romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
By the 2000 census, demographic changes including the end to slavery, immigration from Europe and Asia, assimilation of multiracial persons, and other factors resulted in a population in which 6.2% of the population identified as black, 40% as pardo, and 55% as white. Essentially most of the black population was absorbed into the multi-racial category by intermixing. A 2007 genetic study found that at least 29% of the middle-class, white Brazilian population had some recent (since 1822 and the end of the colonial period) African ancestry.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How much of the Brazilian population identified as black in 2000?
A: 6.2%', '
Q: How much identified as mixed race?
A: 40%', '
Q: How much identified as white?
A: 55%', '
Q: How much of the Brazilian population had connections to African ancestry in 2007?
A: 29%']
Because of the acceptance of miscegenation, Brazil has avoided the binary polarization of society into black and white. In addition, it abolished slavery without a civil war. The bitter and sometimes violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil. According to the 2010 census, 6.7% of Brazilians said they were black, compared with 6.2% in 2000, and 43.1% said they were racially mixed, up from 38.5%. In 2010, Elio Ferreira de Araujo, Brazil's minister for racial equality, attributed the increases to growing pride among his country's black and indigenous communities.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What has Brazil avoided?
A: the binary polarization of society into black and white', '
Q: What is happened in the US that did not happen in Brazil when slavery ended?
A: civil war', '
Q: How do the US and Brazil vary after slavery has ended?
A: violent racial tensions that have divided the US are notably absent in Brazil.', '
Q: Who is the Brazilian Prime Minister for racial equality? 
A: Elio Ferreira de Araujo', '
Q: Who is responsible for the growing pride in Brazilian communities?
A: black and indigenous communities.']
In the US, African Americans, who include multiracial people, earn 75% of what white people earn. In Brazil, people of color earn less than 50% of what whites earn. Some have posited that the facts of lower socioeconomic status for people of color suggest that Brazil practices a kind of one-drop rule, or discrimination against people who are not visibly European in ancestry. The gap in income between blacks and other non-whites is relatively small compared to the large gap between whites and all people of color. Other social factors, such as illiteracy and education levels, show the same patterns of disadvantage for people of color. Some commentators observe that the United States practice of segregation and white supremacy in the South, and discrimination in many areas outside that region, forced many African Americans to unite in the civil rights struggle. They suggest that the fluid nature of race in Brazil has divided individuals of African descent, between those with more or less ancestry. As a result, they have not united for a stronger civil rights movement.[citation needed]

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In the US, how much of what white people earn, do blacks earn?
A: 75%', '
Q: In Brazil, how much less do blacks earn compared to whites?
A: 50%', '
Q: What rule is Brazil accused of practicing?
A: one-drop rule', '
Q: What does the one drop rule do?
A: discrimination against people who are not visibly European in ancestry.', '
Q: What other patterns are consistent with unequal living standards?
A: illiteracy and education levels']
Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What race has a very low rate of holding public office in Brazil?
A: blacks', '
Q: How much of the population of Salvador, Bahia is black or mixed race?
A: 80%', '
Q: When did the US institute the Voting Rights Act?
A: 1965', "
Q: When did New Orleans elect it's first black Mayor?
A: 1970s", '
Q: What large hurricane hit New Orleans?
A: Hurricane Katrina']
Critics note that people of color have limited media visibility. The Brazilian media has been accused of hiding or overlooking the nation's Black, Indigenous, Multiracial and East Asian populations. For example, the telenovelas or soaps are criticized for featuring actors who resemble northern Europeans rather than actors of the more prevalent Southern European features) and light-skinned mulatto and mestizo appearance. (Pardos may achieve "white" status if they have attained the middle-class or higher social status).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What do critics claim people of color have?
A: limited media visibility', "
Q: What has the Brazilian media been accused of?
A: hiding or overlooking the nation's Black, Indigenous, Multiracial and East Asian populations.", '
Q: What ethnicity of actors are mainly used for shows in Brazil?
A: northern Europeans', '
Q: What is another word for "Light Skinned"
A: mulatto']
These patterns of discrimination against non-whites have led some academic and other activists to advocate for use of the Portuguese term negro to encompass all African-descended people, in order to stimulate a "black" consciousness and identity. This proposal has been criticized since the term pardo is considered to include a wide range of multiracial people, such as caboclos (mestizos), assimilated Amerindians and tri-racials, not only people of partial African and European descent. Trying to identify this entire group as "black" would be a false imposition of a different identity from outside the culture and deny people their other, equally valid, ancestries and cultures. It seems a one-drop rule in reverse.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What would scholars like the term "Negro" to include?
A: all African-descended people', '
Q: What does this aim to stimulate?
A: a "black" consciousness and identity.', '
Q: What does the term "pardo" include?
A: a wide range of multiracial people', '
Q: What does caboclos mean?
A: mestizos']
The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London. It began in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register and became The Times on 1 January 1788. The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times (founded in 1821) are published by Times Newspapers, since 1981 a subsidiary of News UK, itself wholly owned by the News Corp group headed by Rupert Murdoch. The Times and The Sunday Times do not share editorial staff, were founded independently and have only had common ownership since 1967.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: The Times is based in what major British city?
A: London', '
Q: What year did the initial incarnation of The Times start?
A: 1785', '
Q: What was the original name of The Times before changing its name?
A: The Daily Universal Register', '
Q: The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times are published by what company?
A: Times Newspapers', '
Q: The Times, owned by News UK, is itself owned by what major corporation?
A: News Corp group', '
Q: The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times are published by what company?
A: Times Newspapers', '
Q: What year did The Times change its name from The Daily Universal Register?
A: 1788', '
Q: What year did The Daily Universal Register initially start?
A: 1785']
The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, including The Times of India (founded in 1838), The Straits Times (Singapore) (1845), The New York Times (1851), The Irish Times (1859), Le Temps (France) (1861-1942), the Cape Times (South Africa) (1872), the Los Angeles Times (1881), The Seattle Times (1891), The Manila Times (1898), The Daily Times (Malawi) (1900), El Tiempo (Colombia) (1911), The Canberra Times (1926), and The Times (Malta) (1935). In these countries, the newspaper is often referred to as The London Times or The Times of London.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year did The Times of India start?
A: 1838', '
Q: What year did The Strait Times (Singapore) start?
A: 1845', '
Q: What year did The New York Times start?
A: 1851', '
Q: What year did the Irish Times start?
A: 1859', '
Q: What year did the Cape Times (South Africa) start?
A: 1872']
The Times is the originator of the widely used Times Roman typeface, originally developed by Stanley Morison of The Times in collaboration with the Monotype Corporation for its legibility in low-tech printing. In November 2006 The Times began printing headlines in a new font, Times Modern. The Times was printed in broadsheet format for 219 years, but switched to compact size in 2004 in an attempt to appeal more to younger readers and commuters using public transport. The Sunday Times remains a broadsheet.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What major typeface font was started by The Times?
A: Times Roman', '
Q: Who was the creator of typeface font used by The Times?
A: Stanley Morison', '
Q: In November 2006, The Times changed its font to what new font typeface?
A: Times Modern', '
Q: How long was The Times printed in broadsheet format?
A: 219 years', '
Q: In what year did The Times change its broadsheet format to a compact size?
A: 2004']
Though traditionally a moderate newspaper and sometimes a supporter of the Conservative Party, it supported the Labour Party in the 2001 and 2005 general elections. In 2004, according to MORI, the voting intentions of its readership were 40% for the Conservative Party, 29% for the Liberal Democrats, and 26% for Labour. The Times had an average daily circulation of 394,448 in March 2014; in the same period, The Sunday Times had an average daily circulation of 839,077. An American edition of The Times has been published since 6 June 2006. It has been heavily used by scholars and researchers because of its widespread availability in libraries and its detailed index. A complete historical file of the digitized paper is online from Gage Cengage publisher.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Traditionally, what political spectrum did The Times support?
A: moderate', '
Q: What party did The Times support in 2001 and 2005 general elections?
A: Labour Party', '
Q: In March 2014, The Times had an average daily circulation of how many people?
A: 394,448', '
Q: The complete historical file of the digitized paper of The Times is online and published by what publisher?
A: Gage Cengage', '
Q: What political party has the highest readership of The Times?
A: Conservative Party']
The Times was founded by publisher John Walter on 1 January 1785 as The Daily Universal Register, with Walter in the role of editor. Walter had lost his job by the end of 1784 after the insurance company where he was working went bankrupt because of the complaints of a Jamaican hurricane. Being unemployed, Walter decided to set a new business up. It was in that time when Henry Johnson invented the logography, a new typography that was faster and more precise (three years later, it was proved that it was not as efficient as had been said). Walter bought the logography's patent and to use it, he decided to open a printing house, where he would daily produce an advertising sheet. The first publication of the newspaper The Daily Universal Register in Great Britain was 1 January 1785. Unhappy because people always omitted the word Universal, Ellias changed the title after 940 editions on 1 January 1788 to The Times. In 1803, Walter handed ownership and editorship to his son of the same name. Walter Sr had spent sixteen months in Newgate Prison for libel printed in The Times, but his pioneering efforts to obtain Continental news, especially from France, helped build the paper's reputation among policy makers and financiers.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: The Times was founded by what publisher who also was the editor?
A: John Walter', '
Q: The Times was known as what name before it became The Times?
A: The Daily Universal Register', '
Q: What year was the very first publication of The Times?
A: 1785', '
Q: The first publisher and editor of The Times when to prison for what crime when printed in his newspaper?
A: libel', '
Q: Before the newspaper changed its name to The Times, how many editions were printed?
A: 940']
The Times used contributions from significant figures in the fields of politics, science, literature, and the arts to build its reputation. For much of its early life, the profits of The Times were very large and the competition minimal, so it could pay far better than its rivals for information or writers. Beginning in 1814, the paper was printed on the new steam-driven cylinder press developed by Friedrich Koenig. In 1815, The Times had a circulation of 5,000.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In 1815, The Times had a circulation of how many people?
A: 5,000', '
Q: Beginning in 1814, The Times was printed using what new kind of press?
A: steam-driven cylinder press', '
Q: The Times used contributions from significant figures to build what?
A: reputation', '
Q: Who developed the new press type in 1814 for The Times?
A: Friedrich Koenig']
Thomas Barnes was appointed general editor in 1817. In the same year, the paper's printer James Lawson, died and passed the business onto his son John Joseph Lawson(1802–1852). Under the editorship of Barnes and his successor in 1841, John Thadeus Delane, the influence of The Times rose to great heights, especially in politics and amongst the City of London. Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling were two noted journalists, and gained for The Times the pompous/satirical nickname 'The Thunderer' (from "We thundered out the other day an article on social and political reform."). The increased circulation and influence of the paper was based in part to its early adoption of the steam-driven rotary printing press. Distribution via steam trains to rapidly growing concentrations of urban populations helped ensure the profitability of the paper and its growing influence.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was appointed general editor for The Times in 1817?
A: Thomas Barnes', "
Q: In 1817, The Times paper's printer James Lawson passed his business to which family member?
A: his son", '
Q: Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling, two noted The Times journalists, gained what nickname for themselves?
A: The Thunderer', '
Q: What kind of printing press helped increase the circulation and influence of The Times back in 1817?
A: steam-driven rotary printing press', '
Q: Who succeeded Thomas Barnes as editor of The Times in 1841?
A: John Thadeus Delane']
The Times was the first newspaper to send war correspondents to cover particular conflicts. W. H. Russell, the paper's correspondent with the army in the Crimean War, was immensely influential with his dispatches back to England.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: The Times was the first newspaper to send correspondents to what kind of event?
A: war', '
Q: Who was The Times first correspondent with an army?
A: W. H. Russell', '
Q: Which war did The Times first cover using correspondents?
A: Crimean War']
In other events of the nineteenth century, The Times opposed the repeal of the Corn Laws until the number of demonstrations convinced the editorial board otherwise, and only reluctantly supported aid to victims of the Irish Potato Famine. It enthusiastically supported the Great Reform Bill of 1832, which reduced corruption and increased the electorate from 400,000 people to 800,000 people (still a small minority of the population). During the American Civil War, The Times represented the view of the wealthy classes, favouring the secessionists, but it was not a supporter of slavery.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What major event did The Times reluctantly support in the nineteenth century despite being initially opposed?
A: Irish Potato Famine', '
Q: The Times greatly supported what bill in 1832 which reduced corruption and increased the electorate?
A: Great Reform Bill of 1832', '
Q: Many demonstrations in the nineteenth century convinced The Times editorial board to finally support the repeal of what laws?
A: Corn Laws', '
Q: During the American Civil War, what classes of people did The Times support?
A: wealthy classes', '
Q: The Times favoured which political side of the American Civil War?
A: the secessionists']
The third John Walter, the founder's grandson, succeeded his father in 1847. The paper continued as more or less independent, but from the 1850s The Times was beginning to suffer from the rise in competition from the penny press, notably The Daily Telegraph and The Morning Post.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What year did the founder's grandson succeed his father as editor of The Times?
A: 1847", "
Q: What is the name of the The Times founder's grandson who succeeded his father as editor?
A: John Walter", '
Q: In the 1850s, the Times was beginning to suffer from the rise in competition from what kind of press?
A: the penny press']
During the 19th century, it was not infrequent for the Foreign Office to approach The Times and ask for continental intelligence, which was often superior to that conveyed by official sources.[citation needed]

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which agency often used The Times for continental intelligence?
A: the Foreign Office', '
Q: Which century was The Times first often relied upon for continental intelligence?
A: 19th century', '
Q: Continental intelligence conveyed by The Times was often superior to what?
A: official sources']
The Times faced financial extinction in 1890 under Arthur Fraser Walter, but it was rescued by an energetic editor, Charles Frederic Moberly Bell. During his tenure (1890–1911), The Times became associated with selling the Encyclopædia Britannica using aggressive American marketing methods introduced by Horace Everett Hooper and his advertising executive, Henry Haxton. Due to legal fights between the Britannica's two owners, Hooper and Walter Montgomery Jackson, The Times severed its connection in 1908 and was bought by pioneering newspaper magnate, Alfred Harmsworth, later Lord Northcliffe.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which editor nearly ruined The Times in 1890?
A: Arthur Fraser Walter', '
Q: Which energetic editor rescued The Times from financial collapse in 1890?
A: Charles Frederic Moberly Bell', '
Q: Which encyclopedia was The Times aggressively selling to American markets?
A: Britannica', '
Q: Who was the creator of the encyclopedia that The Times was known for selling to America?
A: Horace Everett Hooper', '
Q: Who later bought the well-known encyclopedia from The Times in 1908?
A: Alfred Harmsworth']
In editorials published on 29 and 31 July 1914, Wickham Steed, the Times's Chief Editor, argued that the British Empire should enter World War I. On 8 May 1920, also under the editorship of Steed, The Times in an editorial endorsed the anti-Semitic fabrication The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion as a genuine document, and called Jews the world's greatest danger. In the leader entitled "The Jewish Peril, a Disturbing Pamphlet: Call for Inquiry", Steed wrote about The Protocols of the Elders of Zion:

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Who was The Times' Chief Editor in 1914?
A: Wickham Steed", '
Q: The Chief Editor of The Times in 1914 argued that the British Empire should enter what war?
A: World War I', '
Q: What anti-Semitic fabrication did The Times endorse in 1920?
A: The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion', "
Q: After publishing anti-Semitic editorials in 1920, what did The Times refer to Jews as being?
A: the world's greatest danger", "
Q: What was the name of the anti-Semitic article that The Time's Chief Editor published in 1914?
A: The Jewish Peril, a Disturbing Pamphlet: Call for Inquiry"]
The following year, when Philip Graves, the Constantinople (modern Istanbul) correspondent of The Times, exposed The Protocols as a forgery, The Times retracted the editorial of the previous year.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: A Constantinople correspondent of The Times exposed what anti-Semitic document as a forgery?
A: The Protocols', '
Q: Who was the name of the The Times Constantinople correspondent who exposed the anti-Semitic document as a forgery?
A: Philip Graves', '
Q: How did The Times respond to the exposing of anti-Semitic documents as forgery?
A: retracted the editorial']
In 1922, John Jacob Astor, son of the 1st Viscount Astor, bought The Times from the Northcliffe estate. The paper gained a measure of notoriety in the 1930s with its advocacy of German appeasement; then-editor Geoffrey Dawson was closely allied with those in the government who practised appeasement, most notably Neville Chamberlain.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In 1922, who bought The Times?
A: John Jacob Astor', '
Q: In 1922, which estate sold The Times?
A: Northcliffe estate', '
Q: The Times gained much notoriety in the 1930s because of its advocacy of what?
A: German appeasement', '
Q: Which The Times editor was closely allied with the government who practised German appeasement?
A: Geoffrey Dawson', '
Q: Which notable government official did The Times ally with in the 1930s whom practised German appeasement?
A: Neville Chamberlain']
Kim Philby, a Soviet double agent, was a correspondent for the newspaper in Spain during the Spanish Civil War of the late 1930s. Philby was admired for his courage in obtaining high-quality reporting from the front lines of the bloody conflict. He later joined MI6 during World War II, was promoted into senior positions after the war ended, then eventually defected to the Soviet Union in 1963.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was the name of the Soviet double agent who was the correspondent for The Times in Spain in the late 1930s?
A: Kim Philby', '
Q: A Soviet double agent working for The Times in Spain was a war correspondent during what war in the late 1930s?
A: Spanish Civil War', '
Q: During World War II, the Soviet double agent who was corresponding for The Times in Spain in the 1930s later joined what agency?
A: MI6', '
Q: In 1963, a notable double agent providing valuable and high-quality reporting for The Times during a war in the late 1930s eventually defected to which country?
A: Soviet Union']
Between 1941 and 1946, the left-wing British historian E.H. Carr was Assistant Editor. Carr was well known for the strongly pro-Soviet tone of his editorials. In December 1944, when fighting broke out in Athens between the Greek Communist ELAS and the British Army, Carr in a Times editorial sided with the Communists, leading Winston Churchill to condemn him and that leader in a speech to the House of Commons. As a result of Carr's editorial, The Times became popularly known during that stage of World War II as the threepenny Daily Worker (the price of the Daily Worker being one penny).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Between 1941 and 1946, which left-wing British historian was Assistant Editor for The Times?
A: E.H. Carr', '
Q: The Assistant Editor of The Times in 1941-1946 strongly supported what stance?
A: pro-Soviet', '
Q: Which side did The Times support in the fighting that broke out in Athens in 1944?
A: Communists', '
Q: Which major political figure condemned The Times in 1944 for not supporting the British Army?
A: Winston Churchill', '
Q: During World War II, The Times was nicknamed what in 1944?
A: the threepenny Daily Worker']