এই পাতায় উইকিপিডিয়ার নিবন্ধসমূহের পাদটীকা অধ্যায় কীভাবে তৈরি করতে হবে তা ব্যাখ্যা করা হয়েছে। এই প্রসঙ্গে, "পাদটীকা" শব্দটি বলতে একটি নিবন্ধের উৎসের নথিপত্র এবং স্পর্শিনী তথ্য প্রদানের উইকিপিডিয়া-নির্দিষ্ট পদ্ধতিকে বোঝানো হয়েছে এবং পাদটীকার সাধারণ ধারণার সাথে দ্বিধান্বিত হওয়া উচিত নয়। এই কীভাবে (হাও-টু) পাদটিকা অধ্যায়ে উদ্ধৃতি বিন্যাসের আওতাভূক্ত নয়, তা উৎসনির্দেশের মধ্যে পর্যালোচনা করা হয়। প্রদানের জন্য পাদটীকা সবচেয়ে বেশি ব্যবহৃত হয়:  নির্ভরযোগ্য তথ্যসূত্রের (বিবলিওগ্রাফিক উদ্ধৃতি) উৎস থেকে,  ব্যাখ্যামূলক তথ্য বা  টেবিল এবং অন্যান্য উপাদানের জন্য উৎস তথ্য।  The use of Footnotes is only one of several options for providing source information in the article. Other systems of inline citation, including  and , may be used at the editor's discretion in accordance with the guideline on Variation in citation methods.  Only certain types of material on the English Wikipedia are required to have an inline citation. There is no requirement to provide a citation for every sentence, because multiple sentences may be supported by the same footnote. For advice on which material should be cited, see the guidelines on When you must use inline citations, the Good article criteria and When to cite. For advice on how to organize and format bibliographic citations, see the guideline on Citing sources and examples of Citation templates.  Footnotes are created using the  software extension. This extension adds the HTML-like elements ,  and . The elements are also used in a number of templates; for example, it is becoming more common to use  rather than  as it can style the reference list.   সংক্ষিপ্ত বিবরণ   The Footnotes system shows two elements on the page:  A Footnote marker is displayed in the article's content as a bracketed, superscripted number, letter, or word. Examples shown respectively are: . This footnote label is linked to the full footnote. Clicking on the footnote marker jumps the page down to the footnote and highlights the citation. Hovering over a footnote marker will, depending on the user's settings, show a pop-up box containing the footnote.  A Footnote displays the full citation for the source. Together the footnotes are displayed in an ordered list wherever the reference list markup  is placed. Each entry begins with the footnote label in plain text. The entire reference list is formatted in a slightly smaller font.  Each successive footnote label is automatically incremented. Thus the first footnote marker would be , the second would be  and so on. Custom labels are also incremented: ,   . For a single use footnote, the label is followed by a caret (^) that is a backlink to the matching footnote marker. উদাহরণ স্বরূপ:  If a named footnote is used in the text multiple times, then the footnote has multiple backlinks shown as letters:  Clicking on the backlink or pressing backspace  returns to the footnote marker.   কর্ম মধ্যে পাদটিকা  This is a footnote marker.This is a footnote that contains a citation or note.   পাদটিকা: মৌলিকসমূহ  To create the footnote marker, determine the point in the page content where the marker is desired and enter the markup with the citation or note inside the  tags. উদাহরণ স্বরূপ:  The  template will be explained in the next section.  The content inside the  will show in the reference list. The ref tags can be added anywhere a citation or note is needed. There must be content inside the tags, else an error will show.   Ref tags should follow any punctuation (usually a period), not precede it; see উইকিপিডিয়া:REFPUNC. There should be no space between the punctuation and the tag:  The content of the ref tags can be formatted using most wikimarkup or HTML markup, although techniques such as the pipe trick and template substitution will not work in footnotes. উদাহরণ স্বরূপ:  The ref tag content may also contain an internal or external link:   তথ্যসূত্রের তালিকা: মৌলিকসমূহ  Once any number of footnotes have been inserted into the content, the reference list must be generated. For the basic reference list, add  wherever the list is desired. Once the page is saved and viewed, the footnotes will be automatically generated and numbered and the reference list will be generated. The main reference list is placed in a separate section, usually titled "References", "Notes" or the like.  নোটসমূহ   In some cases, a page has more than one reference list. Until 2014, multiple uses of  on the same page required use of a  parameter; that bug has been fixed and the parameter may safely be removed.  When editing,  may be seen instead of . This is valid, but  does not offer the advanced features of .   পাদটিকা: একটি উৎস একের অধিক ব্যবহার   You can cite the same source more than once on a page by using named footnotes. The syntax to define a named footnote is:  To invoke the named footnote:  The actual name used can be almost anything, but it is recommended that it have a connection to the citation or note. A common practice is to use the author-year or publisher-year for the reference name. This helps editors remember the name, by associating it with the information that is visible to the reader.  Note that the footnote labels are incremented in the order they are used, and that they use the same label when reused, thus the labels can seem out of order:  When using both names and groups, the syntax is:  Care should be taken when deleting references to avoid creating a cite error. See Avoiding common mistakes   তথ্যসূত্রের তালিকা: কলাম   When using , the list can be split into columns.  where xx is the column width in em. By setting the width in em, the number of columns will automatically be adjusted to the width of the display.  The set columns feature is now deprecated in favor of the options described above, which is better suited to flexible formatting for a variety of display screen sizes, ranging from mobile phones and tablets to wide-screen "cinema" displays. Forcing a fixed number of columns has been disabled in mobile view.  The number of columns to use is up to the editor, but some major practices include:   - 1 column (default): Where there are only a few ; see   : Where there are many footnotes plus a page-width Bibliography subsection: see   : Where  are used; see .  উদাহরণ স্বরূপ: Using  will create columns with a minimum width of 30 em,   তালিকা-সংজ্ঞায়িত তথ্যসূত্র   Some or all of the footnotes can also be defined within the reference section/list, and invoked in the page content. This keeps those citations in one central location and avoids cluttering the text (and any infobox). This is purely a source code changethe actual display of the citation in the text to a reader is unaffected. For a more detailed evaluation of this method, see উইকিপিডিয়া:LDRHOW. The syntax is:  {{সূত্র তালিকা|refs= <ref name=name1>Content</ref> <ref name=name2>Content</ref> <ref name=name...n>Content</ref> }}  or, alternatively,  <references> <ref name=name1>Content</ref> <ref name=name2>Content</ref> <ref name=name...n>Content</ref> </references>  The footnote markers are included as usual for a named footnote. উদাহরণ স্বরূপ:  The references will be numbered, and appear in the output, in the order that they are first referred to in the content, regardless of their order within the list. All references in reference list must be referenced in the content, otherwise an error message will be shown.   পাদটিকা: এম্বেডিং তথ্যসূত্র   Explanatory notes may need to be referenced. Because of limitations in the  software, reference tags cannot be nested; that is, a set of  tags cannot be placed inside another pair of  tags. Attempting to do so will result in a cite error.  The template  may be used to nest references. The markup is:   where name and group are optional. The content may include  tags.  The other templates listed below in Predefined groups are variants of  that include a styled group and have a matching styled reference list template.  উদাহরণ:  The use of the magic word #tag:ref is valid, but the sequence of parameters is invariant and nonintuitive.  and its variants use this markup internally.  {{#tag:ref|refcontent|name=name|group=groupname}}   পাদটিকা: গোষ্ঠী   Sometimes it is useful to group the footnotes into separate lists, for example to separate explanatory notes from references, or to list references for tables, image captions, infoboxes and navboxes. The sequence of footnote labels is independent in each group.  The syntax to define a footnote with a group is:  The footnote marker group name must be enclosed in quotes if the group name includes a space, else a cite error will occur, otherwise quotes are optional.  The syntax for the reference list with a group is:  The reference list group name does not need to be enclosed in quotes.  উদাহরণ:  Note that the footnote labels in the reference list show only the numbers and not the group name.  When using both names and groups, the syntax is:  For the repeated note:   পাদটিকা: পূর্বনির্ধারিত গোষ্ঠী   There are several predefined groups that can have a reference list styled so that the label (a character within square brackets with all superscripted, e.g., ) of a note or citation (aka footnote, reference) matches and links to the note marker label located in the main text and the label in front of the note's text in the appropriate group's list. There can be more than one of these groups' lists in the Notes, References and other similarly purposed sections.  These predefined note and citation groups have templates that make the wikitext markup simpler. These templates also allow a standard reference to be inserted, so that an explanatory note can have a reference, or citations can be nested.  নোট: If the note's text has a reference name that is used more than once, the labels will still match, but the clickable alpha characters that toggle the note's display will be next to the note's label, with links to the multiple locations of its marker in the main text. See WP:REFNAME and the first point below in § Issues.   তথ্যসূত্র গোষ্ঠী ধরন দ্বারা টেমপ্লেট ব্যবহার    Group type  Footnote marker templateor markup  Reference list template  Sample labels none      1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 none   for nested references    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 lower-alpha       a b c d e f g h i j upper-alpha      A B C D E F G H I J lower-roman      i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x upper-roman      I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X lower-greek      α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ    supports  and , which work the same as the parameters in . Do not enclose values in quotes.   supports the column parameter,  and  which work the same as the parameters in . Do not enclose values in quotes.  In these examples, the footnote labels match between the footnote marker and the reference list:   ইস্যুস   Multiple backlink labels (see উইকিপিডিয়া:REFNAME) are always styled as lower-alpha. This can be confusing when  is used. See the note in the introduction of this section, above.  The entries in the reference list will show the default decimal styling if:  The value for  in  or  does not exactly match one of the predefined values; use  or variant as  will not be needed.  The value for  in  or  is enclosed by quotes; use  or variant as  will not be needed.   is indented with the  markup.   is used instead of   The entries in the reference list will have no styling if:  A reference is included in  or one of the variants and the style is set to bodyclass=hlist; to resolve this, replace the style with listclass=hlist. Including external link markup will result in an error. Use the  template instead: {{URL|1=url name|2=optional display text}}.   তথ্যসূত্র তালিকা: স্বয়ংক্রিয়ভাবে উত্পন্ন   A page with  tags but no reference list markup used to display an error, except on talk and user pages. In recent versions of Wikipedia, the error no longer appears; instead an automatically generated reference list (AGRL) is displayed at the bottom of the page.  Compared to the reference lists on properly formatted pages, an AGRL can be confusing to both readers and editors. But it is easily corrected by adding reference list markup such as the following. Add it at the position where the reference list would normally appear. ==তথ্যসূত্র== {{সূত্র তালিকা}}  On talk pages, the  template can be used to add a reference list to a specific discussion.   পাদটিকা: পাতার সংখ্যা   Suppose you would like to cite one book, but different facts appear on different pages. You would like to cite the book again and again, but point each fact to the proper page. Suppose one fact is on page 8, a different fact on page 12, a third fact on page 18, a fourth fact on page 241. You could put a line in the "pages" parameter saying "see pages 8, 12, 18, 241" but a fact-checker might have to check all of them before figuring out the right one. Or, you could duplicate the entire citation for the book in each instance, but that would be redundant. One common approach is to use shortened citations, which requires the use of a References section following the footnotes section. Another approach is to attach a  right after the footnote marker and replace the "8" with the appropriate page number.  উদাহরণ স্বরূপ:  When using list-defined references,  can be used for the same style of in-text page references.   প্রাকদৃশ্য প্রদর্শনের সম্পাদনাসমূহ  When you edit a single section of a page, the footnotes list will be visible when you preview your edits under the heading "Preview of references", although you will still not be able to see named references which were defined in other sections.  Tools that can be used are the ব্যবহারকারী:js/ajaxPreview or ব্যবহারকারী:Anomie/ajaxpreview.js scripts or the wikEd gadget.   সূত্র উপকরণ-দণ্ড   থাম্ব|400px|Using the citation toolbar to name the first reference. থাম্ব|400px|Using the citation toolbar to insert additional references to the first source. You can use the citation toolbar to name references. When you first create a reference, you can enter a value in the "Ref name" box. When you want to reuse this reference, click the "Named references" button on the citation toolbar and choose which reference you would like to insert.   সমস্যা ও সীমাবদ্ধতা     subst: does not work within  tags.   The pipe trick does not work within  tags.    পতাকাঙ্কিত অপর্যাপ্ত উল্লেখ    The template  should be added to articles where there are some, but insufficient, inline citations to support the material currently in the article. For biographies of living persons, use  instead.  The template  should be added to articles with no references at all. For biographies of living persons, use  instead.  The template  is for individual sections that have no citations in articles that have at least one citation somewhere else. For biographies of living persons, use  instead.  The template  is specifically for articles needing additional medical references.   আরও দেখুন   টেমপ্লেট:হার্ভার্ড উদ্ধৃতি#Using CITEREF directly and   উইকিপিডিয়া:Citing sources/Further considerations—a how-to article with some additional considerations for citing sources  উইকিপিডিয়া:Substitution:সাহায্যকেন্দ্র—to ask questions about using footnotes in articles if you were not able to find the information you need on this help page.  বিষয়শ্রেণী:উইকিপিডিয়া সম্পাদক সাহায্য বিষয়শ্রেণী:উইকিপিডিয়া উদ্ধৃতি প্রশাসন বিষয়শ্রেণী:উইকিপিডিয়া কীভাবে করবেন