romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Malaysia-based Yazhou Zhoukan conducted an interview with former researcher at the China Seismological Bureau Geng Qingguo (耿庆国), in which Geng claimed that a confidential written report was sent to the State Seismological Bureau on April 30, 2008, warning about the possible occurrence of a significant earthquake in Ngawa Prefecture region of Sichuan around May 8, with a range of 10 days before or after the quake. Geng, while acknowledging that earthquake prediction was broadly considered problematic by the scientific community, believed that "the bigger the earthquake, the easier it is to predict." Geng had long attempted to establish a correlation between the occurrence of droughts and earthquakes; Premier Zhou Enlai reportedly took an interest in Geng's work. Geng's drought-earthquake correlation theory was first released in 1972, and said to have successfully predicted the 1975 Haicheng and 1976 Tangshan earthquakes. The same Yazhou Zhoukan article pointed out the inherent difficulties associated with predicting earthquakes. In response, an official with the Seismological Bureau stated that "earthquake prediction is widely acknowledged around the world to be difficult from a scientific standpoint." The official also denied that the Seismological Bureau had received reports predicting the earthquake.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was the confidential written report sent to the State Seismological Bureau?
A: April 30, 2008', "
Q: When was Geng's drought-earthquake correlation theory released?
A: 1972", '
Q: What did researcher Geng Qingguo say was sent to the State Seismological Bureau?
A: written report', '
Q: What did this report warn about?
A: significant earthquake in Ngawa Prefecture', '
Q: What was the predicted time of the quake?
A: around May 8', '
Q: What did Geng long try to establish as a relationship with earthquakes?
A: droughts', '
Q: What did an official with the Seismological Bureau deny receiving?
A: reports predicting the earthquake']
In a United States Geological Survey (USGS) study, preliminary rupture models of the earthquake indicated displacement of up to 9 meters along a fault approximately 240 km long by 20 km deep. The earthquake generated deformations of the surface greater than 3 meters and increased the stress (and probability of occurrence of future events) at the northeastern and southwestern ends of the fault. On May 20, USGS seismologist Tom Parsons warned that there is "high risk" of a major M>7 aftershock over the next weeks or months.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How large was the displacement?
A: up to 9 meters', '
Q: Who warned of possible seismic activity in the area beforehand?
A: Tom Parsons', '
Q: What did the United States Geological Survey show as the amount of displacement?
A: 9 meters', '
Q: How long was the fault where the quake occurred?
A: 240 km long', '
Q: How deep is the fault?
A: 20 km deep', '
Q: Where on the fault is the possibility of future earthquakes increased?
A: northeastern and southwestern ends', '
Q: What did Tom Parsons consider as the risk factor for strong future quakes?
A: high risk']
Japanese seismologist Yuji Yagi at the University of Tsukuba said that the earthquake occurred in two stages: "The 155-mile Longmenshan Fault tore in two sections, the first one ripping about seven yards, followed by a second one that sheared four yards." His data also showed that the earthquake lasted about two minutes and released 30 times the energy of the Great Hanshin earthquake of 1995 in Japan, which killed over 6,000 people. He pointed out that the shallowness of the epicenter and the density of population greatly increased the severity of the earthquake. Teruyuki Kato, a seismologist at the University of Tokyo, said that the seismic waves of the quake traveled a long distance without losing their power because of the firmness of the terrain in central China. According to reports from Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province, the earthquake tremors lasted for "about two or three minutes".

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many people were killed in the Hanshin earthquake?
A: 6,000 people', '
Q: How did Yuji Yagi say the quake happened?
A: in two stages', '
Q: What fault tore in two places?
A: Longmenshan Fault', '
Q: Besides the population density, what else contributed to the severity of the quake?
A: shallowness of the epicenter', '
Q: How much greater was the energy of this quake than that released in the earthquake of 1995 in Japan?
A: 30 times', '
Q: Why did the seismic waves travel so far?
A: firmness of the terrain']
Between 64 and 104 major aftershocks, ranging in magnitude from 4.0 to 6.1, were recorded within 72 hours of the main quake. According to Chinese official counts, "by 12:00 CST, November 6, 2008 there had been 42,719 total aftershocks, of which 246 ranged from 4.0 MS to 4.9 MS, 34 from 5.0 MS to 5.9 MS, and 8 from 6.0 Ms to 6.4 MS; the strongest aftershock measured 6.4 MS." The latest aftershock exceeding M6 occurred on August 5, 2008.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many aftershocks were there?
A: Between 64 and 104', '
Q: When were the aftershocks recorded?
A: within 72 hours of the main quake.', '
Q: When did the latest magnitude 6 aftershock occur?
A: on August 5, 2008', '
Q: How many aftershocks were there within 72 hours?
A: Between 64 and 104', '
Q: What do the Chinese say is the total number of shocks after the quake?
A: 42,719', '
Q: What did the strongest aftershock measure?
A: 6.4 MS', '
Q: How many shocks ranged from 4.0 MS to 4.9 MS?
A: 246', '
Q: At what date did the most recent aftershock above 6 MS occur?
A: August 5, 2008']
(The Ms 6.1 earthquake on August 30, 2008 in southern Sichuan was not part of this series because it was caused by a different fault. See 2008 Panzhihua earthquake for details.)

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did this earthquake occur?
A: August 30, 2008', '
Q: Where did this earthquake occur?
A: southern Sichuan', '
Q: Why was it not included in the series?
A: because it was caused by a different fault.', '
Q: Where should you look for more details?
A: 2008 Panzhihua earthquake', '
Q: Where was the August 30, 2008 quake?
A: southern Sichuan', '
Q: What was the magnitude of the southern Sichuan quake?
A: Ms 6.1', '
Q: What earthquake happened in southern Sichuan?
A: Panzhihua earthquake']
The map of earthquake intensity published by CEA after surveying 500,000 km2 of the affected area shows a maximum liedu of XI on the China Seismic Intensity Scale (CSIS), described as "very destructive" on the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) from which CSIS drew reference. (USGS, using the Modified Mercalli intensity scale (CC), also placed maximum intensity at XI, "very disastrous".) Two south-west-north-east stripes of liedu XI are centered around Yingxiu, Wenchuan (the town closest to the epicenter of the main quake) and Beichuan (the town repeatedly struck by strong aftershocks including one registering MS 6.1 on Aug 1, 2008), both in Sichuan Province, occupying a total of 2,419 km2. The Yingxiu liedu-XI zone is about 66 km long and 20 km wide along Wenchuan–Dujiangyan–Pengzhou; the Beichuan liedu-XI zone is about 82 km long and 15 km wide along An County–Beichuan–Pingwu. The area with liedu X (comparable to X on EMS, "destructive" and X on MM, "disastrous") spans 3,144 km2. The area affected by earthquakes exceeding liedu VI totals 440,442 km2, occupying an oval 936 km long and 596 km wide, spanning three provinces and one autonomous region.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who published the map of the earthquakes intensity?
A: CEA', '
Q: What was the intensity scaled at?
A: XI', '
Q: What does the China Seismic Intensity Scale call the earthquake?
A: very destructive', '
Q: How did the USGS rate the earthquake?
A: very disastrous', '
Q: What town was closest to the main epicenter?
A: Yingxiu, Wenchuan']
The Longmen Shan Fault System is situated in the eastern border of the Tibetan Plateau and contains several faults. This earthquake ruptured at least two imbricate structures in Longmen Shan Fault System, i.e. the Beichuan Fault and the Guanxian–Anxian Fault. In the epicentral area, the average slip in Beichuan Fault was about 3.5 metres (11 ft) vertical, 3.5 metres (11 ft) horizontal-parallel to the fault, and 4.8 metres (16 ft) horizontal-perpendicular to the fault. In the area about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of the epicenter, the surface slip on Beichuan Fault was almost purely dextral strike-slip up to about 3 metres (9.8 ft), while the average slip in Guanxian–Anxian Fault was about 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) vertical and 2.3 metres (7 ft 7 in) horizontal.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where is the Longmenshan Fault located?
A: the eastern border of the Tibetan Plateau', '
Q: What is the average slip in the Beichuan Fault?
A: 3.5 metres', '
Q: How large was the slip 30 km northeast of the fault?
A: 3 metres', '
Q: What was the vertical average slip on the Guanxian-Anxian fault?
A: 2 metres', '
Q: What was the horizontal average slip on the Guanxian-Anxian fault?
A: 2.3 metres', '
Q: Where is the Longmen shan fault located?
A: Tibetan Plateau', '
Q: Where are the Beichuan and Guanxian-Anxian Faults?
A: Longmen Shan Fault System', '
Q: What was the average vertical slip in the Beichaun Fault?
A: 3.5 metres', '
Q: What was the horizontal slippage in the Beichuan Fault at the epicenter?
A: 3.5 metres', '
Q: What was the horizontal slippage perpendicular to the fault?
A: 4.8 metres']
Office buildings in Shanghai's financial district, including the Jin Mao Tower and the Hong Kong New World Tower, were evacuated. A receptionist at the Tibet Hotel in Chengdu said things were "calm" after the hotel evacuated its guests. Meanwhile, workers at a Ford plant in Sichuan were evacuated for about 10 minutes. Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport was shut down, and the control tower and regional radar control evacuated. One SilkAir flight was diverted and landed in Kunming as a result. Cathay Pacific delayed both legs of its quadruple daily Hong Kong to London route due to this disruption in air traffic services. Chengdu Shuangliu Airport reopened later on the evening of May 12, offering limited service as the airport began to be used as a staging area for relief operations.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Where were office buildings evacuated?
A: Shanghai's financial district", '
Q: How did a receptionist describe the atmosphere after the evacuation?
A: calm', '
Q: How long were workers in Ford Plant evacuated for?
A: 10 minutes', '
Q: Which airport was shut down?
A: Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport', '
Q: When did the airport re-open?
A: May 12', '
Q: What happened to office buildings in Shanghai?
A: evacuated', '
Q: Which airport was shut down?
A: Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport', '
Q: Why were flights delayed and diverted?
A: disruption in air traffic services', '
Q: What were they using the airport to stage for?
A: relief operations']
Reporters in Chengdu said they saw cracks on walls of some residential buildings in the downtown areas, but no buildings collapsed. Many Beijing office towers were evacuated, including the building housing the media offices for the organizers of the 2008 Summer Olympics. None of the Olympic venues were damaged. Meanwhile, a cargo train carrying 13 petrol tanks derailed in Hui County, Gansu, and caught on fire after the rail was distorted.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where did the reporters say they saw cracks on walls of some buildings?
A: in Chengdu', '
Q: Where were office towers evacuated?
A: Beijing', '
Q: Where did a cargo train derail as a result?
A: Hui County, Gansu', '
Q: What happened to the cargo train?
A: caught on fire', '
Q: What was reported in Chengdu?
A: cracks on walls', '
Q: What was evacuated in Beijing?
A: office towers', '
Q: What part of the Olympic area was not damaged?
A: venues', '
Q: Where did a cargo train derail?
A: Hui County, Gansu', '
Q: Why did the train catch fire?
A: rail was distorted']
All of the highways into Wenchuan, and others throughout the province, were damaged, resulting in delayed arrival of the rescue troops. In Beichuan County, 80% of the buildings collapsed according to Xinhua News. In the city of Shifang, the collapse of two chemical plants led to leakage of some 80 tons of liquid ammonia, with hundreds of people reported buried. In the city of Dujiangyan, south-east of the epicenter, a whole school collapsed with 900 students buried and fewer than 60 survived. The Juyuan Middle School, where many teenagers were buried, was excavated by civilians and cranes. Dujiangyan is home of the Dujiangyan Irrigation System, an ancient water diversion project which is still in use and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The project's famous Fish Mouth was cracked but not severely damaged otherwise.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many highways leading into Wenchuan were damaged?
A: All of the highways', '
Q: What percentage of building collapsed in Beichuan?
A: 80%', '
Q: Where did two chemical plants collapse?
A: Dujiangyan', '
Q: How many students out of the 900 in the school, survived the collapse?
A: 60', '
Q: What highways into Wenchuan  were damaged?
A: All of the highways', '
Q: What did the damaged roadways cause to the rescue operations?
A: delayed arrival', '
Q: How many of the buildings in Beichuan collapsed?
A: 80%', '
Q: What leaked liquid ammonia in Shifang?
A: two chemical plants', '
Q: How many of the 900 students buried in a Dujiangyan school collapse survived?
A: fewer than 60']
Both the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspended trading of companies based in southwestern China. Copper rose over speculations that production in southwestern China may be affected, and oil prices dropped over speculations that demand from China would fall.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where were the exchanges based?
A: southwestern China', '
Q: What metal rose in value?
A: Copper', '
Q: What natural resource dropped in value?
A: oil', '
Q: What did the Shanghai Stock Exchange do?
A: suspended trading', '
Q: Where were companies located that had their stock trading suspended?
A: southwestern China', '
Q: What metal rose due to speculation?
A: Copper', '
Q: Besides the Shanghai Stock Exchange, what other exchange suspended trading of southwestern China stock?
A: Shenzhen Stock Exchange']
Immediately after the earthquake event, mobile and terrestrial telecommunications were cut to the affected and surrounding area, with all internet capabilities cut to the Sichuan area too. Elements of telecommunications were restored by the government piece by piece over the next number of months as the situation in the Sichuan province gradually improved. Eventually, a handful of major news and media websites were made accessible online in the region, albeit with dramatically pared back webpages.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What kinds of telecommunications were cut?
A: mobile and terrestrial', '
Q: What capabilities were cut to the entire Sichuan area?
A: internet', '
Q: How long did it take for these capabilities to be restored?
A: months', '
Q: What was cut after the earthquake?
A: telecommunications', '
Q: Where were the internet cut?
A: Sichuan area', '
Q: Who restored communications over a period of months?
A: the government', '
Q: What internet services were decreased in the area?
A: news and media websites', '
Q: What services were finally online again?
A: major news and media']
China Mobile had more than 2,300 base stations suspended due to power disruption or severe telecommunication traffic congestion. Half of the wireless communications were lost in the Sichuan province. China Unicom's service in Wenchuan and four nearby counties was cut off, with more than 700 towers suspended.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many base stations did China Mobile have suspended?
A: 2,300', '
Q: How many Unicom towers were suspended?
A: more than 700', '
Q: How many China Mobile base stations stopped working?
A: 2,300', '
Q: Besides power disruption, what caused telecommunications to be suspended?
A: traffic congestion', '
Q: How many wireless communications failed in Sichuan?
A: Half', '
Q: Whose service in Wenchuan was cut off?
A: China Unicom', "
Q: How many of China Unicom's towers were cut?
A: 700"]
Initially, officials were unable to contact the Wolong National Nature Reserve, home to around 280 giant pandas. However, the Foreign Ministry later said that a group of 31 British tourists visiting the Wolong Panda Reserve in the quake-hit area returned safe and uninjured to Chengdu. Nonetheless, the well-being of an even greater number of pandas in the neighbouring panda reserves remained unknown. Five security guards at the reserve were killed by the earthquake. Six pandas escaped after their enclosures were damaged. By May 20, two pandas at the reserve were found to be injured, while the search continued for another two adult pandas that went missing after the quake. By May 28, 2008, one panda was still missing. The missing panda was later found dead under the rubble of an enclosure. Nine-year-old Mao Mao, a mother of five at the breeding center, was discovered on Monday, her body crushed by a wall in her enclosure. Panda keepers and other workers placed her remains in a small wooden crate and buried her outside the breeding centre.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What place could officials not contact?
A: the Wolong National Nature Reserve', '
Q: How many pandas live at the Reserve?
A: around 280', '
Q: How many British visitors to the Reserve left unharmed?
A: 31', '
Q: How many pandas were injured?
A: 2', '
Q: What nature center was cutoff?
A: Wolong National Nature Reserve', '
Q: How many pandas escaped the reserve?
A: Six', '
Q: How many security guards died at the reserve?
A: five', '
Q: What famous panda was killed under the rubble?
A: Mao Mao']
The Zipingpu Hydropower Plant (simplified Chinese: 紫坪铺水库; traditional Chinese: 紫坪鋪水庫) located 20 km east of the epicenter was damaged. A recent inspection indicated that the damage was less severe than initially feared, and it remains structurally stable and safe. The Tulong reservoir upstream is in danger of collapse. About 2,000 troops have been allocated to Zipingpu, trying to release the pressure through spillway. In total, 391 dams, most of them small, were reported damaged by the quake.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What power plant was damaged?
A: Hydropower Plant', '
Q: How far away was the plant located from the epicenter?
A: 20 km east', '
Q: How many troops were allocated to Zipingpu?
A: 2,000', '
Q: How many dams were damaged?
A: 391', '
Q: What power plant was damaged by the earthquake?
A: Zipingpu Hydropower Plant', '
Q: How near to the epicenter was the power plant?
A: 20 km', '
Q: What has a recent inspection found about the damage to the power plant?
A: less severe', '
Q: What might possibly collapse upstream from the power plant?
A: Tulong reservoir', '
Q: What is the total number of dams damaged?
A: 391']
According to Chinese state officials, the quake caused 69,180 known deaths including 68,636 in Sichuan province; 18,498 people are listed as missing, and 374,176 injured, but these figures may further increase as more reports come in.[dated info] This estimate includes 158 earthquake relief workers who were killed in landslides as they tried to repair roads.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many deaths were reported?
A: 69,180', '
Q: How many deaths were reported only in the Sichuan province?
A: 68,636', '
Q: How many people were listed as missing?
A: 18,498', '
Q: How many people were injured?
A: 374,176', '
Q: How many earthquake relief workers were killed?
A: 158', '
Q: How many died in Sichuan?
A: 68,636', '
Q: What is the total tally of known deaths caused by the earthquake?
A: 69,180', '
Q: What is the number of missing persons?
A: 18,498', '
Q: How many people were injured?
A: 374,176', '
Q: What were the 158 relief workers doing when they were killed?
A: tried to repair roads']
One rescue team reported only 2,300 survivors from the town of Yingxiu in Wenchuan County, out of a total population of about 9,000. 3,000 to 5,000 people were killed in Beichuan County, Sichuan alone; in the same location, 10,000 people were injured and 80% of the buildings were destroyed. The old county seat of Beichuan was abandoned and preserved as part of the Beichuan Earthquake Museum. Eight schools were toppled in Dujiangyan. A 56-year-old was killed in Dujiangyan during a rescue attempt on the Lingyanshan Ropeway, where due to the earthquake 11 tourists from Taiwan had been trapped inside cable cars since May 13. A 4-year-old boy named Zhu Shaowei (traditional Chinese: 朱紹維; simplified Chinese: 朱绍维; pinyin: Zhū Shàowéi) was also killed in Mianzhu City when a house collapsed on him and another was reported missing.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many survivors were there from Yingxiu?
A: 2,300', '
Q: Where is Yingxiu located?
A: in Wenchuan', '
Q: How many people in total lived in Yingxiu?
A: 9,000', '
Q: How many people were killed in Beichuan County?
A: 3,000 to 5,000', '
Q: How many people were injured in Beichuan County?
A: 10,000', '
Q: How many survivors were there in the town of Yingxiu?
A: 2,300', '
Q: What was the previous population of Yingxiu?
A: about 9,000', '
Q: How many residents were killed in Beichuan County?
A: 3,000 to 5,000', '
Q: How large was the number of injured in Beichuan County?
A: 10,000', '
Q: What is the number of schools that collapsed in Dujiangyan?
A: Eight schools']
Experts point out that the earthquake hit an area that has been largely neglected and untouched by China's economic rise. Health care is poor in inland areas such as Sichuan, highlighting the widening gap between prosperous urban dwellers and struggling rural people. Vice Minister of Health Gao Qiang told reporters in Beijing that the "public health care system in China is insufficient." The Vice Minister of Health also suggested that the government would pick up the costs of care to earthquake victims, many of whom have little or no insurance: "The government should be responsible for providing medical treatment to them," he said.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is poor about inland areas such as Sichuan?
A: Health care', '
Q: Who was the Vice Minister of Health?
A: Gao Qiang', '
Q: What did Gao Qiang tell reporters in Beijing?
A: public health care system in China is insufficient', '
Q: How economically forward has this area been?
A: neglected and untouched', '
Q: Where is health care poor in China?
A: inland areas', '
Q: What did the Vice Minster of Health call the public health system in China?
A: insufficient', '
Q: What should the government of China be responsible for providing to earthquake survivors?
A: medical treatment']
In terms of school casualties, thousands of school children died due to shoddy construction. In Mianyang City, seven schools collapsed, burying at least 1,700 people. At least 7,000 school buildings throughout the province collapsed. Another 700 students were buried in a school in Hanwang. At least 600 students and staff died at Juyuan Elementary School. Up to 1,300 children and teachers died at Beichuan Middle School.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many school children died due to shoddy construction?
A: thousands', '
Q: How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City?
A: seven', '
Q: How many people were buried in the collapsed schools?
A: 1,700', '
Q: How many school buildings collapsed in the province?
A: 7,000', '
Q: How many students were buried in a school in Hanwang?
A: 700', '
Q: What caused the deaths of many school children?
A: shoddy construction', '
Q: How many schools collapsed in Mianyang City
A: seven', '
Q: How many people were buried under rubble in Mianyang City?
A: 1,700', '
Q: How many school buildings fell in the entire province?
A: 7,000', '
Q: How many were killed at the Juyuan Elementary School?
A: 600']