romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
On November 4, 1979, a group of students seized the United States Embassy and took the embassy with 52 personnel and citizens hostage, after the United States refused to return Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Iran to face trial in the court of the new regime. Attempts by the Jimmy Carter administration to negotiate for the release of the hostages, and a failed rescue attempt, helped force Carter out of office and brought Ronald Reagan to power. On Jimmy Carter's final day in office, the last hostages were finally set free as a result of the Algiers Accords.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who seized the US Embassy in Iran in 1979?
A: a group of students', '
Q: When was the US Embassy in Iran seized?
A: November 4, 1979', '
Q: ALl of the hostages were completely freed as the result of what treaty?
A: Algiers Accords', "
Q: Who won the 1980 US Presidential Elections after President Carter's repeated failed attempts to resolve the US Iranian Embassy situation? 
A: Ronald Reagan", '
Q: How many hostages were taken in the US Embassy seizure?
A: 52 personnel and citizens']
On September 22, 1980, the Iraqi army invaded the Iranian Khuzestan, and the Iran–Iraq War began. Although the forces of Saddam Hussein made several early advances, by mid 1982, the Iranian forces successfully managed to drive the Iraqi army back into Iraq. In July 1982, with Iraq thrown on the defensive, Iran took the decision to invade Iraq and conducted countless offensives in a bid to conquer Iraqi territory and capture cities, such as Basra. The war continued until 1988, when the Iraqi army defeated the Iranian forces inside Iraq and pushed the remaining Iranian troops back across the border. Subsequently, Khomeini accepted a truce mediated by the UN. The total Iranian casualties in the war were estimated to be 123,220–160,000 KIA, 60,711 MIA, and 11,000–16,000 civilians killed.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who invaded Iran in 1980?
A: the Iraqi army', '
Q: When did the Iranian army push the Iraqis back into Iraq? 
A: mid 1982', '
Q: Who mediated the truce which ended the Iran-Iraq War?
A: the UN', '
Q: When did the Iran-Iraq War finally end?
A: 1988', '
Q: How many civilians in Iran were killed during the Iran-Iraq War?
A: 11,000–16,000']
Iran has an area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi). Iran lies between latitudes 24° and 40° N, and longitudes 44° and 64° E. Its borders are with Azerbaijan (611 km or 380 mi, with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave, 179 km or 111 mi) and Armenia (35 km or 22 mi) to the north-west; the Caspian Sea to the north; Turkmenistan (992 km or 616 mi) to the north-east; Pakistan (909 km or 565 mi) and Afghanistan (936 km or 582 mi) to the east; Turkey (499 km or 310 mi) and Iraq (1,458 km or 906 mi) to the west; and finally the waters of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to the south.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What latitudes does Iran lie between?
A: 24° and 40° N', '
Q: What is the size of Iran?
A: 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi)', '
Q: Where does Iran border the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman?
A: to the south', '
Q: What longitudes does Iran lie between?
A: 44° and 64° E', '
Q: What does Iran border with to its north?
A: the Caspian Sea']
Iran consists of the Iranian Plateau with the exception of the coasts of the Caspian Sea and Khuzestan Province. It is one of the world's most mountainous countries, its landscape dominated by rugged mountain ranges that separate various basins or plateaux from one another. The populous western part is the most mountainous, with ranges such as the Caucasus, Zagros and Alborz Mountains; the last contains Iran's highest point, Mount Damavand at 5,610 m (18,406 ft), which is also the highest mountain on the Eurasian landmass west of the Hindu Kush.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Iran's landscape is dominated by what geographical feature?
A: rugged mountain ranges", "
Q: What is Iran's highest mountain?
A: Mount Damavand", '
Q: How tall is Mount Damavand?
A: 5,610 m (18,406 ft)', '
Q: Mount Damavand is located in what range?
A: Alborz Mountains']
Iran's climate ranges from arid or semiarid, to subtropical along the Caspian coast and the northern forests. On the northern edge of the country (the Caspian coastal plain) temperatures rarely fall below freezing and the area remains humid for the rest of the year. Summer temperatures rarely exceed 29 °C (84.2 °F). Annual precipitation is 680 mm (26.8 in) in the eastern part of the plain and more than 1,700 mm (66.9 in) in the western part. United Nations Resident Coordinator for Iran Gary Lewis has said that "Water scarcity poses the most severe human security challenge in Iran today".

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Iran's climate along its Capsian coast and northen forests is?
A: subtropical", "
Q: During what season does Iran's northern region's temperatures never go higher than 29c?
A: Summer", "
Q: What is the annual precipitation in Iran's eastern plains?
A: 680 mm (26.8 in)", "
Q: What is the annual precipitation in Iran's western plains?
A: 1,700 mm (66.9 in)", '
Q: According to Gary Lewis of the UN, what is the most pressing human security challenge in Iran?
A: Water scarcity']
To the west, settlements in the Zagros basin experience lower temperatures, severe winters with below zero average daily temperatures and heavy snowfall. The eastern and central basins are arid, with less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain, and have occasional deserts. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 38 °C (100.4 °F). The coastal plains of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman in southern Iran have mild winters, and very humid and hot summers. The annual precipitation ranges from 135 to 355 mm (5.3 to 14.0 in).

Questions and answers:
["
Q: In Iran's western Zagros Basin, temperatures do not exceed what level during the summer?  
A: 38 °C (100.4 °F)", "
Q: In Iran's western Zagros Basin, what are the average daily temperatures during winter?
A: below zero", '
Q: The eastern and central basins of Iran experience how much annual precipitation?
A: less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain', "
Q: What is the coastal plains of Iran's annual precipitation ranges?
A: 135 to 355 mm (5.3 to 14.0 in)"]
At least 74 species of Iranian wildlife are on the red list of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, a sign of serious threats against the country’s biodiversity. The Iranian Parliament has been showing disregard for wildlife by passing laws and regulations such as the act that lets the Ministry of Industries and Mines exploit mines without the involvement of the Department of Environment, and by approving large national development projects without demanding comprehensive study of their impact on wildlife habitats.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: The Iranian Parliament does not demand environmental impact studies before approving what projects?
A: large national development projects', '
Q: How many species of Iranian wildlife are listed by the IUCN as endangered?
A: 74 species', '
Q: The Iranian Parliament lets who exploit mines without guidance from the Department of the Environment?
A: Ministry of Industries and Mines', '
Q: The Iranian Parliament passes legislation without the involvement of what department to the detriment of wildlife?
A: Department of Environment']
Shiraz, with a population of around 1.4 million (2011 census), is the sixth major city of Iran. It is the capital of Fars Province, and was also a former capital of Iran. The area was greatly influenced by the Babylonian civilization, and after the emergence of the ancient Persians, soon came to be known as Persis. Persians were present in the region since the 9th century BC, and became rulers of a large empire under the reign of the Achaemenid Dynasty in the 6th century BC. The ruins of Persepolis and Pasargadae, two of the four capitals of the Achaemenid Empire, are located around the modern-day city of Shiraz.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the sixth most populous city of Iran?
A: Shiraz', "
Q: What is Shiraz' population by the 2011 Census?
A: 1.4 million", '
Q: Shiraz is the capital of what Province?
A: Fars Province', '
Q: What ancient civilization has majorly influenced the Fars Province?
A: Babylonian civilization', '
Q: Persians have been in the Fars Province since what century?
A: 9th century BC']
The political system of the Islamic Republic is based on the 1979 Constitution, and comprises several intricately connected governing bodies. The Leader of the Revolution ("Supreme Leader") is responsible for delineation and supervision of the general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Supreme Leader is Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, controls the military intelligence and security operations, and has sole power to declare war or peace. The heads of the judiciary, state radio and television networks, the commanders of the police and military forces and six of the twelve members of the Guardian Council are appointed by the Supreme Leader. The Assembly of Experts elects and dismisses the Supreme Leader on the basis of qualifications and popular esteem.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: The Iranina Islamic Republic is based on what document?
A: the 1979 Constitution', '
Q: What is the Leader of the Revolution also known as?
A: Supreme Leader', '
Q: Who is the Commander in Chief of the Iranian Army?
A: The Supreme Leader', '
Q: The Supreme Leader appoints how many members of the Guardian Council?
A: six', '
Q: Who is responsible for electing and dismissing the Supreme Leader?
A: The Assembly of Experts']
The President is responsible for the implementation of the Constitution and for the exercise of executive powers, except for matters directly related to the Supreme Leader, who has the final say in all matters. The President appoints and supervises the Council of Ministers, coordinates government decisions, and selects government policies to be placed before the legislature. Eight Vice-Presidents serve under the President, as well as a cabinet of twenty-two ministers, who must all be approved by the legislature.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In Iran, who has the final say in all matters directly related to the Supreme Leader?
A: the Supreme Leader', '
Q: Who exercises exective powers in Iran?
A: The President', '
Q: The Council of Ministers is appointed and supervised by who?
A: The President', '
Q: How many Vice-Presidents serve under the President in Iran?
A: Eight', '
Q: The legislature approves the 8 vice presidents and how many cabinet members?
A: twenty-two']
The Guardian Council comprises twelve jurists including six appointed by the Supreme Leader. The others are elected by the Iranian Parliament from among the jurists nominated by the Head of the Judiciary. The Council interprets the constitution and may veto Parliament. If a law is deemed incompatible with the constitution or Sharia (Islamic law), it is referred back to Parliament for revision. The Expediency Council has the authority to mediate disputes between Parliament and the Guardian Council, and serves as an advisory body to the Supreme Leader, making it one of the most powerful governing bodies in the country. Local city councils are elected by public vote to four-year terms in all cities and villages of Iran.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many jurists are in the Guardian Council?
A: twelve jurists', '
Q: Who can veto Parliament?
A: The Guardian Council', '
Q: What Council acts as a mediator when there are disputes between the Parliament and the Guardian Council?
A: The Expediency Council', '
Q: How long are the terms of local city councils that are present in all Iranian cities and villages?
A: four-year terms', '
Q: Who is responsible for interpreting the Constitution?
A: The Guardian Council']
The Special Clerical Court handles crimes allegedly committed by clerics, although it has also taken on cases involving lay people. The Special Clerical Court functions independently of the regular judicial framework and is accountable only to the Supreme Leader. The Court's rulings are final and cannot be appealed. The Assembly of Experts, which meets for one week annually, comprises 86 "virtuous and learned" clerics elected by adult suffrage for eight-year terms. As with the presidential and parliamentary elections, the Guardian Council determines candidates' eligibility. The Assembly elects the Supreme Leader and has the constitutional authority to remove the Supreme Leader from power at any time. It has not challenged any of the Supreme Leader's decisions.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When crimes are committed by clerics, who handles the cases?
A: The Special Clerical Court', '
Q: The Special Clerical Court is accountable to only which body?
A: the Supreme Leader', '
Q: How often does the Assembly of Experts meet?
A: one week annually', '
Q: The Assembly of Experts has how many clerics?
A: 86', '
Q: Which body can remove the Supreme Leader at any time by constitutional right?
A: The Assembly of Experts']
Since 2005, Iran's nuclear program has become the subject of contention with the international community following earlier quotes of Iranian leadership favoring the use of an atomic bomb against Iran's enemies and in particular Israel. Many countries have expressed concern that Iran's nuclear program could divert civilian nuclear technology into a weapons program. This has led the UN Security Council to impose sanctions against Iran which had further isolated Iran politically and economically from the rest of the global community. In 2009, the US Director of National Intelligence said that Iran, if choosing to, would not be able to develop a nuclear weapon until 2013.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Iran's nuclear program has caused discord within the international community since when?
A: Since 2005", "
Q: Which country did Iran's leadership was quoted as being a possible target of its atomic weapons?  
A: Israel", "
Q: Who imposed sanctions against Iran as a result of Iran's nuclear program?
A: UN Security Council", '
Q: When was it estimated by the US Director of National Intelligence that Iran would be able to develop a nuclear weapon?
A: 2013']
Iran has a paramilitary, volunteer militia force within the IRGC, called the Basij, which includes about 90,000 full-time, active-duty uniformed members. Up to 11 million men and women are members of the Basij who could potentially be called up for service; GlobalSecurity.org estimates Iran could mobilize "up to one million men". This would be among the largest troop mobilizations in the world. In 2007, Iran's military spending represented 2.6% of the GDP or $102 per capita, the lowest figure of the Persian Gulf nations. Iran's military doctrine is based on deterrence. In 2014 arms spending the country spent $15 billion and was outspent by the states of the Gulf Cooperation Council by a factor of 13.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is Iran's volunteer militia force named?
A: the Basij", '
Q: How many full-time members does the Basij have?
A: 90,000', '
Q: How many members in total does the Basij have? 
A: Up to 11 million men and women', '
Q: In 2007 what was Iran spending 2.6% of its GDP on?
A: military spending', '
Q: In 2014, Iran spent how much on weapons spending?
A: $15 billion']
Since the 1979 Revolution, to overcome foreign embargoes, Iran has developed its own military industry, produced its own tanks, armored personnel carriers, guided missiles, submarines, military vessels, guided missile destroyer, radar systems, helicopters and fighter planes. In recent years, official announcements have highlighted the development of weapons such as the Hoot, Kowsar, Zelzal, Fateh-110, Shahab-3 and Sejjil missiles, and a variety of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The Fajr-3 (MIRV) is currently Iran's most advanced ballistic missile, it is a liquid fuel missile with an undisclosed range which was developed and produced domestically.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is Iran's most advanced missile?
A: The Fajr-3 (MIRV)", '
Q: Why did Iran have to build its own military hardware, vehicles, and weapons after the 1979 Revolution?
A: foreign embargoes', '
Q: Since when has Iran developed its domestic military infrastructure?
A: 1979 Revolution', '
Q: The Fajr-3 missile uses what type of propulsion system?
A: liquid fuel']
In 2006, about 45% of the government's budget came from oil and natural gas revenues, and 31% came from taxes and fees. As of 2007[update], Iran had earned $70 billion in foreign exchange reserves mostly (80%) from crude oil exports. Iranian budget deficits have been a chronic problem, mostly due to large-scale state subsidies, that include foodstuffs and especially gasoline, totaling more than $84 billion in 2008 for the energy sector alone. In 2010, the economic reform plan was approved by parliament to cut subsidies gradually and replace them with targeted social assistance. The objective is to move towards free market prices in a 5-year period and increase productivity and social justice.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: By 2007, Iran's crude oil exports resulted in how much of its foreign exchange currency?
A: $70 billion", "
Q: What is a main cause of Iran's constant budget deficits?
A: large-scale state subsidies", '
Q: What year did Iran pass an economic reform plan that would replace subsidies with targeted social assistance programs?
A: 2010', "
Q: In 2008, how much was Iran's state subsidy in its energy sector?
A: more than $84 billion", "
Q: How much of Iran's budget came from oil and natural gas reserves in 2006?
A: about 45%"]
The administration continues to follow the market reform plans of the previous one and indicated that it will diversify Iran's oil-reliant economy. Iran has also developed a biotechnology, nanotechnology, and pharmaceuticals industry. However, nationalized industries such as the bonyads have often been managed badly, making them ineffective and uncompetitive with years. Currently, the government is trying to privatize these industries, and, despite successes, there are still several problems to be overcome, such as the lagging corruption in the public sector and lack of competitiveness. In 2010, Iran was ranked 69, out of 139 nations, in the Global Competitiveness Report.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is a main goal of Iran's market reform plans?
A: diversify Iran's oil-reliant economy", '
Q: The Global COmpetitiveness Report in 2010 ranked Iran where out of 139 countries?
A: ranked 69', '
Q: What Iranian nationalized industry has been noncompetitive and managed badly? 
A: the bonyads', "
Q: What, along with a lack of competition, has held back Iran's nationalized industries?
A: lagging corruption in the public sector"]
Economic sanctions against Iran, such as the embargo against Iranian crude oil, have affected the economy. Sanctions have led to a steep fall in the value of the rial, and as of April 2013 one US dollar is worth 36,000 rial, compared with 16,000 in early 2012. Following a successful implementation of the 2015 nuclear and sanctions relief deal, the resulting benefits might not be distributed evenly across the Iranian economy as political elites such as the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps have garnered more resources and economic interests.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How much was 1 US Dollar worth in Iranian Rials in early 2012?
A: 16,000', '
Q: How much was 1 US Dollar worth in Iranian Rials in April 2013?
A: 36,000', '
Q: What year did a nuclear and sanctions relief deal happen for Iran?
A: 2015', '
Q: What economic sanction against Iranian crude oil has adversely affected the Iranian economy?
A: embargo', "
Q: What would possibly prevent the even spread of relief benefits from Iran's nuclear and sanctions deal of 2015?
A: the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps"]
Alongside the capital, the most popular tourist destinations are Isfahan, Mashhad and Shiraz. In the early 2000s, the industry faced serious limitations in infrastructure, communications, industry standards and personnel training. The majority of the 300,000 tourist visas granted in 2003 were obtained by Asian Muslims, who presumably intended to visit important pilgrimage sites in Mashhad and Qom. Several organized tours from Germany, France and other European countries come to Iran annually to visit archaeological sites and monuments. In 2003, Iran ranked 68th in tourism revenues worldwide. According to UNESCO and the deputy head of research for Iran Travel and Tourism Organization (ITTO), Iran is rated 4th among the top 10 destinations in the Middle East. Domestic tourism in Iran is one of the largest in the world. Weak advertising, unstable regional conditions, a poor public image in some parts of the world, and absence of efficient planning schemes in the tourism sector have all hindered the growth of tourism.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What does Teheran, Isfahan, Mashhad, and Shiraz have in common?
A: the most popular tourist destinations', '
Q: How many tourist visas were granted in 2003?
A: 300,000', '
Q: Which group made up the majority of granted tourist visas in 2003?
A: Asian Muslims', "
Q: In 2003, what was Iran's worldwide rank in tourism revenues?
A: ranked 68th", "
Q: What was Iran's rank in the top 10 Middle East destinations according to UNESCO?
A: rated 4th"]
Iran has the second largest proved gas reserves in the world after Russia, with 33.6 trillion cubic metres, and third largest natural gas production in the world after Indonesia, and Russia. It also ranks fourth in oil reserves with an estimated 153,600,000,000 barrels. It is OPEC's 2nd largest oil exporter and is an energy superpower. In 2005, Iran spent US$4 billion on fuel imports, because of contraband and inefficient domestic use. Oil industry output averaged 4 million barrels per day (640,000 m3/d) in 2005, compared with the peak of six million barrels per day reached in 1974. In the early years of the 2000s (decade), industry infrastructure was increasingly inefficient because of technological lags. Few exploratory wells were drilled in 2005.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How much natural gas reserves does Iran have?
A: 33.6 trillion cubic metres', '
Q: What is Iran ranked in the world in proved gas reserves?
A: second largest', '
Q: How much oil reserves does Iran have?
A: 153,600,000,000 barrels', "
Q: Where does Iran rank in OPEC's top oil exporting nations?
A: 2nd largest", '
Q: How much did Iran spend in oil imports in 2005?
A: US$4 billion']
In 2004, a large share of natural gas reserves in Iran were untapped. The addition of new hydroelectric stations and the streamlining of conventional coal and oil-fired stations increased installed capacity to 33,000 megawatts. Of that amount, about 75% was based on natural gas, 18% on oil, and 7% on hydroelectric power. In 2004, Iran opened its first wind-powered and geothermal plants, and the first solar thermal plant is to come online in 2009. Iran is the third country in the world to have developed GTL technology.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did Iran open its first wind-powered plants?
A: 2004', '
Q: When did Iran open its first geothermal plants?
A: 2004', "
Q: How much did Iran's installed capacity of power increase to after it added new hydroelectric power in 2004?
A: 33,000 megawatts", "
Q: How much of Iran's 33k megawatt installed capacity was based on natural gas? 
A: 75%", "
Q: How much of Iran's 33k megawatt installed capacity was based on oil? 
A: 18%"]