romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Personnel Recovery (PR) is defined as "the sum of military, diplomatic, and civil efforts to prepare for and execute the recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel" (JP 1-02). It is the ability of the US government and its international partners to effect the recovery of isolated personnel across the ROMO and return those personnel to duty. PR also enhances the development of an effective, global capacity to protect and recover isolated personnel wherever they are placed at risk; deny an adversary's ability to exploit a nation through propaganda; and develop joint, interagency, and international capabilities that contribute to crisis response and regional stability.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What does the abbreviation PR stand for in terms of the US military?
A: Personnel Recovery', '
Q: What is the definition of a Personnel Recovery mission? 
A: military, diplomatic, and civil efforts to prepare for and execute the recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel', "
Q: What is one of the ways that PR uses its capabilities in a crisis? 
A: deny an adversary's ability to exploit a nation through propaganda", '
Q: What are the types of international duties of the PR mission? 
A: crisis response and regional stability']
Humanitarian Assistance Operations are "programs conducted to relieve or reduce the results of natural or manmade disasters or other endemic conditions such as human pain, disease, hunger, or privation that might present a serious threat to life or that can result in great damage to or loss of property. Humanitarian assistance provided by US forces is limited in scope and duration. The assistance provided is designed to supplement or complement the efforts of the host nation civil authorities or agencies that may have the primary responsibility for providing humanitarian assistance" (JP 1-02).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are programs that are designed to help with natural or manmade disaters? 
A: Humanitarian Assistance Operations', '
Q: What kind of Humanitarian assistance is supplied by the US Forces?
A: limited', '
Q: What kinds of endemic conditions do the Human Assistance Operations entail? 
A: human pain, disease, hunger, or privation that might present a serious threat to life', '
Q: Who is the Humanitarian support intended to help? 
A: host nation civil authorities or agencies']
Building Partnerships is described as airmen interacting with international airmen and other relevant actors to develop, guide, and sustain relationships for mutual benefit and security. Building Partnerships is about interacting with others and is therefore an inherently inter-personal and cross-cultural undertaking. Through both words and deeds, the majority of interaction is devoted to building trust-based relationships for mutual benefit. It includes both foreign partners as well as domestic partners and emphasizes collaboration with foreign governments, militaries and populations as well as US government departments, agencies, industry, and NGOs. To better facilitate partnering efforts, Airmen should be competent in the relevant language, region, and culture.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What does Building Partnerships relate to in the Air Force? 
A: airmen interacting with international airmen and other relevant actors', '
Q: What are the goals of the Building Partnership interactions?
A: develop, guide, and sustain relationships for mutual benefit and security', '
Q: What sort of inter-personal relationships does Building Partnerships encourage? 
A: cross-cultural', '
Q: What is the major goal of Building Partnerships in these deeds and actions?
A: building trust-based relationships for mutual benefit', '
Q: What are Airmen expected to be competent in for these Building Partnerships missions?
A: relevant language, region, and culture']
The U.S. War Department created the first antecedent of the U.S. Air Force in 1907, which through a succession of changes of organization, titles, and missions advanced toward eventual separation 40 years later. In World War II, almost 68,000 U.S airmen died helping to win the war; only the infantry suffered more enlisted casualties. In practice, the U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF) was virtually independent of the Army during World War II, but officials wanted formal independence. The National Security Act of 1947 was signed on on 26 July 1947 by President Harry S Truman, which established the Department of the Air Force, but it was not not until 18 September 1947, when the first secretary of the Air Force, W. Stuart Symington was sworn into office that the Air Force was officially formed.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who created the first version of the US Air Force in 1907?
A: U.S. War Department', '
Q: When did the US Air Force separate from the War Department? 
A: 40 years later', '
Q: How many causalities did the US Air Force suffer during WWII? 
A: 68,000', '
Q: What does the USAAF stand for? 
A: U.S. Army Air Forces', '
Q: Who signed the National Security Act of 1947? 
A: President Harry S Truman']
The act created the National Military Establishment (renamed Department of Defense in 1949), which was composed of three subordinate Military Departments, namely the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the newly created Department of the Air Force. Prior to 1947, the responsibility for military aviation was shared between the Army (for land-based operations), the Navy (for sea-based operations from aircraft carriers and amphibious aircraft), and the Marine Corps (for close air support of infantry operations). The 1940s proved to be important in other ways as well. In 1947, Captain Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier in his X-1 rocket-powered aircraft, beginning a new era of aeronautics in America.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the National Military Establishment renamed in 1949?
A: Department of Defense', '
Q: How many subordinate divisions did the National Military Establishment contain?
A: three', "
Q: What does the US Navy's responsibilities include?
A: sea-based operations from aircraft carriers and amphibious aircraft", '
Q: Who is in charge of closed air support of infantry operations? 
A: Marine Corps', '
Q: What American broke the sound barrier in 1947?
A: Captain Chuck Yeager']
During the early 2000s, the USAF fumbled several high profile aircraft procurement projects, such as the missteps on the KC-X program. Winslow Wheeler has written that this pattern represents "failures of intellect and – much more importantly – ethics." As a result, the USAF fleet is setting new records for average aircraft age and needs to replace its fleets of fighters, bombers, airborne tankers, and airborne warning aircraft, in an age of restrictive defense budgets. Finally in the midst of scandal and failure in maintaining its nuclear arsenal, the civilian and military leaders of the air force were replaced in 2008.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did the USAF have several missteps of aircraft procurement projects? 
A: early 2000s', '
Q: Who wrote that these aircraft procurement projects were a failure of intellect and ethics?
A: Winslow Wheeler', '
Q: When were the military leaders replaced after a scandal over failure to maintain its nuclear arsenal? 
A: 2008']
Since 2005, the USAF has placed a strong focus on the improvement of Basic Military Training (BMT) for enlisted personnel. While the intense training has become longer, it also has shifted to include a deployment phase. This deployment phase, now called the BEAST, places the trainees in a surreal environment that they may experience once they deploy. While the trainees do tackle the massive obstacle courses along with the BEAST, the other portions include defending and protecting their base of operations, forming a structure of leadership, directing search and recovery, and basic self aid buddy care. During this event, the Military Training Instructors (MTI) act as mentors and enemy forces in a deployment exercise.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did the USAF strive to improve since 2005?
A: Basic Military Training', '
Q: What is the deployment phase of BMT called? 
A: BEAST', '
Q: What other training do the US Air force Personnel get during BMT? 
A: directing search and recovery', '
Q: Who acts as a mentor during this deployment phase of the BMT?
A: Military Training Instructors']
In 2007, the USAF undertook a Reduction-in-Force (RIF). Because of budget constraints, the USAF planned to reduce the service's size from 360,000 active duty personnel to 316,000. The size of the active duty force in 2007 was roughly 64% of that of what the USAF was at the end of the first Gulf War in 1991. However, the reduction was ended at approximately 330,000 personnel in 2008 in order to meet the demand signal of combatant commanders and associated mission requirements. These same constraints have seen a sharp reduction in flight hours for crew training since 2005 and the Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower and Personnel directing Airmen's Time Assessments.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year did the USAF take a Reduction-in-force?
A: 2007', '
Q: Why did the USAF plan to take a reduction-in-force?
A: budget constraints', '
Q: How many USAF personnel did the reduction end in during 2008?
A: 330,000', '
Q: What has there been a sharp reduction in during the years following 2005 in the USAF?
A: flight hours for crew training']
On 5 June 2008, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, accepted the resignations of both the Secretary of the Air Force, Michael Wynne, and the Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, General T. Michael Moseley. Gates in effect fired both men for "systemic issues associated with declining Air Force nuclear mission focus and performance." This followed an investigation into two embarrassing incidents involving mishandling of nuclear weapons: specifically a nuclear weapons incident aboard a B-52 flight between Minot AFB and Barksdale AFB, and an accidental shipment of nuclear weapons components to Taiwan. The resignations were also the culmination of disputes between the Air Force leadership, populated primarily by non-nuclear background fighter pilots, versus Gates. To put more emphasis on nuclear assets, the USAF established the nuclear-focused Air Force Global Strike Command on 24 October 2008.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was Robert Gates? 
A: Secretary of Defense', '
Q: What Secretary of the Air Force resigned in 2008?
A: Michael Wynne', '
Q: Where did the US Air Force accidentally ship a component of Nuclear Weapons? 
A: Taiwan', '
Q: What US Chief of Staff of the US Air Force also resigned in June of 2008?
A: General T. Michael Moseley', '
Q: When was the Air Force Global Strike Command formed?
A: 24 October 2008']
Due to the Budget sequestration in 2013, the USAF was forced to ground many of its squadrons. The Commander of Air Combat Command, General Mike Hostage indicated that the USAF must reduce its F-15 and F-16 fleets and eliminate platforms like the A-10 in order to focus on a fifth-generation jet fighter future. In response to squadron groundings and flight time reductions, many Air Force pilots have opted to resign from active duty and enter the Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard while pursuing careers in the commercial airlines where they can find flight hours on more modern aircraft.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Why was the USAF forced to ground some of its squadrons in 2013?
A: Budget sequestration', '
Q: Who was the Commander of Air Combat Command in 2013?
A: General Mike Hostage', '
Q: Why have many US Air Force pilots opted to resign from active service? 
A: squadron groundings and flight time reductions', '
Q: Where have many of these US Air Force pilots chosen to find employment instead? 
A: careers in the commercial airlines']
Specific concerns include a compounded inability for the Air Force to replace its aging fleet, and an overall reduction of strength and readiness. The USAF attempted to make these adjustments by primarily cutting the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve aircraft fleets and their associated manpower, but Congress reversed this initiative and the majority of the lost manpower will come from the active forces. However, Congress did allow for $208 million of reprogramming from fleet modernization to enable some portion of the third of the grounded fleet to resume operations.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is one of the concerns of the Air Force? 
A: replace its aging fleet', '
Q: How did the USAF try to make these adjustments to help with strength and readiness of its fleet? 
A: cutting the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve aircraft fleets', '
Q: How much money did Congress give to the USAF to enable them to replace some of the grounded fleet? 
A: $208 million']
The Department of the Air Force is one of three military departments within the Department of Defense, and is managed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense. The senior officials in the Office of the Secretary are the Under Secretary of the Air Force, four Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force and the General Counsel, all of whom are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The senior uniformed leadership in the Air Staff is made up of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force and the Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who is the Department of the Air Force managed by?
A: Secretary of the Air Force', '
Q: Who does the Secretary of the Air Force report to?
A: Secretary of Defense', '
Q: Who appoints the top positions in the USAF, including the Assistant Secretaries and General Council?
A: President', '
Q: Upon whom does the President call on for support in his appointments to the USAF?
A: Senate', '
Q: Who does the senior leadership roles in the USAF include? 
A: Chief of Staff of the Air Force and the Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force']
The organizational structure as shown above is responsible for the peacetime organization, equipping, and training of aerospace units for operational missions. When required to support operational missions, the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) directs the Secretary of the Air Force (SECAF) to execute a Change in Operational Control (CHOP) of these units from their administrative alignment to the operational command of a Regional Combatant Commander (CCDR). In the case of AFSPC, AFSOC, PACAF, and USAFE units, forces are normally employed in-place under their existing CCDR. Likewise, AMC forces operating in support roles retain their componency to USTRANSCOM unless chopped to a Regional CCDR.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who directs the Secretary of the Air Force during operational missions? 
A: Secretary of Defense', '
Q: What does the abbreviation CHOP stand for? 
A: Change in Operational Control', '
Q: Who does the AMC forces usually retain their componency to?
A: USTRANSCOM', '
Q: Who is in charge of these Change in Operational Control missions? 
A: Regional Combatant Commander']
"Chopped" units are referred to as forces. The top-level structure of these forces is the Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force (AETF). The AETF is the Air Force presentation of forces to a CCDR for the employment of Air Power. Each CCDR is supported by a standing Component Numbered Air Force (C-NAF) to provide planning and execution of aerospace forces in support of CCDR requirements. Each C-NAF consists of a Commander, Air Force Forces (COMAFFOR) and AFFOR/A-staff, and an Air Operations Center (AOC). As needed to support multiple Joint Force Commanders (JFC) in the COCOM's Area of Responsibility (AOR), the C-NAF may deploy Air Component Coordinate Elements (ACCE) to liaise with the JFC. If the Air Force possesses the preponderance of air forces in a JFC's area of operations, the COMAFFOR will also serve as the Joint Forces Air Component Commander (JFACC).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What are "Chopped" units called in the USAF?
A: forces', '
Q: What is the top level structure of these Chopped forces in the USAF? 
A: Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force', '
Q: What does the C-NAF provide support to?
A: planning and execution of aerospace forces', '
Q: Who does the C-NAFF coordinate with on ACEE missions?
A: JFC']
AFSCs range from officer specialties such as pilot, combat systems officer, missile launch officer, intelligence officer, aircraft maintenance officer, judge advocate general (JAG), medical doctor, nurse or other fields, to various enlisted specialties. The latter range from flight combat operations such as a gunner, to working in a dining facility to ensure that members are properly fed. There are additional occupational fields such as computer specialties, mechanic specialties, enlisted aircrew, communication systems, cyberspace operations, avionics technicians, medical specialties, civil engineering, public affairs, hospitality, law, drug counseling, mail operations, security forces, and search and rescue specialties.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What kind of AFSC is a JAG?
A: judge advocate general', '
Q: What is one of the many types of AFSC employed by the USAF? 
A: missile launch officer', '
Q: What is an example of an occupational field position in the USAF?
A: computer specialties']
Beyond combat flight crew personnel, perhaps the most dangerous USAF jobs are Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD), Combat rescue officer, Pararescue, Security Forces, Combat Control, Combat Weather, Tactical Air Control Party, and AFOSI agents, who deploy with infantry and special operations units who disarm bombs, rescue downed or isolated personnel, call in air strikes and set up landing zones in forward locations. Most of these are enlisted positions augmented by a smaller number of commissioned officers. Other career fields that have seen increasing exposure to combat include civil engineers, vehicle operators, and Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI) personnel.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What does the abbreviation EOD stand for in the USAF?
A: Explosive Ordnance Disposal', '
Q: What is one of the most dangerous jobs for USAF personnel?
A: Tactical Air Control Party', '
Q: What do some of these special missions in the USAF who deploy with the infantry do?
A: rescue downed or isolated personnel', '
Q: What are these enlisted positions in the USAF complimented by?
A: commissioned officers', '
Q: What other career fields have seen an increase in active combat missions? 
A: Air Force Office of Special Investigations']
Training programs vary in length; for example, 3M0X1 (Services) has 31 days of tech school training, while 3E8X1 (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) is one year of training with a preliminary school and a main school consisting of over 10 separate divisions, sometimes taking students close to two years to complete. Officer technical training conducted by Second Air Force can also vary by AFSC, while flight training for aeronautically-rated officers conducted by AETC's Nineteenth Air Force can last well in excess of one year.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How long is the training for Explosive Ordnance Disposal in the USAF?
A: one year of training with a preliminary school', '
Q: What USAF tech school has 31 days of training?
A: 3M0X1 (Services)', '
Q: Who conducts the training for Technical Officers in the USAF?
A: Second Air Force', "
Q: How long does the flight training for the AETC's Nineteenth Air Force last? 
A: excess of one year"]
USAF rank is divided between enlisted airmen, non-commissioned officers, and commissioned officers, and ranges from the enlisted Airman Basic (E-1) to the commissioned officer rank of General (O-10). Enlisted promotions are granted based on a combination of test scores, years of experience, and selection board approval while officer promotions are based on time-in-grade and a promotion selection board. Promotions among enlisted personnel and non-commissioned officers are generally designated by increasing numbers of insignia chevrons. Commissioned officer rank is designated by bars, oak leaves, a silver eagle, and anywhere from one to four stars (one to five stars in war-time).[citation needed]

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What groups is the USAF rank divided amoung? 
A: enlisted airmen, non-commissioned officers, and commissioned officers', '
Q: How are Enlisted promotions in the USAF decided? 
A: based on a combination of test scores, years of experience, and selection board approval', '
Q: How are Officer promotions within the USAF decided?
A: based on time-in-grade and a promotion selection board', "
Q: How is a Commissioned Officer's rank shown?
A: designated by bars, oak leaves, a silver eagle, and anywhere from one to four stars"]
Air Force officer promotions are governed by the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980 and its companion Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act (ROPMA) for officers in the Air Force Reserve and the Air National Guard. DOPMA also establishes limits on the number of officers that can serve at any given time in the Air Force. Currently, promotion from second lieutenant to first lieutenant is virtually guaranteed after two years of satisfactory service. The promotion from first lieutenant to captain is competitive after successfully completing another two years of service, with a selection rate varying between 99% and 100%. Promotion to major through major general is through a formal selection board process, while promotions to lieutenant general and general are contingent upon nomination to specific general officer positions and subject to U.S. Senate approval.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Was does ROPMA stand for in the USAF? 
A: Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act', '
Q: What are Air Force Officer promotions overseen by?
A: Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980', '
Q: How long does it usually take to be promoted from second to first lieutenant in the USAF? 
A: virtually guaranteed after two years', '
Q: Who establishes limits on the amount of Air Force officers? 
A: DOPMA', '
Q: What promotion in the USAF is governed by a formal selection process?
A: Promotion to major through major general']
During the board process an officer's record is reviewed by a selection board at the Air Force Personnel Center at Randolph Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas. At the 10 to 11 year mark, captains will take part in a selection board to major. If not selected, they will meet a follow-on board to determine if they will be allowed to remain in the Air Force. Promotion from major to lieutenant colonel is similar and occurs approximately between the thirteen year (for officers who were promoted to major early "below the zone") and the fifteen year mark, where a certain percentage of majors will be selected below zone (i.e., "early"), in zone (i.e., "on time") or above zone (i.e., "late") for promotion to lieutenant colonel. This process will repeat at the 16 year mark (for officers previously promoted early to major and lieutenant colonel) to the 21 year mark for promotion to full colonel.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: Where is an officer's record in the USAF reviewed for a promotion?
A: Air Force Personnel Center at Randolph Air Force Base", '
Q: What state is the Randolph Air Force Base located in? 
A: Texas', '
Q: When does promotion from major to lieutenant colonel in the USAF typically occur?
A: thirteen year', '
Q: The promotion process repeats when for officers promoted early in the USAF?
A: 16 year mark']