romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
On 6 April 2011, after his proposed "Plan for Stability and Growth IV" (PEC IV) was rejected by the Parliament, Prime Minister José Sócrates announced on national television that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility, as Greece and the Republic of Ireland had done previously. It was the third time that the Portuguese government had requested external financial aid from the IMF—the first occasion occurred in the late 1970s following the Carnation's Revolution. In October 2011, Moody's Investor Services downgraded nine Portuguese banks due to financial weakness.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did Prime Minister Jose Socrates announce on April 6, 2011?
A: that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility', '
Q: How many times has Portugal requested external financial support?
A: third', "
Q: What provoked the first request from Portugal for financial support?
A: Carnation's Revolution", "
Q: For what reason did Moody's Investor Services downgrade nine Portuguese banks in 2011?
A: financial weakness"]
In 2005, the number of public employees per thousand inhabitants in the Portuguese government (70.8) was above the European Union average (62.4 per thousand inhabitants). By EU and USA standards, Portugal's justice system was internationally known as being slow and inefficient, and by 2011 it was the second slowest in Western Europe (after Italy); conversely, Portugal has one of the highest rates of judges and prosecutors—over 30 per 100,000 people. The entire Portuguese public service has been known for its mismanagement, useless redundancies, waste, excess of bureaucracy and a general lack of productivity in certain sectors, particularly in justice.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In 2005, how many public employees did Portugal have for every thousand inhabitants?
A: 70.8', '
Q: What was the average number of public employees per every thousand inhabitants for the European Union in 2005?
A: 62.4', "
Q: In comparison to EU and USA standards, how was Portugal's justice system regarded?
A: slow and inefficient", '
Q: Which country had the slowest criminal justice system in Western Europe in 2005?
A: Italy', '
Q: How many judges and prosecutors does Portugal have per 100,000 inhabitants?
A: over 30']
In the first week of May 2013, Prime Minister Passos Coelho announced a significant government plan for the public sector, whereby 30,000 jobs will be cut and the number of weekly working hours will be increased from 35 to 40 hours. Coelho reaffirmed the announcement by explaining that austerity measures are necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant from the European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund—the overall plan intends to enact further cuts of €4.8 billion over a three-year period.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was the Portugal Prime Minister in 2013?
A: Passos Coelho', '
Q: What did the Prime Minister announce during the first week of May in 2013?
A: significant government plan for the public sector, whereby 30,000 jobs will be cut and the number of weekly working hours will be increased from 35 to 40 hours', '
Q: For what reason did Prime Minister Passos Coelho justify cutting 30000 jobs?
A: austerity measures are necessary if Portugal seeks to avoid another monetary bailout grant', '
Q: From which entities did Portugal seek a monetary bailout from?
A: European Commission, European Central Bank and International Monetary Fund']
Passos Coelho also announced that the retirement age will be increased from 65 to 66, announced cuts in the pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses, abolished the English obligatory classes in Basic Education, but kept the pensions of the judges, diplomats untouched and didn't raise the retirement age of the military and police forces. He has, however, cut meaningfully the politicians salaries. These policies have led to social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions, namely between the Government and the Constitutional Court. Several individualities belonging to the parties that support the government have also raised their voices against the policies that have been taken in order to try to solve the financial crisis.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: To what age did Passos Coelho increase the retirement age?
A: 66', '
Q: To what did Passos Coelho announce cuts to?
A: pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses', '
Q: Which obligatory class was abolished from Basic Education?
A: English', '
Q: What did the instituting of these policies lead to?
A: social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions']
After years of high increase, the unemployment in Portugal has been in a continuous falling trend since the third quarter of 2014, decreasing from a peak of 17.7% achieved in the early 2013 to a rate of 11.9% in the second quarter of 2015. However, it is high still high compared with what was the normal average Portuguese unemployment rate in the past. In the second quarter of 2008 the unemployment rate was 7.3%, but the rate immediately rose the following period. By December 2009, unemployment had surpassed the 10% mark nationwide in the wake of worldwide events, by 2010, the rate was around 11% and in 2011 it was above 12%.[citation needed] The first quarter of 2013 signified a new unemployment rate record for Portugal, as it reached 17.7%— up from 17% in the previous quarter — and the Government has predicted an 18.5% unemployment rate in 2014. However, in the third quarter of the same year, it has surprisingly declined to a rate of 15.6%. From then on, the unemployment downtrend continued, declining to 13.9% in the second semester of 2014 and to 11.9% in the second quarter of 2015.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Since when has the Portugal unemployment rate been in a falling trend?
A: third quarter of 2014', '
Q: To what percentage did the unemployment rate peak at?
A: 17.7%', '
Q: In the second quarter of 2008, what was the Portuguese unemployment rate?
A: 7.3%', '
Q: By when did the Portuguese unemployment rate pass the 10% mark?
A: December 2009']
Tourist hotspots in Portugal are Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra, also, between 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit Fátima each year, where apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children reportedly took place in 1917. The Sanctuary of Fátima is one of the largest Roman Catholic shrines in the world. The Portuguese government continues to promote and develop new tourist destinations, such as the Douro Valley, the island of Porto Santo, and Alentejo. Lisbon is the 16th European city which attracts the most tourists (with seven million tourists occupying the city's hotels in 2006, a number that grew 11.8% compared to previous year). Lisbon in recent years surpassed the Algarve as the leading tourist region in Portugal. Porto and Northern Portugal, especially the urban areas north of Douro River valley, was the tourist destination which grew most (11.9%) in 2006, surpassing Madeira (in 2010), as the third most visited destination.[citation needed]

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are the tourist hotspots in Portugal?
A: Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra', '
Q: Where do 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit in Portugal every year?
A: Fátima', '
Q: What apparitions reportedly took place in 1917?
A: Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children', '
Q: What tourist destinations are the Portuguese government continuing to promote and develop?
A: Douro Valley, the island of Porto Santo, and Alentejo', '
Q: What is the 16th European city to attract the most tourists?
A: Lisbon']
By the early 1970s Portugal's fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles set the priority for improvements in transportation. Again in the 1990s, after joining the European Economic Community, the country built many new motorways. Today, the country has a 68,732 km (42,708 mi) road network, of which almost 3,000 km (1,864 mi) are part of system of 44 motorways. Opened in 1944, the first motorway (which linked Lisbon to the National Stadium) was an innovative project that made Portugal among one of the first countries in the world to establish a motorway (this roadway eventually became the Lisbon-Cascais highway, or A5). But, although a few other tracts were created (around 1960 and 1970), it was only after the beginning of the 1980s that large-scale motorway construction was implemented. In 1972, Brisa, the highway concessionaire, was founded to handle the management of many of the regions motorways. On many highways, toll needs to be paid, see Via Verde. Vasco da Gama bridge is the longest bridge in Europe.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What prompted transportation improvements in Portugal in the 1970's?
A: fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles", "
Q: After joining the European Economic Community in the 90's, what did Portugal begin building?
A: new motorways", "
Q: How long is Portugal's total road network?
A: 68,732 km (42,708 mi)", '
Q: In which year was the first motorway opened in Portugal?
A: 1944']
Continental Portugal's 89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi) territory is serviced by four international airports located near the principal cities of Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja. Lisbon's geographical position makes it a stopover for many foreign airlines at several airports within the country. The primary flag-carrier is TAP Portugal, although many other domestic airlines provide services within and without the country. The government decided to build a new airport outside Lisbon, in Alcochete, to replace Lisbon Portela Airport, though this plan has been stalled due to the austerity. Currently, the most important airports are in Lisbon, Porto, Faro, Funchal (Madeira), and Ponta Delgada (Azores), managed by the national airport authority group ANA – Aeroportos de Portugal.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How much land does the Continental Portugal cover?
A: 89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi)', '
Q: How many national airports does Portugal have?
A: four', '
Q: Near what cities are the Portuguese airports located?
A: Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja', '
Q: Why is Lisbon a popular stopover for many foreign airlines?
A: geographical position', '
Q: What is the primary flag-carrier in Portugal?
A: TAP Portugal']
A national railway system that extends throughout the country and into Spain, is supported and administered by Comboios de Portugal. Rail transport of passengers and goods is derived using the 2,791 km (1,734 mi) of railway lines currently in service, of which 1,430 km (889 mi) are electrified and about 900 km (559 mi) allow train speeds greater than 120 km/h (75 mph). The railway network is managed by the REFER while the transport of passengers and goods are the responsibility of Comboios de Portugal (CP), both public companies. In 2006 the CP carried 133 million passengers and 9,750,000 t (9,600,000 long tons; 10,700,000 short tons) of goods.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Into what country does Portugal's railway system expand?
A: Spain", "
Q: What entity supports and administrates Portugal's railway system?
A: Comboios de Portugal", '
Q: How long is the total railway system in Portugal?
A: 2,791 km (1,734 mi)', '
Q: How long is the amount of railway lines that are electrified?
A: 1,430 km (889 mi)', '
Q: How long is the amount of railway lines that permit speeds greater than 120 km/h?
A: 900 km (559 mi)']
The two largest metropolitan areas have subway systems: Lisbon Metro and Metro Sul do Tejo in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and Porto Metro in the Porto Metropolitan Area, each with more than 35 km (22 mi) of lines. In Portugal, Lisbon tram services have been supplied by the Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (Carris), for over a century. In Porto, a tram network, of which only a tourist line on the shores of the Douro remain, began construction on 12 September 1895 (a first for the Iberian Peninsula). All major cities and towns have their own local urban transport network, as well as taxi services.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are the two subway systems in Portugal?
A: Lisbon Metro and Metro Sul do Tejo in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area and Porto Metro in the Porto Metropolitan Area', '
Q: How long are each of the subway systems?
A: more than 35 km (22 mi)', '
Q: By what company have the Lisbon tram services been supplies by?
A: Companhia de Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (Carris)', '
Q: For how long has the Libon tram service existed?
A: over a century']
Scientific and technological research activities in Portugal are mainly conducted within a network of R&D units belonging to public universities and state-managed autonomous research institutions like the INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação and the INRB – Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos. The funding and management of this research system is mainly conducted under the authority of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (MCTES) itself and the MCTES's Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT). The largest R&D units of the public universities by volume of research grants and peer-reviewed publications, include biosciences research institutions like the Instituto de Medicina Molecular, the Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, the IPATIMUP, the Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular and the Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what type of network are most scientific research studies conducted in Portugal?
A: R&D units belonging to public universities and state-managed autonomous research institutions', '
Q: What is one example of a state-managed autonomous research institution?
A: INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação', "
Q: By which ministry is authority granted for funding and managing Portugal's research system?
A: Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (MCTES)"]
Among the largest non-state-run research institutions in Portugal are the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência and the Champalimaud Foundation, a neuroscience and oncology research centre, which in addition awards every year one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world. A number of both national and multinational high-tech and industrial companies, are also responsible for research and development projects. One of the oldest learned societies of Portugal is the Sciences Academy of Lisbon, founded in 1779.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are two of the large non-state run research institutions in Portugal?
A: Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência and the Champalimaud Foundation', '
Q: What is the Champalimaud Foundation?
A: neuroscience and oncology research centre', '
Q: What does the Champalimaud Foundation award every year?
A: one of the highest monetary prizes of any science prize in the world', '
Q: In what year was the Sciences Academy of Lisbon founded?
A: 1779']
Portugal has the largest aquarium in Europe, the Lisbon Oceanarium, and the Portuguese have several other notable organizations focused on science-related exhibits and divulgation, like the state agency Ciência Viva, a programme of the Portuguese Ministry of Science and Technology to the promotion of a scientific and technological culture among the Portuguese population, the Science Museum of the University of Coimbra, the National Museum of Natural History at the University of Lisbon, and the Visionarium.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the name of the largest European aquarium?
A: Lisbon Oceanarium', '
Q: What does the state agency Ciencia Viva promote?
A: scientific and technological culture among the Portuguese population', '
Q: What are some examples of notable organizations focused on scientific exhibitions?
A: Science Museum of the University of Coimbra, the National Museum of Natural History at the University of Lisbon, and the Visionarium']
With the emergence and growth of several science parks throughout the world that helped create many thousands of scientific, technological and knowledge-based businesses, Portugal started to develop several science parks across the country. These include the Taguspark (in Oeiras), the Coimbra iParque (in Coimbra), the biocant (in Cantanhede), the Madeira Tecnopolo (in Funchal), Sines Tecnopolo (in Sines), Tecmaia (in Maia) and Parkurbis (in Covilhã). Companies locate in the Portuguese science parks to take advantage of a variety of services ranging from financial and legal advice through to marketing and technological support.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was responsible for creating thousands of scientific, technological, and knowledge-based businesses?
A: the emergence and growth of several science parks throughout the world', '
Q: What are some examples of the science parks being built in Portugal?
A: Taguspark (in Oeiras), the Coimbra iParque (in Coimbra), the biocant (in Cantanhede), the Madeira Tecnopolo (in Funchal)', '
Q: For what reason to companies locate in the Portuguese science parks?
A: take advantage of a variety of services ranging from financial and legal advice through to marketing and technological support']
Portugal has considerable resources of wind and river power, the two most cost-effective renewable sources. Since the turn of the 21st century, there has been a trend towards the development of a renewable resource industry and reduction of both consumption and use of fossil fuel resources. In 2006, the world's largest solar power plant at that date, the Moura Photovoltaic Power Station, began operating near Moura, in the south, while the world's first commercial wave power farm, the Aguçadoura Wave Farm, opened in the Norte region (2008). By the end of 2006, 66% of the country's electrical production was from coal and fuel power plants, while 29% were derived from hydroelectric dams, and 6% by wind energy.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are the two most considerable sources of renewable energy in Portugal?
A: wind and river power', '
Q: Where was Moura Photovoltaic Power Station located?
A: Moura, in the south', '
Q: Where was the Agucadoura Wave Farm located?
A: Norte region', "
Q: By the end of 2006, what percentage of Portugal's energy production was from renewable sources?
A: 29%"]
Portugal’s national energy transmission company, Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN), uses sophisticated modeling to predict weather, especially wind patterns, and computer programs to calculate energy from the various renewable-energy plants. Before the solar/wind revolution, Portugal had generated electricity from hydropower plants on its rivers for decades. New programs combine wind and water: wind-driven turbines pump water uphill at night, the most blustery period; then the water flows downhill by day, generating electricity, when consumer demand is highest. Portugal’s distribution system is also now a two-way street. Instead of just delivering electricity, it draws electricity from even the smallest generators, like rooftop solar panels. The government aggressively encouraged such contributions by setting a premium price for those who buy rooftop-generated solar electricity.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is the name of Portugal's national energy transmission company?
A: Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN)", '
Q: What does REN do?
A: uses sophisticated modeling to predict weather, especially wind patterns, and computer programs to calculate energy from the various renewable-energy plants', '
Q: Through what renewable resource had Portugal generated electricity before the solar/wind revolution?
A: hydropower plants on its rivers', '
Q: What is used to pump water uphill in Portugal?
A: wind-driven turbines', '
Q: How did the Portuguese government encourage rooftop solar panels?
A: setting a premium price']
The Statistics Portugal (Portuguese: INE - Instituto Nacional de Estatística) estimates that, according to the 2011 census, the population was 10,562,178 (of which 52% was female, 48% was male). This population has been relatively homogeneous for most of its history: a single religion (Catholicism) and a single language have contributed to this ethnic and national unity, namely after the expulsion of the Moors and Jews. A considerable number of Moors and Jews, nevertheless, stayed in Portugal, under the condition that they converted to Catholicism, and afterwards they were known as Mouriscos (former Muslims) and Cristãos Novos (New Christians or former Jews) some of whom may have continued to observe rabbinic Judaism in secret, as in the case of the secret Jews of Belmonte, who now observe the Jewish faith openly. After 1772 the distinction between Old and New Christians was abolished by decree. Some famous Portuguese New Christians were the mathematician Pedro Nunes and the physician and naturalist Garcia de Orta.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the Portuguese population in 2011?
A: 10,562,178', '
Q: What percentage of the Portuguese population in 2011 was female?
A: 52%', '
Q: What percentage of the Portuguese population in 2011 was male?
A: 48%', '
Q: What is the dominant religion in Portugal?
A: Catholicism', '
Q: What were the Moors who converted to Catholicism known as?
A: Mouriscos']
The most important demographic influence in the modern Portuguese seems to be the oldest one; current interpretation of Y-chromosome and mtDNA data suggests that the Portuguese have their origin in Paleolithic peoples that began arriving to the European continent around 45,000 years ago. All subsequent migrations did leave an impact, genetically and culturally, but the main population source of the Portuguese is still Paleolithic. Genetic studies show Portuguese populations not to be significantly different from other European populations.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what group of people do the Portuguese have their origin?
A: Paleolithic peoples', '
Q: When did people first start arriving in the European continent?
A: 45,000 years ago', '
Q: What is the main population source of the Portuguese people?
A: Paleolithic']
Portugal's colonial history has long since been a cornerstone of its national identity, as has its geographic position at the south-western corner of Europe, looking out into the Atlantic Ocean. It was one of the last western colonial European powers to give up its overseas territories (among them Angola and Mozambique in 1975), turning over the administration of Macau to the People's Republic of China at the end of 1999. Consequently, it has both influenced and been influenced by cultures from former colonies or dependencies, resulting in immigration from these former territories for both economic and/or personal reasons. Portugal, long a country of emigration (the vast majority of Brazilians have Portuguese ancestry), has now become a country of net immigration, and not just from the last Indian (Portuguese until 1961), African (Portuguese until 1975), and Far East Asian (Portuguese until 1999) overseas territories. An estimated 800,000 Portuguese returned to Portugal as the country's African possessions gained independence in 1975. By 2007, Portugal had 10,617,575 inhabitants of whom about 332,137 were legal immigrants.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is the cornerstone of Portugal's national identity?
A: colonial history", '
Q: Which ocean does Portugal border?
A: Atlantic Ocean', '
Q: What were two of the last territories Portugal gave up?
A: Angola and Mozambique', '
Q: The vast majority of Brazilians have what ancestry in common?
A: Portuguese', '
Q: How many inhabitants did Portugal have by 2007?
A: 10,617,575']