romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
On 10 October 2009, Armenia and Turkey signed protocols on normalisation of relationships, which set a timetable for restoring diplomatic ties and reopening their joint border. The ratification of those had to be made in the national parliaments. In Armenia it passed through the required by legislation approval of the Constitutional Court and was sent to the parliament for the final ratification. The President had made multiple public announcements, both in Armenia and abroad, that as the leader of the political majority of Armenia he assured the ratification of the protocols if Turkey also ratified them. Despite this, the process stopped, as Turkey continuously added more preconditions to its ratification and also "delayed it beyond any reasonable time-period".

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did Armenia and Turkey initiate an attempt to reopen their border?
A: 10 October 2009', '
Q: Who made it difficult to ratify the protocols to reopen the Armenian/Turkey border?
A: Turkey', '
Q: Who ratifies protocols in Armenia?
A: national parliaments', '
Q: How did Turkey thwart the ratification of these protocols?
A: continuously added more preconditions to its ratification']
Due to its position between two unfriendly neighbours, Armenia has close security ties with Russia. At the request of the Armenian government, Russia maintains a military base in the northwestern Armenian city of Gyumri as a deterrent against Turkey.[citation needed] Despite this, Armenia has also been looking toward Euro-Atlantic structures in recent years. It maintains good relations with the United States especially through its Armenian diaspora. According to the US Census Bureau, there are 427,822 Armenians living in the country.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Russia has a military base in which city in Armenia?
A: Gyumri', '
Q: How many Armenians reside in the United States?
A: 427,822', '
Q: Why does Russia have a miltary base In Gyumri?
A: as a deterrent against Turkey', '
Q: Who gave Russia permission to have a military base in Gyumri?
A: Armenian government']
Armenia is also a member of the Council of Europe, maintaining friendly relations with the European Union, especially with its member states such as France and Greece. A 2005 survey reported that 64% of Armenia's population would be in favor of joining the EU. Several Armenian officials have also expressed the desire for their country to eventually become an EU member state, some[who?] predicting that it will make an official bid for membership in a few years.[citation needed] In 2004 its forces joined KFOR, a NATO-led international force in Kosovo. It is also an observer member of the Eurasian Economic Community and the Non-Aligned Movement.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many of Armenias inhabitants approve of becoming part of the EU?
A: 64%', '
Q: What is KFOR?
A: a NATO-led international force in Kosovo', '
Q: What are some states join Armenia in the Council of Europe?
A: France and Greece', '
Q: When can the EU expect Armenia to attempt to join it?
A: in a few years']
The Armenian Army, Air Force, Air Defence, and Border Guard comprise the four branches of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Armenia. The Armenian military was formed after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and with the establishment of the Ministry of Defence in 1992. The Commander-in-Chief of the military is the President of Armenia, Serzh Sargsyan. The Ministry of Defence is in charge of political leadership, currently headed by Colonel General Seyran Ohanyan, while military command remains in the hands of the General Staff, headed by the Chief of Staff, who is currently Colonel General Yuri Khatchaturov.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was the Armenian military created?
A: 1991', '
Q: When was the Ministry of Defence founded?
A: 1992', '
Q: What are the four branches of the Armenian Armed Forces?
A: The Armenian Army, Air Force, Air Defence, and Border Guard', '
Q: Who is in charge of the the Armenian military?
A: Colonel General Yuri Khatchaturov', '
Q: Who is in charge of the Ministry of Defence?
A: Colonel General Seyran Ohanyan']
Armenia is member of Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) along with Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. It participates in NATO's Partnership for Peace (PiP) program and is in a NATO organisation called Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC). Armenia has engaged in a peacekeeping mission in Kosovo as part of non-NATO KFOR troops under Greek command. Armenia also had 46 members of its military peacekeeping forces as a part of the Coalition Forces in Iraq War until October 2008.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What does CSTO stand for?
A: Collective Security Treaty Organisation', '
Q: What does EAPC stand for?
A: Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council', '
Q: Who else joins Armenia in the CSTO?
A: Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan', '
Q: When did Armenia remove its peacekeepers from Iraq?
A: October 2008']
Within each province are communities (hamaynkner, singular hamaynk). Each community is self-governing and consists of one or more settlements (bnakavayrer, singular bnakavayr). Settlements are classified as either towns (kaghakner, singular kaghak) or villages (gyugher, singular gyugh). As of 2007[update], Armenia includes 915 communities, of which 49 are considered urban and 866 are considered rural. The capital, Yerevan, also has the status of a community. Additionally, Yerevan is divided into twelve semi-autonomous districts.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many hamaynkner does Armenia have?
A: 915', '
Q: How many districts does Yerevan have?
A: twelve', '
Q: Does Armenia have more rural or uban hamaynker?
A: rural', '
Q: What is the Armenian term for settlment?
A: bnakavayr']
The economy relies heavily on investment and support from Armenians abroad. Before independence, Armenia's economy was largely industry-based – chemicals, electronics, machinery, processed food, synthetic rubber, and textile – and highly dependent on outside resources. The republic had developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics in exchange for raw materials and energy. Recently, the Intel Corporation agreed to open a research center in Armenia, in addition to other technology companies, signalling the growth of the technology industry in Armenia.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What group is opening a research center in Armenia?
A: Intel Corporation', '
Q: As opposed to an industry-based economy, what industry is Armenia moving to?
A: technology industry', '
Q: The Arnmenian economy depends primarily on what?
A: investment and support from Armenians abroad', '
Q: What did Armenias industry-based economy consist of?
A: chemicals, electronics, machinery, processed food, synthetic rubber, and textile']
Agriculture accounted for less than 20% of both net material product and total employment before the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. After independence, the importance of agriculture in the economy increased markedly, its share at the end of the 1990s rising to more than 30% of GDP and more than 40% of total employment. This increase in the importance of agriculture was attributable to food security needs of the population in the face of uncertainty during the first phases of transition and the collapse of the non-agricultural sectors of the economy in the early 1990s. As the economic situation stabilized and growth resumed, the share of agriculture in GDP dropped to slightly over 20% (2006 data), although the share of agriculture in employment remained more than 40%.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Was agriculture more important before or after Armenia left the Soviet Union?
A: After', "
Q: Why did agriculture become so significant for Armenia's economy?
A: food security needs", '
Q: How much of total employment did agriculture account for at the end of the 1990s?
A: 40%', '
Q: How much of the GDP has agriculture accounted for most recently?
A: 20%']
Like other newly independent states of the former Soviet Union, Armenia's economy suffers from the breakdown of former Soviet trading patterns. Soviet investment in and support of Armenian industry has virtually disappeared, so that few major enterprises are still able to function. In addition, the effects of the 1988 Spitak earthquake, which killed more than 25,000 people and made 500,000 homeless, are still being felt. The conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh has not been resolved. The closure of Azerbaijani and Turkish borders has devastated the economy, because Armenia depends on outside supplies of energy and most raw materials. Land routes through Georgia and Iran are inadequate or unreliable. The GDP fell nearly 60% between 1989 and 1993, but then resumed robust growth. The national currency, the dram, suffered hyperinflation for the first years after its introduction in 1993.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many people died because of the Spitak earthquake?
A: more than 25,000', '
Q: When was the Spitak earthquake?
A: 1988', '
Q: How much did the Armenian GDP decrease from 1989-1993
A: 60%', '
Q: What is the national currency of Armenia?
A: the dram']
Nevertheless, the government was able to make wide-ranging economic reforms that paid off in dramatically lower inflation and steady growth. The 1994 cease-fire in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has also helped the economy. Armenia has had strong economic growth since 1995, building on the turnaround that began the previous year, and inflation has been negligible for the past several years. New sectors, such as precious-stone processing and jewellery making, information and communication technology, and even tourism are beginning to supplement more traditional sectors of the economy, such as agriculture.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did Armenia declare a cease-fire to in 1994?
A: Nagorno-Karabakh conflict', '
Q: Since when has Armenia experienced a positive growth in their economy?
A: 1995', '
Q: What helped Armenia decrease inflation and create study growth in the economy?
A: economic reforms', '
Q: What is one of the newer sectors Armenia has in addition to agriculture?
A: precious-stone processing']
This steady economic progress has earned Armenia increasing support from international institutions. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), and other international financial institutions (IFIs) and foreign countries are extending considerable grants and loans. Loans to Armenia since 1993 exceed $1.1 billion. These loans are targeted at reducing the budget deficit and stabilizing the currency; developing private businesses; energy; agriculture; food processing; transportation; the health and education sectors; and ongoing rehabilitation in the earthquake zone. The government joined the World Trade Organization on 5 February 2003. But one of the main sources of foreign direct investments remains the Armenian diaspora, which finances major parts of the reconstruction of infrastructure and other public projects. Being a growing democratic state, Armenia also hopes to get more financial aid from the Western World.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What does IMF stand for?
A: International Monetary Fund', '
Q: What dos EBRD stand for?
A: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development', '
Q: What does IFI stand for?
A: international financial institutions', '
Q: How much in loans has Armenia received since 1993?
A: $1.1 billion', '
Q: When did Armenia become a part of the World Trade Organization?
A: 5 February 2003']
A liberal foreign investment law was approved in June 1994, and a law on privatisation was adopted in 1997, as well as a program of state property privatisation. Continued progress will depend on the ability of the government to strengthen its macroeconomic management, including increasing revenue collection, improving the investment climate, and making strides against corruption. However, unemployment, which currently stands at around 15%, still remains a major problem due to the influx of thousands of refugees from the Karabakh conflict.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the unemployment rate in Armenia?
A: 15%', "
Q: To what does Armenia attribute it's high unemployment rate?
A: refugees from the Karabakh conflict", '
Q: When did Armenia establish a foreign investment law?
A: June 1994', '
Q: When did Armenia establish a law on privatisation?
A: 1997']
In the 1988–89 school year, 301 students per 10,000 population were in specialized secondary or higher education, a figure slightly lower than the Soviet average. In 1989 some 58% of Armenians over age fifteen had completed their secondary education, and 14% had a higher education. In the 1990–91 school year, the estimated 1,307 primary and secondary schools were attended by 608,800 students. Another seventy specialized secondary institutions had 45,900 students, and 68,400 students were enrolled in a total of ten postsecondary institutions that included universities. In addition, 35% of eligible children attended preschools. In 1992 Armenia's largest institution of higher learning, Yerevan State University, had eighteen departments, including ones for social sciences, sciences, and law. Its faculty numbered about 1,300 teachers and its student population about 10,000 students. The National Polytechnic University of Armenia is operating since 1933.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What percent of Armenian children go to preschool?
A: 35%', "
Q: What is Armenia's biggest University?
A: Yerevan State University", '
Q: When did the National Polytechnic University of Armenia open?
A: 1933', '
Q: How many students did Yerevan State University have in 1992?
A: 10,000', '
Q: How many teachers did Yerevan State University have in 1992?
A: 1,300']
On the basis of the expansion and development of Yerevan State University a number of higher educational independent Institutions were formed including Medical Institute separated in 1930 which was set up on the basis of medical faculty. In 1980 Yerevan State Medical University was awarded one of the main rewards of the former USSR – the Order of Labor red Banner for training qualified specialists in health care and valuable service in the development of Medical Science. In 1995 YSMI was renamed to YSMU and since 1989 it has been named after Mkhitar Heratsi, the famous medieval doctor. Mkhitar Heratsi was the founder of Armenian Medical school in Cilician Armenia. The great doctor played the same role in Armenian Medical Science as Hippocrates in Western, Galen in Roman, Ibn Sīnā in Arabic medicine.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was Yerevan State Medical University awarded the Order of Labor red Banner?
A: 1980', '
Q: When was the Medical Institute formed?
A: 1930', '
Q: When was Yerevan State Medical Institute renamed to Yerevan State Medical University?
A: 1995', '
Q: Who founded the Armenian Medical school in Cilician Armenia?
A: Mkhitar Heratsi', '
Q: Which doctor did the YSMU rename itself after?
A: Mkhitar Heratsi']
Foreign students' department for Armenian diaspora established in 1957 later was enlarged and the enrollment of foreign students began. Nowadays the YSMU is a Medical Institution corresponding to international requirements, trains medical staff for not only Armenia and neighbor countries, i.e. Iran, Syria, Lebanon, Georgia, but also many other leading countries all over the world. A great number of foreign students from India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, the USA and Russian Federation study together with Armenian students. Nowadays the university is ranked among famous higher Medical Institutions and takes its honorable place in the World Directory of Medical Schools published by the WHO.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who is in charge of releasing the World Directory of Medical Schools?
A: WHO', '
Q: When was the foreign student department for Armenian diaspora created?
A: 1957', '
Q: Armenian students attend YMSU with foreign students from where?
A: India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, the USA and Russian Federation']
Other educational institutions in Armenia include the American University of Armenia and the QSI International School of Yerevan. The American University of Armenia has graduate programs in Business and Law, among others. The institution owes its existence to the combined efforts of the Government of Armenia, the Armenian General Benevolent Union, U.S. Agency for International Development, and the University of California. The extension programs and the library at AUA form a new focal point for English-language intellectual life in the city. Armenia also hosts a deployment of OLPC – One Laptopschool Per child XO laptop-tablet schools.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What does OLPC stand for?
A: One Laptopschool Per child', '
Q: What are the names of some of the other higher education organizations in Armenia?
A: American University of Armenia and the QSI International School of Yerevan', '
Q: What are some of the graduate programs available at AUA?
A: Business and Law']
Instruments like the duduk, the dhol, the zurna, and the kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music. Artists such as Sayat Nova are famous due to their influence in the development of Armenian folk music. One of the oldest types of Armenian music is the Armenian chant which is the most common kind of religious music in Armenia. Many of these chants are ancient in origin, extending to pre-Christian times, while others are relatively modern, including several composed by Saint Mesrop Mashtots, the inventor of the Armenian alphabet. Whilst under Soviet rule, Armenian classical music composer Aram Khatchaturian became internationally well known for his music, for various ballets and the Sabre Dance from his composition for the ballet Gayane.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are some examples of Armenian folk music instruments?
A: the duduk, the dhol, the zurna, and the kanun', '
Q: Who created the Armenian alphabet?
A: Saint Mesrop Mashtots', '
Q: Who composed the Sabre Dance?
A: Aram Khatchaturian', '
Q: What is known as one of the most prolific type of religious music in Armenia?
A: the Armenian chant']
The Armenian Genocide caused widespread emigration that led to the settlement of Armenians in various countries in the world. Armenians kept to their traditions and certain diasporans rose to fame with their music. In the post-Genocide Armenian community of the United States, the so-called "kef" style Armenian dance music, using Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments (often electrified/amplified) and some western instruments, was popular. This style preserved the folk songs and dances of Western Armenia, and many artists also played the contemporary popular songs of Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries from which the Armenians emigrated.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is kef?
A: Armenian dance music, using Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments', '
Q: What did kef help do?
A: preserved the folk songs and dances of Western Armenia', '
Q: Where did the Armenians emigrate from?
A: Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries']
Richard Hagopian is perhaps the most famous artist of the traditional "kef" style and the Vosbikian Band was notable in the 1940s and 1950s for developing their own style of "kef music" heavily influenced by the popular American Big Band Jazz of the time. Later, stemming from the Middle Eastern Armenian diaspora and influenced by Continental European (especially French) pop music, the Armenian pop music genre grew to fame in the 1960s and 1970s with artists such as Adiss Harmandian and Harout Pamboukjian performing to the Armenian diaspora and Armenia; also with artists such as Sirusho, performing pop music combined with Armenian folk music in today's entertainment industry.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who is the most well know kef artist?
A: Richard Hagopian', '
Q: What type of music had the biggest impact on the kef of the Vosbikian Band?
A: American Big Band Jazz', '
Q: When did Armenian pop music become popular?
A: the 1960s and 1970s', '
Q: Who were some Armenian pop artists?
A: Adiss Harmandian and Harout Pamboukjian']
Other Armenian diasporans that rose to fame in classical or international music circles are world-renowned French-Armenian singer and composer Charles Aznavour, pianist Sahan Arzruni, prominent opera sopranos such as Hasmik Papian and more recently Isabel Bayrakdarian and Anna Kasyan. Certain Armenians settled to sing non-Armenian tunes such as the heavy metal band System of a Down (which nonetheless often incorporates traditional Armenian instrumentals and styling into their songs) or pop star Cher. In the Armenian diaspora, Armenian revolutionary songs are popular with the youth. These songs encourage Armenian patriotism and are generally about Armenian history and national heroes.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What type of musician is Sahan Arzruni?
A: pianist', '
Q: What type of band was System of a Down?
A: heavy metal', '
Q: What type of songs do armenian youth prefer?
A: Armenian revolutionary songs', '
Q: What topics do armenian revolutionary songs usually encompass?
A: Armenian history and national heroes']
Yerevan Vernissage (arts and crafts market), close to Republic Square, bustles with hundreds of vendors selling a variety of crafts on weekends and Wednesdays (though the selection is much reduced mid-week). The market offers woodcarving, antiques, fine lace, and the hand-knotted wool carpets and kilims that are a Caucasus specialty. Obsidian, which is found locally, is crafted into assortment of jewellery and ornamental objects. Armenian gold smithery enjoys a long tradition, populating one corner of the market with a selection of gold items. Soviet relics and souvenirs of recent Russian manufacture – nesting dolls, watches, enamel boxes and so on – are also available at the Vernisage.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is Obsidian used for?
A: jewellery and ornamental objects', '
Q: What are some examples of soviet memorabilia that can be purchased at Vernissage?
A: nesting dolls, watches, enamel boxes', '
Q: What types of crafts can be purchased at Vernissage?
A: woodcarving, antiques, fine lace, and the hand-knotted wool carpets and kilims', '
Q: What is Vernissage?
A: arts and crafts market']
The National Art Gallery in Yerevan has more than 16,000 works that date back to the Middle Ages, which indicate Armenia's rich tales and stories of the times. It houses paintings by many European masters as well. The Modern Art Museum, the Children’s Picture Gallery, and the Martiros Saryan Museum are only a few of the other noteworthy collections of fine art on display in Yerevan. Moreover, many private galleries are in operation, with many more opening every year, featuring rotating exhibitions and sales.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many pieces can be found in the Yerevan National Art Gallery?
A: more than 16,000', '
Q: Where other than the National Art Gallery can one find art on display in Yerevan?
A: The Modern Art Museum, the Children’s Picture Gallery, and the Martiros Saryan Museum', '
Q: What is the earliest period the National Art Gallery has pieces from?
A: the Middle Ages']
A wide array of sports are played in Armenia, the most popular among them being wrestling, weightlifting, judo, association football, chess, and boxing. Armenia's mountainous terrain provides great opportunities for the practice of sports like skiing and climbing. Being a landlocked country, water sports can only be practiced on lakes, notably Lake Sevan. Competitively, Armenia has been successful in chess, weightlifting and wrestling at the international level. Armenia is also an active member of the international sports community, with full membership in the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). It also hosts the Pan-Armenian Games.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which lake is most popular for water sports in Armenia?
A: Lake Sevan', '
Q: What international sports has Armenia done well at?
A: chess, weightlifting and wrestling', '
Q: What does IIHF stand for?
A: Ice Hockey Federation', '
Q: Which Games does Armenia hold?
A: Pan-Armenian Games']