romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
The opening years of the 1980s saw a number of changes in personnel and direction of established hard rock acts, including the deaths of Bon Scott, the lead singer of AC/DC, and John Bonham, drummer with Led Zeppelin. Whereas Zeppelin broke up almost immediately afterwards, AC/DC pressed on, recording the album Back in Black (1980) with their new lead singer, Brian Johnson. It became the fifth-highest-selling album of all time in the US and the second-highest-selling album in the world. Black Sabbath had split with original singer Ozzy Osbourne in 1979 and replaced him with Ronnie James Dio, formerly of Rainbow, giving the band a new sound and a period of creativity and popularity beginning with Heaven and Hell (1980). Osbourne embarked on a solo career with Blizzard of Ozz (1980), featuring American guitarist Randy Rhoads. Some bands, such as Queen, moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock, while others, including Rush with Moving Pictures (1981), began to return to a hard rock sound. The creation of thrash metal, which mixed heavy metal with elements of hardcore punk from about 1982, particularly by Metallica, Anthrax, Megadeth and Slayer, helped to create extreme metal and further remove the style from hard rock, although a number of these bands or their members would continue to record some songs closer to a hard rock sound. Kiss moved away from their hard rock roots toward pop metal: firstly removing their makeup in 1983 for their Lick It Up album, and then adopting the visual and sound of glam metal for their 1984 release, Animalize, both of which marked a return to commercial success. Pat Benatar was one of the first women to achieve commercial success in hard rock, with three successive Top 5 albums between 1980 and 1982.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was the original lead singer of AC/DC who died?
A: Bon Scott', '
Q: Who was the Led Zeppelin drummer who passed away?
A: John Bonham', '
Q: What singer replaced Ozzy Osbourne in Black Sabbath?
A: Ronnie James Dio', "
Q: What was Ozzy Osbourne's first solo album?
A: Blizzard of Ozz", '
Q: What are some thrash metal bands?
A: Metallica, Anthrax, Megadeth and Slayer']
Hard rock entered the 1990s as one of the dominant forms of commercial music. The multi-platinum releases of AC/DC's The Razors Edge (1990), Guns N' Roses' Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II (both in 1991), Ozzy Osbourne's No More Tears (1991), and Van Halen's For Unlawful Carnal Knowledge (1991) showcased this popularity. Additionally, The Black Crowes released their debut album, Shake Your Money Maker (1990), which contained a bluesy classic rock sound and sold five million copies. In 1992, Def Leppard followed up 1987's Hysteria with Adrenalize, which went multi-platinum, spawned four Top 40 singles and held the number one spot on the US album chart for five weeks.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Guns N Roses released both Use Your Illusion albums in what year?
A: 1991', "
Q: What band's debut was titled Shake Your Money Maker?
A: The Black Crowes", "
Q: What was the title of Def Leppard's 1992 album?
A: Adrenalize", '
Q: Adrenalize followed what 1987 Def Leppard record?
A: Hysteria', '
Q: Adrenalize topped US album charts for how long?
A: five weeks']
The term "retro-metal" has been applied to such bands as Texas based The Sword, California's High on Fire, Sweden's Witchcraft and Australia's Wolfmother. Wolfmother's self-titled 2005 debut album combined elements of the sounds of Deep Purple and Led Zeppelin. Fellow Australians Airbourne's début album Runnin' Wild (2007) followed in the hard riffing tradition of AC/DC. England's The Darkness' Permission to Land (2003), described as an "eerily realistic simulation of '80s metal and '70s glam", topped the UK charts, going quintuple platinum. The follow-up, One Way Ticket to Hell... and Back (2005), reached number 11, before the band broke up in 2006. Los Angeles band Steel Panther managed to gain a following by sending up 80s glam metal. A more serious attempt to revive glam metal was made by bands of the sleaze metal movement in Sweden, including Vains of Jenna, Hardcore Superstar and Crashdïet.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did the band The Darkness break up?
A: 2006', '
Q: The Sword, High on Fire, Witchcraft and Wolfmother are all examples of what hard rock sub-genre?
A: retro-metal', "
Q: What is the title of Airbourne's debut lp?
A: Runnin' Wild", '
Q: Glam metal band Steel Panther is from what city?
A: Los Angeles', '
Q: What are some Swedish sleaze metal revivalist bands?
A: Vains of Jenna, Hardcore Superstar and Crashdïet']
In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to modify rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming, and louder vocals, from electric blues. Early forms of hard rock can be heard in the work of Chicago blues musicians Elmore James, Muddy Waters, and Howlin' Wolf, The Kingsmen's version of "Louie Louie" (1963) which made it a garage rock standard, and the songs of rhythm and blues influenced British Invasion acts, including "You Really Got Me" by The Kinks (1964), "My Generation" by The Who (1965), "Shapes of Things" (1966) by The Yardbirds and "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" (1965) by The Rolling Stones. From the late 1960s, it became common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft and hard rock. Soft rock was often derived from folk rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody and harmonies. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from blues rock and was played louder and with more intensity.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Who were three Chicago blues players who influenced hard rock?
A: Elmore James, Muddy Waters, and Howlin' Wolf", '
Q: Who recorded "You Really Got Me"?
A: The Kinks', '
Q: "Shapes of Things" was a 1966 single by what band?
A: The Yardbirds', '
Q: What garage rock classic was recorded by The Kingsmen?
A: "Louie Louie"', '
Q: When did the Rolling Stones release "(I Can\'t Get No" Satisfaction"?
A: 1965']
Emerging British acts included Free, who released their signature song "All Right Now" (1970), which has received extensive radio airplay in both the UK and US. After the breakup of the band in 1973, vocalist Paul Rodgers joined supergroup Bad Company, whose eponymous first album (1974) was an international hit. The mixture of hard rock and progressive rock, evident in the works of Deep Purple, was pursued more directly by bands like Uriah Heep and Argent. Scottish band Nazareth released their self-titled début album in 1971, producing a blend of hard rock and pop that would culminate in their best selling, Hair of the Dog (1975), which contained the proto-power ballad "Love Hurts". Having enjoyed some national success in the early 1970s, Queen, after the release of Sheer Heart Attack (1974) and A Night at the Opera (1975), gained international recognition with a sound that used layered vocals and guitars and mixed hard rock with heavy metal, progressive rock, and even opera. The latter featured the single "Bohemian Rhapsody", which stayed at number one in the UK charts for nine weeks.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did Free break up?
A: 1973', '
Q: What band did Free lead singer Paul Rodgers help form?
A: Bad Company', "
Q: Bad Company's self titled debut album was released in what year?
A: 1974", '
Q: What nationality was the band Nazareth?
A: Scottish', '
Q: What was Queen\'s massive 1975 hit single called?
A: "Bohemian Rhapsody"']
Often categorised with the New Wave of British Heavy Metal, in 1981 Def Leppard released their second album High 'n' Dry, mixing glam-rock with heavy metal, and helping to define the sound of hard rock for the decade. The follow-up Pyromania (1983), reached number two on the American charts and the singles "Photograph", "Rock of Ages" and "Foolin'", helped by the emergence of MTV, all reached the Top 40. It was widely emulated, particularly by the emerging Californian glam metal scene. This was followed by US acts like Mötley Crüe, with their albums Too Fast for Love (1981) and Shout at the Devil (1983) and, as the style grew, the arrival of bands such as Ratt, White Lion, Twisted Sister and Quiet Riot. Quiet Riot's album Metal Health (1983) was the first glam metal album, and arguably the first heavy metal album of any kind, to reach number one in the Billboard music charts and helped open the doors for mainstream success by subsequent bands.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What sub-genre of hard rock does Def Leppard belong to?
A: the New Wave of British Heavy Metal', "
Q: What was Def Leppard's second album called?
A: High 'n' Dry", '
Q: What were the three Top 40 singles from Def Leppard\'s Pyromania album?
A: "Photograph", "Rock of Ages" and "Foolin\'"', '
Q: What band had the first glam metal album to hit number one on the Billboard charts?
A: Quiet Riot', "
Q: When did Motley Crue's album Shout At The Devil come out?
A: 1983"]
While these few hard rock bands managed to maintain success and popularity in the early part of the decade, alternative forms of hard rock achieved mainstream success in the form of grunge in the US and Britpop in the UK. This was particularly evident after the success of Nirvana's Nevermind (1991), which combined elements of hardcore punk and heavy metal into a "dirty" sound that made use of heavy guitar distortion, fuzz and feedback, along with darker lyrical themes than their "hair band" predecessors. Although most grunge bands had a sound that sharply contrasted mainstream hard rock, several, including Pearl Jam, Alice in Chains, Mother Love Bone and Soundgarden, were more strongly influenced by 1970s and 1980s rock and metal, while Stone Temple Pilots managed to turn alternative rock into a form of stadium rock. However, all grunge bands shunned the macho, anthemic and fashion-focused aesthetics particularly associated with glam metal. In the UK, Oasis were unusual among the Britpop bands of the mid-1990s in incorporating a hard rock sound.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What was the title of Nirvana's 1991 album?
A: Nevermind", '
Q: What was the hard rock style that emerged in the early 1990s?
A: grunge', '
Q: What are some grunge bands with a strong 1970s influence?
A: Pearl Jam, Alice in Chains, Mother Love Bone and Soundgarden', '
Q: What 1990s hard rock band had a big stadium rock sound?
A: Stone Temple Pilots', '
Q: What element made Oasis unique among 1990s Britpop bands?
A: a hard rock sound']
Although Foo Fighters continued to be one of the most successful rock acts, with albums like In Your Honor (2005) reaching number two in the US and UK, many of the first wave of post-grunge bands began to fade in popularity. Acts like Creed, Staind, Puddle of Mudd and Nickelback took the genre into the 2000s with considerable commercial success, abandoning most of the angst and anger of the original movement for more conventional anthems, narratives and romantic songs. They were followed in this vein by new acts including Shinedown and Seether. Acts with more conventional hard rock sounds included Andrew W.K., Beautiful Creatures and Buckcherry, whose breakthrough album 15 (2006) went platinum and spawned the single "Sorry" (2007), which made the Top 10 of the Billboard 100. These were joined by bands with hard rock leanings that emerged in the mid-2000s from the garage rock or post punk revival, including Black Rebel Motorcycle Club and Kings of Leon, and Queens of the Stone Age from the US, Three Days Grace from Canada, Jet from Australia and The Datsuns from New Zealand. In 2009 Them Crooked Vultures, a supergroup that brought together Foo Fighters' Dave Grohl, Queens of the Stone Age's Josh Homme and Led Zeppelin bass player John Paul Jones attracted attention as a live act and released a self-titled debut album that reached the top 20 in the US and UK and the top ten in several other countries.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did the Foo Fighters album In Your Honor come out?
A: 2005', '
Q: Three Days Grace is from what country?
A: Canada', '
Q: The band Jet is from what country?
A: Australia', '
Q: What supergroup featured members of Foo Fighters, Queens of the Stone Age and Led Zeppelin?
A: Them Crooked Vultures', '
Q: What was the title of Buckcherry\'s 2007 hit single?
A: "Sorry"']
Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music. The electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong bass drum and a backbeat on snare, sometimes using cymbals for emphasis. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, but usually providing a backing for the rhythm and lead guitars. Vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What instrument is usually at the center of a hard rock sound?
A: The electric guitar', '
Q: Rhythm guitar in hard rock usually plays what?
A: repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity', '
Q: In hard rock, an electric guitar can also be used for what?
A: a solo lead instrument', '
Q: What carries the backbeat in hard rock drumming?
A: snare', '
Q: What instrument works in tandem with the drums to provide hard rock rhythms?
A: The bass guitar']
Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, and The Jeff Beck Group. Cream, in songs like "I Feel Free" (1966) combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia, particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton. Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz, blues and rock and roll. From 1967 Jeff Beck brought lead guitar to new heights of technical virtuosity and moved blues rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band, The Jeff Beck Group. Dave Davies of The Kinks, Keith Richards of The Rolling Stones, Pete Townshend of The Who, Hendrix, Clapton and Beck all pioneered the use of new guitar effects like phasing, feedback and distortion. The Beatles began producing songs in the new hard rock style beginning with the White Album in 1968 and, with the track "Helter Skelter", attempted to create a greater level of noise than the Who. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic has described the "proto-metal roar" of "Helter Skelter," while Ian MacDonald argued that "their attempts at emulating the heavy style were without exception embarrassing."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was the guitarist for the band Cream?
A: Eric Clapton', '
Q: Who was the guitarist in the Kinks?
A: Dave Davies', '
Q: Who played guitar in The Who?
A: Pete Townshend', '
Q: When did The White Album come out?
A: 1968', '
Q: Keith Richards is the guitarist of what band?
A: The Rolling Stones']
In the United States, macabre-rock pioneer Alice Cooper achieved mainstream success with the top ten album School's Out (1972). In the following year blues rockers ZZ Top released their classic album Tres Hombres and Aerosmith produced their eponymous début, as did Southern rockers Lynyrd Skynyrd and proto-punk outfit New York Dolls, demonstrating the diverse directions being pursued in the genre. Montrose, including the instrumental talent of Ronnie Montrose and vocals of Sammy Hagar and arguably the first all American hard rock band to challenge the British dominance of the genre, released their first album in 1973. Kiss built on the theatrics of Alice Cooper and the look of the New York Dolls to produce a unique band persona, achieving their commercial breakthrough with the double live album Alive! in 1975 and helping to take hard rock into the stadium rock era. In the mid-1970s Aerosmith achieved their commercial and artistic breakthrough with Toys in the Attic (1975), which reached number 11 in the American album chart, and Rocks (1976), which peaked at number three. Blue Öyster Cult, formed in the late 60s, picked up on some of the elements introduced by Black Sabbath with their breakthrough live gold album On Your Feet or on Your Knees (1975), followed by their first platinum album, Agents of Fortune (1976), containing the hit single "(Don't Fear) The Reaper", which reached number 12 on the Billboard charts. Journey released their eponymous debut in 1975 and the next year Boston released their highly successful début album. In the same year, hard rock bands featuring women saw commercial success as Heart released Dreamboat Annie and The Runaways débuted with their self-titled album. While Heart had a more folk-oriented hard rock sound, the Runaways leaned more towards a mix of punk-influenced music and hard rock. The Amboy Dukes, having emerged from the Detroit garage rock scene and most famous for their Top 20 psychedelic hit "Journey to the Center of the Mind" (1968), were dissolved by their guitarist Ted Nugent, who embarked on a solo career that resulted in four successive multi-platinum albums between Ted Nugent (1975) and his best selling Double Live Gonzo (1978).

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Who recorded the album School's Out?
A: Alice Cooper", '
Q: Tres Hombres is the name of an album by what band?
A: ZZ Top', '
Q: Who was the lead singer of Montrose?
A: Sammy Hagar', "
Q: Kiss' double live album Alive! came out in what year?
A: 1975", '
Q: Who had a hit single with "(Don\'t Fear) The Reaper"?
A: Blue Öyster Cult']
Established bands made something of a comeback in the mid-1980s. After an 8-year separation, Deep Purple returned with the classic Machine Head line-up to produce Perfect Strangers (1984), which reached number five in the UK, hit the top five in five other countries, and was a platinum-seller in the US. After somewhat slower sales of its fourth album, Fair Warning, Van Halen rebounded with the Top 3 album Diver Down in 1982, then reached their commercial pinnacle with 1984. It reached number two on the Billboard album chart and provided the track "Jump", which reached number one on the singles chart and remained there for several weeks. Heart, after floundering during the first half of the decade, made a comeback with their eponymous ninth studio album which hit number one and contained four Top 10 singles including their first number one hit. The new medium of video channels was used with considerable success by bands formed in previous decades. Among the first were ZZ Top, who mixed hard blues rock with new wave music to produce a series of highly successful singles, beginning with "Gimme All Your Lovin'" (1983), which helped their albums Eliminator (1983) and Afterburner (1985) achieve diamond and multi-platinum status respectively. Others found renewed success in the singles charts with power ballads, including REO Speedwagon with "Keep on Loving You" (1980) and "Can't Fight This Feeling" (1984), Journey with "Don't Stop Believin'" (1981) and "Open Arms" (1982), Foreigner's "I Want to Know What Love Is", Scorpions' "Still Loving You" (both from 1984), Heart’s "What About Love" (1985) and "These Dreams" (1986), and Boston's "Amanda" (1986).

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What was the title of Deep Purple's 1980s reunion album?
A: Perfect Strangers", "
Q: What album was Van Halen's commercial high point?
A: 1984", '
Q: In what year did ZZ Top release Eliminator?
A: 1983', '
Q: What band recorded "Keep On Loving You"?
A: REO Speedwagon', '
Q: The hit single "Amanda" was recorded by what band?
A: Boston']
In the new commercial climate glam metal bands like Europe, Ratt, White Lion and Cinderella broke up, Whitesnake went on hiatus in 1991, and while many of these bands would re-unite again in the late 1990s or early 2000s, they never reached the commercial success they saw in the 1980s or early 1990s. Other bands such as Mötley Crüe and Poison saw personnel changes which impacted those bands' commercial viability during the decade. In 1995 Van Halen released Balance, a multi-platinum seller that would be the band's last with Sammy Hagar on vocals. In 1996 David Lee Roth returned briefly and his replacement, former Extreme singer Gary Cherone, was fired soon after the release of the commercially unsuccessful 1998 album Van Halen III and Van Halen would not tour or record again until 2004. Guns N' Roses' original lineup was whittled away throughout the decade. Drummer Steven Adler was fired in 1990, guitarist Izzy Stradlin left in late 1991 after recording Use Your Illusion I and II with the band. Tensions between the other band members and lead singer Axl Rose continued after the release of the 1993 covers album The Spaghetti Incident? Guitarist Slash left in 1996, followed by bassist Duff McKagan in 1997. Axl Rose, the only original member, worked with a constantly changing lineup in recording an album that would take over fifteen years to complete.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What was Van Halen's last album with Sammy Hagar?
A: Balance", '
Q: Who was the Guns N Roses drummer who was fired by the band?
A: Steven Adler', '
Q: What former member of Extreme briefly served as the lead singer for Van Halen?
A: Gary Cherone', '
Q: Who was the only original member left in Guns N Roses?
A: Axl Rose', '
Q: Slash left Guns N Roses in what year?
A: 1996']
In the late 1960s, the term heavy metal was used interchangeably with hard rock, but gradually began to be used to describe music played with even more volume and intensity. While hard rock maintained a bluesy rock and roll identity, including some swing in the back beat and riffs that tended to outline chord progressions in their hooks, heavy metal's riffs often functioned as stand-alone melodies and had no swing in them. Heavy metal took on "darker" characteristics after Black Sabbath's breakthrough at the beginning of the 1970s. In the 1980s it developed a number of subgenres, often termed extreme metal, some of which were influenced by hardcore punk, and which further differentiated the two styles. Despite this differentiation, hard rock and heavy metal have existed side by side, with bands frequently standing on the boundary of, or crossing between, the genres.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: By the late 60s, what term was synonymous with hard rock?
A: heavy metal', '
Q: What heavy metal group introduced darker themes to the music?
A: Black Sabbath', '
Q: What genre was an influence on extreme metal in the 1980s?
A: hardcore punk', '
Q: Hard rock is differentiated from heavy metal by containing more of an influence of what genre?
A: bluesy', '
Q: In heavy metal, riffs typically form what element of a song?
A: stand-alone melodies']
By the end of the decade a distinct genre of hard rock was emerging with bands like Led Zeppelin, who mixed the music of early rock bands with a more hard-edged form of blues rock and acid rock on their first two albums Led Zeppelin (1969) and Led Zeppelin II (1969), and Deep Purple, who began as a progressive rock group but achieved their commercial breakthrough with their fourth and distinctively heavier album, In Rock (1970). Also significant was Black Sabbath's Paranoid (1970), which combined guitar riffs with dissonance and more explicit references to the occult and elements of Gothic horror. All three of these bands have been seen as pivotal in the development of heavy metal, but where metal further accentuated the intensity of the music, with bands like Judas Priest following Sabbath's lead into territory that was often "darker and more menacing", hard rock tended to continue to remain the more exuberant, good-time music.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Led Zeppelin's first two albums both came out in what year?
A: 1969", "
Q: What was the title of Deep Purple's hard rock 1970 album?
A: In Rock", "
Q: Black Sabbath's lyrics contained references to what cultural touchstones?
A: occult and elements of Gothic horror", "
Q: What is the title of Black Sabbath's 1970 album?
A: Paranoid", '
Q: What is one band directly influenced by Black Sabbath?
A: Judas Priest']