romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Windows 8 introduces a new style of application, Windows Store apps. According to Microsoft developer Jensen Harris, these apps are to be optimized for touchscreen environments and are more specialized than current desktop applications. Apps can run either in a full-screen mode, or be snapped to the side of a screen. Apps can provide toast notifications on screen or animate their tiles on the Start screen with dynamic content. Apps can use "contracts"; a collection of hooks to provide common functionality that can integrate with other apps, including search and sharing. Apps can also provide integration with other services; for example, the People app can connect to a variety of different social networks and services (such as Facebook, Skype, and People service), while the Photos app can aggregate photos from services such as Facebook and Flickr.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who is Jensen Harris?
A: Microsoft developer', '
Q: What apps can one expect the People app to match with?
A: Facebook, Skype, and People service', '
Q: What apps can one expect the Photos app to match with?
A: Facebook and Flickr', '
Q: What makes Windows Store apps unique?
A: apps are to be optimized for touchscreen environments and are more specialized than current desktop applications.', '
Q: What are contracts?
A: collection of hooks to provide common functionality that can integrate with other apps']
Windows Store apps run within a new set of APIs known as Windows Runtime, which supports programming languages such as C, C++, Visual Basic .NET, C#, along with HTML5 and JavaScript. If written in some "high-level" languages, apps written for Windows Runtime can be compatible with both Intel and ARM versions of Windows, otherwise they are not binary code compatible. Components may be compiled as Windows Runtime Components, permitting consumption by all compatible languages. To ensure stability and security, apps run within a sandboxed environment, and require permissions to access certain functionality, such as accessing the Internet or a camera.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What programming languages does Windows Runtime work with?
A: C, C++, Visual Basic .NET, C#, along with HTML5 and JavaScript', '
Q: What makes Windows apps binary code compatible?
A: If written in some "high-level" languages', '
Q: What does compiling components as Windows Runtime make possible?
A: permitting consumption by all compatible languages', '
Q: What kind of environment provides Windows apps extra security?
A: sandboxed environment']
Retail versions of Windows 8 are only able to install these apps through Windows Store—a namesake distribution platform which offers both apps, and listings for desktop programs certified for comparability with Windows 8. A method to sideload apps from outside Windows Store is available to devices running Windows 8 Enterprise and joined to a domain; Windows 8 Pro and Windows RT devices that are not part of a domain can also sideload apps, but only after special product keys are obtained through volume licensing.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where can Windows 8 install apps from?
A: Windows Store', '
Q: How do devices with Windows 8 Enterprise attain apps outside of the Windows Store?
A: sideload apps', '
Q: What other devices can sideload apps?
A: Windows 8 Pro and Windows RT devices']
The term "Immersive app" had been used internally by Microsoft developers to refer to the apps prior to the first official presentation of Windows 8, after which they were referred to as "Metro-style apps" in reference to the Metro design language. The term was phased out in August 2012; a Microsoft spokesperson denied rumors that the change was related to a potential trademark issue, and stated that "Metro" was only a codename that would be replaced prior to Windows 8's release. Following these reports, the terms "Modern UI-style apps", "Windows 8-style apps" and "Windows Store apps" began to be used by various Microsoft documents and material to refer to the new apps. In an interview on September 12, 2012, Soma Somasegar (vice president of Microsoft's development software division) confirmed that "Windows Store apps" would be the official term for the apps. An MSDN page explaining the Metro design language uses the term "Modern design" to refer to the language as a whole.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What does immersive app stand for?
A: the apps prior to the first official presentation of Windows 8', '
Q: What are apps after the introduction of Windows 8 called?
A: Metro-style apps', "
Q: Who is Soma Somasegar?
A: vice president of Microsoft's development software division", '
Q: When did Windows Store apps become the real term for the apps?
A: September 12, 2012']
Exceptions to the restrictions faced by Windows Store apps are given to web browsers. The user's default browser can distribute a Metro-style web browser in same package as the desktop version, which has access to functionality unavailable to other apps, such as being able to permanently run in the background, use multiple background processes, and use Windows API code instead of WinRT (allowing for code to be re-used with the desktop version, while still taking advantage of features available to Windows Store apps, such as charms). Microsoft advertises this exception privilege "New experience enabled" (formerly "Metro-style enabled").

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What code did Windows 8 change to?
A: API code instead of WinRT', '
Q: What term did Microsoft give to its exception privilige for web browsing?
A: New experience enabled', '
Q: What different options did the desktop version have?
A: able to permanently run in the background, use multiple background processes, and use Windows API code']
The developers of both Chrome and Firefox committed to developing Metro-style versions of their browsers; while Chrome's "Windows 8 mode" uses a full-screen version of the existing desktop interface, Firefox's version (which was first made available on the "Aurora" release channel in September 2013) uses a touch-optimized interface inspired by the Android version of Firefox. In October 2013, Chrome's app was changed to mimic the desktop environment used by Chrome OS. Development of the Firefox app for Windows 8 has since been cancelled, citing a lack of user adoption for the beta versions.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which two browsers promised to develop Metro-style versions of their browsers?
A: Chrome and Firefox', '
Q: What does Chromes version for Windows 8 do?
A: uses a full-screen version of the existing desktop interface', "
Q: What does Firefox's version for Windows 8 do?
A: uses a touch-optimized interface", "
Q: When was Firefox's version of Windows 8 made accesible?
A: September 2013"]
Windows 8 introduces significant changes to the operating system's user interface, many of which are aimed at improving its experience on tablet computers and other touchscreen devices. The new user interface is based on Microsoft's Metro design language, and uses a Start screen similar to that of Windows Phone 7 as the primary means of launching applications. The Start screen displays a customizable array of tiles linking to various apps and desktop programs, some of which can display constantly updated information and content through "live tiles". As a form of multi-tasking, apps can be snapped to the side of a screen. Alongside the traditional Control Panel, a new simplified and touch-optimized settings app known as "PC Settings" is used for basic configuration and user settings. It does not include many of the advanced options still accessible from the normal Control Panel.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is found on the Start Screen?
A: a customizable array of tiles linking to various apps and desktop programs', '
Q: What do live tiles do?
A: display constantly updated information and content', '
Q: What is the primary function of the PC Settings app? 
A: used for basic configuration and user settings', '
Q: Where can advanced settings options be found?
A: Control Panel', "
Q: What is the new System User interface built on?
A: Microsoft's Metro design language"]
A vertical toolbar known as the charms (accessed by swiping from the right edge of a touchscreen, or pointing the cursor at hotspots in the right corners of a screen) provides access to system and app-related functions, such as search, sharing, device management, settings, and a Start button. The traditional desktop environment for running desktop applications is accessed via a tile on the Start screen. The Start button on the taskbar from previous versions of Windows has been converted into a hotspot in the lower-left corner of the screen, which displays a large tooltip displaying a thumbnail of the Start screen. Swiping from the left edge of a touchscreen or clicking in the top-left corner of the screen allows one to switch between apps and Desktop. Pointing the cursor in the top-left corner of the screen and moving down reveals a thumbnail list of active apps. Aside from the removal of the Start button and the replacement of the Aero Glass theme with a flatter and solid-colored design, the desktop interface on Windows 8 is similar to that of Windows 7.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is charms?
A: A vertical toolbar', '
Q: What is the purpose of charms?
A: provides access to system and app-related functions, such as search, sharing, device management, settings, and a Start button', '
Q: How is an active list of apps accessed?
A: Pointing the cursor in the top-left corner of the screen and moving down', '
Q: What does swiping from the left edge of the screen do?
A: allows one to switch between apps and Desktop', '
Q: How is the traditional desktop evironment opened?
A: via a tile on the Start screen']
Several notable features have been removed in Windows 8, beginning with the traditional Start menu. Support for playing DVD-Video was removed from Windows Media Player due to the cost of licensing the necessary decoders (especially for devices which do not include optical disc drives at all) and the prevalence of online streaming services. For the same reasons, Windows Media Center is not included by default on Windows 8, but Windows Media Center and DVD playback support can be purchased in the "Pro Pack" (which upgrades the system to Windows 8 Pro) or "Media Center Pack" add-on for Windows 8 Pro. As with prior versions, third-party DVD player software can still be used to enable DVD playback.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Why was the ability to play DVD-Video taken off of Windows Media Player?
A: the cost of licensing the necessary decoders', '
Q: What does the Pro Pack do?
A: upgrades the system to Windows 8 Pro', '
Q: Which main feature was removed in Windows 8?
A: the traditional Start menu']
Backup and Restore, the backup component of Windows, is deprecated. It still ships with Windows 8 and continues to work on preset schedules, but is pushed to the background and can only be accessed through a Control Panel applet called "Windows 7 File Recovery".:76 Shadow Copy, a component of Windows Explorer that once saved previous versions of changed files, no longer protects local files and folders. It can only access previous versions of shared files stored on a Windows Server computer.:74 The subsystem on which these components worked, however, is still available for other software to use.:74

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What backup element is still found on Windows 8?
A: Backup and Restore', '
Q: How is Backup and Restore opened?
A: through a Control Panel applet called "Windows 7 File Recovery"', '
Q: What does :76 Shadow Copy do?
A: access previous versions of shared files stored on a Windows Server computer', '
Q: What is :74 used for? 
A: other software']
Microsoft released minimum hardware requirements for tablet and laplet devices to be "certified" for Windows 8, and defined a convertible form factor as a standalone device that combines the PC, display and rechargeable power source with a mechanically attached keyboard and pointing device in a single chassis. A convertible can be transformed into a tablet where the attached input devices are hidden or removed leaving the display as the only input mechanism. On March 12, 2013, Microsoft amended its certification requirements to only require that screens on tablets have a minimum resolution of 1024×768 (down from the previous 1366×768). The amended requirement is intended to allow "greater design flexibility" for future products.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Why did Microsoft decrease the required resoultion for tablets?
A: to allow "greater design flexibility" for future products', '
Q: What is a convertible form factor? 
A: a standalone device that combines the PC, display and rechargeable power source with a mechanically attached keyboard and pointing device in a single chassis', '
Q: How does a convertible become a tablet?
A: attached input devices are hidden or removed leaving the display as the only input mechanism', '
Q: What did Microsoft change the tablet resolution requirements on March 12, 2013?
A: 1024×768']
Windows 8 is available in three different editions, of which the lowest version, branded simply as Windows 8, and Windows 8 Pro, were sold at retail in most countries, and as pre-loaded software on new computers. Each edition of Windows 8 includes all of the capabilities and features of the edition below it, and add additional features oriented towards their market segments. For example, Pro added BitLocker, Hyper-V, the ability to join a domain, and the ability to install Windows Media Center as a paid add-on. Users of Windows 8 can purchase a "Pro Pack" license that upgrades their system to Windows 8 Pro through Add features to Windows. This license also includes Windows Media Center. Windows 8 Enterprise contains additional features aimed towards business environments, and is only available through volume licensing. A port of Windows 8 for ARM architecture, Windows RT, is marketed as an edition of Windows 8, but was only included as pre-loaded software on devices specifically developed for it.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many Windows 8 editions are there?
A: three', '
Q: What extras does Windows 8 Pro have?
A: BitLocker, Hyper-V, the ability to join a domain, and the ability to install Windows Media Center as a paid add-on', '
Q: What extras do Windows 8 Enterprise have?
A: features aimed towards business environments', '
Q: How would one get Windows RT?
A: as pre-loaded software on devices specifically developed for it']
Windows 8 was distributed as a retail box product on DVD, and through a digital download that could be converted into DVD or USB install media. As part of a launch promotion, Microsoft offered Windows 8 Pro upgrades at a discounted price of US$39.99 online, or $69.99 for retail box from its launch until January 31, 2013; afterward the Windows 8 price has been $119.99 and the Pro price $199.99. Those who purchased new PCs pre-loaded with Windows 7 Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, or Ultimate between June 2, 2012 and January 31, 2013 could digitally purchase a Windows 8 Pro upgrade for US$14.99. Several PC manufacturers offered rebates and refunds on Windows 8 upgrades obtained through the promotion on select models, such as Hewlett-Packard (in the U.S. and Canada on select models), and Acer (in Europe on selected Ultrabook models). During these promotions, the Windows Media Center add-on for Windows 8 Pro was also offered for free.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: During it's launch how much was a Windows 8 upgrade?
A: $39.99 online, or $69.99 for retail box", '
Q: What is the Windows 8 price?
A: $119.99', '
Q: What is the Windows 8 Pro price?
A: $199.99', '
Q: Which PC owners could purchase a Windows 8 Pro uprgrade for $14.99?
A: PCs pre-loaded with Windows 7 Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, or Ultimate', '
Q: How much was the Windows Media Center add-on during the original Windows 8 promotion?
A: free']
Unlike previous versions of Windows, Windows 8 was distributed at retail in "Upgrade" licenses only, which require an existing version of Windows to install. The "full version software" SKU, which was more expensive but could be installed on computers without an eligible OS or none at all, was discontinued. In lieu of full version, a specialized "System Builder" SKU was introduced. The "System Builder" SKU replaced the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) SKU, which was only allowed to be used on PCs meant for resale, but added a "Personal Use License" exemption that officially allowed its purchase and personal use by users on homebuilt computers.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What restrictions do Windows upgrade licenses have?
A: require an existing version of Windows to install', '
Q: What did Windows offer in place of a full version of the software?
A: specialized "System Builder" SKU', '
Q: What did the System Builder SKU take the place of?
A: (OEM) SKU', '
Q: What does OEM stand for?
A: original equipment manufacturer', '
Q: What did the Personal Use License allow?
A: purchase and personal use by users on homebuilt computers']
Retail distribution of Windows 8 has since been discontinued in favor of Windows 8.1. Unlike 8, 8.1 is available as "full version software" at both retail and online for download that does not require a previous version of Windows in order to be installed. Pricing for these new copies remain identical. With the retail release returning to full version software for Windows 8.1, the "Personal Use License" exemption was removed from the OEM SKU, meaning that end users building their own PCs for personal use must use the full retail version in order to satisfy the Windows 8.1 licensing requirements. Windows 8.1 with Bing is a special OEM-specific SKU of Windows 8.1 subsidized by Microsoft's Bing search engine.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What replaced Windows 8?
A: Windows 8.1', '
Q: What is the primary difference in Windows 8.1? 
A: 8.1 is available as "full version software"', '
Q: What exemption was removed from Windows 8.1?
A: Personal Use License', "
Q: What is Windows 8.1 with Bing?
A: a special OEM-specific SKU of Windows 8.1 subsidized by Microsoft's Bing search engine"]
The three desktop editions of Windows 8 support 32-bit and 64-bit architectures; retail copies of Windows 8 include install DVDs for both architectures, while the online installer automatically installs the version corresponding with the architecture of the system's existing Windows installation. The 32-bit version runs on CPUs compatible with x86 architecture 3rd generation (known as IA-32) or newer, and can run 32-bit and 16-bit applications, although 16-bit support must be enabled first. (16-bit applications are developed for CPUs compatible with x86 2nd generation, first conceived in 1978. Microsoft started moving away from this architecture after Windows 95.)

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What architecture types does Windows 8 support?
A: 32-bit and 64-bit', '
Q: What is 16-bit support intended for?
A: CPUs compatible with x86 2nd generation', '
Q: When was x86 2nd generation created?
A: 1978', "
Q: How does the online Windows installer know which version to install?
A: automatically installs the version corresponding with the architecture of the system's existing Windows installation"]
Windows RT, the only edition of Windows 8 for systems with ARM processors, only supports applications included with the system (such as a special version of Office 2013), supplied through Windows Update, or Windows Store apps, to ensure that the system only runs applications that are optimized for the architecture. Windows RT does not support running IA-32 or x64 applications. Windows Store apps can either support both the x86 and ARM architectures, or compiled to support a specific architecture.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What Windows version is compatible with ARM processors?
A: Windows RT', '
Q: What apps work on Windows RT?
A: only supports applications included with the system', '
Q: Why does Windows RT only work with apps included with the system?
A: to ensure that the system only runs applications that are optimized for the architecture']
Following the unveiling of Windows 8, Microsoft faced criticism (particularly from free software supporters) for mandating that devices receiving its optional certification for Windows 8 have secure boot enabled by default using a key provided by Microsoft. Concerns were raised that secure boot could prevent or hinder the use of alternate operating systems such as Linux. In a post discussing secure boot on the Building Windows 8 blog, Microsoft developer Tony Mangefeste indicated that vendors would provide means to customize secure boot, stating that "At the end of the day, the customer is in control of their PC. Microsoft's philosophy is to provide customers with the best experience first, and allow them to make decisions themselves." Microsoft's certification guidelines for Windows 8 ultimately revealed that vendors would be required to provide means for users to re-configure or disable secure boot in their device's UEFI firmware. It also revealed that ARM devices (Windows RT) would be required to have secure boot permanently enabled, with no way for users to disable it. However, Tom Warren of The Verge noted that other vendors have implemented similar hardware restrictions on their own ARM-based tablet and smartphone products (including those running Microsoft's own Windows Phone platform), but still argued that Microsoft should "keep a consistent approach across ARM and x86, though, not least because of the number of users who'd love to run Android alongside Windows 8 on their future tablets." No mandate is made regarding the installation of third-party certificates that would enable running alternative programs.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who condemned Microsoft for requiring devices to have secure boot enabled by default?
A: free software supporters', '
Q: What resolution did Microsoft come to in their certificiation guidelines?
A: vendors would be required to provide means for users to re-configure or disable secure boot', '
Q: Who is Tony Mangefeste?
A: Microsoft developer', '
Q: What ideology does Microsoft follow?
A: to provide customers with the best experience first, and allow them to make decisions themselves']
Several notable video game developers criticized Microsoft for making its Windows Store a closed platform subject to its own regulations, as it conflicted with their view of the PC as an open platform. Markus "Notch" Persson (creator of the indie game Minecraft), Gabe Newell (co-founder of Valve Corporation and developer of software distribution platform Steam), and Rob Pardo from Activision Blizzard voiced concern about the closed nature of the Windows Store. However, Tom Warren of The Verge stated that Microsoft's addition of the Store was simply responding to the success of both Apple and Google in pursuing the "curated application store approach."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who criticized Microsofts closed platform Windows Store?
A: video game developers', '
Q: Who created Minecraft?
A: Markus "Notch" Persson', '
Q: Who developed Steam?
A: Gabe Newell', '
Q: What company is Rob Pardo associated with?
A: Activision Blizzard', '
Q: What was the main reasoning behind the creation of the Windows Store?
A: responding to the success of both Apple and Google in pursuing the "curated application store approach."']