Judgment Case ID: 4937

Judgment:
ivil Appeal No. 1994 (N) of 1971. From the Judgment and Order dated 26. 70 of the High Court of Allahabad in Second Appeal NO. 4540 of 1964. O. P. Verma for the appellant. J. M. Khanna and R. A. Gupta for the Respondents. section N. Kackar appeared as amicus curiae. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by CHINNAPPA REDDY	 J. Matbar Mal	 who had Sirdari rights over the disputed land	 deposited an amount equal to ten times the land revenue payable on the land in order to acquire Bhumidhari rights. This he could do under sec. 134 of the U. P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act	 1950 as it then stood. The deposit was made on October 28	 1961. On the same day	 Matbar Mal sold the land to the present appellant. On October 30	 1961	 a certificate to the effect that he had acquired Bhumidhari rights was issued to Matbar Mal under sec. 137 of the U. P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act	 1950. Thereafter the sons of Matbar Mal filed the suit out of which the present appeal arises for cancellation of the deed of sale executed by Matbar Mal on October 28	 1961 in favour of the defendants. the suit was dismissed by the court of the Additional Munsif and the appeal by the plaintiffs was also dismissed by court of the Temporaries Civil & Sessions Judge	 Deoria. On second appeal by the plaintiffs	 however	 a single judge of the High Court of Allahabad allowed the appeal following a Division Bench judgment of the same court in Dhani Ram vs Jokhu (Second Appeal No. 4276 of 1964) arid decreed the suit. The defendant has preferred this appeal by special leave under article 136 of the Constitution. ' The ground on which the second appeal was allowed by the High Court was that the Sirdar who deposited the requisite amount acquired Bhumidhari rights not from the date of deposit but from the date of the grant of the Bhumidhari certificate	 and	 therefore	 Matbar Mal who executed the sale deed on October 28	 1961 had no right to execute the same on that day as he acquired Bhumidhari rights with effect from October 30	 1961 only	 which was the date of the issuance of the Bhumidhari certificate. 921 Before the U. P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act	 A 1950 was amended in 1962	 sec. 134 in so far as it is relevant stood as follows: "134 (1) if a sirdar belonging to the class mentioned in cl.(a) of section 131 pays or offers to pay to the credit of the State Government an amount equal to ten times the land revenue payable or deemed to be payable on the date of application for the land of which he is the sirdar	 he shall	 upon an application duly made in that behalf to an Assistant Collector	 be entitled	 with effect from the date on which the amount has been deposited	 to a declaration that he has acquired the rights mentioned in sec. 137 in respect of such land. " Section 137 in so far as it is relevant then stood as follows: "137 (1) If the application has been duly made and the Assistant Collector is satisfied that the applicant is entitled to the declaration mentioned in sec. 134 he shall grant a certificate to that effect. (2)Upon the grant of the certificate under sub sec. (1) the sirdar shall from the date thereof (a)become and the be deemed to be a bhumidhar of the holing or the share in respect of which the certificate has been granted	 and (b). . " There was some conflict of opinion in the Allahabad High Court ON the question whether the tenant depositing the amount equivalent to ten times the land revenue and obtaining a Bhumidhari certificate	 obtained Bhumidhari rights from the date of deposit	 the date of declaration or the date of certificate The conflict was resolved by the legislature which enacted Act 21 of 1962 which amended sec. 137 of the U. P. Zamindari Abolition Act among other provisions of various other enactments. In sec. 137 sub sec. 2 of the U. P. Zamindari Abolition Act	 for the words "from the date thereof" were substituted the words and figures "from the date on which the amount referred to in sec. 134 has been deposited". Unfortunately the amending Act	 which in the case of certain amendments provided that the substituted words shall be deemed always to have been s:) substituted	 did not so provide in the case of the amendment of sec. 137 (2) of the U. P. Zamindari Abolition 922 Act. The result was that in cases where the amount had been deposited and a certificate obtained On different dates before the coming into force of the 1962 amending Act	 the position still was that the tenure holder acquired bhumidari rights with effect only from the date of issuance of the bhumidhari certificate. It was so held in Dhani Ram vs Jokhu (supra) by a Division Bench of the Allahabad High Court. It was following this decision in Dhani Ram 's case that the learned single Judge of the High Court in the present case allowed the second appeal. The decision in Dhani Ram vs Jokhu was approved by another Division Bench of the same court consisting of section D. Khare and R. B. Misra	 JJ in Ram Swarup vs Deputy Director	 Consolidation and Ors.(1) In the latter case the learned judges expressed the further opinion that in a situation like the one before them	 there was no reason why recourse should not he had to sec. 43 of the Transfer of Property Act to feed the title as it were	 if the necessary conditions were fulfilled. We agree with the reasoning of the learned judges in Ram Swarup vs Deputy Director	 Consolidation ' (supra). In that case	 the matter was remanded to the Deputy Director of Consolidation to consider the question of the applicability of sec. 43 of the Transfer of Property Act and proceed to dispose of the matter in accordance with law. In the present case	 the facts speak for themselves and we do not think that it is necessary to remand the case to the lower courts for a decision on the question of the applicability of sec. 43 of the Transfer of Property Act. The amount of deposit under sec. 134 of the U. P. Zamindari Abolition Act was made on October 28	 1961 and it was on the same day that the sale deed was executed by Matbar Mal. It is clear that Matbar Mal erroneously represented to the vendee that he was authorised to transfer the property and professed to transfer such property for consideration. The very execution of the sale dead on the same day as the deposit of the requisite. amount under sec 134 is significant enough to establish that the sale deed was the result of an erroneous representation by Matbar Mal. It is also clear that the present plaintiffs who are the sons of the vender	 Matbar Mal cannot possibly claim the transferees in good faith which indeed they do not claim to be. Section 43 clearly applies to the situation. The learned counsel for the respondents however attempted to disclaim the applicability of sec. 43 of the Transfer of Property Act by referring to Jumma Masjid vs Kodimaniandra Deviah (2) . He (1) ALL.698. ; =[1962] SUPP 2 S.C.R. 554. 923 invited our attention to the following observations of the learned judges: "Now the compelling reason urged by the appellant for reading a further exception in sec. 43 is that if it is construed as applicable to transfers by persons who have only spes succession is at the date of transfer	 it would have the effect of nullifying sec. 6 (a). But sec. 6 (a) and section 43 relate to two different subjects and there is no necessary conflict between them. Sec 6 (a) deals within certain kinds of interests in property mentioned therein	 and prohibits a transfer simpliciter of those interests. 43 deals with representations as to title made by a transferrer who had no title at the time of transfer	 and provides that the transfer shall faston is self on the title which the transferer subsequently acquires. Section 6 (a) enacts a rule of substantive law	 while section 4.3 enacts a rule of estoppel which is one of evidence. the two provisions operate on different fields	 and under different conditions	 and we see no ground for reading a conflict between them or for cutting down the ambit of the one by reference to the other. In our opinion	 both of them can be given full effect on their own terms	 in their respective spheres. To hold that transfers by persons who have only a spes successions at the date of transfer are not within the protection afforded by section 43 would destroy its utility to a large extent. " We are unable to see in what manner these observations can possibly assist the respondents. In the same decision	 it has been observed later	 referring to the decision of the Madras High Court in Official Assignee	 Madras vs Sanpath Naidu(1). F "This reasoning is open to the criticism that it ignores the principle underlying section 43. That section embodies	 as already stated	 a rule of estoppel and enacts that a person who makes a representation shall not be heard to allege the contrary as against a person who acts on that representation. It is immaterial whether the transferer acts bona fide or fraudulently in making the representation. It is only material to find out whether in fact the transferee has been misled. It is to be noted that when the decision under consideration was given	 the relevant words of section 43 were	 (1) 924 "where a person erroneously represents"	 and now	 as amen ded by Act 20 of 1929	 they are "where a person fraudulently or erroneously represents"	 and that emphasises that for the purpose of the section it matters no whether the transferer acted fraudulently or innocently in making the representations and that what is material is that he did make a representation and the transferer has acted on it. where the transferee knew as a fact that the transferer did not possess the title which he represents he has	 then he cannot be said to have acted on it when taking a transfer. Section 43 would then have no application and the transfer will fail under section 6 (a). But whore the transferee does act on the representation	 there is no reason why he should not have the benefit of the equitable doctrine embodied in section 43	 however	 fraudulent the act of the transferer might have been " In the circumstances of the present case	 we have no doubt that the provisions of sec. 43 of the Transfer of Property Act are clearly attracted and that is sufficient to non suit the plaintiffs. The appeal is	 therefore	 allowed with costs. The judgment of the High Court is set aside and that of the lower appellate court restored. Shri section N. Kacker	 Senior Advocate	 was kind enough to assist us as amicus curiae. We are gratefull to him for his assistance. M.L.A. Appeal allowed.

Summary:
Section 134(1) of the U.P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act 1950 provides that if a Sirdar (tenure holder) deposits with the State Government an amount equal to ten times the land revenue payable on the date of application for the land of which he is a Sirdar	 he shall be entitled with effect from the date on which the amount has been deposited	 to a declaration that he has acquired the rights mentioned in sec. 137 in respect of such land. Sec. 137 as it stood before amendment in 1962 provided that the Sirdar shall become a bhumidhar from the date of grant of a certificate by the Assistant Collector under sub sec. The vendor Who had Sirdari rights over the disputed land deposited the required amount on 28th Oct. 1961 section 134 of the Act in order to acquire Bhumidari rights over the land. He sold the land to the appellant on the same day while he was granted certificate of Bhumidari rights section 137 of the Act on 30th Oct. 1961. Thereafter	 the respondents	 sons of the vendor	 filed a suit before the Additional Munsiff for cancellation of Sale Deed executed by the vendor on 28th October	 1961. The suit was dismissed and the order was confirmed in first appeal. Rut	 the High Court in second appeal filed by the respondents decreed the suit	 holding that the vendor had no right to execute the sale deed on 28th October 1961	 since he acquired Bhumidbari rights w.e.f. 30th October 1961 i.e. from the date of grant of Bhumidari Certificate and Dot from the date of deposit of the amount. 919 Allowing the appeal to this Court	 ^ HELD: (l) Section 43 of the 'transfer of Property Act embodies a rule of estoppel and enacts that a person who makes a representation shall not be heard to allege the contrary as against a person who acts on that representation. lt mattes not whether the transferor acted fraudulently or innocently in making the representation. What is material is hat he did make a representation and the transferee has acted on it. Where the transferee knew as a fact that the transferor did not possess the title which he represents he has	 then he cannot b said to have acted on it when taking a transfer. Section 43 would then have no application and the transfer will fail under s 6(a). But where the transferee does act on the representation	 there is no reason why he should not have the benefit of the equitable doctrine embodied in section 43	 however	 fraudulent the act of the transfer or might have been. [923 G H; 924 C D] C (2) In the instant case	 the amount of deposit under sec. 134 of the Act was made on October 28	 1961 and it was on the same day that the sale deed was executed. It is clear that the vendor erroneously represented to the vendee that he was authorized to transfer the property and professed to transfer such property for consideration. the very execution of the sale deed on the same day as the deposit of the requisite amount under sec. 134 is significant enough establish that the sale deed was the result of an erroneous representation by the Vendor. It is also clear that the respondents who are the sons of the vendor	 cannot possibly claim to be transferees in good faith which indeed they do not claim to be. Section 43 of the Transfer of Property Act clearly applies to the situation However	 the conflict of opinion which rose in the Allahabad High Court on the question whether a tenant obtained Bhumidari rights from the date of deposits	 the date of declaration or the date of certificate was resolved by the legislature which amended sec. 137(2)in 1962 and substituted the words "from the data on which the amount referred to in section 134 has been deposited" for the words	 '"from the date thereof." Unfortunately the amending Act	 which in the case of certain amendments provided that the substituted words shall be deemed always to have been so substituted	 did not so provide in the case of the amendment of sec. 137(2) of the U.P. Zamindari Abolition Act. The result was that in cases where the amount had been deposited and a certificate obtained on different dates before the coming into force of the 1962 amending Act	 the position still was that the tenure holder acquired bhumidari rights with effect only from the date of issuance of the bhumidari certificate. [922 E H; 921 F H; 922A] Ram Sawarup vs Deputy Collector	 Consolidation & Ors. I.L.R. 1971 (1) All. 698	 approxed. Jumma Masjid vs Kodimaniandra Deviah	 ; Supp. 2 S.C.R. 554	 Official Assignee	 Madras vs Sanpath Naidu and Dhani Ram vs Jokhu Second Appeal No. 4276 of 1964 [decided by Allahabad High Court referred to. 920