romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Boston's colleges and universities have a significant effect on the regional economy. Boston attracts more than 350,000 college students from around the world, who contribute more than $4.8 billion annually to the city's economy. The area's schools are major employers and attract industries to the city and surrounding region. The city is home to a number of technology companies and is a hub for biotechnology, with the Milken Institute rating Boston as the top life sciences cluster in the country. Boston receives the highest absolute amount of annual funding from the National Institutes of Health of all cities in the United States.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many college students does Boston attract?
A: more than 350,000', '
Q: Students from around the world contribute how much a year to Bostons economy?
A: $4.8 billion', '
Q: Because of the number of tech companies, the city is a hub for what?
A: biotechnology', '
Q: The Milken Institute rated Boston as the top what in the country?
A: life sciences cluster', '
Q: Of all cities in the US, Boston received the highest amount of funding from where?
A: the National Institutes of Health']
The city is considered highly innovative for a variety of reasons, including the presence of academia, access to venture capital, and the presence of many high-tech companies. The Route 128 corridor and Greater Boston continue to be a major center for venture capital investment, and high technology remains an important sector.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: The city is innovative becaus eit has access to what type of capital?
A: venture capital', '
Q: There is a  high presence of what type of company in the city?
A: high-tech companies', '
Q: Route 128 and Greater Boston are centers for what type of investment?
A: venture capital investment', '
Q: What remains an important sector?
A: high technology']
Tourism also composes a large part of Boston's economy, with 21.2 million domestic and international visitors spending $8.3 billion in 2011; excluding visitors from Canada and Mexico, over 1.4 million international tourists visited Boston in 2014, with those from China and the United Kingdom leading the list. Boston's status as a state capital as well as the regional home of federal agencies has rendered law and government to be another major component of the city's economy. The city is a major seaport along the United States' East Coast and the oldest continuously operated industrial and fishing port in the Western Hemisphere.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: A large part of Boston's economy is made up of what?
A: Tourism", '
Q: How many tourists visited Boston in 2011?
A: 21.2 million', '
Q: How much did tourists spend in Boston in 2011?
A: $8.3 billion', '
Q: What year did the number of Tourists from china and the UK top the list?
A: 2014']
Other important industries are financial services, especially mutual funds and insurance. Boston-based Fidelity Investments helped popularize the mutual fund in the 1980s and has made Boston one of the top financial cities in the United States. The city is home to the headquarters of Santander Bank, and Boston is a center for venture capital firms. State Street Corporation, which specializes in asset management and custody services, is based in the city. Boston is a printing and publishing center — Houghton Mifflin Harcourt is headquartered within the city, along with Bedford-St. Martin's Press and Beacon Press. Pearson PLC publishing units also employ several hundred people in Boston. The city is home to three major convention centers—the Hynes Convention Center in the Back Bay, and the Seaport World Trade Center and Boston Convention and Exhibition Center on the South Boston waterfront. The General Electric Corporation announced in January 2016 its decision to move the company's global headquarters to the Seaport District in Boston, from Fairfield, Connecticut, citing factors including Boston's preeminence in the realm of higher education.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Mutual funds and insurance are what type of industry?
A: financial services', "
Q: What Boston investment firm helped make mutual funds popular in the 1980's?
A: Fidelity Investments", '
Q: What helped make Boston one of the top financial cities in the US?
A: Fidelity Investments', '
Q: Boston is the center for what type of capital firms?
A: venture capital', '
Q: In 2016, GE Corporation decided to move its global headquarters to where?
A: the Seaport District in Boston']
The Boston Public Schools enrolls 57,000 students attending 145 schools, including the renowned Boston Latin Academy, John D. O'Bryant School of Math & Science, and Boston Latin School. The Boston Latin School, established 1635, is the oldest public high school in the US; Boston also operates the United States' second oldest public high school, and its oldest public elementary school. The system's students are 40% Hispanic or Latino, 35% Black or African American, 13% White, and 9% Asian. There are private, parochial, and charter schools as well, and approximately 3,300 minority students attend participating suburban schools through the Metropolitan Educational Opportunity Council.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many students are in Boston Public schools?
A: 57,000', '
Q: How many schools are in Boston?
A: 145 schools', '
Q: What is the oldest public high school in the US?
A: The Boston Latin School', '
Q: What percentage of Bostons public students are African American?
A: 35%']
Some of the most renowned and highly ranked universities in the world are located in the Boston area. Four members of the Association of American Universities are in Greater Boston (more than any other metropolitan area): Harvard University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston University, and Brandeis University. Hospitals, universities, and research institutions in Greater Boston received more than $1.77 billion in National Institutes of Health grants in 2013, more money than any other American metropolitan area. Greater Boston has more than 100 colleges and universities, with 250,000 students enrolled in Boston and Cambridge alone. Its largest private universities include Boston University (the city's fourth-largest employer) with its main campus along Commonwealth Avenue and a medical campus in the South End; Northeastern University in the Fenway area; Suffolk University near Beacon Hill, which includes law school and business school; and Boston College, which straddles the Boston (Brighton)–Newton border. Boston's only public university is the University of Massachusetts Boston, on Columbia Point in Dorchester. Roxbury Community College and Bunker Hill Community College are the city's two public community colleges. Altogether, Boston's colleges and universities employ over 42,600 people, accounting for nearly 7 percent of the city's workforce.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many member of the Association of American Universities are in Boston?
A: four', '
Q: How many students are enrolled in boston and Cambridge?
A: 250,000', '
Q: Who is the citys fourth largest employer?
A: Boston University']
Smaller private schools include Babson College, Bentley University, Boston Architectural College, Emmanuel College, Fisher College, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Simmons College, Wellesley College, Wheelock College, Wentworth Institute of Technology, New England School of Law (originally established as America's first all female law school), and Emerson College.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Babson College is what type of institution?
A: Smaller private schools', '
Q: What small private law school is located in Boston?
A: New England School of Law', '
Q: What was the name of Americas first all female law school?
A: New England School of Law']
Metropolitan Boston is home to several conservatories and art schools, including Lesley University College of Art and Design, Massachusetts College of Art, the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, New England Institute of Art, New England School of Art and Design (Suffolk University), Longy School of Music of Bard College, and the New England Conservatory (the oldest independent conservatory in the United States). Other conservatories include the Boston Conservatory and Berklee College of Music, which has made Boston an important city for jazz music.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Wher e is Lesley University College of Art and Desighn located?
A: Metropolitan Boston', '
Q: What is another name for New Englans school of Art and Design
A: Suffolk University', '
Q: What is the oldest independant conservatory in the US?
A: the New England Conservatory', '
Q: What college plays an important role in making Boston known for Jazz?
A: Berklee College of Music']
Several universities located outside Boston have a major presence in the city. Harvard University, the nation's oldest institute of higher education, is centered across the Charles River in Cambridge but has the majority of its land holdings and a substantial amount of its educational activities in Boston. Its business, medical, dental, and public health schools are located in Boston's Allston and Longwood neighborhoods. Harvard has plans for additional expansion into Allston. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), which originated in Boston and was long known as "Boston Tech", moved across the river to Cambridge in 1916. Tufts University, whose main campus is north of the city in Somerville and Medford, locates its medical and dental school in Boston's Chinatown at Tufts Medical Center, a 451-bed academic medical institution that is home to both a full-service hospital for adults and the Floating Hospital for Children.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What Univesity located outside of Boston still holds a large presence in the city?
A: Harvard University', '
Q: What is the nations oldest college?
A: Harvard University', '
Q: Where does Harvard plan to expand to?
A: Allston', '
Q: What was MIT originally known as?
A: Boston Tech', '
Q: In 1916, MIT moved across the river to what city?
A: Cambridge']
Like many major American cities, Boston has seen a great reduction in violent crime since the early 1990s. Boston's low crime rate since the 1990s has been credited to the Boston Police Department's collaboration with neighborhood groups and church parishes to prevent youths from joining gangs, as well as involvement from the United States Attorney and District Attorney's offices. This helped lead in part to what has been touted as the "Boston Miracle". Murders in the city dropped from 152 in 1990 (for a murder rate of 26.5 per 100,000 people) to just 31—not one of them a juvenile—in 1999 (for a murder rate of 5.26 per 100,000).

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Since the early 1990's, Boston has had less of what type of crime?
A: violent crime", '
Q: Boston police and local groups make an effort toprevent youth from doing what?
A: joining gangs', '
Q: The Boston Miracle is the name for the reduction in what crime from 1990 to 1999?
A: Murders', '
Q: What was the murder rate in Boston in 1990?
A: 26.5 per 100,000']
In 2008, there were 62 reported homicides. Through December 20 each of 2014 and 2015, the Boston Police Department reported 52 and 39 homicides, respectively.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many reported murders were there in 2008?
A: 62', '
Q: How many murders were there in 2014?
A: 52', '
Q: How many murders were there in Boston in 2015?
A: 39']
Boston shares many cultural roots with greater New England, including a dialect of the non-rhotic Eastern New England accent known as Boston English, and a regional cuisine with a large emphasis on seafood, salt, and dairy products. Irish Americans are a major influence on Boston's politics and religious institutions. Boston also has its own collection of neologisms known as Boston slang.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Boston is culturally similar to what area?
A: greater New England', '
Q: What is the Boston accent known as?
A: Boston English', "
Q: Who influences Boston's politics and religion?
A: Irish Americans", '
Q: What are Bostons neologisms more commonly known as?
A: Boston slang', '
Q: Food with an emphasis on seafood, salt, and dairy is an exaple of what?
A: regional cuisine']
Boston has been called the "Athens of America" for its literary culture, earning a reputation as "the intellectual capital of the United States." In the nineteenth century, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Margaret Fuller, James Russell Lowell, and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote in Boston. Some consider the Old Corner Bookstore, where these writers met and where The Atlantic Monthly was first published, to be "cradle of American literature. In 1852, the Boston Public Library was founded as the first free library in the United States. Boston's literary culture continues today thanks to the city's many universities and the Boston Book Festival.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Known for its literary culture, Boston has also been called what?
A: Athens of America', '
Q: What century did Ralph Waldo Emerson write in?
A: the nineteenth century', '
Q: What was the name of the bookstore the authors met in?
A: Old Corner Bookstore', '
Q: Where was the Atlantic Monthly first published?
A: the Old Corner Bookstore', '
Q: What year was the Boston Public Library founded?
A: 1852']
Music is cherished in Boston. The Boston Symphony Orchestra is one of the "Big Five," a group of the greatest American orchestras, and the classical music magazine Gramophone called it one of the "world's best" orchestras. Symphony Hall (located west of Back Bay) is home to the Boston Symphony Orchestra, (and the related Boston Youth Symphony Orchestra, which is the largest youth orchestra in the nation) and the Boston Pops Orchestra. The British newspaper The Guardian called Boston Symphony Hall "one of the top venues for classical music in the world," adding that "Symphony Hall in Boston was where science became an essential part of concert hall design." Other concerts are held at the New England Conservatory's Jordan Hall. The Boston Ballet performs at the Boston Opera House. Other performing-arts organizations located in the city include the Boston Lyric Opera Company, Opera Boston, Boston Baroque (the first permanent Baroque orchestra in the US), and the Handel and Haydn Society (one of the oldest choral companies in the United States). The city is a center for contemporary classical music with a number of performing groups, several of which are associated with the city's conservatories and universities. These include the Boston Modern Orchestra Project and Boston Musica Viva. Several theaters are located in or near the Theater District south of Boston Common, including the Cutler Majestic Theatre, Citi Performing Arts Center, the Colonial Theater, and the Orpheum Theatre.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: The Boston Symphony Orchestra is a member of what?
A: Big Five', '
Q: What classical music magazine called the Boston Symphony orchestra one of the worlds best orchestras?
A: Gramophone', '
Q: What does Boston Symphony orchestra call home?
A: Symphony Hall', '
Q: Where is Symphony Hall located?
A: west of Back Bay', '
Q: Where is the theater District located?
A: south of Boston Common']
There are several major annual events such as First Night, which occurs on New Year's Eve, the Boston Early Music Festival, the annual Boston Arts Festival at Christopher Columbus Waterfront Park, and Italian summer feasts in the North End honoring Catholic saints. The city is the site of several events during the Fourth of July period. They include the week-long Harborfest festivities and a Boston Pops concert accompanied by fireworks on the banks of the Charles River.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What event occurs on New Year's Eve?
A: First Night", '
Q: Where is the annual Boston Arts festival?
A: Christopher Columbus Waterfront Park', '
Q: Where are Italian Summer feasts held?
A: the North End', '
Q: Whos is honored in the Italian Summer Feasts?
A: Catholic saints', '
Q: How long are the Harbor-Fest festivities?
A: week-long']
Because of the city's prominent role in the American Revolution, several historic sites relating to that period are preserved as part of the Boston National Historical Park. Many are found along the Freedom Trail, which is marked by a red line of bricks embedded in the ground. The city is also home to several art museums, including the Museum of Fine Arts and the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. The Institute of Contemporary Art is housed in a contemporary building designed by Diller Scofidio + Renfro in the Seaport District. The University of Massachusetts Boston campus on Columbia Point houses the John F. Kennedy Library. The Boston Athenaeum (one of the oldest independent libraries in the United States), Boston Children's Museum, Bull & Finch Pub (whose building is known from the television show Cheers), Museum of Science, and the New England Aquarium are within the city.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is preserved in the Boston national Historical Park?
A: several historic sites', '
Q: What is marked by a line of red bricks in the ground?
A: the Freedom Trail', '
Q: Where is the institute of contemporary Art located?
A: in the Seaport District', '
Q: What is one of the oldest libraries in the US?
A: The Boston Athenaeum', '
Q: Where is the New England Aquarium located?
A: within the city']
Boston has been a noted religious center from its earliest days. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston serves nearly 300 parishes and is based in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross (1875) in the South End, while the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts, with the Cathedral Church of St. Paul (1819) as its episcopal seat, serves just under 200 congregations. Unitarian Universalism has its headquarters on Beacon Hill. The Christian Scientists are headquartered in Back Bay at the Mother Church (1894). The oldest church in Boston is First Church in Boston, founded in 1630. King's Chapel, the city's first Anglican church, was founded in 1686 and converted to Unitarianism in 1785. Other churches include Christ Church (better known as Old North Church, 1723), the oldest church building in the city, Trinity Church (1733), Park Street Church (1809), Old South Church (1874), Jubilee Christian Church and Basilica and Shrine of Our Lady of Perpetual Help on Mission Hill (1878).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How long has Boston been a religious center?
A: from its earliest days', '
Q: How many Roman Catholic parishes are in Boston?
A: nearly 300', '
Q: Where is the Cathedral of the Holy Cross located?
A: the South End', '
Q: Where is the headquarters for the Christial Scientists?
A: Back Bay', "
Q: What was the city's first Anglican church?
A: King's Chapel"]
Air quality in Boston is generally very good: during the ten-year period 2004–2013, there were only 4 days in which the air was unhealthy for the general public, according to the EPA.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How is the air quality in Boston?
A: generally very good', '
Q: How many days between 2004 and 2013 was the air unhealthy?
A: 4 days', '
Q: Who determined that the air quality was unhealthy on those 4 days?
A: the EPA']
Some of the cleaner energy facilities in Boston include the Allston green district, with three ecologically compatible housing facilities. Boston is also breaking ground on multiple green affordable housing facilities to help reduce the carbon footprint of the city while simultaneously making these initiatives financially available to a greater population. Boston's climate plan is updated every three years and was most recently modified in 2013. This legislature includes the Building Energy Reporting and Disclosure Ordinance, which requires the city's larger buildings to disclose their yearly energy and water use statistics and partake in an energy assessment every five years. These statistics are made public by the city, thereby increasing incentives for buildings to be more environmentally conscious.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Allston Green District is an example of what?
A: cleaner energy facilities', '
Q: How many green housing facilities does the Allston green District contain?
A: three', "
Q: How often is Boston's climate plan updated?
A: every three years", '
Q: When was the last time the climate plan was modified?
A: in 2013']
Another initiative, presented by the late Mayor Thomas Menino, is the Renew Boston Whole Building Incentive, which reduces the cost of living in buildings that are deemed energy efficient. This, much like the green housing developments, gives people of low socioeconomic status an opportunity to find housing in communities that support the environment. The ultimate goal of this initiative is to enlist 500 Bostonians to participate in a free, in-home energy assessment.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Whos is the late Mayor of Boston?
A: Thomas Menino', '
Q: Who came up with the Renew Boston Whole Building Incentive?
A: Mayor Thomas Menino', '
Q: The incentive reduced the cost of what in buildings?
A: cost of living', '
Q: The goal is to get how  many residents to sign up?
A: 500', '
Q: How much does the program cost?
A: free']
Many older buildings in certain areas of Boston are supported by wooden piles driven into the area's fill; these piles remain sound if submerged in water, but are subject to dry rot if exposed to air for long periods. Groundwater levels have been dropping, to varying degrees, in many areas of the city, due in part to an increase in the amount of rainwater discharged directly into sewers rather than absorbed by the ground. A city agency, the Boston Groundwater Trust, coordinates monitoring of groundwater levels throughout the city via a network of public and private monitoring wells. However, Boston's drinking water supply, from the Quabbin and Wachusett Reservoirs to the west, is one of the very few in the country so pure as to satisfy federal water quality standards without filtration.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Lots of older buildings are supported by what?
A: wooden piles', '
Q: The piles begin to rot if exposed to what?
A: air', '
Q: What has been happening to groundwater levels?
A: dropping', '
Q: Where does the groundwater go instead of into the ground?
A: directly into sewers']
Boston has teams in the four major North American professional sports leagues plus Major League Soccer, and has won 36 championships in these leagues, As of 2014[update]. It is one of six cities (along with Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, New York and Philadelphia) to have won championships in all four major sports. It has been suggested that Boston is the new "TitleTown, USA", as the city's professional sports teams have won nine championships since 2001: Patriots (2001, 2003, 2004, and 2014), Red Sox (2004, 2007, and 2013), Celtics (2008), and Bruins (2011). This love of sports has made Boston the United States Olympic Committee's choice to bid to hold the 2024 Summer Olympic Games, but the city cited financial concerns when it withdrew its bid on July 27, 2015.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many major North American sports leagues are there?
A: four', '
Q: How many championships has Boston won in these leagues?
A: 36 championships', '
Q: How many championships have the sports leagues won since 2001?
A: nine', '
Q: Why did the city turn down the chance to host the 2024 Olympic games?
A: financial concerns', '
Q: When did Boston withdraw its bid for hosting the Olympic games?
A: July 27, 2015']