Judgment Case ID: 4783

Judgment:
Civil Appeal No. 2736 of 1972. From the Award dated the 31st December	 1971 of the Central Govt Labour Court Bombay in application No. L.C.B. 326 of 1969. Harbans Lal	 N. section Das Bahl and R. N. Poddar for the appellants. V. M. Tarkunde	 K. Shivraj Choudhary and K. R. Choudhary for the respondents. The Judgment of the Court was delivered by 294 TULZAPURKAR	 J. The only point raised by counsel for the Appellants in this appeal is whether the respondents who are employees working in the Factory of India Security Press	 Nasik are entitled to over time wages at twice the normal rate of their wages under section 59 of the read with section 70 of the Bombay Shops and Establishments Act	 1948 and the question depends upon the true construction of section 70 of the latter Act. Since in our view the question of proper construction of the said section 70 is concluded by a decision of this Court in Shri B.P. Hira	 Works Manager	 Central Railway	 Parel	 Bombay	 etc. vs Shri C.M. Pradhan etc.(1) it is unnecessary to indulge in any elaborate statement of facts or discussion of all the rival contentions that were urged before the Central Government Labour Court Bombay	 whose decision rendered on December 31	 1971 is challenged in this appeal. Briefly stated the admitted facts are: The India Security Press	 Nasik is a very big establishment of the Central Government headed by the General Manager	 who is also known as Master	 India Security Press. Apart from administrative offices it has a factory. The Press has four wings	 namely	 (a) the stamp press	 (b) currency note press	 (c) new currency note press and (d) central stamp stores. There are various categories of workers who have been classified into two groups such as (1) employees working in the administrative offices and (2) those working in the factory. The 78 respondents	 belonging to all the four wings	 have been employees working in the factory (of these	 R 1 to R 3 are Chief Inspectors (Control); R 4 to R 36 are Inspectors (Control); R 37 & R 38 are Senior Supervisors; R 39 to R 52 are Supervisors; R 53 to R 77 are Junior Supervisors and R 78 is a Store Keeper). These 78 Respondents filed an application against the Appellants before the Central Government Labour Court	 Bombay under section 33C (2) of the claiming over time wages under section 59 of the . read with section 70 of the Bombay Shops and Establishments Act. Their case was that though the normal working period for all those who were working under the roof of the factory was 44 hrs. per week	 they were	 along with the regular factory workers	 required to work for more than 44 hrs. a week but the management had been causing loss to them by paying them	 unlike the factory workers	 over time wages at the basic rates even for work done beyond 44 hrs. whereas they were entitled to over time wages 295 at double the rate of their normal wages (inclusive of dearness allowance	 etc.)	 and as such they were entitled to get the amount of difference ascertained	 computed and paid to them; and they claimed this relief in respect of overtime work done during the past 12 years i.e. from 1 1 1956 to 30 8 1968. Along with the application they gave a detailed schedule and the particulars of their claim totalling to an amount of Rs. 7	00	000 and odd. This claim was resisted by the Appellants on several grounds but we need mention only those grounds which have a bearing on the only point that was raised and argued before us by counsel for the appellants. Inter alia it was contended that none of the Respondents was a 'worker ' under section 2 (i) of the and as such they were not entitled to the benefit of section 59 of that Act read with section 70 of the Bombay Shops and Establishments Act	 1948. It was further contended that even assuming that the respondents were entitled to claim the benefit of the section 59 read with the section 70 notwithstanding that none of them was a worker	 by reason of Rule 100 made by the State Government in exercise of its powers under section 64 of the 	 section 59 became inapplicable to the Respondents and therefore could not be availed of by them inasmuch as quite a substantial number of them fell within the category of person who had been "defined or declared to be holding positions of supervision or management or being employed in a confidential position in the factory." In other words. quite a large number of the Respondents fell within the exempted category under section 64 read with Rule 100 framed by the State Government and	 therefore	 the benefit of section 59 was not available to them. It was further urged that none of the Respondents was an industrial employee	 i.e. 'a workman ' within the meaning of section 2 (s) of the and as such their application under section 33C (2) of that Act was not maintainable. The Central Government Labour Court	 Bombay negatived the first two contentions in view of the decision of this Court in the case of B.P. Hira vs C.M. Pradhan (supra) and as regards the third contention on an appreciation of the oral and documentary evidence led by the parties	 it came to the conclusion that all respondents holding the posts of Chief Inspectors (Control) (R 1 to R 3)	 Inspectors (Control) (R 4 to R 36)	 Junior Supervisors (R 53 to R 57) and Store Keeper (R 78) having regard to the nature of duties and functions performed by them were industrial employees i e. workmen under the and as such were entitled to the relief claimed by them but as 296 regards the respondents who were holding the posts of Senior Supervisors (R 37 and R 38) and Supervisors (R 39 to R 5) not being workmen under the were not entitled to the relief claimed	 of course	 they were denied the relief only for the period during which they were holding those posts. This decision is challenged in the appeal. As stated earlier	 the validity or otherwise of the first two contentions that were urged before the Labour Court and reiterated before us by Counsel for the appellants depends upon the proper construction of s.70 of the Bombay Shops and Establishments Act	 1948 and in order to appreciate both the contentions it will be necessary to set out section 59	 section 64 together with Rule 100 of the and section 70 of the Bombay Shops and Establishments Act	 1918 Sections 59 and 64 occur in Chapter VI of the and the material portions thereof run thus: "59. Extra Wages for overtime. (1) Where a worker works in a factory for more than nine hours in any day or for more than forty eight hours in any week	 he shall	 in respect of overtime work be entitled to wages at the rate of twice his ordinary rate of wages. " "64. Power to make exempting rules	 (1) The State Government may make rules defining the persons who hold positions of supervisions or management or are employed in a confidential position in a factory	 or empowering the Chief Inspector to declare any person	 other than a person defined by such rules	 as a person holding position of supervision or management or employed in a confidential position in a factory if	 in the opinion of the Chief Inspector	 such person holds such position or is so employed and the provisions of this Chapter	 other than provisions of clause (b) of sub section (1) of section 66 and of the proviso to that sub section	 shall not apply to any person so defined or declared: Provided that any person so defined or declared shall	 where the ordinary rate of wages of such person does not exceed rupees seven hundred and fifty per month	 be entitled to extra wages in respect of overtime work under section 59. " Rule 100 framed under section 64 runs thus: 297 "Persons defined to hold positions of supervision or management or confidential position. The following persons shall be deemed to hold position of supervision or management or to be employed in a confidential position in a factory (a) All persons specified in the Schedule annexed hereto. (b) Any other person who	 in the opinion of the Chief Inspector	 holds a position of supervision or management or is employed in a confidential position. Schedule List of persons defined to hold positions of supervision or management in factories: Manager Assistant Manager . . . Departmental Heads and Assistants . . Head Store Keepers and Assistants Technical Experts. " Section 70 of the Bombay Shops and Establishments Act	 1948 runs thus: "70. Persons employed in factory to be governed by and not by this Act. Nothing in this Act shall be deemed to apply to a factory and the provisions of the shall	 notwithstanding anything contained in that Act	 apply to all persons employed in and in connection with a factory: Provided that	 where any shop or commercial establish 298 ment situate within the precincts of a factory is not connected with the manufacturing process of the factory the provisions of this Act shall apply to it: Provided further that	 the State Government may	 by notification in the official Gazette	 apply all or any of the provisions of the to any shop or commercial establishment situate within the precincts of a factory and on the application of that Act to such shop or commercial establishment	 the provisions of this Act shall cease to apply to it. " Counsel for the appellants urged that the respondents	 though employed in the factory of the Press	 were not 'workers ' within the meaning of section 2 (1) of the and therefore were not entitled to the benefit of section 59 of that Act read with section 70 of the Bombay Shops and Establishments Act	 1948. On the plain language of sec. 70 of the Bombay Shops and Establishments Act this contention has to fail. We are concerned not with either of the provisos but with the main provision of section 70 which consists of two parts; the first part states that if there be a factory the Shops and Establishments Act will not apply and the second part states that to such a factory "the provisions of the shall	 notwithstanding anything contained in that Act	 apply to all persons employed in or in connection with a factory. " Clearly	 the portion underlined (the non obstante clause and the phrase 'all persons employed ') has the effect of enlarging the scope of by making it applicable to all persons employed in such factory irrespective of whether employed as workers or otherwise. Therefore although the respondents have not been 'workers ' within the meaning of sec. 2 (1) they will get the benefit of sec. This identical question arose for consideration before this Court in the case of B.P. Hira vs C.M. Pradhan (supra). In that case Shri C.M. Pradhan and other respondents were employed as time keepers in the time office of the Central Railway Workshop and Factory	 Parel	 Bombay and they had claimed over time wages under s.59 of the first on the basis that they were 'workers ' within the meaning of s 2(1) of that Act and alternatively on the basis that assuming they were not 'workers ' within the meaning of section 2(1) of that Act	 they were entitled to claim overtime wages under s.59 of the read with s.70 of the Bombay Shops and Establishments Act	 1948. The validity of the 299 claim on both the grounds was disputed by the appellant (Works Manager). The Authority under the Payment of Wages Act found that only four of the respondents	 who were required to do the work of progress time keeper	 could claim the status of 'workers ' within the meaning of section 2(1) of the and the rest were merely employees of the workshop	 but accepted the alternative case 'made by the respondents and held that each of the respondents was entitled to get the over time wages under sec. 59 read with sec. 70 and this Court upheld the view of the Authority and confirmed its decision. The Court 's view on the proper construction of section 70 of the Bombay Shops and Establishments Act 1948 has been succinctly summarized in the second head note	 which appears at page 137 of the report	 which runs thus: "On a proper construction of section 70 of the Act it is clear that the first part of the section excludes a factory and its employees from the operation of the Act; but the second part makes the relevant provisions of the applicable to them. The non obstante clause in the section shows that the employees in a factory	 although they might not be workers within the meaning of section 2(1) of the 	 are entitled to claim overtime wages as provided for by that Act." Apart from the fact that the decision is binding on us	 we are in respectful agreement with the construction placed by it on section 70 of the Act. The first contention has	 therefore	 to be rejected. Counsel for the appellants next urged that the effect of section 70 as indicated by the aforesaid decision is that it makes the provisions of the applicable to all persons (irrespective of their capacity) employed in a factory but the provisions of the Act include section 64 (occurring in the same Chapter VI) which gives power to the State Government to make exemptions and it is under section 64 that Rule 100 has been framed by the State Govt. under which the employees specified in the Schedule to the Rule have been excluded from the purview of section 59 of that Act and since in the instant case a substantial number of the respondents fall within the exempted category (Departmental Heads and Assistants) and Head Storekeepers and Assistant they would not be able to claim overtime wages under section 59 of that Act read with section 70 of the Bombay Shops and Establishments Act. In other words	 counsel contended that section 59 must	 be read with section 64 of the and because of Rule 100 framed under section 64	 section 59 becomes inapplicable to the respondents 300 falling within the exempted categories On the other hand	 counsel for the respondents urged that the non obstante clause has the effect of keeping out of the way the exemption provisions	 namely	 section 64 read with Rule 100 and according to him such effect must follow from the ratio of this Court 's decision in case of B.P. Hira vs C.M. Pradhan (supra) and the Labour Court had rightly taken the view that because of the non obstante clause the respondents ' right to claim benefit of overtime wages under s 59 read with section 70 was not affected by the framing of rule 100 by the State Government in exercise of the power conferred on it under section 64. Section 70	 so far as is relevant	 says "the provisions of the shall	 notwithstanding anything contained in that Act	 apply to all persons employed in and in connection with a factory". It is well known that a non obstnte clause is a legislative device which is usually employed to give over riding effect to certain provisions over some contrary provisions that may be found either in the same enactment or some other enactment	 that is to say	 to avoid the operation and effect of all contrary provisions. Thus the non obstante clause in section 70	 namely	 "notwithstanding anything in that Act" must mean notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in that Act and as such it must refer to the exempting provisions which would be contrary to the general applicability of the Act. In other words	 as all the relevant provisions of the Act are made applicable to a factory notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in it	 it must have the effect of excluding the operation of the exemption provisions. Just as because of the non obstante clause the Act is applicable even to employees in the factory who might not be 'workers ' under sec. 2(1)	 the same non obstante clause will keep away the applicability of exemption provisions qua all those working in the factory. The Labour Court	 in our view	 was	 therefore	 right in taking the view that because of the non obstante clause section 64 read with Rule 100 itself would not apply to the respondents and they would be entitled to claim overtime wages under section 59 of that Act read with section 70 of the Bombay Shops and Establishments Act	 1948. Counsel for the appellants pointed out that if such construction was placed on section 70 it will lead to an anomalous situation that even employees of a factory occupying positions of a Manager or a General Manager would become entitled to overtime wages which could not have been the intention of the State Legislature	 but that	 in our view	 is a matter of the State Legislature and not for the Court but it must be pointed out that since 301 the rendering of the aforesaid decision by this Court in 1960 the State Legislature has not intervened	 which perhaps suggests that the State Legislature is not keen to limit the operation of the non obstante clause in any manner. The second contention must also fail. Counsel for the appellants made a feeble attempt to contend that not merely such of the respondents who were holding the posts of Senior Supervisors and Supervisors were not industrial employees but all the other respondents were also not industrial employees i.e. were not workmen under the . In the first place	 the contention depends upon the appreciation of evidence led by the parties on the nature of duties and functions performed by the concerned respondents and it was on an appreciation the entire material that the Labour Court recorded a finding that having regard to the nature of their duties and functions all respondents	 other than those who were holding the post of Senior Supervisors and Supervisors	 were industrial employees	 i.e. workmen under the and it is not possible for this Court to interfere with such a finding of fact recorded by the Labour Court. Even otherwise after considering some of the important material on record through which we were taken by counsel for the appellants	 we are satisfied that the Labour Court 's finding is correct. In the result the appeal fails and is dismissed but there will be no order as to costs. H.S.K. Appeal dismissed.

Summary:
The respondents who were working in different capacities in the factory of India Security Press at Nasik	 an establishment of the appellant	 filed an application before the Central Government Labour Court	 Bombay under section 33 C(2) of the claiming overtime wages at double the ordinary rate of wages under section 59 of the Factories Act read with section 70 of the Bombay Shops and Establishments Act	 1948. The Labour Court dismissed the contentions of the appellant and granted relief. Hence this appeal. Dismissing the Appeal ^ HELD: The contention that the respondents were not workers within the meaning of section 2(1) of the Factories Act and therefore not entitled to the benefit of section 59 of that Act read with section 70 of the Bombay Shops and Establishments Act 1948 must fail on the plain language of section 70. The main provision of section 70 which is relevant consists of two parts; the first part states that if there be a factory the Shops and Establishment Act will not apply and the second part states that to such a factory 'the provisions of the Factories Act shall	 notwithstanding anything contained in that Act	 apply to all persons employed in or in connection with the factory". Clearly	 the underlined portion (the non obstante clause and the phrase 'all persons employed ') has the effect of enlarging the scope of Factories Act by making it applicable to all persons employed in such factory irrespective of whether employed as workers or otherwise. Therefore although the respondents have not been 'workers ' within the meaning of section 2(1) they will get the benefit of section 59. [298 C F] B.P. Hira	 Works Manager	 Central Railway	 Parel	 Bombay	 etc. vs C.M. Pradhan etc ; referred to. The contention that by reason of rule 100 made by the State Govern 293 ment under section 64 of the Factories Act the benefit under section 59 was not available to the respondents falling within the exempted category by reason of their holding posts of supervision	 has no force. [300F and 295E] It is well known that a non obstante clause is a legislative device which is usually employed to give over riding effect to certain provision over some contrary provision that may be found either in the same enactment or some other enactment	 that is to say	 to avoid the operation and effect of all contrary provisions. Thus the non obstante clause in section 70	 namely	 "notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in that Act and as such it must refer to the exempting provisions which would be contrary to the general applicability of the Act. Just as because of the non obstante clause the Act is applicable even to employees in the factory who might not be workers ' under section 2(1)	 the same non obstante clause will keep away the applicability of exemption provisions quarrel those working in the factory The Labour Court was therefore right in taking the view that because of the non obstante clause s 64 read with Rule 100 itself would not apply to the respondents and they would be entitled to claim overtime wages under section 59 of that Act read with section 70 of the Bombay Shops and Establishments Act	 1948. [300 C G] The contention that the respondents were not workmen under the and as such their application was not maintainable	 must be rejected. The contention depends upon the appreciation of evidence led by the parties on the nature of duties and functions performed by the concerned respondents and it was on an appreciation of the entire material that the Labour Court recorded a finding that having regard to the nature of their duties and functions all respondents	 other than those who were holding the posts of Senior Supervisors and supervisors	 were industrial employees	 i. e. workman under the and it is not possible for this Court to interfere with such a finding of fact recorded by the Labour Court. Even otherwise after considering some of the important material on record the court is satisfied that the Labour. Court 's finding is correct. [301 C F]