romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Nanjing has some of the oldest and finest museums in China. Nanjing Museum, formerly known as National Central Museum during ROC period, is the first modern museum and remains as one of the leading museums in China having 400,000 items in its permanent collection,. The museum is notable for enormous collections of Ming and Qing imperial porcelain, which is among the largest in the world. Other museums include the City Museum of Nanjing in the Chaotian Palace, the Oriental Metropolitan Museum, the China Modern History Museum in the Presidential Palace, the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall, the Taiping Kingdom History Museum, Jiangning Imperial Silk Manufacturing Museum, Nanjing Yunjin Museum, Nanjing City Wall Cultural Museum, Nanjing Customs Museum in Ganxi House, Nanjing Astronomical History Museum, Nanjing Paleontological Museum, Nanjing Geological Museum, Nanjing Riverstones Museum, and other museums and memorials such Zheng He Memorial, Jinling Four Modern Calligraphers Memorial.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What city contains some of the finest and oldest museums in all of China?
A: Nanjing', '
Q: What is the previous name of the Nanjing Museum?
A: National Central Museum', '
Q: Which museum was the first modern one in China?
A: Nanjing Museum', '
Q: What collections are the Nanjing Museum famous for?
A: Ming and Qing imperial porcelain', '
Q: How many items does the Nanjing Museum contain?
A: 400,000 items']
Most of Nanjing's major theatres are multi-purpose, used as convention halls, cinemas, musical halls and theatres on different occasions. The major theatres include the People's Convention Hall and the Nanjing Arts and Culture Center. The Capital Theatre well known in the past is now a museum in theatre/film.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What can most of Nanjing's multi-purpose theatres be used for?
A: convention halls, cinemas, musical halls and theatres", "
Q: What are the two most prominent theatres in Nanjing?
A: the People's Convention Hall and the Nanjing Arts and Culture Center", '
Q: What is the current purpose of The Capital Theatre?
A: a museum in theatre/film', '
Q: What was the popularity of The Capital Theater, in the past?
A: well known']
Traditionally Nanjing's nightlife was mostly centered around Nanjing Fuzimiao (Confucius Temple) area along the Qinhuai River, where night markets, restaurants and pubs thrived. Boating at night in the river was a main attraction of the city. Thus, one can see the statues of the famous teachers and educators of the past not too far from those of the courtesans who educated the young men in the other arts.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Where have Nanjing's after-hours activities typically been located?
A: around Nanjing Fuzimiao (Confucius Temple) area along the Qinhuai River", '
Q: What three things were popular in the Nanjing Fuzimiao area?
A: night markets, restaurants and pubs', '
Q: What was a major night attraction for Nanjing?
A: Boating at night in the river', '
Q: What statues are near the ones of teachers and educators?
A: courtesans', '
Q: What is another name for Nanjing Fuzimiao?
A: Confucius Temple']
In the past 20 years, several commercial streets have been developed, hence the nightlife has become more diverse: there are shopping malls opening late in the Xinjiekou CBD and Hunan Road. The well-established "Nanjing 1912" district hosts a wide variety of recreational facilities ranging from traditional restaurants and western pubs to dance clubs. There are two major areas where bars are densely located; one is in 1912 block; the other is along Shanghai road and its neighbourhood. Both are popular with international residents of the city.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did more commercial streets become built in Nanjing?
A: In the past 20 years', '
Q: What has happened as the result of more commercial streets in Nanjing?
A: the nightlife has become more diverse', '
Q: What area has lots of types of recreational outlets?
A: "Nanjing 1912"', '
Q: Other than at "Nanjing 1912", where else are there a lot of bars?
A: along Shanghai road and its neighbourhood', '
Q: The two areas with a lot of bars are popular with whom?
A: international residents of the city']
The radish is also a typical food representing people of Nanjing, which has been spread through word of mouth as an interesting fact for many years in China. According to Nanjing.GOV.cn, "There is a long history of growing radish in Nanjing especially the southern suburb. In the spring, the radish tastes very juicy and sweet. It is well-known that people in Nanjing like eating radish. And the people are even addressed as 'Nanjing big radish', which means they are unsophisticated, passionate and conservative. From health perspective, eating radish can help to offset the stodgy food that people take during the Spring Festival".

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is considered to be a typical food for a Nanjing resident?
A: radish', '
Q: Which area has the longest history of growing radish?
A: the southern suburb', '
Q: What does the radish taste like in the spring?
A: very juicy and sweet', "
Q: What are Nanjing people called by others?
A: 'Nanjing big radish'", "
Q: What does calling someone 'Nanjing big radish' mean they are like?
A: they are unsophisticated, passionate and conservative"]
As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Jiangsu Sainty, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which has long been one of the major clubs fighting for the title in China top level league, CBA. Jiangsu Volleyball men and women teams are also traditionally considered as at top level in China volleyball league.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Generally, what types of teams call Nanjing home?
A: many professional sports teams', '
Q: What is the name of the football club in Nanjing?
A: Jiangsu Sainty', '
Q: What building is home to Jiangsu Sainty?
A: Nanjing Olympic Sports Center', '
Q: What is the name of the major basketball team in Nanjing?
A: Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club', "
Q: What is the name of China's highest level basketball league?
A: CBA"]
There are two major sports centers in Nanjing, Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Both of these two are comprehensive sports centers, including stadium, gymnasium, natatorium, tennis court, etc. Wutaishan Sports Center was established in 1952 and it was one of the oldest and most advanced stadiums in early time of People's Republic of China.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which sports center started in 1952?
A: Wutaishan Sports Center', '
Q: How many major sports centers are located in Nanjing?
A: two', '
Q: What type of sports centers are Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center considered to be?
A: comprehensive sports centers', "
Q: What is special about Wutaishan Sports Center, from a historical perspective?
A: it was one of the oldest and most advanced stadiums in early time of People's Republic of China.", '
Q: Both Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center contain a stadium, gymnasium, natatorium, and what other facility?
A: tennis court']
In 2005, in order to host The 10th National Game of People's Republic of China, there was a new stadium, Nanjing Olympic Sports Center, constructed in Nanjing. Compared to Wutaishan Sports Center, which the major stadium's capacity is 18,500, Nanjing Olympic Sports Center has a more advanced stadium which is big enough to seat 60,000 spectators. Its gymnasium has capacity of 13,000, and natatorium of capacity 3,000.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was the Nanjing Olympic Sports Center built?
A: 2005', "
Q: Why was the Nanjing Olympic Sports Center built?
A: in order to host The 10th National Game of People's Republic of China", "
Q: How many people can Nanjing Olympic Sports Center's stadium hold?
A: 60,000", "
Q: How many people can Nanjing Olympic Sports Center's gymnasium hold?
A: 13,000", "
Q: How many people can Nanjing Olympic Sports Center's natatorium hold?
A: 3,000"]
On 10 February 2010, the 122nd IOC session at Vancouver announced Nanjing as the host city for the 2nd Summer Youth Olympic Games. The slogan of the 2014 Youth Olympic Games was “Share the Games, Share our Dreams”. The Nanjing 2014 Youth Olympic Games featured all 28 sports on the Olympic programme and were held from 16 to 28 August. The Nanjing Youth Olympic Games Organising Committee (NYOGOC) worked together with the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to attract the best young athletes from around the world to compete at the highest level. Off the competition fields, an integrated culture and education programme focused on discussions about education, Olympic values, social challenges, and cultural diversity. The YOG aims to spread the Olympic spirit and encourage sports participation.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was Nanjing announced as the host city for the 2nd Summer Youth Olympic Games?
A: 10 February 2010', '
Q: What was the theme for the 2014 Youth Olympic Games?
A: “Share the Games, Share our Dreams”', '
Q: How many types of sports were performed in the 2014 Youth Olympic Games?
A: 28', '
Q: What type of spirit does the Youth Olympic Games hope to spread?
A: the Olympic spirit', '
Q: When was the 2014 Youth Olympic Games?
A: from 16 to 28 August']
Nanjing is one of the most beautiful cities of mainland China with lush green parks, natural scenic lakes, small mountains, historical buildings and monuments, relics and much more, which attracts thousands of tourists every year.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Nanjing is considered one of the most pretty cities in what region?
A: mainland China', '
Q: How many tourists does Nanjing receive each year?
A: thousands', '
Q: What type of buildings attract tourists to Nanjing?
A: historical buildings', '
Q: List three natural attractions of Nanjing.
A: lush green parks, natural scenic lakes, small mountains']
Because it was designated as the national capital, many structures were built around that time. Even today, some of them still remain which are open to tourists.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the designation of Nanjing?
A: the national capital', '
Q: What happened around the time that Nanjing was designated as the capital?
A: many structures were built', '
Q: Are any of the structures that were built at that time still around?
A: some of them still remain', '
Q: The structures that still remain are open to whom?
A: tourists']
Nanjing has been the educational centre in southern China for more than 1700 years. There are 75 institutions of higher learning till 2013. The number of National key laboratories, National key disciplines and the academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering all rank third in the nation. It boasts some of the most prominent educational institutions in the region, some of which are listed as follows:

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How long has Nanjing been considered the education hub of southern China?
A: more than 1700 years', '
Q: How many places of higher learning are in Nanjing?
A: 75', "
Q: What is Nanjing's nationwide ranking for National key laboratories?
A: third", "
Q: What is Nanjing's nationwide ranking for National key disciplines?
A: third", '
Q: What type of educational institutions are in the area, that Nanjing can brag about?
A: some of the most prominent']
The city of Bern or Berne (German: Bern, pronounced [bɛrn] ( listen); French: Berne [bɛʁn]; Italian: Berna [ˈbɛrna]; Romansh: Berna  [ˈbɛrnɐ] (help·info); Bernese German: Bärn [b̥æːrn]) is the de facto capital of Switzerland, referred to by the Swiss as their (e.g. in German) Bundesstadt, or "federal city".[note 1] With a population of 140,634 (November 2015), Bern is the fifth most populous city in Switzerland. The Bern agglomeration, which includes 36 municipalities, had a population of 406,900 in 2014. The metropolitan area had a population of 660,000 in 2000. Bern is also the capital of the Canton of Bern, the second most populous of Switzerland's cantons.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What city is the de facto capital of Switserland? 
A: Berne', "
Q:  What is the second most populous of Switzerland's cantons?
A: Canton of Bern", '
Q: Which canton is Berne the capital?
A: Canton of Bern', '
Q: How many municipalities are in the Berne agglomeration?
A: 36 municipalities', '
Q: What is the population of Berne?
A: 140,634', '
Q: Where is Bern located? 
A: Switzerland', '
Q: How many municiplaities are in Bern?
A: 36', '
Q: Bern is the capitol of which canton?
A: Canton of Bern', '
Q: Where does Bern rank in population in Switzerland?
A: second']
The official language of Bern is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the Alemannic Swiss German dialect called Bernese German.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the official language of Bern?
A: German', '
Q: What is the main language spoken in Bern?
A: Bernese German', '
Q: What dialect is Bernese German?
A: Alemannic Swiss', '
Q: What is the official language of Bern?
A: German']
In 1983 the historic old town in the centre of Bern became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Bern is ranked among the world’s top ten cities for the best quality of life (2010).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year did the historic old town in the center of Bern become a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
A: 1983', "
Q: What is Bern's ranking for the best quality of life?
A: the world’s top ten", '
Q: Where is the UNESCO World Heritage Site located?
A: the centre of Bern', '
Q: In what year was Bern ranked as one of the 10 best cities for their quality of life?
A: 2010', '
Q: Where is the UNESCO World Heritage Site?
A: centre of Bern', '
Q: Where does Bern rank for top cities for the best quality of life?
A: top ten', '
Q: When did the centre of Bern become the UNESCO World Heritage Site?
A: 1983']
The etymology of the name Bern is uncertain. According to the local legend, based on folk etymology, Berchtold V, Duke of Zähringen, the founder of the city of Bern, vowed to name the city after the first animal he met on the hunt, and this turned out to be a bear. It has long been considered likely that the city was named after the Italian city of Verona, which at the time was known as Bern in Middle High German. As a result of the find of the Bern zinc tablet in the 1980s, it is now more common to assume that the city was named after a pre-existing toponym of Celtic origin, possibly *berna "cleft". The bear was the heraldic animal of the seal and coat of arms of Bern from at least the 1220s. The earliest reference to the keeping of live bears in the Bärengraben dates to the 1440s.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was the founder of the city of Bern?
A: Berchtold V, Duke of Zähringen', '
Q: What animal does legend say Bern is named after?
A: a bear', '
Q: What is the earliest reference to keeping live bears in the Bärengraben?
A: the 1440s', '
Q: What is the common assumption of what Bern was named after?
A: a pre-existing toponym of Celtic origin, possibly *berna "cleft"', '
Q: Finding what in the 1980s changed the assumption as to what the city was named after?
A: the Bern zinc tablet', '
Q: What animal is on the seal and coat of arms of Bern?
A: bear', '
Q: What live animals did they keep in the Bärengraben?
A: bears', '
Q: What is the earliest that they kept live bears in the Bärengraben?
A: 1440s.']
No archaeological evidence that indicates a settlement on the site of today′s city centre prior to the 12th century has been found so far. In antiquity, a Celtic oppidum stood on the Engehalbinsel (peninsula) north of Bern, fortified since the 2nd century BC (late La Tène period), thought to be one of the twelve oppida of the Helvetii mentioned by Caesar. During the Roman era, there was a Gallo-Roman vicus on the same site. The Bern zinc tablet has the name Brenodor ("dwelling of Breno"). In the Early Middle Ages, there was a settlement in Bümpliz, now a city district of Bern, some 4 km (2 mi) from the medieval city.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was the earliest evidnce of settlement in the city centre?
A: 12th century', '
Q: What era was there a Gallo-Roman vicus on the same site?
A: Roman era', '
Q: What is the name of the Bern zinc tablet?
A: Brenodor', '
Q: When was the settlement in Bumpliz close to the medieval city?
A: Early Middle Ages']
The medieval city is a foundation of the Zähringer ruling family, which rose to power in Upper Burgundy in the 12th century. According to 14th century historiography (Cronica de Berno, 1309), Bern was founded in 1191 by Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: The medieval city is a foundation of what family?
A: Zähringer', '
Q: When did the Zahringer ruling family rise to power?
A: 12th century', '
Q: Where did the Zahringer ruling family rise to power?
A: Upper Burgundy', '
Q: What year was Bern founded?
A: 1191', '
Q: Who founded Bern?
A: Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen']
In 1353 Bern joined the Swiss Confederacy, becoming one of the eight cantons of the formative period of 1353 to 1481. Bern invaded and conquered Aargau in 1415 and Vaud in 1536, as well as other smaller territories; thereby becoming the largest city-state north of the Alps, by the 18th century comprising most of what is today the canton of Bern and the canton of Vaud.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: what year did Bern join the Swiss Confederacy?
A: 1353', '
Q: How many cantons were there between 1353 to 1481?
A: 8', '
Q: What year did Bern invade Aargau?
A: 1415', '
Q: What is the largest city-state north of the Alps?
A: Bern']
The city grew out towards the west of the boundaries of the peninsula formed by the River Aare. The Zytglogge tower marked the western boundary of the city from 1191 until 1256, when the Käfigturm took over this role until 1345. It was, in turn, succeeded by the Christoffelturm (formerly located close to the site of the modern-day railway station) until 1622. During the time of the Thirty Years' War, two new fortifications – the so-called big and small Schanze (entrenchment) – were built to protect the whole area of the peninsula.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What river was the city near?
A: River Aare', '
Q: What was the name of the tower that was the western boundary?
A: Zytglogge', '
Q: What tower took over after Zytglogge?
A: Käfigturm', '
Q: What did the big and small Schanze protect?
A: the whole area of the peninsula']
After a major blaze in 1405, the city's original wooden buildings were gradually replaced by half-timbered houses and subsequently the sandstone buildings which came to be characteristic for the Old Town. Despite the waves of pestilence that hit Europe in the 14th century, the city continued to grow: mainly due to immigration from the surrounding countryside.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year was there a huge fire?
A: 1405', "
Q: What was destroyed in the fire?
A: the city's original wooden buildings"]
Bern was occupied by French troops in 1798 during the French Revolutionary Wars, when it was stripped of parts of its territories. It regained control of the Bernese Oberland in 1802, and following the Congress of Vienna of 1814, it newly acquired the Bernese Jura. At this time, it once again became the largest canton of the confederacy as it stood during the Restoration and until the secession of the canton of Jura in 1979. Bern was made the Federal City (seat of the Federal Assembly) within the new Swiss federal state in 1848.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year was Bern occupied by French troops?
A: 1798', '
Q: Why were French troops in Bern?
A: French Revolutionary Wars', '
Q: When did Bern regain control of Bernese Oberland?
A: 1802', '
Q: What new territory was aquired in 1814?
A: Bernese Jura.', '
Q: When did the canton of Jura seceed?
A: 1979']
A number of congresses of the socialist First and Second Internationals were held in Bern, particularly during World War I when Switzerland was neutral; see Bern International.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What congresses were held in Bern?
A: First and Second Internationals', '
Q: In World War I, what side was Switzerland on?
A: Switzerland was neutral']
The city's population rose from about 5,000 in the 15th century to about 12,000 by 1800 and to above 60,000 by 1900, passing the 100,000 mark during the 1920s. Population peaked during the 1960s at 165,000, and has since decreased slightly, to below 130,000 by 2000. As of October 2015, the resident population stood at 140,634, of which 100,634 were Swiss citizens and 40,000 (30%) resident foreigners. A further estimated 350,000 people live in the immediate urban agglomeration.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What percent of the populatin of Bern resident foreigners?
A: 30%']
Bern lies on the Swiss plateau in the Canton of Bern, slightly west of the centre of Switzerland and 20 km (12 mi) north of the Bernese Alps. The countryside around Bern was formed by glaciers during the most recent Ice Age. The two mountains closest to Bern are Gurten with a height of 864 m (2,835 ft) and Bantiger with a height of 947 m (3,107 ft). The site of the old observatory in Bern is the point of origin of the CH1903 coordinate system at 46°57′08.66″N 7°26′22.50″E﻿ / ﻿46.9524056°N 7.4395833°E﻿ / 46.9524056; 7.4395833.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where is Bern located?
A: the Swiss plateau in the Canton of Bern', '
Q: What helped form the Bern countryside?
A: glaciers', '
Q: What is the tallest mountain closests to Bern?
A: Bantiger']
The city was originally built on a hilly peninsula surrounded by the River Aare, but outgrew natural boundaries by the 19th century. A number of bridges have been built to allow the city to expand beyond the Aare.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What peninsula is Bern located on?
A: Aare', '
Q: What was built to help Bern grow bigger than the peninula?
A: bridges', '
Q: What century did Bern outgrow the peninsula?
A: 19th century']
Bern is built on very uneven ground. There is an elevation difference of several metres between the inner city districts on the Aare (Matte, Marzili) and the higher ones (Kirchenfeld, Länggasse).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What type of ground was Bern built on?
A: uneven ground.', '
Q: What is the elevation difference between the inner cities and the other cities?
A: several metres', '
Q: Which city is higher, Matte or Langgasse?
A: Länggasse']
Bern has an area, as of 2009[update], of 51.62 square kilometers (19.93 sq mi). Of this area, 9.79 square kilometers (3.78 sq mi) or 19.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 17.33 square kilometers (6.69 sq mi) or 33.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 23.25 square kilometers (8.98 sq mi) or 45.0% is settled (buildings or roads), 1.06 square kilometers (0.41 sq mi) or 2.1% is either rivers or lakes and 0.16 square kilometers (0.062 sq mi) or 0.3% is unproductive land.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is 33.6% of the land in Bern?
A: forested', '
Q: When was the last time the area of Bern was measured?
A: 2009']