revolutionarybukhari/Llama-2-7b-chat-finetune-AUTOMATE
Text Generation
•
Updated
•
1.96k
•
2
text
stringlengths 825
9.73k
|
---|
<s>[INST] They Found a Tiny Tree Growing in Man's Body [/INST] The 28 year old patient shows up at the hospital with distressing symptoms. He explained to the doctors that he felt really bad chest discomfort and had been coughing badly for quite some time. The medical staff knew right away there was no time to waste, so he was scheduled for an x-ray. Weirdly, there was nothing unusual about the x-ray results. The patient just had a mass in his lungs that they needed to remove as soon as possible. The x-ray wasn't the best news for the man, but it was certainly nothing the doctors hadn't seen before, but that first opinion changed on the day of the surgery. Not only was the whole operation more difficult than they had initially expected, but the mass they removed from the patient had an unusual shape. When the probe was sent for further investigation, the doctors were puzzled. It was a small fir tree. The doctors that had participated in the operation thought that the man must have inhaled a seed. Which settled inside the man's lungs. After the seed grew into a sapling, its little needles started to damage the tissue surrounding it, which resulted in chest discomfort and coughing. As the story gained more popularity, scientists weighed in on the mysterious story, and they weren't so quick to accept it, saying it was most likely made up. On one hand, most plants need a lot of sunlight to grow, which isn't available in a human luck. So, if it were that simple, we'd all have things growing in our bodies. Small seeds aren't that hard to swallow or inhale, right? This wasn't the only story about plants growing in a human lung that baffled scientists. In 2010, a man from Massachusetts was hospitalized after his lung collapsed. Again, this didn't seem to take doctors by surprise, as unfortunate as it was, because the patient already had a history of respiratory issues. Nevertheless, they discovered a mass inside the man's lung and removed it immediately. What they found was equally as surprising as the fir tree, a small pea plant. Only this time, doctors suggested that the man probably had peas for dinner. But that one simply went the wrong way and didn't end up in his stomach as it should have. Once it reached his lungs, the small pea got comfortable and began sprouting leaves. The truth is a bit more complex in this case, but it does make it more plausible. Turns out that the piece that was removed from the man's lung was only about half an inch long, something that small doesn't qualify as a full grown plant. But the seed was able to grow though. That's because a pea seed can sprout even without light. It naturally does that underground. The seed doesn't need to have any light at this point because the tiny seed has enough energy stored inside. To help it grow to the level of the soil where it gets the sunlight it needs to continue. Because of their relationship with the sun, plants are called autotrophs, or organisms that use exposure to light to feed themselves. A lot of us think that plants get their daily menu from the soil we place them in, but that's not feeding them. Plants need sunlight, water, and the gases in the air to produce glucose, the substance they use for food. This whole process is called photosynthesis and is performed by all plants, algae, and even a bunch of microorganisms, like the purple sulfur bacteria. Now back to our unfortunate human patient. While it's true that the pea seed might have germinated since it had sufficient moisture in there to survive. It didn't grow into a full sized plant. It would have needed sunlight for that so that photosynthesis could begin. That's not to say it wasn't damaging or dangerous. A lot of other emergency room doctors have similar stories too, like this one coming from some doctors in Essex, whose patient initially seemed to have lost her dentures. The woman was elderly and already had memory problems and they initially didn't give this mistake much thought. That wasn't until the woman was later discovered to have some other problems with her lungs too. It didn't take them long to connect the dots and figure out that the woman's upper dentures weren't all lost. They were just inside her body. The woman had swallowed them but didn't realize and they got stuck at the bottom of her throat, also causing her respiratory problems. Not all such mishaps happened by accident. Another man in the UK wanted to offer his fiance the engagement ring of her dreams, but it didn't fit his budget. So he came up with what he believed to be a clever plan. He went to the jewelry parlor and patiently waited for the jeweler to shift his focus from the ring for a split second. As soon as that happened, he swallowed the ring. The jeweler wasn't easily tricked and called the police. Once under the metal detectors, the man could only confess. The crafty romantic was escorted to a cell where he was expected to and passed the ring back to its rightful owner. It's not the only reason people were caught swallowing jeweler. A woman once came up to the emergency doctor complaining about stomach pains. There was nothing bizarre about her. On the contrary, she was a middle aged woman both fashionable and tidy. Her physical exam didn't reveal anything suspicious about her. But the x-ray they had to make sure did. As they were looking at the images, the doctors were perplexed. A whole lot of jewelry was stuck inside the woman's stomach and intestines. The medical staff obviously questioned her about how the objects got there and her response was even more outrageous. She said she wanted to keep her jewelry safe from her husband, which she claimed had a bit of a habit of gifting her jewelry to other women. Nice guy! One other doctor remembered having a patient with a bottle cap stuck in his throat. The problem is, he didn't even notice he had a strange object stuck inside of him. It was simply discovered at a routine check up. Fortunately, no surgery was needed to fish this one out. Doctors managed to get it out using a small medical net. They were curious how this man managed to get a bottle cap stuck in his throat and not even know it. His response was simple. He did remember drinking water some days prior, but he couldn't find the cap. He brushed the whole thing off and went on with his day. Other times, naughty things we do when we were young can come back to haunt us years later. A 30 year old woman surely learned this lesson the hard way. But she ended up in the emergency room with a stuffy nose. No medicine seemed to help, so she knew she had to get it examined by a professional. Once the doctors had a look, they realized she had some inflamed tissue up her nose and something that resembled a foreign object. It also looked like that object had been there for quite some time. They couldn't figure out what it was, so she was immediately taken to the operating room. But the surgeons removed was then taken to be further investigated and it turned out to be some sort of material resembling paper. After they questioned her, the woman did remember having stuffed some paper in her nose when she was little, but was just as surprised as the doctors that the small piece had stayed there up her nose for over 20 years. Some extractions of foreign objects are more complicated than others. A kid ended up at the emergency room after he stuffed his brother's plastic construction toy up his nose. As the doctors were trying to carefully remove it, the kid caught and the toy went down his throat and into his stomach. Both the doctors and the kid's family patiently waited for the boy to pass the toy out to the final destination. That's probably because the kid wanted to give it back to his brother, but it's probably okay for the kid to keep it. That's it for today. So hey, if you passified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your friends. Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side! </s> |
<s>[INST] What the First Man on the Moon Hid for All These Years [/INST] Neil Armstrong had been getting ready for his mission on the moon for over three years. To resist microgravity conditions, he had to learn how to walk sideways by being strapped and suspended at an angle in trying to walk along walls. His limits were tested through an intense diet and sleep regimen. Since in space, he would only have beef and vegetables previously dehydrated and stuffed into a package. Back in the day, astronauts had to experience the desert, jungle, open sea, and dark-dick survival training. These days it's a lot more structured, but back then it was more of a let's drop this person in the middle of nowhere with no supplies and see if they make it. Before landing on the moon, he had to gather and study rock samples in the Grand Canyon, explore ancient volcano formations in the Nevada National Security Site, and look into the gas and lava vents, lava lakes, and pit craters in various locations in Hawaii. On July 20, 1969, Armstrong was given a hearty breakfast before blast off. Steak, eggs, toast, juice, and coffee. He received what doctors call a low-residue meal, which means he wouldn't have to go to the bathroom soon after. It took him 109 hours and 42 minutes to reach the surface of the moon. In an area called the Sea of Tranquility, he had to travel 240,000 miles to get there. The crew could have gone for the Ocean of Storms or the Central Bay, but this place was chosen for landing because it had good visibility, was relatively smooth, and was easily reachable with as little propellant as possible. When he was at about 500 feet above the surface of the moon, Armstrong had to maneuver the spacecraft manually to make sure they wouldn't land in a dangerous crater. He continued to hover for about a minute and a half, moving it sideways until he felt comfortable to land. As soon as his device landed safely, he immediately radioed to Mission Control, located in Houston, Texas. The now famous message, the Eagle has landed. Steadily, he went down the lunar's modules ladder. While a television camera was attached to the craft to record his progress, the camera also transmitted the signal back to Earth, where hundreds of millions of people were anxiously waiting. At precisely 10.56 pm EDT on the same day, Armstrong placed his feet onto the lunar soil, saying, the schedule said that the astronaut needed to sleep before the first moonwalk, but he chose to go outside earlier than planned, since he obviously couldn't sleep. If Armstrong had walked on the moon without special equipment to breathe, he would have smelled a weird odor, sort of musty and sulfuric. Still, he had the chance to smell it when he returned to the lunar module. The thing is, the dirt had clung to his feet so the odor spread all over the cabin. He described it as wet fireplace ashes, or how the air smells after fireworks shows. Who would have thought you needed to pack a scented candle when going to the moon? Apart from the people that have since made it to the moon, no one ever got the chance to know precisely what the crew was smelling. Even during that first mission, when moon soil and rock samples were transported to labs in airtight containers, once they were opened back on Earth, surprisingly, the smell was gone. He also felt the surface of the moon to be fine and powdery, but said he had no difficulty in moving around. One other member of his crew joined him about 20 minutes later. The whole moonwalk took a little over two hours. During this time, Armstrong and his teammates set up various devices on the surface of our satellite. One was meant to precisely measure the exact distance from there to Earth, by timing how long it took for a laser beam to travel from Earth to the lunar surface and back. Another meant to measure moonquakes and potential meteor impacts, which leads us to the discovery that the moon was pretty alive after all. We know today that the largest moonquakes are much weaker than the largest earthquakes, though their movements can last for up to an hour, way longer than on Earth. They managed to gather somewhere around 50 pounds of rock in soil samples. They also snapped many photographs of the terrain, where they also planted a US flag. The astronaut even got the chance to catch up with President Richard Nixon, for less than a minute though. The final thing on the list for Armstrong was to go for a walk to what is now known as East Crater, 65 yards east of the lunar module. It was the greatest distance traveled from the spacecraft on that specific mission, approximately the length of half a football field. As soon as his tasks were done, Armstrong went back into the lunar module and safely closed the hatch to get some sleep. While preparing for a lift off, Armstrong and his crew discovered that because of their chunky spacesuits, they managed to break the ignition switch for the ascent engine. No big deal, they thought. Still they used a part of a pen to push in the circuit breaker to start the launch sequence. At 1.54 pm, the famous eagle began to ascend. Apart from the scientific equipment installed on the surface of the moon, a plaque was also left there. It read, Here, Men from the Planet Earth First Set Foot Upon the Moon, July 1969 AD. We came in peace for all mankind. Armstrong said that NASA limited their time on the moon because they didn't know how the spacesuits would handle the moon's extreme temperatures as high as 260 degrees Fahrenheit during the day to as low as 280 degrees Fahrenheit below zero at night. Things got a bit more complicated when Armstrong landed back on Earth since he had been exposed to unknown space particles. The result? He and his team had to be placed in planetary protection quarantine on their return as soon as their space capsule safely splashed down in the Pacific Ocean on July 24th. That specific quarantine for the Apollo 11 astronauts is one of the reasons why we have microwaves in our kitchens today. When they first returned from the moon, they initially spent their first few days in a mobile quarantine facility or MQF. Sure, the MQF featured comfortable chairs, bunks, a toilet, and showers, but it didn't leave a lot of space for fancy cooking. Since there was no room for a standard oven or grill, and to also reduce the potential fires that might have occurred, NASA had to get created. That's how the original countertop microwave oven was developed, to easily help astronauts get their meals without the hustle of a fully equipped kitchen. These days you can see that first microwave in a museum in Oakland, California. After returning to Earth, Armstrong claimed he would never reach for the stars again, but he didn't stop exploring though. Back in 1985, he joined a professional team of other greatest explorers to the North Pole. He was joined by mountaineer Edmund Hillary, aviator Steve Fossett, and photographer Patrick Moro, reaching the pole on April 6, 1985. Armstrong claimed he wanted to see what the Earth's icy pole looked like from the ground, since he had only seen it from the surface of the moon. The Apollo 11 mission was nevertheless unforgettable for Armstrong since. In 2015, the Smithsonian Institution uncovered that he had kept hidden a cloth bag full of small parts from the lunar module. It included his waist tether, some utility lights, and their brackets, an emergency wrench in the optical sight that was mounted above Armstrong's window of the space module. It also contained the data acquisition camera that recorded the iconic footage of Armstrong, taking his small step on the moon. Armstrong kept it to himself for many years until his widow Carol eventually found it. He even kept it a secret from his official biographer, who at many times asked if he had kept any memorabilia from his famous mission. He didn't sneak those objects back on Earth though, he just mentioned it to be a bunch of trash he wanted to bring back. </s> |
<s>[INST] 9 Jobs That Are Safe in an AI World [/INST] Technology keeps evolving at a staggering pace. Every day we're getting closer to living in a world that resembles the old, yet visionary, animated sitcom, The Jetsons. We still don't have flying cars, but the show got many things right from robot vacuums to 3D printers. The Jetsons also touched on the subject of AI's role in our everyday life. For example, in one episode, one of the main characters loses his job to a robot. With the rise of artificial intelligence, this is a highly likely scenario, right? Yet again, you might be relieved to hear that certain jobs will most likely always be safe from it. So let's take a look at what these professions are. But just a heads up before we begin, you might want to change your occupation by the end. The first profession on our list is social services. Throughout their careers, social service workers handle various complicated situations, such as supporting children or families with domestic conflicts. To handle such sensitive matters, they need to consider a lot of things, like relationships in the family and cultural backgrounds. They also have to come up with customized plans to address individual needs. This requires critical thinking as well as adaptability. While AI can help them gather information and make decisions, its algorithm can never fully understand that the issues at hand aren't fully black and white. In addition, social service workers have to face ethical dilemmas and make moral judgments. However, because AI is programmed on predetermined rules, it cannot replicate the complex decision-making abilities of a person. Lastly, people working with social workers often prefer someone comforting and empathetic in nature. And no chatbot can provide the emotional connections a human being can. So similar to social services, psychology is another field that is not likely to be replaced by AI. Human emotions are complex, personal, and situation-based. Take happiness, for example. One person might be so happy and excited to hop on a plane and travel. While another might feel terrified of the journey ahead. So there's no right or wrong when it comes to what to feel or when to feel it. Yet, despite these subjective factors at hand, psychologists help each and every person that requires their help to gain insight into their thoughts and behaviors. They play a key role in facilitating personal growth and healing amongst people. AI can provide data-driven insight on the issues a client might be facing, but it cannot match the deep understanding of human emotions, thoughts, and actions that psychologists bring to their practice. On top of that, psychologists need to provide a safe and non-judgemental environment for their clients to establish trust. This will allow the clients to share their thoughts, feelings, and experiences more comfortably. However, an AI system won't be able to truly replicate the same level of empathetic, compassionate, and sincere atmosphere. Who would want chatGBT to know their deepest fears? Not me. All the things I've mentioned so far are applicable to healthcare and physical therapy as well. The healthcare industry already uses some AI-powered tools to diagnose and prescribe remedies. However, these technologies are not advanced enough to replace healthcare workers entirely. There are several reasons for that. First of all, healthcare workers require a high level of interpersonal skills to approach patients in the right way. AI will fail to address their concerns and provide the emotional support they might need. Secondly, human bodies are complex. You think? Any diagnosis needs to take a range of factors into consideration, such as medical history or patient behavior. This requires a certain level of intuition and experience on the health worker's part, which is difficult to replicate with AI. They say teaching is a noble profession for a reason. Nowadays, many people turn to the internet to gain information or take online classes to learn new skills. But that doesn't indicate that teachers will be replaced by AI, because teaching is not simply delivering the necessary information to students. Each student might have different learning styles. For example, one might learn best with visual examples, while another might grasp information better by doing hands-on experiments. This requires teachers to be able to understand their students' needs and adjust their teaching methods accordingly. But that's not it. How many times did you fall and hurt your knee while running around the schoolyard? It was your teacher who wiped your tears and helped you, right? And how many times have you thought you didn't have what it takes to jump from the tall hurdle in physical education class? You probably didn't believe in yourself, but your teacher did. So, teachers provide emotional support, encouragement, and inspiration. They also create a safe and supportive learning environment. No AI can provide that, at least so far. Come on now, admit it. You have at least one favorite court drama show. Man, those are popular for a reason. It feels so satisfying to watch fancy lawyers in sharp suits, find loopholes in the system, yell objection, and bring justice. So, although AI has already been used for a few legal tasks, you might be relieved to hear that lawyers are not going to be replaced by it anytime soon. One of the most important reasons they won't lose their court seats to a robot is because legal professions require a high level of critical thinking, as well as creativity. Lawyers analyze complex legal issues and provide their advice based on a range of factors, which include moral considerations and legal precedents. And during court, only lawyers can come up with persuasive and detailed arguments as they can understand and deal with human problems better. AI cannot replace such nuanced thinking and decision-making skills. Artists, musicians, and all kinds of creative jobs require originality, imagination, and the ability to think outside the box. Creative professionals need to possess a deep understanding of human emotions as well as culture. They must also not be afraid to dive deep into their thoughts. That is the only way a musician can create meaningful works that will be streamed by millions, or a filmmaker will shoot a movie that will evoke powerful emotions. On the other hand, AI operates on existing data and patterns. That's why the imaginative aspect of creative work would be difficult for it to replicate. AI systems also lack the ability to experience emotions and appreciate aesthetics and art in the way a human can. So it can't produce something meaningful and relevant. Yet again, it can undoubtedly help creative professionals with certain tasks, such as generating ideas or analyzing data. Well, this one's kind of obvious if you ask me. AI models didn't suddenly appear out of nowhere. They are the result of many naturally intelligent, get it, software engineers work. Or in other words, AI models have parents too. There's no guarantee that any AI program will run seamlessly. One wouldn't be wrong to assume that there might be issues. Software engineers make sure that such bugs are fixed and the software is updated according to the needs. So these parents are needed to run the AI models. Guess no occupation gets any more AI proof than that. You might have heard about the one major issue surrounding AI programs. It is that they are often biased in one way or another and can report incorrect information. But any type of biased comment or action can be disastrous within a company. Human resources employees, on the other hand, need to ensure workplace processes are functioning effectively in order to prevent prejudice and discrimination. But that's not it. HR employees also mediate conflicts and handle workplace complaints. AI models won't be able to handle the complexity of these issues. That's why HR employees will always be needed. Now, last but not least, we have applause please, actors. But specifically, theater actors. Hear me out, the theater experience is an interactive one. Once the red curtains open, there's an immediate connection between the actors and the audience. Theater actors evoke powerful emotions in real time and they adapt to the audience's reactions as well as bring a personal touch to the characters they embody through their gestures, movements, and vocal techniques. Technology will certainly enhance certain aspects of the theater experience. But AI can never spark such a deep level of emotional connection and replicate creative decision making. That's it for today. So hey, if you pacified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your friends. Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side. </s> |
<s>[INST] If You See the Sky Turning Green, Find Shelter Fast [/INST] Something interesting has recently happened in South Dakota. It was all over the internet, so perhaps you already know about it. In July of 2022, the sky in this state suddenly turned green. So what happened there? Was it caused by a human or by nature? Let's find out. Tuesday, July 5th, 2022. Shortly after a heavy storm, the sky over South Dakota in the US was still overcast. Locals finally went outside and saw that the sky had an intense dark green hue, and they'd never seen anything like that before. People said that it looked like something straight up from science fiction, or even a horror movie. Unsurprisingly, South Dakotans immediately started spreading the news all over social media. People shared their beautiful, yet very eerie pictures on Twitter. They showed the sky over the city of Sioux Falls, and a few other towns. Even though it may look like something supernatural, in reality, this is not a terrifying phenomenon at all. It's a simple play of the light and the atmosphere. Something like this happens quite rarely, and usually means that really bad weather is approaching. And that's also true to what happened in South Dakota. Just before people started sharing photos, a thunderstorm swept through the town of Sioux Falls. This was confirmed by the US Weather Service. This hurricane was terrible. The wind speed was about 100 miles per hour. According to the Buford scale on wind speeds, this is the fastest and most destructive storm. There are only 12 numbers on this scale, and the maximum wind strength starts at 73 miles per hour. But why isn't this all over the news then? Well, because it's kind of a usual thing for the residents. Thunderstorms occur very often in the United States, especially in the warmer months. And one out of ten such thunderstorms can become something serious, like a tornado. This one wasn't an exception. It was the so-called Dereco Storm. Dereco is very widespread and long lived. It's actually a combination of a fast-moving group of severe thunderstorms and downpours. People often say that a Dereco is as strong as a tornado. Still, there's a difference between them. A tornado is a vortex, a rotating column of air. It's usually about 500 feet in diameter. Although sometimes its width can reach up to 2.5 miles. I don't envy those who would stumble upon that. But the main point is that they rotate. The wind moves very fast in a circle, near some invisible center. A Dereco is a strong thunderstorm, or a system of strong thunderstorms, with straight-line winds. In other words, it doesn't spin. Instead, the Dereco chooses a point somewhere and simply runs to it. Like a very motivated marathon runner. If we compare a Dereco to an ordinary tornado, the latter has six levels of strength from 40 to 380 miles per hour. So a Dereco is kind of like a small, average level 1 to 2 tornado. Usually its speed is within the range of 73 to 113 miles per hour. And in both cases, they can be accompanied by severe thunderstorms, lightning and rain. But still, these are different things. A storm becomes a Dereco if the damaged trail left by it exceeds 240 miles. And if the wind speed is at least 58 miles per hour. It's quite difficult to predict. It can form even on a clear day when meteorologists don't even anticipate any storms. And then, the winds appear suddenly. It's so surprising that they may even feel explosive. But the National Weather Service tries to warn people at least half an hour or an hour before this happens, so that residents have time to prepare and hide. Wasn't any different this time. The storms swept through almost all of South Dakota, as well as the states of Minnesota and Iowa. The consequences were quite serious. More than 30,000 people left without electricity. Fortunately, people were fine. That's because the locals are pretty used to Derecos. However, the green sky is something different. It became a very unusual sight for the locals. Everyone was wondering why it happened. Was it a bad sign or a normal weather phenomenon? Well, to be honest, scientists don't have an exact explanation. But although there are only assumptions, they sound pretty convincing. A green sky is a very rare phenomenon. Most scientists think that this happens when a powerful storm approaches the area before sunset or sunrise. Then the sky will turn green in this area. NBC meteorologist Bill Karens, who once faced a similar event himself, suggests that the green sky appeared because of the huge hail before the storm. First, let's talk about why the sky looks blue, or any other shade, depending on its mood. In short, the sun simultaneously carries all the rays of the color spectrum. It may seem white to us in total, but it actually has all the colors at the same time. However, these color waves all have different lengths. For example, blue rays are shorter than the other ones. They jump away from the air molecules better than the red waves, so they reach us faster. Because of this, on a regular clear day, the sky seems blue. At the same time, red and orange color waves are very long and move slower, so they're usually left behind. But when the sun goes below the horizon or rises, the rays' directions change, and these waves reach us better. It all means that even if the sunrises and sunsets seem red and orange to us, in fact, there are still blue and green waves among them. But they have to bounce off something to reach us faster and become stronger than the red rays. Have you guessed what I'm getting at? This is where the water comes into play. Clouds are made up of water droplets. When they become large enough, but don't fall yet. For example, due to strong winds, they affect how the light behaves in the sky. Large, heavy storms mostly consist of water and hail, and water reflects blue and green rays best of all. That's exactly the reason why the water in rivers and lakes seems bluish-green to us, although in reality, it's transparent. And, yeah, algae matter too. So, there are a couple of key factors why the sky may turn green. First off, the sun should be at the horizon level. Another factor is that while the storm clouds are approaching, they shouldn't cover the sky completely. There still must be a little room for the sun rays. Then, barely noticeable blue rays jump up to storm clouds. They're repelled by water droplets and hail. Mixing with the red sunset, they turn into a bright green light, and this green light is spreading all over the sky. That's why in most of these cases, when the sky turns green, people can only see it in the evenings. Yeah, it can also happen in the middle of the day, but since the conditions are already quite specific, seeing something like that during the day is even rarer. Still, if you see a green sky, you don't need to panic. It doesn't necessarily mean that a terrible storm is approaching. The chances are high though, but still, it's not a rule. It can be just heavy rain or a heavy hail. In other words, if you see a green sky, then you'd better hide and hide your car. However, if you were lucky enough to see the sunny sky from the comfort of your own home, it's indeed very exciting. If you get a glimpse of something like that, just know that you had a chance to experience something very rare and special. Some people said it was the most incredible thing they had ever seen. </s> |
<s>[INST] Teleportation Is Here, But It's Not What You Think [/INST] The future is here! Nah, I'm not talking about space suit onesies or living underground. I mean some cool stuff like teleporting, space travel, understanding your dogs, and so on. Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg emphasized that augmented reality could teleport people to any location they wanted, whether it was for work or just having a relaxing day at the beach. With the metaverse in play, entering a virtual room is already happening. The metaverse is a virtual space where people can interact and socialize with each other through technology. It'll make you feel like you're physically present in the same place as other people, rather than just typing in a chat box. Imagine gaming or working remotely but having a clear view of your office at the same time. You can achieve anything you need to do at work and also save time and money you'd spend on commuting. The only downside of working remotely is the lack of socialization. But being in the metaverse will let you feel like you're not alone. The screens will be interactive and communicating with your coworkers, friends, and family will look cooler. Even though we're not there yet with physical teleportation, virtually we can pin ourselves anywhere we want. Nanobots are called this way because they're really, really tiny. These robots are designed to perform specific tasks inside the human body for medical reasons. Once inside, they start acting on their own without the need to be controlled. Oh, and they can multiply like ourselves. Now, we've often heard the word nanobots tossed around in sci-fi movies, but it's not that far-fetched. They're designed to perform super specific tasks, especially in the world of medicine. Think of them as little mini doctors inside your body that are accurate enough to diagnose the problem and prescribe treatment. Everyone will be healthier than before with these little bad boys. Now every year, the population of Earth increases, the cause of which has been linked to babies. This means a higher demand for food. There's only so much space in urban areas, so farms will soon have to be located in the most unconventional places, like skyscrapers or in the air. And in the air mean structures that can support vegetation on platforms. A prominent architect, Javier Pons, designed a building with three levels powered by solar panels on the top. The middle layer will grow various vegetables and fruits that will get nutrients from liquid instead of soil. The remains of the plants will drop to the bottom layer to feed fish, which can also be grown for food. Each structure will be large enough to support an entire city if needed. Skyscrapers can also host some mini farms on rooftops to support neighborhoods. A lot of greenery in cities will reduce pollution and essentially lower temperatures in hot places. Now, what about our cutely little pooches? Aww, we all love coming home to our dogs, sprinting up to us and jumping around. They're either saying, feed me, I'm starving, or please don't ever leave me again. But what if we could figure out exactly what they're saying? Well, we've developed technology to understand our dogs clearer with the help of a mood collar. You put the device on your dog and a digital screen indicates your dog's mood by colors. We already know that dogs speak to us or other dogs using their body language. A wagging tail is a sign of excitement or happiness. Snarling and exposed teeth mean aggression and back off. And of course, there's barking. Some barking noises can be warnings, others might be friendly greetings. Artificial intelligence will help us understand what our dogs are telling us by recording them on our phones. It's important that the app sees the dog's body language too, including the pooches' ears, tail, eyes, mouth, and so on. The app will then send this information to the cloud. The AI technology will decode this data by studying thousands of hours of animal footage and picking up the right expressions and sounds. This will allow vets to better understand their dog patience and prevent any harm that can follow. It will also help train dogs not to be too friendly to delivery people or pedestrians walking by in the park. The future of commuting lies in the air. No longer will we have to wait at a red light counting the seconds till it turns green so we can make it on time to work. What if we use flying taxis as a means of human transportation? Hey, now we're talking. Electric air taxis are becoming a thing for transporting people. Amazon is experimenting with air deliveries and they're proving to be a success. Flying machines have sensors that can notice hazards like birds, wires, and large objects. It's up to countries to adopt this new form of transportation. Even though air deliveries are available, authorities still need to figure out how to organize them, create rules, and set up safety measures. As for air taxis operated by people, we have to consider who is eligible to drive them or what kind of models can be produced. But we might see the sky filled with air taxis already in our lifetime. The future of fast food is about to change pretty soon. There are already digital cashiers where you can order food using a touchscreen and pay there without interacting with a human. Still want fries with that? Japan has pizza vending machines where you can buy freshly baked pizzas. Robots are creating robots that can prepare a burger and fries menu. They're quick and accurate. They won't add too much cheese or forget the onions. All these robots need someone to maintain them. Now imagine going to a fast food joint and not seeing a single human in front of you. You place your order with a digital cashier after customizing it. You pay and watch the robots at work. You'll likely see mechanical arms lifting the deep fryer and preparing a burger in front of you. Don't expect to see a humanoid chef preparing your meal. Robots are designed to perform specific tasks. That's why mechanical arms are more than enough. And if the future is flying delivery robots, there won't be any hassle of someone getting stuck in traffic while bringing your meal. Booking a ticket across the world is easy. But what if you could go to space for fun? Many major space travel companies like SpaceX and Virgin Galactic are looking for ways to turn space into a new tourist hub. It may go as far as the International Space Station or just to the border between the atmosphere and what is considered space. There's also the idea of a space elevator that could send people to the International Space Station. It'd be a tall structure based on Earth and reaching space with an elevator moving passengers up and down. This would make space travel very accessible for anyone and cheaper than launching a rocket into space. There might be a future where the internet will be available everywhere around the world no matter where you are. It's crazy, but only half of the world's population is online. Companies like Google see the internet as a human right and are trying to use helium balloons to beam it to remote places. Other companies are trying a different approach, like sending micro-satellites into space. Each the size of a cat, meow. This will be a game changer for everyone to have access to the internet, which essentially means free knowledge for all. Imagine good old bricks being able to store energy to power your house. This project is still in its very early stages, but scientists in America are developing something called smart bricks that could be the future of construction. Each wall can store so much energy that it'll last for many hours. A special coating known as P-DOT will harness electrodes, ultimately converting the bricks into powerful batteries. The red pigment in the bricks is made of iron oxide, which also helps them store energy. This will make a smart home even smarter. </s> |
<s>[INST] Divers Made an Incredible Discovery Near Titanic [/INST] It's been 110 years since Titanic sank. The world's most famous shipwreck is shrouded in mystery, so much so that it continues to fascinate divers, scientists, and Titanic fans all around the world. But I suspect these people have a reason for this. Ever since Titanic sank, expeditions have scoured the deep waters of the North Atlantic Ocean to locate the wreck. The wreck was discovered pretty recently, only 37 years ago. But since that, several expeditions continued to go down there to explore and assess the wreck. In 1998, a diver known as Paul Henry Nargiolet located a strange blip near Titanic's shipwreck. Using a sonar, he was receiving clear signals that something massive was sharing the floors of the Atlantic Ocean near where the wreck was located. For 26 years, no one could identify the origins of the blip. Sonar images showed it was something of significant size, and scientists believed it could even be another shipwreck. The mysterious blip remained unidentified until recently, when a team of divers managed to locate the area where the blip originated from. To their surprise, it wasn't another sunken ship, but rather a huge coral reef teaming with life. The mystery was solved by an excursion led by Ocean Gate Expeditions, a company specialized in deep sea diving. They were taken aback by the possibility of life developing over 9,500 feet below the surface. The reef is dense and lively. One will find a vast array of sponges, bamboo corals, other cold water corals, squat lobsters, and even fishes. The coral reef is temporarily being called the Nardule Fanning Ridge, as an honor to the team of divers that located it. If you're thinking all this seems pretty normal, think again. The place where the Titanic shipwreck is located is dark. Barely any sunlight arrives there. The main source of light is bioluminescent fish, for instance. According to the Ocean Gate Expeditions divers team, this discovery near the Titanic wreck will bring about a profound change in the studies of deep sea marine life. And this analysis won't stop here. Ocean Gate Expeditions is continuing its explorations of the Titanic's debris field in 2023. They're recruiting divers that are interested to enroll in their program and take part in these exciting discoveries. I mean, who wouldn't want to spend their afternoon exploring the wonders of Titanic, right? The Titanic remains are subject to many recent studies. All of these years of collecting data have resulted in some pretty interesting projects. For the first time ever, the evolutions of Titanic's wreck can be seen in 3D animation. The simulations show how Titanic was when it first sank into the Atlantic Ocean in 1912, up until the state of the ship's ruins today. Now unless you've been living under a rock, or coral, you've certainly heard of that tragic April 14th night. In the RMS Titanic, the world's largest ocean liner, also known as the Unsinkable Ship, began her very first voyage from Europe to North America. As the story goes, the ship hit an iceberg and sank in just a few hours, taking down with it more than 1500 souls that were onboard the vessel. Now many folks couldn't wrap their heads around the explanation given for the wreck. After all, was it possible that an Unsinkable Ship would break so easily? Perhaps that is one of the reasons why this tragedy has captivated people for so many years. It wasn't until 1985 that Titanic's location was discovered for the first time. The ship was found by oceanographer Robert Ballardstein and its discovery completely shook the world. Recent people around the globe were fascinated to see what had become of the world's most famous shipwreck. Unfortunately, due to technological limitations, Ballard's expedition was extremely limited. They couldn't see the entire ship, only the hull and the deck of the Titanic. But they could define one especially important fact. Whatever had been the cause of the wreck, the ship had indeed been torn in half before sinking. Ballard really wanted to understand how to preserve the ruins of the ship from deteriorating and to recover the massive number of personal items scattered along the seabed. Imagine being one of the first people to see the Titanic, years after it disappeared into the bottom of the ocean. Ballard says it was as shocking as it was emotional. In the field of debris around the wreck, the oceanographer discovered a multitude of small objects and personal belongings. These might have been the first expeditions down to the Titanic, but they sure weren't the last. James Cameron is another aficionado of the Titanic story. Many may not know, but this is the same James Cameron that directed the motion picture Titanic. Until today, he has dived over 33 times to visit the ruins of the ship and counting. Cameron became highly involved in the team of experts and scientists that analyze and assess the ship's ruins. In the trivia here, the movie director says he only accepted to direct the movie Titanic so that he could get to visit the wreck as many times as he wanted. He might have dived down there more than anyone, but Cameron has been a key player in the evolution of studies and preservation of the ship's wreck. Actually, it was filmmakers that allowed for the evolution of deep sea filming. We've said this before, the place where the wreck is located is dark and visibility underwater is different than on the surface. Expeditions needed huge amounts of light to see just a few feet ahead of them. Imagine trying to capture, in detail, an entire wreck. In his exploration of the ship's ruins, Cameron piled an innovative robot vehicle equipped with high-definition cameras and revealed spaces in the Titanic that no one had ever seen before. Oh, and to make documenting the Titanic even more difficult. When the wreck of the ship was rediscovered by scientists, it was already covered with red-colored rust that made it even harder to capture good images of the ship. The color red doesn't reflect well underwater, which was quite unfortunate for the eager team of filmmakers trying to capture Titanic. From a distance, it all looked like reddish-brown wax dripping all over the ship's ruins. But far from wax, these icicle-shaped structures were identified to be large colonies of microorganisms. Unfortunately for the wreck, these colonies were identified to be iron-eating bacteria. As it turns out, the Titanic is home to a larger biodiversity now than it was when it was afloat. Who would have thought that when a ship sinks, it brings down with it an enormous number of bacteria. If you stop to think of it, it makes sense. The surface of the planet has a different type of biodiversity than the bottom of the ocean. Bacteria of ships are known to transport various species of marine life from one side of the globe to the other. What maybe we didn't suspect is that this could happen in a vertical logic too, meaning when a ship sinks, it takes with it a lot more than just its own structure. The type of bacteria that the Titanic brought to the bottom of the ocean didn't previously exist there. And even if, that meant the bacteria wouldn't thrive in such harsh conditions at the bottom of the ocean. That's why it's important to work the other way around. The red, rusty-looking microorganisms that are taking over Titanic are seriously threatening the state of the wreck. These red colonies can eat up to 440 to 660 pounds of iron per day, which makes the Titanic a colossal food court at the bottom of the sea. Since scientists made this discovery, there has been wide speculation regarding the life expectancy of the ship's wreck. Some estimated that the wreck would only survive another 50 years due to the growth rate of these bacteria. But fear not, according to Cameron's research team, the wreck isn't going anywhere. At least not anytime soon. </s> |
<s>[INST] 5 Ways to Time Travel (Even If It's Just to the Future) [/INST] Okay, so you've seen the movies and read the books on time travel. Most of them tell stories about entering some futuristic boxes, and in the blink of an eye, you're in some different epic. For now, this is just sci-fi. But there are ways to make time travel possible, at least theoretically. We just don't have the technology figured out yet. For starters, time travel to the future could be achieved by traveling at high speeds, but not just getting a ticket on the superhighway kind of speed. This is based on Einstein's theory of special relativity. It explains that time slows down for objects that move at really high speeds. And the good news is scientists have already tested this theory, and it looks promising. They did it with the help of two identical clocks. One was placed on a jet, and one stayed on the ground. They found that the clock on the jet ticked slower than the one on the ground because of how fast the jet was moving. The faster an object is moving, the more time will slow down for it. Currently, the fastest speeds achieved by human technology are seen in a special type of particles called neutrinos. Some of these can move at almost the speed of light. At these speeds, one second for the protons is equal to 11 months for us. Now, we might be able to time travel to the future with the use of gravity, too. This idea is based on Einstein's findings, namely his theory of general relativity. This theory explains that the stronger gravity is, the more slowly time moves. This means that as you get closer to the center of the earth, the strength of gravity increases. And if you think about it like that, time actually passes more slowly for your feet than for your head. Now, is that why I'm always late for stuff? Good excuse. This effect has been measured, too, with the help of the same strategy with two identical clocks. Scientists placed them on shelves at different heights and measured the rate of ticking. The clock on the lower shelf ticked more slowly because it experienced a slightly stronger gravity. But, this option comes with a catch. To be able to travel to the far future, you'll need to find a place with extremely strong gravity, like a black hole. That's a point in space where the gravity has so much force that even light cannot escape it. There, gravity becomes so intense that matter gets squeezed into a tiny space. The closer you get to the black hole, the more slowly time moves. However, traveling via a black hole is very dangerous, mostly because it's a one-way ticket. Once you cross its edges, there's no coming back. Now, here's a fun fact. The GPS systems we use on our phones and in our cars already have to account for time dilation effects in order to work properly. That's because of the speed of the satellites they use and the gravity they feel here on Earth. Without these corrections, your phone's GPS wouldn't be able to pinpoint your location on Earth very precisely. Meanwhile, the third option has less to do with the universe's unknown forces and more to do with our own bodies. Specialists are trying to find ways to time travel to the future by slowing down the body's own processes. It's not time travel per se. You wouldn't technically be going anywhere. But if your body stays put for a long period of time, you could eventually wake up in the future. Some animals, like bears and squirrels, can slow down their metabolism during hibernation, which means they don't need as much food and oxygen to survive. Scientists are trying to figure out if humans can do the same thing. They're working on ways to make people go into a short-term hibernation for a few hours to begin with. This could be helpful for medical emergencies too, in order to help a person before they can safely get to the hospital. In 2005, scientists were able to slow down the metabolism of mice by exposing them to a small amount of special gas. However, when they tried to do the same thing with larger animals, it did not work as effectively. Our fourth option of traveling through time is really unique. It involves a special type of shortcuts that may exist in our universe called wormholes. Now, before we move on, let's try to understand what they are. You'll need a picture, two balls, and a trampoline. If there's no pressure applied on the trampoline, it stays flat. Now imagine the two balls placed on the trampoline symmetrically. If you look at them from this perspective, there's no possibility of them ever touching. But if you put enough pressure on the trampoline between the two balls, this flexible fabric can stretch so much that the two objects might potentially touch each other. The same thing happens with stars in different star systems. They're big enough to curve space around them. That's why most planets tend to orbit around a star. The tunnel between those two points would be a wormhole. These wormholes could be used to travel long distances like a billion light years or even visit different times. Now, many scientists, like Stephen Hawking, think that wormholes might appear and disappear, but be very small, smaller than atoms. The problem is that we don't know how to catch one and make it bigger so that people can use it. This would take a lot of energy, and we don't know if it's even possible. Some astronomers say that even if we could find a wormhole and enter it, it would rapidly collapse on itself. Even the tiniest bit of extra mass, like that of our bodies, for example, can result in the wormhole slamming shut like a rubber band that's been stretched too much. Now, the fifth solution for time traveling was proposed by an American physicist named Ron Mallett. It involves one resource that we know for sure is abundant in the universe, light. The scientists proposed a theory about time travel that would use a rotating cylinder of light. The scientist believes that if something was dropped inside this swirling cylinder, it could be moved in both space and time, similar to how a bubble moves when you swirl it with a spoon in your coffee. According to Mallett, the right shape of the cylinder could allow for traveling to both the past and the future. The physicist has been trying to raise money for an experiment to test his theory. This experiment involves dropping tiny particles, called neutrons, through a circular arrangement of spinning lasers. However, other scientists say Mallett's theory is impossible and there's no need to test it further. Well, even if we eventually figured out a way to travel back in the past or to the future, would it be safe? Scientists have been talking about a problem called the paradox of time travel for a long time. The main question is what would happen if you went back in time and did something that changed the future? However, a new study from researchers from the University of Queensland says that this problem might not be real after all. The scientists have done some calculations and found out that even if you had changed something in the past, the timeline would still end up the same way. Another variation of this problem is called the grandfather paradox. Imagine going back in time and preventing your own grandfather from having offspring. Come to think of it, it automatically means you shouldn't exist in the first place. If your grandparents didn't have your parents, how can you exist at all? Well, these days, scientists are certain that even if you did experience something like that, you'd still exist in the present. That's because the timeline that already exists has a way of adjusting itself, regardless of where people are in time and what they do. Or somehow get 1.21 gigawatts in a DeLorean and make like Marty McFly. That's it for today. So hey, if you passified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your friends. Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side! </s> |
<s>[INST] Your iPhone Has a Secret Button + 4 Tips to Use iPhone Like a Pro [/INST] You got used to browsing the web, playing games, and connecting with your friends on social media, all at the convenience of the iPhone in your pocket. But what if I were to tell you that there were many more hidden uses inside it? Back Tab Have you ever noticed that fancy Apple logo on the back of your iPhone? If you've got a cover on, go ahead and pull it off so you can check it out. OK, you're now probably thinking, there's nothing secret about this, the obvious brand logo on my iPhone. Sure it might not seem so special, but did you know that it's more than just a handsome decoration? It's also, as a matter of fact, a button. Don't believe me? Give it a try. But before you go tapping at it like you're using your phone backward, you'll need to adjust your settings. There's a reason this handy feature is considered a secret. First, pull up your settings. Tap on Accessibility, and then the Touch Menu, and navigate your way to the very bottom of the list, where you'll find the Back Tap button. Found it? Great! You can choose the Double Tap or Triple Tap option, whichever you prefer, and best of all, you'll have a multitude of options to choose from. You can have your Back Tap feature take a photo with your camera app, alert Siri, switch apps, and even take a screenshot. It'll make things a lot easier than performing finger gymnastics when you need to take a screenshot. Adjust Siri's pronunciations. Have you ever asked Siri to call a friend? Maybe you've said Siri, call Hermione, only for Siri to comply with, calling Hermione. Okay, you may not have Harry Potter's best friend in your Contacts list, but we can all agree it's not the easiest name to pronounce. Siri might be one of the most intelligent digital assistants in the smartphone game, and sometimes a bit of a smarty pants. But iPhone's companion can often struggle to pronounce even the most common names. If this bothers you, then you'd be delighted to hear you can actually correct Siri's pronunciations. The simplest way is to catch Siri in the act and say, that's not how you pronounce. It will prompt Siri to ask for the correct pronunciation for each name, first, middle, and last, or the name of a place if it's not for a person. Once you've given it, Siri will generate some options, and all you have to do is pick the correct one. If your digital best friend is still struggling, it might help to spell it out. Open your contacts. Select the person Siri is struggling to pronounce and choose Edit. You can add the correct pronunciation in the notes section using phonetic spelling and click pronunciation spelling to train Siri to get it right. Even a super smart digital assistant needs some help sometimes. Hey Siri, it's Leviosa, not Leviosar. Measure App. Is a toolkit too clunky to carry around? Or maybe you've forgotten which drawer you place the measuring tape in. That's okay. iPhone has got some more secrets that will help you out. Did you know that iPhone has a few tools in its arsenal that will serve your carpentry needs? Take the Measure App, for instance. You no longer need that long, awkward to use floppy tape to get a measurement on your coffee table, bookshelf, or couch. The app uses augmented reality to measure objects around you using your phone's camera. The first thing you'll need to do is move your phone around so the app can analyze the area you intend to measure. You'll eventually find a white circle with a dot in the middle of your screen. From there, it's not so different from an actual measuring tape. Just line up the dot with the corner of the object you want to measure and trace it to where you want the measurement to end. If you're a builder, you might want to stick to the physical tape for more accurate measurement. This option isn't necessarily for the professionals. But the app is excellent for getting a rough estimate. The Measure App can also be used as a level. Simply switch over to the Level tab in your app and place your phone on the surface where you want to get a reading. When you get a green screen and a zero reading, your surface is nice and level. It's not so different from the Compass app's level feature, so you might have had some bad experiences with this feature before. With your new digital toolbox, your iPhone will make you the handiest person in the house. Create Custom Vibration We all live pretty fast paced and busy lives these days, and whether we're at work, in a movie, or at school, more often than not, we have our iPhone set to vibrate. Sure, there are some cool ringtones to choose from, but there aren't many occasions where a sudden tune coming from our pocket wouldn't distract those around us. Or worse yet, it leads to our phone being confiscated by a disgruntled employer or teacher. Luckily, there are plenty of vibration options to choose from. You probably have various ones for different occasions and different contacts. None of those settings quite your jam? Apple has a solution to this too. Another hidden feature in the iPhone is creating a custom vibration for your alerts. If you want to feel the beat to your favorite song when your best friend calls or texts, or when it's time to wake up in the morning, you create that pattern on your iPhone. Once again, you'll need to go into those handy settings, then in sound and haptics, choose the tone you'd like to customize. Tap Vibration Then create new vibration. The next step is to create those sweet vibrations like a soundless DJ by tapping your finger on the screen until you have the silent rhythm you're happy with. Now you've got a vibrate option to your liking. It might even make the early morning wake-up calls just a little more pleasant. Just like the Beach Boys, you'll be picking up good vibrations. Trackpad With smartphones, we no longer need two hands to use a keyboard. All you need is one good thumb. Yet, it can still prove a little tedious sometimes as typos are easy to make, and all your characters can't fit all at once on that crammed keyboard at the bottom of your phone screen. You might be typing out a long body of text, only to realize you left out the R out of the word drive a few sentences back, which might give your friends the wrong idea about what you're doing. It can be a fiddly task to fix it, and it's often easiest to delete the entire word and write it all over again. Or so it may seem. If you're a stickler for good grammar in your text messages, you might want to shift your keyboard into trackpad mode for easier editing. That's right, another hidden gem on your iPhone. It's easy to access too. All you have to do is hold your finger on the spacebar. All the other keys will gray out, and you'll be able to move the cursor to wherever it needs to go. Then lift your finger off the spacebar to continue typing. Another tedium to writing on that tiny iPhone keyboard is shifting tabs to use numbers and symbols. It may not seem like much, but it's sure to be a little frustrating when you have to jump back and forth multiple times in the same message. However, there is another hidden feature in your iPhone's keyboard that will alleviate this. Hold it down instead of tapping on the numeric 1-2-3 tab, and it will bring up the numbers and symbols tab. As long as you're holding it, the tab will remain open to pick your character, and releasing will return you to letters. Soon, you'll be fast enough to write a novel on your smartphone. Did you ever tie a string between two plastic cups so you could talk to your friend from opposite ends of your home? It may have seemed pretty cool at the time, but that plastic cup couldn't tell you the weather or let you send an email, right? Indeed, we've come a long way since the string telephone. In fact, can you even imagine life before smartphones? They have become almost like our clothes or the shoes we walk in. It's almost our consistent accessory. Now you know some of these handy secrets, and you'll be an iPhone pro. However, if these secrets aren't for you, there's always the string telephone. At least it won't run out of charge. </s> |
<s>[INST] Can a Robot Ever Become Your Friend_ [/INST] So, if you were to write a sci-fi novel, would you depict robots as enemies of humanity or friends? Or is it even possible to be friend robots? Well, ask Will Robinson. Meanwhile, I'm here to answer all your questions surrounding what our relationship with them will look like in the future. Let's take it all the way back from the importance that having friends plays in our lives and why as human beings we definitely need friendship. As of today, it's been proven again and again that romantic relationships improve our health and even help us live longer. And despite the fact that historically they have been treated as less valuable than romantic and family relationships, now we know the same goes for friendships. Part of this is actually due to the overlaps between mental and physical health. That is, if you're being socially active, it's most likely you're being physically active as well. But it also has a lot to do with the brain. For instance, several studies that have used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study patterns of brain activity show that interaction with friends leads to heightened activity in the striata, which is a region involved in reward. And in one study, researchers found that when participants were given the opportunity to share money with a friend or a disliked, neutral or unfamiliar person, reward regions were most active when they chose their friend. So it's no wonder individuals with a strong sense of connection to their friends tend to have longer and healthier lives. It's as if they're always being rewarded. But to be more specific about what health benefits valuable friendships provide, well first of all, they put you at a lower risk for hypertension. In addition, they help you sleep better as well as heal faster. And the more friends you have, the better. Being a wider variety of social relationships may even enhance your ability to ward off a cold. However, when you have to spend time alone and not by choice, your white blood cells change their behavior, which leads to more inflammation and a weakened immune response. On top of all this, friends not only help your physical health, but your mental health as well. According to one research, there's a link between the time you spend with friends and whether the brain later processes rejection as threatening. Those who expect more time with friends show less sensitivity to social exclusion. Now, where do robots enter the picture? Well, in the future, we may not be restricted to only being friends with living and breathing human beings or pets even. To be able to explore the idea of human robot friendship, we must understand the very basics of robotics. Most of you may be familiar with the concept of robots, but it's actually important to define them as a separate entity from other types of machines. You see, unlike other machines, robots interact with the world. Based on their actions, they're able to adapt and make changes to their surroundings as well as respond to the world around them. They can independently sense, reason, plan, and take action. As well as performing tasks autonomously, they can also extend human capabilities and mimic human actions. The field of robotics traditionally centers on creating robots to perform simple or repetitive tasks, as well as tasks with hazardous conditions for humans. Yet, thanks to the development in machine learning and artificial intelligence, there is a measurable increase in human-to-robot interactions. There is a measurable increase in human-to-robot interactions. Here are some reports which suggest that the number of robots around the world could reach 20 million by 2030. And that can only mean we'll be exposed to more and more robots in our everyday lives. Therefore, all of us will have to interact with them one way or another. Yet again, does all of this really mean we'll be able to bond true friendships with them? And if so, will our robot friends improve our physical and mental health in every way like our human friends do? Or are robots even capable of being friends? As of today, there are quite a few robots that can perform intelligent tasks, such as adjusting how they respond to individuals and organizing themselves without direct human input. Some examples of that include prosthetic arms that can learn from the person who is wearing them and adapt to their needs along the way. Then there are physical therapy robots that coach patients to learn a task by assessing their individual needs and offering them just the right amount of help. There are also what researchers call swarm robots, also known as a large group of robot. After getting a single command, they are able to collaborate with each other and organize on their own to fulfill the task at hand. This makes them perfect for dangerous tasks such as exploring a collapsed building. Instead of a human having to give commands to each individual robot, you send in the team and they coordinate the whole mission themselves. Talk about autonomy and cognition. So since robots are able to do all of that, it's obvious they can make good friends, right? Well, friendship is not all about benefiting from each other. Take Aristotle, for example. He says that true friendship is premised on mutual goodwill, admiration, and shared values. Accordingly, friendship is about a partnership of equals. So can we achieve that with robots? Because so far, the relationship we have with robots is what Aristotle would call an inferior one. Yet again, even in this state of benefiting from robots, we relate to a robot just like we relate to pets, possessions, and people. Many folks these days always thank chatGBT for helping them out with stuff. Some people who work on robot ethics believe that what they do, that is, bonding with a robot, is just a waste of emotional energy. That is because these entities can only simulate emotions, and this will always be less rewarding than forming human-to-human bonds. Well, I've already named my robot vacuum cleaner, sorry, not sorry, and I know I'm not the only one. According to an engineer who worked at a vacuum cleaner robot company, when customers were offered brand new robots to replace their broken ones, they would decline the offer, saying, no, I want my robot. They didn't want to replace the robot because they'd grown attached to it. The thing is, according to the psychological evidence we have so far, what I and many other people do couldn't be any more normal, because according to it, as human beings, it is in our nature to extend emotional connections to things that are very different from us. That is, even when we know they are manufactured and pre-programmed. But the question is, do those connections constitute a friendship comparable to those shared by humans? If we try to answer this question based on Aristotle's idea on friendship, the answer would be no. Then again, the ones that can be considered equal are all destined to evolve over time. So instead, let's look at it this way. Robots can be good companions which can address our urge to feel a social connection. They can provide physical comfort, emotional support, and enjoyable social exchanges. They won't reject or judge you. One might argue that they also won't understand or empathize with you. But the thing is, they don't really need to. Most people talk to their pets, even though these animals don't understand the words. But they still help you feel less lonely at the end of the day, and robots can do exactly that. There are potential risks with human-to-robot friendship, so ever. If robots can become our friends, they can very well become our enemies too. But not in the way that sci-fi movies do that. Robot friends can turn into a problem if people start neglecting their relationships with other people to spend more time with the machine. And that is exactly already happening with video games and social media. Yet again, we can all agree that robots aren't the ones to blame for it. That's it for today. If you passified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your friends. Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side! </s> |
<s>[INST] They Are Building a Sea City in the Desert, But Why_ [/INST] The Museum of Bad Art, or MOBA in short, used to be located in an old basement in Dettem, Massachusetts. And currently, you can find it in Somerville, Massachusetts. It only accepts art pieces that are so bad, you just can't ignore them. Their collection includes portraits, get it? That's the name they use for portraits. And some really outrageous landscapes. There's also the MOBA Zoo, featuring really unfortunate depictions of our furry friends. Like any self-respecting museum, they also have a gift shop, where you can purchase some prints, postcards, or even a coffee mug with your favorite bad art. Speaking of really unique experiences, how would you like to spend time in jail without actually having to break the law? In Scotland, there's a place called Inverare jail. It's an actual former prison that dates back to the 1800s, where tourists can experience 19th century jail life. There are characters dressed in authentic costumes that make it even more realistic. You can participate in courtroom trials and work with other inmates. In Suwon, South Korea, visitors can check out a theme park built around the history and culture of toilets. It was opened in memory of the former city mayor. He dedicated a lot of time and local resources to improving the city's public toilets and sewer system. It goes without saying that this place has a lot of toilet-themed art documenting the world's restroom culture. You'll find everything here, from men's and women's bathroom signs from around the globe, to photographs of public toilets. And information about the importance of sanitary facilities. A designer store in the middle of the desert, if you happen to pass by Texas, you'll find a Prada store on an empty stretch of US 90 outside of the small town of Valentine, about 150 miles from El Paso. Two Berlin artists wanted to offer Texans the high-end experience. Sort of. That's because the curious store has no door to access it and its 20 left-foot shoes and six purses set on display. Surprisingly, the store was built with the blessing of Miyuchiya Prada herself, the head designer of the brand. Can you imagine living in a city where you have your own beach access to a lagoon that leads directly into the sea? That might be possible in the near future, if you don't mind relocating to Sabah al-Amad Sea City in Kiran Kuwait. This engineering masterpiece was inaugurated in 2016. Its canals form 120 miles of artificial shoreline. All those human-made islands were built by excavating large channels in the desert, rather than using reclaimed land, as was done previously in similar conditions. Before visiting this museum, you have to take off the shoes you've been wearing and put on special slippers that won't damage the artwork. Because it's everywhere. It's called the Electric Ladyland and it's the world's first museum of fluorescent art. The owner, Nick Paladino, exhibits here a lot of his own sculptures and even naturally luminescent rocks, along with other human-made glowing objects. One portion of this art gallery features paintings that shift color under UV light. The soundtrack is awesome too. You'll hear a lot of the Beatles and Jimi Hendrix. Upside-down houses seem to be quite a tourist attraction. You can find them in many countries, such as Japan, Poland, Germany and Austria. One of the best ones to visit is located in Malaysia. It's called Rumaturbolik Upside-Down House. It uses recycled wood and other natural materials to recreate a local atmosphere. It was opened back in 2012 and soon became a popular tourist attraction with its upside-down furniture and wacky household appliances. There's even an upside-down car parked in the garage. A spa-themed park located in Hakone, Japan provides tourists with an interesting array of hot springs. Some of them are quite unusual, especially the unique noodle bar where visitors can literally swim in a bowl of ramen. It's not for tasting though, since it's still a public space. The deadmarsh in Namibia offers a cool experience which makes you think you're frozen in time. Since there's no water here and temperatures are really high, this sparse forest is made out of skeleton trees that haven't been alive for more than 600 years. Since there's little to no humidity, the remaining vegetation cannot fall apart. Leaving behind this odd natural landscape, it even became the set for some sci-fi movies. But the paper house located north of Boston, Massachusetts is actually a house made completely out of paper, furniture and all. It was built by Ellis F. Stendman, the man behind the machine that makes paper clips. Back in the 1920s, he basically wanted a two-room summer home for him and his family. It took him over 20 years to complete since the house was made of about 100,000 newspapers. Just make sure you don't bring any lighters. Cappadocia Cave Hotel in Turkey is a great place to stay for both history buffs and people who are into modern and luxurious decor. All of the rooms and suites are located inside the local cave dwellings, dating back to the Roman and Byzantine periods. Cappadocia is also famous for its hot air balloon tours. One of the reasons is because it's not very windy here and the view of the city is really beautiful, especially during sunset. The small Indian town of Deshnok certainly wouldn't be on your vacation list if you don't like rats. A 14th century legend has it that the rats living here are to be protected and nurtured. Over 20,000 rats live inside this famous location these days. Since they've been living there for so long, the rats are quite friendly with both locals and tourists. The Battle of the Oranges is a local festival happening each year in late February in a small Italian town of Ivrea. The local myth has it that the Carnival de Ivrea started back in the Middle Ages. That's when locals stood against a hated ruler by throwing oranges at him in protest. It sounds like fun to join thousands of participants gathering there for three days to throw some oranges. Just don't forget to duck! Sokotra Island in Yemen was separated from mainland Africa more than 6 million years ago. That's probably one of the reasons why this secluded island looks more like the set of a fantasy movie than a real location. The island has some incredible and unique flora. Most of the plants and trees that grow here are not found anywhere else in the world. Like for example, the ancient Twisted Dragons Blood Tree or the Bulbas Bottle Tree. Japan's Toshirojima is rightly nicknamed Cat Island since it has a population of 100,000 humans and almost four times as many felines. The cats were initially brought here since the island produced a lot of silk and mice like silkworms a lot. More so, the cats were seen as a sign of good luck. There are even cat-shaped cabins for tourists to settle in and it probably goes without saying that dogs aren't allowed there. There are about 1,700 weirdly shaped hills in the middle of Bohol Island in the Philippines. They're so unique that you might easily mistake them for human-made. They are however part of the UNESCO heritage since they are naturally made out of coral deposits and shaped by rainwater erosion. Because of their quirky look, they earned the nickname of Chocolate Hills. Since during the dry season, their exterior goes from lush green to brown. Big fan of cascading pools, then make sure to check out another UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Puma Kale, Turkey. The name means Cotton Castle in Turkish. It's set in the ancient ruins of Hierapolis, a city that was built around the pools. There are crystal clear waters cascade from natural springs down to white-traver-team terraces. The view is so beautiful that you won't know what to do at first. Take a picture or jump in! If you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side! </s> |
<s>[INST] If You See Purple Fence Posts, Get Away [/INST] Well, watch out in Arizona. Make sure you don't have a sleeping donkey in your bathtub any time after 7 p.m. This is a law made in 1924, after an incident that occurred during a flood. When merchant wasn't allowed his donkey to sleep in his bathtub. This was before they weren't attached to the floor and could easily be moved. When the town flooded on a fateful night, the sleeping donkey was carried away by the torrent. It sailed through the town and ended up in a valley one mile away. The donkey was stranded in the tub, floating helplessly. The town gathered and eventually saved the poor god. But it took a lot of effort and resources during the rescue. They quickly made a new decree. There will be no more donkeys sleeping in bathtubs. So there. Now, in Samoa, if a husband forgets his wife's birthday, he can be reported to the authorities by his partner. After the first incident occurs, a formal warning is issued. It would not be expected that he would set enough reminders for the following year not to forget. But, if he does disregard the date again, he must go through a series of intense interviews to determine why he could forget such an important date. Depending on the defense of his forgetfulness, he can even face serious consequences. Just wait till he gets home. Alright, going back to Arizona. There you need a special permit if you want a saguaro cactus removed from your property. Taking it away without authorization could find you behind bars for up to three years. These cacti can live up to 200 years and the reason why such strict conservation efforts are in place is that it can only produce seeds at the age of 35. Ah, you find yourself along a beautiful beach in Italy, along the coastal town of Erochlea. And of course, you've brought a bucket. Just don't make any sand castles with it. They've been declared a dangerous trip hazard along the beach. So, on this beach, leave your bucket at home. Otherwise, you could face paying a fine of up to 250 bucks. When you're driving along the road or hiking through the woods in the USA, you might see a strange purple mark painted on a fence, pole, or even a tree. Throughout several states, these markers are advising not to trespass on private property. They're using the paint instead of the normal warning signs as it's a cheaper alternative that lasts longer. It's been implemented at different times over the past decade in 15 states and it's expected to continue to spread to others. So be sure to keep a sharp eye out for these markers. One day, the authorities of Singapore noticed that about $150,000 a year are spent to clean chewing gum. And it wasn't only under chairs and tables. They found it in critical areas on subway trains, which affected their sensors causing delays. So, in 1992, gum was officially banned. The law has become more lenient toward tourists with only small amounts allowed into the country. And dentists can also prescribe it to their patients for dental hygiene. There was also another issue in Singapore regarding cleanliness in public toilets. The authorities realized there were way too many messy public toilets throughout the country. This could no doubt put a stain on their reputation as one of the cleanest countries in the world. They enforced a monitoring system involving toilet agents. These guys monitor the toilets, making sure there are only clean ones. Business owners who fail to meet hygiene standards are reported. You're walking down a busy street in Thailand. They've dropped a money bill. The wind picks up and blows it away and you chase it frantically. You get close enough to stop it, but make sure you don't use your foot. It's considered a great offense to step on the bill. Feed are considered low and dirty in Thailand. So, you cannot step on the Thai money, since the bills have portraits of important people. No matter how great the value of your note is, don't tread on it. Otherwise, you'll find yourself locked up. Now, you speed your car along the Autobahn in Germany. It's one of the last places you can drive as fast as you like. But as you travel along, the fuel gauge shows the gas tank is empty. You pull over and stop. Not a big deal anywhere else, but here it's considered as an avoidable risk. You will have to pay a fine of $80 for not having the foresight to fill up when you had the chance. Further rules on the Autobahn include no parking, reversing, or even making a U-turn. Now, back in the 40s, a pair of pickle packers were selling their wares in Connecticut. Their pickles weren't exactly edible, but they still tried to sell their out-of-date goods. They were soon caught, and a new law was put in place to avoid this problem in the future. The new requirement was made that for a pickle to be sold, it would have to bounce. This was the best way to check if they were safe to eat at the time, as preservation methods advanced the law was forgotten, but it's still in place today. It's late night in New York City, and you quickly run to the store. There's no point putting your shoes on too much effort for such a short trip. But as you cross the road, you're suddenly stopped by the police. You're confused because you did nothing wrong, but they quickly arrest you for the offense of wearing slippers past 10 p.m. This rule is in place, as it's believed the smelly slippers attract rats and other vermin. Still, wearing your pajamas in public is fine. You're driving across the dry, sandy roads of Western Australia. You're hiding something suspicious inside your vehicle, hesitant as you go, hoping not to draw attention to yourself. Suddenly, you grow concerned as you're being pulled over by the Potato Marketing Authority. They search your vehicle and find that you're carrying more than 110 pounds of potatoes. This law was put in place in 1946 to protect commercial activities during a time of series rationing. Although the law has since been removed, it wasn't until 2016. If you're planning a trip to the English House of Parliament, make sure you left your suit of armor at home. In the year 1313, it was declared that no one can enter fully knitted in their metal suits. It was made for safety reasons. It took a few years to take effect. At first, this new ruling was ignored by the Earl of Lancaster. But following his persecution for ignoring this law, there hasn't been any armor in Parliament since 1319. And the law remains in place to this day. So Greece has had many historical monuments that have stood the test of time. But the biggest concern to their ongoing stability is tourism. A law to counter this was to ban wearing high heels at any historical monuments. The Odeon, a theater made from stone, was built in 161 AD. Today, it has distinct damage caused by walking. Amongst the damage, they also found 60 pounds of chewing gum between the crevices. So food and drink are also banned, along with pointy shoes. You're flying a kite in the state of Victoria in Australia, a seemingly harmless activity. But don't be surprised if the police suddenly show up. A law was made in 1966, stating that if you flew a kite at the cost of annoying someone nearby, then you can be fine. And trust me, it's a pretty penny. But given the size of Australia, it should be pretty easy to find somewhere to fly a kite without anyone around. In Oklahoma, caring for dogs' well-being is valued highly. So much so that it's illegal to make strange faces toward a dog. You could be fine for doing this act and possibly face some serious punishment. Now, although strange, this one should definitely be made a universal rule. Unless the dog makes a face right back. </s> |
<s>[INST] How Quantum Computers Will Solve the Unsolvable [/INST] Imagine a computer power so vast it can crack encryption codes in the blink of an eye, simulate complex chemical reactions with unbelievable accuracy, and revolutionize fields like medicine, finance, and artificial intelligence. This is the world of quantum computing, a world where the laws of physics and the limits of technology are pushed to their farthest boundaries. Now, get ready to discover it. But before we see how it's different from classical computing, we have to dive into the quantum part of it. Quantum computers work on two very important ideas of quantum mechanics, entanglement, and superposition. These two things are the underlying principles that allow quantum computers to perform certain types of calculations that classical computers can't. So what is it? Let's start with entanglement. It's a phenomenon where two particles can become so closely connected that the state of one particle is dependent on the state of the other. So imagine you have a pair of magic dice. These magic dice are kind of connected. They always know what number falls on the other dice and then show the same number. It doesn't matter how far you take them apart, the numbers on them will always be the same. How is it possible? Who knows? It's magic. It's basically entanglement in quantum physics. Only in this case, we're not talking about magic bones, but particles. We can take one particle to Mars and leave the other on Earth. But somehow, one particle will always know what is happening to the other and change depending on it. That means that if you measure one particle, you instantly know the state of the other particle, regardless of the distance between them. Einstein famously called it spooky action at a distance. But scientists have been able to demonstrate this effect in real-world experiments. And the recent Nobel Prize winners of 2022 proved there is no error in the experiments. And we cannot explain this phenomenon by classic physics. Now, let's discuss superposition. Superposition is the ability of a quantum system to be in multiple states at the same time until it's measured. So imagine you're playing a game of rock, paper, scissors with a friend. In classical physics, the outcome of each round can only be rock, paper, or scissors. But in quantum physics, things can exist in multiple states at the same time. So in a game of quantum rock, paper, scissors, your hand could be in a superposition of being rock and paper and scissors all at the same time. And it's only when you actually make a move and your friend sees it that the hand chooses its state. Huh, crazy, isn't it? You may remember the famous Schrodinger's CAD experiment. The CAD in the box was in the state of superposition. It could be alive and not at the same time until the box is open and we observe the result. Now, don't worry, it was a thought experiment. The CAD is fine. These two principles of quantum computing allow for a completely new way of computing. It has the potential to revolutionize the way we process and store information. For example, classical computing uses bits, such as ones and zeros, to represent and manipulate data. Everything inside the computer, the messages that you write, the programs that you open, and even this video basically represent very long streams of zeros and ones. A bit is always either a zero or a one. It's like a light switch that's either on or off. But in quantum computing, we use qubits. They're in the state of superposition. In other words, they can exist in multiple states at once. It's as if the light switch could on, off, and everything in between at the same time. Now imagine you have this qubit that's in superposition. And then you entangle that qubit with another qubit. And just like with our magic dice, now the state of one qubit is dependent on the state of the other qubit. To put it simply, superposition allows our qubits to exist in multiple states at once, and entanglement allows multiple qubits to work together in all those states. Can you imagine the things that a computer could do? That's far beyond our classical computing. It's like having a magic genie who fulfills all your wishes at the same time instantly. And that's why quantum computing is so exciting. These computers also have the so-called quantum algorithms. These are sets of instructions that you give the computer so it can perform some specific tasks. The most important ones are Schor's algorithm, Grover's algorithm, quantum machine learning, and so on. Wow, Grover's got his own algorithm? Let's take the Schor's algorithm, for example. This thing is a game changer when it comes to breaking encryption codes. Imagine you're a spy trying to crack a secret message, but the code is so strong that it would take a classical computer millions of years to crack it. But wait, you've got a secret weapon, a quantum computer. Just use superposition to try out all the possible combinations at the same time. It's like having a magic decoder ring that can unlock the secrets of the universe in no time. As for Grover's algorithm, it's like having a super-powered search engine. Imagine you're trying to find a needle in a haystack, but this haystack is so big that it would take a classical computer forever to search through it. But with Grover's algorithm, a quantum computer is like having a super-powered Google that can find the answer to any question in seconds. It'll find your needle much faster than a regular computer would. We could also use this to create complex simulations. This would really help us make scientific breakthroughs. For example, imagine you're a scientist trying to understand a complex chemical reaction, but this reaction is too difficult to simulate on a classical computer. There are so many numbers and variables and other stuff. Well, here comes a quantum computer. Just use superposition and entanglement to simulate the reaction much more accurately. And these algorithms are just the tip of the iceberg. Watch out, Titanic. Quantum computers can process and analyze large amounts of data much faster than any classical computer ever would. We could potentially solve problems that were once thought to be impossible. We could also combine it with our other achievements, like artificial intelligence. Quantum algorithms could help AI systems learn much faster. We could have tons of cool things, from self-driving cars to intelligent chatbots. Now, the best part is, we already have a couple of real quantum computers. They're even capable of doing some work, but of course, they're still far from fully operational models. There are some huge challenges in quantum computing we have yet to overcome. One of the main challenges is the number of qubits. The more qubits you have, the more powerful your quantum computer will be. However, the more qubits we have, the more difficult it is to control and stabilize them. This can lead to errors and decreased performance. We can solve this problem by using more advanced error correction techniques. Another issue is the coherence time. The coherence time is basically how long a quantum computer can keep its superpositions without them getting disrupted. The longer it is, the more calculations the computer can do. But right now, the coherence time is quite short, and the scientists are trying to find new ways to make it longer. But despite these challenges, we've made a lot of progress in recent years. Companies like Google, IBM, and Rigeti have built quantum processors with tens of qubits. There are even a few processors with over a hundred qubits. And recently in Japan, they started selling the first quantum computers for the average user. These are small quantum computers, each with two to three qubits, but it's still a huge breakthrough. And even though this technology is still new, the potential of quantum computers is vast. Scientists believe that quantum computers will soon be able to solve problems that are currently impossible for classical computers, leading to breakthroughs in all areas of life. It's the future, and we're just scratching the surface of what's possible. So let's dive deeper and discover the unknown together. That's it for today. So hey, if you've pacified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your friends. Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side! </s> |
<s>[INST] What It's Really Like to Be a Member of the Royal Guard [/INST] Now contrary to popular belief the members of the Queen's Royal Guard are allowed to talk but only in very specific circumstances if people get too close to them or become aggressive. If you're ever in their way, you'll most likely hear, make way for the Queen's Guard. Oh, side note, try not to get in their way because they'll most likely knock you over. You'll also never see one of them smiling for a selfie. They're not even allowed to chuckle and it was rumored that if they do they'll receive a fine of about 200 bucks. That turned out not to be true. Anyway, even if they aren't allowed to show much emotion, they really don't like it when people imitate the way they walk. But it's not all rules and regulations. They can't have fun every now and then. When not performing military songs during the changing of the guard, the orchestra will switch to the playlist with more fun tunes like the Star Wars or Indiana Jones soundtracks. Since the guards have to stand up straight for long periods of time, they are allowed to move and they are even encouraged to do so for their own health. So every 10 minutes or so, you'll see them turn to the left to march about 10 paces, then turn around and go back to their initial position. Unfortunately, that's the only movement they're allowed to do. So what do they do all those hours since they can't speak or move a lot? Well, they have to use their imagination. They sing songs inside their heads and try to remember the lyrics. Some even try to piece together a whole movie by mentally recounting all the scenes in order. The rule about their interaction with the public was overlooked in a very unusual situation. A picture of it even went viral online. It was when a member of the Queen's Guard was seen outside Buckingham Palace, receiving water to drink from a civilian during a heat wave. As the temperatures topped 104 degrees Fahrenheit, the heavily dressed guards were allowed to withdraw from their positions for a couple of hours and hide in the shade. They were also seen using electric fans to help them cope with the unusually hot, for the average London weather temperatures. Their horses were also taken care of, often being patted with water and constantly offered water to drink. Now as boring as it might seem to stand around all day, sometimes in really bad weather, the guards have the chance to meet some interesting people every now and then. They see presidents, prime ministers and celebrities. Some of the guards have even had the pleasure of meeting Her Majesty the Queen herself, and some even recount having nice conversations with her and other members of the royal family. And what about, you know, when the guards need to go to the bathroom? They're not allowed to take bathroom breaks, so they need to have quite a bit of control. There's even a protocol on how they should faint. That can sometimes happen given the heat or how tired they get. So when they faint, they have to maintain a dignified position. That's why you'll sometimes see images of Queen's guards gracefully lying face down on the ground. The guards are not recruited to work for the royal family specifically. They all have ongoing military careers and serve the statement role of guarding Buckingham Palace on rotation. Turns out the members of the Queen's royal guard actually borrowed the idea of their bare skin caps from Napoleon himself. These large helmets date back to the 18th century. They were designed like that to make soldiers appear taller to intimidate their opponents. They were often worn by the French army and were later adopted by the British too. Unlike any other type of hat, they are secured under the lip of the wearer instead of the chin for added protection of the neck. Since the hat is 18 inches in height and weighs up to nine pounds, the guards need to have the impressive neck strength to be able to support it. The cap gets even heavier when it rains. Those black hats require a lot of investment too. The British army buys around 50 to 100 of them a year and each costs roughly 650 pounds, which is around $800. Now, how are those hats made? Well, the outer layer is stretched over a piece of framework shaped like a basket. An adjustable leather skull cap is placed inside. After that, the chin strap gets attached to make sure the hat stays in place for longer periods of time. Surprisingly, the members of the guard say it keeps them cool, but some of them do complain about chin straps that need to fit quite tightly and take some getting used to. Not all bare skin caps are the same. If you take a closer look, you'll see differently colored plumes corresponding to a specific regiment. The cold stream guards, for example, wear a red colored plume on the right hand side. The grenadiers have it on the left hand side. Meanwhile, the Irish guards have a blue plume. There are in total seven British regiments that wear that specific type of hat. To join the Queen's Guard, people need to pass the British Army Recruit Battery or BARB test. It's basically a computer test that contains a series of timed questions. It's supposed to check the candidate's ability to process information quickly, accurately and logically. They also need to have a lot of endurance, since a full day of work can last over 24 hours. And up to six hours of these 24, the guards can spend standing. Of course, they don't get chosen for their looks, but they do need to be pretty tall. Five eight to six two is often the norm. As well prepared as they are, the members of the Queen's Guard have been outsmarted at least once. In 1982, for example, a guy named Michael Fagan managed to get past the guard stationed at Buckingham Palace and made his way to the Queen's bedroom. It said they had a conversation before the police eventually captured him. Most of us think of those red tunic guards when talking about Buckingham Palace, but they also cover other royal landmarks. That's why you can see foot guards at the Wellington Barracks, Victoria Barracks at Windsor, or the Royal Artillery Barracks at Woolwich. As for the red tunics, the color was chosen for practical and cost-saving reasons. Should a guard member ever get injured, it won't be so noticeable. More so, British soldiers wear this color because back in the day, red was the cheapest and most easily available dye for fabrics. The guards don't always wear red, though. They opt for this color during the summer months, from April to October. During fall and winter, they switch to gray coats, which are much more practical given the colder temperature and rainfall. The guard's uniform has different markings, depending on their rank. The medals they wear, located above the left breast of each jacket, show the military tours each guard has undertaken. The gold buttons have a secret meaning, too. They're arranged in a certain way according to the regiment. The cold stream guards, for example, have two buttons because they were the second regiment formed. The Queen's Guard is made up of 36 soldiers and three officers, but only four of them stand outside the palace when the Queen is at home, and a mere two are there when she's away. They have to perform a ritual called the changing of the guard in front of Buckingham and St. James' Palaces. It lasts for about 45 minutes and is free for tourists to watch. The guards aren't all men, by the way. It's true that women couldn't join combat troops in the British Army, especially in the infantry. But that was until 2017, when a Canadian soldier named Megan Couto became eligible to join the troop. She became the first female captain of the Queen's Guard in the same year, when she was only 24. You go, girl! That's it for today. So, hey, if you passified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your friends. Or, if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side! </s> |
<s>[INST] There Are More States of Matter Than You Think [/INST] What do you know about the weird and wacky world of states of matter? Most of us know that matter can be solid liquid and gas Some of us even know about a special fourth state called plasma But what about the extraordinary states that behave in crazy ways like dancing and color changing? Forget what you thought you knew about solids liquids and gases because we're diving into the wild side of physics. Let's go First we have quark glue on plasma This state of matter looks like a hot and soupy mess It's a bizarre state that existed just moments after the Big Bang when the universe was incredibly hot and dense You see inside all the things around us There are tiny particles called quarks and as far as we know they're the smallest particles of the universe They're the building blocks of our world Just like Lego bricks they come in different types and can stick together to form bigger structures We have up quarks down quarks strange quarks charm quarks top quarks and bottom quarks All of them are held together by some special forces the glue-ons They're like the super glue that keeps the quarks stuck together. They carry a special force called the strong nuclear force They're also kind of like the messengers passing messages between the quarks and keeping them connected now How do we create a plasma out of them? Well, we need to heat things up and we have to use some serious heat to create the quark glue on plasma It's like throwing your pizza into a scorching oven when you crank up the heat the cheese starts to melt and it becomes all gooey and runny In the same way when we heat quarks and glue-ons up a lot like in extreme conditions They become energetic and start to break free all this transforms matter into a hot soupy mess That's how scientists can recreate this special state in laboratories by smashing together particles at high energies But why do we even need to do that? Well studying the quark glue-on plasma helps us understand how the universe evolved and what happened in its earliest moments To understand the recipe of the entire pizza. We need to know all ingredients, right? including the melted cheese Next we have a Bose-Einstein condensate. It's a pretty weird state of matter Let's try to explain it like this Imagine you have a group of friends at a party Usually everyone dances and moves around freely creating a lively and energetic atmosphere But what if something strange happens? What if all your friends suddenly slow down and start moving together in perfect sync almost like a slow-motion dance? Sounds like something out of a horror movie, but that's what happens in a Bose-Einstein condensate It's a unique state of matter and it occurs when certain particles called bosons get extremely cold when this happens All the bosons gather in the lowest energy state possible and then they form a cool club where everyone is doing the same thing Okay, first we take some gas with low density and cool it down to super low temperatures Close to absolute zero. It's like the coldest temperature possible because it's so cold everything stops moving including particles That's because atoms and molecules have no energy left to move This temperature isn't physically possible as far as we know, but we can get super close to it at about minus 459 degrees Fahrenheit Scientists use lasers and special equipment to reach that state But when it happens in a Bose-Einstein condensate the bosons don't just become still like statues Instead they gather in the lowest possible energy state and kind of form a single entity They start to behave collectively as if they're part of one big super atom their motion becomes highly coordinated and synchronized It's like the collective mind from Rick and Morty Studying Bose-Einstein condensates helps scientists understand the strange and quantum nature of matter It helps us to unlock the secrets of a hidden realm where the rules of the ordinary world no longer apply Next let's talk a bit more about quarks These guys are so special that they get one more state of matter to themselves This one is called QCD matter or quantum chromodynamic matter It's a fancy name for the theory that describes how quarks and the strong force interact Remember how we were talking about Lego blocks in The normal world each block has its own color shape and size But what if you could play with a special kind of Lego where the blocks change their colors shapes and sizes as you stack them together That's a bit like what happens in QCD matter Normally quarks stick together tightly inside particles like protons and neutrons. It's like they're holding hands and can't move around much But when things get super hot or under a lot of pressure something interesting happens The force that holds the quarks together called the strong force becomes weaker It's like their grip loosens and suddenly the quarks can move around more freely This is when QCD matter appears when the strong force weakens the quarks start acting like they're in a fun playground They can zoom around and interact with each other in exciting new ways and even change their colors It's like the building blocks coming to life and having a blast Scientists study QCD matter in particle accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider They smash particles together at incredible speeds and energies They almost create many early universes in the hearts of neutron stars in their labs They study QCD matter to understand how quarks behave and how the strong force works in extreme conditions This way we can learn more about the fundamental nature of matter and the forces that hold it together In other words, it helps us to understand how our universe is built And finally we get to the last weird state of matter called neutronium Imagine you have a bunch of balls some are red and some are blue They're all bouncing around constantly colliding with each other Now let's take away all the red balls and keep only the blue ones. That's a bit like neutronium Neutrons are tiny particles that hang out in the nucleus of an atom along with protons like a cozy group of friends They're like the chill buddies of the atomic world. They're neutral meaning they don't have any charge hence the name They play an important role in holding the nucleus together and determining the properties of different atoms Neutronium is a substance made up mostly of neutrons and in this weird substance Neutrons all by themselves without any protons. It's like a neutron only party So what happens when we leave them alone? Well, neutronium is incredibly dense It's like packing a huge number of blue balls into a small space In fact, it's so dense that a teaspoon of it would weigh as much as a mountain Pretty crazy, isn't it? Neutronium also has another quirky feature. It's super strong If you tried to squeeze this substance it would resist and push back against you with a force called neutron degeneracy pressure It's like the blue balls in our analogy being so tightly packed that they don't want to be squished any further Scientists think that neutronium might exist in the cores of certain extremely dense objects like neutron stars These are celestial objects formed when massive stars come to the end of their lives and collapse under their own gravity When this happens particles find themselves in some intense pressure and extreme conditions And this is how matter can transform into this extraordinary substance Neutronium challenges our understanding of matter and continues to intrigue scientists exploring the mysteries of the universe So from the mesmerizing dance of particles in a quark-gluon plasma To the mind-bending behavior of atoms in a Bose-Einstein condensate These strange states of matter have shown us that matter is full of surprises Remember the universe is a vast and mysterious place and our exploration of these weird states is just the beginning So keep your curiosity alive and your mind open to the wonders of our world That's it for today. So hey if you pacified your curiosity then give the video a like and share it with your friends Or if you want more just click on these videos and stay on the bright side </s> |
<s>[INST] Why Even AI Can't Bring the Dinosaurs Back [/INST] Get ready for an epic sci-fi journey. Artificial intelligence may be scary in movies, but in real life, scientists are using the power of AI to revolutionize our world. There are many ways to use AI for the better, including in biology. For example, to de-extinct species. Now hold your horses, I know it sounds scary, but before you start worrying about T-Rex rampaging through your neighborhood, let's set the record straight. According to scientists. Dinosaurs are off the table when it comes to cloning. After all, you can't clone from stone. However, there are plenty of other more peaceful candidates for de-extinction, and there are many reasons why this might be a good idea. Life on Earth is facing some serious challenges. Human exploitation. Habitat destruction. And natural disasters are wreaking havoc on our precious planet. You know how the dinosaurs were extinct 65 million years ago? Well, studies show that the rate of species disappearing today has skyrocketed to almost the same level. More than a million species are in danger. Scientists believe that if things continue like this, by the year 2100, half of all Earth species could be gone. Now, we all love cute and cuddly pandavares, but the importance of biodiversity goes way beyond the warm and fuzzies. Lifeforms on Earth are all interconnected, like pieces of a giant puzzle. They rely on each other for survival, with some species providing food, shelter, and support to others. When one species goes extinct, it can set off a chain reaction, like a domino effect, putting others at risk too. So we're talking about safeguarding the delicate balance of life on our planet. After all, it's the only home we've got. And here comes the idea of de-extinction. So how does it work? Well, we'd have to use things like artificial intelligence, digital memory, and data analysis. Thanks to them, we can bring back the DNA of extinct species. The woolly mammoth. It rained the Earth from about 300,000 years ago. I think it was about 10,000 years ago. Now it might just make a comeback. Scientists have been working for years to bring it back to life. What they're trying to do is take frozen mammoth's DNA and combine it with elephants' DNA using AI. This would create a new mammoth elephant. Something like this would take years, and with the benefits, it would be amazing. These ancient beasts could actually restore grasslands and balance greenhouse gases. Imagine seeing a real-life mammoth first walk the Earth in 10,000 years. Maybe making our world a greener place. We knew that the key to saving our planet could lie in the Ice Age. But bringing them would be a mammoth task. It involves working with elephant eggs and surrogate families to raise the mammoths. We need to be careful to ensure that things will be safe and respectful to the elephants. Another extinct animal is the passenger pigeon. This bird was once one of the most common species in North America. Imagine a world where the skies are once again filled with the majestic flight of billions of passenger pigeons. The most abundant bird species in history are these beautiful creatures with their distinctive spotted tails and iridescent feathers. Used to dot the skies like confetti. Sadly, they went extinct in the early 20th century due to habitat loss and overhunting. But now, thanks to the AI, we can analyze the DNA of the passenger pigeon and recreate this species in the lab. Meet Martha, the last surviving passenger pigeon. She passed away in a zoo in 1914. But her story doesn't end there. These two species, for example, from Martha and other preserved specimens, would allow researchers to piece together the pigeon's DNA puzzle. The goal? To revive the species by 2025. It's an ambitious timeline, but with dedication and innovation, it's absolutely awesome. And finally, the Tasmanian Tiger. The Tasmanian Tiger, also known as the Thylacine, is another species that scientists are hoping to bring back to life. Millions of years ago, these wolf-like creatures roamed Australia. Unfortunately, they vanished from the mainland around 2000 years ago. They remained in Tasmania until the 1930, and then went extinct due to habitat loss and hunting. But a team of brilliant scientists is on a mission to resurrect this adorable creature. Great thing about the Thylacine is that it was super important. Every major museum wanted one in their collection, so there are hundreds of samples of their DNA around the globe. Talk about a treasure trove of DNA. These are just a couple of examples. But this doesn't mean that we'll begin to massively revive a bunch of extinct species left and right. It's not that simple. First off, we can't revive all animals. DNA has an expiration date. It can't last more than 1.5 million years. That's why having a pet T-Rex is still a distant dream, but animals from the Ice Age are a more realistic possibility. There are also other criteria. People prefer no wild wanderers, monogamous species who would help grow their population more quickly and so on. Also before we go full on Jurassic Park, there are some obvious dangers to consider. Our genetic games could easily upset existing ecosystems. After all, since these animals became extinct, other species have evolved and adapted to fill their place. But we'll bring them back cause more harm than good. Also over the years, the environments where these creatures lived have drastically changed. Especially when it comes to Ice Agents. The plants they used to feed on could be long gone too. Will the Amethyst or Thylacines be able to survive on their own? In the wild? If not, who would take care of them? It would be sad for them to end up as mere curiosities in a zoo. But hold on, it's not all doom and gloom. Even without the reviving part, this technology could help us save living species on the brink of extinction, like the white rhino for example. These amazing creatures are critically endangered and saving them from extinction is a race against time. Sadly, we recently lost a northern white rhino at the San Diego Zoo. Now there's only five of these majestic animals alive on the entire planet. But to make matters worse, there's only one male left among them. But there's hope. Imagine a wall of black and white rhinoceroses running freely. By taking what's preserved of them in museum collections, we could help revive their populations. We could bring back the glory days with black and white rhinos leading to charge. Of course, there are debates about the ethics of this entire operation. But many experts argue that it would be unethical not to try to undo the damage humans have caused. If we have a technology to undo the damage we've caused and save endangered animals, why not use it? If you could bring back any extinct animal, which one would it be? Tough question, right? The most fun one would probably be the dodo. Just look at it. It's the epitome of silliness with its inability to fly, its juvenile characteristics, and its lack of fear towards humans. Even having dodo's walking around related to habitat, you'd fly with your issues. It would be a sight to behold. Now, what about the most dangerous one? Well, maybe there would be no dinos. But there's one animal that would send chills down your spine. The giant, short-faced bear. Just picture and carry a 12-foot tall beast standing on its hind legs in your back. Yikes! I'd rather not have that heart-stopping moment. So when will de-extinction become a reality? It's hard to say. If we're talking about creating animals with some traits of their extinct counterparts, like the ones we've mentioned, it could happen within a few years to a decade. But long-matter is for all their chains and behaviors. It's a longer road ahead. One thing's for sure, though. The future of de-extinction is as exciting as it is uncertain. The possibilities are thrilling and awe-inspiring, showing us that science can be like a real adventure. Who knows what wonders the future holds? Let's hope that one day, we'll also be able to see these incredible creatures walk the earth once again. </s> |
<s>[INST] 5 Ships Whose Crew Disappeared Without a Trace [/INST] Thick fog is rising over the ocean as the sun is slowly sinking towards the horizon. It's hard to see further away than a few dozen feet, but that's enough to notice a hulking, skeletal shape in the distance. As your ship approaches the figure, your heart beats faster, and then you make out the details of another vessel, abandoned by the looks of it. Ghost ships do exist, and their mysteries aren't always solved. Take MV Hojita, for example. It was a wooden vessel built in 1931 as a luxury yacht. It had served well to various people over twenty years before it was bought by a Samoan sailor and became a merchant ship. In 1955, though, Hojita's service came to an abrupt and mysterious end. On October 3rd, it set sail for another trading voyage that should have taken no more than 48 hours. Delays happen in the sea, so when Hojita didn't arrive on October 5th as scheduled, there was little worry yet, but then it failed to come on the following day, too. There was no distress signal or any other sign of Hojita's presence anywhere between its departure and arrival points. A search and rescue party was dispatched to find the ship, and for six days they were scouting the area of nearly 100,000 square miles. On October 12th, the mission returned to the base empty-handed. Hojita vanished without a trace. It was only a month later that another merchant ship, Tuvalu, noticed the missing vessel far away from its route, drifting in the open sea and listing heaven. The sailors boarded the ship and found that all of its crew and passengers, 25 people total, were missing along with all the cargo the vessel had been carrying. The radio was tuned to the International Distress Channel, meaning that the crew had been trying to ask for help, but they couldn't reach anyone because the radio cable had been damaged. Limiting the range to two miles. The lifeboats were missing as well, indicating that people on board must have left the ship. Unfortunately, they seem to have taken the logbook with them, leaving the rescue team clueless as to what had happened. Even today, the mystery of MV Hojita hasn't been solved yet. No one knows where the crew and passengers had gone and what had caused them to leave. SV Carol A. Deering wasn't a ghost ship in the usual sense of the word. There are no sightings of it in the open sea. Instead, it was found on the shore, but the circumstances of it running aground are a puzzle shrouded in mystery. Carol A. Deering was built in 1919 in May, and it was a large vessel made for commercial voyages. Unfortunately, despite its large cost of construction, it had only served for a year before its last trip. July 19, 1920. The ship was traveling from Puerto Rico to Rio de Janeiro via Newport News to deliver a cargo up coal. It was almost halfway to the final destination when the captain felt seriously ill, and the crew turned back to drop him and his son off and replace the captain. The voyage went without incident, but when it came to Barbados in December to resupply, there were strange moods among the crew. The first mate didn't seem to be happy with the new captain. No one paid much attention to it back then, when they probably should have. The last sighting of Carol A. Deering at sea was on January 28, 1921, when a light ship noticed it off the coast of North Carolina. There was some commotion on the quarter deck of the ship where the crew were normally not allowed. Then another vessel sighted it, but there was already no one on the decks. On January 31st, the merchant ship was found hard aground in the Diamond Shoals, a site notorious for numerous shipwrecks that had been occupying there for centuries. When the search and rescue party boarded the ship, they found it abandoned, the log and personal belongings of the crew gone, along with the two lifeboats. There is still no answer to what happened on board of Carol A. Deering that January, although the most popular version was mutiny. Maybe we'll never find out the truth though. SS Bechimo is perhaps one of the most notable ghost ships in history. This large cargo steamer was built in 1914 in Sweden and plotted its way dutifully over 16 years, trading provisions for pelts with native tribes of Alaska and Canada, but then on October 1st, 1931, Bechimo got caught in pack ice. At first it seemed the crew would be able to wait it out and continue on their route because the ship broke free in a couple of days, but in less than a week it became caught again, this time for good. In another week, a rescue party was sent to fetch 22 of the Bechimo's crew, while another 15 remained behind to wait through the winter if necessary and get the ship back. But a month later, after a powerful blizzard struck their camp, the sailors went out of their shelters only to find the ship gone. Luckily, a few days later, a native hunter told that Bechimo hadn't been lost yet. He'd seen it about 45 miles from where they had been stationed. They managed to track it down, but decided the ship wouldn't survive the winter, so they took the most valuable cargo from its hold and abandoned it. They were wrong though, SS Bechimo did survive that winter, and many more that followed, when the ice broke it sailed away on its own, drifting listlessly along the shores of Canada and Alaska. There were numerous sightings of the ghost ship, sometimes adrift in the open sea, and at other times stuck in the pack ice again. People attempted to board and salvage it, but weather conditions or lack of equipment always prevented them. SS Bechimo was last sighted by native Alaskans in 1969, 38 years after its abandonment. What became of it later remains unknown. The story of SS Orang Meydan is one of the most puzzling and harrowing ghost ship stories of the 20th century. No one even knows for sure if the ship even existed in the first place. It wasn't recorded in Lloyd's shipping, the international register of ships, which makes it either a tall tail or a vessel that avoided being officially recognized for some shady reasons. In any case, the accounts as to what happened to the Meydan vary. According to most reports, it was carrying some unknown cargo in the Indonesian waters when a distress call was received by another ship in the vicinity. The officers on duty heard an SOS message, but its contents are different depending on the accounts. The message did not repeat and the crew of Meydan didn't answer to any attempts to contact it back. The ship that received the distress call hurried to the rescue, but they only reached the vessel the following day when it was already drifting and slightly listing. When the rescue was boarded the ship, they found that none of the crew had survived. However, one lifeboat was missing, which implied that there was at least one crew member who managed to escape. What happened to the rest of the people on board remains a mystery to this day. Still, there are no hard facts about this story, so we might never find out whether SS Orang Meydan was actually a ship and not a thing of fiction. SV Zabrina was a three-mast sailing barge built in 1873 for river trade ships in South America. She served for well over four decades, proving to be a sturdy and reliable ship. It was later transferred to Europe where it continued serving its purpose well. But then, in October 1917, Zabrina set sail on a regular voyage only to be found ashore several days later. Mysteriously, although the ship was perfectly intact, the entire crew of five and the captain were gone. There is no direct evidence or hard facts as to what really happened that day. The most convincing theory is that the crew were washed away from the deck because of an underwater explosion. And then the ship sailed ahead without them, but the truth, as always, remains unknown. </s> |
<s>[INST] Explained_ Finally You Know Why Fidget Spinners Disappeared [/INST] Do you remember the fidget spinner craze? I do a little. Still, no one has heard of them for years. So where do they go? Well as you may recall, fidget spinners became a fad around May 2017. Students were so obsessed with spinning them all day long that many schools just banned the toy. Still, spinner advocates were saying that it was not just a pretty distraction. Fidget spinners were supposed to be good for people with autism and ADHD, but then that myth was busted. No scientific research found it to be true. But, at least they were still popular as a sport. Fidget spinners could be a new fingerboard, but they just didn't make it. There was no further development of the toy and the fall of the spinners was as sudden as their rise. </s> |
<s>[INST] Scientists Finally Decoded Signals Plants Send [/INST] Photosynthesis can save millions of human lives. Wait, how? What is the connection here? Plants create energy out of sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. Duh, we've known it for ages. Turns out that understanding this process in detail could help find a cure for cancer. So for a long time, scientists have been trying to figure out how plants start the process of turning sunlight into sugar through photosynthesis. But now, some researchers have finally decoded those tricky signals that plants send to themselves. For many years, botanists have known that the nucleus in a plant cell is like the boss, sending out commands to other parts of the cell. It does so by creating proteins that tell the other parts what to do. And if those proteins aren't there, the plant won't be able to grow or turn green. But there are hundreds of different proteins in the nucleus. Figuring out which ones tell the plant to start photosynthesis has been a huge challenge. It's been like trying to find a needle in a haystack. But now, the botany professor Meng Chen and his team managed to find four of those proteins and documented the entire process. In simple words, Chen and his team found four new proteins that help plants start the process of photosynthesis, which turns sunlight into energy for growth. These proteins are part of a complex process that happens in two different rooms in the cell, and they help the different parts of the plant talk to each other, so they can work together to make energy. Chen compares this process to a symphony where the proteins in the nucleus act as the conductors who start the music. These conductors are called photoreceptors, which implies that they respond to light and activate genes that kick off photosynthesis. However, they need to communicate with other parts of the cell which are far away, like musicians playing in different rooms. This is where the four newly discovered proteins come in. They help the conductors send messages to the other parts of the cell. This research was funded by the National Institutes of Health, which hopes that it could help find a cure for cancer. This is because the chloroplasts, which are plant cell parts responsible for photosynthesis, and mitochondria that generate chemical energy in human cells have some similarities. Both are important for generating energy for growth, and they also contain genetic material. Scientists have been studying internal communication processes inside the cell. They found out that when something goes wrong with the little organs inside a cell, called organelles, they will send a message to the nucleus which acts as the headquarters of the cell. However, we don't know much about how the nucleus sends messages back to the organelles. Chen thinks that the way the nucleus communicates with the organelles in plants is similar to how it works in animals. By studying how the nucleus communicates with the chloroplasts, we can learn how it also controls the mitochondrial genes. Dysfunction of these genes may lead to dangerous diseases like cancer, so we could learn to control these processes, and thus maybe find ways to reverse cancer processes. It's important to understand how photosynthesis is controlled because it may be used beyond just studying diseases. For example, if we ever live on another planet, we will need to grow food indoors and create a way to make sure the plants get enough light to grow. Also, climate change is making it harder for farmers to grow crops. By understanding how plants grow, we can find ways to help them survive and keep us fed. The reason we can survive on this planet is because plants can do photosynthesis. Without them, there are no animals, including humans, said Chen. So if we understand how to manipulate plant growth, we can also control the quantity of food we produce, which could definitely solve lots of our problems in the future. </s> |
<s>[INST] This Lake Is Amazingly Beautiful But Don't Swim in It [/INST] Hmm, on the outside, the surface of this lake looks like the aftermath of a disaster. Empty tree trunks spike out of the turquoise waters. The lake is surrounded by mountains, making it a quiet but unsettling place. But those who dare to swim under these dangerous waters will soon discover a whole new world. This isn't the beginning of a fairy tale. It's the actual story of Khyendi Lake, located in Sati, Kazakhstan. Back in 1911, an earthquake caused a major landslide in this location. The valley created eventually filled up with rainwater, practically submerging the forest. The trees that are located above the waters might look very sad, but beneath the surface, they remind you of an underwater forest. Since the waters are crystal clear most of the time, you can still see this fascinating view even from its shores. The ice cold water makes this lake so tricky and, at times, even dangerous. And don't forget about all the algae, plants, and submerged trees that can rapidly become risky obstacles. Hey, I enjoy a steamy hot bath, but this boiling lake I'll tell you about now is really the stuff of scary dreams. It's located on the Caribbean island of Dominica, and its waters have temperatures between 180 and 197 degrees Fahrenheit. And that's just around the edges, since no one has ever dared to reach the middle of the lake to measure its core temperature. It's true that the heat can go down from time to time, but you never know when these waters may start to boil again. The place is also dangerous because of the gases it releases, such as carbon dioxide. It doesn't smell nice, trust me, but that's mostly because of the sulfur stuck in the steamy air. This seemingly calm lake also carries a dangerous surprise. Lake Manon, located in West Providence, Camero, it's one of the few erupting lakes on the whole planet, similar to a volcano. And most of the time, it does so without any warnings. Its last eruption dates back to 1894, when it caused serious damage. The chemical mechanism of such lakes works like a can of soda that you shake before opening. There are risky gases on the bottom of the waters, so any disturbance on the surface may trigger their eruption. Natron Lake in Tanzania may be beautiful to watch because of its unique reddish coloring, but it's definitely not a place you'd want to take a swim in. While the water is extremely salty, it also combines with algae, which, by the way, are responsible for the coloring. And that's not even the riskiest thing about it. The Natron Lake has pH levels so high that they become corrosive. If you dampen a piece of dyed material in this lake, it'll soon be stripped of its color. These high levels of acidity can also cause serious problems to the human skin. It's not all bad for some creatures, as Lake Natron is the only home to over 2.5 million small flamingos. These acidic and brackish waters support their survival, so it's no wonder they like to stick around. But Nicaragua's danger factor has less to do with chemistry and more to do with its inhabitants. It's located on the border of Costa Rica and Nicaragua and is the largest freshwater lake in Central America. When you first look at it, you won't think it can be dangerous, but because of the bull sharks inhabiting it, I wouldn't recommend taking a swim. Sharks tend to be unpredictable and, at times, intimidating creatures. Plus, they will eat everything if needed. Scientists initially believe this species of shark was only found in this lake, but they soon discovered that people had seen the same sharks in the Caribbean Sea. These astonishing creatures not only cross a distance of over 120 miles to get here, but can also adapt to freshwater, something not all fish can do. Belize's great blue hole may seem alluring to divers. I mean, it has a gorgeous deep blue color and is pretty close to the mainland, about 62 miles. The problem is that beneath the surface of these tranquil waters is a mixed-up series of tunnels which contain many types of coral and other wildlife. These caves are what makes diving through the great blue hole tricky. More so, specialists discovered that deeper into the waters there are fewer and fewer creatures. Why? Because of a hidden layer of hydrogen sulfide that spans over the whole width of the sinkhole. Since there's no oxygen, no creature can ever survive this deep into the hole. Lake Lanier is the largest lake in the state of Georgia. It has a lot of visitors each year, about 11 million. So that's about the same number as visiting the Louvre Museum in Paris. Despite its popularity, a lot of accidents happen on this lake and nobody knows for sure why. One of the explanations may lie beneath the surface of this mysterious lake. There's a lot of debris and rubble in there, along with random objects that have been tossed in, like boats, lawn chairs, and even fishing wire. All this creates a tricky underwater obstacle course. With the added low visibility on the surface of the lake, this place can become risky to navigate. Another one of those lakes that looks like someone might have overdone with editing is the Grand Prismatic Spring, located in Yellowstone National Park, which stretches into the states of Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. Swimming here is completely prohibited. Why? It's 189 degrees Fahrenheit in the center, almost close to boiling temperatures, and the outermost ring reaches around 131, hence the collars. Since the center of the water is way too hot for any life to make it, there's nothing clouding the surface. The lack of any living organisms here creates that vivid blue that looks almost painted over. On the small Mediterranean island of Cyprus, there's not a lot of rain during the summer. That's why some bodies of water here become so dry that in certain areas, they get covered in a layer of baked salt. It's the case for the Larnaca salt lake. Don't be fooled by the eerie landscape. These lands can easily become a trap. That's because it's easy to get confused about what's actually a dry surface and what's just a thin layer of salt on top of water or mud. Or so, underneath the crust are salt crystals, which can cause problems for people's skin. Samesan Hole is one of the most dangerous places to swim in the whole of Thailand. It's because it's very deep, reaching 280 feet and gets extremely dark. At certain points, as divers get lower, they can even reach places with zero visibility. No wonder a lot of people get confused and can't seem to find their way up anymore. The largest lake in Africa and the third largest lake in the entire world is called Lake Victoria. Not all of its waters are unsafe for people, but some regions can rapidly cause problems. Why? Particularly because it has its own isolated weather system, and that makes the weather really unreliable. It can go from bright and sunny to terrible in a matter of seconds. I mean, who would want to get caught swimming in the middle of a storm, right? Pustoyee Lake is located in Siberia, so I'm guessing I don't need to tell you the waters here get extremely cold. But if you look at the lake, there's nothing out of the ordinary with these waters. Hmm, is that completely true? Most likely not, and people tend to avoid swimming here at all costs, even if they can resist the freezing cold waters. So what makes Lake Pustoyee so mysterious and dangerous? Well, nothing seems to want to live here, and scientists have yet to discover why. They tried to fill the lake with many types of fish and various plant species to see if they could survive in the waters. But the results were disappointing. Since we don't know exactly what makes it so difficult to survive here, don't go running for your swimming trunks just yet. It's best if you stay away. Hey, you don't have to tell me twice. That's it for today. So hey, if you passified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your friends. Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side! </s> |
<s>[INST] A Teenager Found Long Lost Mayan City [/INST] So, imagine you're 15 and you get bored of playing video games. Instead, to pass the time, you decide to give some attention to an old hobby of yours. Tracking down lost Mayan cities. You've heard that some ancient civilizations are said to have built entire cities based on constellations, so you decide to check out whether that was true for the Mayans. You find a book containing all the constellations the Mayan civilization believed to exist. You open good old Google Maps and map every ancient Mayan city discovered today. You start seeing that this information actually matches, and truly, the biggest ancient Mayan cities correspond to the brightest and biggest stars of the Mayan constellations. Okay, this is getting interesting. You manage to map out over 100 ancient cities when you suddenly notice something strange. There's an area in the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico where archaeologists have on Earth two Mayan cities. But on the constellation map, there are three stars. Could this mean there is a long lost city waiting to be discovered nearby? You might think this sounds too daydreaming, but the story is actually true. The previous account happened to a Canadian teenager named William Gaddery. The boy is known as a science genius and had even won an award for the constellation theory we presented just now. When he noticed that a third city was missing from the 23rd constellation he was examining, he began to scour the internet for satellite pictures that could help him solve this mystery. He looked into images from NASA, JAXA, a Japan-based satellite company, and Google Earth. These images were still insufficient to answer his questions, so he reached out to a friend inside the Canadian Space Agency. His friend provided him with state-of-the-art satellite imagery that gave him the answer he was looking for. According to the images, there is a large square area right on the border of Mexico and Belize, which looks like the remains of a city. William took the images to a remote sensing expert known as Dr. Armin Laroch from the University of New Brunswick. They studied the images thoroughly and concluded that the area could be housing 30 buildings and even a large pyramid. The scientific and archaeological community went crazy with the 15-year-olds discovered. Could this really be true? Some background. Lost Mayan cities began to be unearthed in the mid-20th century. Since then, ruins from cities such as Tikal, Palinique, and Uxmal have been rediscovered. The Mayans were one of the biggest pre-Columbian civilizations living in the Americas. They began to settle in the area as early as 1500 BCE. Experts believe that, at its height, the Mayan civilization consisted of over 40 cities, with a population of millions of people. That's a crowd. And their cities were pretty interesting. Their civilization spanned over Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, Guatemala, and Belize. They survived mainly on agriculture, so they developed a complex irrigation system in most of their cities. They built a series of ceremonial buildings, pyramids, plazas, and even courts for ball games. The Mayans were keen pyramid builders, but they also developed an advanced astronomical system. With whatever ancient technology they had, they were able to predict the exact location of planets, such as Venus and Mars, and they were able to predict the exact dates of eclipses. That's why the methodology William used to discover this long-lost Mayan city was unusual, but not completely surreal. The Mayans were keen astronomers, so it wouldn't be too strange that they built their major architectural feats in relation to the sky, would it? And they wouldn't be the first ones to be doing so. There is a famous fringe of Egyptology dedicated to studying how the Giza pyramids were built in perfect alignment with the Orion constellation, meaning that each pyramid was purposely built to align with one of the major stars of Orion's belt. According to William, he first had the idea to look at the Mayan constellations because he couldn't understand why the Mayans built their cities where they built them. Most major cities such as Chichen Itza and Uxmal aren't near any rivers or significant bodies of water. Instead, they're built on marginal lands and on top of mountains, which confused the 15-year-old. His next thought was that it might have something to do with astronomy. William named the new city he discovered, Mouth of Fire, which is also my nickname, and he even won a merit award for his hard work. However, his theory was very much contested inside the archaeological community, and many Mayan experts worked to debunk William's findings. Some archaeologists say that constellation theories are too unscientific. Anthony Avani, a renowned anthropologist and astronomer, referred to William's methodology as an act of creative imagination. He explained that there is no way to be sure what the Mayan constellations really were. It was all just hypothetical. Another debunking of William's findings came from Mayanist David Stewart, who said that the object identified on the satellite imagery is nothing but an old cornfield. His claim was supported by an expedition that took place near the area in 2021, when the archaeologists present reported there was nothing at all in this area. Still, a 15-year-old boy almost found a long lost Mayan city, which is pretty exciting if you ask me. Similar techniques, as those used by William, are actually being used to unearth lost civilizations all over the world. According to space archaeologist Sarah Parke, satellite imagery has been a key player in discovering ancient cities in Egypt and other places. Sarah herself spends most of her days scouring images for any sign of where there could have been cities long ago. What happens, she says, is that any time you have something buried, it's going to be covered either by vegetation, soil or sand, or some other modern construction on top of it. In order to assess whether there is something hidden under large canopies of vegetation or not, she uses infrared technology, for instance. A major recent discovery in Brazil was done in a similar way. Satellite imagery detected a network of trenches dating back to 200 to 1200 CE. These suggest settlements that could have supported around 60,000 people. But in this case, the satellite imagery did indeed correspond to what was on the ground. Researchers from the University of Florida found several mounds that were accompanied by ditches and geoglyphs. Archaeologists also found remnants of carefully designed walls, centered around closets, much like the type of construction done by the ancient Mayans. Advances in satellite tech have also shed new light on long-discovered ancient Mayan cities such as Ticol. Located in the heart of the Guatemalan jungle, Ticol is believed to have been the capital of the ancient Mayan Empire. At its height, it was comparable in importance to cities such as London or New York in today's world. It was composed of a series of complex monuments. Many of them believed to have been the resting places of kings and chiefs. Ticol is already known to have been big, but recent discoveries show it could have been even three times larger than what scientists originally believed. The main discovery revolves around a fortification on the outskirts of the city, indicating how far the original city stretched. And new discoveries still take place. In 2017, researchers also unearthed new clues regarding the potential causes of the decline of the Mayan civilization. Using data from a site in Seawall, located 62 miles southwest of Ticol, scientists analyzed radiocarbon data from ceramics and archeological excavations to extract new information about the sudden demise of this great civilization. The information shows that instead of a sudden collapse, the Mayans most likely collapsed in waves of social instability and political crises. These events are believed to have deteriorated Mayan city centers and began causing the dispersion of the Mayan population. Well, it seems like it's a prime time to uncover ancient ruins. What do you say? Will you give it a try as well? Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. </s> |
<s>[INST] Why Sailors Starved Rather Than Eat Fish [/INST] Yo ho ho, a pirate's life for me! Let me stop you right there. If you think being a pirate or a sailor back in the old days was so cool, here's the harsh truth. It was not all about singing sea shanties and embarking on epic voyages across the seven seas to find the Fountain of Youth or caves filled with gold. It wasn't actually that cool being at sea all the time, and I have five compelling reasons to prove you so. Let's dive in, pun intended. Now imagine this. You're so excited. You've been waiting for this day to come, and finally, it's official. You're going to become a real sailor. The captain tells you to get ready because the next day, you're going to set sail on a journey that is expected to take somewhere around six months, if you're lucky that is, because storms and singing mermaids could complicate things. You pack a few things. Now, let's pause this daydream for a quick second because here comes problem number one. What I mean by packing a few things is just the clothes on your bath. Sailors would only have one set of clothes that they almost never washed during the entire voyage. That's because they believed that dirt and grease would protect them from winds and rains. Okay, back to the thought experiment. You kiss your family goodbye and head to the port where your new home is waiting. One of your crew members not so warmly welcomes you on the deck and shows you where you'll be sleeping. This makes you start doubting your choice of becoming a sailor in the first place, because after seeing it, you're certain that this is not going to be a five-star hotel comfort level kind of experience. So, here's problem number two. The ships were absolutely crammed. Back in the day, sailors would have to accept living in such conditions, whether they were working for a big name like Christopher Columbus or not. The Nenia and the Pinta were two of Columbus's ships and the best sailing vessels of their time. Yet again, this didn't change the fact that they were so small that men had no place to sleep. Which gives us problem number three. Having to sleep next to one another on a crowded deck where they could barely move was not so great for sailors' health conditions, and going below deck to escape the snoring of their fellow shipmates was not an option because there was no fresh air there. In addition, you could always come across a rat there. So, kiss personal hygiene goodbye, and in case you're wondering how rats got there, those little rascals are actually good swimmers. Also, sailors were at sea no matter the season or the weather, so they were often cold and wet, which also made it hard for them to stay healthy and strong. Speaking of health conditions brings us to problem number four, and it's food and hunger. Sailors didn't have their own mini-fridges with different kinds of condiments back then, like the compartments luxury cruises have these days. So, they had to come up with ways to store enough food that would last for months or even years. Due to that, their food options were limited. It definitely wasn't like the food prepared by Michelin star chefs. One of the most common food options on ships was salted meat, which wasn't as chewy as you might imagine. Or a biscuit called hardtack, also called sheep iron or worm castles, and there's a reason for all these creative nicknames. Hardtack was essentially a mix of water and flour baked into a cardboard flavored cracker. They were brick like, and the only way they could be eaten was if they were softened with water. If only sailors could dip them in their afternoon tea, right? Sometimes these biscuits would still be extremely dense. Then sailors would have to slam their fists down on them to break them into smaller pieces to be able to eat the stuff. As long as hardtack was kept dry, it rarely got spoiled. The sailors would be able to eat them after a year if they had any left, but most of the time it would be extremely hard to keep them dry inside wooden casks. And then they would get infested with bugs that would leave small holes behind. However, sailors would still eat them anyway. Have to take protein from somewhere. By now, you might have figured out that there were no fruits or vegetables in a sailors diet. This caused vitamin deficiency in many sailors. So those toothless pirates and sailors in the movies you see? Yup, it's all because of poor nutrition, and the iron hard crackers probably didn't help either. But when sailors ran out of food, not having a balanced diet was probably the least of their concerns. Back in the old times, a voyage could take way longer than expected due to weather conditions. There could be no winds to push the ship further, or a powerful storm could shake the ship and the waves and water could destroy the food storage. So when such a situation happened, sailors could easily run out of food. Now they could throw the net into the ocean and catch some fish, right? But sailors didn't eat fish even in the face of starvation. Many captains mentioned this in their logbooks, which were basically captains' diaries. The problem was not that sailors couldn't get fish. In fact, many different kinds of fish were caught in their nets, but they had to throw them all back into the sea. During the exploration era, Antonio Pigafetta mentioned in his logbook that the ship's crew caught an unbelievable amount of fish, but they didn't eat any of them. Also, in the same journal, he mentioned that 40 of the sailors lost their lives. Naturally, sailors thought that only poisonous fish were dangerous. And because of that, they were inclined to eat only the fish they knew, but even a well-cooked tuna could be poisonous, and they had to learn it the hard way. But it's not like they didn't have any methods to check fish. Spanish sailors, for example, put silver coins on it. If the silver changed color, they considered those fish to be poisonous, therefore, inedible. So, they would toss them overboard. Other sailors would place the fish they caught on the deck and observe if flies or other insects came to feast on it. If they didn't land on the fish, this meant that it was poisonous. But if insects did come, they considered it safe to eat. The problem of eating fish caught in the open sea dates back to as early as the 7th century BCE. Imperial healers in ancient China knew that eating fish was the reason why some sailors lost their lives. But they could prove that the fish were poisonous, and a mystery remained unsolved up until the 19th century. In 1886, a Cuban doctor finally figured out that some fish contained poison in their tissues and muscles. Even though they were considered a safe to eat breed. That kind of poison is actually something that is found in plankton. Some fish can eat this plankton without being affected. They store it in their bodies. And as they grow, the rate of the poison increases within them. And this is something that doesn't go away no matter how long one cooks the fish. If you still think that life at sea back in the old days sounds exciting, this fifth problem will convince you otherwise. Let's say you've managed to get along with your roommates, stay clean and healthy, and eat regularly. But there's always a risk of getting caught by pirates, and they didn't ask for things kindly. So, if you didn't want to end up as food for sharks, you would have to raise the white flag and simply join them. Not the career you were planning, right? Good luck scrubbing the deck for the rest of your life. </s> |
<s>[INST] Planes Have a Secret Engine + 10 Cool Facts About Transportation [/INST] Pilots can't eat similar meals when they're working. Imagine that you're on a trans-oceanic flight. The airplane is flying over the Pacific Ocean. Flight attendants deliver the dinner meals. Everyone is enjoying the pasta. The sauce tastes a bit funny though. Hmm, that's probably okay. After all, you are eating an aircraft meal. It can't taste like a five-star's chef plate. Time goes by. Oh no, you were right! Something was indeed wrong with the food. But if all the passengers have the same problem, so do the pilots. To prevent both of them being out of order, pilots are advised not to eat the same meal at the same time. In such a scenario, if one pilot feels bad, the other one can take over. I mean, this is not an imperative rule stated by the Federal Aviation Administration, but most airlines make their own rules about this matter. Flight attendants have access to hidden equipment, such as a defibrillator, supplemental oxygen, a fire extinguisher, and duct tape. But probably the most interesting gear they have is handcuffs. These objects are there to protect passengers from others, and sometimes from themselves. Turns out that flight attendants have everything they need to defuse a troublemaker. Aviator sunglasses look cool on pilots in movies, but in real life, they don't wear polarized glasses. First off, they have a glare-reducing effect. This can cause some trouble in the cockpit. A pilot has to read instruments, but the stuff in the cockpit, such as LCD displays, emits polarized light. So a pilot with those cool polarized glasses can't read the displays with 100% efficiency. Pilots shouldn't wear these glasses simply because of safety concerns. Imagine a shimmer of glare coming from another plane's windscreen, but the pilot missed the sign because of polarized sunglasses. Ever noticed a hole in the tail of an airplane? Well, most commercial airplanes have it. Next time you get into an airplane, take a closer look. The hole has a fancy name, auxiliary power unit. It looks like a hole from the outside, but that is actually a hidden turbine engine. Most of the time, the APU will remain off for the entire flight. It will start working when the plane lands. It provides power to the cabin lights, air conditioning, and cockpit electronics. Don't underestimate the APU's power, though. It can also provide the power required to start the main engines. You've watched a Bright Side video and learned what the APU is, a perfect icebreaker. Unfortunately, you're not in a chatty mood. You just want to take the plane, land, and start your vacation. Yet again, there is only one door to board. You are at the end of a queue. Why don't planes generally have multiple doors? According to the experts, the biggest issue is that the bridge takes up a lot of space. When an aircraft is loaded from the front and the rear, it takes up two slots. This is not ideal for the administrators. Newly remodeled or constructed terminals tend to have dual boarding compared to the older terminals. Change of scenery. Let's jump into a cruise ship. There are hidden passageways and secret doors and ships. These secrets are from an insider. Staff on the ship mostly work in their designated area. How does a worker get from one place to another without using the stairs and doors that the passengers use? There is a network of corridors and stairs all around the ship, used only by the crew. I mean it when I say secret doors. They blend with the walls, so they go undetected by those who don't know where the door is. Maybe you can stumble by accident. Here's a clue. Pay attention to the walls near the guest stairs. Try to think of those gigantic cruise ships as floating metals. This leads me to a cruise cabin fun fact. The walls of the cruise ship cabin are magnetic. Imagine you're traveling to multiple countries on board a cruise ship. A single month voyage. You collect destination themed magnets and decorate your cabin. True cruise fans know this magnet magic, so they put a couple of magnetic hooks into their luggage. Need tip. Use magnetic hooks to add extra storage in your cabin. Hang clothes and accessories, postcards or hats. Speaking of ships, why do some ships and boats have small holes constantly releasing water? To keep the bilge free of water. Water builds up over time inside the bilge. And the bilge pump automatically pumps the water out again. Ships don't have headlights. Using a headlight could prevent accidents. If they work for cars, why not for ships? Headlights are the source of light, but the light that comes out of them bounces back at the light source at some point. With cars, for instance, headlights work because the area you want lit is narrow and you can easily take action if you see an obstacle on the road. For ships, this is super hard. The light source should be powerful enough to light the area the captain wants to see. Large cargo ships, for instance, need more than a mile to stop or take action. Plus, imagine how much brighter should the ship's light be to light the whole area in front of it. They do see each other with different sorts of lights called navigation lights. These are small, but practical. They arrange it in a standardized way so that ships could see each other. The exciting thing is that they don't just notice one another in the dark. They also understand each other's movements and directions. Here's an example. Imagine a ship with two nav lights. The one on the front is lower, near the ship floor. The other one on the back is high up. This means the vessel goes to the right. It can safely pass by the other ships without hitting them. Trains don't have seatbelts. A bit weird. Every time there is a crash related to trains, this matter comes up. Pretty much nowhere in the world seatbelts are used on trains. Various studies have been made about this issue. Some of them created simulations of accidents, and the results were surprising. Using a seatbelt on a train could potentially increase the number of injuries. In cars, seatbelts are highly effective in protecting the passenger and are used all the time. The logic behind the seatbelt is to protect the person when a collision causes rapid deceleration. But trains carry so much momentum that they don't stop rapidly. On a plane, passengers use a seatbelt on takeoff during landing and if turbulence occurs. There are no such things for trains. Entering and leaving a station is not a high risk. Experts believe focusing and making investments are other ways to improve railway safety. Now, you are traveling by train. You look outside the window. There are small stones along the railway tracks to accompany you on the journey. Those stones are formerly known as track ballast. They do a very important job. They provide support to and maintain the tracks. They're not there by mere coincidence, though. Now look at the stones closer. You can notice that there is no single smoothly cut stone on the tracks, because they're not regular stones randomly poured at the rails. Each rock has sharp, in abrupt edges. Sharp edges hold onto each other. They protect the railroad from harsh concussions. They facilitate water drainage in heavy rain and keep down the grass and other weeds. Now imagine replacing those with round pedals. They will slide down. Eventually, the ballast will spread out and tracks will fall apart. The last thing you would want, especially if you were a passenger on that train. That's it for today. So hey, if you passified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your friends. Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side! </s> |
<s>[INST] I Asked AI to Control My Life, Here's What Happened [/INST] zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz the alarm went off. Today is the day. I let the AI control every single thing I do. But for one day only. Let's see if the bot can help me survive through this day, shall we? I grab my laptop, open chat GPT, and type in the most important question any homosapiens can ask the AI in the morning. What should I have for breakfast? The chat bot says, good morning. How about some scrambled eggs with toast and avocado on the side? Or if you're in the mood for something sweet, you could make some pancakes or waffles with fresh food and syrup. Another option could be a breakfast burrito with scrambled eggs, cheese, and your choice of meat or veggies. Hope that helps. Huh, this artificial dude talking to me is pretty sweet. And the menu he suggested is pretty good. Still, I grab my usual cup of coffee and ignore the chatbot's piece of advice. I mean, who's got time to cook all those delicacies in the morning? I brush my teeth, took a shower, and now I gotta choose something to wear. Chatbot, need your help. What should I wear today? That depends on what your plans are for the day and the weather. If it's hot outside, you might want to wear something light and breathable like shorts and a t-shirt. If it's cooler, you could go for jeans and a sweater. If you have any specific events or activities planned, you may want to dress accordingly. Ultimately, wear whatever makes you feel comfortable and confident. Yeah, that makes sense and stuff, but it's not that informative. By the way, the weather's awesome today and I don't really feel like working today. Hey, maybe I should skip work today. What do you think, Mr. GPT? As an AI language model, I don't have access to your work schedule or responsibilities. It's best to check with your employer or supervisor to see if you need to go to work today. Nah, that's boring. You know what? Chatbot is just like my mom. She always says the very same thing, except she's not an AI language model. Okay, Chatbot, maybe you can at least invent a decent lie to tell my boss. I'm sorry, but as an AI language model, I cannot assist you in inventing a lie to tell your boss. It's important to be honest with your employer and communicate any changes in your availability or schedule as soon as possible. If you need to take a day off, it's best to be upfront and provide a valid reason for your absence. Nah, this Chatbot is like those boring kids at school. Whatever. Yeah, GPT is a cool thing if you have some actual, not a rhetorical question. It can give you a nice recipe, help with homework, or even your work project. But once you start talking to the Chatbot as if it were a real person, it says, as an AI language model, and all the fun fades away. Yeah, I definitely didn't expect it to be boring. That's it for today. So hey, if you passified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your friends. If you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side! </s> |
<s>[INST] A Man Who Stuck for 3 Days at the Bottom of the Ocean [/INST] We've heard stories about people surviving in the desert, Amazon forest, and uninhabited islands for weeks. Such stories show how tough and resilient people can be. But among these many cases, there is one that can really amaze you. It's the story about a guy who spent three days inside a sunken ship at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. He didn't have oxygen tanks, electricity, communications, or food. But he survived. So it all happened in 2013 on a tugboat that was moving through the Atlantic waters along the coast of Nigeria. That day, early in the morning, there was a small storm. The tug was pulling a vessel with oil tanks. Then, all of a sudden, a huge wave formed. It crashed into the ship and broke the cable. At 4.30 am, the tugboat turned upside down. Its entire deck was underwater, and the ship's hulls stuck out from the surface. But both began to sink slowly. The crew of 12 people were trapped, as they all were in their locked rooms. They had closed the doors in their cabins as a precaution, since there were many pirates in those waters. Because of the locked rooms, they couldn't get out. But one of them, Cook Harrison Okina, was in the bathroom during this time. The bathroom turned over. Harrison fell on the ceiling. All the clothes and toilet shelves fell on his head. He was stunned and didn't understand what was happening. He heard the screams of the other crew members. He realized that the ship was sinking. Harrison struggled to his feet. Holding onto the walls, he slowly went out of the cabin. The water level rose above his head. Harrison took a deep breath. He intuitively, driven by fear, reached the engineering room. It was a small pocket with air. This space wasn't wholly flooded, since the water didn't get there, and the air hadn't come out. Harrison realized that this was the safest place for him at that moment. He had no fresh water and no food. He was in a cold, damp room. The floor was flooded, and Harrison's feet began to freeze. There was almost no chance of survival. The man found a soda bottle inside the room, and a life jacket with two flashlights attached to it. By this time, the ship had descended to the bottom of the ocean, at a depth of 100 feet. This is about the height of a 10-story building. The ship's hull was squeezed and made a grinding noise due to the pressure of the water. Then, Harrison heard a strange movement outside the door. It was sharks and other fish that were investigating the deck. At this point, Harrison began to lose hope. Lack of food supplies and pressure weren't the main problems. The air pocket was small, which meant there was little oxygen. Every 24 hours, an average person consumes about 350 cubic feet of air, which means Harrison had less than one day left to breathe. But despite this, he lived in such conditions for about 60 hours. This happened thanks to the water. The pressure around the ship was so intense that it compressed the air by about four times. Another problem was the cook's breathing. When we inhale, we absorb oxygen. When we exhale, we release carbon dioxide. This substance is dangerous to your health if its concentration in the air is 5%. Harrison slowly filled the room with carbon dioxide, and he couldn't get out. With each hour, it became harder to breathe, but here again, he was lucky. The water absorbs carbon dioxide, and Harrison moved and splashed it in different directions. Thus, unknowingly, he increased the water area and kept the carbon dioxide level below critical. But even here, his dangers were not over. Hypothermia may occur in a dark, cold room. It's a condition when your body temperature drops below 95 degrees Fahrenheit. You get cold, and your perception of the world gets distorted. You don't understand where you are and what's going on. You may lose your memory and even experience terminal burrowing. This weird behavior occurs during hypothermia when a person tries to find a small shelter, even if they're in a closed room. They can even start digging the cold floor with their bare hands. At the same time, a person quickly freezes and loses consciousness within two hours. Harrison's room was filled from below with icy water. He wouldn't have survived in such conditions if he had stayed on the floor for several hours. But he managed to build a small platform with a mattress. This kept him slightly above the water level. With each passing hour, fear and despair more and more bound the survivor's mind. He couldn't get out for many reasons. One of them was that only a little sunlight passes to such a depth, and Harrison couldn't see it. The soda bottle was almost empty and the flashlight stopped working. The man found himself in pitch darkness, but his salvation was close. While rescuers were searching for survivors nearby, he was thinking about his family and life. Harrison noticed rays of light through a hole in the wreckage. Divers were examining the seabed. It was the only chance to survive. Harrison came out of the air pocket and swam towards the rescuers. He was making his way through the darkness. The ray of light coming from the diver's flashlight disappeared. Harrison tried blindly to find the diver, but they were at the other end of the deck. His oxygen was running out, so Harrison decided to return. There was almost no air left in his lungs. He began to suffocate, but still got to the rescue room. The main thing was not to despair. It was his only chance for salvation. After catching his breath and replenishing the oxygen supply in his lungs, Harrison made a second attempt. He got out of the room and noticed the diver. He swam towards them with all of his might. The lifeguard didn't see Harrison, so the cook knocked on his neck from behind and grabbed his hand tightly. The diver was initially scared, but he realized a living person was in front of him. Harrison swam to his room and led the lifeguard as his oxygen ran out. You can easily find a recording from the diver's camera on the internet, where the frightened Harrison was in his rescue room during a meeting with the diver. The rescuers gave him an oxygen mask. They didn't believe there was a living person in front of them. Harrison couldn't immediately get to the surface because of the pressure. He spent about 60 hours on the seabed, so he needed to change the pressure level slowly to prevent damage to his health. Therefore, the divers put him in a decompression chamber to gradually reduce the external pressure. Then, when Harrison got out, he saw the stars. The cook thought that he had been at the bottom of the ocean all day, so he was surprised when he found out that he had been underwater for 60 hours. Also, he thought that all the crew members had forgotten about him and left the ship at the beginning. Many years have passed since then, but Harrison still has nightmares about his air room. Sometimes he wakes up in the middle of the night and tells his wife that the bed is sinking, and they're now at sea. A similar case occurred in 1991 with scuba diver Michael Proudfoot. He was studying a sunken submarine off the coast of Baja, California. During this dive, he accidentally broke his breathing regulator and deprived himself of oxygen reserves. Michael couldn't get to the surface because he was too deep. He wouldn't have had enough air in his lungs. Fortunately, the diver found an air pocket inside the ship. He swam there and waited for rescuers. For two days, he was underwater in complete darkness. He ate raw sea urchins and drank a small amount of warm water from a found pot. Fortunately, rescuers found him. Michael Proudfoot got out of the trap and stayed alive. </s> |
<s>[INST] This Is How You Can Use ChatGPT to the Fullest [/INST] Nowadays, it seems like everyone in the world has a new best friend who helps them with their schoolwork or jobs, answers whatever question occupies their mind, and even gives life advice if they need any. And the best part is this friend is always within reach. But who is it? Or more like, what is it? It's none other than chatGBT, of course. But there's a catch. You need to ask the right questions or choose the right words when chatting with it. In other words, you need to lead it in a certain direction to get solid answers. And don't be fooled by how simple that sounds. Trust me, writing on-point prompts is trickier than it looks. But I've got you covered. Here are some awesome tips that will help you get the best results from your conversations. First things first, always a good place to start. ChatGBT is smart, but it can't read your mind. That's why you need to be as clear, specific, and concise as possible in your questions or instructions. This helps it understand the extent of your requests further, thereby providing more relevant responses. For example, tell me about exercising is probably not a great prompt that will help you get a detailed and satisfying answer. Instead, it is better to ask, can you tell me what the health benefits of doing exercise are? Secondly, avoid writing ambiguous terms in your prompts. The more context you provide to chatGBT, the better. By doing this, you'll be helping it understand the topic you're writing about more accurately. Let's say you want to ask ChatGBT if it can write some song lyrics for you. Instead of just asking, can you write me a song? You can include information about what you want the theme of your song to be, what music genre you have in mind for the potential song, and so on. The third tip I have for you is to avoid asking simple yes or no questions, because that will only give you generic and simple answers. On the other hand, if you ask open-ended questions that begin with what, why, how, or could you explain, it's more likely that you'll get a much more nuanced and personalized response. For example, instead of asking, is pizza any good? Perhaps the dumbest question in the world, wouldn't you agree? Try asking instead, what are the popular types of pizza all around the world? The fourth tip I have is kind of a suggestion. ChatGBT is not a human, and get over it. But that still doesn't make using slang and inappropriate words okay when writing props. Yeah, it probably won't get confused, shocked, or offended if you use such language. After all, it is an AI language model, which has the ability to understand and process a wide range of language styles. However, ChatGBT itself says that it may not always provide appropriate responses to such language. Don't believe me? Ask it yourself. And if there's even the slightest chance that a sci-fi movie like Future awaits us, it might be a good idea to treat it with kindness and respect. You know, stay on ChatGBT's good side just in case the Terminator shows up. As for the fifth tip, once you send a question and ChatGBT doesn't give you an answer to your liking, don't give up on it just yet. Try editing your prompt with new and more relevant keywords to help ChatGBT better understand what you're looking for and focus on the critical elements of your question. But sometimes things might get too much for ChatGBT too. And I don't mean the fact that it receives around 10 million inquiries per day. If your question is something too complex, like how to set up an online store and promote it, it's better to break it down into two questions. If you ask something like, what step shall I take to set up an online store to be followed by what are some effective advertising strategies for an online store, ChatGBT will be able to give you a more detailed response. In addition, you can also ask ChatGBT follow-up questions to clarify a response or even expand on it. For example, if your initial question is something like, hmm, what are the benefits of using AI tools? You can always expand on it with another question, such as, can you provide specific examples of how AI tools can be used in copywriting? The ChatGBT model is called artificial intelligence for a reason. It's always learning and improving, and it can learn how to respond to you better according to the directions you will give. So my seventh tip for you is to give it feedback. Let it get to know you and what you want out of your chat with it. If you think the response you get for your prompt is not what you were expecting, let the model know so that it can understand what went wrong and generate a new and improved response. For instance, let's say you ask ChatGBT to create a social media post about a product you're selling. However, you think the response you got is lacking a sincere tone. You can tell ChatGBT exactly that so it can regenerate the text for you. But remember to always be kind. Getting harsh criticism is not easy for anyone. Maybe you promised to send in some chocolate. My eighth tip is don't be afraid to experiment. You literally can't go wrong. It's not like you can only ask a limited number of questions to ChatGBT. So if you're feeling stuck or bored, let ChatGBT inspire you. Try asking it to generate several types of content, such as stories, poems, jokes, or even images. What we used to call pictures. Even if you don't get anything useful out of your experimental chat, it sure will be fun to see what the model will produce. Here are some examples of fun prompts for you to try. Write a fanfiction about the Hunger Games saga, but include a Hogwarts wizard as one of the tributes. Pertend you're a rapper who has to sing an aria at the opera. Explain to me how you feel before you walk to the stage. Create a game in which the main character is a failed sorcerer's apprentice who accidentally turns their master into a potato. Last but not least, do your research on ChatGBT. Learn what you can get out of it as well as what you can. ChatGBT certainly has its limitations. The model cannot go beyond the knowledge and information that has been fed into its database. It's also not capable of understanding sarcasm or ironing, which can sometimes lead to inaccurate or inappropriate responses. It lacks real-world experience. It cannot draw from emotions or feelings to generate responses. It can only use text-based inputs and cannot process visual or auditory inputs. Language and cultural barriers still apply since it may not be familiar with certain cultural contexts. But these limitations don't change the fact that it's a technological marvel. As long as you get the hang of writing effective prompts, the things you can achieve with ChatGBT are endless. So here are some cool things you can do with ChatGBT that you might not be aware of yet. You can get your answers from ChatGBT in a tabular form if you ask for it. It's even possible to have them produced in a standard format that other programs such as Microsoft Excel can understand. You can use ChatGBT to create prompts for other AI tools, such as Dolly. It can translate text into other languages and check grammar and punctuation mistakes for you. You can get it to explain difficult scientific concepts to you or simplify hard-to-understand texts. ChatGBT can help you make new recipes, get ready for family dinners, plan for vacations, create playlists, give you exercise programs, and help you live your best life. You'll be able to create a new and more effective CV with ChatGBT's help. Careful prompting will even allow you to get answers from ChatGBT in the style of your favorite author. Now, before I leave you rushing to ChatGBT's website to try everything you've just heard, you need to know prompt engineering is actually becoming a specialized skill of its own. So, if you really get the hang of it, who knows? Maybe you'll be the number one employee every company wants to hire, because even ChatGBT needs a director. </s> |
<s>[INST] Life Afloat_ 8 Ingenious Offshore Structures [/INST] It's safe to say humans do their share of attempting the impossible, right? I mean, we've landed on the moon, built underground cities, and for some time now, we've been fascinated with building stuff on the water. Let's take a look at some of these masterpieces, shall we? You might think people developed the technology to build things on the water only recently, but travel all the way to the Bay of Couture in the country of Montenegro and you'll see that it's far from true. This beautiful human-made island is said to have begun with fishers throwing rocks in the middle of the lake, always in the same spot. This gave constructors enough leverage when they finally decided to raise a building in the middle of the bay. Also known as Lady of the Rocks, this stone structure is one of Montenegro's prized jewels. Tourists visit this place all year round and getting there is only half the fun. Tourists need to hop on a fast ferry where they'll enjoy the wondrous view of the bay and mainland Montenegro. Do stop by if you're ever in the region. Now if we look for monuments built on the water, then it probably won't get much prettier than the Jal Mahal building in Jaipur, India. The structure translates as Water Palace. Its magnificent terracotta sandstone facade is reflected in Man's Sagar Lake in which the palace was built. The construction is five stories high. It was originally built in 1699 by an Indian Maharaja, aka an Indian Prince. It was quite an ambitious project considering the time when it was created. The palace is said to have a beautiful terrace. Once upon a time it had arched passages on it. The building has four domes in each of its corners, the architectural symbol of the period when it was built. Unfortunately the palace isn't open to visitors today, but you can still enjoy the view of the monument from the shore of the lake. And speaking of ambitions, this solution is quite surreal if you ask me. This so-called Freedom Cove located in British Columbia, Canada is a human-made island that will stun you. A couple once decided to move closer to nature. They gathered all their belongings and started building an island. Today you'll find the couple's home. A huge garden where they grow their own food, a dance floor, and even an art gallery there. All this was made out of reclaimed material, including the floaters on which they built the entire island. Those were donated by local fishers. According to Wayne, who built the island himself, these floaters are better than using wood. Wood tends to rot when in contact with water and often needs replacing. If you're curious and want to visit, you can always swing by the couple's art gallery and take a look at some of their art. It will surely make for a nice afternoon. You might have heard of Amsterdam's perks. I mean, yummy fries and struple waffles, of course, but also living in floating homes. When it comes to mastering this technology, there are few better than the Dutch. The Netherlands is located below sea level, so people had to adapt to these circumstances by using water in their favor. A new project known as Schoonship is a neighborhood of 30 floating houses. Instead of being connected by streets and alleyways, they're linked by streams and harbored in different areas of the canal. The houses were built on land and brought there by boat. According to the architects involved in the project, the weight of the houses is the most important thing to consider. If they're too heavy, they'll sink a little. The water will invade the building, but once you've got everything right, the result is amazing. The bright side of living on the water, according to one of the homeowners, is being in sync with nature. You might not think of it at first, but living on top of the water brings a lot of natural light into a home, since the water reflects light into the living spaces. Hmm, I'd like to be invited for tea at one of those homes, please. Living on the water can get really luxurious. Some of such projects spare no expense. It was the case with Burj Al Arab, one of the world's most luxurious hotels. It's located in Dubai. The hotel stands on an artificial island off the coast of Jomira Beach. You can get there by an impressive bridge over 900 feet long. The fact that the hotel is built on the water makes its pictures all the more beautiful, but the architects thought of something even more ingenious when they were building this masterpiece. If you look attentively, the shape of the building imitates the sail of a ship. The construction of this unique hotel took over five years, and it was led by a multi-disciplinary international team. In case you're wondering, this 56-story building cost over $2 billion to make. To spend your vacation here, you'll pay around $2,000 a night. Some say building on the water is a way of life. For instance, for Mark Even, a Portland native that owns a floating home construction company, this has been a reality since 1988. To him, building on the water is not only sustainable, but also practical, depending on your lifestyle. Mark himself was born a surfer, and having water as your own backyard is almost too good to be true. Mark's company, Even Construction, gets calls from all over the US. People want to have their custom-made floating abodes. But the logistics don't work this way, Mark says, so only lucky Portland dwellers get to order homes from him. It makes sense when you think of the complexity of moving a two-story floating house across the country. Moving it by water is too risky, and by air, too expensive. But take a look at these beauties. Now for some people, this way of living is a lifestyle. For others, it might be a necessity. This is the case with the Danish enterprise known as Urban Rigger. Constantly rising prices of student housing made it almost impossible for students to live near the city center. The solution was rather unexpected. Why not expand the city then, into the water? The enterprise consists of a new micro-floating district with fresh air, sea views, and modern comforts. The project had to be sustainable and still affordable. That's why the neighborhood is filled with young people and vibrant life. The project was designed in 2018 by world-renowned architects. To make it cheaper, they used containers to build the houses. Urban Riggers is made up of nine container units set together in a circle. There's a centralized courtyard for social events, all standing on a floating platform. The structure is buoyant and based on the same principles as a boat. Its creators say it's easy enough to replicate it in other parts of the city and even in other cities of the world. Now one of the perks of living on the water is the possibility to also live under it. Let me present the floating seahorse. You've probably heard of houseboats, but add some luxury to it and you'll get a water bound house as amazing as this one. This seaborn abode is part of a fleet of 130 similar homes constructed off the coast of Dubai. The best part? The bedroom is on the lowest floor, which means you sleep beneath the waves. And yes, these houses come equipped with huge windows overlooking coral reefs. This isn't your normal backyard view, I'd say. But that's not the only incredible feature of this place. The upper level boasts its own mini bar and hot tub. But if you're interested in acquiring one of these homes, you'll have to wait till 2025. But it sure will be worth the wait. Can you imagine throwing a party on board one of these things? </s> |