romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
The production arm of the studio still struggled. While there were to be a few hits like The Killers (1946) and The Naked City (1948), Universal-International's new theatrical films often met with disappointing response at the box office. By the late 1940s, Goetz was out, and the studio returned to low-budget films. The inexpensive Francis (1950), the first film of a series about a talking mule and Ma and Pa Kettle (1949), part of a series, became mainstays of the company. Once again, the films of Abbott and Costello, including Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948), were among the studio's top-grossing productions. But at this point Rank lost interest and sold his shares to the investor Milton Rackmil, whose Decca Records would take full control of Universal in 1952. Besides Abbott and Costello, the studio retained the Walter Lantz cartoon studio, whose product was released with Universal-International's films.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year was The Killers produced?
A: 1946', '
Q: What Universal-International film was about a talking mule?
A: Francis', '
Q: In what year was Ma and Pa Kettle made?
A: 1949', '
Q: What Abbott and Costello film was released in 1948?
A: Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein', "
Q: Who bought Rank's share of Universal-International?
A: Milton Rackmil"]
In the 1950s, Universal-International resumed their series of Arabian Nights films, many starring Tony Curtis. The studio also had a success with monster and science fiction films produced by William Alland, with many directed by Jack Arnold. Other successes were the melodramas directed by Douglas Sirk and produced by Ross Hunter, although for film critics they were not so well thought of on first release as they have since become. Among Universal-International's stable of stars were Rock Hudson, Tony Curtis, Jeff Chandler, Audie Murphy, and John Gavin.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Who did many of Universal-International's Arabian Nights films feature?
A: Tony Curtis", '
Q: Who notably produced monster and science fiction films for Universal?
A: William Alland', '
Q: What Universal director was known for his melodramas?
A: Douglas Sirk', '
Q: Who directed monster movies for Universal?
A: Jack Arnold', '
Q: Who produced melodramas for Universal?
A: Ross Hunter']
Though Decca would continue to keep picture budgets lean, it was favored by changing circumstances in the film business, as other studios let their contract actors go in the wake of the 1948 U.S. vs. Paramount Pictures, et al. decision. Leading actors were increasingly free to work where and when they chose, and in 1950 MCA agent Lew Wasserman made a deal with Universal for his client James Stewart that would change the rules of the business. Wasserman's deal gave Stewart a share in the profits of three pictures in lieu of a large salary. When one of those films, Winchester '73, proved to be a hit, the arrangement would become the rule for many future productions at Universal, and eventually at other studios as well.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was a notable talent agent circa 1950?
A: Lew Wasserman', '
Q: What star did Lew Wasserman represent?
A: James Stewart', "
Q: What actor featured in Winchester '73?
A: James Stewart", '
Q: What legal decision resulted in movie studios letting their contract actors go?
A: U.S. vs. Paramount Pictures, et al.']
By the late 1950s, the motion picture business was again changing. The combination of the studio/theater-chain break-up and the rise of television saw the reduced audience size for cinema productions. The Music Corporation of America (MCA), then predominately a talent agency, had also become a powerful television producer, renting space at Republic Studios for its Revue Productions subsidiary. After a period of complete shutdown, a moribund Universal agreed to sell its 360-acre (1.5 km²) studio lot to MCA in 1958, for $11 million, renamed Revue Studios. MCA owned the studio lot, but not Universal Pictures, yet was increasingly influential on Universal's product. The studio lot was upgraded and modernized, while MCA clients like Doris Day, Lana Turner, Cary Grant, and director Alfred Hitchcock were signed to Universal Pictures contracts.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What acronym was the Music Corporation of America known by?
A: MCA', "
Q: Where did MCA's Revue Productions subsidiary rent space?
A: Republic Studios", '
Q: In square kilometers, how large was the lot Universal sold to MCA?
A: 1.5', '
Q: In what year did Universal sell its 360-acre lot to MCA?
A: 1958', "
Q: How much did MCA pay for Universal's 360-acre lot?
A: $11 million"]
The long-awaited takeover of Universal Pictures by MCA, Inc. happened in mid-1962 as part of the MCA-Decca Records merger. The company reverted in name to Universal Pictures. As a final gesture before leaving the talent agency business, virtually every MCA client was signed to a Universal contract. In 1964 MCA formed Universal City Studios, Inc., merging the motion pictures and television arms of Universal Pictures Company and Revue Productions (officially renamed as Universal Television in 1966). And so, with MCA in charge, Universal became a full-blown, A-film movie studio, with leading actors and directors under contract; offering slick, commercial films; and a studio tour subsidiary launched in 1964. Television production made up much of the studio's output, with Universal heavily committed, in particular, to deals with NBC (which later merged with Universal to form NBC Universal; see below) providing up to half of all prime time shows for several seasons. An innovation during this period championed by Universal was the made-for-television movie.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year did MCA take over Universal?
A: 1962', '
Q: What company did MCA create in 1964?
A: Universal City Studios, Inc.', '
Q: What new name was given to Revue Productions in 1966?
A: Universal Television', '
Q: What was the company formed by the merger of Universal and NBC?
A: NBC Universal', '
Q: When did Universal inaugurate its studio tour subsidiary?
A: 1964']
At this time, Hal B. Wallis, who had latterly worked as a major producer at Paramount, moved over to Universal, where he produced several films, among them a lavish version of Maxwell Anderson's Anne of the Thousand Days (1969), and the equally lavish Mary, Queen of Scots (1971). Though neither could claim to be a big financial hit, both films received Academy Award nominations, and Anne was nominated for Best Picture, Best Actor (Richard Burton), Best Actress (Geneviève Bujold), and Best Supporting Actor (Anthony Quayle). Wallis retired from Universal after making the film Rooster Cogburn (1975), a sequel to True Grit (1969), which Wallis had produced at Paramount. Rooster Cogburn co-starred John Wayne, reprising his Oscar-winning role from the earlier film, and Katharine Hepburn, their only film together. The film was only a moderate success.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who produced Anne of the Thousand Days?
A: Hal B. Wallis', '
Q: Who wrote the original work that the film version of Anne of the Thousand Days was based on?
A: Maxwell Anderson', '
Q: In what year was the film version of Mary, Queen of Scots made?
A: 1971', '
Q: Whose performance in Anne of the Thousand Days garnered a Best Actor nod?
A: Richard Burton', '
Q: What was the name of the sequel to True Grit produced by Universal?
A: Rooster Cogburn']
In the early 1970s, Universal teamed up with Paramount Pictures to form Cinema International Corporation, which distributed films by Paramount and Universal worldwide. Though Universal did produce occasional hits, among them Airport (1970), The Sting (1973), American Graffiti (also 1973), Earthquake (1974), and a big box-office success which restored the company's fortunes: Jaws (1975), Universal during the decade was primarily a television studio. When Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer purchased United Artists in 1981, MGM could not drop out of the CIC venture to merge with United Artists overseas operations. However, with future film productions from both names being released through the MGM/UA Entertainment plate, CIC decided to merge UA's international units with MGM and reformed as United International Pictures. There would be other film hits like E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), Back to the Future (1985), Field of Dreams (1989), and Jurassic Park (1993), but the film business was financially unpredictable. UIP began distributing films by start-up studio DreamWorks in 1997, due to connections the founders have with Paramount, Universal, and Amblin Entertainment. In 2001, MGM dropped out of the UIP venture, and went with 20th Century Fox's international arm to handle distribution of their titles to this day.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who partnered with Universal in the creation of Cinema International Corporation?
A: Paramount Pictures', '
Q: In what year was the film Airport made?
A: 1970s', '
Q: What Universal hit film was produced in 1974?
A: Earthquake', '
Q: What company was purchased by MGM in 1981?
A: United Artists', '
Q: When did United International Pictures start distributing films for DreamWorks?
A: 1997']
Anxious to expand the company's broadcast and cable presence, longtime MCA head Lew Wasserman sought a rich partner. He located Japanese electronics manufacturer Matsushita Electric (now known as Panasonic), which agreed to acquire MCA for $6.6 billion in 1990. Meanwhile, around this time, the production subsidiary was renamed Universal Studios Inc., and (in 1990) MCA created MCA/Universal Home Video Inc. for the VHS video cassette (later DVD) sales industry.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was the head of MCA in 1990?
A: Lew Wasserman', '
Q: What is the current name of the company that was called Matsushita Electric in 1990?
A: Panasonic', '
Q: How much did Matsushita Electric pay for MCA?
A: $6.6 billion', '
Q: In what year was MCA/Universal Home Video Inc. created?
A: 1990', '
Q: What was the nationality of Matsushita Electric?
A: Japanese']
Matsushita provided a cash infusion, but the clash of cultures was too great to overcome, and five years later Matsushita sold an 80% stake in MCA/Universal to Canadian drinks distributor Seagram for $5.7 billion. Seagram sold off its stake in DuPont to fund this expansion into the entertainment industry. Hoping to build an entertainment empire around Universal, Seagram bought PolyGram in 1999 and other entertainment properties, but the fluctuating profits characteristic of Hollywood were no substitute for the reliable income stream gained from the previously held shares in DuPont.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What percentage of MCA/Universal did Matsushita Electric sell five years after acquiring the company?
A: 80%', '
Q: To whom did Matsushita sell a large share of MCA/Universal?
A: Seagram', '
Q: How much did Seagram pay to buy a large share of MCA/Universal?
A: $5.7 billion', '
Q: What did Seagram sell to finance their purchase of a share in MCA/Universal?
A: its stake in DuPont', '
Q: What company did Seagram buy in 1999?
A: PolyGram']
To raise money, Seagram head Edgar Bronfman Jr. sold Universal's television holdings, including cable network USA, to Barry Diller (these same properties would be bought back later at greatly inflated prices). In June 2000, Seagram was sold to French water utility and media company Vivendi, which owned StudioCanal; the conglomerate then became known as Vivendi Universal. Afterward, Universal Pictures acquired the United States distribution rights of several of StudioCanal's films, such as Mulholland Drive (which received an Oscar nomination) and Brotherhood of the Wolf (which became the second-highest-grossing French-language film in the United States since 1980). Universal Pictures and StudioCanal also co-produced several films, such as Love Actually (an $40 million-budgeted film that eventually grossed $246 million worldwide). In late 2000, the New York Film Academy was permitted to use the Universal Studios backlot for student film projects in an unofficial partnership.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was the head of Seagram?
A: Edgar Bronfman Jr.', '
Q: Who bought the USA cable network from Seagram?
A: Barry Diller', '
Q: Who bought Seagram in June 2000?
A: Vivendi', '
Q: What was the budget of the film Love Actually?
A: $40 million', '
Q: What StudioCanal film received an Academy Award nomination?
A: Mulholland Drive']
Burdened with debt, in 2004 Vivendi Universal sold 80% of Vivendi Universal Entertainment (including the studio and theme parks) to General Electric, parent of NBC. The resulting media super-conglomerate was renamed NBCUniversal, while Universal Studios Inc. remained the name of the production subsidiary. After that deal, GE owned 80% of NBC Universal; Vivendi held the remaining 20%, with an option to sell its share in 2006. GE purchased Vivendi's share in NBCU in 2011 and in turn sold 51% of the company to cable provider Comcast. Comcast merged the former GE subsidiary with its own cable-television programming assets, creating the current NBCUniversal. Following Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approval, the Comcast-GE deal was closed on Jan 29, 2011. In March 2013, Comcast bought the remaining 49% of NBCUniversal for $16.7 billion.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who bought 80% of Vivendi Universal Entertainment in 2004?
A: General Electric', '
Q: What percentage of NBC Universal was owned by Vivendi until 2011?
A: 20%', '
Q: Who bought 51% of NBC Universal in 2011?
A: Comcast', '
Q: In what month and year did Comcast buy 49% of NBCUniversal?
A: March 2013', '
Q: How much did Comcast pay for 49% of NBCUniversal in 2013?
A: $16.7 billion']
In late 2005, Viacom's Paramount Pictures acquired DreamWorks SKG after acquisition talks between GE and DreamWorks stalled. Universal's long time chairperson, Stacey Snider, left the company in early 2006 to head up DreamWorks. Snider was replaced by then-Vice Chairman Marc Shmuger and Focus Features head David Linde. On October 5, 2009, Marc Shmuger and David Linde were ousted and their co-chairperson jobs consolidated under former president of worldwide marketing and distribution Adam Fogelson becoming the single chairperson. Donna Langley was also upped to co-chairperson. In 2009, Stephanie Sperber founded Universal Partnerships & Licensing within Universal to license consumer products for Universal. In September 2013, Adam Fogelson was ousted as co-chairman of Universal Pictures, promoting Donna Langley to sole-chairman. In addition, NBCUniversal International Chairman, Jeff Shell, would be appointed as Chairman of the newly created Filmed Entertainment Group. Longtime studio head Ron Meyer would give up oversight of the film studio and appointed Vice Chairman of NBCUniversal, providing consultation to CEO Steve Burke on all of the company's operations. Meyers still retains oversight of Universal Parks and Resorts.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year did Paramount Pictures purchase DreamWorks?
A: 2005', '
Q: What Universal chairperson headed DreamWorks as of 2006?
A: Stacey Snider', '
Q: Who became the chairperson in late 2009?
A: Adam Fogelson', '
Q: Who was the founder of Universal Partnerships & Licensing?
A: Stephanie Sperber', '
Q: Who became chairperson of Universal Pictures in September 2013?
A: Donna Langley']
Universal's multi-year film financing deal with Elliott Management expired in 2013. In July 2013, Universal made an agreement with Legendary Pictures to market, co-finance, and distribute Legendary's films for five years starting in 2014, the year that Legendary's similar agreement with Warner Bros. expires.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Universal's deal with what company ended in 2013?
A: Elliott Management", '
Q: With whom did Universal sign a marketing and distribution deal in July 2013?
A: Legendary Pictures', '
Q: How many years is the deal with Legendary Pictures intended to run?
A: five years', "
Q: In what year did Universal's deal with Legendary Pictures begin?
A: 2014"]
In June 2014, Universal Partnerships took over licensing consumer products for NBC and Sprout with expectation that all licensing would eventually be centralized within NBCUniversal. In May 2015, Gramercy Pictures was revived by Focus Features as a genre label, that concentrated on action, sci-fi, and horror films.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What film studio was brought back in May 2015?
A: Gramercy Pictures', '
Q: What division of NBCUniversal revived Gramercy Pictures?
A: Focus Features', '
Q: What genre of films will Gramercy be responsible for creating?
A: action, sci-fi, and horror']
As of 2015, Universal is the only studio to have released three billion-dollar films in one year; this distinction was achieved in 2015 with Furious 7, Jurassic World and Minions.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year did Universal release three billion-dollar films?
A: 2015', '
Q: Along with Jurassic World and Furious 7, what billion-dollar film was released by Universal in 2015?
A: Minions', '
Q: How many studios have released three billion-dollar films in one year?
A: Universal is the only studio']
In the early 1950s, Universal set up its own distribution company in France, and in the late 1960s, the company also started a production company in Paris, Universal Productions France S.A., although sometimes credited by the name of the distribution company, Universal Pictures France. Except for the two first films it produced, Claude Chabrol's Le scandale (English title The Champagne Murders) and Romain Gary's Les oiseaux vont mourir au Pérou (English title Birds in Peru), it was only involved in French or other European co-productions, the most noticeable ones being Louis Malle's Lacombe, Lucien, Bertrand Blier's Les Valseuses (English title Going Places), and Fred Zinnemann's The Day of the Jackal. It was only involved in approximately 20 French film productions. In the early 1970s, the unit was incorporated into the French Cinema International Corporation arm.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the name of the Universal production company based in Paris?
A: Universal Productions France S.A.', "
Q: What was the name of Universal's French distribution company?
A: Universal Pictures France", '
Q: What was the English title of Le scandale?
A: The Champagne Murders', '
Q: Who directed The Day of the Jackal?
A: Fred Zinnemann', '
Q: What film was known in English as Going Places?
A: Les Valseuses']
Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born[N 3] scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is Bell most famous for inventing?
A: telephone', '
Q: What year did Bell die?
A: 1922', '
Q: What was special about his telephone?
A: practical', "
Q: What is Bell's full name?
A: Alexander Graham Bell", '
Q: What is Bell famous for inventing?
A: telephone']
Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone in 1876.[N 4] Bell considered his most famous invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study.[N 5]

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What were his relatives known for working on?
A: elocution and speech', '
Q: What was interesting about his mother and wife?
A: deaf', '
Q: What year did Bell get the patent for his telephone?
A: 1876', '
Q: In what country did Bell patent his telephone?
A: U.S.', '
Q: What did Bell never put in his study?
A: telephone']
Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils and aeronautics. Although Bell was not one of the 33 founders of the National Geographic Society, he had a strong influence on the magazine while serving as the second president from January 7, 1898 until 1903.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many people started the National Geographic Society?
A: 33', '
Q: Bell was the second president of what magazine?
A: National Geographic Society', '
Q: What field did Bell later work in, apart from optical telecommunications and aeronautics?
A: hydrofoils', '
Q: What year did Bell become President of the National Geographic magazine?
A: 1898']
Alexander Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on March 3, 1847. The family home was at 16 South Charlotte Street, and has a stone inscription marking it as Alexander Graham Bell's birthplace. He had two brothers: Melville James Bell (1845–70) and Edward Charles Bell (1848–67), both of whom would die of tuberculosis. His father was Professor Alexander Melville Bell, a phonetician, and his mother was Eliza Grace (née Symonds). Born as just "Alexander Bell", at age 10 he made a plea to his father to have a middle name like his two brothers.[N 6] For his 11th birthday, his father acquiesced and allowed him to adopt the name "Graham", chosen out of respect for Alexander Graham, a Canadian being treated by his father who had become a family friend. To close relatives and friends he remained "Aleck".

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What city was Bell born in?
A: Edinburgh', '
Q: What material marks Bells family  home as his birthplace?
A: stone', '
Q: What disease did his two brothers die of?
A: tuberculosis', '
Q: At what age did Bell ask for a middle name?
A: 10', '
Q: What did those close to him call Bell?
A: Aleck']
As a child, young Bell displayed a natural curiosity about his world, resulting in gathering botanical specimens as well as experimenting even at an early age. His best friend was Ben Herdman, a neighbor whose family operated a flour mill, the scene of many forays. Young Bell asked what needed to be done at the mill. He was told wheat had to be dehusked through a laborious process and at the age of 12, Bell built a homemade device that combined rotating paddles with sets of nail brushes, creating a simple dehusking machine that was put into operation and used steadily for a number of years. In return, John Herdman gave both boys the run of a small workshop in which to "invent".

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What sort of things did Bell collect as a child?
A: botanical specimens', "
Q: Who was Bell's closest friend as a child?
A: Ben Herdman", "
Q: What sort of mill did Bell's neighbors run?
A: flour", "
Q: Bell's dehusking machine combined what with nail brushes?
A: rotating paddles", "
Q: What was Bell's reward for his dehusking machine?
A: small workshop"]
From his early years, Bell showed a sensitive nature and a talent for art, poetry, and music that was encouraged by his mother. With no formal training, he mastered the piano and became the family's pianist. Despite being normally quiet and introspective, he reveled in mimicry and "voice tricks" akin to ventriloquism that continually entertained family guests during their occasional visits. Bell was also deeply affected by his mother's gradual deafness, (she began to lose her hearing when he was 12) and learned a manual finger language so he could sit at her side and tap out silently the conversations swirling around the family parlour. He also developed a technique of speaking in clear, modulated tones directly into his mother's forehead wherein she would hear him with reasonable clarity. Bell's preoccupation with his mother's deafness led him to study acoustics.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Bell was gifted at art, poetry, and what?
A: music', '
Q: What did Bell succeed at without being taught?
A: piano', '
Q: How old was Bell when his mom started to go deaf?
A: 12', "
Q: What part of his mom's head would Bell talk into?
A: forehead", "
Q: What did Bell research because of his mom's deafness?
A: acoustics"]