local cs1 ={};  --[[--------------------------< F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S >-------------------------------------- ]]  local dates, year_date_check, reformat_dates, date_hyphen_to_dash				-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation  local is_set, in_array, substitute, error_comment, set_error, select_one,		-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities 	add_maint_cat, wrap_style, safe_for_italics, remove_wiki_link;  local z ={};																	-- tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities  local extract_ids, extract_id_access_levels, build_id_list, is_embargoed;					-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers  local make_coins_title, get_coins_pages, COinS;									-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/COinS  local cfg = {};																	-- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration local whitelist = {};															-- table of tables listing valid template parameter names; defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist  --[[--------------------------< P A G E   S C O P E   V A R I A B L E S >--------------------------------------  delare variables here that have page-wide scope that are not brought in from other modules; thatare created here and used here  ]]  local added_deprecated_cat;														-- boolean flag so that the category is added only once local added_prop_cats = {};														-- list of property categories that have been added to z.properties_cats local added_vanc_errs;															-- boolean flag so we only emit one Vancouver error / category  local Frame;																	-- holds the module's frame table  --[[--------------------------< F I R S T _ S E T >------------------------------------------------------------  Locates and returns the first set value in a table of values where the order established in the table, left-to-right (or top-to-bottom), is the order in which the values are evaluated.  Returns nil if none are set.  This version replaces the original 'for _, val in pairs do' and a similar version that used ipairs.  With the pairs version the order of evaluation could not be guaranteed.  With the ipairs version, a nil value would terminate the for-loop before it reached the actual end of the list.  ]]  local function first_set (list, count) 	local i = 1; 	while i <= count do															-- loop through all items in list 		if is_set( list[i] ) then 			return list[i];														-- return the first set list member 		end 		i = i + 1;																-- point to next 	end end  --[[--------------------------< A D D _ P R O P _ C A T >--------------------------------------------------------  Adds a category to z.properties_cats using names from the configuration file with additional text if any.  added_prop_cats is a table declared in page scope variables above  ]]  local function add_prop_cat (key, arguments) 	if not added_prop_cats [key] then 		added_prop_cats [key] = true;											-- note that we've added this category 		table.insert( z.properties_cats, substitute (cfg.prop_cats [key], arguments));		-- make name then add to table 	end end  --[[--------------------------< A D D _ V A N C _ E R R O R >----------------------------------------------------  Adds a single Vancouver system error message to the template's output regardless of how many error actually exist. To prevent duplication, added_vanc_errs is nil until an error message is emitted.  added_vanc_errs is a boolean declared in page scope variables above  ]]  local function add_vanc_error (source) 	if not added_vanc_errs then 		added_vanc_errs = true;													-- note that we've added this category 		table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'vancouver', {source}, true ) } ); 	end end  --[[--------------------------< I S _ S C H E M E >------------------------------------------------------------  does this thing that purports to be a uri scheme seem to be a valid scheme?  The scheme is checked to see if it is in agreement with http://tools.ietf.org/html/std66#section-3.1 which says: 	Scheme names consist of a sequence of characters beginning with a    letter and followed by any combination of letters, digits, plus    ("+"), period ("."), or hyphen ("-").  returns true if it does, else false  ]]  local function is_scheme (scheme) 	return scheme and scheme:match ('^%a[%a%d%+%.%-]*:');						-- true if scheme is set and matches the pattern end  --[=[-------------------------< I S _ D O M A I N _ N A M E >--------------------------------------------------  Does this thing that purports to be a domain name seem to be a valid domain name?  Syntax defined here: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1034#section-3.5 BNF defined here: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4234 Single character names are generally reserved; see https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-dnsind-iana-dns-01#page-15; 	see also Single-letter second-level domain list of tlds: https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db  rfc952 (modified by rfc 1123) requires the first and last character of a hostname to be a letter or a digit.  Between the first and last characters the name may use letters, digits, and the hyphen.  Also allowed are IPv4 addresses. IPv6 not supported  domain is expected to be stripped of any path so that the last character in the last character of the tld.  tld is two or more alpha characters.  Any preceding '//' (from splitting a url with a scheme) will be stripped here.  Perhaps not necessary but retained incase it is necessary for IPv4 dot decimal.  There are several tests: 	the first character of the whole domain name including subdomains must be a letter or a digit 	internationalized domain name (ascii characters with .xn-- ASCII Compatible Encoding (ACE) prefix xn-- in the tld) see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3490 	single-letter/digit second-level domains in the .org TLD 	q, x, and z SL domains in the .com TLD 	i and q SL domains in the .net TLD 	single-letter SL domains in the ccTLDs (where the ccTLD is two letters) 	two-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters) 	three-plus-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters) 	IPv4 dot-decimal address format; TLD not allowed  returns true if domain appears to be a proper name and tld or IPv4 address, else false  ]=]  local function is_domain_name (domain) 	if not domain then 		return false;															-- if not set, abandon 	end 	 	domain = domain:gsub ('^//', );											-- strip '//' from domain name if present; done here so we only have to do it once 	 	if not domain:match ('^[%a%d]') then										-- first character must be letter or digit 		return false; 	end 																				-- Do most common case first 	if domain:match ('%f[%a%d][%a%d][%a%d%-]+[%a%d]%.%a%a+$') then				-- three or more character hostname.hostname or hostname.tld 		return true; 	elseif domain:match ('%f[%a%d][%a%d][%a%d%-]+[%a%d]%.xn%-%-[%a%d]+$') then	-- internationalized domain name with ACE prefix 		return true; 	elseif domain:match ('%f[%a%d][%a%d]%.org$') then							-- one character .org hostname 		return true; 	elseif domain:match ('%f[%a][qxz]%.com$') then								-- assigned one character .com hostname (x.com times out 2015-12-10) 		return true; 	elseif domain:match ('%f[%a][iq]%.net$') then								-- assigned one character .net hostname (q.net registered but not active 2015-12-10) 		return true; 	elseif domain:match ('%f[%a%d][%a%d]%.%a%a$') then							-- one character hostname and cctld (2 chars) 		return true; 	elseif domain:match ('%f[%a%d][%a%d][%a%d]%.%a%a+$') then					-- two character hostname and tld 		return true; 	elseif domain:match ('^%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?') then		-- IPv4 address 		return true; 	else 		return false; 	end end  --[[--------------------------< I S _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------------------  returns true if the scheme and domain parts of a url appear to be a valid url; else false.  This function is the last step in the validation process.  This function is separate because there are cases that are not covered by split_url(), for example is_parameter_ext_wikilink() which is looking for bracketted external wikilinks.  ]]  local function is_url (scheme, domain) 	if is_set (scheme) then														-- if scheme is set check it and domain 		return is_scheme (scheme) and is_domain_name (domain); 	else 		return is_domain_name (domain);											-- scheme not set when url is protocol relative 	end end  --[[--------------------------< S P L I T _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------------  Split a url into a scheme, authority indicator, and domain.  First remove Fully Qualified Domain Name terminator (a dot following tld) (if any) and any path(/), query(?) or fragment(#).  If protocol relative url, return nil scheme and domain else return nil for both scheme and domain.  When not protocol relative, get scheme, authority indicator, and domain.  If there is an authority indicator (one or more '/' characters immediately following the scheme's colon), make sure that there are only 2.  Strip off any port and path;  ]]  local function split_url (url_str) 	local scheme, authority, domain; 	 	url_str = url_str:gsub ('([%a%d])%.?[/%?#].*$', '%1');						-- strip FQDN terminator and path(/), query(?), fragment (#) (the capture prevents false replacement of '//')  	if url_str:match ('^//%S*') then											-- if there is what appears to be a protocol relative url 		domain = url_str:match ('^//(%S*)') 	elseif url_str:match ('%S-:/*%S+') then										-- if there is what appears to be a scheme, optional authority indicator, and domain name 		scheme, authority, domain = url_str:match ('(%S-:)(/*)(%S+)');			-- extract the scheme, authority indicator, and domain portions 		authority = authority:gsub ('//', , 1);								-- replace place 1 pair of '/' with nothing; 		if is_set(authority) then												-- if anything left (1 or 3+ '/' where authority should be) then 			return scheme;														-- return scheme only making domain nil which will cause an error message 		end 		domain = domain:gsub ('(%a):%d+', '%1');								-- strip port number if present 	end 	 	return scheme, domain; end  --[[--------------------------< L I N K _ P A R A M _ O K >---------------------------------------------------  checks the content of |title-link=, |series-link=, |author-link= etc for properly formatted content: no wikilinks, no urls  Link parameters are to hold the title of a wikipedia article so none of the WP:TITLESPECIALCHARACTERS are allowed: 	# < > [ ] | { } _ except the underscore which is used as a space in wiki urls and # which is used for section links  returns false when the value contains any of these characters.  When there are no illegal characters, this function returns TRUE if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid url (the |<param>-link= parameter is ok); else false when value appears to be a valid url (the |<param>-link= parameter is NOT ok).  ]]  local function link_param_ok (value) 	local scheme, domain; 	if value:find ('[<>%[%]|{}]') then											-- if any prohibited characters 		return false; 	end  	scheme, domain = split_url (value);											-- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from url;  	return not is_url (scheme, domain);											-- return true if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid url end  --[[--------------------------< L I N K _ T I T L E _ O K >---------------------------------------------------  Use link_param_ok() to validate |<param>-link= value and its matching |<title>= value.  |<title>= may be wikilinked but not when |<param>-link= has a value.  This function emits an error message when that condition exists  ]]  local function link_title_ok (link, lorig, title, torig) local orig;  	if is_set (link) then 														-- don't bother if <param>-link doesn't have a value 		if not link_param_ok (link) then										-- check |<param>-link= markup 			orig = lorig;														-- identify the failing link parameter 		elseif title:find ('%[%[') then											-- check |title= for wikilink markup 			orig = torig;														-- identify the failing |title= parameter 		end 	end  	if is_set (orig) then 		table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'bad_paramlink', orig)});	-- url or wikilink in |title= with |title-link=; 	end end  --[[--------------------------< C H E C K _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------------  Determines whether a URL string appears to be valid.  First we test for space characters.  If any are found, return false.  Then split the url into scheme and domain portions, or for protocol relative (//example.com) urls, just the domain.  Use is_url() to validate the two portions of the url.  If both are valid, or for protocol relative if domain is valid, return true, else false.  Because it is different from a standard url, and because this module used external_link() to make external links that work for standard and news: links, we validate newsgroup names here.  The specification for a newsgroup name is at https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5536#section-3.1.4  ]]  local function check_url( url_str ) 	if nil == url_str:match ("^%S+$") then										-- if there are any spaces in |url=value it can't be a proper url 		return false; 	end 	local scheme, domain;  	scheme, domain = split_url (url_str);										-- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from url; 	 	if 'news:' == scheme then													-- special case for newsgroups 		return domain:match('^[%a%d%+%-_]+%.[%a%d%+%-_%.]*[%a%d%+%-_]$'); 	end 	 	return is_url (scheme, domain);												-- return true if value appears to be a valid url end  --[=[-------------------------< I S _ P A R A M E T E R _ E X T _ W I K I L I N K >----------------------------  Return true if a parameter value has a string that begins and ends with square brackets [ and ] and the first non-space characters following the opening bracket appear to be a url.  The test will also find external wikilinks that use protocol relative urls. Also finds bare urls.  The frontier pattern prevents a match on interwiki links which are similar to scheme:path urls.  The tests that find bracketed urls are required because the parameters that call this test (currently |title=, |chapter=, |work=, and |publisher=) may have wikilinks and there are articles or redirects like '//Hus' so, while uncommon, |title=[] is possible as might be en://Hus.  ]=]  local function is_parameter_ext_wikilink (value) local scheme, domain;  	if value:match ('%f[%[]%[%a%S*:%S+.*%]') then								-- if ext wikilink with scheme and domain: [xxxx://yyyyy.zzz] 		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f[%[]%[(%a%S*:%S+).*%]')); 	elseif value:match ('%f[%[]%') then								-- if protocol relative ext wikilink:  		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f[%[]%[(//%S+).*%]')); 	elseif value:match ('%a%S*:%S+') then										-- if bare url with scheme; may have leading or trailing plain text 		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(%a%S*:%S+)')); 	elseif value:match ('//%S+') then											-- if protocol relative bare url: //yyyyy.zzz; may have leading or trailing plain text 		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(//%S+)'));					-- what is left should be the domain 	else 		return false;															-- didn't find anything that is obviously a url 	end  	return is_url (scheme, domain);												-- return true if value appears to be a valid url end  --[[-------------------------< C H E C K _ F O R _ U R L >-----------------------------------------------------  loop through a list of parameters and their values.  Look at the value and if it has an external link, emit an error message.  ]]  local function check_for_url (parameter_list) local error_message = ; 	for k, v in pairs (parameter_list) do										-- for each parameter in the list 		if is_parameter_ext_wikilink (v) then									-- look at the value; if there is a url add an error message 			if is_set(error_message) then										-- once we've added the first portion of the error message ... 				error_message=error_message .. ", ";							-- ... add a comma space separator 			end 			error_message=error_message .. "|" .. k .. "=";				-- add the failed parameter 		end 	end 	if is_set (error_message) then												-- done looping, if there is an error message, display it 		table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'param_has_ext_link', {error_message}, true ) } ); 	end end  --[[--------------------------< S A F E _ F O R _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------  Escape sequences for content that will be used for URL descriptions  ]]  local function safe_for_url( str ) 	if str:match( "%[%[.-%]%]" ) ~= nil then  		table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'wikilink_in_url', {}, true ) } ); 	end 	 	return str:gsub( '[%[%]\n]', {	 		['['] = '[', 		[']'] = ']', 		['\n'] = ' ' } ); end  --[[--------------------------< E X T E R N A L _ L I N K >----------------------------------------------------  Format an external link with error checking  ]]  local function external_link( URL, label, source, access) 	local error_str = ""; 	local domain; 	local path; 	local base_url; 	 	if not is_set( label ) then 		label = URL; 		if is_set( source ) then 			error_str = set_error( 'bare_url_missing_title', { wrap_style ('parameter', source) }, false, " " ); 		else 			error( cfg.messages["bare_url_no_origin"] ); 		end			 	end 	if not check_url( URL ) then 		error_str = set_error( 'bad_url', {wrap_style ('parameter', source)}, false, " " ) .. error_str; 	end 	 	domain, path = URL:match ('^([/%.%-%+:%a%d]+)([/%?#].*)$');					-- split the url into scheme plus domain and path 	if path then																-- if there is a path portion 		path = path:gsub ('[%[%]]', {['[']='%5b',[']']='%5d'});					-- replace '[' and ']' with their percent encoded values 		URL=domain..path;														-- and reassemble 	end 	 	base_url = table.concat({ "[", URL, " ", safe_for_url( label ), "]" }); 	 	if is_set(access) then -- access level (free, paywalled, ...) 		base_url = substitute(cfg.presentation[access], base_url); 	end 	 	return table.concat({ base_url, error_str }); end  --[[--------------------------< D E P R E C A T E D _ P A R A M E T E R >--------------------------------------  Categorize and emit an error message when the citation contains one or more deprecated parameters.  The function includes the offending parameter name to the error message.  Only one error message is emitted regardless of the number of deprecated parameters in the citation.  added_deprecated_cat is a boolean declared in page scope variables above  ]]  local function deprecated_parameter(name) 	if not added_deprecated_cat then 		added_deprecated_cat = true;											-- note that we've added this category 		table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'deprecated_params', {name}, true ) } );		-- add error message 	end end  --[[--------------------------< K E R N _ Q U O T E S >--------------------------------------------------------  Apply kerning to open the space between the quote mark provided by the Module and a leading or trailing quote mark contained in a |title= or |chapter= parameter's value. This function will positive kern either single or double quotes: 	"'Unkerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks'" 	" 'Kerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks' " (in real life the kerning isn't as wide as this example) Double single quotes (italic or bold wikimarkup) are not kerned.  Replaces unicode quotemarks with typewriter quote marks regardless of the need for kerning.  Call this function for chapter titles, for website titles, etc; not for book titles.  ]]  local function kern_quotes (str) 	local cap=; 	local cap2=; 																				-- TODO: move this elswhere so that all title-holding elements get these quote marks replaced? 	str= mw.ustring.gsub (str, '[“”]', '\"');									-- replace “” (U+201C & U+201D) with " (typewriter double quote mark) 	str= mw.ustring.gsub (str, '[‘’]', '\);									-- replace ‘’ (U+2018 & U+2019) with ' (typewriter single quote mark) 	 	cap, cap2 = str:match ("^([\"\'])([^\'].+)");								-- match leading double or single quote but not double single quotes 	if is_set (cap) then 		str = substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], {cap, cap2}); 	end  	cap, cap2 = str:match ("^(.+[^\'])([\"\'])$") 	if is_set (cap) then 		str = substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], {cap, cap2}); 	end 	return str; end  --[[--------------------------< F O R M A T _ S C R I P T _ V A L U E >----------------------------------------  |script-title= holds title parameters that are not written in Latin based scripts: Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Hebrew, etc. These scripts should not be italicized and may be written right-to-left.  The value supplied by |script-title= is concatenated onto Title after Title has been wrapped in italic markup.  Regardless of language, all values provided by |script-title= are wrapped in ... tags to isolate rtl languages from the English left to right.  |script-title= provides a unique feature.  The value in |script-title= may be prefixed with a two-character ISO639-1 language code and a colon: 	|script-title=ja:*** *** (where * represents a Japanese character) Spaces between the two-character code and the colon and the colon and the first script character are allowed: 	|script-title=ja : *** *** 	|script-title=ja: *** *** 	|script-title=ja :*** *** Spaces preceding the prefix are allowed: |script-title = ja:*** ***  The prefix is checked for validity.  If it is a valid ISO639-1 language code, the lang attribute (lang="ja") is added to the <bdi> tag so that browsers can know the language the tag contains.  This may help the browser render the script more correctly.  If the prefix is invalid, the lang attribute is not added.  At this time there is no error message for this condition.  Supports |script-title= and |script-chapter=  TODO: error messages when prefix is invalid ISO639-1 code; when script_value has prefix but no script; ]]  local function format_script_value (script_value) 	local lang=;																-- initialize to empty string 	local name; 	if script_value:match('^%l%l%s*:') then										-- if first 3 non-space characters are script language prefix 		lang = script_value:match('^(%l%l)%s*:%s*%S.*');						-- get the language prefix or nil if there is no script 		if not is_set (lang) then 			return ;															-- script_value was just the prefix so return empty string 		end 																				-- if we get this far we have prefix and script 		name = mw.language.fetchLanguageName( lang, "en" );						-- get language name so that we can use it to categorize 		if is_set (name) then													-- is prefix a proper ISO 639-1 language code? 			script_value = script_value:gsub ('^%l%l%s*:%s*', );				-- strip prefix from script 																				-- is prefix one of these language codes? 			if in_array (lang, cfg.script_lang_codes) then 				add_prop_cat ('script_with_name', {name, lang}) 			else 				add_prop_cat ('script') 			end 			lang = ' lang="' .. lang .. '" ';									-- convert prefix into a lang attribute 		else 			lang = ;															-- invalid so set lang to empty string 		end 	end 	script_value = substitute (cfg.presentation['bdi'], {lang, script_value});	-- isolate in case script is rtl  	return script_value; end  --[[--------------------------< S C R I P T _ C O N C A T E N A T E >------------------------------------------  Initially for |title= and |script-title=, this function concatenates those two parameter values after the script value has been  wrapped in <bdi> tags. ]]  local function script_concatenate (title, script) 	if is_set (script) then 		script = format_script_value (script);									-- <bdi> tags, lang atribute, categorization, etc; returns empty string on error 		if is_set (script) then 			title = title .. ' ' .. script;										-- concatenate title and script title 		end 	end 	return title; end  --[[--------------------------< W R A P _ M S G >--------------------------------------------------------------  Applies additional message text to various parameter values. Supplied string is wrapped using a message_list configuration taking one argument.  Supports lower case text for  templates.  Additional text taken from citation_config.messages - the reason this function is similar to but separate from wrap_style().  ]]  local function wrap_msg (key, str, lower) 	if not is_set( str ) then 		return ""; 	end 	if true == lower then 		local msg; 		msg = cfg.messages[key]:lower();										-- set the message to lower case before  		return substitute( msg, str );										-- including template text 	else 		return substitute( cfg.messages[key], str ); 	end		 end  --[[--------------------------< F O R M A T _ C H A P T E R _ T I T L E >--------------------------------------  Format the four chapter parameters: |script-chapter=, |chapter=, |trans-chapter=, and |chapter-url= into a single Chapter meta- parameter (chapter_url_source used for error messages).  ]]  local function format_chapter_title (scriptchapter, chapter, transchapter, chapterurl, chapter_url_source, no_quotes) 	local chapter_error = ; 	 	if not is_set (chapter) then 		chapter = ;															-- to be safe for concatenation 	else 		if false == no_quotes then 			chapter = kern_quotes (chapter);										-- if necessary, separate chapter title's leading and trailing quote marks from Module provided quote marks 			chapter = wrap_style ('quoted-title', chapter); 		end 	end  	chapter = script_concatenate (chapter, scriptchapter)						-- <bdi> tags, lang atribute, categorization, etc; must be done after title is wrapped  	if is_set (transchapter) then 		transchapter = wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', transchapter); 		if is_set (chapter) then 			chapter = chapter ..  ' ' .. transchapter; 		else																	-- here when transchapter without chapter or script-chapter 			chapter = transchapter;												--  			chapter_error = ' ' .. set_error ('trans_missing_title', {'chapter'}); 		end 	end  	if is_set (chapterurl) then 		chapter = external_link (chapterurl, chapter, chapter_url_source, nil);		-- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate 	end  	return chapter .. chapter_error; end  --[[--------------------------< H A S _ I N V I S I B L E _ C H A R S >----------------------------------------  This function searches a parameter's value for nonprintable or invisible characters.  The search stops at the first match.  This function will detect the visible replacement character when it is part of the wikisource.  Detects but ignores nowiki and math stripmarkers.  Also detects other named stripmarkers (gallery, math, pre, ref) and identifies them with a slightly different error message.  See also coins_cleanup().  Detects but ignores the character pattern that results from the transclusion of  templates.  Output of this function is an error message that identifies the character or the Unicode group, or the stripmarker that was detected along with its position (or, for multi-byte characters, the position of its first byte) in the parameter value.  ]]  local function has_invisible_chars (param, v) 	local position = ;														-- position of invisible char or starting position of stripmarker 	local dummy;																-- end of matching string; not used but required to hold end position when a capture is returned 	local capture;																-- used by stripmarker detection to hold name of the stripmarker 	local i=1; 	local stripmarker, apostrophe; 	 	capture = string.match (v, '[%w%p ]*');										-- Test for values that are simple ASCII text and bypass other tests if true 	if capture == v then														-- if same there are no unicode characters 		return; 	end  	while cfg.invisible_chars[i] do 		local char=cfg.invisible_chars[i][1]									-- the character or group name 		local pattern=cfg.invisible_chars[i][2]									-- the pattern used to find it 		position, dummy, capture = mw.ustring.find (v, pattern)					-- see if the parameter value contains characters that match the pattern 		 		if position then 			if 'nowiki' == capture or 'math' == capture then 					-- nowiki, math stripmarker (not an error condition) 				stripmarker = true;												-- set a flag 			elseif true == stripmarker and 'delete' == char then				-- because stripmakers begin and end with the delete char, assume that we've found one end of a stripmarker 				position = nil;													-- unset 			else 				local err_msg; 				if capture then 					err_msg = capture .. ' ' .. char; 				else 					err_msg = char .. ' ' .. 'character'; 				end  				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'invisible_char', {err_msg, wrap_style ('parameter', param), position}, true ) } );	-- add error message 				return;															-- and done with this parameter 			end 		end 		i=i+1;																	-- bump our index 	end end  --[[--------------------------< A R G U M E N T _ W R A P P E R >----------------------------------------------  Argument wrapper.  This function provides support for argument mapping defined in the configuration file so that multiple names can be transparently aliased to single internal variable.  ]]  local function argument_wrapper( args ) 	local origin = {}; 	 	return setmetatable({ 		ORIGIN = function( self, k ) 			local dummy = self[k]; --force the variable to be loaded. 			return origin[k]; 		end 	}, 	{ 		__index = function ( tbl, k ) 			if origin[k] ~= nil then 				return nil; 			end 			 			local args, list, v = args, cfg.aliases[k]; 			 			if type( list ) == 'table' then 				v, origin[k] = select_one( args, list, 'redundant_parameters' ); 				if origin[k] == nil then 					origin[k] = ; -- Empty string, not nil 				end 			elseif list ~= nil then 				v, origin[k] = args[list], list; 			else 				-- maybe let through instead of raising an error? 				-- v, origin[k] = args[k], k; 				error( cfg.messages['unknown_argument_map'] ); 			end 			 			-- Empty strings, not nil; 			if v == nil then 				v = cfg.defaults[k] or ; 				origin[k] = ; 			end 			 			tbl = rawset( tbl, k, v ); 			return v; 		end, 	}); end  --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E >-------------------------------------------------------------- Looks for a parameter's name in the whitelist.  Parameters in the whitelist can have three values: 	true - active, supported parameters 	false - deprecated, supported parameters 	nil - unsupported parameters 	 ]]  local function validate( name ) 	local name = tostring( name ); 	local state = whitelist.basic_arguments[ name ]; 	 	-- Normal arguments 	if true == state then return true; end		-- valid actively supported parameter 	if false == state then 		deprecated_parameter (name);				-- parameter is deprecated but still supported 		return true; 	end 	 	-- Arguments with numbers in them 	name = name:gsub( "%d+", "#" );				-- replace digit(s) with # (last25 becomes last# 	state = whitelist.numbered_arguments[ name ]; 	if true == state then return true; end		-- valid actively supported parameter 	if false == state then 		deprecated_parameter (name);				-- parameter is deprecated but still supported 		return true; 	end 	 	return false;								-- Not supported because not found or name is set to nil end  --[[--------------------------< N O W R A P _ D A T E >--------------------------------------------------------  When date is YYYY-MM-DD format wrap in nowrap span: YYYY-MM-DD.  When date is DD MMMM YYYY or is MMMM DD, YYYY then wrap in nowrap span: DD MMMM YYYY or MMMM DD, YYYY  DOES NOT yet support MMMM YYYY or any of the date ranges.  ]]  local function nowrap_date (date) 	local cap=; 	local cap2=;  	if date:match("^%d%d%d%d%-%d%d%-%d%d$") then 		date = substitute (cfg.presentation['nowrap1'], date); 	 	elseif date:match("^%a+%s*%d%d?,%s+%d%d%d%d$") or date:match ("^%d%d?%s*%a+%s+%d%d%d%d$") then 		cap, cap2 = string.match (date, "^(.*)%s+(%d%d%d%d)$"); 		date = substitute (cfg.presentation['nowrap2'], {cap, cap2}); 	end 	 	return date; end  --[[--------------------------< S E T _ T I T L E T Y P E >----------------------------------------------------  This function sets default title types (equivalent to the citation including |type=<default value>) for those templates that have defaults. Also handles the special case where it is desirable to omit the title type from the rendered citation (|type=none).  ]]  local function set_titletype (cite_class, title_type) 	if is_set(title_type) then 		if "none" == title_type then 			title_type = "";													-- if |type=none then type parameter not displayed 		end 		return title_type;														-- if |type= has been set to any other value use that value 	end  	return cfg.title_types [cite_class] or ;									-- set template's default title type; else empty string for concatenation end  --[[--------------------------< H Y P H E N _ T O _ D A S H >--------------------------------------------------  Converts a hyphen to a dash  ]]  local function hyphen_to_dash( str ) 	if not is_set(str) or str:match( "[%[%]{}<>]" ) ~= nil then 		return str; 	end	 	return str:gsub( '-', '–' ); end  --[[--------------------------< S A F E _ J O I N >------------------------------------------------------------  Joins a sequence of strings together while checking for duplicate separation characters.  ]]  local function safe_join( tbl, duplicate_char ) 	--[[ 	Note: we use string functions here, rather than ustring functions. 	 	This has considerably faster performance and should work correctly as  	long as the duplicate_char is strict ASCII.  The strings 	in tbl may be ASCII or UTF8. 	]] 	 	local str = ;																-- the output string 	local comp = ;															-- what does 'comp' mean? 	local end_chr = ; 	local trim; 	for _, value in ipairs( tbl ) do 		if value == nil then value = ; end 		 		if str ==  then														-- if output string is empty 			str = value;														-- assign value to it (first time through the loop) 		elseif value ~=  then 			if value:sub(1,1) == '<' then										-- Special case of values enclosed in spans and other markup. 				comp = value:gsub( "%b<>", "" );								-- remove html markup (string -> string) 			else 				comp = value; 			end 																				-- typically duplicate_char is sepc 			if comp:sub(1,1) == duplicate_char then								-- is first charactier same as duplicate_char? why test first character? 																				--   Because individual string segments often (always?) begin with terminal punct for th 																				--   preceding segment: 'First element' .. 'sepc next element' .. etc? 				trim = false; 				end_chr = str:sub(-1,-1);										-- get the last character of the output string 				-- str = str .. "<HERE(enchr=" .. end_chr.. ")"					-- debug stuff? 				if end_chr == duplicate_char then								-- if same as separator 					str = str:sub(1,-2);										-- remove it 				elseif end_chr == "'" then										-- if it might be wikimarkup 					if str:sub(-3,-1) == duplicate_char .. "" then			-- if last three chars of str are sepc  						str = str:sub(1, -4) .. "";							-- remove them and add back 					elseif str:sub(-5,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]]" then		-- if last five chars of str are sepc]]  						trim = true;											-- why? why do this and next differently from previous? 					elseif str:sub(-4,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]" then		-- if last four chars of str are sepc]  						trim = true;											-- same question 					end 				elseif end_chr == "]" then										-- if it might be wikimarkup 					if str:sub(-3,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]]" then			-- if last three chars of str are sepc]] wikilink  						trim = true; 					elseif str:sub(-2,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]" then			-- if last two chars of str are sepc] external link 						trim = true; 					elseif str:sub(-4,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]" then		-- normal case when |url=something & |title=Title. 						trim = true; 					end 				elseif end_chr == " " then										-- if last char of output string is a space 					if str:sub(-2,-1) == duplicate_char .. " " then				-- if last two chars of str are <sepc><space> 						str = str:sub(1,-3);									-- remove them both 					end 				end  				if trim then 					if value ~= comp then 										-- value does not equal comp when value contains html markup 						local dup2 = duplicate_char; 						if dup2:match( "%A" ) then dup2 = "%" .. dup2; end		-- if duplicate_char not a letter then escape it 						 						value = value:gsub( "(%b<>)" .. dup2, "%1", 1 )			-- remove duplicate_char if it follows html markup 					else 						value = value:sub( 2, -1 );								-- remove duplicate_char when it is first character 					end 				end 			end 			str = str .. value;													--add it to the output string 		end 	end 	return str; end    --[[--------------------------< I S _ S U F F I X >------------------------------------------------------------  returns true is suffix is properly formed Jr, Sr, or ordinal in the range 2–9.  Puncutation not allowed.  ]]  local function is_suffix (suffix) 	if in_array (suffix, {'Jr', 'Sr', '2nd', '3rd'}) or suffix:match ('^%dth$') then 		return true; 	end 	return false; end  --[[--------------------------< I S _ G O O D _ V A N C _ N A M E >--------------------------------------------  For Vancouver Style, author/editor names are supposed to be rendered in Latin (read ASCII) characters.  When a name uses characters that contain diacritical marks, those characters are to converted to the corresponding Latin character. When a name is written using a non-Latin alphabet or logogram, that name is to be transliterated into Latin characters. These things are not currently possible in this module so are left to the editor to do.  This test allows |first= and |last= names to contain any of the letters defined in the four Unicode Latin character sets 	C0 Controls and Basic Latin 0041–005A, 0061–007A 	C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement 00C0–00D6, 00D8–00F6, 00F8–00FF 	Latin Extended-A 0100–017F 	Latin Extended-B 0180–01BF, 01C4–024F  |lastn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, and apostrophes. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/) |firstn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, apostrophes, and periods  This original test: 	if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, "^[A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿǄ-ɏ%-%s%']*$") or nil == mw.ustring.find (first, "^[A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿǄ-ɏ%-%s%'%.]+[2-6%a]*$") then was written ouside of the code editor and pasted here because the code editor gets confused between character insertion point and cursor position. The test has been rewritten to use decimal character escape sequence for the individual bytes of the unicode characters so that it is not necessary to use an external editor to maintain this code.  	\195\128-\195\150 – À-Ö (U+00C0–U+00D6 – C0 controls) 	\195\152-\195\182 – Ø-ö (U+00D8-U+00F6 – C0 controls) 	\195\184-\198\191 – ø-ƿ (U+00F8-U+01BF – C0 controls, Latin extended A & B) 	\199\132-\201\143 – Ǆ-ɏ (U+01C4-U+024F – Latin extended B)  ]]  local function is_good_vanc_name (last, first) 	local first, suffix = first:match ('(.-),?%s*([%dJS][%drndth]+)%.?$') or first;		-- if first has something that looks like a generational suffix, get it  	if is_set (suffix) then 		if not is_suffix (suffix) then 			add_vanc_error ('suffix'); 			return false;														-- not a name with an appropriate suffix 		end 	end 	if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, "^[A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143%-%s%']*$") or 		nil == mw.ustring.find (first, "^[A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143%-%s%'%.]*$") then 			add_vanc_error ('non-Latin character'); 			return false;														-- not a string of latin characters; Vancouver requires Romanization 	end; 	return true; end  --[[--------------------------< R E D U C E _ T O _ I N I T I A L S >------------------------------------------  Attempts to convert names to initials in support of |name-list-format=vanc.    Names in |firstn= may be separated by spaces or hyphens, or for initials, a period. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35062/.  Vancouver style requires family rank designations (Jr, II, III, etc) to be rendered as Jr, 2nd, 3rd, etc.  See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35085/. This code only accepts and understands generational suffix in the Vancouver format because Roman numerals look like, and can be mistaken for, initials.  This function uses ustring functions because firstname initials may be any of the unicode Latin characters accepted by is_good_vanc_name ().  ]]  local function reduce_to_initials(first) 	local name, suffix = mw.ustring.match(first, "^(%u+) ([%dJS][%drndth]+)$");  	if not name then															-- if not initials and a suffix 		name = mw.ustring.match(first, "^(%u+)$");								-- is it just intials? 	end  	if name then																-- if first is initials with or without suffix 		if 3 > name:len() then													-- if one or two initials 			if suffix then														-- if there is a suffix 				if is_suffix (suffix) then										-- is it legitimate? 					return first;												-- one or two initials and a valid suffix so nothing to do 				else 					add_vanc_error ('suffix');									-- one or two initials with invalid suffix so error message 					return first;												-- and return first unmolested 				end 			else 				return first;													-- one or two initials without suffix; nothing to do 			end 		end 	end																			-- if here then name has 3 or more uppercase letters so treat them as a word  	local initials, names = {}, {};												-- tables to hold name parts and initials 	local i = 1;																-- counter for number of initials  	names = mw.text.split (first, '[%s,]+');									-- split into a table of names and possible suffix  	while names[i] do															-- loop through the table 		if 1 < i and names[i]:match ('[%dJS][%drndth]+%.?$') then				-- if not the first name, and looks like a suffix (may have trailing dot) 			names[i] = names[i]:gsub ('%.', );								-- remove terminal dot if present 			if is_suffix (names[i]) then										-- if a legitimate suffix 				table.insert (initials, ' ' .. names[i]);						-- add a separator space, insert at end of initials table 				break;															-- and done because suffix must fall at the end of a name 			end																	-- no error message if not a suffix; possibly because of Romanization 		end 		if 3 > i then 			table.insert (initials, mw.ustring.sub(names[i],1,1));				-- insert the intial at end of initials table 		end 		i = i+1;																-- bump the counter 	end 			 	return table.concat(initials)												-- Vancouver format does not include spaces. end  --[[--------------------------< L I S T  _ P E O P L E >-------------------------------------------------------  Formats a list of people (e.g. authors / editors)   ]]  local function list_people(control, people, etal) 	local sep; 	local namesep; 	local format = control.format 	local maximum = control.maximum 	local lastauthoramp = control.lastauthoramp; 	local text = {}  	if 'vanc' == format then													-- Vancouver-like author/editor name styling? 		sep = ',';																-- name-list separator between authors is a comma 		namesep = ' ';															-- last/first separator is a space 	elseif 'mla' == control.mode then 		sep = ',';																-- name-list separator between authors is a comma 		namesep = ', '															-- last/first separator is <comma><space> 	else 		sep = ';'																-- name-list separator between authors is a semicolon 		namesep = ', '															-- last/first separator is <comma><space> 	end 	 	if sep:sub(-1,-1) ~= " " then sep = sep .. " " end 	if is_set (maximum) and maximum < 1 then return "", 0; end					-- returned 0 is for EditorCount; not used for authors 	 	for i,person in ipairs(people) do 		if is_set(person.last) then 			local mask = person.mask 			local one 			local sep_one = sep; 			if is_set (maximum) and i > maximum then 				etal = true; 				break; 			elseif (mask ~= nil) then 				local n = tonumber(mask) 				if (n ~= nil) then 					one = string.rep("—",n) 				else 					one = mask; 					sep_one = " "; 				end 			else 				one = person.last 				local first = person.first 				if is_set(first) then 					if 'mla' == control.mode then  						if i == 1 then											-- for mla 							one = one .. namesep .. first;						-- first name last, first 						else													-- all other names 							one = first .. ' ' .. one;							-- first last 						end 					else 						if ( "vanc" == format ) then								-- if vancouver format 							one = one:gsub ('%.', );								-- remove periods from surnames (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/) 							if not person.corporate and is_good_vanc_name (one, first) then					-- and name is all Latin characters; corporate authors not tested 								first = reduce_to_initials(first)					-- attempt to convert first name(s) to initials 							end 						end 						one = one .. namesep .. first; 					end 				end 				if is_set(person.link) and person.link ~= control.page_name then 					one = "" .. one .. ""				-- link author/editor if this page is not the author's/editor's page 				end 			end 			table.insert( text, one ) 			table.insert( text, sep_one ) 		end 	end  	local count = #text / 2;													-- (number of names + number of separators) divided by 2 	if count > 0 then  		if count > 1 and is_set(lastauthoramp) and not etal then 			if 'mla' == control.mode then 				text[#text-2] = ", and ";										-- replace last separator with ', and ' text 			else 				text[#text-2] = " & ";											-- replace last separator with ampersand text 			end 		end 		text[#text] = nil;														-- erase the last separator 	end 	 	local result = table.concat(text)											-- construct list 	if etal and is_set (result) then											-- etal may be set by |display-authors=etal but we might not have a last-first list 		result = result .. sep .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['et al'];					-- we've go a last-first list and etal so add et al. 	end 	 	return result, count end  --[[--------------------------< A N C H O R _ I D >------------------------------------------------------------  Generates a CITEREF anchor ID if we have at least one name or a date.  Otherwise returns an empty string.  namelist is one of the contributor-, author-, or editor-name lists chosen in that order.  year is Year or anchor_year.  ]] local function anchor_id (namelist, year) 	local names={};																-- a table for the one to four names and year 	for i,v in ipairs (namelist) do												-- loop through the list and take up to the first four last names 		names[i] = v.last  		if i == 4 then break end												-- if four then done 	end 	table.insert (names, year);													-- add the year at the end 	local id = table.concat(names);												-- concatenate names and year for CITEREF id 	if is_set (id) then															-- if concatenation is not an empty string 		return "CITEREF" .. id;													-- add the CITEREF portion 	else 		return ;																-- return an empty string; no reason to include CITEREF id in this citation 	end end  --[[--------------------------< N A M E _ H A S _ E T A L >----------------------------------------------------  Evaluates the content of author and editor name parameters for variations on the theme of et al.  If found, the et al. is removed, a flag is set to true and the function returns the modified name and the flag.  This function never sets the flag to false but returns it's previous state because it may have been set by previous passes through this function or by the parameters |display-authors=etal or |display-editors=etal  ]]  local function name_has_etal (name, etal, nocat)  	if is_set (name) then														-- name can be nil in which case just return 		local etal_pattern = "[;,]? *[\"']*%f[%a][Ee][Tt] *[Aa][Ll][%.\"']*$"	-- variations on the 'et al' theme 		local others_pattern = "[;,]? *%f[%a]and [Oo]thers";					-- and alternate to et al. 		 		if name:match (etal_pattern) then										-- variants on et al. 			name = name:gsub (etal_pattern, );								-- if found, remove 			etal = true;														-- set flag (may have been set previously here or by |display-authors=etal) 			if not nocat then													-- no categorization for |vauthors= 				add_maint_cat ('etal');											-- and add a category if not already added 			end 		elseif name:match (others_pattern) then									-- if not 'et al.', then 'and others'? 			name = name:gsub (others_pattern, );								-- if found, remove 			etal = true;														-- set flag (may have been set previously here or by |display-authors=etal) 			if not nocat then													-- no categorization for |vauthors= 				add_maint_cat ('etal');											-- and add a category if not already added 			end 		end 	end 	return name, etal;															--  end  --[[--------------------------< N A M E _ H A S _ M U L T _ N A M E S >----------------------------------------  Evaluates the content of author and editor (surnames only) parameters for multiple names.  Multiple names are indicated if there is more than one comma and or semicolon.  If found, the function adds the multiple name (author or editor) maintenance category.  ]]  local function name_has_mult_names (name, list_name) local count, _; 	if is_set (name) then 		if name:match ('^%(%(.*%)%)$') then										-- if wrapped in doubled parentheses, ignore  			name = name:match ('^%(%((.*)%)%)$');								-- strip parens 		else 			_, count = name:gsub ('[;,]', );									-- count the number of separator-like characters 			 			if 1 < count then													-- param could be |author= or |editor= so one separactor character is acceptable 				add_maint_cat ('mult_names', cfg.special_case_translation [list_name]);	-- more than one separator indicates multiple names so add a maint cat for this template 			end 		end 	end 	return name;																-- and done end  --[[--------------------------< E X T R A C T _ N A M E S >---------------------------------------------------- Gets name list from the input arguments  Searches through args in sequential order to find |lastn= and |firstn= parameters (or their aliases), and their matching link and mask parameters. Stops searching when both |lastn= and |firstn= are not found in args after two sequential attempts: found |last1=, |last2=, and |last3= but doesn't find |last4= and |last5= then the search is done.  This function emits an error message when there is a |firstn= without a matching |lastn=.  When there are 'holes' in the list of last names, |last1= and |last3= are present but |last2= is missing, an error message is emitted. |lastn= is not required to have a matching |firstn=.  When an author or editor parameter contains some form of 'et al.', the 'et al.' is stripped from the parameter and a flag (etal) returned that will cause list_people() to add the static 'et al.' text from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration.  This keeps 'et al.' out of the  template's metadata.  When this occurs, the page is added to a maintenance category.  ]]  local function extract_names(args, list_name) 	local names = {};			-- table of names 	local last;					-- individual name components 	local first; 	local link; 	local mask; 	local i = 1;				-- loop counter/indexer 	local n = 1;				-- output table indexer 	local count = 0;			-- used to count the number of times we haven't found a |last= (or alias for authors, |editor-last or alias for editors) 	local etal=false;			-- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. in an author parameter  	local err_msg_list_name = list_name:match ("(%w+)List") .. 's list';		-- modify AuthorList or EditorList for use in error messages if necessary 	while true do 		last = select_one( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'redundant_parameters', i );		-- search through args for name components beginning at 1 		first = select_one( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'redundant_parameters', i ); 		link = select_one( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'redundant_parameters', i ); 		mask = select_one( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'redundant_parameters', i );  		last, etal = name_has_etal (last, etal, false);							-- find and remove variations on et al. 		first, etal = name_has_etal (first, etal, false);						-- find and remove variations on et al. --		last = name_has_mult_names (last, err_msg_list_name);					-- check for multiple names in last and its aliases 		last = name_has_mult_names (last, list_name);					-- check for multiple names in last and its aliases 		 		if first and not last then												-- if there is a firstn without a matching lastn 			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'first_missing_last', {err_msg_list_name, i}, true ) } );	-- add this error message 		elseif not first and not last then										-- if both firstn and lastn aren't found, are we done? 			count = count + 1;													-- number of times we haven't found last and first 			if 2 <= count then													-- two missing names and we give up 				break;															-- normal exit or there is a two-name hole in the list; can't tell which 			end 		else																	-- we have last with or without a first 			link_title_ok (link, list_name:match ("(%w+)List"):lower() .. '-link' .. i, last, list_name:match ("(%w+)List"):lower() .. '-last' .. i);	-- check for improper wikimarkup  			names[n] = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate=false};	-- add this name to our names list (corporate for |vauthors= only) 			n = n + 1;															-- point to next location in the names table 			if 1 == count then													-- if the previous name was missing 				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'missing_name', {err_msg_list_name, i-1}, true ) } );		-- add this error message 			end 			count = 0;															-- reset the counter, we're looking for two consecutive missing names 		end 		i = i + 1;																-- point to next args location 	end 	 	return names, etal;															-- all done, return our list of names end  --[[--------------------------< G E T _ I S O 6 3 9 _ C O D E >------------------------------------------------  Validates language names provided in |language= parameter if not an ISO639-1 or 639-2 code.  Returns the language name and associated two- or three-character code.  Because case of the source may be incorrect or different from the case that WikiMedia uses, the name comparisons are done in lower case and when a match is found, the Wikimedia version (assumed to be correct) is returned along with the code.  When there is no match, we return the original language name string.  mw.language.fetchLanguageNames(<local wiki language>, 'all') return a list of languages that in some cases may include extensions. For example, code 'cbk-zam' and its associated name 'Chavacano de Zamboanga' (MediaWiki does not support code 'cbk' or name 'Chavacano'.  Names but that are included in the list will be found if that name is provided in the |language= parameter.  For example, if |language=Chavacano de Zamboanga, that name will be found with the associated code 'cbk-zam'.  When names are found and the associated code is not two or three characters, this function returns only the Wikimedia language name.  Adapted from code taken from Module:Check ISO 639-1.  ]]  local function get_iso639_code (lang, this_wiki_code) 	local languages = mw.language.fetchLanguageNames(this_wiki_code, 'all')		-- get a list of language names known to Wikimedia 																				-- ('all' is required for North Ndebele, South Ndebele, and Ojibwa) 	local langlc = mw.ustring.lower(lang);										-- lower case version for comparisons 	 	for code, name in pairs(languages) do										-- scan the list to see if we can find our language 		if langlc == mw.ustring.lower(name) then 			if 2 ~= code:len() and 3 ~= code:len() then							-- two- or three-character codes only; extensions not supported 				return name;													-- so return the name but not the code 			end 			return name, code;													-- found it, return name to ensure proper capitalization and the the code 		end 	end 	return lang;																-- not valid language; return language in original case and nil for the code end  --[[--------------------------< L A N G U A G E _ P A R A M E T E R >------------------------------------------  Gets language name from a provided two- or three-character ISO 639 code.  If a code is recognized by MediaWiki, use the returned name; if not, then use the value that was provided with the language parameter.  When |language= contains a recognized language (either code or name), the page is assigned to the category for that code: Category:Norwegian-language sources (no).  For valid three-character code languages, the page is assigned to the single category for '639-2' codes: Category:CS1 ISO 639-2 language sources.  Languages that are the same as the local wiki are not categorized.  MediaWiki does not recognize three-character equivalents of two-character codes: code 'ar' is recognized bit code 'ara' is not.  This function supports multiple languages in the form |language=nb, French, th where the language names or codes are separated from each other by commas.  ]]  local function language_parameter (lang) 	local code;																	-- the two- or three-character language code 	local name;																	-- the language name 	local language_list = {};													-- table of language names to be rendered 	local names_table = {};														-- table made from the value assigned to |language=  	local this_wiki = mw.getContentLanguage();									-- get a language object for this wiki 	local this_wiki_code = this_wiki:getCode()									-- get this wiki's language code 	local this_wiki_name = mw.language.fetchLanguageName(this_wiki_code, this_wiki_code);	-- get this wiki's language name  	names_table = mw.text.split (lang, '%s*,%s*');								-- names should be a comma separated list  	for _, lang in ipairs (names_table) do										-- reuse lang  		if lang:match ('^%a%a%-') then											-- strip ietf language tags from code; TODO: is there a need to support 3-char with tag? 			lang = lang:match ('(%a%a)%-')										-- keep only 639-1 code portion to lang; TODO: do something with 3166 alpha 2 country code? 		end 		if 2 == lang:len() or 3 == lang:len() then								-- if two-or three-character code 			name = mw.language.fetchLanguageName( lang:lower(), this_wiki_code);	-- get language name if |language= is a proper code 		end 	 		if is_set (name) then													-- if |language= specified a valid code 			code = lang:lower();												-- save it 		else 			name, code = get_iso639_code (lang, this_wiki_code);				-- attempt to get code from name (assign name here so that we are sure of proper capitalization) 		end 	 		if is_set (code) then													-- only 2- or 3-character codes 			if this_wiki_code ~= code then										-- when the language is not the same as this wiki's language 				if 2 == code:len() then											-- and is a two-character code 					add_prop_cat ('foreign_lang_source', {name, code})			-- categorize it 				else															-- or is a recognized language (but has a three-character code) 					add_prop_cat ('foreign_lang_source_2', {code})				-- categorize it differently TODO: support mutliple three-character code categories per cs1|2 template 				end 			end 		else 			add_maint_cat ('unknown_lang');										-- add maint category if not already added 		end 		 		table.insert (language_list, name); 		name = ;																-- so we can reuse it 	end 	 	code = #language_list														-- reuse code as number of languages in the list 	if 2 >= code then 		name = table.concat (language_list, ' and ')							-- insert '<space>and<space>' between two language names 	elseif 2 < code then 		language_list[code] = 'and ' .. language_list[code];					-- prepend last name with 'and<space>' 		name = table.concat (language_list, ', ')								-- and concatenate with '<comma><space>' separators 	end 	if this_wiki_name == name then 		return ;																-- if one language and that language is this wiki's return an empty string (no annotation) 	end 	return (" " .. wrap_msg ('language', name));								-- otherwise wrap with '(in ...)' 	--[[ TODO: should only return blank or name rather than full list 	so we can clean up the bunched parenthetical elements Language, Type, Format 	]] end  --[[--------------------------< S E T _ C S 1 _ S T Y L E >----------------------------------------------------  Set style settings for CS1 citation templates. Returns separator and postscript settings  ]]  local function set_cs1_style (ps) 	if not is_set (ps) then														-- unless explicitely set to something 		ps = '.';																-- terminate the rendered citation with a period 	end 	return '.', ps;																-- separator is a full stop end  --[[--------------------------< S E T _ C S 2 _ S T Y L E >----------------------------------------------------  Set style settings for CS2 citation templates. Returns separator, postscript, ref settings  ]]  local function set_cs2_style (ps, ref) 	if not is_set (ps) then														-- if |postscript= has not been set, set cs2 default 		ps = ;																-- make sure it isn't nil 	end 	if not is_set (ref) then													-- if |ref= is not set 		ref = "harv";															-- set default |ref=harv 	end 	return ',', ps, ref;														-- separator is a comma end  --[[--------------------------< G E T _ S E T T I N G S _ F R O M _ C I T E _ C L A S S >----------------------  When |mode= is not set or when its value is invalid, use config.CitationClass and parameter values to establish rendered style.  ]]  local function get_settings_from_cite_class (ps, ref, cite_class) 	local sep; 	if (cite_class == "citation") then											-- for citation templates (CS2) 		sep, ps, ref = set_cs2_style (ps, ref); 	else																		-- not a citation template so CS1 		sep, ps = set_cs1_style (ps); 	end  	return sep, ps, ref															-- return them all end  --[[--------------------------< S E T _ S T Y L E >------------------------------------------------------------  Establish basic style settings to be used when rendering the citation.  Uses |mode= if set and valid or uses config.CitationClass from the template's #invoke: to establish style.  ]]  local function set_style (mode, ps, ref, cite_class) 	local sep; 	if 'cs2' == mode then														-- if this template is to be rendered in CS2 (citation) style 		sep, ps, ref = set_cs2_style (ps, ref); 	elseif 'cs1' == mode then													-- if this template is to be rendered in CS1 (cite xxx) style 		sep, ps = set_cs1_style (ps); 	elseif 'mla' == mode then													-- if this template is to be rendered in mla style use cs1 for bot cs1 & cs2 templates 		sep, ps = set_cs1_style (ps); 	else																		-- anything but cs1 or cs2 		sep, ps, ref = get_settings_from_cite_class (ps, ref, cite_class);		-- get settings based on the template's CitationClass 	end 	if 'none' == ps:lower() then												-- if assigned value is 'none' then 		ps = ;																-- set to empty string 	end 	 	return sep, ps, ref end  --[=[-------------------------< I S _ P D F >------------------------------------------------------------------  Determines if a url has the file extension that is one of the pdf file extensions used by MediaWiki:Common.css when applying the pdf icon to external links.  returns true if file extension is one of the recognized extension, else false  ]=]  local function is_pdf (url) 	return url:match ('%.pdf[%?#]?') or url:match ('%.PDF[%?#]?'); end  --[[--------------------------< S T Y L E _ F O R M A T >------------------------------------------------------  Applies css style to |format=, |chapter-format=, etc.  Also emits an error message if the format parameter does not have a matching url parameter.  If the format parameter is not set and the url contains a file extension that is recognized as a pdf document by MediaWiki's commons.css, this code will set the format parameter to (PDF) with the appropriate styling.  ]]  local function style_format (format, url, fmt_param, url_param) 	if is_set (format) then 		format = wrap_style ('format', format);									-- add leading space, parenthases, resize 		if not is_set (url) then 			format = format .. set_error( 'format_missing_url', {fmt_param, url_param} );	-- add an error message 		end 	elseif is_pdf (url) then													-- format is not set so if url is a pdf file then 		format = wrap_style ('format', 'PDF');									-- set format to pdf 	else 		format = ;															-- empty string for concatenation 	end 	return format; end  --[[--------------------------< G E T _ D I S P L A Y _ A U T H O R S _ E D I T O R S >------------------------  Returns a number that defines the number of names displayed for author and editor name lists and a boolean flag to indicate when et al. should be appended to the name list.  When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is a number greater than or equal to zero, return the number and the previous state of the 'etal' flag (false by default but may have been set to true if the name list contains some variant of the text 'et al.').  When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is the keyword 'etal', return a number that is one greater than the number of authors in the list and set the 'etal' flag true.  This will cause the list_people() to display all of the names in the name list followed by 'et al.'  In all other cases, returns nil and the previous state of the 'etal' flag.  inputs: 	max: A['DisplayAuthors'] or A['DisplayEditors']; a number or some flavor of etal 	count: #a or #e 	list_name: 'authors' or 'editors' 	etal: author_etal or editor_etal  ]]  local function get_display_authors_editors (max, count, list_name, etal) 	if is_set (max) then 		if 'etal' == max:lower():gsub("[ '%.]", ) then						-- the :gsub() portion makes 'etal' from a variety of 'et al.' spellings and stylings 			max = count + 1;													-- number of authors + 1 so display all author name plus et al. 			etal = true;														-- overrides value set by extract_names() 		elseif max:match ('^%d+$') then											-- if is a string of numbers 			max = tonumber (max);												-- make it a number 			if max >= count then												-- if |display-xxxxors= value greater than or equal to number of authors/editors 				add_maint_cat ('disp_auth_ed', cfg.special_case_translation [list_name]); 			end 		else																	-- not a valid keyword or number 			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'invalid_param_val', {'display-' .. list_name, max}, true ) } );		-- add error message 			max = nil;															-- unset; as if |display-xxxxors= had not been set 		end 	end 	 	return max, etal; end  --[[--------------------------< E X T R A _ T E X T _ I N _ P A G E _ C H E C K >------------------------------  Adds page to Category:CS1 maint: extra text if |page= or |pages= has what appears to be some form of p. or pp.  abbreviation in the first characters of the parameter content.  check Page and Pages for extraneous p, p., pp, and pp. at start of parameter value: 	good pattern: '^P[^%.P%l]' matches when |page(s)= begins PX or P# but not Px where x and X are letters and # is a dgiit 	bad pattern: '^[Pp][Pp]' matches matches when |page(s)= begins pp or pP or Pp or PP  ]]  local function extra_text_in_page_check (page) --	local good_pattern = '^P[^%.P%l]'; 	local good_pattern = '^P[^%.Pp]';											-- ok to begin with uppercase P: P7 (pg 7 of section P) but not p123 (page 123) TODO: add Gg for PG or Pg? --	local bad_pattern = '^[Pp][Pp]'; 	local bad_pattern = '^[Pp]?[Pp]%.?[ %d]';  	if not page:match (good_pattern) and (page:match (bad_pattern) or  page:match ('^[Pp]ages?')) then 		add_maint_cat ('extra_text'); 	end --		if Page:match ('^[Pp]?[Pp]%.?[ %d]') or  Page:match ('^[Pp]ages?[ %d]') or --			Pages:match ('^[Pp]?[Pp]%.?[ %d]') or  Pages:match ('^[Pp]ages?[ %d]') then --				add_maint_cat ('extra_text'); --		end end  --[[--------------------------< G E T _ V _ N A M E _ T A B L E >----------------------------------------------  split apart a |vautthors= or |veditors= parameter.  This function allows for corporate names, wrapped in doubled parentheses to also have commas; in the old version of the code, the doubled parnetheses were included in the rendered citation and in the metadata.  	|vauthors=Jones AB, White EB, ((Black, Brown, and Co.))  This code is experimental and may not be retained.  ]] local function get_v_name_table (vparam, output_table) 	local name_table = mw.text.split(vparam, "%s*,%s*");						-- names are separated by commas 	 	local i = 1; 	 	while name_table[i] do 		if name_table[i]:match ('^%(%(.*[^%)][^%)]$') then						-- first segment of corporate with one or more commas; this segment has the opening doubled parens 			local name = name_table[i]; 			i=i+1;																-- bump indexer to next segment 			while name_table[i] do 				name = name .. ', ' .. name_table[i];							-- concatenate with previous segments 				if name_table[i]:match ('^.*%)%)$') then						-- if this table member has the closing doubled parens 					break;														-- and done reassembling so 				end 				i=i+1;															-- bump indexer 			end 			table.insert (output_table, name);									-- and add corporate name to the output table 		else 			table.insert (output_table, name_table[i]);							-- add this name  		end 		i = i+1; 	end	 	return output_table; end  --[[--------------------------< P A R S E _ V A U T H O R S _ V E D I T O R S >--------------------------------  This function extracts author / editor names from |vauthors= or |veditors= and finds matching |xxxxor-maskn= and |xxxxor-linkn= in args.  It then returns a table of assembled names just as extract_names() does.  Author / editor names in |vauthors= or |veditors= must be in Vancouver system style. Corporate or institutional names may sometimes be required and because such names will often fail the is_good_vanc_name() and other format compliance tests, are wrapped in doubled paranethese ((corporate name)) to suppress the format tests.  Supports generational suffixes Jr, 2nd, 3rd, 4th–6th.  This function sets the vancouver error when a reqired comma is missing and when there is a space between an author's initials.  ]]  local function parse_vauthors_veditors (args, vparam, list_name) 	local names = {};															-- table of names assembled from |vauthors=, |author-maskn=, |author-linkn= 	local v_name_table = {}; 	local etal = false;															-- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. vauthors parameter 	local last, first, link, mask, suffix; 	local corporate = false;  	vparam, etal = name_has_etal (vparam, etal, true);							-- find and remove variations on et al. do not categorize (do it here because et al. might have a period) 	if vparam:find ('%[%[') or vparam:find ('%]%]')	then						-- no wikilinking vauthors names 		add_vanc_error ('wikilink'); 	end 	v_name_table = get_v_name_table (vparam, v_name_table);						-- names are separated by commas  	for i, v_name in ipairs(v_name_table) do 		if v_name:match ('^%(%(.+%)%)$') then									-- corporate authors are wrapped in doubled parentheses to supress vanc formatting and error detection 			first = ;															-- set to empty string for concatenation and because it may have been set for previous author/editor 			last = v_name:match ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$')								-- remove doubled parntheses 			corporate = true;													-- flag used in list_people() 		elseif string.find(v_name, "%s") then 			if v_name:find('[;%.]') then										-- look for commonly occurring punctuation characters;  				add_vanc_error ('punctuation'); 			end 			local lastfirstTable = {} 			lastfirstTable = mw.text.split(v_name, "%s") 			first = table.remove(lastfirstTable);								-- removes and returns value of last element in table which should be author intials 			if is_suffix (first) then											-- if a valid suffix 				suffix = first													-- save it as a suffix and 				first = table.remove(lastfirstTable);							-- get what should be the initials from the table 			end																	-- no suffix error message here because letter combination may be result of Romanization; check for digits? 			last = table.concat(lastfirstTable, " ")							-- returns a string that is the concatenation of all other names that are not initials 			if mw.ustring.match (last, '%a+%s+%u+%s+%a+') then 				add_vanc_error ('missing comma');								-- matches last II last; the case when a comma is missing 			end 			if mw.ustring.match (v_name, ' %u %u$') then						-- this test is in the wrong place TODO: move or replace with a more appropriate test 				add_vanc_error ('name');										-- matches a space between two intiials 			end 		else 			first = ;															-- set to empty string for concatenation and because it may have been set for previous author/editor 			last = v_name;														-- last name or single corporate name?  Doesn't support multiword corporate names? do we need this? 		end 																 		if is_set (first) then 			if not mw.ustring.match (first, "^%u?%u$") then						-- first shall contain one or two upper-case letters, nothing else 				add_vanc_error ('initials');									-- too many initials; mixed case initials (which may be ok Romanization); hyphenated initials 			end 			is_good_vanc_name (last, first);									-- check first and last before restoring the suffix which may have a non-Latin digit 			if is_set (suffix) then 				first = first .. ' ' .. suffix;									-- if there was a suffix concatenate with the initials 				suffix = ;													-- unset so we don't add this suffix to all subsequent names 			end 		else 			if not corporate then 				is_good_vanc_name (last, ); 			end 		end 																				-- this from extract_names () 		link = select_one( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'redundant_parameters', i ); 		mask = select_one( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'redundant_parameters', i ); 		names[i] = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate=corporate};		-- add this assembled name to our names list 	end 	return names, etal;															-- all done, return our list of names end  --[[--------------------------< S E L E C T _ A U T H O R _ E D I T O R _ S O U R C E >------------------------  Select one of |authors=, |authorn= / |lastn / firstn=, or |vauthors= as the source of the author name list or select one of |editors=, |editorn= / editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= or |veditors= as the source of the editor name list.  Only one of these appropriate three will be used.  The hierarchy is: |authorn= (and aliases) highest and |authors= lowest and similarly, |editorn= (and aliases) highest and |editors= lowest  When looking for |authorn= / |editorn= parameters, test |xxxxor1= and |xxxxor2= (and all of their aliases); stops after the second test which mimicks the test used in extract_names() when looking for a hole in the author name list.  There may be a better way to do this, I just haven't discovered what that way is.  Emits an error message when more than one xxxxor name source is provided.  In this function, vxxxxors = vauthors or veditors; xxxxors = authors or editors as appropriate.  ]]  local function select_author_editor_source (vxxxxors, xxxxors, args, list_name) local lastfirst = false; 	if select_one( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'none', 1 ) or		-- do this twice incase we have a |first1= without a |last1=; this ... 		select_one( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'none', 1 ) or	-- ... also catches the case where |first= is used with |vauthors= 		select_one( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'none', 2 ) or 		select_one( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'none', 2 ) then 			lastfirst=true; 	end  	if (is_set (vxxxxors) and true == lastfirst) or								-- these are the three error conditions 		(is_set (vxxxxors) and is_set (xxxxors)) or 		(true == lastfirst and is_set (xxxxors)) then 			local err_name; 			if 'AuthorList' == list_name then									-- figure out which name should be used in error message 				err_name = 'author'; 			else 				err_name = 'editor'; 			end 			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'redundant_parameters', 				{err_name .. '-name-list parameters'}, true ) } );				-- add error message 	end  	if true == lastfirst then return 1 end;										-- return a number indicating which author name source to use 	if is_set (vxxxxors) then return 2 end; 	if is_set (xxxxors) then return 3 end; 	return 1;																	-- no authors so return 1; this allows missing author name test to run in case there is a first without last  end  --[[--------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ P A R A M E T E R _ V A L U E >------------------------------  This function is used to validate a parameter's assigned value for those parameters that have only a limited number of allowable values (yes, y, true, no, etc).  When the parameter value has not been assigned a value (missing or empty in the source template) the function refurns true.  If the parameter value is one of the list of allowed values returns true; else, emits an error message and returns false.  ]]  local function is_valid_parameter_value (value, name, possible, cite_class) -- begin hack to limit |mode=mla to a specific set of templates 	if ('mode' == name) and ('mla' == value) and not in_array (cite_class, {'book', 'journal', 'news'}) then 		table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'invalid_param_val', {name, value}, true ) } );	-- not an allowed value so add error message 		return false 	end -- end hack  	if not is_set (value) then 		return true;															-- an empty parameter is ok 	elseif in_array(value:lower(), possible) then 		return true; 	else 		table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'invalid_param_val', {name, value}, true ) } );	-- not an allowed value so add error message 		return false 	end end  --[[--------------------------< T E R M I N A T E _ N A M E _ L I S T >----------------------------------------  This function terminates a name list (author, contributor, editor) with a separator character (sepc) and a space when the last character is not a sepc character or when the last three characters are not sepc followed by two closing square brackets (close of a wikilink).  When either of these is true, the name_list is terminated with a single space character.  ]]  local function terminate_name_list (name_list, sepc) 	if (string.sub (name_list,-1,-1) == sepc) or (string.sub (name_list,-3,-1) == sepc .. ']]') then	-- if last name in list ends with sepc char 		return name_list .. " ";												-- don't add another 	else 		return name_list .. sepc .. ' ';										-- otherwise terninate the name list 	end end  --[[-------------------------< F O R M A T _ V O L U M E _ I S S U E >----------------------------------------  returns the concatenation of the formatted volume and issue parameters as a single string; or formatted volume or formatted issue, or an empty string if neither are set.  ]] 	 local function format_volume_issue (volume, issue, cite_class, origin, sepc, lower, mode) 	if not is_set (volume) and not is_set (issue) then 		return ; 	end 	 	if ('mla' == mode) and ('journal' == cite_class) then						-- same as cs1 for magazines 		lower = true;															-- mla 8th edition; force these to lower case 		if is_set (volume) and is_set (issue) then 			return wrap_msg ('vol-no', {sepc, volume, issue}, lower); 		elseif is_set (volume) then 			return wrap_msg ('vol', {sepc, volume}, lower); 		else 			return ; 		end 	end  	if 'magazine' == cite_class or (in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map'}) and 'magazine' == origin) then 		if is_set (volume) and is_set (issue) then 			return wrap_msg ('vol-no', {sepc, volume, issue}, lower); 		elseif is_set (volume) then 			return wrap_msg ('vol', {sepc, volume}, lower); 		else 			return wrap_msg ('issue', {sepc, issue}, lower); 		end 	end  	local vol = ; 		 	if is_set (volume) then 		if (4 < mw.ustring.len(volume)) then 			vol = substitute (cfg.messages['j-vol'], {sepc, volume}); 		else 			vol = substitute (cfg.presentation['vol-bold'], {sepc, hyphen_to_dash(volume)}); 		end 	end 	if is_set (issue) then 		return vol .. substitute (cfg.messages['j-issue'], issue); 	end 	return vol; end  --[[-------------------------< N O R M A L I Z E _ P A G E _ L I S T >-----------------------------------------  not currently used  normalizes a comma, ampersand, and/or space separated list to be '<value>, <value>, ..., <value>' returns list unchanged if there are no commas else strips whitespace and then reformats the list  ]] --[[ local function normalize_page_list (list) 	if not list:find ('[,& ]') then return list end								-- if list is not delimited with commas, ampersands, or spaces; done 	 	list = mw.text.split (list, '[,&%s]+');										-- make a table of values 	list = table.concat (list, ', ');											-- and now make a normalized list 	return list; end ]]  --[[-------------------------< F O R M A T _ P A G E S _ S H E E T S >-----------------------------------------  adds static text to one of |page(s)= or |sheet(s)= values and returns it with all of the others set to empty strings. The return order is: 	page, pages, sheet, sheets  Singular has priority over plural when both are provided.  ]]  local function format_pages_sheets (page, pages, sheet, sheets, cite_class, origin, sepc, nopp, lower, mode) 	if 'map' == cite_class then													-- only cite map supports sheet(s) as in-source locators 		if is_set (sheet) then 			if 'journal' == origin then 				return , , wrap_msg ('j-sheet', sheet, lower), ; 			else 				return , , wrap_msg ('sheet', {sepc, sheet}, lower), ; 			end 		elseif is_set (sheets) then 			if 'journal' == origin then 				return , , , wrap_msg ('j-sheets', sheets, lower); 			else 				return , , , wrap_msg ('sheets', {sepc, sheets}, lower); 			end 		end 	end  	local is_journal = 'journal' == cite_class or (in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map'}) and 'journal' == origin); 	 	if is_journal and 'mla' == mode then 		is_journal = false;														-- mla always uses p & pp 	end  	if is_set (page) then 		if is_journal then 			return substitute (cfg.messages['j-page(s)'], page), , , ; 		elseif not nopp then 			return substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, page}), , , ; 		else 			return substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, page}), , , ; 		end 	elseif is_set(pages) then 		if is_journal then 			return substitute (cfg.messages['j-page(s)'], pages), , , ; 		elseif tonumber(pages) ~= nil and not nopp then										-- if pages is only digits, assume a single page number 			return , substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, pages}), , ; 		elseif not nopp then 			return , substitute (cfg.messages['pp-prefix'], {sepc, pages}), , ; 		else 			return , substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, pages}), , ; 		end 	end 	 	return , , , ;														-- return empty strings end  --[=[-------------------------< A R C H I V E _ U R L _ C H E C K >--------------------------------------------  Check archive.org urls to make sure they at least look like they are pointing at valid archives and not to the  save snapshot url or to calendar pages.  When the archive url is 'https://web.archive.org/save/' (or http://...) archive.org saves a snapshot of the target page in the url.  That is something that Wikipedia should not allow unwitting readers to do.  When the archive.org url does not have a complete timestamp, archive.org chooses a snapshot according to its own algorithm or provides a calendar 'search' result.  WP:ELNO discourages links to search results.  This function looks at the value assigned to |archive-url= and returns empty strings for |archive-url= and |archive-date= and an error message when: 	|archive-url= holds an archive.org save command url 	|archive-url= is an archive.org url that does not have a complete timestamp (YYYYMMDDhhmmss 14 digits) in the 		correct place otherwise returns |archive-url= and |archive-date=  There are two mostly compatible archive.org urls: 	//web.archive.org/<timestamp>...		-- the old form 	//web.archive.org/web/<timestamp>...	-- the new form  The old form does not support or map to the new form when it contains a display flag.  There are four identified flags ('id_', 'js_', 'cs_', 'im_') but since archive.org ignores others following the same form (two letters and an underscore) we don't check for these specific flags but we do check the form.  This function supports a preview mode.  When the article is rendered in preview mode, this funct may return a modified archive url: 	for save command errors, return undated wildcard (/*/) 	for timestamp errors when the timestamp has a wildcard, return the url unmodified 	for timestamp errors when the timestamp does not have a wildcard, return with timestamp limited to six digits plus wildcard (/yyyymm*/)  ]=]  local function archive_url_check (url, date) 	local err_msg = ;															-- start with the error message empty 	local path, timestamp, flag;												-- portions of the archive.or url 	 	if not url:match('//web%.archive%.org/') then 		return url, date;														-- not an archive.org archive, return ArchiveURL and ArchiveDate 	end  	if url:match('//web%.archive%.org/save/') then								-- if a save command url, we don't want to allow saving of the target page  		err_msg = 'save command'; 		url = url:gsub ('(//web%.archive%.org)/save/', '%1/*/', 1);				-- for preview mode: modify ArchiveURL 	else 		path, timestamp, flag = url:match('//web%.archive%.org/([^%d]*)(%d+)([^/]*)/');		-- split out some of the url parts for evaluation 		 		if not is_set(timestamp) or 14 ~= timestamp:len() then					-- path and flag optional, must have 14-digit timestamp here 			err_msg = 'timestamp'; 			if '*' ~= flag then 				url=url:gsub ('(//web%.archive%.org/[^%d]*%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?)[^/]*', '%1*', 1)	-- for preview, modify ts to be yearmo* max (0-6 digits plus splat) 			end 		elseif is_set(path) and 'web/' ~= path then								-- older archive urls do not have the extra 'web/' path element 			err_msg = 'path'; 		elseif is_set (flag) and not is_set (path) then							-- flag not allowed with the old form url (without the 'web/' path element) 			err_msg = 'flag'; 		elseif is_set (flag) and not flag:match ('%a%a_') then					-- flag if present must be two alpha characters and underscore (requires 'web/' path element) 			err_msg = 'flag'; 		else 			return url, date;													-- return archiveURL and ArchiveDate 		end 	end 																				-- if here, something not right so 	table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'archive_url', {err_msg}, true ) } );	-- add error message and 	if is_set (Frame:preprocess('')) then 		return , ;															-- return empty strings for archiveURL and ArchiveDate 	else 		return url, date;														-- preview mode so return archiveURL and ArchiveDate 	end end  --[[--------------------------< M I S S I N G _ P I P E _ C H E C K >------------------------------------------  Look at the contents of a parameter. If the content has a string of characters and digits followed by an equal sign, compare the alphanumeric string to the list of cs1|2 parameters.  If found, then the string is possibly a parameter that is missing its pipe: 	  cs1|2 shares some parameter names with xml/html atributes: class=, title=, etc.  To prevent false positives xml/html tags are removed before the search.  If a missing pipe is detected, this function adds the missing pipe maintenance category.  ]]  local function missing_pipe_check (value) 	local capture; 	value = value:gsub ('%b<>', );											-- remove xml/html tags because attributes: class=, title=, etc   	capture = value:match ('%s+(%a[%a%d]+)%s*=') or value:match ('^(%a[%a%d]+)%s*=');	-- find and categorize parameters with possible missing pipes 	if capture and validate (capture) then								-- if the capture is a valid parameter name 		add_maint_cat ('missing_pipe'); 	end end  --[[--------------------------< C I T A T I O N 0 >------------------------------------------------------------  This is the main function doing the majority of the citation formatting.  ]]  local function citation0( config, args) 	--[[  	Load Input Parameters 	The argument_wrapper facilitates the mapping of multiple aliases to single internal variable. 	]] 	local A = argument_wrapper( args ); 	local i   	-- Pick out the relevant fields from the arguments.  Different citation templates 	-- define different field names for the same underlying things.	  -- set default parameter values defined by |mode= parameter.  If |mode= is empty or omitted, use CitationClass to set these values 	local Mode = A['Mode']; 	if not is_valid_parameter_value (Mode, 'mode', cfg.keywords['mode'], config.CitationClass) then 		Mode = ; 	end  	local author_etal; 	local a	= {};																-- authors list from |lastn= / |firstn= pairs or |vauthors= 	local Authors; 	local NameListFormat = A['NameListFormat']; 	local Collaboration = A['Collaboration'];  	do																			-- to limit scope of selected 		local selected = select_author_editor_source (A['Vauthors'], A['Authors'], args, 'AuthorList'); 		if 1 == selected then 			a, author_etal = extract_names (args, 'AuthorList');				-- fetch author list from |authorn= / |lastn= / |firstn=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn= 		elseif 2 == selected then 			NameListFormat = 'vanc';											-- override whatever |name-list-format= might be 			a, author_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, args.vauthors, 'AuthorList');	-- fetch author list from |vauthors=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn= 		elseif 3 == selected then 			Authors = A['Authors'];												-- use content of |authors= 			if 'authors' == A:ORIGIN('Authors') then							-- but add a maint cat if the parameter is |authors= 				add_maint_cat ('authors');										-- because use of this parameter is discouraged; what to do about the aliases is a TODO: 			end 		end 		if is_set (Collaboration) then 			author_etal = true;													-- so that |display-authors=etal not required 		end 	end  	local Coauthors = A['Coauthors']; 	local Others = A['Others'];  	local editor_etal; 	local e	= {};																-- editors list from |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= pairs or |veditors= 	local Editors;  	do																			-- to limit scope of selected 		local selected = select_author_editor_source (A['Veditors'], A['Editors'], args, 'EditorList'); 		if 1 == selected then 			e, editor_etal = extract_names (args, 'EditorList');				-- fetch editor list from |editorn= / |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn= 		elseif 2 == selected then 			NameListFormat = 'vanc';											-- override whatever |name-list-format= might be 			e, editor_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, args.veditors, 'EditorList');	-- fetch editor list from |veditors=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn= 		elseif 3 == selected then 			Editors = A['Editors'];												-- use content of |editors= 			add_maint_cat ('editors');											-- but add a maint cat because use of this parameter is discouraged 		end 	end  	local t = {};																-- translators list from |translator-lastn= / translator-firstn= pairs 	local Translators;															-- assembled translators name list 	t = extract_names (args, 'TranslatorList');									-- fetch translator list from |translatorn= / |translator-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn= 	 	local Interviewers = A['Interviewers'] 	 	local c = {};																-- contributors list from |contributor-lastn= / contributor-firstn= pairs 	local Contributors;															-- assembled contributors name list 	local Contribution = A['Contribution']; 	if in_array(config.CitationClass, {"book","citation"}) and not is_set(A['Periodical']) then	-- |contributor= and |contribution= only supported in book cites 		c = extract_names (args, 'ContributorList');							-- fetch contributor list from |contributorn= / |contributor-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn= 		 		if 0 < #c then 			if not is_set (Contribution) then									-- |contributor= requires |contribution= 				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'contributor_missing_required_param', 'contribution')});	-- add missing contribution error message 				c = {};															-- blank the contributors' table; it is used as a flag later 			end 			if 0 == #a then														-- |contributor= requires |author= 				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'contributor_missing_required_param', 'author')});	-- add missing author error message 				c = {};															-- blank the contributors' table; it is used as a flag later 			end 		end 	else																		-- if not a book cite 		if select_one (args, cfg.aliases['ContributorList-Last'], 'redundant_parameters', 1 ) then	-- are there contributor name list parameters? 			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'contributor_ignored')});	-- add contributor ignored error message 		end 		Contribution = nil;														-- unset 	end  	if not is_valid_parameter_value (NameListFormat, 'name-list-format', cfg.keywords['name-list-format']) then			-- only accepted value for this parameter is 'vanc' 		NameListFormat = ;													-- anything else, set to empty string 	end  	local Year = A['Year']; 	local PublicationDate = A['PublicationDate']; 	local OrigYear = A['OrigYear']; 	local Date = A['Date']; 	local LayDate = A['LayDate']; 	------------------------------------------------- Get title data 	local Title = A['Title']; 	local ScriptTitle = A['ScriptTitle']; 	local BookTitle = A['BookTitle']; 	local Conference = A['Conference']; 	local TransTitle = A['TransTitle']; 	local TitleNote = A['TitleNote']; 	local TitleLink = A['TitleLink']; 			link_title_ok (TitleLink, A:ORIGIN ('TitleLink'), Title, 'title');	-- check for wikimarkup in |title-link= or wikimarkup in |title= when |title-link= is set  	local Chapter = A['Chapter']; 	local ScriptChapter = A['ScriptChapter']; 	local ChapterLink	-- = A['ChapterLink'];									-- deprecated as a parameter but still used internally by cite episode 	local TransChapter = A['TransChapter']; 	local TitleType = A['TitleType']; 	local Degree = A['Degree']; 	local Docket = A['Docket']; 	local ArchiveFormat = A['ArchiveFormat'];  	local ArchiveDate; 	local ArchiveURL;  	ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate = archive_url_check (A['ArchiveURL'], A['ArchiveDate']) 	 	local DeadURL = A['DeadURL'] 		if not is_valid_parameter_value (DeadURL, 'dead-url', cfg.keywords ['deadurl']) then	-- set in config.defaults to 'yes' 			DeadURL = ;														-- anything else, set to empty string 		end  	local URL = A['URL'] 	local URLorigin = A:ORIGIN('URL');											-- get name of parameter that holds URL 	local ChapterURL = A['ChapterURL']; 	local ChapterURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('ChapterURL');							-- get name of parameter that holds ChapterURL 	local ConferenceFormat = A['ConferenceFormat']; 	local ConferenceURL = A['ConferenceURL']; 	local ConferenceURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('ConferenceURL');						-- get name of parameter that holds ConferenceURL 	local Periodical = A['Periodical']; 	local Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('Periodical');							-- get the name of the periodical parameter  	local Series = A['Series']; 	 	local Volume; 	local Issue; 	local Page; 	local Pages; 	local At; 																				-- previously conference books did not support volume --	if in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_volume) and not ('conference' == config.CitationClass and not is_set (Periodical)) then 	if in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_volume) then 		Volume = A['Volume']; 	end 																				-- conference & map books do not support issue 	if in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_issue) and not (in_array (config.CitationClass, {'conference', 'map'}) and not is_set (Periodical))then 		Issue = A['Issue']; 	end 	local Position = ; 	if not in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_not_using_page) then 		Page = A['Page']; 		Pages = hyphen_to_dash( A['Pages'] );	 		At = A['At']; 	end  	local Edition = A['Edition']; 	local PublicationPlace = A['PublicationPlace'] 	local Place = A['Place']; 	 	local PublisherName = A['PublisherName']; 	local RegistrationRequired = A['RegistrationRequired']; 		if not is_valid_parameter_value (RegistrationRequired, 'registration', cfg.keywords ['yes_true_y']) then 			RegistrationRequired=nil; 		end 	local SubscriptionRequired = A['SubscriptionRequired']; 		if not is_valid_parameter_value (SubscriptionRequired, 'subscription', cfg.keywords ['yes_true_y']) then 			SubscriptionRequired=nil; 		end 	local UrlAccess = A['UrlAccess']; 		if not is_valid_parameter_value (UrlAccess, 'url-access', cfg.keywords ['url-access']) then 			UrlAccess = nil; 		end 		if not is_set(URL) and is_set(UrlAccess) then 			UrlAccess = nil; 			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'param_access_requires_param', {'url'}, true ) } ); 		end  		if is_set (UrlAccess) and is_set (SubscriptionRequired) then			-- while not aliases, these are much the same so if both are set 			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'redundant_parameters', {wrap_style ('parameter', 'url-access') .. ' and ' .. wrap_style ('parameter', 'subscription')}, true ) } );		-- add error message 			SubscriptionRequired = nil;											-- unset; prefer |access= over |subscription= 		end 		if is_set (UrlAccess) and is_set (RegistrationRequired) then			-- these are not the same but contradictory so if both are set 			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'redundant_parameters', {wrap_style ('parameter', 'url-access') .. ' and ' .. wrap_style ('parameter', 'registration')}, true ) } );		-- add error message 			RegistrationRequired = nil;											-- unset; prefer |access= over |registration= 		end  	local Via = A['Via']; 	local AccessDate = A['AccessDate']; 	local Agency = A['Agency'];  	local Language = A['Language']; 	local Format = A['Format']; 	local ChapterFormat = A['ChapterFormat']; 	local DoiBroken = A['DoiBroken']; 	local ID = A['ID']; 	local ASINTLD = A['ASINTLD']; 	local IgnoreISBN = A['IgnoreISBN']; 		if not is_valid_parameter_value (IgnoreISBN, 'ignore-isbn-error', cfg.keywords ['yes_true_y']) then 			IgnoreISBN = nil;													-- anything else, set to empty string 		end 	local Embargo = A['Embargo']; 	local Class = A['Class'];													-- arxiv class identifier  	local ID_list = extract_ids( args ); 	local ID_access_levels = extract_id_access_levels( args, ID_list );  	local Quote = A['Quote'];  	local LayFormat = A['LayFormat']; 	local LayURL = A['LayURL']; 	local LaySource = A['LaySource']; 	local Transcript = A['Transcript']; 	local TranscriptFormat = A['TranscriptFormat']; 	local TranscriptURL = A['TranscriptURL']  	local TranscriptURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('TranscriptURL');						-- get name of parameter that holds TranscriptURL  	local LastAuthorAmp = A['LastAuthorAmp']; 		if not is_valid_parameter_value (LastAuthorAmp, 'last-author-amp', cfg.keywords ['yes_true_y']) then 			LastAuthorAmp = nil;												-- set to empty string 		end 		if 'mla' == Mode then												 			LastAuthorAmp = 'yes';												-- replaces last author/editor separator with ' and ' text 		end 	local no_tracking_cats = A['NoTracking']; 		if not is_valid_parameter_value (no_tracking_cats, 'no-tracking', cfg.keywords ['yes_true_y']) then 			no_tracking_cats = nil;												-- set to empty string 		end  --these deprecated parameters are used by cite interview 	local Callsign = A['Callsign']; 	local City = A['City']; 	local Program = A['Program'];  --local variables that are not cs1 parameters 	local use_lowercase;														-- controls capitalization of certain static text 	local this_page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle();								-- also used for COinS and for language 	local anchor_year;															-- used in the CITEREF identifier 	local COinS_date = {};														-- holds date info extracted from |date= for the COinS metadata by Module:Date verification  	local DF = A['DF'];															-- date format set in cs1|2 template 	if not is_valid_parameter_value (DF, 'df', cfg.keywords['date-format']) then	-- validate reformatting keyword 		DF = ;																-- not valid, set to empty string 	end  	local sepc;											-- separator between citation elements for CS1 a period, for CS2, a comma 	local PostScript; 	local Ref; 	sepc, PostScript, Ref = set_style (Mode:lower(), A['PostScript'], A['Ref'], config.CitationClass); 	use_lowercase = ( sepc == ',' );					-- used to control capitalization for certain static text  --check this page to see if it is in one of the namespaces that cs1 is not supposed to add to the error categories 	if not is_set (no_tracking_cats) then										-- ignore if we are already not going to categorize this page 		if in_array (this_page.nsText, cfg.uncategorized_namespaces) then 			no_tracking_cats = "true";											-- set no_tracking_cats 		end 		for _,v in ipairs (cfg.uncategorized_subpages) do						-- cycle through page name patterns 			if this_page.text:match (v) then									-- test page name against each pattern 				no_tracking_cats = "true";										-- set no_tracking_cats 				break;															-- bail out if one is found 			end 		end 	end  -- check for extra |page=, |pages= or |at= parameters. (also sheet and sheets while we're at it) 	select_one( args, {'page', 'p', 'pp', 'pages', 'at', 'sheet', 'sheets'}, 'redundant_parameters' );		-- this is a dummy call simply to get the error message and category  	local NoPP = A['NoPP']  	if is_set (NoPP) and is_valid_parameter_value (NoPP, 'nopp', cfg.keywords ['yes_true_y']) then 		NoPP = true; 	else 		NoPP = nil;																-- unset, used as a flag later 	end  	if is_set(Page) then 		if is_set(Pages) or is_set(At) then 			Pages = ;															-- unset the others 			At = ; 		end 		extra_text_in_page_check (Page);										-- add this page to maint cat if |page= value begins with what looks like p. or pp. 	elseif is_set(Pages) then 		if is_set(At) then 			At = ;															-- unset 		end 		extra_text_in_page_check (Pages);										-- add this page to maint cat if |pages= value begins with what looks like p. or pp. 	end	  -- both |publication-place= and |place= (|location=) allowed if different 	if not is_set(PublicationPlace) and is_set(Place) then 		PublicationPlace = Place;							-- promote |place= (|location=) to |publication-place 	end 	 	if PublicationPlace == Place then Place = ; end		-- don't need both if they are the same 	 --[[ Parameter remapping for cite encyclopedia: When the citation has these parameters: 	|encyclopedia and |title then map |title to |article and |encyclopedia to |title 	|encyclopedia and |article then map |encyclopedia to |title 	|encyclopedia then map |encyclopedia to |title  	|trans_title maps to |trans_chapter when |title is re-mapped 	|url maps to |chapterurl when |title is remapped  All other combinations of |encyclopedia, |title, and |article are not modified  ]]  local Encyclopedia = A['Encyclopedia'];  	if ( config.CitationClass == "encyclopaedia" ) or ( config.CitationClass == "citation" and is_set (Encyclopedia)) then	-- test code for citation 		if is_set(Periodical) then												-- Periodical is set when |encyclopedia is set 			if is_set(Title) or is_set (ScriptTitle) then 				if not is_set(Chapter) then 					Chapter = Title;											-- |encyclopedia and |title are set so map |title to |article and |encyclopedia to |title 					ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle; 					TransChapter = TransTitle; 					ChapterURL = URL; 					if not is_set (ChapterURL) and is_set (TitleLink) then 						Chapter= '' .. Chapter .. ''; 					end 					Title = Periodical; 					ChapterFormat = Format; 					Periodical = ;											-- redundant so unset 					TransTitle = ; 					URL = ; 					Format = ; 					TitleLink = ; 					ScriptTitle = ; 				end 			else																-- |title not set 				Title = Periodical;												-- |encyclopedia set and |article set or not set so map |encyclopedia to |title 				Periodical = ;												-- redundant so unset 			end 		end 	end  -- Special case for cite techreport. 	if (config.CitationClass == "techreport") then								-- special case for cite techreport 		if is_set(A['Number']) then												-- cite techreport uses 'number', which other citations alias to 'issue' 			if not is_set(ID) then												-- can we use ID for the "number"? 				ID = A['Number'];												-- yes, use it 			else																-- ID has a value so emit error message 				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error('redundant_parameters', {wrap_style ('parameter', 'id') .. ' and ' .. wrap_style ('parameter', 'number')}, true )}); 			end 		end	 	end  -- special case for cite interview -- TODO: make cite interview not need any special cases --[[ Program, Callsign, City deprecated, so avoid using /Configuration for reassignment, which would allow these parameters' use outside interview ]] 	if (config.CitationClass == "interview") then 		if is_set(Program) then 			if not is_set(Periodical) then 				Periodical = Program; 			end 		end 		if is_set(Callsign) then 			if not is_set(PublisherName) then 				PublisherName = Callsign; 			end 		end 		if is_set(City) then 			if not is_set(PublicationPlace) then 				PublicationPlace = City; 			end 		end 	end  -- special case for cite mailing list 	if (config.CitationClass == "mailinglist") then 		Periodical = A ['MailingList']; 	elseif 'mailinglist' == A:ORIGIN('Periodical') then 		Periodical = ;														-- unset because mailing list is only used for cite mailing list 	end  -- Account for the oddity that is , before generation of COinS data. 	if 'conference' == config.CitationClass then 		if is_set(BookTitle) then 			Chapter = Title; --			ChapterLink = TitleLink;											-- |chapterlink= is deprecated 			ChapterURL = URL; 			ChapterURLorigin = URLorigin; 			URLorigin = ; 			ChapterFormat = Format; 			TransChapter = TransTitle; 			Title = BookTitle; 			Format = ; --			TitleLink = ; 			TransTitle = ; 			URL = ; 		end 	elseif 'speech' ~= config.CitationClass then 		Conference = ;														-- not cite conference or cite speech so make sure this is empty string 	end  -- cite map oddities 	local Cartography = ""; 	local Scale = ""; 	local Sheet = A['Sheet'] or ; 	local Sheets = A['Sheets'] or ; 	if config.CitationClass == "map" then 		Chapter = A['Map']; 		ChapterURL = A['MapURL']; 		TransChapter = A['TransMap']; 		ChapterURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('MapURL'); 		ChapterFormat = A['MapFormat']; 		 		Cartography = A['Cartography']; 		if is_set( Cartography ) then 			Cartography = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('cartography', Cartography, use_lowercase); 		end		 		Scale = A['Scale']; 		if is_set( Scale ) then 			Scale = sepc .. " " .. Scale; 		end 	end  -- Account for the oddities that are  and , before generation of COinS data. 	if 'episode' == config.CitationClass or 'serial' == config.CitationClass then 		local AirDate = A['AirDate']; 		local SeriesLink = A['SeriesLink'];  		link_title_ok (SeriesLink, A:ORIGIN ('SeriesLink'), Series, 'series');	-- check for wikimarkup in |series-link= or wikimarkup in |series= when |series-link= is set  		local Network = A['Network']; 		local Station = A['Station']; 		local s, n = {}, {}; 																				-- do common parameters first 		if is_set(Network) then table.insert(n, Network); end 		if is_set(Station) then table.insert(n, Station); end 		ID = table.concat(n, sepc .. ' '); 		 		if not is_set (Date) and is_set (AirDate) then							-- promote airdate to date 			Date = AirDate; 		end  		if 'episode' == config.CitationClass then								-- handle the oddities that are strictly  			local Season = A['Season']; 			local SeriesNumber = A['SeriesNumber'];  			if is_set (Season) and is_set (SeriesNumber) then					-- these are mutually exclusive so if both are set 				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'redundant_parameters', {wrap_style ('parameter', 'season') .. ' and ' .. wrap_style ('parameter', 'seriesno')}, true ) } );		-- add error message 				SeriesNumber = ;												-- unset; prefer |season= over |seriesno= 			end 																				-- assemble a table of parts concatenated later into Series 			if is_set(Season) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('season', Season, use_lowercase)); end 			if is_set(SeriesNumber) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('series', SeriesNumber, use_lowercase)); end 			if is_set(Issue) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('episode', Issue, use_lowercase)); end 			Issue = ;															-- unset because this is not a unique parameter 	 			Chapter = Title;													-- promote title parameters to chapter 			ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle; 			ChapterLink = TitleLink;											-- alias episodelink 			TransChapter = TransTitle; 			ChapterURL = URL; 			ChapterURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('URL'); 			 			Title = Series;														-- promote series to title 			TitleLink = SeriesLink; 			Series = table.concat(s, sepc .. ' ');								-- this is concatenation of season, seriesno, episode number  			if is_set (ChapterLink) and not is_set (ChapterURL) then			-- link but not URL 				Chapter = '' .. Chapter .. '';		-- ok to wikilink 			elseif is_set (ChapterLink) and is_set (ChapterURL) then			-- if both are set, URL links episode; 				Series = '' .. Series .. '';			-- series links with ChapterLink (episodelink -> TitleLink -> ChapterLink) ugly 			end 			URL = ;															-- unset 			TransTitle = ; 			ScriptTitle = ; 			 		else																	-- now oddities that are cite serial 			Issue = ;															-- unset because this parameter no longer supported by the citation/core version of cite serial 			Chapter = A['Episode'];												-- TODO: make |episode= available to cite episode someday? 			if is_set (Series) and is_set (SeriesLink) then 				Series = '' .. Series .. ''; 			end 			Series = wrap_style ('italic-title', Series);						-- series is italicized 		end	 	end -- end of  stuff  -- Account for the oddities that are , before generation of COinS data. 	if 'arxiv' == config.CitationClass then 		if not is_set (ID_list['ARXIV']) then									-- |arxiv= or |eprint= required for cite arxiv 			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'arxiv_missing', {}, true ) } );		-- add error message 		elseif is_set (Series) then												-- series is an alias of version 			ID_list['ARXIV'] = ID_list['ARXIV'] .. Series;						-- concatenate version onto the end of the arxiv identifier 			Series = ;														-- unset 			deprecated_parameter ('version');									-- deprecated parameter but only for cite arxiv 		end 		 		if first_set ({AccessDate, At, Authors, Chapter, Format, Page, Pages, Periodical, PublisherName, URL,	-- a crude list of parameters that are not supported by cite arxiv 			ID_list['ASIN'], ID_list['BIBCODE'], ID_list['DOI'], ID_list['ISBN'], ID_list['ISSN'],		-- TODO: find a better way to do this 			ID_list['JFM'], ID_list['JSTOR'], ID_list['LCCN'], ID_list['MR'], ID_list['OCLC'], ID_list['OL'], 			ID_list['OSTI'], ID_list['PMC'], ID_list['PMID'], ID_list['RFC'], ID_list['SSRN'], ID_list['USENETID'], ID_list['ZBL']},27) then 				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'arxiv_params_not_supported', {}, true ) } );		-- add error message  				AccessDate = ;												-- set these to empty string; not supported in cite arXiv 				Authors = ; 				PublisherName = ;												-- (if the article has been published, use cite journal, or other) 				Chapter = ; 				URL = ; 				Format = ; 				Page = ; Pages = ; At = ; 		end 		Periodical = 'arXiv';													-- set to arXiv for COinS; after that, must be set to empty string 	end  -- handle type parameter for those CS1 citations that have default values 	if in_array(config.CitationClass, {"AV-media-notes", "interview", "mailinglist", "map", "podcast", "pressrelease", "report", "techreport", "thesis"}) then 		TitleType = set_titletype (config.CitationClass, TitleType); 		if is_set(Degree) and "Thesis" == TitleType then						-- special case for cite thesis 			TitleType = Degree .. ' ' .. cfg.title_types ['thesis']:lower(); 		end 	end  	if is_set(TitleType) then													-- if type parameter is specified 		TitleType = substitute( cfg.messages['type'], TitleType);				-- display it in parentheses 	-- TODO: Hack on TitleType to fix bunched parentheses problem 	end  -- legacy: promote PublicationDate to Date if neither Date nor Year are set. 	if not is_set (Date) then 		Date = Year;															-- promote Year to Date 		Year = nil;																-- make nil so Year as empty string isn't used for CITEREF 		if not is_set (Date) and is_set(PublicationDate) then					-- use PublicationDate when |date= and |year= are not set 			Date = PublicationDate;												-- promote PublicationDate to Date 			PublicationDate = ;												-- unset, no longer needed 		end 	end  	if PublicationDate == Date then PublicationDate = ; end					-- if PublicationDate is same as Date, don't display in rendered citation  --[[ Go test all of the date-holding parameters for valid MOS:DATE format and make sure that dates are real dates. This must be done before we do COinS because here is where we get the date used in the metadata.  Date validation supporting code is in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation ]] 	do	-- create defined block to contain local variables error_message, date_parameters_list, mismatch 		local error_message = ; 																				-- AirDate has been promoted to Date so not necessary to check it 		local date_parameters_list = {['access-date']=AccessDate, ['archive-date']=ArchiveDate, ['date']=Date, ['doi-broken-date']=DoiBroken, 				['embargo']=Embargo, ['lay-date']=LayDate, ['publication-date']=PublicationDate, ['year']=Year};  		anchor_year, Embargo, error_message = dates(date_parameters_list, COinS_date);  		if is_set (Year) and is_set (Date) then									-- both |date= and |year= not normally needed;  			local mismatch = year_date_check (Year, Date) 			if 0 == mismatch then												-- |year= does not match a year-value in |date= 				if is_set (error_message) then									-- if there is already an error message 					error_message = error_message .. ', ';						-- tack on this additional message 				end 				error_message = error_message .. '|year= / |date= mismatch'; 			elseif 1 == mismatch then											-- |year= matches year-value in |date= 				add_maint_cat ('date_year'); 			end 		end 		 		if not is_set(error_message) then										-- error free dates only 			local modified = false;												-- flag 			if is_set (DF) then													-- if we need to reformat dates 				modified = reformat_dates (date_parameters_list, DF, false);	-- reformat to DF format, use long month names if appropriate 			end  			if true == date_hyphen_to_dash (date_parameters_list) then					-- convert hyphens to dashes where appropriate 				modified = true; 				add_maint_cat ('date_format');									-- hyphens were converted so add maint category 			end 			 			if modified then													-- if the date_parameters_list values were modified 				AccessDate = date_parameters_list['access-date'];				-- overwrite date holding parameters with modified values 				ArchiveDate = date_parameters_list['archive-date']; 				Date = date_parameters_list['date']; 				DoiBroken = date_parameters_list['doi-broken-date']; 				LayDate = date_parameters_list['lay-date']; 				PublicationDate = date_parameters_list['publication-date']; 			end 		else 			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'bad_date', {error_message}, true ) } );	-- add this error message 		end 	end	-- end of do  -- Account for the oddity that is  with |pmc= set and |url= not set.  Do this after date check but before COInS. -- Here we unset Embargo if PMC not embargoed (|embargo= not set in the citation) or if the embargo time has expired. Otherwise, holds embargo date 	Embargo = is_embargoed (Embargo);											--   	if config.CitationClass == "journal" and not is_set(URL) and is_set(ID_list['PMC']) then 		if not is_set (Embargo) then											-- if not embargoed or embargo has expired 			URL=cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].prefix .. ID_list['PMC'];				-- set url to be the same as the PMC external link if not embargoed 			URLorigin = cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].parameters[1];					-- set URLorigin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title= 			if is_set(AccessDate) then											-- access date requires |url=; pmc created url is not |url= 				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'accessdate_missing_url', {}, true ) } ); 				AccessDate = ;												-- unset 			end  		end 	end  -- At this point fields may be nil if they weren't specified in the template use.  We can use that fact. 	-- Test if citation has no title 	if	not is_set(Title) and 		not is_set(TransTitle) and 		not is_set(ScriptTitle) then 			if 'episode' == config.CitationClass then							-- special case for cite episode; TODO: is there a better way to do this? 				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'citation_missing_title', {'series'}, true ) } ); 			else 				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'citation_missing_title', {'title'}, true ) } ); 			end 	end 	 	if 'none' == Title and in_array (config.CitationClass, {'journal', 'citation'}) and is_set (Periodical) and 'journal' == A:ORIGIN('Periodical') then	-- special case for journal cites 		Title = ;																-- set title to empty string 		add_maint_cat ('untitled'); 	end  	check_for_url ({															-- add error message when any of these parameters contains a URL 		['title']=Title, 		[A:ORIGIN('Chapter')]=Chapter, 		[A:ORIGIN('Periodical')]=Periodical, 		[A:ORIGIN('PublisherName')] = PublisherName 		});  	-- COinS metadata (see <http://ocoins.info/>) for automated parsing of citation information. 	-- handle the oddity that is cite encyclopedia and . Here we presume that 	-- when Periodical, Title, and Chapter are all set, then Periodical is the book (encyclopedia) title, Title 	-- is the article title, and Chapter is a section within the article.  So, we remap  	 	local coins_chapter = Chapter;												-- default assuming that remapping not required 	local coins_title = Title;													-- et tu 	if 'encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and is_set (Encyclopedia)) then 		if is_set (Chapter) and is_set (Title) and is_set (Periodical) then		-- if all are used then 			coins_chapter = Title;												-- remap 			coins_title = Periodical; 		end 	end 	local coins_author = a;														-- default for coins rft.au  	if 0 < #c then																-- but if contributor list 		coins_author = c;														-- use that instead 	end  	-- this is the function call to COinS() 	local OCinSoutput = COinS({ 		['Periodical'] = Periodical, 		['Encyclopedia'] = Encyclopedia, 		['Chapter'] = make_coins_title (coins_chapter, ScriptChapter),			-- Chapter and ScriptChapter stripped of bold / italic wikimarkup 		['Degree'] = Degree;													-- cite thesis only 		['Title'] = make_coins_title (coins_title, ScriptTitle),				-- Title and ScriptTitle stripped of bold / italic wikimarkup 		['PublicationPlace'] = PublicationPlace, 		['Date'] = COinS_date.rftdate,											-- COinS_date has correctly formatted date if Date is valid; 		['Season'] = COinS_date.rftssn, 		['Chron'] =  COinS_date.rftchron or (not COinS_date.rftdate and Date) or ,	-- chron but if not set and invalid date format use Date; keep this last bit? 		['Series'] = Series, 		['Volume'] = Volume, 		['Issue'] = Issue, 		['Pages'] = get_coins_pages (first_set ({Sheet, Sheets, Page, Pages, At}, 5)),				-- pages stripped of external links 		['Edition'] = Edition, 		['PublisherName'] = PublisherName, 		['URL'] = first_set ({ChapterURL, URL}, 2), 		['Authors'] = coins_author, 		['ID_list'] = ID_list, 		['RawPage'] = this_page.prefixedText, 	}, config.CitationClass);  -- Account for the oddities that are , AFTER generation of COinS data. 	if 'arxiv' == config.CitationClass then										-- we have set rft.jtitle in COinS to arXiv, now unset so it isn't displayed 		Periodical = ;														-- periodical not allowed in cite arxiv; if article has been published, use cite journal 	end  -- special case for cite newsgroup.  Do this after COinS because we are modifying Publishername to include some static text 	if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass then 		if is_set (PublisherName) then 			PublisherName = substitute (cfg.messages['newsgroup'], external_link( 'news:' .. PublisherName, PublisherName, A:ORIGIN('PublisherName'), nil )); 		end 	end  	-- Now perform various field substitutions. 	-- We also add leading spaces and surrounding markup and punctuation to the 	-- various parts of the citation, but only when they are non-nil. 	local EditorCount;															-- used only for choosing {ed.) or (eds.) annotation at end of editor name-list 	do 		local last_first_list; 		local control = {  			format = NameListFormat,											-- empty string or 'vanc' 			maximum = nil,														-- as if display-authors or display-editors not set 			lastauthoramp = LastAuthorAmp, 			page_name = this_page.text,											-- get current page name so that we don't wikilink to it via editorlinkn 			mode = Mode 		};  		do																		-- do editor name list first because coauthors can modify control table 			control.maximum , editor_etal = get_display_authors_editors (A['DisplayEditors'], #e, 'editors', editor_etal); 			last_first_list, EditorCount = list_people(control, e, editor_etal);  			if is_set (Editors) then 				if editor_etal then 					Editors = Editors .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['et al'];			-- add et al. to editors parameter beause |display-editors=etal 					EditorCount = 2;											-- with et al., |editors= is multiple names; spoof to display (eds.) annotation 				else 					EditorCount = 2;											-- we don't know but assume |editors= is multiple names; spoof to display (eds.) annotation 				end 			else 				Editors = last_first_list;										-- either an author name list or an empty string 			end  			if 1 == EditorCount and (true == editor_etal or 1 < #e) then		-- only one editor displayed but includes etal then  				EditorCount = 2;												-- spoof to display (eds.) annotation 			end 		end 		do																		-- now do translators 			control.maximum = #t;												-- number of translators 			Translators = list_people(control, t, false);						-- et al not currently supported 		end 		do																		-- now do contributors 			control.maximum = #c;												-- number of contributors 			Contributors = list_people(control, c, false);						-- et al not currently supported 		end 		do																		-- now do authors 			control.maximum , author_etal = get_display_authors_editors (A['DisplayAuthors'], #a, 'authors', author_etal);  			if is_set(Coauthors) then											-- if the coauthor field is also used, prevent ampersand and et al. formatting. 				control.lastauthoramp = nil; 				control.maximum = #a + 1; 			end 			 			last_first_list = list_people(control, a, author_etal);  			if is_set (Authors) then 				Authors, author_etal = name_has_etal (Authors, author_etal, false);	-- find and remove variations on et al. 				if author_etal then 					Authors = Authors .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['et al'];			-- add et al. to authors parameter 				end 			else 				Authors = last_first_list;										-- either an author name list or an empty string 			end 		end																		-- end of do 	 		if is_set (Authors) and is_set (Collaboration) then 			Authors = Authors .. ' (' .. Collaboration .. ')';					-- add collaboration after et al. 		end  		if not is_set(Authors) and is_set(Coauthors) then						-- coauthors aren't displayed if one of authors=, authorn=, or lastn= isn't specified 			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error('coauthors_missing_author', {}, true) } );	-- emit error message 		end 	end  -- apply |[xx-]format= styling; at the end, these parameters hold correctly styled format annotation, -- an error message if the associated url is not set, or an empty string for concatenation 	ArchiveFormat = style_format (ArchiveFormat, ArchiveURL, 'archive-format', 'archive-url'); 	ConferenceFormat = style_format (ConferenceFormat, ConferenceURL, 'conference-format', 'conference-url'); 	Format = style_format (Format, URL, 'format', 'url'); 	LayFormat = style_format (LayFormat, LayURL, 'lay-format', 'lay-url'); 	TranscriptFormat = style_format (TranscriptFormat, TranscriptURL, 'transcript-format', 'transcripturl');  -- special case for chapter format so no error message or cat when chapter not supported 	if not (in_array(config.CitationClass, {'web','news','journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease','podcast', 'newsgroup', 'arxiv'}) or 		('citation' == config.CitationClass and is_set (Periodical) and not is_set (Encyclopedia))) then 			ChapterFormat = style_format (ChapterFormat, ChapterURL, 'chapter-format', 'chapter-url'); 	end  	if not is_set(URL) then 		if in_array(config.CitationClass, {"web","podcast", "mailinglist"}) then	-- |url= required for cite web, cite podcast, and cite mailinglist 			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'cite_web_url', {}, true ) } ); 		end 		 		-- do we have |accessdate= without either |url= or |chapter-url=? 		if is_set(AccessDate) and not is_set(ChapterURL)then					-- ChapterURL may be set when URL is not set; 			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'accessdate_missing_url', {}, true ) } ); 			AccessDate = ; 		end 	end  	local OriginalURL, OriginalURLorigin, OriginalFormat, OriginalAccess; 	DeadURL = DeadURL:lower();													-- used later when assembling archived text 	if is_set( ArchiveURL ) then 		if is_set (ChapterURL) then 											-- URL not set so if chapter-url is set apply archive url to it 			OriginalURL = ChapterURL;											-- save copy of source chapter's url for archive text 			OriginalURLorigin = ChapterURLorigin;								-- name of chapter-url parameter for error messages 			OriginalFormat = ChapterFormat;										-- and original |format= 			if 'no' ~= DeadURL then 				ChapterURL = ArchiveURL											-- swap-in the archive's url 				ChapterURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL')						-- name of archive-url parameter for error messages 				ChapterFormat = ArchiveFormat or ;							-- swap in archive's format 			end 		elseif is_set (URL) then 			OriginalURL = URL;													-- save copy of original source URL 			OriginalURLorigin = URLorigin;										-- name of url parameter for error messages 			OriginalFormat = Format; 											-- and original |format= 			OriginalAccess = UrlAccess; 			if 'no' ~= DeadURL then												-- if URL set then archive-url applies to it 				URL = ArchiveURL												-- swap-in the archive's url 				URLorigin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL')								-- name of archive url parameter for error messages 				Format = ArchiveFormat or ;									-- swap in archive's format 				UrlAccess = nil;												-- restricted access levels do not make sense for archived urls 			end  		end 	end  	if in_array(config.CitationClass, {'web','news','journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease','podcast', 'newsgroup', 'arxiv'}) or	-- if any of the 'periodical' cites except encyclopedia 		('citation' == config.CitationClass and is_set (Periodical) and not is_set (Encyclopedia)) then 			local chap_param; 			if is_set (Chapter) then											-- get a parameter name from one of these chapter related meta-parameters 				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('Chapter') 			elseif is_set (TransChapter) then 				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('TransChapter') 			elseif is_set (ChapterURL) then 				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ChapterURL') 			elseif is_set (ScriptChapter) then 				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptChapter') 			else is_set (ChapterFormat) 				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ChapterFormat') 			end  			if is_set (chap_param) then											-- if we found one 				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'chapter_ignored', {chap_param}, true ) } );		-- add error message 				Chapter = ;													-- and set them to empty string to be safe with concatenation 				TransChapter = ; 				ChapterURL = ; 				ScriptChapter = ; 				ChapterFormat = ; 			end 	else																		-- otherwise, format chapter / article title 		local no_quotes = false;												-- default assume that we will be quoting the chapter parameter value 		if is_set (Contribution) and 0 < #c then								-- if this is a contribution with contributor(s) 			if in_array (Contribution:lower(), cfg.keywords.contribution) then	-- and a generic contribution title 				no_quotes = true;												-- then render it unquoted 			end 		end  		Chapter = format_chapter_title (ScriptChapter, Chapter, TransChapter, ChapterURL, ChapterURLorigin, no_quotes);		-- Contribution is also in Chapter 		if is_set (Chapter) then 			Chapter = Chapter .. ChapterFormat ; 			if 'map' == config.CitationClass and is_set (TitleType) then 				Chapter = Chapter .. ' ' .. TitleType;							-- map annotation here; not after title 			end 			Chapter = Chapter.. sepc .. ' '; 		elseif is_set (ChapterFormat) then										-- |chapter= not set but |chapter-format= is so ... 			Chapter = ChapterFormat .. sepc .. ' ';								-- ... ChapterFormat has error message, we want to see it 		end 	end  	-- Format main title. 	if is_set(TitleLink) and is_set(Title) then 		Title = "" .. Title .. "" 	end  	if in_array(config.CitationClass, {'web','news','journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease','podcast', 'newsgroup', 'mailinglist', 'arxiv', 'interview'}) or 		('citation' == config.CitationClass and is_set (Periodical) and not is_set (Encyclopedia)) or 		('map' == config.CitationClass and is_set (Periodical)) then			-- special case for cite map when the map is in a periodical treat as an article 			Title = kern_quotes (Title);										-- if necessary, separate title's leading and trailing quote marks from Module provided quote marks 			Title = wrap_style ('quoted-title', Title); 			Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle);					-- <bdi> tags, lang atribute, categorization, etc; must be done after title is wrapped 			TransTitle= wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle ); 	elseif 'report' == config.CitationClass then								-- no styling for cite report 		Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle);						-- <bdi> tags, lang atribute, categorization, etc; must be done after title is wrapped 		TransTitle= wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle );				-- for cite report, use this form for trans-title 	else 		Title = wrap_style ('italic-title', Title); 		Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle);						-- <bdi> tags, lang atribute, categorization, etc; must be done after title is wrapped 		TransTitle = wrap_style ('trans-italic-title', TransTitle); 	end  	local TransError = ""; 	if is_set(TransTitle) then 		if is_set(Title) then 			TransTitle = " " .. TransTitle; 		else 			TransError = " " .. set_error( 'trans_missing_title', {'title'} ); 		end 	end 	 	Title = Title .. TransTitle; 	 	if is_set(Title) then 		if not is_set(TitleLink) and is_set(URL) then 			 			Title = external_link( URL, Title, URLorigin, UrlAccess ) .. TransError .. Format; -- this experiment hidden 2016-04-10; see Help_talk:Citation_Style_1#Recycled_urls --			local temp_title = external_link( URL, Title, URLorigin ) .. TransError .. Format;	-- do this so we get error message even if url is usurped no archive --			if in_array (DeadURL, {'unfit no archive', 'usurped no archive'}) then	-- when url links to inappropriate location and there is no archive of original source available --				local err_msg --				if temp_title:match ('%[%S+%s+(.+)%](<.+)') then				-- if there is an error message --					Title, err_msg = temp_title:match ('%[%S+%s+(.+)%](<.+)');	-- strip off external link; TODO: find a better to do this --					Title = Title .. (err_msg or ); --				end --			else --				Title = temp_title; --			end  			URL = ;															-- unset these because no longer needed 			Format = ""; 		else 			Title = Title .. TransError; 		end 	end  	if is_set(Place) then 		Place = " " .. wrap_msg ('written', Place, use_lowercase) .. sepc .. " "; 	end  	if is_set (Conference) then 		if is_set (ConferenceURL) then 			Conference = external_link( ConferenceURL, Conference, ConferenceURLorigin, nil ); 		end 		Conference = sepc .. " " .. Conference .. ConferenceFormat; 	elseif is_set(ConferenceURL) then 		Conference = sepc .. " " .. external_link( ConferenceURL, nil, ConferenceURLorigin, nil ); 	end  	if not is_set(Position) then 		local Minutes = A['Minutes']; 		local Time = A['Time'];  		if is_set(Minutes) then 			if is_set (Time) then 				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'redundant_parameters', {wrap_style ('parameter', 'minutes') .. ' and ' .. wrap_style ('parameter', 'time')}, true ) } ); 			end 			Position = " " .. Minutes .. " " .. cfg.messages['minutes']; 		else 			if is_set(Time) then 				local TimeCaption = A['TimeCaption'] 				if not is_set(TimeCaption) then 					TimeCaption = cfg.messages['event']; 					if sepc ~= '.' then 						TimeCaption = TimeCaption:lower(); 					end 				end 				Position = " " .. TimeCaption .. " " .. Time; 			end 		end 	else 		Position = " " .. Position; 		At = ; 	end  	Page, Pages, Sheet, Sheets = format_pages_sheets (Page, Pages, Sheet, Sheets, config.CitationClass, Periodical_origin, sepc, NoPP, use_lowercase, Mode);  	At = is_set(At) and (sepc .. " " .. At) or ""; 	Position = is_set(Position) and (sepc .. " " .. Position) or ""; 	if config.CitationClass == 'map' then 		local Section = A['Section']; 		local Sections = A['Sections']; 		local Inset = A['Inset']; 		 		if is_set( Inset ) then 			Inset = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('inset', Inset, use_lowercase); 		end			  		if is_set( Sections ) then 			Section = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('sections', Sections, use_lowercase); 		elseif is_set( Section ) then 			Section = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('section', Section, use_lowercase); 		end 		At = At .. Inset .. Section;		 	end	  	if is_set (Language) then 		Language = language_parameter (Language);								-- format, categories, name from ISO639-1, etc 	else 		Language="";															-- language not specified so make sure this is an empty string; 	--[[ TODO: need to extract the wrap_msg from language_parameter 	so that we can solve parentheses bunching problem with Format/Language/TitleType 	]] 	end  	Others = is_set(Others) and (sepc .. " " .. Others) or ""; 	 	if is_set (Translators) then 		if 'mla' == Mode then 			Others = sepc .. ' Trans. ' .. Translators .. Others; 		else 			Others = sepc .. ' ' .. wrap_msg ('translated', Translators, use_lowercase) .. Others; 		end 	end 	if is_set (Interviewers) then 		Others = sepc .. ' ' .. wrap_msg ('interview', Interviewers, use_lowercase) .. Others; 	end 	 	TitleNote = is_set(TitleNote) and (sepc .. " " .. TitleNote) or ""; 	if is_set (Edition) then 		if Edition:match ('%f[%a][Ee]d%.?$') or Edition:match ('%f[%a][Ee]dition$') then 			add_maint_cat ('extra_text', 'edition'); 		end 		if 'mla' == Mode then 			Edition = '. ' .. Edition .. ' ed.'; 		else 			Edition = " " .. wrap_msg ('edition', Edition); 		end 	else 		Edition = ; 	end  	Series = is_set(Series) and (sepc .. " " .. Series) or ""; 	if 'mla' == Mode then														-- not in brackets for mla 		OrigYear = is_set(OrigYear) and (". " .. OrigYear) or ""; 	else 		OrigYear = is_set(OrigYear) and (" [" .. OrigYear .. "]") or ""; 	end 	Agency = is_set(Agency) and (sepc .. " " .. Agency) or "";  	Volume = format_volume_issue (Volume, Issue, config.CitationClass, Periodical_origin, sepc, use_lowercase, Mode);  	------------------------------------ totally unrelated data 	if is_set(Via) then 		Via = " " .. wrap_msg ('via', Via); 	end  --[[ Subscription implies paywall; Registration does not.  If both are used in a citation, the subscription required link note is displayed. There are no error messages for this condition.  ]] 	if is_set (SubscriptionRequired) then 		SubscriptionRequired = sepc .. " " .. cfg.messages['subscription'];		-- subscription required message 	elseif is_set (RegistrationRequired) then 		SubscriptionRequired = sepc .. " " .. cfg.messages['registration'];		-- registration required message 	else 		SubscriptionRequired = ;												-- either or both might be set to something other than yes true y 	end  	if is_set(AccessDate) then 		local retrv_text = " " .. cfg.messages['retrieved']  		AccessDate = nowrap_date (AccessDate);									-- wrap in nowrap span if date in appropriate format 		if 'mla' == Mode then													-- retrieved text not used in mla 			AccessDate = ' ' .. AccessDate; 		else 			if (sepc ~= ".") then retrv_text = retrv_text:lower() end			-- if mode is cs2, lower case 			AccessDate = substitute (retrv_text, AccessDate);					-- add retrieved text 		end 		AccessDate = substitute (cfg.presentation['accessdate'], {sepc, AccessDate});	-- allow editors to hide accessdates 	end 	 	if is_set(ID) then ID = sepc .." ".. ID; end    	if "thesis" == config.CitationClass and is_set(Docket) then 		ID = sepc .." Docket ".. Docket .. ID; 	end    	if "report" == config.CitationClass and is_set(Docket) then					-- for cite report when |docket= is set 		ID = sepc .. ' ' .. Docket;												-- overwrite ID even if |id= is set 	end  	ID_list = build_id_list( ID_list, {IdAccessLevels=ID_access_levels, DoiBroken = DoiBroken, ASINTLD = ASINTLD, IgnoreISBN = IgnoreISBN, Embargo=Embargo, Class = Class} );  	if is_set(URL) then 		URL = " " .. external_link( URL, nil, URLorigin, Access ); 	end  	if is_set(Quote) then 		if Quote:sub(1,1) == '"' and Quote:sub(-1,-1) == '"' then				-- if first and last characters of quote are quote marks 			Quote = Quote:sub(2,-2);											-- strip them off 		end 		Quote = sepc .." " .. wrap_style ('quoted-text', Quote ); 				-- wrap in ... tags 		PostScript = "";														-- cs1|2 does not supply terminal punctuation when |quote= is set 	end 	 	local Archived 	if is_set(ArchiveURL) then 		if not is_set(ArchiveDate) then 			ArchiveDate = set_error('archive_missing_date'); 		end 		if "no" == DeadURL then 			local arch_text = cfg.messages['archived']; 			if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end 			Archived = sepc .. " " .. substitute( cfg.messages['archived-not-dead'], 				{ external_link( ArchiveURL, arch_text, A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL'), nil ) .. ArchiveFormat, ArchiveDate } ); 			if not is_set(OriginalURL) then 				Archived = Archived .. " " .. set_error('archive_missing_url');							    			end 		elseif is_set(OriginalURL) then											-- DeadURL is empty, 'yes', 'true', 'y', 'unfit', 'usurped' 			local arch_text = cfg.messages['archived-dead']; 			if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end 			if in_array (DeadURL, {'unfit', 'usurped', 'bot: unknown'}) then 				Archived = sepc .. " " .. 'Archived from the original on ' .. ArchiveDate;	-- format already styled 				if 'bot: unknown' == DeadURL then 					add_maint_cat ('bot:_unknown');								-- and add a category if not already added 				else 					add_maint_cat ('unfit');									-- and add a category if not already added 				end 			else																-- DeadURL is empty, 'yes', 'true', or 'y' 				Archived = sepc .. " " .. substitute( arch_text, 					{ external_link( OriginalURL, cfg.messages['original'], OriginalURLorigin, OriginalAccess ) .. OriginalFormat, ArchiveDate } );	-- format already styled 			end	 		else 			local arch_text = cfg.messages['archived-missing']; 			if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end 			Archived = sepc .. " " .. substitute( arch_text,  				{ set_error('archive_missing_url'), ArchiveDate } ); 		end 	elseif is_set (ArchiveFormat) then 		Archived = ArchiveFormat;												-- if set and ArchiveURL not set ArchiveFormat has error message 	else 		Archived = "" 	end 	 	local Lay = ; 	if is_set(LayURL) then 		if is_set(LayDate) then LayDate = " (" .. LayDate .. ")" end 		if is_set(LaySource) then  			LaySource = " – " .. safe_for_italics(LaySource) .. ""; 		else 			LaySource = ""; 		end 		if sepc == '.' then 			Lay = sepc .. " " .. external_link( LayURL, cfg.messages['lay summary'], A:ORIGIN('LayURL'), nil ) .. LayFormat .. LaySource .. LayDate 		else 			Lay = sepc .. " " .. external_link( LayURL, cfg.messages['lay summary']:lower(), A:ORIGIN('LayURL'), nil ) .. LayFormat .. LaySource .. LayDate 		end			 	elseif is_set (LayFormat) then												-- Test if |lay-format= is given without giving a |lay-url= 		Lay = sepc .. LayFormat;												-- if set and LayURL not set, then LayFormat has error message 	end  	if is_set(Transcript) then 		if is_set(TranscriptURL) then 			Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, Transcript, TranscriptURLorigin, nil ); 		end 		Transcript = sepc .. ' ' .. Transcript .. TranscriptFormat; 	elseif is_set(TranscriptURL) then 		Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, nil, TranscriptURLorigin, nil ); 	end  	local Publisher; 	if is_set(PublicationDate) then 		PublicationDate = wrap_msg ('published', PublicationDate); 	end 	if is_set(PublisherName) then 		if is_set(PublicationPlace) then 			Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. ": " .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate; 		else 			Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;   		end			 	elseif is_set(PublicationPlace) then  		Publisher= sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. PublicationDate; 	else  		Publisher = PublicationDate; 	end 	 	-- Several of the above rely upon detecting this as nil, so do it last. 	if is_set(Periodical) then 		if is_set(Title) or is_set(TitleNote) then  			Periodical = sepc .. " " .. wrap_style ('italic-title', Periodical)  		else  			Periodical = wrap_style ('italic-title', Periodical) 		end 	end  --[[ Handle the oddity that is cite speech.  This code overrides whatever may be the value assigned to TitleNote (through |department=) and forces it to be " (Speech)" so that the annotation directly follows the |title= parameter value in the citation rather than the |event= parameter value (if provided). ]] 	if "speech" == config.CitationClass then				-- cite speech only 		TitleNote = " (Speech)";							-- annotate the citation 		if is_set (Periodical) then							-- if Periodical, perhaps because of an included |website= or |journal= parameter  			if is_set (Conference) then						-- and if |event= is set 				Conference = Conference .. sepc .. " ";		-- then add appropriate punctuation to the end of the Conference variable before rendering 			end 		end 	end  	-- Piece all bits together at last.  Here, all should be non-nil. 	-- We build things this way because it is more efficient in LUA 	-- not to keep reassigning to the same string variable over and over.  	local tcommon; 	local tcommon2;																-- used for book cite when |contributor= is set 	 	if in_array(config.CitationClass, {"journal","citation"}) and is_set(Periodical) then 		if is_set(Others) then Others = Others .. sepc .. " " end 		if 'mla' == Mode then 			tcommon = safe_join( {Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language, Edition, Publisher, Agency, Volume}, sepc ); 		else 			tcommon = safe_join( {Others, Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series,  				Language, Edition, Publisher, Agency, Volume}, sepc ); 		end		 	elseif in_array(config.CitationClass, {"book","citation"}) and not is_set(Periodical) then		-- special cases for book cites 		if is_set (Contributors) then											-- when we are citing foreword, preface, introduction, etc 			tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleNote}, sepc );					-- author and other stuff will come after this and before tcommon2 			if 'mla' == Mode then 				tcommon2 = safe_join( {Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc ); 			else 				tcommon2 = safe_join( {Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc ); 			end 		elseif 'mla' == Mode then 			tcommon = safe_join( {TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Publisher, Agency}, sepc ); 		else 			tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc ); 		end  	elseif 'map' == config.CitationClass then									-- special cases for cite map 		if is_set (Chapter) then												-- map in a book; TitleType is part of Chapter 			tcommon = safe_join( {Title, Format, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc ); 		elseif is_set (Periodical) then											-- map in a periodical 			tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleType, Format, Periodical, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc ); 		else																	-- a sheet or stand-alone map 			tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleType, Format, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher}, sepc ); 		end 		 	elseif 'episode' == config.CitationClass then								-- special case for cite episode 		tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleNote, TitleType, Series, Transcript, Language, Edition, Publisher}, sepc );  	elseif ('news' == config.CitationClass) and ('mla' == Mode) then			-- special case for cite news in MLA mode 		tcommon = safe_join( {Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language, Edition, Agency}, sepc );  	elseif ('web' == config.CitationClass) and ('mla' == Mode) then				-- special case for cite web in MLA mode 		tcommon = safe_join( {Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language,  			Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc );  	else																		-- all other CS1 templates 		tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language,  			Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc ); 	end 	 	if #ID_list > 0 then 		ID_list = safe_join( { sepc .. " ",  table.concat( ID_list, sepc .. " " ), ID }, sepc ); 	else 		ID_list = ID; 	end 	 	local idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list, URL, Archived, AccessDate, Via, SubscriptionRequired, Lay, Quote }, sepc ); 	local text; 	local pgtext = Position .. Sheet .. Sheets .. Page .. Pages .. At;  	if is_set(Date) then 		if ('mla' == Mode) then 			if in_array (config.CitationClass, {'book', 'news', 'web'}) then 				Date = ', ' .. Date;											-- origyear follows title in mla 			elseif 'journal' == config.CitationClass then 				Date = ', (' .. Date .. ')'; 			end 		elseif is_set (Authors) or is_set (Editors) then						-- date follows authors or editors when authors not set 			Date = " (" .. Date ..")" .. OrigYear .. sepc .. " ";				-- in paranetheses 		else																	-- neither of authors and editors set 			if (string.sub(tcommon,-1,-1) == sepc) then							-- if the last character of tcommon is sepc 				Date = " " .. Date .. OrigYear;									-- Date does not begin with sepc 			else 				Date = sepc .. " " .. Date .. OrigYear;							-- Date begins with sepc 			end 		end 	end	 	if is_set(Authors) then 		if is_set(Coauthors) then 			if 'vanc' == NameListFormat then									-- separate authors and coauthors with proper name-list-separator 				Authors = Authors .. ', ' .. Coauthors; 			else 				Authors = Authors .. '; ' .. Coauthors; 			end 		end 		if (not is_set (Date)) or ('mla' == Mode) then							-- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Authors termination 			Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc);						-- when no date, terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space 		end 		if is_set(Editors) then 			local in_text = " "; 			local post_text = ""; 			if is_set(Chapter) and 0 == #c and 'mla' ~= Mode then 				in_text = in_text .. cfg.messages['in'] .. " " 				if (sepc ~= '.') then in_text = in_text:lower() end				-- lowercase for cs2 			elseif is_set(Chapter) and 'mla' == Mode then 				if EditorCount <= 1 then 					in_text = '. Ed. '; 				else 					in_text = '. Eds. '; 				end 			else 				if EditorCount <= 1 then 					post_text = ", " .. cfg.messages['editor']; 				else 					post_text = ", " .. cfg.messages['editors']; 				end 			end  			Editors = terminate_name_list (in_text .. Editors .. post_text, sepc);	-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space 		end 		if is_set (Contributors) then											-- book cite and we're citing the intro, preface, etc 			local by_text = sepc .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['by'] .. ' '; 			if (sepc ~= '.') then by_text = by_text:lower() end					-- lowercase for cs2 			Authors = by_text .. Authors;										-- author follows title so tweak it here 			if is_set (Editors) and ('mla' ~= Mode)then											-- when Editors make sure that Authors gets terminated 				Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc);					-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space 			end 			if (not is_set (Date)) or ('mla' == Mode) then											-- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Contributors termination 				Contributors = terminate_name_list (Contributors, sepc);		-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space 			end 			if 'mla' == Mode then 				text = safe_join( {Contributors, Chapter, tcommon, OrigYear, Authors, Place, Others, Editors, tcommon2, Date, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc ); 			else 				text = safe_join( {Contributors, Date, Chapter, tcommon, Authors, Place, Editors, tcommon2, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc ); 			end 		elseif 'mla' == Mode then 			tcommon = tcommon .. Date;											-- hack to avoid duplicate separators 			text = safe_join( {Authors, Chapter, Title, OrigYear, Others, Editors, Edition, Place, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc ); 		else 			text = safe_join( {Authors, Date, Chapter, Place, Editors, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc ); 		end 	elseif is_set(Editors) then 		if is_set(Date) then 			if EditorCount <= 1 then 				Editors = Editors .. ", " .. cfg.messages['editor']; 			else 				Editors = Editors .. ", " .. cfg.messages['editors']; 			end 		else 			if EditorCount <= 1 then 				Editors = Editors .. " (" .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. ")" .. sepc .. " " 			else 				Editors = Editors .. " (" .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. ")" .. sepc .. " " 			end 		end 		if 'mla' == Mode then 			if in_array(config.CitationClass, {'journal', 'news', 'web'}) and is_set(Periodical) then 				text = safe_join( {Editors, Title, Place, tcommon, pgtext, Date, idcommon}, sepc ); 			else 				text = safe_join( {Editors, Chapter, Title, Place, tcommon, Date, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc ); 			end 		else 			text = safe_join( {Editors, Date, Chapter, Place, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc ); 		end 	elseif 'mla' == Mode then 		if in_array(config.CitationClass, {'journal', 'news', 'web'}) and is_set(Periodical) then 			text = safe_join( {Title, Place, tcommon, pgtext, Date, idcommon}, sepc ); 		else 			text = safe_join( {Chapter, Title, Place, tcommon, Date, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc ); 		end 	else 		if in_array(config.CitationClass, {"journal","citation"}) and is_set(Periodical) then 			text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, pgtext, Date, idcommon}, sepc ); 		else 			text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, Date, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc ); 		end 	end 	 	if is_set(PostScript) and PostScript ~= sepc then 		text = safe_join( {text, sepc}, sepc );  --Deals with italics, spaces, etc. 		text = text:sub(1,-sepc:len()-1); 	end	 	 	text = safe_join( {text, PostScript}, sepc );  	-- Now enclose the whole thing in a  element 	local options = {}; 	 	if is_set(config.CitationClass) and config.CitationClass ~= "citation" then 		options.class = config.CitationClass; 		options.class = "citation " .. config.CitationClass;					-- class=citation required for blue highlight when used with |ref= 	else 		options.class = "citation"; 	end 	 	if is_set(Ref) and Ref:lower() ~= "none" then								-- set reference anchor if appropriate 		local id = Ref 		if ('harv' == Ref ) then 			local namelist = {};												-- holds selected contributor, author, editor name list 			local year = first_set ({Year, anchor_year}, 2);					-- Year first for legacy citations and for YMD dates that require disambiguation  			if #c > 0 then														-- if there is a contributor list 				namelist = c;													-- select it 			elseif #a > 0 then													-- or an author list 				namelist = a; 			elseif #e > 0 then													-- or an editor list 				namelist = e; 			end 			if #namelist > 0 then												-- if there are names in namelist 				id = anchor_id (namelist, year);								-- go make the CITEREF anchor 			else 				id = ;														-- unset 			end 		end 		options.id = id; 	end 	 	if string.len(text:gsub("<span[^>/]*>(.-)</span>", "%1"):gsub("%b<>","")) <= 2 then	-- remove <span> tags and other html-like markup; then get length of what remains 		z.error_categories = {}; 		text = set_error('empty_citation'); 		z.message_tail = {}; 	end 	 	if is_set(options.id) then													-- here we wrap the rendered citation in ... tags 		text = substitute (cfg.presentation['cite-id'], {mw.uri.anchorEncode(options.id), mw.text.nowiki(options.class), text});	-- when |ref= is set 	else 		text = substitute (cfg.presentation['cite'], {mw.text.nowiki(options.class), text});	-- all other cases 	end		  	text = text .. substitute (cfg.presentation['ocins'], {OCinSoutput});		-- append metadata to the citation 	 	if #z.message_tail ~= 0 then 		text = text .. " "; 		for i,v in ipairs( z.message_tail ) do 			if is_set(v[1]) then 				if i == #z.message_tail then 					text = text .. error_comment( v[1], v[2] ); 				else 					text = text .. error_comment( v[1] .. "; ", v[2] ); 				end 			end 		end 	end  	if #z.maintenance_cats ~= 0 then 		text = text .. ''; 		for _, v in ipairs( z.maintenance_cats ) do								-- append maintenance categories 			text = text .. ' ' .. v .. ' (link)'; 		end 		text = text .. '';	-- maintenance mesages (realy just the names of the categories for now) 	end 	 	no_tracking_cats = no_tracking_cats:lower(); 	if in_array(no_tracking_cats, {"", "no", "false", "n"}) then 		for _, v in ipairs( z.error_categories ) do 			text = text .. 'Category:' .. v ..''; 		end 		for _, v in ipairs( z.maintenance_cats ) do								-- append maintenance categories 			text = text .. 'Category:' .. v ..''; 		end 		for _, v in ipairs( z.properties_cats ) do								-- append maintenance categories 			text = text .. 'Category:' .. v ..''; 		end 	end 	 	return text end  --[[--------------------------< C S 1 . C I T A T I O N >------------------------------------------------------  This is used by templates such as  to create the actual citation text.  ]]  function cs1.citation(frame) 	Frame = frame;																-- save a copy incase we need to display an error message in preview mode 	local pframe = frame:getParent() 	local validation, utilities, identifiers, metadata; 	 	if nil ~= string.find (frame:getTitle(), 'sandbox', 1, true) then			-- did the  use sandbox version? 		cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration/sandbox');		-- load sandbox versions of support modules 		whitelist = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist/sandbox'); 		utilities = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities/sandbox'); 		validation = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/sandbox'); 		identifiers = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers/sandbox'); 		metadata = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/COinS/sandbox'); 		 	else																		-- otherwise 		cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration');				-- load live versions of support modules 		whitelist = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist'); 		utilities = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities'); 		validation = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation'); 		identifiers = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers'); 		metadata = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/COinS'); 	end  	utilities.set_selected_modules (cfg);										-- so that functions in Utilities can see the cfg tables 	identifiers.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);							-- so that functions in Identifiers can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module 	validation.set_selected_modules (utilities);								-- so that functions in Date validataion can see the selected Utilities module 	metadata.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);								-- so that functions in COinS can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module  	dates = validation.dates;													-- imported functions from Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation 	year_date_check = validation.year_date_check; 	reformat_dates = validation.reformat_dates; 	date_hyphen_to_dash = validation.date_hyphen_to_dash; 	 	is_set = utilities.is_set;													-- imported functions from Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities 	in_array = utilities.in_array; 	substitute = utilities.substitute; 	error_comment = utilities.error_comment; 	set_error = utilities.set_error; 	select_one = utilities.select_one; 	add_maint_cat = utilities.add_maint_cat; 	wrap_style = utilities.wrap_style; 	safe_for_italics = utilities.safe_for_italics; 	remove_wiki_link = utilities.remove_wiki_link;  	z = utilities.z;															-- table of error and category tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities  	extract_ids = identifiers.extract_ids;										-- imported functions from Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities 	build_id_list = identifiers.build_id_list; 	is_embargoed = identifiers.is_embargoed; 	extract_id_access_levels = identifiers.extract_id_access_levels; 	 	make_coins_title = metadata.make_coins_title;								-- imported functions from Module:Citation/CS1/COinS 	get_coins_pages = metadata.get_coins_pages; 	COinS = metadata.COinS;  	local args = {}; 	local suggestions = {}; 	local error_text, error_state;  	local config = {}; 	for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do 		config[k] = v; 		args[k] = v;	    	end	  	local capture;																-- the single supported capture when matching unknown parameters using patterns 	for k, v in pairs( pframe.args ) do 		if v ~=  then 			if not validate( k ) then			 				error_text = ""; 				if type( k ) ~= 'string' then 					-- Exclude empty numbered parameters 					if v:match("%S+") ~= nil then 						error_text, error_state = set_error( 'text_ignored', {v}, true ); 					end 				elseif validate( k:lower() ) then  					error_text, error_state = set_error( 'parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, k:lower()}, true ); 				else 					if nil == suggestions.suggestions then						-- if this table is nil then we need to load it 						if nil ~= string.find (frame:getTitle(), 'sandbox', 1, true) then			-- did the  use sandbox version? 							suggestions = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions/sandbox' );	-- use the sandbox version 						else 							suggestions = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' );			-- use the live version 						end 					end 					for pattern, param in pairs (suggestions.patterns) do		-- loop through the patterns to see if we can suggest a proper parameter 						capture = k:match (pattern);							-- the whole match if no caputre in pattern else the capture if a match 						if capture then											-- if the pattern matches  							param = substitute( param, capture );				-- add the capture to the suggested parameter (typically the enumerator) 							error_text, error_state = set_error( 'parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, param}, true );	-- set the error message 						end 					end 					if not is_set (error_text) then								-- couldn't match with a pattern, is there an expicit suggestion? 						if suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ] ~= nil then 							error_text, error_state = set_error( 'parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ]}, true ); 						else 							error_text, error_state = set_error( 'parameter_ignored', {k}, true ); 						end 					end 				end				   				if error_text ~= '' then 					table.insert( z.message_tail, {error_text, error_state} ); 				end				 			end 			missing_pipe_check (v);												-- do we think that there is a parameter that is missing a pipe? 			 			args[k] = v; 		elseif args[k] ~= nil or (k == 'postscript') then 			args[k] = v; 		end		 	end	  	for k, v in pairs( args ) do 		if 'string' == type (k) then											-- don't evaluate positional parameters 			has_invisible_chars (k, v); 		end 	end 	return citation0( config, args) end  return cs1;