require ('strict');  local en = require('মডিউল:ConvertTime')._main local bn = require('মডিউল:ConvertDigit')._main --[[--------------------------< F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S >--------------------------------------  each of these counts against the Lua upvalue limit  ]]  local validation;																-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation  local utilities;																-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities local z = {};																	-- table of tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities  local identifiers;																-- functions and tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers local metadata;																	-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/COinS local cfg = {};																	-- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration local whitelist = {};															-- table of tables listing valid template parameter names; defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist  local function cite_bn(text) 	 	local cite_list = {  ["cite arXiv"] = "arXiv উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite AV media"] = "এভি মিডিয়া উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite AV media notes"] = "এভি মিডিয়া টীকা উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite bioRxiv"] = "bioRxiv উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite book"] = "বই উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite conference"] = "সম্মেলন উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite encyclopedia"] = "বিশ্বকোষ উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite episode"] = "পর্ব উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite interview"] = "সাক্ষাৎকার উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite journal"] = "সাময়িকী উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite magazine"] = "ম্যাগাজিন উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite mailing list"] = "মেইলিং তালিকা উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite map"] = "মানচিত্র উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite news"] = "সংবাদ উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite newsgroup"] = "সংবাদগোষ্ঠী উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite podcast"] = "পডকাস্ট উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite press release"] = "সংবাদ বিজ্ঞপ্তি উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite report"] = "প্রতিবেদন উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite serial"] = "ধারাবাহিক উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite sign"] = "ফলক উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite speech"] = "বক্তৃতা উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite tech report"] = "প্রযুক্তিপ্রতিবেদন উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite thesis"] = "অভিসন্দর্ভ উদ্ধৃতি",  ["cite web"] = "ওয়েব উদ্ধৃতি" } 	for pattern, replacement in pairs(cite_list) do 		text = text:gsub(pattern, replacement) 	end  	return text end  --[[------------------< P A G E   S C O P E   V A R I A B L E S >---------------  declare variables here that have page-wide scope that are not brought in from other modules; that are created here and used here  ]]  local added_deprecated_cat;														-- Boolean flag so that the category is added only once local added_vanc_errs;															-- Boolean flag so we only emit one Vancouver error / category local added_generic_name_errs;													-- Boolean flag so we only emit one generic name error / category and stop testing names once an error is encountered local added_numeric_name_errs;													-- Boolean flag so we only emit one numeric name error / category and stop testing names once an error is encountered local added_numeric_name_maint;													-- Boolean flag so we only emit one numeric name maint category and stop testing names once a category has been emitted local is_preview_mode;															-- true when article is in preview mode; false when using 'Preview page with this template' (previewing the module) local is_sandbox;																-- true when using sandbox modules to render citation  --[[--------------------------< F I R S T _ S E T >------------------------------------------------------------  Locates and returns the first set value in a table of values where the order established in the table, left-to-right (or top-to-bottom), is the order in which the values are evaluated.  Returns nil if none are set.  This version replaces the original 'for _, val in pairs do' and a similar version that used ipairs.  With the pairs version the order of evaluation could not be guaranteed.  With the ipairs version, a nil value would terminate the for-loop before it reached the actual end of the list.  ]]  local function first_set (list, count) 	local i = 1; 	while i <= count do															-- loop through all items in list 		if utilities.is_set( list[i] ) then 			return list[i];														-- return the first set list member 		end 		i = i + 1;																-- point to next 	end end  --[[--------------------------< A D D _ V A N C _ E R R O R >----------------------------------------------------  Adds a single Vancouver system error message to the template's output regardless of how many error actually exist. To prevent duplication, added_vanc_errs is nil until an error message is emitted.  added_vanc_errs is a Boolean declared in page scope variables above  ]]  local function add_vanc_error (source, position) 	if added_vanc_errs then return end 		 	added_vanc_errs = true;														-- note that we've added this category 	utilities.set_message ('err_vancouver', {source, position}); end  --[[--------------------------< I S _ S C H E M E >------------------------------------------------------------  does this thing that purports to be a URI scheme seem to be a valid scheme?  The scheme is checked to see if it is in agreement with http://tools.ietf.org/html/std66#section-3.1 which says: 	Scheme names consist of a sequence of characters beginning with a    letter and followed by any combination of letters, digits, plus    ("+"), period ("."), or hyphen ("-").  returns true if it does, else false  ]]  local function is_scheme (scheme) 	return scheme and scheme:match ('^%a[%a%d%+%.%-]*:');						-- true if scheme is set and matches the pattern end  --[=[-------------------------< I S _ D O M A I N _ N A M E >--------------------------------------------------  Does this thing that purports to be a domain name seem to be a valid domain name?  Syntax defined here: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1034#section-3.5 BNF defined here: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4234 Single character names are generally reserved; see https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-dnsind-iana-dns-01#page-15; 	see also Single-letter second-level domain list of TLDs: https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db  RFC 952 (modified by RFC 1123) requires the first and last character of a hostname to be a letter or a digit.  Between the first and last characters the name may use letters, digits, and the hyphen.  Also allowed are IPv4 addresses. IPv6 not supported  domain is expected to be stripped of any path so that the last character in the last character of the TLD.  tld is two or more alpha characters.  Any preceding '//' (from splitting a URL with a scheme) will be stripped here.  Perhaps not necessary but retained in case it is necessary for IPv4 dot decimal.  There are several tests: 	the first character of the whole domain name including subdomains must be a letter or a digit 	internationalized domain name (ASCII characters with .xn-- ASCII Compatible Encoding (ACE) prefix xn-- in the TLD) see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3490 	single-letter/digit second-level domains in the .org, .cash, and .today TLDs 	q, x, and z SL domains in the .com TLD 	i and q SL domains in the .net TLD 	single-letter SL domains in the ccTLDs (where the ccTLD is two letters) 	two-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters) 	three-plus-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters) 	IPv4 dot-decimal address format; TLD not allowed  returns true if domain appears to be a proper name and TLD or IPv4 address, else false  ]=]  local function is_domain_name (domain) 	if not domain then 		return false;															-- if not set, abandon 	end 	 	domain = domain:gsub ('^//', );											-- strip '//' from domain name if present; done here so we only have to do it once 	 	if not domain:match ('^[%w]') then											-- first character must be letter or digit 		return false; 	end  	if domain:match ('^%a+:') then												-- hack to detect things that look like s:Page:Title where Page: is namespace at Wikisource 		return false; 	end  	local patterns = {															-- patterns that look like URLs 		'%f[%w][%w][%w%-]+[%w]%.%a%a+$',										-- three or more character hostname.hostname or hostname.tld 		'%f[%w][%w][%w%-]+[%w]%.xn%-%-[%w]+$',									-- internationalized domain name with ACE prefix 		'%f[%a][qxz]%.com$',													-- assigned one character .com hostname (x.com times out 2015-12-10) 		'%f[%a][iq]%.net$',														-- assigned one character .net hostname (q.net registered but not active 2015-12-10) 		'%f[%w][%w]%.%a%a$',													-- one character hostname and ccTLD (2 chars) 		'%f[%w][%w][%w]%.%a%a+$',												-- two character hostname and TLD 		'^%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?',								-- IPv4 address 		'[%a%d]+%:?'                                                            -- IPv6 address 		}  	for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do										-- loop through the patterns list 		if domain:match (pattern) then 			return true;														-- if a match then we think that this thing that purports to be a URL is a URL 		end 	end  	for _, d in ipairs (cfg.single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t) do					-- look for single letter second level domain names for these top level domains 		if domain:match ('%f[%w][%w]%.' .. d) then 			return true 		end 	end 	return false;																-- no matches, we don't know what this thing is end  --[[--------------------------< I S _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------------------  returns true if the scheme and domain parts of a URL appear to be a valid URL; else false.  This function is the last step in the validation process.  This function is separate because there are cases that are not covered by split_url(), for example is_parameter_ext_wikilink() which is looking for bracketted external wikilinks.  ]]  local function is_url (scheme, domain) 	if utilities.is_set (scheme) then											-- if scheme is set check it and domain 		return is_scheme (scheme) and is_domain_name (domain); 	else 		return is_domain_name (domain);											-- scheme not set when URL is protocol-relative 	end end  --[[--------------------------< S P L I T _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------------  Split a URL into a scheme, authority indicator, and domain.  First remove Fully Qualified Domain Name terminator (a dot following TLD) (if any) and any path(/), query(?) or fragment(#).  If protocol-relative URL, return nil scheme and domain else return nil for both scheme and domain.  When not protocol-relative, get scheme, authority indicator, and domain.  If there is an authority indicator (one or more '/' characters immediately following the scheme's colon), make sure that there are only 2.  Any URL that does not have news: scheme must have authority indicator (//).  TODO: are there other common schemes like news: that don't use authority indicator?  Strip off any port and path;  ]]  local function split_url (url_str) 	local scheme, authority, domain; 	 	url_str = url_str:gsub ('([%a%d])%.?[/%?#].*$', '%1');						-- strip FQDN terminator and path(/), query(?), fragment (#) (the capture prevents false replacement of '//')  	if url_str:match ('^//%S*') then											-- if there is what appears to be a protocol-relative URL 		domain = url_str:match ('^//(%S*)') 	elseif url_str:match ('%S-:/*%S+') then										-- if there is what appears to be a scheme, optional authority indicator, and domain name 		scheme, authority, domain = url_str:match ('(%S-:)(/*)(%S+)');			-- extract the scheme, authority indicator, and domain portions 		if utilities.is_set (authority) then 			authority = authority:gsub ('//', , 1);							-- replace place 1 pair of '/' with nothing; 			if utilities.is_set(authority) then									-- if anything left (1 or 3+ '/' where authority should be) then 				return scheme;													-- return scheme only making domain nil which will cause an error message 			end 		else 			if not scheme:match ('^news:') then									-- except for news:..., MediaWiki won't link URLs that do not have authority indicator; TODO: a better way to do this test? 				return scheme;													-- return scheme only making domain nil which will cause an error message 			end 		end 		domain = domain:gsub ('(%a):%d+', '%1');								-- strip port number if present 	end 	 	return scheme, domain; end  --[[--------------------------< L I N K _ P A R A M _ O K >---------------------------------------------------  checks the content of |title-link=, |series-link=, |author-link=, etc. for properly formatted content: no wikilinks, no URLs  Link parameters are to hold the title of a Wikipedia article, so none of the WP:TITLESPECIALCHARACTERS are allowed: 	# < > [ ] | { } _ except the underscore which is used as a space in wiki URLs and # which is used for section links  returns false when the value contains any of these characters.  When there are no illegal characters, this function returns TRUE if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid URL (the |<param>-link= parameter is ok); else false when value appears to be a valid URL (the |<param>-link= parameter is NOT ok).  ]]  local function link_param_ok (value) 	local scheme, domain; 	if value:find ('[<>%[%]|{}]') then                                          -- if any prohibited characters 		return false; 	end  	scheme, domain = split_url (value);											-- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from URL;  	return not is_url (scheme, domain);											-- return true if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid URL end  --[[--------------------------< L I N K _ T I T L E _ O K >---------------------------------------------------  Use link_param_ok() to validate |<param>-link= value and its matching |<title>= value.  |<title>= may be wiki-linked but not when |<param>-link= has a value.  This function emits an error message when that condition exists  check  for inter-language interwiki-link prefix.  prefix must be a MediaWiki-recognized language code and must begin with a colon.  ]]  local function link_title_ok (link, lorig, title, torig) 	local orig; 	if utilities.is_set (link) then 											-- don't bother if <param>-link doesn't have a value 		if not link_param_ok (link) then										-- check |<param>-link= markup 			orig = lorig;														-- identify the failing link parameter 		elseif title:find ('%[%[') then											-- check |title= for wikilink markup 			orig = torig;														-- identify the failing |title= parameter 		elseif link:match ('^%a+:') then										-- if the link is what looks like an interwiki 			local prefix = link:match ('^(%a+):'):lower();						-- get the interwiki prefix  			if cfg.inter_wiki_map[prefix] then									-- if prefix is in the map, must have preceding colon 				orig = lorig;													-- flag as error 			end 		end 	end  	if utilities.is_set (orig) then 		link = ;																-- unset 		utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', orig);						-- URL or wikilink in |title= with |title-link=; 	end 	 	return link;																-- link if ok, empty string else end  --[[--------------------------< C H E C K _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------------  Determines whether a URL string appears to be valid.  First we test for space characters.  If any are found, return false.  Then split the URL into scheme and domain portions, or for protocol-relative (//example.com) URLs, just the domain.  Use is_url() to validate the two portions of the URL.  If both are valid, or for protocol-relative if domain is valid, return true, else false.  Because it is different from a standard URL, and because this module used external_link() to make external links that work for standard and news: links, we validate newsgroup names here.  The specification for a newsgroup name is at https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5536#section-3.1.4  ]]  local function check_url( url_str ) 	if nil == url_str:match ("^%S+$") then										-- if there are any spaces in |url=value it can't be a proper URL 		return false; 	end 	local scheme, domain;  	scheme, domain = split_url (url_str);										-- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from URL; 	 	if 'news:' == scheme then													-- special case for newsgroups 		return domain:match('^[%a%d%+%-_]+%.[%a%d%+%-_%.]*[%a%d%+%-_]$'); 	end 	 	return is_url (scheme, domain);												-- return true if value appears to be a valid URL end  --[=[-------------------------< I S _ P A R A M E T E R _ E X T _ W I K I L I N K >----------------------------  Return true if a parameter value has a string that begins and ends with square brackets [ and ] and the first non-space characters following the opening bracket appear to be a URL.  The test will also find external wikilinks that use protocol-relative URLs. Also finds bare URLs.  The frontier pattern prevents a match on interwiki-links which are similar to scheme:path URLs.  The tests that find bracketed URLs are required because the parameters that call this test (currently |title=, |chapter=, |work=, and |publisher=) may have wikilinks and there are articles or redirects like '//Hus' so, while uncommon, |title=[] is possible as might be en://Hus.  ]=]  local function is_parameter_ext_wikilink (value) local scheme, domain;  	if value:match ('%f[%[]%[%a%S*:%S+.*%]') then								-- if ext. wikilink with scheme and domain: [xxxx://yyyyy.zzz] 		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f[%[]%[(%a%S*:%S+).*%]')); 	elseif value:match ('%f[%[]%') then								-- if protocol-relative ext. wikilink:  		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f[%[]%[(//%S+).*%]')); 	elseif value:match ('%a%S*:%S+') then										-- if bare URL with scheme; may have leading or trailing plain text 		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(%a%S*:%S+)')); 	elseif value:match ('^//%S+') or value:match ('%s//%S+') then				-- if protocol-relative bare URL: //yyyyy.zzz; authority indicator (//) must be be preceded nothing or by whitespace 		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(//%S+)'));					-- what is left should be the domain 	else 		return false;															-- didn't find anything that is obviously a URL 	end  	return is_url (scheme, domain);												-- return true if value appears to be a valid URL end  --[[-------------------------< C H E C K _ F O R _ U R L >-----------------------------------------------------  loop through a list of parameters and their values.  Look at the value and if it has an external link, emit an error message.  ]]  local function check_for_url (parameter_list, error_list) 	for k, v in pairs (parameter_list) do										-- for each parameter in the list 		if is_parameter_ext_wikilink (v) then									-- look at the value; if there is a URL add an error message 			table.insert (error_list, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', k)); 		end 	end end  --[[--------------------------< S A F E _ F O R _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------  Escape sequences for content that will be used for URL descriptions  ]]  local function safe_for_url( str ) 	if str:match( "%[%[.-%]%]" ) ~= nil then  		utilities.set_message ('err_wikilink_in_url', {}); 	end 	 	return str:gsub( '[%[%]\n]', {	 		['['] = '[', 		[']'] = ']', 		['\n'] = ' ' } ); end  --[[--------------------------< E X T E R N A L _ L I N K >----------------------------------------------------  Format an external link with error checking  ]]  local function external_link (URL, label, source, access) 	local err_msg = ; 	local domain; 	local path; 	local base_url;  	if not utilities.is_set (label) then 		label = URL; 		if utilities.is_set (source) then 			utilities.set_message ('err_bare_url_missing_title', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)}); 		else 			error (cfg.messages["bare_url_no_origin"]);							-- programmer error; valid parameter name does not have matching meta-parameter 		end			 	end 	if not check_url (URL) then 		utilities.set_message ('err_bad_url', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)}); 	end 	 	domain, path = URL:match ('^([/%.%-%+:%a%d]+)([/%?#].*)$');					-- split the URL into scheme plus domain and path 	if path then																-- if there is a path portion 		path = path:gsub ('[%[%]]', {['['] = '%5b', [']'] = '%5d'});			-- replace '[' and ']' with their percent-encoded values 		URL = table.concat ({domain, path});									-- and reassemble 	end  	base_url = table.concat ({ "[", URL, " ", safe_for_url (label), "]" });		-- assemble a wiki-markup URL  	if utilities.is_set (access) then											-- access level (subscription, registration, limited) 		base_url = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['ext-link-access-signal'], {cfg.presentation[access].class, cfg.presentation[access].title, base_url});	-- add the appropriate icon 	end  	return base_url; end  --[[--------------------------< D E P R E C A T E D _ P A R A M E T E R >--------------------------------------  Categorize and emit an error message when the citation contains one or more deprecated parameters.  The function includes the offending parameter name to the error message.  Only one error message is emitted regardless of the number of deprecated parameters in the citation.  added_deprecated_cat is a Boolean declared in page scope variables above  ]]  local function deprecated_parameter(name) 	if not added_deprecated_cat then 		added_deprecated_cat = true;											-- note that we've added this category 		utilities.set_message ('err_deprecated_params', {name});				-- add error message 	end end  --[=[-------------------------< K E R N _ Q U O T E S >--------------------------------------------------------  Apply kerning to open the space between the quote mark provided by the module and a leading or trailing quote mark contained in a |title= or |chapter= parameter's value.  This function will positive kern either single or double quotes: 	"'Unkerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks'" 	" 'Kerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks' " (in real life the kerning isn't as wide as this example) Double single quotes (italic or bold wiki-markup) are not kerned.  Replaces Unicode quote marks in plain text or in the label portion of a D style wikilink with typewriter quote marks regardless of the need for kerning.  Unicode quote marks are not replaced in simple D wikilinks.  Call this function for chapter titles, for website titles, etc.; not for book titles.  ]=]  local function kern_quotes (str) 	local cap = ; 	local wl_type, label, link;  	wl_type, label, link = utilities.is_wikilink (str);							-- wl_type is: 0, no wl (text in label variable); 1, D; 2, D 	 	if 1 == wl_type then														-- D simple wikilink with or without quote marks 		if mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[[\"“”\'‘’].+[\"“”\'‘’]%]%]') then		-- leading and trailing quote marks 			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], str); 			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], str); 		elseif mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[[\"“”\'‘’].+%]%]')	then			-- leading quote marks 			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], str); 		elseif mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[.+[\"“”\'‘’]%]%]') then				-- trailing quote marks 			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], str); 		end  	else																		-- plain text or D; text in label variable 		label = mw.ustring.gsub (label, '[“”]', '\"');							-- replace “” (U+201C & U+201D) with " (typewriter double quote mark) 		label = mw.ustring.gsub (label, '[‘’]', '\);							-- replace ‘’ (U+2018 & U+2019) with ' (typewriter single quote mark)  		cap = mw.ustring.match (label, "^([\"\'][^\'].+)");						-- match leading double or single quote but not doubled single quotes (italic markup) 		if utilities.is_set (cap) then 			label = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], cap); 		end 	 		cap = mw.ustring.match (label, "^(.+[^\'][\"\'])$")						-- match trailing double or single quote but not doubled single quotes (italic markup) 		if utilities.is_set (cap) then 			label = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], cap); 		end 		 		if 2 == wl_type then 			str = utilities.make_wikilink (link, label);						-- reassemble the wikilink 		else 			str = label; 		end 	end 	return str; end  --[[--------------------------< F O R M A T _ S C R I P T _ V A L U E >----------------------------------------  |script-title= holds title parameters that are not written in Latin-based scripts: Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Hebrew, etc. These scripts should not be italicized and may be written right-to-left.  The value supplied by |script-title= is concatenated onto Title after Title has been wrapped in italic markup.  Regardless of language, all values provided by |script-title= are wrapped in ... tags to isolate RTL languages from the English left to right.  |script-title= provides a unique feature.  The value in |script-title= may be prefixed with a two-character ISO 639-1 language code and a colon: 	|script-title=ja:*** *** (where * represents a Japanese character) Spaces between the two-character code and the colon and the colon and the first script character are allowed: 	|script-title=ja : *** *** 	|script-title=ja: *** *** 	|script-title=ja :*** *** Spaces preceding the prefix are allowed: |script-title = ja:*** ***  The prefix is checked for validity.  If it is a valid ISO 639-1 language code, the lang attribute (lang="ja") is added to the <bdi> tag so that browsers can know the language the tag contains.  This may help the browser render the script more correctly.  If the prefix is invalid, the lang attribute is not added.  At this time there is no error message for this condition.  Supports |script-title=, |script-chapter=, |script-<periodical>=  ]]  local function format_script_value (script_value, script_param) 	local lang=;																-- initialize to empty string 	local name; 	if script_value:match('^%l%l%l?%s*:') then									-- if first 3 or 4 non-space characters are script language prefix 		lang = script_value:match('^(%l%l%l?)%s*:%s*%S.*');						-- get the language prefix or nil if there is no script 		if not utilities.is_set (lang) then 			utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['missing title part']});		-- prefix without 'title'; add error message 			return ;															-- script_value was just the prefix so return empty string 		end 																				-- if we get this far we have prefix and script 		name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[lang] or mw.language.fetchLanguageName( lang, cfg.this_wiki_code );	-- get language name so that we can use it to categorize 		if utilities.is_set (name) then											-- is prefix a proper ISO 639-1 language code? 			script_value = script_value:gsub ('^%l+%s*:%s*', );				-- strip prefix from script 																				-- is prefix one of these language codes? 			if utilities.in_array (lang, cfg.script_lang_codes) then 				utilities.add_prop_cat ('script', {name, lang}) 			else 				utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['unknown language code']});	-- unknown script-language; add error message 			end 			lang = ' lang="' .. lang .. '" ';									-- convert prefix into a lang attribute 		else 			utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['invalid language code']});		-- invalid language code; add error message 			lang = ;															-- invalid so set lang to empty string 		end 	else 		utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['missing prefix']});				-- no language code prefix; add error message 	end 	script_value = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['bdi'], {lang, script_value});	-- isolate in case script is RTL  	return script_value; end  --[[--------------------------< S C R I P T _ C O N C A T E N A T E >------------------------------------------  Initially for |title= and |script-title=, this function concatenates those two parameter values after the script value has been wrapped in <bdi> tags.  ]]  local function script_concatenate (title, script, script_param) 	if utilities.is_set (script) then 		script = format_script_value (script, script_param);					-- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; returns empty string on error 		if utilities.is_set (script) then 			title = title .. ' ' .. script;										-- concatenate title and script title 		end 	end 	return title; end  --[[--------------------------< W R A P _ M S G >--------------------------------------------------------------  Applies additional message text to various parameter values. Supplied string is wrapped using a message_list configuration taking one argument.  Supports lower case text for  templates.  Additional text taken from citation_config.messages - the reason this function is similar to but separate from wrap_style().  ]]  local function wrap_msg (key, str, lower) 	if not utilities.is_set ( str ) then 		return ""; 	end 	if true == lower then 		local msg; 		msg = cfg.messages[key]:lower();										-- set the message to lower case before  		return utilities.substitute ( msg, str );								-- including template text 	else 		return utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages[key], str ); 	end		 end  --[[----------------< W I K I S O U R C E _ U R L _ M A K E >-------------------  Makes a Wikisource URL from Wikisource interwiki-link.  Returns the URL and appropriate label; nil else.  str is the value assigned to |chapter= (or aliases) or |title= or |title-link=  ]]  local function wikisource_url_make (str) 	local wl_type, D, L; 	local ws_url, ws_label; 	local wikisource_prefix = table.concat ({'https://', cfg.this_wiki_code, '.wikisource.org/wiki/'});  	wl_type, D, L = utilities.is_wikilink (str);								-- wl_type is 0 (not a wikilink), 1 (simple wikilink), 2 (complex wikilink)  	if 0 == wl_type then														-- not a wikilink; might be from |title-link= 		str = D:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or D:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)');		-- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace 		if utilities.is_set (str) then 			ws_url = table.concat ({											-- build a Wikisource URL 				wikisource_prefix,												-- prefix 				str,															-- article title 				}); 			ws_label = str;														-- label for the URL 		end 	elseif 1 == wl_type then													-- simple wikilink: Wikisource:ws article 		str = D:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or D:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)');		-- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace 		if utilities.is_set (str) then 			ws_url = table.concat ({											-- build a Wikisource URL 				wikisource_prefix,												-- prefix 				str,															-- article title 				}); 			ws_label = str;														-- label for the URL 		end 	elseif 2 == wl_type then													-- non-so-simple wikilink: displayed text (D) 		str = L:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or L:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)');		-- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace 		if utilities.is_set (str) then 			ws_label = D;														-- get ws article name from display portion of interwiki link 			ws_url = table.concat ({											-- build a Wikisource URL 				wikisource_prefix,												-- prefix 				str,															-- article title without namespace from link portion of wikilink 				}); 		end 	end  	if ws_url then 		ws_url = mw.uri.encode (ws_url, 'WIKI');								-- make a usable URL 		ws_url = ws_url:gsub ('%%23', '#');										-- undo percent-encoding of fragment marker 	end  	return ws_url, ws_label, L or D;											-- return proper URL or nil and a label or nil end  --[[----------------< F O R M A T _ P E R I O D I C A L >-----------------------  Format the three periodical parameters: |script-<periodical>=, |<periodical>=, and |trans-<periodical>= into a single Periodical meta-parameter.  ]]  local function format_periodical (script_periodical, script_periodical_source, periodical, trans_periodical)  	if not utilities.is_set (periodical) then 		periodical = ;														-- to be safe for concatenation 	else 		periodical = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', periodical);			-- style  	end  	periodical = script_concatenate (periodical, script_periodical, script_periodical_source);	-- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped  	if utilities.is_set (trans_periodical) then 		trans_periodical = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-italic-title', trans_periodical); 		if utilities.is_set (periodical) then 			periodical = periodical .. ' ' .. trans_periodical; 		else																	-- here when trans-periodical without periodical or script-periodical 			periodical = trans_periodical; 			utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'periodical'}); 		end 	end  	return periodical; end  --[[------------------< F O R M A T _ C H A P T E R _ T I T L E >---------------  Format the four chapter parameters: |script-chapter=, |chapter=, |trans-chapter=, and |chapter-url= into a single chapter meta- parameter (chapter_url_source used for error messages).  ]]  local function format_chapter_title (script_chapter, script_chapter_source, chapter, chapter_source, trans_chapter, trans_chapter_source, chapter_url, chapter_url_source, no_quotes, access) 	local ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (chapter);					-- make a wikisource URL and label from a wikisource interwiki link 	if ws_url then 		ws_label = ws_label:gsub ('_', ' ');									-- replace underscore separators with space characters 		chapter = ws_label; 	end  	if not utilities.is_set (chapter) then 		chapter = ;															-- to be safe for concatenation 	else 		if false == no_quotes then 			chapter = kern_quotes (chapter);									-- if necessary, separate chapter title's leading and trailing quote marks from module provided quote marks 			chapter = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-title', chapter); 		end 	end  	chapter = script_concatenate (chapter, script_chapter, script_chapter_source);	-- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped  	if utilities.is_set (chapter_url) then 		chapter = external_link (chapter_url, chapter, chapter_url_source, access);	-- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate 	elseif ws_url then 		chapter = external_link (ws_url, chapter .. ' ', 'ws link in chapter');	-- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate; space char to move icon away from chap text; TODO: better way to do this? 		chapter = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, chapter});				 	end  	if utilities.is_set (trans_chapter) then 		trans_chapter = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', trans_chapter); 		if utilities.is_set (chapter) then 			chapter = chapter .. ' ' .. trans_chapter; 		else																	-- here when trans_chapter without chapter or script-chapter 			chapter = trans_chapter; 			chapter_source = trans_chapter_source:match ('trans%-?(.+)');		-- when no chapter, get matching name from trans-<param> 			utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {chapter_source}); 		end 	end  	return chapter; end  --[[----------------< H A S _ I N V I S I B L E _ C H A R S >-------------------  This function searches a parameter's value for non-printable or invisible characters. The search stops at the first match.  This function will detect the visible replacement character when it is part of the Wikisource.  Detects but ignores nowiki and math stripmarkers.  Also detects other named stripmarkers (gallery, math, pre, ref) and identifies them with a slightly different error message. See also coins_cleanup().  Output of this function is an error message that identifies the character or the Unicode group, or the stripmarker that was detected along with its position (or, for multi-byte characters, the position of its first byte) in the parameter value.  ]]  local function has_invisible_chars (param, v) 	local position = ;														-- position of invisible char or starting position of stripmarker 	local capture;																-- used by stripmarker detection to hold name of the stripmarker 	local stripmarker;															-- boolean set true when a stripmarker is found  	capture = string.match (v, '[%w%p ]*');										-- test for values that are simple ASCII text and bypass other tests if true 	if capture == v then														-- if same there are no Unicode characters 		return; 	end  	for _, invisible_char in ipairs (cfg.invisible_chars) do 		local char_name = invisible_char[1];									-- the character or group name 		local pattern = invisible_char[2];										-- the pattern used to find it 		position, _, capture = mw.ustring.find (v, pattern);					-- see if the parameter value contains characters that match the pattern 		 		if position and (cfg.invisible_defs.zwj == capture) then				-- if we found a zero-width joiner character 			if mw.ustring.find (v, cfg.indic_script) then						-- it's ok if one of the Indic scripts 				position = nil;													-- unset position 			elseif cfg.emoji_t[mw.ustring.codepoint (v, position+1)] then			-- is zwj followed by a character listed in emoji{}? 				position = nil;													-- unset position 			end 		end 		 		if position then 			if 'nowiki' == capture or 'math' == capture or						-- nowiki and math stripmarkers (not an error condition) 				('templatestyles' == capture and utilities.in_array (param, {'id', 'quote'})) then	-- templatestyles stripmarker allowed in these parameters 					stripmarker = true;											-- set a flag 			elseif true == stripmarker and cfg.invisible_defs.del == capture then	-- because stripmakers begin and end with the delete char, assume that we've found one end of a stripmarker 				position = nil;													-- unset 			else 				local err_msg; 				if capture and not (cfg.invisible_defs.del == capture or cfg.invisible_defs.zwj == capture) then 					err_msg = capture .. ' ' .. char_name; 				else 					err_msg = char_name .. ' ' .. 'character'; 				end  				utilities.set_message ('err_invisible_char', {err_msg, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', param), position});	-- add error message 				return;															-- and done with this parameter 			end 		end 	end end  --[[-------------------< A R G U M E N T _ W R A P P E R >----------------------  Argument wrapper.  This function provides support for argument mapping defined in the configuration file so that multiple names can be transparently aliased to single internal variable.  ]]  local function argument_wrapper ( args ) 	local origin = {}; 	 	return setmetatable({ 		ORIGIN = function ( self, k ) 			local dummy = self[k];												-- force the variable to be loaded. 			return origin[k]; 		end 	}, 	{ 		__index = function ( tbl, k ) 			if origin[k] ~= nil then 				return nil; 			end 			 			local args, list, v = args, cfg.aliases[k]; 			 			if type( list ) == 'table' then 				v, origin[k] = utilities.select_one ( args, list, 'err_redundant_parameters' ); 				if origin[k] == nil then 					origin[k] = ;												-- Empty string, not nil 				end 			elseif list ~= nil then 				v, origin[k] = args[list], list; 			else 				-- maybe let through instead of raising an error? 				-- v, origin[k] = args[k], k; 				error( cfg.messages['unknown_argument_map'] .. ': ' .. k); 			end 			 			-- Empty strings, not nil; 			if v == nil then 				v = ; 				origin[k] = ; 			end 			 			tbl = rawset( tbl, k, v ); 			return v; 		end, 	}); end  --[[--------------------------< N O W R A P _ D A T E >-------------------------  When date is YYYY-MM-DD format wrap in nowrap span: YYYY-MM-DD. When date is DD MMMM YYYY or is MMMM DD, YYYY then wrap in nowrap span: DD MMMM YYYY or MMMM DD, YYYY  DOES NOT yet support MMMM YYYY or any of the date ranges.  ]]  local function nowrap_date (date) 	local cap = ; 	local cap2 = ;  	if date:match("^%d%d%d%d%-%d%d%-%d%d$") then 		date = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['nowrap1'], date); 	 	elseif date:match("^%a+%s*%d%d?,%s+%d%d%d%d$") or date:match ("^%d%d?%s*%a+%s+%d%d%d%d$") then 		cap, cap2 = string.match (date, "^(.*)%s+(%d%d%d%d)$"); 		date = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['nowrap2'], {cap, cap2}); 	end 	 	return date; end  --[[--------------------------< S E T _ T I T L E T Y P E >---------------------  This function sets default title types (equivalent to the citation including |type=<default value>) for those templates that have defaults. Also handles the special case where it is desirable to omit the title type from the rendered citation (|type=none).  ]]  local function set_titletype (cite_class, title_type) 	if utilities.is_set (title_type) then 		if 'none' == cfg.keywords_xlate[title_type] then 			title_type = ;													-- if |type=none then type parameter not displayed 		end 		return title_type;														-- if |type= has been set to any other value use that value 	end  	return cfg.title_types [cite_class] or ;									-- set template's default title type; else empty string for concatenation end  --[[--------------------------< S A F E _ J O I N >-----------------------------  Joins a sequence of strings together while checking for duplicate separation characters.  ]]  local function safe_join( tbl, duplicate_char ) 	local f = {};																-- create a function table appropriate to type of 'duplicate character' 		if 1 == #duplicate_char then											-- for single byte ASCII characters use the string library functions 			f.gsub = string.gsub 			f.match = string.match 			f.sub = string.sub 		else																	-- for multi-byte characters use the ustring library functions 			f.gsub = mw.ustring.gsub 			f.match = mw.ustring.match 			f.sub = mw.ustring.sub 		end  	local str = ;																-- the output string 	local comp = ;															-- what does 'comp' mean? 	local end_chr = ; 	local trim; 	for _, value in ipairs( tbl ) do 		if value == nil then value = ; end 		 		if str ==  then														-- if output string is empty 			str = value;														-- assign value to it (first time through the loop) 		elseif value ~=  then 			if value:sub(1, 1) == '<' then										-- special case of values enclosed in spans and other markup. 				comp = value:gsub( "%b<>", "" );								-- remove HTML markup (string -> string) 			else 				comp = value; 			end 																				-- typically duplicate_char is sepc 			if f.sub(comp, 1, 1) == duplicate_char then							-- is first character same as duplicate_char? why test first character? 																				--   Because individual string segments often (always?) begin with terminal punct for the 																				--   preceding segment: 'First element' .. 'sepc next element' .. etc.? 				trim = false; 				end_chr = f.sub(str, -1, -1);									-- get the last character of the output string 				-- str = str .. "<HERE(enchr=" .. end_chr .. ")"				-- debug stuff? 				if end_chr == duplicate_char then								-- if same as separator 					str = f.sub(str, 1, -2);									-- remove it 				elseif end_chr == "'" then										-- if it might be wiki-markup 					if f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. "" then		-- if last three chars of str are sepc  						str = f.sub(str, 1, -4) .. "";						-- remove them and add back  					elseif  f.sub(str, -5, -1) == duplicate_char .. "]]" then	-- if last five chars of str are sepc]]  						trim = true;											-- why? why do this and next differently from previous? 					elseif f.sub(str, -4, -1) == duplicate_char .. "]" then	-- if last four chars of str are sepc]  						trim = true;											-- same question 					end 				elseif end_chr == "]" then										-- if it might be wiki-markup 					if f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. "]]" then		-- if last three chars of str are sepc]] wikilink  						trim = true; 					elseif f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. '"]' then	-- if last three chars of str are sepc"] quoted external link  						trim = true; 					elseif  f.sub(str, -2, -1) == duplicate_char .. "]" then	-- if last two chars of str are sepc] external link 						trim = true; 					elseif f.sub(str, -4, -1) == duplicate_char .. "]" then	-- normal case when |url=something & |title=Title. 						trim = true; 					end 				elseif end_chr == " " then										-- if last char of output string is a space 					if f.sub(str, -2, -1) == duplicate_char .. " " then			-- if last two chars of str are <sepc><space> 						str = f.sub(str, 1, -3);								-- remove them both 					end 				end  				if trim then 					if value ~= comp then 										-- value does not equal comp when value contains HTML markup 						local dup2 = duplicate_char; 						if f.match(dup2, "%A" ) then dup2 = "%" .. dup2; end	-- if duplicate_char not a letter then escape it 						 						value = f.gsub(value, "(%b<>)" .. dup2, "%1", 1 )		-- remove duplicate_char if it follows HTML markup 					else 						value = f.sub(value, 2, -1 );							-- remove duplicate_char when it is first character 					end 				end 			end 			str = str .. value; 												-- add it to the output string 		end 	end 	return str; end  --[[--------------------------< I S _ S U F F I X >-----------------------------  returns true if suffix is properly formed Jr, Sr, or ordinal in the range 1–9. Puncutation not allowed.  ]]  local function is_suffix (suffix) 	if utilities.in_array (suffix, {'Jr', 'Sr', 'Jnr', 'Snr', '1st', '2nd', '3rd'}) or suffix:match ('^%dth$') then 		return true; 	end 	return false; end  --[[--------------------< I S _ G O O D _ V A N C _ N A M E >-------------------  For Vancouver style, author/editor names are supposed to be rendered in Latin (read ASCII) characters.  When a name uses characters that contain diacritical marks, those characters are to be converted to the corresponding Latin character. When a name is written using a non-Latin alphabet or logogram, that name is to be transliterated into Latin characters. The module doesn't do this so editors may/must.  This test allows |first= and |last= names to contain any of the letters defined in the four Unicode Latin character sets 	C0 Controls and Basic Latin 0041–005A, 0061–007A 	C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement 00C0–00D6, 00D8–00F6, 00F8–00FF 	Latin Extended-A 0100–017F 	Latin Extended-B 0180–01BF, 01C4–024F  |lastn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, and apostrophes. 	(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/) |firstn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, apostrophes, and periods  This original test: 	if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, "^[A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿǄ-ɏ%-%s%']*$") 	or nil == mw.ustring.find (first, "^[A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿǄ-ɏ%-%s%'%.]+[2-6%a]*$") then was written outside of the code editor and pasted here because the code editor gets confused between character insertion point and cursor position. The test has been rewritten to use decimal character escape sequence for the individual bytes of the Unicode characters so that it is not necessary to use an external editor to maintain this code.  	\195\128-\195\150 – À-Ö (U+00C0–U+00D6 – C0 controls) 	\195\152-\195\182 – Ø-ö (U+00D8-U+00F6 – C0 controls) 	\195\184-\198\191 – ø-ƿ (U+00F8-U+01BF – C0 controls, Latin extended A & B) 	\199\132-\201\143 – Ǆ-ɏ (U+01C4-U+024F – Latin extended B)  ]]  local function is_good_vanc_name (last, first, suffix, position) 	if not suffix then 		if first:find ('[,%s]') then											-- when there is a space or comma, might be first name/initials + generational suffix 			first = first:match ('(.-)[,%s]+');									-- get name/initials 			suffix = first:match ('[,%s]+(.+)$');								-- get generational suffix 		end 	end 	if utilities.is_set (suffix) then 		if not is_suffix (suffix) then 			add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.suffix, position); 			return false;														-- not a name with an appropriate suffix 		end 	end 	if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, "^[A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143\225\184\128-\225\187\191%-%s%']*$") or 		nil == mw.ustring.find (first, "^[A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143\225\184\128-\225\187\191%-%s%'%.]*$") then 			add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl['non-Latin char'], position); 			return false;														-- not a string of Latin characters; Vancouver requires Romanization 	end; 	return true; end  --[[--------------------------< R E D U C E _ T O _ I N I T I A L S >------------------------------------------  Attempts to convert names to initials in support of |name-list-style=vanc.    Names in |firstn= may be separated by spaces or hyphens, or for initials, a period. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35062/.  Vancouver style requires family rank designations (Jr, II, III, etc.) to be rendered as Jr, 2nd, 3rd, etc.  See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35085/. This code only accepts and understands generational suffix in the Vancouver format because Roman numerals look like, and can be mistaken for, initials.  This function uses ustring functions because firstname initials may be any of the Unicode Latin characters accepted by is_good_vanc_name ().  ]]  local function reduce_to_initials (first, position) 	if first:find (',', 1, true) then 		return first;															-- commas not allowed; abandon 	end  	local name, suffix = mw.ustring.match (first, "^(%u+) ([%dJS][%drndth]+)$");  	if not name then															-- if not initials and a suffix 		name = mw.ustring.match (first, "^(%u+)$");								-- is it just initials? 	end  	if name then																-- if first is initials with or without suffix 		if 3 > mw.ustring.len (name) then										-- if one or two initials 			if suffix then														-- if there is a suffix 				if is_suffix (suffix) then										-- is it legitimate? 					return first;												-- one or two initials and a valid suffix so nothing to do 				else 					add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.suffix, position);			-- one or two initials with invalid suffix so error message 					return first;												-- and return first unmolested 				end 			else 				return first;													-- one or two initials without suffix; nothing to do 			end 		end 	end																			-- if here then name has 3 or more uppercase letters so treat them as a word  	local initials_t, names_t = {}, {};											-- tables to hold name parts and initials 	local i = 1;																-- counter for number of initials  	names_t = mw.text.split (first, '[%s%-]+');									-- split into a sequence of names and possible suffix  	while names_t[i] do															-- loop through the sequence 		if 1 < i and names_t[i]:match ('[%dJS][%drndth]+%.?$') then				-- if not the first name, and looks like a suffix (may have trailing dot) 			names_t[i] = names_t[i]:gsub ('%.', );							-- remove terminal dot if present 			if is_suffix (names_t[i]) then										-- if a legitimate suffix 				table.insert (initials_t, ' ' .. names_t[i]);					-- add a separator space, insert at end of initials sequence 				break;															-- and done because suffix must fall at the end of a name 			end																	-- no error message if not a suffix; possibly because of Romanization 		end 		if 3 > i then 			table.insert (initials_t, mw.ustring.sub (names_t[i], 1, 1));		-- insert the initial at end of initials sequence 		end 		i = i + 1;																-- bump the counter 	end 			 	return table.concat (initials_t);											-- Vancouver format does not include spaces. end  --[[--------------------------< I N T E R W I K I _ P R E F I X E N _ G E T >----------------------------------  extract interwiki prefixen from <value>.  Returns two one or two values: 	false – no prefixen 	nil – prefix exists but not recognized 	project prefix, language prefix – when value has either of: 		:<project>:<language>:<article> 		:<language>:<project>:<article> 	project prefix, nil – when <value> has only a known single-letter prefix 	nil, language prefix – when <value> has only a known language prefix  accepts single-letter project prefixen: 'd' (wikidata), 's' (wikisource), and 'w' (wikipedia) prefixes; at this writing, the other single-letter prefixen (b (wikibook), c (commons), m (meta), n (wikinews), q (wikiquote), and v (wikiversity)) are not supported.  ]]  local function interwiki_prefixen_get (value, is_link) 	if not value:find (':%l+:') then											-- if no prefix 		return false;															-- abandon; boolean here to distinguish from nil fail returns later 	end  	local prefix_patterns_linked_t = {											-- sequence of valid interwiki and inter project prefixen 		'^%[%[:([dsw]):(%l%l+):',												-- wikilinked; project and language prefixes 		'^%[%[:(%l%l+):([dsw]):',												-- wikilinked; language and project prefixes 		'^%[%[:([dsw]):',														-- wikilinked; project prefix 		'^%[%[:(%l%l+):',														-- wikilinked; language prefix 		} 		 	local prefix_patterns_unlinked_t = {										-- sequence of valid interwiki and inter project prefixen 		'^:([dsw]):(%l%l+):',													-- project and language prefixes 		'^:(%l%l+):([dsw]):',													-- language and project prefixes 		'^:([dsw]):',															-- project prefix 		'^:(%l%l+):',															-- language prefix 		} 	 	local cap1, cap2; 	for _, pattern in ipairs ((is_link and prefix_patterns_linked_t) or prefix_patterns_unlinked_t) do 		cap1, cap2 = value:match (pattern); 		if cap1 then 			break;																-- found a match so stop looking 		end 	end 	 	if cap1 and cap2 then														-- when both then :project:language: or :language:project: (both forms allowed) 		if 1 == #cap1 then														-- length == 1 then :project:language: 			if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap2] then									-- is language prefix in the interwiki map? 				return cap1, cap2;												-- return interwiki project and interwiki language 			end 		else																	-- here when :language:project: 			if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap1] then									-- is language prefix in the interwiki map? 				return cap2, cap1;												-- return interwiki project and interwiki language 			end 		end 		return nil;																-- unknown interwiki language 	elseif not (cap1 or cap2) then												-- both are nil? 		return nil;																-- we got something that looks like a project prefix but isn't; return fail 	elseif 1 == #cap1 then														-- here when one capture 		return cap1, nil;														-- length is 1 so return project, nil language 	else																		-- here when one capture and its length it more than 1 		if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap1] then										-- is language prefix in the interwiki map? 			return nil, cap1;													-- return nil project, language 		end 	end end  --[[--------------------------< L I S T _ P E O P L E >--------------------------  Formats a list of people (authors, contributors, editors, interviewers, translators)   names in the list will be linked when 	|<name>-link= has a value 	|<name>-mask- does NOT have a value; masked names are presumed to have been 		rendered previously so should have been linked there  when |<name>-mask=0, the associated name is not rendered  ]]  local function list_people (control, people, etal) 	local sep; 	local namesep; 	local format = control.format; 	local maximum = control.maximum; 	local name_list = {};  	if 'vanc' == format then													-- Vancouver-like name styling? 		sep = cfg.presentation['sep_nl_vanc'];									-- name-list separator between names is a comma 		namesep = cfg.presentation['sep_name_vanc'];							-- last/first separator is a space 	else 		sep = cfg.presentation['sep_nl'];										-- name-list separator between names is a semicolon 		namesep = cfg.presentation['sep_name'];									-- last/first separator is <comma><space> 	end 	 	if sep:sub (-1, -1) ~= " " then sep = sep .. " " end 	if utilities.is_set (maximum) and maximum < 1 then return "", 0; end		-- returned 0 is for EditorCount; not used for other names 	 	for i, person in ipairs (people) do 		if utilities.is_set (person.last) then 			local mask = person.mask; 			local one; 			local sep_one = sep;  			if utilities.is_set (maximum) and i > maximum then 				etal = true; 				break; 			end 			 			if mask then 				local n = tonumber (mask);										-- convert to a number if it can be converted; nil else 				if n then 					one = 0 ~= n and string.rep("—", n) or nil;			-- make a string of (n > 0) mdashes, nil else, to replace name 					person.link = nil;											-- don't create link to name if name is replaces with mdash string or has been set nil 				else 					one = mask;													-- replace name with mask text (must include name-list separator) 					sep_one = " ";												-- modify name-list separator 				end 			else 				one = person.last;												-- get surname 				local first = person.first										-- get given name 				if utilities.is_set (first) then 					if ("vanc" == format) then									-- if Vancouver format 						one = one:gsub ('%.', );								-- remove periods from surnames (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/) 						if not person.corporate and is_good_vanc_name (one, first, nil, i) then		-- and name is all Latin characters; corporate authors not tested 							first = reduce_to_initials (first, i);				-- attempt to convert first name(s) to initials 						end 					end 					one = one .. namesep .. first; 				end 			end 			if utilities.is_set (person.link) then 				one = utilities.make_wikilink (person.link, one);				-- link author/editor 			end  			if one then															-- if <one> has a value (name, mdash replacement, or mask text replacement) 				local proj, tag = interwiki_prefixen_get (one, true);			-- get the interwiki prefixen if present 				if 'w' == proj and ('Wikipedia' == mw.site.namespaces.Project['name']) then 					proj = nil;													-- for stuff like :w:de:<article>, :w is unnecessary TODO: maint cat? 				end 				if proj then 					local proj_name = ({['d'] = 'Wikidata', ['s'] = 'Wikisource', ['w'] = 'Wikipedia'})[proj];	-- :w (wikipedia) for linking from a non-wikipedia project 					if proj_name then  						one = one .. utilities.wrap_style ('interproj', proj_name);	-- add resized leading space, brackets, static text, language name 						utilities.add_prop_cat ('interproj-linked-name', proj);	-- categorize it; <proj> is sort key 						tag = nil;												-- unset; don't do both project and language 					end 				end 				if tag == cfg.this_wiki_code then 					tag = nil;													-- stuff like :en:<article> at en.wiki is pointless TODO: maint cat? 				end 				if tag then 					local lang = cfg.lang_tag_remap[tag] or cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag]; 					if lang then												-- error messaging done in extract_names() where we know parameter names 						one = one .. utilities.wrap_style ('interwiki', lang);	-- add resized leading space, brackets, static text, language name 						utilities.add_prop_cat ('interwiki-linked-name', tag);	-- categorize it; <tag> is sort key 					end 				end  				table.insert (name_list, one);									-- add it to the list of names 				table.insert (name_list, sep_one);								-- add the proper name-list separator 			end 		end 	end  	local count = #name_list / 2;												-- (number of names + number of separators) divided by 2 	if 0 < count then  		if 1 < count and not etal then 			if 'amp' == format then 				name_list[#name_list-2] = " & ";								-- replace last separator with ampersand text 			elseif 'and' == format then 				if 2 == count then 					name_list[#name_list-2] = cfg.presentation.sep_nl_and;		-- replace last separator with 'and' text 				else 					name_list[#name_list-2] = cfg.presentation.sep_nl_end;		-- replace last separator with '(sep) and' text 				end 			end 		end 		name_list[#name_list] = nil;											-- erase the last separator 	end  	local result = table.concat (name_list);									-- construct list 	if etal and utilities.is_set (result) then									-- etal may be set by |display-authors=etal but we might not have a last-first list 		result = result .. sep .. cfg.messages['et al'];						-- we've got a last-first list and etal so add et al. 	end 	 	return result, count;														-- return name-list string and count of number of names (count used for editor names only) end  --[[--------------------< M A K E _ C I T E R E F _ I D >-----------------------  Generates a CITEREF anchor ID if we have at least one name or a date.  Otherwise returns an empty string.  namelist is one of the contributor-, author-, or editor-name lists chosen in that order.  year is Year or anchor_year.  ]]  local function make_citeref_id (namelist, year) 	local names={};							-- a table for the one to four names and year 	for i,v in ipairs (namelist) do			-- loop through the list and take up to the first four last names 		names[i] = v.last 		if i == 4 then break end			-- if four then done 	end 	table.insert (names, year);				-- add the year at the end 	local id = table.concat(names);			-- concatenate names and year for CITEREF id 	if utilities.is_set (id) then			-- if concatenation is not an empty string 		return "CITEREF" .. id;				-- add the CITEREF portion 	else 		return ;							-- return an empty string; no reason to include CITEREF id in this citation 	end end  --[[--------------------------< C I T E _ C L A S S _A T T R I B U T E _M A K E >------------------------------  construct <cite> tag class attribute for this citation.  <cite_class> – config.CitationClass from calling template <mode> – value from |mode= parameter  ]]  local function cite_class_attribute_make (cite_class, mode) 	local class_t = {}; 	table.insert (class_t, 'citation');											-- required for blue highlight 	if 'citation' ~= cite_class then 		table.insert (class_t, cite_class);										-- identify this template for user css 		table.insert (class_t, utilities.is_set (mode) and mode or 'cs1');		-- identify the citation style for user css or javascript 	else 		table.insert (class_t, utilities.is_set (mode) and mode or 'cs2');		-- identify the citation style for user css or javascript 	end 	for _, prop_key in ipairs (z.prop_keys_t) do 		table.insert (class_t, prop_key);										-- identify various properties for user css or javascript 	end  	return table.concat (class_t, ' ');											-- make a big string and done end  --[[---------------------< N A M E _ H A S _ E T A L >--------------------------  Evaluates the content of name parameters (author, editor, etc.) for variations on the theme of et al.  If found, the et al. is removed, a flag is set to true and the function returns the modified name and the flag.  This function never sets the flag to false but returns its previous state because it may have been set by previous passes through this function or by the associated |display-<names>=etal parameter  ]]  local function name_has_etal (name, etal, nocat, param)  	if utilities.is_set (name) then												-- name can be nil in which case just return 		local patterns = cfg.et_al_patterns; 									-- get patterns from configuration 		 		for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do									-- loop through all of the patterns 			if name:match (pattern) then										-- if this 'et al' pattern is found in name 				name = name:gsub (pattern, );									-- remove the offending text 				etal = true;													-- set flag (may have been set previously here or by |display-<names>=etal) 				if not nocat then												-- no categorization for |vauthors= 					utilities.set_message ('err_etal', {param});				-- and set an error if not added 				end 			end 		end 	end  	return name, etal; end  --[[---------------------< N A M E _ I S _ N U M E R I C >----------------------  Add an error message and category when <name> parameter value does not contain letters.    Add a maintenance category when <name> parameter value has numeric characters mixed with characters that are  not numeric characters; could be letters and/or punctuation characters.  This function will only emit one error and one maint message for the current template.  Does not emit both error and maint messages/categories for the same parameter value.  returns nothing  ]]  local function name_is_numeric (name, name_alias, list_name) 	local patterns = { 		'^%D+%d',																-- <name> must have digits preceded by other characters 		'^%D*%d+%D+',															-- <name> must have digits followed by other characters 		}  	if not added_numeric_name_errs and mw.ustring.match (name, '^[%A]+$') then	-- if we have not already set an error message and <name> does not have any alpha characters 		utilities.set_message ('err_numeric_names', name_alias);				-- add an error message 		added_numeric_name_errs = true;											-- set the flag so we emit only one error message 		return;																	-- when here no point in further testing; abandon 	end  	if not added_numeric_name_maint then										-- if we have already set a maint message 		for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do									-- spin through list of patterns 			if mw.ustring.match (name, pattern) then							-- digits preceded or followed by anything but digits; %D+ includes punctuation 				utilities.set_message ('maint_numeric_names', cfg.special_case_translation [list_name]);	-- add a maint cat for this template 				added_numeric_name_maint = true;								-- set the flag so we emit only one maint message 				return;															-- when here no point in further testing; abandon 			end 		end 	end end  --[[-----------------< N A M E _ H A S _ M U L T _ N A M E S >------------------  Evaluates the content of last/surname (authors etc.) parameters for multiple names. Multiple names are indicated if there is more than one comma or any "unescaped" semicolons. Escaped semicolons are ones used as part of selected HTML entities. If the condition is met, the function adds the multiple name maintenance category.  Same test for first except that commas should not appear in given names (MOS:JR says that the generational suffix does not take a separator character).  Titles, degrees, postnominals, affiliations, all normally comma separated don't belong in a citation.  <name> – name parameter value <list_name> – AuthorList, EditorList, etc <limit> – number of allowed commas; 1 (default) for surnames; 0 for given names  returns nothing  ]]  local function name_has_mult_names (name, list_name, limit) 	local _, commas, semicolons, nbsps; 	limit = limit and limit or 1; 	if utilities.is_set (name) then 		_, commas = name:gsub (',', );										-- count the number of commas 		_, semicolons = name:gsub (';', );									-- count the number of semicolons 		-- nbsps probably should be its own separate count rather than merged in 		-- some way with semicolons because Lua patterns do not support the 		-- grouping operator that regex does, which means there is no way to add 		-- more entities to escape except by adding more counts with the new 		-- entities 		_, nbsps = name:gsub (' ',);										-- count nbsps 		 		-- There is exactly 1 semicolon per   entity, so subtract nbsps 		-- from semicolons to 'escape' them. If additional entities are added, 		-- they also can be subtracted. 		if limit < commas or 0 < (semicolons - nbsps) then 			utilities.set_message ('maint_mult_names', cfg.special_case_translation [list_name]);	-- add a maint message 		end 	end end  --[=[-------------------------< I S _ G E N E R I C >----------------------------------------------------------  Compares values assigned to various parameters according to the string provided as <item> in the function call. <item> can have on of two values: 	'generic_names' – for name-holding parameters: |last=, |first=, |editor-last=, etc 	'generic_titles' – for |title=  There are two types of generic tests.  The 'accept' tests look for a pattern that should not be rejected by the 'reject' test.  For example, 	|author=Smith, John would be rejected by the 'author' reject test.  But piped wikilinks with 'author' disambiguation should not be rejected so the 'accept' test prevents that from happening.  Accept tests are always performed before reject tests.  Each of the 'accept' and 'reject' sequence tables hold tables for en.wiki (['en']) and local.wiki (['local']) that each can hold a test sequence table  The sequence table holds, at index [1], a test pattern, and, at index [2], a boolean control value.  The control value tells string.find() or mw.ustring.find() to do plain-text search (true) or a pattern search (false).  The intent of all this complexity is to make these searches as fast as possible so that we don't run out of processing time on very large articles.  Returns 	true when a reject test finds the pattern or string 	false when an accept test finds the pattern or string 	nil else  ]=]  local function is_generic (item, value, wiki) 	local test_val; 	local str_lower = {															-- use string.lower() for en.wiki (['en']) and use mw.ustring.lower() or local.wiki (['local']) 		['en'] = string.lower, 		['local'] = mw.ustring.lower, 		} 	local str_find = {															-- use string.find() for en.wiki (['en']) and use mw.ustring.find() or local.wiki (['local']) 		['en'] = string.find, 		['local'] = mw.ustring.find, 		}  	local function test (val, test_t, wiki)										-- local function to do the testing; <wiki> selects lower() and find() functions 		val = test_t[2] and str_lower[wiki](value) or val;						-- when <test_t[2]> set to 'true', plaintext search using lowercase value 		return str_find[wiki] (val, test_t[1], 1, test_t[2]);					-- return nil when not found or matched 	end 		 	local test_types_t = {'accept', 'reject'};									-- test accept patterns first, then reject patterns 	local wikis_t = {'en', 'local'};											-- do tests for each of these keys; en.wiki first, local.wiki second  	for _, test_type in ipairs (test_types_t) do								-- for each test type 		for _, generic_value in pairs (cfg.special_case_translation[item][test_type]) do	-- spin through the list of generic value fragments to accept or reject 			for _, wiki in ipairs (wikis_t) do 				if generic_value[wiki] then 					if test (value, generic_value[wiki], wiki) then				-- go do the test 						return ('reject' == test_type);							-- param value rejected, return true; false else 					end 				end 			end 		end 	end end  --[[--------------------------< N A M E _ I S _ G E N E R I C >------------------------------------------------  calls is_generic() to determine if <name> is a 'generic name' listed in cfg.generic_names; <name_alias> is the parameter name used in error messaging  ]]  local function name_is_generic (name, name_alias) 	if not added_generic_name_errs  and is_generic ('generic_names', name) then 		utilities.set_message ('err_generic_name', name_alias);					-- set an error message 		added_generic_name_errs = true; 	end end  --[[--------------------------< N A M E _ C H E C K S >--------------------------------------------------------  This function calls various name checking functions used to validate the content of the various name-holding parameters.  ]]  local function name_checks (last, first, list_name, last_alias, first_alias) 	local accept_name;  	if utilities.is_set (last) then 		last, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (last);				-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of <last>  		if not accept_name then													-- <last> not wrapped in accept-as-written markup 			name_has_mult_names (last, list_name);								-- check for multiple names in the parameter 			name_is_numeric (last, last_alias, list_name);						-- check for names that have no letters or are a mix of digits and other characters 			name_is_generic (last, last_alias);									-- check for names found in the generic names list 		end 	end  	if utilities.is_set (first) then 		first, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (first);			-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of <first>  		if not accept_name then													-- <first> not wrapped in accept-as-written markup 			name_has_mult_names (first, list_name, 0);							-- check for multiple names in the parameter; 0 is number of allowed commas in a given name 			name_is_numeric (first, first_alias, list_name);					-- check for names that have no letters or are a mix of digits and other characters 			name_is_generic (first, first_alias);								-- check for names found in the generic names list 		end 		local wl_type, D = utilities.is_wikilink (first); 		if 0 ~= wl_type then 			first = D; 			utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', first_alias); 		end 	end  	return last, first;															-- done end  --[[----------------------< E X T R A C T _ N A M E S >-------------------------  Gets name list from the input arguments  Searches through args in sequential order to find |lastn= and |firstn= parameters (or their aliases), and their matching link and mask parameters. Stops searching when both |lastn= and |firstn= are not found in args after two sequential attempts: found |last1=, |last2=, and |last3= but doesn't find |last4= and |last5= then the search is done.  This function emits an error message when there is a |firstn= without a matching |lastn=.  When there are 'holes' in the list of last names, |last1= and |last3= are present but |last2= is missing, an error message is emitted. |lastn= is not required to have a matching |firstn=.  When an author or editor parameter contains some form of 'et al.', the 'et al.' is stripped from the parameter and a flag (etal) returned that will cause list_people() to add the static 'et al.' text from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration.  This keeps 'et al.' out of the template's metadata.  When this occurs, an error is emitted.  ]]  local function extract_names(args, list_name) 	local names = {};															-- table of names 	local last;																	-- individual name components 	local first; 	local link; 	local mask; 	local i = 1;																-- loop counter/indexer 	local n = 1;																-- output table indexer 	local count = 0;															-- used to count the number of times we haven't found a |last= (or alias for authors, |editor-last or alias for editors) 	local etal = false;															-- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. in an author parameter  	local last_alias, first_alias, link_alias;									-- selected parameter aliases used in error messaging 	while true do 		last, last_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );		-- search through args for name components beginning at 1 		first, first_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ); 		link, link_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ); 		mask = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ); 	 		if last then															-- error check |lastn= alias for unknown interwiki link prefix; done here because this is where we have the parameter name 			local project, language = interwiki_prefixen_get (last, true);		-- true because we expect interwiki links in |lastn= to be wikilinked 			if nil == project and nil == language then							-- when both are nil 				utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', last_alias);		-- not known, emit an error message	-- TODO: err_bad_interwiki? 				last = utilities.remove_wiki_link (last);						-- remove wikilink markup; show display value only 			end 		end 		 		if link then															-- error check |linkn= alias for unknown interwiki link prefix 			local project, language = interwiki_prefixen_get (link, false);		-- false because wiki links in |author-linkn= is an error 			if nil == project and nil == language then							-- when both are nil 				utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', link_alias);		-- not known, emit an error message	-- TODO: err_bad_interwiki? 				link = nil;														-- unset so we don't link 				link_alias = nil; 			end 		end 		 		last, etal = name_has_etal (last, etal, false, last_alias);				-- find and remove variations on et al. 		first, etal = name_has_etal (first, etal, false, first_alias);			-- find and remove variations on et al. 		last, first = name_checks (last, first, list_name, last_alias, first_alias);						-- multiple names, extraneous annotation, etc. checks  		if first and not last then												-- if there is a firstn without a matching lastn 			local alias = first_alias:find ('given', 1, true) and 'given' or 'first';	-- get first or given form of the alias 			utilities.set_message ('err_first_missing_last', { 				first_alias,													-- param name of alias missing its mate 				first_alias:gsub (alias, {['first'] = 'last', ['given'] = 'surname'}),	-- make param name appropriate to the alias form 				});																-- add this error message 		elseif not first and not last then										-- if both firstn and lastn aren't found, are we done? 			count = count + 1;													-- number of times we haven't found last and first 			if 2 <= count then													-- two missing names and we give up 				break;															-- normal exit or there is a two-name hole in the list; can't tell which 			end 		else																	-- we have last with or without a first 			local result; 			link = link_title_ok (link, link_alias, last, last_alias);			-- check for improper wiki-markup  			if first then 				link = link_title_ok (link, link_alias, first, first_alias);	-- check for improper wiki-markup 			end  			names[n] = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate = false};	-- add this name to our names list (corporate for |vauthors= only) 			n = n + 1;															-- point to next location in the names table 			if 1 == count then													-- if the previous name was missing 				utilities.set_message ('err_missing_name', {list_name:match ("(%w+)List"):lower(), i - 1});	-- add this error message 			end 			count = 0;															-- reset the counter, we're looking for two consecutive missing names 		end 		i = i + 1;																-- point to next args location 	end 	 	return names, etal;															-- all done, return our list of names and the etal flag end  --[[--------------------------< N A M E _ T A G _ G E T >------------------------------------------------------  attempt to decode |language=<lang_param> and return language name and matching tag; nil else.  This function looks for: 	<lang_param> as a tag in cfg.lang_tag_remap{} 	<lang_param> as a name in cfg.lang_name_remap{} 	 	<lang_param> as a name in cfg.mw_languages_by_name_t 	<lang_param> as a tag in cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t when those fail, presume that <lang_param> is an IETF-like tag that MediaWiki does not recognize.  Strip all script, region, variant, whatever subtags from <lang_param> to leave just a two or three character language tag and look for the new <lang_param> in cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t{}  on success, returns name (in properly capitalized form) and matching tag (in lowercase); on failure returns nil  ]]  local function name_tag_get (lang_param) 	local lang_param_lc = mw.ustring.lower (lang_param);						-- use lowercase as an index into the various tables 	local name; 	local tag;  	name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[lang_param_lc];									-- assume <lang_param_lc> is a tag; attempt to get remapped language name  	if name then																-- when <name>, <lang_param> is a tag for a remapped language name 		if cfg.lang_name_remap[name:lower()][2] ~= lang_param_lc then 			utilities.set_message ('maint_unknown_lang');						-- add maint category if not already added 			return name, cfg.lang_name_remap[name:lower()][2];					-- so return name and tag from lang_name_remap[name]; special case to xlate sr-ec and sr-el to sr-cyrl and sr-latn 		end 		return name, lang_param_lc;												-- so return <name> from remap and <lang_param_lc> 	end  	tag = lang_param_lc:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*');								-- still assuming that <lang_param_lc> is a tag; strip script, region, variant subtags 	name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[tag];												-- attempt to get remapped language name with language subtag only 	if name then																-- when <name>, <tag> is a tag for a remapped language name 		return name, tag;														-- so return <name> from remap and <tag> 	end  	if cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc] then									-- not a remapped tag, assume <lang_param_lc> is a name; attempt to get remapped language tag  		return cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc][1], cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc][2];	-- for this <lang_param_lc>, return a (possibly) new name and appropriate tag 	end  	name = cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[lang_param_lc];							-- assume that <lang_param_lc> is a tag; attempt to get its matching language name 	 	if name then 		return name, lang_param_lc;												-- <lang_param_lc> is a tag so return it and <name> 	end 	 	tag = cfg.mw_languages_by_name_t[lang_param_lc];							-- assume that <lang_param_lc> is a language name; attempt to get its matching tag 	 	if tag then 		return cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag], tag;								-- <lang_param_lc> is a name so return the name from the table and <tag> 	end  	tag = lang_param_lc:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*');								-- is <lang_param_lc> an IETF-like tag that MediaWiki doesn't recognize? <tag> gets the language subtag; nil else  	if tag then 		name = cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag];									-- attempt to get a language name using the shortened <tag> 		if name then 			return name, tag;													-- <lang_param_lc> is an unrecognized IETF-like tag so return <name> and language subtag 		end 	end end  --[[-------------------< L A N G U A G E _ P A R A M E T E R >------------------  Gets language name from a provided two- or three-character ISO 639 code.  If a code is recognized by MediaWiki, use the returned name; if not, then use the value that was provided with the language parameter.  When |language= contains a recognized language (either code or name), the page is assigned to the category for that code: Category:Norwegian-language sources (no). For valid three-character code languages, the page is assigned to the single category for '639-2' codes: Category:CS1 ISO 639-2 language sources.  Languages that are the same as the local wiki are not categorized.  MediaWiki does not recognize three-character equivalents of two-character codes: code 'ar' is recognized but code 'ara' is not.  This function supports multiple languages in the form |language=nb, French, th where the language names or codes are separated from each other by commas with optional space characters.  ]]  local function language_parameter (lang) 	local tag;																	-- some form of IETF-like language tag; language subtag with optional region, sript, vatiant, etc subtags 	local lang_subtag;															-- ve populates |language= with mostly unecessary region subtags the MediaWiki does not recognize; this is the base language subtag 	local name;																	-- the language name 	local language_list = {};													-- table of language names to be rendered 	local names_t = {};															-- table made from the value assigned to |language=  	local this_wiki_name = mw.language.fetchLanguageName (cfg.this_wiki_code, cfg.this_wiki_code);	-- get this wiki's language name  	names_t = mw.text.split (lang, '%s*,%s*');									-- names should be a comma separated list  	for _, lang in ipairs (names_t) do											-- reuse lang here because we don't yet know if lang is a language name or a language tag 		name, tag = name_tag_get (lang);										-- attempt to get name/tag pair for <lang>; <name> has proper capitalization; <tag> is lowercase  		if utilities.is_set (tag) then 			lang_subtag = tag:gsub ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*', '%1');					-- for categorization, strip any IETF-like tags from language tag  			if cfg.this_wiki_code ~= lang_subtag then							-- when the language is not the same as this wiki's language 				if 2 == lang_subtag:len() then									-- and is a two-character tag 					utilities.add_prop_cat ('foreign-lang-source', {name, tag}, lang_subtag);		-- categorize it; tag appended to allow for multiple language categorization 				else															-- or is a recognized language (but has a three-character tag) 					utilities.add_prop_cat ('foreign-lang-source-2', {lang_subtag}, lang_subtag);			-- categorize it differently TODO: support multiple three-character tag categories per cs1|2 template? 				end 			elseif cfg.local_lang_cat_enable then								-- when the language and this wiki's language are the same and categorization is enabled 				utilities.add_prop_cat ('local-lang-source', {name, lang_subtag});		-- categorize it 			end 		else 			name = lang;														-- return whatever <lang> has so that we show something 			utilities.set_message ('maint_unknown_lang');						-- add maint category if not already added 		end 		 		table.insert (language_list, name); 		name = ;																-- so we can reuse it 	end   	name = utilities.make_sep_list (#language_list, language_list); 	if (1 == #language_list) and (lang_subtag == cfg.this_wiki_code) then		-- when only one language, find lang name in this wiki lang name; for |language=en-us, 'English' in 'American English' 		return ;																-- if one language and that language is this wiki's return an empty string (no annotation) 	end 	return (" " .. wrap_msg ('language', name));								-- otherwise wrap with '(in ...)' 	--[[ TODO: should only return blank or name rather than full list 	so we can clean up the bunched parenthetical elements Language, Type, Format 	]] end  --[[-----------------------< S E T _ C S _ S T Y L E >--------------------------  Gets the default CS style configuration for the given mode. Returns default separator and either postscript as passed in or the default. In CS1, the default postscript and separator are '.'. In CS2, the default postscript is the empty string and the default separator is ','.  ]]  local function set_cs_style (postscript, mode) 	if utilities.is_set(postscript) then 		-- emit a maintenance message if user postscript is the default cs1 postscript 		-- we catch the opposite case for cs2 in set_style 		if mode == 'cs1' and postscript == cfg.presentation['ps_' .. mode] then 			utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript'); 		end 	else 		postscript = cfg.presentation['ps_' .. mode]; 	end 	return cfg.presentation['sep_' .. mode], postscript; end  --[[--------------------------< S E T _ S T Y L E >-----------------------------  Sets the separator and postscript styles. Checks the |mode= first and the invoke CitationClass second. Removes the postscript if postscript == none.  ]]  local function set_style (mode, postscript, cite_class) 	local sep; 	if 'cs2' == mode then 		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs2'); 	elseif 'cs1' == mode then 		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs1'); 	elseif 'citation' == cite_class	then 		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs2'); 	else 		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs1'); 	end  	if cfg.keywords_xlate[postscript:lower()] == 'none' then 		-- emit a maintenance message if user postscript is the default cs2 postscript 		-- we catch the opposite case for cs1 in set_cs_style 		if 'cs2' == mode or ('cs1' ~= mode and 'citation' == cite_class) then	--  should not emit maint message 			utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript'); 		end 		postscript = ; 	end 	 	return sep, postscript end  --[=[-------------------------< I S _ P D F >-----------------------------------  Determines if a URL has the file extension that is one of the PDF file extensions used by MediaWiki:Common.css when applying the PDF icon to external links.  returns true if file extension is one of the recognized extensions, else false  ]=]  local function is_pdf (url) 	return url:match ('%.pdf$') or url:match ('%.PDF$') or 		url:match ('%.pdf[%?#]') or url:match ('%.PDF[%?#]') or 		url:match ('%.PDF&#035') or url:match ('%.pdf&#035'); end  --[[--------------------------< S T Y L E _ F O R M A T >-----------------------  Applies CSS style to |format=, |chapter-format=, etc.  Also emits an error message if the format parameter does not have a matching URL parameter.  If the format parameter is not set and the URL contains a file extension that is recognized as a PDF document by MediaWiki's commons.css, this code will set the format parameter to (PDF) with the appropriate styling.  ]]  local function style_format (format, url, fmt_param, url_param) 	if utilities.is_set (format) then 		format = utilities.wrap_style ('format', format);						-- add leading space, parentheses, resize 		if not utilities.is_set (url) then 			utilities.set_message ('err_format_missing_url', {fmt_param, url_param});	-- add an error message 		end 	elseif is_pdf (url) then													-- format is not set so if URL is a PDF file then 		format = utilities.wrap_style ('format', 'পিডিএফ');						-- set format to PDF 	else 		format = ;															-- empty string for concatenation 	end 	return format; end  --[[---------------------< G E T _ D I S P L A Y _ N A M E S >------------------  Returns a number that defines the number of names displayed for author and editor name lists and a Boolean flag to indicate when et al. should be appended to the name list.  When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is a number greater than or equal to zero, return the number and the previous state of the 'etal' flag (false by default but may have been set to true if the name list contains some variant of the text 'et al.').  When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is the keyword 'etal', return a number that is one greater than the number of authors in the list and set the 'etal' flag true. This will cause the list_people() to display all of the names in the name list followed by 'et al.'  In all other cases, returns nil and the previous state of the 'etal' flag.  inputs: 	max: A['DisplayAuthors'] or A['DisplayEditors'], etc; a number or some flavor of etal 	count: #a or #e 	list_name: 'authors' or 'editors' 	etal: author_etal or editor_etal  This function sets an error message when |display-xxxxors= value greater than or equal to number of names but not when <max> comes from  global settings.  When using global settings, <param> is set to the keyword 'cs1 config' which is used to supress the normal error.  Error is suppressed because it is to be expected that some citations in an article will have the same or fewer names that the limit specified in .  ]]  local function get_display_names (max, count, list_name, etal, param) 	if utilities.is_set (max) then 		if 'etal' == max:lower():gsub("[ '%.]", ) then						-- the :gsub() portion makes 'etal' from a variety of 'et al.' spellings and stylings 			max = count + 1;													-- number of authors + 1 so display all author name plus et al. 			etal = true;														-- overrides value set by extract_names() 		elseif max:match ('^%d+$') then											-- if is a string of numbers 			max = tonumber (max);												-- make it a number 			if (max >= count) and ('cs1 config' ~= param) then					-- error when local |display-xxxxors= value greater than or equal to number of names; not an error when using global setting 				utilities.set_message ('err_disp_name', {param, max});			-- add error message 				max = nil; 			end 		else																	-- not a valid keyword or number 			utilities.set_message ('err_disp_name', {param, max});				-- add error message 			max = nil;															-- unset; as if |display-xxxxors= had not been set 		end 	end 	 	return max, etal; end  --[[----------< E X T R A _ T E X T _ I N _ P A G E _ C H E C K >---------------  Adds error if |page=, |pages=, |quote-page=, |quote-pages= has what appears to be some form of p. or pp. abbreviation in the first characters of the parameter content.  check page for extraneous p, p., pp, pp., pg, pg. at start of parameter value: 	good pattern: '^P[^%.P%l]' matches when page begins PX or P# but not Px 		      where x and X are letters and # is a digit 	bad pattern:  '^[Pp][PpGg]' matches when page begins pp, pP, Pp, PP, pg, pG, Pg, PG  ]]  local function extra_text_in_page_check (val, name) 	if not val:match (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.good_ppattern) then 		for _, pattern in ipairs (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.bad_ppatterns) do		-- spin through the selected sequence table of patterns 			if val:match (pattern) then											-- when a match, error so 				utilities.set_message ('err_extra_text_pages', name);	 		-- add error message 				return;															-- and done 			end 		end 	end		 end  --[[--------------------------< E X T R A _ T E X T _ I N _ V O L _ I S S _ C H E C K >------------------------  Adds error if |volume= or |issue= has what appears to be some form of redundant 'type' indicator.  Applies to both; this function looks for issue text in both |issue= and |volume= and looks for volume-like text in |voluem= and |issue=.  For |volume=: 	'V.', or 'Vol.' (with or without the dot) abbreviations or 'Volume' in the first characters of the parameter 	content (all case insensitive). 'V' and 'v' (without the dot) are presumed to be roman numerals so 	are allowed.  For |issue=: 	'No.', 'I.', 'Iss.' (with or without the dot) abbreviations, or 'Issue' in the first characters of the 	parameter content (all case insensitive); numero styling: 'n°' with degree sign U+00B0, and № precomposed 	numero sign U+2116. 	 Single character values ('v', 'i', 'n') allowed when not followed by separator character ('.', ':', '=', or whitespace character) – param values are trimmed of whitespace by MediaWiki before delivered to the module. 	 <val> is |volume= or |issue= parameter value <name> is |volume= or |issue= parameter name for error message <selector> is 'v' for |volume=, 'i' for |issue=  sets error message on failure; returns nothing  ]]  local function extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (val, name, selector) 	if not utilities.is_set (val) then 		return; 	end 	 	local handler = 'v' == selector and 'err_extra_text_volume' or 'err_extra_text_issue'; 	val = val:lower();															-- force parameter value to lower case  	for _, pattern in ipairs (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.vi_patterns_t) do			-- spin through the sequence table of patterns 		if val:match (pattern) then												-- when a match, error so 			utilities.set_message (handler, name);								-- add error message 			return;																-- and done 		end 	end end  --[=[-------------------------< G E T _ V _ N A M E _ T A B L E >----------------------------------------------  split apart a |vauthors= or |veditors= parameter.  This function allows for corporate names, wrapped in doubled parentheses to also have commas; in the old version of the code, the doubled parentheses were included in the rendered citation and in the metadata.  Individual author names may be wikilinked  	|vauthors=Jones AB, White EB, ((Black, Brown, and Co.))  ]=]  local function get_v_name_table (vparam, output_table, output_link_table) 	local _, accept = utilities.has_accept_as_written (vparam); 	if accept then 		utilities.add_prop_cat ('vanc-accept');									-- add properties category 	end 	local name_table = mw.text.split(vparam, "%s*,%s*");						-- names are separated by commas 	local wl_type, label, link;													-- wl_type not used here; just a placeholder 	 	local i = 1; 	 	while name_table[i] do 		if name_table[i]:match ('^%(%(.*[^%)][^%)]$') then						-- first segment of corporate with one or more commas; this segment has the opening doubled parentheses 			local name = name_table[i]; 			i = i + 1;															-- bump indexer to next segment 			while name_table[i] do 				name = name .. ', ' .. name_table[i];							-- concatenate with previous segments 				if name_table[i]:match ('^.*%)%)$') then						-- if this table member has the closing doubled parentheses 					break;														-- and done reassembling so 				end 				i = i + 1;														-- bump indexer 			end 			table.insert (output_table, name);									-- and add corporate name to the output table 			table.insert (output_link_table, );								-- no wikilink 		else 			wl_type, label, link = utilities.is_wikilink (name_table[i]);		-- wl_type is: 0, no wl (text in label variable); 1, D; 2, D 			table.insert (output_table, label);									-- add this name 			if 1 == wl_type then 				table.insert (output_link_table, label);						-- simple wikilink D 			else 				table.insert (output_link_table, link);							-- no wikilink or D; add this link if there is one, else empty string 			end 		end 		i = i + 1; 	end	 	return output_table; end  --[[--------------------------< P A R S E _ V A U T H O R S _ V E D I T O R S >--------------------------------  This function extracts author / editor names from |vauthors= or |veditors= and finds matching |xxxxor-maskn= and |xxxxor-linkn= in args.  It then returns a table of assembled names just as extract_names() does.  Author / editor names in |vauthors= or |veditors= must be in Vancouver system style. Corporate or institutional names may sometimes be required and because such names will often fail the is_good_vanc_name() and other format compliance tests, are wrapped in doubled parentheses ((corporate name)) to suppress the format tests.  Supports generational suffixes Jr, 2nd, 3rd, 4th–6th.  This function sets the Vancouver error when a required comma is missing and when there is a space between an author's initials.  ]]  local function parse_vauthors_veditors (args, vparam, list_name) 	local names = {};															-- table of names assembled from |vauthors=, |author-maskn=, |author-linkn= 	local v_name_table = {}; 	local v_link_table = {};													-- when name is wikilinked, targets go in this table 	local etal = false;															-- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. vauthors parameter 	local last, first, link, mask, suffix; 	local corporate = false;  	vparam, etal = name_has_etal (vparam, etal, true);							-- find and remove variations on et al. do not categorize (do it here because et al. might have a period) 	v_name_table = get_v_name_table (vparam, v_name_table, v_link_table);		-- names are separated by commas  	for i, v_name in ipairs(v_name_table) do 		first = ;																-- set to empty string for concatenation and because it may have been set for previous author/editor 		local accept_name; 		v_name, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (v_name);			-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of <v_name>  		if accept_name then 			last = v_name; 			corporate = true;													-- flag used in list_people() 		elseif string.find(v_name, "%s") then 			if v_name:find('[;%.]') then										-- look for commonly occurring punctuation characters;  				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.punctuation, i); 			end 			local lastfirstTable = {} 			lastfirstTable = mw.text.split(v_name, "%s+") 			first = table.remove(lastfirstTable);								-- removes and returns value of last element in table which should be initials or generational suffix  			if not mw.ustring.match (first, '^%u+$') then						-- mw.ustring here so that later we will catch non-Latin characters 				suffix = first;													-- not initials so assume that whatever we got is a generational suffix 				first = table.remove(lastfirstTable);							-- get what should be the initials from the table 			end 			last = table.concat(lastfirstTable, ' ')							-- returns a string that is the concatenation of all other names that are not initials and generational suffix 			if not utilities.is_set (last) then 				first = ;														-- unset 				last = v_name;													-- last empty because something wrong with first 				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.name, i); 			end 			if mw.ustring.match (last, '%a+%s+%u+%s+%a+') then 				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl['missing comma'], i);			-- matches last II last; the case when a comma is missing 			end 			if mw.ustring.match (v_name, ' %u %u$') then						-- this test is in the wrong place TODO: move or replace with a more appropriate test 				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.initials, i);					-- matches a space between two initials 			end 		else 			last = v_name;														-- last name or single corporate name?  Doesn't support multiword corporate names? do we need this? 		end 		 		if utilities.is_set (first) then 			if not mw.ustring.match (first, "^%u?%u$") then						-- first shall contain one or two upper-case letters, nothing else 				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.initials, i);					-- too many initials; mixed case initials (which may be ok Romanization); hyphenated initials 			end 			is_good_vanc_name (last, first, suffix, i);							-- check first and last before restoring the suffix which may have a non-Latin digit 			if utilities.is_set (suffix) then 				first = first .. ' ' .. suffix;									-- if there was a suffix concatenate with the initials 				suffix = ;													-- unset so we don't add this suffix to all subsequent names 			end 		else 			if not corporate then 				is_good_vanc_name (last, , nil, i); 			end 		end  		link = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ) or v_link_table[i]; 		mask = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ); 		names[i] = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate = corporate};		-- add this assembled name to our names list 	end 	return names, etal;															-- all done, return our list of names end  --[[--------------------------< S E L E C T _ A U T H O R _ E D I T O R _ S O U R C E >------------------------  Select one of |authors=, |authorn= / |lastn / firstn=, or |vauthors= as the source of the author name list or select one of |editorn= / editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= or |veditors= as the source of the editor name list.  Only one of these appropriate three will be used.  The hierarchy is: |authorn= (and aliases) highest and |authors= lowest; |editorn= (and aliases) highest and |veditors= lowest (support for |editors= withdrawn)  When looking for |authorn= / |editorn= parameters, test |xxxxor1= and |xxxxor2= (and all of their aliases); stops after the second test which mimicks the test used in extract_names() when looking for a hole in the author name list.  There may be a better way to do this, I just haven't discovered what that way is.  Emits an error message when more than one xxxxor name source is provided.  In this function, vxxxxors = vauthors or veditors; xxxxors = authors as appropriate.  ]]  local function select_author_editor_source (vxxxxors, xxxxors, args, list_name) 	local lastfirst = false; 	if utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'none', 1 ) or		-- do this twice in case we have a |first1= without a |last1=; this ... 		utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'none', 1 ) or		-- ... also catches the case where |first= is used with |vauthors= 		utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'none', 2 ) or 		utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'none', 2 ) then 			lastfirst = true; 	end  	if (utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) and true == lastfirst) or					-- these are the three error conditions 		(utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) and utilities.is_set (xxxxors)) or 		(true == lastfirst and utilities.is_set (xxxxors)) then 			local err_name; 			if 'AuthorList' == list_name then									-- figure out which name should be used in error message 				err_name = 'author'; 			else 				err_name = 'editor'; 			end 			utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', err_name .. '-name-list parameters');	-- add error message 	end  	if true == lastfirst then return 1 end;										-- return a number indicating which author name source to use 	if utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) then return 2 end; 	if utilities.is_set (xxxxors) then return 3 end; 	return 1;																	-- no authors so return 1; this allows missing author name test to run in case there is a first without last  end  --[[--------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ P A R A M E T E R _ V A L U E >------------------------------  This function is used to validate a parameter's assigned value for those parameters that have only a limited number of allowable values (yes, y, true, live, dead, etc.).  When the parameter value has not been assigned a value (missing or empty in the source template) the function returns the value specified by ret_val.  If the parameter value is one of the list of allowed values returns the translated value; else, emits an error message and returns the value specified by ret_val.  TODO: explain <invert>  ]]  local function is_valid_parameter_value (value, name, possible, ret_val, invert) 	if not utilities.is_set (value) then 		return ret_val;															-- an empty parameter is ok 	end  	if (not invert and utilities.in_array (value, possible)) then				-- normal; <value> is in <possible> table 		return cfg.keywords_xlate[value];										-- return translation of parameter keyword 	elseif invert and not utilities.in_array (value, possible) then				-- invert; <value> is not in <possible> table 		return value;															-- return <value> as it is 	else 		utilities.set_message ('err_invalid_param_val', {name, value});			-- not an allowed value so add error message 		return ret_val; 	end end  --[[--------------------------< T E R M I N A T E _ N A M E _ L I S T >----------------------------------------  This function terminates a name list (author, contributor, editor) with a separator character (sepc) and a space when the last character is not a sepc character or when the last three characters are not sepc followed by two closing square brackets (close of a wikilink).  When either of these is true, the name_list is terminated with a single space character.  ]]  local function terminate_name_list (name_list, sepc) 	if (string.sub (name_list, -3, -1) == sepc .. '. ') then					-- if already properly terminated 		return name_list;														-- just return the name list 	elseif (string.sub (name_list, -1, -1) == sepc) or (string.sub (name_list, -3, -1) == sepc .. ']]') then	-- if last name in list ends with sepc char 		return name_list .. " ";												-- don't add another 	else 		return name_list .. sepc .. ' ';										-- otherwise terminate the name list 	end end  --[[-------------------------< F O R M A T _ V O L U M E _ I S S U E >-----------------------------------------  returns the concatenation of the formatted volume and issue (or journal article number) parameters as a single string; or formatted volume or formatted issue, or an empty string if neither are set.  ]] 	 local function format_volume_issue (volume, issue, article, cite_class, origin, sepc, lower) 	if not utilities.is_set (volume) and not utilities.is_set (issue) and not utilities.is_set (article) then 		return ; 	end  	-- same condition as in format_pages_sheets() 	local is_journal = 'journal' == cite_class or (utilities.in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map', 'interview'}) and 'journal' == origin);  	local is_numeric_vol = volume and (volume:match ('^[MDCLXVI]+$') or volume:match ('^%d+$'));	-- is only uppercase roman numerals or only digits? 	local is_long_vol = volume and (4 < mw.ustring.len(volume));				-- is |volume= value longer than 4 characters? 	 	if volume and (not is_numeric_vol and is_long_vol) then						-- when not all digits or Roman numerals, is |volume= longer than 4 characters? 		utilities.add_prop_cat ('long-vol');									-- yes, add properties cat 	end  	if is_journal then															-- journal-style formatting 		local vol = ;  		if utilities.is_set (volume) then 			if is_numeric_vol then												-- |volume= value all digits or all uppercase Roman numerals? 				vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['vol-bold'], {sepc, volume});	-- render in bold face 			elseif is_long_vol then												-- not all digits or Roman numerals; longer than 4 characters? 				vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-vol'], {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)});	-- not bold 			else																-- four or fewer characters 				vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['vol-bold'], {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)});	-- bold 			end 		end 		vol = vol .. (utilities.is_set (issue) and utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-issue'], issue) or ) 		vol = vol .. (utilities.is_set (article) and utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-article-num'], article) or ) 		return vol; 	end 	 	if 'podcast' == cite_class and utilities.is_set (issue) then 		return wrap_msg ('issue', {sepc, issue}, lower); 	end 	 	if 'conference' == cite_class and utilities.is_set (article) then			-- |article-number= supported only in journal and conference cites 		if utilities.is_set (volume) and utilities.is_set (article) then		-- both volume and article number 			return wrap_msg ('vol-art', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume), article}, lower); 		elseif utilities.is_set (article) then									-- article number alone; when volume alone, handled below 			return wrap_msg ('art', {sepc, article}, lower); 		end 	end  	-- all other types of citation 	if utilities.is_set (volume) and utilities.is_set (issue) then 		return wrap_msg ('vol-no', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume), issue}, lower); 	elseif utilities.is_set (volume) then 		return wrap_msg ('vol', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)}, lower); 	else 		return wrap_msg ('issue', {sepc, issue}, lower); 	end end  --[[-------------------------< F O R M A T _ P A G E S _ S H E E T S >-----------------------------------------  adds static text to one of |page(s)= or |sheet(s)= values and returns it with all of the others set to empty strings. The return order is: 	page, pages, sheet, sheets  Singular has priority over plural when both are provided.  ]]  local function format_pages_sheets (page, pages, sheet, sheets, cite_class, origin, sepc, nopp, lower) 	if 'map' == cite_class then													-- only cite map supports sheet(s) as in-source locators 		if utilities.is_set (sheet) then 			if 'journal' == origin then 				return , , wrap_msg ('j-sheet', sheet, lower), ; 			else 				return , , wrap_msg ('sheet', {sepc, sheet}, lower), ; 			end 		elseif utilities.is_set (sheets) then 			if 'journal' == origin then 				return , , , wrap_msg ('j-sheets', sheets, lower); 			else 				return , , , wrap_msg ('sheets', {sepc, sheets}, lower); 			end 		end 	end  	local is_journal = 'journal' == cite_class or (utilities.in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map', 'interview'}) and 'journal' == origin); 	 	if utilities.is_set (page) then 		if is_journal then 			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-page(s)'], page), , , ; 		elseif not nopp then 			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, page}), , , ; 		else 			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, page}), , , ; 		end 	elseif utilities.is_set (pages) then 		if is_journal then 			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-page(s)'], pages), , , ; 		elseif tonumber(pages) ~= nil and not nopp then							-- if pages is only digits, assume a single page number 			return , utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, pages}), , ; 		elseif not nopp then 			return , utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['pp-prefix'], {sepc, pages}), , ; 		else 			return , utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, pages}), , ; 		end 	end 	 	return , , , ;														-- return empty strings end  --[[--------------------------< I N S O U R C E _ L O C _ G E T >----------------------------------------------  returns one of the in-source locators: page, pages, or at.   If any of these are interwiki links to Wikisource, returns the label portion of the interwiki-link as plain text for use in COinS.  This COinS thing is done because here we convert an interwiki-link to an external link and add an icon span around that; get_coins_pages() doesn't know about the span.  TODO: should it?    TODO: add support for sheet and sheets?; streamline;  TODO: make it so that this function returns only one of the three as the single in-source (the return value assigned to a new name)?  ]]  local function insource_loc_get (page, page_orig, pages, pages_orig, at) 	local ws_url, ws_label, coins_pages, L;										-- for Wikisource interwiki-links; TODO: this corrupts page metadata (span remains in place after cleanup; fix there?)  	if utilities.is_set (page) then 		if utilities.is_set (pages) or utilities.is_set (at) then 			pages = ;															-- unset the others 			at = ; 		end 		extra_text_in_page_check (page, page_orig);								-- emit error message when |page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc.  		ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (page);						-- make ws URL from |page= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label 		if ws_url then 			page = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. ' ', 'ws link in page');	-- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this? 			page = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, page}); 			coins_pages = ws_label; 		end 	elseif utilities.is_set (pages) then 		if utilities.is_set (at) then 			at = ;															-- unset 		end 		extra_text_in_page_check (pages, pages_orig);							-- emit error message when |page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc.  		ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (pages);						-- make ws URL from |pages= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label 		if ws_url then 			pages = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. ' ', 'ws link in pages');	-- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this? 			pages = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, pages}); 			coins_pages = ws_label; 		end 	elseif utilities.is_set (at) then 		ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (at);							-- make ws URL from |at= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label 		if ws_url then 			at = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. ' ', 'ws link in at');	-- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this? 			at = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, at}); 			coins_pages = ws_label; 		end 	end 	 	return page, pages, at, coins_pages; end  --[[--------------------------< I S _ U N I Q U E _ A R C H I V E _ U R L >------------------------------------  add error message when |archive-url= value is same as |url= or chapter-url= (or alias...) value  ]]  local function is_unique_archive_url (archive, url, c_url, source, date) 	if utilities.is_set (archive) then 		if archive == url or archive == c_url then 			utilities.set_message ('err_bad_url', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)});	-- add error message 			return , ;														-- unset |archive-url= and |archive-date= because same as |url= or |chapter-url= 		end 	end  	return archive, date; end  --[=[-------------------------< A R C H I V E _ U R L _ C H E C K >--------------------------------------------  Check archive.org URLs to make sure they at least look like they are pointing at valid archives and not to the  save snapshot URL or to calendar pages.  When the archive URL is 'https://web.archive.org/save/' (or http://...) archive.org saves a snapshot of the target page in the URL.  That is something that Wikipedia should not allow unwitting readers to do.  When the archive.org URL does not have a complete timestamp, archive.org chooses a snapshot according to its own algorithm or provides a calendar 'search' result.  WP:ELNO discourages links to search results.  This function looks at the value assigned to |archive-url= and returns empty strings for |archive-url= and |archive-date= and an error message when: 	|archive-url= holds an archive.org save command URL 	|archive-url= is an archive.org URL that does not have a complete timestamp (YYYYMMDDhhmmss 14 digits) in the 		correct place otherwise returns |archive-url= and |archive-date=  There are two mostly compatible archive.org URLs: 	//web.archive.org/<timestamp>...		-- the old form 	//web.archive.org/web/<timestamp>...	-- the new form  The old form does not support or map to the new form when it contains a display flag.  There are four identified flags ('id_', 'js_', 'cs_', 'im_') but since archive.org ignores others following the same form (two letters and an underscore) we don't check for these specific flags but we do check the form.  This function supports a preview mode.  When the article is rendered in preview mode, this function may return a modified archive URL: 	for save command errors, return undated wildcard (/*/) 	for timestamp errors when the timestamp has a wildcard, return the URL unmodified 	for timestamp errors when the timestamp does not have a wildcard, return with timestamp limited to six digits plus wildcard (/yyyymm*/)  A secondary function is to return an archive-url timestamp from those urls that have them (archive.org and archive.today).  The timestamp is used by validation.archive_date_check() to see if the value in |archive-date= matches the timestamp in the archive url.  ]=]  local function archive_url_check (url, date) 	local err_msg = ;															-- start with the error message empty 	local path, timestamp, flag;												-- portions of the archive.org URL 	 	timestamp = url:match ('//archive.today/(%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d)/') or	-- get timestamp from archive.today urls 		url:match ('//archive.today/(%d%d%d%d%.%d%d%.%d%d%-%d%d%d%d%d%d)/');		-- this timestamp needs cleanup 	if timestamp then															-- if this was an archive.today url ... 		return url, date, timestamp:gsub ('[%.%-]', );						-- return ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, and timestamp (dots and dashes removed) from |archive-url=, and done 	end 																				-- here for archive.org urls 	if (not url:match('//web%.archive%.org/')) and (not url:match('//liveweb%.archive%.org/')) then		-- also deprecated liveweb Wayback machine URL 		return url, date;														-- not an archive.org archive, return ArchiveURL and ArchiveDate 	end  	if url:match('//web%.archive%.org/save/') then								-- if a save command URL, we don't want to allow saving of the target page  		err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.save; 		url = url:gsub ('(//web%.archive%.org)/save/', '%1/*/', 1);				-- for preview mode: modify ArchiveURL 	elseif url:match('//liveweb%.archive%.org/') then 		err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.liveweb; 	else 		path, timestamp, flag = url:match('//web%.archive%.org/([^%d]*)(%d+)([^/]*)/');	-- split out some of the URL parts for evaluation 		if not path then														-- malformed in some way; pattern did not match 			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp; 		elseif 14 ~= timestamp:len() then										-- path and flag optional, must have 14-digit timestamp here 			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp; 			if '*' ~= flag then 				local replacement = timestamp:match ('^%d%d%d%d%d%d') or timestamp:match ('^%d%d%d%d');	-- get the first 6 (YYYYMM) or first 4 digits (YYYY) 				if replacement then												-- nil if there aren't at least 4 digits (year) 					replacement = replacement .. string.rep ('0', 14 - replacement:len());	-- year or yearmo (4 or 6 digits) zero-fill to make 14-digit timestamp 					url=url:gsub ('(//web%.archive%.org/[^%d]*)%d[^/]*', '%1' .. replacement .. '*', 1)	-- for preview, modify ts to 14 digits plus splat for calendar display 				end 			end 		elseif utilities.is_set (path) and 'web/' ~= path then					-- older archive URLs do not have the extra 'web/' path element 			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.path; 		elseif utilities.is_set (flag) and not utilities.is_set (path) then		-- flag not allowed with the old form URL (without the 'web/' path element) 			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.flag; 		elseif utilities.is_set (flag) and not flag:match ('%a%a_') then		-- flag if present must be two alpha characters and underscore (requires 'web/' path element) 			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.flag; 		else 			return url, date, timestamp;										-- return ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, and timestamp from |archive-url= 		end 	end 																				-- if here, something not right so 	utilities.set_message ('err_archive_url', {err_msg});						-- add error message and  	if is_preview_mode then 		return url, date, timestamp;											-- preview mode so return ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, and timestamp from |archive-url= 	else 		return , ;															-- return empty strings for ArchiveURL and ArchiveDate 	end end  --[[--------------------------< P L A C E _ C H E C K >--------------------------------------------------------  check |place=, |publication-place=, |location= to see if these params include digits.  This function added because many editors misuse location to specify the in-source location (|page(s)= and |at= are supposed to do that)  returns the original parameter value without modification; added maint cat when parameter value contains digits  ]]  local function place_check (param_val) 	if not utilities.is_set (param_val) then									-- parameter empty or omitted 		return param_val;														-- return that empty state 	end 	 	if mw.ustring.find (param_val, '%d') then									-- not empty, are there digits in the parameter value 		utilities.set_message ('maint_location');								-- yep, add maint cat 	end 	 	return param_val;															-- and done end  --[[--------------------------< I S _ A R C H I V E D _ C O P Y >----------------------------------------------  compares |title= to 'Archived copy' (placeholder added by bots that can't find proper title); if matches, return true; nil else  ]]  local function is_archived_copy (title) 	title = mw.ustring.lower(title);											-- switch title to lower case 	if title:find (cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy.en) then			-- if title is 'Archived copy' 		return true; 	elseif cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy['local'] then 		if mw.ustring.find (title, cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy['local']) then	-- mw.ustring() because might not be Latin script 			return true; 		end 	end end  --[[--------------------------< D I S P L A Y _ N A M E S _ S E L E C T >--------------------------------------  for any of the |display-authors=, |display-editors=, etc parameters, select either the local or global setting. When both are present, look at <local_display_names> value.  When the value is some sort of 'et al.'string, special handling is required.  When  has |display-<namelist>= AND this template has |display-<namelist>=etal AND: 	the number of names specified by <number_of_names> is: 		greater than the number specified in the global |display-<namelist>= parameter (<global_display_names>) 			use global |display-<namelist>= parameter value 			set overridden maint category 		less than or equal to the number specified in the global |display-<namelist>=  parameter 			use local |display-<namelist>= parameter value  The purpose of this function is to prevent categorizing a template that has fewer names than the global setting to keep the etal annotation specified by <local_display_names>.  ]]  local function display_names_select (global_display_names, local_display_names, param_name, number_of_names, test) 	if global_display_names and utilities.is_set (local_display_names) then		-- when both 		if 'etal' == local_display_names:lower():gsub("[ '%.]", ) then		-- the :gsub() portion makes 'etal' from a variety of 'et al.' spellings and stylings 			number_of_names = tonumber (number_of_names);						-- convert these to numbers for comparison 			local global_display_names_num = tonumber (global_display_names);	-- <global_display_names> not set when parameter value is not digits  			if number_of_names > global_display_names_num then					-- template has more names than global config allows to be displayed? 				utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting');				-- set a maint message because global is overriding local |display-<namelist>=etal 				return global_display_names, 'cs1 config';						-- return global with spoof parameter name (for get_display_names()) 			else 				return local_display_names, param_name;							-- return local because fewer names so let <local_display_names> control 			end 		end 																				-- here when <global_display_names> and <local_display_names> both numbers; <global_display_names> controls 		utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting');						-- set a maint message 		return global_display_names, 'cs1 config';								-- return global with spoof parameter name (for get_display_names()) 	end 																				-- here when only one of <global_display_names> or <local_display_names> set 	if global_display_names then 		return global_display_names, 'cs1 config';								-- return global with spoof parameter name (for get_display_names()) 	else 		return local_display_names, param_name;									-- return local 	end end  --[[--------------------------< M O D E _ S E T >--------------------------------------------------------------  fetch global mode setting from  (if present) or from |mode= (if present); global setting overrides local |mode= parameter value.  When both are present, emit maintenance message  ]]  local function mode_set (Mode, Mode_origin) 	local mode; 	if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'] then										-- global setting in ; nil when empty or assigned value invalid 		mode = is_valid_parameter_value (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'], 'cs1 config: mode', cfg.keywords_lists['mode'], );	-- error messaging 'param' here is a hoax 	else 		mode = is_valid_parameter_value (Mode, Mode_origin, cfg.keywords_lists['mode'], ); 	end  	if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'] and utilities.is_set (Mode) then			-- when template has |mode=<something> which global setting has overridden 		utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting');						-- set a maint message 	end 	return mode; end  --[[--------------------------< Q U O T E _ M A K E >----------------------------------------------------------  create quotation from |quote=, |trans-quote=, and/or script-quote= with or without |quote-page= or |quote-pages=  when any of those three quote parameters are set, this function unsets <PostScript>.  When none of those parameters are set, |quote-page= and |quote-pages= are unset to nil so that they are not included in the template's metadata  ]]  local function quote_make (quote, trans_quote, script_quote, quote_page, quote_pages, nopp, sepc, postscript) 	if utilities.is_set (quote) or utilities.is_set (trans_quote) or utilities.is_set (script_quote) then  		if utilities.is_set (quote) then 			if quote:sub(1, 1) == '"' and quote:sub(-1, -1) == '"' then			-- if first and last characters of quote are quote marks 				quote = quote:sub(2, -2);										-- strip them off 			end 		end 		 		quote = kern_quotes (quote);											-- kern if needed 		quote = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-text', quote );					-- wrap in ... tags 	 		if utilities.is_set (script_quote) then 			quote = script_concatenate (quote, script_quote, 'script-quote');	-- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after quote is wrapped 		end  		if utilities.is_set (trans_quote) then 			if trans_quote:sub(1, 1) == '"' and trans_quote:sub(-1, -1) == '"' then -- if first and last characters of |trans-quote are quote marks 				trans_quote = trans_quote:sub(2, -2); -- strip them off 			end 			quote = quote .. " " .. utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', trans_quote ); 		end  		if utilities.is_set (quote_page) or utilities.is_set (quote_pages) then	-- add page prefix 			local quote_prefix = ; 			if utilities.is_set (quote_page) then 				extra_text_in_page_check (quote_page, 'quote-page');			-- add to maint cat if |quote-page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc. 				if not nopp then 					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, quote_page}), , , ; 				else 					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, quote_page}), , , ; 				end 			elseif utilities.is_set (quote_pages) then 				extra_text_in_page_check (quote_pages, 'quote-pages');			-- add to maint cat if |quote-pages= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc. 				if tonumber(quote_pages) ~= nil and not nopp then				-- if only digits, assume single page 					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, quote_pages}), , ; 				elseif not nopp then 					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['pp-prefix'], {sepc, quote_pages}), , ; 				else 					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, quote_pages}), , ; 				end 			end                          			quote = quote_prefix .. ": " .. quote; 		else 			quote = sepc .. " " .. quote; 		end  		postscript = "";														-- cs1|2 does not supply terminal punctuation when |quote= is set 	 	elseif utilities.is_set (quote_page) or utilities.is_set (quote_pages) then 		quote_page = nil;														-- unset; these require |quote=; TODO: error message? 		quote_pages = nil; 	end  	return quote, quote_page, quote_pages, postscript; end  --[[--------------------------< C H E C K _ P U B L I S H E R _ N A M E >--------------------------------------  look for variations of '<text>: <text>' that might be '<location>: <publisher>' in |publisher= parameter value. when found, emit a maintenance message; return nil else  <publisher> is the value assigned to |publisher= or |institution=  ]]  local function check_publisher_name (publisher) 	local patterns_t = { 		'^[%w%s]+%s*:%s*[%w%s]+$',												-- plain text <location>: <publisher> 		'^%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+%s*:%s*[%w%s]+$',										-- partially wikilinked [[<location>]]: <publisher> 		'^[%w%s]+%s*:%s*%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+$',										-- partially wikilinked <location>: [[<publisher>]] 		'^%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+%s*:%s*%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+$',								-- wikilinked [[<location>]]: [[<publisher>]] 		} 	 	for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns_t) do									-- spin through the patterns_t sequence 		if mw.ustring.match (publisher, pattern) then							-- does this pattern match? 			utilities.set_message ('maint_publisher_location');					-- set a maint message 			return;																-- and done 		end 	end end  --[[--------------------------< C I T A T I O N 0 >------------------------------------------------------------  This is the main function doing the majority of the citation formatting.  ]]  local function citation0( config, args ) 	--[[  	Load Input Parameters 	The argument_wrapper facilitates the mapping of multiple aliases to single internal variable. 	]] 	local A = argument_wrapper ( args ); 	local i   	-- Pick out the relevant fields from the arguments.  Different citation templates 	-- define different field names for the same underlying things.	  	local author_etal; 	local a	= {};																-- authors list from |lastn= / |firstn= pairs or |vauthors= 	local Authors; 	local NameListStyle; 		if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'] then						-- global setting in  overrides local |name-list-style= parameter value; nil when empty or assigned value invalid 			NameListStyle = is_valid_parameter_value (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'], 'cs1 config: name-list-style', cfg.keywords_lists['name-list-style'], );	-- error messaging 'param' here is a hoax 		else 			NameListStyle = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NameListStyle'], A:ORIGIN('NameListStyle'), cfg.keywords_lists['name-list-style'], ); 		end  		if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'] and utilities.is_set (A['NameListStyle']) then	-- when template has |name-list-style=<something> which global setting has overridden 			utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting');					-- set a maint message 		end  	local Collaboration = A['Collaboration'];  	do																			-- to limit scope of selected 		local selected = select_author_editor_source (A['Vauthors'], A['Authors'], args, 'AuthorList'); 		if 1 == selected then 			a, author_etal = extract_names (args, 'AuthorList');				-- fetch author list from |authorn= / |lastn= / |firstn=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn= 		elseif 2 == selected then 			NameListStyle = 'vanc';												-- override whatever |name-list-style= might be 			a, author_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, A['Vauthors'], 'AuthorList');	-- fetch author list from |vauthors=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn= 		elseif 3 == selected then 			Authors = A['Authors'];												-- use content of |people= or |credits=; |authors= is deprecated; TODO: constrain |people= and |credits= to cite av media, episode, serial? 		end 		if utilities.is_set (Collaboration) then 			author_etal = true;													-- so that |display-authors=etal not required 		end 	end  	local editor_etal; 	local e	= {};																-- editors list from |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= pairs or |veditors=  	do																			-- to limit scope of selected 		local selected = select_author_editor_source (A['Veditors'], nil, args, 'EditorList');	-- support for |editors= withdrawn 		if 1 == selected then 			e, editor_etal = extract_names (args, 'EditorList');				-- fetch editor list from |editorn= / |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn= 		elseif 2 == selected then 			NameListStyle = 'vanc';												-- override whatever |name-list-style= might be 			e, editor_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, args.veditors, 'EditorList');	-- fetch editor list from |veditors=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn= 		end 	end 							 	local Chapter = A['Chapter'];												-- done here so that we have access to |contribution= from |chapter= aliases 	local Chapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('Chapter'); 	local Contribution;															-- because contribution is required for contributor(s) 		if 'contribution' == Chapter_origin then 			Contribution = Chapter;												-- get the name of the contribution 		end 	local c = {};																-- contributors list from |contributor-lastn= / contributor-firstn= pairs 	 	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {"book", "citation"}) and not utilities.is_set (A['Periodical']) then	-- |contributor= and |contribution= only supported in book cites 		c = extract_names (args, 'ContributorList');							-- fetch contributor list from |contributorn= / |contributor-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn= 		 		if 0 < #c then 			if not utilities.is_set (Contribution) then							-- |contributor= requires |contribution= 				utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_missing_required_param', 'contribution');	-- add missing contribution error message 				c = {};															-- blank the contributors' table; it is used as a flag later 			end 			if 0 == #a then														-- |contributor= requires |author= 				utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_missing_required_param', 'author');	-- add missing author error message 				c = {};															-- blank the contributors' table; it is used as a flag later 			end 		end 	else																		-- if not a book cite 		if utilities.select_one (args, cfg.aliases['ContributorList-Last'], 'err_redundant_parameters', 1 ) then	-- are there contributor name list parameters? 			utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_ignored');					-- add contributor ignored error message 		end 		Contribution = nil;														-- unset 	end  	local Title = A['Title']; 	local TitleLink = A['TitleLink'];  	local auto_select = ;														-- default is auto 	local accept_link; 	TitleLink, accept_link = utilities.has_accept_as_written (TitleLink, true);	-- test for accept-this-as-written markup 	if (not accept_link) and utilities.in_array (TitleLink, {'none', 'pmc', 'doi'}) then -- check for special keywords 		auto_select = TitleLink;												-- remember selection for later 		TitleLink = ;															-- treat as if |title-link= would have been empty 	end  	TitleLink = link_title_ok (TitleLink, A:ORIGIN ('TitleLink'), Title, 'title');	-- check for wiki-markup in |title-link= or wiki-markup in |title= when |title-link= is set  	local Section = ;															--  only; preset to empty string for concatenation if not used 	if 'map' == config.CitationClass and 'section' == Chapter_origin then 		Section = A['Chapter'];													-- get |section= from |chapter= alias list; |chapter= and the other aliases not supported in  		Chapter = ;															-- unset for now; will be reset later from |map= if present 	end  	local Periodical = A['Periodical']; 	local Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('Periodical'); 	local ScriptPeriodical = A['ScriptPeriodical']; 	local ScriptPeriodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptPeriodical'); 	local TransPeriodical =  A['TransPeriodical']; 	local TransPeriodical_origin =  A:ORIGIN ('TransPeriodical'); 	 	if (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'book', 'encyclopaedia'}) and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) or utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical))) then 		local param; 		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then									-- get a parameter name from one of these periodical related meta-parameters 			Periodical = ;													-- unset because not valid  or  parameters  			param = Periodical_origin											-- get parameter name for error messaging 		elseif utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical) then 			TransPeriodical = ;												-- unset because not valid  or  parameters  			param = TransPeriodical_origin;										-- get parameter name for error messaging 		elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) then 			ScriptPeriodical = ;												-- unset because not valid  or  parameters  			param = ScriptPeriodical_origin;									-- get parameter name for error messaging 		end  		if utilities.is_set (param) then										-- if we found one 			utilities.set_message ('err_periodical_ignored', {param}); -- emit an error message 		end 	end  	if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then 		local i; 		Periodical, i = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (Periodical);			-- strip apostrophe markup so that metadata isn't contaminated  		if i then																-- non-zero when markup was stripped so emit an error message 			utilities.set_message ('err_apostrophe_markup', {Periodical_origin}); 		end 	end  	if 'mailinglist' == config.CitationClass then								-- special case for  		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.is_set (A ['MailingList']) then	-- both set emit an error TODO: make a function for this and similar? 			utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', Periodical_origin) .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'mailinglist')}); 		end  		Periodical = A ['MailingList'];											-- error or no, set Periodical to |mailinglist= value because this template is  		Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('MailingList'); 	end  	-- web and news not tested for now because of  	-- Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard#Is_there_a_semi-automated_tool_that_could_fix_these_annoying_"Cite_Web"_errors? 	if not (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) then	-- 'periodical' templates require periodical parameter 	--	local p = {['journal'] = 'journal', ['magazine'] = 'magazine', ['news'] = 'newspaper', ['web'] = 'website'};	-- for error message 		local p = {['journal'] = 'journal', ['magazine'] = 'magazine'};			-- for error message 		if p[config.CitationClass]  then 			utilities.set_message ('err_missing_periodical', {config.CitationClass, p[config.CitationClass]}); 		end 	end 	 	local Volume; 	if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then 		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then 			if not utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, cfg.citation_no_volume_t) then	--  does not render |volume= when these parameters are used 				Volume = bn(A['Volume']);											-- but does for all other 'periodicals' 			end 		elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) then 			if 'script-website' ~= ScriptPeriodical_origin then					--  does not render volume for |script-website= 				Volume = bn(A['Volume']);											-- but does for all other 'periodicals' 			end 		else 			Volume = bn(A['Volume']);												-- and does for non-'periodical' cites 		end 	elseif utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_volume) then	-- render |volume= for cs1 according to the configuration settings 		Volume = bn(A['Volume']); 	end	 	extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (Volume, A:ORIGIN ('Volume'), 'v');	  	local Issue; 	if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then 		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, cfg.citation_issue_t) then	--  may render |issue= when these parameters are used 			Issue = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['Issue']); 		end 	elseif utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_issue) then	-- conference & map books do not support issue;  listed here because included in settings table 		if not (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'conference', 'map', 'citation'}) and not (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical))) then 			Issue = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['Issue']); 		end 	end 	 	local ArticleNumber;  	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'journal', 'conference'}) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Periodical) and 'journal' == Periodical_origin) then 		ArticleNumber = A['ArticleNumber']; 	end  	extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (Issue, A:ORIGIN ('Issue'), 'i');	  	local Page; 	local Pages; 	local At; 	local QuotePage; 	local QuotePages; 	if not utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_not_using_page) then		-- TODO: rewrite to emit ignored parameter error message? 		Page = bn(A['Page']) 		Pages =  utilities.hyphen_to_dash (bn(A['Pages']));	 		At = A['At']; 		QuotePage = A['QuotePage']; 		QuotePages = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['QuotePages']); 	end  	local NoPP = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NoPP'], A:ORIGIN('NoPP'), cfg.keywords_lists['yes_true_y'], nil);  	local Mode = mode_set (A['Mode'], A:ORIGIN('Mode'));  	-- separator character and postscript 	local sepc, PostScript = set_style (Mode:lower(), A['PostScript'], config.CitationClass); 	local Quote; 	Quote, QuotePage, QuotePages, PostScript = quote_make (A['Quote'], A['TransQuote'], A['ScriptQuote'], QuotePage, QuotePages, NoPP, sepc, PostScript);  	local Edition = A['Edition']; 	local PublicationPlace = place_check (A['PublicationPlace'], A:ORIGIN('PublicationPlace')); 	local Place = place_check (A['Place'], A:ORIGIN('Place')); 	 	local PublisherName = A['PublisherName']; 	local PublisherName_origin = A:ORIGIN('PublisherName'); 	if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) and (cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] ~= PublisherName) then 		local i = 0; 		PublisherName, i = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (PublisherName);	-- strip apostrophe markup so that metadata isn't contaminated; publisher is never italicized 		if i and (0 < i) then													-- non-zero when markup was stripped so emit an error message 			utilities.set_message ('err_apostrophe_markup', {PublisherName_origin}); 		end 	end 	 	if ('document' == config.CitationClass) and not utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then 		utilities.set_message ('err_missing_publisher', {config.CitationClass, 'publisher'}); 	end  	local Newsgroup = A['Newsgroup'];											-- TODO: strip apostrophe markup? 	local Newsgroup_origin = A:ORIGIN('Newsgroup');	  	if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass then 		if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) and (cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] ~= PublisherName) then	-- general use parameter |publisher= not allowed in cite newsgroup 			utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {PublisherName_origin}); 		end  		PublisherName = nil;													-- ensure that this parameter is unset for the time being; will be used again after COinS 	end  	if 'book' == config.CitationClass or 'encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and not utilities.is_set (Periodical)) then 		local accept; 		PublisherName, accept = utilities.has_accept_as_written (PublisherName);	-- check for and remove accept-as-written markup from |publisher= wrapped 		if not accept then														-- when no accept-as-written markup 			check_publisher_name (PublisherName);								-- emit maint message when |publisher= might be prefixed with publisher's location 		end 	end  	local URL = A['URL'];														-- TODO: better way to do this for URL, ChapterURL, and MapURL? 	local UrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['UrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('UrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil); 	 	if not utilities.is_set (URL) and utilities.is_set (UrlAccess) then 		UrlAccess = nil; 		utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', 'url'); 	end 	 	local ChapterURL = A['ChapterURL']; 	local ChapterUrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['ChapterUrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('ChapterUrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil); 	if not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) and utilities.is_set (ChapterUrlAccess) then 		ChapterUrlAccess = nil; 		utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {A:ORIGIN('ChapterUrlAccess'):gsub ('%-access', )}); 	end  	local MapUrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['MapUrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('MapUrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil); 	if not utilities.is_set (A['MapURL']) and utilities.is_set (MapUrlAccess) then 		MapUrlAccess = nil; 		utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {'map-url'}); 	end  	local this_page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle();								-- also used for COinS and for language 	local no_tracking_cats = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NoTracking'], A:ORIGIN('NoTracking'), cfg.keywords_lists['yes_true_y'], nil);  	-- check this page to see if it is in one of the namespaces that cs1 is not supposed to add to the error categories 	if not utilities.is_set (no_tracking_cats) then								-- ignore if we are already not going to categorize this page 		if cfg.uncategorized_namespaces[this_page.namespace] then				-- is this page's namespace id one of the uncategorized namespace ids? 			no_tracking_cats = "true";											-- set no_tracking_cats 		end 		for _, v in ipairs (cfg.uncategorized_subpages) do						-- cycle through page name patterns 			if this_page.text:match (v) then									-- test page name against each pattern 				no_tracking_cats = "true";										-- set no_tracking_cats 				break;															-- bail out if one is found 			end 		end 	end 																				-- check for extra |page=, |pages= or |at= parameters. (also sheet and sheets while we're at it) 	utilities.select_one (args, {'page', 'p', 'pp', 'pages', 'at', 'sheet', 'sheets'}, 'err_redundant_parameters');	-- this is a dummy call simply to get the error message and category  	local coins_pages; 	 	Page, Pages, At, coins_pages = insource_loc_get (Page, A:ORIGIN('Page'), Pages, A:ORIGIN('Pages'), At);  	if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) and utilities.is_set (Place) then	-- both |publication-place= and |place= (|location=) allowed if different 		utilities.add_prop_cat ('location-test');								-- add property cat to evaluate how often PublicationPlace and Place are used together 		if PublicationPlace == Place then 			Place = ;															-- unset; don't need both if they are the same 		end 	elseif not utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) and utilities.is_set (Place) then	-- when only |place= (|location=) is set ... 		PublicationPlace = Place;												-- promote |place= (|location=) to |publication-place 	end  	if PublicationPlace == Place then Place = ; end							-- don't need both if they are the same  	local URL_origin = A:ORIGIN('URL');											-- get name of parameter that holds URL 	local ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ChapterURL');							-- get name of parameter that holds ChapterURL 	local ScriptChapter = A['ScriptChapter']; 	local ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptChapter'); 	local Format = A['Format']; 	local ChapterFormat = A['ChapterFormat']; 	local TransChapter = A['TransChapter']; 	local TransChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('TransChapter'); 	local TransTitle = A['TransTitle']; 	local ScriptTitle = A['ScriptTitle']; 	 	--[[ 	Parameter remapping for cite encyclopedia: 	When the citation has these parameters: 		|encyclopedia= and |title= then map |title= to |article= and |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering 		|encyclopedia= and |article= then map |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering  		|trans-title= maps to |trans-chapter= when |title= is re-mapped 		|url= maps to |chapter-url= when |title= is remapped 	 	All other combinations of |encyclopedia=, |title=, and |article= are not modified 	 	]]  	local Encyclopedia = A['Encyclopedia'];										-- used as a flag by this module and by ~/COinS 	local ScriptEncyclopedia = A['ScriptEncyclopedia']; 	local TransEncyclopedia = A['TransEncyclopedia'];  	if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) or utilities.is_set (ScriptEncyclopedia) then	-- emit error message when Encyclopedia set but template is other than  or  		if 'encyclopaedia' ~= config.CitationClass and 'citation' ~= config.CitationClass then 			if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) then 				utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {A:ORIGIN ('Encyclopedia')}); 			else 				utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {A:ORIGIN ('ScriptEncyclopedia')}); 			end 			Encyclopedia = nil;													-- unset these because not supported by this template 			ScriptEncyclopedia = nil; 			TransEncyclopedia = nil; 		end 	elseif utilities.is_set (TransEncyclopedia) then 		utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'encyclopedia'}); 	end  	if ('encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then 		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) then	-- when both parameters set emit an error message;  only; Periodical not allowed in  			utilities.set_message ('err_periodical_ignored', {Periodical_origin}); 		end  		if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) or utilities.is_set (ScriptEncyclopedia) then 			Periodical = Encyclopedia;											-- error or no, set Periodical to Encyclopedia for rendering;  could (not legitimately) have both; use Encyclopedia 			Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN ('Encyclopedia'); 			ScriptPeriodical = ScriptEncyclopedia; 			ScriptPeriodical_origin = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptEncyclopedia');  			if utilities.is_set (Title) or utilities.is_set (ScriptTitle) then 				if not utilities.is_set (Chapter) then 					Chapter = Title;											-- |encyclopedia= and |title= are set so map |title= params to |article= params for rendering 					ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle; 					ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptTitle') 					TransChapter = TransTitle; 					ChapterURL = URL; 					ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin; 					ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess; 					ChapterFormat = Format;  					if not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) and utilities.is_set (TitleLink) then 						Chapter = utilities.make_wikilink (TitleLink, Chapter); 					end 					Title = Periodical;											-- now map |encyclopedia= params to |title= params for rendering 					ScriptTitle = ScriptPeriodical or ; 					TransTitle = TransEncyclopedia or ; 					Periodical = ;											-- redundant so unset 					ScriptPeriodical = ; 					URL = ; 					Format = ; 					TitleLink = ; 				end 			elseif utilities.is_set (Chapter) or utilities.is_set (ScriptChapter) then	-- |title= not set 				Title = Periodical;												-- |encyclopedia= set and |article= set so map |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering 				ScriptTitle = ScriptPeriodical or ; 				TransTitle = TransEncyclopedia or ; 				Periodical = ;												-- redundant so unset 				ScriptPeriodical = ; 			end 		end 	end  	-- special case for cite techreport. 	local ID = A['ID']; 	if (config.CitationClass == "techreport") then								-- special case for cite techreport 		if utilities.is_set (A['Number']) then									-- cite techreport uses 'number', which other citations alias to 'issue' 			if not utilities.is_set (ID) then									-- can we use ID for the "number"? 				ID = A['Number'];												-- yes, use it 			else																-- ID has a value so emit error message 				utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'id') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'number')}); 			end 		end	 	end  	-- Account for the oddity that is , before generation of COinS data. 	local ChapterLink -- = A['ChapterLink'];									-- deprecated as a parameter but still used internally by cite episode 	local Conference = A['Conference']; 	local BookTitle = A['BookTitle']; 	local TransTitle_origin = A:ORIGIN ('TransTitle'); 	if 'conference' == config.CitationClass then 		if utilities.is_set (BookTitle) then 			Chapter = Title; 			Chapter_origin = 'title'; 	--		ChapterLink = TitleLink;											-- |chapter-link= is deprecated 			ChapterURL = URL; 			ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess; 			ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin; 			URL_origin = ; 			ChapterFormat = Format; 			TransChapter = TransTitle; 			TransChapter_origin = TransTitle_origin; 			Title = BookTitle; 			Format = ; 	--		TitleLink = ; 			TransTitle = ; 			URL = ; 		end 	elseif 'speech' ~= config.CitationClass then 		Conference = ;														-- not cite conference or cite speech so make sure this is empty string 	end 	 	local use_lowercase = ( sepc == ',' );										-- controls capitalization of certain static text 	 	-- cite map oddities 	local Cartography = ""; 	local Scale = ""; 	local Sheet = A['Sheet'] or ; 	local Sheets = A['Sheets'] or ; 	if config.CitationClass == "map" then 		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then										--TODO: make a function for this and similar? 			utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'map') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', Chapter_origin)});	-- add error message 		end 		Chapter = A['Map']; 		Chapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('Map'); 		ChapterURL = A['MapURL']; 		ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('MapURL'); 		TransChapter = A['TransMap']; 		ScriptChapter = A['ScriptMap'] 		ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptMap')  		ChapterUrlAccess = MapUrlAccess; 		ChapterFormat = A['MapFormat'];  		Cartography = A['Cartography']; 		if utilities.is_set ( Cartography ) then 			Cartography = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('cartography', Cartography, use_lowercase); 		end		 		Scale = A['Scale']; 		if utilities.is_set ( Scale ) then 			Scale = sepc .. " " .. Scale; 		end 	end  	-- Account for the oddities that are  and , before generation of COinS data. 	local Series = A['Series']; 	if 'episode' == config.CitationClass or 'serial' == config.CitationClass then 		local SeriesLink = A['SeriesLink'];  		SeriesLink = link_title_ok (SeriesLink, A:ORIGIN ('SeriesLink'), Series, 'series');	-- check for wiki-markup in |series-link= or wiki-markup in |series= when |series-link= is set  		local Network = A['Network']; 		local Station = A['Station']; 		local s, n = {}, {}; 																				-- do common parameters first 		if utilities.is_set (Network) then table.insert(n, Network); end 		if utilities.is_set (Station) then table.insert(n, Station); end 		ID = table.concat(n, sepc .. ' '); 		 		if 'episode' == config.CitationClass then								-- handle the oddities that are strictly  			local Season = A['Season']; 			local SeriesNumber = A['SeriesNumber'];  			if utilities.is_set (Season) and utilities.is_set (SeriesNumber) then	-- these are mutually exclusive so if both are set TODO: make a function for this and similar? 				utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'season') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'seriesno')});		-- add error message 				SeriesNumber = ;												-- unset; prefer |season= over |seriesno= 			end 																				-- assemble a table of parts concatenated later into Series 			if utilities.is_set (Season) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('season', Season, use_lowercase)); end 			if utilities.is_set (SeriesNumber) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('seriesnum', SeriesNumber, use_lowercase)); end 			if utilities.is_set (Issue) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('episode', Issue, use_lowercase)); end 			Issue = ;															-- unset because this is not a unique parameter 	 			Chapter = Title;													-- promote title parameters to chapter 			ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle; 			ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptTitle'); 			ChapterLink = TitleLink;											-- alias |episode-link= 			TransChapter = TransTitle; 			ChapterURL = URL; 			ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess; 			ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin; 			ChapterFormat = Format;  			Title = Series;														-- promote series to title 			TitleLink = SeriesLink; 			Series = table.concat(s, sepc .. ' ');								-- this is concatenation of season, seriesno, episode number  			if utilities.is_set (ChapterLink) and not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then	-- link but not URL 				Chapter = utilities.make_wikilink (ChapterLink, Chapter); 			elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterLink) and utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then	-- if both are set, URL links episode; 				Series = utilities.make_wikilink (ChapterLink, Series); 			end 			URL = ;															-- unset 			TransTitle = ; 			ScriptTitle = ; 			Format = ; 			 		else																	-- now oddities that are cite serial 			Issue = ;															-- unset because this parameter no longer supported by the citation/core version of cite serial 			Chapter = A['Episode'];												-- TODO: make |episode= available to cite episode someday? 			if utilities.is_set (Series) and utilities.is_set (SeriesLink) then 				Series = utilities.make_wikilink (SeriesLink, Series); 			end 			Series = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', Series);				-- series is italicized 		end	 	end 	-- end of  stuff  	-- handle type parameter for those CS1 citations that have default values 	local TitleType = A['TitleType']; 	local Degree = A['Degree']; 	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'AV-media-notes', 'document', 'interview', 'mailinglist', 'map', 'podcast', 'pressrelease', 'report', 'speech', 'techreport', 'thesis'}) then 		TitleType = set_titletype (config.CitationClass, TitleType); 		if utilities.is_set (Degree) and "Thesis" == TitleType then				-- special case for cite thesis 			TitleType = Degree .. ' ' .. cfg.title_types ['thesis']:lower(); 		end 	end  	if utilities.is_set (TitleType) then										-- if type parameter is specified 		TitleType = utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages['type'], TitleType);	-- display it in parentheses 	-- TODO: Hack on TitleType to fix bunched parentheses problem 	end  	-- legacy: promote PublicationDate to Date if neither Date nor Year are set. 	local Date = A['Date'];  	local Date_origin;															-- to hold the name of parameter promoted to Date; required for date error messaging 	local PublicationDate = A['PublicationDate']; 	local Year = A['Year'];  	if utilities.is_set (Year) then 		validation.year_check (Year);											-- returns nothing; emits maint message when |year= doesn't hold a 'year' value 	end 		 	if not utilities.is_set (Date) then 		Date = Year;															-- promote Year to Date 		Year = nil;																-- make nil so Year as empty string isn't used for CITEREF 		if not utilities.is_set (Date) and utilities.is_set (PublicationDate) then	-- use PublicationDate when |date= and |year= are not set 			Date = PublicationDate;												-- promote PublicationDate to Date 			PublicationDate = ;												-- unset, no longer needed 			Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('PublicationDate');							-- save the name of the promoted parameter 		else 			Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('Year');										-- save the name of the promoted parameter 		end 	else 		Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('Date');											-- not a promotion; name required for error messaging 	end  	if PublicationDate == Date then PublicationDate = ; end					-- if PublicationDate is same as Date, don't display in rendered citation  	--[[ 	Go test all of the date-holding parameters for valid MOS:DATE format and make sure that dates are real dates. This must be done before we do COinS because here is where 	we get the date used in the metadata. 	 	Date validation supporting code is in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation 	]]  	local DF = is_valid_parameter_value (A['DF'], A:ORIGIN('DF'), cfg.keywords_lists['df'], ); 	if not utilities.is_set (DF) then 		DF = cfg.global_df;														-- local |df= if present overrides global df set by  template 	end  	local ArchiveURL; 	local ArchiveDate; 	local ArchiveFormat = A['ArchiveFormat']; 	local archive_url_timestamp;												-- timestamp from wayback machine url 	 	ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, archive_url_timestamp = archive_url_check (A['ArchiveURL'], A['ArchiveDate']) 	ArchiveFormat = style_format (ArchiveFormat, ArchiveURL, 'archive-format', 'archive-url'); 	 	ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate = is_unique_archive_url (ArchiveURL, URL, ChapterURL, A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL'), ArchiveDate);		-- add error message when URL or ChapterURL == ArchiveURL  	local AccessDate = A['AccessDate']; 	local COinS_date = {};														-- holds date info extracted from |date= for the COinS metadata by Module:Date verification 	local DoiBroken = A['DoiBroken']; 	local Embargo = A['Embargo']; 	local anchor_year;															-- used in the CITEREF identifier 	do	-- create defined block to contain local variables error_message, date_parameters_list, mismatch 		local error_message = ; 																				-- AirDate has been promoted to Date so not necessary to check it 		local date_parameters_list = { 			['access-date'] = {val = AccessDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('AccessDate')}, 			['archive-date'] = {val = ArchiveDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('ArchiveDate')}, 			['date'] = {val = Date, name = Date_origin}, 			['doi-broken-date'] = {val = DoiBroken, name = A:ORIGIN ('DoiBroken')}, 			['pmc-embargo-date'] = {val = Embargo, name = A:ORIGIN ('Embargo')}, 			['publication-date'] = {val = PublicationDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('PublicationDate')}, 			['year'] = {val = Year, name = A:ORIGIN ('Year')}, 			};  		local error_list = {}; 		anchor_year, Embargo = validation.dates(date_parameters_list, COinS_date, error_list);  		if utilities.is_set (Year) and utilities.is_set (Date) then				-- both |date= and |year= not normally needed;  			validation.year_date_check (Year, A:ORIGIN ('Year'), Date, A:ORIGIN ('Date'), error_list); 		end  		if 0 == #error_list then												-- error free dates only; 0 when error_list is empty 			local modified = false;												-- flag 			 			if utilities.is_set (DF) then										-- if we need to reformat dates 				modified = validation.reformat_dates (date_parameters_list, DF);	-- reformat to DF format, use long month names if appropriate 			end  			if true == validation.date_hyphen_to_dash (date_parameters_list) then	-- convert hyphens to dashes where appropriate 				modified = true; 				utilities.set_message ('maint_date_format');					-- hyphens were converted so add maint category 			end 			 	-- for those wikis that can and want to have English date names translated to the local language; not supported at en.wiki 			if cfg.date_name_auto_xlate_enable and validation.date_name_xlate (date_parameters_list, cfg.date_digit_auto_xlate_enable ) then --				utilities.set_message ('maint_date_auto_xlated');				-- add maint cat 				modified = true; 			end  			if modified then													-- if the date_parameters_list values were modified 				AccessDate = date_parameters_list['access-date'].val;			-- overwrite date holding parameters with modified values 				ArchiveDate = date_parameters_list['archive-date'].val; 				Date = date_parameters_list['date'].val; 				DoiBroken = date_parameters_list['doi-broken-date'].val; 				PublicationDate = date_parameters_list['publication-date'].val; 			end  			if archive_url_timestamp and utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then 				validation.archive_date_check (en(ArchiveDate), en(archive_url_timestamp), DF);	-- does YYYYMMDD in archive_url_timestamp match date in ArchiveDate 			end 		else 			utilities.set_message ('err_bad_date', {utilities.make_sep_list (#error_list, error_list)});	-- add this error message 		end 	end	-- end of do  	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'book', 'encyclopaedia'}) or	-- , ; TODO:  and others? 		('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) or			--  as an encylopedia citation 		('citation' == config.CitationClass and not utilities.is_set (Periodical)) then		--  as a book citation 			if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then 				if not utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then 					local date = COinS_date.rftdate and tonumber (COinS_date.rftdate:match ('%d%d%d%d'));	-- get year portion of COinS date (because in Arabic numerals); convert string to number 					if date and (1850 <= date) then								-- location has no publisher; if date is 1850 or later 						utilities.set_message ('maint_location_no_publisher');	-- add maint cat 					end 				else															-- PublisherName has a value 					if cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] == PublisherName then			-- if that value is 'none' (only for book and encyclopedia citations) 						PublisherName = ;										-- unset 					end 				end 			end 	end  	local ID_list = {};															-- sequence table of rendered identifiers 	local ID_list_coins = {};													-- table of identifiers and their values from args; key is same as cfg.id_handlers's key 	local Class = A['Class'];													-- arxiv class identifier 	 	local ID_support = { 		{A['ASINTLD'], 'ASIN', 'err_asintld_missing_asin', A:ORIGIN ('ASINTLD')},				 		{DoiBroken, 'DOI', 'err_doibroken_missing_doi', A:ORIGIN ('DoiBroken')}, 		{Embargo, 'PMC', 'err_embargo_missing_pmc', A:ORIGIN ('Embargo')}, 		}  	ID_list, ID_list_coins = identifiers.identifier_lists_get (args, {DoiBroken = DoiBroken, ASINTLD = A['ASINTLD'], Embargo = Embargo, Class = Class, Year=anchor_year}, ID_support);  	-- Account for the oddities that are , , , , , before generation of COinS data. 	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then	-- |arxiv= or |eprint= required for cite arxiv; |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |medrxiv=, |ssrn= required for their templates 		if not (args[cfg.id_handlers[config.CitationClass:upper()].parameters[1]] or 		-- can't use ID_list_coins k/v table here because invalid parameters omitted 			args[cfg.id_handlers[config.CitationClass:upper()].parameters[2]]) then			-- which causes unexpected parameter missing error message 				utilities.set_message ('err_' .. config.CitationClass .. '_missing');		-- add error message 		end  		Periodical = ({['arxiv'] = 'arXiv', ['biorxiv'] = 'bioRxiv', ['citeseerx'] = 'CiteSeerX', ['medrxiv'] = 'medRxiv', ['ssrn'] = 'Social Science Research Network'})[config.CitationClass]; 	end  	-- Link the title of the work if no |url= was provided, but we have a |pmc= or a |doi= with |doi-access=free  	if config.CitationClass == "journal" and not utilities.is_set (URL) and not utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and not utilities.in_array (cfg.keywords_xlate[Title], {'off', 'none'}) then -- TODO: remove 'none' once existing citations have been switched to 'off', so 'none' can be used as token for "no title" instead 		if 'none' ~= cfg.keywords_xlate[auto_select] then						-- if auto-linking not disabled  	 		if identifiers.auto_link_urls[auto_select] then						-- manual selection 		 		URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls[auto_select];					-- set URL to be the same as identifier's external link  				URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers[auto_select:upper()].parameters[1];	-- set URL_origin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title= 			elseif identifiers.auto_link_urls['pmc'] then						-- auto-select PMC 				URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls['pmc'];						-- set URL to be the same as the PMC external link if not embargoed 				URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].parameters[1];				-- set URL_origin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title= 			elseif identifiers.auto_link_urls['doi'] then						-- auto-select DOI 				URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls['doi']; 				URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers['DOI'].parameters[1]; 			end  	 	end  		if utilities.is_set (URL) then											-- set when using an identifier-created URL 			if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) then								-- |access-date= requires |url=; identifier-created URL is not |url= 				utilities.set_message ('err_accessdate_missing_url');			-- add an error message 				AccessDate = ;												-- unset 			end  			if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then								-- |archive-url= requires |url=; identifier-created URL is not |url= 				utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url');				-- add an error message 				ArchiveURL = ;												-- unset 			end 		end 	end  	-- At this point fields may be nil if they weren't specified in the template use.  We can use that fact. 	-- Test if citation has no title 	if	not utilities.is_set (Title) and not utilities.is_set (TransTitle) and not utilities.is_set (ScriptTitle) then	-- has special case for cite episode 		utilities.set_message ('err_citation_missing_title', {'episode' == config.CitationClass and 'series' or 'title'}); 	end  	if utilities.in_array (cfg.keywords_xlate[Title], {'off', 'none'}) and 			utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'journal', 'citation'}) and 			(utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and 			('journal' == Periodical_origin or 'script-journal' == ScriptPeriodical_origin) then	-- special case for journal cites 				Title = ;														-- set title to empty string 				utilities.set_message ('maint_untitled');						-- add maint cat 	end  	-- COinS metadata (see <http://ocoins.info/>) for automated parsing of citation information. 	-- handle the oddity that is cite encyclopedia and . Here we presume that 	-- when Periodical, Title, and Chapter are all set, then Periodical is the book (encyclopedia) title, Title 	-- is the article title, and Chapter is a section within the article.  So, we remap  	 	local coins_chapter = Chapter;												-- default assuming that remapping not required 	local coins_title = Title;													-- et tu 	if 'encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then 		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) and utilities.is_set (Title) and utilities.is_set (Periodical) then		-- if all are used then 			coins_chapter = Title;												-- remap 			coins_title = Periodical; 		end 	end 	local coins_author = a;														-- default for coins rft.au  	if 0 < #c then																-- but if contributor list 		coins_author = c;														-- use that instead 	end 	 	-- this is the function call to COinS() 	local OCinSoutput = metadata.COinS({ 		['Periodical'] = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (Periodical),		-- no markup in the metadata 		['Encyclopedia'] = Encyclopedia,										-- just a flag; content ignored by ~/COinS 		['Chapter'] = metadata.make_coins_title (coins_chapter, ScriptChapter),	-- Chapter and ScriptChapter stripped of bold / italic / accept-as-written markup 		['Degree'] = Degree;													-- cite thesis only 		['Title'] = metadata.make_coins_title (coins_title, ScriptTitle),		-- Title and ScriptTitle stripped of bold / italic / accept-as-written markup 		['PublicationPlace'] = PublicationPlace, 		['Date'] = COinS_date.rftdate,											-- COinS_date.* has correctly formatted date values if Date is valid; 		['Season'] = COinS_date.rftssn, 		['Quarter'] = COinS_date.rftquarter, 		['Chron'] =  COinS_date.rftchron, 		['Series'] = Series, 		['Volume'] = Volume, 		['Issue'] = Issue, 		['ArticleNumber'] = ArticleNumber, 		['Pages'] = coins_pages or metadata.get_coins_pages (first_set ({Sheet, Sheets, Page, Pages, At, QuotePage, QuotePages}, 7)),	-- pages stripped of external links 		['Edition'] = Edition, 		['PublisherName'] = PublisherName or Newsgroup,							-- any apostrophe markup already removed from PublisherName 		['URL'] = first_set ({ChapterURL, URL}, 2), 		['Authors'] = coins_author, 		['ID_list'] = ID_list_coins, 		['RawPage'] = this_page.prefixedText, 	}, config.CitationClass);  	-- Account for the oddities that are , , , , and  AFTER generation of COinS data. 	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then	-- we have set rft.jtitle in COinS to arXiv, bioRxiv, CiteSeerX, medRxiv, or ssrn now unset so it isn't displayed 		Periodical = ;														-- periodical not allowed in these templates; if article has been published, use cite journal 	end  	-- special case for cite newsgroup.  Do this after COinS because we are modifying Publishername to include some static text 	if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Newsgroup) then 		PublisherName = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['newsgroup'], external_link( 'news:' .. Newsgroup, Newsgroup, Newsgroup_origin, nil )); 	end  	local Editors; 	local EditorCount;															-- used only for choosing {ed.) or (eds.) annotation at end of editor name-list 	local Contributors;															-- assembled contributors name list 	local contributor_etal; 	local Translators;															-- assembled translators name list 	local translator_etal; 	local t = {};																-- translators list from |translator-lastn= / translator-firstn= pairs 	t = extract_names (args, 'TranslatorList');									-- fetch translator list from |translatorn= / |translator-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn= 	local Interviewers;															 	local interviewers_list = {};					 	interviewers_list = extract_names (args, 'InterviewerList');				-- process preferred interviewers parameters 	local interviewer_etal; 	 	-- Now perform various field substitutions. 	-- We also add leading spaces and surrounding markup and punctuation to the 	-- various parts of the citation, but only when they are non-nil. 	do 		local last_first_list; 		local control = {  			format = NameListStyle,												-- empty string, '&', 'amp', 'and', or 'vanc' 			maximum = nil,														-- as if display-authors or display-editors not set 			mode = Mode 		};  		do																		-- do editor name list first because the now unsupported coauthors used to modify control table 			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayEditors'], A['DisplayEditors'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayEditors'), #e); 			control.maximum, editor_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #e, 'editors', editor_etal, param);  			Editors, EditorCount = list_people (control, e, editor_etal);  			if 1 == EditorCount and (true == editor_etal or 1 < #e) then		-- only one editor displayed but includes etal then  				EditorCount = 2;												-- spoof to display (eds.) annotation 			end 		end 		do																		-- now do interviewers 			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayInterviewers'], A['DisplayInterviewers'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayInterviewers'), #interviewers_list); 			control.maximum, interviewer_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #interviewers_list, 'interviewers', interviewer_etal, param);  			Interviewers = list_people (control, interviewers_list, interviewer_etal); 		end 		do																		-- now do translators 			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayTranslators'], A['DisplayTranslators'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayTranslators'), #t); 			control.maximum, translator_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #t, 'translators', translator_etal, param);  			Translators = list_people (control, t, translator_etal); 		end 		do																		-- now do contributors 			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayContributors'], A['DisplayContributors'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayContributors'), #c); 			control.maximum, contributor_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #c, 'contributors', contributor_etal, param);  			Contributors = list_people (control, c, contributor_etal); 		end 		do																		-- now do authors 			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayAuthors'], A['DisplayAuthors'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayAuthors'), #a, author_etal); 			control.maximum, author_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #a, 'authors', author_etal, param);  			last_first_list = list_people (control, a, author_etal);  			if utilities.is_set (Authors) then 				Authors, author_etal = name_has_etal (Authors, author_etal, false, 'authors');	-- find and remove variations on et al. 				if author_etal then 					Authors = Authors .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['et al'];			-- add et al. to authors parameter 				end 			else 				Authors = last_first_list;										-- either an author name list or an empty string 			end 		end																		-- end of do 	 		if utilities.is_set (Authors) and utilities.is_set (Collaboration) then 			Authors = Authors .. ' (' .. Collaboration .. ')';					-- add collaboration after et al. 		end  	end  	local ConferenceFormat = A['ConferenceFormat']; 	local ConferenceURL = A['ConferenceURL']; 	ConferenceFormat = style_format (ConferenceFormat, ConferenceURL, 'conference-format', 'conference-url'); 	Format = style_format (Format, URL, 'format', 'url');  	-- special case for chapter format so no error message or cat when chapter not supported 	if not (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or 		('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia))) then 			ChapterFormat = style_format (ChapterFormat, ChapterURL, 'chapter-format', 'chapter-url'); 	end  	if not utilities.is_set (URL) then 		if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {"web", "podcast", "mailinglist"}) or		-- |url= required for cite web, cite podcast, and cite mailinglist 			('citation' == config.CitationClass and ('website' == Periodical_origin or 'script-website' == ScriptPeriodical_origin)) then	-- and required for  with |website= or |script-website= 				utilities.set_message ('err_cite_web_url'); 		end 		 		-- do we have |accessdate= without either |url= or |chapter-url=? 		if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) and not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then		-- ChapterURL may be set when URL is not set; 			utilities.set_message ('err_accessdate_missing_url'); 			AccessDate = ; 		end 	end  	local UrlStatus = is_valid_parameter_value (A['UrlStatus'], A:ORIGIN('UrlStatus'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-status'], ); 	local OriginalURL 	local OriginalURL_origin 	local OriginalFormat 	local OriginalAccess; 	UrlStatus = UrlStatus:lower();												-- used later when assembling archived text 	if utilities.is_set ( ArchiveURL ) then 		if utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then 									-- if chapter-url= is set apply archive url to it 			OriginalURL = ChapterURL;											-- save copy of source chapter's url for archive text 			OriginalURL_origin = ChapterURL_origin;								-- name of |chapter-url= parameter for error messages 			OriginalFormat = ChapterFormat;										-- and original |chapter-format=  			if 'live' ~= UrlStatus then 				ChapterURL = ArchiveURL											-- swap-in the archive's URL 				ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL')						-- name of |archive-url= parameter for error messages 				ChapterFormat = ArchiveFormat or ;							-- swap in archive's format 				ChapterUrlAccess = nil;											-- restricted access levels do not make sense for archived URLs 			end 		elseif utilities.is_set (URL) then 			OriginalURL = URL;													-- save copy of original source URL 			OriginalURL_origin = URL_origin;									-- name of URL parameter for error messages 			OriginalFormat = Format; 											-- and original |format= 			OriginalAccess = UrlAccess;  			if 'live' ~= UrlStatus then											-- if URL set then |archive-url= applies to it 				URL = ArchiveURL												-- swap-in the archive's URL 				URL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL')								-- name of archive URL parameter for error messages 				Format = ArchiveFormat or ;									-- swap in archive's format 				UrlAccess = nil;												-- restricted access levels do not make sense for archived URLs 			end 		end 	elseif utilities.is_set (UrlStatus) then									-- if |url-status= is set when |archive-url= is not set  		utilities.set_message ('maint_url_status');								-- add maint cat 	end  	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or	-- if any of the 'periodical' cites except encyclopedia 		('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then 			local chap_param; 			if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then									-- get a parameter name from one of these chapter related meta-parameters 				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('Chapter') 			elseif utilities.is_set (TransChapter) then 				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('TransChapter') 			elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then 				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ChapterURL') 			elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptChapter) then 				chap_param = ScriptChapter_origin; 			else utilities.is_set (ChapterFormat) 				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ChapterFormat') 			end  			if utilities.is_set (chap_param) then								-- if we found one 				utilities.set_message ('err_chapter_ignored', {chap_param});	-- add error message 				Chapter = ;													-- and set them to empty string to be safe with concatenation 				TransChapter = ; 				ChapterURL = ; 				ScriptChapter = ; 				ChapterFormat = ; 			end 	else																		-- otherwise, format chapter / article title 		local no_quotes = false;												-- default assume that we will be quoting the chapter parameter value 		if utilities.is_set (Contribution) and 0 < #c then						-- if this is a contribution with contributor(s) 			if utilities.in_array (Contribution:lower(), cfg.keywords_lists.contribution) then	-- and a generic contribution title 				no_quotes = true;												-- then render it unquoted 			end 		end  		Chapter = format_chapter_title (ScriptChapter, ScriptChapter_origin, Chapter, Chapter_origin, TransChapter, TransChapter_origin, ChapterURL, ChapterURL_origin, no_quotes, ChapterUrlAccess);		-- Contribution is also in Chapter 		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then 			Chapter = Chapter .. ChapterFormat ; 			if 'map' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (TitleType) then 				Chapter = Chapter .. ' ' .. TitleType;							-- map annotation here; not after title 			end 			Chapter = Chapter .. sepc .. ' '; 		elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterFormat) then							-- |chapter= not set but |chapter-format= is so ... 			Chapter = ChapterFormat .. sepc .. ' ';								-- ... ChapterFormat has error message, we want to see it 		end 	end  	-- Format main title 	local plain_title = false; 	local accept_title; 	Title, accept_title = utilities.has_accept_as_written (Title, true);		-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of <Title> 	if accept_title and ( == Title) then										-- only support forced empty for now "(())" 		Title = cfg.messages['notitle'];										-- replace by predefined "No title" message 			-- TODO: utilities.set_message ( 'err_redundant_parameters', ...);	-- issue proper error message instead of muting	  			ScriptTitle = ;													-- just mute for now	  			TransTitle = ;													-- just mute for now  		plain_title = true;														-- suppress text decoration for descriptive title 		utilities.set_message ('maint_untitled');								-- add maint cat 	end  	if not accept_title then													-- <Title> not wrapped in accept-as-written markup 		if '...' == Title:sub (-3) then											-- if ellipsis is the last three characters of |title= 			Title = Title:gsub ('(%.%.%.)%.+$', '%1');							-- limit the number of dots to three 		elseif not mw.ustring.find (Title, '%.%s*%a%.$') and					-- end of title is not a 'dot-(optional space-)letter-dot' initialism ... 			not mw.ustring.find (Title, '%s+%a%.$') then						-- ...and not a 'space-letter-dot' initial (Allium canadense L.) 				Title = mw.ustring.gsub(Title, '%' .. sepc .. '$', );			-- remove any trailing separator character; sepc and ms.ustring() here for languages that use multibyte separator characters 		end  		if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) and is_archived_copy (Title) then 			utilities.set_message ('maint_archived_copy');						-- add maintenance category before we modify the content of Title 		end  		if is_generic ('generic_titles', Title) then 			utilities.set_message ('err_generic_title');						-- set an error message 		end 	end  	if (not plain_title) and (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'document', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'mailinglist', 'interview', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or 		('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) or 		('map' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)))) then		-- special case for cite map when the map is in a periodical treat as an article 			Title = kern_quotes (Title);										-- if necessary, separate title's leading and trailing quote marks from module provided quote marks 			Title = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-title', Title); 			Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title');	-- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped 			TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle ); 	elseif plain_title or ('report' == config.CitationClass) then				-- no styling for cite report and descriptive titles (otherwise same as above) 		Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title');		-- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped 		TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle );	-- for cite report, use this form for trans-title 	else 		Title = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', Title); 		Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title');		-- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped 		TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-italic-title', TransTitle); 	end  	if utilities.is_set (TransTitle) then 		if utilities.is_set (Title) then 			TransTitle = " " .. TransTitle; 		else 			utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'title'}); 		end 	end  	if utilities.is_set (Title) then											-- TODO: is this the right place to be making Wikisource URLs? 		if utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and utilities.is_set (URL) then 			utilities.set_message ('err_wikilink_in_url');						-- set an error message because we can't have both 			TitleLink = ;														-- unset 		end 	 		if not utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and utilities.is_set (URL) then 			Title = external_link (URL, Title, URL_origin, UrlAccess) .. TransTitle .. Format; 			URL = ;															-- unset these because no longer needed 			Format = ""; 		elseif utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and not utilities.is_set (URL) then 			local ws_url; 			ws_url = wikisource_url_make (TitleLink);							-- ignore ws_label return; not used here 			if ws_url then 				Title = external_link (ws_url, Title .. ' ', 'ws link in title-link');	-- space char after Title to move icon away from italic text; TODO: a better way to do this? 				Title = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], TitleLink, Title});				 				Title = Title .. TransTitle; 			else 				Title = utilities.make_wikilink (TitleLink, Title) .. TransTitle; 			end 		else 			local ws_url, ws_label, L;											-- Title has italic or quote markup by the time we get here which causes is_wikilink() to return 0 (not a wikilink) 			ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (Title:gsub('^[\'"]*(.-)[\'"]*$', '%1'));	-- make ws URL from |title= interwiki link (strip italic or quote markup); link portion L becomes tooltip label 			if ws_url then 				Title = Title:gsub ('%b[]', ws_label);							-- replace interwiki link with ws_label to retain markup 				Title = external_link (ws_url, Title .. ' ', 'ws link in title');	-- space char after Title to move icon away from italic text; TODO: a better way to do this? 				Title = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, Title});				 				Title = Title .. TransTitle; 			else 				Title = Title .. TransTitle; 			end 		end 	else 		Title = TransTitle; 	end  	if utilities.is_set (Place) then 		Place = " " .. wrap_msg ('written', Place, use_lowercase) .. sepc .. " "; 	end  	local ConferenceURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ConferenceURL');						-- get name of parameter that holds ConferenceURL 	if utilities.is_set (Conference) then 		if utilities.is_set (ConferenceURL) then 			Conference = external_link( ConferenceURL, Conference, ConferenceURL_origin, nil ); 		end 		Conference = sepc .. " " .. Conference .. ConferenceFormat; 	elseif utilities.is_set (ConferenceURL) then 		Conference = sepc .. " " .. external_link( ConferenceURL, nil, ConferenceURL_origin, nil ); 	end  	local Position = ; 	if not utilities.is_set (Position) then 		local Minutes = A['Minutes']; 		local Time = A['Time'];  		if utilities.is_set (Minutes) then 			if utilities.is_set (Time) then		--TODO: make a function for this and similar? 				utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'minutes') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'time')}); 			end 			Position = " " .. Minutes .. " " .. cfg.messages['minutes']; 		else 			if utilities.is_set (Time) then 				local TimeCaption = A['TimeCaption'] 				if not utilities.is_set (TimeCaption) then 					TimeCaption = cfg.messages['event']; 					if sepc ~= '.' then 						TimeCaption = TimeCaption:lower(); 					end 				end 				Position = " " .. TimeCaption .. " " .. Time; 			end 		end 	else 		Position = " " .. Position; 		At = ; 	end  	Page, Pages, Sheet, Sheets = format_pages_sheets (Page, Pages, Sheet, Sheets, config.CitationClass, Periodical_origin, sepc, NoPP, use_lowercase);  	At = utilities.is_set (At) and (sepc .. " " .. At) or ""; 	Position = utilities.is_set (Position) and (sepc .. " " .. Position) or ""; 	if config.CitationClass == 'map' then 		local Sections = A['Sections'];											-- Section (singular) is an alias of Chapter so set earlier 		local Inset = A['Inset']; 		 		if utilities.is_set ( Inset ) then 			Inset = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('inset', Inset, use_lowercase); 		end			  		if utilities.is_set ( Sections ) then 			Section = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('sections', Sections, use_lowercase); 		elseif utilities.is_set ( Section ) then 			Section = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('section', Section, use_lowercase); 		end 		At = At .. Inset .. Section;		 	end	  	local Others = A['Others']; 	if utilities.is_set (Others) and 0 == #a and 0 == #e then					-- add maint cat when |others= has value and used without |author=, |editor= 		if config.CitationClass == "AV-media-notes" 		or config.CitationClass == "audio-visual" then							-- special maint for AV/M which has a lot of 'false' positives right now 			utilities.set_message ('maint_others_avm') 		else 			utilities.set_message ('maint_others'); 		end 	end 	Others = utilities.is_set (Others) and (sepc .. " " .. Others) or ""; 	 	if utilities.is_set (Translators) then 		Others = safe_join ({sepc .. ' ', wrap_msg ('translated', Translators, use_lowercase), Others}, sepc); 	end 	if utilities.is_set (Interviewers) then 		Others = safe_join ({sepc .. ' ', wrap_msg ('interview', Interviewers, use_lowercase), Others}, sepc); 	end 	 	local TitleNote = A['TitleNote']; 	TitleNote = utilities.is_set (TitleNote) and (sepc .. " " .. TitleNote) or ""; 	if utilities.is_set (Edition) then 		if Edition:match ('%f[%a][Ee]d%n?%.?$') or Edition:match ('%f[%a][Ee]dition$') then -- Ed, ed, Ed., ed., Edn, edn, Edn., edn. 			utilities.set_message ('err_extra_text_edition');					 -- add error message 		end 		Edition = " " .. wrap_msg ('edition', Edition); 	else 		Edition = ; 	end  	Series = utilities.is_set (Series) and wrap_msg ('series', {sepc, Series}) or "";	-- not the same as SeriesNum 	local Agency = A['Agency'] or ;											-- |agency= is supported by , , , , and certain  templates 	if utilities.is_set (Agency) then											-- this testing done here because  supports 'news' citations 		if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'magazine', 'news', 'pressrelease', 'web'}) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, {"magazine", "newspaper", "work"})) then 			Agency = wrap_msg ('agency', {sepc, Agency});						-- format for rendering 		else 			Agency = ;														-- unset; not supported 			utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {'agency'});		-- add error message 		end 	end 	 	Volume = format_volume_issue (Volume, Issue, ArticleNumber, config.CitationClass, Periodical_origin, sepc, use_lowercase);  	if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) then 		local retrv_text = " " .. cfg.messages['retrieved']  		AccessDate = nowrap_date (AccessDate);									-- wrap in nowrap span if date in appropriate format 		if (sepc ~= ".") then retrv_text = retrv_text:lower() end				-- if mode is cs2, lower case 		AccessDate = utilities.substitute (retrv_text, AccessDate);				-- add retrieved text  		AccessDate = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['accessdate'], {sepc, AccessDate});	-- allow editors to hide accessdates 	end 	 	if utilities.is_set (ID) then ID = sepc .. " " .. ID; end 	 	local Docket = A['Docket'];    	if "thesis" == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Docket) then 		ID = sepc .. " Docket " .. Docket .. ID; 	end    	if "report" == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Docket) then		-- for cite report when |docket= is set 		ID = sepc .. ' ' .. Docket;												-- overwrite ID even if |id= is set 	end  	if utilities.is_set (URL) then 		URL = " " .. external_link( URL, nil, URL_origin, UrlAccess ); 	end 	 	-- We check length of PostScript here because it will have been nuked by 	-- the quote parameters. We'd otherwise emit a message even if there wasn't 	-- a displayed postscript. 	-- TODO: Should the max size (1) be configurable? 	-- TODO: Should we check a specific pattern? 	if utilities.is_set(PostScript) and mw.ustring.len(PostScript) > 1 then 		utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript') 	end 	 	local Archived; 	if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then 		if not utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then								-- ArchiveURL set but ArchiveDate not set 			utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_date');					-- emit an error message 			ArchiveURL = ;													-- empty string for concatenation 			ArchiveDate = ;													-- empty string for concatenation 		end 	else														 		if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then									-- ArchiveURL not set but ArchiveDate is set 			utilities.set_message ('err_archive_date_missing_url');				-- emit an error message 			ArchiveURL = ;													-- empty string for concatenation 			ArchiveDate = ;													-- empty string for concatenation 		end 	end  	if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then 		local arch_text; 		if "live" == UrlStatus then 			arch_text = cfg.messages['archived']; 			if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end 			if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then 				Archived = sepc .. ' ' .. utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages['archived-live'], 					{external_link( ArchiveURL, arch_text, A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL'), nil) .. ArchiveFormat, ArchiveDate } ); 			else 				Archived = ; 			end 			if not utilities.is_set (OriginalURL) then 				utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url'); 				Archived = ;													-- empty string for concatenation 			end 		elseif utilities.is_set (OriginalURL) then								-- UrlStatus is empty, 'dead', 'unfit', 'usurped', 'bot: unknown' 			if utilities.in_array (UrlStatus, {'unfit', 'usurped', 'bot: unknown'}) then 				arch_text = cfg.messages['archived-unfit']; 				if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end 				Archived = sepc..' '..ArchiveDate..' ' .. arch_text;				-- format already styled 				if 'bot: unknown' == UrlStatus then 					utilities.set_message ('maint_bot_unknown');				-- and add a category if not already added 				else 					utilities.add_prop_cat ('unfit');							-- and add a category if not already added 				end 			else																-- UrlStatus is empty, 'dead' 				arch_text = cfg.messages['archived-dead']; 				if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end 				if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then 					Archived = sepc .. " " .. utilities.substitute ( arch_text, 						{ external_link( OriginalURL, cfg.messages['original'], OriginalURL_origin, OriginalAccess ) .. OriginalFormat, ArchiveDate } );	-- format already styled 				else 					Archived = ;												-- unset for concatenation 				end 			end	 		else																	-- OriginalUrl not set 			utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url'); 			Archived = ;														-- empty string for concatenation 		end 	elseif utilities.is_set (ArchiveFormat) then 		Archived = ArchiveFormat;												-- if set and ArchiveURL not set ArchiveFormat has error message 	else 		Archived = ; 	end 	 	local TranscriptURL = A['TranscriptURL'] 	local TranscriptFormat = A['TranscriptFormat']; 	TranscriptFormat = style_format (TranscriptFormat, TranscriptURL, 'transcript-format', 'transcripturl'); 	local Transcript = A['Transcript']; 	local TranscriptURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('TranscriptURL');						-- get name of parameter that holds TranscriptURL 	if utilities.is_set (Transcript) then 		if utilities.is_set (TranscriptURL) then 			Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, Transcript, TranscriptURL_origin, nil ); 		end 		Transcript = sepc .. ' ' .. Transcript .. TranscriptFormat; 	elseif utilities.is_set (TranscriptURL) then 		Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, nil, TranscriptURL_origin, nil ); 	end  	local Publisher; 	if utilities.is_set (PublicationDate) then 		PublicationDate = wrap_msg ('published', PublicationDate); 	end 	if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then 		if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then 			Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. ": " .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate; 		else 			Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;   		end			 	elseif utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then  		Publisher= sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. PublicationDate; 	else  		Publisher = PublicationDate; 	end 	 	-- Several of the above rely upon detecting this as nil, so do it last. 	if (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) or utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical)) then 		if utilities.is_set (Title) or utilities.is_set (TitleNote) then  			Periodical = sepc .. " " .. format_periodical (ScriptPeriodical, ScriptPeriodical_origin, Periodical, TransPeriodical, TransPeriodical_origin); 		else  			Periodical = format_periodical (ScriptPeriodical, ScriptPeriodical_origin, Periodical, TransPeriodical, TransPeriodical_origin); 		end 	end 	 	local Language = A['Language']; 	if utilities.is_set (Language) then 		Language = language_parameter (Language);								-- format, categories, name from ISO639-1, etc. 	else 		Language=;															-- language not specified so make sure this is an empty string; 	--[[ TODO: need to extract the wrap_msg from language_parameter 	so that we can solve parentheses bunching problem with Format/Language/TitleType 	]] 	end  	--[[ 	Handle the oddity that is cite speech.  This code overrides whatever may be the value assigned to TitleNote (through |department=) and forces it to be " (Speech)" so that 	the annotation directly follows the |title= parameter value in the citation rather than the |event= parameter value (if provided). 	]] 	if "speech" == config.CitationClass then									-- cite speech only 		TitleNote = TitleType;													-- move TitleType to TitleNote so that it renders ahead of |event= 		TitleType = ;															-- and unset  		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then									-- if Periodical, perhaps because of an included |website= or |journal= parameter  			if utilities.is_set (Conference) then								-- and if |event= is set 				Conference = Conference .. sepc .. " ";							-- then add appropriate punctuation to the end of the Conference variable before rendering 			end 		end 	end  	-- Piece all bits together at last.  Here, all should be non-nil. 	-- We build things this way because it is more efficient in LUA 	-- not to keep reassigning to the same string variable over and over.  	local tcommon; 	local tcommon2;																-- used for book cite when |contributor= is set 	 	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {"book", "citation"}) and not utilities.is_set (Periodical) then		-- special cases for book cites 		if utilities.is_set (Contributors) then									-- when we are citing foreword, preface, introduction, etc. 			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote}, sepc);						-- author and other stuff will come after this and before tcommon2 			tcommon2 = safe_join ({TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher}, sepc); 		else 			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher}, sepc); 		end  	elseif 'map' == config.CitationClass then									-- special cases for cite map 		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then										-- map in a book; TitleType is part of Chapter 			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc); 		elseif utilities.is_set (Periodical) then								-- map in a periodical 			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleType, Periodical, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc); 		else																	-- a sheet or stand-alone map 			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleType, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher}, sepc); 		end 		 	elseif 'episode' == config.CitationClass then								-- special case for cite episode 		tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote, TitleType, Series, Language, Edition, Publisher}, sepc);  	else																		-- all other CS1 templates 		tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc); 	end 	 	if #ID_list > 0 then 		ID_list = safe_join( { sepc .. " ",  table.concat( ID_list, sepc .. " " ), ID }, sepc ); 	else 		ID_list = ID; 	end 	 	local Via = A['Via']; 	Via = utilities.is_set (Via) and  wrap_msg ('via', Via) or ; 	local idcommon; 	if 'audio-visual' == config.CitationClass or 'episode' == config.CitationClass then	-- special case for cite AV media & cite episode position transcript 		idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list, URL, Archived, Transcript, AccessDate, Via, Quote }, sepc ); 	else 		idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list, URL, Archived, AccessDate, Via, Quote }, sepc ); 	end 	 	local text; 	local pgtext = Position .. Sheet .. Sheets .. Page .. Pages .. At;  	local OrigDate = A['OrigDate']; 	OrigDate = utilities.is_set (OrigDate) and wrap_msg ('origdate', OrigDate) or ; 	if utilities.is_set (Date) then 		if utilities.is_set (Authors) or utilities.is_set (Editors) then		-- date follows authors or editors when authors not set 			Date = " (" .. Date .. ")" .. OrigDate .. sepc .. " ";				-- in parentheses 		else																	-- neither of authors and editors set 			if (string.sub(tcommon, -1, -1) == sepc) then						-- if the last character of tcommon is sepc 				Date = " " .. Date .. OrigDate;									-- Date does not begin with sepc 			else 				Date = sepc .. " " .. Date .. OrigDate;							-- Date begins with sepc 			end 		end 	end	 	if utilities.is_set (Authors) then 		if (not utilities.is_set (Date)) then									-- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Authors termination 			Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc);						-- when no date, terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space 		end 		if utilities.is_set (Editors) then 			local in_text = ; 			local post_text = ; 			if utilities.is_set (Chapter) and 0 == #c then 				in_text = cfg.messages['in'] .. ' '; 				if (sepc ~= '.') then 					in_text = in_text:lower();									-- lowercase for cs2 				end 			end 			if EditorCount <= 1 then 				post_text = ' (' .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. ')';				-- be consistent with no-author, no-date case 			else 				post_text = ' (' .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. ')'; 			end 			Editors = terminate_name_list (in_text .. Editors .. post_text, sepc);	-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space 		end 		if utilities.is_set (Contributors) then									-- book cite and we're citing the intro, preface, etc. 			local by_text = sepc .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['by'] .. ' '; 			if (sepc ~= '.') then by_text = by_text:lower() end					-- lowercase for cs2 			Authors = by_text .. Authors;										-- author follows title so tweak it here 			if utilities.is_set (Editors) and utilities.is_set (Date) then		-- when Editors make sure that Authors gets terminated 				Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc);					-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space 			end 			if (not utilities.is_set (Date)) then								-- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Contributors termination 				Contributors = terminate_name_list (Contributors, sepc);		-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space 			end 			text = safe_join( {Contributors, Date, Chapter, tcommon, Authors, Place, Editors, tcommon2, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc ); 		else 			text = safe_join( {Authors, Date, Chapter, Place, Editors, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc ); 		end 	elseif utilities.is_set (Editors) then 		if utilities.is_set (Date) then 			if EditorCount <= 1 then 				Editors = Editors .. cfg.presentation['sep_name'] .. cfg.messages['editor']; 			else 				Editors = Editors .. cfg.presentation['sep_name'] .. cfg.messages['editors']; 			end 		else 			if EditorCount <= 1 then 				Editors = Editors .. " (" .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. ")" .. sepc .. " " 			else 				Editors = Editors .. " (" .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. ")" .. sepc .. " " 			end 		end 		text = safe_join( {Editors, Date, Chapter, Place, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc ); 	else 		if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {"journal", "citation"}) and utilities.is_set (Periodical) then 			text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, pgtext, Date, idcommon}, sepc ); 		else 			text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, Date, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc ); 		end 	end  	if utilities.is_set (PostScript) and PostScript ~= sepc then 		text = safe_join( {text, sepc}, sepc ); 								-- Deals with italics, spaces, etc. 		if '.' == sepc then														-- remove final seperator if present 			text = text:gsub ('%' .. sepc .. '$', );							-- dot must be escaped here 		else 			text = mw.ustring.gsub (text, sepc .. '$', );						-- using ustring for non-dot sepc (likely a non-Latin character) 		end 	end	 	 	text = safe_join( {text, PostScript}, sepc );  	-- Now enclose the whole thing in a <cite> element 	local options_t = {}; 	options_t.class = cite_class_attribute_make (config.CitationClass, Mode);  	local Ref = is_valid_parameter_value (A['Ref'], A:ORIGIN('Ref'), cfg.keywords_lists['ref'], nil, true);	-- nil when |ref=harv; A['Ref'] else  	if 'none' ~= cfg.keywords_xlate[(Ref and Ref:lower()) or ] then 		local namelist_t = {};													-- holds selected contributor, author, editor name list 		local year = first_set ({Year, anchor_year}, 2);						-- Year first for legacy citations and for YMD dates that require disambiguation  		if #c > 0 then															-- if there is a contributor list 			namelist_t = c;														-- select it 		elseif #a > 0 then														-- or an author list 			namelist_t = a; 		elseif #e > 0 then														-- or an editor list 			namelist_t = e; 		end 		local citeref_id; 		if #namelist_t > 0 then													-- if there are names in namelist_t 			citeref_id = make_citeref_id (namelist_t, year);					-- go make the CITEREF anchor 			if mw.uri.anchorEncode (citeref_id) == ((Ref and mw.uri.anchorEncode (Ref)) or ) then	-- Ref may already be encoded (by ) so citeref_id must be encoded before comparison 				utilities.set_message ('maint_ref_duplicates_default'); 			end 		else 			citeref_id = ;													-- unset 		end 		options_t.id = Ref or citeref_id; 	end  	if string.len (text:gsub('%b<>', )) <= 2 then								-- remove html and html-like tags; then get length of what remains;  		z.error_cats_t = {};													-- blank the categories list 		z.error_msgs_t = {};													-- blank the error messages list 		OCinSoutput = nil;														-- blank the metadata string 		text = ;																-- blank the the citation 		utilities.set_message ('err_empty_citation');							-- set empty citation message and category 	end 	 	local render_t = {};														-- here we collect the final bits for concatenation into the rendered citation  	if utilities.is_set (options_t.id) then										-- here we wrap the rendered citation in ... tags 		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['cite-id'], {mw.uri.anchorEncode(options_t.id), mw.text.nowiki(options_t.class), text}));	-- when |ref= is set or when there is a namelist 	else 		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['cite'], {mw.text.nowiki(options_t.class), text}));	-- when |ref=none or when namelist_t empty and |ref= is missing or is empty 	end		  	if OCinSoutput then															-- blanked when citation is 'empty' so don't bother to add boilerplate metadata span 		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['ocins'], OCinSoutput));	-- format and append metadata to the citation 	end  	local template_name = cite_bn( ('citation' == config.CitationClass) and 'citation' or 'cite ' .. (cfg.citation_class_map_t[config.CitationClass] or config.CitationClass) ); 	local template_link = '' .. template_name .. ''; 	local msg_prefix = ': ';  	if 0 ~= #z.error_msgs_t then 		mw.addWarning (utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.warning_msg_e, template_link));  		table.insert (render_t, ' ');											-- insert a space between citation and its error messages 		table.sort (z.error_msgs_t);											-- sort the error messages list; sorting includes wrapping <span> and <code> tags; hidden-error sorts ahead of visible-error  		local hidden = true;													-- presume that the only error messages emited by this template are hidden 		for _, v in ipairs (z.error_msgs_t) do									-- spin through the list of error messages 			if v:find ('cs1-visible-error', 1, true) then						-- look for the visible error class name 				hidden = false;													-- found one; so don't hide the error message prefix 				break;															-- and done because no need to look further 			end 		end  		z.error_msgs_t[1] = table.concat ({utilities.error_comment (msg_prefix, hidden), z.error_msgs_t[1]});	-- add error message prefix to first error message to prevent extraneous punctuation 		table.insert (render_t, table.concat (z.error_msgs_t, '; '));			-- make a big string of error messages and add it to the rendering 	end  	if 0 ~= #z.maint_cats_t then 		mw.addWarning (utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.warning_msg_m, template_link));  		table.sort (z.maint_cats_t);											-- sort the maintenance messages list  		local maint_msgs_t = {};												-- here we collect all of the maint messages  		if 0 == #z.error_msgs_t then											-- if no error messages 			table.insert (maint_msgs_t, msg_prefix);							-- insert message prefix in maint message livery 		end 		 		for _, v in ipairs( z.maint_cats_t ) do									-- append maintenance categories 			table.insert (maint_msgs_t, 										-- assemble new maint message and add it to the maint_msgs_t table 				table.concat ({v, ' (', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[':cat wikilink'], v), ')'}) 				); 		end 		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['hidden-maint'], table.concat (maint_msgs_t, ' ')));	-- wrap the group of maint messages with proper presentation and save 	end  	if not no_tracking_cats then 		local sort_key; 		local cat_wikilink = 'cat wikilink'; 		if cfg.enable_sort_keys then											-- when namespace sort keys enabled 			local namespace_number = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace;		-- get namespace number for this wikitext 			sort_key = (0 ~= namespace_number and (cfg.name_space_sort_keys[namespace_number] or cfg.name_space_sort_keys.other)) or nil;	-- get sort key character; nil for mainspace 			cat_wikilink = (not sort_key and 'cat wikilink') or 'cat wikilink sk';	-- make <cfg.messages> key 		end				  		for _, v in ipairs (z.error_cats_t) do									-- append error categories 			table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[cat_wikilink], {v, sort_key})); 		end 		if cfg.id_limits_data_load_fail then									-- boolean true when load failed 			utilities.set_message ('maint_id_limit_load_fail');					-- done here because this maint cat emits no message 		end 		for _, v in ipairs (z.maint_cats_t) do									-- append maintenance categories 			table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[cat_wikilink], {v, sort_key})); 		end 		for _, v in ipairs (z.prop_cats_t) do									-- append properties categories 			table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['cat wikilink'], v));	-- no sort keys 		end 	end  	return table.concat (render_t);												-- make a big string and done end  --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E >--------------------------------------------------------------  Looks for a parameter's name in one of several whitelists.  Parameters in the whitelist can have three values: 	true - active, supported parameters 	false - deprecated, supported parameters 	nil - unsupported parameters 	 ]]  local function validate (name, cite_class, empty) 	local name = tostring (name); 	local enum_name;															-- parameter name with enumerator (if any) replaced with '#' 	local state; 	local function state_test (state, name)										-- local function to do testing of state values 		if true == state then return true; end									-- valid actively supported parameter 		if false == state then 			if empty then return nil; end										-- empty deprecated parameters are treated as unknowns 			deprecated_parameter (name);										-- parameter is deprecated but still supported 			return true; 		end 		if 'tracked' == state then 			local base_name = name:gsub ('%d', );								-- strip enumerators from parameter names that have them to get the base name 			utilities.add_prop_cat ('tracked-param', {base_name}, base_name);	-- add a properties category; <base_name> modifies <key> 			return true; 		end 		return nil; 	end		  	if name:find ('#') then														-- # is a cs1|2 reserved character so parameters with # not permitted 		return nil; 	end 																				-- replace enumerator digit(s) with # (|last25= becomes |last#=) (mw.ustring because non-Western 'local' digits) 	enum_name = mw.ustring.gsub (name, '%d+$', '#');							-- where enumerator is last charaters in parameter name (these to protect |s2cid=) 	enum_name = mw.ustring.gsub (enum_name, '%d+([%-l])', '#%1');				-- where enumerator is in the middle of the parameter name; |author#link= is the oddity  	if 'document' == cite_class then											-- special case for  		state = whitelist.document_parameters_t[enum_name];						-- this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters 		if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end 		 		return false; 	end  	if utilities.in_array (cite_class, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then	-- limited parameter sets allowed for these templates 		state = whitelist.limited_parameters_t[enum_name];						-- this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters 		if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end  		state = whitelist.preprint_arguments_t[cite_class][name];				-- look in the parameter-list for the template identified by cite_class 		if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end  		return false;															-- not supported because not found or name is set to nil 	end																			-- end limited parameter-set templates  	if utilities.in_array (cite_class, whitelist.unique_param_template_list_t) then 	-- template-specific parameters for templates that accept parameters from the basic argument list 		state = whitelist.unique_arguments_t[cite_class][name];					-- look in the template-specific parameter-lists for the template identified by cite_class 		if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end 	end																			-- if here, fall into general validation  	state = whitelist.common_parameters_t[enum_name];							-- all other templates; all normal parameters allowed; this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters 	if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end  	return false;																-- not supported because not found or name is set to nil end  --[=[-------------------------< I N T E R _ W I K I _ C H E C K >----------------------------------------------  check <value> for inter-language interwiki-link markup.  <prefix> must be a MediaWiki-recognized language code.  when these values have the form (without leading colon): 	[[<prefix>:link|label]] return label as plain-text 	[[<prefix>:link]] return <prefix>:link as plain-text  return value as is else  ]=]  local function inter_wiki_check (parameter, value) 	local prefix = value:match ('%[%[(%a+):');									-- get an interwiki prefix if one exists 	local _; 	 	if prefix and cfg.inter_wiki_map[prefix:lower()] then						-- if prefix is in the map, needs preceding colon so 		utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', parameter);					-- emit an error message 		_, value, _ = utilities.is_wikilink (value);							-- extract label portion from wikilink 	end 	return value; end  --[[--------------------------< M I S S I N G _ P I P E _ C H E C K >------------------------------------------  Look at the contents of a parameter. If the content has a string of characters and digits followed by an equal sign, compare the alphanumeric string to the list of cs1|2 parameters.  If found, then the string is possibly a parameter that is missing its pipe.  There are two tests made: 		-- the first parameter has a value and whitespace separates that value from the missing pipe parameter name 				-- the first parameter has no value (whitespace after the first = is trimmed by MediaWiki) cs1|2 shares some parameter names with XML/HTML attributes: class=, title=, etc.  To prevent false positives XML/HTML tags are removed before the search.  If a missing pipe is detected, this function adds the missing pipe maintenance category.  ]]  local function missing_pipe_check (parameter, value) 	local capture; 	value = value:gsub ('%b<>', );											-- remove XML/HTML tags because attributes: class=, title=, etc.  	capture = value:match ('%s+(%a[%w%-]+)%s*=') or value:match ('^(%a[%w%-]+)%s*=');	-- find and categorize parameters with possible missing pipes 	if capture and validate (capture) then										-- if the capture is a valid parameter name 		utilities.set_message ('err_missing_pipe', parameter); 	end end  --[[--------------------------< H A S _ E X T R A N E O U S _ P U N C T >--------------------------------------  look for extraneous terminal punctuation in most parameter values; parameters listed in skip table are not checked  ]]  local function has_extraneous_punc (param, value) 	if 'number' == type (param) then 		return; 	end 	 	param = param:gsub ('%d+', '#');											-- enumerated name-list mask params allow terminal punct; normalize  	if cfg.punct_skip[param] then 		return;																	-- parameter name found in the skip table so done 	end 	 	if value:match ('[,;:]$') then 		utilities.set_message ('maint_extra_punct');							-- has extraneous punctuation; add maint cat 	end 	if value:match ('^=') then													-- sometimes an extraneous '=' character appears ... 		utilities.set_message ('maint_extra_punct');							-- has extraneous punctuation; add maint cat 	end end  --[[--------------------------< H A S _ T W L _ U R L >--------------------------------------------------------  look for The Wikipedia Library urls in url-holding parameters.  TWL urls are accessible for readers who are not active extended confirmed Wikipedia editors.  This function emits an error message when such urls are discovered.  looks for: '.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org'  ]]  local function has_twl_url (url_params_t) 	local url_error_t = {};														-- sequence of url-holding parameters that have a TWL url 	 	for param, value in pairs (url_params_t) do 		if value:find ('%.wikipedialibrary%.idm%.oclc%.org') then				-- has the TWL base url? 			table.insert (url_error_t, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', param));	-- add parameter name to the list 		end 	end 	if 0 ~= #url_error_t then													-- non-zero when there are errors 		table.sort (url_error_t); 		utilities.set_message ('err_param_has_twl_url', {utilities.make_sep_list (#url_error_t, url_error_t)});	-- add this error message 		return true; 	end end  --[[--------------------------< H A S _ E X T R A N E O U S _ U R L >------------------------------------------  look for extraneous url parameter values; parameters listed in skip table are not checked  ]]  local function has_extraneous_url (non_url_param_t) 	local url_error_t = {}; 	 	check_for_url (non_url_param_t, url_error_t);								-- extraneous url check 	if 0 ~= #url_error_t then													-- non-zero when there are errors 		table.sort (url_error_t); 		utilities.set_message ('err_param_has_ext_link', {utilities.make_sep_list (#url_error_t, url_error_t)});	-- add this error message 	end end  --[[--------------------------< _ C I T A T I O N >------------------------------------------------------------  Module entry point  	frame – from template call (citation()); may be nil when called from another module 	args – table of all cs1|2 parameters in the template (the template frame) 	config – table of template-supplied parameter (the #invoke frame)  ]]  local function _citation (frame, args, config)									-- save a copy in case we need to display an error message in preview mode 	if not frame then 		frame = mw.getCurrentFrame();											-- if called from another module, get a frame for frame-provided functions 	end 																				-- i18n: set the name that your wiki uses to identify sandbox subpages from sandbox template invoke (or can be set here) 	local sandbox = ((config.SandboxPath and  ~= config.SandboxPath) and config.SandboxPath) or '/sandbox';	-- sandbox path from  	is_sandbox = nil ~= string.find (frame:getTitle(), sandbox, 1, true);		-- is this invoke the sandbox module? 	sandbox = is_sandbox and sandbox or ;										-- use i18n sandbox to load sandbox modules when this module is the sandox; live modules else  	cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration' .. sandbox);			-- load sandbox versions of support modules when ; live modules else 	whitelist = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist' .. sandbox); 	utilities = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities' .. sandbox); 	validation = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation' .. sandbox); 	identifiers = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers' .. sandbox); 	metadata = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/COinS' .. sandbox);  	utilities.set_selected_modules (cfg);										-- so that functions in Utilities can see the selected cfg tables 	identifiers.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);							-- so that functions in Identifiers can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module 	validation.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);							-- so that functions in Date validataion can see selected cfg tables and the selected Utilities module 	metadata.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);								-- so that functions in COinS can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module  	z = utilities.z;															-- table of error and category tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities  	is_preview_mode = not utilities.is_set (frame:preprocess (''));  	local suggestions = {};														-- table where we store suggestions if we need to loadData them 	local error_text;															-- used as a flag  	local capture;																-- the single supported capture when matching unknown parameters using patterns 	local empty_unknowns = {};													-- sequence table to hold empty unknown params for error message listing 	for k, v in pairs( args ) do												-- get parameters from the parent (template) frame 		v = mw.ustring.gsub (v, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1');							-- trim leading/trailing whitespace; when v is only whitespace, becomes empty string 		if v ~=  then 			if ('string' == type (k)) then 				k = mw.ustring.gsub (k, '%d', cfg.date_names.local_digits);		-- for enumerated parameters, translate 'local' digits to Western 0-9 			end 			if not validate( k, config.CitationClass ) then			 				if type (k) ~= 'string' then									-- exclude empty numbered parameters 					if v:match("%S+") ~= nil then 						error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_text_ignored', {v}); 					end 				elseif validate (k:lower(), config.CitationClass) then  					error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, k:lower()});	-- suggest the lowercase version of the parameter 				else 					if nil == suggestions.suggestions then						-- if this table is nil then we need to load it 						suggestions = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' .. sandbox);	--load sandbox version of suggestion module when ; live module else 					end 					for pattern, param in pairs (suggestions.patterns) do		-- loop through the patterns to see if we can suggest a proper parameter 						capture = k:match (pattern);							-- the whole match if no capture in pattern else the capture if a match 						if capture then											-- if the pattern matches  							param = utilities.substitute (param, capture);		-- add the capture to the suggested parameter (typically the enumerator) 							if validate (param, config.CitationClass) then		-- validate the suggestion to make sure that the suggestion is supported by this template (necessary for limited parameter lists) 								error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, param});	-- set the suggestion error message 							else 								error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {k});	-- suggested param not supported by this template 								v = ;											-- unset 							end 						end 					end 					if not utilities.is_set (error_text) then					-- couldn't match with a pattern, is there an explicit suggestion?						 						if (suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ] ~= nil) and validate (suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ], config.CitationClass) then 							utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ]}); 						else 							utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {k}); 							v = ;												-- unset value assigned to unrecognized parameters (this for the limited parameter lists) 						end 					end 				end				   			end  			args[k] = v;														-- save this parameter and its value  		elseif not utilities.is_set (v) then									-- for empty parameters 			if not validate (k, config.CitationClass, true) then				-- is this empty parameter a valid parameter 				k = ( == k) and '(empty string)' or k;						-- when k is empty string (or was space(s) trimmed to empty string), replace with descriptive text 				table.insert (empty_unknowns, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', k));	-- format for error message and add to the list 			end 																				-- crude debug support that allows us to render a citation from module  TODO: keep? 	--	elseif args[k] ~= nil or (k == 'postscript') then						-- when args[k] has a value from  frame (we don't normally do that) 	--		args[k] = v;														-- overwrite args[k] with empty string from pframe.args[k] (template frame); v is empty string here 		end																		-- not sure about the postscript bit; that gets handled in parameter validation; historical artifact? 	end	  	if 0 ~= #empty_unknowns then												-- create empty unknown error message 		utilities.set_message ('err_param_unknown_empty', { 			1 == #empty_unknowns and  or 's', 			utilities.make_sep_list (#empty_unknowns, empty_unknowns) 			}); 	end  	local non_url_param_t = {};													-- table of parameters and values that are not url-holding parameters 	local url_param_t = {};														-- table of url-holding paramters and their values  	for k, v in pairs( args ) do 		if 'string' == type (k) then											-- don't evaluate positional parameters 			has_invisible_chars (k, v);											-- look for invisible characters 		end 		has_extraneous_punc (k, v);												-- look for extraneous terminal punctuation in parameter values 		missing_pipe_check (k, v);												-- do we think that there is a parameter that is missing a pipe? 		args[k] = inter_wiki_check (k, v);										-- when language interwiki-linked parameter missing leading colon replace with wiki-link label  		if 'string' == type (k) then											-- when parameter k is not positional 			if not cfg.url_skip[k] then											-- and not in url skip table 				non_url_param_t[k] = v;											-- make a parameter/value list for extraneous url check 			else																-- and is in url skip table (a url-holding parameter) 				url_param_t[k] = v;												-- make a parameter/value list to check for values that are The Wikipedia Library url 			end 		end 	end  	has_extraneous_url (non_url_param_t);										-- look for url in parameter values where a url does not belong 	if has_twl_url (url_param_t) then												-- look for url-holding parameters that hold a The Wikipedia Library url 		args['url-access'] = 'subscription'; 	end 	return table.concat ({ 		frame:extensionTag ('templatestyles', '', {src='Module:Citation/CS1' .. sandbox .. '/styles.css'}), 		citation0( config, args) 	}); end  --[[--------------------------< C I T A T I O N >--------------------------------------------------------------  Template entry point  ]]  local function citation (frame) 	local config_t = {};														-- table to store parameters from the module  	local args_t = frame:getParent().args;										-- get template's preset parameters  	for k, v in pairs (frame.args) do											-- get parameters from the  frame 		config_t[k] = v; 	--	args_t[k] = v;															-- crude debug support that allows us to render a citation from module ; skips parameter validation; TODO: keep? 	end	 	return _citation (frame, args_t, config_t) end  --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D   F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------ ]]  return { 	citation = citation,														-- template entry point 	 	_citation = _citation,														-- module entry point 	}