romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
The most dense rail network in Europe of 5,063 km (3,146 mi) carries over 350 million passengers annually. In 2007, each Swiss citizen travelled on average 2,258 km (1,403 mi) by rail, which makes them the keenest rail users. The network is administered mainly by the Federal Railways, except in Graubünden, where the 366 km (227 mi) narrow gauge railway is operated by the Rhaetian Railways and includes some World Heritage lines. The building of new railway base tunnels through the Alps is under way to reduce the time of travel between north and south through the AlpTransit project.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many passengers does the most dense rail network in Europe carry annualy?
A: over 350 million', "
Q: In 2007, what was the average amount of km's travelled by eacg Swiss citizens on the rails?
A: 2,258", '
Q: Who mainly administers the Swiss railway system?
A: Federal Railways', '
Q: What is the Alp-Transit project designed to reduce the time of travel between?
A: north and south', '
Q: Under which mountains are the railway tunnels being built for the Alp-Transit project?
A: the Alps']
Swiss private-public managed road network is funded by road tolls and vehicle taxes. The Swiss autobahn/autoroute system requires the purchase of a vignette (toll sticker)—which costs 40 Swiss francs—for one calendar year in order to use its roadways, for both passenger cars and trucks. The Swiss autobahn/autoroute network has a total length of 1,638 km (1,018 mi) (as of 2000) and has, by an area of 41,290 km2 (15,940 sq mi), also one of the highest motorway densities in the world. Zürich Airport is Switzerland's largest international flight gateway, which handled 22.8 million passengers in 2012. The other international airports are Geneva Airport (13.9 million passengers in 2012), EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg which is located in France, Bern Airport, Lugano Airport, St. Gallen-Altenrhein Airport and Sion Airport. Swiss International Air Lines is the flag carrier of Switzerland. Its main hub is Zürich.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the Swiss private-public managed road network funded by?
A: road tolls and vehicle taxes', '
Q: How much does the Swiss autoroute network charge for a toll sticker to use Swiss roadways for a year?
A: 40 Swiss francs', "
Q: Which airport is Switzerland's largest international flight gateway?
A: Zürich", '
Q: What is the name of the flag airline carrier in Switzerland?
A: Swiss International Air Lines', '
Q: How many passengers used the Zurich airport in 2012?
A: 22.8 million']
Switzerland has one of the best environmental records among nations in the developed world; it was one of the countries to sign the Kyoto Protocol in 1998 and ratified it in 2003. With Mexico and the Republic of Korea it forms the Environmental Integrity Group (EIG). The country is heavily active in recycling and anti-littering regulations and is one of the top recyclers in the world, with 66% to 96% of recyclable materials being recycled, depending on the area of the country. The 2014 Global Green Economy Index ranked Switzerland among the top 10 green economies in the world.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did Switzerland sign the Kyoto Protocol?
A: 1998', '
Q: When did Switzerland ratify the Kyoto Protocol
A: 2003', '
Q: What was formed by Switzerland, Mexico, and the Republic of Korea?
A: Environmental Integrity Group (EIG)', '
Q: What percentage of recyclable materials are being recycled in Switzerland?
A: 66% to 96%', '
Q: How did the 2010 Global Green Economy Index rank Switzerland?
A: among the top 10 green economies in the world']
In many places in Switzerland, household rubbish disposal is charged for. Rubbish (except dangerous items, batteries etc.) is only collected if it is in bags which either have a payment sticker attached, or in official bags with the surcharge paid at the time of purchase. This gives a financial incentive to recycle as much as possible, since recycling is free. Illegal disposal of garbage is not tolerated but usually the enforcement of such laws is limited to violations that involve the unlawful disposal of larger volumes at traffic intersections and public areas. Fines for not paying the disposal fee range from CHF 200–500.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What does Switzerland charge for the disposal of in order to encourage recycling?
A: Rubbish', '
Q: What are the fines for not paying the rubbish disposal fee?
A: from CHF 200–500', '
Q: What is the charge for recycling in Switzerland?
A: free']
In 2012, resident foreigners made up 23.3% of the population. Most of these (64%) were from European Union or EFTA countries. Italians were the largest single group of foreigners with 15.6% of total foreign population. They were closely followed by Germans (15.2%), immigrants from Portugal (12.7%), France (5.6%), Serbia (5.3%), Turkey (3.8%), Spain (3.7%), and Austria (2%). Immigrants from Sri Lanka, most of them former Tamil refugees, were the largest group among people of Asian origin (6.3%). Additionally, the figures from 2012 show that 34.7% of the permanent resident population aged 15 or over in Switzerland, i.e. 2,335,000 persons, had an immigrant background. A third of this population (853,000) held Swiss citizenship. Four fifths of persons with an immigration background were themselves immigrants (first generation foreigners and native-born and naturalised Swiss citizens), whereas one fifth were born in Switzerland (second generation foreigners and native-born and naturalised Swiss citizens). In the 2000s, domestic and international institutions expressed concern about what they perceived as an increase in xenophobia, particularly in some political campaigns. In reply to one critical report the Federal Council noted that "racism unfortunately is present in Switzerland", but stated that the high proportion of foreign citizens in the country, as well as the generally unproblematic integration of foreigners", underlined Switzerland's openness.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In 2010, what percentage of the population was made up of foreigners?
A: 23.3%', '
Q: Who were the largest single group of foreigners in 2010?
A: Italians', '
Q: What percentage of the population aged 15 and over were shown to have an immigrant background as of 2012?
A: 34.7%', '
Q: What percentage of the immigrants were born in Switzerland as of 2012?
A: one fifth', "
Q: In the 2000's, what was the concern perceived toward immigrants by institutions?
A: increase in xenophobia"]
Switzerland has four official languages: principally German (63.5% total population share, with foreign residents, in 2013); French (22.5%) in the west; and Italian (8.1%) in the south. The fourth official language, Romansh (0.5%), is a Romance language spoken locally in the southeastern trilingual canton of Graubünden, and is designated by Article 4 of the Federal Constitution as a national language along with German, French, and Italian, and in Article 70 as an official language if the authorities communicate with persons who speak Romansh. However, federal laws and other official acts do not need to be decreed in Romansh.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many official languages does Switzerland have?
A: four', '
Q: What is the principal official language in Switzerland?
A: German', '
Q: What is the principal official language in the western part of Switzerland?
A: French', '
Q: What is the principal official language in the southern part of Switzerland?
A: Italian', '
Q: What is the least popular official language of Switzerland?
A: Romansh']
Aside from the official forms of their respective languages, the four linguistic regions of Switzerland also have their local dialectal forms. The role played by dialects in each linguistic region varies dramatically: in the German-speaking regions, Swiss German dialects have become ever more prevalent since the second half of the 20th century, especially in the media, such as radio and television, and are used as an everyday language, while the Swiss variety of Standard German is almost always used instead of dialect for written communication (c.f. diglossic usage of a language). Conversely, in the French-speaking regions the local dialects have almost disappeared (only 6.3% of the population of Valais, 3.9% of Fribourg, and 3.1% of Jura still spoke dialects at the end of the 20th century), while in the Italian-speaking regions dialects are mostly limited to family settings and casual conversation.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many linguistic regions of Switzerland have their own form of local dialect?
A: four', '
Q: What dialect is increasing in German speaking regions?
A: Swiss German', '
Q: What has happened to the local dialects in the French speaking regions?
A: have almost disappeared', '
Q: Where do dialects tend to be limited to in the Italian speaking regions?
A: family settings and casual conversation']
The principal official languages (German, French, and Italian) have terms, not used outside of Switzerland, known as Helvetisms. German Helvetisms are, roughly speaking, a large group of words typical of Swiss Standard German, which do not appear either in Standard German, nor in other German dialects. These include terms from Switzerland's surrounding language cultures (German Billette from French), from similar term in another language (Italian azione used not only as act but also as discount from German Aktion). The French spoken in Switzerland has similar terms, which are equally known as Helvetisms. The most frequent characteristics of Helvetisms are in vocabulary, phrases, and pronunciation, but certain Helvetisms denote themselves as special in syntax and orthography likewise. Duden, one of the prescriptive sources for Standard German, is aware of about 3000 Helvetisms. Current French dictionaries, such as the Petit Larousse, include several hundred Helvetisms.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are terms that are not used outside of Switzerland known as?
A: Helvetisms', '
Q: Where are the most frequent characteristics of Helvetisms found?
A: vocabulary, phrases, and pronunciation', '
Q: What do current French dictionaries include several hundred of?
A: Helvetisms']
Swiss citizens are universally required to buy health insurance from private insurance companies, which in turn are required to accept every applicant. While the cost of the system is among the highest it compares well with other European countries in terms of health outcomes; patients who are citizens have been reported as being, in general, highly satisfied with it. In 2012, life expectancy at birth was 80.4 years for men and 84.7 years for women — the highest in the world. However, spending on health is particularly high at 11.4% of GDP (2010), on par with Germany and France (11.6%) and other European countries, and notably less than spending in the USA (17.6%). From 1990, a steady increase can be observed, reflecting the high costs of the services provided. With an ageing population and new healthcare technologies, health spending will likely continue to rise.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who are Swiss citizens required to buy health insurance from?
A: private insurance companies', '
Q: Who are private insurance companies required to accept?
A: every applicant', "
Q: In 2012, what was Switzerland's world ranking for life expectancy in 2012?
A: highest", '
Q: What population will cause health spending to likely rise in the future?
A: ageing', '
Q: What do new high tech healthcare technologies translate to?
A: high costs of the services provided']
Between two thirds and three quarters of the population live in urban areas. Switzerland has gone from a largely rural country to an urban one in just 70 years. Since 1935 urban development has claimed as much of the Swiss landscape as it did during the previous 2,000 years. This urban sprawl does not only affect the plateau but also the Jura and the Alpine foothills and there are growing concerns about land use. However, from the beginning of the 21st century, the population growth in urban areas is higher than in the countryside.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How much of the Swiss population live in urban areas?
A: Between two thirds and three quarters', '
Q: From the beginning of the 21st century, how does the population growth in urban areas compare to the countryside?
A: higher', '
Q: How many years did it take Switzerland to go from a largely urban country to a rural one?
A: 70']
Switzerland has a dense network of cities, where large, medium and small cities are complementary. The plateau is very densely populated with about 450 people per km2 and the landscape continually shows signs of human presence. The weight of the largest metropolitan areas, which are Zürich, Geneva–Lausanne, Basel and Bern tend to increase. In international comparison the importance of these urban areas is stronger than their number of inhabitants suggests. In addition the two main centers of Zürich and Geneva are recognized for their particularly great quality of life.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the population density of the plateau?
A: 450 people per km2', '
Q: Which 2 centers are recognized for their particularly great quality of life?
A: Zürich and Geneva', '
Q: What does the weight of the largest metropolitan areas tend to do?
A: increase']
Christianity is the predominant religion of Switzerland (about 71% of resident population and 75% of Swiss citizens), divided between the Catholic Church (38.21% of the population), the Swiss Reformed Church (26.93%), further Protestant churches (2.89%) and other Christian denominations (2.79%). There has been a recent rise in Evangelicalism. Immigration has brought Islam (4.95%) and Eastern Orthodoxy (around 2%) as sizeable minority religions. According to a 2015 poll by Gallup International, 12% of Swiss people self-identified as "convinced atheists."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the predominant religion of Switzerland?
A: Christianity', '
Q: What religion has immigration brought by 4.95%? 
A: Islam', '
Q: What religion has immigration brought by 2%?
A: Eastern Orthodoxy', '
Q: According to a 2015 Gallup Poll, what percentage of Swiss people are convinced atheists?
A: 12%', '
Q: What percentage of the Christian population is Catholic?
A: 38.21%']
As of the 2000 census other Christian minority communities include Neo-Pietism (0.44%), Pentecostalism (0.28%, mostly incorporated in the Schweizer Pfingstmission), Methodism (0.13%), the New Apostolic Church (0.45%), Jehovah's Witnesses (0.28%), other Protestant denominations (0.20%), the Old Catholic Church (0.18%), other Christian denominations (0.20%). Non-Christian religions are Hinduism (0.38%), Buddhism (0.29%), Judaism (0.25%) and others (0.11%); 4.3% did not make a statement. 21.4% in 2012 declared themselves as unchurched i.e. not affiliated with any church or other religious body (Agnostic, Atheist, or just not related to any official religion).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What percentage of Swiss people claimed no church affiliation in 2012?
A: 21.4%', '
Q: According to the census of 2000, what percentage of Swiss are pentecostal?
A: 0.28%', "
Q: According to the census of 2000, what percentage of Swiss are Jehova's Witnesses?
A: 0.28%", '
Q: According to the census of 2000, what percentage of Swiss are Buddhists?
A: 0.29%']
The country was historically about evenly balanced between Catholic and Protestant, with a complex patchwork of majorities over most of the country. Geneva converted to Protestantism in 1536, just before John Calvin arrived there. One canton, Appenzell, was officially divided into Catholic and Protestant sections in 1597. The larger cities and their cantons (Bern, Geneva, Lausanne, Zürich and Basel) used to be predominantly Protestant. Central Switzerland, the Valais, the Ticino, Appenzell Innerrhodes, the Jura, and Fribourg are traditionally Catholic. The Swiss Constitution of 1848, under the recent impression of the clashes of Catholic vs. Protestant cantons that culminated in the Sonderbundskrieg, consciously defines a consociational state, allowing the peaceful co-existence of Catholics and Protestants. A 1980 initiative calling for the complete separation of church and state was rejected by 78.9% of the voters. Some traditionally Protestant cantons and cities nowadays have a slight Catholic majority, not because they were growing in members, quite the contrary, but only because since about 1970 a steadily growing minority became not affiliated with any church or other religious body (21.4% in Switzerland, 2012) especially in traditionally Protestant regions, such as Basel-City (42%), canton of Neuchâtel (38%), canton of Geneva (35%), canton of Vaud (26%), or Zürich city (city: >25%; canton: 23%).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did Geneva convert to Protestantism?
A: 1536', '
Q: How is a consociational state defined by the Constitution of 1848?
A: allowing the peaceful co-existence of Catholics and Protestants', '
Q: When was the calling for a complete separation from church and state rejected by the majority of voters?
A: 1980', '
Q: What percentage of voters rejected the separation of church and state in 1980?
A: 78.9%']
Three of Europe's major languages are official in Switzerland. Swiss culture is characterised by diversity, which is reflected in a wide range of traditional customs. A region may be in some ways strongly culturally connected to the neighbouring country that shares its language, the country itself being rooted in western European culture. The linguistically isolated Romansh culture in Graubünden in eastern Switzerland constitutes an exception, it survives only in the upper valleys of the Rhine and the Inn and strives to maintain its rare linguistic tradition.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What culture is linguistically isolated from the rest of Switzerland?
A: Romansh', '
Q: Where is the Romansh culture located?
A: in Graubünden in eastern Switzerland', "
Q: How many of Europe's major languages are official in Switzerland?
A: Three"]
Alpine symbolism has played an essential role in shaping the history of the country and the Swiss national identity. Nowadays some concentrated mountain areas have a strong highly energetic ski resort culture in winter, and a hiking (ger: das Wandern) or Mountain biking culture in summer. Other areas throughout the year have a recreational culture that caters to tourism, yet the quieter seasons are spring and autumn when there are fewer visitors. A traditional farmer and herder culture also predominates in many areas and small farms are omnipresent outside the cities. Folk art is kept alive in organisations all over the country. In Switzerland it is mostly expressed in music, dance, poetry, wood carving and embroidery. The alphorn, a trumpet-like musical instrument made of wood, has become alongside yodeling and the accordion an epitome of traditional Swiss music.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What symbolism has played an important role in shaping the history of Switzerland?
A: Alpine', '
Q: What highly energetic culture is in some concentrated mountain areas in the winter?
A: ski resort culture', '
Q: What is the name of the trumpet like musical instrument made of wood has become the epitome of traditional Swiss music?
A: alphorn', '
Q: What traditional culture predominates in many areas of small farms?
A: farmer and herder culture']
The government exerts greater control over broadcast media than print media, especially due to finance and licensing. The Swiss Broadcasting Corporation, whose name was recently changed to SRG SSR, is charged with the production and broadcast of radio and television programs. SRG SSR studios are distributed throughout the various language regions. Radio content is produced in six central and four regional studios while the television programs are produced in Geneva, Zürich and Lugano. An extensive cable network also allows most Swiss to access the programs from neighboring countries.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What causes the government to exert greater control over broadcast media than print media?
A: finance and licensing', '
Q: Where are television programs produced?
A: Geneva, Zürich and Lugano', '
Q: What was the Swiss Broadcasting Corporations name recently changed to?
A: SRG SSR']
Skiing, snowboarding and mountaineering are among the most popular sports in Switzerland, the nature of the country being particularly suited for such activities. Winter sports are practiced by the natives and tourists since the second half of the 19th century with the invention of bobsleigh in St. Moritz. The first world ski championships were held in Mürren (1931) and St. Moritz (1934). The latter town hosted the second Winter Olympic Games in 1928 and the fifth edition in 1948. Among the most successful skiers and world champions are Pirmin Zurbriggen and Didier Cuche.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What 3 mountain sports are among the most popular in Switzerland?
A: Skiing, snowboarding and mountaineering', '
Q: Where was the bobsleigh invented?
A: St. Moritz', '
Q: When were the first ski championships held in Murren?
A: 1931', '
Q: Which town hosted the 2nd Winter Olympic Games in 1928?
A: St. Moritz']
Swiss are fans of football and the national team is nicknamed the 'Nati'. The headquarters of the sport's governing body, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), is located in Zürich. Switzerland hosted the 1954 FIFA World Cup, and was the joint host, with Austria, of the Euro 2008 tournament. The Swiss Super League is the nation's professional club league. For the Brasil 2014 World Cup finals tournament, the country's German-speaking cantons will be closely monitored by local police forces to prevent celebrations beyond one hour after matches end. Europe's highest football pitch, at 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level, is located in Switzerland and is named the Ottmar Hitzfeld Stadium.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the nickname for the Swiss national football team?
A: Nati', '
Q: What does FIFA stand for?
A: International Federation of Association Football', "
Q: Where is Europe's highest football pitch located?
A: Switzerland", '
Q: Where is the FIFA located?
A: Zürich', '
Q: Which FIFA world cup did Switzerland host?
A: 1954']
Many Swiss also follow ice hockey and support one of the 12 clubs in the League A, which is the most attended league in Europe. In 2009, Switzerland hosted the IIHF World Championship for the 10th time. It also became World Vice-Champion in 2013. The numerous lakes make Switzerland an attractive place for sailing. The largest, Lake Geneva, is the home of the sailing team Alinghi which was the first European team to win the America's Cup in 2003 and which successfully defended the title in 2007. Tennis has become an increasingly popular sport, and Swiss players such as Martina Hingis, Roger Federer, and most recently, Stanislas Wawrinka have won multiple Grand Slams. Swiss professional wrestler Claudio Castagnoli is currently signed with WWE, and is a former United States champion.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was hosted for the 10th time by Switzerland in 2009?
A: IIHF World Championship', "
Q: What was the name of the 1st European sailing team to win America's cup in 2013?
A: Alinghi", '
Q: Which Swiss professional wrestler is currently signed with WWE?
A: Claudio Castagnoli', "
Q: Which Swiss sailing team was the 1st to win America's Cup in 2003?
A: Alinghi"]