romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
A major feature is the calypso competition. Calypso music, originating in Trinidad, uses syncopated rhythm and topical lyrics. It offers a medium in which to satirise local politics, amidst the general bacchanal. Calypso tents, also originating in Trinidad, feature cadres of musicians who perform biting social commentaries, political exposés or rousing exhortations to "wuk dah waistline" and "roll dat bumper". The groups compete for the Calypso Monarch Award, while the air is redolent with the smells of Bajan cooking during the Bridgetown Market Street Fair. The Cohobblopot Festival blends dance, drama and music with the crowning of the King and Queen of costume bands. Every evening the "Pic-o-de-Crop" Show is performed after the King of Calypso is finally crowned. The climax of the festival is Kadooment Day celebrated with a national holiday when costume bands fill the streets with pulsating Barbadian rhythms and fireworks.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What type of competition is a major feature of the festival?
A: calypso', '
Q: Where did Calypso music originate?
A: Trinidad', '
Q: Who perform biting social commentaries?
A: musicians', '
Q: What do the musical groups compete for?
A: the Calypso Monarch Award', '
Q: What is the climax of the festival called?
A: Kadooment Day']
Comparsas are held throughout the week, consisting of large groups "of dancers dancing and traveling on the streets, followed by a Carrosa (carriage) where the musicians play. The Comparsa is a development of African processions where groups of devotees follow a given saint or deity during a particular religious celebration". One of the most popular comparsas of Fiesta de Carnaval is the male group comparsa, usually composed of notable men from the community who dress up in outlandish costumes or cross-dress and dance to compete for money and prizes. Other popular activities include body painting and flour fighting. "On the last day of Carnival painters flood the street to paint each other. This simply means that a mixture of water paint and water or raw eggs is used to paint people on the streets, the goal being to paint as many people as you can".

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What's the name of the vehicle where the musicians play?
A: a Carrosa", '
Q: What do devotees follow during a particular religious celebration?
A: a given saint or deity', '
Q: Who are usually included the group comparsa?
A: notable men from the community', '
Q: What is used in some of the festive fights?
A: flour', '
Q: What is the goal of the Carnival painters?
A: to paint as many people as you can']
Carnival in Haiti started in 1804 in the capital Port-au-Prince after the declaration of independence. The Port-au-Prince Carnival is one of the largest in North America. It is known as Kanaval in the Creole language. It starts in January, known as "Pre-Kanaval", while the main carnival activities begin in February. In July 2012, Haiti had another carnival called Kanaval de Fleur. Beautiful costumes, floats, Rara parades, masks, foods, and popular rasin music (like Boukman Eksperyans, Foula Vodoule, Tokay, Boukan Ginen, Eritaj, etc.) and kompa bands (such as T-Vice, Djakout No. 1, Sweet Micky, Kreyòl La, D.P. Express, Mizik Mizik, Ram, T-Micky, Carimi, Djakout Mizik, and Scorpio Fever) play for dancers in the streets of the plaza of Champ-de-Mars. An annual song competition takes place.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year did the Carnival start in Haiti?
A: 1804', '
Q: What event precipitated the Carnival starting in Haiti?
A: declaration of independence', '
Q: What is the Carnival known as in the Creole language?
A: Kanaval', '
Q: What type of bands play for dancers in the streets?
A: kompa', '
Q: What type of annual competition takes place during Kanavel?
A: song']
J'ouvert, or "Dirty Mas", takes place before dawn on the Monday (known as Carnival Monday) before Ash Wednesday. It means ""opening of the day". Revelers dress in costumes embodying puns on current affairs, especially political and social events. "Clean Mud" (clay mud), oil paint and body paint are familiar during J'ouvert. A common character is "Jab-jabs" (devils, blue, black or red) complete with pitchfork, pointed horns and tails. A King and Queen of J'ouvert are chosen, based on their witty political/social messages.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When does  Dirty Mas take place on the Monday before Ash Wednesday?
A: before dawn', '
Q: What do the costumes worn by the revelers pun about?
A: current affairs,', '
Q: What is "Clean Mud"?
A: clay', '
Q: What are "jab-jabs"?
A: devils', "
Q: How are the King and Queen of J'ouvert chosen?
A: based on their witty political/social messages"]
Carnival Tuesday hosts the main events. Full costume is worn, complete with make-up and body paint/adornment. Usually "Mas Boots" that complement the costumes are worn. Each band has their costume presentation based on a particular theme, and contains various sections (some consisting of thousands of revelers) that reflect these themes. The street parade and band costume competition take place. The mas bands eventually converge on the Queen's Park Savannah to pass on "The Stage" for judging. The singer of the most played song is crowned Road March King or Queen earning prize money and usually a vehicle.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: On what day is full costume worn?
A: Carnival Tuesday', '
Q: What is usually worn on the feet to compliment the costumes?
A: "Mas Boots"', '
Q: What does each band base their costume presentation on?
A: theme', "
Q: What do the mas bands eventually converge on?
A: the Queen's Park Savannah", '
Q: Who gets to be crowned Road March King or Queen?
A: The singer of the most played song']
In Mexico, Carnival is celebrated in about 225 cities and towns. The largest is in Mazatlán and the city of Veracruz with others in Baja California and Yucatán. The larger city Carnivals employ costumes, elected queens and parades with floats, but Carnival celebrations in smaller and rural areas vary widely depending on the level of European influence during Mexico's colonial period. The largest of these is in Huejotzingo, Puebla where most townspeople take part in mock combat with rifles shooting blanks, roughly based on the Battle of Puebla. Other important states with local traditions include Morelos, Oaxaca, Tlaxcala and Chiapas.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: About how many cities and towns in Mexico is Carnival celebrated in?
A: 225', '
Q: What contributes to the variations of the celebrations in the rural areas?
A: level of European influence', '
Q: Where do people take part in mock combat with blank shooting rifles?
A: Huejotzingo, Puebla', '
Q: What is the mock combat roughly based on?
A: the Battle of Puebla', '
Q: Morelos, Oaxaca, Tlaxcala and Chiapas are important states which also have their own what?
A: local traditions']
Carnival celebrations, usually referred to as Mardi Gras (Fat Tuesday in French), were first celebrated in the Gulf Coast area, but now occur in many states. Customs originated in the onetime French colonial capitals of Mobile (now in Alabama), New Orleans (Louisiana) and Biloxi (Mississippi), all of which have celebrated for many years with street parades and masked balls. Other major American cities with celebrations include Washington, DC; St. Louis, Missouri; San Francisco; San Diego; Galveston, Texas; and Miami, Pensacola, Tampa, and Orlando in Florida.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What does Mardi Gras translate to in French?
A: Fat Tuesday', '
Q: Where was Mardi Gras first celebrated?
A: Gulf Coast area', '
Q: What originated in the onetime French colonial capitals?
A: Customs', '
Q: What has been part of the celebrations for many years?
A: street parades and masked balls', '
Q: Washington, D.C. and Galveston, Texas are some major American cities which have what?
A: celebrations']
Carnival is celebrated in New York City in Brooklyn. As in the UK, the timing of Carnival split from the Christian calendar and is celebrated on Labor Day Monday, in September. It is called the Labor Day Carnival, West Indian Day Parade or West Indian Day Carnival, and was founded by immigrants from Trinidad. That country has one of the largest Caribbean Carnivals. In the mid twentieth century, West Indians moved the event from the beginning of Lent to the Labor Day weekend. Carnival is one of the largest parades and street festivals in New York, with over one million attending. The parade, which consists of steel bands, floats, elaborate Carnival costumes and sound trucks, proceeds along Brooklyn's Eastern Parkway in the Crown Heights neighborhood.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which borough of New York City is Carnival celebrated in?
A: Brooklyn', '
Q: What American holiday is Carnival celebrated on?
A: Labor Day', '
Q: What country has one of the largest Caribbean Carnivals?
A: Trinidad', "
Q: Over how many people typically attend New York's version of the Carnival?
A: one million", '
Q: What neighborhood as the privilege of bearing the brunt of the festivities?
A: Crown Heights']
In Argentina, the most representative Carnival performed is the so-called Murga, although other famous Carnivals, more like Brazil's, are held in Argentine Mesopotamia and the North-East. Gualeguaychú in the east of Entre Ríos province is the most important Carnival city and has one of the largest parades. It adopts a musical background similar to Brazilian or Uruguayan Carnival. Corrientes is another city with a Carnival tradition. Chamame is a popular musical style. In all major cities and many towns throughout the country, Carnival is celebrated.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which Carnival in Argentina is the most representative of the nature of the Carnival?
A: Murga', '
Q: What city in the east of Entre Rios province is considered the most important one for the Carnival?
A: Gualeguaychú', '
Q: What kind of tradition does the city of Corrientes have?
A: Carnival', '
Q: What is Chamame?
A: popular musical style.', '
Q: Where is Carnival celebrated? 
A: In all major cities and many towns throughout the country']
La Diablada Carnival takes place in Oruro in central Bolivia. It is celebrated in honor of the miners' patron saint, Vírgen de Socavon (the Virgin of the Tunnels). Over 50 parade groups dance, sing and play music over a five kilometre-long course. Participants dress up as demons, devils, angels, Incas and Spanish conquistadors. Dances include caporales and tinkus. The parade runs from morning until late at night, 18 hours a day, 3 days before Ash Wednesday. It was declared the 2001 "Masterpieces of Oral Heritage and Intangible Heritage of Humanity" for UNESCO. Throughout the country celebrations are held involving traditional rhythms and water parties. In Santa Cruz de la Sierra, on the east side of the country, tropical weather allows a Brazilian-type Carnival, with Comparsas dancing traditional songs in matching uniforms.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which Carnival takes place in Oruro in Bolivia?
A: La Diablada', "
Q: Who is the miners' patron saint?
A: Vírgen de Socavon", '
Q: Over how many parade groups participate in the festivities? 
A: 50', '
Q: How many hours a day does the parade run?
A: 18', '
Q: What does the tropical weather on the east side of Bolivia allow?
A: a Brazilian-type Carnival']
Samba Schools are large, social entities with thousands of members and a theme for their song and parade each year. In Rio Carnival, samba schoolsparade in the Sambadrome ("sambódromo" in Portuguese). Some of the most famous include GRES Estação Primeira de Mangueira, GRES Portela, GRES Imperatriz Leopoldinense, GRES Beija-Flor de Nilópolis, GRES Mocidade Independente de Padre Miguel, and recently, Unidos da Tijuca and GRES União da Ilha do Governador. Local tourists pay $500–950, depending on the costume, to buy a Samba costume and dance in the parade. Blocos are small informal groups with a definite theme in their samba, usually satirizing the political situation. About 30 schools in Rio gather hundreds of thousands of participants. More than 440 blocos operate in Rio. Bandas are samba musical bands, also called "street carnival bands", usually formed within a single neighborhood or musical back-ground. The Carnival industry chain amassed in 2012 almost US$1 billion in revenues.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many members do Samba Schools have?
A: thousands', '
Q: How much does a Samba costume typically run an average tourist to buy?
A: $500–950', "
Q: What's the name for small, somewhat random groups of people with a definite theme in their samba?
A: Blocos", '
Q: About how many Samba schools are in Rio?
A: 30', '
Q: How much money in US dollars did the Carnival industry make in 2012?
A: 1 billion']
The Carnival continued its evolution in small/unimportant towns out of view of the rulers. The result was the uninterrupted celebration of Carnival festivals in Barranquilla (see Barranquilla's Carnival) now recognized as one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. The Barranquilla Carnival includes several parades on Friday and Saturday nights beginning on 11 January and ending with a six-day non-stop festival, beginning the Wednesday prior to Ash Wednesday and ending Tuesday midnight. Other celebrations occur in villages along the lower Magdalena River in northern Colombia, and in Pasto, Nariño (see Blacks and Whites' Carnival) in the south of the country. In the early 20th century, attempts to introduce Carnival in Bogotá were rejected by the government. The Bogotá Carnival was renewed in the 21st century.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where did the Carnival gestate out of the purview of rules?
A: in small/unimportant towns', '
Q: How many days does the non-stop festival go?
A: six', '
Q: The uninterrupted celebration of Carnival festivals in Barranquilla is now recognized as what?
A: one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity', '
Q: Who rejected attempts to introduce the Carnival in Bogotá?
A: the government']
The most famed Carnival festivities are in Guaranda (Bolivar province) and Ambato (Tungurahua province). In Ambato, the festivities are called Fiesta de las Flores y las Frutas (Festival of the Flowers and Fruits). Other cities have revived Carnival traditions with colorful parades, such as in Azogues (Cañar Province). In Azogues and the Southern Andes in general, Taita Carnival is always an indigenous Cañari. Recently a celebration has gained prominence in the northern part of the Sierra in the Chota Valley in Imbabura which is a zone of a strong afro-Ecuadorian population and so the Carnival is celebrated with bomba del chota music.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where are the most famed Carnival festivities?
A: Guaranda (Bolivar province) and Ambato (Tungurahua province', '
Q: What are the festivities known as in Ambato?
A: Fiesta de las Flores y las Frutas', '
Q: Where has a celebration recently gained acclaim?
A: Imbabura', '
Q: What is there a large population of in the Chota Valley?
A: afro-Ecuadorian', '
Q: What music is the Carnival celebrated with in the Chota Valley?
A: bomba del chota']
A uniquely Creole tradition is the touloulous. These women wear decorative gowns, gloves, masks and headdresses that cover them completely, making them unrecognisable, even to the colour of their skin. On Friday and Saturday nights of Carnival, touloulou balls are held in so-called universities; in reality, large dance halls that open only at Carnival time. Touloulous get in free, and are even given condoms in the interest of the sexual health of the community. Men attend the balls, but they pay admittance and are not disguised. The touloulous pick their dance partners, who may not refuse. The setup is designed to make it easy for a woman to create a temporary liaison with a man in total anonymity. Undisguised women are not welcomed. By tradition, if such a woman gets up to dance, the orchestra stops playing. Alcohol is served at bars – the disguised women whisper to the men "touloulou thirsty", at which a round of drinks is expected, to be drunk through a straw protect their anonymity.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is a tradition unique to the Creole people?
A: touloulous', '
Q: Why are Touloulous given free condoms?
A: in the interest of the sexual health', '
Q: What do men have to do to be allowed into the balls?
A: pay admittance', "
Q: What are the touloulous' dance partners not allowed to do?
A: refuse", '
Q: Why do the women drink through a straw? 
A: protect their anonymity']
Peruvian Carnival incorporates elements of violence and reflects the urban violence in Peruvian society following the internal conflict in Peru. Traditionally, Peruvian Andean festivities were held on this period every year because it is the rainy season. It was already violent during the 19th century, but the government limited the practice. During the early 20th century it consisted partying and parading, while in the second half of the 20th century it acquired violent characteristics that continued. It was banned, first from the streets in 1958 and altogether in 1959 by the Prado government. It consisted basically of water battles in a traditional way,[clarification needed] while in later years it included playing with dirty water, mud, oil and colorants -and also including fighting and sometimes looting private property and sexual assaults on women. It has become an excuse for criminal gangs to rob people while pretending to celebrate. As of 2010, it had become so violent that the government imposed penalties of up to eight years in prison for violence during the games (the games themselves are not forbidden, but using violence during the games or coercing others to participate is).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What does the Peruvian Carnival incorporate elements of?
A: violence', '
Q: Why are the festivals in Peru held when they are?
A: because it is the rainy season', '
Q: When did the festivities acquire their violent tendencies?
A: second half of the 20th century', "
Q: What is an element of Peruvian's Carnival not found in any other country's celebrations?
A: sexual assaults on women", '
Q: How many years in prison can someone expect for being violent during the fun and games?
A: eight']
The Carnival in Uruguay covers more than 40 days, generally beginning towards the end of January and running through mid March. Celebrations in Montevideo are the largest. The festival is performed in the European parade style with elements from Bantu and Angolan Benguela cultures imported with slaves in colonial times. The main attractions of Uruguayan Carnival include two colorful parades called Desfile de Carnaval (Carnival Parade) and Desfile de Llamadas (Calls Parade, a candombe-summoning parade).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many days does the Carnival in Uruguay last for?
A: more than 40', "
Q: What parade style does Uruguay's festival ape?
A: European", '
Q: What were the stylistic elements of the parade imported with in colonial times?
A: slaves', '
Q: What are the main attractions of the Uruguayan Carnival?
A: two colorful parades', '
Q: What is summoned by the Desfile de Llamadas parade?
A: candombe']
During the celebration, theaters called tablados are built in many places throughout the cities, especially in Montevideo. Traditionally formed by men and now starting to be open to women, the different Carnival groups (Murgas, Lubolos or Parodistas) perform a kind of popular opera at the tablados, singing and dancing songs that generally relate to the social and political situation. The 'Calls' groups, basically formed by drummers playing the tamboril, perform candombe rhythmic figures. Revelers wear their festival clothing. Each group has its own theme. Women wearing elegant, bright dresses are called vedettes and provide a sensual touch to parades.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are built in many places through the cities?
A: tablados', '
Q: What do the different Carnival groups perform together?
A: opera', '
Q: What do the topics of the shows put on at the tablados typically relate to?
A: the social and political situation', '
Q: What type of rhythmic figures are performed by the drummers playing the tamboril?
A: candombe', '
Q: What sort of touch do the vedettes provide to the parades?
A: sensual']
Pesticides are substances meant for attracting, seducing, and then destroying any pest. They are a class of biocide. The most common use of pesticides is as plant protection products (also known as crop protection products), which in general protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds, fungi, or insects. This use of pesticides is so common that the term pesticide is often treated as synonymous with plant protection product, although it is in fact a broader term, as pesticides are also used for non-agricultural purposes. The term pesticide includes all of the following: herbicide, insecticide, insect growth regulator, nematicide, termiticide, molluscicide, piscicide, avicide, rodenticide, predacide, bactericide, insect repellent, animal repellent, antimicrobial, fungicide, disinfectant (antimicrobial), and sanitizer.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the difference between a pesticide and a plant protection product?
A: pesticides are also used for non-agricultural purposes', '
Q: What is the purpose of a pesticide?
A: Pesticides are substances meant for attracting, seducing, and then destroying any pest', '
Q: What are pesticides most commonly used for?
A: The most common use of pesticides is as plant protection products', '
Q: What can pesticides protect plants from?
A: protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds, fungi, or insects', '
Q: What item commonly used in hospitals, schools and offices is a pesticide?
A: sanitizer']
In general, a pesticide is a chemical or biological agent (such as a virus, bacterium, antimicrobial, or disinfectant) that deters, incapacitates, kills, or otherwise discourages pests. Target pests can include insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms), and microbes that destroy property, cause nuisance, or spread disease, or are disease vectors. Although pesticides have benefits, some also have drawbacks, such as potential toxicity to humans and other species. According to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, 9 of the 12 most dangerous and persistent organic chemicals are organochlorine pesticides.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are three pests pesticides target?
A: plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks', '
Q: Are pesticides chemical or biological agents?
A: a pesticide is a chemical or biological agent', '
Q: What are possible cons of pesticides?
A: potential toxicity to humans and other species', '
Q: What are pesticides meant to prevent?
A: destroy property, cause nuisance, or spread disease, or are disease vectors']
Pesticides can be classified by target organism (e.g., herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, and pediculicides - see table), chemical structure (e.g., organic, inorganic, synthetic, or biological (biopesticide), although the distinction can sometimes blur), and physical state (e.g. gaseous (fumigant)). Biopesticides include microbial pesticides and biochemical pesticides. Plant-derived pesticides, or "botanicals", have been developing quickly. These include the pyrethroids, rotenoids, nicotinoids, and a fourth group that includes strychnine and scilliroside.:15

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is one way to group pesticides?
A: chemical structure', '
Q: Give three examples of target organisms of pesticides.
A: herbicides, insecticides, fungicides', '
Q: What are the two types of biopesticides?
A: microbial pesticides and biochemical pesticides', '
Q: Which type of pesticides have seen rapid growth in development?
A: Plant-derived pesticides, or "botanicals']