local p = {}  local floor = math.floor  local function errorf(level, ...) 	if type(level) == "number" then 		return error(string.format(...), level + 1) 	else -- level is actually the format string. 		return error(string.format(level, ...), 2) 	end end  local function binary_range_search(codepoint, ranges) 	local low, mid, high 	low, high = 1, ranges.length or require "মডিউল:টেবিল সরঞ্জাম".length(ranges) 	while low <= high do 		mid = floor((low + high) / 2) 		local range = ranges[mid] 		if codepoint < range[1] then 			high = mid - 1 		elseif codepoint <= range[2] then 			return range, mid 		else 			low = mid + 1 		end 	end 	return nil, mid end p.binary_range_search = binary_range_search  --[[ local function linear_range_search(codepoint, ranges) 	for i, range in ipairs(ranges) do 		if range[1] <= codepoint and codepoint <= range[2] then 			return range 		end 	end end --]]  -- Load a module by indexing "loader" with the name of the module minus the -- "Module:Unicode data/" part. For instance, loader.blocks returns -- Module:Unicode data/blocks. If a module cannot be loaded, false will be -- returned. local loader = setmetatable({}, { 	__index = function (self, key) 		local success, data = pcall(mw.loadData, "মডিউল:ইউনিকোড উপাত্ত/" .. key) 		if not success then 			data = false 		end 		self[key] = data 		return data 	end })  -- For the algorithm used to generate Hangul Syllable names, -- see "Hangul Syllable Name Generation" in section 3.12 of the -- Unicode Specification: -- https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ch03.pdf local name_hooks = { 	{     0x00,     0x1F, "<control-%04X>" }, -- C0 control characters 	{     0x7F,     0x9F, "<control-%04X>" }, -- DEL and C1 control characters 	{   0x3400,   0x4DBF, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension A 	{   0x4E00,   0x9FFF, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph 	{   0xAC00,   0xD7A3, function (codepoint) -- Hangul Syllables 		local Hangul_data = loader.Hangul 		local syllable_index = codepoint - 0xAC00  		return ("HANGUL SYLLABLE %s%s%s"):format( 			Hangul_data.leads[floor(syllable_index / Hangul_data.final_count)], 			Hangul_data.vowels[floor((syllable_index % Hangul_data.final_count) 				/ Hangul_data.trail_count)], 			Hangul_data.trails[syllable_index % Hangul_data.trail_count] 		) 	end }, 	-- High Surrogates, High Private Use Surrogates, Low Surrogates 	{   0xD800,   0xDFFF, "<surrogate-%04X>" }, 	{   0xE000,   0xF8FF, "<private-use-%04X>" }, -- Private Use 	-- CJK Compatibility Ideographs 	{   0xF900,   0xFA6D, "CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, 	{   0xFA70,   0xFAD9, "CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, 	{  0x17000,  0x187F7, "TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- Tangut Ideograph 	{  0x18800,  0x18AFF, function (codepoint) 		return ("TANGUT COMPONENT-%03d"):format(codepoint - 0x187FF) 	end }, 	{  0x18D00,  0x18D08, "TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- Tangut Ideograph Supplement 	{  0x1B170,  0x1B2FB, "NUSHU CHARACTER-%04X" }, -- Nushu 	{  0x20000,  0x2A6DF, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension B 	{  0x2A700,  0x2B738, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension C 	{  0x2B740,  0x2B81D, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension D 	{  0x2B820,  0x2CEA1, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension E 	{  0x2CEB0,  0x2EBE0, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension F 	-- CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement (Supplementary Ideographic Plane) 	{  0x2F800,  0x2FA1D, "CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, 	{  0xE0100,  0xE01EF, function (codepoint) -- Variation Selectors Supplement 		return ("VARIATION SELECTOR-%d"):format(codepoint - 0xE0100 + 17) 	end}, 	{  0x30000,  0x3134A, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension G 	{  0xF0000,  0xFFFFD, "<private-use-%04X>" }, -- Plane 15 Private Use 	{ 0x100000, 0x10FFFD, "<private-use-%04X>" }  -- Plane 16 Private Use } name_hooks.length = #name_hooks  local name_range_cache  local function generate_name(data, codepoint) 	if type(data) == "string" then 		return data:format(codepoint) 	else 		return data(codepoint) 	end end  --[[ -- Checks that the code point is a number and in range. -- Does not check whether code point is an integer. -- Not used local function check_codepoint(funcName, argIdx, val) 	require 'libraryUtil'.checkType(funcName, argIdx, val, 'number') 	if codepoint < 0 or 0x10FFFF < codepoint then 		errorf("Codepoint %04X out of range", codepoint) 	end end --]]  -- https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ch04.pdf, section 4.8 function p.lookup_name(codepoint) 	-- U+FDD0-U+FDEF and all code points ending in FFFE or FFFF are Unassigned 	-- (Cn) and specifically noncharacters: 	-- https://www.unicode.org/faq/private_use.html#nonchar4 	if 0xFDD0 <= codepoint and (codepoint <= 0xFDEF 			or floor(codepoint % 0x10000) >= 0xFFFE) then 		return ("<noncharacter-%04X>"):format(codepoint) 	end  	if name_range_cache -- Check if previously used "name hook" applies to this code point. 			and codepoint >= name_range_cache[1] 			and codepoint <= name_range_cache[2] then 		return generate_name(name_range_cache[3], codepoint) 	end 	 	local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, name_hooks) 	if range then 		name_range_cache = range 		return generate_name(range[3], codepoint) 	end  	local data = loader[('নাম/%03X'):format(codepoint / 0x1000)] 	 	if data and data[codepoint] then 		return data[codepoint] 	 	-- Unassigned (Cn) consists of noncharacters and reserved characters. 	-- The character has been established not to be a noncharacter, 	-- and if it were assigned, its name would already been retrieved, 	-- so it must be reserved. 	else 		return ("<reserved-%04X>"):format(codepoint) 	end end  --[[ -- No image data modules on Wikipedia yet. function p.lookup_image(codepoint) 	local data = loader[('images/%03X'):format(codepoint / 0x1000)] 	 	if data then 		return data[codepoint] 	end end --]]  local planes = { 	[ 0] = "Basic Multilingual Plane"; 	[ 1] = "Supplementary Multilingual Plane"; 	[ 2] = "Supplementary Ideographic Plane"; 	[ 3] = "Tertiary Ideographic Plane"; 	[14] = "Supplementary Special-purpose Plane"; 	[15] = "Supplementary Private Use Area-A"; 	[16] = "Supplementary Private Use Area-B"; }  -- Load Module:Unicode data/blocks if needed and assign it to this variable. local blocks  local function block_iter(blocks, i) 	i = i + 1 	local data = blocks[i] 	if data then 		 -- Unpack doesn't work on tables loaded with mw.loadData. 		return i, data[1], data[2], data[3] 	end end  -- An ipairs-type iterator generator for the list of blocks. function p.enum_blocks() 	local blocks = loader["ব্লক"] 	return block_iter, blocks, 0 end  function p.lookup_plane(codepoint) 	local i = floor(codepoint / 0x10000) 	return planes[i] or ("Plane %u"):format(i) end  function p.lookup_block(codepoint) 	local blocks = loader["ব্লক"] 	local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, blocks) 	if range then 		return range[3] 	else 		return "No Block" 	end end  function p.get_block_info(name) 	for i, block in ipairs(loader["ব্লক"]) do 		if block[3] == name then 			return block 		end 	end end  function p.is_valid_pagename(pagename) 	local has_nonws = false  	for cp in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(pagename) do 		if (cp == 0x0023) -- # 		or (cp == 0x005B) -- [ 		or (cp == 0x005D) -- ] 		or (cp == 0x007B) -- { 		or (cp == 0x007C) -- | 		or (cp == 0x007D) -- } 		or (cp == 0x180E) -- MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR 		or ((cp >= 0x2000) and (cp <= 0x200A)) -- spaces in General Punctuation block 		or (cp == 0xFFFD) -- REPLACEMENT CHARACTER 		then 			return false 		end  		local printable, result = p.is_printable(cp) 		if not printable then 			return false 		end  		if result ~= "space-separator" then 			has_nonws = true 		end 	end  	return has_nonws end  local function manual_unpack(what, from) 	if what[from + 1] == nil then 		return what[from] 	end 	 	local result = {} 	from = from or 1 	for i, item in ipairs(what) do 		if i >= from then 			table.insert(result, item) 		end 	end 	return unpack(result) end  local function compare_ranges(range1, range2) 	return range1[1] < range2[1] end  -- Creates a function to look up data in a module that contains "singles" (a -- code point-to-data map) and "ranges" (an array containing arrays that contain -- the low and high code points of a range and the data associated with that -- range). -- "loader" loads and returns the "singles" and "ranges" tables. -- "match_func" is passed the code point and either the data or the "dots", and -- generates the final result of the function. -- The varargs ("dots") describes the default data to be returned if there wasn't -- a match. -- In case the function is used more than once, "cache" saves ranges that have -- already been found to match, or a range whose data is the default if there -- was no match. local function memo_lookup(data_module_subpage, match_func, ...) 	local dots = { ... } 	local cache = {} 	local singles, ranges  	return function (codepoint) 		if not singles then 			local data_module = loader[data_module_subpage] 			singles, ranges = data_module.singles, data_module.ranges 		end  		if singles[codepoint] then 			return match_func(codepoint, singles[codepoint]) 		end  		local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, cache) 		if range then 			return match_func(codepoint, manual_unpack(range, 3)) 		end 		 		local range, index = binary_range_search(codepoint, ranges) 		if range then 			table.insert(cache, range) 			table.sort(cache, compare_ranges) 			return match_func(codepoint, manual_unpack(range, 3)) 		end 		 		if ranges[index] then 			local dots_range 			if codepoint > ranges[index][2] then 				dots_range = { 					ranges[index][2] + 1, 					ranges[index + 1] and ranges[index + 1][1] - 1 or 0x10FFFF, 					unpack(dots) 				} 			else -- codepoint < range[index][1] 				dots_range = { 					ranges[index - 1] and ranges[index - 1][2] + 1 or 0, 					ranges[index][1] - 1, 					unpack(dots) 				} 			end 			table.sort(cache, compare_ranges) 		end 		 		return match_func(codepoint) 	end end  -- Get a code point's combining class value in Module:Unicode data/combining, -- and return whether this value is not zero. Zero is assigned as the default -- if the combining class value is not found in this data module. -- That is, return true if character is combining, or false if it is not. -- See https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/#Canonical_Combining_Class_Values for -- more information. p.is_combining = memo_lookup( 	"সংমিশ্রণ", 	function (codepoint, combining_class) 		return combining_class and combining_class ~= 0 or false 	end, 	0)  function p.add_dotted_circle(str) 	return (mw.ustring.gsub(str, ".", 		function(char) 			if p.is_combining(mw.ustring.codepoint(char)) then 				return '◌' .. char 			end 		end)) end  local lookup_control = memo_lookup( 	"নিয়ন্ত্রণ", 	function (codepoint, ccc) 		return ccc or "assigned" 	end, 	"assigned") p.lookup_control = lookup_control  function p.is_assigned(codepoint) 	return lookup_control(codepoint) ~= "unassigned" end  function p.is_printable(codepoint) 	local result = lookup_control(codepoint) 	return (result == "assigned") or (result == "space-separator"), result end  function p.is_whitespace(codepoint) 	local result = lookup_control(codepoint) 	return (result == "space-separator"), result end  p.lookup_category = memo_lookup( 	"বিষয়শ্রেণী", 	function (codepoint, category) 		return category 	end, 	"Cn")  local lookup_script = memo_lookup( 	"লিপি", 	function (codepoint, script_code) 		return script_code or 'Zzzz' 	end, 	"Zzzz") p.lookup_script = lookup_script  function p.get_best_script(str) 	-- Check type of argument, because mw.text.decode coerces numbers to strings! 	require "libraryUtil".checkType("get_best_script", 1, str, "string") 	 	-- Convert HTML character references (including named character references, 	-- or character entities) to characters. 	str = mw.text.decode(str, true) 	 	local scripts = {} 	for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do 		local script = lookup_script(codepoint) 		 		-- Ignore "Inherited", "Undetermined", or "Uncoded" scripts. 		if not (script == "Zyyy" or script == "Zinh" or script == "Zzzz") then 			scripts[script] = true 		end 	end 	 	-- If scripts does not contain two or more keys, 	-- return first and only key (script code) in table. 	if not next(scripts, next(scripts)) then 		return next(scripts) 	end -- else return majority script, or else "Zzzz"? end  function p.is_Latin(str) 	require "libraryUtil".checkType("get_best_script", 1, str, "string") 	str = mw.text.decode(str, true) 	 	-- Search for the leading bytes that introduce the UTF-8 encoding of the 	-- code points U+0340-U+10FFFF. If they are not found and there is at least 	-- one Latin-script character, the string counts as Latin, because the rest 	-- of the characters can only be Zyyy, Zinh, and Zzzz. 	-- The only scripts found below U+0370 (the first code point of the Greek 	-- and Coptic block) are Latn, Zyyy, Zinh, and Zzzz. 	-- See the codepage in the UTF-8 article. 	if not str:find "[\205-\244]" then 		for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do 			if lookup_script(codepoint) == "Latn" then 				return true 			end 		end 	end 	 	local Latn = false 	 	for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do 		local script = lookup_script(codepoint) 		 		if script == "Latn" then 			Latn = true 		elseif not (script == "Zyyy" or script == "Zinh" 				or script == "Zzzz") then 			return false 		end 	end 	 	return Latn end  -- Checks that a string contains only characters belonging to right-to-left -- scripts, or characters of ignorable scripts. function p.is_rtl(str) 	require "libraryUtil".checkType("get_best_script", 1, str, "string") 	str = mw.text.decode(str, true) 	 	-- Search for the leading bytes that introduce the UTF-8 encoding of the 	-- code points U+0580-U+10FFFF. If they are not found, the string can only 	-- have characters from a left-to-right script, because the first code point 	-- in a right-to-left script is U+0591, in the Hebrew block. 	if not str:find "[\214-\244]" then 		return false 	end 	 	local result = false 	local rtl = loader["লিপি"].rtl 	for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do 		local script = lookup_script(codepoint) 		 		if rtl[script] then 			result = true 		elseif not (script == "Zyyy" or script == "Zinh" 				or script == "Zzzz") then 			return false 		end 	end 	 	return result end  local function get_codepoint(args, arg) 	local codepoint_string = args[arg] 		or errorf(2, "প্যারামিটার %s প্রয়োজন", tostring(arg)) 	local codepoint = tonumber(codepoint_string, 16) 		or errorf(2, "প্যারামিটার %s হেক্সাডেসিমাল বেসের কোনও কোড পয়েন্ট নয়", 			tostring(arg)) 	if not (0 <= codepoint and codepoint <= 0x10FFFF) then 		errorf(2, "প্যারামিটার %s এর কোড পয়েন্ট পরিসীমার বাইরে", tostring(arg)) 	end 	return codepoint end  local function get_func(args, arg, prefix) 	local suffix = args[arg] 		or errorf(2, "প্যারামিটার %s প্রয়োজন", tostring(arg)) 	suffix = mw.text.trim(suffix) 	local func_name = prefix .. suffix 	local func = p[func_name] 		or errorf(2, "'%s' নামক কোন ফাংশন নেই", func_name) 	return func end  -- This function allows any of the "lookup" functions to be invoked. The first -- parameter is the word after "lookup_"; the second parameter is the code point -- in hexadecimal base. function p.lookup(frame) 	local func = get_func(frame.args, 1, "lookup_") 	local codepoint = get_codepoint(frame.args, 2) 	local result = func(codepoint) 	if func == p.lookup_name then 		-- Prevent code point labels such as <control-0000> from being 		-- interpreted as HTML tags. 		result = result:gsub("<", "<") 	end 	return result end  function p.is(frame) 	local func = get_func(frame.args, 1, "is_") 	 	-- is_Latin and is_valid_pagename take strings. 	if func == p.is_Latin or func == p.is_valid_pagename or func == p.is_rtl then 		return (func(frame.args[2])) 	else -- The rest take code points. 		local codepoint = get_codepoint(frame.args, 2) 		return (func(codepoint)) -- Adjust to one result. 	end end  return p