romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Sichuan is one of the major industrial centers of China. In addition to heavy industries such as coal, energy, iron and steel, the province has also established a light industrial sector comprising building materials, wood processing, food and silk processing. Chengdu and Mianyang are the production centers for textiles and electronics products. Deyang, Panzhihua, and Yibin are the production centers for machinery, metallurgical industries, and wine, respectively. Sichuan's wine production accounted for 21.9% of the country’s total production in 2000.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are some major industrial outputs of Sichuan?
A: coal, energy, iron and steel', '
Q: What areas are major areas of production for textiles and electronics?
A: Chengdu and Mianyang', "
Q: How much of China's wine did Sichuan produce in 2000?
A: 21.9%", '
Q: Which city in Sichuan is known for its machinery production?
A: Deyang', '
Q: Which city in Sichuan is known for its metallurgical industries?
A: Panzhihua']
The Three Gorges Dam, the largest dam ever constructed, is being built on the Yangtze River in nearby Hubei province to control flooding in the Sichuan Basin, neighboring Yunnan province, and downstream. The plan is hailed by some as China's efforts to shift towards alternative energy sources and to further develop its industrial and commercial bases, but others have criticised it for its potentially harmful effects, such as massive resettlement of residents in the reservoir areas, loss of archeological sites, and ecological damages.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the largest dam ever built in the world?
A: Three Gorges Dam', '
Q: On which river is the Three Gorges Dam built?
A: Yangtze River', '
Q: What is the purpose of the Three Gorges Dam?
A: to control flooding in the Sichuan Basin, neighboring Yunnan province, and downstream', '
Q: What are some reasons for the opposition of the Three Gorges Dam?
A: massive resettlement of residents in the reservoir areas, loss of archeological sites, and ecological damages.']
According to the Sichuan Department of Commerce, the province's total foreign trade was US$22.04 billion in 2008, with an annual increase of 53.3 percent. Exports were US$13.1 billion, an annual increase of 52.3 percent, while imports were US$8.93 billion, an annual increase of 54.7 percent. These achievements were accomplished because of significant changes in China's foreign trade policy, acceleration of the yuan's appreciation, increase of commercial incentives and increase in production costs. The 18 cities and counties witnessed a steady rate of increase. Chengdu, Suining, Nanchong, Dazhou, Ya'an, Abazhou, and Liangshan all saw an increase of more than 40 percent while Leshan, Neijiang, Luzhou, Meishan, Ziyang, and Yibin saw an increase of more than 20 percent. Foreign trade in Zigong, Panzhihua, Guang'an, Bazhong and Ganzi remained constant.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: By how much did foreign trade increase in Sichuan in 2008?
A: 53.3 percent', '
Q: What was the export level of Sichuan in 2008?
A: US$13.1 billion', '
Q: What was the import level of Sichuan in 2008?
A: US$8.93 billion', "
Q: What cities saw an increase in foreign trade of more than 40% in 2008?
A: Chengdu, Suining, Nanchong, Dazhou, Ya'an, Abazhou, and Liangshan"]
The Sichuan government raised the minimum wage in the province by 12.5 percent at the end of December 2007. The monthly minimum wage went up from 400 to 450 yuan, with a minimum of 4.9 yuan per hour for part-time work, effective 26 December 2007. The government also reduced the four-tier minimum wage structure to three. The top tier mandates a minimum of 650 yuan per month, or 7.1 yuan per hour. National law allows each province to set minimum wages independently, but with a floor of 450 yuan per month.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: By how much did Sichuan increase minimum wage in December 2007?
A: 12.5 percent', '
Q: What was the new monthly minimum wage in Sichuan by January 2008?
A: 450 yuan', '
Q: What was the minimum hourly wage in Sichuan on December 28, 2007?
A: 4.9 yuan', '
Q: What is the national minimum monthly wage in China?
A: 450 yuan per month']
Chengdu Economic and Technological Development Zone (Chinese: 成都经济技术开发区; pinyin: Chéngdū jīngjì jìshù kāifā qū) was approved as state-level development zone in February 2000. The zone now has a developed area of 10.25 km2 (3.96 sq mi) and has a planned area of 26 km2 (10 sq mi). Chengdu Economic and Technological Development Zone (CETDZ) lies 13.6 km (8.5 mi) east of Chengdu, the capital city of Sichuan Province and the hub of transportation and communication in southwest China. The zone has attracted investors and developers from more than 20 countries to carry out their projects there. Industries encouraged in the zone include mechanical, electronic, new building materials, medicine and food processing.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was the Chengdu Economic and Technological Development Zone approved?
A: February 2000', '
Q: What is the planned size of the Chengdu Economic and Technological Development Zone?
A: CETDZ', '
Q: How far east of Chengdu is CETDZ?
A: 8.5 mi', '
Q: What is the capital city of Sichuan?
A: Chengdu', '
Q: How many countries are represented by the investors and developers of the CETDZ?
A: 20']
Established in 1988, Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone (Chinese: 成都高新技术产业开发区; pinyin: Chéngdū Gāoxīn Jìshù Chǎnyè Kāifā Qū) was approved as one of the first national hi-tech development zones in 1991. In 2000, it was open to APEC and has been recognized as a national advanced hi-tech development zone in successive assessment activities held by China's Ministry of Science and Technology. It ranks 5th among the 53 national hi-tech development zones in China in terms of comprehensive strength.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was the Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone established?
A: 1988', '
Q: When was the Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone approved?
A: 1991', '
Q: The Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone is what rank of 53 in China terms of comprehensive strength?
A: 5th']
Chengdu Hi-tech Development Zone covers an area of 82.5 km2 (31.9 sq mi), consisting of the South Park and the West Park. By relying on the city sub-center, which is under construction, the South Park is focusing on creating a modernized industrial park of science and technology with scientific and technological innovation, incubation R&D, modern service industry and Headquarters economy playing leading roles. Priority has been given to the development of software industry. Located on both sides of the "Chengdu-Dujiangyan-Jiuzhaigou" golden tourism channel, the West Park aims at building a comprehensive industrial park targeting at industrial clustering with complete supportive functions. The West Park gives priority to three major industries i.e. electronic information, biomedicine and precision machinery.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Which Parks make up the Chengdu Hi-tech Development Zone?
A: South Park and the West Park', '
Q: Which industries does West Park give priority to?
A: electronic information, biomedicine and precision machinery', '
Q: What is the focus of the South Park?
A: creating a modernized industrial park of science and technology', '
Q: What industry does South Park give priority to?
A: software industry']
Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone was established in 1992, with a planned area of 43 km2 (17 sq mi). The zone is situated 96 kilometers away from Chengdu, and is 8 km (5.0 mi) away from Mianyang Airport. Since its establishment, the zone accumulated 177.4 billion yuan of industrial output, 46.2 billion yuan of gross domestic product, fiscal revenue 6.768 billion yuan. There are more than 136 high-tech enterprises in the zone and they accounted for more than 90% of the total industrial output.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the planned area of the Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone?
A: 17 sq mi', '
Q: What is the distance between the Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone and Mianyang Airport?
A: 8 km', '
Q: How much value has Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone  output since inception?
A: 177.4 billion yuan', '
Q: How many high-tech enterprises are present in the Mianyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone ?
A: 136']
On 3 November 2007, the Sichuan Transportation Bureau announced that the Sui-Yu Expressway was completed after three years of construction. After completion of the Chongqing section of the road, the 36.64 km (22.77 mi) expressway connected Cheng-Nan Expressway and formed the shortest expressway from Chengdu to Chongqing. The new expressway is 50 km (31 mi) shorter than the pre-existing road between Chengdu and Chongqing; thus journey time between the two cities was reduced by an hour, now taking two and a half hours. The Sui-Yu Expressway is a four lane overpass with a speed limit of 80 km/h (50 mph). The total investment was 1.045 billion yuan.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How long did it take to complete the Sui-Yu Expressway?
A: three years', '
Q: After the newest expressway was completed, what was the new travel time between Chengdu and Chongqing?
A: two and a half hours', '
Q: What is the speed limit on the Sui-Yu Expressway?
A: 80 km/h (50 mph)', '
Q: What was the total cost of the Sui-Yu Expressway?
A: 1.045 billion yuan', '
Q: How many lanes make up the Sui-Yu Expressway?
A: four lane']
The majority of the province's population is Han Chinese, who are found scattered throughout the region with the exception of the far western areas. Thus, significant minorities of Tibetan, Yi, Qiang and Nakhi people reside in the western portion that are impacted by inclement weather and natural disasters, environmentally fragile, and impoverished. Sichuan's capital of Chengdu is home to a large community of Tibetans, with 30,000 permanent Tibetan residents and up to 200,000 Tibetan floating population. The Eastern Lipo, included with either the Yi or the Lisu people, as well as the A-Hmao, also are among the ethnic groups of the provinces.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What race is the majority of Sichuan?
A: Han Chinese', '
Q: What is one of the largest minorities in Chengdu?
A: Tibetan', '
Q: Which part of Sichuan has the worst weather and subjected to natural disasters?
A: far western areas.', '
Q: How many permanent Tibetan people live in Chengdu?
A: 30,000']
Sichuan was China's most populous province before Chongqing became a directly-controlled municipality; it is currently the fourth most populous, after Guangdong, Shandong and Henan. As of 1832, Sichuan was the most populous of the 18 provinces in China, with an estimated population at that time of 21 million. It was the third most populous sub-national entity in the world, after Uttar Pradesh, India and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic until 1991, when the Soviet Union was dissolved. It is also one of the only six to ever reach 100 million people (Uttar Pradesh, Russian RSFSR, Maharashtra, Sichuan, Bihar and Punjab). It is currently 10th.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are the three most populist provinces in China?
A: Guangdong, Shandong and Henan', '
Q: What was the population of Sichuan in 1832?
A: 21 million', '
Q: What is the tenth most populous sub-national entity in the world?
A: Sichuan', '
Q: How many sub-national entities have surpassed 100 million people in total?
A: six', '
Q: In what year was the Soviet Union disbanded?
A: 1991']
Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in western Sichuan are populated by Tibetans and Qiang people. Tibetans speak the Khams and Amdo Tibetan, which are Tibetic languages, as well as various Qiangic languages. The Qiang speak Qiangic languages and often Tibetic languages as well. The Yi people of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in southern Sichuan speak the Nuosu language, which is one of the Lolo-Burmese languages; Yi is written using the Yi script, a syllabary standardized in 1974. The Southwest University for Nationalities has one of China's most prominent Tibetology departments, and the Southwest Minorities Publishing House prints literature in minority languages. In the minority inhabited regions of Sichuan, there is bi-lingual signage and public school instruction in non-Mandarin minority languages.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are the largest minorities of western Sichuan?
A: Tibetans and Qiang', '
Q: What languages do Tibetans in Sichuan speak?
A: Khams and Amdo Tibetan', '
Q: What language do the Yi people speak?
A: Nuosu', '
Q: In what year was the language of the Yi people standardized?
A: 1974', "
Q: Which University houses one of China's most prominent Tibetology departments?
A: Southwest University for Nationalities"]
Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems. Developed in conjunction with the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) standard and published as The Unicode Standard, the latest version of Unicode contains a repertoire of more than 120,000 characters covering 129 modern and historic scripts, as well as multiple symbol sets. The standard consists of a set of code charts for visual reference, an encoding method and set of standard character encodings, a set of reference data files, and a number of related items, such as character properties, rules for normalization, decomposition, collation, rendering, and bidirectional display order (for the correct display of text containing both right-to-left scripts, such as Arabic and Hebrew, and left-to-right scripts). As of June 2015[update], the most recent version is Unicode 8.0. The standard is maintained by the Unicode Consortium.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was Unicode published as?
A: The Unicode Standard', '
Q: What was unicode developed in conjunction with?
A: Universal Coded Character Set (UCS)', '
Q: What is the most recent version of Unicode?
A: Unicode 8.0', '
Q: Who maintains the Unicode Standard? 
A: Unicode Consortium', '
Q: Unicode contains how many thousands of characters in its repertoire? 
A: 120,000 characters']
Unicode can be implemented by different character encodings. The most commonly used encodings are UTF-8, UTF-16 and the now-obsolete UCS-2. UTF-8 uses one byte for any ASCII character, all of which have the same code values in both UTF-8 and ASCII encoding, and up to four bytes for other characters. UCS-2 uses a 16-bit code unit (two 8-bit bytes) for each character but cannot encode every character in the current Unicode standard. UTF-16 extends UCS-2, using one 16-bit unit for the characters that were representable in UCS-2 and two 16-bit units (4 × 8 bits) to handle each of the additional characters.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are the most commonly used encodings of Unicode?
A: UTF-8, UTF-16 and the now-obsolete UCS-2', '
Q: What does UTF-8 use in terms of bytes? 
A: UTF-8 uses one byte for any ASCII character', '
Q: What does UTF-16 expand? 
A: UCS-2', '
Q: What type of code does UCS-2 use?
A: 16-bit code unit', '
Q: How are two 16-bit units used? 
A: (4 × 8 bits']
Unicode has the explicit aim of transcending the limitations of traditional character encodings, such as those defined by the ISO 8859 standard, which find wide usage in various countries of the world but remain largely incompatible with each other. Many traditional character encodings share a common problem in that they allow bilingual computer processing (usually using Latin characters and the local script), but not multilingual computer processing (computer processing of arbitrary scripts mixed with each other).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the aim of Unicode?
A: transcending the limitations of traditional character encodings', "
Q: Traditional character encodings don't allow what type of computer processing?
A: multilingual computer processing", '
Q: What is multilingual computer processing?
A: (computer processing of arbitrary scripts mixed with each other', '
Q: Bilingual computer processing uses what characters?
A: usually using Latin characters', '
Q: What is the major limitation of traditional character encodings?
A: wide usage in various countries of the world but remain largely incompatible with each other']
The first 256 code points were made identical to the content of ISO-8859-1 so as to make it trivial to convert existing western text. Many essentially identical characters were encoded multiple times at different code points to preserve distinctions used by legacy encodings and therefore, allow conversion from those encodings to Unicode (and back) without losing any information. For example, the "fullwidth forms" section of code points encompasses a full Latin alphabet that is separate from the main Latin alphabet section because in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) fonts, these Latin characters are rendered at the same width as CJK ideographs, rather than at half the width. For other examples, see Duplicate characters in Unicode.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What were the first 256 code points of Unicode made identical to? 
A: ISO-8859-1', '
Q: Why were the first 256 code points made identical to ISO-8859-1?
A: to make it trivial to convert existing western text', '
Q: What does the "fullwidth forms" section of code points encompass?
A: a full Latin alphabet that is separate from the main Latin alphabet', '
Q: What are the CJK languages referenced?
A: Chinese, Japanese, and Korean']
In 1996, a surrogate character mechanism was implemented in Unicode 2.0, so that Unicode was no longer restricted to 16 bits. This increased the Unicode codespace to over a million code points, which allowed for the encoding of many historic scripts (e.g., Egyptian Hieroglyphs) and thousands of rarely used or obsolete characters that had not been anticipated as needing encoding. Among the characters not originally intended for Unicode are rarely used Kanji or Chinese characters, many of which are part of personal and place names, making them rarely used, but much more essential than envisioned in the original architecture of Unicode.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When was a surrogate character mechanism implemented in Unicode 2.0?
A: 1996', '
Q: Why was a surrogate character mechanism implemented?
A: so that Unicode was no longer restricted to 16 bits', '
Q: What are some characters not originally intended for Unicode? 
A: rarely used Kanji or Chinese characters', '
Q: Why are some foreign characters rarely used? 
A: many of which are part of personal and place names', '
Q: Why was the Unicode 2.0 codespace increased? 
A: allowed for the encoding of many historic scripts']
Each code point has a single General Category property. The major categories are: Letter, Mark, Number, Punctuation, Symbol, Separator and Other. Within these categories, there are subdivisions. The General Category is not useful for every use, since legacy encodings have used multiple characteristics per single code point. E.g., U+000A <control-000A> Line feed (LF) in ASCII is both a control and a formatting separator; in Unicode the General Category is "Other, Control". Often, other properties must be used to specify the characteristics and behaviour of a code point. The possible General Categories are:

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are the General Categories of Unicode?
A: Letter, Mark, Number, Punctuation, Symbol, Separator and Other', '
Q: What type of use is the General Category not helpful for?
A: not useful for every use, since legacy encodings have used multiple characteristics per single code point', '
Q: What is the General Category in Unicode?
A: Other, Control', '
Q: How many General Category properties does each code point have?
A: a single General Category property', '
Q: What exists within the main Unicode categories? 
A: subdivisions']
Code points in the range U+D800–U+DBFF (1,024 code points) are known as high-surrogate code points, and code points in the range U+DC00–U+DFFF (1,024 code points) are known as low-surrogate code points. A high-surrogate code point (also known as a leading surrogate) followed by a low-surrogate code point (also known as a trailing surrogate) together form a surrogate pair used in UTF-16 to represent 1,048,576 code points outside BMP. High and low surrogate code points are not valid by themselves. Thus the range of code points that are available for use as characters is U+0000–U+D7FF and U+E000–U+10FFFF (1,112,064 code points). The value of these code points (i.e., excluding surrogates) is sometimes referred to as the character's scalar value.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are code points in the range U+D800-U+DBFF known as? 
A: high-surrogate code points', '
Q: What are code points in the range U+DC00-U+DFFF known as? 
A: low-surrogate code points', '
Q: what is another name for a high-surrogate code point? 
A: leading surrogate', '
Q: what is another name for a low-surrogate code point? 
A: trailing surrogate', "
Q: What is known as a character's scalar value? 
A: the range of code points that are available for use as characters"]
The set of graphic and format characters defined by Unicode does not correspond directly to the repertoire of abstract characters that is representable under Unicode. Unicode encodes characters by associating an abstract character with a particular code point. However, not all abstract characters are encoded as a single Unicode character, and some abstract characters may be represented in Unicode by a sequence of two or more characters. For example, a Latin small letter "i" with an ogonek, a dot above, and an acute accent, which is required in Lithuanian, is represented by the character sequence U+012F, U+0307, U+0301. Unicode maintains a list of uniquely named character sequences for abstract characters that are not directly encoded in Unicode.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is an ogonek? 
A: a dot above', '
Q: How does Unicode encode characters?
A: associating an abstract character with a particular code point', '
Q: How are some abstract characters represented in Unicode?
A: a sequence of two or more characters']
All graphic, format, and private use characters have a unique and immutable name by which they may be identified. This immutability has been guaranteed since Unicode version 2.0 by the Name Stability policy. In cases where the name is seriously defective and misleading, or has a serious typographical error, a formal alias may be defined, and applications are encouraged to use the formal alias in place of the official character name. For example, U+A015 ꀕ YI SYLLABLE WU has the formal alias yi syllable iteration mark, and U+FE18 ︘ PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL RIGHT WHITE LENTICULAR BRAKCET (sic) has the formal alias presentation form for vertical right white lenticular bracket.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What policy guaranteed that characters have a unique and immutable name?
A: Name Stability policy', '
Q: What happens when a name is defective or misleading?
A: a formal alias may be defined', '
Q: How long has this name immutability been guaranteed? 
A: since Unicode version 2.0']
Unicode is developed in conjunction with the International Organization for Standardization and shares the character repertoire with ISO/IEC 10646: the Universal Character Set. Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 function equivalently as character encodings, but The Unicode Standard contains much more information for implementers, covering—in depth—topics such as bitwise encoding, collation and rendering. The Unicode Standard enumerates a multitude of character properties, including those needed for supporting bidirectional text. The two standards do use slightly different terminology.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was Unicode developed in conjunction with?
A: International Organization for Standardization', '
Q: What does Unicode share a character repertoire with?
A: the Universal Character Set', '
Q: What includes topics like bitwise encoding, collation, and rendering?
A: The Unicode Standard', '
Q: What do the two standards differ in? 
A: slightly different terminology']