romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
The Métropole du Grand Paris, or Metropolis of Greater Paris, formally came into existence on January 1, 2016. It is an administrative structure for cooperation between the City of Paris and its nearest suburbs. It includes the City of Paris, plus the communes, or towns of the three departments of the inner suburbs; Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne; plus seven communes in the outer suburbs, including Argenteuil in Val d'Oise and Paray-Vieille-Poste in Essonne, which were added to include the major airports of Paris. The Metropole covers 814 square kilometers and has a population of 6.945 million persons.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did the Metropole du Grand Paris come into existence?
A: January 1, 2016', '
Q: How large is the Metropole?
A: 814 square kilometers', '
Q: What is the population of the metropole?
A: 6.945 million', '
Q: What three departments of the inner suburbs are included in the metropole?
A: Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne', '
Q: How many communes of the outer suburbs are included in the metropole?
A: seven']
The new structure is administered by a Metropolitan Council of 210 members, not directly elected, but chosen by the councils of the member Communes. By 2020 its basic competencies will include urban planning, housing, and protection of the environment. The first president of the metropolitan council, Patrick Ollier, a Republican and the mayor of the town of Rueil-Malmaison, was elected on January 22, 2016. Though the Metropole has a population of nearly seven million persons and accounts for 25 percent of the GDP of France, it has a very small budget; just 65 million Euros, compared with eight billion Euros for the City of Paris.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many members are in the Metropolitan Council?
A: 210', '
Q: Who was the first president of the metropolitan council?
A: Patrick Ollier', '
Q: What town was Patrick Ollier a mayor of?
A: Rueil-Malmaison', '
Q: What party does Patrick Ollier associate with?
A: Republican', '
Q: What is the budget for Metropole?
A: 65 million Euros']
The Region of Île de France, including Paris and its surrounding communities, is governed by the Regional Council, which has its headquarters in the 7th arrondissement of Paris. It is composed of 209 members representing the different communes within the region. On December 15, 2015, a list of candidates of the Union of the Right, a coalition of centrist and right-wing parties, led by Valérie Pécresse, narrowly won the regional election, defeating a coalition of Socialists and ecologists. The Socialists had governed the region for seventeen years. In 2016, the new regional council will have 121 members from the Union of the Right, 66 from the Union of the Left and 22 from the extreme right National Front.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In which district is the Regional Coucil housed?
A: 7th', '
Q: For how many years did the socialists governed the region?
A: seventeen', '
Q: How many council members will they have in 2016 from the union of the Right?
A: 121', '
Q: Who led the Union of the Right?
A: Valérie Pécresse']
France's highest courts are located in Paris. The Court of Cassation, the highest court in the judicial order, which reviews criminal and civil cases, is located in the Palais de Justice on the Île de la Cité, while the Conseil d'État, which provides legal advice to the executive and acts as the highest court in the administrative order, judging litigation against public bodies, is located in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement. The Constitutional Council, an advisory body with ultimate authority on the constitutionality of laws and government decrees, also meets in the Montpensier wing of the Palais Royal.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Where are France's highest courts located?
A: Paris", '
Q: What is the highest court in the judicial order?
A: Court of Cassation', '
Q: Where does the Constitutional Council meet?
A: Montpensier wing of the Palais Royal', '
Q: Where is the Coutt of Cassation located?
A: Palais de Justice', "
Q: Where does the Consiel d'Etat meet?
A: Palais-Royal"]
Paris and its region host the headquarters of several international organisations including UNESCO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the International Chamber of Commerce, the Paris Club, the European Space Agency, the International Energy Agency, the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, the European Union Institute for Security Studies, the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, the International Exhibition Bureau and the International Federation for Human Rights.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where is the headquarters for UNESCO?
A: Paris', '
Q: Where is the head quarters for the International Federation for Human Rights?
A: Paris', '
Q: Where is the head quarters for the European Space Agency?
A: Paris']
The security of Paris is mainly the responsibility of the Prefecture of Police of Paris, a subdivision of the Ministry of the Interior of France. It supervises the units of the National Police who patrol the city and the three neighbouring departments. It is also responsible for providing emergency services, including the Paris Fire Brigade. Its headquarters is on Place Louis Lépine on the Île de la Cité. There are 30,200 officers under the prefecture, and a fleet of more than 6,000 vehicles, including police cars, motorcycles, fire trucks, boats and helicopters. In addition to traditional police duties, the local police monitors the number of discount sales held by large stores (no more than two a year are allowed) and verify that, during summer holidays, at least one bakery is open in every neighbourhood. The national police has its own special unit for riot control and crowd control and security of public buildings, called the Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité (CRS), a unit formed in 1944 right after the liberation of France. Vans of CRS agents are frequently seen in the centre of the city when there are demonstrations and public events.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who is responsible for the security of Paris?
A: Prefecture of Police of Paris', '
Q: Where is the headquarters for the Prefecture of Police of Paris?
A: Place Louis Lépine on the Île de la Cité', '
Q: How many officers are in the Prefecture of Police of Paris?
A: 30,200', '
Q: When was the Compagnies Republicaines de Securite formed?
A: 1944', '
Q: How many vehicles are in the fleet?
A: 6,000']
Most French rulers since the Middle Ages made a point of leaving their mark on a city that, contrary to many other of the world's capitals, has never been destroyed by catastrophe or war. In modernising its infrastructure through the centuries, Paris has preserved even its earliest history in its street map.[citation needed] At its origin, before the Middle Ages, the city was composed around several islands and sandbanks in a bend of the Seine; of those, two remain today: the île Saint-Louis, the île de la Cité; a third one is the 1827 artificially created île aux Cygnes. Modern Paris owes much to its late 19th century Second Empire remodelling by the Baron Haussmann: many of modern Paris' busiest streets, avenues and boulevards today are a result of that city renovation. Paris also owes its style to its aligned street-fronts, distinctive cream-grey "Paris stone" building ornamentation, aligned top-floor balconies, and tree-lined boulevards. The high residential population of its city centre makes it much different from most other western global cities.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who remodeled Paris in the 19th century?
A: Baron Haussmann', '
Q: Which two islands remain in Paris today?
A: île Saint-Louis, the île de la Cité', '
Q: When was ile aux Cygnes created?
A: 1827']
Paris' urbanism laws have been under strict control since the early 17th century, particularly where street-front alignment, building height and building distribution is concerned. In recent developments, a 1974-2010 building height limitation of 37 metres (121 ft) was raised to 50 m (160 ft) in central areas and 180 metres (590 ft) in some of Paris' peripheral quarters, yet for some of the city's more central quarters, even older building-height laws still remain in effect. The 210 metres (690 ft) Montparnasse tower was both Paris and France's tallest building until 1973, but this record has been held by the La Défense quarter Tour First tower in Courbevoie since its 2011 construction. A new project for La Defense, called Hermitage Plaza, launched in 2009, proposes to build two towers, 85 and 86 stories or 320 metres high, which would be the tallest buildings in the European Union, just slightly shorter than the Eiffel Tower. They were scheduled for completion in 2019 or 2020, but as of January 2015 construction had not yet begun, and there were questions in the press about the future of the project.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the current height limitation in Paris in central areas?
A: 50 m', '
Q: Until 1973, what was Paris; tallest building?
A: Montparnasse', '
Q: What is the name of the project for La Defense called that has not yet been started?
A: Hermitage Plaza', '
Q: When was the Hermitage Plaza launched?
A: 2009', '
Q: How many towers were planned to be built?
A: two']
Parisian examples of European architecture date back more than a millennium; including the Romanesque church of the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés (1014-1163); the early Gothic Architecture of the Basilica of Saint-Denis (1144), the Notre Dame Cathedral (1163-1345), the Flamboyant Gothic of Saint Chapelle (1239-1248), the Baroque churches of Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis (1627-1641) and Les Invalides (1670-1708). The 19th century produced the neoclassical church of La Madeleine (1808-1842); the Palais Garnier Opera House (1875); the neo-Byzantine Basilica of Sacré-Cœur (1875-1919), and the exuberant Belle Époque modernism of the Eiffel Tower (1889). Striking examples of 20th century architecture include the Centre Georges Pompidou by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano (1977), and the Louvre Pyramid by I.M. Pei (1989). Contemporary architecture includes the Musée du Quai Branly by Jean Nouvel (2006) and the new contemporary art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation by Frank Gehry (2014).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was La Madeleine built?
A: 1808-1842', '
Q: When was teh Palais Garnier Opera House built?
A: 1875', '
Q: When was the Eiffel Tower built?
A: 1889', '
Q: Who built the art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation?
A: Frank Gehry', '
Q: Who built the Louvre Pyramid?
A: I.M. Pei']
In 2012 the Paris agglomeration (urban area) counted 28,800 people without a fixed residence, an increase of 84 percent since 2001; it represents 43 percent of the homeless in all of France. Forty-one percent were women, and 29 percent were accompanied by children. Fifty-six percent of the homeless were born outside France, the largest number coming from Africa and Eastern Europe. The city of Paris has sixty homeless shelters, called Centres d'hébergement et de réinsertion sociale or CHRS, which are funded by the city and operated by private charities and associations.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the population of the urban area of Paris in 2012 without a fixed residence?
A: 28,800', '
Q: What percentage of homelessness in France does Paris house?
A: 43', '
Q: What percentage of homeless people are women?
A: 43', '
Q: How many homeless shelters are in Paris?
A: sixty', '
Q: Who funds these homeless shelters?
A: the city']
Aside from the 20th century addition of the Bois de Boulogne, Bois de Vincennes and Paris heliport, Paris' administrative limits have remained unchanged since 1860. The Seine département had been governing Paris and its suburbs since its creation in 1790, but the rising suburban population had made it difficult to govern as a unique entity. This problem was 'resolved' when its parent "District de la région parisienne" (Paris region) was reorganised into several new departments from 1968: Paris became a department in itself, and the administration of its suburbs was divided between the three departments surrounding it. The Paris region was renamed "Île-de-France" in 1977, but the "Paris region" name is still commonly used today. Paris was reunited with its suburbs on January 1, 2016 when the Métropole du Grand Paris came into existence.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What are they only two additions to Paris' administrative limits since 1860?
A: Bois de Boulogne, Bois de Vincennes", '
Q: When was the Siene department created?
A: 1790', '
Q: WHen was District de la region parisienne reorganised?
A: 1968', '
Q: What was the Paris region renamed to?
A: "Île-de-France"', '
Q: When was Paris reunited with its suburbs?
A: January 1, 2016']
Paris' disconnect with its suburbs, its lack of suburban transportation in particular, became all too apparent with the Paris agglomeration's growth. Paul Delouvrier promised to resolve the Paris-suburbs mésentente when he became head of the Paris region in 1961: two of his most ambitious projects for the Region were the construction of five suburban villes nouvelles ("new cities") and the RER commuter train network. Many other suburban residential districts (grands ensembles) were built between the 1960s and 1970s to provide a low-cost solution for a rapidly expanding population: these districts were socially mixed at first, but few residents actually owned their homes (the growing economy made these accessible to the middle classes only from the 1970s). Their poor construction quality and their haphazard insertion into existing urban growth contributed to their desertion by those able to move elsewhere and their repopulation by those with more limited possibilities.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did Paul Delouvrier become the head of the Paris region?
A: 1961', '
Q: What was a major problem with Paris being disconnected from its suburbs?
A: lack of suburban transportation', '
Q: How many suburban villes nouvelles did Paul Delouvrier constuct?
A: five']
These areas, quartiers sensibles ("sensitive quarters"), are in northern and eastern Paris, namely around its Goutte d'Or and Belleville neighbourhoods. To the north of the city they are grouped mainly in the Seine-Saint-Denis department, and to a lesser extreme to the east in the Val-d'Oise department. Other difficult areas are located in the Seine valley, in Évry et Corbeil-Essonnes (Essonne), in Mureaux, Mantes-la-Jolie (Yvelines), and scattered among social housing districts created by Delouvrier's 1961 "ville nouvelle" political initiative.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where are the quartiers sensibles located?
A: northern and eastern Paris', "
Q: What two neighborhoods are the centers of the quartiers sensibles?
A: Goutte d'Or and Belleville", '
Q: Why were these neighborhoods created?
A: Delouvrier\'s 1961 "ville nouvelle" political initiative']
The population of Paris in its administrative city limits was 2,241,346 in January 2014. This makes Paris the fifth largest municipality in the European Union, following London, Berlin, Madrid and Rome. Eurostat, the statistical agency of the EU, places Paris (6.5 million people) second behind London (8 million) and ahead of Berlin (3.5 million), based on the 2012 populations of what Eurostat calls "urban audit core cities". The Paris Urban Area, or "unité urbaine", is a statistical area created by the French statistical agency INSEE to measure the population of built-up areas around the city. It is slightly smaller than the Paris Region. According to INSEE, the Paris Urban Area had a population of 10,550,350 at the January 2012 census, the most populous in the European Union, and third most populous in Europe, behind Istanbul and Moscow. The Paris Metropolitan Area is the second most populous in the European Union after London with a population of 12,341,418 at the Jan. 2012 census.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: In Janurary of 2014, what was the population of Paris' city limits?
A: 2,241,346", '
Q: Where is Paris ranked in the EU by largest municipality?
A: fifth', '
Q: What 4 cities are larger than Paris in the EU?
A: London, Berlin, Madrid and Rome', '
Q: Who created The Paris Urban Area?
A: INSEE', '
Q: According to the INSEE what is Paris Urban Area population?
A: 10,550,350']
The population of Paris today is lower than its historical peak of 2.9 million in 1921. The principal reasons were a significant decline in household size, and a dramatic migration of residents to the suburbs between 1962 and 1975. Factors in the migration included de-industrialisation, high rent, the gentrification of many inner quarters, the transformation of living space into offices, and greater affluence among working families. The city's population loss came to an end in the 21st century; the population estimate of July 2004 showed a population increase for the first time since 1954, and the population reached 2,234,000 by 2009.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is Paris' peak population?
A: 2.9 million", "
Q: When was Paris' population peak?
A: 1921", '
Q: What year was the first population increase since 1954?
A: 2004', '
Q: What was the population in 2009?
A: 2,234,000']
According to Eurostat, the EU statistical agency, in 2012 the Commune of Paris was the most densely populated city in the European Union, with 21,616 people per square kilometre within the city limits (the NUTS-3 statistical area), ahead of Inner London West, which had 10,374 people per square kilometre. According to the same census, three departments bordering Paris, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne, had population densities of over ten thousand people per square kilometre, ranking among the ten most densely populated areas of the EU.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the most populated city in the EU in 2012?
A: Commune of Paris', '
Q: How many people lived per square kilometer in the city limits?
A: 21,616', '
Q: What three departments surrounding Paris had densities greater than 10k/k?
A: Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne']
The remaining group, people born in foreign countries with no French citizenship at birth, are those defined as immigrants under French law. According to the 2012 census, 135,853 residents of the city of Paris were immigrants from Europe, 112,369 were immigrants from the Maghreb, 70,852 from sub-Saharan Africa and Egypt, 5,059 from Turkey, 91,297 from Asia (outside Turkey), 38,858 from the Americas, and 1,365 from the South Pacific. Note that the immigrants from the Americas and the South Pacific in Paris are vastly outnumbered by migrants from French overseas regions and territories located in these regions of the world.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many immigrants were in Paris in 2012 from Europe?
A: 135,853', '
Q: How many immigrants to Paris in 2012 were from the Maghreb?
A: 112,369', '
Q: How many immigrants in Paris in 2012 were from sub-Saharan Africa and Egypt?
A: 70,852', '
Q: How many Asians immigrated to Paris in 2012?
A: 91,297']
At the 2012 census, 59.5% of jobs in the Paris Region were in market services (12.0% in wholesale and retail trade, 9.7% in professional, scientific, and technical services, 6.5% in information and communication, 6.5% in transportation and warehousing, 5.9% in finance and insurance, 5.8% in administrative and support services, 4.6% in accommodation and food services, and 8.5% in various other market services), 26.9% in non-market services (10.4% in human health and social work activities, 9.6% in public administration and defence, and 6.9% in education), 8.2% in manufacturing and utilities (6.6% in manufacturing and 1.5% in utilities), 5.2% in construction, and 0.2% in agriculture.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What percentage of jobs were market services in 2012?
A: 59.5', '
Q: What industry had the lowest percentage of jobs in Paris of 2012?
A: agriculture', '
Q: What percentage of people worked in agriculture?
A: 0.2', '
Q: What percentage of people worked in finance and insurance?
A: 5.9']
The Paris Region had 5.4 million salaried employees in 2010, of whom 2.2 million were concentrated in 39 pôles d'emplois or business districts. The largest of these, in terms of number of employees, is known in French as the QCA, or quartier central des affaires; it is in the western part of the City of Paris, in the 2nd, 8th, 9th, 16th and 18th arrondissements. In 2010 it was the workplace of 500,000 salaried employees, about thirty percent of the salaried employees in Paris and ten percent of those in the Île-de-France. The largest sectors of activity in the central business district were finance and insurance (16 percent of employees in the district) and business services (15 percent). The district also includes a large concentration of department stores, shopping areas, hotels and restaurants, as well a government offices and ministries.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many salaried employees lived in the Paris Region in 2010?
A: 5.4 million']
The second-largest business district in terms of employment is La Défense, just west of the city, where many companies installed their offices in the 1990s. In 2010 it was the workplace of 144,600 employees, of whom 38 percent worked in finance and insurance, 16 percent in business support services. Two other important districts, Neuilly-sur-Seine and Levallois-Perret, are extensions of the Paris business district and of La Defense. Another district, including Boulogne-Billancourt, Issy-les-Moulineaux and the southern part of the 15th arrondissement, is a center of activity for the media and information technology.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who is the second largest business district employer?
A: La Défense', '
Q: How many people worked for La Defense in 2010?
A: 144,600', '
Q: What field did the majority of the employees at La Defense work in?
A: finance and insurance', '
Q: What percentage of people worked in business support?
A: 16', '
Q: What two districts are extensions of the Paris business district?
A: Neuilly-sur-Seine and Levallois-Perret']
The Paris Region is France's leading region for economic activity, with a 2012 GDP of €624 billion (US$687 billion). In 2011, its GDP ranked second among the regions of Europe and its per-capita GDP was the 4th highest in Europe. While the Paris region's population accounted for 18.8 percent of metropolitan France in 2011, the Paris region's GDP accounted for 30 percent of metropolitan France's GDP. In 2015 it hosts the world headquarters of 29 of the 31 Fortune Global 500 companies located in France.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What was Paris Region's GDP in 2012?
A: €624 billion", '
Q: How many world headquarters of the 31 Fortune Global 500 companies are located in Paris?
A: 29', "
Q: What percentage of Frances GDP is made up from the Paris Region's GDP?
A: 30"]
The Paris Region economy has gradually shifted from industry to high-value-added service industries (finance, IT services, etc.) and high-tech manufacturing (electronics, optics, aerospace, etc.). The Paris region's most intense economic activity through the central Hauts-de-Seine department and suburban La Défense business district places Paris' economic centre to the west of the city, in a triangle between the Opéra Garnier, La Défense and the Val de Seine. While the Paris economy is dominated by services, and employment in manufacturing sector has declined sharply, the region remains an important manufacturing centre, particularly for aeronautics, automobiles, and "eco" industries.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What as the Paris Region's economy shifted towards?
A: high-value-added service industries", "
Q: Prior to now, what was Paris' biggest economy?
A: industry", '
Q: Where is Paris economic Centre located?
A: west of the city, in a triangle between the Opéra Garnier, La Défense and the Val de Seine']