প্রধান প্রতীকের তালিকা   The symbols are arranged by similarity to letters of the Latin alphabet. Symbols which do not resemble any Latin letter are placed at the end.   প্রতীক  উদাহরণ  বর্ণনা ^ top A  জার্মান Mann, ফরাসি gare For many English speakers, the first part of the ow sound in cow. Found in some dialects of English in cat or father.  ম্যান্ডারিন 他 tā, মার্কিনি ইংরেজি father, স্পেনীয় casa, ফরাসি patte  RP cut, জার্মান Kaiserslautern (In transcriptions of English,  is usually written .)  RP father, ফরাসি pâte, Dutch bad  ফরাসি Caen, sans, temps অনুনাসিক .  RP cot Like , but with the lips slightly rounded.  মার্কিনি ইংরেজি cut Like , but without the lips being rounded. (When  is used for English, it may really be  or .)  RP cat ^ top B  English babble  সোয়াহিলি bwana Like a  said with a gulp. See implosive consonants.  স্পেনীয় la Bamba, Kinyarwanda abana "children", কোরীয় 무궁화 [muɡuŋβwa̠] mugunghwa Like , but with the lips not quite closed. Nias simbi [siʙi] "lower jaw"Sputtering. ^ top C  তুর্কি kebap "kebab", Czech stín "shadow", গ্রীক και "and" Between English tune (RP) and cute. Sometimes used instead for  in languages like হিন্দি.  জার্মান Ich More of a y-coloration (more palatal) than . Some English speakers have a similar sound in huge. To produce this sound, try whispering loudly the word "ye" as in "Hear ye!".  ম্যান্ডারিন 西安 Xi'an, Polish ściana More y-like than ; something like English she.  see under O ^ top D  English dad  সোয়াহিলি Dodoma Like  said with a gulp.  মার্কিনি ইংরেজি harder Like  with the tongue curled or pulled back.  English the, bathe  English adds, Italian zero  English judge  Polish niedźwiedź "bear" Like , but with more of a y-sound.  Polish dżem "jam" Like  with the tongue curled or pulled back. ^ top E  স্পেনীয় fe; ফরাসি clé, জার্মান KleeSimilar to English hey, before the y sets in.  Australian English bird  English above, হিন্দি ठग  (thug) "thief" (Only occurs in English when not stressed.)  মার্কিনি ইংরেজি runner  English bet  ফরাসি Saint-Étienne, vin, main অনুনাসিক .  RP bird (long)  মার্কিনি ইংরেজি bird ^ top F  English fun  see under J  see under J ^ top G  English gag (Should look like 6px. No different from a Latin "g")  সোয়াহিলি Uganda Like  said with a gulp.  Like , but further back, in the throat. Found in Persian and some আরবি dialects for , as in Muammar Gaddafi.  see under Z English beige. ^ top H  মার্কিনি ইংরেজি house  English ahead, when said quickly.  The extra puff of air in English top  compared to stop [stɒp], or to ফরাসি or স্পেনীয় .  আরবি  Muhammad Far down in the throat, like , but stronger.  see under Y  see under L ^ top I  English sea, ফরাসি ville, স্পেনীয় Valladolid  English sit  রুশ ты "you" Often used for unstressed English roses. ^ top J  English yes, hallelujah, জার্মান Junge  In রুশ Ленин  Indicates a sound is more y-like.  স্পেনীয় cayo (some dialects) Like , but stronger.  তুর্কি gör "see", Czech díra "hole" Between English dew (RP) and argue. Sometimes used instead for  in languages like হিন্দি.  সোয়াহিলি jambo Like  said with a gulp. ^ top K  English kick, skip ^ top L  English leaf  English woolরুশ малый  "small" "Dark" el.  Welsh llwyd  "grey"Zulu hlala  "sit" By touching roof of mouth with tongue and giving a quick breath out. Found in Welsh placenames like Llangollen and Llanelli and Nelson Mandela's Xhosa name Rolihlahla.  Like  with the tongue curled or pulled back.  A flapped , like  and  said together.  Zulu dla "eat" Rather like  and , or  and , said together. ^ top M  English mime  English symphony Like , but lips touch teeth as they do in .  see under W  see under W ^ top N  English nun  English sing, Māori nga  স্পেনীয় Peña, ফরাসি champagne Rather like English canyon ( said quickly).  হিন্দি वरुण  Varuna Like  with the tongue curled or pulled back.  Castilian স্পেনীয় Don Juan  Like , but further back, in the throat. ^ top O  স্পেনীয় no, ফরাসি eau, জার্মান Boden Somewhat reminiscent of মার্কিনি ইংরেজি no.  জার্মান Oldenburg, ফরাসি Garonne  ফরাসি Lyon, son অনুনাসিক .  ফরাসি feu, bœufs, জার্মান Goethe Like , but with the lips rounded like .  Dutch hut, ফরাসি je, Swedish dum Halfway between  and . Similar to  but with the tongue slightly more down and front. The Dutch vowel is often transcribed with  or , whereas the ফরাসি vowel is typically transcribed with .  ফরাসি bœuf, seul, জার্মান Göttingen Like , but with the lips rounded like .  ফরাসি brun, parfum অনুনাসিক .    see under Others  see under Others ^ top P  English pip ^ top Q  আরবি  Qur’ān Like , but further back, in the throat. ^ top R  স্পেনীয় perro, Scots borrow "Rolled R". (Often used for other rhotics, such as English , when there's no ambiguity.)  স্পেনীয় pero, Tagalog daliri, Malay kabar, মার্কিনি ইংরেজি kitty/kiddie "Flapped R".  Dutch rood and জার্মান rot (some speakers) A trill in the back of the throat. Found for /r/ in some conservative registers of ফরাসি.  হিন্দি साड़ी  "sari" Like flapped , but with the tongue curled back.  RP borrow   ম্যান্ডারিন 人民日报 Rénmín Rìbào "People's Daily", মার্কিনি ইংরেজি borrow, butter Like , but with the tongue curled or pulled back, as pronounced by many English speakers.  ফরাসি Paris, জার্মান Riemann (some dialects) Said back in the throat, but not trilled. ^ top S  English sass  English shoe  ম্যান্ডারিন 少林 (Shàolín), রুশ Пушкин (Pushkin) Acoustically similar to , but with the tongue curled or pulled back. ^ top T  English tot, stop  হিন্দি ठग  (thug) "thief" Like , but with the tongue curled or pulled back.  English cats, রুশ царь tsar  English church  ম্যান্ডারিন 北京 Běijīng (), Polish ciebie "you" Like , but with more of a y-sound.  ম্যান্ডারিন 真正 zhēnzhèng, Polish czas Like  with the tongue curled or pulled back. ^ top U  মার্কিনি ইংরেজি food, ফরাসি vous "you", জার্মান Schumacher  English foot, জার্মান Bundesrepublik  Australian English food (long) Like , but with the lips rounded as for .  see under Y  see under W ^ top V  English verve  হিন্দি वरुण  "Varuna" Between  and . Used by some জার্মানs and রুশs for v/w, and by some speakers of British English for r.  see under Y  see under Y  see under A ^ top W  English wow   Indicates a sound has lip rounding, as in English rain   what (some dialects) like  and  said together  তুর্কি kayık "caïque", Scottish Gaelic gaol Like , but with the lips flat; something like .  স্পেনীয় agua ^ top X  Scottish English loch, জার্মান Bach, রুশ хороший  "good", স্পেনীয় joven between  and   northern Standard Dutch Scheveningen, Castilian স্পেনীয় Don Juan  Like , but further back, in the throat. Some জার্মান and আরবি speakers have  for . ^ top Y  ফরাসি rue, জার্মান Bülow Like , but with the lips rounded as for .  জার্মান Düsseldorf Like , but with the lips rounded as for .  আরবি   and সোয়াহিলি ghali "expensive", স্পেনীয় suegro Sounds rather like ফরাসি  or between  and .  ম্যান্ডারিন 河南 Hénán, Scottish Gaelic taigh Like  but without the lips rounded, something like a cross of  and .  Italian tagliatelle Like , but more y-like. Rather like English volume.  ফরাসি lui Like  and  said together. ^ top Z  English zoo  English vision, ফরাসি journal  old-styled রুশ позже  "later", Polish źle More y-like than , something like beigey.  রুশ жир "fat" Like  with the tongue curled or pulled back.  see under L ^ top Others  English thigh, bath   富士  Fuji, Māori  wharenui Like , but with the lips not quite touching  English uh-oh, Hawai‘i, জার্মান die Angst The 'glottal stop', a catch in the breath. For some people, found in button , or between vowels across words: Deus ex machina ; in some nonstandard dialects, in a apple .  আরবি   "আরবি" A light sound deep in the throat.  English tsk-tsk! or tut-tut!, Zulu icici "earring" (The English click used for disapproval.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including . The Zimbabwean MP Ncube has this click in his name, as did Cetshwayo.  English tchick! tchick!, Zulu ixoxo "frog" (The English click used to urge on a horse.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including . Found in the name of the Xhosa.  Zulu iqaqa "polecat" (The English click used to imitate the trotting of a horse.) A hollow popping sound, like a cork pulled from a bottle. Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including .  ǂ’Amkoe ʘoa "two" Like a kissing sound.  Khoekhoe ǂgā-amǃnâ [ǂààʔám̀ᵑǃã̀ã̀] "to put in the mouth"Like an imitation of a chewing sound.   সহায়ক চিহ্ন  বহু চিহ্ন বর্ণের উপরে, নিচে, আগে বা পরে যোগ করা যেতে পারে। এখানে a বর্ণের সাথে এই চিহ্নগুলিকে ব্যবহার করে দেখানো হয়েছে। সম্পূর্ণ তালিকার জন্য দেখুন ।   প্রতীক  উদাহরণ  বর্ণনা  বর্ণের উপর ব্যবহৃত চিহ্ন  French vin blanc  "white wine" A nasal vowel, as with a Texas twang.  Portuguese vá  "go" A central vowel pronounced with the tongue position in the middle of the mouth; neither forward nor back.  বর্ণের নিচে ব্যবহৃত চিহ্ন  English cow , koi  This vowel does not form a syllable of its own, but runs into the vowel next to it. (In English, the diacritic is generally left off: .) English boy [b̥ɔɪ̯], doe [d̥oʊ̯] (see also) Sounds like a loud whisper;  is like a whispered breath through the nose.  is found in Tibetan Lhasa.  English button A consonant without a vowel. (English  is often transcribed .)  Spanish dos, French deux The tongue touches the teeth more than it does in English.  বর্ণের পাশে ব্যবহৃত চিহ্ন  English come Aspirated consonant, pronounced with a puff of air. Similarly .  Zulu ukuza "come" Ejective. Like a popped , pushed from the throat. Similarly .  English shh!  Long. Often used with English vowels or diphthongs: Mayo  for , etc.  RP caught  Semi-long. (Although the vowel is different, this is also longer than cot .)  pronunciation Main stress. The mark denotes the stress of the following syllable.  Weaker stress. The mark denotes the stress of the following syllable.  English courtship  Syllable break. (this is often redundant and therefore left off)  তথ্যসূত্র  বহিঃসংযোগ IPA pronunciation chart IPA Charts – pronunciation charts with an interactive chart of all IPA symbols with their sounds (Flash) IPA Character Picker 7 - An easy-to-use web site for creating the complete set of IPA characters with any diacritic.  আন্তর্জাতিক ধ্বনিমূলক বর্ণমালা   বিষয়শ্রেণী:আন্তর্জাতিক ধ্বনিমূলক বর্ণমালা বিষয়শ্রেণী:উইকিপিডিয়া সাহায্য