romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Diaz's plans called for the entire city to eventually be modernized or rebuilt in the Porfirian/French style of the Colonia Roma; but the Mexican Revolution began soon afterward and the plans never came to fruition, with many projects being left half-completed. One of the best examples of this is the Monument to the Mexican Revolution. Originally the monument was to be the main dome of Diaz's new senate hall, but when the revolution erupted only the dome of the senate hall and its supporting pillars were completed, this was subsequently seen as a symbol by many Mexicans that the Porfirian era was over once and for all and as such, it was turned into a monument to victory over Diaz.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What was turned into a monument after the war? 
A: the main dome of Diaz's new senate hall", '
Q: Who was the man behind the modernization of Mexico City?
A: Diaz', "
Q: Why wasn't Diaz's plan completed? 
A: the Mexican Revolution", '
Q: What was the overall design plan of Mexico City?
A: Porfirian/French style', '
Q: What was the main construction project in the Profirian/French style?
A: Colonia Roma']
Zapatist forces, which were based in neighboring Morelos had strengths in the southern edge of the Federal District, which included Xochimilco, Tlalpan, Tláhuac and Milpa Alta to fight against the regimes of Victoriano Huerta and Venustiano Carranza. After the assassination of Carranza and a short mandate by Adolfo de la Huerta, Álvaro Obregón took power. After willing to be re-elected, he was killed by José de León Toral, a devout Catholic, in a restaurant near La Bombilla Park in San Ángel in 1928. Plutarco Elias Calles replaced Obregón and culminated the Mexican Revolution.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was the leader at the end of the Mexican Revolution?
A: Plutarco Elias Calles', '
Q: Where was Alvaro Obregon killed? 
A: in a restaurant near La Bombilla Park in San Ángel', '
Q: When was Alvaro Obregon killed? 
A: 1928', '
Q: Where were the Zapatist forces from?
A: Morelos', '
Q: Who was the third to last leader before the end of the Mexican Revolution?
A: Adolfo de la Huerta']
In 1980 half of all the industrial jobs in Mexico were located in Mexico City. Under relentless growth, the Mexico City government could barely keep up with services. Villagers from the countryside who continued to pour into the city to escape poverty only compounded the city's problems. With no housing available, they took over lands surrounding the city, creating huge shantytowns that extended for many miles. This caused serious air pollution in Mexico City and water pollution problems, as well as subsidence due to overextraction of groundwater. Air and water pollution has been contained and improved in several areas due to government programs, the renovation of vehicles and the modernization of public transportation.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many of the industrial jobs in the county were based in Mexico City in the late 20th century?
A: half', '
Q: What did the countryside workers make to live in? 
A: shantytowns', '
Q: What did the shantytowns create?
A: serious air pollution']
On Thursday, September 19, 1985, at 7:19 am local time, Mexico City was struck by an earthquake of magnitude 8.1 on the Richter scale. Although this earthquake was not as deadly or destructive as many similar events in Asia and other parts of Latin America, it proved to be a disaster politically for the one-party government. The government was paralyzed by its own bureaucracy and corruption, forcing ordinary citizens to create and direct their own rescue efforts and to reconstruct much of the housing that was lost as well.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What day of the week did the major earthquake strike Mexico City?
A: Thursday', '
Q: How strong was the powerful earthquake that hit Mexico City in 1985?
A: 8.1 on the Richter scale', '
Q: What month did the 8.1 earthquake hit Mexico City in 1985?
A: September', '
Q: Why did the one-party government struggle after the major earthquake in 1985?
A: paralyzed by its own bureaucracy and corruption', '
Q: Who led the rescue effort after the earthquake of 1985?
A: ordinary citizens']
Mexico City is located in the Valley of Mexico, sometimes called the Basin of Mexico. This valley is located in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt in the high plateaus of south-central Mexico. It has a minimum altitude of 2,200 meters (7,200 feet) above sea level and is surrounded by mountains and volcanoes that reach elevations of over 5,000 metres (16,000 feet). This valley has no natural drainage outlet for the waters that flow from the mountainsides, making the city vulnerable to flooding. Drainage was engineered through the use of canals and tunnels starting in the 17th century.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the minimum height in meters of the region Mexico City is located in?
A: 2,200', '
Q: Where is Mexico City located?
A: Valley of Mexico', "
Q: How high do the mountains get in Mexico City's region?
A: 5,000 metres (16,000 feet)", '
Q: Why is Mexico City vulnerable to flooding?
A: no natural drainage outlet for the waters that flow from the mountainsides', '
Q: How does the city prevent flooding?
A: canals and tunnels']
Mexico city primarily rests on what was Lake Texcoco. Seismic activity is frequent here. Lake Texcoco was drained starting from the 17th century. Although none of the lake waters remain, the city rests on the lake bed's heavily saturated clay. This soft base is collapsing due to the over-extraction of groundwater, called groundwater-related subsidence. Since the beginning of the 20th century the city has sunk as much as nine metres (30 feet) in some areas. This sinking is causing problems with runoff and wastewater management, leading to flooding problems, especially during the rainy season. The entire lake bed is now paved over and most of the city's remaining forested areas lie in the southern boroughs of Milpa Alta, Tlalpan and Xochimilco.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did draining of Lake Texcoco begin?
A: 17th century', '
Q: How much water is there, approximately, in the lake Mexico City is on?
A: none', '
Q: How much has the city fallen?
A: as much as nine metres (30 feet)', '
Q: What does Mexico City rest on?
A: Lake Texcoco', '
Q: Where are most of the trees located in Mexico City?
A: southern boroughs']
The area receives about 820 millimetres (32.3 in) of annual rainfall, which is concentrated from June through September/October with little or no precipitation the remainder of the year. The area has two main seasons. The rainy season runs from June to October when winds bring in tropical moisture from the sea. The dry season runs from November to May, when the air is relatively drier. This dry season subdivides into a cold period and a warm period. The cold period spans from November to February when polar air masses push down from the north and keep the air fairly dry. The warm period extends from March to May when tropical winds again dominate but do not yet carry enough moisture for rain.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How much rain falls on Mexico City?
A: 820 millimetres (32.3 in)', '
Q: When is it warm, yet does not rain?
A: March to May', '
Q: When does the majority of the rain fall in Mexico City?
A: June to October', '
Q: When is it coldest in Mexico City?
A: November to February', '
Q: What mostly controls the rain in Mexico City?
A: tropical winds']
Originally much of the valley laid beneath the waters of Lake Texcoco, a system of interconnected salt and freshwater lakes. The Aztecs built dikes to separate the fresh water used to raise crops in chinampas and to prevent recurrent floods. These dikes were destroyed during the siege of Tenochtitlan, and during colonial times the Spanish regularly drained the lake to prevent floods. Only a small section of the original lake remains, located outside the Federal District, in the municipality of Atenco, State of Mexico.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What happened to the dikes the Aztecs built?
A: destroyed during the siege of Tenochtitlan', '
Q: Where does the lake still remain?
A: municipality of Atenco, State of Mexico', '
Q: Who first built the dikes in Lake Texcoco?
A: The Aztecs', '
Q: What made up Lake Texcoco?
A: a system of interconnected salt and freshwater lakes', '
Q: Where is the lake located in Atenco?
A: Federal District']
By the 1990s Mexico City had become infamous as one of the world's most polluted cities; however the city has become a model for dramatically lowering pollution levels. By 2014 carbon monoxide pollution had dropped dramatically, while levels of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were nearly three times lower than in 1992. The levels of signature pollutants in Mexico City are similar to those of Los Angeles.[citation needed] Despite the cleanup, the metropolitan area is still the most ozone-polluted part of the country, with ozone levels 2.5 times beyond WHO-defined safe limits.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How bad is the ozone in Mexico City?
A: 2.5 times beyond WHO-defined safe limits', '
Q: Carbon Monoxide levels are about 3 times lower now than in what year?
A: 1992', '
Q: What city is similar to Mexico City in terms of pollution?
A: Los Angeles', '
Q: When Mexico one of the worst cities in terms of pollution? 
A: 1990s', '
Q: Who decides safe levels of o-zone in cities?
A: WHO']
To clean up pollution, the federal and local governments implemented numerous plans including the constant monitoring and reporting of environmental conditions, such as ozone and nitrogen oxides. When the levels of these two pollutants reached critical levels, contingency actions were implemented which included closing factories, changing school hours, and extending the A day without a car program to two days of the week. The government also instituted industrial technology improvements, a strict biannual vehicle emission inspection and the reformulation of gasoline and diesel fuels. The introduction of Metrobús bus rapid transit and the Ecobici bike-sharing were among efforts to encourage alternate, greener forms of transportation.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the bus system called in Mexico City?
A: Metrobús', '
Q: What is the bike-sharing program called in Mexico City?
A: Ecobici', '
Q: How many days a week does the city encourage people to go without a car?
A: two days', '
Q: What pollutants does the city closely monitor?
A: ozone and nitrogen oxides', '
Q: How often do citizens need to get their cars examined?
A: biannual']
The Acta Constitutiva de la Federación of January 31, 1824, and the Federal Constitution of October 4, 1824, fixed the political and administrative organization of the United Mexican States after the Mexican War of Independence. In addition, Section XXVIII of Article 50 gave the new Congress the right to choose where the federal government would be located. This location would then be appropriated as federal land, with the federal government acting as the local authority. The two main candidates to become the capital were Mexico City and Querétaro.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the other city in the running to become capital of Mexico?
A: Querétaro', '
Q: What part of the constitution established the right to create a capital city?
A: Section XXVIII of Article 50', '
Q: When was the federal constitution signed? 
A: October 4, 1824', '
Q: What type of land is Mexico City?
A: federal', '
Q: Who is in charge of the land of Mexico City according to the original constitution?
A: federal government']
Due in large part to the persuasion of representative Servando Teresa de Mier, Mexico City was chosen because it was the center of the country's population and history, even though Querétaro was closer to the center geographically. The choice was official on November 18, 1824, and Congress delineated a surface area of two leagues square (8,800 acres) centered on the Zocalo. This area was then separated from the State of Mexico, forcing that state's government to move from the Palace of the Inquisition (now Museum of Mexican Medicine) in the city to Texcoco. This area did not include the population centers of the towns of Coyoacán, Xochimilco, Mexicaltzingo and Tlalpan, all of which remained as part of the State of Mexico.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was Mexico City declared the capital?
A: November 18, 1824', '
Q: How large was the area the federal government would proclaim to be the capital?
A: two leagues square (8,800 acres)', '
Q: Where was the state government located when Mexico City was declared the capital?
A: Palace of the Inquisition', '
Q: What is the Palace of the Inquisition known as now?
A: Museum of Mexican Medicine', '
Q: Where was the government of Mexico City moved to at the time it was declared capital of Mexico?
A: Texcoco']
In 1854 president Antonio López de Santa Anna enlarged the area of the Federal District almost eightfold from the original 220 to 1,700 km2 (80 to 660 sq mi), annexing the rural and mountainous areas to secure the strategic mountain passes to the south and southwest to protect the city in event of a foreign invasion. (The Mexican–American War had just been fought.) The last changes to the limits of the Federal District were made between 1898 and 1902, reducing the area to the current 1,479 km2 (571 sq mi) by adjusting the southern border with the state of Morelos. By that time, the total number of municipalities within the Federal District was twenty-two.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many smaller cities did Mexico City make up at its height?
A: twenty-two', '
Q: What is the current area of Mexico City?
A: 1,479 km2 (571 sq mi)', '
Q: How large was Mexico City at its largest?
A: 1,700 km2', '
Q: When was the boundaries of the city last adjusted? 
A: 1902', "
Q: Who increased the size of Mexico City to it's largest?
A: Antonio López de Santa Anna"]
While the Federal District was ruled by the federal government through an appointed governor, the municipalities within it were autonomous, and this duality of powers created tension between the municipalities and the federal government for more than a century. In 1903, Porfirio Díaz largely reduced the powers of the municipalities within the Federal District. Eventually, in December 1928, the federal government decided to abolish all the municipalities of the Federal District. In place of the municipalities, the Federal District was divided into one "Central Department" and 13 delegaciones (boroughs) administered directly by the government of the Federal District. The Central Department was integrated by the former municipalities of Mexico City, Tacuba, Tacubaya and Mixcoac.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When were the powers of the municipalities of Mexico City first reduced?
A: 1903', '
Q: When was the autonomy of the municipalities eliminated?
A: 1928', '
Q: How many boroughs did the city consist of when they were first established? 
A: 13', '
Q: Who first reduced the power of the municipalities of Mexico City?
A: Porfirio Díaz', '
Q: Who led Mexico City?
A: an appointed governor']
In 1941, the General Anaya borough was merged to the Central Department, which was then renamed "Mexico City" (thus reviving the name, but not the autonomous municipality). From 1941 to 1970, the Federal District comprised twelve delegaciones and Mexico City. In 1970 Mexico City was split into four different delegaciones: Cuauhtémoc, Miguel Hidalgo, Venustiano Carranza and Benito Juárez, increasing the number of delegaciones to sixteen. Since then, in a de facto manner, the whole Federal District, whose delegaciones had by then almost formed a single urban area, began to be considered a synonym of Mexico City.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was the General Anaya borough officially merged into Mexico City?
A: 1941', '
Q: How man boroughs was the borough of Mexico City split into in 1970?
A: four', '
Q: How many districts does the federal government control in 1970?
A: sixteen', '
Q: Which boroughs was the Mexico City borough split into?
A: Cuauhtémoc, Miguel Hidalgo, Venustiano Carranza and Benito Juárez']
Mexico City, being the seat of the powers of the Union, did not belong to any particular state but to all. Therefore, it was the president, representing the federation, who used to designate the head of government of the Federal District, a position which is sometimes presented outside Mexico as the "Mayor" of Mexico City.[citation needed] In the 1980s, given the dramatic increase in population of the previous decades, the inherent political inconsistencies of the system, as well as the dissatisfaction with the inadequate response of the federal government after the 1985 earthquake, residents began to request political and administrative autonomy to manage their local affairs.[citation needed] Some political groups even proposed that the Federal District be converted into the 32nd state of the federation.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: If Mexico City was declared a state, how many states would be in the federation?
A: 32', '
Q: What event caused the citizens to reconsider how the government of Mexico City was set up?
A: the 1985 earthquake', '
Q: What do people call the leader of Mexico City?
A: Mayor', '
Q: Who declared the "Mayor" of Mexico City?
A: the president', '
Q: What state does Mexico City belong to?
A: all']
In response to the demands, in 1987 the Federal District received a greater degree of autonomy, with the elaboration the first Statute of Government (Estatuto de Gobierno), and the creation of an Assembly of Representatives.[citation needed] In the 1990s, this autonomy was further expanded and, starting from 1997, residents can directly elect the head of government of the Federal District and the representatives of a unicameral Legislative Assembly (which succeeded the previous Assembly) by popular vote.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did the Federal District receive more power? 
A: 1987', '
Q: When did citizens receive the right to elect the head of the Federal District?
A: 1997', '
Q: How is the leader of Mexico City now established?
A: popular vote', '
Q: What gave the Federal District more autonomy? 
A: first Statute of Government']
The first elected head of government was Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas. Cárdenas resigned in 1999 to run in the 2000 presidential elections and designated Rosario Robles to succeed him, who became the first woman (elected or otherwise) to govern Mexico City. In 2000 Andrés Manuel López Obrador was elected, and resigned in 2005 to run in the 2006 presidential elections, Alejandro Encinas being designated by the Legislative Assembly to finish the term. In 2006, Marcelo Ebrard was elected for the 2006–2012 period.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was elected to be the head of government in 2006?
A: Marcelo Ebrard', '
Q: Why did the first elected head of government of Mexico City resign?
A: to run in the 2000 presidential elections', '
Q: Who was the second head of government elected?
A: Andrés Manuel López Obrador', '
Q: Who was head of government after the first elected head of government?
A: Rosario Robles', '
Q: Who was the first woman to run Mexico City?
A: Rosario Robles']
The Legislative Assembly of the Federal District is formed, as it is the case in all legislatures in Mexico, by both single-seat and proportional seats, making it a system of parallel voting. The Federal District is divided into 40 electoral constituencies of similar population which elect one representative by first-past-the-post plurality (FPP), locally called "uninominal deputies". The Federal District as a whole constitutes a single constituency for the parallel election of 26 representatives by proportionality (PR) with open-party lists, locally called "plurinominal deputies".

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the local government of Mexico City called?
A: The Legislative Assembly of the Federal District', '
Q: How is the local government of Mexico City formed?
A: parallel voting', '
Q: What is the proportionality voting referred to in Mexico City?
A: plurinominal deputies', '
Q: How many representatives make up the Federal District?
A: 26']
Even though proportionality is confined to the proportional seats to prevent a part from being overrepresented, several restrictions apply in the assignation of the seats; namely, that no party can have more than 63% of all seats, both uninominal and plurinominal. In the 2006 elections leftist PRD got the absolute majority in the direct uninominal elections, securing 34 of the 40 FPP seats. As such, the PRD was not assigned any plurinominal seat to comply with the law that prevents over-representation. The overall composition of the Legislative Assembly is:

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the maximum percentage of seats a single party can control?
A: 63', '
Q: How many seats of the uninominal elections did the PRD get in the 2006 elections?
A: 34', '
Q: Why does the government prevent more than 63% of a party to control the legislature? 
A: over-representation']
The politics pursued by the administrations of heads of government in Mexico City since the second half of the 20th century have usually been more liberal than those of the rest of the country, whether with the support of the federal government—as was the case with the approval of several comprehensive environmental laws in the 1980s—or through laws recently approved by the Legislative Assembly. In April of the same year, the Legislative Assembly expanded provisions on abortions, becoming the first federal entity to expand abortion in Mexico beyond cases of rape and economic reasons, to permit it regardless of the reason should the mother request it before the twelfth week of pregnancy. In December 2009, the Federal District became the first city in Latin America, and one of very few in the world, to legalize same-sex marriage.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was gay marriage legalized in Mexico City?
A: December 2009', '
Q: When were the economic laws passed in Mexico City?
A: 1980s', '
Q: What political leaning does Mexico City take?
A: more liberal than those of the rest of the country', '
Q: Compared to other cities in Latin America, how early did Mexico City legalize same sex marriage?
A: first']
For administrative purposes, the Federal District is divided into 16 "delegaciones" or boroughs. While not fully equivalent to a municipality, the 16 boroughs have gained significant autonomy, and since 2000 their heads of government are elected directly by plurality (they were previously appointed by the head of government of the Federal District). Given that Mexico City is organized entirely as a Federal District, most of the city services are provided or organized by the Government of the Federal District and not by the boroughs themselves, while in the constituent states these services would be provided by the municipalities. The 16 boroughs of the Federal District with their 2010 populations are:

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many boroughs make up Mexico City?
A: 16', '
Q: How are the heads of the boroughs elected?
A: plurality', '
Q: How were the heads of the boroughs originally established? 
A: appointed by the head of government of the Federal District', '
Q: Who provides the city services?
A: Government of the Federal District', '
Q: When did election of borough heads begin?
A: 2000']