romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III. Both the Duke of Kent and King George III died in 1820, and Victoria was raised under close supervision by her German-born mother Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. She inherited the throne aged 18, after her father's three elder brothers had all died, leaving no surviving legitimate children. The United Kingdom was already an established constitutional monarchy, in which the sovereign held relatively little direct political power. Privately, Victoria attempted to influence government policy and ministerial appointments; publicly, she became a national icon who was identified with strict standards of personal morality.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was Queen Victorias father?
A: Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III', '
Q: What year did Victorias Father die?
A: 1820', '
Q: How old was Victoria when she inherited the throne?
A: 18', '
Q: What year did King George III die?
A: 1820', '
Q: What nationality was Queen Victorias mother?
A: German', "
Q: What was the name of Victoria's father? 
A: Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn", '
Q: When did the Duke of Kent die? 
A: 1820', "
Q: What was Victoria's mother's name?
A: Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld", "
Q: At what age did Victoria inherit the throne, upon the death of her father's three eldest brothers?
A: 18", "
Q: Who was Victoria's father?
A: Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III", '
Q: Who raised Victoria?
A: mother Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld', '
Q: When did Victoria inherit the throne of England?
A: aged 18', "
Q: Why did Victoria inherit the throne?
A: her father's three elder brothers had all died, leaving no surviving legitimate children", '
Q: What kind of government did England have at the time?
A: constitutional monarchy']
At birth, Victoria was fifth in the line of succession after her father and his three older brothers: the Prince Regent, the Duke of York, and the Duke of Clarence (later William IV). The Prince Regent and the Duke of York were estranged from their wives, who were both past child-bearing age, so the two eldest brothers were unlikely to have any further children. The Dukes of Kent and Clarence married on the same day 12 months before Victoria's birth, but both of Clarence's daughters (born in 1819 and 1820 respectively) died as infants. Victoria's grandfather and father died in 1820, within a week of each other, and the Duke of York died in 1827. On the death of her uncle George IV in 1830, Victoria became heiress presumptive to her next surviving uncle, William IV. The Regency Act 1830 made special provision for the Duchess of Kent to act as regent in case William died while Victoria was still a minor. King William distrusted the Duchess's capacity to be regent, and in 1836 declared in her presence that he wanted to live until Victoria's 18th birthday, so that a regency could be avoided.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was Victorias place in line of succession to the throne when she was born?
A: fifth', "
Q: What year did Victoria's father and grandfather die?
A: 1820", '
Q: What year did Victorias Uncle George IV die?
A: 1830', "
Q: What was th elength of time between the deaths of Victoria's father and grandfather?
A: within a week of each other", '
Q: What year did the Duke of York die?
A: 1827', '
Q: What place was Victoria in the line of succession after her birth? 
A: fifth', '
Q: Whose infant daugheters both died, leaving him without an heir to the throne of England? 
A: Duke of Clarence', '
Q: When did George IV die? 
A: 1830', '
Q: What was the Regency Act of 1830?
A: made special provision for the Duchess of Kent to act as regent in case William died while Victoria was still a minor.', "
Q: Who distrusted the Duchesses capability to reign in Victoria's place until she became of age? 
A: King William", '
Q: Where did Victoria fall in the line of succession?
A: fifth', '
Q: Who came in line for the throne before Victoria?
A: her father and his three older brothers', "
Q: What happened when Victoria's Uncle George IV died?
A: became heiress presumptive to her next surviving uncle", "
Q: Who was Victoria's last surviving uncle?
A: William IV", '
Q: Who was to act as regent if George died while Victoria was still a minor?
A: Duchess of Kent']
Victoria turned 18 on 24 May 1837, and a regency was avoided. On 20 June 1837, William IV died at the age of 71, and Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom. In her diary she wrote, "I was awoke at 6 o'clock by Mamma, who told me the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Conyngham were here and wished to see me. I got out of bed and went into my sitting-room (only in my dressing gown) and alone, and saw them. Lord Conyngham then acquainted me that my poor Uncle, the King, was no more, and had expired at 12 minutes past 2 this morning, and consequently that I am Queen." Official documents prepared on the first day of her reign described her as Alexandrina Victoria, but the first name was withdrawn at her own wish and not used again.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: On what date did Victoria turn 18?
A: 24 May 1837', '
Q: On what date did William IV die?
A: 20 June 1837', '
Q: How old was William IV when he died?
A: 71', '
Q: What was the exact time that Victorias Uncle, the King, died?
A: 12 minutes past 2', '
Q: What is the name given to Victoria on official documents?
A: Alexandrina Victoria', '
Q: When did Victoria turn 18?
A: 24 May 1837', "
Q: When did Victoria become Queen upon William IV's death? 
A: 20 June 1837", '
Q: What name was Victoria referred to as on only the first day of her reign?
A: Alexandrina Victoria', "
Q: How old was Victoria's Uncle, King Willaim on his death? 
A: 71", "
Q: Who informed Victoria of her Uncle's passing and that she was now to become Queen of England? 
A: the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Conyngham", '
Q: What caused Victoria to become the Queen of the United Kingdom?
A: 20 June 1837, William IV died', '
Q: Who came to tell Victoria that she was to be Queen of the United Kingdom?
A: Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Conyngham', "
Q: What name did the first official documents of Victoria's monarchy have her listed as?
A: Alexandrina Victoria", '
Q: How old was William IV when he died?
A: 71', '
Q: Where did she receive the news that she was to be queen?
A: sitting-room']
Though queen, as an unmarried young woman Victoria was required by social convention to live with her mother, despite their differences over the Kensington System and her mother's continued reliance on Conroy. Her mother was consigned to a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace, and Victoria often refused to see her. When Victoria complained to Melbourne that her mother's close proximity promised "torment for many years", Melbourne sympathised but said it could be avoided by marriage, which Victoria called a "schocking  [sic] alternative". She showed interest in Albert's education for the future role he would have to play as her husband, but she resisted attempts to rush her into wedlock.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the marital status of Victoria when she became the queen?
A: unmarried', '
Q: Whi did Victoria have to live with because she was unmarried?
A: her mother', '
Q: Victoria and her mother had differences over what system?
A: Kensington System', '
Q: Victoria and her mother had differences over her mothers reliances on who?
A: Conroy', '
Q: Where was Victorias mother assigned to live?
A: a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace', '
Q: What did Victoria and her mother disagree on? 
A: the Kensington System', "
Q: Whom did Victoria's mother continue to rely on, despite Victoria's displeasure? 
A: Conroy", "
Q: To whom did Queen Victoria lament that marriage was a shocking alternative to her mother's prescence? 
A: Melbourne", '
Q: Where did both Queen Victoria and her mother reside after she became Queen? 
A: Buckingham Palace', '
Q: Where did Victoria live at the beginning of her reign?
A: with her mother', '
Q: Why did Victoria live with her mother at the beginning of her reign?
A: was required by social convention', '
Q: What could have allowed Victoria freedom from living with her mother?
A: marriage', '
Q: How did Victoria feel about having to be married in order to escape living with her mother?
A: a "schocking  [sic] alternative"', '
Q: How did Victoria feel about the prospect of having to live with her mother, no matter how far away in the palace they put her?
A: close proximity promised "torment for many years"']
On 29 May 1842, Victoria was riding in a carriage along The Mall, London, when John Francis aimed a pistol at her but the gun did not fire; he escaped. The following day, Victoria drove the same route, though faster and with a greater escort, in a deliberate attempt to provoke Francis to take a second aim and catch him in the act. As expected, Francis shot at her, but he was seized by plain-clothes policemen, and convicted of high treason. On 3 July, two days after Francis's death sentence was commuted to transportation for life, John William Bean also tried to fire a pistol at the Queen, but it was loaded only with paper and tobacco and had too little charge. Edward Oxford felt that the attempts were encouraged by his acquittal in 1840. Bean was sentenced to 18 months in jail. In a similar attack in 1849, unemployed Irishman William Hamilton fired a powder-filled pistol at Victoria's carriage as it passed along Constitution Hill, London. In 1850, the Queen did sustain injury when she was assaulted by a possibly insane ex-army officer, Robert Pate. As Victoria was riding in a carriage, Pate struck her with his cane, crushing her bonnet and bruising her forehead. Both Hamilton and Pate were sentenced to seven years' transportation.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the name of the man that tried to shoot Queen Victoria?
A: John Francis', '
Q: Why did Francis fail to kill Queen Victoria?
A: the gun did not fire', '
Q: On what date did John Francis try to shoot Queen Victoria?
A: 29 May 1842', '
Q: Where was Queen Victoria when Francis tried to shoot her?
A: riding in a carriage along The Mall, London', '
Q: What happened to Francis after his attempt to shoot Victoria?
A: he escaped', "
Q: Who made two unsuccessful attempts on Queen Victoria's life in 1842?
A: John Francis", "
Q: What was John Francis's eventual sentence for the attempt on the Queens life? 
A: transportation for life", "
Q: Who shot at Queen Victoria on July 3, days after John Francis's sentence was commuted? 
A: John William Bean", "
Q: Who fired a shot at Queen Victoria's carriage in 1849?
A: William Hamilton", '
Q: What person recieved a seven year transportation sentence for striking Victoria on the head with his cane? 
A: Robert Pate', "
Q: Who escaped Victoria's guards after attempting to fire a shot at her?
A: John Francis", '
Q: What happened to John Francis after his second attempt to fire on the Queen?
A: death sentence was commuted to transportation for life', '
Q: What did John William Bean try to fire at Queen Victoria?
A: paper and tobacco', "
Q: What were the consequences of John William Bean's attempt to fire at the Queen?
A: 18 months in jail", "
Q: When did William Hamilton fire a powder charge at Victoria's carriage?
A: 1849"]
Russell's ministry, though Whig, was not favoured by the Queen. She found particularly offensive the Foreign Secretary, Lord Palmerston, who often acted without consulting the Cabinet, the Prime Minister, or the Queen. Victoria complained to Russell that Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without her knowledge, but Palmerston was retained in office and continued to act on his own initiative, despite her repeated remonstrances. It was only in 1851 that Palmerston was removed after he announced the British government's approval of President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte's coup in France without consulting the Prime Minister. The following year, President Bonaparte was declared Emperor Napoleon III, by which time Russell's administration had been replaced by a short-lived minority government led by Lord Derby.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What political party was Russells ministry?
A: Whig', '
Q: What was president Bonapartes name changed to?
A: Emperor Napoleon III', '
Q: What was the name of the foreign secretary that Victoria found offensive?
A: Lord Palmerston', '
Q: To whom did Victoria complain about Palmerston?
A: Russell', '
Q: What year was Palmerston removed from office?
A: 1851', '
Q: What position did Lord Palmerston hold?
A: Foreign Secretary', "
Q: What scandal prompted Palmerstons removal in 1851?
A: he announced the British government's approval of President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte's coup in France without consulting the Prime Minister", '
Q: President Bonaparte was declared what in France? 
A: Emperor Napoleon III', '
Q: Who briefly replaced Russell as Prime Minister? 
A: Lord Derby', '
Q: What did Victoria express her displeasure at to Russell about Palmerton? 
A: Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without her knowledge', "
Q: Who was the Foreign Secretary of Russell's ministry?
A: Lord Palmerston", '
Q: To what party did Russell and Palmerston belong?
A: Whig', "
Q: What replaced Russell's administration?
A: a short-lived minority government led by Lord Derby", '
Q: What happened to President Bonaparte in 1852?
A: declared Emperor Napoleon III', "
Q: Whom did Palmerston fail to gain approval from befoe announcing the support of the British government of Napoleon's coup? 
A: Prime Minister"]
Eleven days after Orsini's assassination attempt in France, Victoria's eldest daughter married Prince Frederick William of Prussia in London. They had been betrothed since September 1855, when Princess Victoria was 14 years old; the marriage was delayed by the Queen and Prince Albert until the bride was 17. The Queen and Albert hoped that their daughter and son-in-law would be a liberalising influence in the enlarging Prussian state. Victoria felt "sick at heart" to see her daughter leave England for Germany; "It really makes me shudder", she wrote to Princess Victoria in one of her frequent letters, "when I look round to all your sweet, happy, unconscious sisters, and think I must give them up too – one by one." Almost exactly a year later, Princess Victoria gave birth to the Queen's first grandchild, Wilhelm, who would become the last German Kaiser.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who did Victorias eldest daughter marry?
A: Prince Frederick William of Prussia', "
Q: Where did Victoria's oldest daughter get married?
A: London", '
Q: How old was Princess Victoria when she agreed to marry the Prince?
A: 14', '
Q: How old was Princess Victoria when she was married?
A: 17', '
Q: Where did princess Victoria move to after she was married?
A: Germany', '
Q: Who did Princess Victoria marry at the age of 17? 
A: Prince Frederick William of Prussia', '
Q: How old was Princess Victoria when she became engaged to Prince Frederick? 
A: 14', '
Q: Where did Princess Victoria and her husband leave for after their marriage? 
A: Germany', "
Q: What was the name of Queen Victoria's first grandchild? 
A: Wilhelm", '
Q: What position did Wilhelm later hold in Germany? 
A: last German Kaiser', "
Q: When was Victoria's oldest daughter married?
A: Eleven days after Orsini's assassination attempt", "
Q: How old was Victoria's oldest daughter when she was amrried?
A: 17", '
Q: What did Queen Victoria hope for the marriage between her daughter and Prince Frederick William?
A: liberalising influence in the enlarging Prussian state', "
Q: Who was the Queen's first grandchild?
A: Wilhelm", '
Q: What future awaited the first grandson of Queen Victoria?
A: the last German Kaiser']
Victoria's father was Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of the reigning King of the United Kingdom, George III. Until 1817, Edward's niece, Princess Charlotte of Wales, was the only legitimate grandchild of George III. Her death in 1817 precipitated a succession crisis that brought pressure on the Duke of Kent and his unmarried brothers to marry and have children. In 1818 he married Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, a widowed German princess with two children—Carl (1804–1856) and Feodora (1807–1872)—by her first marriage to the Prince of Leiningen. Her brother Leopold was Princess Charlotte's widower. The Duke and Duchess of Kent's only child, Victoria, was born at 4.15 a.m. on 24 May 1819 at Kensington Palace in London.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was Queen Victorias father?
A: Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn', '
Q: Who was the only grandchild of George iii until 1817?
A: Princess Charlotte of Wales', '
Q: Who was the reigning King of the United Kingdom until 1817?
A: George III', '
Q: What year did Princess Charlotte of Wales die?
A: 1817', '
Q: Who did the Duke of kent marry in 1818?
A: Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld', '
Q: Who was Queen Victorias father?
A: Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn', '
Q: Who was the only legitimate grandchild of George III?
A: Princess Charlotte of Wales', '
Q: Who did Prince Edward marry in 1818 in the hopes of producing a child?
A: Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld', '
Q: Who was Princess Victoria widowed from?
A: Prince of Leiningen', '
Q: What time was Queen Victoria born on May 24, 1819?
A: 4.15 a.m', '
Q: Who was Princess Charlotte married to until her death? 
A: Leopold', "
Q: Who are Queen Victoria's mother and father?
A: The Duke and Duchess of Kent", '
Q: When was Queen Victoria born?
A: 4.15 a.m. on 24 May 1819', "
Q: What was Queen Victoria's father's official title?
A: Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of the reigning King of the United Kingdom, George III", "
Q: What was Queen Victoria's mother's official title?
A: Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld", "
Q: Who were Princess Victoria's children from her previous marriage?
A: Carl (1804–1856) and Feodora (1807–1872)"]
By 1836, the Duchess's brother, Leopold, who had been King of the Belgians since 1831, hoped to marry his niece to his nephew, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Leopold, Victoria's mother, and Albert's father (Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) were siblings. Leopold arranged for Victoria's mother to invite her Coburg relatives to visit her in May 1836, with the purpose of introducing Victoria to Albert. William IV, however, disapproved of any match with the Coburgs, and instead favoured the suit of Prince Alexander of the Netherlands, second son of the Prince of Orange. Victoria was aware of the various matrimonial plans and critically appraised a parade of eligible princes. According to her diary, she enjoyed Albert's company from the beginning. After the visit she wrote, "[Albert] is extremely handsome; his hair is about the same colour as mine; his eyes are large and blue, and he has a beautiful nose and a very sweet mouth with fine teeth; but the charm of his countenance is his expression, which is most delightful." Alexander, on the other hand, was "very plain".

Questions and answers:
['
Q: The Dutchesses brother Leopold was the King of what country?
A: the Belgians', '
Q: What year did Leopold become King of the Belgians?
A: 1831', '
Q: Who was the nephew of leopold?
A: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha', '
Q: Who was Alberts father?
A: Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha', '
Q: How did Victoria describe the physical appearance of Alexander?
A: very plain', '
Q: Who disapproved of the proposed marriage between Victoria and Albert?
A: William IV', '
Q: Who was the man William IV wanted Victoria to wed instead? 
A: Prince Alexander of the Netherlands', '
Q: Prince Alexander was the second son of whom? 
A: Prince of Orange', '
Q: What did Victoria think of her suiter, the Prince Alexander of Orange? 
A: very plain', "
Q: How did Victoria feel about Albert?
A: enjoyed Albert's company from the beginning", "
Q: Who wanted to see Victoria and Albert marry?
A: the Duchess's brother, Leopold", '
Q: Who opposed Victoria marrying Albert, or any Coburg?
A: William IV', '
Q: Who did William IV feel was a suitable husband for Victoria?
A: Prince Alexander of the Netherlands']
At the start of her reign Victoria was popular, but her reputation suffered in an 1839 court intrigue when one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting, Lady Flora Hastings, developed an abdominal growth that was widely rumoured to be an out-of-wedlock pregnancy by Sir John Conroy. Victoria believed the rumours. She hated Conroy, and despised "that odious Lady Flora", because she had conspired with Conroy and the Duchess of Kent in the Kensington System. At first, Lady Flora refused to submit to a naked medical examination, until in mid-February she eventually agreed, and was found to be a virgin. Conroy, the Hastings family and the opposition Tories organised a press campaign implicating the Queen in the spreading of false rumours about Lady Flora. When Lady Flora died in July, the post-mortem revealed a large tumour on her liver that had distended her abdomen. At public appearances, Victoria was hissed and jeered as "Mrs. Melbourne".

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What health issue did Flora hastings develope that began to ruin Victorias reputation?
A: an abdominal growth', "
Q: What was the job of lady Flora Hastings in Victorias household?
A: one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting", '
Q: What was Flora hastings abdominal growth rumored to be?
A: an out-of-wedlock pregnancy', '
Q: Who was rumored to be the father of Flora Hastings "pregnancy"?
A: Sir John Conroy', '
Q: What year did Victorias reputation begin to suffer?
A: 1839', '
Q: What lady in waiting was at the heart of a 1839 court scandal?
A: Lady Flora Hastings', "
Q: What was the cause of Lady Flora's death in July? 
A: large tumour on her liver", '
Q: With whom did Lady Flora consipire against Queen Victoria? 
A: Conroy and the Duchess of Kent', "
Q: What was Queen Victoria called after Lady Flora's death due?
A: Mrs. Melbourne", "
Q: Who, in Victoria's court, was accused of having a pregnancy outside of mariage?
A: one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting, Lady Flora Hastings", '
Q: Who was believed to be the father of Lady Flor\'s "baby"?
A: Sir John Conroy', '
Q: What did Victoria think of Lady Flora?
A: despised', '
Q: Why did Victoria hate Sir Conroy and Lady Flora?
A: the Kensington System', '
Q: What was actually the cause of Lady Flora\'s "pregnancy"?
A: large tumour on her liver that had distended her abdomen']