romikgosai/squad_modified huggingface dataset:
The club have entered the UK pop charts on four occasions under different titles during the 1980s and 1990s when many clubs released a song to mark their reaching the FA Cup Final. "The Boys in Blue", released in 1984, peaked at number 82. The following year the club scored their biggest hit when "Here We Go" peaked at 14. In 1986 the club released "Everybody's Cheering The Blues" which reached number 83. "All Together Now", a reworking of a song by Merseyside band The Farm, was released for the 1995 FA Cup Final and reached number 27. When the club next reached the 2009 FA Cup Final, the tradition had passed into history and no song was released.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year did the Everton FC release their UK pop song "The Boys in Blue"?
A: 1984', '
Q: What position did the song "Here We Go" by the Everton FC peak at on the UK pop charts in 1985?
A: 14', "
Q: What was the name of the song that the Everton Football Club released in 1986?
A: Everybody's Cheering The Blues", '
Q: Who originally sang the song "All Together Now" that was reworked and released by Everton Football Club in 1995?
A: The Farm', '
Q: How many times has the Everton FC entered the UK pop charts?
A: four']
The cup triumph was also Everton's passport to the Cup Winners' Cup—their first European campaign in the post-Heysel era. Progress under Joe Royle continued in 1995–96 as they climbed to sixth place in the Premiership. A fifteenth-place finish the following season saw Royle resign towards the end of the campaign, to be temporarily replaced by club captain, Dave Watson. Howard Kendall was appointed Everton manager for the third time in 1997, but the appointment proved unsuccessful as Everton finished seventeenth in the Premiership; only avoiding relegation due to their superior goal difference over Bolton Wanderers. Former Rangers manager Walter Smith then took over from Kendall in the summer of 1998 but only managed three successive finishes in the bottom half of the table.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who temporarily replaced Joe Royle as club captain after he resigned?
A: Dave Watson', '
Q: In what year was Howard Kendall appointed manager of the Everton FC for the third time?
A: 1997', '
Q: Who took over for Howard Kendall after his third attempt at managing the Everton FC was unsuccessful?
A: Walter Smith', '
Q: How many successive finishes did Walter Smith manage for the Everton FC?
A: three', '
Q: What rank did Everton place in the 1997 Premiership league?
A: seventeenth']
Everton have had many other nicknames over the years. When the black kit was worn Everton were nicknamed "The Black Watch", after the famous army regiment. Since going blue in 1901, Everton have been given the simple nickname "The Blues". Everton's attractive style of play led to Steve Bloomer calling the team "scientific" in 1928, which is thought to have inspired the nickname "The School of Science". The battling 1995 FA Cup winning side were known as "The Dogs of War". When David Moyes arrived as manager he proclaimed Everton as "The People's Club", which has been adopted as a semi-official club nickname.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What year did the Everton Football Club "go blue"?
A: 1901', "
Q: How did Steve Bloomer describe Everton's style of play in 1928?
A: scientific", "
Q: What is Everton Football Club's semi-official club nickname?
A: The People's Club", "
Q: What was Everton's nickname when they wore black before 1901?
A: The Black Watch", '
Q: What was Everton Football Club called after winning the 1995 FA Cup?
A: The Dogs of War']
Old English (Ænglisc, Anglisc, Englisc) or Anglo-Saxon is the earliest historical form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It was brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers probably in the mid 5th century, and the first Old English literary works date from the mid 7th century. After the Norman Conquest of 1066, English was replaced for a time as the language of the upper classes by Anglo-Norman, a relative of French, and Old English developed into the next historical form of English, known as Middle English.

Questions and answers:
["
Q: What is the name of the English language's earliest form?
A: Old English", '
Q: In what parts of Scotland was Old English spoken?
A: southern and eastern', '
Q: in what historical period was Old English spoken?
A: the early Middle Ages', '
Q: What people brought Old English to Britain?
A: Anglo-Saxon settlers', '
Q: What language developed from Old English?
A: Middle English']
The four main dialectal forms of Old English were Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish, and West Saxon. Mercian and Northumbrian are together referred to as Anglian. In terms of geography the Northumbrian region lay north of the Humber River; the Mercian lay north of the Thames and South of the Humber River; West Saxon lay south and southwest of the Thames; and the smallest, Kentish region lay southeast of the Thames, a small corner of England. The Kentish region, settled by the Jutes from Jutland, has the scantiest literary remains.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Along with West Saxon, Northumbrian and Mercian, what was one of the four main dialects of Old English?
A: Kentish', '
Q: What is a term that collectively refers to Northumbrian and Mercian?
A: Anglian', '
Q: Geographically, what river was Northumbria north of?
A: Humber', '
Q: What river was the Mercian region south of?
A: Humber', '
Q: Which of the Old English dialects covered the smallest geograhical region?
A: Kentish']
Old English contained a certain number of loanwords from Latin, which was the scholarly and diplomatic lingua franca of Western Europe. It is sometimes possible to give approximate dates for the borrowing of individual Latin words based on which patterns of sound change they have undergone. Some Latin words had already been borrowed into the Germanic languages before the ancestral Angles and Saxons left continental Europe for Britain. More entered the language when the Anglo-Saxons were converted to Christianity and Latin-speaking priests became influential. It was also through Irish Christian missionaries that the Latin alphabet was introduced and adapted for the writing of Old English, replacing the earlier runic system. Nonetheless, the largest transfer of Latin-based (mainly Old French) words into English occurred after the Norman Conquest of 1066, and thus in the Middle English rather than the Old English period.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: From what language did Old English borrow some words?
A: Latin', '
Q: What individuals introduced the Latin alphabet to the speakers of Old English?
A: Irish Christian missionaries', '
Q: After the Norman Conquest, Latin words entered English via what language?
A: Old French', '
Q: Before the introduction of the Latin alphabet, how was Old English written?
A: runic system', '
Q: In what year did the Norman Conquest occur?
A: 1066']
Old English nouns had grammatical gender, a feature absent in modern English, which uses only natural gender. For example, the words sunne ("sun"), mōna ("moon") and wīf ("woman/wife") were respectively feminine, masculine and neuter; this is reflected, among other things, in the form of the definite article used with these nouns: sēo sunne ("the sun"), se mōna ("the moon"), þæt wīf ("the woman/wife"). Pronoun usage could reflect either natural or grammatical gender, when those conflicted (as in the case of wīf, a neuter noun referring to a female person).

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What type of gender did Old English nouns possess?
A: grammatical', '
Q: What type of gender is present in modern English nouns?
A: natural', '
Q: What was a feminine word in Old English?
A: sunne', '
Q: What was the grammatical gender of the Old English word for wife?
A: neuter', '
Q: What was a masculine word in Old English?
A: mōna']
The Latin alphabet of the time still lacked the letters ⟨j⟩ and ⟨w⟩, and there was no ⟨v⟩ as distinct from ⟨u⟩; moreover native Old English spellings did not use ⟨k⟩, ⟨q⟩ or ⟨z⟩. The remaining 20 Latin letters were supplemented by four more: ⟨æ⟩ (æsc, modern ash) and ⟨ð⟩ (ðæt, now called eth or edh), which were modified Latin letters, and thorn ⟨þ⟩ and wynn ⟨ƿ⟩, which are borrowings from the futhorc. A few letter pairs were used as digraphs, representing a single sound. Also used was the Tironian note ⟨⁊⟩ (a character similar to the digit 7) for the conjunction and, and a thorn with a crossbar through the ascender for the pronoun þæt. Macrons over vowels were originally used not to mark long vowels (as in modern editions), but to indicate stress, or as abbreviations for a following m or n.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: When the Latin alphabet was introduced to Old English, what letter was the same as v?
A: u', '
Q: Along with k and z, what Latin letter was not used in Old English?
A: q', '
Q: What is the term for the letter þ?
A: thorn', '
Q: What number was the Tironian note visually similar to?
A: ƿ', '
Q: What was the term for the letter ƿ?
A: wynn']
The first example is taken from the opening lines of the folk-epic Beowulf, a poem of some 3,000 lines and the single greatest work of Old English. This passage describes how Hrothgar's legendary ancestor Scyld was found as a baby, washed ashore, and adopted by a noble family. The translation is literal and represents the original poetic word order. As such, it is not typical of Old English prose. The modern cognates of original words have been used whenever practical to give a close approximation of the feel of the original poem.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is regarded as the greatest literary work in Old English?
A: Beowulf', '
Q: About how many lines was Beowulf?
A: 3,000', '
Q: Who was Hrothgar a descendant of?
A: Scyld', "
Q: Who adopted Hrothgar's ancestor?
A: a noble family"]
Old English is one of the West Germanic languages, and its closest relatives are Old Frisian and Old Saxon. Like other old Germanic languages, it is very different from Modern English and difficult for Modern English speakers to understand without study. Old English grammar is quite similar to that of modern German: nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and verbs have many inflectional endings and forms, and word order is much freer. The oldest Old English inscriptions were written using a runic system, but from about the 9th century this was replaced by a version of the Latin alphabet.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: To what language group does Old English belong?
A: West Germanic', '
Q: Along with Old Saxon, what language is closely related to Old English?
A: Old Frisian', '
Q: To what modern language is Old English similar?
A: German', '
Q: In what century did the Latin alphabet replace the runic system in Old English writing?
A: 9th']
A later literary standard, dating from the later 10th century, arose under the influence of Bishop Æthelwold of Winchester, and was followed by such writers as the prolific Ælfric of Eynsham ("the Grammarian"). This form of the language is known as the "Winchester standard", or more commonly as Late West Saxon. It is considered to represent the "classical" form of Old English. It retained its position of prestige until the time of the Norman Conquest, after which English ceased for a time to be of importance as a literary language.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Who was known by the nickname "the Grammarian"?
A: Ælfric of Eynsham', '
Q: What churchman was influential in the development of the Winchester standard?
A: Bishop Æthelwold of Winchester', '
Q: In what century did the Winchester standard arise?
A: 10th', '
Q: What is another term for the Winchester standard?
A: Late West Saxon', '
Q: What event led to English temporarily losing its importance as a literary language?
A: the Norman Conquest']
Old English was not static, and its usage covered a period of 700 years, from the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in the 5th century to the late 11th century, some time after the Norman invasion. While indicating that the establishment of dates is an arbitrary process, Albert Baugh dates Old English from 450 to 1150, a period of full inflections, a synthetic language. Perhaps around 85 per cent of Old English words are no longer in use, but those that survived, to be sure, are basic elements of Modern English vocabulary.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: For about how many years was Old English used?
A: 700', '
Q: In what century was Old English first used?
A: 5th', '
Q: In what century did Old English cease to be used?
A: 11th', '
Q: According to Albert Baugh, what was the period in which Old English was used?
A: 450 to 1150', '
Q: About what percentage of Old English words are not present in Modern English?
A: 85']
Due to the centralisation of power and the Viking invasions, there is relatively little written record of the non-Wessex dialects after Alfred's unification. Some Mercian texts continued to be written, however, and the influence of Mercian is apparent in some of the translations produced under Alfred's programme, many of which were produced by Mercian scholars. Other dialects certainly continued to be spoken, as is evidenced by the continued variation between their successors in Middle and Modern English. In fact, what would become the standard forms of Middle English and of Modern English are descended from Mercian rather than West Saxon, while Scots developed from the Northumbrian dialect. It was once claimed that, owing to its position at the heart of the Kingdom of Wessex, the relics of Anglo-Saxon accent, idiom and vocabulary were best preserved in the dialect of Somerset.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: From what Old English dialect is the standard for of Modern English descended?
A: Mercian', '
Q: From what Old English dialect did Scots derive?
A: Northumbrian', '
Q: Along with centralization, what reason is given for the lack of records in non-Wessex dialects after the unification of Alfred?
A: the Viking invasions', '
Q: What modern dialect is sometimes regarded as being similar to that of the historical Kingdom of Wessex?
A: Somerset']
The strength of the Viking influence on Old English appears from the fact that the indispensable elements of the language - pronouns, modals, comparatives, pronominal adverbs (like "hence" and "together"), conjunctions and prepositions - show the most marked Danish influence; the best evidence of Scandinavian influence appears in the extensive word borrowings for, as Jespersen indicates, no texts exist in either Scandinavia or in Northern England from this time to give certain evidence of an influence on syntax. The change to Old English from Old Norse was substantive, pervasive, and of a democratic character. Old Norse and Old English resembled each other closely like cousins and with some words in common, they roughly understood each other; in time the inflections melted away and the analytic pattern emerged. It is most “important to recognize that in many words the English and Scandinavian language differed chiefly in their inflectional elements. The body of the word was so nearly the same in the two languages that only the endings would put obstacles in the way of mutual understanding. In the mixed population which existed in the Danelaw these endings must have led to much confusion, tending gradually to become obscured and finally lost.” This blending of peoples and languages happily resulted in “simplifying English grammar.”

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What language influenced Old English as a result of the Viking invasions?
A: Danish', '
Q: What language was spoken in Northern England after the Viking invasions?
A: Old Norse', '
Q: Between the English and Scandinavian language, what elements were most different?
A: inflectional']
Unlike Modern English, Old English is a language rich in morphological diversity. It maintains several distinct cases: the nominative, accusative, genitive, dative and (vestigially) instrumental. The only remnants of this system in Modern English are in the forms of a few pronouns (such as I/me/mine, she/her, who/whom/whose) and in the possessive ending -'s, which derives from the old (masculine and neuter) genitive ending -es. In Old English, however, nouns and their modifying words take appropriate endings depending on their case.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What trait does Old English possess that Modern English lacks?
A: morphological diversity', '
Q: Along with the nominative, genitive, dative and instrumental, what case did Old English possess?
A: accusative', "
Q: The Modern English ending -'s is derived from what ending in Old English?
A: -es", '
Q: In Old English, noun endings vary on what basis?
A: their case']
The influence of Old Norse certainly helped move English from a synthetic language along the continuum to a more analytic word order, and Old Norse most likely made a greater impact on the English language than any other language. The eagerness of Vikings in the Danelaw to communicate with their southern Anglo-Saxon neighbors produced a friction that led to the erosion of the complicated inflectional word-endings. Simeon Potter notes: “No less far-reaching was the influence of Scandinavian upon the inflexional endings of English in hastening that wearing away and leveling of grammatical forms which gradually spread from north to south. It was, after all, a salutary influence. The gain was greater than the loss. There was a gain in directness, in clarity, and in strength.”

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What language had the greatest influence on English?
A: Old Norse', '
Q: What was the name of the area in England ruled by the Vikings?
A: the Danelaw', '
Q: Who argued that the influence of Old Norse caused English to become a clearer, stronger and more direct language?
A: Simeon Potter', '
Q: What parts of English grammar declined as a result of Old Norse influence?
A: word-endings']
The form of the verb varies with person (first, second and third), number (singular and plural), tense (present and past), and mood (indicative, subjunctive and imperative). Old English also sometimes uses compound constructions to express other verbal aspects, the future and the passive voice; in these we see the beginnings of the compound tenses of Modern English. Old English verbs include strong verbs, which form the past tense by altering the root vowel, and weak verbs, which use a suffix such as -de. As in Modern English, and peculiar to the Germanic languages, the verbs formed two great classes: weak (regular), and strong (irregular). Like today, Old English had fewer strong verbs, and many of these have over time decayed into weak forms. Then, as now, dental suffixes indicated the past tense of the weak verbs, as in work and worked.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: Along with the present, what was a verb tense in Old English?
A: past', '
Q: What were the three moods that caused verb variation in Old English?
A: indicative, subjunctive and imperative', '
Q: Along with the first and second, what person influenced verb variation in Old English?
A: third', '
Q: What is an example of a suffix used by Old English weak verbs?
A: -de', '
Q: How did Old English strong verbs express the past tense?
A: altering the root vowel']
Old English is a West Germanic language, developing out of Ingvaeonic (also known as North Sea Germanic) dialects from the 5th century. It came to be spoken over most of the territory of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms which became the Kingdom of England. This included most of present-day England, as well as part of what is now southeastern Scotland, which for several centuries belonged to the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria. Other parts of the island – Wales and most of Scotland – continued to use Celtic languages, except in the areas of Scandinavian settlements where Old Norse was spoken. Celtic speech also remained established in certain parts of England: Medieval Cornish was spoken all over Cornwall and in adjacent parts of Devon, while Cumbric survived perhaps to the 12th century in parts of Cumbria, and Welsh may have been spoken on the English side of the Anglo-Welsh border. Norse was also widely spoken in the parts of England which fell under Danish law.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What language family does Old English belong to?
A: West Germanic', '
Q: What is another name for Ingvaeonic?
A: North Sea Germanic', '
Q: In what century did Old English first develop?
A: 5th', '
Q: What Anglo-Saxon kingdom ruled parts of modern-day Scotland?
A: Northumbria', '
Q: What language was spoken in Cornwall?
A: Medieval Cornish']
Some of the most important surviving works of Old English literature are Beowulf, an epic poem; the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a record of early English history; the Franks Casket, an inscribed early whalebone artefact; and Cædmon's Hymn, a Christian religious poem. There are also a number of extant prose works, such as sermons and saints' lives, biblical translations, and translated Latin works of the early Church Fathers, legal documents, such as laws and wills, and practical works on grammar, medicine, and geography. Still, poetry is considered the heart of Old English literature. Nearly all Anglo-Saxon authors are anonymous, with a few exceptions, such as Bede and Cædmon. Cædmon, the earliest English poet we know by name, served as a lay brother in the monastery at Whitby.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is an important Old English historical record?
A: the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle', "
Q: What is an important Old English religious poem?
A: Cædmon's Hymn", '
Q: What type of literary work is Beowulf?
A: an epic poem', '
Q: Who is the earliest English poet known by name?
A: Cædmon', '
Q: Where did Cædmon live?
A: Whitby']
Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or North Sea Germanic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. As the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in England, their language replaced the languages of Roman Britain: Common Brittonic, a Celtic language, and Latin, brought to Britain by Roman invasion. Old English had four main dialects, associated with particular Anglo-Saxon kingdoms: Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish and West Saxon. It was West Saxon that formed the basis for the literary standard of the later Old English period, although the dominant forms of Middle and Modern English would develop mainly from Mercian. The speech of eastern and northern parts of England was subject to strong Old Norse influence due to Scandinavian rule and settlement beginning in the 9th century.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What is another name for Anglo-Frisian?
A: North Sea Germanic', '
Q: What language family did Common Brittonic belong to?
A: Celtic', '
Q: How was the Latin language brought to Britain?
A: Roman invasion', '
Q: In what century did Scandinavian settlement begin in northern England?
A: 9th', '
Q: Along with the Angles and Saxons, what tribe spoke Anglo-Frisian?
A: Jutes']
With the unification of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (outside the Danelaw) by Alfred the Great in the later 9th century, the language of government and literature became standardised around the West Saxon dialect (Early West Saxon). Alfred advocated education in English alongside Latin, and had many works translated into the English language; some of them, such as Pope Gregory I's treatise Pastoral Care, appear to have been translated by Alfred himself. In Old English, typical of the development of literature, poetry arose before prose, but King Alfred the Great (871 to 901) chiefly inspired the growth of prose.

Questions and answers:
['
Q: What treatise was written by Pope Gregory?
A: Pastoral Care', "
Q: What dialect did Alfred's government use?
A: West Saxon", '
Q: In what century did Alfred unify Anglo-Saxon England?
A: 9th', "
Q: When did Alfred the Great's reign begin?
A: 871", '
Q: What king unified the Anglo-Saxon realms in England?
A: Alfred the Great']