Judgment Case ID: 1880

Judgment:
Appeal No. 934 of 1964. Appeal from the judgment and order dated January 13	 1964	 of the Punjab High Court (Circuit Bench) at Delhi in Civil Writ No. 258 D of 1957. Hardayal Hardy	 B. Dutta	 M. section K. Sastri and J. B. Dadachanji	 for the appellants. C. K. Daphtary	 Attorney General R. K. P. Shankardass and R. H. Dhebar	 for the respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by Gajendragadkar	 C.J. The two appellants	 the Hamdard Dawakhana (Wakf)	 Delhi	 and its Mutawalli Haji Hakim Hameed	 represent the Hamdard Dawakhana institution which was initially established in or about 1906 as a dawakhana and was subsequently declared and founded as a Wakf. Since its inception	 the institution has been running dispensaries and clinics for the treatment of patients and has been manufacturing and supplying medicines and medicinal products according to Ayurvedic and Unani Systems of medicines. Appellant No. 1 also manufactures medicated syrups which contain some fruit juices for medicinal use and they are prepared according to a certain formula devised by it. "Sharbat Rooh Afza" which is a medicated syrup manufactured by appellant No. 1 is made of the following ingredients "Kasni seeds	 Khus	 Pumpkin Juice	 Water melon Juice	 Chharila	 Ripe grapes	 Spinach	 Nilofar	 Sandal	 194 Gul Gaozaban	 Coriandar	 Carrot	 Mint	 Kulfa	 Keora	 Rose	 Citrus flower	 Orange Juice	 Pine apple Juice	 Water	 Sugar". The formula determining the ratio and proportion in which each one of the ingredients has to be used	 has been evolved by appellant No. 1 as a result of various experiments spread over a long period. The manufacture of this Sharbat began in 1920. It is intended to be used for common ailments during hot season	 particularly for ailments like loss of appetite	 sun stroke	 nausea	 sleeplessness	 etc. This Sharbat Rooh Afza is not a foodstuff	 and cannot be regarded as an essential commodity under section 2 of the (No. 10 of 1955) (hereinafter called 'the Act '). In substance	 this is the case as set out by the appellants in their petition. Purporting to act under section 3 of the Act the Central Govern ment made an Order called the Fruit Products Order	 1955 (hereinafter called 'the Fruit Order ') under Notification No. S.R.O. 1052 dated May 3	 1955. Under clause 3 of the Order	 respondent No. 4	 the Central Fruit Products Advisory Committee	 has been constituted. It appears that on the 22nd September	 1956	 the Central Government purporting to act under section 3 of the Act	 made certain amendments in the Fruit Order. The result of one of the amendments thus made was to direct that the minimum percentage of fruit juice in the final product of a fruit syrup as indicated in Part 11 of the Second Schedule to the Fruit Order should be raised from 10% to 25%. The change so made was notified to the appellants by respondent No. 2	 the Marketing Development Officer	 Fruit Products	 Central Zone	 Delhi	 on January 29	 1957. As a result of this intimation	 certain correspondence followed between the appellants and respondent No. 2. The appellants had urged in the course of this correspondence that Sharbat Rooh Afza did not fall within the scope of the Act and the Fruit Order. On March 25	 1957	 respondent No. 3	 the Agricultural Marketing Adviser to the Government of India	 New Delhi	 invited a representative of the appellants for discussions	 and as a result of the said discussion	 Mr. Sood	 the Marketing Development Officer	 Delhi	 inspected the factory of the appellants and watched the process of manufacture of Sharbat Rooh Afza on April 29	 1957. Thereafter	 on May 10	 1957	 the appellants received a communication from Mr. Sood ordering the appellants to stop further manufacture and sale of Sharbat Rooh Afza forthwith on 195 the ground that it did not contain the minimum percentage of fruit juice prescribed by the relevant clause of the Fruit Order. This communication mentioned the fact that the appellants had been specifically asked to prepare fruit syrups strictly in accordance with the specifications prescribed	 but in utter disregard of the said instructions	 the appellants had wilfully continued to contravene the provisions of the Fruit Order. That is why by virtue of the powers conferred on him by clause 13(f) of the Fruit Order	 the present order was served on the appellants. It is this order which was challenged by the appellants by their writ petition filed before the Punjab High Court on the 18th May	 1957 (No. 258 D of 1957). By their writ petition	 the appellants prayed that the impugned order as well as the several orders passed preceding it	 should be quashed and a writ of mandamus should be issued against the respondents restraining them from seeking to enforce the material provisions of the Fruit Order in respect of the appellants ' product 'Sharbat Rooh Afza '. The appellants urged that the said Sharbat is not a foodstuff	 but a medicinal product and as such	 its produc tion cannot be regulated under the provisions of section 3 of the Act. According to them	 the said Sharbat was not an essential commodity	 nor was it a 'fruit product ' as defined by clause 2(d) of the fruit Order. They also urged that the impugned order was invalid	 because it contravened the fundamental rights of the appellants under article 19(1)(f)&(g) of the Constitution; the Sharbat in question was in fact a medicinal product and as such	 the impugned order was inconsistent with clause 16 (1) (c) of the Fruit Order. It is on these grounds that the appellants sought relief by way of an appropriate writ or order quashing the impugned order issued against them on May 10	 1957. To this petition	 the appellants impleaded the Union of India as respondent No. 1. This petition was resisted by the respondents on several grounds. It was alleged that the Sharbat in question fell within the scope of the Act and the Fruit Order. The respondents referred to the fact that the Hamdard Dawakhana had duly applied and was granted a licence in 1955 as a manufacturer engaged in the business of manufacturing fruit products for sale. The Dawakhana is holding this licence since 1955. The bottles in which the Sharbat in question is sold by the appellants do not bear labels containing the words "for medicinal use only". It appears that the Dawakhana obtained a licence for the year 1952 under the Fruit Products Order 1948 for the manufacture of the Sharbat in question. On analysis	 it was found that the said Sharbat did not 196 contain fruit juice	 though it was sold as fruit juice. The label 	on the bottle of the Sharbat depicts pictures of fruits. Under the said Order of 1948 the synthetic syrups containing no fruit juice were required to be clearly marked as 'synthetic ' and to abstain from using labels with pictures of fruits. In 1954 when it was found that the Dawakhana did not get the licence renewed	 the appellants were asked either to get their licence renewed or to get exemption by complying with the necessary conditions. When the appellants did not comply with these directions	 some of the bottles of the Sharbat were detained in the market. That led to a writ petition filed by the appellants in 1.954 (No. 11 D/1954) in the Punjab High Court. When the petition	 however	 came for final hearing	 it was not pressed	 and so	 was dismissed on June 5	 1954. The Dawakhana then filed a suit for injunction	 but the said suit became infructuous with the expiry of the Fruit Products Order	 1948 on January 25	 1955. The present Fruit Order came into force on May 3	 1955; and the Dawakhana filed another suit for injunction	 but pending the suit	 the appellants applied for and obtained a licence under the Fruit Order and in consequence	 the suit was withdrawn on October 18	 1955. Even after obtaining the licence	 the requirements of the relevant provisions of the Fruit Order as to the minimum percentage of fruit juice were not complied with by the appellants; and that led to the impugned order. That is the background of the present writ petition. In the present writ petition	 the respondents urged that the Sharbat in question is not sold for medicinal purposes; it is manufactured by the appellants as a fruit product and sold as such. No exemption was claimed by the appellants under clause 16 of the Fruit Order. The Sharbat in question is foodstuff within the meaning of section 2 of the Act and it falls within the purview of the Fruit Order. The impugned order is not unconstitutional	 because the restriction imposed by it is consistent with the relevant provisions of the Act and the Fruit Order	 and the said provisions are perfectly valid	 because they impose a reasonable restriction in the interest of general public. This writ petition came on for final disposal before the Punjab High Court on January 13	 1964. The High Court has rejected the pleas raised by the appellants and dismissed their writ petition. The High Court has held that there was no substance in the appellants ' grievance that the Fruit Order was invalid. In support of this conclusion	 the High Court has relied upon a decision of this 197 Court in M/s. Amrit Banaspati Co.	 Ltd. vs The State of Uttar Pradesh(1). The High Court negatived the appellants ' argument that the Sharbat in question was either prepared or sold as a medicinal product. In this connection the High Court has commented ' on the fact that the label borne by the bottles containing the Sharbat did not show that it was for medicinal use only as required by cl. 16 (1) (c) of the Fruit Order According to the High Court	 clause 1 1 of the Fruit Order covered the case of the Sharbat prepared by the appellants	 and so	 the impugned order was justified. The High Court also found that there was no substance in the	 grievance made by the appellants that as a result of this impugned order	 their registered trade mark label had been affected. The High Court then examined the question as to whether the provisions of the Fruit Order could be said to be invalid	 and it held that the said provisions were perfectly valid inasmuch as the restrictions imposed by them were reasonable and in the interests of ' the general public. It is on these grounds that the High Court dismissed the appellants ' petition. Thereafter	 the appellants applied for and obtained a certificate from the High Court to come to this Court in appeal. This certificate was granted on July 22	 1964 After the appeal. was admitted in due course	 the appellants moved this Court on October 26	 1964 for stay; in fact	 during all the seven years that the writ petition was pending before the High Court	 the appellants had obtained stay and they wanted the stay to continue pending the final ' disposal of this appeal. When we found that the writ petition had taken an unusually long time in the Punjab High Court	 we directed that the stay should continue in favour of the appellants	 but that the appeal should be heard on November 9	 1964. That is how the hearing of this appeal has been specially expedited. Before we deal with the points which have been raised before us by Mr. Pathak	 we would refer very briefly to the scheme and the relevant provisions of the Act and the Fruit Order. The Act was passed in 1955 for the purpose of controlling the production	 supply and distribution of	 and trade and commerce in	 certain commodities in the interests of the general public. The commodities which were intended to be brought within the purview of the Act were essential commodities as defined by section 2(a) of the Act. Amongst them are included foodstuffs	 including edible oil seeds and oils covered by section 2 (a) (v)	 and any other class of ' commodity which the Central Government may	 by notified order	 (1) Criminal Appeal No. 141 of 1959 decided on 30 11 1960. 198 declare to be an essential commodity for the purposes of this Act	 being a commodity with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws by virtue of entry 33 in List III of the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution; this is included in the definition by section 2 (a) (xi). Section 3 (1 ) provides that if the Central Government is of opinion that it is necessary or expedient so to do for maintaining or increasing supplies of any essential commodity or for securing their equitable distribution and availability at fair prices	 it may	 by order	 provide for regulating or prohibiting the production	 supply and distribution thereof and trade and commerce therein. Sub section (2) by clauses (a) to (h) provides for different categories of orders which may be passed by the Central Government without prejudice to the generality of the powers conferred on it by sub section (1). It would thus be clear that the Act confers power on the Central Government to regulate the production	 supply and distribution of essential commodities. This power is conferred in a very general and wide sense by section 3 ( 1 ). There can be little doubt that the power to regulate the production of an essential commodity will include the power to regulate the production of essential commodities which may operate either qualitatively or quantitatively. In other words	 in regard to essential commodities	 the Central Government is given the power to direct how certain essential commodities should be produced and in what quantity. This power	 of course	 can be exercised only if the condition precedent prescribed by section 3(1) is satisfied	 and that is that the Central Government should be of opinion that it is necessary or expedient to regulate the production of any essential commodity for one of the purposes mentioned by it. This position cannot be	 and is not	 disputed before us. In fact in M/s. Amrit Banaspati Co. Ltd.(1) this Court whilst dealing with the provisions of the Vegetable Oil Products Control Order	 1947	 issued under section 3 (1 ) of the Act	 has definitely ruled that a qualitative regulation in respect of the production of an essential commodity is permissible under section 3(1) of the Act. That takes us to the Fruit Products Order which was issued by the Central Government on May 3	 1955	 in exercise of the powers conferred on it by section 3 of the Act. Clause 2 of the Fruit Order defines 'fruit product '. 2(d) (1) takes in synthetic beverages	 syrups and sharbats; cl. 2 (d) (v) takes in squashes crushes	 cordials	 barley water	 barreled juice and ready to serve beverages or any other beverages containing fruit juices or fruit pulp. Clause 2 (d) (xiv) takes in any other unspecified items relating to fruits or vegetables. Clause 2(j) defines "sharbat" as 199 meaning any non alcoholic sweetened beverage or syrup containing non fruit juice or flavoured with non fruit flavours	 such as rose	 khus	 kewra	 etc; and cl. 2(k) defines "synthetic beverage" as meaning any non alcoholic beverage or syrups	 other than aerated waters	 containing no fruit juice but having an artificial flavour or colour resembling as fruit. Clause 7 of the Fruit Order prescribes that every manufacturer shall manufacture fruit products in conformity with the sanitary requirements and the appropriate standard of quality and composition specified in the Second Schedule to this Order; it adds that every other fruit and vegetable product not so specified shall be manufactured in accordance with the standard of quality and composition laid down in this behalf by the Licensing Officer. That takes us to clause II; it is necessary to read this clause fully : (1)Any beverage which does not contain at least 25 per centum of fruit juice in its composition shall not be described as a fruit syrup	 fruit juice	 squash or cordial or crush and shall be described as a synthetic syrup. (2) Every synthetic syrup shall be clearly and conspicuously marked on the label as a 'SYNTHETIC ' product	 and no container containing such product shall have a label	 whether attached thereto or printed on the wrapper of such container or	 otherwise	 which may lead the consumer into believing that it is a fruit product	 Neither the word 'FRUIT ' shall be used in describing such a product	 nor shall it be sold under the cover of a label	 which carries the picture of any fruit. Aerated water containing no fruit juice or pulp shall not have a label which leads the consumer into believing that it is a fruit product. Part II of the Second Schedule to the Fruit Order prescribes the specifications for fruit juice and other beverages. In regard to fruit syrup	 it provides	 inter alia	 that the minimum percentage of fruit juice in the final product must be 25%. The respondents ' contention is that since the Sharbat in question produced by the appellants does not comply with this specification	 it contravenes the mandatory provision of cl. 11(1). Part IV of the Second Schedule prescribes the specifications for synthetic syrups and sharbats. Under this Part	 there is no requirement as to any minimum of fruit juice in the said syrups and sharbats. 200 Clause 16 of the Fruit Order provides for cases to which this Order does not apply	 Clause 16 (1) (c) provides that nothing in this Order shall be deemed to apply to any syrups which are sold in bottles bearing a label containing the words "For medicinal use only" which does not exhibit any picture of fruits. It is common ground that the appellants do not sell the Sharbat in question in bottles bearing a label containing the words "For medicinal use only" and so	 cl. 1 6 (1) (c) does not apply and the appellants can claim no exemption on that account. Mr. Pathak no doubt attempted to argue that the Sharbat in question is not an essential commodity and as such	 it does not fall within the purview of the Act or within the purview of the Fruit Order. It appears that this plea was not urged by the appellants before the Punjab High Court. It was argued by them before the High Court that the Sharbat in question was a medicinal product; and that point had been considered and rejected by the High Court; and so	 it has assumed that the Sharbat in question is an essential commodity within the meaning of section 2 of the Act; that question cannot now be allowed to be argued for the first time before this Court. Mr. Pathak wanted to suggest that the Sharbat in question is not a fruit product and as such	 is outside the purview of the Fruit Order. We are not impressed by this argument. We have already referred to cl. 2 (d) (v) of the Fruit Order which refers to several beverages	 and the residuary part of this clause takes in any other beverages containing fruit juices or fruit pulp. The suggestion that this clause should be read ejusdem generis with the previous categories of beverages cannot obviously be accepted because an examination of the said beverages will disclose the fact that there is no genus by reference to which the rule of ejusdem generis can be properly invoked. Besides	 the context of the clause clearly suggests that it is intended to take in all beverages other than those earlier specified	 provided they contain fruit juices or fruit pulp. Therefore	 we feel no difficulty in holding that the Sharbat in question falls within the purview of cl. 2 (d) (v) of the Fruit Order and as such	 its production can be controlled by its relevant provisions Then it is urged by Mr. Pathak that the Fruit Order itself is invalid	 because it does not purport to say that before it was issued	 the Central Government had formed the opinion that it was necessary or expedient to issue the Order for maintaining or increasing supplies of the commodity in question. Mr Pathak 201 contends	 and rightly	 that the condition prescribed by the first part of section 3(1) of the Act is a condition precedent and it is only when and after the said condition is satisfied that the power to issue a regulatory order can be exercised by the Central Government. This contention again cannot be allowed to be raised for the first time in appeal	 because if it had been raised before the High Court	 the respondents would have had a chance to meet it. It is true	 as Mr. Pathak contends	 that in the absence of any specific averment made by the Fruit Order that the Central Government had formed the necessary opinion	 no presumption can be drawn that such opinion had been formed at the relevant time; but it would have been open to the respondents to prove that such an opinion had been formed at the relevant time; and it cannot be suggested that the failure to mention that fact expressly in the Fruit Order itself would preclude the respondents from proving the said fact independently. That is why we think Mr. Pathak cannot be permitted to urge this contention at this stage. Mr. Pathak	 has	 however	 strenuously argued before us that the Fruit Order is invalid	 because its relevant provisions indicate that it is an Order which could have been appropriately issued under the (No. 37 of 1954). In support of this argument	 Mr. Pathak has relied on the fact that Act 37 of 1954 is relatable to the legislative power conferred by Entry 18 in List III of the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution which refers to adulteration of foodstuffs and other goods; and so	 the material provisions of the Fruit Order which really prevent the adulteration of fruit products could be legitimately enacted under this Act. On the other hand	 the is relateable to Entry 33 in List III and the Fruit Order issued under it would	 therefore	 be inappropriate	 having regard to the object which this Order is intended to achieve. He argues that the two powers are distinct and separate	 and the Fruit Order with which we are concerned	 cannot be said properly to have been issued under the Act. It is true that the does deal with the problem of preventing adulteration of food; but it is not easy to accept Mr. Pathak 's assumption that the regulatory Order of the kind with which we are concerned which imposes regulations Of a qualitative character in the production of essential goods	 could have been issued under this Act. But quite apart from this consideration if section 3(1) of the Act authorises the Central Government to regulate the qualitative and quantitative production of essential commodities	 it is idle to contend that the regulations p /65 14 202 imposed by the Fruit Order in respect of fruit products are outside the purview of section 3 (1). The pith and substance of the relevant provisions of the Fruit Order clearly is to regulate the qualitative production of fruit products covered by it. This object is illustrated by the specification with which we are concerned. Part II of the Second Schedule to the Fruit Order 1which has imposed the obligation on the manufacturers of fruit 'Syrups to include at least 25% of fruit juice in the final product of the fruit syrup produced by them	 shows that by virtue of its powers under section 3 (1) of the Act	 the Central Government thought it necessary to require that a particular quality of fruit syrup should be put on the market as fruit syrup and no other. This object plainly falls within the purview of section 3(1)	 and so	 the contention that the Fruit Order is invalid inasmuch as it purports to tackle the problem of adulteration of fruit product	 cannot be accepted. Then Mr. Pathak suggested that there was some inconsistency between the definition of 'synthetic beverage ' prescribed by cl. 2 (k) and the provisions of cl. 11 (2) of the Fruit Order. We have already read cl. 11. The effect of cl. 11 (1) is that if any beverage does not contain at least 25 per cent of fruit juice	 it shall not be described	 inter alia	 as 'fruit syrup '	 but shall be 	described as a 'synthetic syrup '	 and sub cl. (2) of cl. 11 therefore provides that if any syrup which has to be described as a 'synthetic syrup ' by virtue of the provisions of sub cl. (1) is put on the market	 it would be necessary to describe it as a 'Synthetic ' product clearly and conspicuously. It is with the object of bringing it to the notice of the customers at large that the synthetic product does not contain the minimum fruit juice prescribed by the Fruit Order that sub cl. (2) imposes an obligation that whoever puts the synthetic product in the market shall mark it with a label "Synthetic" and no attempt would be made to describe the product as though it was a fruit product. That is why a specific provision is made by sub cl. (2) that neither the word "Fruit" shall be used in describing such a product	 nor will it bear a label which carries the picture of any fruit. From this provision aerated waters are exempted	 because it was thought that no customer would ever mistake aerated water for fruit juice. Now	 if we bear in mind this scheme of clause 11	 it is difficult to see where the inconsistency lies between cl. 11 and the definition of a 'synthetic beverage ' as prescribed by cl. 2(k). The definition of synthetic beverage indicates that it is a beverage which contains no fruit juice	 and clause 11 which contains a positive provision that beverages 203 containing less than 25 per cent fruit juice should be shown as a 'synthetic ' product. The definition of 'synthetic beverage ' cannot be said to conflict with the requirement that the products falling under cl. 11(2) should be sold as 'synthetic ' products. Besides	 clause 1 1 contains a positive provision and the validity of the mandatory requirements of cl. 11 cannot be said to be impaired by any alleged inconsistency between the said provision and the definition of 'synthetic beverage ' prescribed by cl. 2 (k) of the Fruit Order. The last contention which Mr. Pathak urged before us is that the impugned order is invalid	 because it affects the appellants ' trade mark right. It is not easy to appreciate this argument. We have already held that the Act and the Fruit Order issued by the Central Government by virtue of its powers conferred by section 3(1) of the Act are valid. If that be so	 the impugned order which is fully justified by the provisions of the Act and the Fruit Order cannot be challenged as being invalid. The conclusion that the Act and the Fruit Order issued under it are constitutionally valid proceeds on the basis that the restrictions imposed by them are reasonable and in the interests of general public. What the impugned order purports to do is to require the appellants to comply with the reasonable restrictions imposed by the Fruit Order. The fact that incidentally compliance with Fruit Order may tend to affect their trade mark right cannot	 in our opinion	 render the impugned order invalid. In this connection	 it is necessary to bear in mind that appellant No. I would not be justified in con tending that the registered trade mark which is usually intended to distinguish one manufactured article from another can be used by it even though it is likely to mislead the customers	 or its use would mean a breach of some other law. Besides	 it is significant that the impugned order does not really compel the appellants to change their trade mark. If the appellants desire that the Sharbat in question should be put on the market without complying with the requirements of clause 1 1 ( 1 )	 all that they to do is to comply with cl. 1 1 (2) of the Fruit Order. In the process of complying with cl. 1 1 (2)	 if their trade mark right is likely to be affected	 that would not render the impugned order invalid	 because the restriction which is sought to be enforced against them is found to be reasonable and in the interests of the general public. Besides	 we would like to add that if the appellants wanted to urge this point seriously	 they should have placed before the Court more material in respect of their alleged trade mark right. The appellants had alleged in their writ petition that they are putting the 204 Sharbat on the market as a medicinal product. In that case	 they may claim exemption by complying with cl. 16 (i) (c) of the Fruit Order. We are	 therefore satisfied that the Punjab High Court was right in holding that no case had been made out by the appellants for quashing the impugned order. Before we part with this appeal	 we would like to refer to one unfortunate aspect of the present proceedings. We have already indicated that the present writ petition was filed by the appellants in the Punjab High Court on May 18	 1957	 and it was finally decided on January 13	 1964. It is very much to be regretted that the final disposal of this writ petition should have taken such an unusually long period. The appellants have been agitating this matter since 1957 and as a result of the long duration of the present writ petition in the High Court	 they have had the benefit of the stay order all this time	 though ultimately it was found that there was no substance in the petition. It is hardly necessary to add that writ petitions in which orders of stay and injunction are passed	 should be decided as expeditiously as possible. That is why when it came to the notice of this Court that this writ petition has taken an unusually long period in the High Court	 we directed that it should be set down for hearing within a fortnight after it was brought to us on a notice of motion for stay. The result is	 the appeal fails and is dismissed with costs. Appea1 dismissed.

Summary:
The appellants manufacture a medicated syrup "Sharbat Rooh Afza" according to a formula and containing some fruit juices. Acting under section 3 of the 	 the Central Government made the Fruit Products order in 1955; as a result of an amendment in September 1956 of the relevant provisions of this Order	 the requirement of the minimum percentage of fruit juices in a fruit syrup covered in of the Second Schedule of the Fruit Order was raised from 10% to 25%. This requirement was duly notified to the Appellants. Thereafter as a result of an inspection of their factory by the Marketing development Officer	 the appellants received an order from him requiring them to stop further manufacture and sale of 'Sharbat Rooh Afza ' forthwith on the ground that it did not contain the minimum percentage of fruit juices prescribed by the relevant provisions of the Fruit Order. The appellants challenged this order in a Writ Petition on the ground	 inter alia	 that the Fruit Order did not apply to 'Sharbat Rooh Afza ' and also that the impugned order and the Fruit Order were invalid. The High Court	 however	 rejected these grounds	 upheld the validity of the Fruit Order and dis missed the petition. It was contended on behalf of the appellants that the 'Sharbat ' was a medicinal product and not a 'fruit product ' as defined by cl. 2(d) of the Fruit Order; that the Fruit Order was invalid because it could have appropriately been issued only under the 	 and not the ; and that the impugned order was invalid because it affected the appellant 's Trade mark rigts. HELD : (i) The Sharbat was a fruit product within the meaning of cl. 2(d) (v) of the Fruit order as the residuary part of that clause took in any beverages containing fruit juices or fruit pulp; as such	 its production could be controlled by the relevant provisions of the order. The High Court was right in rejecting the appellant 's contention that the Sharbat was a medicinal product in view of the fact that the appellants had not claimed exemption from the application of the Fruit Order by complying with Cl. 16(1)(c) thereof. [200 E G; 201 H; 203 A] (ii)As section 3(1) of the authorised the Central Government to regulate the qualitative and quantitative production of essential commodities	 and as the pith and substance of the relevant provisions of the Fruit Order was clearly to regulate the qualitative production of the Fruit Products covered by it	 the contention that the regulations imposed by the order were outside the purview of section 3(1)	 could 193 not be accepted. The order was not therefore invalid on the ground that it purported to tackle the problem of adulteration and should therefore have been issued under the . [201 D 202 C] (iii)The Fruit Order and the Act under which it was issued were constitutionally valid as the restrictions imposed by them were reasonable and in the interest of the general public. What the impugned order purported to do was to require the appellants to comply with reasonable restric tions imposed by the Fruit Order and the fact that	 incidentally	 compliance with the Fruit Order might tend to affect the trade mark rights	 could not render the impugned order invalid. [203 D E] (iv)The definition of 'synthetic beverage ' in cl. 2(k) of the Fruit Order which indicates that it is a beverage which contains no fruit juice cannot be said to conflict with the requirements of cl. 11(2) that beverages containing less than 25% fruit juices should be sold as 'synthetic ' pro ducts. Furthermore	 cl. 11 contains a positive provision and the validity of the mandatory requirements of cl. 11 could not be impaired by the alleged inconsistency between that provision and the definition of 'synthetic ' beverage prescribed by cl. 2(k). [203 A B] Amrit Banaspati Co. Ltd. vs The Stale of U.P. Cr. A. No. 141 of 1959 dated 30 11 60	 referred to.