rlacombe/ClimateX huggingface dataset:
Distributed generation utilities, such as microgrids, are increasingly being considered, with growing evidence of their role in reducing vulnerability, especially within underserved populations (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Infrastructure resilience and reliable power are particularly important in reducing risk in peri-urban and rural areas when they are supported by distributed generation of renewable energy by isolated systems (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Efficient water use and water management especially in hydropower and combined cycle power plants in drought-prone areas have a high feasibility (high confidence) with multiple co-benefits (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: medium)
Water-related adaptation in the energy sector is highly effective up to 1.5°C but declines with increasing warming (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: medium)
Providing critical infrastructure, including through distributed generation power systems through renewable energy, has provided many co-benefits (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Strengthening local and regional food systems through strategies such as collective trademarks, participatory guarantee systems and city–rural links build rural livelihoods, resilience and self- reliance (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: medium)
Key barriers to livelihood diversification include sociocultural and institutional barriers as well as inadequate resources and livelihood opportunities that hinder the full adaptive possibilities of existing livelihood diversification practices (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Indigenous knowledge and local knowledge, ecosystem-based adaptation and community-based adaptation are often found together in effective adaptation strategies and actions and together can generate transformative sustainable changes, but they need the resources, legal basis and an inclusive decision process to be most effective (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: medium)
Risk responsibilities across the globe are unclear and unevenly defined (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
There are at least two contrasting approaches for pursuing deliberate transformation: one seeking rapid, system-wide change and the other a collection of incremental actions that together catalyse desired system changes (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: medium)
There is only limited opportunity to widen the remaining solution space and take advantage of many potentially effective, yet unimplemented, options for reducing society and ecosystem vulnerability (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
With progressive climate change, enabling conditions will diminish, and opportunities for successfully transitioning systems for both mitigation and adaptation will become more limited (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Investments in economic recovery from COVID-19 offer opportunities to promote climate resilient development (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Collectively, these system transitions can widen the solution space and accelerate and deepen the implementation of sustainable development, adaptation and mitigation actions by equipping actors and decision makers with more effective options (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
For example, urban ecological infrastructure linked to an appropriate land use mix, street connectivity, open and green spaces and job-housing proximity provides adaptation and mitigation benefits that can aid urban transformation (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: medium)
Such transitions can generate benefits across different sectors and regions, provided they are facilitated by appropriate enabling conditions, including ef- fective governance, policy implementation, innovation and climate and development finance, which are currently insufficient (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Improving health systems through enhancing access to medical services and developing or strengthening surveillance systems can have high feasibility when there is a robust institutional and regulatory framework (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Moving towards different pathways involves confronting complex synergies and trade-offs between development pathways and the options, contested values and interests that underpin climate mitigation and adaptation choices (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: very high)
Economic sectors and global regions are exposed to different opportunities and challenges in facilitating climate resilient development, suggesting adaptation and mitigation options should be aligned to local and regional context and development pathways (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: very high)
The current decade is critical to charting climate resilient development pathways that catalyse the transformation of prevailing development practices and offer the greatest promise and potential for human well-being and planetary health (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: very high)
They often require rights-based approaches to protect the livelihoods, priorities and survival of marginalised groups including Indigenous Peoples, women, ethnic minorities and children (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
People who have experienced climate shocks are more likely to implement risk management measures (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Autonomous adaptation is very common in locations where people are more exposed to extreme events and have the resources and the temporal capacity to act on their own, for example in remote communities (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Diverse actors including youth, women, Indigenous communities and business leaders are the agents of societal changes and transformations that enable climate resilient development (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Efforts are needed to change unequal power dynamics and to foster inclusive decision-making for climate adaptation to have a positive impact for gender equality (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
There are very few examples of successful integration of gender and other social inequities in climate policies to address climate change vulnerabilities and questions of social justice (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: very high)
Integrating adaptation into social protection programmes can build long-term resilience to climate change (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Nevertheless, social protection programmes can increase resilience to climate related shocks, even if they do not specifically address climate risks (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Climate adaptation actions are grounded in local realities so understanding links with SDGs is important to ensure that adaptive actions do not worsen existing gender and other inequities within society, leading to maladaptation practices (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Overcoming institutional and financial constraints (govern- ance, institutions, policies), including path dependency, is among the most important requirements enabling effective adaptation in the water sector (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Water-related challenges, despite reported adaptation efforts, indicate limits of adaptation in the absence of water neutral mitigation action (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: medium)
Reorienting existing institutions to become more flexible (e.g., through capacity building and institutional reform) and inclusive is key to building adaptive governance systems that are equipped to take long-term decisions (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: medium)
Changes in lifestyles, human behaviour and preferences can have a significant impact on adaptation implementation, demand and hence emissions and decision-making around climate action (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Additionally, the use of customary and traditional justice systems, such as those of Indigenous peoples, can enhance the equity of adaptation policy processes (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Enabling environments share common governance characteristics, including the meaningful involvement of multiple actors and assets, alongside multiple centres of power at different levels that are well integrated, vertically and horizontally (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Enabling conditions harness synergies, address moral and ethical choices and divergent values and interests and support just approaches to livelihood transitions that do not undermine human well-being (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: medium)
To address regionally specific adaptation and developmental needs, five key dimensions of climate resilient development are identified for Africa: climate finance, governance, cross-sectoral and transboundary solutions, adaptation law and climate services and climate change literacy (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
The urgency of climate action is a potential enabler of climate decision-making (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: medium)
Perceptions of urgency encourage communities, businesses and leaders to undertake climate adaptation and mitigation measures more quickly and to prioritise climate action (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
The integration of consideration of non-climatic drivers into adaptation pathways can reduce climate impacts across food systems, human settlements, health, water, economies and livelihoods (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Strengthened health, education and basic social services are vital for improving population well-being and supporting climate resilient development (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
The use of climate-smart agriculture technologies that strengthen synergies among productivity and mitigation is growing as an important adaptation strategy (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Pertinent information for farmers provided by climate information services is helping them to understand the role of climate compared with other drivers in perceived productivity changes (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: medium)
Index insurance builds resilience and contributes to adaptation both by protecting farmers’ assets in the face of major climate shocks, by promoting access to credit and by adopting improved farm technologies and practices (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Societal resilience is founded on strengthening local democracy, empowering citizens to shape societal choices to support gender and equity inclusive climate resilient development (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: very high)
Adaptation responses to climate- driven impacts in mountain regions vary significantly in terms of goals and priorities, scope, depth and speed of implementation, governance and modes of decision-making and the extent of financial and other resources to implement them (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Adaptation in Africa has multiple benefits, and most assessed adaptation options have medium effectiveness at reducing risks for present-day global warming, but their efficacy at future warming levels is largely unknown (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
In Australia and New Zealand, a range of incremental and transformative adaptation options and pathways is available as long as enablers are in place to implement them (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Several enablers can be used to improve adaptation outcomes and to build resilience (high confidence), including better governance and legal reforms; improving justice, equity and gender considerations; building human resource capacity; increased finance and risk transfer mechanisms; education and awareness programmes; increased access to climate information; adequately downscaled climate data; inclusion of Indigenous knowledge; and integrating cultural resources into decision-making (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
One area of sustained effort is community-based adaptation planning actions that have potential to be better integrated to enhance well-being and create synergies with the SDG ambitions of leaving no one behind (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Complex trade-offs and gaps in alignment between mitigation and adaptation over scale and across policy areas where sustainable development is hindered or reversed also remain (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: medium)
Globally, decisions about key infrastructure systems and urban expansion drive risk creation and potential action on climate change (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Indigenous Peoples have been faced with adaptation challenges for centuries and have developed strategies for resilience in changing environments that can enrich and strengthen other adaptation efforts (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Indigenous knowledge underpins successful understanding of, responses to and governance of climate change risks (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
For example, Indigenous knowledge contains resource-use practices and ecosystem stewardship strategies that conserve and enhance both wild and domestic biodiversity, resulting in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and species that are often less degraded in Indigenous managed lands in other lands (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: medium)
Valuing Indigenous knowledge systems is a key component of climate justice (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Inclusion of interdisciplinary scientific information, Indigenous knowledge and practical expertise is essential to effective ecosystem-based adaptation (high confidence), and there is a large risk of maladaptation where this does not happen (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Effective ecosystem conservation on approximately 30% to 50% of Earth’s land, freshwater and ocean areas, including all remaining areas with a high degree of naturalness and ecosystem integrity, will help protect biodiversity, build ecosystem resilience and ensure essential ecosystem services (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Ecosystem services that are under threat from a combination of climate change and other anthropogenic pressures include climate change mitigation, flood-risk management and water supply (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
The loss of species also lowers the resilience of the ecosystem as a whole, including its capacity to persist through climate change and recover from extreme events (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Species extinction levels that are more than 1000 times natural background rates as a result of anthropogenic pressures, and climate change will increasingly exacerbate this (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Conservation efforts are more effective when integrated into local spatial plans inclusive of adaptation responses, alongside sustainable food and fiber production systems (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Strong inclusive governance systems and participatory planning processes that support equitable and effective adaptation outcomes, are gender sensitive and reduce intergroup conflict are required for enhanced ecosystem protection and restoration (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Limiting warming to 2°C and protecting 30% of high-biodiversity regions in Africa, Asia and Latin America is estimated to reduce the risk of species extinctions by half (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Meeting the increasing needs of the human population for food and fibre production requires transformation in management regimes to recognise dependencies on local healthy ecosystems, with greater sustainability, including through increased use of agroecological farming approaches and adaptation to the changing climate (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
People with higher levels of contact with nature have been found to be significantly happier, healthier and more satisfied with their lives (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Participatory, inclusive governance approaches such as adaptive co-management or community-based planning, which integrate those groups who rely on these ecosystems (e.g., Indigenous Peoples, local communities), support equitable and effective adaptation outcomes (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Degradation and loss of ecosystems is a major cause of greenhouse gas emissions, which is increasingly exacerbated by climate change (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: very high)
Globally, there is a 38% overlap between areas of high carbon storage and high intact biodiversity, but only 12% of that is protected (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Climate resilient development will require strategies for land-based climate change mitigation to be integrated with adaptation, biodiversity and sustainable development objectives; there is good potential for positive synergies, but also the potential for conflict, including with afforestation and bioenergy crops, when these objectives are pursued in isolation (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Feedback from monitoring and assessments of the changing state of planetary conditions and local ecosystems enables proactive adaptation to manage risks and minimise impacts (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: medium)
Integrated sectoral approaches promoting climate resilience, particularly for addressing the impacts of extreme events, are key to effective climate resilient development (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: medium)
Conservation and restoration will alone be insufficient to protect coral reefs beyond 2030 (high confidence) and to protect mangroves beyond the 2040s (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Deep cuts in emissions will be necessary to minimise irreversible loss and damage (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Governance for climate resilient development involves diverse societal actors, including the most vulnerable, who can work collectively, drawing upon local and Indigenous knowledges and science, and are supported by strong political will and climate change leadership (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: medium)
Governance practices will work best when they are coordinated within and between multiple scales and levels (institutional, geographical and temporal) and sectors, with supporting financial resources, are tailored for local conditions, are gender-responsive and gender-inclusive and are founded upon enduring institutional and social learning capabilities to address the complexity, dynamism, uncertainty and contestation that characterise escalating climate risk (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: medium)
Institutional fragmentation, under- resourcing of services, inadequate adaptation funding, uneven capability to manage uncertainties and conflicting values and reactive governance across competing policy domains collectively lock in existing exposures and vulnerabilities, creating barriers and limits to adaptation, and undermine climate resilient development prospects (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
This is amplified by inequity, poverty, population growth and high population density, land use change, especially deforestation, soil degradation, biodiversity loss, high dependence of national and local economies on natural resources for production of commodities, weak governance, unequal access to safe water and sanitation services and a lack of infrastructure and financing, which reduce adaptation capacity and deepen vulnerability (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Collective action and strengthened networked collaboration, more inclusive governance, spatial planning and risk-sensitive infrastructure delivery will contribute to reducing risks (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: medium)
Enablers for climate governance include better practices and legal reforms, improving justice, equity and gender considerations, building human resource capacity, increased finance and risk transfer mechanisms, education and climate change literacy programmes, increased access to climate information, adequately downscaled climate data and embedding Indigenous knowledge and local knowledge as well as integrating cultural resources into decision-making (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Many forms of adaptation are more effective, more cost-efficient and more equitable when organised inclusively (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Greater coordination and engagement across levels of government, business and community serves to move from planning to action and from reactive to proactive adaptation (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
City and local governments remain key actors facilitating climate change adaptation in cities and settlements (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: medium)
Private and business investment in key infrastructure, housing construction and insurance can drive adaptive action at scale but can exclude the priorities of the poor (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: medium)
Networked community actions can address neighbourhood-scale improvements and vulnerability at scale (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: very high)
Dedicated climate change acts can play a foundational and distinctive role in supporting effective climate governance, and are drivers of subsequent activity in both developing and developed countries (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
The transboundary nature of many climate change risks and species responses will require transboundary solutions through multi-national or regional governance processes on land (medium confidence) and at sea (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Formal institutional arrangements for natural resource management can contribute to wider cooperation and peacebuilding (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Strong governance and gender-sensitive approaches to natural resource management reduce the risk of intergroup conflict in climate-disrupted areas (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: medium)
National guidance and laws, policies and regulations, decision tools that can be tailored to local circumstances, innovative engagement processes and collaborative governance can motivate better understanding of climate risk and build climate resilient development (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Collaborative networks and institutions, including among local communities and their governing authorities, can help resolve conflicts (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
A combination of robust climate information, adaptive decision-making under uncertainty, land use planning, public engagement and conflict resolution approaches can help to address governance constraints to prepare for climate risks and build adaptive capacity (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
New modelling, monitoring and evaluation approaches, alongside disruptive technologies, can help understand the societal implications of trade-offs and build integrated pathways of low-regret anticipatory options, established jointly across sectors in a timely manner, to avoid locked-in development pathways (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Transformation towards climate resilient development is advanced most effectively when actors work in inclusive and enabling ways to reconcile divergent interests, values and worldviews, building on information and knowledge on climate risk and adaptation options derived from different knowledge systems (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
A deliberate shift from primarily technological adaptation strategies to those that additionally incorporate behavioural and institutional changes, adaptation finance, equity and environmental justice and that align policy with global sustainability goals will facilitate transformational adaptation (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Application and efficacy testing of climate resilient development, or adaptation pathways, show promise for implementing transformational approaches (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: medium)
Climate information services that are demand driven and context specific, combined with climate change literacy, have the potential to improve adaptation responses (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
This implies the need for wider arenas of engagement for diverse actors to collectively solve problems and to unlock the synergies between adaptation and mitigation and sustainable development (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Opportunities exist to promote synergies between sustainable development, adaptation and mitigation, but trade-offs are likely unavoidable, and managing trade-offs and synergies will be important (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Climate resilient development risks and opportunities vary by location with uncertainty about global mitigation effort and future climates relevant to local planning (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)
Civic engagement is an important element of building societal consensus and reducing barriers to action on adaptation, mitigation and sustainable development (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: very high)
Key risks cover scales from the local to the global, are especially prominent in particular regions or systems and are particularly large for vulnerable sub-groups, especially low-income populations, and already at-risk ecosystems (IPCC AR6_WGII, confidence: high)