romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
Lemi Ponifasio is a director and choreographer who is prominent internationally with his dance Company MAU. Neil Ieremia's company Black Grace has also received international acclaim with tours to Europe and New York. Hip hop has had a significant impact on Samoan culture. According to Katerina Martina Teaiwa, PhD from the University of Hawaii at Manoa, "Hip hop culture in particular is popular amongst Samoan youth." Like very many other countries, hip hop music is popular. In addition, the integration of hip hop elements into Samoan tradition also "testifies to the transferability of the dance forms themselves," and to the "circuits through which people and all their embodied knowledge travel." Dance both in its traditional form and its more modern forms has remained a central cultural currency to Samoans, especially youths.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did Lemi Ponifasio name his dance company?
A: MAU', '
Q: What genre of music greatly influenced the culture in Samoa?
A: Hip hop', '
Q: What Samoan choreographer founded Black Grace?
A: Neil Ieremia', '
Q: What professor at the University in Hawaii at Manoa wrote about the relationships between hip hop, dance, and traditional Samoan culture?
A: Katerina Martina Teaiwa', '
Q: Among what age group in Samoa is hip hop and dance most popular?
A: youths']
Director Sima Urale is an award-winning filmmaker. Urale's short film O Tamaiti won the prestigious Best Short Film at the Venice Film Festival in 1996. Her first feature film Apron Strings opened the 2008 NZ International Film Festival. The feature film Siones Wedding, co-written by Oscar Kightley, was financially successful following premieres in Auckland and Apia. The 2011 film The Orator was the first ever fully Samoan film, shot in Samoa in the Samoan language with a Samoan cast telling a uniquely Samoan story. Written and directed by Tusi Tamasese, it received much critical acclaim and attention at film festivals throughout the world.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who made the film O Tamaiti?
A: Sima Urale', "
Q: What was Sima Urale's first feature-length production?
A: Apron Strings", '
Q: What movie was the first ever all-Samoan production?
A: The Orator', '
Q: Who wrote and directed The Orator?
A: Tusi Tamasese', '
Q: In what year did Apron Strings star as the opening film of the NZ International Film Festival?
A: 2008']
Rugby union is the national sport in Samoa and the national team, nicknamed the Manu Samoa, is consistently competitive against teams from vastly more populous nations. Samoa has competed at every Rugby World Cup since 1991, and made the quarter finals in 1991, 1995 and the second round of the 1999 world cup. At the 2003 world cup, Manu Samoa came close to beating eventual world champions, England. Samoa also played in the Pacific Nations Cup and the Pacific Tri-Nations The sport is governed by the Samoa Rugby Football Union, who are members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance, and thus, also contribute to the international Pacific Islanders rugby union team.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What do Samoans affectionately call their national rugby team?
A: Manu Samoa', "
Q: The Samoan team hasn't missed a Rugby World Cup since what year?
A: 1991", '
Q: What organization governs the Samoan rugby team?
A: Samoa Rugby Football Union', '
Q: What team that went on to become World Cup champions was almost bested by Manu Samoa in 2003?
A: England', '
Q: In what year did Manu Samoa make it to the second round of the World Cup?
A: 1999']
Rugby league is mostly played by Samoans living in New Zealand and Australia,[citation needed] with Samoa reaching the quarter finals of the 2013 Rugby League World Cup made of players playing in the NRL, Super League and domestic players. Many Samoans and New Zealanders or Australians of Samoan descent play in the Super League and National Leagues in Britain. Francis Meli, Ta'ane Lavulavu of Workington Town, Maurie Fa'asavalu of St Helens and David Fatialofa of Whitehaven and Setima Sa who signed with London Irish rugby club. Other noteworthy players from NZ and Australia have represented the Samoan National team. The 2011 domestic Samoan rugby league competition contained 10 teams with plans to expand to 12 in 2012.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what competition did the Samoan rugby team reach the quarter finals in 2013?
A: Rugby League World Cup', '
Q: Apart from Australia, in what country other than Samoa might Samoan rugby players live?
A: New Zealand', '
Q: What Samoan rugby player signed to London Irish rugby club?
A: Setima Sa', '
Q: How many teams played in the 2011 domestic Samoan rugby league competition?
A: 10', "
Q: What rugby club did Maurie Fa'asavalu play for?
A: St Helens"]
Pope Paul VI (Latin: Paulus VI; Italian: Paolo VI), born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini (Italian pronunciation: [dʒioˈvani baˈtista enˈriko anˈtonjo marˈija monˈtini]; 26 September 1897 – 6 August 1978), reigned as Pope from 21 June 1963 to his death in 1978. Succeeding Pope John XXIII, he continued the Second Vatican Council which he closed in 1965, implementing its numerous reforms, and fostered improved ecumenical relations with Eastern Orthodox and Protestants, which resulted in many historic meetings and agreements. Montini served in the Vatican's Secretariat of State from 1922 to 1954. While in the Secretariat of State, Montini and Domenico Tardini were considered as the closest and most influential colleagues of Pope Pius XII, who in 1954 named him Archbishop of Milan, the largest Italian diocese. Montini automatically became the Secretary of the Italian Bishops Conference. John XXIII elevated him to the College of Cardinals in 1958, and after the death of John XXIII, Montini was considered one of his most likely successors.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: On What date was Pope Paul VI born?
A: 26 September 1897', '
Q: On what date did Pope Paul VI die?
A: 6 August 1978)', '
Q: In what year did Pope Paul VI close the Second Vatican Counsel?
A: 1965', '
Q: When was Pope Paul VI elected as Pope?
A: 21 June 1963', "
Q: What was Pope Paul VI's first name at birth?
A: Giovanni"]
Upon his election to the papacy, Montini took the pontifical name Paul VI (the first to take the name "Paul" since 1605) to indicate a renewed worldwide mission to spread the message of Christ, following the example of Apostle St. Paul.[citation needed] He re-convened the Second Vatican Council, which was automatically closed with the death of John XXIII, and gave it priority and direction. After the council had concluded its work, Paul VI took charge of the interpretation and implementation of its mandates, often walking a thin line between the conflicting expectations of various groups within Catholicism. The magnitude and depth of the reforms affecting all fields of Church life during his pontificate exceeded similar reform policies of his predecessors and successors. Paul VI was a Marian devotee, speaking repeatedly to Marian congresses and mariological meetings, visiting Marian shrines and issuing three Marian encyclicals. Following his famous predecessor Saint Ambrose of Milan, he named Mary as the Mother of the Church during the Second Vatican Council. Paul VI sought dialogue with the world, with other Christians, other religions, and atheists, excluding nobody. He saw himself as a humble servant for a suffering humanity and demanded significant changes of the rich in North America and Europe in favour of the poor in the Third World. His positions on birth control, promulgated most famously in the 1968 encyclical Humanae vitae, and other political issues, were often controversial, especially in Western Europe and North America.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What type of devotee was Pope Paul VI?
A: Marian', '
Q: What name had not been used for a Pope since the year 1605?
A: "Paul"', '
Q: In what year was the name "Paul" last used as a pontifical name before Pope Paul VI became Pope?
A: 1605', '
Q: What did Pope Paul VI re-convene when he became Pope?
A: the Second Vatican Council', "
Q: What publication promoted Pope Paul VI's views on abortion?
A: encyclical Humanae vitae"]
Giovanni Battista Montini was born in the village of Concesio, in the province of Brescia, Lombardy in 1897. His father Giorgio Montini was a lawyer, journalist, director of the Catholic Action and member of the Italian Parliament. His mother was Giudetta Alghisi, from a family of rural nobility. He had two brothers, Francesco Montini, who became a physician, and Lodovico Montini, who became a lawyer and politician. On 30 September 1897, he was baptized in the name of Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini. He attended Cesare Arici, a school run by the Jesuits, and in 1916, he received a diploma from Arnaldo da Brescia, a public school in Brescia. His education was often interrupted by bouts of illness.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what Italian province was Giovanni Battista Montini born?
A: Brescia, Lombardy', '
Q: In what Italian village was Giovanni Battista Montini born?
A: Concesio', "
Q: What political organization was Giovanni's father a member of?
A: Italian Parliament", '
Q: How many brothers did Giovanni have?
A: two', "
Q: What was Giovanni's mother descended from?
A: rural nobility"]
In 1916, he entered the seminary to become a Roman Catholic priest. He was ordained priest on 29 May 1920 in Brescia and celebrated his first Holy Mass in Brescia in the Basilica of Santa Maria delle Grazie. Montini concluded his studies in Milan with a doctorate in Canon Law in the same year. Afterwards he studied at the Gregorian University, the University of Rome La Sapienza and, at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo at the Accademia dei Nobili Ecclesiastici. At the age of twenty-five, again at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo, Montini entered the Secretariat of State in 1922, where he worked under Pizzardo together with Francesco Borgongini-Duca, Alfredo Ottaviani, Carlo Grano, Domenico Tardini and Francis Spellman. Consequently, he spent not a day as a parish priest. In 1925 he helped found the publishing house Morcelliana in Brescia, focused on promoting a 'Christian inspired culture'.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year did Montini enter the Catholic seminary to become a priest?
A: 1916', '
Q: In what field did Montini obtain a doctorate in?
A: Canon Law', '
Q: In what city did Montini finish his doctoral studies?
A: Milan', '
Q: At what age did Montini enter the Secretariat of state?
A: twenty-five', '
Q: Where did Montini continue to study at the request of Giuseppe Pizzardo?
A: Accademia dei Nobili Ecclesiastici']
The only foreign diplomatic experience Montini underwent was his time in the nunciature in Warsaw, Poland in 1923. Like Achille Ratti before him,[a] he felt confronted with the huge problem, not limited to Poland, of excessive nationalism: "This form of nationalism treats foreigners as enemies, especially foreigners with whom one has common frontiers. Then one seeks the expansion of one's own country at the expense of the immediate neighbours. People grow up with a feeling of being hemmed in. Peace becomes a transient compromise between wars." When he was recalled to Rome he was happy to go, because "this concludes this episode of my life, which has provided useful, though not always joyful, experiences."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What political problem did Montini feel he needed to address as a diplomat in Poland?
A: excessive nationalism', '
Q: How did Montini see the nationalism of Poland as a problem?
A: treats foreigners as enemies', '
Q: What humanitarian concept did Montini see nationalism as violating?
A: common frontiers', '
Q: What type of political stability was compromised as a result of violent nationalism?
A: Peace', '
Q: Where was Montini happy to return to after his tenure in Poland?
A: Rome']
His organisational skills led him to a career in the Roman Curia, the papal civil service. In 1931, Pacelli appointed him to teach history at the Papal Academy for Diplomats In 1937, after his mentor Giuseppe Pizzardo was named a cardinal and was succeeded by Domenico Tardini, Montini was named Substitute for Ordinary Affairs under Cardinal Pacelli, the Secretary of State under Pope Pius XI. From Pius XI, whom he viewed with awe, he adopted the view, that learning is a life long process, and that history was the magister vitae teacher of life His immediate supervisor in the Vatican was Domenico Tardini, with whom he got along well. The election of Pacelli to the papacy in 1939, anticipated by everybody and openly promoted by Pope Pius XI in his last years, was a good omen for Montini, whose position was confirmed in the position under the new Cardinal Secretary of State Luigi Maglione. He met the pope every morning until 1954 and thus developed a rather close relationship:

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What type of natural ability helped Montini in his career in the Roman Curia?
A: organisational skills', '
Q: When was Paccelli elected to the papacy?
A: 1939', '
Q: With whom did Montini have a relationship with that eventually groomed him for the papacy?
A: Pacelli', '
Q: Where did Montini teach history?
A: Papal Academy for Diplomats', "
Q: Who was Montini's mentor that eventually became a Cardinal?
A: Giuseppe Pizzardo"]
As war broke out, Maglione, Tardini and Montini were the main figures in the Vatican's State Department, as despatches originated from or addressed to them during the war years.[page needed] Montini was in charge of taking care of the "ordinary affairs" of the Secretariat of State, which took much of the mornings of every working day. In the afternoon he moved to the third floor into the Office of the Private Secretary of the Pontiff. Pius XII did not have a personal secretary. As did several popes before him, he delegated the secretarial functions to the State Secretariat. During the war years, thousands of letters from all parts of the world arrived at the desk of the pope, most of them asking for understanding, prayer and help. Montini was tasked to formulate the replies in the name of Pius XII, expressing his empathy, and understanding and providing help, where possible.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What department did Montini oversee when he worked with the Secretariat of State?
A: ordinary affairs', "
Q: What organization did Montini, Maglione and Tardini belong to?
A: Vatican's State Department", '
Q: What role did Montini fill for Pius XII?
A: Private Secretary', '
Q: What did Montini take charge of responding to on behalf of Pius XII?
A: letters', '
Q: During what time was Montini responsible for the communications of the Vatican?
A: war years']
At the request of the pope, he created an information office for prisoners of war and refugees, which in the years of its existence from 1939 until 1947 received almost ten million (9 891 497) information requests and produced over eleven million (11.293.511) answers about missing persons. Montini was several times openly attacked by Benito Mussolini's government as a politician, and meddling in politics, but each time he found powerful defenses by the Vatican. In 1944, Luigi Maglione died, and Pius XII appointed Tardini and Montini together as heads of the State Department. Montini's admiration was almost filial, when he described Pope Pius XII:

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year was the office for information for prisoners and refugees founded?
A: 1939', '
Q: How many inquiries did Mintini receive regarding missing persons ?
A: ten million', '
Q: What was Montini accused of being by the Italian government?
A: politician', '
Q: With whom did Montini feel he had a brother like connection to?
A: Pope Pius XII', '
Q: What Italian Prime Minister attacked Montini for his political stances?
A: Mussolini']
As Secretary of State Montini coordinated the activities of assistance to the persecuted hidden in convents, parishes, seminaries, and in ecclesiastical schools. At the request of the pope, together with Pascalina Lehnert, Ferdinando Baldelli and Otto Faller, he created the Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza, which aided large number of Romans and refugees from everywhere with shelter, food and other material assistance. In Rome alone this organization distributed almost two million portions of free food in the year 1944. The Vatican and the Papal Residence Castel Gandolfo were opened to refugees. Some 15,000 persons lived in Castel Gandolfo alone, supported by the Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza. At the request of Pius XII, Montini was also involved in the re-establishment of Church Asylum, providing protection to hundreds of Allied soldiers, who had escaped from Axis prison camps, Jews, anti-Fascists, Socialists, Communists, and after the liberation of Rome, German soldiers, partisans and other displaced persons. After the war and later as pope, Montini turned the Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza, into the major charity, Caritas Italiana.[b]

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who requested Montini become involved in the Church Asylum movement?
A: Pius XII', '
Q: What war time group did the Vatican and Papal residence open their doors to?
A: refugees', '
Q: How many people lived at Castel Gofolfo during the war?
A: 15,000', '
Q: What organization did Montini form with other fellow officials to help refugees?
A: Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza', '
Q: What did Montini strive to reestablish to help persecuted Jews and allied soldiers?
A: Church Asylum']
Pius XII delivered an address about Montini's appointment from his sick-bed over radio to those assembled in St. Peter's Basilica on 12 December 1954. Both Montini and the pope had tears in their eyes when Montini parted for his dioceses with 1,000 churches, 2,500 priests and 3,500,000 souls. On 5 January 1955, Montini formally took possession of his Cathedral of Milan. Montini, after a period of preparation, liked his new tasks as archbishop, connecting to all groups of faithful in Milan. He enjoyed meetings with intellectuals, artists and writers.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: In what year did Pius XII deliver a radio address announcing Montini's papal appointment?
A: 1954", '
Q: On what date did Montini become the archbishop of Milan?
A: 5 January', '
Q: In what year did Montini become the archbishop of the Cathedral of Milan?
A: 1955', "
Q: Where was Pius XII when he announced Montini's appointment as archbishop?
A: his sick-bed", '
Q: To what Italian city was Montini appointed archbishop?
A: Milan']
Montini and Angelo Roncalli were considered to be friends, but when Roncalli, as Pope John XXIII announced a new Ecumenical Council, Cardinal Montini reacted with disbelief and said to Giulio Bevilacqua: "This old boy does not know what a hornets nest he is stirring up." He was appointed to the Central Preparatory Commission in 1961. During the Council, his friend Pope John XXIII asked him to live in the Vatican. He was a member of the Commission for Extraordinary Affairs but did not engage himself much into the floor debates on various issues. His main advisor was Monsignore Giovanni Colombo, whom he later appointed to be his successor in Milan The Commission was greatly overshadowed by the insistence of John XXIII to have the Council complete all its work in one single session before Christmas 1962, to the 400th anniversary of the Council of Trent, an insistence which may have also been influenced by the Pope's recent knowledge that he had cancer.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What group did Montini oppose reforming?
A: Ecumenical Council', '
Q: In what year was Montini appointed to the Central Preparatory Commission? 
A: 1961', '
Q: Where did the Pope ask Cardinal Montini to live?
A: Vatican', '
Q: What did Montini avoid as a member of the Commission for Extraordinary Affairs?
A: debates', '
Q: What illness had the Pope contracted?
A: cancer']
During his period in Milan, Montini was known as a progressive member of the Catholic hierarchy. Montini went new ways in pastoral care, which he reformed. He used his authority to ensure that the liturgical reforms of Pius XII were carried out at the local level and employed innovative methods to reach the people of Milan: Huge posters announced that 1,000 voices would speak to them from 10 to 24 November 1957. More than 500 priests and many bishops, cardinals and lay persons delivered 7,000 sermons in the period not only in churches but in factories, meeting halls, houses, courtyards, schools, offices, military barracks, hospitals, hotels and other places, where people meet. His goal was the re-introduction of faith to a city without much religion. "If only we can say Our Father and know what this means, then we would understand the Christian faith."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What type of political viewpoint was Montini known for as a member of the Catholic leadership?
A: progressive', '
Q: What part of Catholic ministry did Montini seek to reform?
A: pastoral care', "
Q: What type of media did Montini use to advertise the church's sermons to the people of Milan?
A: posters", '
Q: How many "voices" did Montini\'s posters claim the people of Milan would hear?
A: 1,000', '
Q: From the 10 of NOvember to the 24 of November how many sermons were actually delivered to the Italian people?
A: 7,000']
Pius XII asked Archbishop Montini to Rome October 1957, where he gave the main presentation to the Second World Congress of Lay Apostolate. Previously as Pro-Secretary, he had worked hard to unify a worldwide organization of lay people of 58 nations, representing 42 national organizations. He presented them to Pius XII in Rome in 1951. The second meeting in 1957 gave Montini an opportunity to express the lay apostolate in modern terms: "Apostolate means love. We will love all, but especially those, who need help... We will love our time, our technology, our art, our sports, our world."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: To whom did Montini speak as an archbishop in the year 1957?
A: Second World Congress of Lay Apostolate', '
Q: According to Montini was does the term apostolate mean?
A: love', '
Q: How many nations did Montini hope to unify as Pro-secretary?
A: 58', "
Q: When was Montini's first meeting addressing the unification of Catholic lay followers?
A: 1951"]
Although some cardinals seem to have viewed him as papabile, a likely candidate to become pope, and may have received some votes in the 1958 conclave, Montini was not yet a cardinal, which made him an unlikely choice.[c] Angelo Roncalli was elected pope on 28 October 1958 and assumed the name John XXIII. On 17 November 1958, L'Osservatore Romano announced a consistory for the creation of new cardinals. Montini's name led the list. When the pope raised Montini to the cardinalate on 15 December 1958, he became Cardinal-Priest of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti. He appointed him simultaneously to several Vatican congregations which resulted in many visits by Montini to Rome in the coming years.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What role was Montini not considered a likely candidate for?
A: pope', '
Q: What had Montini yet to become?
A: a cardinal,', '
Q: Who was elected pope in 1958?
A: Angelo Roncalli', '
Q: When did Montini finally become a cardinal?
A: 15 December 1958', '
Q: What doicese did Montini become cardinal of?
A: Ss. Silvestro e Martino']
As a Cardinal, Montini journeyed to Africa (1962), where he visited Ghana, Sudan, Kenya, Congo, Rhodesia, South Africa, and Nigeria. After his journey, John XXIII gave him a private audience on his trip which lasted for several hours. In fifteen other trips he visited Brazil (1960) and the USA (1960), including New York City, Washington, DC, Chicago, the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. While a cardinal, he usually vacationed in Engelberg Abbey, a secluded Benedictine monastery in Switzerland.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What country did Montini visit as Cardinal?
A: Africa', '
Q: In what year did Montini travel to visit Africa as a cardinal?
A: 1962', '
Q: How many foreign trips did Montini make as Cardinal?
A: fifteen', '
Q: In what year did Montini visit the United States?
A: 1960', '
Q: Where did Montini like to use as a retreat as a cardinal?
A: Engelberg Abbey']