romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
When World War II started, tonnage levels at the port decreased and shipping activities were suspended; however, the war did provide economic benefits for the city. Petrochemical refineries and manufacturing plants were constructed along the ship channel because of the demand for petroleum and synthetic rubber products by the defense industry during the war. Ellington Field, initially built during World War I, was revitalized as an advanced training center for bombardiers and navigators. The Brown Shipbuilding Company was founded in 1942 to build ships for the U.S. Navy during World War II. Due to the boom in defense jobs, thousands of new workers migrated to the city, both blacks and whites competing for the higher-paying jobs. President Roosevelt had established a policy of non-discrimination for defense contractors, and blacks gained some opportunities, especially in shipbuilding, although not without resistance from whites and increasing social tensions that erupted into occasional violence. Economic gains of blacks who entered defense industries continued in the postwar years.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What event cause shipping activities to be suspended?
A: World War II', '
Q: Petrochemical refineries and manufacturing plants were built due to the demand for what items during the war?
A: petroleum and synthetic rubber products', '
Q: When was Ellington Field built?
A: during World War I', '
Q: When was the Brown Shipbuilding Company founded?
A: 1942', '
Q: What was the policy created by President Roosevelt due to the boom in defense jobs?
A: non-discrimination for defense contractors', '
Q: What kind of refineries were built along the Houston ship channel?
A: Petrochemical', '
Q: To fill what type of demand were refineries built?
A: petroleum and synthetic rubber', '
Q: What world event caused this increased need for petrochemicals?
A: World War II', '
Q: Why did thousands of new workers flock to Houston?
A: defense jobs', '
Q: Which president created a policy of non-discrimination for defense contractors?
A: President Roosevelt']
One wave of the population boom ended abruptly in the mid-1980s, as oil prices fell precipitously. The space industry also suffered in 1986 after the Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrated shortly after launch. There was a cutback in some activities for a period. In the late 1980s, the city's economy suffered from the nationwide recession. After the early 1990s recession, Houston made efforts to diversify its economy by focusing on aerospace and health care/biotechnology, and reduced its dependence on the petroleum industry. Since the increase of oil prices in the 2000s, the petroleum industry has again increased its share of the local economy.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year did the space shuttle Challenger explode after launch?
A: 1986', "
Q: Why did Houston's economy have problems in the late 1980's?
A: the nationwide recession", "
Q: In the 1990's, what is something Houston did to try to diversify it's economy?
A: reduced its dependence on the petroleum industry", "
Q: The petroleum industry has become a larger part of Houston's economy again for what reason?
A: the increase of oil prices in the 2000s", '
Q: What caused population growth to decline  in the 1980s?
A: oil prices fell', '
Q: When did Houston begin to regain its dependence on the oil industry?
A: 2000s', '
Q: What did Houston focus on after the 1990s recession to improve its economy?
A: aerospace and health care', '
Q: When did Houston suffer an economic decline?
A: late 1980s', '
Q: Which shuttle disintegrated in 1986 to cause a decline in the space industry?
A: Space Shuttle Challenger']
Underpinning Houston's land surface are unconsolidated clays, clay shales, and poorly cemented sands up to several miles deep. The region's geology developed from river deposits formed from the erosion of the Rocky Mountains. These sediments consist of a series of sands and clays deposited on decaying organic marine matter, that over time, transformed into oil and natural gas. Beneath the layers of sediment is a water-deposited layer of halite, a rock salt. The porous layers were compressed over time and forced upward. As it pushed upward, the salt dragged surrounding sediments into salt dome formations, often trapping oil and gas that seeped from the surrounding porous sands. The thick, rich, sometimes black, surface soil is suitable for rice farming in suburban outskirts where the city continues to grow.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What materials are underpinning the land surface of Houston?
A: unconsolidated clays, clay shales, and poorly cemented sands', "
Q: Houston's geology was formed from river deposits from the erosion of what mountains?
A: Rocky Mountains", '
Q: The sand and clay deposited onto decaying marine matter transformed into what?
A: oil and natural gas', '
Q: What is halite?
A: a rock salt', "
Q: What type of farming is Houston's surface soil good for?
A: rice farming", "
Q: Besides sands, what are the foundations of Houston's land?
A: clays", '
Q: How deep are the clay and sands foundations of Houston?
A: several miles', '
Q: What geological event caused the foundations of the land beneath Houston?
A: erosion of the Rocky Mountains', '
Q: What agricultural crop was farmed in the rich soils on the outlying areas of Houston?
A: rice', '
Q: What did the decaying organics under the clay and sand deposits later form?
A: oil and natural gas']
In the 1960s, Downtown Houston consisted of a collection of mid-rise office structures. Downtown was on the threshold of an energy industry–led boom in 1970. A succession of skyscrapers were built throughout the 1970s—many by real estate developer Gerald D. Hines—culminating with Houston's tallest skyscraper, the 75-floor, 1,002-foot (305 m)-tall JPMorgan Chase Tower (formerly the Texas Commerce Tower), completed in 1982. It is the tallest structure in Texas, 15th tallest building in the United States, and the 85th tallest skyscraper in the world, based on highest architectural feature. In 1983, the 71-floor, 992-foot (302 m)-tall Wells Fargo Plaza (formerly Allied Bank Plaza) was completed, becoming the second-tallest building in Houston and Texas. Based on highest architectural feature, it is the 17th tallest in the United States and the 95th tallest in the world. In 2007, downtown Houston had over 43 million square feet (4,000,000 m²) of office space.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Downtown Houston consisted of what type of building in the 1960's?
A: mid-rise office structures", '
Q: When were skyscrapers first built in Houston?
A: throughout the 1970s', '
Q: What is the tallest building in Texas?
A: JPMorgan Chase Tower', '
Q: How tall is the JP Morgan Chase Tower?
A: 1,002-foot', '
Q: What is the second tallest building in Houston?
A: Wells Fargo Plaza', '
Q: In the 1970 s what developer built high rises in downtown Houston?
A: Gerald D. Hines', '
Q: What was the highest building in Houston completed in 1982?
A: JPMorgan Chase Tower', '
Q: What was the original name of the JP Morgan Chase Tower?
A: Texas Commerce Tower', '
Q: What is the Chase Tower rated as in height in Texas?
A: tallest structure in Texas', '
Q: By 2007 how many square feet of office space did Houston have?
A: 43 million square feet']
In 2006, the Houston metropolitan area ranked first in Texas and third in the U.S. within the Category of "Best Places for Business and Careers" by Forbes magazine. Foreign governments have established 92 consular offices in Houston's metropolitan area, the third highest in the nation. Forty foreign governments maintain trade and commercial offices here and 23 active foreign chambers of commerce and trade associations. Twenty-five foreign banks representing 13 nations operate in Houston, providing financial assistance to the international community.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Houston ranked 3rd in which category by Forbes magazine in 2006?
A: Best Places for Business and Careers', '
Q: How many offices have been established in Houston by foreign governments?
A: 92', '
Q: How many foreign governments maintain trade and commercial offices in Houston?
A: Forty', '
Q: How many foreign banks operate in Houston?
A: Twenty-five', '
Q: How many nations do the 25 foreign banks operating in Houston represent?
A: 13', '
Q: When did the Houston area rank first in Texas for business?
A: 2006', '
Q: How did Houston rank in the U.S. for business?
A: third in the U.S', '
Q: How many consular offices does Houston have?
A: 92', '
Q: How many foreign countries have trade offices in Houston?
A: Forty', '
Q: How many nations do the twenty-five foreign banks represent?
A: 13']
Many annual events celebrate the diverse cultures of Houston. The largest and longest running is the annual Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, held over 20 days from early to late March, is the largest annual livestock show and rodeo in the world. Another large celebration is the annual night-time Houston Pride Parade, held at the end of June. Other annual events include the Houston Greek Festival, Art Car Parade, the Houston Auto Show, the Houston International Festival, and the Bayou City Art Festival, which is considered to be one of the top five art festivals in the United States.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the largest annual event held in Houston?
A: Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo', '
Q: How long does the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo last?
A: 20 days', '
Q: When is the annual Houston Pride Parade held?
A: the end of June', '
Q: What is some other annual events held in Houston?
A: Houston Greek Festival, Art Car Parade, the Houston Auto Show, the Houston International Festival, and the Bayou City Art Festival', '
Q: What art festival held in Houston is one of the top 5 in the US?
A: the Bayou City Art Festival', '
Q: What event is the longest running in Houston?
A: Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo', '
Q: When is the Houston Livestock show and Rodeo held?
A: March', '
Q: When is the Houston Pride Parade held?
A: end of June', '
Q: What form of car parade is held in Houston?
A: Art Car Parade', '
Q: Where does the Bayou City Art Festival rank in U.S. art festivals?
A: one of the top five']
Of the 10 most populous U.S. cities, Houston has the most total area of parks and green space, 56,405 acres (228 km2). The city also has over 200 additional green spaces—totaling over 19,600 acres (79 km2) that are managed by the city—including the Houston Arboretum and Nature Center. The Lee and Joe Jamail Skatepark is a public skatepark owned and operated by the city of Houston, and is one of the largest skateparks in Texas consisting of 30,000 (2,800 m2) square foot in-ground facility. The Gerald D. Hines Waterwall Park—located in the Uptown District of the city—serves as a popular tourist attraction, weddings, and various celebrations. A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked Houston the 23rd most walkable of the 50 largest cities in the United States. Wet'n'Wild SplashTown is a water park located north of Houston.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What does Houston have the most of compared to other large US cities?
A: parks and green space', "
Q: How many acres of land does Houston's green spaces cover?
A: 19,600", "
Q: Who manages Houston's green spaces?
A: the city", '
Q: What is one of the largest skate parks in Texas?
A: The Lee and Joe Jamail Skatepark', '
Q: Who ranked Houston the 23rd most walkable of the 50 largest cities in the US?
A: Walk Score', '
Q: How many acres of parks does Houston have?
A: 56,405 acres', '
Q: After whom is the Houston skate park named?
A: Joe Jamail', '
Q: Who owns and runs the skate park in Houston?
A: city of Houston', '
Q: For whom was the Uptown District water park in Houston named?
A: Gerald D. Hines', '
Q: How does Houston rank as a walkable city?
A: 23rd']
The city of Houston has a strong mayoral form of municipal government. Houston is a home rule city and all municipal elections in the state of Texas are nonpartisan. The City's elected officials are the mayor, city controller and 16 members of the Houston City Council. The current mayor of Houston is Sylvester Turner, a Democrat elected on a nonpartisan ballot. Houston's mayor serves as the city's chief administrator, executive officer, and official representative, and is responsible for the general management of the city and for seeing that all laws and ordinances are enforced.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who is the current mayor of Houston?
A: Sylvester Turner', '
Q: What form of government does Houston have?
A: strong mayoral form of municipal government', "
Q: Who are Houston's elected officials?
A: the mayor, city controller and 16 members of the Houston City Council", "
Q: What does Houston's mayor also serve as?
A: the city's chief administrator, executive officer, and official representative", "
Q: Besides the general management of the city, Houston's mayor is also responsible for what?
A: seeing that all laws and ordinances are enforced", '
Q: What is the form of city  government in Houston?
A: strong mayoral', '
Q: What type of municipal elections are held in Texas?
A: nonpartisan', '
Q: Besides the mayor and controller, how many members are there on the city council?
A: 16', '
Q: Who is the mayor of Houston since the last election?
A: Sylvester Turner', '
Q: To what political party is Mayor Turner aligned? 
A: Democrat']
The Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area is served by one public television station and two public radio stations. KUHT (HoustonPBS) is a PBS member station and is the first public television station in the United States. Houston Public Radio is listener-funded and comprises two NPR member stations: KUHF (KUHF News) and KUHA (Classical 91.7). KUHF is news/talk radio and KUHA is a classical music station. The University of Houston System owns and holds broadcasting licenses to KUHT, KUHF, and KUHA. The stations broadcast from the Melcher Center for Public Broadcasting, located on the campus of the University of Houston.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the first public television station in the US?
A: KUHT (HoustonPBS)', '
Q: How is Houston Public Radio funded?
A: listener-funded', '
Q: Houston Public Radio us comprised of how many stations?
A: two NPR member stations', '
Q: What stations comprise Houston Public Radio?
A: KUHF (KUHF News) and KUHA (Classical 91.7)', '
Q: Who owns the KUHT, KUHF, and KUHA stations?
A: The University of Houston', "
Q: Which of Houston's television stations was the first public television station in the U.S.?
A: KUHT", '
Q: What kind of radio station is KUHF?
A: news/talk radio', '
Q: What type of radio station is KUHA?
A: classical music', '
Q: Where is the Melcher Center located?
A: University of Houston', '
Q: From what building do the two public radio stations broadcast?
A: Melcher Center for Public Broadcasting']
Houston (i/ˈhjuːstən/ HYOO-stən) is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth most populous city in the United States, located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 2.239 million people, within a land area of 599.6 square miles (1,553 km2), it also is the largest city in the Southern United States, as well as the seat of Harris County. It is the principal city of Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land, which is the fifth most populated metropolitan area in the United States.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where is Houston located?
A: in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico', '
Q: Where is Houston ranked among the most populous cities in the US?
A: fourth', '
Q: What was the population of Houston in 2014?
A: 2.239 million people', '
Q: What is the fifth most populated metropolitan area in the US?
A: Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land', '
Q: What is Houston the principle city of?
A: Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land', '
Q: What is the most populous city in Texas?
A: Houston', '
Q: How does Houston rank as to population in the U.S.?
A: fourth', '
Q: According to the 2014 census, how many people live in Houston?
A: 2.239 million', '
Q: Houston is located in which Texas county?
A: Harris County', '
Q: What is the land are of the City of Houston?
A: 599.6 square miles']
By 1860, Houston had emerged as a commercial and railroad hub for the export of cotton. Railroad spurs from the Texas inland converged in Houston, where they met rail lines to the ports of Galveston and Beaumont. During the American Civil War, Houston served as a headquarters for General John Bankhead Magruder, who used the city as an organization point for the Battle of Galveston. After the Civil War, Houston businessmen initiated efforts to widen the city's extensive system of bayous so the city could accept more commerce between downtown and the nearby port of Galveston. By 1890, Houston was the railroad center of Texas.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What commodity was Houston known for in 1860? 
A: cotton', '
Q: What type of roads converged in Houston?
A: rail lines', '
Q: Which Civil War general used Houston as a headquarters?
A: General John Bankhead Magruder', '
Q: For what battle was Houston used as an organization point ?
A: Battle of Galveston', '
Q: What was Houston known for by 1890?
A: railroad center of Texas']
In August 2005, Houston became a shelter to more than 150,000 people from New Orleans who evacuated from Hurricane Katrina. One month later, approximately 2.5 million Houston area residents evacuated when Hurricane Rita approached the Gulf Coast, leaving little damage to the Houston area. This was the largest urban evacuation in the history of the United States. In September 2008, Houston was hit by Hurricane Ike. As many as forty percent refused to leave Galveston Island because they feared the traffic problems that happened after Hurricane Rita.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What event caused 2.5 million people to evacuate through Houston?
A: Hurricane Rita', '
Q: The evacuation of the Gulf coast before Hurricane Rita was what type of evacuation?
A: largest urban evacuation', '
Q: How many people evacuated to Houston after Hurricane Katrina?
A: 150,000', '
Q: Fearing traffic problems, how many people refused to leave Galveston before Hurricane Ike?
A: forty percent', '
Q: When did Hurricane Ike hit the Houston area?
A: September 2008']
Though Houston is the largest city in the United States without formal zoning regulations, it has developed similarly to other Sun Belt cities because the city's land use regulations and legal covenants have played a similar role. Regulations include mandatory lot size for single-family houses and requirements that parking be available to tenants and customers. Such restrictions have had mixed results. Though some have blamed the city's low density, urban sprawl, and lack of pedestrian-friendliness on these policies, the city's land use has also been credited with having significant affordable housing, sparing Houston the worst effects of the 2008 real estate crisis. The city issued 42,697 building permits in 2008 and was ranked first in the list of healthiest housing markets for 2009.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the largest city in the U.S. without formal zoning?
A: Houston', '
Q: Besides parking requirements, what land use regulations does Houston have?
A: mandatory lot size', "
Q: What is Houston's land use policies credited with producing?
A: affordable housing", '
Q: What serious situation of 2008 was Houston spared?
A: real estate crisis', '
Q: How many building permits were issued in 2008 in Houston?
A: 42,697']
The Houston area is a leading center for building oilfield equipment. Much of its success as a petrochemical complex is due to its busy ship channel, the Port of Houston. In the United States, the port ranks first in international commerce and tenth among the largest ports in the world. Unlike most places, high oil and gasoline prices are beneficial for Houston's economy, as many of its residents are employed in the energy industry. Houston is the beginning or end point of numerous oil, gas, and products pipelines:

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Of what is Houston a center?
A: oilfield equipment', '
Q: What has the Houston ship channel served to promote into success?
A: petrochemical complex', '
Q: Where does the Port of Houston rank in international commerce?
A: first', '
Q: Where does Houston rate in the size ranking of world ports?
A: tenth', '
Q: What lines begin or end in Houston?
A: pipelines']
The Houston Theater District, located downtown, is home to nine major performing arts organizations and six performance halls. It is the second-largest concentration of theater seats in a downtown area in the United States. Houston is one of few United States cities with permanent, professional, resident companies in all major performing arts disciplines: opera (Houston Grand Opera), ballet (Houston Ballet), music (Houston Symphony Orchestra), and theater (The Alley Theatre). Houston is also home to folk artists, art groups and various small progressive arts organizations. Houston attracts many touring Broadway acts, concerts, shows, and exhibitions for a variety of interests. Facilities in the Theater District include the Jones Hall—home of the Houston Symphony Orchestra and Society for the Performing Arts—and the Hobby Center for the Performing Arts.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What area of Houston hosts performing arts?
A: Houston Theater District', '
Q: Of what is Houston second in performing arts?
A: theater seats', '
Q: Besides Jones Hall, what other organization is housed in the Theater District?
A: Hobby Center for the Performing Arts', '
Q: To what type of arts is Houston home?
A: major performing arts', '
Q: To what group is Jones Hall home?
A: Houston Symphony Orchestra']
The Theater District is a 17-block area in the center of downtown Houston that is home to the Bayou Place entertainment complex, restaurants, movies, plazas, and parks. Bayou Place is a large multilevel building containing full-service restaurants, bars, live music, billiards, and Sundance Cinema. The Bayou Music Center stages live concerts, stage plays, and stand-up comedy. Space Center Houston is the official visitors' center of NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. The Space Center has many interactive exhibits including moon rocks, a shuttle simulator, and presentations about the history of NASA's manned space flight program. Other tourist attractions include the Galleria (Texas's largest shopping mall, located in the Uptown District), Old Market Square, the Downtown Aquarium, and Sam Houston Race Park.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How much area of downtown Houston does the Theater District cover?
A: 17-block area', '
Q: What place produces live concerts, plays and comedy?
A: Bayou Music Center', '
Q: Where is Space Center Houston?
A: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center', '
Q: What tourist offerings does the Space Center have?
A: interactive exhibits', '
Q: What is the Galleria the largest of in Texas?
A: shopping mall']