the former Cameroon pavilion from the 1931 Paris Colonial Exposition. It hosts several different schools of Buddhism, and does not have a single leader. It shelters the biggest Buddha statue in Europe, more than nine metres high. There are two other small temples located in the Asian community in the 13th arrondissement. A Hindu temple, dedicated to Ganesh, on Rue Pajol in the 18th arrondissement, opened in 1985.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the former Cameroon pavilion?
A: The Pagode de Vincennes Buddhist temple', '
Q: Where is the biggest Buddha statue in Europe?
A: The Pagode de Vincennes Buddhist temple', '
Q: When did the Hindu temple on Rue Pajol open?
A: 1985', '
Q: How tall is the biggest Buddha statue in Europe?
A: more than nine metres high']
Paris' most popular sport clubs are the association football club Paris Saint-Germain F.C. and the rugby union club Stade Français. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. It is used for football, rugby union and track and field athletics. It hosts the French national football team for friendlies and major tournaments qualifiers, annually hosts the French national rugby team's home matches of the Six Nations Championship, and hosts several important matches of the Stade Français rugby team. In addition to Paris Saint-Germain FC, the city has a number of other amateur football clubs: Paris FC, Red Star, RCF Paris and Stade Français Paris.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many seats are in the State de France?
A: 80,000', '
Q: What was the State de France built for?
A: 1998 FIFA World Cup', '
Q: What is the most popular football club in Paris?
A: Paris Saint-Germain F.C.', '
Q: What is the rugby club in Paris?
A: Stade Français']
Paris is a major rail, highway, and air transport hub. The Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France (STIF), formerly Syndicat des transports parisiens (STP), oversees the transit network in the region. The syndicate coordinates public transport and contracts it out to the RATP (operating 347 bus lines, the Métro, eight tramway lines, and sections of the RER), the SNCF (operating suburban rails, one tramway line and the other sections of the RER) and the Optile consortium of private operators managing 1,176 bus lines.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Who oversees the transit network in Paris?
A: The Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France", '
Q: How many bus lines does the STIF oversee?
A: 347', '
Q: What was the STIF formerly known as?
A: Syndicat des transports parisiens', '
Q: How many bus lines does the Optile Consortium manage?
A: 1,176']
In addition, the Paris region is served by a light rail network of nine lines, the tramway: Line T1 runs from Asnières-Gennevilliers to Noisy-le-Sec, line T2 runs from Pont de Bezons to Porte de Versailles, line T3a runs from Pont du Garigliano to Porte de Vincennes, line T3b runs from Porte de Vincennes to Porte de la Chapelle, line T5 runs from Saint-Denis to Garges-Sarcelles, line T6 runs from Châtillon to Velizy, line T7 runs from Villejuif to Athis-Mons, line T8 runs from Saint-Denis to Épinay-sur-Seine and Villetaneuse, all of which are operated by the Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens, and line T4 runs from Bondy RER to Aulnay-sous-Bois, which is operated by the state rail carrier SNCF. Five new light rail lines are currently in various stages of development.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where does line T1 run from?
A: Asnières-Gennevilliers to Noisy-le-Sec', '
Q: Where does line T2 run?
A: Pont de Bezons to Porte de Versailles', '
Q: How many lines are in the rail network?
A: nine', '
Q: where does T5 run?
A: Saint-Denis to Garges-Sarcelles', '
Q: Who operates these lines?
A: Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens']
Paris is a major international air transport hub with the 4th busiest airport system in the world. The city is served by three commercial international airports: Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Paris-Orly and Beauvais-Tillé. Together these three airports recorded traffic of 96.5 million passengers in 2014. There is also one general aviation airport, Paris-Le Bourget, historically the oldest Parisian airport and closest to the city centre, which is now used only for private business flights and air shows.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where is the 4th busiest international air transport hub in the world?
A: Paris', '
Q: How many passengers did Paris see in 2014?
A: 96.5 million', '
Q: What is the oldest air port in Paris?
A: Paris-Le Bourget']
Orly Airport, located in the southern suburbs of Paris, replaced Le Bourget as the principal airport of Paris from the 1950s to the 1980s. Charles de Gaulle Airport, located on the edge of the northern suburbs of Paris, opened to commercial traffic in 1974 and became the busiest Parisian airport in 1993. Today it is the 4th busiest airport in the world by international traffic, and is the hub for the nation's flag carrier Air France.  Beauvais-Tillé Airport, located 69 km (43 mi) north of Paris' city centre, is used by charter airlines and low-cost carriers such as Ryanair.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What airport does Ryanair use?
A: Beauvais-Tillé Airport', '
Q: Where is the hub for Air France?
A: Charles de Gaulle Airport', '
Q: What is the busiest airport in Paris?
A: Charles de Gaulle Airport', '
Q: Where is Orly airport located?
A: southern suburbs of Paris']