romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Further along these lines, The ethical problems brought up by IP rights are most pertinent when it is socially valuable goods like life-saving medicines are given IP protection. While the application of IP rights can allow companies to charge higher than the marginal cost of production in order to recoup the costs of research and development, the price may exclude from the market anyone who cannot afford the cost of the product, in this case a life-saving drug. "An IPR driven regime is therefore not a regime that is conductive to the investment of R&D of products that are socially valuable to predominately poor populations".:1108–9

Questions and answers:
["
Q: For what type of goods are IP's ethical problems most pertinent?
A: socially valuable", '
Q: What is an example of socially valuable goods?
A: life-saving medicines', '
Q: What cost does IP rights allow companies to charge higher than?
A: the marginal cost of production', '
Q: Who might a higher price exclude from the market?
A: anyone who cannot afford the cost of the product']
Another limitation of current U.S. Intellectual Property legislation is its focus on individual and joint works; thus, copyright protection can only be obtained in 'original' works of authorship. This definition excludes any works that are the result of community creativity, for example Native American songs and stories; current legislation does not recognize the uniqueness of indigenous cultural "property" and its ever-changing nature. Simply asking native cultures to 'write down' their cultural artifacts on tangible mediums ignores their necessary orality and enforces a Western bias of the written form as more authoritative.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What type of creativity is excluded from the US definition of IP?
A: community creativity', '
Q: What doesn\'t current US IP law recognize the uniqueness of?
A: indigenous cultural "property"', '
Q: Requiring written records enforces what kind of bias?
A: Western', '
Q: The Western bias is that what form is more authoritative?
A: written']
Also with respect to copyright, the American film industry helped to change the social construct of intellectual property via its trade organization, the Motion Picture Association of America. In amicus briefs in important cases, in lobbying before Congress, and in its statements to the public, the MPAA has advocated strong protection of intellectual-property rights. In framing its presentations, the association has claimed that people are entitled to the property that is produced by their labor. Additionally Congress's awareness of the position of the United States as the world's largest producer of films has made it convenient to expand the conception of intellectual property. These doctrinal reforms have further strengthened the industry, lending the MPAA even more power and authority.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is the American film industry's trade organization?
A: Motion Picture Association of America", "
Q: The Motion Picture Association of America is which industry's trade organization?
A: film", "
Q: Which country is the world's largest producer of films?
A: United States", '
Q: The MPAA has advocated strong protection of what kind of rights?
A: intellectual-property']
The growth of the Internet, and particularly distributed search engines like Kazaa and Gnutella, have represented a challenge for copyright policy. The Recording Industry Association of America, in particular, has been on the front lines of the fight against copyright infringement, which the industry calls "piracy". The industry has had victories against some services, including a highly publicized case against the file-sharing company Napster, and some people have been prosecuted for sharing files in violation of copyright. The electronic age has seen an increase in the attempt to use software-based digital rights management tools to restrict the copying and use of digitally based works. Laws such as the Digital Millennium Copyright Act have been enacted, that use criminal law to prevent any circumvention of software used to enforce digital rights management systems. Equivalent provisions, to prevent circumvention of copyright protection have existed in EU for some time, and are being expanded in, for example, Article 6 and 7 the Copyright Directive. Other examples are Article 7 of the Software Directive of 1991 (91/250/EEC), and the Conditional Access Directive of 1998 (98/84/EEC). This can hinder legal uses, affecting public domain works, limitations and exceptions to copyright, or uses allowed by the copyright holder. Some copyleft licenses, like GNU GPL 3, are designed to counter that. Laws may permit circumvention under specific conditions like when it is necessary to achieve interoperability with the circumventor's program, or for accessibility reasons; however, distribution of circumvention tools or instructions may be illegal.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What does the recording industry call piracy?
A: copyright infringement', '
Q: What type of company was Napster?
A: file-sharing', '
Q: What law enforces digital rights management systems?
A: Digital Millennium Copyright Act', '
Q: Which articles of the EU Copyright Directive address circumvention of copyright protection?
A: Article 6 and 7', '
Q: When was the Conditional Access Directive passed in the EU?
A: 1998']
In the context of trademarks, this expansion has been driven by international efforts to harmonise the definition of "trademark", as exemplified by the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ratified in 1994, which formalized regulations for IP rights that had been handled by common law, or not at all, in member states. Pursuant to TRIPs, any sign which is "capable of distinguishing" the products or services of one business from the products or services of another business is capable of constituting a trademark.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights ratified?
A: 1994', '
Q: What type of law handled IP rights before 1994 in TRIP signatories?
A: common law', '
Q: What type of IP did the TRIP agreement harmonize the definition of?
A: trademark', "
Q: What is any sign which is capable of distinguishing one business's product from another business's?
A: a trademark"]
Florida i/ˈflɒrɪdə/ (Spanish for "flowery land") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and the sovereign state of Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the United States. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is the eighth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Tallahassee is the state capital.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What does Florida stand for 
A: Florida i/ˈflɒrɪdə/ (Spanish for "flowery land")', '
Q: What states border Florida 
A: to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida', '
Q: What is the state capital of Florida 
A: Tallahassee is the state capital', '
Q: Where does Florida rank in US population 
A: the 3rd most populous', '
Q: What city has the most people in Florida 
A: Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida']
A peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida, it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. The American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the longest Contiguous Coastline in the US 
A: it has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, approximately 1,350 miles', '
Q: What level is most of the land in florida 
A: Much of the state is at or near sea level', '
Q: What is the florida climate 
A: The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south', '
Q: Some animals and reptiles native to Florida 
A: American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee', '
Q: Name a National Park in Florida 
A: Everglades National Park']
"By May 1539, Conquistador Hernando de Soto skirted the coast of Florida, searching for a deep harbor to land. He described seeing a thick wall of red mangroves spread mile after mile, some reaching as high as 70 feet (21 m), with intertwined and elevated roots making landing difficult. Very soon, 'many smokes' appeared 'along the whole coast', billowing against the sky, when the Native ancestors of the Seminole spotted the newcomers and spread the alarm by signal fires". The Spanish introduced Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language, and more to Florida.[full citation needed] Both the Spanish and French established settlements in Florida, with varying degrees of success. In 1559, Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano established a colony at present-day Pensacola, one of the first European settlements in the continental United States, but it was abandoned by 1561.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What conquistador landed in Florida in 1539 
A: Hernando de Soto', '
Q: Who established early settlements in Florida 
A: Both the Spanish and French established settlements', '
Q: Who established 1 of the first Us settlements in Florida 
A: Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano', '
Q: What people were discovered by early settlers of Florida 
A: Native ancestors of the Seminole', '
Q: What did Spanish settlers introduce to Florida 
A: Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language, and more']
In 1763, Spain traded Florida to the Kingdom of Great Britain for control of Havana, Cuba, which had been captured by the British during the Seven Years' War. It was part of a large expansion of British territory following the country's victory in the Seven Years' War. Almost the entire Spanish population left, taking along most of the remaining indigenous population to Cuba. The British soon constructed the King's Road connecting St. Augustine to Georgia. The road crossed the St. Johns River at a narrow point, which the Seminole called Wacca Pilatka and the British named "Cow Ford", both names ostensibly reflecting the fact that cattle were brought across the river there.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did Spain trade Florida for
A: In 1763, Spain traded Florida to the Kingdom of Great Britain for control of Havana, Cuba', '
Q: Who did the Spanish take from Florida to Cuba 
A: Almost the entire Spanish population left, taking along most of the remaining indigenous population to Cuba', "
Q: What road did the British construct 
A: the King's Road connecting St. Augustine to Georgia", '
Q: What river does the Kings road cross 
A: the St. Johns River']
The British divided Florida into the two colonies of British East Florida and British West Florida. The British government gave land grants to officers and soldiers who had fought in the French and Indian War in order to encourage settlement. In order to induce settlers to move to the two new colonies reports of the natural wealth of Florida were published in England. A large number of British colonists who were "energetic and of good character" moved to Florida, mostly coming from South Carolina, Georgia and England though there was also a group of settlers who came from the colony of Bermuda. This would be the first permanent English-speaking population in what is now Duval County, Baker County, St. Johns County and Nassau County. The British built good public roads and introduced the cultivation of sugar cane, indigo and fruits as well the export of lumber.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What were the names of the 2 British colony's in Florida 
A: British East Florida and British West Florida", '
Q: Who was given Florida land grants 
A: officers and soldiers who had fought in the French and Indian War in order to encourage settlement', '
Q: Where did a large number of British Colonist come to florida from 
A: coming from South Carolina, Georgia and England though there was also a group of settlers who came from the colony of Bermuda', '
Q: The first Permanent Colony in Florida is Now known as 
A: what is now Duval County, Baker County, St. Johns County and Nassau County', '
Q: What did the Colonist cultivate 
A: the cultivation of sugar cane, indigo and fruits as well the export of lumber']
As a result of these initiatives northeastern Florida prospered economically in a way it never did under Spanish rule. Furthermore, the British governors were directed to call general assemblies as soon as possible in order to make laws for the Floridas and in the meantime they were, with the advice of councils, to establish courts. This would be the first introduction of much of the English-derived legal system which Florida still has today including trial by jury, habeas corpus and county-based government. Neither East Florida nor West Florida would send any representatives to Philadelphia to draft the Declaration of Independence. Florida would remain a Loyalist stronghold for the duration of the American Revolution.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What legal system was introduced by the British in Florida 
A: British governors were directed to call general assemblies', '
Q: Did Florida send Representatives to Philadelphia for the Declaration of Independence 
A: Neither East Florida nor West Florida would send any representatives to Philadelphia to draft the Declaration of Independence', '
Q: Who did Florida side with during the revolution
A: Florida would remain a Loyalist stronghold for the duration of the American Revolution.', '
Q: What legal system is still used by florida 
A: English-derived legal system which Florida still has today including trial by jury, habeas corpus and county-based government']
Americans of English descent and Americans of Scots-Irish descent began moving into northern Florida from the backwoods of Georgia and South Carolina. Though technically not allowed by the Spanish authorities, the Spanish were never able to effectively police the border region and the backwoods settlers from the United States would continue to migrate into Florida unchecked. These migrants, mixing with the already present British settlers who had remained in Florida since the British period, would be the progenitors of the population known as Florida Crackers.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where did English and Scotch Irish descent move to Florida from 
A: English descent and Americans of Scots-Irish descent began moving into northern Florida from the backwoods of Georgia and South Carolina', '
Q: Backwoods settlers of Northern Florida are known as 
A: Florida Crackers', '
Q: Were the Spanish able to police the backwoods settlements 
A: Spanish were never able to effectively police the border region and the backwoods settlers']
These American settlers established a permanent foothold in the area and ignored Spanish officials. The British settlers who had remained also resented Spanish rule, leading to a rebellion in 1810 and the establishment for ninety days of the so-called Free and Independent Republic of West Florida on September 23. After meetings beginning in June, rebels overcame the Spanish garrison at Baton Rouge (now in Louisiana), and unfurled the flag of the new republic: a single white star on a blue field. This flag would later become known as the "Bonnie Blue Flag".

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What led to the rebellion in 1810 
A: Spanish rule', '
Q: What did the rebellion lead to 
A: the so-called Free and Independent Republic of West Florida on September 23', '
Q: What is known as the Bonnie Blue Flag
A: a single white star on a blue field', '
Q: What did the rebels overthrow during the rebellion
A: Spanish garrison at Baton Rouge']
Seminole Indians based in East Florida began raiding Georgia settlements, and offering havens for runaway slaves. The United States Army led increasingly frequent incursions into Spanish territory, including the 1817–1818 campaign against the Seminole Indians by Andrew Jackson that became known as the First Seminole War. The United States now effectively controlled East Florida. Control was necessary according to Secretary of State John Quincy Adams because Florida had become "a derelict open to the occupancy of every enemy, civilized or savage, of the United States, and serving no other earthly purpose than as a post of annoyance to them.".

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where did Seminole Indians raid 
A: Seminole Indians based in East Florida began raiding Georgia settlements', '
Q: Who did the Indians offer haven to
A: runaway slaves', '
Q: What is the first Incursion led by Jackson known as now 
A: First Seminole War', '
Q: Why did the US president say the Incursion of Florida was neccessary
A: orida had become "a derelict open to the occupancy of every enemy, civilized or savage']
Florida had become a burden to Spain, which could not afford to send settlers or garrisons. Madrid therefore decided to cede the territory to the United States through the Adams-Onís Treaty, which took effect in 1821. President James Monroe was authorized on March 3, 1821 to take possession of East Florida and West Florida for the United States and provide for initial governance. Andrew Jackson served as military governor of the newly acquired territory, but only for a brief period. On March 30, 1822, the United States merged East Florida and part of West Florida into the Florida Territory.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Why did Madrid cede the territory to the US 
A: Florida had become a burden to Spain, which could not afford to send settlers or garrisons', '
Q: What was the name of the treaty which ceded florida to the US 
A: Adams-Onís Treaty, which took effect in 1821', '
Q: Which president was given control of Florida 
A: James Monroe was authorized on March 3, 1821 to take possession of East Florida and West Florida for the United States and provide for initial governance', '
Q: When did East and West Florida Merge 
A: On March 30, 1822, the United States merged East Florida and part of West Florida into the Florida Territory']
By the early 1800s, Indian removal was a significant issue throughout the southeastern U.S. and also in Florida. In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act and as settlement increased, pressure grew on the United States government to remove the Indians from Florida. Seminoles harbored runaway blacks, known as the Black Seminoles, and clashes between whites and Indians grew with the influx of new settlers. In 1832, the Treaty of Payne's Landing promised to the Seminoles lands west of the Mississippi River if they agreed to leave Florida. Many Seminole left at this time.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What was an issue in the early 1800's 
A: Indian removal was a significant issue", '
Q: What did congress pass in 1830 
A: In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act', '
Q: Who did Seminoles harbor 
A: runaway blacks, known as the Black Seminoles', "
Q: What was the name of the treaty of 1832
A: Treaty of Payne's Landing", '
Q: What did Paynes Landing promiss
A: the Seminoles lands west of the Mississippi River if they agreed to leave Florida. Many Seminole left at this time.']
The climate of Florida is tempered somewhat by the fact that no part of the state is distant from the ocean. North of Lake Okeechobee, the prevalent climate is humid subtropical (Köppen: Cfa), while areas south of the lake (including the Florida Keys) have a true tropical climate (Köppen: Aw). Mean high temperatures for late July are primarily in the low 90s Fahrenheit (32–34 °C). Mean low temperatures for early to mid January range from the low 40s Fahrenheit (4–7 °C) in northern Florida to above 60 °F (16 °C) from Miami on southward. With an average daily temperature of 70.7 °F (21.5 °C), it is the warmest state in the country.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What tempers the Florida Climate 
A: somewhat by the fact that no part of the state is distant from the ocean', '
Q: What divides Florida two climates 
A: Lake Okeechobee', "
Q: What are Florida's Mean temperatures in  late July 
A: Mean high temperatures for late July are primarily in the low 90s", '
Q: Low temperatures in Florida average 
A: mid January range from the low 40s Fahrenheit (4–7 °C) in northern Florida to above 60 °F (16 °C) from Miami on southward', '
Q: The average daily temperature in Miami
A: With an average daily temperature of 70.7 °F (21.5 °C), it is the warmest state in the country']
Florida's nickname is the "Sunshine State", but severe weather is a common occurrence in the state. Central Florida is known as the lightning capital of the United States, as it experiences more lightning strikes than anywhere else in the country. Florida has one of the highest average precipitation levels of any state, in large part because afternoon thunderstorms are common in much of the state from late spring until early autumn. A narrow eastern part of the state including Orlando and Jacksonville receives between 2,400 and 2,800 hours of sunshine annually. The rest of the state, including Miami, receives between 2,800 and 3,200 hours annually.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is Florida's nickname 
A: Sunshine State", '
Q: What is central Florida known as 
A: lightning capital of the United States', '
Q: Hours of annual sunshine in florida 
A: 2,400 and 2,800 hours of sunshine annually. The rest of the state, including Miami, receives between 2,800 and 3,200 hours annually']
Hurricanes pose a severe threat each year during the June 1 to November 30 hurricane season, particularly from August to October. Florida is the most hurricane-prone state, with subtropical or tropical water on a lengthy coastline. Of the category 4 or higher storms that have struck the United States, 83% have either hit Florida or Texas. From 1851 to 2006, Florida was struck by 114 hurricanes, 37 of them major—category 3 and above. It is rare for a hurricane season to pass without any impact in the state by at least a tropical storm.[citation needed]

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What posses a threat each year to Florida 
A: Hurricanes pose a severe threat', '
Q: What percentage of category 4 storms hit Florida 
A: category 4 or higher storms that have struck the United States, 83% have either hit Florida or Texas', '
Q: How many storms hit Florida from 1851 to 2006 
A: Florida was struck by 114']
Extended systems of underwater caves, sinkholes and springs are found throughout the state and supply most of the water used by residents. The limestone is topped with sandy soils deposited as ancient beaches over millions of years as global sea levels rose and fell. During the last glacial period, lower sea levels and a drier climate revealed a much wider peninsula, largely savanna. The Everglades, an enormously wide, slow-flowing river encompasses the southern tip of the peninsula. Sinkhole damage claims on property in the state exceeded a total of $2 billion from 2006 through 2010.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is found in Florida 
A: Extended systems of underwater caves, sinkholes and springs', '
Q: What did the last glacial period provide 
A: lower sea levels and a drier climate revealed a much wider peninsula, largely savanna.', '
Q: What are the Everglades 
A: an enormously wide, slow-flowing river encompasses the southern tip of the peninsula', '
Q: How much sink hole damage did Florida suffer recently 
A: Sinkhole damage claims on property in the state exceeded a total of $2 billion from 2006 through 2010']