romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
In early 1758, Frederick launched an invasion of Moravia, and laid siege to Olmütz (now Olomouc, Czech Republic). Following an Austrian victory at the Battle of Domstadtl that wiped out a supply convoy destined for Olmütz, Frederick broke off the siege and withdrew from Moravia. It marked the end of his final attempt to launch a major invasion of Austrian territory. East Prussia had been occupied by Russian forces over the winter and would remain under their control until 1762, although Frederick did not see the Russians as an immediate threat and instead entertained hopes of first fighting a decisive battle against Austria that would knock them out of the war.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where did Frederick invade in 1758
A: Frederick launched an invasion of Moravia', '
Q: What city did Frederick lay siege to?
A: Olmütz', '
Q: What turned the battle for Olmutz against Frederick?
A: Austrian victory at the Battle of Domstadtl that wiped out a supply convoy destined for Olmütz,', '
Q: How did Frederick respond to the loss of a supply convoy?
A: Frederick broke off the siege and withdrew from Moravia.']
In April 1758, the British concluded the Anglo-Prussian Convention with Frederick in which they committed to pay him an annual subsidy of £670,000. Britain also dispatched 9,000 troops to reinforce Ferdinand's Hanoverian army, the first British troop commitment on the continent and a reversal in the policy of Pitt. Ferdinand had succeeded in driving the French from Hanover and Westphalia and re-captured the port of Emden in March 1758 before crossing the Rhine with his own forces, which caused alarm in France. Despite Ferdinand's victory over the French at the Battle of Krefeld and the brief occupation of Düsseldorf, he was compelled by the successful manoeuvering of larger French forces to withdraw across the Rhine.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the annual financial commitment by Britain to Frederick?
A: an annual subsidy of £670,000', "
Q: How did Britain assist the defense of Hanover?
A: Britain also dispatched 9,000 troops to reinforce Ferdinand's Hanoverian army", '
Q: What caused alarm in France?
A: re-captured the port of Emden in March 1758 before crossing the Rhine with his own forces', '
Q: Who did Ferdinand repel from Ha nover?
A: the French', '
Q: Did Ferdinand permanently occupy France?
A: he was compelled by the successful manoeuvering of larger French forces to withdraw across the Rhine']
By this point Frederick was increasingly concerned by the Russian advance from the east and marched to counter it. Just east of the Oder in Brandenburg-Neumark, at the Battle of Zorndorf (now Sarbinowo, Poland), a Prussian army of 35,000 men under Frederick on Aug. 25, 1758, fought a Russian army of 43,000 commanded by Count William Fermor. Both sides suffered heavy casualties – the Prussians 12,800, the Russians 18,000 – but the Russians withdrew, and Frederick claimed victory. In the undecided Battle of Tornow on 25 September, a Swedish army repulsed six assaults by a Prussian army but did not push on Berlin following the Battle of Fehrbellin.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How did Frederick respond to the Russian occupation of east Prussia?
A: marched to counter it.', '
Q: How large a force did Frederick send against the occupying Russians?
A: 35,000 men', '
Q: How many Russians were in defense?
A: Russian army of 43,000', '
Q: Which army withdrew?
A: the Russians withdrew', '
Q: What country was Prussia fighting on another front?
A: Swedish']
The war was continuing indecisively when on 14 October Marshal Daun's Austrians surprised the main Prussian army at the Battle of Hochkirch in Saxony. Frederick lost much of his artillery but retreated in good order, helped by dense woods. The Austrians had ultimately made little progress in the campaign in Saxony despite Hochkirch and had failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough. After a thwarted attempt to take Dresden, Daun's troops were forced to withdraw to Austrian territory for the winter, so that Saxony remained under Prussian occupation. At the same time, the Russians failed in an attempt to take Kolberg in Pomerania (now Kołobrzeg, Poland) from the Prussians.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What Austrian General surprised the Prussian at Hochkirch?
A: Marshal Daun', '
Q: What was the major loss for Prussia at Hochkirch?
A: lost much of his artillery', '
Q: Why was Frederick able to retreat successfully?
A: retreated in good order, helped by dense woods', '
Q: What was the result of the victory for the Austrians?
A: The Austrians had ultimately made little progress in the campaign in Saxony despite Hochkirch and had failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough', "
Q: How did the Austrian troops spend the winter?
A: , Daun's troops were forced to withdraw to Austrian territory for the winter"]
The year 1759 saw several Prussian defeats. At the Battle of Kay, or Paltzig, the Russian Count Saltykov with 47,000 Russians defeated 26,000 Prussians commanded by General Carl Heinrich von Wedel. Though the Hanoverians defeated an army of 60,000 French at Minden, Austrian general Daun forced the surrender of an entire Prussian corps of 13,000 in the Battle of Maxen. Frederick himself lost half his army in the Battle of Kunersdorf (now Kunowice Poland), the worst defeat in his military career and one that drove him to the brink of abdication and thoughts of suicide. The disaster resulted partly from his misjudgment of the Russians, who had already demonstrated their strength at Zorndorf and at Gross-Jägersdorf (now Motornoye, Russia), and partly from good cooperation between the Russian and Austrian forces.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How did the Prussian army perform in 1759/
A: 1759 saw several Prussian defeats', '
Q: How would one characterize the encounter with the Russian army in 1757?
A: 47,000 Russians defeated 26,000 Prussians', '
Q: What was the result of the Battle of Maxen?
A: Austrian general Daun forced the surrender of an entire Prussian corps of 13,000', '
Q: What happened at Minden in 1757?
A: the Hanoverians defeated an army of 60,000 French', "
Q: What happened to Frederick's army at the Battle at Kunersdorf?
A: Frederick himself lost half his army"]
The French planned to invade the British Isles during 1759 by accumulating troops near the mouth of the Loire and concentrating their Brest and Toulon fleets. However, two sea defeats prevented this. In August, the Mediterranean fleet under Jean-François de La Clue-Sabran was scattered by a larger British fleet under Edward Boscawen at the Battle of Lagos. In the Battle of Quiberon Bay on 20 November, the British admiral Edward Hawke with 23 ships of the line caught the French Brest fleet with 21 ships of the line under Marshal de Conflans and sank, captured, or forced many of them aground, putting an end to the French plans.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where was the planned invasion of Britain by France?
A: near the mouth of the Loire', '
Q: How did the French plan to transport their troops to Britain for the invasion?
A: their Brest and Toulon fleets', '
Q: What happened to the French Mediterranean fleet?
A: the Mediterranean fleet under Jean-François de La Clue-Sabran was scattered by a larger British fleet', '
Q: What happened to the French Brest fleet?
A: caught the French Brest fleet with 21 ships of the line under Marshal de Conflans and sank, captured, or forced many of them aground', '
Q: With the loss of the two fleets, how did the French get their troops to Britain for the invasion?
A: putting an end to the French plans.']
Despite this, the Austrians, under the command of General Laudon, captured Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) in Silesia. In the Battle of Liegnitz Frederick scored a strong victory despite being outnumbered three to one. The Russians under General Saltykov and Austrians under General Lacy briefly occupied his capital, Berlin, in October, but could not hold it for long. The end of that year saw Frederick once more victorious, defeating the able Daun in the Battle of Torgau; but he suffered very heavy casualties, and the Austrians retreated in good order.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Identify a success of the Austrians?
A: the Austrians, under the command of General Laudon, captured Glatz', '
Q: Where is Glatz
A: Glatz (now Kłodzko, Poland) in Silesia', "
Q: What was outstanding about Frederick's victory in the Battle of Liegnitz?
A: outnumbered three to one", "
Q: Why was Frederick's defeat of Daun so costly?
A: he suffered very heavy casualties, and the Austrians retreated in good order.", '
Q: Who led the Russian occupation of Berlin?
A: General Saltykov']
1762 brought two new countries into the war. Britain declared war against Spain on 4 January 1762; Spain reacted by issuing their own declaration of war against Britain on 18 January. Portugal followed by joining the war on Britain's side. Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of Portugal and succeeded in capturing Almeida. The arrival of British reinforcements stalled a further Spanish advance, and the Battle of Valencia de Alcántara saw British-Portuguese forces overrun a major Spanish supply base. The invaders were stopped on the heights in front of Abrantes (called the pass to Lisbon) where the Anglo-Portuguese were entrenched. Eventually the Anglo-Portuguese army, aided by guerrillas and practicing a scorched earth strategy, chased the greatly reduced Franco-Spanish army back to Spain, recovering almost all the lost towns, among them the Spanish headquarters in Castelo Branco full of wounded and sick that had been left behind.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Identify a new country that joined the war in 1762?
A: Spain', '
Q: Identify a second new country that joined the war in 1762?
A: Portugal', '
Q: What city was captured in the first Spain-Portugal conflict?
A: . Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of Portugal and succeeded in capturing Almeida', "
Q: Was Portugal on the side of France or Britain?
A: Portugal followed by joining the war on Britain's side", '
Q: Britain sent troops to aid Portugal.  What was the result?
A: the Anglo-Portuguese army, aided by guerrillas and practicing a scorched earth strategy, chased the greatly reduced Franco-Spanish army back to Spain']
On the eastern front, progress was very slow. The Russian army was heavily dependent upon its main magazines in Poland, and the Prussian army launched several successful raids against them. One of them, led by general Platen in September resulted in the loss of 2,000 Russians, mostly captured, and the destruction of 5,000 wagons. Deprived of men, the Prussians had to resort to this new sort of warfare, raiding, to delay the advance of their enemies. Nonetheless, at the end of the year, they suffered two critical setbacks. The Russians under Zakhar Chernyshev and Pyotr Rumyantsev stormed Kolberg in Pomerania, while the Austrians captured Schweidnitz. The loss of Kolberg cost Prussia its last port on the Baltic Sea. In Britain, it was speculated that a total Prussian collapse was now imminent.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How did the Prussians slow the advance of the Russians?
A: the Prussian army launched several successful raids against them', '
Q: What was the size of one of the Prussian victories against the Russians?
A: . One of them, led by general Platen in September resulted in the loss of 2,000 Russians, mostly captured, and the destruction of 5,000 wagons', '
Q: Identify a major Prussian loss to the Russians
A: Russians under Zakhar Chernyshev and Pyotr Rumyantsev stormed Kolberg in Pomerania', '
Q: identify a major Prussian loss to the Austrians.
A: the Austrians captured Schweidnitz.', '
Q: What was the concern about Prussia in Britain?
A: . In Britain, it was speculated that a total Prussian collapse was now imminent.']
Britain now threatened to withdraw its subsidies if Prussia didn't consider offering concessions to secure peace. As the Prussian armies had dwindled to just 60,000 men and with Berlin itself under siege, Frederick's survival was severely threatened. Then on 5 January 1762 the Russian Empress Elizabeth died. Her Prussophile successor, Peter III, at once recalled Russian armies from Berlin (see: the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1762)) and mediated Frederick's truce with Sweden. He also placed a corps of his own troops under Frederick's command This turn of events has become known as the Miracle of the House of Brandenburg. Frederick was then able to muster a larger army of 120,000 men and concentrate it against Austria. He drove them from much of Saxony, while his brother Henry won a victory in Silesia in the Battle of Freiberg (29 October 1762). At the same time, his Brunswick allies captured the key town of Göttingen and compounded this by taking Cassel.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Britain tried to influence Prussia to take what action?
A: offering concessions to secure peace', '
Q: How many troops did Frederick have left?
A: 60,000 men', '
Q: What development in Russia assisted Prussia?
A: Russian Empress Elizabeth died. Her Prussophile successor, Peter III, at once recalled Russian armies from Berlin', "
Q: What changed the Prussian relationship with Sweden?
A: Peter III, at once recalled Russian armies from Berlin (see: the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1762)) and mediated Frederick's truce with Sweden", "
Q: What was the unexpected action by Peter III that helped Frederick?
A: He also placed a corps of his own troops under Frederick's command"]
By 1763, the war in Central Europe was essentially a stalemate. Frederick had retaken most of Silesia and Saxony but not the latter's capital, Dresden. His financial situation was not dire, but his kingdom was devastated and his army severely weakened. His manpower had dramatically decreased, and he had lost so many effective officers and generals that a new offensive was perhaps impossible. British subsidies had been stopped by the new Prime Minister Lord Bute, and the Russian Emperor had been overthrown by his wife, Catherine, who ended Russia's alliance with Prussia and withdrew from the war. Austria, however, like most participants, was facing a severe financial crisis and had to decrease the size of its army, something which greatly affected its offensive power. Indeed, after having effectively sustained a long war, its administration was in disarray. By that time, it still held Dresden, the southeastern parts of Saxony, the county of Glatz, and southern Silesia, but the prospect of victory was dim without Russian support. In 1763 a peace settlement was reached at the Treaty of Hubertusburg, ending the war in central Europe.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In 1763 what was the status of Frederick?
A: his kingdom was devastated and his army severely weakened', '
Q: In 1763 what was the status of Austria?
A: facing a severe financial crisis and had to decrease the size of its army', "
Q: What had happened to Frederick's financial help from Britain?
A: British subsidies had been stopped by the new Prime Minister Lord Bute", "
Q: What had happened to Frederick's extra troops from Russia?
A: Catherine, who ended Russia's alliance with Prussia and withdrew from the war", '
Q: What was the result of the weakening of both Prussia and Austria?
A: In 1763 a peace settlement was reached at the Treaty of Hubertusburg, ending the war in central Europe.']
Despite the debatable strategic success and the operational failure of the descent on Rochefort, William Pitt—who saw purpose in this type of asymmetric enterprise—prepared to continue such operations. An army was assembled under the command of Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough; he was aided by Lord George Sackville. The naval squadron and transports for the expedition were commanded by Richard Howe. The army landed on 5 June 1758 at Cancalle Bay, proceeded to St. Malo, and, finding that it would take prolonged siege to capture it, instead attacked the nearby port of St. Servan. It burned shipping in the harbor, roughly 80 French privateers and merchantmen, as well as four warships which were under construction. The force then re-embarked under threat of the arrival of French relief forces. An attack on Havre de Grace was called off, and the fleet sailed on to Cherbourg; the weather being bad and provisions low, that too was abandoned, and the expedition returned having damaged French privateering and provided further strategic demonstration against the French coast.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What was the style of William Pitt's warfare?
A: saw purpose in this type of asymmetric enterprise", '
Q: What action did Pitt take against France in 1758?
A: The army landed on 5 June 1758 at Cancalle Bay', '
Q: How did the invading British army do at St. Malo?
A: it would take prolonged siege to capture it, instead attacked the nearby port of St. Servan', '
Q: What damage was done at the alternate site?
A: It burned shipping in the harbor, roughly 80 French privateers and merchantmen, as well as four warships which were under construction', '
Q: How did the British invaders respond to the arrival of French relief forces?
A: the expedition returned having damaged French privateering']
Pitt now prepared to send troops into Germany; and both Marlborough and Sackville, disgusted by what they perceived as the futility of the "descents", obtained commissions in that army. The elderly General Bligh was appointed to command a new "descent", escorted by Howe. The campaign began propitiously with the Raid on Cherbourg. Covered by naval bombardment, the army drove off the French force detailed to oppose their landing, captured Cherbourg, and destroyed its fortifications, docks, and shipping.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who decided to send British troops into Germany?
A: Pitt now prepared to send troops into Germany;', '
Q: Who led the invasion troops?
A: The elderly General Bligh', '
Q: Was the landing successful?
A: the army drove off the French force detailed to oppose their landing, captured Cherbourg,', '
Q: Where did the troops land?
A: Cherbourg', '
Q: How did the British treat Cherbourg?
A: destroyed its fortifications, docks, and shipping.']
The troops were reembarked and moved to the Bay of St. Lunaire in Brittany where, on 3 September, they were landed to operate against St. Malo; however, this action proved impractical. Worsening weather forced the two armies to separate: the ships sailed for the safer anchorage of St. Cast, while the army proceeded overland. The tardiness of Bligh in moving his forces allowed a French force of 10,000 from Brest to catch up with him and open fire on the reembarkation troops. A rear-guard of 1,400 under General Dury held off the French while the rest of the army embarked. They could not be saved; 750, including Dury, were killed and the rest captured.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What stopped the planned siege at St. Malo?
A: Worsening weather', '
Q: How did the army get to the new anchorage location?
A: the army proceeded overland.', '
Q: How did the fleet respond to the bad weather?
A: the ships sailed for the safer anchorage of St. Cast', '
Q: How did the British army escape
A: A rear-guard of 1,400 under General Dury held off the French while the rest of the army embarked', '
Q: What happened to the British army?
A: a French force of 10,000 from Brest to catch up with him and open fire on the reembarkation troops']
Great Britain lost Minorca in the Mediterranean to the French in 1756 but captured the French colonies in Senegal in 1758. The British Royal Navy took the French sugar colonies of Guadeloupe in 1759 and Martinique in 1762 as well as the Spanish cities of Havana in Cuba, and Manila in the Philippines, both prominent Spanish colonial cities. However, expansion into the hinterlands of both cities met with stiff resistance. In the Philippines, the British were confined to Manila until their agreed upon withdrawal at the war's end.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What island did Great Britain lose in 1756?
A: Great Britain lost Minorca in the Mediterranean to the French in 1756', '
Q: What success did the British have in Cuba?
A: Spanish cities of Havana in Cuba', '
Q: What possession did the French lose to the Brits in 1758
A: captured the French colonies in Senegal in 1758', '
Q: Identify the French colonies lost  to the British in 1759 and 1762.
A: The British Royal Navy took the French sugar colonies of Guadeloupe in 1759 and Martinique in 1762', '
Q: What other colony was taken by the British from Spain?
A: Manila in the Philippines']
During the war, the Seven Nations of Canada were allied with the French. These were Native Americans of the Laurentian valley—the Algonquin, the Abenaki, the Huron, and others. Although the Algonquin tribes and the Seven Nations were not directly concerned with the fate of the Ohio River Valley, they had been victims of the Iroquois Confederation. The Iroquois had encroached on Algonquin territory and pushed the Algonquins west beyond Lake Michigan. Therefore, the Algonquin and the Seven Nations were interested in fighting against the Iroquois. Throughout New England, New York, and the North-west Native American tribes formed differing alliances with the major belligerents. The Iroquois, dominant in what is now Upstate New York, sided with the British but did not play a large role in the war.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who were the Seven Nations of Canada?
A: These were Native Americans of the Laurentian valley', '
Q: Which tribe was the enemy of the Seven Nations of Canada?
A: the Seven Nations were interested in fighting against the Iroquois', '
Q: How much help did the Seven Nations give the French in the Ohio Valley?
A: the Seven Nations were not directly concerned with the fate of the Ohio River Valley', '
Q: Who was the European partner of the Iroquois?
A: The Iroquois, dominant in what is now Upstate New York, sided with the British', '
Q: How valuable was the Iroquois alliance with Britain?
A: The Iroquois, dominant in what is now Upstate New York, sided with the British but did not play a large role in the war']
In 1756 and 1757 the French captured forts Oswego and William Henry from the British. The latter victory was marred when France's native allies broke the terms of capitulation and attacked the retreating British column, which was under French guard, slaughtering and scalping soldiers and taking captive many men, women and children while the French refused to protect their captives. French naval deployments in 1757 also successfully defended the key Fortress of Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island, securing the seaward approaches to Quebec.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Who assisted the French in taking forts Oswego and William Henry?
A: France's native allies", '
Q: How did the French guard respond to the attack on the prisoners?
A: the French refused to protect their captives', "
Q: How did France's native allies treat the British prisoners?
A: slaughtering and scalping soldiers and taking captive many men, women and children", '
Q: How did the French defend the Fortress of Louisbourg?
A: French naval deployments', '
Q: What Canadian area had is seaward side protected by the defense of the Fortress of Louisbourg?
A: securing the seaward approaches to Quebec.']