romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
On April 6, 1990, the Lviv City Council voted to return St. George Cathedral to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The Russian Orthodox Church refused to yield. On April 29–30, 1990, the Ukrainian Helsinki Union disbanded to form the Ukrainian Republican Party. On May 15 the new parliament convened. The bloc of conservative communists held 239 seats; the Democratic Bloc, which had evolved into the National Council, had 125 deputies. On June 4, 1990, two candidates remained in the protracted race for parliament chair. The leader of the Communist Party of Ukraine (CPU), Volodymyr Ivashko, was elected with 60 percent of the vote as more than 100 opposition deputies boycotted the election. On June 5–6, 1990, Metropolitan Mstyslav of the U.S.-based Ukrainian Orthodox Church was elected patriarch of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC) during that Church's first synod. The UAOC declared its full independence from the Moscow Patriarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church, which in March had granted autonomy to the Ukrainian Orthodox church headed by Metropolitan Filaret.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was voted to get their cathedral back in 1990?
A: Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church', '
Q: What party was formed from the dissolved Ukrainian Helsinki Union?
A: Ukrainian Republican Party', '
Q: What was the first day that the new parliament met?
A: May 15', '
Q: Who became the new patriarch of the UAOC in 1990?
A: Metropolitan Mstyslav']
On June 22, 1990, Volodymyr Ivashko withdrew his candidacy for leader of the Communist Party of Ukraine in view of his new position in parliament. Stanislav Hurenko was elected first secretary of the CPU. On July 11, Ivashko resigned from his post as chairman of the Ukrainian Parliament after he was elected deputy general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The Parliament accepted the resignation a week later, on July 18. On July 16 Parliament overwhelmingly approved the Declaration on State Sovereignty of Ukraine - with a vote of 355 in favour and four against. The people's deputies voted 339 to 5 to proclaim July 16 a Ukrainian national holiday.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: How long did it take Parliament to accept Ivashko's resignation?
A: a week", '
Q: Who was elected to be the new deputy general secretary of the Communist Part of the Soviet Union in July?
A: Volodymyr Ivashko', '
Q: How many Parliament members voted against the Declaration on State Sovereignty of Ukraine?
A: four']
On July 23, 1990, Leonid Kravchuk was elected to replace Ivashko as parliament chairman. On July 30, Parliament adopted a resolution on military service ordering Ukrainian soldiers "in regions of national conflict such as Armenia and Azerbaijan" to return to Ukrainian territory. On August 1, Parliament voted overwhelmingly to shut down the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. On August 3, it adopted a law on the economic sovereignty of the Ukrainian republic. On August 19, the first Ukrainian Catholic liturgy in 44 years was celebrated at St. George Cathedral. On September 5–7, the International Symposium on the Great Famine of 1932–1933 was held in Kiev. On September 8, The first "Youth for Christ" rally since 1933 took place held in Lviv, with 40,000 participants. In September 28–30, the Green Party of Ukraine held its founding congress. On September 30, nearly 100,000 people marched in Kiev to protest against the new union treaty proposed by Gorbachev.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who would succeed Ivashko as the chairman of Parliament?
A: Leonid Kravchuk', '
Q: What did Parliament vote to shut down in August?
A: Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant', '
Q: Where was the August 9 liturgy held?
A: St. George Cathedral.', '
Q: Prior to the September 8th rally when was the last Youth for Christ rally held?
A: 1933', '
Q: How many people attended the Youth for Christ rally?
A: 40,000']
On October 25–28, 1990, Rukh held its second congress and declared that its principal goal was the "renewal of independent statehood for Ukraine". On October 28 UAOC faithful, supported by Ukrainian Catholics, demonstrated near St. Sophia’s Cathedral as newly elected Russian Orthodox Church Patriarch Aleksei and Metropolitan Filaret celebrated liturgy at the shrine. On November 1, the leaders of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, respectively, Metropolitan Volodymyr Sterniuk and Patriarch Mstyslav, met in Lviv during anniversary commemorations of the 1918 proclamation of the Western Ukrainian National Republic.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where was the UAOC protest held?
A: near St. Sophia’s Cathedral', '
Q: Who were in the cathedral at the time of the protest?
A: Russian Orthodox Church Patriarch Aleksei and Metropolitan Filaret', '
Q: What had Aleksei and Filaret been up to at the time of the protest?
A: liturgy']
On January 13, 1991, Soviet troops, along with the KGB Spetsnaz Alpha Group, stormed the Vilnius TV Tower in Lithuania to suppress the independence movement. Fourteen unarmed civilians were killed and hundreds more injured. On the night of July 31, 1991, Russian OMON from Riga, the Soviet military headquarters in the Baltics, assaulted the Lithuanian border post in Medininkai and killed seven Lithuanian servicemen. This event further weakened the Soviet Union's position internationally and domestically, and stiffened Lithuanian resistance.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was attacked by Soviet troops on January 13?
A: Vilnius TV Tower', '
Q: Where was the TV Tower located?
A: Lithuania', '
Q: What were the Soviets hoping to stop?
A: independence movement', '
Q: How many civilians died in the attack?
A: Fourteen', '
Q: What was attacked by Russians on July 31?
A: Lithuanian border post in Medininkai']
Faced with growing separatism, Gorbachev sought to restructure the Soviet Union into a less centralized state. On August 20, 1991, the Russian SFSR was scheduled to sign a New Union Treaty that would have converted the Soviet Union into a federation of independent republics with a common president, foreign policy and military. It was strongly supported by the Central Asian republics, which needed the economic advantages of a common market to prosper. However, it would have meant some degree of continued Communist Party control over economic and social life.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was Gorbachev attempting to decentralize? 
A: Soviet Union', '
Q: What was supposed to be signed on August 20?
A: New Union Treaty', '
Q: Who supported the treaty?
A: Central Asian republics,', '
Q: What would have maintained power if the treaty was signed?
A: Communist Party']
More radical reformists were increasingly convinced that a rapid transition to a market economy was required, even if the eventual outcome meant the disintegration of the Soviet Union into several independent states. Independence also accorded with Yeltsin's desires as president of the Russian Federation, as well as those of regional and local authorities to get rid of Moscow’s pervasive control. In contrast to the reformers' lukewarm response to the treaty, the conservatives, "patriots," and Russian nationalists of the USSR – still strong within the CPSU and the military – were opposed to weakening the Soviet state and its centralized power structure.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did radicals want to change the economy to?
A: market economy', '
Q: What were they prepared to have happen to the Soviet Union in order to get a market economy?
A: disintegration', '
Q: What was Yeltsin president of?
A: the Russian Federation,', '
Q: Whose control were regional authorities hoping to do away with?
A: Moscow’s']
Thousands of Muscovites came out to defend the White House (the Russian Federation's parliament and Yeltsin's office), the symbolic seat of Russian sovereignty at the time. The organizers tried but ultimately failed to arrest Yeltsin, who rallied opposition to the coup with speech-making atop a tank. The special forces dispatched by the coup leaders took up positions near the White House, but members refused to storm the barricaded building. The coup leaders also neglected to jam foreign news broadcasts, so many Muscovites watched it unfold live on CNN. Even the isolated Gorbachev was able to stay abreast of developments by tuning into BBC World Service on a small transistor radio.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who arrived to protect the White House?
A: Muscovites', '
Q: Who did the organizers want to arrest?
A: Yeltsin', '
Q: Where was Yeltsin during the coup?
A: atop a tank', '
Q: What was Yeltsin doing on the tank?
A: speech-making', '
Q: What TV channel carried the broadcast of the coup?
A: CNN']
On December 8, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus secretly met in Belavezhskaya Pushcha, in western Belarus, and signed the Belavezha Accords, which proclaimed the Soviet Union had ceased to exist and announced formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as a looser association to take its place. They also invited other republics to join the CIS. Gorbachev called it an unconstitutional coup. However, by this time there was no longer any reasonable doubt that, as the preamble of the Accords put it, "the USSR, as a subject of international law and a geopolitical reality, is ceasing its existence."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where was the secret meeting of the leaders?
A: Belarus', '
Q: What was signed at the secret meeting in Balarus?
A: Belavezha Accords', '
Q: When was the meeting held?
A: December 8', '
Q: What was formed to replace the Soviet Union?
A: the Commonwealth of Independent States', '
Q: What was coming to an end?
A: the USSR']
On December 12, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR formally ratified the Belavezha Accords and renounced the 1922 Union Treaty. The Russian deputies were also recalled from the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The legality of this action was questionable, since Soviet law did not allow a republic to unilaterally recall its deputies. However, no one in either Russia or the Kremlin objected. Any objections from the latter would have likely had no effect, since the Soviet government had effectively been rendered impotent long before December. In effect, the largest and most powerful republic had seceded from the Union. Later that day, Gorbachev hinted for the first time that he was considering stepping down.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When were the Belavezha Accords ratified?
A: December 12', '
Q: Who ratified the Accords?
A: the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR', '
Q: Who was recalled?
A: Russian deputies', '
Q: Who showed signs that he was considering resigning his position?
A: Gorbachev']
Doubts remained over the authority of the Belavezha Accords to disband the Soviet Union, since they were signed by only three republics. However, on December 21, 1991, representatives of 11 of the 12 former republics – all except Georgia – signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, which confirmed the dissolution of the Union and formally established the CIS. They also "accepted" Gorbachev's resignation. While Gorbachev hadn't made any formal plans to leave the scene yet, he did tell CBS News that he would resign as soon as he saw that the CIS was indeed a reality.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which republic did not sign the Alma-Ata Protocol?
A: Georgia', '
Q: How many of the former republics had representatives sign the Protocol?
A: 11', '
Q: What did the Protocol establish?
A: CIS', '
Q: What was dissolved by the Protocol?
A: Union', '
Q: Which news organization did Gorbachev talk to about his resignation plans? 
A: CBS']
In a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, "I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics." He declared the office extinct, and all of its powers (such as control of the nuclear arsenal) were ceded to Yeltsin. A week earlier, Gorbachev had met with Yeltsin and accepted the fait accompli of the Soviet Union's dissolution. On the same day, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR adopted a statute to change Russia's legal name from "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" to "Russian Federation," showing that it was now a sovereign state.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did Gorbachev resign?
A: December 25, 1991', '
Q: Who was given control after Gorbachev left?
A: Yeltsin', "
Q: What was Russia's new legal name?
A: Russian Federation", '
Q: What was the Russian Federations previous legal name?
A: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic']
On the night of December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time, after Gorbachev left the Kremlin, the Soviet flag was lowered for the last time, and the Russian tricolor was raised in its place, symbolically marking the end of the Soviet Union. The next day, December 26, 1991, the Council of Republics, the upper chamber of the Union's Supreme Soviet, issued a formal Declaration recognizing that the Soviet Union had ceased to exist as a state and subject of international law, and voted both itself and the Soviet Union out of existence (the other chamber of the Supreme Soviet, the Council of the Union, had been unable to work since December 12, 1991, when the recall of the Russian deputies left it without a quorum). The following day Yeltsin moved into Gorbachev's former office, though the Russian authorities had taken over the suite two days earlier. By December 31, 1991, the few remaining Soviet institutions that had not been taken over by Russia ceased operation, and individual republics assumed the central government's role.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What went down after Gorbachev departed from the Kremlin?
A: Soviet flag', '
Q: What replaced the Soviet flag?
A: Russian tricolor', '
Q: When did Gorbachev make his final Kremlin exit?
A: December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time', '
Q: What was declared as having ceased to exist?
A: the Soviet Union', "
Q: What body also stopped existing following a vote by itself to end itself?
A: upper chamber of the Union's Supreme Soviet,"]
The Alma-Ata Protocol also addressed other issues, including UN membership. Notably, Russia was authorized to assume the Soviet Union's UN membership, including its permanent seat on the Security Council. The Soviet Ambassador to the UN delivered a letter signed by Russian President Yeltsin to the UN Secretary-General dated December 24, 1991, informing him that by virtue of the Alma-Ata Protocol, Russia was the successor state to the USSR. After being circulated among the other UN member states, with no objection raised, the statement was declared accepted on the last day of the year, December 31, 1991.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Which country took over the Soviet Union's UN membership?
A: Russia", '
Q: What made Russia the successor state to the USSR?
A: Alma-Ata Protocol', '
Q: Who wrote the letter to the UN secretary general informing them that Russia would be replacing the USSR?
A: Yeltsin', '
Q: What was the date on the Yeltsin letter?
A: December 24, 1991', '
Q: When did the UN accept the statement?
A: December 31, 1991']
On November 18, 1990, the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church enthroned Mstyslav as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine during ceremonies at Saint Sophia's Cathedral. Also on November 18, Canada announced that its consul-general to Kiev would be Ukrainian-Canadian Nestor Gayowsky. On November 19, the United States announced that its consul to Kiev would be Ukrainian-American John Stepanchuk. On November 19, the chairmen of the Ukrainian and Russian parliaments, respectively, Kravchuk and Yeltsin, signed a 10-year bilateral pact. In early December 1990 the Party of Democratic Rebirth of Ukraine was founded; on December 15, the Democratic Party of Ukraine was founded.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was set up as Patriarch of Kiev and all Ukraine on the 18th of November?
A: Mstyslav', '
Q: Who gave Mstyslav this title?
A: Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church', '
Q: Who was the Canadian consul-general to Kiev?
A: Nestor Gayowsky', '
Q: What country made John Stepanchuk its consul-general to Kiev?
A: United States', '
Q: How long lasting was the pact between Kravchuk and Yeltsin?
A: 10-year']
According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being crucified. He was then hung for six hours (according to Mark's Gospel) between two convicted thieves. During this time, the soldiers affixed a sign to the top of the cross stating "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" in three languages. They then divided his garments among them, but cast lots for his seamless robe. After Jesus' death they pierced his side with a spear to be certain that he had died. The Bible records seven statements that Jesus made while he was on the cross, as well as several supernatural events that occurred.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was the person that tried Jesus?
A: Pontius Pilate', '
Q: How long was Jesus hung for?
A: six hours', "
Q: What did the sign say on top of Jesus' cross?
A: Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews", '
Q: What was done to make sure Jesus was dead?
A: they pierced his side with a spear', '
Q: How many statements did Jesus make on the cross?
A: seven statements']
The baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus. James Dunn states that these "two facts in the life of Jesus command almost universal assent" and "rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts" that they are often the starting points for the study of the historical Jesus. Bart Ehrman states that the crucifixion of Jesus on the orders of Pontius Pilate is the most certain element about him. John Dominic Crossan states that the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be. Eddy and Boyd state that it is now "firmly established" that there is non-Christian confirmation of the crucifixion of Jesus. Craig Blomberg states that most scholars in the third quest for the historical Jesus consider the crucifixion indisputable. Christopher M. Tuckett states that, although the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine, one of the indisputable facts about him is that he was crucified.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is one of the historical certain facts about Jesus?
A: baptism of Jesus', '
Q: Do non-Christians agree that the Crucifixion happened?
A: the crucifixion of Jesus is as certain as any historical fact can be', '
Q: Is the exact reason known that Jesus got Crucified for?
A: the exact reasons for the death of Jesus are hard to determine', '
Q: Who said the Crucifixion of Jesus is firmly established.
A: Eddy', '
Q: Who said the Baptism of Jesus was Univeral Assent?
A: James Dunn']
Although almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary, the 1968 archeological discovery just northeast of Jerusalem of the body of a crucified man dated to the 1st century provided good confirmatory evidence that crucifixions occurred during the Roman period roughly according to the manner in which the crucifixion of Jesus is described in the gospels. The crucified man was identified as Yehohanan ben Hagkol and probably died about 70 AD, around the time of the Jewish revolt against Rome. The analyses at the Hadassah Medical School estimated that he died in his late 20s. Another relevant archaeological find, which also dates to the 1st century AD, is an unidentified heel bone with a spike discovered in a Jerusalem gravesite, now held by the Israel Antiquities Authority and displayed in the Israel Museum.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Are all sources of the crucification literary?
A: almost all ancient sources relating to crucifixion are literary', '
Q: What evidence was found that Crucifixion did happen?
A: the 1968 archeological discovery', '
Q: Who was the crucified man discovered in an archaeological find?
A: ben Hagkol', '
Q: When was Ben Hagkol crucified?
A: about 70 AD', '
Q: What institution holds a heel bone with a spike inserted?
A: Israel Museum']
The earliest detailed accounts of the death of Jesus are contained in the four canonical gospels. There are other, more implicit references in the New Testament epistles. In the synoptic gospels, Jesus predicts his death in three separate episodes. All four Gospels conclude with an extended narrative of Jesus' arrest, trial, crucifixion, burial, and accounts of resurrection. In each Gospel these five events in the life of Jesus are treated with more intense detail than any other portion of that Gospel's narrative. Scholars note that the reader receives an almost hour-by-hour account of what is happening.:p.91

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What holds the records of the death of Jesus?
A: four canonical gospels', '
Q: What part of the Bible references the death of Jesus?
A: New Testament epistles', '
Q: How many times did Jesus predict his own death?
A: three', "
Q: What part of Jesus' life is detailed in these gospels?
A: Jesus' arrest, trial, crucifixion, burial, and accounts of resurrection", "
Q: How detailed is the description of Jesus' death?
A: hour-by-hour account"]
Combining statements in the canonical Gospels produces the following account: Jesus was arrested in Gethsemane following the Last Supper with the Twelve Apostles, and then stood trial before the Sanhedrin (a Jewish judicial body), Pontius Pilate (a Roman authority in Judaea), and Herod Antipas (king of Judea, appointed by Rome), before being handed over for crucifixion by the chief priests of the Jews. After being flogged, Jesus was mocked by Roman soldiers as the "King of the Jews", clothed in a purple robe, crowned with thorns, beaten and spat on. Jesus then had to make his way to the place of his crucifixion.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where was Jesus arrested?
A: Gethsemane', '
Q: What did Jesus do before he was arrested?
A: the Last Supper', '
Q: How many Apostles were there at the Last Supper?
A: Twelve Apostles', '
Q: How was Jesus tortured before he was crucified?
A: flogged', "
Q: What was placed on Jesus' head?
A: crowned with thorns"]
Once at Golgotha, Jesus was offered wine mixed with gall to drink. Matthew's and Mark's Gospels record that he refused this. He was then crucified and hung between two convicted thieves. According to some translations from the original Greek, the thieves may have been bandits or Jewish rebels. According to Mark's Gospel, he endured the torment of crucifixion for some six hours from the third hour, at approximately 9 am, until his death at the ninth hour, corresponding to about 3 pm. The soldiers affixed a sign above his head stating "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" in three languages, divided his garments and cast lots for his seamless robe. The Roman soldiers did not break Jesus' legs, as they did to the other two men crucified (breaking the legs hastened the crucifixion process), as Jesus was dead already. Each gospel has its own account of Jesus' last words, seven statements altogether. In the Synoptic Gospels, various supernatural events accompany the crucifixion, including darkness, an earthquake, and (in Matthew) the resurrection of saints. Following Jesus' death, his body was removed from the cross by Joseph of Arimathea and buried in a rock-hewn tomb, with Nicodemus assisting.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was Jesus offered to drink after his arrest?
A: wine mixed with gall', '
Q: Where was Jesus Crucified?
A: hung between two convicted thieves', '
Q: How many hours did Jesus endure Crucifixion?
A: six hours', "
Q: How many accounts are there of Jesus' last words?
A: seven statements altogether", '
Q: Who removed Jesus from the cross?
A: Joseph of Arimathea']