Judgment Case ID: 4045

Judgment:
Civil Appeal No. 1922 of 1979. From the Judgment and order dated 7 5 1979 of the Disciplinary Committee of the Bar Council of India in D.C. Appeal No. 19/78. Appellant ill Person and section section Khanduja for the Appellant. The order of the Court was delivered by KRISHNA IYER	 J. The Appellant	 a fledging in the legal profession	 has been punished by the Tribunal of the Bar Council for eating the forbidden fruit of dubious professional conduct by improperly certifying the solvency of a surety for an accused person	 his client. suspension from practice for one month is the punishment awarded by the trial tribunal and in appeal. Counsel for the appellant Shri Khanduja	 has pleaded for an admonitory sentence by the Court ex misericordium. Of course	 the punitive pharmacopoeia of the Advocates Act	 in Section 35	 does permit reprimand provided the ends of public justice are met by this leniency. After all	 public professions which enjoy a monopoly of public audience have a statutorily enforced social accountability for purity	 probity and people conscious service. In our Republic	 Article 19(1) (g) vests a fundamental right to practise any profession only subject to reasonable restrictions in the interests of the general public (vide article 19(6). The law forbids the members of the legal or other like professions from converting themselves into a conspiracy against the laity and all regulations necessary for ensuring a people oriented bar without exploitation potential are permissible	 nay necessary. Rule 10	 chapter 2 part six of the Rules of Bar Council of India for Professional Misconduct framed for disciplinary purposes is stated to have been violated by the appellant for which dispensatory punishment has been meted out. The factual setting gives an insight into the degree of deviance of the delinquent appellant. Punishment must be geared to a social goal	 at once deterrent and reformatory. In the present case	 the appellant is charged with certifying the solvency of a surety in a bailable offence. Obviously	 the accused	 who was the client of the appellant	 was entitled to be enlarged on bail because the offence for Which he was in custody was admittedly bailable. Even so	 it is a common phenomenon in our country that bail has too	 often become a bogey and an instrument of unjust incarceration. There are 207 some magistrates who are never satisfied about the solvency of sureties except when the property of the surety is within their jurisdiction and Revenue officers have attested their worth. This harasses the poor and leads to corruption as pointed out by this Court in Moti Ram 's case. It may	 therefore	 be quite on the cards that some sympathetic lawyer who appears for an indigent accused may commiserate and enquire whether the surety is solvent. If he is satisfied	 on sure basis	 that the surety is sufficiently solvent	 then he may salvage the freedom of the accused by certifying the solvency of which he has satisfied himself. It is also possible that the detainee is a close relation or close friend or a poor servant of his. In that capacity	 not as a lawyer	 he may know the surety and his solvency or may offer himself as a surety. If a lawyer 's father or mother is arrested and the Court orders release on bail	 it is quite conceivable and perhaps legitimate	 if the son appears for his parent and also stands surety. He violates the rule all the same. The degree of culpability in a lawyer violating Rule 10	 chapter 2	 part six depends on the total circumstances and the social milieu. This Court has held	 taking cognizance of the harassment flowing from sureties being insisted upon before a person is enlarged or bailed out	 that the Court has the jurisdiction to release on his own bond without the necessity of a surety. The question	 therefore	 is whether the circumstances of the offence and offender are venal or venial. The Rule with which we are concerned is a wholesome one in the sense that lawyers should not misuse their role for making extra perquisites by standing surety for their clients or certifying the solvency of such sureties. That is a bolt on the bar	 an exploitative stain on the profession. At the same time	 the punishment is flexible in the sense that where the situation cries for the help of the lawyer in favour of a client who is languishing in jail because his surety is being unreasonably rejected	 we may not frown upon a lawyer who helps out the person	 not by false pretences	 but on the strength of factual certitude and proven inability to substantiate solvency. In the present case	 the circumstances are amelioratary and hardly warrant condign Punishment. The lawyer is young	 the offence is not tainted with turpitude and the surety whose solvency be certified was found to be good. The most that may be justified is perhaps a public reprimand since censure has a better deterrent value on the errant brethren in the 208 profession in some situations than a suspension for a month from professional practice which may pass unnoticed in the crowd of lawyers and the delinquent himself may be plying his business except for appearance in Court. In suitable cases	 of course	 even severity of suspension or disbarment may be justified. This Court should not interfere ordinarily with a punishment imposed by the Disciplinary Tribunal except where strong circumstances involving principle are present. In our vast country of illiterate litigants and sophisticated litigation	 the legal position must be so explained as to harmonise the interests of the indigents who are marched into Court and the professional probity of the Bar which is an extended instrument of justice. We hold that public admonition is an appropriate sentence in the present case and proceed to administer it in open court to the appellant ! We hereby reprimand him and direct that he shall not violate the norms of professional conduct and shall uphold the purity and probity of the profession generally	 and	 in particular	 as spelt out in the rules framed by the Bar Council of India. We condone his deviance this time and warn him that he shall not violate again. The appeal is	 to this extent	 allowed and the sentence of reprimand substituted for the sentence of suspension. P.B.R. Appeal allowed in part.

Summary:
Rule 10	 Chapter II	 Part 6 of the Rules framed by the Bar Council of India for professional mis conduct provides that an advocate shall not stand a surety	 or certify the soundness of a surety	 for his client required for the purposes of any legal proceedings. The appellant	 a practising advocate	 was suspended for one month by the Disciplinary Tribunal of the Bar Council of India on the ground that in violation of the rules	 he had certified the solvency of a surety in a bailable offence in which the accused was his client. The appellate body dismissed his appeal. On the question whether a reprimand would meet the ends of justice	 Allowing the appeal in part	 ^ HELD: (1) Section 35 of the Advocates Act permits reprimand provided the ends of public justice are met by this leniency. Ordinarily this Court does not interfere with a punishment imposed by the Disciplinary Tribunal except where strong circumstances involving principle are present. Censure has a better deterrent value on the errant brethren in the profession in some situations than suspension for a month from professional practice. In the present case the lawyer was young	 the offence was not tainted with turpitude and the surety whose solvency he certified was found to be good. These circumstances are amelioratory and hardly warrant codign punishment. Public admonition is an appropriate sentence in the present case. p	 Public professions which enjoy a monopoly of public audience have statutorily enforced social accountability for purity	 probity and people conscious service. In our country bail has become a logy and an instrument of unjust incarceration. This harasses the poor and leads to corruption. A smart lawyer who appears for an indigent accused may commiserate and enquire whether the surety is solvent. If he is satisfied that the surety is sufficiently solvent	 he may certify the solvency of the surety. In some cases the detainee may be a close relation or close friend or a poor servant of his. In that capacity	 not as a lawyer	 he may know the surety and his solvency or may offer himself as a surety. In such cases he violates the rule all the same. The degree of culpability in such cases depends on the total circumstances and the social milieu. The rule under consideration is a wholesome one in the sense that lawyers should not misuse their role for making extra perquisites by standing surety for their clients or certifying the solvency of such sureties. The Court may not 206 frown upon a lawyer who helps out the person	 not by false pretences	 but on the strength of factual certitude and proven inability to substantiate solvency. The Court reprimanded the appellant and directed that he shall not violate the norm of professional conduct and shall uphold the purity and probity of the profession generally.