romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
The Korean War was a conflict between the United States and its United Nations allies and the communist powers under influence of the Soviet Union (also a UN member nation) and the People's Republic of China (which later also gained UN membership). The principal combatants were North and South Korea. Principal allies of South Korea included the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, although many other nations sent troops under the aegis of the United Nations. Allies of North Korea included the People's Republic of China, which supplied military forces, and the Soviet Union, which supplied combat advisors and aircraft pilots, as well as arms, for the Chinese and North Korean troops.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What country supplied troops to North Korea during the Korean War?
A: the People's Republic of China", '
Q: What country supplied advisors, pilots, and war materiel to North Korea?
A: the Soviet Union', '
Q: What country was the principal ally of South Korea during the war?
A: the United States', '
Q: What organization did all combatants on both sides of the war belong to?
A: United Nations', '
Q: Which two countries were the primary fighters for territory in the Korean War?
A: North and South Korea']
The war started badly for the US and UN. North Korean forces struck massively in the summer of 1950 and nearly drove the outnumbered US and ROK defenders into the sea. However the United Nations intervened, naming Douglas MacArthur commander of its forces, and UN-US-ROK forces held a perimeter around Pusan, gaining time for reinforcement. MacArthur, in a bold but risky move, ordered an amphibious invasion well behind the front lines at Inchon, cutting off and routing the North Koreans and quickly crossing the 38th Parallel into North Korea. As UN forces continued to advance toward the Yalu River on the border with Communist China, the Chinese crossed the Yalu River in October and launched a series of surprise attacks that sent the UN forces reeling back across the 38th Parallel. Truman originally wanted a Rollback strategy to unify Korea; after the Chinese successes he settled for a Containment policy to split the country. MacArthur argued for rollback but was fired by President Harry Truman after disputes over the conduct of the war. Peace negotiations dragged on for two years until President Dwight D. Eisenhower threatened China with nuclear weapons; an armistice was quickly reached with the two Koreas remaining divided at the 38th parallel. North and South Korea are still today in a state of war, having never signed a peace treaty, and American forces remain stationed in South Korea as part of American foreign policy.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did North Korean forces initiate attacks on US and UN forces in the Korean war?
A: 1950', '
Q: What South Korean city did the US and ROK forces defend while building reinforcements?
A: Pusan', '
Q: What type of attack was used on Inchon?
A: amphibious invasion', '
Q: Chinese troops attacked the UN forces when they crossed what river? 
A: the Yalu River', "
Q: What general was fired for defying President Truman's containment strategy?
A: Douglas MacArthur"]
Fighting on one side was a coalition of forces including the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam or the "RVN"), the United States, supplemented by South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. The allies fought against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) as well as the National Liberation Front (NLF, also known as Viet communists Viet Cong), or "VC", a guerrilla force within South Vietnam. The NVA received substantial military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and China, turning Vietnam into a proxy war.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What acronym was given to South Vietnamese troops?
A: RVN', '
Q: What acronym was given to North Vietnamese army regulars?
A: NVA', '
Q: By what name were fighters of the National Liberation Front known?
A: Viet Cong', '
Q: The VC operated in what geographic area?
A: South Vietnam', '
Q: The NVA was aided by military and financial aid from what two countries?
A: Soviet Union and China']
The military history of the American side of the war involved different strategies over the years. The bombing campaigns of the Air Force were tightly controlled by the White House for political reasons, and until 1972 avoided the main Northern cities of Hanoi and Haiphong and concentrated on bombing jungle supply trails, especially the Ho Chi Minh Trail. The most controversial Army commander was William Westmoreland whose strategy involved systematic defeat of all enemy forces in the field, despite heavy American casualties that alienated public opinion back home.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What two northern Vietnamese cities did the US avoid bombing at the outset of the war?
A: Hanoi and Haiphong', '
Q: What was the major supply trail for the Northern Vietnamese forces?
A: the Ho Chi Minh Trail', "
Q: What US commander's strategy caused a loss of public opinion in the US?
A: William Westmoreland", '
Q: Who helped orchestrate bombing campaigns in the Vietnam War?
A: the White House', '
Q: When did the US start bombing Hanoi?
A: 1972']
In 1983 fighting between Palestinian refugees and Lebanese factions reignited that nation's long-running civil war. A UN agreement brought an international force of peacekeepers to occupy Beirut and guarantee security. US Marines landed in August 1982 along with Italian and French forces. On October 23, 1983, a suicide bomber driving a truck filled with 6 tons of TNT crashed through a fence and destroyed the Marine barracks, killing 241 Marines; seconds later, a second bomber leveled a French barracks, killing 58. Subsequently the US Navy engaged in bombing of militia positions inside Lebanon. While US President Ronald Reagan was initially defiant, political pressure at home eventually forced the withdrawal of the Marines in February 1984.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did fighting between Palestinians and the Lebanese begin?
A: 1983', '
Q: When did US marines land in Lebanon?
A: 1982', '
Q: When did a suicide bomber successfully attack the marine barracks in Lebanon?
A: October 23, 1983', '
Q: How many marines were killed in the attack?
A: 241', '
Q: When did President Reagan withdraw marines from Lebanon?
A: February 1984']
However, the battle was one-sided almost from the beginning. The reasons for this are the subject of continuing study by military strategists and academics. There is general agreement that US technological superiority was a crucial factor but the speed and scale of the Iraqi collapse has also been attributed to poor strategic and tactical leadership and low morale among Iraqi troops, which resulted from a history of incompetent leadership. After devastating initial strikes against Iraqi air defenses and command and control facilities on 17 January 1991, coalition forces achieved total air superiority almost immediately. The Iraqi air force was destroyed within a few days, with some planes fleeing to Iran, where they were interned for the duration of the conflict. The overwhelming technological advantages of the US, such as stealth aircraft and infrared sights, quickly turned the air war into a "turkey shoot". The heat signature of any tank which started its engine made an easy target. Air defense radars were quickly destroyed by radar-seeking missiles fired from wild weasel aircraft. Grainy video clips, shot from the nose cameras of missiles as they aimed at impossibly small targets, were a staple of US news coverage and revealed to the world a new kind of war, compared by some to a video game. Over 6 weeks of relentless pounding by planes and helicopters, the Iraqi army was almost completely beaten but did not retreat, under orders from Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, and by the time the ground forces invaded on 24 February, many Iraqi troops quickly surrendered to forces much smaller than their own; in one instance, Iraqi forces attempted to surrender to a television camera crew that was advancing with coalition forces.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the main reason the US-led coalition won a decisive victory in the Persian Gulf War?
A: US technological superiority', '
Q: US airstrikes on Iraqi air defenses and command and control facilities began when?
A: on 17 January 1991', '
Q: What faults in the Iraqi forces led to their rapid defeat?
A: poor strategic and tactical leadership and low morale', '
Q: Who ordered Iraqi forces to hold their ground despite air bombardments?
A: Iraqi President Saddam Hussein', '
Q: When did US ground forces attack Iraqi positions?
A: 24 February']
After just 100 hours of ground combat, and with all of Kuwait and much of southern Iraq under coalition control, US President George H. W. Bush ordered a cease-fire and negotiations began resulting in an agreement for cessation of hostilities. Some US politicians were disappointed by this move, believing Bush should have pressed on to Baghdad and removed Hussein from power; there is little doubt that coalition forces could have accomplished this if they had desired. Still, the political ramifications of removing Hussein would have broadened the scope of the conflict greatly, and many coalition nations refused to participate in such an action, believing it would create a power vacuum and destabilize the region.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How long did ground combat operations last in the Persian Gulf War?
A: 100 hours', '
Q: Who ordered the cease-fire that effectively ended hostilities?
A: US President George H. W. Bush', '
Q: What did some US Politicians think Coalition forces should have been allowed to have done?
A: pressed on to Baghdad and removed Hussein from power', '
Q: Coalition nations did what with regards to invading Northern Iraq to precipitate the cease fire?
A: refused to participate', '
Q: Why did Coalition nations fear the removal of Hussein from power?
A: it would create a power vacuum and destabilize the region']
The War on Terrorism is a global effort by the governments of several countries (primarily the United States and its principal allies) to neutralize international terrorist groups (primarily Islamic Extremist terrorist groups, including al-Qaeda) and ensure that countries considered by the US and some of its allies to be Rogue Nations no longer support terrorist activities. It has been adopted primarily as a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States. Since 2001, terrorist motivated attacks upon service members have occurred in Arkansas and Texas.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What term is given to the attempt by the US and her allies to fight global terrorist groups?
A: The War on Terrorism', '
Q: What religious groups are primarily targeted by this war?
A: Islamic Extremist', '
Q: What is one prominent, specific terrorist group targeted by the War on Terrorism?
A: al-Qaeda', '
Q: The War On Terrorism was caused by what event?
A: the September 11, 2001 attacks', '
Q: Since the start of the war on Terrorism, attacks on US service members have occurred in which two US states?
A: Arkansas and Texas']
After the lengthy Iraq disarmament crisis culminated with an American demand that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein leave Iraq, which was refused, a coalition led by the United States and the United Kingdom fought the Iraqi army in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Approximately 250,000 United States troops, with support from 45,000 British, 2,000 Australian and 200 Polish combat forces, entered Iraq primarily through their staging area in Kuwait. (Turkey had refused to permit its territory to be used for an invasion from the north.) Coalition forces also supported Iraqi Kurdish militia, estimated to number upwards of 50,000. After approximately three weeks of fighting, Hussein and the Ba'ath Party were forcibly removed, followed by 9 years of military presence by the United States and the coalition fighting alongside the newly elected Iraqi government against various insurgent groups.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What demand did the US make before invading Iraq in 2003?
A: that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein leave Iraq', '
Q: How many US troops participated in the invasion?
A: 250,000', '
Q: What country refused to allow forces to stage within it?
A: Turkey', '
Q: How long did the first phase of fighting last?
A: approximately three weeks', '
Q: How long did the US and its coalition partners have to occupy Iraq?
A: 9 years']
As a result of the Libyan Civil War, the United Nations enacted United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, which imposed a no-fly zone over Libya, and the protection of civilians from the forces of Muammar Gaddafi. The United States, along with Britain, France and several other nations, committed a coalition force against Gaddafi's forces. On 19 March, the first U.S. action was taken when 114 Tomahawk missiles launched by US and UK warships destroyed shoreline air defenses of the Gaddafi regime. The U.S. continued to play a major role in Operation Unified Protector, the NATO-directed mission that eventually incorporated all of the military coalition's actions in the theater. Throughout the conflict however, the U.S. maintained it was playing a supporting role only and was following the UN mandate to protect civilians, while the real conflict was between Gaddafi's loyalists and Libyan rebels fighting to depose him. During the conflict, American drones were also deployed.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What declaration established a no-fly zone over Libya?
A: United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973', '
Q: What is the name of the Libyan leader opposed by US and UN forces?
A: Muammar Gaddafi', '
Q: What was the name of the military action against Libya?
A: Operation Unified Protector', '
Q: What was the goal of this operation?
A: to protect civilians', "
Q: The Libyan conflict was primarily fought between which groups?
A: Gaddafi's loyalists and Libyan rebels fighting to depose him"]
General George Washington (1732–99) proved an excellent organizer and administrator, who worked successfully with Congress and the state governors, selecting and mentoring his senior officers, supporting and training his troops, and maintaining an idealistic Republican Army. His biggest challenge was logistics, since neither Congress nor the states had the funding to provide adequately for the equipment, munitions, clothing, paychecks, or even the food supply of the soldiers. As a battlefield tactician Washington was often outmaneuvered by his British counterparts. As a strategist, however, he had a better idea of how to win the war than they did. The British sent four invasion armies. Washington's strategy forced the first army out of Boston in 1776, and was responsible for the surrender of the second and third armies at Saratoga (1777) and Yorktown (1781). He limited the British control to New York and a few places while keeping Patriot control of the great majority of the population. The Loyalists, on whom the British had relied too heavily, comprised about 20% of the population but never were well organized. As the war ended, Washington watched proudly as the final British army quietly sailed out of New York City in November 1783, taking the Loyalist leadership with them. Washington astonished the world when, instead of seizing power, he retired quietly to his farm in Virginia.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the biggest problem General Washington faced?
A: logistics', '
Q: Where were the two major surrenders of British forces in the war?
A: Saratoga (1777) and Yorktown (1781)', '
Q: What percentage of the Colonial population were loyal to the Crown?
A: 20%', '
Q: What did Washington do after defeating the British Army?
A: he retired quietly to his farm in Virginia.', '
Q: What advantage did Washington have over the British generals?
A: he had a better idea of how to win the war than they did']
The Berbers along the Barbary Coast (modern day Libya) sent pirates to capture merchant ships and hold the crews for ransom. The U.S. paid protection money until 1801, when President Thomas Jefferson refused to pay and sent in the Navy to challenge the Barbary States, the First Barbary War followed. After the U.S.S. Philadelphia was captured in 1803, Lieutenant Stephen Decatur led a raid which successfully burned the captured ship, preventing Tripoli from using or selling it. In 1805, after William Eaton captured the city of Derna, Tripoli agreed to a peace treaty. The other Barbary states continued to raid U.S. shipping, until the Second Barbary War in 1815 ended the practice.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where was the Barbary Coast?
A: modern day Libya', '
Q: Who sent pirates to capture merchant ships?
A: The Berbers', '
Q: How did the United States initially deal with this problem?
A: The U.S. paid protection money until 1801', '
Q: What American naval officer led a raid that destroyed a captured American ship?
A: Stephen Decatur', '
Q: What city did William Eaton capture to end the first Barbary War?
A: Derna']
The American Civil War caught both sides unprepared. The Confederacy hoped to win by getting Britain and France to intervene, or else by wearing down the North's willingness to fight. The U.S. sought a quick victory focused on capturing the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia. The Confederates under Robert E. Lee tenaciously defended their capital until the very end. The war spilled across the continent, and even to the high seas. Most of the material and personnel of the South were used up, while the North prospered.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the Confederate overall strategy to win the Civil War?
A: getting Britain and France to intervene', "
Q: What was the Union's original war aim?
A: capturing the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia", '
Q: Who led the Confederate forces defending Richmond throughout the war?
A: Robert E. Lee', '
Q: How did the war effect both sides?
A: the material and personnel of the South were used up, while the North prospered']
The Navy was modernized in the 1880s, and by the 1890s had adopted the naval power strategy of Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan—as indeed did every major navy. The old sailing ships were replaced by modern steel battleships, bringing them in line with the navies of Britain and Germany. In 1907, most of the Navy's battleships, with several support vessels, dubbed the Great White Fleet, were featured in a 14-month circumnavigation of the world. Ordered by President Theodore Roosevelt, it was a mission designed to demonstrate the Navy's capability to extend to the global theater.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When in the 19th century was the US navy modernized?
A: the 1880s', '
Q: What replaced the older sailing ships in the navy?
A: modern steel battleships', '
Q: By what name was the US fleet known at the start of the 20th Century?
A: the Great White Fleet', '
Q: Who ordered this fleet to sail around the world?
A: President Theodore Roosevelt', "
Q: What was the purpose of this order?
A: to demonstrate the Navy's capability to extend to the global theater"]
The Mexican Revolution involved a civil war with hundreds of thousands of deaths and large numbers fleeing combat zones. Tens of thousands fled to the U.S. President Wilson sent U.S. forces to occupy the Mexican city of Veracruz for six months in 1914. It was designed to show the U.S. was keenly interested in the civil war and would not tolerate attacks on Americans, especially the April 9, 1914, "Tampico Affair", which involved the arrest of American sailors by soldiers of the regime of Mexican President Victoriano Huerta. In early 1916 Pancho Villa a Mexican general ordered 500 soldiers on a murderous raid on the American city of Columbus New Mexico, with the goal of robbing banks to fund his army. The German Secret Service encouraged Pancho Villa in his attacks to involve the United States in an intervention in Mexico which would distract the United States from its growing involvement in the war and divert aid from Europe to support the intervention. Wilson called up the state militias (National Guard) and sent them and the U.S. Army under General John J. Pershing to punish Villa in the Pancho Villa Expedition. Villa fled, with the Americans in pursuit deep into Mexico, thereby arousing Mexican nationalism. By early 1917 President Venustiano Carranza had contained Villa and secured the border, so Wilson ordered Pershing to withdraw.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What early 20th century conflict sent tens of thousands of refugees to the US?
A: The Mexican Revolution', '
Q: US forces were sent to occupy what Mexican City during the Revolution?
A: Veracruz', '
Q: What was the name of the Mexican general who attacked an American city in New Mexico?
A: Pancho Villa', "
Q: What foreign organization encouraged Villa's guerilla war against the US?
A: The German Secret Service", '
Q: What US General led troops against Villa?
A: General John J. Pershing']
After the costly U.S. involvement in World War I, isolationism grew within the nation. Congress refused membership in the League of Nations, and in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia, the gradually more restrictive Neutrality Acts were passed, which were intended to prevent the U.S. from supporting either side in a war. President Franklin D. Roosevelt sought to support Britain, however, and in 1940 signed the Lend-Lease Act, which permitted an expansion of the "cash and carry" arms trade to develop with Britain, which controlled the Atlantic sea lanes.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What general sentiment was the result of losses in World War I?
A: isolationism', '
Q: Congress refused to allow the US to join what organization?
A: the League of Nations', '
Q: What legislation was passed to discourage the country from getting involved in a foreign war?
A: Neutrality Acts', '
Q: Which US President sought to circumvent Neutrality acts to aid Britain?
A: Franklin D. Roosevelt', '
Q: What was the name of the 1940 program to send arms to Britain?
A: the Lend-Lease Act']
World War II holds a special place in the American psyche as the country's greatest triumph, and the U.S. military personnel of World War II are frequently referred to as "the Greatest Generation." Over 16 million served (about 11% of the population), and over 400,000 died during the war. The U.S. emerged as one of the two undisputed superpowers along with the Soviet Union, and unlike the Soviet Union, the U.S. homeland was virtually untouched by the ravages of war. During and following World War II, the United States and Britain developed an increasingly strong defense and intelligence relationship. Manifestations of this include extensive basing of U.S. forces in the UK, shared intelligence, shared military technology (e.g. nuclear technology), and shared procurement.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many Americans served in the military in World War II?
A: Over 16 million', '
Q: How many American service personnel died in World War II?
A: 400,000', '
Q: What other country besides the United States became a super power after World War II?
A: the Soviet Union', '
Q: What name is given to those Americans who served in World War II?
A: the Greatest Generation', '
Q: Both during and after the conclusion of  World War II, the United States formed a firm alliance with what country?
A: Britain']