romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus Christ began to rule in heaven as king of God's kingdom in October 1914, and that Satan was subsequently ousted from heaven to the earth, resulting in "woe" to humanity. They believe that Jesus rules invisibly, from heaven, perceived only as a series of "signs". They base this belief on a rendering of the Greek word parousia—usually translated as "coming" when referring to Christ—as "presence". They believe Jesus' presence includes an unknown period beginning with his inauguration as king in heaven in 1914, and ending when he comes to bring a final judgment against humans on earth. They thus depart from the mainstream Christian belief that the "second coming" of Matthew 24 refers to a single moment of arrival on earth to judge humans.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: When will Jesus' presence end?
A: when he comes to bring a final judgment", '
Q: What happened to Satan when Jesus started his rule?
A: ousted from heaven', '
Q: How do Jehovah Witnesses believe that Jesus rules?
A: invisibly', '
Q: How is the Greek word parousia translated when referring to Christ?
A: "coming"', "
Q: On what date do Jehovah Witnesses believe Jesus Christ began his rule as a king in God's kingdom?
A: October 1914"]
Meetings for worship and study are held at Kingdom Halls, which are typically functional in character, and do not contain religious symbols. Witnesses are assigned to a congregation in whose "territory" they usually reside and attend weekly services they refer to as "meetings" as scheduled by congregation elders. The meetings are largely devoted to study of Watch Tower Society literature and the Bible. The format of the meetings is established by the religion's headquarters, and the subject matter for most meetings is the same worldwide. Congregations meet for two sessions each week comprising five distinct meetings that total about three-and-a-half hours, typically gathering mid-week (three meetings) and on the weekend (two meetings). Prior to 2009, congregations met three times each week; these meetings were condensed, with the intention that members dedicate an evening for "family worship". Gatherings are opened and closed with kingdom songs (hymns) and brief prayers. Twice each year, Witnesses from a number of congregations that form a "circuit" gather for a one-day assembly. Larger groups of congregations meet once a year for a three-day "regional convention", usually at rented stadiums or auditoriums. Their most important and solemn event is the commemoration of the "Lord's Evening Meal", or "Memorial of Christ's Death" on the date of the Jewish Passover.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How often did Jehovah Witnesses congregations meet prior to 2009?
A: three times each week', "
Q: What are Jehovah Witnesses' gatherings opened and closed with?
A: songs (hymns) and brief prayers", '
Q: How are Jehovah Witnesses assigned to congregations?
A: "territory" they usually reside', '
Q: What do Jehovah Witnesses refer to their weekly services as?
A: meetings', '
Q: Where do Jehovah Witnesses meet for worship and study?
A: Kingdom Halls']
Jehovah's Witnesses are perhaps best known for their efforts to spread their beliefs, most notably by visiting people from house to house, distributing literature published by the Watch Tower Society in 700 languages. The objective is to start a regular "Bible study" with any person who is not already a member, with the intention that the student be baptized as a member of the group; Witnesses are advised to consider discontinuing Bible studies with students who show no interest in becoming members. Witnesses are taught they are under a biblical command to engage in public preaching. They are instructed to devote as much time as possible to their ministry and are required to submit an individual monthly "Field Service Report". Baptized members who fail to report a month of preaching are termed "irregular" and may be counseled by elders; those who do not submit reports for six consecutive months are termed "inactive".

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are Jehovah Witnesses probably best known for by outsiders?
A: their efforts to spread their beliefs', '
Q: How many languages is the Watch Tower Society literature published in?
A: 700', '
Q: What is the objective of Jehovah Witnesses\' door to door ministry?
A: start a regular "Bible study"', '
Q: When are Jehovah Witnesses advised to discontinue Bibles studies with students?
A: show no interest in becoming members', '
Q: What are baptized members who fail to report a month of preaching termed as?
A: irregular']
Divorce is discouraged, and remarriage is forbidden unless a divorce is obtained on the grounds of adultery, which they refer to as "a scriptural divorce". If a divorce is obtained for any other reason, remarriage is considered adulterous unless the prior spouse has died or is since considered to have committed sexual immorality. Extreme physical abuse, willful non-support of one's family, and what the religion terms "absolute endangerment of spirituality" are considered grounds for legal separation.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is Jehovah Witnesses' view of divorce?
A: discouraged", '
Q: What is an acceptable grounds for divorce for a Jehovah Witness?
A: adultery', "
Q: What do Jehovah Witnesses considered remarriage when the reason for divorce wasn't adultery?
A: adulterous", '
Q: Jehovah Witnesses will allow what in the event of extreme physical abuse or absolute endangerment of spirituality?
A: legal separation']
Formal discipline is administered by congregation elders. When a baptized member is accused of committing a serious sin—usually cases of sexual misconduct or charges of apostasy for disputing Jehovah's Witness doctrines—a judicial committee is formed to determine guilt, provide help and possibly administer discipline. Disfellowshipping, a form of shunning, is the strongest form of discipline, administered to an offender deemed unrepentant. Contact with disfellowshipped individuals is limited to direct family members living in the same home, and with congregation elders who may invite disfellowshipped persons to apply for reinstatement; formal business dealings may continue if contractually or financially obliged. Witnesses are taught that avoiding social and spiritual interaction with disfellowshipped individuals keeps the congregation free from immoral influence and that "losing precious fellowship with loved ones may help [the shunned individual] to come 'to his senses,' see the seriousness of his wrong, and take steps to return to Jehovah." The practice of shunning may also serve to deter other members from dissident behavior. Members who disassociate (formally resign) are described in Watch Tower Society literature as wicked and are also shunned. Expelled individuals may eventually be reinstated to the congregation if deemed repentant by elders in the congregation in which the disfellowshipping was enforced. Reproof is a lesser form of discipline given formally by a judicial committee to a baptized Witness who is considered repentant of serious sin; the reproved person temporarily loses conspicuous privileges of service, but suffers no restriction of social or spiritual fellowship. Marking, a curtailing of social but not spiritual fellowship, is practiced if a baptized member persists in a course of action regarded as a violation of Bible principles but not a serious sin.[note 4]

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who administers formal discipline?
A: congregation elders', '
Q: What is formed when a baptized member is accused of doing something serious enough for Jehovah Witnesses to take notice?
A: a judicial committee', "
Q: What is the strongest form of discipline the Jehovah Witnesses' judicial committee can render?
A: Disfellowshipping", '
Q: What do Jehovah Witnesses describe anyone who formally resign from the church as?
A: wicked', '
Q: What are Jehovah Witnesses taught that avoiding social and spiritual interaction with disfellowshipped individuals does?
A: keeps the congregation free from immoral influence']
Jehovah's Witnesses believe that the Bible condemns the mixing of religions, on the basis that there can only be one truth from God, and therefore reject interfaith and ecumenical movements. They believe that only their religion represents true Christianity, and that other religions fail to meet all the requirements set by God and will soon be destroyed. Jehovah's Witnesses are taught that it is vital to remain "separate from the world." The Witnesses' literature defines the "world" as "the mass of mankind apart from Jehovah's approved servants" and teach that it is morally contaminated and ruled by Satan. Witnesses are taught that association with "worldly" people presents a "danger" to their faith, and are instructed to minimize social contact with non-members to better maintain their own standards of morality.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Why do Jehovah Witnesses believe the Bible condemns mixing of religions?
A: can only be one truth from God', '
Q: What are Jehovah Witnesses taught it\'s vital to remain?
A: "separate from the world."', '
Q: What do Jehovah Witnesses believe is true of their religion and their religion alone?
A: represents true Christianity', '
Q: What are Jehovah Witnesses taught association with worldly people presents to their faith?
A: danger', '
Q: What does Jehovah Witnesses define the "world" to mean?
A: "the mass of mankind apart from Jehovah\'s approved servants"']
Jehovah's Witnesses believe their highest allegiance belongs to God's kingdom, which is viewed as an actual government in heaven, with Christ as king. They remain politically neutral, do not seek public office, and are discouraged from voting, though individual members may participate in uncontroversial community improvement issues. Although they do not take part in politics, they respect the authority of the governments under which they live. They do not celebrate religious holidays such as Christmas and Easter, nor do they observe birthdays, nationalistic holidays, or other celebrations they consider to honor people other than Jesus. They feel that these and many other customs have pagan origins or reflect a nationalistic or political spirit. Their position is that these traditional holidays reflect Satan's control over the world. Witnesses are told that spontaneous giving at other times can help their children to not feel deprived of birthdays or other celebrations.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Who is king of God's kingdom in heaven?
A: Christ", '
Q: What do Jehovah Witnesses remain politically?
A: neutral', '
Q: What are Jehovah Witnesses discouraged from doing?
A: voting', '
Q: Why do Jehovah Witnesses forego religious holidays and birthdays or other celebrations?
A: they consider to honor people other than Jesus', "
Q: What do Jehovah Witnesses feel all the traditional holidays reflect?
A: Satan's control over the world"]
They do not work in industries associated with the military, do not serve in the armed services, and refuse national military service, which in some countries may result in their arrest and imprisonment. They do not salute or pledge allegiance to flags or sing national anthems or patriotic songs. Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves as a worldwide brotherhood that transcends national boundaries and ethnic loyalties. Sociologist Ronald Lawson has suggested the religion's intellectual and organizational isolation, coupled with the intense indoctrination of adherents, rigid internal discipline and considerable persecution, has contributed to the consistency of its sense of urgency in its apocalyptic message.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What industries do Jehovah Witnesses avoid working in?
A: associated with the military', "
Q: What may a Jehovah Witnesses' refusal to serve in the natural military service result in, in some countries?
A: their arrest and imprisonment", '
Q: What do Jehovah Witnesses see themselves as, which transcends national boundaries and ethnic loyalties?
A: a worldwide brotherhood', '
Q: What profession is Ronald Lawson?
A: Sociologist', "
Q: What does Lawson suggest has contributed to the consistency of the sense of urgency in Jehovah Witnesses' apocalyptic message?
A: intellectual and organizational isolation"]
Jehovah's Witnesses refuse blood transfusions, which they consider a violation of God's law based on their interpretation of Acts 15:28, 29 and other scriptures. Since 1961 the willing acceptance of a blood transfusion by an unrepentant member has been grounds for expulsion from the religion. Members are directed to refuse blood transfusions, even in "a life-or-death situation". Jehovah's Witnesses accept non-blood alternatives and other medical procedures in lieu of blood transfusions, and their literature provides information about non-blood medical procedures.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What biblical passage informs Jehovah Witnesses' refusal of blood transfusions?
A: Acts 15:28, 29", '
Q: What is grounds for expulsion from Jehovah Witnesses, since 1961?
A: willing acceptance of a blood transfusion', '
Q: What do Jehovah Witnesses accept in lieu of blood transfusions?
A: non-blood alternatives', "
Q: What does Jehovah Witnesses' literature provide about non-blood medical procedures?
A: information"]
Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion. The Watch Tower Society provides pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents prohibiting major blood components, in which members can specify which allowable fractions and treatments they will personally accept. Jehovah's Witnesses have established Hospital Liaison Committees as a cooperative arrangement between individual Jehovah's Witnesses and medical professionals and hospitals.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are Jehovah Witnesses allowed to accept at their discretion? 
A: blood plasma fractions', '
Q: What pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents are provided by the Watch Tower Society to prohibit?
A: major blood components', "
Q: What can Jehovah's Witnesses' members specify on the canned legal forms from the WTS?
A: allowable fractions and treatments they will personally accept", "
Q: What cooperative arrangement did Jehovah's Witnesses establish?
A: Hospital Liaison Committees", "
Q: The Hospital Liaison Committees serve to bridge between hospitals, medical professionals and who?
A: individual Jehovah's Witnesses"]
As of August 2015, Jehovah's Witnesses report an average of 8.2 million publishers—the term they use for members actively involved in preaching—in 118,016 congregations. In 2015, these reports indicated over 1.93 billion hours spent in preaching and "Bible study" activity. Since the mid-1990s, the number of peak publishers has increased from 4.5 million to 8.2 million. In the same year, they conducted "Bible studies" with over 9.7 million individuals, including those conducted by Witness parents with their children. Jehovah's Witnesses estimate their current worldwide growth rate to be 1.5% per year.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What term do Jehovah's Witnesses use for members actively involved in preaching?
A: publishers", "
Q: How many publishers did the Jehovah's Witnesses have as of August 2015?
A: 8.2 million", "
Q: How many congregations did the Jehovah's Witnesses have in 2015?
A: 118,016", '
Q: Over how many hours had Jehovah\'s Witnesses spent preaching and in "Bible study" activity in 2015?
A: 1.93 billion', "
Q: What do Jehovah's Witnesses their worldwide growth rate to be?
A: 1.5% per year"]
The official published membership statistics, such as those mentioned above, include only those who submit reports for their personal ministry; official statistics do not include inactive and disfellowshipped individuals or others who might attend their meetings. As a result, only about half of those who self-identified as Jehovah's Witnesses in independent demographic studies are considered active by the faith itself. The 2008 US Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life survey found a low retention rate among members of the religion: about 37% of people raised in the religion continued to identify themselves as Jehovah's Witnesses.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where do the officially published membership statistics come from?
A: those who submit reports for their personal ministry', "
Q: Only about half all Jehovah's Witnesses are actually considered what in the faith itself?
A: active", "
Q: What did a 2008 US Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life survey discover about Jehovah's Witnesses' retention rate?
A: low", "
Q: Only about what percentage of the people raised in the religion continue to identify themselves as Jehovah's Witnesses?
A: 37%"]
Sociologist James A. Beckford, in his 1975 study of Jehovah's Witnesses, classified the religion's organizational structure as Totalizing, characterized by an assertive leadership, specific and narrow objectives, control over competing demands on members' time and energy, and control over the quality of new members. Other characteristics of the classification include likelihood of friction with secular authorities, reluctance to co-operate with other religious organizations, a high rate of membership turnover, a low rate of doctrinal change, and strict uniformity of beliefs among members. Beckford identified the religion's chief characteristics as historicism (identifying historical events as relating to the outworking of God's purpose), absolutism (conviction that Jehovah's Witness leaders dispense absolute truth), activism (capacity to motivate members to perform missionary tasks), rationalism (conviction that Witness doctrines have a rational basis devoid of mystery), authoritarianism (rigid presentation of regulations without the opportunity for criticism) and world indifference (rejection of certain secular requirements and medical treatments).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the profession of James A. Beckford?
A: Sociologist', "
Q: When did Beckford study the Jehovah's Witnesses?
A: 1975", "
Q: What did Beckford classify the Jehovah's Witnesses organizational structure as being?
A: Totalizing", "
Q: What is the conviction that Jehovah's Witness leaders dispense absolute truth?
A: absolutism", "
Q: What is the term for Jehovah's Witnesses' rejection of certain secular requirements and medical treatments?
A: world indifference"]
A sociological comparative study by the Pew Research Center found that Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States ranked highest in statistics for getting no further than high school graduation, belief in God, importance of religion in one's life, frequency of religious attendance, frequency of prayers, frequency of Bible reading outside of religious services, belief their prayers are answered, belief that their religion can only be interpreted one way, belief that theirs is the only one true faith leading to eternal life, opposition to abortion, and opposition to homosexuality. In the study, Jehovah's Witnesses ranked lowest in statistics for having earned a graduate degree and interest in politics.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Jehovah's Witnesses in the United States ranked highest in people whose education extended no further than what?
A: high school graduation", "
Q: Compared to other religions, Jehovah's Witnesses have the highest frequency of doing what with the Bible outside of religious services?
A: reading", "
Q: What religion ranks highest in frequency of religious attendance? 
A: Jehovah's Witnesses", "
Q: Statistically, what is a Jehovah's Witnesses likely not to care about at all?
A: politics", "
Q: What do few Jehovah's Witnesses earn?
A: a graduate degree"]
Political and religious animosity against Jehovah's Witnesses has at times led to mob action and government oppression in various countries. Their doctrine of political neutrality and their refusal to serve in the military has led to imprisonment of members who refused conscription during World War II and at other times where national service has been compulsory. In 1933, there were approximately 20,000 Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany, of whom about 10,000 were later imprisoned. Of those, 2000 were sent to Nazi concentration camps, where they were identified by purple triangles; as many as 1200 died, including 250 who were executed. In Canada, Jehovah's Witnesses were interned in camps along with political dissidents and people of Chinese and Japanese descent. In the former Soviet Union, about 9,300 Jehovah's Witnesses were deported to Siberia as part of Operation North in April 1951. Their religious activities are currently banned or restricted in some countries, including China, Vietnam and some Islamic states.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What has at times led to immense violence against Jehovah's Witnesses?
A: Political and religious animosity", "
Q: Why have Jehovah's Witnesses sometimes been imprisoned?
A: doctrine of political neutrality and their refusal to serve in the military", "
Q: Of the 20,000 Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany in 1933, how many were later imprisoned?
A: 10,000", "
Q: What were Jehovah's Witnesses identified by in Nazi concentration camps?
A: purple triangles", "
Q: What countries ban the religious activities of Jehovah's Witnesses?
A: China, Vietnam and some Islamic states"]
Authors including William Whalen, Shawn Francis Peters and former Witnesses Barbara Grizzuti Harrison, Alan Rogerson and William Schnell have claimed the arrests and mob violence in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s were the consequence of what appeared to be a deliberate course of provocation of authorities and other religions by Jehovah’s Witnesses. Whalen, Harrison and Schnell have suggested Rutherford invited and cultivated opposition for publicity purposes in a bid to attract dispossessed members of society, and to convince members that persecution from the outside world was evidence of the truth of their struggle to serve God. Watch Tower Society literature of the period directed that Witnesses should "never seek a controversy" nor resist arrest, but also advised members not to co-operate with police officers or courts that ordered them to stop preaching, and to prefer jail rather than pay fines.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Who were Jehovah's Witnesses accused of intentionally provoking in the 1930s and 1940s?
A: authorities and other religions", '
Q: What authors have suggested Rutherford invited and cultivated opposition for the purpose of publicity?
A: Whalen, Harrison and Schnell', '
Q: What did Rutherford hope to convince members about the persecution from the outside world?
A: evidence of the truth of their struggle', "
Q: What did Watch Tower Society literature tell Jehovah's Witnesses they should never seek?
A: controversy", "
Q: What should a Jehovah's Witnesses prefer to paying fines?
A: jail"]
In the United States, their persistent legal challenges prompted a series of state and federal court rulings that reinforced judicial protections for civil liberties. Among the rights strengthened by Witness court victories in the United States are the protection of religious conduct from federal and state interference, the right to abstain from patriotic rituals and military service, the right of patients to refuse medical treatment, and the right to engage in public discourse. Similar cases in their favor have been heard in Canada.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What did Jehovah's Witnesses persistent legal challenges result in, in the United States?
A: reinforced judicial protections for civil liberties", '
Q: What is religious conduct protected from the interference of?
A: federal and state', "
Q: What right to abstain from do Jehovah's Witnesses exercise?
A: patriotic rituals and military service", '
Q: What do patients have the right to refuse?
A: medical treatment', "
Q: Where have cases in the Jehovah's Witnesses favor been heard outside of the U.S.?
A: Canada"]