romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
The earliest writers on sexual orientation usually understood it to be intrinsically linked to the subject's own sex. For example, it was thought that a typical female-bodied person who is attracted to female-bodied persons would have masculine attributes, and vice versa. This understanding was shared by most of the significant theorists of sexual orientation from the mid nineteenth to early twentieth century, such as Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, Richard von Krafft-Ebing, Magnus Hirschfeld, Havelock Ellis, Carl Jung, and Sigmund Freud, as well as many gender-variant homosexual people themselves. However, this understanding of homosexuality as sexual inversion was disputed at the time, and, through the second half of the twentieth century, gender identity came to be increasingly seen as a phenomenon distinct from sexual orientation. Transgender and cisgender people may be attracted to men, women, or both, although the prevalence of different sexual orientations is quite different in these two populations. An individual homosexual, heterosexual or bisexual person may be masculine, feminine, or androgynous, and in addition, many members and supporters of lesbian and gay communities now see the "gender-conforming heterosexual" and the "gender-nonconforming homosexual" as negative stereotypes. Nevertheless, studies by J. Michael Bailey and Kenneth Zucker found a majority of the gay men and lesbians sampled reporting various degrees of gender-nonconformity during their childhood years.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Early writers linked orientation to what concept?
A: the subject's own sex", '
Q: What theorists agreed with this concept?
A: Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, Richard von Krafft-Ebing, Magnus Hirschfeld, Havelock Ellis, Carl Jung, and Sigmund Freud,', '
Q: What two things became to be seen as distinct from one another?
A: gender identity came to be increasingly seen as a phenomenon distinct from sexual orientation', '
Q: What negative stereotypes have emerged from this understanding?
A: gender-conforming heterosexual" and the "gender-nonconforming homosexual', '
Q: What did a majority of gay men and women experience in their childhood?
A: gender-nonconformity', '
Q: What did gender idenity become to be seen as?
A: phenomenon distinct from sexual orientation', '
Q: What can be considered to be bad stereotypes to gay communities?
A: "gender-conforming heterosexual" and the "gender-nonconforming homosexual"', '
Q: Who performed the studies that found most homosexual people having different degrees of gender issues?
A: Michael Bailey and Kenneth Zucker', '
Q: What was thought of early lesbians and gay men?
A: it was thought that a typical female-bodied person who is attracted to female-bodied persons would have masculine attributes, and vice versa.', '
Q: In these studies when was the gender-noncomformity experienced?
A: during their childhood years.']
In the United States, non-Caucasian LGBT individuals may find themselves in a double minority, where they are neither fully accepted or understood by mainly Caucasian LGBT communities, nor are they accepted by their own ethnic group. Many people experience racism in the dominant LGBT community where racial stereotypes merge with gender stereotypes, such that Asian-American LGBTs are viewed as more passive and feminine, while African-American LGBTs are viewed as more masculine and aggressive. There are a number of culturally specific support networks for LGBT individuals active in the United States. For example, "Ô-Môi" for Vietnamese American queer females.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who is finding themselves in a double minority in the US?
A: non-Caucasian LGBT', '
Q: What is an example of a stereotype found in this double minority?
A: Asian-American LGBTs are viewed as more passive and feminine', '
Q: What do the non-Caucasian LGBT experience?
A: neither fully accepted or understood by mainly Caucasian LGBT communities, nor are they accepted by their own ethnic group', '
Q: What is an example of a culturally specific support network?
A: Ô-Môi" for Vietnamese American queer females.', '
Q: Where can lgbt people who are not white find themselves in the united states?
A: in a double minority,', '
Q: What does it mean for the LGBT people who are in a double monority?
A: they are neither fully accepted or understood by mainly Caucasian LGBT communities, nor are they accepted by their own ethnic group', '
Q: What do many people in the dominant LGBT community face?
A: racism', '
Q: Why is racism so bad in the non white LGBT community?
A: racial stereotypes merge with gender stereotypes', '
Q: What is the name of the Vietnamese American support network for the LGBT community?
A: Ô-Môi']
Some research suggests that "[f]or some [people] the focus of sexual interest will shift at various points through the life span..." "There... [was, as of 1995,] essentially no research on the longitudinal stability of sexual orientation over the adult life span... It [was]... still an unanswered question whether... [the] measure [of 'the complex components of sexual orientation as differentiated from other aspects of sexual identity at one point in time'] will predict future behavior or orientation. Certainly, it is... not a good predictor of past behavior and self-identity, given the developmental process common to most gay men and lesbians (i.e., denial of homosexual interests and heterosexual experimentation prior to the coming-out process)." Some studies report that "[a number of] lesbian women, and some heterosexual women as well, perceive choice as an important element in their sexual orientations."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Can a persons sexual interest change over different times in their life?
A: Some research suggests that "[f]or some [people] the focus of sexual interest will shift at various points through the life span', '
Q: Until 1995 what had no studies done concerning sexual orientation?
A: longitudinal stability of sexual orientation over the adult life span.', "
Q: What can possibly predict the future orientation a persons sexual idenity?
A: . [the] measure [of 'the complex components of sexual orientation as differentiated from other aspects of sexual identity at one point in time']", '
Q: What do some lesbian woman see as important part of the sexual orientation?
A: choice']
In 2012, the Pan American Health Organization (the North and South American branch of the World Health Organization) released a statement cautioning against services that purport to "cure" people with non-heterosexual sexual orientations as they lack medical justification and represent a serious threat to the health and well-being of affected people, and noted that the global scientific and professional consensus is that homosexuality is a normal and natural variation of human sexuality and cannot be regarded as a pathological condition. The Pan American Health Organization further called on governments, academic institutions, professional associations and the media to expose these practices and to promote respect for diversity. The World Health Organization affiliate further noted that gay minors have sometimes been forced to attend these "therapies" involuntarily, being deprived of their liberty and sometimes kept in isolation for several months, and that these findings were reported by several United Nations bodies. Additionally, the Pan American Health Organization recommended that such malpractices be denounced and subject to sanctions and penalties under national legislation, as they constitute a violation of the ethical principles of health care and violate human rights that are protected by international and regional agreements.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did part of the world health organization release a statement about curing homosexuals?
A: 2012,', '
Q: Why did the Pan American Health Organization release this statement?
A: they lack medical justification and represent a serious threat to the health and well-being of affected people,', '
Q: What condition do they state cannot be linked to homosexuality?
A: pathological condition', '
Q: What did the Pan American Health organization say these treatments violated?
A: violation of the ethical principles of health care and violate human rights that are protected by international and regional agreements.', '
Q: What did the Pan American Health Organization reccomend for those who used treatment to stop homosexuality?
A: that such malpractices be denounced and subject to sanctions and penalties under national legislation,']
The Kinsey scale provides a classification of sexual orientation based on the relative amounts of heterosexual and homosexual experience or psychic response in one's history at a given time. The classification scheme works such that individuals in the same category show the same balance between the heterosexual and homosexual elements in their histories. The position on the scale is based on the relation of heterosexuality to homosexuality in one's history, rather than the actual amount of overt experience or psychic response. An individual can be assigned a position on the scale in accordance with the following definitions of the points of the scale:

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What does the Kinsey scale provide a classification for?
A: sexual orientation based on the relative amounts of heterosexual and homosexual experience or psychic response in one's history at a given time.", '
Q: How does the classifiacation scheme work on the Kinsey scale?
A: such that individuals in the same category show the same balance between the heterosexual and homosexual elements in their histories', "
Q: What is the position on the Kinsey scale based on?
A: relation of heterosexuality to homosexuality in one's history", '
Q: What positions does the KInsey scale not use?
A: the actual amount of overt experience or psychic response']
The Sell Assessment of Sexual Orientation (SASO) was developed to address the major concerns with the Kinsey Scale and Klein Sexual Orientation Grid and as such, measures sexual orientation on a continuum, considers various dimensions of sexual orientation, and considers homosexuality and heterosexuality separately. Rather than providing a final solution to the question of how to best measure sexual orientation, the SASO is meant to provoke discussion and debate about measurements of sexual orientation.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What does SASO stand for?
A: Sell Assessment of Sexual Orientation', '
Q: Why was SASO created?
A: to address the major concerns with the Kinsey Scale and Klein Sexual Orientation Grid', '
Q: What did SASO find wrong with the KInsey scale and Klein Sexual Orientation Grid?
A: measures sexual orientation on a continuum, considers various dimensions of sexual orientation, and considers homosexuality and heterosexuality separately', "
Q: What is one of SASO's main goals?
A: providing a final solution to the question of how to best measure sexual orientation", '
Q: What is SASO causing discussion and debate about?
A: measurements of sexual orientation.']
As there is no research indicating which of the three components is essential in defining sexual orientation, all three are used independently and provide different conclusions regarding sexual orientation. Savin Williams (2006) discusses this issue and notes that by basing findings regarding sexual orientation on a single component, researchers may not actually capture the intended population. For example, if homosexual is defined by same sex behavior, gay virgins are omitted, heterosexuals engaging in same sex behavior for other reasons than preferred sexual arousal are miscounted, and those with same sex attraction who only have opposite-sex relations are excluded. Because of the limited populations that each component captures, consumers of research should be cautious in generalizing these findings.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How are the three component used to determine sexual orientation?
A: all three are used independently and provide different conclusions regarding sexual orientation', '
Q: When did Savin WIlliams talk about the issues with these components?
A: (2006)', '
Q: What issues to Savin address during this talk?
A: basing findings regarding sexual orientation on a single component, researchers may not actually capture the intended population', '
Q: Why does basing sexual orientation on one component cause problems?
A: Because of the limited populations that each component captures', '
Q: How should consumers of the research approach these findings?
A: should be cautious in generalizing these findings.']
More recently, scientists have started to focus on measuring changes in brain activity related to sexual arousal, by using brain-scanning techniques. A study on how heterosexual and homosexual men's brains react to seeing pictures of naked men and women has found that both hetero- and homosexual men react positively to seeing their preferred sex, using the same brain regions. The only significant group difference between these orientations was found in the amygdala, a brain region known to be involved in regulating fear.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What have scientists started spending the most time on?
A: measuring changes in brain activity related to sexual arousal', '
Q: How do scientiest measure brain activity?
A: by using brain-scanning techniques', '
Q: How did both gay and straight men react to pictures of both naked men and women?
A: positively', '
Q: What was the only difference in the study between gay and straight men?
A: The only significant group difference between these orientations was found in the amygdala,', '
Q: What does the amygdala region of the brain do?
A: known to be involved in regulating fear.']
Perceived sexual orientation may affect how a person is treated. For instance, in the United States, the FBI reported that 15.6% of hate crimes reported to police in 2004 were "because of a sexual-orientation bias". Under the UK Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003, as explained by Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service, "workers or job applicants must not be treated less favourably because of their sexual orientation, their perceived sexual orientation or because they associate with someone of a particular sexual orientation".

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What can affect how a person is treated?
A: Perceived sexual orientation', '
Q: What percent of hate crimes did the FBI relate to sexual orientation bias?
A: 15.6%', '
Q: When was the UK emloyment eequality (sexual orientation) regulations law take effect?
A: 2003,', '
Q: Under this law what does this state that is required by employers?
A: workers or job applicants must not be treated less favourably because of their sexual orientation']
Most definitions of sexual orientation include a psychological component, such as the direction of an individual's erotic desires, or a behavioral component, which focuses on the sex of the individual's sexual partner/s. Some people prefer simply to follow an individual's self-definition or identity. Scientific and professional understanding is that "the core attractions that form the basis for adult sexual orientation typically emerge between middle childhood and early adolescence". Sexual orientation differs from sexual identity in that it encompasses relationships with others, while sexual identity is a concept of self.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What do the majority of defintions surronding sexual orientation include?
A: psychological component, such as the direction of an individual's erotic desires, or a behavioral component", "
Q: What does a behaviorial component focus on when defining sexual orientation?
A: focuses on the sex of the individual's sexual partner/s.", "
Q: What do other people use to determine a persons sexual idenity?
A: an individual's self-definition", '
Q: When do scientists and professions agree that sexual orientation shows in a person?
A: typically emerge between middle childhood and early adolescence', '
Q: What is the difference between sexual idenity and sexual orientation?
A: sexual identity in that it encompasses relationships with others, while sexual identity is a concept of self.']
In the oft-cited and oft-criticized Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953), by Alfred C. Kinsey et al., people were asked to rate themselves on a scale from completely heterosexual to completely homosexual. Kinsey reported that when the individuals' behavior as well as their identity are analyzed, most people appeared to be at least somewhat bisexual — i.e., most people have some attraction to either sex, although usually one sex is preferred. According to Kinsey, only a minority (5–10%) can be considered fully heterosexual or homosexual.[citation needed] Conversely, only an even smaller minority can be considered fully bisexual (with an equal attraction to both sexes). Kinsey's methods have been criticized as flawed, particularly with regard to the randomness of his sample population, which included prison inmates, male prostitutes and those who willingly participated in discussion of previously taboo sexual topics. Nevertheless, Paul Gebhard, subsequent director of the Kinsey Institute for Sex Research, reexamined the data in the Kinsey Reports and concluded that removing the prison inmates and prostitutes barely affected the results.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which two studies where created by Alfred C. KInsey?
A: In the oft-cited and oft-criticized Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953', '
Q: What where people asked to do in these research studies?
A: people were asked to rate themselves on a scale from completely heterosexual to completely homosexual.', "
Q: What did KInsey find during these studies ?
A: that when the individuals' behavior as well as their identity are analyzed, most people appeared to be at least somewhat bisexual", '
Q: In Kinseys mind what percentage of people are considered to be fully heterosexual or homosexual?
A: (5–10%', '
Q: Why do people say KInseys work is not correct?
A: the randomness of his sample population,']
Innate bisexuality is an idea introduced by Sigmund Freud. According to this theory, all humans are born bisexual in a very broad sense of the term, that of incorporating general aspects of both sexes. In Freud's view, this was true anatomically and therefore also psychologically, with sexual attraction to both sexes being one part of this psychological bisexuality. Freud believed that in the course of sexual development the masculine side would normally become dominant in men and the feminine side in women, but that as adults everyone still has desires derived from both the masculine and the feminine sides of their natures. Freud did not claim that everyone is bisexual in the sense of feeling the same level of sexual attraction to both genders.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What idea did Sigmund Freud bring to the table?
A: Innate bisexuality', '
Q: What does Sigmunds idea theorize?
A: all humans are born bisexual', '
Q: Why did SIgmund believe all humans are born bisexual?
A: this was true anatomically and therefore also psychologically, with sexual attraction to both sexes being one part of this psychological bisexuality', '
Q: What does Sigmund believe we all as adults desire?
A: both the masculine and the feminine sides of their natures', '
Q: Even though Sigmund believed all people where born bisexual what did he not believe to be true?
A: that everyone is bisexual in the sense of feeling the same level of sexual attraction to both genders']
These categories are aspects of the more nuanced nature of sexual identity and terminology. For example, people may use other labels, such as pansexual or polysexual, or none at all. According to the American Psychological Association, sexual orientation "also refers to a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions". Androphilia and gynephilia are terms used in behavioral science to describe sexual orientation as an alternative to a gender binary conceptualization. Androphilia describes sexual attraction to masculinity; gynephilia describes the sexual attraction to femininity. The term sexual preference largely overlaps with sexual orientation, but is generally distinguished in psychological research. A person who identifies as bisexual, for example, may sexually prefer one sex over the other. Sexual preference may also suggest a degree of voluntary choice, whereas the scientific consensus is that sexual orientation is not a choice.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Whar words may people use for sexual idenity?
A: pansexual or polysexual,', "
Q: What does the American Pyschological Association say sexual orientation refers to?
A: a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions", '
Q: What terms does behavorial science use instead of using gender binary conceptualization?
A: Androphilia and gynephilia', '
Q: What is androphilia used to describe?
A: sexual attraction to masculinity', '
Q: What is gynephilia used to describe?
A: the sexual attraction to femininity']
The American Psychological Association states that "[s]exual orientation refers to an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, or both sexes" and that "[t]his range of behaviors and attractions has been described in various cultures and nations throughout the world. Many cultures use identity labels to describe people who express these attractions. In the United States, the most frequent labels are lesbians (women attracted to women), gay men (men attracted to men), and bisexual people (men or women attracted to both sexes). However, some people may use different labels or none at all". They additionally state that sexual orientation "is distinct from other components of sex and gender, including biological sex (the anatomical, physiological, and genetic characteristics associated with being male or female), gender identity (the psychological sense of being male or female), and social gender role (the cultural norms that define feminine and masculine behavior)". According to psychologists, sexual orientation also refers to a person’s choice of sexual partners, who may be homosexual, heterosexual, or bisexual.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What does the American Physocological Association say that sexual orientation refers to?
A: an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, or both sexes', '
Q: What do a lot of cultures use to describe homosexual people?
A: identity labels', '
Q: What are the most used labels in America to describe homosexuals?
A: lesbians (women attracted to women), gay men (men attracted to men), and bisexual people (men or women attracted to both sexes).', '
Q: What do psychologists says sexual orientation can also mean?
A: a person’s choice of sexual partners']