romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Songbirds and their associated symbolism appear throughout the novel. The family's last name of Finch also shares Lee's mother's maiden name. The titular mockingbird is a key motif of this theme, which first appears when Atticus, having given his children air-rifles for Christmas, allows their Uncle Jack to teach them to shoot. Atticus warns them that, although they can "shoot all the bluejays they want", they must remember that "it's a sin to kill a mockingbird". Confused, Scout approaches her neighbor Miss Maudie, who explains that mockingbirds never harm other living creatures. She points out that mockingbirds simply provide pleasure with their songs, saying, "They don't do one thing but sing their hearts out for us." Writer Edwin Bruell summarized the symbolism when he wrote in 1964, "'To kill a mockingbird' is to kill that which is innocent and harmless—like Tom Robinson." Scholars have noted that Lee often returns to the mockingbird theme when trying to make a moral point.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which animal serves as a symbol throughout the book?
A: Songbirds', "
Q: Harper Lee's mother's maiden name was what?
A: Finch", '
Q: Which bird does Atticus Finch say is a "sin to kill?"
A: mockingbird', '
Q: According to Atticus, which bird is it a sin to shoot?
A: mockingbird', '
Q: According to Miss Maudie, which bird is never harmful?
A: mockingbird', '
Q: Symbolically, killing a mockingbird is killing what according to Edwin Bruell?
A: that which is innocent and harmless']
Despite her editors' warnings that the book might not sell well, it quickly became a sensation, bringing acclaim to Lee in literary circles, in her hometown of Monroeville, and throughout Alabama. The book went through numerous subsequent printings and became widely available through its inclusion in the Book of the Month Club and editions released by Reader's Digest Condensed Books.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Reader's Digest included To Kill a Mockingbird in what program of theirs?
A: Book of the Month Club", "
Q: The book's availablity increased through inclusion in what book service?
A: Book of the Month Club"]
One year after its publication To Kill a Mockingbird had been translated into ten languages. In the years since, it has sold more than 30 million copies and been translated into more than 40 languages. The novel has never been out of print in hardcover or paperback, and has become part of the standard literature curriculum. A 2008 survey of secondary books read by students between grades 9–12 in the U.S. indicates the novel is the most widely read book in these grades. A 1991 survey by the Book of the Month Club and the Library of Congress Center for the Book found that To Kill a Mockingbird was rated behind only the Bible in books that are "most often cited as making a difference".[note 1] It is considered by some to be the Great American Novel.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: After one year when To Kill a Mockingbird first came out, how many languages has it been printed in?
A: ten', '
Q: Up til today, how many languages has To Kill a Mockingbird been printed in?
A: 40', '
Q: How many copies has To Kill a Mockingbird sold since it first came out?
A: 30 million', '
Q: How many copies of the book have been sold?
A: more than 30 million', '
Q: How many languages has the book been translated into?
A: more than 40']
Many writers compare their perceptions of To Kill a Mockingbird as adults with when they first read it as children. Mary McDonagh Murphy interviewed celebrities including Oprah Winfrey, Rosanne Cash, Tom Brokaw, and Harper's sister Alice Lee, who read the novel and compiled their impressions of it as children and adults into a book titled Scout, Atticus, and Boo.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Public figure's impressions of the novel were formed into a book called what?
A: Scout, Atticus, and Boo", "
Q: Who was Harper Lee's sister?
A: Alice Lee", "
Q: What book compiled Adults'  impressions and their impressions as children about the novel?
A: Scout, Atticus, and Boo"]
One of the most significant impacts To Kill a Mockingbird has had is Atticus Finch's model of integrity for the legal profession. As scholar Alice Petry explains, "Atticus has become something of a folk hero in legal circles and is treated almost as if he were an actual person." Morris Dees of the Southern Poverty Law Center cites Atticus Finch as the reason he became a lawyer, and Richard Matsch, the federal judge who presided over the Timothy McVeigh trial, counts Atticus as a major judicial influence. One law professor at the University of Notre Dame stated that the most influential textbook he taught from was To Kill a Mockingbird, and an article in the Michigan Law Review claims, "No real-life lawyer has done more for the self-image or public perception of the legal profession," before questioning whether, "Atticus Finch is a paragon of honor or an especially slick hired gun".

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Atticus Finch's integrity has become a model for which job?
A: lawyer", '
Q: Atticus Finch is a model of what for legal professionals?
A: integrity']
In 1992, an Alabama editorial called for the death of Atticus, saying that as liberal as Atticus was, he still worked within a system of institutionalized racism and sexism and should not be revered. The editorial sparked a flurry of responses from attorneys who entered the profession because of him and esteemed him as a hero. Critics of Atticus maintain he is morally ambiguous and does not use his legal skills to challenge the racist status quo in Maycomb. However, in 1997, the Alabama State Bar erected a monument to Atticus in Monroeville, marking his existence as the "first commemorative milestone in the state's judicial history". In 2008, Lee herself received an honorary special membership to the Alabama State Bar for creating Atticus who "has become the personification of the exemplary lawyer in serving the legal needs of the poor".

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year was a statue of Atticus build in Alabama?
A: 1997', '
Q: Harper Lee was given a membership to what in 2008?
A: Alabama State Bar', '
Q: What did the Alabama State Bar bestow on Lee in 2008?
A: honorary special membership']
To Kill a Mockingbird has been a source of significant controversy since its being the subject of classroom study as early as 1963. The book's racial slurs, profanity, and frank discussion of rape have led people to challenge its appropriateness in libraries and classrooms across the United States. The American Library Association reported that To Kill a Mockingbird was number 21 of the 100 most frequently challenged books of 2000–2009.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: To Kill a Mockingbird was first studied in American schools in what year?
A: 1963', '
Q: The American Library Associated ranked To Kill a Mockingbird where on its most frequently challenged books of 2000-2009?
A: 21', '
Q: In what year did the book become a subject of classroom study?
A: 1963', '
Q: According to The American Library Association, what rank did the book have among the most frequently challenged books from 2000 to 2009?
A: 21']
One of the first incidents of the book being challenged was in Hanover, Virginia, in 1966: a parent protested that the use of rape as a plot device was immoral. Johnson cites examples of letters to local newspapers, which ranged from amusement to fury; those letters expressing the most outrage, however, complained about Mayella Ewell's attraction to Tom Robinson over the depictions of rape. Upon learning the school administrators were holding hearings to decide the book's appropriateness for the classroom, Harper Lee sent $10 to The Richmond News Leader suggesting it to be used toward the enrollment of "the Hanover County School Board in any first grade of its choice". The National Education Association in 1968 placed the novel second on a list of books receiving the most complaints from private organizations—after Little Black Sambo.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was the first major controversy that surfaced from the book?
A: 1966', '
Q: What event in the novel was heavily criticized for being a plot device?
A: rape', "
Q: In letters to local newspapers, what subplot in the book received the most complaints?
A: Mayella Ewell's attraction to Tom Robinson", '
Q: According to the National Education Association, what was the only book to receive more complaints in 1968?
A: Little Black Sambo']
The novel is cited as a factor in the success of the civil rights movement in the 1960s, however, in that it "arrived at the right moment to help the South and the nation grapple with the racial tensions (of) the accelerating civil rights movement". Its publication is so closely associated with the Civil Rights Movement that many studies of the book and biographies of Harper Lee include descriptions of important moments in the movement, despite the fact that she had no direct involvement in any of them. Civil Rights leader Andrew Young comments that part of the book's effectiveness is that it "inspires hope in the midst of chaos and confusion" and by using racial epithets portrays the reality of the times in which it was set. Young views the novel as "an act of humanity" in showing the possibility of people rising above their prejudices. Alabama author Mark Childress compares it to the impact of Uncle Tom's Cabin, a book that is popularly implicated in starting the U.S. Civil War. Childress states the novel "gives white Southerners a way to understand the racism that they've been brought up with and to find another way. And most white people in the South were good people. Most white people in the South were not throwing bombs and causing havoc ... I think the book really helped them come to understand what was wrong with the system in the way that any number of treatises could never do, because it was popular art, because it was told from a child's point of view."

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What movement in the '60s did the novel help spark?
A: civil rights movement", "
Q: Which book was credited with sparking the US Civil War?
A: Uncle Tom's Cabin", "
Q: What other book did Mark Childress compare it to?
A: Uncle Tom's Cabin"]
Lee's childhood friend, author Truman Capote, wrote on the dust jacket of the first edition, "Someone rare has written this very fine first novel: a writer with the liveliest sense of life, and the warmest, most authentic sense of humor. A touching book; and so funny, so likeable." This comment has been construed to suggest that Capote wrote the book or edited it heavily. In 2003, a Tuscaloosa newspaper quoted Capote's biological father, Archulus Persons, as claiming that Capote had written "almost all" of the book. In 2006, a Capote letter was donated to Monroeville's literary heritage museum; in a letter to a neighbor in Monroeville in 1959, Capote mentioned that Lee was writing a book that was to be published soon. Extensive notes between Lee and her editor at Lippincott also refute the rumor of Capote's authorship. Lee's older sister, Alice, responded to the rumor, saying: "That's the biggest lie ever told."

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Who was Truman Capote's father?
A: Archulus Persons", '
Q: Who was speculated to have wrote the book instead of Harper Lee?
A: Truman Capote', "
Q: What was the name of Harper Lee's sister?
A: Alice", '
Q: Who was rumored to have written the book instead of Lee?
A: Truman Capote', "
Q: Lee's notes to whom help disclaim this rumor?
A: her editor"]
During the years immediately following the novel's publication, Harper Lee enjoyed the attention its popularity garnered her, granting interviews, visiting schools, and attending events honoring the book. In 1961, when To Kill a Mockingbird was in its 41st week on the bestseller list, it was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, stunning Lee. It also won the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews in the same year, and the Paperback of the Year award from Bestsellers magazine in 1962. Starting in 1964, Lee began to turn down interviews, complaining that the questions were monotonous, and grew concerned that attention she received bordered on the kind of publicity celebrities sought. Since the, she declined talking with reporters about the book. She also steadfastly refused to provide an introduction, writing in 1995: "Introductions inhibit pleasure, they kill the joy of anticipation, they frustrate curiosity. The only good thing about Introductions is that in some cases they delay the dose to come. Mockingbird still says what it has to say; it has managed to survive the years without preamble."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which year did To Kill a Mockingbird win the Pulitzer Prize?
A: 1961', '
Q: How many weeks did To Kill a Mockingbird remain on the bestsellers list when it won the Pulitzer Prize?
A: 41', '
Q: Paperback of the Year award from Bestsellers magazine was awarded when?
A: 1962', '
Q: When did Harper Lee begin refusing interviews and questions about the book?
A: 1964', '
Q: What major award did the book receive in 1961?
A: the Pulitzer Prize', '
Q: In what year did Lee stop giving interviews about the book?
A: 1964']
In 2001, Lee was inducted into the Alabama Academy of Honor. In the same year, Chicago mayor Richard M. Daley initiated a reading program throughout the city's libraries, and chose his favorite book, To Kill a Mockingbird, as the first title of the One City, One Book program. Lee declared that "there is no greater honor the novel could receive". By 2004, the novel had been chosen by 25 communities for variations of the citywide reading program, more than any other novel. David Kipen of the National Endowment of the Arts, who supervised The Big Read, states "people just seem to connect with it. It dredges up things in their own lives, their interactions across racial lines, legal encounters, and childhood. It's just this skeleton key to so many different parts of people's lives, and they cherish it."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which year was Lee awarded an induction into the Alabama Academy of Honor?
A: 2001', '
Q: In 2004, the novel as been picked by how many communities for citywide reading programs more than any other book?
A: 25', "
Q: In 2001, what city's mayor picked To Kill a Mockingbird as their favorite book?
A: Chicago", "
Q: Which city's mayor initiated a reading program with the book?
A: Chicago", '
Q: By 2004, how many communities were using the book as part of their reading programs?
A: 25']
In 2006, Lee was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Notre Dame. During the ceremony, the students and audience gave Lee a standing ovation, and the entire graduating class held up copies of To Kill a Mockingbird to honor her.[note 5] Lee was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on November 5, 2007 by President George W. Bush. In his remarks, Bush stated, "One reason To Kill a Mockingbird succeeded is the wise and kind heart of the author, which comes through on every page ... To Kill a Mockingbird has influenced the character of our country for the better. It's been a gift to the entire world. As a model of good writing and humane sensibility, this book will be read and studied forever."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which school granted Lee an honory doctorate in 2006?
A: University of Notre Dame', '
Q: Which president of the US awarded Lee the Presidential Medal of Freedom?
A: George W. Bush', '
Q: When did Lee receive a  Presidential Medal of Freedom?
A: 2007', '
Q: What university awarded Lee an honorary doctorate in 2006?
A: Notre Dame', '
Q: In 2007, which president awarded Lee the Presidential Medal of Freedom?
A: George W. Bush']
The book was made into the well-received 1962 film with the same title, starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch. The film's producer, Alan J. Pakula, remembered Universal Pictures executives questioning him about a potential script: "They said, 'What story do you plan to tell for the film?' I said, 'Have you read the book?' They said, 'Yes.' I said, 'That's the story.'" The movie was a hit at the box office, quickly grossing more than $20 million from a $2-million budget. It won three Oscars: Best Actor for Gregory Peck, Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Black-and-White, and Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium for Horton Foote. It was nominated for five more Oscars including Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Mary Badham, the actress who played Scout.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: A movie adaptation of the book was released in what year?
A: 1962', '
Q: Who played Atticus Finch in the 1962 movie of the same title?
A: Gregory Peck', '
Q: Which actor received An Oscar for his role of Atticus Finch in the 1962 movie of the book?
A: Gregory Peck']
Harper Lee was pleased with the movie, saying: "In that film the man and the part met... I've had many, many offers to turn it into musicals, into TV or stage plays, but I've always refused. That film was a work of art." Peck met Lee's father, the model for Atticus, before the filming. Lee's father died before the film's release, and Lee was so impressed with Peck's performance that she gave him her father's pocketwatch, which he had with him the evening he was awarded the Oscar for best actor. Years later, he was reluctant to tell Lee that the watch was stolen out of his luggage in London Heathrow Airport. When Peck eventually did tell Lee, he said she responded, "'Well, it's only a watch.' Harper—she feels deeply, but she's not a sentimental person about things." Lee and Peck shared a friendship long after the movie was made. Peck's grandson was named "Harper" in her honor.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What item did Lee give the actor Gregory Peck after portraying Atticus Finch?
A: father's pocketwatch", "
Q: Which one of Gregory Peck's relatives was named after Harper Lee?
A: grandson", "
Q: What personal effect did Lee give to Peck?
A: her father's pocketwatch", "
Q: Which one of Peck's relatives was named Harper in honor of Lee?
A: grandson"]
In May 2005, Lee made an uncharacteristic appearance at the Los Angeles Public Library at the request of Peck's widow Veronique, who said of Lee: "She's like a national treasure. She's someone who has made a difference...with this book. The book is still as strong as it ever was, and so is the film. All the kids in the United States read this book and see the film in the seventh and eighth grades and write papers and essays. My husband used to get thousands and thousands of letters from teachers who would send them to him."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did Lee randomly show up at the Los Angeles  Public Library?
A: May 2005', "
Q: What did Peck's widow call Lee?
A: a national treasure"]
The book has also been adapted as a play by Christopher Sergel. It debuted in 1990 in Monroeville, a town that labels itself "The Literary Capital of Alabama". The play runs every May on the county courthouse grounds and townspeople make up the cast. White male audience members are chosen at the intermission to make up the jury. During the courtroom scene the production moves into the Monroe County Courthouse and the audience is racially segregated. Author Albert Murray said of the relationship of the town to the novel (and the annual performance): "It becomes part of the town ritual, like the religious underpinning of Mardi Gras. With the whole town crowded around the actual courthouse, it's part of a central, civic education—what Monroeville aspires to be."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who turned the novel into a play?
A: Christopher Sergel', '
Q: When was the play for To Kill a Mockingbird first performed?
A: 1990', '
Q: What town labeled itself "The Literary Capital of Alabama"?
A: Monroeville', '
Q: Who makes up the cast of the annual play based on the book performed in Monroeville?
A: townspeople', '
Q: During the courtroom scene, what happens to the audience?
A: racially segregated']
Sergel's play toured in the UK starting at West Yorkshire Playhouse in Leeds in 2006, and again in 2011 starting at the York Theatre Royal, both productions featuring Duncan Preston as Atticus Finch. The play also opened the 2013 season at Regent's Park Open Air Theatre in London where it played to full houses and starred Robert Sean Leonard as Atticus Finch, his first London appearance in 22 years. The production is returning to the venue to close the 2014 season, prior to a UK Tour.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What country did Sergel's play tour around in and perform in 2006?
A: the UK", "
Q: The play was the opening act for the starting of the 2013 season at which location?
A: Regent's Park Open Air Theatre", '
Q: Who played Atticus Finch in the UK theater productions of the film in 2006 and 2011?
A: Duncan Preston']
An earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, titled Go Set a Watchman, was controversially released on July 14, 2015. This draft, which was completed in 1957, is set 20 years after the time period depicted in To Kill a Mockingbird but is not a continuation of the narrative. This earlier version of the story follows an adult Scout Finch who travels from New York to visit her father, Atticus Finch, in Maycomb, Alabama, where she is confronted by the intolerance in her community. The Watchman manuscript was believed to have been lost until Lee's lawyer Tonja Carter discovered it; although this claim has been widely disputed. Watchman contains early versions of many of the characters from To Kill a Mockingbird. According to Lee's agent Andrew Nurnberg, Mockingbird was originally intended to be the first book of a trilogy: "They discussed publishing Mockingbird first, Watchman last, and a shorter connecting novel between the two." This assertion has been discredited however by the rare books expert James S. Jaffe, who reviewed the pages at the request of Lee's attorney and found them to be only another draft of "To Kill a Mockingbird". The statement was also contrary to Jonathan Mahler's description of how "Watchman" was seen as just the first draft of "Mockingbird". Instances where many passages overlap between the two books, in some case word for word, also refutes this assertion.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was Go Set a Watchman introduced to the public?
A: July 14, 2015', '
Q: Go Set a Watchman was finished in what year?
A: 1957', '
Q: How many years after To Kill a Mockingbird is the setting of Go Set A Watchman?
A: 20', "
Q: Who was Harper Lee's lawyer?
A: Tonja Carter", '
Q: What is the earlier draft of the book titled?
A: Go Set a Watchman', '
Q: What year was Watchman completed?
A: 1957', '
Q: How many years after Mockingbird was Watchman set?
A: 20']
The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor, despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality. The narrator's father, Atticus Finch, has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for lawyers. One critic explains the novel's impact by writing, "In the twentieth century, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its protagonist, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What two serious moral issues are dealt with in the novel?
A: rape and racial inequality', '
Q: Who is the protagonist of the novel?
A: Atticus Finch']