romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
The Marshall Islands also lays claim to Wake Island. While Wake has been administered by the United States since 1899, the Marshallese government refers to it by the name Enen-kio.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What island do the Marshall Islands claim?
A: Wake Island', '
Q: Who controls Wake Island?
A: the United States', '
Q: In what year did the US take control of Wake Island?
A: 1899', '
Q: What does the Marshall Islands government call Wake Island?
A: Enen-kio']
The climate is hot and humid, with a wet season from May to November. Many Pacific typhoons begin as tropical storms in the Marshall Islands region, and grow stronger as they move west toward the Mariana Islands and the Philippines.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When does the wet season in the Marshalls begin?
A: May', '
Q: In what month does the Marshall Islands wet season end?
A: November', '
Q: Typhoons sometimes begin as what whether event in the Marshalls?
A: tropical storms', '
Q: Along with the Marianas, where do typhoons that begin in the Marshalls sometimes terminate?
A: the Philippines']
Due to its very low elevation, the Marshall Islands are threatened by the potential effects of sea level rise. According to the president of Nauru, the Marshall Islands are the most endangered nation in the world due to flooding from climate change.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What feature makes the Marshalls susceptible to harm due to rising sea levels?
A: its very low elevation', '
Q: Who said that the Marshalls are the most endangered nation in the world?
A: the president of Nauru', '
Q: Why are the Marshall Islands the most endangered nation on Earth?
A: flooding from climate change']
Population has outstripped the supply of freshwater, usually from rainfall. The northern atolls get 50 inches (1,300 mm) of rainfall annually; the southern atolls about twice that. The threat of drought is commonplace throughout the island chains.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many millimeters of rain do the northern atolls of the Marshall Islands receive?
A: 1,300', '
Q: What is the main source of fresh water for the Marshall Islands?
A: rainfall', '
Q: What is the Marshall Islands often threatened with?
A: drought', '
Q: How much more rain do the southern atolls get compared to the northern?
A: twice']
In 2007, the Marshall Islands joined the International Labour Organization, which means its labour laws will comply with international benchmarks. This may impact business conditions in the islands.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What body did the Marshall Islands join in 2007?
A: the International Labour Organization', '
Q: What is the significance of the Marshall Islands joining the International Labour Organization?
A: its labour laws will comply with international benchmarks', '
Q: What may see benefits from the Marshalls joining the International Labour Organization?
A: business conditions']
United States government assistance is the mainstay of the economy. Under terms of the Amended Compact of Free Association, the U.S. is committed to provide US$57.7 million per year in assistance to the Marshall Islands (RMI) through 2013, and then US$62.7 million through 2023, at which time a trust fund, made up of U.S. and RMI contributions, will begin perpetual annual payouts.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How much money did the Marshall Islands receive yearly from the United States until 2013?
A: US$57.7 million', '
Q: How much money will the United States give the Marshal Islands every year until 2023?
A: US$62.7 million', '
Q: What document defines how much money is transferred from the United States to the Marshall Islands?
A: the Amended Compact of Free Association', '
Q: What will be established in 2023?
A: a trust fund']
The United States Army maintains the Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site on Kwajalein Atoll. Marshallese land owners receive rent for the base.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: On what atoll is a missile test facility based?
A: Kwajalein Atoll', '
Q: Who is the missile test facility named after?
A: Ronald Reagan', '
Q: What is the official name of the missile test facility?
A: Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site', '
Q: What organization operates the missile test site?
A: United States Army']
Agricultural production is concentrated on small farms.[citation needed] The most important commercial crops are coconuts, tomatoes, melons, and breadfruit.[citation needed]

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Along with coconuts, tomatoes and melons, what crops are notably grown in the Marshalls?
A: breadfruit', '
Q: Where does most agricultural production take place?
A: small farms']
In 1999, a private company built a tuna loining plant with more than 400 employees, mostly women. But the plant closed in 2005 after a failed attempt to convert it to produce tuna steaks, a process that requires half as many employees. Operating costs exceeded revenue, and the plant's owners tried to partner with the government to prevent closure. But government officials personally interested in an economic stake in the plant refused to help. After the plant closed, it was taken over by the government, which had been the guarantor of a $2 million loan to the business.[citation needed]

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year was a tuna loining plant constructed?
A: 1999', '
Q: How many people worked at the tuna loining plant?
A: 400', '
Q: In what year did the tuna loining plant shut down?
A: 2005', '
Q: Before it shut down, what was the tuna loining plant attempting to produce?
A: tuna steaks', '
Q: What was the amount of the loan to the tuna loining plant that the Marshall Islands government was responsible for?
A: $2 million']
On September 15, 2007, Witon Barry (of the Tobolar Copra processing plant in the Marshall Islands capital of Majuro) said power authorities, private companies, and entrepreneurs had been experimenting with coconut oil as alternative to diesel fuel for vehicles, power generators, and ships. Coconut trees abound in the Pacific's tropical islands. Copra, the meat of the coconut, yields coconut oil (1 liter for every 6 to 10 coconuts). In 2009, a 57 kW solar power plant was installed, the largest in the Pacific at the time, including New Zealand. It is estimated that 330 kW of solar and 450 kW of wind power would be required to make the College of the Marshall Islands energy self-sufficient. Marshalls Energy Company (MEC), a government entity, provides the islands with electricity. In 2008, 420 solar home systems of 200 Wp each were installed on Ailinglaplap Atoll, sufficient for limited electricity use.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who did Witon Barry work for?
A: the Tobolar Copra processing plant', '
Q: Where was the Tobolar Copra plant located?
A: Majuro', '
Q: What is copra?
A: the meat of the coconut', '
Q: How many coconuts are required to produce 1 liter of coconut oil?
A: 6 to 10', '
Q: How many kilowatts of power are produced by the solar plant built in 2009?
A: 57']
Historical population figures are unknown. In 1862, the population was estimated at about 10,000. In 1960, the entire population was about 15,000. In July 2011, the number of island residents was estimated to number about 72,191. Over two-thirds of the population live in the capital, Majuro and Ebeye, the secondary urban center, located in Kwajalein Atoll. This excludes many who have relocated elsewhere, primarily to the United States. The Compact of Free Association allows them to freely relocate to the United States and obtain work there. A large concentration of about 4,300 Marshall Islanders have relocated to Springdale, Arkansas, the largest population concentration of natives outside their island home.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: About how many people lived in the Marshall Islands in 1862?
A: 10,000', '
Q: How many people lived in the Marshall Islands in 1960?
A: 15,000', '
Q: As of July 2011, how many people resided on the Marshall Islands?
A: 72,191', '
Q: On what atoll is Ebeye located?
A: Kwajalein Atoll', '
Q: What town hosts the largest number of Marshall Islanders outside the Marshall Islands?
A: Springdale, Arkansas']
Most of the residents are Marshallese, who are of Micronesian origin and migrated from Asia several thousand years ago. A minority of Marshallese have some recent Asian ancestry, mainly Japanese. About one-half of the nation's population lives on Majuro, the capital, and Ebeye, a densely populated island. The outer islands are sparsely populated due to lack of employment opportunities and economic development. Life on the outer atolls is generally traditional.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the ethnicity of most Marshall Islands residents?
A: Marshallese', '
Q: From what continent did the Marshallese originate?
A: Asia', '
Q: What fraction of the population lives on Majuro or Ebeye?
A: one-half', '
Q: What recent Asian ancestry do some Marshall Island residents have?
A: Japanese', '
Q: From when did the Marshallese migrate from the Asian continent?
A: several thousand years ago']
Major religious groups in the Republic of the Marshall Islands include the United Church of Christ (formerly Congregational), with 51.5% of the population; the Assemblies of God, 24.2%; the Roman Catholic Church, 8.4%; and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), 8.3%; Also represented are Bukot Nan Jesus (also known as Assembly of God Part Two), 2.2%; Baptist, 1.0%; Seventh-day Adventists, 0.9%; Full Gospel, 0.7%; and the Baha'i Faith, 0.6%; Persons without any religious affiliation account for a very small percentage of the population. There is also a small community of Ahmadiyya Muslims based in Majuro, with the first mosque opening in the capital in September 2012.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the previous name of the United Church of Christ?
A: Congregational', '
Q: What percentage of Marshall Islanders belong to the Assemblies of God?
A: 24.2%', '
Q: What percentage of Marshall Islands residents are Mormons?
A: 8.3%', '
Q: What percentage of Marshall Islanders worship at the Assembly of God Part Two?
A: 2.2%', '
Q: When did the first mosque in Majuro open?
A: September 2012']
The Ministry of Education (Marshall Islands) operates the state schools in the Marshall Islands. There are two tertiary institutions operating in the Marshall Islands, the College of the Marshall Islands and the University of the South Pacific.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What body operates the state schools in the Marshall Islands?
A: Ministry of Education (Marshall Islands)', '
Q: Along with the University of the South Pacific, what tertiary education institution exists in the Marshall Islands?
A: College of the Marshall Islands']
The Marshall Islands are served by the Marshall Islands International Airport in Majuro, the Bucholz Army Airfield in Kwajalein, and other small airports and airstrips.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where is the Marshall Islands International Airport located?
A: Majuro', '
Q: What airfield operates in Kwajalein?
A: Bucholz Army Airfield']
The szlachta ([ˈʂlaxta] ( listen), exonym: Nobility) was a legally privileged noble class with origins in the Kingdom of Poland. It gained considerable institutional privileges between 1333 and 1370 during the reign of King Casimir III the Great.:211 In 1413, following a series of tentative personal unions between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crown Kingdom of Poland, the existing Lithuanian nobility formally joined this class.:211 As the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795) evolved and expanded in territory, its membership grew to include the leaders of Ducal Prussia, Podolian and Ruthenian lands.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What class was slackta in Poland?
A: noble class', "
Q: Under whos' reign did the szlachta gain institutional privileges?
A: King Casimir III the Great", '
Q: WHich two kingdoms shared tentative personal unions?
A: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crown Kingdom of Poland', '
Q: When did the polish-lithuanian commonwealth thrive?
A: 1569–1795', '
Q: What is one leader from the polish-lithuanian common weaith. 
A: Ducal Prussia']
The origins of the szlachta are shrouded in obscurity and mystery and have been the subject of a variety of theories.:207 Traditionally, its members were owners of landed property, often in the form of "manor farms" or so-called folwarks. The nobility negotiated substantial and increasing political and legal privileges for itself throughout its entire history until the decline of the Polish Commonwealth in the late 18th century.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is another name for folwarks?
A: manor farms', '
Q: Were the szlachta obscure and mysterious or obvious and proud.
A: obscurity and mystery', '
Q: Around what time was the decline of the polish common wealth.
A: late 18th century', '
Q: WHat did the commonwealth increase before it declined.
A: political and legal privileges']
During the Partitions of Poland from 1772 to 1795, its members began to lose these legal privileges and social status. From that point until 1918, the legal status of the nobility was essentially dependent upon the policies of the three partitioning powers: the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Monarchy. The legal privileges of the szlachta were legally abolished in the Second Polish Republic by the March Constitution of 1921.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When, during the partitions of Poland, did the szlachta lose legal and social status. 
A: 1772 to 1795', '
Q: What was one name of a power that the szlachta was dependent on.
A: Russian Empire', '
Q: When was the March constitution implemented.
A: 1921', '
Q: What did the Mach constitution do?
A: legal privileges of the szlachta were legally abolished', '
Q: In what republic did the szlachta lose their legal privileges. 
A: Second Polish Republic']
The notion that all Polish nobles were social equals, regardless of their financial status or offices held, is enshrined in a traditional Polish saying:

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the notion for all polish nobles?
A: social equals', '
Q: What ethnic saying is this traditional from?
A: Polish saying', '
Q: Did it matter how much money a person had to polish nobles?
A: regardless of their financial status']
The term szlachta is derived from the Old High German word slahta (modern German Geschlecht), which means "(noble) family", much as many other Polish words pertaining to the nobility derive from German words—e.g., the Polish "rycerz" ("knight", cognate of the German "Ritter") and the Polish "herb" ("coat of arms", from the German "Erbe", "heritage").

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What german word does the term szlachta come from?
A: slahta', '
Q: What does slahta mean?
A: "(noble) family"', '
Q: What is the polish name for knight?
A: rycerz', '
Q: German name for knight?
A: Ritter', '
Q: Where does the word her derive from in german?
A: Erbe']
Poles of the 17th century assumed that "szlachta" came from the German "schlachten" ("to slaughter" or "to butcher"); also suggestive is the German "Schlacht" ("battle"). Early Polish historians thought the term may have derived from the name of the legendary proto-Polish chief, Lech, mentioned in Polish and Czech writings.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did the poles of the 17th century think the term szlachta came from?
A: German "schlachten"', '
Q: What does schlachtan mean in german?
A: ("to slaughter" or "to butcher")', '
Q: What German word is also suggestive deriving from  szlachta?
A: Schlacht', '
Q: What does schlacht mean?
A: battle', '
Q: The polish believed szlachta derived from the name of who?
A: legendary proto-Polish chief, Lech']
Some powerful Polish nobles were referred to as "magnates" (Polish singular: "magnat", plural: "magnaci") and "możny" ("magnate", "oligarch"; plural: "możni"); see Magnates of Poland and Lithuania.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What were some powerful Polish nobles referred too?
A: magnates', '
Q: What is the singular version of magnates?
A: magnat', '
Q: What is another name referring polish nobles?
A: możny', '
Q: What is the plural version of mozny?
A: możni', '
Q: What other country  besides Poland were polish nobles most likely found?
A: Lithuania']
The Polish term "szlachta" designated the formalized, hereditary noble class of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In official Latin documents of the old Commonwealth, hereditary szlachta are referred to as "nobilitas" and are indeed the equivalent in legal status of the English nobility.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What term designated the noble class of polish Lithuania common wealth?
A: szlachta', '
Q: What are two adjectives that best describe the szlachta?
A: formalized, hereditary', '
Q: Who is referred to as nobilitas?
A: hereditary szlachta', '
Q: What is the legal status of nobilitas?
A: equivalent in legal status of the English nobility']
Today the word szlachta in the Polish language simply translates to "nobility". In its broadest meaning, it can also denote some non-hereditary honorary knighthoods granted today by some European monarchs. Occasionally, 19th-century non-noble landowners were referred to as szlachta by courtesy or error, when they owned manorial estates though they were not noble by birth. In the narrow sense, szlachta denotes the old-Commonwealth nobility.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What simple word does the term szlachta translate too?
A: nobility', '
Q: What were the non noble land owners referred too as?
A: szlachta', '
Q: Why were the non nobles and nobles referred as the same term?
A: by courtesy or error', '
Q: What does szlachta mainly denote?
A: old-Commonwealth nobility']
In the past, a certain misconception sometimes led to the mistranslation of "szlachta" as "gentry" rather than "nobility".:206 :xvi This mistaken practice began due to the economic status of some szlachta members being inferior to that of the nobility in other European countries (see also Estates of the Realm regarding wealth and nobility). The szlachta included those almost rich and powerful enough to be magnates down to rascals with a noble lineage, no land, no castle, no money, no village, and no peasants.:xvi

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Why did the mistranslation of szlachta come about?
A: included those almost rich and powerful enough to be magnates down to rascals', '
Q: Who was inferior of the other, European countries or szlachta?
A: szlachta']
As some szlachta were poorer than some non-noble gentry, some particularly impoverished szlachta were forced to become tenants of the wealthier gentry. In doing so, however, these szlachta retained all their constitutional prerogatives, as it was not wealth or lifestyle (obtainable by the gentry), but hereditary juridical status, that determined nobility.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What ultimately determined nobility?
A: hereditary juridical status', '
Q: What were some impoverished szlachta forced to do?
A: to become tenants of the wealthier gentry.', '
Q: Did the tenants of the wealthier genrty lose their nobility?
A: no', '
Q: What was one noble thing the poor szlachta did?
A: retained all their constitutional prerogatives']
The origins of the szlachta, while ancient, have always been considered obscure.:207 As a result, its members often referred to it as odwieczna (perennial).:207 Two popular historic theories of origin forwarded by its members and earlier historians and chroniclers involved descent from the ancient Iranian tribes known as Sarmatians or from Japheth, one of Noah's sons (by contrast, the peasantry were said to be the offspring of another son of Noah, Ham—and hence subject to bondage under the Curse of Ham—and the Jews as the offspring of Shem). Other fanciful theories included its foundation by Julius Caesar, Alexander the Great:207 or regional leaders who had not mixed their bloodlines with those of 'slaves, prisoners, and aliens'.:208

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Have the origins of the szlachta been clear or obscure?
A: obscure', '
Q: What did they use to refer to the origin of szlactha?
A: odwieczna', '
Q: What was one historic theory of the szlachta origins?
A: descent from the ancient Iranian tribes known as Sarmatians', '
Q: What was another regional leader involved in the origins of szlachta?
A: Alexander the Great', "
Q: What was important and unique about regional leaders?
A: had not mixed their bloodlines with those of 'slaves, prisoners, and aliens"]
Another theory describes its derivation from a non-Slavic warrior class,:42, 64–66 forming a distinct element known as the Lechici/Lekhi (Lechitów):430 :482 within the ancient Polonic tribal groupings (Indo-European caste systems). This hypothesis states this upper class was not of Slavonic extraction:482 and was of a different origin than the Slavonic peasants (kmiecie; Latin: cmethones):430 :118 over which they ruled.:482 The Szlachta were differentiated from the rural population. The nobleman's sense of distinction led to practices that in later periods would be characterized as racism.:233 The Szlachta were noble in the Aryan sense -- "noble" in contrast to the people over whom they ruled after coming into contact with them.:482 The szlachta traced their descent from Lech/Lekh, who probably founded the Polish kingdom in about the fifth century.:482 Lechia was the name of Poland in antiquity, and the szlachta's own name for themselves was Lechici/Lekhi.:482 An exact counterpart of Szlachta society was the Meerassee system of tenure of southern India—an aristocracy of equality—settled as conquerors among a separate race.:484 The Polish state paralleled the Roman Empire in that full rights of citizenship were limited to the szlachta. The szlachta were a caste, a military caste, as in Hindu society.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: WHat was the name of the distinct element from a nnon-Slavic warrior class?
A: Lechici/Lekhi (Lechitów):', '
Q: In this theory, what was the upper class?
A: was of a different origin than the Slavonic peasants', '
Q: WHen did they find the polish kingdom?
A: about the fifth century.', '
Q: WHat caste system does the hindu society have?
A: military caste', '
Q: Who shares the same caste system as Hindu?
A: The szlachta']
The documentation regarding Raciborz and Albert's tenure is the earliest surviving of the use of the clan name and cry defining the honorable status of Polish knights. The names of knightly genealogiae only came to be associated with heraldic devices later in the Middle Ages and in the early modern period. The Polish clan name and cry ritualized the ius militare, i.e., the power to command an army; and they had been used some time before 1244 to define knightly status. (Górecki 1992, pp. 183–185).

Questions and answers:
["
Q: WHat is the earliest surviving use of the clan name of the polish knights?
A: documentation regarding Raciborz and Albert's tenure", '
Q: WHn did the knightly genealogiae associate with heraldic devices?
A: Middle Ages and in the early modern period', '
Q: The polish anem and cry ritualized what?
A: the ius militare,', '
Q: In 1244 the power to command and army had been used to do what?
A: define knightly status']
Around the 14th century, there was little difference between knights and the szlachta in Poland. Members of the szlachta had the personal obligation to defend the country (pospolite ruszenie), thereby becoming the kingdom's most privileged social class. Inclusion in the class was almost exclusively based on inheritance.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Around what time were the knights and szlachta very similiar?
A: Around the 14th century', '
Q: What was a personal obligation of the szlachtas?
A: defend the country']
Concerning the early Polish tribes, geography contributed to long-standing traditions. The Polish tribes were internalized and organized around a unifying religious cult, governed by the wiec, an assembly of free tribesmen. Later, when safety required power to be consolidated, an elected prince was chosen to govern. The election privilege was usually limited to elites.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What contributed to the long standing traditions?
A: geography', '
Q: What was governing the polish tribes?
A: wiec', '
Q: What was the wiec?
A: an assembly of free tribesmen', '
Q: When power needed to be consolidated what was chosen to govern?
A: an elected prince', '
Q: What was the governing position limited to?
A: elites']