romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
This is a socio-economic bloc of nations in or near the Caribbean Sea. Other outlying member states include the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and the Republic of Suriname in South America, along with Belize in Central America. The Turks and Caicos Islands, an associate member of CARICOM, and the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, a full member of CARICOM, are in the Atlantic, but near to the Caribbean. Other nearby nations or territories, such as the United States, are not members (although the US Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has observer status, and the United States Virgin Islands announced in 2007 they would seek ties with CARICOM). Bermuda, at roughly a thousand miles from the Caribbean Sea, has little trade with, and little economically in common with, the region, and joined primarily to strengthen cultural links.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did the Virgin Islands announce in 2007?
A: they would seek ties with CARICOM', '
Q: Why did Bermuda join CARICOM?
A: primarily to strengthen cultural links.', '
Q: Who has "observer status" to CARICOM?
A: US Commonwealth of Puerto Rico']
Bermuda was colonised by the English as an extension of Virginia and has long had close ties with the US Atlantic Seaboard and Canadian Maritimes as well as the UK. It had a history of African slavery, although Britain abolished it decades before the US. Since the 20th century, there has been considerable immigration to Bermuda from the West Indies, as well as continued immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands. Unlike immigrants from British colonies in the West Indies, the latter immigrants have had greater difficulty in becoming permanent residents as they lacked British citizenship, mostly spoke no English, and required renewal of work permits to remain beyond an initial period. From the 1950s onwards, Bermuda relaxed its immigration laws, allowing increased immigration from Britain and Canada. Some Black politicians accused the government of using this device to counter the West Indian immigration of previous decades.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Why did the English originally colonize Bermuda?
A: an extension of Virginia', '
Q: What two areas have provided a constant stream of immigration to Bermuda since the 20th century?
A: West Indies, as well as continued immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands', '
Q: Why have these recent immigrants had trouble becoming permanent residents?
A: they lacked British citizenship', '
Q: When did Bermuda ease up on its immigration laws?
A: 1950s', '
Q: Why were Black politicians upset about the change in immigration laws?
A: accused the government of using this device to counter the West Indian immigration of previous decades.']
The PLP, the party in government when the decision to join CARICOM was made, has been dominated for decades by West Indians and their descendants. (The prominent roles of West Indians among Bermuda's black politicians and labour activists predated party politics in Bermuda, as exemplified by Dr. E. F. Gordon). The late PLP leader, Dame Lois Browne-Evans, and her Trinidadian-born husband, John Evans (who co-founded the West Indian Association of Bermuda in 1976), were prominent members of this group. They have emphasised Bermuda's cultural connections with the West Indies. Many Bermudians, both black and white, who lack family connections to the West Indies have objected to this emphasis.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What cultural group has dominated the PLP?
A: West Indians and their descendants.', '
Q: Who are two prominent members of the PLP?
A: Dame Lois Browne-Evans, and her Trinidadian-born husband, John Evans', "
Q: What are Dame Lois Browne-Evans and her husband putting an emphasis on?
A: Bermuda's cultural connections with the West Indies", '
Q: Why are some Bermudians against the emphasis of West Indies cultural connections?
A: Many Bermudians, both black and white, who lack family connections to the West Indies']
Once known as "the Gibraltar of the West" and "Fortress Bermuda", Bermuda today is defended by forces of the British government. For the first two centuries of settlement, the most potent armed force operating from Bermuda was its merchant shipping fleet, which turned to privateering at every opportunity. The Bermuda government maintained a local militia. After the American Revolutionary War, Bermuda was established as the Western Atlantic headquarters of the Royal Navy. Once the Royal Navy established a base and dockyard defended by regular soldiers, however, the militias were disbanded following the War of 1812. At the end of the 19th century, the colony raised volunteer units to form a reserve for the military garrison.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Due to the British goverment\'s defense forces, what are two nicknames for bermuda?
A: the Gibraltar of the West" and "Fortress Bermuda"', "
Q: What did Bermuda's merchant shipping fleet do whenever it had the chance?
A: turned to privateering", '
Q: What was Bermuda established as after the American Revolutionary War?
A: Western Atlantic headquarters of the Royal Navy.', '
Q: When were the militias in Bermuda disbanded?
A: following the War of 1812', '
Q: How did the colony form a military garrison in the 19th century?
A: raised volunteer units to form a reserve']
In May 1940, the US requested base rights in Bermuda from the United Kingdom, but British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was initially unwilling to accede to the American request without getting something in return. In September 1940, as part of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement, the UK granted the US base rights in Bermuda. Bermuda and Newfoundland were not originally included in the agreement, but both were added to it, with no war material received by the UK in exchange. One of the terms of the agreement was that the airfield the US Army built would be used jointly by the US and the UK (which it was for the duration of the war, with RAF Transport Command relocating there from Darrell's Island in 1943).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did the US ask of Britain in May 1940?
A: base rights in Bermuda', '
Q: What did the Destroyers for Bases Agreement do?
A: granted the US base rights in Bermuda', '
Q: What was one thing the UK wanted in return for granting access to Bermuda?
A: the airfield the US Army built would be used jointly by the US and the UK', '
Q: Who was the Prime Minister who reached this agreement with the US?
A: Winston Churchill']
Construction began in 1941 of two airbases consisting of 5.8 km2 (2.2 sq mi) of land, largely reclaimed from the sea. For many years, Bermuda's bases were used by US Air Force transport and refuelling aircraft and by US Navy aircraft patrolling the Atlantic for enemy submarines, first German and, later, Soviet. The principal installation, Kindley Air Force Base on the eastern coast, was transferred to the US Navy in 1970 and redesignated Naval Air Station Bermuda. As a naval air station, the base continued to host both transient and deployed USN and USAF aircraft, as well as transitioning or deployed Royal Air Force and Canadian Forces aircraft.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did the US begin building in 1941?
A: two airbases', '
Q: Who primarily used the bases in Bermuda?
A: US Air Force transport and refuelling aircraft and by US Navy aircraft', '
Q: What was the navy patrolling for?
A: enemy submarines, first German and, later, Soviet', '
Q: What was the Naval Air Station Bermuda originally?
A: Kindley Air Force Base', '
Q: What is the Naval Air Station used for?
A: host both transient and deployed USN and USAF aircraft, as well as transitioning or deployed Royal Air Force and Canadian Forces aircraft.']
The original NAS Bermuda on the west side of the island, a seaplane base until the mid-1960s, was designated as the Naval Air Station Bermuda Annex. It provided optional anchorage and/or dockage facilities for transiting US Navy, US Coast Guard and NATO vessels, depending on size. An additional US Navy compound known as Naval Facility Bermuda (NAVFAC Bermuda), a SOSUS station, was located to the west of the Annex near a Canadian Forces communications facility. Although leased for 99 years, US forces withdrew in 1995, as part of the wave of base closures following the end of the Cold War.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the NAS primarily a base for?
A: seaplane', '
Q: What did the NAS Bermuda offer once designated Annex?
A: anchorage and/or dockage facilities for transiting US Navy, US Coast Guard and NATO vessels', '
Q: What is located west of the NAS Annex?
A: additional US Navy compound known as Naval Facility Bermuda', '
Q: What happened at the end of the Cold War?
A: US forces withdrew']
Bermudians served in the British armed forces during both World War I and World War II. After the latter, Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert, Bermuda's highest-ranking soldier, was instrumental in developing the Bermuda Regiment. A number of other Bermudians and their descendants had preceded him into senior ranks, including Bahamian-born Admiral Lord Gambier, and Bermudian-born Royal Marines Brigadier Harvey. When promoted to Brigadier at age 39, following his wounding at the Anzio landings, Harvey became the youngest-ever Royal Marine Brigadier. The Cenotaph in front of the Cabinet Building (in Hamilton) was erected in tribute to Bermuda's Great War dead (the tribute was later extended to Bermuda's Second World War dead) and is the site of the annual Remembrance Day commemoration.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did Bermudians serve in the British Armed forces?
A: World War I and World War II', "
Q: Who was key to establishing Bermuda's Regiment?
A: Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert", '
Q: Who was the youngest Royal Marine Brigadier?
A: Brigadier Harvey', "
Q: What is the site for Bermuda's Remembrance Day?
A: Cenotaph in front of the Cabinet Building"]
In 1970 the country switched its currency from the Bermudian pound to the Bermudian dollar, which is pegged at par with the US dollar. US notes and coins are used interchangeably with Bermudian notes and coins within the islands for most practical purposes; however, banks levy an exchange rate fee for the purchase of US dollars with Bermudian dollars. Bermudian notes carry the image of Queen Elizabeth II. The Bermuda Monetary Authority is the issuing authority for all banknotes and coins, and regulates financial institutions. The Royal Naval Dockyard Museum holds a permanent exhibition of Bermuda notes and coins.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the new currency in Bermuda as of 1970?
A: Bermudian dollar', '
Q: The Bermudian dollar is equal to what other currency and can be used interchangeably?
A: US dollar', '
Q: Who is pictured on Bermudian dollars?
A: Queen Elizabeth II.', '
Q: Where can you see a permanent exhibition of Bermuda currency?
A: Royal Naval Dockyard Museum', '
Q: Who regulates all financial institutions as well as the issuing of money?
A: Bermuda Monetary Authority']
Bermuda is an offshore financial centre, which results from its minimal standards of business regulation/laws and direct taxation on personal or corporate income. It has one of the highest consumption taxes in the world and taxes all imports in lieu of an income tax system. Bermudas's consumption tax is equivalent to local income tax to local residents and funds government and infrastructure expenditures. The local tax system depends upon import duties, payroll taxes and consumption taxes. The legal system is derived from that of the United Kingdom, with recourse to English courts of final appeal. Foreign private individuals cannot easily open bank accounts or subscribe to mobile phone or internet services.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Why is Bermuda considered an offshore financial center?
A: minimal standards of business regulation/laws and direct taxation on personal or corporate income', '
Q: What does it do in place of an income tax system?
A: taxes all imports', "
Q: What is Bermuda's legal system derived from?
A: United Kingdom, with recourse to English courts of final appeal", '
Q: What three things does the tax system depend on?
A: import duties, payroll taxes and consumption taxes', '
Q: What does Bermuda use the consumption tax for?
A: funds government and infrastructure expenditures']
There are four hundred securities listed on the stock exchange, of which almost three hundred are offshore funds and alternative investment structures attracted by Bermuda's regulatory environment. The Exchange specialises in listing and trading of capital market instruments such as equities, debt issues, funds (including hedge fund structures) and depository receipt programmes. The BSX is a full member of the World Federation of Exchanges and is located in an OECD member nation. It also has Approved Stock Exchange status under Australia's Foreign Investment Fund (FIF) taxation rules and Designated Investment Exchange status by the UK's Financial Services Authority.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What does the Exchange specialize in?
A: listing and trading of capital market instruments such as equities, debt issues, funds', '
Q: What is the BSX a member of?
A: the World Federation of Exchanges', '
Q: Where is the BSX located?
A: an OECD member nation', '
Q: Which foreign country offers the BSX Approved Stock Exchange Status?
A: Australia']
Many sports popular today were formalised by British Public schools and universities in the 19th century. These schools produced the civil servants and military and naval officers required to build and maintain the British empire, and team sports were considered a vital tool for training their students to think and act as part of a team. Former public schoolboys continued to pursue these activities, and founded organisations such as the Football Association (FA). Today's association of football with the working classes began in 1885 when the FA changed its rules to allow professional players.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who created and popularized many of the sports that we love today?
A: British Public schools and universities in the 19th century', '
Q: Why were sports important in these schools?
A: sports were considered a vital tool for training their students to think and act as part of a team', '
Q: Who founded organizations like the FA?
A: Former public schoolboys', '
Q: What changed in 1885 due to the FA changing rules?
A: association of football with the working classes']
The professionals soon displaced the amateur ex-Public schoolboys. Bermuda's role as the primary Royal Navy base in the Western Hemisphere, with an army garrison to match, ensured that the naval and military officers quickly introduced the newly formalised sports to Bermuda, including cricket, football, Rugby football, and even tennis and rowing (rowing did not adapt well from British rivers to the stormy Atlantic. The officers soon switched to sail racing, founding the Royal Bermuda Yacht Club). Once these sports reached Bermuda, they were eagerly adopted by Bermudians.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What happened to the Public schoolboys in these sports?
A: professionals soon displaced the amateur ex-Public schoolboys', "
Q: How were sports introduced in Bermuda?
A: Bermuda's role as the primary Royal Navy base in the Western Hemisphere,", '
Q: Which sport did not transfer well to Bermuda?
A: rowing', '
Q: Which sport was quickly adopted?
A: sail racing']
Bermuda's national cricket team participated in the Cricket World Cup 2007 in the West Indies. Their most famous player is a 130 kilograms (290 lb) police officer named Dwayne Leverock. But India defeated Bermuda and set a record of 413 runs in a One-Day International (ODI). Bermuda were knocked out of the World Cup. Also very well-known is David Hemp, a former captain of Glamorgan in English first class cricket. The annual "Cup Match" cricket tournament between rival parishes St George's in the east and Somerset in the west is the occasion for a popular national holiday. This tournament began in 1872 when Captain Moresby of the Royal Navy introduced the game to Bermuda, holding a match at Somerset to mark forty years since the unjust thraldom of slavery. The East End versus West End rivalry resulted from the locations of the St. George's Garrison (the original army headquarters in Bermuda) on Barrack Hill, St. George's, and the Royal Naval Dockyard at Ireland Island. Moresby founded the Somerset Cricket Club which plays the St. George's Cricket Club in this game (the membership of both clubs has long been mostly civilian).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What Bermuda sport team participated in the 2007 world cup?
A: national cricket team', "
Q: Who is Bermuda's most popular Cricket player?
A: Dwayne Leverock", '
Q: Who defeated Bermuda?
A: India', '
Q: What began in 1872 when the game of cricket was introduced to Bermuda?
A: annual "Cup Match"', '
Q: Why is there an East End/West End rivalry?
A: rivalry resulted from the locations']
At the 2004 Summer Olympics, Bermuda competed in sailing, athletics, swimming, diving, triathlon and equestrian events. In those Olympics, Bermuda's Katura Horton-Perinchief made history by becoming the first black female diver to compete in the Olympic Games. Bermuda has had one Olympic medallist, Clarence Hill, who won a bronze medal in boxing. Bermuda also competed in Men's Skeleton at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. Patrick Singleton placed 19th, with a final time of 1:59.81. Jillian Teceira competed in the Beijing Olympics in 2008. It is tradition for Bermuda to march in the Opening Ceremony in Bermuda shorts, regardless of the summer or winter Olympic celebration. Bermuda also competes in the biennial Island Games, which it hosted in 2013.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What events did Bermuda compete in at the 2004 Summer Olympics?
A: sailing, athletics, swimming, diving, triathlon and equestrian events', '
Q: What did Katura Horton-Perinchief do?
A: made history by becoming the first black female diver to compete in the Olympic Games.', '
Q: What is the only medal Bermuda has ever won?
A: bronze medal in boxing.', '
Q: What is the Olympic tradition for Bermuda, regardless of season?
A: march in the Opening Ceremony in Bermuda shorts']
Bermuda has developed a proud Rugby Union community. The Bermuda Rugby Union team won the 2011 Caribbean championships, defeating Guyana in the final. They previously beat The Bahamas and Mexico to take the crown. Rugby 7's is also played, with four rounds scheduled to take place in the 2011–2012 season. The Bermuda 7's team competed in the 2011 Las Vegas 7's, defeating the Mexican team. There are four clubs on the island: (1) Police (2) Mariners (3) Teachers (4) Renegades. There is a men's and women's competition–current league champions are Police (Men) (winning the title for the first time since the 1990s) and Renegades (women's). Games are currently played at Warwick Academy. Bermuda u/19 team won the 2010 Caribbean Championships.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who won the 2011 Caribbean championships?
A: The Bermuda Rugby Union team', '
Q: How many clubs are on the island?
A: There are four clubs on the island', '
Q: Who are the reigning league champions?
A: Police (Men)', "
Q: Where are the Women's games played?
A: Warwick Academy.", '
Q: What did the Bermuda u/19 team win?
A: 2010 Caribbean Championships']
Modern-day Nigeria has been the site of numerous kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia. The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century, and the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960, and plunged into a civil war from 1967 to 1970. It has since alternated between democratically-elected civilian governments and military dictatorships, until it achieved a stable democracy in 1999, with its 2011 presidential elections being viewed as the first to be conducted reasonably freely and fairly.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did the Southern and Northern Nigeria Protectorates merge?
A: 1914', '
Q: Which empire ruled Nigeria as a colony?
A: British', '
Q: When did Nigeria become independent from Britain?
A: 1960', '
Q: When did a Nigerian Civil War begin?
A: 1967', '
Q: When did Nigeria have a fair presidential election?
A: 2011']
Nigeria is often referred to as the "Giant of Africa", owing to its large population and economy. With approximately 182 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world. The country is viewed as a multinational state, as it is inhabited by over 500 ethnic groups, of which the three largest are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba; these ethnic groups speak over 500 different languages, and are identified with wide variety of cultures. The official language is English. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians, who live mostly in the southern part of the country, and Muslims in the northern part. A minority of the population practise religions indigenous to Nigeria, such as those native to Igbo and Yoruba peoples.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Which country is called the 'Giant of Africa'?
A: Nigeria", '
Q: How many people live in Nigeria?
A: 182 million', '
Q: How does Nigeria rank among the largest-population countries in the world?
A: seventh', '
Q: How many languages are spoken by Nigerians?
A: over 500', "
Q: What is Nigeria's official language?
A: English"]
As of 2015[update], Nigeria is the world's 20th largest economy, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively. It overtook South Africa to become Africa's largest economy in 2014. Also, the debt-to-GDP ratio is only 11 percent, which is 8 percent below the 2012 ratio. Nigeria is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank; It has been identified as a regional power on the African continent, a middle power in international affairs, and has also been identified as an emerging global power. Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries, which are widely seen as the globe's next "BRIC-like" economies. It is also listed among the "Next Eleven" economies set to become among the biggest in the world. Nigeria is a founding member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, OPEC, and the United Nations amongst other international organisations.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is Nigeria's 2015 GDP?
A: $500 billion", "
Q: What is Nigeria's 2015 purchasing power parity?
A: $1 trillion", "
Q: When did Nigeria's economy become larger than South Africa's?
A: 2014", '
Q: What is the largest economy in Africa?
A: Nigeria', "
Q: What is Nigeria's debt-to-GDP ratio? 
A: 11 percent"]
Since 2002, the North East of the country has seen sectarian violence by Boko Haram, an Islamist movement that seeks to abolish the secular system of government and establish Sharia law. Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan in May 2014 claimed that Boko Haram attacks have left at least 12,000 people dead and 8,000 people crippled. At the same time, neighbouring countries, Benin, Chad, Cameroon and Niger joined Nigeria in a united effort to combat Boko Haram in the aftermath of a world media highlighted kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls and the spread of Boko Haram attacks to these countries.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did Boko Haram become active in Nigeria?
A: 2002', '
Q: Who is the President of Nigeria?
A: Goodluck Jonathan', '
Q: How many people had Boko Haram killed by May 2014?
A: at least 12,000', '
Q: How many schoolgirls did Boko Haram kidnap?
A: 276']