romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
The function of Apollo as a "healer" is connected with Paean (Παιών-Παιήων), the physician of the Gods in the Iliad, who seems to come from a more primitive religion. Paeοn is probably connected with the Mycenean pa-ja-wo-ne (Linear B: 𐀞𐀊𐀍𐀚), but this is not certain. He did not have a separate cult, but he was the personification of the holy magic-song sung by the magicians that was supposed to cure disease. Later the Greeks knew the original meaning of the relevant song "paean" (παιάν). The magicians were also called "seer-doctors" (ἰατρομάντεις), and they used an ecstatic prophetic art which was used exactly by the god Apollo at the oracles.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What were magicians also called?
A: seer-doctors', '
Q: Who is the physician of the Gods in the Iliad?
A: Paean']
Some common epithets of Apollo as a healer are "paion" (παιών, literally "healer" or "helper") "epikourios" (ἐπικουρώ, "help"), "oulios" (οὐλή, "healed wound", also a "scar" ) and "loimios" (λοιμός, "plague"). In classical times, his strong function in popular religion was to keep away evil, and was therefore called "apotropaios" (ἀποτρέπω, "divert", "deter", "avert") and "alexikakos" (from v. ἀλέξω + n. κακόν, "defend from evil"). In later writers, the word, usually spelled "Paean", becomes a mere epithet of Apollo in his capacity as a god of healing.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is a comon epithet of Apollo as a healer?
A: paion', "
Q: In classical times, what was Apollo's strong function in popular religion?
A: keep away evil,", '
Q: What is a word for "defent from evil?"
A: alexikakos']
Homer illustrated Paeon the god, and the song both of apotropaic thanksgiving or triumph.[citation needed] Such songs were originally addressed to Apollo, and afterwards to other gods: to Dionysus, to Apollo Helios, to Apollo's son Asclepius the healer. About the 4th century BCE, the paean became merely a formula of adulation; its object was either to implore protection against disease and misfortune, or to offer thanks after such protection had been rendered. It was in this way that Apollo had become recognised as the god of music. Apollo's role as the slayer of the Python led to his association with battle and victory; hence it became the Roman custom for a paean to be sung by an army on the march and before entering into battle, when a fleet left the harbour, and also after a victory had been won.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Who was Apollo's son?
A: Asclepius", '
Q: About the 4th Century BCE, what became merely a formula of adulation?
A: paean', '
Q: About the 4th Century BCE, what was the object of paean?
A: to implore protection against disease and misfortune']
The connection with Dorians and their initiation festival apellai[clarification needed] is reinforced by the month Apellaios in northwest Greek calendars, but it can explain only the Doric type of the name, which is connected with the Ancient Macedonian word "pella" (Pella), stone. Stones played an important part in the cult of the god, especially in the oracular shrine of Delphi (Omphalos). The "Homeric hymn" represents Apollo as a Northern intruder. His arrival must have occurred during the "Dark Ages" that followed the destruction of the Mycenaean civilization, and his conflict with Gaia (Mother Earth) was represented by the legend of his slaying her daughter the serpent Python.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What does the word Pella mean?
A: stone', '
Q: What represents Apollo as a Northern intruder?
A: Homeric hymn', '
Q: What played an important part in the cult of the god?
A: Stones']
The earth deity had power over the ghostly world, and it is believed that she was the deity behind the oracle. The older tales mentioned two dragons who were perhaps intentionally conflated. A female dragon named Delphyne (δελφύς, "womb"), who is obviously connected with Delphi and Apollo Delphinios, and a male serpent Typhon (τύφειν, "to smoke"), the adversary of Zeus in the Titanomachy, who the narrators confused with Python. Python was the good daemon (ἀγαθὸς δαίμων) of the temple as it appears in Minoan religion, but she was represented as a dragon, as often happens in Northern European folklore as well as in the East.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was the adversary of Zeus in the titanomachy?
A: Typhon', '
Q: Who did the narrator confuse with Phyton?
A: Typhon', '
Q: Who was represented as a dragon?
A: Python']
Apollo and his sister Artemis can bring death with their arrows. The conception that diseases and death come from invisible shots sent by supernatural beings, or magicians is common in Germanic and Norse mythology. In Greek mythology Artemis was the leader (ἡγεμών, "hegemon") of the nymphs, who had similar functions with the Nordic Elves. The "elf-shot" originally indicated disease or death attributed to the elves, but it was later attested denoting stone arrow-heads which were used by witches to harm people, and also for healing rituals.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Who is Apollo's sister?
A: Artemis", '
Q: It was believed that this woman could bring death with her arrows.
A: Artemis', '
Q: In Greek mythology, who was the leader of the nymphs?
A: Artemis']
It seems an oracular cult existed in Delphi from the Mycenaean ages. In historical times, the priests of Delphi were called Labryaden, "the double-axe men", which indicates Minoan origin. The double-axe, labrys, was the holy symbol of the Cretan labyrinth. The Homeric hymn adds that Apollo appeared as a dolphin and carried Cretan priests to Delphi, where they evidently transferred their religious practices. Apollo Delphinios was a sea-god especially worshiped in Crete and in the islands, and his name indicates his connection with Delphi and the holy serpent Delphyne ("womb").[citation needed] Apollo's sister Artemis, who was the Greek goddess of hunting, is identified with Britomartis (Diktynna), the Minoan "Mistress of the animals". In her earliest depictions she is accompanied by the "Mister of the animals", a male god of hunting who had the bow as his attribute. His original name is unknown, but it seems that he was absorbed by the more popular Apollo, who stood by the virgin "Mistress of the Animals", becoming her brother.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the name for "the double-axe men?"
A: Labryaden', '
Q: What is another name for the double-axe?
A: labrys', '
Q: Who was the Minoan "Mistres of the animals?"
A: Britomartis', "
Q: Who was Apollo's sister?
A: Artemis"]
The old oracles in Delphi seem to be connected with a local tradition of the priesthood, and there is not clear evidence that a kind of inspiration-prophecy existed in the temple. This led some scholars to the conclusion that Pythia carried on the rituals in a consistent procedure through many centuries, according to the local tradition. In that regard, the mythical seeress Sibyl of Anatolian origin, with her ecstatic art, looks unrelated to the oracle itself. However, the Greek tradition is referring to the existence of vapours and chewing of laurel-leaves, which seem to be confirmed by recent studies.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who did scholars beieve carried on the rituals in a consistent procedure?
A: Pythia', '
Q: Who is a mythical seeress of Anatoian origin?
A: Sibyl', '
Q: What Greek tradition seems to be confirmed by recent studies?
A: existence of vapours and chewing of laurel-leaves']
Plato describes the priestesses of Delphi and Dodona as frenzied women, obsessed by "mania" (μανία, "frenzy"), a Greek word he connected with mantis (μάντις, "prophet"). Frenzied women like Sibyls from whose lips the god speaks are recorded in the Near East as Mari in the second millennium BC. Although Crete had contacts with Mari from 2000 BC, there is no evidence that the ecstatic prophetic art existed during the Minoan and Mycenean ages. It is more probable that this art was introduced later from Anatolia and regenerated an existing oracular cult that was local to Delphi and dormant in several areas of Greece.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who describes Delphi and Dodona as frenzied women?
A: Plato', '
Q: What two women were said to be obsessed by "mania?"
A: Delphi and Dodona', '
Q: What Greek word is connected with mantis?
A: mania']
A non-Greek origin of Apollo has long been assumed in scholarship. The name of Apollo's mother Leto has Lydian origin, and she was worshipped on the coasts of Asia Minor. The inspiration oracular cult was probably introduced into Greece from Anatolia, which is the origin of Sibyl, and where existed some of the oldest oracular shrines. Omens, symbols, purifications, and exorcisms appear in old Assyro-Babylonian texts, and these rituals were spread into the empire of the Hittites. In a Hittite text is mentioned that the king invited a Babylonian priestess for a certain "purification".

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Who was Apollo's mother?
A: Leto", '
Q: What origin was Leto?
A: Lydian', '
Q: Where was Leto worshipped?
A: Asia Minor', '
Q: What is the origin of Sibyl?
A: Anatolia']
A similar story is mentioned by Plutarch. He writes that the Cretan seer Epimenides purified Athens after the pollution brought by the Alcmeonidae, and that the seer's expertise in sacrifices and reform of funeral practices were of great help to Solon in his reform of the Athenian state. The story indicates that Epimenides was probably heir to the shamanic religions of Asia, and proves, together with the Homeric hymn, that Crete had a resisting religion up to historical times. It seems that these rituals were dormant in Greece, and they were reinforced when the Greeks migrated to Anatolia.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who is the Cretan seer that purified Athen after the pollution brought by the Alcmeonidae?
A: Epimenides', '
Q: Who told the story of the Cretan seer Epimenides?
A: Plutarch', '
Q: What group was probably heir to the shemanic religions of Asia?
A: Epimenides']
Homer pictures Apollo on the side of the Trojans, fighting against the Achaeans, during the Trojan War. He is pictured as a terrible god, less trusted by the Greeks than other gods. The god seems to be related to Appaliunas, a tutelary god of Wilusa (Troy) in Asia Minor, but the word is not complete. The stones found in front of the gates of Homeric Troy were the symbols of Apollo. The Greeks gave to him the name ἀγυιεύς agyieus as the protector god of public places and houses who wards off evil, and his symbol was a tapered stone or column. However, while usually Greek festivals were celebrated at the full moon, all the feasts of Apollo were celebrated at the seventh day of the month, and the emphasis given to that day (sibutu) indicates a Babylonian origin.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was a tutelary god of Wilusa?
A: Appaliunas', '
Q: When were Greek festivals celebrated?
A: at the full moon', '
Q: When were the feasts of Apollo celebrated?
A: seventh day of the month']
The Late Bronze Age (from 1700 to 1200 BCE) Hittite and Hurrian Aplu was a god of plague, invoked during plague years. Here we have an apotropaic situation, where a god originally bringing the plague was invoked to end it. Aplu, meaning the son of, was a title given to the god Nergal, who was linked to the Babylonian god of the sun Shamash. Homer interprets Apollo as a terrible god (δεινὸς θεός) who brings death and disease with his arrows, but who can also heal, possessing a magic art that separates him from the other Greek gods. In Iliad, his priest prays to Apollo Smintheus, the mouse god who retains an older agricultural function as the protector from field rats. All these functions, including the function of the healer-god Paean, who seems to have Mycenean origin, are fused in the cult of Apollo.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What age ran from 1700 to 1200 BCE?
A: The Late Bronze Age', '
Q: Who was a god of plague?
A: Hittite and Hurrian Aplu', '
Q: Who is the mouse God?
A: Apollo Smintheus', '
Q: What word means "the son of?"
A: Aplu']
Unusually among the Olympic deities, Apollo had two cult sites that had widespread influence: Delos and Delphi. In cult practice, Delian Apollo and Pythian Apollo (the Apollo of Delphi) were so distinct that they might both have shrines in the same locality. Apollo's cult was already fully established when written sources commenced, about 650 BCE. Apollo became extremely important to the Greek world as an oracular deity in the archaic period, and the frequency of theophoric names such as Apollodorus or Apollonios and cities named Apollonia testify to his popularity. Oracular sanctuaries to Apollo were established in other sites. In the 2nd and 3rd century CE, those at Didyma and Clarus pronounced the so-called "theological oracles", in which Apollo confirms that all deities are aspects or servants of an all-encompassing, highest deity. "In the 3rd century, Apollo fell silent. Julian the Apostate (359 - 61) tried to revive the Delphic oracle, but failed."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: which two cult sites had widespread infuence?
A: Delos and Delphi', '
Q: Who tried to revive the Delphic oracle?
A: Julian the Apostate', '
Q: In what did Apollo confirm that all deities are aspects of servants of an all-encopassing highest deity?
A: theological oracles']
A lot of temples dedicated to Apollo were built in Greece and in the Greek colonies, and they show the spread of the cult of Apollo, and the evolution of the Greek architecture, which was mostly based on the rightness of form, and on mathematical relations. Some of the earliest temples, especially in Crete, don't belong to any Greek order. It seems that the first peripteral temples were rectangle wooden structures. The different wooden elements were considered divine, and their forms were preserved in the marble or stone elements of the temples of Doric order. The Greeks used standard types, because they believed that the world of objects was a series of typical forms which could be represented in several instances. The temples should be canonic, and the architects were trying to achieve the esthetic perfection. From the earliest times there were certain rules strictly observed in rectangular peripteral and prostyle buildings. The first buildings were narrow to hold the roof, and when the dimensions changed, some mathematical relations became necessary, in order to keep the original forms. This probably influenced the theory of numbers of Pythagoras, who believed that behind the appearance of things, there was the permanent principle of mathematics.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What buildings were originally rectangle wood structures?
A: peripteral temples', '
Q: Why did mathematical relations become necessary?
A: in order to keep the original forms', '
Q: Why were the first buildings narrow?
A: to hold the roof', '
Q: Who believed that behind the appearance of things, there was a permanent principle of mathematics?
A: Pythagoras']
It is also stated that Hera kidnapped Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth, to prevent Leto from going into labor. The other gods tricked Hera into letting her go by offering her a necklace, nine yards (8 m) long, of amber. Mythographers agree that Artemis was born first and then assisted with the birth of Apollo, or that Artemis was born one day before Apollo, on the island of Ortygia and that she helped Leto cross the sea to Delos the next day to give birth to Apollo. Apollo was born on the seventh day (ἑβδομαγενής, hebdomagenes) of the month Thargelion —according to Delian tradition—or of the month Bysios—according to Delphian tradition. The seventh and twentieth, the days of the new and full moon, were ever afterwards held sacred to him.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who kidnapped Eileithyia?
A: Hera', '
Q: Who was the goddess of childbirth?
A: Eileithyia', '
Q: How long was the necklace offered to Hera?
A: nine yards', '
Q: What was the necklace made of?
A: amber', '
Q: What was the day of the new moon?
A: The seventh']
Four days after his birth, Apollo killed the chthonic dragon Python, which lived in Delphi beside the Castalian Spring. This was the spring which emitted vapors that caused the oracle at Delphi to give her prophecies. Hera sent the serpent to hunt Leto to her death across the world. To protect his mother, Apollo begged Hephaestus for a bow and arrows. After receiving them, Apollo cornered Python in the sacred cave at Delphi. Apollo killed Python but had to be punished for it, since Python was a child of Gaia.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the name of the chthonic dragon?
A: Python', '
Q: which spring emitted vapors that caused the oracle at Delphi to give her prophecies?
A: Castalian Spring', "
Q: Who was Apollo's mother?
A: Leto", '
Q: Where did Apollo kill Python?
A: the sacred cave at Delphi. Apollo', '
Q: Who was a parent of Python?
A: Gaia']
When Zeus struck down Apollo's son Asclepius with a lightning bolt for resurrecting Hippolytus from the dead (transgressing Themis by stealing Hades's subjects), Apollo in revenge killed the Cyclopes, who had fashioned the bolt for Zeus. Apollo would have been banished to Tartarus forever for this, but was instead sentenced to one year of hard labor, due to the intercession of his mother, Leto. During this time he served as shepherd for King Admetus of Pherae in Thessaly. Admetus treated Apollo well, and, in return, the god conferred great benefits on Admetus.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Who is Apollo's son?
A: Asclepius", '
Q: Why did Zeus strike down Asclepius with a lightning bolt?
A: for resurrecting Hippolytus from the dead', '
Q: How long was Apollo sentenced for killing Cyclopes?
A: one year of hard labor']
Daphne was a nymph, daughter of the river god Peneus, who had scorned Apollo. The myth explains the connection of Apollo with δάφνη (daphnē), the laurel whose leaves his priestess employed at Delphi. In Ovid's Metamorphoses, Phoebus Apollo chaffs Cupid for toying with a weapon more suited to a man, whereupon Cupid wounds him with a golden dart; simultaneously, however, Cupid shoots a leaden arrow into Daphne, causing her to be repulsed by Apollo. Following a spirited chase by Apollo, Daphne prays to her father, Peneus, for help, and he changes her into the laurel tree, sacred to Apollo.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was the daughter of Peneus?
A: Daphne', "
Q: Who is Daphne's father?
A: Peneus", '
Q: Who shot Daphne with a leaden arrow?
A: Cupid']
Leucothea was daughter of Orchamus and sister of Clytia. She fell in love with Apollo who disguised himself as Leucothea's mother to gain entrance to her chambers. Clytia, jealous of her sister because she wanted Apollo for herself, told Orchamus the truth, betraying her sister's trust and confidence in her. Enraged, Orchamus ordered Leucothea to be buried alive. Apollo refused to forgive Clytia for betraying his beloved, and a grieving Clytia wilted and slowly died. Apollo changed her into an incense plant, either heliotrope or sunflower, which follows the sun every day.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Who was Leucothea's mother?
A: Orchamus", "
Q: Who is Leucothea's sister?
A: Clytia", '
Q: Who did Leucothea fall in love with?
A: Leucothea', '
Q: Who ordered Leucothea to be buried alive?
A: Orchamus']
Coronis, was daughter of Phlegyas, King of the Lapiths. Pregnant with Asclepius, Coronis fell in love with Ischys, son of Elatus. A crow informed Apollo of the affair. When first informed he disbelieved the crow and turned all crows black (where they were previously white) as a punishment for spreading untruths. When he found out the truth he sent his sister, Artemis, to kill Coronis (in other stories, Apollo himself had killed Coronis). As a result, he also made the crow sacred and gave them the task of announcing important deaths. Apollo rescued the baby and gave it to the centaur Chiron to raise. Phlegyas was irate after the death of his daughter and burned the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. Apollo then killed him for what he did.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was the daughter of Phlegyas?
A: Coronis', '
Q: Who owas King of the Lapiths?
A: Phlegyas', '
Q: How was Apollo informed of the affair between Coronis and Ischys?
A: A crow', '
Q: Who was the son of Elatus?
A: Ischys']
Hyacinth or Hyacinthus was one of Apollo's male lovers. He was a Spartan prince, beautiful and athletic. The pair was practicing throwing the discus when a discus thrown by Apollo was blown off course by the jealous Zephyrus and struck Hyacinthus in the head, killing him instantly. Apollo is said to be filled with grief: out of Hyacinthus' blood, Apollo created a flower named after him as a memorial to his death, and his tears stained the flower petals with the interjection αἰαῖ, meaning alas. The Festival of Hyacinthus was a celebration of Sparta.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Who was one of Apollo's male lovers?
A: Hyacinthus", '
Q: What hit Hyacinthus in the head, killing him?
A: discus', '
Q: Who blew the discus off course, killing Hyacinthus?
A: Zephyrus', '
Q: What item did Apollo create and name after his lover?
A: flower']
Apollo and the Furies argue about whether the matricide was justified; Apollo holds that the bond of marriage is sacred and Orestes was avenging his father, whereas the Erinyes say that the bond of blood between mother and son is more meaningful than the bond of marriage. They invade his temple, and he says that the matter should be brought before Athena. Apollo promises to protect Orestes, as Orestes has become Apollo's supplicant. Apollo advocates Orestes at the trial, and ultimately Athena rules in favor of Apollo.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who argued about whether the matricide was justified?
A: Apollo and the Furies', '
Q: Who says the bond of blood between mother and son is more meaningfu than the bond of marriage?
A: Erinyes', '
Q: Who holds that the bond of marriage is sacred?
A: Apollo', '
Q: Who was accused of matricide?
A: Orestes']
Once Pan had the audacity to compare his music with that of Apollo, and to challenge Apollo, the god of the kithara, to a trial of skill. Tmolus, the mountain-god, was chosen to umpire. Pan blew on his pipes, and with his rustic melody gave great satisfaction to himself and his faithful follower, Midas, who happened to be present. Then Apollo struck the strings of his lyre. Tmolus at once awarded the victory to Apollo, and all but Midas agreed with the judgment. He dissented and questioned the justice of the award. Apollo would not suffer such a depraved pair of ears any longer, and caused them to become the ears of a donkey.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who challenged Apollo to a trial of skill?
A: Pan', '
Q: Who was a faithful follower of Pan?
A: Midas', '
Q: Who was the mountain-god?
A: Tmolus', '
Q: Who was chosen as umpire of the trial of skill?
A: Tmolus']
After they each performed, both were deemed equal until Apollo decreed they play and sing at the same time. As Apollo played the lyre, this was easy to do. Marsyas could not do this, as he only knew how to use the flute and could not sing at the same time. Apollo was declared the winner because of this. Apollo flayed Marsyas alive in a cave near Celaenae in Phrygia for his hubris to challenge a god. He then nailed Marsyas' shaggy skin to a nearby pine-tree. Marsyas' blood turned into the river Marsyas.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What instrument did Apolo play?
A: lyre', '
Q: What instrument did Marsyas know how to play?
A: flute', '
Q: Who could not sing at the same time he played the flute?
A: Marsyas', "
Q: What is said to have turned into the river Marsyas?
A: Marsyas' blood"]
On the occasion of a pestilence in the 430s BCE, Apollo's first temple at Rome was established in the Flaminian fields, replacing an older cult site there known as the "Apollinare". During the Second Punic War in 212 BCE, the Ludi Apollinares ("Apollonian Games") were instituted in his honor, on the instructions of a prophecy attributed to one Marcius. In the time of Augustus, who considered himself under the special protection of Apollo and was even said to be his son, his worship developed and he became one of the chief gods of Rome.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Where was Apollo's first temple at Rome established?
A: Flaminian fields", '
Q: When was the Second Punic war?
A: 212 BCE', '
Q: What is another name for the Ludi Apollinares?
A: Apollonian Games']