romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
In Latin America, the show is broadcast and subtitled by Sony Entertainment Television. In southeast Asia, it is broadcast by STAR World every Thursday and Friday nine or ten hours after. In Philippines, it is aired every Thursday and Friday nine or ten hours after its United States telecast; from 2002 to 2007 on ABC 5; 2008–11 on QTV, then GMA News TV; and since 2012 on ETC. On Philippine television history. In Australia, it is aired a few hours after the U.S. telecast. It was aired on Network Ten from 2002 to 2007 and then again in 2013, from 2008 to 2012 on Fox8, from season 13 onwards it airs on digital channel, Eleven, a sister channel to Network Ten. In the United Kingdom, episodes are aired one day after the U.S. broadcast on digital channel ITV2. As of season 12, the episodes air on 5*. It is also aired in Ireland on TV3 two days after the telecast. In Brazil and Israel, the show airs two days after its original broadcast. In the instances where the airing is delayed, the shows may sometimes be combined into one episode to summarize the results. In Italy, the twelfth season was broadcast by La3.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What network in Italy aired American Idol in season twelve? 
A: La3', '
Q: How many days does someone in the United Kingdom have to wait to watch American Idol after its original broadcast? 
A: one', '
Q: What television network in Asia shows American Idol? 
A: STAR World', '
Q: On what days of the week does American Idol air in the Philippines? 
A: Thursday and Friday', '
Q: Who broadcasts Idol in southeast Asia?
A: STAR World', '
Q: Who broadcast the 12th season in Italy?
A: La3']
Individual contestants have generated controversy in this competition for their past actions, or for being 'ringers' planted by the producers. A number of contestants had been disqualified for various reasons, such as for having an existing contract or undisclosed criminal records, although the show had been accused of double standard for disqualifying some but not others.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Producers have been accused of planting what within the show?
A: ringers']
Seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode) of American Idol. It holds the distinction of having the longest winning streak in the Nielsen annual television ratings; it became the highest-rated of all television programs in the United States overall for an unprecedented seven consecutive years, or eight consecutive (and total) years when either its performance or result show was ranked number one overall.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many consecutive years was American Idol the top rated show?
A: seven', '
Q: How many consecutive years did either the performance or results show rank number one?
A: eight']
The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is a domesticated canid which has been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the three word Latin name for domesticated dogs?
A: Canis lupus familiaris', '
Q: What is Canis familiaris?
A: domestic dog', '
Q: How long has the domestic dog been selectively bred?
A: millennia', '
Q: Along with various behaviors and physical attributes, what were domestic dogs bred for?
A: sensory capabilities']
Although initially thought to have originated as a manmade variant of an extant canid species (variously supposed as being the dhole, golden jackal, or gray wolf), extensive genetic studies undertaken during the 2010s indicate that dogs diverged from an extinct wolf-like canid in Eurasia 40,000 years ago. Being the oldest domesticated animal, their long association with people has allowed dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior, as well as thrive on a starch-rich diet which would be inadequate for other canid species.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What decade had significant studies of dog genes to determine origins?
A: 2010s', "
Q: Testing revealed today's dogs trace back by how many years?
A: 40,000", '
Q: What is the region where domesticated dogs ancestry traces to?
A: Eurasia', '
Q: What type of diet can modern domesticated dogs thrive eating that other dogs cannot?
A: starch-rich', '
Q: What was undertaken in 2010 to determine where dogs originated from?
A: extensive genetic studies']
Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human society has given them the nickname "man's best friend" in the Western world. In some cultures, however, dogs are a source of meat.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is the most common phrase, or nickname, used by people in the United States to describe dogs in general?
A: man's best friend", "
Q: What moniker has been given to dogs in Western cultures?
A: man's best friend", '
Q: Dogs are a source of what in some cultures?
A: meat']
The term "domestic dog" is generally used for both of the domesticated and feral varieties. The English word dog comes from Middle English dogge, from Old English docga, a "powerful dog breed". The term may possibly derive from Proto-Germanic *dukkōn, represented in Old English finger-docce ("finger-muscle"). The word also shows the familiar petname diminutive -ga also seen in frogga "frog", picga "pig", stagga "stag", wicga "beetle, worm", among others. The term dog may ultimately derive from the earliest layer of Proto-Indo-European vocabulary.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the Proto-Germanic word that "dog" may have come from?
A: dukkōn', '
Q: What may be the earliest vocabulary that the word "dog" came from?
A: Proto-Indo-European', '
Q: Where does the word dog originate?
A: Old English docga', '
Q: Dog could also come from the original layer of what vocabulary?
A: Proto-Indo-European']
In 14th-century England, hound (from Old English: hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype of hound, a group including the mastiff. It is believed this "dog" type was so common, it eventually became the prototype of the category "hound". By the 16th century, dog had become the general word, and hound had begun to refer only to types used for hunting. The word "hound" is ultimately derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *kwon- "dog".

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the common 14th-century word for dogs for those who spoke English?
A: hound', '
Q: What breed was so prolific it became a prototype of hound?
A: mastiff.', '
Q: In what century did "hound" start to only apply to hunting dogs?
A: 16th', '
Q: What was the common term for all domesticated dogs in England during the 14th century?
A: hound', '
Q: When did the word dog become the common term for canines?
A: 16th century', '
Q: Hound became the term for dogs who did what activity during this time?
A: hunting', '
Q: What Proto-Indo-European word is hound from?
A: *kwon- "dog"']
In breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in general, called pups or puppies, from French poupée, until they are about a year old. The process of birth is whelping, from the Old English word hwelp.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are a single birth group of puppies of a dog called collectively?
A: a litter.', '
Q: What is the male who is father of the pups called?
A: sire', '
Q: What is the French word that "puppy" comes from?
A: poupée', '
Q: What is giving birth to dogs called?
A: whelping', '
Q: What is the English word for female dog that has also become profanity?
A: bitch', '
Q: A male canine is called a dog while a female canine is called a what in reference to breeding?
A: bitch', '
Q: What are canine offspring referred as?
A: litter', '
Q: What is the father of a litter referred as?
A: sire', '
Q: What is the mother of a litter referred as?
A: dam', '
Q: What are the individual litter canines called?
A: pups']
In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means "Dog-family" or the family dog. On the next page he recorded the wolf as Canis lupus, which means "Dog-wolf". In 1978, a review aimed at reducing the number of recognized Canis species proposed that "Canis dingo is now generally regarded as a distinctive feral domestic dog. Canis familiaris is used for domestic dogs, although taxonomically it should probably be synonymous with Canis lupus." In 1982, the first edition of Mammal Species of the World listed Canis familiaris under Canis lupus with the comment: "Probably ancestor of and conspecific with the domestic dog, familiaris. Canis familiaris has page priority over Canis lupus, but both were published simultaneously in Linnaeus (1758), and Canis lupus has been universally used for this species", which avoided classifying the wolf as the family dog. The dog is now listed among the many other Latin-named subspecies of Canis lupus as Canis lupus familiaris.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the Latin term for "dog.?"
A: Canis', '
Q: What year are dogs first listed in Systema Naturae?
A: 1758', '
Q: Who published Systema Naturae?
A: Linnaeus', '
Q: What is the modern single English word for Canis lupus?
A: wolf', '
Q: What 1982 publication listed regular family dogs under wolves?
A: Mammal Species of the World', '
Q: What is the Latin word for dog?
A: Canis', '
Q: Canis familiaris is the classification for dogs, and is known as what?
A: family dog', '
Q: What is the Latin name for a wolf?
A: Canis lupus', '
Q: Feral dogs have what Latin classification?
A: Canis dingo', '
Q: What year was Canis familiaris listed under Canis lupus?
A: 1982']
In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the note: "Includes the domestic dog as a subspecies, with the dingo provisionally separate - artificial variants created by domestication and selective breeding". However, Canis familiaris is sometimes used due to an ongoing nomenclature debate because wild and domestic animals are separately recognizable entities and that the ICZN allowed users a choice as to which name they could use, and a number of internationally recognized researchers prefer to use Canis familiaris.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year was it decided that if wolves and dogs were one species, then their scientific name is the name of the wild variety?
A: 2003', '
Q: What 2005 publication in its third edition kept to that ruling?
A: Mammal Species of the World', '
Q: What Latin dog term is still used because wild and domesticated dogs are recognizably different?
A: Canis familiaris.', '
Q: What official body recognizes both Canis lupus and Canis familiaris?
A: ICZN', '
Q: Many researchers prefer what term?
A: Canis familiaris.', '
Q: Who ruled in 2003 that scientific names for wild animals share the same scientific name as their domestic counterparts?
A: ICZN', '
Q: What was this decision called?
A: Opinion 2027']
Later genetic studies strongly supported dogs and gray wolves forming two sister monophyletic clades within the one species, and that the common ancestor of dogs and extant wolves is extinct.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What indicated dogs and gray wolves developed as two monophyletic clades?
A: genetic studies', '
Q: The common relative of dogs and existing wolves is now considered what?
A: extinct.']
The origin of the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is not clear. Whole genome sequencing indicates that the dog, the gray wolf and the extinct Taymyr wolf diverged at around the same time 27,000–40,000 years ago. These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter-gatherers and not agriculturists. Modern dogs are more closely related to ancient wolf fossils that have been found in Europe than they are to modern gray wolves. Nearly all dog breeds' genetic closeness to the gray wolf are due to admixture, except several Arctic dog breeds are close to the Taimyr wolf of North Asia due to admixture.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Modern dogs likely began when human beings were considered to be what?
A: hunter-gatherers', '
Q: Due to admixture, what species are many Arctic dogs related to?
A: Taimyr wolf of North Asia', '
Q: Rather than with agriculturists, dogs seemingly were during the time of who?
A: human hunter-gatherers', '
Q: Most breeds share a genetic likeness to what animal?
A: gray wolf', '
Q: Some Arctic breeds are more like what wolf rather than the gray wolf?
A: Taimyr']
Domestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the dog has powerful muscles, fused wrist bones, a cardiovascular system that supports both sprinting and endurance, and teeth for catching and tearing.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What species shows more difference in size, looks and actions than any other?
A: Modern dog breeds', '
Q: What are dog teeth best suited for?
A: catching and tearing.', '
Q: Dogs are considered to be predators and what else?
A: scavengers', '
Q: What bones in dog legs are fused?
A: wrist', "
Q: A dog's heart and vascular ability if best suited for sprinting and what else?
A: endurance", "
Q: What are a dog's teeth mainly used for?
A: catching and tearing", '
Q: Dogs originated as predators and what?
A: scavengers']
Dogs are highly variable in height and weight. The smallest known adult dog was a Yorkshire Terrier, that stood only 6.3 cm (2.5 in) at the shoulder, 9.5 cm (3.7 in) in length along the head-and-body, and weighed only 113 grams (4.0 oz). The largest known dog was an English Mastiff which weighed 155.6 kg (343 lb) and was 250 cm (98 in) from the snout to the tail. The tallest dog is a Great Dane that stands 106.7 cm (42.0 in) at the shoulder.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Dogs show an extreme range in what two characteristics?
A: height and weight.', '
Q: What breed was the largest dog known to have lived?
A: English Mastiff', '
Q: What is the biggest known dog?
A: English Mastiff']
The coats of domestic dogs are of two varieties: "double" being common with dogs (as well as wolves) originating from colder climates, made up of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair, or "single", with the topcoat only.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which coat is more common with dogs living in colder climates?
A: double', '
Q: Along with a gruff guard hair, what else makes up the double coat?
A: soft down hair', '
Q: What is the more common coat for dogs from colder climates?
A: double', '
Q: What is a single coat?
A: topcoat only']
Domestic dogs often display the remnants of countershading, a common natural camouflage pattern. A countershaded animal will have dark coloring on its upper surfaces and light coloring below, which reduces its general visibility. Thus, many breeds will have an occasional "blaze", stripe, or "star" of white fur on their chest or underside.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When a dog has a camouflage pattern on its coat, this is called what?
A: countershading', '
Q: A dog with countershading has dark coloring where?
A: upper surfaces', '
Q: A natural camo pattern is known as what?
A: countershading', '
Q: What color is on a dogs upper surfaces if it has countershading?
A: dark coloring', '
Q: What is reduced when a dog has countershading?
A: visibility']
There are many different shapes for dog tails: straight, straight up, sickle, curled, or cork-screw. As with many canids, one of the primary functions of a dog's tail is to communicate their emotional state, which can be important in getting along with others. In some hunting dogs, however, the tail is traditionally docked to avoid injuries. In some breeds, such as the Braque du Bourbonnais, puppies can be born with a short tail or no tail at all.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What part of a dog can be straight, curly or cork-screwed?
A: tails', '
Q: What does a dog communicate with its tail?
A: emotional state', '
Q: What part of a dog can be straight, curled, or cork-screwed?
A: tails']
Some breeds of dogs are prone to certain genetic ailments such as elbow and hip dysplasia, blindness, deafness, pulmonic stenosis, cleft palate, and trick knees. Two serious medical conditions particularly affecting dogs are pyometra, affecting unspayed females of all types and ages, and bloat, which affects the larger breeds or deep-chested dogs. Both of these are acute conditions, and can kill rapidly. Dogs are also susceptible to parasites such as fleas, ticks, and mites, as well as hookworms, tapeworms, roundworms, and heartworms.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are some dogs prone to?
A: genetic ailments', '
Q: What are all dogs susceptible to?
A: parasites', '
Q: Pyometra usually affects what type of female dog?
A: unspayed', '
Q: Who does pyometra affect?
A: unspayed females', '
Q: What are fleas, ticks and mites called?
A: parasites']
A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine in tobacco can also be dangerous. Dogs can get it by scavenging in garbage or ashtrays; eating cigars and cigarettes. Signs can be vomiting of large amounts (e.g., from eating cigar butts) or diarrhea. Some other signs are abdominal pain, loss of coordination, collapse, or death. Dogs are highly susceptible to theobromine poisoning, typically from ingestion of chocolate. Theobromine is toxic to dogs because, although the dog's metabolism is capable of breaking down the chemical, the process is so slow that even small amounts of chocolate can be fatal, especially dark chocolate.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Some foods that are okay for people to eat are what to dogs?
A: toxic', '
Q: Grapes, raisins, onions, garlic and what common sugar alcohol (sweetener) is toxic to dogs?
A: xylitol', '
Q: What type of nut is poisonous to dogs?
A: macadamia', '
Q: What is the chemical in chocolate that is poisonous to dogs?
A: theobromine', '
Q: Some human foods can be what to dogs?
A: toxic', '
Q: What in tobacco can hurt dogs?
A: nicotine', '
Q: What form of chocolate is especially toxic to dogs?
A: dark']
In 2013, a study found that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds, and that increasing body-weight was negatively correlated with longevity (i.e. the heavier the dog the shorter its lifespan).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Mutts, dogs that have several breed characteristics, live how much longer than purebred dogs?
A: 1.2 years', '
Q: Do bigger dogs typically have longer or shorter lives?
A: shorter', '
Q: When was a study done that discovered mixed breeds tend to live longer than pure breeds?
A: 2013', '
Q: Typically, how much longer do mixed breeds live?
A: 1.2 years longer']
The typical lifespan of dogs varies widely among breeds, but for most the median longevity, the age at which half the dogs in a population have died and half are still alive, ranges from 10 to 13 years. Individual dogs may live well beyond the median of their breed.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the median lifespan of canines?
A: 10 to 13 years.']
The breed with the shortest lifespan (among breeds for which there is a questionnaire survey with a reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years, but several breeds, including Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds are nearly as short-lived, with median longevities of 6 to 7 years.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the canine breed with shortest median lifespan?
A: Dogue de Bordeaux', '
Q: What is the median length of life for the canine breed that lives the least amount of years?
A: 5.2 years', '
Q: What is the average lifespan of an Irish Wolfhound?
A: 6 to 7 years.', '
Q: Which dog has the shortest lifespan?
A: Dogue de Bordeaux', '
Q: What is the average lifespan for a Dogue de Borddeaux?
A: 5.2 years']
The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The dog widely reported to be the longest-lived is "Bluey", who died in 1939 and was claimed to be 29.5 years old at the time of his death. On 5 December 2011, Pusuke, the world's oldest living dog recognized by Guinness Book of World Records, died aged 26 years and 9 months.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the average length of years of life for canines with long lifespans?
A: 14 to 15 years.', '
Q: What is the name of the canine that is reported to have lived the longest?
A: Bluey', '
Q: What is the name of the dog in the Guinness Book of World Records for longest lived?
A: Pusuke', '
Q: What year did the dog die that is reported to be the longest lived but not officially in a record book?
A: 1939', '
Q: What was the name of the dog who lived to be 29.5 years?
A: Bluey', '
Q: When did Bluey die?
A: 1939', '
Q: Who did the Guinness Book of World Records say was the oldest dog in 2011?
A: Pusuke']
In domestic dogs, sexual maturity begins to happen around age six to twelve months for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years old for some large breeds. This is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle. They will experience subsequent estrous cycles biannually, during which the body prepares for pregnancy. At the peak of the cycle, females will come into estrus, being mentally and physically receptive to copulation. Because the ova survive and are capable of being fertilized for a week after ovulation, it is possible for a female to mate with more than one male.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many times per year do female dogs go into heat?
A: two', '
Q: What does going into heat (estrous) prepare a female dog for?
A: pregnancy.', '
Q: Some larger breeds could take how long to become sexually mature?
A: two years', '
Q: What does a female dog experience at sexual maturity?
A: first estrous cycle']
Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization, with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary. An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog. In general, toy dogs produce from one to four puppies in each litter, while much larger breeds may average as many as twelve.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How long do female dogs carry before delivering puppies?
A: 58 to 68 days', '
Q: What is the average length of dog pregnancy?
A: 63 days', '
Q: What is the average number of pups in a litter?
A: about six', '
Q: For small dogs, what is the average number of pups in a litter?
A: one to four', '
Q: What is the average for a dog to bear her litter?
A: 63 days', '
Q: What is the average number of pups per litter?
A: six', '
Q: Smaller dogs tend to have how many pups per litter?
A: one to four']