romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
In general, avian influenza is a disease of birds caused by bird-specific influenza A virus that is not normally transferred to people; however, people in contact with live poultry are at the greatest risk of becoming infected with the virus and this is of particular concern in areas such as Southeast Asia, where the disease is endemic in the wild bird population and domestic poultry can become infected. The virus possibly could mutate to become highly virulent and infectious in humans and cause an influenza pandemic.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Is the Avian flu a risk only to animals?
A: people in contact with live poultry are at the greatest risk of becoming infected with the virus', '
Q: What portion of the world is considered to be most at risk for the rapid spread of the avian flu?
A: areas such as Southeast Asia, where the disease is endemic in the wild bird population and domestic poultry can become infected', '
Q: What is the danger to humans in regards to the spread of avian flu to humans ?
A: The virus possibly could mutate to become highly virulent and infectious in humans and cause an influenza pandemic.', '
Q: Can the avian flu be sread from wild birds to birds kept in husbandry?
A: the disease is endemic in the wild bird population and domestic poultry can become infected.']
Bacteria can be grown in the laboratory on nutrient culture media, but viruses need living cells in which to replicate. Many vaccines to infectious diseases can be grown in fertilised chicken eggs. Millions of eggs are used each year to generate the annual flu vaccine requirements, a complex process that takes about six months after the decision is made as to what strains of virus to include in the new vaccine. A problem with using eggs for this purpose is that people with egg allergies are unable to be immunised, but this disadvantage may be overcome as new techniques for cell-based rather than egg-based culture become available. Cell-based culture will also be useful in a pandemic when it may be difficult to acquire a sufficiently large quantity of suitable sterile, fertile eggs.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are poultry eggs used for aside from consumption?
A: Many vaccines to infectious diseases can be grown in fertilised chicken eggs.', '
Q: What is the major difficulty faced in using poultry to cultivate vaccines?
A: egg allergies are unable to be immunised', '
Q: How long does it take for the flu vaccine to be fully ready for deployment into the population ?
A: process that takes about six months', '
Q: In order to make a vaccine , what do viruses require that bacteria does not?
A: viruses need living cells in which to replicate', '
Q: What new technology is being used in teh vaccine making process that will make vaccines safer and eaier for most consumers?
A: . Cell-based culture']
Poultry meat and eggs provide nutritionally beneficial food containing protein of high quality. This is accompanied by low levels of fat which have a favourable mix of fatty acids. Chicken meat contains about two to three times as much polyunsaturated fat as most types of red meat when measured by weight. However, for boneless, skinless chicken breast, the amount is much lower. A 100-g serving of baked chicken breast contains 4 g of fat and 31 g of protein, compared to 10 g of fat and 27 g of protein for the same portion of broiled, lean skirt steak.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the nutitional value to humans of poultry and poultry products?
A: protein of high quality', '
Q: What is the fat and protien content of a 100g ram serving of baked chicken breast contain ?
A: 4 g of fat and 31 g of protein', '
Q: How much healthy fat in in the average serving of poultry?
A: two to three times as much polyunsaturated fat as most types of red meat', '
Q: Does chicken contain fat?
A: low levels of fat which have a favourable mix of fatty acids']
Arsenal was the first club from the south of England to join The Football League, in 1893. They entered the First Division in 1904, and have since accumulated the second most points. Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division. In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970–71, they won their first League and FA Cup Double. Between 1988 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year did Arsenal join The Football League?
A: 1893', '
Q: During the 1930s, Arsenal won how many League Championships?
A: five', '
Q: When did Arsenal win their first Double Cup?
A: 1970–71', '
Q: Over a 17 year period which began in the late 80s, stretching five years into the new millenia, how many FA Cups did Arsenal win?
A: five', '
Q: What was the first football club from southern England to join The Football League?
A: Arsenal', '
Q: When did Arsenal join the Football League?
A: 1893', '
Q: In what year did Arsenal qualify to be in the First Division?
A: 1904', '
Q: How many league championships did Arsenal win in the 1930s?
A: five', "
Q: What was Arsenal's league position ranking at the end of the last century?
A: highest average"]
In 1886, Woolwich munitions workers founded the club as Dial Square. In 1913, the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury. They became Tottenham Hotspur's nearest club, commencing the North London derby. In 2006, they moved to the Emirates Stadium in nearby Holloway. Arsenal earned €435.5m in 2014–15, with the Emirates Stadium generating the highest revenue in world football. Based on social media activity from 2014–15, Arsenal's fanbase is the fifth largest in the world. Forbes estimates the club was worth $1.3 billion in 2015.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the original name of the Arsenal team?
A: Dial Square', '
Q: When was Arsenal originally formed?
A: 1886', '
Q: When did Arsenal become based in Highbury?
A: 1913', '
Q: In what year did Arsenal move to Holloway?
A: 2006', "
Q: How does Forbe's believe the Arsenal club was worth in 2015?
A: $1.3 billion"]
Arsenal Football Club was formed as Dial Square in 1886 by workers at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich, south-east London, and were renamed Royal Arsenal shortly afterwards. The club was renamed again to Woolwich Arsenal after becoming a limited company in 1893. The club became the first southern member of the Football League in 1893, starting out in the Second Division, and won promotion to the First Division in 1904. The club's relative geographic isolation resulted in lower attendances than those of other clubs, which led to the club becoming mired in financial problems and effectively bankrupt by 1910, when they were taken over by businessmen Henry Norris and William Hall. Norris sought to move the club elsewhere, and in 1913, soon after relegation back to the Second Division, Arsenal moved to the new Arsenal Stadium in Highbury, north London; they dropped "Woolwich" from their name the following year. Arsenal only finished in fifth place in the second division during the last pre-war competitive season of 1914–15, but were nevertheless elected to rejoin the First Division when competitive football resumed in 1919–20, at the expense of local rivals Tottenham Hotspur. Some books have reported that this election to division 1 was achieved by dubious means.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What group from the munitions plant in Woolwich formed the Arsenal club?
A: workers', '
Q: By what year had Arsenal become a limited company?
A: 1893', '
Q: When did Arsenal move to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury?
A: 1913', '
Q: In which division was Arsenal ranked by the start of WWI?
A: second division', '
Q: By 1920 where was Arsenal ranked in division?
A: First Division']
Arsenal appointed Herbert Chapman as manager in 1925. Having already won the league twice with Huddersfield Town in 1923–24 and 1924–25 (see Seasons in English football), Chapman brought Arsenal their first period of major success. His revolutionary tactics and training, along with the signings of star players such as Alex James and Cliff Bastin, laid the foundations of the club's domination of English football in the 1930s. Under his guidance Arsenal won their first major trophies – victory in the 1930 FA Cup Final preceded two League Championships, in 1930–31 and 1932–33. In addition, Chapman was behind the 1932 renaming of the local London Underground station from "Gillespie Road" to "Arsenal", making it the only Tube station to be named specifically after a football club.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What manager was appointed to lead Arsenal in 1925?
A: Herbert Chapman', "
Q: What was Chapman's style of tactics that provided the basis for the Arsenal club's success?
A: revolutionary", '
Q: In what decade did Arsenal dominate in English football?
A: 1930s', '
Q: What football club manager got an underground station renamed for Arsenal?
A: Chapman', "
Q: What was one of Arsenal's first major wins?
A: 1930 FA Cup Final"]
Arsenal began winning silverware again with the surprise appointment of club physiotherapist Bertie Mee as manager in 1966. After losing two League Cup finals, they won their first European trophy, the 1969–70 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. This was followed by an even greater triumph: their first League and FA Cup double in 1970–71. This marked a premature high point of the decade; the Double-winning side was soon broken up and the following decade was characterised by a series of near misses, starting with Arsenal finishing as FA Cup runners up in 1972, and First Division runners-up in 1972–73.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was Bertie Mee become manager of Arsenal?
A: 1966', '
Q: What position did Mee hold in the Arsenal club prior to becoming manager?
A: physiotherapist', '
Q: In which season did Arsenal win its first European trophy?
A: 1969–70', "
Q: For how long after Arsenal's first trophy win the team do poorly competitions?
A: decade", '
Q: In what season did Arsenal win their first League and FA Cup double?
A: 1970–71']
Terry Neill was recruited by the Arsenal board to replace Bertie Mee on 9 July 1976 and at the age of 34 he became the youngest Arsenal manager to date. With new signings like Malcolm Macdonald and Pat Jennings, and a crop of talent in the side such as Liam Brady and Frank Stapleton, the club enjoyed their best form since the 1971 double, reaching a trio of FA Cup finals (1978, 1979 and 1980), and losing the 1980 European Cup Winners' Cup Final on penalties. The club's only success during this time was a last-minute 3–2 victory over Manchester United in the 1979 FA Cup Final, widely regarded as a classic.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: On what date was Bertie Mee replaced by Arsenal?
A: 9 July 1976', '
Q: What Arsenal manager replaced Mee?
A: Terry Neill', '
Q: What action brought prosperity to Arsenal?
A: new signings', '
Q: What number of cup finals did Arsenal reach in
A: trio', '
Q: In what years did Arsenal get into the FA Cup finals?
A: 1978, 1979 and 1980']
The return of former player George Graham as manager in 1986 brought a third period of glory. Arsenal won the League Cup in 1987, Graham's first season in charge. This was followed by a League title win in 1988–89, won with a last-minute goal in the final game of the season against fellow title challengers Liverpool. Graham's Arsenal won another title in 1990–91, losing only one match, won the FA Cup and League Cup double in 1993, and a second European trophy, the European Cup Winners' Cup, in 1994. Graham's reputation was tarnished when he was found to have taken kickbacks from agent Rune Hauge for signing certain players, and he was dismissed in 1995. His replacement, Bruce Rioch, lasted for only one season, leaving the club after a dispute with the board of directors.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What former Arsenal player became manager in 1986?
A: George Graham', '
Q: Under the direction of Graham, what trophy did Arsenal win in 1987?
A: League Cup', '
Q: What competitor did Arsenal defeat to win a league title in the 1988-89 season?
A: Liverpool', '
Q: In what year did Arsenal win their second European cup?
A: 1994', '
Q: What action did Graham get caught doing to get fired by Arsenal?
A: kickbacks']
The club's success in the late 1990s and first decade of the 21st century owed a great deal to the 1996 appointment of Arsène Wenger as manager. Wenger brought new tactics, a new training regime and several foreign players who complemented the existing English talent. Arsenal won a second League and Cup double in 1997–98 and a third in 2001–02. In addition, the club reached the final of the 1999–2000 UEFA Cup (losing on penalties to Galatasaray), were victorious in the 2003 and 2005 FA Cups, and won the Premier League in 2003–04 without losing a single match, an achievement which earned the side the nickname "The Invincibles". The feat came within a run of 49 league matches unbeaten from 7 May 2003 to 24 October 2004, a national record.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What manager in the late 1990s brought success to Arsenal?
A: Arsène Wenger', '
Q: Besides improved tactics and training, what did Wenger add to the Arsenal team?
A: foreign players', '
Q: In what season did Arsenal win their second League and Cup double?
A: 1997–98', "
Q: What caused Arsenal's loss to Galatasarey in the 1999-2000 season?
A: penalties", '
Q: What trophy did Arsenal win in the 2003-2004 season without losing a match?
A: Premier League']
Arsenal finished in either first or second place in the league in eight of Wenger's first eleven seasons at the club, although on no occasion were they able to retain the title. As of July 2013, they were one of only five teams, the others being Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, and Manchester City, to have won the Premier League since its formation in 1992. Arsenal had never progressed beyond the quarter-finals of the Champions League until 2005–06; in that season they became the first club from London in the competition's fifty-year history to reach the final, in which they were beaten 2–1 by Barcelona. In July 2006, they moved into the Emirates Stadium, after 93 years at Highbury.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Including Arsenal, how many  teams  had won the Premier League up to 2013?
A: five', '
Q: In what year was the Premier League created?
A: 1992', '
Q: What team defeated Arsenal in the finals of the Champions League in 2005-2006 season?
A: Barcelona', '
Q: To what stadium did Arsenal FC move in 2006?
A: Emirates Stadium', '
Q: For how many years did Arsenal play at Highbury?
A: 93']
Arsenal reached the final of the 2007 and 2011 League Cups, losing 2–1 to Chelsea and Birmingham City respectively. The club had not gained a major trophy since the 2005 FA Cup until 17 May 2014, when Arsenal beat Hull City in the 2014 FA Cup Final, coming back from a 2–0 deficit to win the match 3–2. This qualified them for the 2014 FA Community Shield where they would play Premier League champions Manchester City. They recorded a resounding 3–0 win in the game, winning their second trophy in three months. Nine months after their Community Shield triumph, Arsenal appeared in the FA Cup final for the second year in a row, thrashing Aston Villa 4–0 in the final and becoming the most successful club in the tournament's history with 12 titles. On 2 August 2015, Arsenal beat Chelsea 1–0 at Wembley Stadium to retain the Community Shield and earn their 14th Community Shield title.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What famous team defeated Arsenal for the League Cup in 2007?
A: Chelsea', '
Q: Who beat Arsenal for the 2011 League Cup>
A: Birmingham City', '
Q: How many wins did Arsenal have to make the team the most successful in FA Cup history?
A: 12', '
Q: What team did Arsenal defeat at Wembley in 2015?
A: Chelsea', '
Q: How Community Shield titles does Arsenal have?
A: 14']
Unveiled in 1888, Royal Arsenal's first crest featured three cannon viewed from above, pointing northwards, similar to the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich (nowadays transferred to the coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich). These can sometimes be mistaken for chimneys, but the presence of a carved lion's head and a cascabel on each are clear indicators that they are cannon. This was dropped after the move to Highbury in 1913, only to be reinstated in 1922, when the club adopted a crest featuring a single cannon, pointing eastwards, with the club's nickname, The Gunners, inscribed alongside it; this crest only lasted until 1925, when the cannon was reversed to point westward and its barrel slimmed down.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year did Arsenal first create a crest for the team?
A: 1888', '
Q: What part of the Arsenal crest is sometimes mistaken for chimneys?
A: three cannon', '
Q: After the team moved to what city were the cannon left off the crest?
A: Highbury', '
Q: What nickname prompted a return to the canon on the club crest?
A: The Gunners', '
Q: In what year was the canon image further refined on the Arsenal crest?
A: 1925']
In 1949, the club unveiled a modernised crest featuring the same style of cannon below the club's name, set in blackletter, and above the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Islington and a scroll inscribed with the club's newly adopted Latin motto, Victoria Concordia Crescit "victory comes from harmony", coined by the club's programme editor Harry Homer. For the first time, the crest was rendered in colour, which varied slightly over the crest's lifespan, finally becoming red, gold and green. Because of the numerous revisions of the crest, Arsenal were unable to copyright it. Although the club had managed to register the crest as a trademark, and had fought (and eventually won) a long legal battle with a local street trader who sold "unofficial" Arsenal merchandise, Arsenal eventually sought a more comprehensive legal protection. Therefore, in 2002 they introduced a new crest featuring more modern curved lines and a simplified style, which was copyrightable. The cannon once again faces east and the club's name is written in a sans-serif typeface above the cannon. Green was replaced by dark blue. The new crest was criticised by some supporters; the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association claimed that the club had ignored much of Arsenal's history and tradition with such a radical modern design, and that fans had not been properly consulted on the issue.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What Latin motto was added to the crest in 1949?
A: Victoria Concordia Crescit', '
Q: In 1949 what new addition was done to enhance the Arsenal club crest?
A: rendered in colour', '
Q: What legal stance did Arsenal use to win a law suit against a merchant?
A: trademark', '
Q: In what year did Arsenal produce a remodeled crest that could be copyrighted?
A: 2002', '
Q:  Who did Arsenal supporters think should have been consulted before announcing the new crest?
A: fans']
The monogram theme was developed into an Art Deco-style badge on which the letters A and C framed a football rather than the letter F, the whole set within a hexagonal border. This early example of a corporate logo, introduced as part of Herbert Chapman's rebranding of the club in the 1930s, was used not only on Cup Final shirts but as a design feature throughout Highbury Stadium, including above the main entrance and inlaid in the floors. From 1967, a white cannon was regularly worn on the shirts, until replaced by the club crest, sometimes with the addition of the nickname "The Gunners", in the 1990s.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What style of logo did Chapman introduce in the 1930s?
A: Art Deco', '
Q: Of what is the early logo of Arsenal an example?
A: corporate logo', '
Q: Where is the Art Deco style badge design used prominently?
A: Highbury Stadium', '
Q: What Arsenal club nickname sometimes appeared on club shirts?
A: The Gunners', '
Q: When was the white canon logo replaced with the club crest?
A: 1990s']
In the 2011–12 season, Arsenal celebrated their 125th year anniversary. The celebrations included a modified version of the current crest worn on their jerseys for the season. The crest was all white, surrounded by 15 oak leaves to the right and 15 laurel leaves to the left. The oak leaves represent the 15 founding members of the club who met at the Royal Oak pub. The 15 laurel leaves represent the design detail on the six pence pieces paid by the founding fathers to establish the club. The laurel leaves also represent strength. To complete the crest, 1886 and 2011 are shown on either sides of the motto "Forward" at the bottom of the crest.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What celebration did Arsenal have in the 2011-12 season?
A: 125th year anniversary', '
Q: What do the 15 oak leaves on the anniversary crest indicate?
A: founding members', '
Q: What dates are depicted on the Arsenal anniversary crest?
A: 1886 and 2011', '
Q: What motto is shown on the Arsenal club anniversary crest?
A: Forward', '
Q: Where did the Arsenal team wear the anniversary crest?
A: on their jerseys']
For much of Arsenal's history, their home colours have been bright red shirts with white sleeves and white shorts, though this has not always been the case. The choice of red is in recognition of a charitable donation from Nottingham Forest, soon after Arsenal's foundation in 1886. Two of Dial Square's founding members, Fred Beardsley and Morris Bates, were former Forest players who had moved to Woolwich for work. As they put together the first team in the area, no kit could be found, so Beardsley and Bates wrote home for help and received a set of kit and a ball. The shirt was redcurrant, a dark shade of red, and was worn with white shorts and socks with blue and white hoops.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What has the color of the Arsenal  home shirts been?
A: bright red', '
Q: In recognition of what event was the color red adopted for Arsenal shirts?
A: charitable donation', '
Q: What was the early name for the Arsenal FC?
A: Dial Square', '
Q: Which founding members were responsible for the red shirts?
A: Fred Beardsley and Morris Bates', "
Q: What was the color  of the early uniforms' shorts and socks?
A: white"]
In 1933, Herbert Chapman, wanting his players to be more distinctly dressed, updated the kit, adding white sleeves and changing the shade to a brighter pillar box red. Two possibilities have been suggested for the origin of the white sleeves. One story reports that Chapman noticed a supporter in the stands wearing a red sleeveless sweater over a white shirt; another was that he was inspired by a similar outfit worn by the cartoonist Tom Webster, with whom Chapman played golf. Regardless of which story is true, the red and white shirts have come to define Arsenal and the team have worn the combination ever since, aside from two seasons. The first was 1966–67, when Arsenal wore all-red shirts; this proved unpopular and the white sleeves returned the following season. The second was 2005–06, the last season that Arsenal played at Highbury, when the team wore commemorative redcurrant shirts similar to those worn in 1913, their first season in the stadium; the club reverted to their normal colours at the start of the next season. In the 2008–09 season, Arsenal replaced the traditional all-white sleeves with red sleeves with a broad white stripe.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What manager updated the players uniforms in 1933?
A: Herbert Chapman', '
Q: What brighter shade of red did Chapman adopt?
A: pillar box red', '
Q: What distinctive change did Chapman make to the Arsenal shirts?
A: white sleeves', '
Q: For what style of shirts Arsenal known ?
A: red and white', '
Q: What did Arsenal want to commemorate by wearing dark red shirts in their last season at Highbury?
A: first season']