romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Despite New York's heavy reliance on its vast public transit system, streets are a defining feature of the city. Manhattan's street grid plan greatly influenced the city's physical development. Several of the city's streets and avenues, like Broadway, Wall Street, Madison Avenue, and Seventh Avenue are also used as metonyms for national industries there: the theater, finance, advertising, and fashion organizations, respectively.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What industry is Broadway associated with?
A: the theater', '
Q: What industry is Wall Street associated with?
A: finance', '
Q: What industry is Madison Avenue associated with?
A: advertising', '
Q: What New York street is associated with fashion?
A: Seventh Avenue']
New York City also has an extensive web of expressways and parkways, which link the city's boroughs to each other as well as to northern New Jersey, Westchester County, Long Island, and southwestern Connecticut through various bridges and tunnels. Because these highways serve millions of outer borough and suburban residents who commute into Manhattan, it is quite common for motorists to be stranded for hours in traffic jams that are a daily occurrence, particularly during rush hour.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: At what time are drivers in New York most likely to experience traffic jams?
A: rush hour', '
Q: What geographical portion of Connecticut is linked to New York via highway?
A: southwestern', '
Q: What part of New Jersey can be reached from New York by taking the expressway?
A: northern']
New York City is located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, and the boroughs of Manhattan and Staten Island are (primarily) coterminous with islands of the same names, while Queens and Brooklyn are located at the west end of the larger Long Island, and The Bronx is located at the southern tip of New York State's mainland. This situation of boroughs separated by water led to the development of an extensive infrastructure of bridges and tunnels. Nearly all of the city's major bridges and tunnels are notable, and several have broken or set records.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What island is the borough of Brooklyn located on?
A: Long Island', '
Q: Queens is located on what part of Long Island?
A: the west end', '
Q: The borough of Staten Island is primarily located on what island?
A: Staten Island']
The Queensboro Bridge is an important piece of cantilever architecture. The Manhattan Bridge, Throgs Neck Bridge, Triborough Bridge, and Verrazano-Narrows Bridge are all examples of Structural Expressionism.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What architectural style does the Throgs Neck Bridge reflect?
A: Structural Expressionism', '
Q: The Queensboro Bridge utilized what type of construction?
A: cantilever']
New York City has focused on reducing its environmental impact and carbon footprint. Mass transit use in New York City is the highest in the United States. Also, by 2010, the city had 3,715 hybrid taxis and other clean diesel vehicles, representing around 28% of New York's taxi fleet in service, the most of any city in North America.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many clean diesel and hybrid taxicabs did New York City have in 2010?
A: 3,715', '
Q: What percentage of the New York City cab fleet was clean diesel or hybrid in 2010?
A: 28%']
The city government was a petitioner in the landmark Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency Supreme Court case forcing the EPA to regulate greenhouse gases as pollutants. The city is also a leader in the construction of energy-efficient green office buildings, including the Hearst Tower among others. Mayor Bill de Blasio has committed to an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions between 2014 and 2050 to reduce the city's contributions to climate change, beginning with a comprehensive "Green Buildings" plan.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What percent reduction of greenhouse gases does Mayor de Blasio want to see by 2050?
A: 80%', '
Q: What is the name of a notable green office building in New York?
A: Hearst Tower', '
Q: What legal case sought to compel the Environmental Protection Agency to regular greenhouse gases?
A: Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency']
Newtown Creek, a 3.5-mile (6-kilometer) a long estuary that forms part of the border between the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, has been designated a Superfund site for environmental clean-up and remediation of the waterway's recreational and economic resources for many communities. One of the most heavily used bodies of water in the Port of New York and New Jersey, it had been one of the most contaminated industrial sites in the country, containing years of discarded toxins, an estimated 30 million US gallons (110,000 m3) of spilled oil, including the Greenpoint oil spill, raw sewage from New York City's sewer system, and other accumulation.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How long is Newtown Creek in kilometers?
A: 6', '
Q: How many cubic meters of oil is supposed to be in Newtown Creek?
A: 110,000', '
Q: What notable accidental fossil fuel discharge occurred at Newtown Creek?
A: the Greenpoint oil spill']
New York City has been a metropolitan municipality with a mayor-council form of government since its consolidation in 1898. The government of New York is more centralized than that of most other U.S. cities. In New York City, the city government is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, and welfare services.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What type of government does New York City have?
A: mayor-council', '
Q: In what year did New York City adopt the mayor-council form of government?
A: 1898']
Each borough is coextensive with a judicial district of the state Unified Court System, of which the Criminal Court and the Civil Court are the local courts, while the New York Supreme Court conducts major trials and appeals. Manhattan hosts the First Department of the Supreme Court, Appellate Division while Brooklyn hosts the Second Department. There are also several extrajudicial administrative courts, which are executive agencies and not part of the state Unified Court System.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What numbered department of the Supreme Court is located in Brooklyn?
A: Second', '
Q: In what borough is the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court located?
A: Manhattan', '
Q: What branch of government are the administrative courts a part of?
A: executive']
Uniquely among major American cities, New York is divided between, and is host to the main branches of, two different US district courts: the District Court for the Southern District of New York, whose main courthouse is on Foley Square near City Hall in Manhattan and whose jurisdiction includes Manhattan and the Bronx, and the District Court for the Eastern District of New York, whose main courthouse is in Brooklyn and whose jurisdiction includes Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island. The US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and US Court of International Trade are also based in New York, also on Foley Square in Manhattan.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what borough is the main courthouse of the District Court for the Southern District of New York located?
A: Manhattan', '
Q: What federal district court has its main courthouse in Brooklyn?
A: the Eastern District of New York', '
Q: What square is home to the US Court of International Trade?
A: Foley Square', '
Q: What federal district court has jurisdiction over Staten Island?
A: the District Court for the Eastern District of New York', '
Q: In what borough is the New York City Hall found?
A: Manhattan']
New York is the most important source of political fundraising in the United States, as four of the top five ZIP codes in the nation for political contributions are in Manhattan. The top ZIP code, 10021 on the Upper East Side, generated the most money for the 2004 presidential campaigns of George W. Bush and John Kerry. The city has a strong imbalance of payments with the national and state governments. It receives 83 cents in services for every $1 it sends to the federal government in taxes (or annually sends $11.4 billion more than it receives back). The city also sends an additional $11 billion more each year to the state of New York than it receives back.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Four-fifths of the ZIP codes that provide the highest amount of political contributions in the United States are located in what borough?
A: Manhattan', '
Q: What ZIP code was responsible for the greatest amount of contributions in the 2004 presidential election for both candidates?
A: 10021', '
Q: How much money in cents does New York City receive for every dollar paid in federal taxes?
A: 83', '
Q: How much more money does the city give to the state of New York annually than it receives?
A: $11 billion', '
Q: Each year, how much more money does New York City give to the federal government than it gets back?
A: $11.4 billion']
In 2006, the Sister City Program of the City of New York, Inc. was restructured and renamed New York City Global Partners. New York City has expanded its international outreach via this program to a network of cities worldwide, promoting the exchange of ideas and innovation between their citizenry and policymakers, according to the city's website. New York's historic sister cities are denoted below by the year they joined New York City's partnership network.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is the new name of the Sister City Program of the City of New York, Inc.?
A: New York City Global Partners', '
Q: In what year did the Sister City Program of the City of New York, Inc. have its name changed?
A: 2006']
To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did To Kill a Mockingbird first get circulated?
A: 1960', '
Q: What prize did To Kill a Mockingbird win?
A: Pulitzer Prize', '
Q: Who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird?
A: Harper Lee', '
Q: Who wrote the novel To Kill a Mockingbird?
A: Harper Lee', '
Q: What year was To Kill a Mockingbird first published?
A: 1960', '
Q: Whom did Lee base the characters in To Kill a Mockingbird on?
A: her family and neighbors']
As a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: To Kill a Mockingbird is widely read in which countries schools?
A: United States', '
Q: What genre of book is To Kill a Mockingbird?
A: Southern Gothic novel', '
Q: Some of the central themes of the book are what exactly?
A: racial injustice and the destruction of innocence', '
Q: Which region of America was the novel set in?
A: Deep South', '
Q: What has caused  the use of the novel in classrooms to be challenged?
A: racial epithets']
Reaction to the novel varied widely upon publication. Literary analysis of it is sparse, considering the number of copies sold and its widespread use in education. Author Mary McDonough Murphy, who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures, calls the book, "an astonishing phenomenon". In 2006, British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one "every adult should read before they die". It was adapted into an Oscar-winning film in 1962 by director Robert Mulligan, with a screenplay by Horton Foote. Since 1990, a play based on the novel has been performed annually in Harper Lee's hometown of Monroeville, Alabama.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who gathered impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird from other authors and famous people?
A: Mary McDonough Murphy', '
Q: In which year did British librarians rank To Kill a Mockingbird ahead of the Bible?
A: 2006', '
Q: When was To Kill a Mockingbird made into a movie?
A: 1962', '
Q: When did a play for the book begin to perform every year in Monroeville, Alabama?
A: 1990', '
Q: Who was the director of the adaptation of the movie?
A: Robert Mulligan', '
Q: British librarians in 2006 ranked the book ahead of what famous volume?
A: Bible', '
Q: Who wrote the screenplay for the 1962 film?
A: Horton Foote', '
Q: Who directed the 1962 film?
A: Robert Mulligan', "
Q: What is Harper Lee's hometown?
A: Monroeville, Alabama"]
To Kill a Mockingbird was Lee's only published book until Go Set a Watchman, an earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, was published on July 14, 2015. Lee continued to respond to her work's impact until her death in February 2016, although she had refused any personal publicity for herself or the novel since 1964.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did Harper Lee pass away?
A: February 2016', '
Q: What is the only other work Harper Lee published?
A: Go Set a Watchman', "
Q: What is the name of Lee's second published work?
A: Go Set a Watchman", '
Q: When was the second book published?
A: July 14, 2015', '
Q: When did Lee die?
A: February 2016']
Born in 1926, Harper Lee grew up in the Southern town of Monroeville, Alabama, where she became close friends with soon-to-be famous writer Truman Capote. She attended Huntingdon College in Montgomery (1944–45), and then studied law at the University of Alabama (1945–49). While attending college, she wrote for campus literary magazines: Huntress at Huntingdon and the humor magazine Rammer Jammer at the University of Alabama. At both colleges, she wrote short stories and other works about racial injustice, a rarely mentioned topic on such campuses at the time. In 1950, Lee moved to New York City, where she worked as a reservation clerk for British Overseas Airways Corporation; there, she began writing a collection of essays and short stories about people in Monroeville. Hoping to be published, Lee presented her writing in 1957 to a literary agent recommended by Capote. An editor at J. B. Lippincott , who bought the manuscript, advised her to quit the airline and concentrate on writing. Donations from friends allowed her to write uninterrupted for a year.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who did Harper Lee become childhood friends with?
A: Truman Capote', '
Q: What year did Harper Lee pack up to go live in New York City?
A: 1950', '
Q: What job did Harper Lee start in New York City?
A: reservation clerk', '
Q: Which state did Harper Lee spend her childhood?
A: Alabama', '
Q: What year was Harper Lee born?
A: 1926', '
Q: Who was the famous writer Lee became close friends with?
A: Truman Capote', '
Q: Where did Lee attend college?
A: Huntingdon College', '
Q: Where did Lee attend law school?
A: University of Alabama', '
Q: What publishing company bought To Kill a Mockingbird?
A: J. B. Lippincott']
After finishing the first draft and returning it to Lippincott, the manuscript, at that point titled "Go Set a Watchman", fell into the hands of Therese von Hohoff Torrey — known professionally as Tay Hohoff — a small, wiry veteran editor in her late 50s. Hohoff was impressed. “[T]he spark of the true writer flashed in every line,” she would later recount in a corporate history of Lippincott. But as Hohoff saw it, the manuscript was by no means fit for publication. It was, as she described it, “more a series of anecdotes than a fully conceived novel.” During the next couple of years, she led Lee from one draft to the next until the book finally achieved its finished form and was retitled To Kill a Mockingbird.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: The first draft of To Kill a Mockingbird was named what?
A: Go Set a Watchman', '
Q: Who was the editor who got their hands on the first draft of To Kill a Mockingbird?
A: Tay Hohoff', '
Q: What was the name of  the editor who helped Lee finish her book?
A: Therese von Hohoff Torrey']
Lee had lost her mother, who suffered from mental illness, six years before she met Hohoff at Lippincott’s offices. Her father, a lawyer on whom Atticus was modeled, would die two years after the publication of To Kill a Mockingbird.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What ailment did Harper Lee's mother suffer from?
A: mental illness", "
Q: What profession did Harper Lee's father hold?
A: lawyer", '
Q: Lee modeled the character Atticus after what laywer?
A: Her father']
Ultimately, Lee spent over two and a half years writing To Kill a Mockingbird. The book was published on July 11, 1960. After rejecting the "Watchman" title, it was initially re-titled Atticus, but Lee renamed it "To Kill a Mockingbird" to reflect that the story went beyond just a character portrait. The editorial team at Lippincott warned Lee that she would probably sell only several thousand copies. In 1964, Lee recalled her hopes for the book when she said, "I never expected any sort of success with 'Mockingbird.' ... I was hoping for a quick and merciful death at the hands of the reviewers but, at the same time, I sort of hoped someone would like it enough to give me encouragement. Public encouragement. I hoped for a little, as I said, but I got rather a whole lot, and in some ways this was just about as frightening as the quick, merciful death I'd expected." Instead of a "quick and merciful death", Reader's Digest Condensed Books chose the book for reprinting in part, which gave it a wide readership immediately. Since the original publication, the book has never been out of print.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What date did To Kill a Mockingbird begin to circulate?
A: July 11, 1960', '
Q: How long did Lee spend writing the book?
A: over two and a half years', "
Q: What publication's partial reprinting gave the book wide public exposure?
A: Reader's Digest Condensed Books"]
The story takes place during three years (1933–35) of the Great Depression in the fictional "tired old town" of Maycomb, Alabama, the seat of Maycomb County. It focuses on six-year-old Jean Louise Finch (Scout), who lives with her older brother, Jem, and their widowed father, Atticus, a middle-aged lawyer. Jem and Scout befriend a boy named Dill, who visits Maycomb to stay with his aunt each summer. The three children are terrified of, and fascinated by, their neighbor, the reclusive Arthur "Boo" Radley. The adults of Maycomb are hesitant to talk about Boo, and, for many years few have seen him. The children feed one another's imagination with rumors about his appearance and reasons for remaining hidden, and they fantasize about how to get him out of his house. After two summers of friendship with Dill, Scout and Jem find that someone leaves them small gifts in a tree outside the Radley place. Several times the mysterious Boo makes gestures of affection to the children, but, to their disappointment, he never appears in person.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where is the setting for To Kill a Mockingbird?
A: Maycomb, Alabama', '
Q: How many years does the story of To Kill a Mockingbird take place?
A: three', '
Q: How many children does the protagonist, Atticus Finch, have?
A: two', "
Q: Atticus Finch's children make friends with whom during the story?
A: Dill", '
Q: What is the name of the town the story takes place in?
A: Maycomb, Alabama', '
Q: In what historical era does the book take place?
A: the Great Depression', '
Q: Who is the main character of the book?
A: Jean Louise Finch (Scout)']
Judge Taylor appoints Atticus to defend Tom Robinson, a black man who has been accused of raping a young white woman, Mayella Ewell. Although many of Maycomb's citizens disapprove, Atticus agrees to defend Tom to the best of his ability. Other children taunt Jem and Scout for Atticus's actions, calling him a "nigger-lover". Scout is tempted to stand up for her father's honor by fighting, even though he has told her not to. Atticus faces a group of men intent on lynching Tom. This danger is averted when Scout, Jem, and Dill shame the mob into dispersing by forcing them to view the situation from Atticus' and Tom's points of view.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the name of the woman who was allegedly raped in the book?
A: Mayella Ewell', "
Q: What is the name of Atticus' client in the rape trial?
A: Tom Robinson", '
Q: Who stopped the mob by shaming them?
A: Scout, Jem, and Dill']
Atticus does not want Jem and Scout to be present at Tom Robinson's trial. No seat is available on the main floor, so by invitation of Rev. Sykes, Jem, Scout, and Dill watch from the colored balcony. Atticus establishes that the accusers—Mayella and her father, Bob Ewell, the town drunk—are lying. It also becomes clear that the friendless Mayella made sexual advances toward Tom, and that her father caught her and beat her. Despite significant evidence of Tom's innocence, the jury convicts him. Jem's faith in justice becomes badly shaken, as is Atticus', when the hapless Tom is shot and killed while trying to escape from prison.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What are the names of Atticus Finch's children in the book?
A: Jem and Scout", '
Q: Where do Jem, Scout, and Dill observe the trial of Tom Robinson?
A: balcony', '
Q: Where do the three children watch the trial?
A: the colored balcony', '
Q: What happens to Tom when he attempts to escape prison?
A: shot and killed']
Despite Tom's conviction, Bob Ewell is humiliated by the events of the trial, Atticus explaining that he "destroyed [Ewell's] last shred of credibility at that trial." Ewell vows revenge, spitting in Atticus' face, trying to break into the judge's house, and menacing Tom Robinson's widow. Finally, he attacks the defenseless Jem and Scout while they walk home on a dark night after the school Halloween pageant. One of Jem's arms is broken in the struggle, but amid the confusion someone comes to the children's rescue. The mysterious man carries Jem home, where Scout realizes that he is Boo Radley.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who did Bob Ewell attack during the story?
A: Jem and Scout', '
Q: What event did Jem and Scout attend right before they were attacked at night?
A: Halloween pageant', '
Q: Who saved Jem and Scout from Bob Ewell?
A: Boo Radley', '
Q: Who attacked Scout and Jem?
A: Bob Ewell', '
Q: Who rescued Scout and Jem?
A: Boo Radley']
Sheriff Tate arrives and discovers that Bob Ewell has died during the fight. The sheriff argues with Atticus about the prudence and ethics of charging Jem (whom Atticus believes to be responsible) or Boo (whom Tate believes to be responsible). Atticus eventually accepts the sheriff's story that Ewell simply fell on his own knife. Boo asks Scout to walk him home, and after she says goodbye to him at his front door he disappears again. While standing on the Radley porch, Scout imagines life from Boo's perspective, and regrets that they had never repaid him for the gifts he had given them.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What was the name of the police officer who discovered Bob Ewell's body?
A: Sheriff Tate", "
Q: According to Sheriff Tate's story, how did Ewell die?
A: fell on his own knife"]