romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Amid preparations for the coronation, Princess Margaret informed her sister that she wished to marry Peter Townsend, a divorcé‚ 16 years Margaret's senior, with two sons from his previous marriage. The Queen asked them to wait for a year; in the words of Martin Charteris, "the Queen was naturally sympathetic towards the Princess, but I think she thought—she hoped—given time, the affair would peter out." Senior politicians were against the match and the Church of England did not permit remarriage after divorce. If Margaret had contracted a civil marriage, she would have been expected to renounce her right of succession. Eventually, she decided to abandon her plans with Townsend. In 1960, she married Antony Armstrong-Jones, who was created Earl of Snowdon the following year. They divorced in 1978; she did not remarry.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who did Princess Margaret want to marry?
A: Peter Townsend', '
Q: What did Queen Elizabeth ask Margaret to do instead of marring Townsend?
A: wait for a year', '
Q: What act would the Church of England not permit?
A: remarriage after divorce', '
Q: Who did Princess Margaret marry in 1960?
A: Antony Armstrong-Jones', '
Q: What title was Armstrong-Jones given?
A: Earl of Snowdon']
The Suez crisis and the choice of Eden's successor led in 1957 to the first major personal criticism of the Queen. In a magazine, which he owned and edited, Lord Altrincham accused her of being "out of touch". Altrincham was denounced by public figures and slapped by a member of the public appalled by his comments. Six years later, in 1963, Macmillan resigned and advised the Queen to appoint the Earl of Home as prime minister, advice that she followed. The Queen again came under criticism for appointing the prime minister on the advice of a small number of ministers or a single minister. In 1965, the Conservatives adopted a formal mechanism for electing a leader, thus relieving her of involvement.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Aside from her choice of Eden's successor, what crisis caused Elizabeth to be criticized?
A: Suez crisis", '
Q: What did Lord Altrincham accuse Elizabeth of being?
A: out of touch', '
Q: When did Macmillan resign?
A: 1963', '
Q: Who did Elizabeth appoint as Prime Minister after the resignation of Macmillan?
A: Earl of Home', '
Q: When was a formal mechanism for electing the Minister adopted?
A: 1965']
A year later, at the height of the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, the Australian Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam, was dismissed from his post by Governor-General Sir John Kerr, after the Opposition-controlled Senate rejected Whitlam's budget proposals. As Whitlam had a majority in the House of Representatives, Speaker Gordon Scholes appealed to the Queen to reverse Kerr's decision. She declined, stating that she would not interfere in decisions reserved by the Constitution of Australia for the governor-general. The crisis fuelled Australian republicanism.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: During the Australian constitutional crisis, what Prime Minister was dismissed?
A: Gough Whitlam', '
Q: Who dismissed Whilam from the post of Australian Prime Minister?
A: Governor-General Sir John Kerr', '
Q: Who appealed to Elizabeth to reverse the dismissal of Whitlam?
A: Speaker Gordon Scholes', '
Q: What did Whitlam have in the House of Representatives?
A: a majority', '
Q: What did Elizabeth decline to do in response to the appeal by Scholes?
A: interfere']
In 1987, in Canada, Elizabeth publicly supported politically divisive constitutional amendments, prompting criticism from opponents of the proposed changes, including Pierre Trudeau. The same year, the elected Fijian government was deposed in a military coup. Elizabeth, as monarch of Fiji, supported the attempts of the Governor-General, Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, to assert executive power and negotiate a settlement. Coup leader Sitiveni Rabuka deposed Ganilau and declared Fiji a republic. By the start of 1991, republican feeling in Britain had risen because of press estimates of the Queen's private wealth—which were contradicted by the Palace—and reports of affairs and strained marriages among her extended family. The involvement of the younger royals in the charity game show It's a Royal Knockout was ridiculed and the Queen was the target of satire.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did Elizabeth support constitutional amendments in Canada?
A: 1987', '
Q: What politician criticized the proposed changes?
A: Pierre Trudeau', '
Q: In 1987 what elected government was removed in a coup?
A: Fijian government', '
Q: What did coup leader Sitiveni Rabuka declare Fiji to be?
A: republic', '
Q: In 1991 what money issue of the Queen was a feature of public criticism?
A: private wealth']
In 2002, Elizabeth marked her Golden Jubilee. Her sister and mother died in February and March respectively, and the media speculated whether the Jubilee would be a success or a failure. She again undertook an extensive tour of her realms, which began in Jamaica in February, where she called the farewell banquet "memorable" after a power cut plunged the King's House, the official residence of the governor-general, into darkness. As in 1977, there were street parties and commemorative events, and monuments were named to honour the occasion. A million people attended each day of the three-day main Jubilee celebration in London, and the enthusiasm shown by the public for the Queen was greater than many journalists had expected.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did Elizabeth celebrate in 2002?
A: Golden Jubilee', "
Q: When did Elizabeth's mother die in 2002?
A: March", '
Q: What relative of Elizabeth died in February of 2002?
A: Her sister', '
Q: How many people in London attended each day of the the three day event? 
A: million', "
Q: What group was surprised by the public's approval of the Queen?
A: journalists"]
The Queen, who opened the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, also opened the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics in London, making her the first head of state to open two Olympic Games in two different countries. For the London Olympics, she played herself in a short film as part of the opening ceremony, alongside Daniel Craig as James Bond. On 4 April 2013, she received an honorary BAFTA for her patronage of the film industry and was called "the most memorable Bond girl yet" at the award ceremony.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did Elizabeth open the Summer Olympics in Montreal?
A: 1976', '
Q: When did Queen Elizabeth open the Summer Olympics in London?
A: 2012', '
Q: For what event did Elizabeth appear in a film as part of the opening ceremonies?
A: London Olympics', '
Q: What actor also appeared with Elizabeth in the film?
A: Daniel Craig', '
Q: For what activity related to the film industry did Elizabeth receive a BAFTA award?
A: patronage']
Elizabeth's personal fortune has been the subject of speculation for many years. Jock Colville, who was her former private secretary and a director of her bank, Coutts, estimated her wealth in 1971 at £2 million (equivalent to about £25 million today). In 1993, Buckingham Palace called estimates of £100 million "grossly overstated". She inherited an estimated £70 million estate from her mother in 2002. The Sunday Times Rich List 2015 estimated her private wealth at £340 million, making her the 302nd richest person in the UK.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What has been a subject of speculation concerning Elizabeth's wealth?
A: personal fortune", "
Q: What was Elizabeth's wealth extimated to be in 1971?
A: £2 million", '
Q: What did the palace call estimates of Elizabeth wealth in 1993?
A: "grossly overstated"', "
Q: What did the Sunday Times estimate Elizabeth's fortune to be in 2015?
A: £340 million", "
Q: Where does Elizabeth's wealth place her in the list of the richest in the UK?
A: 302nd"]
Times of personal significance have included the births and marriages of her children, grandchildren and great grandchildren, her coronation in 1953, and the celebration of milestones such as her Silver, Golden and Diamond Jubilees in 1977, 2002, and 2012, respectively. Moments of sadness for her include the death of her father, aged 56; the assassination of Prince Philip's uncle, Lord Mountbatten; the breakdown of her children's marriages in 1992 (her annus horribilis); the death in 1997 of her son's former wife, Diana, Princess of Wales; and the deaths of her mother and sister in 2002. Elizabeth has occasionally faced republican sentiments and severe press criticism of the royal family, but support for the monarchy and her personal popularity remain high.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: When was Elizabeth's coronation?
A: 1953", "
Q: When was Elizabeth's Diamond Jubilee?
A: 2012", "
Q: How old was Elizabeth's father at the time of his death?
A: 56", "
Q: How did Prince Philip's uncle, Lord Mounbatten, die?
A: assassination", "
Q: In what year did Elizabeth's  son's ex-wife die?
A: 1997"]
Despite the death of Queen Mary on 24 March, the coronation on 2 June 1953 went ahead as planned, as Mary had asked before she died. The ceremony in Westminster Abbey, with the exception of the anointing and communion, was televised for the first time.[d] Elizabeth's coronation gown was embroidered on her instructions with the floral emblems of Commonwealth countries: English Tudor rose; Scots thistle; Welsh leek; Irish shamrock; Australian wattle; Canadian maple leaf; New Zealand silver fern; South African protea; lotus flowers for India and Ceylon; and Pakistan's wheat, cotton, and jute.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was the coronation of Elizabeth as Queen?
A: 2 June 1953', "
Q: How was much of the ceremony of Elizabeth's coronation presented to the public?
A: televised", "
Q: What Commonwealth symbols were embroidered on Elizabeth's gown?
A: floral emblems", '
Q: What is the emblem of England?
A: Tudor rose', '
Q: What people have a thistle for their Commonwealth emblem?
A: Scots']
In 1957, she made a state visit to the United States, where she addressed the United Nations General Assembly on behalf of the Commonwealth. On the same tour, she opened the 23rd Canadian Parliament, becoming the first monarch of Canada to open a parliamentary session. Two years later, solely in her capacity as Queen of Canada, she revisited the United States and toured Canada. In 1961, she toured Cyprus, India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Iran. On a visit to Ghana the same year, she dismissed fears for her safety, even though her host, President Kwame Nkrumah, who had replaced her as head of state, was a target for assassins. Harold Macmillan wrote, "The Queen has been absolutely determined all through ... She is impatient of the attitude towards her to treat her as ... a film star ... She has indeed 'the heart and stomach of a man' ... She loves her duty and means to be a Queen." Before her tour through parts of Quebec in 1964, the press reported that extremists within the Quebec separatist movement were plotting Elizabeth's assassination. No attempt was made, but a riot did break out while she was in Montreal; the Queen's "calmness and courage in the face of the violence" was noted.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did Elizabeth address the UN General Assembly?
A: 1957', '
Q: What parliamentary session did Elizabeth open in 1957 while on tour? 
A: 23rd Canadian Parliament', '
Q: On a tour to Ghana in 1961 what did Elizabeth dismiss as a fear?
A: her safety', "
Q: In 1964 what was reported that Quebec extremists planned ?
A: Elizabeth's assassination"]
In 1977, Elizabeth marked the Silver Jubilee of her accession. Parties and events took place throughout the Commonwealth, many coinciding with her associated national and Commonwealth tours. The celebrations re-affirmed the Queen's popularity, despite virtually coincident negative press coverage of Princess Margaret's separation from her husband. In 1978, the Queen endured a state visit to the United Kingdom by Romania's communist dictator, Nicolae Ceaușescu, and his wife, Elena, though privately she thought they had "blood on their hands". The following year brought two blows: one was the unmasking of Anthony Blunt, former Surveyor of the Queen's Pictures, as a communist spy; the other was the assassination of her relative and in-law Lord Mountbatten by the Provisional Irish Republican Army.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What Jubilee did Elizabeth celebrate in 1977?
A: Silver', '
Q: When did Princess Margaret separate from her husband?
A: 1977', '
Q: In what year did Nicolae Ceausescu visit the UK?
A: 1978', '
Q: Who, in 1979, was discovered to be a communist spy?
A: Anthony Blunt', '
Q: What group assassinated Lord Mountbatten?
A: Provisional Irish Republican Army']
In the 1950s, as a young woman at the start of her reign, Elizabeth was depicted as a glamorous "fairytale Queen". After the trauma of the Second World War, it was a time of hope, a period of progress and achievement heralding a "new Elizabethan age". Lord Altrincham's accusation in 1957 that her speeches sounded like those of a "priggish schoolgirl" was an extremely rare criticism. In the late 1960s, attempts to portray a more modern image of the monarchy were made in the television documentary Royal Family and by televising Prince Charles's investiture as Prince of Wales. In public, she took to wearing mostly solid-colour overcoats and decorative hats, which allow her to be seen easily in a crowd.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: As what was Elizabeth portrayed in the 1950s?
A: "fairytale Queen"', '
Q: Of what did Lord Altrincham say Elizabeth\'s speeches resembled?
A: "priggish schoolgirl"', '
Q: What investiture featuring Prince Charles was televised in the late 1960s?
A: Prince of Wales', '
Q: In the 1960s, what did Elizabeth begin wearing to events ?
A: solid-colour overcoats', '
Q: What was the time after WWII heralded as?
A: "new Elizabethan age"']
The Royal Collection, which includes thousands of historic works of art and the Crown Jewels, is not owned by the Queen personally but is held in trust, as are her official residences, such as Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle, and the Duchy of Lancaster, a property portfolio valued in 2014 at £442 million. Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle are privately owned by the Queen. The British Crown Estate – with holdings of £9.4 billion in 2014 – is held in trust by the sovereign and cannot be sold or owned by Elizabeth in a private capacity.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What famous jewelry collection is held in trust by Elizabeth?
A: Crown Jewels', '
Q: What residences of Elizabeth are held in trust and not owned by Elizabeth?
A: official residences', '
Q: What Scottish estate is privately owned by Elizabeth?
A: Balmoral Castle', '
Q: How much is the worth of the British Crown Estate?
A: £9.4 billion', '
Q: How is the British Crown Estate held by Elizabeth?
A: in trust']
Elizabeth's only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930. The two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and their governess, Marion Crawford, who was casually known as "Crawfie". Lessons concentrated on history, language, literature and music. Crawford published a biography of Elizabeth and Margaret's childhood years entitled The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family. The book describes Elizabeth's love of horses and dogs, her orderliness, and her attitude of responsibility. Others echoed such observations: Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as "a character. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant." Her cousin Margaret Rhodes described her as "a jolly little girl, but fundamentally sensible and well-behaved".

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was Elizabeth only sibling?P
A: Princess Margaret', '
Q: When was Princess Margaret born?
A: 1930', '
Q: Who was Marion Crawford to the princesses?
A: governess', '
Q: What was the title of the book written by Crawford about the princesses?
A: The Little Princesses', '
Q: Where were the royal princesses educated?
A: at home']
In 1943, at the age of 16, Elizabeth undertook her first solo public appearance on a visit to the Grenadier Guards, of which she had been appointed colonel the previous year. As she approached her 18th birthday, parliament changed the law so that she could act as one of five Counsellors of State in the event of her father's incapacity or absence abroad, such as his visit to Italy in July 1944. In February 1945, she joined the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service as an honorary second subaltern with the service number of 230873. She trained as a driver and mechanic and was promoted to honorary junior commander five months later.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: At what age was Elizabeth when she went on her first solo public appearance?
A: 16', '
Q: Where did Elizabeth visit on her first solo public appearance?
A: Grenadier Guards', "
Q: In case of her father's absence, in what capacity could Elizabeth act? 
A: Counsellors of State", "
Q: When did Elizabeth join the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service?
A: February 1945", '
Q: In what capacity did Elizabeth serve in the Auxiliary?
A: driver and mechanic']
The engagement was not without controversy: Philip had no financial standing, was foreign-born (though a British subject who had served in the Royal Navy throughout the Second World War), and had sisters who had married German noblemen with Nazi links. Marion Crawford wrote, "Some of the King's advisors did not think him good enough for her. He was a prince without a home or kingdom. Some of the papers played long and loud tunes on the string of Philip's foreign origin." Elizabeth's mother was reported, in later biographies, to have opposed the union initially, even dubbing Philip "The Hun". In later life, however, she told biographer Tim Heald that Philip was "an English gentleman".

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where did Philip serve during WWII?
A: Royal Navy', "
Q: What did Crawford report that some of the King's advisers thought of Philip?
A: good enough", "
Q: To whom did Philip's sisters marry?
A: German noblemen", '
Q: What did Elizabeth\'s mother call Philip?
A: "The Hun"', '
Q: What did Elizabeth\'s mother later say that Philip was?
A: "an English gentleman"']
During 1951, George VI's health declined and Elizabeth frequently stood in for him at public events. When she toured Canada and visited President Harry S. Truman in Washington, D.C., in October 1951, her private secretary, Martin Charteris, carried a draft accession declaration in case the King died while she was on tour. In early 1952, Elizabeth and Philip set out for a tour of Australia and New Zealand by way of Kenya. On 6 February 1952, they had just returned to their Kenyan home, Sagana Lodge, after a night spent at Treetops Hotel, when word arrived of the death of the King and consequently Elizabeth's immediate accession to the throne. Philip broke the news to the new Queen. Martin Charteris asked her to choose a regnal name; she chose to remain Elizabeth, "of course". She was proclaimed queen throughout her realms and the royal party hastily returned to the United Kingdom. She and the Duke of Edinburgh moved into Buckingham Palace.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What was the state of George VI's health during 1951?
A: health declined", "
Q: On what date did Elizabeth's father, King George VI, die?
A: 6 February 1952", '
Q: In what country was Elizabeth when George VI died?
A: Kenya']
In 1956, the British and French prime ministers, Sir Anthony Eden and Guy Mollet, discussed the possibility of France joining the Commonwealth. The proposal was never accepted and the following year France signed the Treaty of Rome, which established the European Economic Community, the precursor to the European Union. In November 1956, Britain and France invaded Egypt in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to capture the Suez Canal. Lord Mountbatten claimed the Queen was opposed to the invasion, though Eden denied it. Eden resigned two months later.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did the prime ministers of Britain and France discuss the idea of France joining the Commonwealth?
A: 1956', '
Q: What did France sign instead of joining the Commonwealth?
A: Treaty of Rome', '
Q: To what was the European Economic Community the precurser?
A: European Union', '
Q: When did Britain and France invade Egypt?
A: November 1956', '
Q: What did the Treaty of Rome establish?
A: European Economic Community']
The 1960s and 1970s saw an acceleration in the decolonisation of Africa and the Caribbean. Over 20 countries gained independence from Britain as part of a planned transition to self-government. In 1965, however, the Rhodesian Prime Minister, Ian Smith, in opposition to moves toward majority rule, declared unilateral independence from Britain while still expressing "loyalty and devotion" to Elizabeth. Although the Queen dismissed him in a formal declaration, and the international community applied sanctions against Rhodesia, his regime survived for over a decade. As Britain's ties to its former empire weakened, the British government sought entry to the European Community, a goal it achieved in 1973.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did the decolonization of Africa and the Caribbean accelerate?
A: 1960s and 1970s', '
Q: How many countries got independence from Britain during decolonization?
A: Over 20 countries', '
Q: When did Britain join the European Community?
A: 1973', '
Q: What did the Rhodesian president declare in 1965?
A: independence from Britain', "
Q: In spite of sanctions by the international community, how long did the Ian Smith's regime last?
A: over a decade"]
During the 1981 Trooping the Colour ceremony and only six weeks before the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer, six shots were fired at the Queen from close range as she rode down The Mall on her horse, Burmese. Police later discovered that the shots were blanks. The 17-year-old assailant, Marcus Sarjeant, was sentenced to five years in prison and released after three. The Queen's composure and skill in controlling her mount were widely praised. From April to September 1982, the Queen remained anxious but proud of her son, Prince Andrew, who was serving with British forces during the Falklands War. On 9 July, the Queen awoke in her bedroom at Buckingham Palace to find an intruder, Michael Fagan, in the room with her. Remaining calm and through two calls to the Palace police switchboard, she spoke to Fagan while he sat at the foot of her bed until assistance arrived seven minutes later. Though she hosted US President Ronald Reagan at Windsor Castle in 1982 and visited his Californian ranch in 1983, she was angered when his administration ordered the invasion of Grenada, one of her Caribbean realms, without informing her.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: During what ceremony were shots fired at the Queen?
A: Trooping the Colour', '
Q: Who was the assailant who shot at Queen Elizabeth? 
A: Marcus Sarjeant', "
Q: Which of Elizabeth's sons served in the Falklands War?
A: Prince Andrew", '
Q: Who was the intruder Elizabeth awoke to find in her bedroom?
A: Michael Fagan', "
Q: What island's invasion angered Elizabeth?
A: Grenada"]
In the years to follow, public revelations on the state of Charles and Diana's marriage continued. Even though support for republicanism in Britain seemed higher than at any time in living memory, republicanism was still a minority viewpoint, and the Queen herself had high approval ratings. Criticism was focused on the institution of the monarchy itself and the Queen's wider family rather than her own behaviour and actions. In consultation with her husband and the Prime Minister, John Major, as well as the Archbishop of Canterbury, George Carey, and her private secretary, Robert Fellowes, she wrote to Charles and Diana at the end of December 1995, saying that a divorce was desirable.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What political feeling is still a minority view in Britain?
A: republicanism', "
Q: What state of affairs produced revelations and problems for Elizabeth?
A: Charles and Diana's marriage", '
Q: In spite of criticisms what kind of approval ratings did Elizabeth have?
A: high', "
Q: What institution was being criticized during the time of Charles and Diana's breakup?
A: monarchy", '
Q: When did Elizabeth write to tell Charles and Diana to get a divorce?
A: December 1995']