romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
So that the maximum number of colors can be accurately reproduced on your computer screen, each color has been given a code number, or sRGB, which tells your computer the intensity of the red, green and blue components of that color. The intensity of each component is measured on a scale of zero to 255, which means the complete list includes 16,777,216 distinct colors and shades. The sRGB number of pure red, for example, is 255, 00, 00, which means the red component is at its maximum intensity, and there is no green or blue. The sRGB number for crimson is 220, 20, 60, which means that the red is slightly less intense and therefore darker, there is some green, which leans it toward orange; and there is a larger amount of blue,which makes it slightly blue-violet.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Over what numerical scale is color measured on a computer screen?
A: zero to 255,', '
Q: What is the total number of possible sRGB colors?
A: 16,777,216', '
Q: What is the number used to indicate pure red in sRGB?
A: 255, 00, 00', '
Q: Crimson is identified by what sRGB number?
A: 220, 20, 60']
As a ray of white sunlight travels through the atmosphere to the eye, some of the colors are scattered out of the beam by air molecules and airborne particles due to Rayleigh scattering, changing the final color of the beam that is seen. Colors with a shorter wavelength, such as blue and green, scatter more strongly, and are removed from the light that finally reaches the eye. At sunrise and sunset, when the path of the sunlight through the atmosphere to the eye is longest, the blue and green components are removed almost completely, leaving the longer wavelength orange and red light. The remaining reddened sunlight can also be scattered by cloud droplets and other relatively large particles, which give the sky above the horizon its red glow.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What type of scattering is responsible for the shift in the color of sunlight?
A: Rayleigh', '
Q: What occurs to colors of short wavelengths in Rayleigh scattering?
A: scatter more strongly', '
Q: What is the effect on blue and green light experiencing Rayleigh scattering during sunrise?
A: removed almost completely', '
Q: In comparison to blue and green, what would describe the wavelength of orange or red light?
A: longer']
Lasers emitting in the red region of the spectrum have been available since the invention of the ruby laser in 1960. In 1962 the red helium–neon laser was invented, and these two types of lasers were widely used in many scientific applications including holography, and in education. Red helium–neon lasers were used commercially in LaserDisc players. The use of red laser diodes became widespread with the commercial success of modern DVD players, which use a 660 nm laser diode technology. Today, red and red-orange laser diodes are widely available to the public in the form of extremely inexpensive laser pointers. Portable, high-powered versions are also available for various applications. More recently, 671 nm diode-pumped solid state (DPSS) lasers have been introduced to the market for all-DPSS laser display systems, particle image velocimetry, Raman spectroscopy, and holography.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was the first ruby laser invented?
A: 1960', '
Q: In what year did a red helium-neon laser come to be?
A: 1962', '
Q: What type of laser is used in a LaserDisc player?
A: Red helium–neon', '
Q: What type of laser diode is used in a DVD player?
A: a 660 nm laser', '
Q: What type of laser is used in Raman spectroscopy?
A: 671 nm diode-pumped solid state (DPSS) lasers']
During the summer growing season, phosphate is at a high level. It has a vital role in the breakdown of the sugars manufactured by chlorophyll. But in the fall, phosphate, along with the other chemicals and nutrients, moves out of the leaf into the stem of the plant. When this happens, the sugar-breakdown process changes, leading to the production of anthocyanin pigments. The brighter the light during this period, the greater the production of anthocyanins and the more brilliant the resulting color display. When the days of autumn are bright and cool, and the nights are chilly but not freezing, the brightest colorations usually develop.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: At which period of the year are phosphates high?
A: the summer growing season', '
Q: What causes sugar created by chlorophyll to breakdown?
A: phosphate', '
Q: Where does phosphate within a leaf move in the fall?
A: the stem of the plant', '
Q: What is created in fall when phosphates retreat to the stems of plants?
A: anthocyanin pigments', '
Q: What occurs in bright light to leaves during fall?
A: greater the production of anthocyanins']
Red hair varies from a deep burgundy through burnt orange to bright copper. It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin (which also accounts for the red color of the lips) and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin. The term redhead (originally redd hede) has been in use since at least 1510. Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered. (See red hair).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What pigment accounts for the majority of color in red hair?
A: pheomelanin', '
Q: There is another part of the face which gets its red color from the pigment pheomelanin, what is it?
A: the lips', '
Q: Aside from pheomelanin what color pigment contributes to red hair?
A: eumelanin', '
Q: In what year can the earliest used of redhead be traced to?
A: 1510', '
Q: What type of temper are people with red hair considered to have?
A: fiery']
Red is associated with dominance in a number of animal species. For example, in mandrills, red coloration of the face is greatest in alpha males, increasingly less prominent in lower ranking subordinates, and directly correlated with levels of testosterone. Red can also affect the perception of dominance by others, leading to significant differences in mortality, reproductive success and parental investment between individuals displaying red and those not. In humans, wearing red has been linked with increased performance in competitions, including professional sport and multiplayer video games. Controlled tests have demonstrated that wearing red does not increase performance or levels of testosterone during exercise, so the effect is likely to be produced by perceived rather than actual performance. Judges of tae kwon do have been shown to favor competitors wearing red protective gear over blue, and, when asked, a significant majority of people say that red abstract shapes are more "dominant", "aggressive", and "likely to win a physical competition" than blue shapes. In contrast to its positive effect in physical competition and dominance behavior, exposure to red decreases performance in cognitive tasks and elicits aversion in psychological tests where subjects are placed in an "achievement" context (e.g. taking an IQ test).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In alpha male mandrills what party of the body is most red according to their rank?
A: the face', '
Q: Wearing red is connected to what result in humans, in terms of sport?
A: increased performance', '
Q: In what sport have judges been shown to favor athletes wearing red?
A: tae kwon do', '
Q: What is the effect of exposing a human to red when it comes to cognitive skills?
A: decreases performance', '
Q: The amount of red in mandrill males is directly related to levels of what?
A: testosterone']
Surveys show that red is the color most associated with courage. In western countries red is a symbol of martyrs and sacrifice, particularly because of its association with blood. Beginning in the Middle Ages, the Pope and Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church wore red to symbolize the blood of Christ and the Christian martyrs. The banner of the Christian soldiers in the First Crusade was a red cross on a white field, the St. George's Cross. According to Christian tradition, Saint George was a Roman soldier who was a member of the guards of the Emperor Diocletian, who refused to renounce his Christian faith and was martyred. The Saint George's Cross became the Flag of England in the 16th century, and now is part of the Union Flag of the United Kingdom, as well as the Flag of the Republic of Georgia.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What trait do people most commonly link red with?
A: courage', '
Q: Why did the Popes of the middle ages wear red?
A: to symbolize the blood of Christ and the Christian martyrs', '
Q: What was depicted on the banners of Christians in the First crusade?
A: a red cross on a white field', "
Q: What is the cross on the banners used during the First Crusade known as?
A: St. George's Cross", '
Q: Who was Saint George believed to be?
A: a Roman soldier']
Saint Valentine, a Roman Catholic Bishop or priest who was martyred in about 296 AD, seems to have had no known connection with romantic love, but the day of his martyrdom on the Roman Catholic calendar, Saint Valentine's Day (February 14), became, in the 14th century, an occasion for lovers to send messages to each other. In recent years the celebration of Saint Valentine' s day has spread beyond Christian countries to Japan and China and other parts of the world. The celebration of Saint Valentine's Day is forbidden or strongly condemned in many Islamic countries, including Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Iran. In Saudi Arabia, in 2002 and 2011, religious police banned the sale of all Valentine's Day items, telling shop workers to remove any red items, as the day is considered a Christian holiday.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was Saint Valentine martyred?
A: 296 AD', '
Q: Who was Saint Valentine?
A: a Roman Catholic Bishop or priest', "
Q: In which century did Saint Valentine's day become connected with lovers?
A: 14th", "
Q: In what kind of countries is the celebration of Valentine's day forbidden?
A: Islamic", "
Q: Which nation forbade the sale of Valentine's Day products in 2002 and 2011?
A: Saudi Arabia"]
Red is the color most commonly associated with joy and well being. It is the color of celebration and ceremony. A red carpet is often used to welcome distinguished guests. Red is also the traditional color of seats in opera houses and theaters. Scarlet academic gowns are worn by new Doctors of Philosophy at degree ceremonies at Oxford University and other schools. In China, it is considered the color of good fortune and prosperity, and it is the color traditionally worn by brides. In Christian countries, it is the color traditionally worn at Christmas by Santa Claus, because in the 4th century the historic Saint Nicholas was the Greek Christian Bishop of Myra, in modern-day Turkey, and bishops then dressed in red.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What color gowns are generally worn by recent Doctors of Philosophy at Oxford?
A: Scarlet', '
Q: What good traits is the color red associated with in China?
A: good fortune and prosperity', '
Q: In what century did Saint Nicholas become the influence for red being worn by Santa Claus?
A: 4th', '
Q: Who was Saint Nicholas?
A: the Greek Christian Bishop of Myra', '
Q: In what nation is Myra?
A: Turkey']
Red is the traditional color of warning and danger. In the Middle Ages, a red flag announced that the defenders of a town or castle would fight to defend it, and a red flag hoisted by a warship meant they would show no mercy to their enemy. In Britain, in the early days of motoring, motor cars had to follow a man with a red flag who would warn horse-drawn vehicles, before the Locomotives on Highways Act 1896 abolished this law. In automobile races, the red flag is raised if there is danger to the drivers. In international football, a player who has made a serious violation of the rules is shown a red penalty card and ejected from the game.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did a red flag signal in the Middle Ages?
A: defenders of a town or castle would fight to defend it', '
Q: What was the importance of a red flag flown by a warship in the Middle Ages?
A: they would show no mercy to their enemy', '
Q: Which British law forbade cars from following a bearer of a red flag as a warning to horse drawn vehicles?
A: the Locomotives on Highways Act 1896', '
Q: Under what circimstance is a red flag flown in auto racing?
A: if there is danger to the drivers', '
Q: What is a football player shown before being ejected from a match?
A: a red penalty card']
Red is the international color of stop signs and stop lights on highways and intersections. It was standarized as the international color at the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals of 1968. It was chosen partly because red is the brightest color in daytime (next to orange), though it is less visible at twilight, when green is the most visible color. Red also stands out more clearly against a cool natural backdrop of blue sky, green trees or gray buildings. But it was mostly chosen as the color for stoplights and stop signs because of its universal association with danger and warning.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what city did the standardization of red as a color of stop lights occur?
A: Vienna', '
Q: In what year did nations standardize on red as a color for stop lights?
A: 1968', '
Q: At what event did the color red become the standard color of stop lights?
A: Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals of 1968', '
Q: Red is the color of stoplights due to its universal affiliation with what?
A: danger and warning', '
Q: At what time is red at its brightest?
A: daytime']
Red is used in modern fashion much as it was used in Medieval painting; to attract the eyes of the viewer to the person who is supposed to be the center of attention. People wearing red seem to be closer than those dressed in other colors, even if they are actually the same distance away. Monarchs, wives of Presidential candidates and other celebrities often wear red to be visible from a distance in a crowd. It is also commonly worn by lifeguards and others whose job requires them to be easily found.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what way is red used in contemporary fashion?
A: to attract the eyes of the viewer to the person', '
Q: What is the main impact of people wearing red as it relates to the perception of distance?
A: People wearing red seem to be closer', '
Q: Why do monarchs sometimes wear red?
A: to be visible from a distance in a crowd', '
Q: Some professions require employees to wear red because it allows them to be what?
A: easily found']
"So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness: and I saw a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns. "And the woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full of abominations and filthiness of her fornication: "And upon her forehead was a name written a mystery: Babylon the Great, the Mother of Harlots and of all the abominations of the earth: And I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints, and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many heads did the scarlet beast which a woman sat on have?
A: seven heads', '
Q: The horned scarlet beast that a woman sat on had how many horns?
A: ten', '
Q: What kind of cup did the woman on the scarlet horned beast have?
A: golden', '
Q: What was on the forehead of the woman on the scarlet horned beast?
A: a name', '
Q: Outside of the blood of the saints, on what did the woman on the scarlet horned beast become drunken?
A: the blood of the martyrs of Jesus']
In China, red (simplified Chinese: 红; traditional Chinese: 紅; pinyin: hóng) is the symbol of fire and the south (both south in general and Southern China specifically). It carries a largely positive connotation, being associated with courage, loyalty, honor, success, fortune, fertility, happiness, passion, and summer. In Chinese cultural traditions, red is associated with weddings (where brides traditionally wear red dresses) and red paper is frequently used to wrap gifts of money or other objects. Special red packets (simplified Chinese: 红包; traditional Chinese: 紅包; pinyin: hóng bāo in Mandarin or lai see in Cantonese) are specifically used during Chinese New Year celebrations for giving monetary gifts. On the more negative side, obituaries are traditionally written in red ink, and to write someone's name in red signals either cutting them out of one's life, or that they have died. Red is also associated with either the feminine or the masculine (yin and yang respectively), depending on the source. The Little Red Book, a collection of quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-Tung, founding father of the People's Republic of China (PRC), was published in 1966 and widely distributed thereafter.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which cardinal direction is signified by red in China?
A: south', '
Q: What season is red identified with in China?
A: summer', '
Q: Red paper is used to wrap gifts of money during what special celebration in China?
A: Chinese New Year', '
Q: Who wrote the Little Red Book?
A: Chairman Mao Tse-Tung', '
Q: In what year was the Little Red Book published?
A: 1966']
In Central Africa, Ndembu warriors rub themselves with red paint during celebrations. Since their culture sees the color as a symbol of life and health, sick people are also painted with it. Like most Central African cultures, the Ndembu see red as ambivalent, better than black but not as good as white. In other parts of Africa, however, red is a color of mourning, representing death. Because red bears are associated with death in many parts of Africa, the Red Cross has changed its colors to green and white in parts of the continent.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What central African warriors are said to cover themselves in red for celebrations?
A: Ndembu warriors', '
Q: What does the Ndembu culture believe red symbolizes?
A: life and health', '
Q: What color do the Ndembu believe is better than red?
A: white', '
Q: What alternative colors does the Red Cross use in certain parts of Africa?
A: green and white']
Major League Baseball is especially well known for red teams. The Cincinnati Red Stockings are the oldest professional baseball team, dating back to 1869. The franchise soon relocated to Boston and is now the Atlanta Braves, but its name survives as the origin for both the Cincinnati Reds and Boston Red Sox. During the 1950s when red was strongly associated with communism, the modern Cincinnati team was known as the "Redlegs" and the term was used on baseball cards. After the red scare faded, the team was known as the "Reds" again. The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim are also known for their color red, as are the St. Louis Cardinals, Arizona Diamondbacks, and the Philadelphia Phillies.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What team did the Cincinnati Red Stockings become?
A: the Atlanta Braves', '
Q: When did the Cincinnati Red Stockings come to be?
A: 1869', '
Q: What political movment was red identified with in the 1950s?
A: communism', '
Q: What name did the Cincinnati Red Stockings become known as for a time in the 1950s?
A: Redlegs', '
Q: Where did the Cincinnati Red Stockings move after leaving Cincinnati?
A: Boston']
In association football, teams such as Manchester United, Bayern Munich, Liverpool, Arsenal, Toronto FC, and S.L. Benfica primarily wear red jerseys. Other teams that prominently feature red on their kits include A.C. Milan (nicknamed i rossoneri for their red and black shirts), AFC Ajax, Olympiacos, River Plate, Atlético Madrid, and Flamengo. A red penalty card is issued to a player who commits a serious infraction: the player is immediately disqualified from further play and his team must continue with one less player for the game's duration.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What color jersey does Bayern Munich wear?
A: red', '
Q: What is the nickname given to A.C. Milan?
A: i rossoneri', '
Q: What has to occur for a player in association football to be shown a red penalty card?
A: a serious infraction', '
Q: What occurs when a player in association football is shown a red penalty card?
A: the player is immediately disqualified from further play', "
Q: How is an association football team impacted when a player is shown a red penalty card?
A: his team must continue with one less player for the game's duration"]
Red is one of the most common colors used on national flags. The use of red has similar connotations from country to country: the blood, sacrifice, and courage of those who defended their country; the sun and the hope and warmth it brings; and the sacrifice of Christ's blood (in some historically Christian nations) are a few examples. Red is the color of the flags of several countries that once belonged to the former British Empire. The British flag bears the colors red, white, and blue; it includes the cross of Saint George, patron saint of England, and the saltire of Saint Patrick, patron saint of Ireland, both of which are red on white. The flag of the United States bears the colors of Britain, the colors of the French tricolore include red as part of the old Paris coat of arms, and other countries' flags, such as those of Australia, New Zealand, and Fiji, carry a small inset of the British flag in memory of their ties to that country. Many former colonies of Spain, such as Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Peru, and Venezuela, also feature red-one of the colors of the Spanish flag-on their own banners. Red flags are also used to symbolize storms, bad water conditions, and many other dangers. Navy flags are often red and yellow. Red is prominently featured in the flag of the United States Marine Corps.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: In Christian nations what does the color red often become associated with?
A: Christ's blood", '
Q: What cross is on the British flag?
A: the cross of Saint George', '
Q: As it relates to England, who is Saint George?
A: patron saint of England', '
Q: Which US armed force uses red as the main color of its flag?
A: the United States Marine Corps', '
Q: In terms of a beach, why might one see a red flag?
A: bad water conditions']
Red, blue, and white are also the Pan-Slavic colors adopted by the Slavic solidarity movement of the late nineteenth century. Initially these were the colors of the Russian flag; as the Slavic movement grew, they were adopted by other Slavic peoples including Slovaks, Slovenes, and Serbs. The flags of the Czech Republic and Poland use red for historic heraldic reasons (see Coat of arms of Poland and Coat of arms of the Czech Republic) & not due to Pan-Slavic connotations. In 2004 Georgia adopted a new white flag, which consists of four small and one big red cross in the middle touching all four sides.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did the Slavic solidarity movement choose red blue and white as their colors?
A: the late nineteenth century', '
Q: In what year did the nation of George get a new national flag?
A: 2004', '
Q: What is in the middle of the Georgian flag?
A: one big red cross', '
Q: How many small crosses are on the Georgian flag?
A: four', '
Q: What were the Pan-Slavic colors originally?
A: the colors of the Russian flag']