and its complementary closing template  are used to apply any of several optional styles or presentational choices for bibliographies or reference lists—that is, lists of fully-specified references, sources, and/or works cited, sorted alphabetically by author or contributor) that appear in Wikipedia articles.  These bibliographies or reference lists frequently appear in dedicated sections within an article, variously titled ==References==, ==Works cited==, ==Bibliography==, ==Further reading==, ==Published works==, and so on.  Wikipedia referencing or citation systems that use bibliography-style reference lists include: 'shortened' footnotes, parenthetical referencing, and 'general' referencing. The 'full' footnote and embedded citations referencing systems do not use those lists, although articles using these latter two systems may also contain "Further reading" or other sections containing bibliography-style listings, that  formatting could be applied to.  The formatting options provided by this template are: +refbegin template options/parametersOptionHow to get itNotesdefault display{{refbegin}}no parameters needed, default fontsize is 90% of standard fontsizedisplay list in multiple columns{{refbegin|n}}where n determines the number of columns, or width of columns based on the browser's screen widthno fontsize reduction{{refbegin|normalfont=yes}}display list in normal fontsize insteadapply hanging indent{{refbegin|indent=yes}}will apply hanging indent if an individual reference wraps over more than one line in the browser's display window Each use of , with or without parameters, needs an accompanying  closing template to 'turn off' the formatting; refend does not need any parameters.  Font size reduction is applied by default. Either one, the other, or both of multi-columns and hanging indent may be applied as well (though see specifics and caveats on browser differences in relevant sections, below).  ব্যবহার With all (optional) parameters shown: ==তথ্যসূত্র== {{refbegin |n |normalfont= |indent= |indentsize=}} *list of bibliography/references entries.. ... {{refend}}  স্থাননির্ণয় The  is placed immediately below the header of the bibliography/references section its formatting will be applied to. The closing  template is placed within the same section, at the end of the bibliography/references list content.  When used, each occurrence of  should always be paired with a corresponding closing  template: ==তথ্যসূত্র== {{refbegin}} *1st entry in the bibliography/references list.. *2nd entry in the bibliography/references list.. ... *last entry in the bibliography/references list.. {{refend}}  The formatting provided by  is "turned on" at the location where the template is placed, and is applied to all text after and below it, until it is "turned off" by a closing  template (or </div> tag). Failing to provide a closing  may produce unwanted effects in other sections that may appear below the 'References', 'Bibliography' etc. section, such as 'External links' sections that are usually placed at or near the article's end.  অপশন ১: ডিফল্ট আচরণ The default usage (without parameters) applies a style that reduces the text size of the bibliographies/reference list entries. This can be useful to make a long bibliography/list of references display more compactly, and it also mimics the formatting style applied to footnotes by the  template.  The  formats footnotes—any text in the article body that is placed between  tags—that are auto-generated by the cite.php extension, called by . In the case of articles using the 'shortened' footnotes referencing system, these footnotes will typically contain an abbreviated citation such as <ref>Smith 2002, p.123</ref> that corresponds with an entry in the bibliography/references list section (other text such as discursive notes may appear as well).  The font size should reduce to 90% for most browsers, but may appear to show at 100% for Internet Explorer and possibly other browsers. Reflist and Refbegin use each one CSS entry in MediaWiki:Common.css to set the font size: div.reflist, div.refbegin {     font-size: 90%; }  Editors may over-ride this setting by using normalfont=yes in the template.  If the 'full' footnotes referencing system is used (i.e. there is no separate bibliography/references list, all cites/references are defined in  tags), then use  alone: ==তথ্যসূত্র== {{reflist}}  If there is a bibliography/references list but no footnoted citations (e.g. in general references or parenthetical referencing systems) then use  and  like so:  ==তথ্যসূত্র== {{refbegin}} *general reference 1 *general reference 2 {{refend}}  If there are footnoted citations and a separate bibliography/references list (i.e., the WP:CITESHORT system), then place  to generate the footnotes in one section (immediately above the bibliography/references list), and use  in the latter section:  ==Notes== {{reflist}} <!--this will auto-generate the numbered list of footnotes/cites -->  ==তথ্যসূত্র== {{refbegin}} *bibliography entry / reference 1 *bibliography entry / reference 2 *etc {{refend}}  বিকল্প ২: একাধিক কলাম If an integer n is supplied as the first parameter, the template will display the bibliography/references list in n columns. This may be useful for compact display for a lengthy list, and matches also the optional capability of  to display output in multiple columns. Thus, {{refbegin|2}} will display the list in two columns. If no integer parameter is specified, the default is a single column. Note, it will rarely be useful or practical to display bibliography/references list entries in more than two columns.  If a value with a unit is supplied as the first parameter, i.e. 30em, the template will display the bibliography/references list in columns with a minimum width of that value, allowing the browser to determine the optimal number of columns. Using {{refbegin|30em}} for instance is useful for short citations.  তথ্যসূত্র  তথ্যসূত্র  ব্রাউজার সাপোর্ট  Multiple columns are generated by using CSS3, which is still in development; thus only browsers that properly support the multi-column property will show multiple columns. See here for more information.  অপশন ৩: ঝুলন্ত খাঁজ A hanging indentation may be applied to bibliographies/reference lists by using the  parameter. This option can be useful in long bibliographies/reference lists and in particular when individual entries in the list are long, i.e. they wrap over more than one line in the browser display window. Applying a hanging indent to the list makes it much easier to distinguish the keywords (i.e. normally the authors' names) in the bibliography and makes them stand out from preceding and succeeding lines of text. Hanging indents in bibliographies also form part of several widely used citation style implementations, such as APA, MLA, and Chicago.  In order for indents to display properly, do not use bullet markers (*); you must use indent markers (:) instead.  To use, set {{refbegin|indent=yes}}.  উদাহরণ  a) Using  with the hanging indent option |indent=yes applied:  ==তথ্যসূত্র== {{refbegin|indent=yes}} :{{cite book |author= Dakin, Karen|year= 1994|chapter= El náhuatl en el yutoazteca sureño: algunas isoglosas gramaticales y fonológicas|title= Investigaciones lingüísticas en Mesoamérica |series= Estudios sobre Lenguas Americanas, no. 1|editor= Carolyn MacKay and Verónica Vázquez (eds.)|publisher= Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas, Seminario de Lenguas Indígenas|location= México D.F.|pages= 3–86 |isbn= 968-36-4055-9 |oclc= 34716589}} {{language icon|es}} :{{cite conference |author= Flores Farfán, José Antonio |year= 2002|title= The Use of Multimedia and the Arts in Language Revitalization, Maintenance, and Development: The Case of the Balsas Nahuas of Guerrero, Mexico |url= http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/ILAC/ILAC_24.pdf |format= [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |conference= Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Stabilizing Indigenous Languages (7th, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, May 11–14, 2000) |booktitle= Indigenous Languages across the Community |editor= Barbara Jane Burnaby and John Allan Reyhner (eds.) |location= Flagstaff, AZ |publisher= Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University |pages= 225–236 |isbn= 0-9670554-2-3 |oclc= 95062129}} :{{cite book |author= Rincón, Antonio del |year= 1885 |origyear= 1595 |title= Arte mexicana compuesta por el padre Antonio Del Rincón de la compañia de Jesus: Dirigido al illustrissimo y reverendissimo s. Don Diego Romano obispo de Tlaxcallan, y del consejo de su magestad, &c. En Mexico en casa de Pedro, Balli. 1595 |url= http://storage.lib.uchicago.edu/pres/2005/pres2005-033.pdf |edition= Reprinted 1885 under the care of Dr. Antonio Peñafiel |format= [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] facsimile, University of Chicago Library digital collections|location= México D.F. |publisher= Oficina tip. de la Secretaría de fomento |oclc= 162761360}} {{language icon|es}} :{{cite book |author= Voegelin, Charles F.|author2= Florence M. Voegelin; Kenneth L. Hale |year= 1962 |title= Typological and Comparative Grammar of Uto-Aztecan I: Phonology |type= Supplement to International Journal of American linguistics, vol. 28, no. 1 |series= Indiana University publications in anthropology and linguistics, Memoir 17 |location= Baltimore MD |publisher= Waverly Press |oclc= 55576894}} {{refend}}  তথ্যসূত্র        b) Using indent in combination with multi-column (in this case, n = 2) display {{refbegin|2|indent=yes}} (note that multi-column only works in some browsers):  ==তথ্যসূত্র== {{refbegin|2|indent=yes}} :{{cite book |author= Dakin, Karen|year= 1994|chapter= El náhuatl en el yutoazteca sureño: algunas isoglosas gramaticales y fonológicas|title= Investigaciones lingüísticas en Mesoamérica |series= Estudios sobre Lenguas Americanas, no. 1|editor= Carolyn MacKay and Verónica Vázquez (eds.)|publisher= Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas, Seminario de Lenguas Indígenas|location= México D.F.|pages= 3–86 |isbn= 968-36-4055-9 |oclc= 34716589}} {{language icon|es}} :{{cite conference |author= Flores Farfán, José Antonio |year= 2002|title= The Use of Multimedia and the Arts in Language Revitalization, Maintenance, and Development: The Case of the Balsas Nahuas of Guerrero, Mexico |url= http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jar/ILAC/ILAC_24.pdf |format= [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |conference= Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Stabilizing Indigenous Languages (7th, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, May 11–14, 2000) |booktitle= Indigenous Languages across the Community |editor= Barbara Jane Burnaby and John Allan Reyhner (eds.) |location= Flagstaff, AZ |publisher= Center for Excellence in Education, Northern Arizona University |pages= 225–236 |isbn= 0-9670554-2-3 |oclc= 95062129}} :{{cite book |author= Rincón, Antonio del |year= 1885 |origyear= 1595 |title= Arte mexicana compuesta por el padre Antonio Del Rincón de la compañia de Jesus: Dirigido al illustrissimo y reverendissimo s. Don Diego Romano obispo de Tlaxcallan, y del consejo de su magestad, &c. En Mexico en casa de Pedro, Balli. 1595 |url= http://storage.lib.uchicago.edu/pres/2005/pres2005-033.pdf |edition= Reprinted 1885 under the care of Dr. Antonio Peñafiel |format= [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] facsimile, University of Chicago Library digital collections|location= México D.F. |publisher= Oficina tip. de la Secretaría de fomento |oclc= 162761360}} {{language icon|es}} :{{cite book |author= Voegelin, Charles F.|author2= Florence M. Voegelin; Kenneth L. Hale |year= 1962 |title= Typological and Comparative Grammar of Uto-Aztecan I: Phonology |format= Supplement to International Journal of American linguistics, vol. 28, no. 1 |series= Indiana University publications in anthropology and linguistics, Memoir 17 |location= Baltimore MD |publisher= Waverly Press |oclc= 55576894}} {{refend}}  তথ্যসূত্র        টেমপ্লেট উপাত্ত  আরও দেখুন Wikipedia:Citing sources – Citation guideline Wikipedia:Footnotes – Reference guideline WP:CITET – Description of various templates to format individual citation references  – Auto-generated listing of footnotes and inline citations