romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
The New York Times reported that "government officials in Beijing and Sichuan have said they are investigating the collapses. In an acknowledgment of the weakness of building codes in the countryside, the National Development and Reform Commission said on May 27 that it had drafted an amendment to improve construction standards for primary and middle schools in rural areas. Experts are reviewing the draft, the commission said." To limit protests, officials pushed parents to sign a document, which forbade them from holding protests, in exchange of money, but some who refused to sign were threatened. The payment amounts varied from school to school but were approximately the same. In Hanwang, parents were offered a package valued at 8,800 USD in cash and a per-parent pension of nearly 5,600 USD. Furthermore, officials used other methods of silencing: riot police officers broke up protests by parents; the authorities set up cordons around the schools; and officials ordered the Chinese news media to stop reporting on school collapses.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was given in exchange of signing the document?
A: money', '
Q: What other methods were used to break up protests?
A: riot police', '
Q: Who did the New York Times report was investigating the school collapses?
A: government officials', '
Q: What are officials seeking to do about protesting parents?
A: limit protests', '
Q: What are officials offering parents in exchange of protests?
A: money', '
Q: What has happened to some who refuse to agree to not protest?
A: were threatened', '
Q: What did officials order Chinese news media to stop reporting?
A: on school collapses']
Besides parents, Liu Shaokun (刘绍坤), a Sichuan school teacher, was detained on June 25, 2008 for "disseminating rumors and destroying social order" about the Sichuan earthquake. Liu’s family was later told that he was being investigated on suspicion of the crime of inciting subversion. Liu had travelled to the Shifang, taken photos of collapsed school buildings, and put them online. He had also expressed his anger at “the shoddy tofu-dregs buildings” (豆腐渣工程) in a media interview. He was ordered to serve one year of re-education through labor (RTL). According to the organization Human Rights in China, Liu has been released to serve his RTL sentence outside of the labor camp.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was a Sichuan school teacher?
A: Liu Shaokun', "
Q: What was Liu's family told?
A: that he was being investigated on suspicion of the crime of inciting subversion", "
Q: What was Liu Shaokun's profession?
A: Sichuan school teacher", '
Q: Why was he investigated?
A: crime of inciting subversion', '
Q: What did Liu Shankun do with the pictures he took of collapsed schools?
A: put them online', '
Q: Where did he call the schoolhouses shoddy?
A: in a media interview', '
Q: What was his assigned punishment ?
A: one year of re-education']
In January 2010, Hong Kong-based English newspaper The Standard reported that writer Tan Zuoren attempted to document shoddy construction that may have led to massive casualties in schools, was sentenced to in prison ostensibly for his writing an article in 2007 in support of the pro-democracy movement in 1989.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When did the sentencing occur?
A: in 2007', '
Q: When was the article published about the case?
A: January 2010', '
Q: What did he think that the poor construction led to?
A: massive casualties']
Because of the magnitude of the quake, and the media attention on China, foreign nations and organizations immediately responded to the disaster by offering condolences and assistance. On May 14, UNICEF reported that China formally requested the support of the international community to respond to the needs of affected families.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did UNICEF report?
A: that China formally requested the support of the international community', '
Q: What did foreign nations offer China because of the severity of the quake?
A: condolences and assistance', '
Q: When did China formally ask for help from the international community?
A: May 14', '
Q: What organization reported that China asked for help?
A: UNICEF', '
Q: Why did the world community notice the need for help?
A: magnitude of the quake']
By May 14, the Ministry of Civil Affairs stated that 10.7 billion yuan (approximately US$1.5 billion) had been donated by the Chinese public. Houston Rockets center Yao Ming, one of the country's most popular sports icons, gave $214,000 and $71,000 to the Red Cross Society of China. The association has also collected a total of $26 million in donations so far. Other multinational firms located in China have also announced large amounts of donations.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How much did Yao Ming donate?
A: $214,000 and $71,000', '
Q: How much did the Red Cross collect in donations?
A: $26 million', '
Q: How much money had been donated by May 14?
A: 10.7 billion yuan', '
Q: What group donated the 10.7 yuan?
A: the Chinese public', '
Q: What famous basketball player made two large donations to the crisis?
A: Yao Ming', '
Q: How much has the Red Cross Society  collected?
A: 26 million']
Francis Marcus of the International Federation of the Red Cross praised the Chinese rescue effort as "swift and very efficient" in Beijing on Tuesday. But he added the scale of the disaster was such that "we can't expect that the government can do everything and handle every aspect of the needs". The Economist noted that China reacted to the disaster "rapidly and with uncharacteristic openness", contrasting it with Burma's secretive response to Cyclone Nargis, which devastated that country 10 days before the earthquake.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did Francis Marcus say of the Chinese relief effort?
A: swift and very efficient', '
Q: What uncharacteristic attitude did China display?
A: openness', '
Q: What kind of attitude did Burma display in response to a cyclone a few days earlier?
A: secretive', '
Q: How long before the quake did Cyclone Nargis strike Burma?
A: 10 days', '
Q: What organization did Francis Marcus represent?
A: International Federation of the Red Cross']
All Mainland Chinese television stations (along with some stations in Hong Kong and expatriate communities) cancelled all regularly-scheduled programming, displayed their logo in grayscale, and replaced their cancelled programmes with live earthquake footage from CCTV-1 for multiple days after the quake. Even pay television channels (such as Channel V) had their programmes suspended.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did stations replace programming with?
A: live earthquake footage', '
Q: What was the source of the live feeds?
A: CCTV-1', '
Q: What about pay TV channels?
A: programmes suspended']
Although the Chinese government was initially praised for its response to the quake (especially in comparison to Myanmar's ruling military junta's blockade of aid during Cyclone Nargis), it then saw an erosion in confidence over the school construction scandal.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What government blocked aid after Cyclone Nargis?
A: Myanmar', '
Q: Over what scandal did the Chinese government lose in public opinion?
A: school construction scandal', '
Q: What was the Chinese government first praised for?
A: response to the quake']
On May 29, 2008, government officials began inspecting the ruins of thousands of schools that collapsed, searching for clues about why they crumbled. Thousands of parents around the province have accused local officials and builders of cutting corners in school construction, citing that after the quake other nearby buildings were little damaged. In the aftermath of the quake, many local governments promised to formally investigate the school collapses, but as of July 17, 2008 across Sichuan, parents of children lost in collapsed schools complained they had yet to receive any reports. Local officials urged them not to protest but the parents demonstrated and demanded an investigation. Furthermore, censors discouraged stories of poorly built schools from being published in the media and there was an incident where police drove the protestors away.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What did parents accuse builders of doing?
A: cutting corners', '
Q: As of July 17, 2008 what did parents complain of not receiving?
A: any reports', '
Q: What kind of stories were being censored in the media?
A: poorly built schools']
The AP reported that "The state-controlled media has largely ignored the issue, apparently under the propaganda bureau's instructions. Parents and volunteers who have questioned authorities have been detained and threatened."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who has ignored the school issue?
A: state-controlled media', '
Q: Who gave instructions to ignore the school issue?
A: propaganda bureau', '
Q: What media source has reported this happening?
A: The AP']
On May 15, 2008 Geoffery York of the Globeandmail.com reported that the shoddily constructed buildings are commonly called "tofu buildings" because builders cut corners by replacing steel rods with thin iron wires for concrete re-inforcement; using inferior grade cement, if any at all; and using fewer bricks than they should. One local was quoted in the article as saying that "the supervising agencies did not check to see if it met the national standards."

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Why are the buildings so shoddily built?
A: builders cut corners', "
Q: What did builder's use in place of steel rods as re-inforcement?
A: thin iron wires", '
Q: Who was supposed to inspect building to see if they met national standards?
A: supervising agencies']
However questions still remain, as some of the corrupt government officials have still not been brought to justice, while the many families who lost their only child, are still seeking compensation and justice to what had happened. According to the Times, many parents were warned by the government not to stage a protest under the threat of arrest.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who has not been brought to justice?
A: corrupt government officials', '
Q: Who is still looking for compensation and justice?
A: many families', '
Q: What has the government threatened people with to keep them from protesting?
A: threat of arrest', '
Q: What media reported the threat of arrest?
A: the Times', '
Q: What did many families lose in the earthquake?
A: their only child']
New York—often called New York City or the City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part—is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York metropolitan area, the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States and one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term New York minute. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What city in the United States has the highest population?
A: New York', '
Q: In what city is the United Nations based?
A: New York', '
Q: What city has been called the cultural capital of the world?
A: New York', '
Q: What American city welcomes the largest number of legal immigrants?
A: New York', '
Q: The major gateway for immigration has been which US city?
A: New York City', '
Q: The most populated city in the United States is which city?
A: New York City']
Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State. The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 8,491,079 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. By 2014 census estimates, the New York City metropolitan region remains by a significant margin the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.1 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.6 million residents). In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of nearly US$1.39 trillion, while in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion, both ranking first nationally by a wide margin and behind the GDP of only twelve and eleven countries, respectively.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many boroughs comprise New York City?
A: five', '
Q: In what year were the five boroughs combined into one city?
A: 1898', '
Q: In 2014, what did the census estimate the population of New York City to be?
A: 8,491,079', '
Q: What is the size of New York City in square miles?
A: 305', "
Q: What is the population of New York's Combined Statistical Area?
A: 23.6 million", '
Q: How man boroughs does New York City contain?
A: five', '
Q: The five boroughs of New York City are named what?
A: Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island', '
Q: All five boroughs of New York City formed into one city on what date?
A: 1898', '
Q: What is the population of New York City as of 2014?
A: 8,491,079', '
Q: How many languages are spoken by the people of New York City?
A: 800']
New York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the trading post that preceded New York City called?
A: New Amsterdam', '
Q: What nation founded New Amsterdam?
A: the Dutch Republic', '
Q: In what year did New York become the largest city in the United States?
A: 1790', '
Q: When did the English take over the area from the Dutch?
A: 1664', '
Q: In what year did New York cease the be the capital of the United States?
A: 1790', '
Q: When was New York City established?
A: 1624', '
Q: New Amsterdam became the title of New York City in what past date?
A: 1626', '
Q: The English occupied New York City beginning on what date?
A: 1664', '
Q: New York City is the biggest city in the United States since what historical date?
A: 1790']
Many districts and landmarks in New York City have become well known, and the city received a record 56 million tourists in 2014, hosting three of the world's ten most visited tourist attractions in 2013. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world. Times Square, iconic as the world's "heart" and its "Crossroads", is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway Theater District, one of the world's busiest pedestrian intersections, and a major center of the world's entertainment industry. The names of many of the city's bridges, skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City has been called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world, and the city is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization, the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ. Manhattan's real estate market is among the most expensive in the world. Manhattan's Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 469 stations in operation. New York City's higher education network comprises over 120 colleges and universities, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, which have been ranked among the top 35 in the world.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: How many tourists visited New York in 2014?
A: 56 million', '
Q: How many stations are operated by the New York City Subway?
A: 469', '
Q: In what borough is Wall Street located?
A: Manhattan', '
Q: How many school and universities are in NYC?
A: 120', '
Q: NYC has the two largest stock exchanges in the world which are called what?
A: New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ']
During the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the geologic foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, the ice sheet would help split apart what are now Long Island and Staten Island.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What island was once a part of Long Island?
A: Staten Island', '
Q: During what period was the area around New York City located at the edge of an ice sheet 1,000 feet deep?
A: the Wisconsinan glaciation', '
Q: Long Island and Staten Island were split in half by what geographical phenomenon?
A: ice sheet']
In the precolonial era, the area of present-day New York City was inhabited by various bands of Algonquian tribes of Native Americans, including the Lenape, whose homeland, known as Lenapehoking, included Staten Island; the western portion of Long Island, including the area that would become Brooklyn and Queens; Manhattan; the Bronx; and the Lower Hudson Valley.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the name of the Lenape homeland?
A: Lenapehoking']
The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown, who sailed his ship La Dauphine into New York Harbor. He claimed the area for France and named it "Nouvelle Angoulême" (New Angoulême).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year did the first European arrive in the New York area?
A: 1524', '
Q: What was the name of the first European who arrived in the New York area?
A: Giovanni da Verrazzano', "
Q: What was the name of Giovanni da Verrazzano's ship?
A: La Dauphine", '
Q: What nation did Giovanni da Verrazzano serve?
A: France', '
Q: What did Giovanni da Verrazzano call the area when he staked claim on it?
A: Nouvelle Angoulême', '
Q: When was the first European to visit the area of NYC?
A: 1524', "
Q: Giovanni da Verrazzano's ship that sailed to New York was named what?
A: La Dauphine", '
Q: Giovani da Verrazzano was an explorer from which country?
A: France']
A Spanish expedition led by captain Estêvão Gomes, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 aboard the purpose-built caravel "La Anunciada" and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Rio de San Antonio. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August. The first scientific map to show the North American East coast continuously, the 1527 world map known as the Padrón Real, was informed by Gomes' expedition, and labeled the Northeast as Tierra de Esteban Gómez in his honor.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: In what year did a Spanish expedition visit New York Harbor?
A: 1525', '
Q: Who commanded the Spanish expedition?
A: Estêvão Gomes', '
Q: What was the nationality of Estêvão Gomes?
A: Portuguese', '
Q: What monarch did Estêvão Gomes serve?
A: Charles V', "
Q: What was the name of Estêvão Gomes's ship?
A: La Anunciada", '
Q: The front of the Hudson River was named what by Estevao Gomes?
A: Rio de San Antonio', '
Q: What was the first map to show the whole North American East coast?
A: Padrón Real']
In 1609, English explorer Henry Hudson re-discovered the region when he sailed his ship the Halve Maen ("Half Moon" in Dutch) into New York Harbor while searching for the Northwest Passage to the Orient for his employer, the Dutch East India Company. He proceeded to sail up what he named the North River, also called the Mauritis River, and now known as the Hudson River, to the site of the present-day New York State capital of Albany in the belief that it might represent an oceanic tributary. When the river narrowed and was no longer saline, he realized it was not a maritime passage and sailed back downriver. He made a ten-day exploration of the area and claimed the region for his employer. In 1614, the area between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay would be claimed by the Netherlands and called Nieuw-Nederland (New Netherland).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What was the name of the explorer who visited the area in 1609?
A: Henry Hudson', '
Q: Who was Henry Hudson working for?
A: Dutch East India Company', '
Q: In what year did the Netherlands claim the area between Delaware Bay and Cape Cod?
A: 1614', '
Q: How many days did Henry Hudson spend exploring the region?
A: ten', '
Q: What did Henry Hudson call the river that is now called the Hudson River?
A: North River', '
Q: Henry Hudson worked for which company in the 1600s?
A: Dutch East India Company', '
Q: In what year was the land between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay claimed by the Dutch?
A: 1614', '
Q: Which explorer sailed his ship into New York harbor in 1609?
A: Henry Hudson']
The first non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City was Dominican trader Juan Rodriguez (transliterated to Dutch as Jan Rodrigues). Born in Santo Domingo of Portuguese and African descent, he arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–1614, trapping for pelts and trading with the local population as a representative of the Dutch. Broadway, from 159th Street to 218th Street, is named Juan Rodriguez Way in his honor.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Where was Juan Rodriguez born?
A: Santo Domingo', '
Q: What did the Dutch call Juan Rodriguez?
A: Jan Rodrigues', "
Q: What was Juan Rodriguez's occupation?
A: trader", '
Q: What is the street that is named after Juan Rodriguez?
A: Juan Rodriguez Way', '
Q: During what season did Juan Rodriguez first come to New York?
A: winter', '
Q: Who was the first non-Indian person to live in what is now NYC?
A: Juan Rodriguez', '
Q: Which street in NYC today is now named after Juan Rodriguez?
A: Broadway, from 159th Street to 218th Street']
A permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 – making New York the 12th oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States  – with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on a citadel and a Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam (Nieuw Amsterdam). The colony of New Amsterdam was centered at the site which would eventually become Lower Manhattan. The Dutch colonial Director-General Peter Minuit purchased the island of Manhattan from the Canarsie, a small band of the Lenape, in 1626 for a value of 60 guilders (about $1000 in 2006); a disproved legend says that Manhattan was purchased for $24 worth of glass beads.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: On what island did the Dutch set up a settlement to trade furs?
A: Governors Island', '
Q: On what island was Fort Amsterdam built?
A: Manhattan Island', '
Q: In what year did construction begin on Fort Amsterdam?
A: 1625', '
Q: What person bought Manhattan from the Canarsie for the Dutch?
A: Peter Minuit', '
Q: In what year did the Dutch buy Manhattan?
A: 1626', '
Q: New Netherland established a permanent European presence in what year?
A: 1624', '
Q: What year did building begin of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island?
A: 1625', '
Q: What was the myth that Manhattan was bought for by General Peter Minuit ?
A: glass beads']