romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Philadelphia's an annualized unemployment rate was 7.8% in 2014, down from 10.0%the previous year. This is higher than the national average of 6.2%. Similarly, the rate of new jobs added to the city's economy lagged behind the national job growth. In 2014, about 8,800 jobs were added to the city's economy. Sectors with the largest number of jobs added were in education and health services, leisure and hospitality, and professional and business services. Declines were seen in the city's manufacturing and government sectors.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Unemployment rate in 2014?
A: 7.8%', '
Q: What was the average unemployment rate in the U.S. in 2014?
A: 6.2%', '
Q: How many jobs were gained in 2014?
A: 8,800', "
Q: What industries accounted for most of the city's job gains?
A: education and health services, leisure and hospitality, and professional and business services", '
Q: What industries suffered declines?
A: manufacturing and government']
Philadelphia is home to many national historical sites that relate to the founding of the United States. Independence National Historical Park is the center of these historical landmarks being one of the country's 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was signed, and the Liberty Bell are the city's most famous attractions. Other historic sites include homes for Edgar Allan Poe, Betsy Ross, and Thaddeus Kosciuszko, early government buildings like the First and Second Banks of the United States, Fort Mifflin, and the Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church. Philadelphia alone has 67 National Historic Landmarks, the third most of any city in the country.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which is the biggest historical sites?
A: Independence National Historical Park', '
Q: How many UNESCO sites does the U.S. have?
A: 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites', '
Q: Where was the Declaration of Independence signed?
A: Independence National Historical Park', '
Q: What famous bell is in Philadelphia?
A: the Liberty Bell', '
Q: What famous writer has a house in Philadelphia?
A: Edgar Allan Poe']
Philadelphia's major science museums include the Franklin Institute, which contains the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial; the Academy of Natural Sciences; the Mütter Museum; and the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. History museums include the National Constitution Center, the Atwater Kent Museum of Philadelphia History, the National Museum of American Jewish History, the African American Museum in Philadelphia, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons in the state of Pennsylvania and The Masonic Library and Museum of Pennsylvania and Eastern State Penitentiary. Philadelphia is home to the United States' first zoo and hospital, as well as Fairmount Park, one of America's oldest and largest urban parks.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Name the archaeology museum?
A: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology', '
Q: Name a museum named after a founding father?
A: Franklin Institute', '
Q: Which city had the nations first zoo?
A: Philadelphia', "
Q: Name Philidelphia's largest park?
A: Fairmount Park"]
The Philadelphia dialect, which is spread throughout the Delaware Valley and South Jersey, is part of Mid-Atlantic American English, and as such it is identical in many ways to the Baltimore dialect. Unlike the Baltimore dialect, however, the Philadelphia accent also shares many similarities with the New York accent. Thanks to over a century of linguistics data collected by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia dialect under sociolinguist William Labov has been one of the best-studied forms of American English.[f]

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Name the accent spoken in the area?
A: The Philadelphia dialect', '
Q: Which dialect is it similar to?
A: Baltimore dialect', "
Q: What other city is similar to Philadelphia's accent?
A: New York", '
Q: Who studies the accent at the University of Pennsylvania?
A: William Labov']
Areas such as South Street and Old City have a vibrant night life. The Avenue of the Arts in Center City contains many restaurants and theaters, such as the Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts, which is home to the Philadelphia Orchestra, generally considered one of the top five orchestras in the United States, and the Academy of Music, the nation's oldest continually operating opera house, home to the Opera Company of Philadelphia and the Pennsylvania Ballet. The Wilma Theatre and Philadelphia Theatre Company have new buildings constructed in the last decade on the avenue. They produce a variety of new works. Several blocks to the east are the Walnut Street Theatre, America's oldest theatre and the largest subscription theater in the world; as well as the Lantern Theatre at St. Stephens Church, one of a number of smaller venues.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Name two districts with good night life?
A: South Street and Old City', '
Q: What is the home of the orchestra?
A: Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts', '
Q: What is the countries oldest opera house?
A: Academy of Music', '
Q: Who uses the opera house?
A: Opera Company of Philadelphia and the Pennsylvania Ballet', '
Q: What is the oldest theater in the U.S.?
A: Walnut Street Theatre']
Philadelphia has more public art than any other American city. In 1872, the Association for Public Art (formerly the Fairmount Park Art Association) was created, the first private association in the United States dedicated to integrating public art and urban planning. In 1959, lobbying by the Artists Equity Association helped create the Percent for Art ordinance, the first for a U.S. city. The program, which has funded more than 200 pieces of public art, is administered by the Philadelphia Office of Arts and Culture, the city's art agency.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which American city has the most public art?
A: Philadelphia', '
Q: What was the Assoc. for Public Art called in the past?
A: Fairmount Park Art Association', '
Q: How many pieces of art were funded by the Percent for Art ordinance?
A: more than 200']
Philadelphia artists have had a prominent national role in popular music. In the 1970s, Philadelphia soul influenced the music of that and later eras. On July 13, 1985, Philadelphia hosted the American end of the Live Aid concert at John F. Kennedy Stadium. The city reprised this role for the Live 8 concert, bringing some 700,000 people to the Ben Franklin Parkway on July 2, 2005. Philadelphia is home to the world-renowned Philadelphia Boys Choir & Chorale, which has performed its music all over the world. Dr. Robert G. Hamilton, founder of the choir, is a notable native Philadelphian. The Philly Pops is another famous Philadelphia music group. The city has played a major role in the development and support of American rock music and rap music. Hip-hop/Rap artists such as The Roots, DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, The Goats, Freeway, Schoolly D, Eve, and Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes hail from the city.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Name a type of music from the 70's that influenced the nation?
A: Philadelphia soul", '
Q: What concert did Philly host on July13th, 1985?
A: Live Aid', '
Q: What is the name of the stadium that held Live Aid?
A: John F. Kennedy Stadium', '
Q: Name a hip/hop artist from the city?
A: The Roots, DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, The Goats, Freeway, Schoolly D, Eve, and Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes']
Rowing has been popular in Philadelphia since the 18th century. Boathouse Row is a symbol of Philadelphia's rich rowing history, and each Big Five member has its own boathouse. Philadelphia hosts numerous local and collegiate rowing clubs and competitions, including the annual Dad Vail Regatta, the largest intercollegiate rowing event in the U.S, the Stotesbury Cup Regatta, and the Head of the Schuylkill Regatta, all of which are held on the Schuylkill River. The regattas are hosted and organized by the Schuylkill Navy, an association of area rowing clubs that has produced numerous Olympic rowers.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What water sport is popular in the city?
A: Rowing', '
Q: What is the symbol of rowing in the city?
A: Boathouse Row', '
Q: What is the name of the big rowing races?
A: Dad Vail Regatta, the largest intercollegiate rowing event in the U.S, the Stotesbury Cup Regatta, and the Head of the Schuylkill Regatta', '
Q: Where are these races held?
A: Schuylkill River']
The city uses the strong-mayor version of the mayor-council form of government, which is headed by one mayor, in whom executive authority is vested. Elected at-large, the mayor is limited to two consecutive four-year terms under the city's home rule charter, but can run for the position again after an intervening term. The Mayor is Jim Kenney, who replaced Michael Nutter, who served two terms from 2009 to January 2016. Kenney, as all Philadelphia mayors have been since 1952, is a member of the Democratic Party, which tends to dominate local politics so thoroughly that the Democratic Mayoral primary is often more widely covered than the general election. The legislative branch, the Philadelphia City Council, consists of ten council members representing individual districts and seven members elected at large. Democrats currently hold 14 seats, with Republicans representing two allotted at-large seats for the minority party, as well as the Northeast-based Tenth District. The current council president is Darrell Clarke.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What type of government does Philadelphia have?
A: strong-mayor version of the mayor-council', '
Q: How many terms can a mayor serve?
A: two consecutive four-year terms', '
Q: Who is the current mayor?
A: Jim Kenney', '
Q: What party does the mayor represent?
A: Democratic Party', '
Q: What is the legislative branch called?
A: Philadelphia City Council']
The Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas (First Judicial District) is the trial court of general jurisdiction for Philadelphia, hearing felony-level criminal cases and civil suits above the minimum jurisdictional limit of $7000 (excepting small claims cases valued between $7000 and $12000 and landlord-tenant issues heard in the Municipal Court) under its original jurisdiction; it also has appellate jurisdiction over rulings from the Municipal and Traffic Courts and over decisions of certain Pennsylvania state agencies (e.g. the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board). It has 90 legally trained judges elected by the voters. It is funded and operated largely by city resources and employees. The current District Attorney is Seth Williams, a Democrat. The last Republican to hold the office is Ron Castille, who left in 1991 and is currently the Chief Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the main trial court called?
A: The Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas (First Judicial District)', '
Q: What type of cases are heard here?
A: felony-level criminal cases and civil suits above the minimum jurisdictional limit of $7000', '
Q: How are judges appointed?
A: elected by the voters', '
Q: Who was the last Republican DA?
A: Ron Castille']
From the American Civil War until the mid-20th century, Philadelphia was a bastion of the Republican Party, which arose from the staunch pro-Northern views of Philadelphia residents during and after the war (Philadelphia was chosen as the host city for the first Republican National Convention in 1856). After the Great Depression, Democratic registrations increased, but the city was not carried by Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt in his landslide victory of 1932 (in which Pennsylvania was one of the few states won by Republican Herbert Hoover). Four years later, however, voter turnout surged and the city finally flipped to the Democrats. Roosevelt carried Philadelphia with over 60% of the vote in 1936. The city has remained loyally Democratic in every presidential election since. It is now one of the most Democratic in the country; in 2008, Democrat Barack Obama drew 83% of the city's vote. Obama's win was even greater in 2012, capturing 85% of the vote.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What party dominated until the mid-20th century
A: Republican Party', '
Q: What happened in Philadelphia in 1856?
A: Philadelphia was chosen as the host city for the first Republican National Convention in 1856', '
Q: When did the Democrats take the city?
A: 1936', "
Q: Who won the most votes in the city in '08?
A: Barack Obama"]
Philadelphia once comprised six congressional districts. However, as a result of the city's declining population, it now has only four: the 1st district, represented by Bob Brady; the 2nd, represented by Chaka Fattah; the 8th, represented by Mike Fitzpatrick; and the 13th, represented by Brendan Boyle. All but Fitzpatrick are Democrats. Although they are usually swamped by Democrats in city, state and national elections, Republicans still have some support in the area, primarily in the northeast. A Republican represented a significant portion of Philadelphia in the House as late as 1983, and Sam Katz ran competitive mayoral races as the Republican nominee in both 1999 and 2003.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many congressional districts are there in the city?
A: four', '
Q: How many congressional districts were there at the peak population?
A: six', '
Q: Who represents the 8th district?
A: Mike Fitzpatrick', '
Q: When was the last major Republican representation of a large part of the city?
A: 1983', '
Q: Who was the last Republican to be fairly competitive in the mayoral race?
A: Sam Katz']
Like many American cities, Philadelphia saw a gradual yet pronounced rise in crime in the years following World War II. There were 525 murders in 1990, a rate of 31.5 per 100,000. There were an average of about 600 murders a year for most of the 1990s. The murder count dropped in 2002 to 288, then rose four years later to 406 in 2006 and 392 in 2007. A few years later, Philadelphia began to see a rapid drop in homicides and violent crime. In 2013, there were 246 murders, which is a decrease of over 25% from the previous year, and a decrease of over 44% since 2007. And in 2014, there were 248 homicides, up by one since 2013.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Did the crime rate go up or down after the War years?
A: pronounced rise in crime in the years following World War II', '
Q: How many murders occurred in 1990?
A: 525', "
Q: What was the average murder rate during the 90's?
A: 600", '
Q: How many murders occurred in 2013?
A: 246']
The number of shootings in the city has declined significantly in the last 10 years. Shooting incidents peaked in 2006 when 1,857 shootings were recorded. That number has dropped 44 percent to 1,047 shootings in 2014. Similarly, major crimes in the city has decreased gradually in the last ten years since its peak in 2006 when 85,498 major crimes were reported. In the past three years, the number of reported major crimes fell 11 percent to a total of 68,815. Violent crimes, which include homicide, rape, aggravated assault, and robbery, decreased 14 percent in the past three years with a reported 15,771 occurrences in 2014. Based on the rate of violent crimes per 1,000 residents in American cities with 25,000 people or more, Philadelphia was ranked as the 54th most dangerous city in 2015.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did shootings peak in the city?
A: 2006', '
Q: How many shootings were there in that year?
A: 1,857', '
Q: Has violent crime rate fallen or risen in the last 10 years?
A: fell', '
Q: What rank in danger does Philadelphia have in the U.S.?
A: 54th']
The city's K-12 enrollment in district run schools has dropped in the last five years from 156,211 students in 2010 to 130,104 students in 2015. During the same time period, the enrollment in charter schools has increased from 33,995 students in 2010 to 62,358 students in 2015. This consistent drop in enrollment has led the city to close 24 of its public schools in 2013. During the 2014 school year, the city spent an average of $12,570 per pupil, below the average among comparable urban school districts.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Has public school enrollment dropped or increased in the last 5 years?
A: dropped', '
Q: How many public schools have been closed in 2013?
A: 24', '
Q: How much does the city spend per year per child?
A: $12,570']
Graduation rates among district-run schools, meanwhile, have steadily increased in the last ten years. In 2005, Philadelphia had a district graduation rate of 52%. This number has increased to 65% in 2014, still below the national and state averages. Scores on the state's standardized test, the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA) have trended upward from 2005 to 2011 but have decreased since. In 2005, the district-run schools scored an average of 37.4% on math and 35.5% on reading. The city's schools reached its peak scores in 2011 with 59.0% on math and 52.3% on reading. In 2014, the scores dropped significantly to 45.2% on math and 42.0% on reading.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Have grad rates fallen or increased in the last years?
A: increased', '
Q: What was the grad rate in 2005?
A: 52%', '
Q: What was it in 2014?
A: 65%', '
Q: Is that the above or below the national average?
A: below the national and state averages']
The city's largest private school by number of students is Temple University, followed by Drexel University. Along with the University of Pennsylvania, Temple University and Drexel University make up the city's major research universities. The city is also home to five schools of medicine: Drexel University College of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, and the Thomas Jefferson University. Hospitals, universities, and higher education research institutions in Philadelphia's four congressional districts received more than $252 million in National Institutes of Health grants in 2015.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the largest private institution in the city?
A: Temple University', '
Q: What are the 3 research universities in the city?
A: University of Pennsylvania, Temple University and Drexel University', '
Q: How many med schools are there?
A: five']
Philadelphia's two major daily newspapers are The Philadelphia Inquirer, which is the eighteenth largest newspaper and third-oldest surviving daily newspaper in the country, and the Philadelphia Daily News. Both newspapers were purchased from The McClatchy Company (after buying out Knight Ridder) in 2006 by Philadelphia Media Holdings and operated by the group until the organization declared bankruptcy in 2010. After two years of financial struggle, the two newspapers were sold to Interstate General Media in 2012. The two newspapers have a combined circulation of about 500,000 readers.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many major papers are published?
A: two', '
Q: What is the 3rd oldest paper in the nation?
A: Philadelphia Inquirer', '
Q: Who owns the major papers in the city?
A: Interstate General Media']
The city also has a number of other, smaller newspapers and magazine in circulation such as the Philadelphia Tribune, which serves the African-American community, the Philadelphia, a monthly regional magazine; Philadelphia Weekly, an weekly-printed alternative newspaper; Philadelphia City Paper another weekly-printed newspaper; Philadelphia Gay News, which services the LGBT community; The Jewish Exponent a weekly-printed newspaper servicing the Jewish community; Philadelphia Metro, free daily newspaper; and Al Día, a weekly newspaper servicing the Latino community.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Name a smaller newspaper?
A: Philadelphia Tribune', '
Q: What community does the Tribune serve?
A: African-American community', '
Q: What paper serves the LGBT community?
A: Philadelphia Gay News', '
Q: Name a Jewish newspaper?
A: The Jewish Exponent']
The first experimental radio license was issued in Philadelphia in August 1912 to St. Joseph's College. The first commercial broadcasting radio stations appeared in 1922: first WIP, then owned by Gimbel's department store, on March 17, followed the same year by WFIL, WOO, WCAU and WDAS. The highest-rated stations in Philadelphia include soft rock WBEB, KYW Newsradio, and urban adult contemporary WDAS-FM. Philadelphia is served by three major non-commercial public radio stations, WHYY-FM (NPR), WRTI (jazz, classical), and WXPN-FM (adult alternative music), as well as several smaller stations.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Where was the first radio license granted?
A: St. Joseph's College", '
Q: When did the first radio stations appear?
A: 1922', '
Q: Name the 3 public radio stations?
A: WHYY-FM (NPR), WRTI (jazz, classical), and WXPN-FM']
In the 1930s, the experimental station W3XE, owned by Philco, became the first television station in Philadelphia; it became NBC's first affiliate in 1939, and later became KYW-TV (CBS). WCAU-TV, WPVI-TV, WHYY-TV, WPHL-TV, and WTXF-TV had all been founded by the 1970s. In 1952, WFIL (now WPVI) premiered the television show Bandstand, which later became the nationally broadcast American Bandstand hosted by Dick Clark. Today, as in many large metropolitan areas, each of the commercial networks has an affiliate, and call letters have been replaced by corporate IDs: CBS3, 6ABC, NBC10, Fox29, Telefutura28, Telemundo62, Univision65, plus My PHL 17 and CW Philly 57. The region is served also by public broadcasting stations WYBE-TV (Philadelphia), WHYY-TV (Wilmington, Delaware and Philadelphia), WLVT-TV (Lehigh Valley), and NJTV (New Jersey). In September 2007, Philadelphia approved a Public-access television cable TV channel.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who owned W3XE?
A: Philco', "
Q: When did it become NBC's first affiliate?
A: 1939", '
Q: What show started out in the city?
A: Bandstand']
In 1981, large sections of the SEPTA Regional Rail service to the far suburbs of Philadelphia were discontinued due to lack of funding. Several projects have been proposed to extend rail service back to these areas, but lack of funding has again been the chief obstacle to implementation. These projects include the proposed Schuylkill Valley Metro to Wyomissing, PA, and extension of the Media/Elwyn line back to Wawa, PA. SEPTA's Airport Regional Rail Line Regional Rail offers direct service to the Philadelphia International Airport.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did SEPTA service get cut?
A: 1981', '
Q: Why did SEPTA rail service get cut?
A: lack of funding', '
Q: Has service ever been restored?
A: but lack of funding has again been the chief obstacle to implementation', "
Q: Name a proposed project to repalce it?
A: Schuylkill Valley Metro to Wyomissing, PA, and extension of the Media/Elwyn line back to Wawa, PA. SEPTA's Airport Regional Rail Line Regional Rail"]
Two airports serve Philadelphia: the Philadelphia International Airport (PHL), straddling the southern boundary of the city, and the Northeast Philadelphia Airport (PNE), a general aviation reliever airport in Northeast Philadelphia. Philadelphia International Airport provides scheduled domestic and international air service, while Northeast Philadelphia Airport serves general and corporate aviation. In 2013, Philadelphia International Airport was the 15th busiest airport in the world measured by traffic movements (i.e. takeoffs and landings). It is also the second largest hub and primary international hub for American Airlines.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Name the main airport?
A: Philadelphia International Airport (PHL)', '
Q: Where does PHL rank in the list of busiest airports?
A: 15th', '
Q: What airline uses this airport as its primary international hub?
A: American Airlines']