romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Since the introduction of league football, most club sides play a number of friendlies before the start of each season (called pre-season friendlies). Friendly football matches are considered to be non-competitive and are only used to "warm up" players for a new season/competitive match. There is generally nothing competitive at stake and some rules may be changed or experimented with (such as unlimited substitutions, which allow teams to play younger, less experienced, players, and no cards). Although most friendlies are simply one-off matches arranged by the clubs themselves, in which a certain amount is paid by the challenger club to the incumbent club, some teams do compete in short tournaments, such as the Emirates Cup, Teresa Herrera Trophy and the Amsterdam Tournament. Although these events may involve sponsorship deals and the awarding of a trophy and may even be broadcast on television, there is little prestige attached to them.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When do football clubs still play friendlies?
A: before the start of each season', '
Q: What type of football matches are non-competitive?
A: friendlies', '
Q: What do some friendlies change the rules to make unlimited?
A: substitutions', '
Q: What are some examples of friendly short football tournaments?
A: the Emirates Cup, Teresa Herrera Trophy and the Amsterdam Tournament', '
Q: What do friendly short football tournaments have little of?
A: prestige']
International teams also play friendlies, generally in preparation for the qualifying or final stages of major tournaments. This is essential, since national squads generally have much less time together in which to prepare. The biggest difference between friendlies at the club and international levels is that international friendlies mostly take place during club league seasons, not between them. This has on occasion led to disagreement between national associations and clubs as to the availability of players, who could become injured or fatigued in a friendly.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What do friendlies help international teams prepare for?
A: the qualifying or final stages of major tournaments', '
Q: Which type of team lacks time to prepare for tournaments?
A: national squads', "
Q: What do international leagues' friendlies happen in the middle of?
A: club league seasons", '
Q: What concern has caused national associations and clubs to disagree about friendlies?
A: availability of players, who could become injured or fatigued']
International friendlies give team managers the opportunity to experiment with team selection and tactics before the tournament proper, and also allow them to assess the abilities of players they may potentially select for the tournament squad. Players can be booked in international friendlies, and can be suspended from future international matches based on red cards or accumulated yellows in a specified period. Caps and goals scored also count towards a player's career records. In 2004, FIFA ruled that substitutions by a team be limited to six per match in international friendlies, in response to criticism that such matches were becoming increasingly farcical with managers making as many as 11 substitutions per match.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What do friendlies allow managers to experiment with?
A: team selection and tactics', '
Q: What can happen to players who get red or yellow cards in friendlies?
A: suspended from future international matches', "
Q: What kind of record do players' goals in friendlies count for?
A: career", '
Q: When did FIFA decide to limit substitutions in international friendlies?
A: 2004', '
Q: What absurd number of substitutions had some international teams been making in friendlies before 2004?
A: 11']
In the UK and Ireland, "exhibition match" and "friendly match" refer to two different types of matches. The types described above as friendlies are not termed exhibition matches, while annual all-star matches such as those held in the US Major League Soccer or Japan's Japanese League are called exhibition matches rather than friendly matches. A one-off match for charitable fundraising, usually involving one or two all-star teams, or a match held in honor of a player for contribution to his/her club, may also be described as exhibition matches but they are normally referred to as charity matches and testimonial matches respectively.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where are "exhibition match" and "friendly match" not synonymous?
A: the UK and Ireland', "
Q: What are two examples of leagues holding all-star exhibition matches?
A: US Major League Soccer or Japan's Japanese League", "
Q: What are 'friendlies' for charity usually called in the UK?
A: charity matches", "
Q: What are 'friendlies' to honor a player usually called in the UK?
A: testimonial matches"]
Under the 1995–2004 National Hockey League collective bargaining agreement, teams were limited to nine preseason games. From 1975 to 1991, NHL teams sometimes played exhibition games against teams from the Soviet Union in the Super Series, and in 1978, played against World Hockey Association teams also in preseason training. Like the NFL, the NHL sometimes schedules exhibition games for cities without their own NHL teams, often at a club's minor league affiliate (e.g. Carolina Hurricanes games at Time Warner Cable Arena in Charlotte, home of their AHL affiliate; Los Angeles Kings games at Citizens Business Bank Arena in Ontario, California, home of their ECHL affiliate; Montreal Canadiens games at Colisée Pepsi in Quebec City, which has no pro hockey but used to have an NHL team until 1995; Washington Capitals at 1st Mariner Arena in the Baltimore Hockey Classic; various Western Canada teams at Credit Union Centre in Saskatoon, a potential NHL expansion venue). Since the 2000s, some preseason games have been played in Europe against European teams, as part of the NHL Challenge and NHL Premiere series. In addition to the standard preseason, there also exist prospect tournaments such as the Vancouver Canucks' YoungStars tournament and the Detroit Red Wings' training camp, in which NHL teams' younger prospects face off against each other under their parent club's banner.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did the NFL limit teams to 9 preseason games?
A: 1995–2004', "
Q: What country's teams did US teams sometimes play exhibition games against in the 1980s?
A: Soviet Union", '
Q: In what year did the NHL play against World Hockey Association teams?
A: 1978', '
Q: Where is Time Warner Cable Arena?
A: Charlotte', '
Q: What hockey arena is in Ontario, California?
A: Citizens Business Bank Arena']
The Flying Fathers, a Canadian group of Catholic priests, regularly toured North America playing exhibition hockey games for charity. One of the organization's founders, Les Costello, was a onetime NHL player who was ordained as a priest after retiring from professional hockey. Another prominent exhibition hockey team is the Buffalo Sabres Alumni Hockey Team, which is composed almost entirely of retired NHL players, the majority of whom (as the name suggests) played at least a portion of their career for the Buffalo Sabres.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What nationality is the Flying Fathers team?
A: Canadian', '
Q: What religion is the Flying Fathers team?
A: Catholic', '
Q: Who founded the Flying Fathers?
A: Les Costello', '
Q: What league were most members of the Buffalo Sabres Alumni Hockey Team from?
A: NHL', '
Q: Where are the Saores based?
A: Buffalo']
The Major League Baseball's preseason is also known as spring training. All MLB teams maintain a spring-training base in Arizona or Florida. The teams in Arizona make up the Cactus League, while the teams in Florida play in the Grapefruit League. Each team plays about 30 preseason games against other MLB teams. They may also play exhibitions against a local college team or a minor-league team from their farm system. Some days feature the team playing two games with two different rosters evenly divided up, which are known as "split-squad" games.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which states do MLB teams do spring training in?
A: Arizona or Florida', '
Q: What is the MLB preseason league in Arizona called?
A: Cactus League', '
Q: What is the MLB preseason league in Florida called?
A: Grapefruit League', '
Q: How many preseason games does each MLB team play?
A: about 30', '
Q: What is it called when an MLB team plays two preseason games in one day with different rosters?
A: "split-squad" games']
Several MLB teams used to play regular exhibition games during the year against nearby teams in the other major league, but regular-season interleague play has made such games unnecessary. The two Canadian MLB teams, the Toronto Blue Jays of the American League and the Montreal Expos of the National League, met annually to play the Pearson Cup exhibition game; this tradition ended when the Expos moved to Washington DC for the 2005 season. Similarly, the New York Yankees played in the Mayor's Trophy Game against various local rivals from 1946 to 1983.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What development has made it unnecessary for MLB teams to play exhibition games with teams from other leagues?
A: regular-season interleague play', '
Q: What league are the Toronto Bluejays in?
A: American League', '
Q: What league are the Montreal Expos in?
A: National League', '
Q: What game do the Bluejays play against the Expos?
A: the Pearson Cup', "
Q: When did the Mayor's Trophy Game end?
A: 1983"]
It also used to be commonplace to have a team play an exhibition against Minor League affiliates during the regular season, but worries of injuries to players, along with travel issues, have made this very rare. Exhibitions between inter-city teams in different leagues, like Chicago's Crosstown Classic and New York's Subway Series which used to be played solely as exhibitions for bragging rights are now blended into interleague play. The annual MLB All-Star Game, played in July between players from AL teams and players from NL teams, was long considered an exhibition match, but as of 2003 this status was questioned because the league whose team wins the All-Star game has been awarded home field advantage for the upcoming World Series.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What concerns have reduced Minor League exhibition games?
A: worries of injuries to players, along with travel issues', '
Q: What inter-city exhibition game did Chicago have?
A: Crosstown Classic', '
Q: What inter-city exhibition game did New York have?
A: Subway Series', '
Q: In what month is the MLB All-Star Game held?
A: July', '
Q: What did the MLB All-Star winning team gain in the World Series?
A: home field advantage']
National Basketball Association teams play eight preseason games per year. Today, NBA teams almost always play each other in the preseason, but mainly at neutral sites within their market areas in order to allow those who can't usually make a trip to a home team's arena during the regular season to see a game close to home; for instance the Minnesota Timberwolves will play games in arenas in North Dakota and South Dakota, while the Phoenix Suns schedule one exhibition game outdoors at Indian Wells Tennis Garden in Indian Wells, California yearly, the only such instance an NBA game takes place in an outdoor venue.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many preseason games do NBA teams play?
A: eight', '
Q: Where are the TImberwolves based?
A: Minnesota', '
Q: Where are the Suns based?
A: Phoenix', "
Q: The Suns' exhibition game in Indian Wells, CA is the only time an NBA game is played in what setting?
A: an outdoor venue", '
Q: What venue do the Suns play at in Indian Wells?
A: Indian Wells Tennis Garden']
However, from 1971 to 1975, NBA teams played preseason exhibitions against American Basketball Association teams. In the early days of the NBA, league clubs sometimes challenged the legendary barnstorming Harlem Globetrotters, with mixed success. The NBA has played preseason games in Europe and Asia. In the 2006 and 2007 seasons, the NBA and the primary European club competition, the Euroleague, conducted a preseason tournament featuring two NBA teams and the finalists from that year's Euroleague.[citation needed] In the 1998-99 and 2011-12 seasons, teams were limited to only two preseason games due to lockouts.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did the NBA play preseason games against the ABA?
A: 1971 to 1975', '
Q: What legendary team did the NBA sometimes formerly play against?
A: Harlem Globetrotters', '
Q: On what continents have NBA teams played preseason games outside the US?
A: Europe and Asia', '
Q: How many preseason games were NBA teams limited to in the 2011-12 season?
A: two', '
Q: What is the main European basketball club?
A: the Euroleague']
Traditionally, major college basketball teams began their seasons with a few exhibition games. They played travelling teams made up of former college players on teams such as Athletes in Action or a team sponsored by Marathon Oil. On occasion before 1992, when FIBA allowed professional players on foreign national teams, colleges played those teams in exhibitions. However, in 2003, the National Collegiate Athletic Association banned games with non-college teams. Some teams have begun scheduling exhibition games against teams in NCAA Division II and NCAA Division III, or even against colleges and universities located in Canada. Major college basketball teams still travel to other countries during the summer to play in exhibition games, although a college team is allowed one foreign tour every four years, and a maximum of ten games in each tour.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is an example of a corporate sponsor of a basketball team?
A: Marathon Oil', '
Q: What is an example of a team of former college players?
A: Athletes in Action', '
Q: When did the FIBA stop allowing pros on foreign national teams?
A: 1992', '
Q: When did the NCAA decide college teams could only play other college teams?
A: 2003', '
Q: How often does the NCAA allow college teams to go overseas?
A: one foreign tour every four years']
Compared to other team sports, the National Football League preseason is very structured. Every NFL team plays exactly four pre-season exhibition games a year, two at home and two away, with the exception of two teams each year who play a fifth game, the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game. These exhibition games, most of which are held in the month of August, are played for the purpose of helping coaches narrow down the roster from the offseason limit of 90 players to the regular-season limit of 53 players. While the scheduling formula is not as rigid for preseason games as they are for the regular season, there are numerous restrictions and traditions that limit the choices of preseason opponents; teams are also restricted on what days and times they can play these games. Split-squad games, a practice common in baseball and hockey, where a team that is scheduled to play two games on the same day splits their team into two squads, are prohibited. The NFL has played exhibition games in Europe, Japan, Canada, Australia (including the American Bowl in 1999) and Mexico to spread the league's popularity (a game of this type was proposed for China but, due to financial and logistical problems, was eventually canceled). The league has tacitly forbidden the playing of non-league opponents, with the last interleague game having come in 1972 and the last game against a team other than an NFL team (the all-NFL rookie College All-Stars) was held in 1976. Exhibition games are quite unpopular with many fans, who resent having to pay regular-season prices for two home exhibition games as part of a season-ticket package. Numerous lawsuits have been brought by fans and classes of fans against the NFL or its member teams regarding this practice, but none have been successful in halting it.[citation needed] The Pro Bowl, traditionally played after the end of the NFL season (since 2011 is played the week prior to the Super Bowl), is also considered an exhibition game.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many preseason exhibition games does an NFL team play?
A: four', "
Q: What is the one exception to the NFL's 4-preseason-game limit?
A: the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game", '
Q: What month are most NFL preseason games in?
A: August', '
Q: How many players can an NFL team have in the off-season?
A: 90', '
Q: How many players can an NFL team have in the regular season?
A: 53']
The Arena Football League briefly had a two-game exhibition season in the early 2000s, a practice that ended in 2003 with a new television contract. Exhibition games outside of a structured season are relatively common among indoor American football leagues; because teams switch leagues frequently at that level of play, it is not uncommon to see some of the smaller leagues schedule exhibition games against teams that are from another league, about to join the league as a probational franchise, or a semi-pro outdoor team to fill holes in a schedule.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many exhibition games did the Arena Football League have per year in the early 2000s?
A: two', '
Q: What type of league commonly plays unstructured exhibition games?
A: indoor American football leagues', '
Q: What is a team called that is in the process of joining a league?
A: a probational franchise', '
Q: Indoor league teams sometimes play against what type of outdoor league team?
A: semi-pro']
True exhibition games between opposing colleges at the highest level do not exist in college football; due to the importance of opinion polling in the top level of college football, even exhibition games would not truly be exhibitions because they could influence the opinions of those polled. Intramural games are possible because a team playing against itself leaves little ability for poll participants to make judgments, and at levels below the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), championships are decided by objective formulas and thus those teams can play non-league games without affecting their playoff hopes.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What consideration is more important for college teams than exhibition games?
A: opinion polling', '
Q: What is a game called in which a team plays against itself?
A: Intramural', '
Q: Championships are decided by formulas for college teams below what level?
A: Football Bowl Subdivision']
However, most of the major FBS teams annually schedule early season non-conference preseason home games against lesser opponents that are lower-tier FBS, Football Championship, or Division II schools, which often result in lopsided victories in favor of the FBS teams and act as exhibition games in all but name, though they additionally provide a large appearance fee and at least one guaranteed television appearance for the smaller school. These games also receive the same criticism as NFL exhibition games, but instead it is targeted to schools scheduling low-quality opponents and the simplicity for a team to run up the score against a weak opponent. However, these games are susceptible to backfiring, resulting in damage in poll position and public perception, especially if the higher ranked team loses, although the mere act of scheduling a weak opponent is harmful to a team's overall strength of schedule itself. Games an FBS team schedules against lower division opponents do not count toward the minimum seven wins required for bowl eligibility, and only one game against an FCS team can be counted. With the start of the College Football Playoff system for the 2014 season, major teams are now discouraged from scheduling weaker opponents for their non-conference schedule because of a much higher emphasis on strength of schedule than in the Bowl Championship Series era.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Major FBS teams can have lopsided victories against what kinds of lesser opponents?
A: lower-tier FBS, Football Championship, or Division II schools', '
Q: Why do smaller schools want to play against major FBS teams?
A: a large appearance fee and at least one guaranteed television appearance', '
Q: How many wins are required for an FBS team to be eligible for the bowl?
A: seven', "
Q: How many games between FBS and FCS teams count towards the FBS's bowl eligibility?
A: one", '
Q: When did the College Football Playoff System begin?
A: 2014']
High school football teams frequently participate in controlled scrimmages with other teams during preseason practice, but exhibition games are rare because of league rules and concerns about finances, travel and player injuries, along with enrollments not being registered until the early part of August in most school districts under the traditional September–June academic term. A more common exhibition is the high school football all-star game, which brings together top players from a region. These games are typically played by graduating seniors during the summer or at the end of the season. Many of these games, which include the U.S. Army All-American Bowl and Under Armour All-America Game, are used as showcases for players to be seen by colleges.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When is the usual high school academic term?
A: September–June', '
Q: What is the most common type of high school football exhibition game?
A: all-star', '
Q: What year of players are in high school football all-star games?
A: graduating seniors', '
Q: What are two examples of high school football all-star games?
A: U.S. Army All-American Bowl and Under Armour All-America Game', '
Q: What do high school all-star players hope to be seen by?
A: colleges']
Various auto racing organizations hold exhibition events; these events usually award no championship points to participants, but they do offer prize money to participants. The NASCAR Sprint Cup Series holds two exhibition events annually - the Sprint Unlimited, held at Daytona International Speedway at the start of the season, and the NASCAR Sprint All-Star Race, held at Charlotte Motor Speedway midway through the season. Both events carry a hefty purse of over USD $1,000,000. NASCAR has also held exhibition races at Suzuka Circuit and Twin Ring Motegi in Japan and Calder Park Thunderdome in Australia.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many exhibition events per year does the NASCAR Sprint Cup have?
A: two', '
Q: Where is the Sprint Unlimited held?
A: Daytona International Speedway', '
Q: Where is the Sprint All-Star Race held?
A: Charlotte Motor Speedway', '
Q: What does the winner of the Sprint Unlimited get?
A: over USD $1,000,000', '
Q: Where is Calder Park Thunderdome?
A: Australia']
Strasbourg (/ˈstræzbɜːrɡ/, French pronunciation: ​[stʁaz.buʁ, stʁas.buʁ]; Alsatian: Strossburi; German: Straßburg, [ˈʃtʁaːsbʊɐ̯k]) is the capital and largest city of the Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine (ACAL) region in eastern France and is the official seat of the European Parliament. Located close to the border with Germany, it is the capital of the Bas-Rhin département. The city and the region of Alsace were historically predominantly Alemannic-speaking, hence the city's Germanic name. In 2013, the city proper had 275,718 inhabitants, Eurométropole de Strasbourg (Greater Strasbourg) had 475,934 inhabitants and the Arrondissement of Strasbourg had 482,384 inhabitants. With a population of 768,868 in 2012, Strasbourg's metropolitan area (only the part of the metropolitan area on French territory) is the ninth largest in France and home to 13% of the ACAL region's inhabitants. The transnational Eurodistrict Strasbourg-Ortenau had a population of 915,000 inhabitants in 2014.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the population of Strasbourg in 2012?
A: 768,868', '
Q: What is the population of the transnational Eurodistrict Strasbourg-Ortenau in 2014?
A: 915,000', '
Q: What is the predominant language in the region of Alace?
A: Alemannic', '
Q: What is the largest city in the ACAL region of France?
A: Straßburg', '
Q: Strasbourg has an official seat in what parliament?
A: European', '
Q: Strasbourg has an official seat in what Parliament?
A: European', '
Q: What is the predominant language in Asace?
A: Alemannic', '
Q: What kind of name is Strasbourg?
A: Germanic']