romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Tech media website CNET gave new Super Slim 4 out of 5 stars ("Excellent"), saying "The Super Slim PlayStation 3 shrinks a powerful gaming machine into an even tinier package while maintaining the same features as its predecessors: a great gaming library and a strong array of streaming services [...]", whilst also criticising the "cheap" design and disc-loader, stating: "Sometimes [the cover] doesn't catch and you feel like you're using one of those old credit card imprinter machines. In short, it feels cheap. You don't realize how convenient autoloading disc trays are until they're gone. Whether it was to cut costs or save space, this move is ultimately a step back." The criticism also was due to price, stating the cheapest Super Slim model was still more expensive than the cheapest Slim model, and that the smaller size and bigger hard drive shouldn't be considered an upgrade when the hard drive on a Slim model is easily removed and replaced. They did praise that the hard drive of the Super Slim model is "the easiest yet. Simply sliding off the side panel reveals the drive bay, which can quickly be unscrewed." They also stated that whilst the Super Slim model is not in any way an upgrade, it could be an indicator as to what's to come. "It may not be revolutionary, but the Super Slim PS3 is the same impressive machine in a much smaller package. There doesn't seem to be any reason for existing PS3 owners to upgrade, but for the prospective PS3 buyer, the Super Slim is probably the way to go if you can deal with not having a slot-loading disc drive."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What website rated the Super Slim four out of five stars?
A: CNET', '
Q: What adjective did CNET use to describe the PS3 Super Slim\'s design?
A: "cheap"', '
Q: What component of the Super Slim did CNET call "the easiest yet"?
A: hard drive', '
Q: What hardware component did CNET have the biggest problem with, even comparing it to an old credit card reader?
A: disc-loader', '
Q: Was the lowest-priced Super Slim more or less expensive than any of the PS3 Slim models?
A: more expensive']
Technology magazine T3 gave the Super Slim model a positive review, stating the console is almost "nostalgic" in the design similarities to the original "fat" model, "While we don’t know whether it will play PS3 games or Blu-ray discs any differently yet, the look and feel of the new PS3 Slim is an obvious homage to the original PS3, minus the considerable excess weight. Immediately we would be concerned about the durability of the top loading tray that feels like it could be yanked straight out off the console, but ultimately it all feels like Sony's nostalgic way of signing off the current generation console in anticipation for the PS4."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What magazine described the Super Slim as "nostalgic"?
A: T3', "
Q: What PlayStation 3 model did T3 feel the Super Slim's design was paying homage to?
A: the original PS3", '
Q: According to T3, what was the main differentiator between the "fat" PS3 and the Super Slim?
A: weight', '
Q: What hardware element did T3 feel might have issues with durability? 
A: the top loading tray', '
Q: T3 felt Sony was saying goodbye to past models in preparation for what next-generation console?
A: the PS4']
Royal assent is sometimes associated with elaborate ceremonies. In the United Kingdom, for instance, the sovereign may appear personally in the House of Lords or may appoint Lords Commissioners, who announce that royal assent has been granted at a ceremony held at the Palace of Westminster. However, royal assent is usually granted less ceremonially by letters patent. In other nations, such as Australia, the governor-general merely signs the bill. In Canada, the governor general may give assent either in person at a ceremony held in the Senate or by a written declaration notifying parliament of his or her agreement to the bill.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When royal assent takes place in the UK, where does the sovereign make an appearance?
A: House of Lords', "
Q: Alternatively, when UK Lord Commissioners take the sovereign's place in the ceremony, where does the ceremony take place?
A: Palace of Westminster", '
Q: Canadian governor generals can give their assent in person or by which other method?
A: written declaration', '
Q: With what is royal assent sometimes associated with?
A: elaborate ceremonies', '
Q: Where is a royal assent ceremony held within the United Kingdom?
A: Palace of Westminster', '
Q: With what method is royal assent generally granted?
A: letters patent', '
Q: How is royal assent granted within Australia?
A: the governor-general merely signs the bill']
Royal assent is the method by which a country's constitutional monarch (possibly through a delegated official) formally approves an act of that nation's parliament, thus making it a law or letting it be promulgated as law. In the vast majority of contemporary monarchies, this act is considered to be little more than a formality; even in those nations which still permit their ruler to withhold the royal assent (such as the United Kingdom, Norway, and Liechtenstein), the monarch almost never does so, save in a dire political emergency or upon the advice of their government. While the power to withhold royal assent was once exercised often in European monarchies, it is exceedingly rare in the modern, democratic political atmosphere that has developed there since the 18th century.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Royal assent is a process of approving a nation's legislative acts by whom?
A: constitutional monarch", '
Q: Which three modern monarchies allow their ruler to withhold royal assent?
A: United Kingdom, Norway, and Liechtenstein', '
Q: Since which century have modern political processes forgone royal assent?
A: 18th', '
Q: What nations allow the withold of the royal assent?
A: United Kingdom, Norway, and Liechtenstein', '
Q: Under what circumstances does a monarch typically use the royal assent?
A: a dire political emergency or upon the advice of their government', "
Q: Is usage of the royal assent frequent or rare in today's societies?
A: exceedingly rare"]
Under modern constitutional conventions, the sovereign acts on the advice of his or her ministers. Since these ministers most often maintain the support of parliament and are the ones who obtain the passage of bills, it is highly improbable that they would advise the sovereign to withhold assent. An exception is sometimes stated to be if bills are not passed in good faith, though it is difficult to make an interpretation on what this circumstance might constitute. Hence, in modern practice, royal assent is always granted; a refusal to do so would be appropriate only in an emergency requiring the use of the monarch's reserve powers.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Modern-day sovereigns often acts on the advice of whom?
A: ministers', '
Q: In the event that the monarch refuses to give royal assent, what can the monarch make use of?
A: reserve powers', '
Q: Whose advice does a sovereign follow?
A: his or her ministers', '
Q: Who often maintains parliamentary support and obtains the passage of bills?
A: ministers', '
Q: Is it probable, improbable, or impossible that a sovereign would withhold assent?
A: improbable']
Originally, legislative power was exercised by the sovereign acting on the advice of the Curia Regis, or Royal Council, in which important magnates and clerics participated and which evolved into parliament. The so-called Model Parliament included bishops, abbots, earls, barons, and two knights from each shire and two burgesses from each borough among its members. In 1265, the Earl of Leicester irregularly called a full parliament without royal authorisation. The body eventually came to be divided into two branches: bishops, abbots, earls, and barons formed the House of Lords, while the shire and borough representatives formed the House of Commons. The King would seek the advice and consent of both houses before making any law. During Henry VI's reign, it became regular practice for the two houses to originate legislation in the form of bills, which would not become law unless the sovereign's assent was obtained, as the sovereign was, and still remains, the enactor of laws. Hence, all acts include the clause "Be it enacted by the Queen's (King's) most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows...". The Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 provide a second potential preamble if the House of Lords were to be excluded from the process.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is another name for "Curia Regis"?
A: Royal Council', '
Q: Who was it that peculiarly called a full parliament without royal authorization in 1265?
A: Earl of Leicester', '
Q: As a result, the bishops, abbots, earls, and barons formed which body of parliament?
A: House of Lords', '
Q: Which body did the shire and borough representatives form?
A: House of Commons', '
Q: From what did parliament evolve?
A: Curia Regis, or Royal Council', '
Q: What positions were contained within the House of Lords?
A: bishops, abbots, earls, and barons', '
Q: Which branch of parliament contains shire and borough representatives?
A: House of Commons', '
Q: A bill could not become a law without whose assent?
A: the sovereign', '
Q: Who is considered the enactor of laws?
A: the sovereign']
The power of parliament to pass bills was often thwarted by monarchs. Charles I dissolved parliament in 1629, after it passed motions critical of and bills seeking to restrict his arbitrary exercise of power. During the eleven years of personal rule that followed, Charles performed legally dubious actions, such as raising taxes without parliament's approval. After the English Civil War, it was accepted that parliament should be summoned to meet regularly, but it was still commonplace for monarchs to refuse royal assent to bills. In 1678, Charles II withheld his assent from a bill "for preserving the Peace of the Kingdom by raising the Militia, and continuing them in Duty for Two and Forty Days," suggesting that he, not parliament, should control the militia. The last Stuart monarch, Anne, similarly withheld on 11 March 1708, on the advice of her ministers, her assent from a bill for the settling of Militia in Scotland. No monarch has since withheld royal assent on a bill passed by the British parliament.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which monarch was responsible for dissolving parliament in 1629?
A: Charles I', '
Q: What is one action this monarch took that is typically left to the discretion of parliament?
A: raising taxes', '
Q: After which event was it decided that parliament should meet on a regular basis?
A: English Civil War', '
Q: Like Charles II had previously done, the last Stuart monarch withheld assent. Who was this monarch?
A: Anne', '
Q: Which ruler removed parliament in 1629?
A: Charles I', '
Q: Under whose advice did Anne withold the royal assent?
A: her ministers', '
Q: What did motions attempt to accomplish that prompted Charles I to dissolve parliament in 1629?
A: restrict his arbitrary exercise of power', '
Q: When was the last time royal assent was enacted?
A: 11 March 1708', '
Q: Who was the last monarch to use the royal assent in 1708?
A: Anne']
During the rule of the succeeding Hanoverian dynasty, power was gradually exercised more by parliament and the government. The first Hanoverian monarch, George I, relied on his ministers to a greater extent than did previous monarchs. Later Hanoverian monarchs attempted to restore royal control over legislation: George III and George IV both openly opposed Catholic Emancipation and asserted that to grant assent to a Catholic emancipation bill would violate the Coronation Oath, which required the sovereign to preserve and protect the established Church of England from Papal domination and would grant rights to individuals who were in league with a foreign power which did not recognise their legitimacy. However, George IV reluctantly granted his assent upon the advice of his ministers. Thus, as the concept of ministerial responsibility has evolved, the power to withhold royal assent has fallen into disuse, both in the United Kingdom and in the other Commonwealth realms.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: During whose rule was power transferred more to parliament?
A: Hanoverian dynasty', '
Q: Who was the first ruler during this dynasty?
A: George I', '
Q: In attempting to take back control, George III and George IV opposed which church movement?
A: Catholic Emancipation', '
Q: Which monarch relied on his ministers more than any of his predecessors?
A: George I', '
Q: What did George III and George IV both oppose?
A: Catholic Emancipation', '
Q: What rule did George III and George IV believe a Catholic emancipation bill would violate?
A: Coronation Oath', '
Q: Which monarch granted assent reluctantly under the advise of his ministers?
A: George IV']
Royal assent is the final stage in the legislative process for acts of the Scottish parliament. The process is governed by sections 28, 32, and 33 of the Scotland Act 1998. After a bill has been passed, the Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament submits it to the monarch for royal assent after a four-week period, during which the Advocate General for Scotland, the Lord Advocate, the Attorney General or the Secretary of State for Scotland may refer the bill to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom (prior to 1 October 2009, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council) for review of its legality. Royal assent is signified by letters patent under the Great Seal of Scotland in the following form which is set out in The Scottish Parliament (Letters Patent and Proclamations) Order 1999 (SI 1999/737) and of which notice is published in the London, Edinburgh, and Belfast Gazettes:

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In Scotland, who is responsible for submitting a bill for royal assent?
A: Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament', '
Q: Which three publications are used to signify royal assent?
A: London, Edinburgh, and Belfast Gazettes', '
Q: Under which Scotland Act sections is the royal assent governed?
A: 28, 32, and 33', '
Q: How many weeks pass before the monarch receives a bill from the Presiding Officer?
A: four-week period', '
Q: Which entities have the capability to refer a bill to the Supreme Court?
A: Advocate General for Scotland, the Lord Advocate, the Attorney General or the Secretary of State', '
Q: For what would a bill be submitted to the Supreme Court of Scotland?
A: review of its legality']
Measures, which were the means by which the National Assembly for Wales passed legislation between 2006 and 2011, were assented to by the Queen by means of an Order in Council. Section 102 of the Government of Wales Act 2006 required the Clerk to the Assembly to present measures passed by the assembly after a four-week period during which the Counsel General for Wales or the Attorney General could refer the proposed measure to the Supreme Court for a decision as to whether the measure was within the assembly's legislative competence.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What was the name of the method by which Wales passed legislation in the 2000's?
A: Measures", '
Q: After a four-week period, who could refer a proposed measure to the Supreme Court?
A: Counsel General for Wales or the Attorney General', '
Q: What were "measures" in Wales?
A: the means by which the National Assembly for Wales passed legislation between 2006 and 2011', '
Q: During which years were measures used in order to pass legislation in Wales?
A: 2006 and 2011', '
Q: In Wales, who had the capability of submitting a bill to the Supreme Court?
A: Counsel General for Wales or the Attorney General']
Instead, the monarch directly grants royal assent by Order in Council. Assent is granted or refused on the advice of the Lord Chancellor. A recent example when assent was refused (or, more correctly, when the Lord Chancellor declined to present the law for assent) was in 2007, concerning reforms to the constitution of the Chief Pleas of Sark. (A revised version of the proposed reforms was subsequently given assent.) In 2011, campaigners against a law that sought to reduce the number of senators in the states of Jersey petitioned the Privy Council to advise the Queen to refuse royal assent. An Order in Council of 13 July 2011 established new rules for the consideration of petitions against granting royal assent.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: The sovereign grants assent by which order?
A: Order in Council', '
Q: Who advises the sovereign in this decision?
A: Lord Chancellor', '
Q: Which recent petition for reforms to the constitution led to assent being refused?
A: Chief Pleas of Sark', '
Q: Who advises a bill to be granted or refused?
A: Lord Chancellor', '
Q: When was an Order in Counil passed that laid out new rules for consideration of petitions against the royal assent?
A: 13 July 2011', '
Q: In what year did the Lord Chancellor refuse to present a law  concerning constituational reform for assent?
A: 2007', '
Q: What was the subject of the bill that the Lord Chancellor refused to present for royal assent in 2007?
A: reforms to the constitution of the Chief Pleas of Sark']
Royal assent is not sufficient to give legal effect to an Act of Tynwald. By ancient custom, an act did not come into force until it had been promulgated at an open-air sitting of Tynwald, usually held on Tynwald Hill at St John's on St John's Day (24 June), but, since the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in 1753, on 5 July (or on the following Monday if 5 July is a Saturday or Sunday). Promulgation originally consisted of the reading of the Act in English and Manx; but, after 1865 the reading of the title of the act and a summary of each section were sufficient. This was reduced in 1895 to the titles and a memorandum of the object and purport of the act, and, since 1988, only the short title and a summary of the long title have been read.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Under ancient custom, an Act of Tynwald didn't go into effect until decreed at which location?
A: Tynwald Hill at St John's", '
Q: Promulgation of an Act of Tynwald originally consisted of reading it in English and which other language?
A: Manx', '
Q: Nowadays, only the short title and what else are read?
A: summary of the long title', "
Q: How much of the proposed act must be currently read aloud on St John's Day?
A: only the short title and a summary of the long title", "
Q: On what day does St John's Day occur?
A: (24 June)", "
Q: Where is the open-air sitting of Tynwald usually held?
A: Tynwald Hill at St John's"]
Since 1993, the Sodor and Man Diocesan Synod has had power to enact measures making provision "with respect to any matter concerning the Church of England in the Island". If approved by Tynwald, a measure "shall have the force and effect of an Act of Tynwald upon the Royal Assent thereto being announced to Tynwald". Between 1979 and 1993, the Synod had similar powers, but limited to the extension to the Isle of Man of measures of the General Synod. Before 1994, royal assent was granted by Order in Council, as for a bill, but the power to grant royal assent to measures has now been delegated to the lieutenant governor. A Measure does not require promulgation.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Since 1993, which body has had power to enact measures?
A: Sodor and Man Diocesan Synod', '
Q: This body makes provisions in respect to matters concerning whom?
A: Church of England in the Island', '
Q: Up until 1994, royal assent was given by whom?
A: Order in Council', '
Q: Which position now has the power to grant royal assent?
A: lieutenant governor', '
Q: Before what year was royal assent approved by Order in Council?
A: 1994', '
Q: Who currently holds the power to grant royal assent to measures?
A: the lieutenant governor', '
Q: During which years did the Synod have power to enact measures?
A: Between 1979 and 1993']
If the Governor General of Canada is unable to give assent, it can be done by either the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. It is not actually necessary for the governor general to sign a bill passed by a legislature, the signature being merely an attestation. In each case, the parliament must be apprised of the granting of assent before the bill is considered to have become law. Two methods are available: the sovereign's representatives may grant assent in the presence of both houses of parliament; alternatively, each house may be notified separately, usually by the speaker of that house. However, though both houses must be notified on the same day, notice to the House of Commons while it is not in session may be given by way of publishing a special issue of the Journals of the House of Commons, whereas the Senate must be sitting and the governor general's letter read aloud by the speaker.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In the Canadian federal government, who is typically responsible for deciding wether to give assent?
A: the Governor General of Canada', '
Q: Which positions from the Canadian Supreme Court may also give assent if need be?
A: Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice', '
Q: Who has the capability of granting assent if the Governer General of Canada cannot?
A: the Deputy of the Governor General of Canada—the Chief Justice of Canada—or another justice of the Supreme Court of Canada', '
Q: How many methods are available to grant assent in Canada?
A: Two', '
Q: If each house of parliament is notified seperately, what regulation applies?
A: both houses must be notified on the same day', '
Q: How can the House of Commons be notified of assent if it is not in session?
A: publishing a special issue of the Journals of the House of Commons', "
Q: In contrast to the House of Commons, how must the Senate be notified of assent?
A: governor general's letter read aloud by the speaker"]
While royal assent has not been withheld in the United Kingdom since 1708, it has often been withheld in British colonies and former colonies by governors acting on royal instructions. In the United States Declaration of Independence, colonists complained that George III "has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good [and] has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them." Even after colonies such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, and Newfoundland were granted responsible government, the British government continued to sometimes advise governors-general on the granting of assent; assent was also occasionally reserved to allow the British government to examine a bill before advising the governor-general.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which year was royal assent last withheld in the UK?
A: 1708', '
Q: The United States Declaration of Independence mentions which British monarch?
A: George III', '
Q: What did the American colonies accuse the monarch of?
A: refused his Assent to Laws', '
Q: In what year was royal assent last witheld in the UK?
A: 1708', '
Q: Who continued to advise governors-general of granting of assent, even after their colonies had responsible government?
A: the British government', '
Q: To whom did the British government occasionally still advice on the royal assent, although they had their own responsible governments?
A: colonies such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, and Newfoundland']