romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Buckingham Palace finally became the principal royal residence in 1837, on the accession of Queen Victoria, who was the first monarch to reside there; her predecessor William IV had died before its completion. While the state rooms were a riot of gilt and colour, the necessities of the new palace were somewhat less luxurious. For one thing, it was reported the chimneys smoked so much that the fires had to be allowed to die down, and consequently the court shivered in icy magnificence. Ventilation was so bad that the interior smelled, and when a decision was taken to install gas lamps, there was a serious worry about the build-up of gas on the lower floors. It was also said that staff were lax and lazy and the palace was dirty. Following the queen's marriage in 1840, her husband, Prince Albert, concerned himself with a reorganisation of the household offices and staff, and with the design faults of the palace. The problems were all rectified by the close of 1840. However, the builders were to return within the decade.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was the first monarch to reside at Buckingham Palace?
A: Queen Victoria', '
Q: Who died before the palace was completed?
A: William IV', '
Q: Buckingham became a principle residence for the Royal Family in which year?
A: 1837', '
Q: What was the problem with chimneys in the palace?
A: the chimneys smoked', '
Q: At the end of which year were most of the design problems of the palace rectified under Prince Albert?
A: 1840', '
Q: When did Buckingham officially become the principle royal residence?
A: 1837', '
Q: Who was the first monarch to reside there?
A: Queen Victoria', "
Q: Who died before seeing Buckingham Palace's completion?
A: William IV", "
Q: What was the problem with the palace's chimneys?
A: the chimneys smoked", '
Q: Who dealt with the design faults of the palace?
A: Prince Albert']
By 1847, the couple had found the palace too small for court life and their growing family, and consequently the new wing, designed by Edward Blore, was built by Thomas Cubitt, enclosing the central quadrangle. The large East Front, facing The Mall, is today the "public face" of Buckingham Palace, and contains the balcony from which the royal family acknowledge the crowds on momentous occasions and after the annual Trooping the Colour. The ballroom wing and a further suite of state rooms were also built in this period, designed by Nash's student Sir James Pennethorne.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who designed the new wing for the palace in 1847?
A: Edward Blore', '
Q: The new wing was built by whom?
A: Thomas Cubitt', '
Q: What is the East front of the palace known as?
A: "public face" of Buckingham Palace', '
Q: The East Front contains what famous feature?
A: the balcony', '
Q: Who was the student of Nash that designed the ballroom wing?
A: Sir James Pennethorne.', '
Q: Who designed a new wing for Queen Victoria and Prince Albert when they felt they needed more space?
A: Edward Blore', '
Q: Who built the new wing?
A: Thomas Cubitt', '
Q: What is considered the public face of the palace?
A: The large East Front', '
Q: What other wing was built during this time?
A: The ballroom wing', "
Q: Which of Nash's students designed The Ballroom?
A: Sir James Pennethorne"]
Before Prince Albert's death, the palace was frequently the scene of musical entertainments, and the greatest contemporary musicians entertained at Buckingham Palace. The composer Felix Mendelssohn is known to have played there on three occasions. Johann Strauss II and his orchestra played there when in England. Strauss's "Alice Polka" was first performed at the palace in 1849 in honour of the queen's daughter, Princess Alice. Under Victoria, Buckingham Palace was frequently the scene of lavish costume balls, in addition to the usual royal ceremonies, investitures and presentations.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: The palace frequently hosted which type of events prior to the death of Prince Albert?
A: musical entertainments', '
Q: Which composer played at Buckingham on three occasions?
A: Felix Mendelssohn', '
Q: Which piece of music by Johann Strauss was first performed at Buckingham in honor of Princess Alice?
A: Alice Polka', '
Q: Queen Victoria hosted which type of balls?
A: lavish costume balls', '
Q: Before Prince Albert died what sort of entertainment was held at Buckingham?
A: musical entertainments', '
Q: Which composer played there on three occasions?
A: Felix Mendelssohn', '
Q: Who performed Alice Polka in honor of Princess Alice?
A: Johann Strauss II', '
Q: What type of balls did Queen Victoria hold?
A: lavish costume balls']
Widowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle, Balmoral Castle and Osborne House. For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected. In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace, saying: "These commanding premises to be let or sold, in consequence of the late occupant's declining business." Eventually, public opinion forced the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible. Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle, presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black, while Buckingham Palace remained shuttered for most of the year.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When year did Prince Albert die?
A: 1861', '
Q: What forced the Queen to return to London?
A: public opinion', '
Q: What was the fate of Buckingham after the left?
A: the palace was seldom used, even neglected.', '
Q: Where were court functions held upon the Queens return to London?
A: Windsor Castle', '
Q: When did Prince Albert die?
A: 1861', '
Q: What did Queen Victoria do in response to his death?
A: left Buckingham Palace', '
Q: Which house did Queen Victoria stay at after she left Buckingham?
A: Osborne House', '
Q: What happened to Buckingham after Queen Victoria left?
A: palace was seldom used, even neglected', '
Q: Where did Queen Victoria hold court functions during this time?
A: Windsor Castle']
The palace measures 108 metres (354 ft) by 120 metres (390 ft), is 24 metres (79 ft) high and contains over 77,000 m2 (830,000 sq ft) of floorspace. The floor area is smaller than the Royal Palace of Madrid, the Papal Palace in Rome, the Louvre in Paris, the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, or the Forbidden City. There are 775 rooms, including 19 state rooms, 52 principal bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices, and 78 bathrooms. The principal rooms are contained on the piano nobile behind the west-facing garden façade at the rear of the palace. The centre of this ornate suite of state rooms is the Music Room, its large bow the dominant feature of the façade. Flanking the Music Room are the Blue and the White Drawing Rooms. At the centre of the suite, serving as a corridor to link the state rooms, is the Picture Gallery, which is top-lit and 55 yards (50 m) long. The Gallery is hung with numerous works including some by Rembrandt, van Dyck, Rubens and Vermeer; other rooms leading from the Picture Gallery are the Throne Room and the Green Drawing Room. The Green Drawing Room serves as a huge anteroom to the Throne Room, and is part of the ceremonial route to the throne from the Guard Room at the top of the Grand Staircase. The Guard Room contains white marble statues of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, in Roman costume, set in a tribune lined with tapestries. These very formal rooms are used only for ceremonial and official entertaining, but are open to the public every summer.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many principle bedrooms does the palace have?
A: 52', '
Q: How many bathrooms are there?
A: 78', '
Q: A large bow is a large feature of the facade in which stateroom?
A: the Music Room', '
Q: How long is the Picture Gallery in yards?
A: 55 yards', '
Q: Which rooms has large white marble statues of Prince Albert and Queen Victoria?
A: The Guard Room', '
Q: What is the floor space of the palace?
A: 77,000 m2 (830,000 sq ft)', '
Q: How many staterooms does the palace have?
A: 19 state rooms', '
Q: How many bathrooms does the palace have?
A: 78 bathrooms', '
Q: How many offices does the palace have?
A: 92 offices']
Directly underneath the State Apartments is a suite of slightly less grand rooms known as the semi-state apartments. Opening from the Marble Hall, these rooms are used for less formal entertaining, such as luncheon parties and private audiences. Some of the rooms are named and decorated for particular visitors, such as the 1844 Room, decorated in that year for the State visit of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, and, on the other side of the Bow Room, the 1855 Room, in honour of the visit of Emperor Napoleon III of France. At the centre of this suite is the Bow Room, through which thousands of guests pass annually to the Queen's Garden Parties in the Gardens. The Queen and Prince Philip use a smaller suite of rooms in the north wing.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: The 1855 Room is name for which European emperor?
A: Emperor Napoleon III of France', '
Q: Which room is named for visit of Tsar Nicolas I of Russia?
A: 1844 Room', "
Q: Guests attending the Queen's Garden Parties will mostly likely see which room?
A: Bow Room", '
Q: Where are the suites located that the Queen and Prince Phillip use?
A: the north wing', '
Q: Which rooms are used for less formal entertaining such as luncheons or private audiences?
A: the semi-state apartments', '
Q: What is the name of the slightly less luxurious staterooms located underneath the State Apartments?
A: semi-state apartments', '
Q: What type of entertaining are the semi-state apartments used for?
A: less formal entertaining', '
Q: Who is the 1844 Room named after?
A: Tsar Nicholas I of Russia', '
Q: Who is the 1855 Room named after?
A: Emperor Napoleon III of France', "
Q: Where are the Queen and Prince Phillip's apartments located?
A: the north wing"]
Between 1847 and 1850, when Blore was building the new east wing, the Brighton Pavilion was once again plundered of its fittings. As a result, many of the rooms in the new wing have a distinctly oriental atmosphere. The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room is made up from parts of the Brighton Banqueting and Music Rooms with a large oriental chimney piece sculpted by Richard Westmacott. The Yellow Drawing Room has wallpaper supplied in 1817 for the Brighton Saloon, and a chimney piece which is a European vision of how the Chinese chimney piece may appear. It has nodding mandarins in niches and fearsome winged dragons, designed by Robert Jones.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where did many of the fittings for the new east wing come from?
A: Brighton Pavilion', '
Q: When was the new east wing built?
A: Between 1847 and 1850', '
Q: What is the theme for the new east wing?
A: oriental', '
Q: The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room has what as a main feature?
A: large oriental chimney piece', '
Q: Who designed the chimney piece in The Yellow Drawing Room?
A: Robert Jones', '
Q: What was Blore building between 1847 and 1850?
A: the new east wing', '
Q: Many rooms in the new east wing are in what style?
A: oriental', '
Q: Parts of the Brighton Banqueting and Music Rooms from Brighton Pavilion make up which Buckingham Room?
A: The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room']
At the centre of this wing is the famous balcony with the Centre Room behind its glass doors. This is a Chinese-style saloon enhanced by Queen Mary, who, working with the designer Sir Charles Allom, created a more "binding" Chinese theme in the late 1920s, although the lacquer doors were brought from Brighton in 1873. Running the length of the piano nobile of the east wing is the great gallery, modestly known as the Principal Corridor, which runs the length of the eastern side of the quadrangle. It has mirrored doors, and mirrored cross walls reflecting porcelain pagodas and other oriental furniture from Brighton. The Chinese Luncheon Room and Yellow Drawing Room are situated at each end of this gallery, with the Centre Room obviously placed in the centre.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which room has the famous balcony used by the royals?
A: Centre Room', '
Q: What is the main theme of the Centre Room?
A: Chinese', '
Q: Which Queen enhanced the Chinese theme of the Centre Room in the 1920s?
A: Queen Mary', '
Q: The lacquer doors in the Centre Room were brought from Brighton in which year?
A: 1873', '
Q: The Principle Corridor features which type of doors?
A: mirrored doors', '
Q: Which room feature the famous balcony?
A: Centre Room', '
Q: Which designer did Queen Mary work with to enhance the Centre Room?
A: Sir Charles Allom', '
Q: The Principle Corridor has which type of doors?
A: mirrored doors', '
Q: What year were the lacquer doors brought from Brighton?
A: 1873']
When paying a state visit to Britain, foreign heads of state are usually entertained by the Queen at Buckingham Palace. They are allocated a large suite of rooms known as the Belgian Suite, situated at the foot of the Minister's Staircase, on the ground floor of the north-facing Garden Wing. The rooms of the suite are linked by narrow corridors, one of them is given extra height and perspective by saucer domes designed by Nash in the style of Soane. A second corridor in the suite has Gothic influenced cross over vaulting. The Belgian Rooms themselves were decorated in their present style and named after Prince Albert's uncle Léopold I, first King of the Belgians. In 1936, the suite briefly became the private apartments of the palace when they were occupied by King Edward VIII.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where do foreign heads of stay usually stay in Buckingham Palace?
A: the Belgian Suite', '
Q: What floor are the Belgian Suites located?
A: ground floor', "
Q: The Belgian Suite is located at the foot of which staircase?
A: the Minister's Staircase", '
Q: How are the rooms of the Belgian Suites linked?
A: by narrow corridors', '
Q: What is the style of the saucer domes in the Belgian Suite?
A: the style of Soane', '
Q: Where do foreign heads of stay at Buckingham Palace?
A: the Belgian Suite', "
Q: The Belgian Suite is located at the bottom of which staircase?
A: Minister's Staircase", '
Q: On which floor is the Belgian Suite located?
A: the ground floor', '
Q: How are the rooms in the Belgian Suite connected?
A: by narrow corridors', '
Q: The saucer domes are in whose style?
A: the style of Soane']
Thus, Buckingham Palace is a symbol and home of the British monarchy, an art gallery and a tourist attraction. Behind the gilded railings and gates which were completed by the Bromsgrove Guild in 1911 and Webb's famous façade, which has been described in a book published by the Royal Collection as looking "like everybody's idea of a palace", is not only a weekday home of the Queen and Prince Philip but also the London residence of the Duke of York and the Earl and Countess of Wessex. The palace also houses the offices of the Queen, Prince Philip, Duke of York, Earl and Countess of Wessex, Princess Royal, and Princess Alexandra, and is the workplace of more than 800 people.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Aside from being the home of the monarchy and a tourist attraction, what else is Buckingham Palace known for?
A: art gallery', '
Q: Who made the palaces gilded railings and gates?
A: Bromsgrove Guild', '
Q: How many people work at Buckingham Palace?
A: more than 800', '
Q: Buckingham Palace is also the London Residence for which Duke?
A: Duke of York', '
Q: Who is Buckingham palace home to?
A: the British monarchy', '
Q: Who completed the palaces gilded railing and gates?
A: Bromsgrove Guild', '
Q: In what year were the railings and gates completed?
A: 1911', '
Q: How many people work at Buckingham Palace?
A: 800 people']
The palace, like Windsor Castle, is owned by the Crown Estate. It is not the monarch's personal property, unlike Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle. Many of the contents from Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle, Kensington Palace, and St James's Palace are part of the Royal Collection, held in trust by the Sovereign; they can, on occasion, be viewed by the public at the Queen's Gallery, near the Royal Mews. Unlike the palace and the castle, the purpose-built gallery is open continually and displays a changing selection of items from the collection. It occupies the site of the chapel destroyed by an air raid in World War II. The palace's state rooms have been open to the public during August and September and on selected dates throughout the year since 1993. The money raised in entry fees was originally put towards the rebuilding of Windsor Castle after the 1992 fire devastated many of its state rooms. 476,000 people visited the palace in the 2014–15 financial year.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Buckingham Palace is actually owned by whom?
A: Crown Estate', "
Q: Where can the public view items from the Royal Collection?
A: Queen's Gallery", "
Q: What was located on the site that is now the Queen's Gallery?
A: chapel", "
Q: What part of the palace has been open to the public every August and September and other select dates since 1993?
A: The palace's state rooms", '
Q: Who owns Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle?
A: Crown Estate', "
Q: Where can the public view the Royal Collection?
A: at the Queen's Gallery", '
Q: Since when have the palaces rooms been opened to the public?
A: since 1993', '
Q: How many people visited the palace in the 2014.2015 fiscal year?
A: 476,000 people']
Formerly, men not wearing military uniform wore knee breeches of an 18th-century design. Women's evening dress included obligatory trains and tiaras or feathers in their hair (or both). The dress code governing formal court uniform and dress has progressively relaxed. After World War I, when Queen Mary wished to follow fashion by raising her skirts a few inches from the ground, she requested a lady-in-waiting to shorten her own skirt first to gauge the king's reaction. King George V was horrified, so the queen kept her hemline unfashionably low. Following their accession in 1936, King George VI and his consort, Queen Elizabeth, allowed the hemline of daytime skirts to rise. Today, there is no official dress code. Most men invited to Buckingham Palace in the daytime choose to wear service uniform or lounge suits; a minority wear morning coats, and in the evening, depending on the formality of the occasion, black tie or white tie.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the official dress code today at Buckingham Palace?
A: there is no official dress code', '
Q: Which Queen tried and failed to raise the hemline of her dress after WWI?
A: Queen Mary', "
Q: Which King was horrified to see the Queen's hemline raised a few inches?
A: King George V", '
Q: The hemline of daytime skirts were allowed to rise after which year?
A: 1936', "
Q: The knee breeches men formerly wore to the palace were of what era's design?
A: 18th-century design", "
Q: From what century were men's knee breeches worn at Buckingham designed in?
A: 18th-century design", '
Q: What were women obliged to wear in their hair?
A: tiaras or feathers', "
Q: Which queen wanted to shorten her skirt's hemline?
A: Queen Mary", '
Q: Which King was horrified to see the raised hemline on the Queen?
A: George V', '
Q: What is the dress code today at Buckingham?
A: there is no official dress code']
Court presentations of aristocratic young ladies to the monarch took place at the palace from the reign of Edward VII. These young women were known as débutantes, and the occasion—termed their "coming out"—represented their first entrée into society. Débutantes wore full court dress, with three tall ostrich feathers in their hair. They entered, curtsied, and performed a choreographed backwards walk and a further curtsy, while manoeuvring a dress train of prescribed length. (The ceremony, known as an evening court, corresponded to the "court drawing rooms" of Victoria's reign.) After World War II, the ceremony was replaced by less formal afternoon receptions, usually without choreographed curtsies and court dress.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Under whose reign did court presentations of young aristocratic ladies take place?
A: Edward VII', '
Q: What was the name for the ceremony where debutantes had their first introduction into society?
A: coming out', '
Q: Debutantes wore the feather of which bird in their hair?
A: ostrich feathers', '
Q: After WWII "coming out" ceremonies were replaces with what event?
A: less formal afternoon receptions', '
Q: Under whose reign were young debutantes presented to society at Court?
A: Edward VII', '
Q: What types of feathers did debutantes wear in their hair?
A: ostrich feathers', '
Q: What was the occasion where debutantes were presented to society called?
A: "coming out"', '
Q: After WWII what was the coming out ceremony replaced with?
A: less formal afternoon receptions']
Investitures, which include the conferring of knighthoods by dubbing with a sword, and other awards take place in the palace's Ballroom, built in 1854. At 36.6 m (120 ft) long, 18 m (59 ft) wide and 13.5 m (44 ft) high, it is the largest room in the palace. It has replaced the throne room in importance and use. During investitures, the Queen stands on the throne dais beneath a giant, domed velvet canopy, known as a shamiana or a baldachin, that was used at the Delhi Durbar in 1911. A military band plays in the musicians' gallery as award recipients approach the Queen and receive their honours, watched by their families and friends.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Where do Investitures take place?
A: in the palace's Ballroom", '
Q: What year was The Ballroom built?
A: 1854', '
Q: Which room has The Ballroom replaced in terms of both use and importance?
A: the throne room', "
Q: What is the largest room in the palace?
A: the palace's Ballroom", '
Q: What does the Queen stand on during Investitures?
A: the throne dais', '
Q: Knighthood is given by being dubbed with what object?
A: a sword', '
Q: What is the largest room in the palace?
A: Ballroom', '
Q: The Ballroom replaced which other room in terms of importance and use?
A: the throne room']
State banquets also take place in the Ballroom; these formal dinners are held on the first evening of a state visit by a foreign head of state. On these occasions, for up to 170 guests in formal "white tie and decorations", including tiaras, the dining table is laid with the Grand Service, a collection of silver-gilt plate made in 1811 for the Prince of Wales, later George IV. The largest and most formal reception at Buckingham Palace takes place every November when the Queen entertains members of the diplomatic corps. On this grand occasion, all the state rooms are in use, as the royal family proceed through them, beginning at the great north doors of the Picture Gallery. As Nash had envisaged, all the large, double-mirrored doors stand open, reflecting the numerous crystal chandeliers and sconces, creating a deliberate optical illusion of space and light.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where do State Banquets take place?
A: the Ballroom', '
Q: In what month does the Queen entertain the diplomatic corps?
A: November', '
Q: What is used to set the dining table for formal dinners?
A: the Grand Service', '
Q: When was the Grand Service made?
A: 1811', '
Q: For whom was the Grand Service made?
A: the Prince of Wales', '
Q: Where do state banquets take place?
A: in the Ballroom', '
Q: When are state banquets held?
A: the first evening of a state visit by a foreign head of state', '
Q: What is the dining table laid with for state banquets?
A: the Grand Service', '
Q: Who was the Grand Service originally made for?
A: Prince of Wales']