romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Pascal Lissouba, who became Congo's first elected president (1992–1997) during the period of multi-party democracy, attempted to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy. In June 1996 the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) and was on the verge of announcing a renewed annual agreement when civil war broke out in Congo in mid-1997.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was elected president of the Congo in 1992?
A: Pascal Lissouba', '
Q: Who supported the measures of liberalisation Lissouba tried to employ to reform the economy?
A: IMF', '
Q: What interrupted the renewal of the IMF agreement with the Congo?
A: civil war', '
Q: What does ESAF stand for?
A: enhanced structural adjustment facility']
Congo's democratic progress was derailed in 1997 when Lissouba and Sassou started to fight for power in the civil war. As presidential elections scheduled for July 1997 approached, tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps mounted. On June 5, President Lissouba's government forces surrounded Sassou's compound in Brazzaville and Sassou ordered members of his private militia (known as "Cobras") to resist. Thus began a four-month conflict that destroyed or damaged much of Brazzaville and caused tens of thousands of civilian deaths. In early October, the Angolan socialist régime began an invasion of Congo to install Sassou in power. In mid-October, the Lissouba government fell. Soon thereafter, Sassou declared himself president.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which two figures clashed over leadership of the Congo in 1997?
A: Lissouba and Sassou', "
Q: What is the name of Sassou's personal army?
A: Cobras", '
Q: What nationality were the forces that invaded the Congo to assist Sassou in taking control of the country?
A: Angolan', '
Q: In what month did Sassou regain the presidency?
A: October']
In the controversial elections in 2002, Sassou won with almost 90% of the vote cast. His two main rivals, Lissouba and Bernard Kolelas, were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival, Andre Milongo, advised his supporters to boycott the elections and then withdrew from the race. A new constitution, agreed upon by referendum in January 2002, granted the president new powers, extended his term to seven years, and introduced a new bicameral assembly. International observers took issue with the organization of the presidential election and the constitutional referendum, both of which were reminiscent in their organization of Congo's era of the one-party state. Following the presidential elections, fighting restarted in the Pool region between government forces and rebels led by Pastor Ntumi; a peace treaty to end the conflict was signed in April 2003.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which politican left the presidential race after supporting a boycott by voters?
A: Milongo', '
Q: How long did the presidential term become under the new constitution?
A: seven years', '
Q: When was the new constitution ratified?
A: January 2002', "
Q: When was an end brought to the fighting between the government and Ntumi's rebels?
A: April 2003"]
Sassou also won the following presidential election in July 2009. According to the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights, a non-governmental organization, the election was marked by "very low" turnout and "fraud and irregularities".

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who won the presidential election in 2009?
A: Sassou', '
Q: Which group provided oversight for the electoral process in 2009?
A: Congolese Observatory of Human Rights', '
Q: What kind of turnout did the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights experience in the 2009 elections?
A: very low']
Congo-Brazzaville has had a multi-party political system since the early 1990s, although the system is heavily dominated by President Denis Sassou Nguesso; he has lacked serious competition in the presidential elections held under his rule. Sassou Nguesso is backed by his own Congolese Labour Party (French: Parti Congolais du Travail) as well as a range of smaller parties.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What kind of political system has existed in Congo-Brazzaville since the '90s?
A: multi-party", '
Q: Which party does Sassou belong to?
A: Congolese Labour Party', "
Q: What is the French term for Sassou's political party?
A: Parti Congolais du Travail"]
Internationally, Sassou's regime has been hit by corruption revelations despite attempts to censor them. One French investigation found over 110 bank accounts and dozens of lavish properties in France; Sassou denounced embezzlement investigations as "racist" and "colonial".

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What has Sassou's regime attempted to censor?
A: corruption revelations", '
Q: What country found bank accounts and real estate owned by the Sassou regime?
A: France']
On March 27, 2015 Sassou Nguesso announced that his government would hold a referendum to change the country's 2002 constitution and allow him to run for a third consecutive term in office. On October 25 the government held a referendum to allow Sassou Nguesso to run in the next election. The government claimed that the proposal as approved by 92 percent of voters with 72 percent of eligible voters participating. The opposition, who had boycotted the referendum claimed that the government's statistics were false and that the vote was a sham.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did Sassou reveal that there would be a vote to alter the 2002 constitution?
A: March 27, 2015', '
Q: Which term did the new constitution allow Sassou to pursue?
A: third']
In 2008, the main media were owned by the government, but many more privately run forms of media were being created. There is one government-owned television station and around 10 small private television channels.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who controlled the media in the Congo in 2008
A: the government', '
Q: How many government TV stations exist?
A: one', '
Q: How many smaller stations exist that are not government-run?
A: 10']
Many Pygmies belong from birth to Bantus in a relationship many refer to as slavery. The Congolese Human Rights Observatory says that the Pygmies are treated as property the same way "pets" are. On December 30, 2010, the Congolese parliament adopted a law for the promotion and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples. This law is the first of its kind in Africa, and its adoption is a historic development for indigenous peoples on the continent.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who is considered to own members of the Pygmies?
A: Bantus', '
Q: The treatment of Pygmies has been compared to the treatment of what?
A: pets', '
Q: When did the government of the Congo pass a law to assist indigenous people?
A: December 30, 2010']
Congo is located in the central-western part of sub-Saharan Africa, along the Equator, lying between latitudes 4°N and 5°S, and longitudes 11° and 19°E. To the south and east of it is the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is also bounded by Gabon to the west, Cameroon and the Central African Republic to the north, and Cabinda (Angola) to the southwest. It has a short coast on the Atlantic Ocean.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Between which two lines of latitude is the Congo located?
A: 4°N and 5°S', '
Q: Between which two lines of longitude is the Congo located?
A: 11° and 19°E', '
Q: What ocean connects to the Congo?
A: Atlantic Ocean', '
Q: Which country lies southwest of the Congo?
A: Cabinda', '
Q: What is another name for Cabinda?
A: Angola']
The capital, Brazzaville, is located on the Congo River, in the south of the country, immediately across from Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the capital of the Congo?
A: Brazzaville', '
Q: On what river can Brazzaville be found?
A: Congo River', '
Q: What lies directly across the Congo River from Brazzaville?
A: Kinshasa', '
Q: What country does Kinshasa serve as capital of?
A: Democratic Republic of the Congo']
The southwest of the country is a coastal plain for which the primary drainage is the Kouilou-Niari River; the interior of the country consists of a central plateau between two basins to the south and north. Forests are under increasing exploitation pressure.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What kind of terrain is found in the southwest part of the Congo?
A: coastal plain', '
Q: Which river serves as drainage for the southwest plain of the Congo?
A: Kouilou-Niari River', '
Q: The middle of the country features what kind of geography?
A: plateau', '
Q: What areas are facing pressure to be used for commercial gain?
A: Forests']
Since the country is located on the Equator, the climate is consistent year-round, with the average day temperature being a humid 24 °C (75 °F) and nights generally between 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F). The average yearly rainfall ranges from 1,100 millimetres (43 in) in south in the Niari Valley to over 2,000 millimetres (79 in) in central parts of the country. The dry season is from June to August while in the majority of the country the wet season has two rainfall maxima: one in March–May and another in September–November.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: On what major line of latitude is the Congo located?
A: Equator', '
Q: What is the average temperature in the Congo when the sun is up?
A: 24 °C (75 °F)', '
Q: What is the average temperature range in the Congo during the night time?
A: 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F)', '
Q: When does the Congo experience dry season?
A: June to August']
In 2006–07, researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society studied gorillas in heavily forested regions centered on the Ouesso district of the Sangha Region. They suggest a population on the order of 125,000 Western Lowland Gorillas, whose isolation from humans has been largely preserved by inhospitable swamps.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which group studied gorillas in 2006-07?
A: Wildlife Conservation Society', '
Q: What region is home to the gorillas studied by the Wildlife Conservation Society?
A: Sangha Region', '
Q: What was responsible for maintaining the separation between the gorillas and humans?
A: inhospitable swamps']
The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports. The country also has large untapped mineral wealth.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is the focus of the Congo's industrial production?
A: Petroleum", '
Q: What are two issues in the Congolese government?
A: budget problems and overstaffing', '
Q: What did petroleum production replace as the focus of the economy?
A: forestry', "
Q: What percentage of the Congo's gross domestic product did petroleum account for in 2008?
A: 65%", '
Q: What percentage of exported goods did oil account for in 2008?
A: 92%']
In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. January 12, 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50% resulted in inflation of 46% in 1994, but inflation has subsided since.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What did income from petroleum allow the government to fund in the early '80s?
A: large-scale development projects", "
Q: What was the Congo's annual increase in gross domestic product in the early '80s?
A: 5%", '
Q: By how much were Franc Zone currencies devalued in January of 1994?
A: 50%', '
Q: How much inflation did the Congo experience as a result of the devaluation of the Franc?
A: 46%']
Economic reform efforts continued with the support of international organizations, notably the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The reform program came to a halt in June 1997 when civil war erupted. When Sassou Nguesso returned to power at the end of the war in October 1997, he publicly expressed interest in moving forward on economic reforms and privatization and in renewing cooperation with international financial institutions. However, economic progress was badly hurt by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998, which worsened the republic's budget deficit.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What caused reform efforts to cease in 1997?
A: civil war', '
Q: What are two reasons why the economy was not able to progress following the civil war?
A: slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict', '
Q: When did military conflict resume in the Congo?
A: December 1998']
The current administration presides over an uneasy internal peace and faces difficult economic problems of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty, despite record-high oil prices since 2003. Natural gas and diamonds are also recent major Congolese exports, although Congo was excluded from the Kimberley Process in 2004 amid allegations that most of its diamond exports were in fact being smuggled out of the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo; it was re-admitted to the group in 2007.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are two economic issues faced by the Congolese government?
A: stimulating recovery and reducing poverty', '
Q: What two exports has the Congo begun producing recently?
A: Natural gas and diamonds', '
Q: When was the Congo allowed back into the Kimberley Process?
A: 2007']
The Republic of the Congo also has large untapped base metal, gold, iron and phosphate deposits. The country is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). The Congolese government signed an agreement in 2009 to lease 200,000 hectares of land to South African farmers to reduce its dependence on imports.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What precious metals and minerals have yet to be utilized in the Republic of the Congo?
A: base metal, gold, iron and phosphate', '
Q: What business organization is the Congo a member of?
A: Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa', '
Q: How much land did the Congolese government agree to lease to South Africans in 2009?
A: 200,000 hectares']
Transport in the Republic of the Congo includes land, air and water transportation. The country's rail system was built by forced laborers during the 1930s and largely remains in operation. There are also over 1000 km of paved roads and two major international airports (Maya-Maya Airport and Pointe Noire Airport) which have flights to Paris and many African cities. The country also has a large port on the Atlantic Ocean at Pointe-Noire and others along the Congo River at Brazzaville and Impfondo.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What forms of transport are available in the Congo?
A: land, air and water', "
Q: When was the Congo's train system built?
A: 1930s", '
Q: What is a common destination outside of Africa for Congolese airlines?
A: Paris', '
Q: On what ocean is a major port located?
A: Atlantic Ocean']
The Republic of the Congo's sparse population is concentrated in the southwestern portion of the country, leaving the vast areas of tropical jungle in the north virtually uninhabited. Thus, Congo is one of the most urbanized countries in Africa, with 70% of its total population living in a few urban areas, namely in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire or one of the small cities or villages lining the 534-kilometre (332 mi) railway which connects the two cities. In rural areas, industrial and commercial activity has declined rapidly in recent years, leaving rural economies dependent on the government for support and subsistence.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: In what part of the country can most of the Congo's citizens be found?
A: southwest", '
Q: How long is the track connecting Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire?
A: 534-kilometre (332 mi)']
Ethnically and linguistically the population of the Republic of the Congo is diverse—Ethnologue recognises 62 spoken languages in the country—but can be grouped into three categories. The Kongo are the largest ethnic group and form roughly half of the population. The most significant subgroups of the Kongo are Laari in Brazzaville and Pool regions and Vili around Pointe-Noire and along the Atlantic coast. The second largest group are the Teke who live to the north of Brazzaville with 17% of the population. Boulangui (M’Boshi) live in the northwest and in Brazzaville and form 12% of the population. Pygmies make up 2% of Congo's population.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many languages are used in the Congo?
A: 62', '
Q: What is the most populous ethnicity in the Congo?
A: Kongo', '
Q: How much of the population is constituted by Pygmies?
A: 2%', '
Q: What percentage of the population of the Congo is Boulangui?
A: 12%']
Before the 1997 war, about 9,000 Europeans and other non-Africans lived in Congo, most of whom were French; only a fraction of this number remains. Around 300 American expatriates reside in the Congo.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Prior to the civil war in '97, how many non-Africans lived in the Republic of the Congo?
A: about 9,000", '
Q: What was the dominant nationality among Europeans living in the Congo prior to the civil war?
A: French', '
Q: How many Americans live in the Congo?
A: Around 300']
According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics (33.1%), Awakening Lutherans (22.3%) and other Protestants (19.9%). Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of foreign workers into the urban centers.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the most commonly practiced religion in the Congo?
A: Catholics', '
Q: What percentage of Congolese citizens identify as Awakening Lutherans?
A: 22.3%', '
Q: What portion of the Congolese population is Protestant?
A: 19.9%', '
Q: What is the percentage of Muslims living in the Congo?
A: 1.6%', '
Q: Who form the majority of Islamic residents of the Congo?
A: foreign workers']
Public expenditure health was at 8.9% of the GDP in 2004, whereas private expenditure was at 1.3%. As of 2012, the HIV/AIDS prevalence was at 2.8% among 15- to 49-year-olds. Health expenditure was at US$30 per capita in 2004. A large proportion of the population is undernourished, with malnutrition being a problem in Congo-Brazzaville. There were 20 physicians per 100,000 persons in the early 2000s (decade).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How much of the gross domestic product was spent on public health in 2004?
A: 8.9%', '
Q: What was the overall incidence of HIV or AIDS throughout the 15 to 49 year old population?
A: 2.8%', '
Q: How much was spent per capita on health in 2004 as measured in US dollars?
A: $30', "
Q: For every 100,000 people, how many phyisicians were there in the Congo in the early '00s?
A: 20"]
As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: As measured in 2010, how many deaths occurred for every 100,000 live births in the Congo?
A: 560', '
Q: What does FGM stand for?
A: Female genital mutilation', '
Q: How many infants die for every 1,000 live births?
A: 59.34']
Public expenditure of the GDP was less in 2002–05 than in 1991. Public education is theoretically free and mandatory for under-16-year-olds, but in practice, expenses exist. Net primary enrollment rate was 44% in 2005, much less than the 79% in 1991. The country has universities. Education between ages six and sixteen is compulsory. Pupils who complete six years of primary school and seven years of secondary school obtain a baccalaureate. At the university, students can obtain a bachelor's degree in three years and a master's after four. Marien Ngouabi University—which offers courses in medicine, law and several other fields—is the country's only public university. Instruction at all levels is in French, and the educational system as a whole models the French system. The educational infrastructure has been seriously degraded as a result of political and economic crises. There are no seats in most classrooms, forcing children to sit on the floor. Enterprising individuals have set up private schools, but they often lack the technical knowledge and familiarity with the national curriculum to teach effectively. Families frequently enroll their children in private schools only to find they cannot make the payments.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Public schooling is required for people under what age?
A: 16', '
Q: What was the school enrollment rate in 2005?
A: 44%', '
Q: What do students who finish 13 years of schooling receive?
A: baccalaureate', '
Q: What language is used in Congolese schools?
A: French']
A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems of government, a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What branch of government does the prime minister lead?
A: executive', '
Q: What group is the prime minister usually in charge of?
A: cabinet', '
Q: In some political models like semi-presidential systems, what does the prime minister manage?
A: civil service']
In parliamentary systems fashioned after the Westminster system, the prime minister is the presiding and actual head of government and head of the executive branch. In such systems, the head of state or the head of state's official representative (i.e. the monarch, president, or governor-general) usually holds a largely ceremonial position, although often with reserve powers.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is a parliamentary model on which other systems have been based?
A: Westminster system', '
Q: What kind of role is the head of state in Westminster-based parliamentary governments?
A: ceremonial']
The prime minister is often, but not always, a member of parliament[clarification needed] and is expected with other ministers to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature. In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the royal prerogative) that are constitutionally vested in the crown and may be exercised without the approval of parliament.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is a central duty of the prime minister?
A: ensure the passage of bills', '
Q: What is it called when a monarch has a share of executive powers?
A: royal prerogative', '
Q: Using royal prerogative does not require the consent of which body?
A: parliament']
As well as being head of government, a prime minister may have other roles or titles—the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, for example, is also First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service. Prime ministers may take other ministerial posts—for example, during the Second World War, Winston Churchill was also Minister of Defence (although there was then no Ministry of Defence), and in the current cabinet of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu also serves as Minister of Communications, Foreign Affairs, Regional Cooperation, Economy and Interior

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are two other job titles of the Prime Minister of the  UK?
A: First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service', '
Q: In addition to being Prime Minister, what other role did Winston Churchill serve during World War II?
A: Minister of Defence']