romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Imperial College TV
ICTV (formerly STOIC (Student Television of Imperial College)) is Imperial College Union's TV station, founded in 1969 and operated from a small TV studio in the Electrical Engineering block. The department had bought an early AMPEX Type A 1-inch videotape recorder and this was used to produce an occasional short news programme which was then played to students by simply moving the VTR and a monitor into a common room. A cable link to the Southside halls of residence was laid in a tunnel under Exhibition Road in 1972. Besides the news, early productions included a film of the Queen opening what was then called College Block and interview programmes with DJ Mike Raven, Richard O'Brian and Monty Python producer Ian MacNaughton. The society was renamed to ICTV for the start of the 2014/15 academic year.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What does the abbreviation STOIC stand for?
A: Student Television of Imperial College', "
Q: What is STOIC's modern name?
A: Imperial College TV", "
Q: When was Imperial College Union's TV station founded?
A: 1969", '
Q: Where was a cable link located that connected the Southside Halls of residence?
A: Exhibition Road', "
Q: When was the station renamed to it's modern name?
A: start of the 2014/15 academic year"]
Non-academic alumni: Author, H. G. Wells, McLaren and Ferrari Chief Designer, Nicholas Tombazis, CEO of Rolls Royce, Ralph Robins, rock band Queen, Brian May, CEO of Singapore Airlines, Chew Choon Seng, Prime Minister of New Zealand, Julius Vogel, Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi, Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore, Teo Chee Hean, Chief Medical Officer for England, Sir Liam Donaldson, Head Physician to the Queen, Huw Thomas, CEO of Moonfruit, Wendy Tan White, Businessman and philanthropist, Winston Wong, billionaire hedge fund manager Alan Howard.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which famous automobile designer is considered a non - academic alumni?
A: Nicholas Tombazis', '
Q: Which famous author is considered an alumni for Imperial?
A: H. G. Wells', "
Q: Which airline's CEO can be called a non - academic alumni of Imperial?
A: Singapore Airlines", '
Q: Which incredibly prestigious position did Huw Thomas hold?
A: Head Physician to the Queen', '
Q: Which hedge fund manager with a networth of over a billion is considered an alumni?
A: Alan Howard']
The Great Exhibition was organised by Prince Albert, Henry Cole, Francis Fuller and other members of the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce. The Great Exhibition made a surplus of £186,000 used in creating an area in the South of Kensington celebrating the encouragement of the arts, industry, and science. Albert insisted the Great Exhibition surplus should be used as a home for culture and education for everyone. His commitment was to find practical solutions to today's social challenges. Prince Albert's vision built the Victoria and Albert Museum, Science Museum, Natural History Museum, Geological Museum, Royal College of Science, Royal College of Art, Royal School of Mines, Royal School of Music, Royal College of Organists, Royal School of Needlework, Royal Geographical Society, Institute of Recorded Sound, Royal Horticultural Gardens, Royal Albert Hall and the Imperial Institute. Royal colleges and the Imperial Institute merged to form what is now Imperial College London.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which society organized The Great Exhibition?
A: Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce', '
Q: How much of a surplus did The Great Ehibition raise?
A: £186,000', '
Q: Who insisted that the surplus from The Great Exhibition be used as a home for culture and education for all?
A: Albert', "
Q: What was Prince Albert's commitment?
A: to find practical solutions to today's social challenges", '
Q: What did the Royal colleges and Imperial Institute form when they merged?
A: Imperial College London']
In 1907, the newly established Board of Education found that greater capacity for higher technical education was needed and a proposal to merge the City and Guilds College, the Royal School of Mines and the Royal College of Science was approved and passed, creating The Imperial College of Science and Technology as a constituent college of the University of London. Imperial's Royal Charter, granted by Edward VII, was officially signed on 8 July 1907. The main campus of Imperial College was constructed beside the buildings of the Imperial Institute in South Kensington.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who proposed a merger of many colleges in 1907?
A: Board of Education', '
Q: What was the reasoning behind the proposal to merge many colleges?
A: greater capacity for higher technical education was needed', '
Q: When the merger was passed, what constituent college was created?
A: The Imperial College of Science and Technology', '
Q: Who did the constituent college belong to?
A: University of London', "
Q: Which document, granted by Edward VII, was officially signed on the 8th of July 1907?
A: Imperial's Royal Charter"]
In the financial year ended 31 July 2013, Imperial had a total net income of £822.0 million (2011/12 – £765.2 million) and total expenditure of £754.9 million (2011/12 – £702.0 million). Key sources of income included £329.5 million from research grants and contracts (2011/12 – £313.9 million), £186.3 million from academic fees and support grants (2011/12 – £163.1 million), £168.9 million from Funding Council grants (2011/12 – £172.4 million) and £12.5 million from endowment and investment income (2011/12 – £8.1 million). During the 2012/13 financial year Imperial had a capital expenditure of £124 million (2011/12 – £152 million).

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What was Imperial's net income for the financial year that ended on 31 July 2013?
A: £822.0 million", "
Q: What was Imperial's total expenditure for the financial year that ended on the 31 July 2013?
A: £754.9 million", '
Q: How much income was generated from research grants and contracts for 2013?
A: £329.5 million', '
Q: Who granted Imperial close to 170 million pounds in grants?
A: Funding Council', "
Q: What was Imperial's capital expenditure for the 2012/2013 financial year?
A: £124 million"]
In 1988 Imperial merged with St Mary's Hospital Medical School, becoming The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. In 1995 Imperial launched its own academic publishing house, Imperial College Press, in partnership with World Scientific. Imperial merged with the National Heart and Lung Institute in 1995 and the Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Royal Postgraduate Medical School (RPMS) and the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in 1997. In the same year the Imperial College School of Medicine was formally established and all of the property of Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, the National Heart and Lung Institute and the Royal Postgraduate Medical School were transferred to Imperial as the result of the Imperial College Act 1997. In 1998 the Sir Alexander Fleming Building was opened by Queen Elizabeth II to provide a headquarters for the College's medical and biomedical research.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: In which year did Imperial merge with St Mary's Hospital Medical School?
A: 1988", "
Q: Which school resulted from Imperial's merger with St Mary's?
A: The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine", '
Q: Who did Imperial partner with to launch the Imperial College Press?
A: World Scientific', '
Q: What year was the Imperial College School of Medicine formally established?
A: 1997', '
Q: What is the name of the building that was opened by Queen Elizabeth II?
A: Sir Alexander Fleming Building']
The 2008 Research Assessment Exercise returned 26% of the 1225 staff submitted as being world-leading (4*) and a further 47% as being internationally excellent (3*). The 2008 Research Assessment Exercise also showed five subjects – Pure Mathematics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, and Mechanical, Aeronautical and Manufacturing Engineering – were assessed to be the best[clarification needed] in terms of the proportion of internationally recognised research quality.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What percentage of Imperial's staff was classified as world leading in 2008?
A: 26%", "
Q: What percentage of Imperial's staff was deemed to be internationally excellent in 2008?
A: 47%", "
Q: Which group assessed Imperial's staff members to determine their standing in relation to the rest of the world?
A: Research Assessment Exercise", '
Q: How many subjects were judged to be the best in terms of internationally recognised research quality?
A: five']
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust was formed on 1 October 2007 by the merger of Hammersmith Hospitals NHS Trust (Charing Cross Hospital, Hammersmith Hospital and Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital) and St Mary's NHS Trust (St. Mary's Hospital and Western Eye Hospital) with Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine. It is an academic health science centre and manages five hospitals: Charing Cross Hospital, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Hammersmith Hospital, St Mary's Hospital, and Western Eye Hospital. The Trust is currently the largest in the UK and has an annual turnover of £800 million, treating more than a million patients a year.[citation needed]

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was formed on the 1st October 2007?
A: Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust', '
Q: How many hospitals does it manage?
A: five', '
Q: What is it considered to be?
A: an academic health science centre', '
Q: What is the annual turnover for the trust?
A: £800 million', '
Q: How many patients a year does the trust treat?
A: more than a million']
In 2003, it was reported that one third of female academics "believe that discrimination or bullying by managers has held back their careers". It was said then that "A spokesman for Imperial said the college was acting on the recommendations and had already made changes". Nevertheless, allegations of bullying have continued: in 2007, concerns were raised about the methods that were being used to fire people in the Faculty of Medicine. New President of Imperial College, Alice Gast says she sees bright lights in the horizon for female careers at Imperial College London.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What portion of females reported that they were held back by managers?
A: one third', '
Q: In which year were these allegations raised?
A: 2003', '
Q: After the 2003 incident, what was the next major year in which conerns were raised?
A: 2007', '
Q: In which faculty were the methods used to fire people being questioned?
A: Faculty of Medicine', '
Q: Who is the new President for Imperial College?
A: Alice Gast']
Imperial College Union, the students' union at Imperial College, is run by five full-time sabbatical officers elected from the student body for a tenure of one year, and a number of permanent members of staff. The Union is given a large subvention by the university, much of which is spent on maintaining around 300 clubs, projects and societies. Examples of notable student groups and projects are Project Nepal which sends Imperial College students to work on educational development programmes in rural Nepal and the El Salvador Project, a construction based project in Central America. The Union also hosts sports-related clubs such as Imperial College Boat Club and Imperial College Gliding Club.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is the official name of the student's union?
A: Imperial College Union", '
Q: How many full time officers run the union?
A: five', '
Q: How long is the tenure for an officer to run the union?
A: one year', '
Q: How many clubs, projects and societies is the union responsible for managing?
A: around 300', '
Q: What kind of programmes do students work on for Project Nepal?
A: educational development']
Imperial College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom. It was founded by Prince Albert who envisioned an area composed of the Natural History Museum, Science Museum, Victoria and Albert Museum, Royal Albert Hall and the Imperial Institute. The Imperial Institute was opened by his wife, Queen Victoria, who laid the first stone. In 1907, Imperial College London was formed by Royal Charter, and soon joined the University of London, with a focus on science and technology. The college has expanded its coursework to medicine through mergers with St Mary's Hospital. In 2004, Queen Elizabeth II opened the Imperial College Business School. Imperial became an independent university from the University of London during its one hundred year anniversary.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What kind of University is Imperial College London?
A: public research university', '
Q: Who founded the Imperial College London?
A: Prince Albert', '
Q: Who opened the Imperial Institute in 1907?
A: Queen Victoria', '
Q: Which document allowed the Imperial College London to be formed?
A: Royal Charter', '
Q: What was the focus of the Imperial College London?
A: science and technology']
William Henry Perkin studied and worked at the college under von Hofmann, but resigned his position after discovering the first synthetic dye, mauveine, in 1856. Perkin's discovery was prompted by his work with von Hofmann on the substance aniline, derived from coal tar, and it was this breakthrough which sparked the synthetic dye industry, a boom which some historians have labelled the second chemical revolution. His contribution led to the creation of the Perkin Medal, an award given annually by the Society of Chemical Industry to a scientist residing in the United States for an "innovation in applied chemistry resulting in outstanding commercial development". It is considered the highest honour given in the industrial chemical industry.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who discovered the first synthetic dye?
A: William Henry Perkin', '
Q: What did the scientist who discovered the dye do after discovering it?
A: resigned his position', '
Q: What is the name of the first synthetic dye discovered?
A: mauveine', '
Q: The discovery of the synthetic dye is claimed by some histories to have sparked what event?
A: second chemical revolution', '
Q: Which award is named after the discoverer of the dye?
A: Perkin Medal']
Imperial acquired Silwood Park in 1947, to provide a site for research and teaching in those aspects of biology not well suited for the main London campus. Felix, Imperial's student newspaper, was launched on 9 December 1949. On 29 January 1950, the government announced that it was intended that Imperial should expand to meet the scientific and technological challenges of the 20th century and a major expansion of the College followed over the next decade. In 1959 the Wolfson Foundation donated £350,000 for the establishment of a new Biochemistry Department.[citation needed] A special relationship between Imperial and the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi was established in 1963.[citation needed]

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What site did Imperial acquire in 1947?
A: Silwood Park', "
Q: What was the name of Imperial's student newspaper?
A: Felix", '
Q: How much money was donated for a new Biochemistry Department?
A: £350,000', '
Q: Who donated the large sum of money to help aid the establishement of the Biochemistry Department?
A: Wolfson Foundation', '
Q: Imperial formed a relationship with which other entity in 1963?
A: Indian Institute of Technology Delhi']
Gymnasts sprint down a runway, which is a maximum of 25 meters in length, before hurdling onto a spring board. The gymnast is allowed to choose where they start on the runway. The body position is maintained while "punching" (blocking using only a shoulder movement) the vaulting platform. The gymnast then rotates to a standing position. In advanced gymnastics, multiple twists and somersaults may be added before landing. Successful vaults depend on the speed of the run, the length of the hurdle, the power the gymnast generates from the legs and shoulder girdle, the kinesthetic awareness in the air, and the speed of rotation in the case of more difficult and complex vaults.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the maximum length of the runway gymnasts sprint down before hurdling onto a spring board?
A: 25 meters', '
Q: What is blocking using only a shoulder movement called?
A: punching', '
Q: What is one thing a successful vault depends on?
A: the length of the hurdle', '
Q: What may be added to a vault before landing in advanced gymnastics?
A: multiple twists and somersaults', '
Q: What is the maximum length of a runway?
A: 25 meters', '
Q: Who gets to chose where a gymnast starts to run on the runway?
A: The gymnast', '
Q: What position is the gymnast when in the air?
A: a standing position', '
Q: What are later added to the landing by advanced gymnasts?
A: multiple twists and somersaults', '
Q: What do successful vaults depend on other than speed of the run?
A: the length of the hurdle, the power the gymnast generates from the legs and shoulder girdle, the kinesthetic awareness in the air, and the speed of rotation']
According to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics. This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope—on a floor area, with a much greater emphasis on the aesthetic rather than the acrobatic. There are also group routines consisting of 5 gymnasts and 5 apparatuses of their choice. Rhythmic routines are scored out of a possible 30 points; the score for artistry (choreography and music) is averaged with the score for difficulty of the moves and then added to the score for execution.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics according to what rules?
A: FIG', '
Q: What combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation?
A: rhythmic gymnastics', '
Q: What 5 items are used in rhythmic gymnastic routines?
A: ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope', '
Q: Rhythmic gymnastics places greater emphaises on aesthetics rather than what?
A: the acrobatic', '
Q: What is the maximum number of points possible for a rhythmic gymnastic routine?
A: 30', '
Q: What rules state that only women can compete in rhythmic gymastics?
A: FIG', '
Q: What does rhythmic gymastics combine together?
A: ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation', '
Q: What five seperate apparatuses are used in the five separate routines?
A: ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope', '
Q: Which is more focused on, aesthetics or acrobatics?
A: aesthetic', '
Q: How many possible points are there for rhythmic routines?
A: 30 points']
Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish "naisvoimistelu". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are used on the floor area. The sport requires physical qualities such as flexibility, balance, speed, strength, coordination and sense of rhythm where movements of the body are emphasized through the flow, expression and aesthetic appeal. A good performance is characterized by uniformity and simultaneity. The competition program consists of versatile and varied body movements, such as body waves, swings, balances, pivots, jumps and leaps, dance steps, and lifts. The International Federation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (IFAGG) was established in 2003.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What does AGG stand for?
A: Aesthetic Group Gymnastics', "
Q: Why is AGG different than Rhythmic Gymnastics? 
A: body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger'", '
Q: Do athletes use apparatuses in the international AGG competitions?
A: do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions', '
Q: What physical qualities are needed for rhythmic gymastics? 
A: flexibility, balance, speed, strength, coordination and sense of rhythm', '
Q: What year was the Federsation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics established?
A: 2003']
This apparatus may be made of hemp or a synthetic material which retains the qualities of lightness and suppleness. Its length is in proportion to the size of the gymnast. The rope should, when held down by the feet, reach both of the gymnasts' armpits. One or two knots at each end are for keeping hold of the rope while doing the routine. At the ends (to the exclusion of all other parts of the rope) an anti-slip material, either coloured or neutral may cover a maximum of 10 cm (3.94 in). The rope must be coloured, either all or partially and may either be of a uniform diameter or be progressively thicker in the center provided that this thickening is of the same material as the rope. The fundamental requirements of a rope routine include leaps and skipping. Other elements include swings, throws, circles, rotations and figures of eight. In 2011, the FIG decided to nullify the use of rope in rhythmic gymnastic competitions.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the rope made out of that the gymnists uses in their routine?
A: hemp or a synthetic material', '
Q: How long is the rope?
A: Its length is in proportion to the size of the gymnast', '
Q: What are at the ends of the ropes to help the gymnists hold it?
A: One or two knots at each end are for keeping hold of the rope while doing the routine.', '
Q: What other requirement is there for the rope?
A: The rope must be coloured, either all or partially and may either be of a uniform diameter or be progressively thicker in the center', '
Q: When did FIG decide to nullify the use of ropes in competition?
A: 2011']
The Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first "modern" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a changing variety of exercises gathered under the rubric, gymnastics, that would seem strange to today's audiences and that included for example, synchronized team floor calisthenics, rope climbing, high jumping, running, and horizontal ladder. During the 1920s, women organized and participated in gymnastics events. The first women's Olympic competition was primitive, only involving synchronized calisthenics and track and field. These games were held in 1928, in Amsterdam.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where was the FIG founded?
A: Liege', '
Q: What year was FIG founded?
A: 1881', '
Q: When was gymnastics included in the Olympics?
A: 1896', "
Q: When were the first women's Olympic competitions held?
A: 1928", "
Q: Where were the first women's Olympic competitions held?
A: in Amsterdam"]