এই নীতিতালিকায় কীভাবে কোনো নিবন্ধের উৎস নির্দেশ করতে হবে তা বর্ণনা করা আছে।  উইকিপিডিয়া:যাচাইযোগ্যতা, যেটা একটা নীতি; এই নীতে বলা আছে যে, যে বিষয়বস্তু দরকার তার সরাসরি উদ্ধৃতিসমূহ চ্যালেঞ্জকৃত হতে হবে বা চ্যালেঞ্জ করতে হবে। যেসকল বিষয়বস্তু চ্যালেঞ্জ করা হয়েছে এবং নির্দিষ্ট একটি সময়ের মধ্যে উপযুক্ত সূত্র পাওয়া যায় নি (জীবিত ব্যক্তির ক্ষেত্রে এই সময়টি হবে খুবই কম) তা যেকোনো সম্পাদকের দ্বারা মুছে ফেলা সম্ভব। জীবিত ব্যক্তির জীবনীমূলক নিবন্ধের ক্ষেত্রে উৎস নির্দেশের গুরুত্ব জানতে দেখুন: উইকিপিডিয়া:জীবিত ব্যক্তির জীবনী, এবং এটাও নীতিমালার একটি অংশ।  আপনি যদি না জানেন কীভাবে একটি উৎসের কাঠামো তৈরি করতে হয়, তবে আপনার সাধ্যমতো বেশি পরিমাণ তথ্য দিয়ে দিন; অন্যরা সেটাকে ঠিকভাবে লিখে দেবেন।  কেন উৎস নির্দেশিত হতে হয়? উইকিপিডিয়া হল এর নিজস্ব প্রকৃতির বিস্তৃত বিভিন্ন ধরনের জ্ঞান ও দক্ষতাসম্পন্ন জনতার দ্বারা এক কর্মকাণ্ড। পাঠককে ইহা নিশ্চিত করা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ, এতে যে বিষয় আছে তা বিশ্বাসযোগ্য; বিশেষভাবে যেখানে জীবিত ব্যক্তি অথবা বিতর্কিত বিষয়ে বিবৃতি দেওয়া হয় । আপনার সূত্রগুলো উল্লেখের প্রয়োজনীয়তা নিম্নরূপ : যেন বিষয়বস্তুর তথ্যগুলো যেকোনো পাঠক অথবা সম্পাদক পরীক্ষা করতে পারে এটা নিশ্চিত করা এটা প্রমাণ করা যে, আপনার সম্পাদনা কোন প্রাথমিক গবেষণা নয় ।  সম্পাদকীয় বিতর্ক কমানো অন্যের রচনার স্বত্ব সংরক্ষণ করা । হুবহু নকল এবং স্বত্বাধিকার সম্পর্কিত অভিযোগ এড়িয়ে চলা  বিষয়ের ওপর ব্যবহারকারীদের বাড়তি তথ্য দিয়ে সাহায্য করা  জীবিত ব্যক্তিদের সম্পর্কে তথ্য নিশ্চিতকরণ  উইকিপিডিয়ার সম্পাদনার নির্ভরযোগ্যতা নিশ্চিতকরণ  যেকোন উদ্ধৃতি স্পষ্ট, সম্পূর্ণ, এবং যতটা সম্ভব সঠিকভাবে উদ্ধৃত করা উচিত ; যেন পাঠক উৎস উপাদান, যেমনঃ বহিরাগত উৎস ওয়েবসাইটের লিঙ্ক খুঁজে পেতে পারেন। যদি উপাদান অনলাইনে অনুসন্ধানযোগ্য না হয়, তবে এটি সুপরিচিত লাইব্রেরি, আর্কাইভ বা সংগ্রহের থেকে নেওয়া উচিত। যদি কোন বহিরাগত লিঙ্ক ছাড়াই একটি উদ্ধৃতি অপ্রচলিত হিসাবে চ্যালেঞ্জ করা হয়, তবে নিম্নলিখিত কোনটি একটি (যুক্তিসঙ্গতভাবে খুঁজে পাওয়া যায় এমন উপাদান) দেখানো যথেষ্ট (যদিও এটি  নির্ভরযোগ্য নয়): ISBN বা ওসিএলসি সংখ্যা;  উৎস সম্পর্কে একটি প্রতিষ্ঠিত উইকিপিডিয়া নিবন্ধের লিঙ্ক (কাজ, এটির লেখক বা তার প্রকাশক); বা  এ প্রসঙ্গে সরাসরি আলোচনা পাতার সামগ্রী উদ্ধৃত করে, সংক্ষিপ্তভাবে ।  শর্তাবলির ব্যবহার এই নির্দেশিকা 'উৎস', 'সম্পর্ক', ' উদ্ধৃতি' ও 'উল্লেখ'  পরস্পর বদলযোগ্য পরিভাষাগুলো ব্যবহার করে।  যখন উৎস উল্লিখিত হবে  The list of featured-article criteria calls for citations where appropriate. This page clarifies that requirement. This list is not exhaustive, and the examples are suggestions only. Each case must be dealt with on its merits.   যখন বিষয়বস্তু যোগ করা প্রতিযোগিতা বা প্রতিযোগিতামূলক হয়   wp: যাচাইযোগ্যতা:   সমস্ত উদ্ধৃতি এবং প্রতিদ্বন্দ্বিতা করার সম্ভাবনাময় বা সম্ভাব্য উপাদানগুলি একটি নির্ভরযোগ্য, প্রকাশিত উত্সের জন্য একটি অনলাইন উদ্ধৃতি ব্যবহার করা উচিত। "  একটি নির্দিষ্ট বিষয়ে অন্য কারোর মতামত সম্পর্কে লেখার সময় উদ্ধৃতি প্রদান করা বিশেষভাবে প্রয়োজন । উইকিপিডিয়া: ভ্রাম্যমান শব্দগুলি এড়িয়ে চলুন ভাসমান শব্দগুলি এড়িয়ে চলুন] যেখানে সম্ভব, যেমন "কিছু লোক বলে ..." এর পরিবর্তে, আপনার লেখা ডাব্লু WP: যাচাইযোগ্যতা যাচাইকরণযোগ্য করুন: কোন নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা গোষ্ঠীর মতামত বা কোন সম্মানজনক প্রকাশনার একটি উদ্ধৃতি দিতে হলে, তারা যে মতামত দিয়েছেন তা-ই প্রকাশ করুন ।মনে রাখবেন যে, উইকিপিডিয়া আপনার নিজস্ব মতামত বা  মূল গবেষণার জন্য কোন স্থান নয়। বিশেষজ্ঞ মতামত, তথ্য, পরিসংখ্যান, এবং বৈজ্ঞানিক কাজের উপর ভিত্তি করে বিবৃতি প্রদান এবং উদ্ধৃত করা উচিত ; একইসাথে এগুলোর লেখকদের উল্লেখ করা জরুরি।  যেহেতু এটি বাংলা উইকিপিডিয়া, যখনই সম্ভব বাংলা ভাষা কিংবা সমতুল্য অন্য কোন ভাষার উৎস (তথ্যসূত্র) ব্যবহার করা উত্তম। যদি অন্যান্য ভাষার ( যেখানে উপযুক্ত একটি ভিন্ন ভাষা থেকে প্রাপ্ত) উৎস থেকে উদ্ধৃতি প্রদান করা হয়, তবে বাংলা অনুবাদটির পাশে মূল ভাষার উদ্ধৃতি দেওয়া উচিত। আরও দেখুন:  উইকিপিডিয়া: যাচাইযোগ্যতা # অ বাংলা উৎস।  যখন কাউকে উদ্ধৃত করা হয়  প্রকাশিত উপাদান উদ্ধৃত করার সময় আপনাকে সর্বদা একটি উদ্ধৃতি যোগ করা উচিত এবং উদ্ধৃতিটি সরাসরি (বা ঠিক আগে) উদ্ধৃতিটি স্থাপন করা উচিত, যা ডবল উদ্ধৃতি চিহ্ন এবং MDASH এর মধ্যে আবদ্ধ করা উচিত; "এই মত" & mdash; অথবা একক উদ্ধৃতি চিহ্ন যদি এটি একটি উদ্ধৃতি-মধ্যে-উদ্ধৃতি এবং mdash হয়; "এবং এখানে একটি উদাহরণ হিসাবে যেমন একটি 'উদ্ধৃতি'।" দীর্ঘ উদ্ধৃতি জন্য, আপনি ব্যবহার করতে চান Quotation templates.  যখন কোনো জীবিত ব্যক্তির জীবনীতে বিষয়বস্তু যোগ করা হয়  জীবিত ব্যক্তিদের জীবনী আইনগত এবং নৈতিক কারণে বিশেষ যত্ন সহকারে সংগ্রহ করা উচিত। জীবিত ব্যক্তিদের সম্পর্কে সমস্ত বিতর্কিত উপাদানে অবশ্যই নির্ভরযোগ্য উৎসের উল্লেখ থাকতে হবে। আপনি যদি একজন জীবিত ব্যক্তির সম্পর্কে উৎসহীন বা খারাপভাবে উৎসারিত বিতর্কিত উপাদান খুঁজে পান - হোক তা একটি নিবন্ধে বা একটি আলাপ পাতায় - অবিলম্বে সেটি সরিয়ে ফেলুন! Do not leave it in the article while you request a source. Do not move it to the talk page. This applies whether the material is in a biography or any other article.  যখন অন্যদের দ্বারা সংশোধিত বিষয়সূচি যুক্ত হয় আপনি যেই বিষয়গুলো সম্পর্কে লিখেননি সেগুলো সম্পর্কে ও আপনি উৎস যোগ করতে পারবেন। উদ্ধৃতি যোগ করা উইকিপিডিয়ায় অবদান রাখার জন্য চমৎকার একটি উপায়। See Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check for organized efforts to add citations.  যখন একটি ছবি আপলোড করা হয়  Images must include source details and a copyright tag on the image description page. It is important that you list the author of the image if known (especially if different from the source), which is important both for copyright and for informational purposes. Some copyright licenses require that the original author receive credit for their work. If you download an image from the web, you should give the URL:  Source: Downloaded from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4280841.stm  If you got the image from an offline source, you should specify: Source: Scanned from public record #5253 on file with Anytown, Somestate public surveyor  Any image with a non-free copyright license must be accompanied by a non-free use rationale (also called a fair use rationale) for each article in which the image is used.  How to cite sources  Citation styles  There are a number of citation styles and systems used in different fields, all including the same information, with different punctuation use, and with the order of appearance varying for the author's name, publication date, title, and page numbers. Any style or system is acceptable on Wikipedia so long as articles are internally consistent. You should follow the style already established in an article, if it has one; where there is disagreement, the style or system used by the first editor to use one should be respected.  General references versus inline citations Articles can be supported with references in two ways: the provision of general references ("References") – books or other sources that support a significant amount of the material in the article – and inline citations ("Notes"), which are mandated by the featured article criteria and (to a lesser extent) the good article criteria. Inline citations are references within the text that provide source information for specific statements. They are appropriate for supporting statements of fact and are needed for statements that are challenged or likely to be challenged, including contentious material about living persons, and for all quotations.  আপনার তথ্যের সূত্র উল্লেখ করুন  এটা অশোভনীয় যে, আপনি কোন মধ্যবর্তী উৎস থেকে কোন উদ্ধৃতি নকল করবেন; যদিনা স্পষ্ট করে বলেন যে, আপনি শুধু ওই মধ্যবর্তী উৎসই দেখেছেন। উদাহরণস্বরূপ, আপনি হয়তো কোনো ওয়েবপেজে কোনো তথ্য পেতে পারেন, যেটা বলছে যে এটা অমুক বই থেকে নেওয়া। যদি আপনি নিজেই বইটি যাচাই না করে থাকেন, আপনার সূত্র কিন্তু ওয়েবপেজটি-ই, তাই ওয়েবপেজটি আপনাকে উল্লেখ করতেই হবে। এক্ষেত্রে আপনার প্রবন্ধের বিশ্বাসযোগ্যতা নির্ভর করে ওয়েবপেজ এবং বই দুটোরই ওপর। এটা আপনাকে স্পষ্ট করে বলে দিতে হবে।  Reference qualification in article text  Uncontentious statements do not necessarily require further qualification in the article text apart from their references. No further description would be needed with the following, for example:  The word caffeine comes from the French term for coffee: café."Caffeine" in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, 2000.  However, points which are more controversial, where there are contradictory studies or different opinions, may need to include more descriptive context. For example (from Super-recursive algorithm):  Martin Davis has described some of Burgin's claims as "misleading".Davis, Martin (2006), "The Church–Turing Thesis: Consensus and opposition". Proceedings, Computability in Europe 2006.  Lecture notes in computer science, 3988 pp. 125–132.  Here it is important to identify in the text exactly who is making the claim, since it would be inappropriate for Wikipedia to advocate that "Burgin's claims are misleading."  Provide full citations  All citation techniques require detailed full citations to be provided for each source used. Full citations must contain enough information for other editors to identify the specific published work you used.  Full citations for books typically include: the name of the author, the title of the book or article, the date of publication, and page numbers. The name of the publisher, city of publication, and ISBN are optional, although publisher is generally required for featured articles. For journal articles, include volume number, issue number (where the publication uses them) and page numbers. Citations for newspaper articles typically include the title of the article in quotes, the byline (author's name), the name of the newspaper in italics, date of publication, page number(s), and a comment with the date you retrieved it if it is online (invisible to the reader).   পৃষ্ঠা নম্বরগুলি সরবরাহ করুন  বই এবং নিবন্ধগুলি উদ্ধৃত করার সময়, উপযুক্ত পৃষ্ঠা নম্বর সরবরাহ করুন। পৃষ্ঠা নম্বরগুলি যখন কোনও নির্দিষ্ট উদ্ধৃতি বা একটি নির্দিষ্ট উদ্ধৃতি বা রেফারেন্সের সাথে একটি নির্দিষ্ট উদ্ধৃতি বা রেফারেন্সের সাথে একটি নির্দিষ্ট উদ্ধৃতি বা একটি নির্দিষ্ট উদ্ধৃতি বা নিবন্ধের একটি নির্দিষ্ট উদ্ধৃতি সহ অন্তর্ভুক্ত করা উচিত। বইটির সংস্করণটি রেফারেন্স বিভাগে অন্তর্ভুক্ত করা উচিত, বা পাদটীকা অন্তর্ভুক্ত করা উচিত, কারণ চিত্রনাট্যগুলি সংস্করণগুলির মধ্যে পরিবর্তন করতে পারে। লম্বা unindexed বইয়ের ক্ষেত্রে পৃষ্ঠা নম্বরগুলি বিশেষ করে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। একটি উদ্ধৃতি একটি বই বা নিবন্ধের একটি সাধারণ বর্ণনা বা যখন একটি বই বা নিবন্ধটি সম্পূর্ণরূপে একটি নির্দিষ্ট দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি উদাহরণস্বরূপ উদাহরণস্বরূপ ব্যবহার করা হয় তখন পৃষ্ঠা নম্বর প্রয়োজন হয় না।  Inline citation styles Author-date referencing  Background and rules According to The Oxford Style Manual, the author-date or Harvard system is the most commonly used reference method in the physical and social sciences (Ritter 2002). Author-date referencing can be especially useful when a single, large work has to be referenced by page number multiple times, as these separate citations would each require different footnotes.  Under the author-date referencing system, a reference source such as a book is cited in the text in parentheses, after the section, sentence, or paragraph for which the book was used as a source, using the surname of the author and the year of publication only, with the parentheses closing before the period, as in (Jones 2005). Page numbers must be included in a citation that accompanies a specific quotation from, or a paraphrase or reference to, a specific passage of a book or article. They usually follow the date in this way: (Author 2006:28) or (Author 2006, p.28).   A full reference is then placed at the end of the text in an alphabetized list of "References".  In article, common rules:   When the author of the reference is named as part of the text itself, put the year in parentheses; for example "Smith (2005) says..."  For two authors, use (Smith & Jones 2005); for three or more authors, use (Smith et al. 2005).  If the same author has published two books in 1996, and both are being referenced in the text, this is written as (Clancy 1996a) and (Clancy 1996b).  If the date of publication is unavailable, use "n.d." (meaning, no date)  Newspaper articles may use the name of the newspaper and the date of publication after the sentence (The Guardian, December 17, 2005).  A book published long after the original publication may be cited (Marx [1867] 1967).  For a quotation that is within the text and marked by quotation marks, the citation follows the end-quotation mark ("), and is placed before the period (.), "like this" (Smith 2005).  For a quotation that is indented, the citation is placed after the period, like the following. (Smith 2005)  In cases where the author is unknown: If the article is written for an organization or periodical then use its name, as in (Department of Transport 2001) or (National Geographic 2005), otherwise, use the article title, italicized, as in (Advertising in the Western Cape 1990:14).  In a "References" section at the end of the article:  For a book: in the case of (Author 2005a) and (Author 2005b), this might be:  Author, A. (2005a). Harvard Referencing, New York: Random House.  Author, A. (2005b). More Harvard Referencing, New York: Random House.   For an article: in the case of (Traynor 2005) or (The Guardian, December 17, 2005), this might be:   Traynor, I. "Judge tells Ankara to decide on fate of leading author", The Guardian, December 17, 2005.  How to write them Creating an anchor to the References section is highly recommended e.g. (Ritter 2002:40). To cite Ritter one would first create an anchor to Ritter's work in the References section: *<cite id=Ritter2002>Ritter, R. (2002). ''The Oxford Style Manual''. Oxford University Press. {{আইএসবিএন|0-19-860564-1}}</cite>  Then one would link to the anchor: [[#Ritter2002|Ritter 2002]] throughout the text, if necessary providing a page number. Author-date referencing is particularly useful for works which must be repeatedly referenced by page number; in the case of footnotes, one must create an entirely new footnote for each different page.  Otherwise, you may use a citation template to anchor author-date references.  গুগল বইয়ের পাতার সঙ্গে সংযোগ প্রদান   গুগল বই অনেকসময় নম্বর দেওয়া বইয়ের পাতাসমমূহকে সরাসরি সংযোগ দেওয়ার সুযোগ দেয়।  পাতার সংযোগ তখনই দেওয়া উচিৎ যখন তার প্রিভিউ উপলব্ধ থাকে; স্নিপেট ভিউতে এটি কার্যকর হবে না। মনে রাখুন স্থানভেদে এর প্রাপ্যতা নির্ভর করে। কোন সম্পাদকের জন্য এগুলো যুক্ত করা বাধ্যতামূলক না, কিন্তু যদি অন্য কেউ যুক্ত করে, তবে তা কারণ ছাড়া অপসারণ করা উচিৎ নয়; আরও তথ্যের জন্য দেখুন October 2010 RfC।  বহু পন্থায় এগুলো যুক্ত করা যায় (সূত্র উদ্ভৃতকরণ টেমপ্লেট সহ বা ছাড়া): Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Harvard University Press, 1971, p. 18. বা টেমপ্লেট সহ:  Rawls 1971, p. 18. Rawls 1971, p. 18. Rawls 1971, p. 18. Rawls 1971, 18.  সম্পাদনা মুডে, p. 18 of A Theory of Justice এর ইউআরএল এভাবে  টেমপ্লেটের মাধ্যমে যুক্ত করা যায়:  {{cite book |last=Rawls |first=John |title=A Theory of Justice |publisher=Harvard University Press |date=1971 |page=18 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=kvpby7HtAe0C&pg=PA18}}  অথবা এভাবে, উপরের উদাহরণগুলোর প্রথমটিতে, এভাবে হাতে লিখে: Rawls, John. [https://books.google.com/books?id=kvpby7HtAe0C&pg=PA18 ''A Theory of Justice'']. Harvard University Press, 1971, p. 18.  যকন পাতা নম্বর রোমান সংখ্যায় থাকে, যা সাধারণত বইগুলোর শুরুতে থাকে, তখন উআরএলগুলোকে এমন দেখায় পাতা xvii একই বইয়ের (রোমান সংখ্যা ১৭) :  https://books.google.com/books?id=kvpby7HtAe0C&pg=PR17  The &pg=PR17 indicates "page, Roman, 17", in contrast to the &pg=PA18, "page, Arabic, 18" the URL given earlier.  You can also link to a tipped-in page, such as an unnumbered page of images between two regular pages. (If the page contains an image that is protected by copyright, it will be replaced by a tiny notice saying "copyrighted image".) The URL for eleventh tipped-in page inserted after page 304 of The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, looks like this:  https://books.google.com/books?id=dBs4CO1DsF4C&pg=PA304-IA11  The &pg=PA304-IA11 can be interpreted as "page, Arabic, 304; inserted after: 11".   Note that the ,  and  templates properly support links only in the  and  parameters. Placing links in the  or  parameters may not link properly and will cause mangled COinS metadata output.  There is a Wikipedia citation tool for Google Books that may be helpful.  Users may also link the quotation on Google Books to individual titles, via a short permalink which ends with their related ISBN, OCLC or LCCN numerical code, e.g.: http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0521349931, a permalink to the Google book with the ISBN code 0521349931. For further details, you may see How-to explanation on support.google.com.  Footnotes  What footnotes are used for A footnote is a note placed in the proper end section of a page to comment on a part of the main text, or to provide a reference (a source) for it. The connection between the relevant text and its footnote is indicated by a number or symbol which appears both after the relevant text and before the footnote. Footnotes are often used to add information that might be helpful to later fact-checkers, such as a quotation that supports your edit.  How to write them  Place a <ref> ... </ref> where you want a footnote reference number to appear in an article—type the text of the note between the ref tags.  Place <references/> or {{reflist}} in an otherwise empty "Notes" or "References" section near the end of the article—the list of notes will be automatically generated here. If you want to create two columns of notes, write {{reflist|2}}.  Example edit: The Sun is pretty big,<ref>Miller, E: "The Sun", page 23. Academic Press, 2005.</ref> but the Moon is not so big.<ref>Brown, R: "Size of the Moon", ''Scientific American'', 51(78):46</ref> The Sun is also quite hot.<ref>Miller, E: "The Sun", page 34. Academic Press, 2005.</ref> ==Notes== <references/>  Example rendered result: The Sun is pretty big,[1] but the Moon is not so big.[2] The Sun is also quite hot.[3]  Notes  ^ Miller, E: "The Sun", page 23. Academic Press, 2005. ^ Brown, R: "Size of the Moon", Scientific American, 51(78):46. ^ Miller, E: "The Sun", page 34. Academic Press, 2005.  Ref tags and punctuation  Material may be referenced mid-sentence, but footnotes are usually placed at the end of a sentence or paragraph. Footnotes at the end of a sentence or phrase are normally placed immediately after the punctuation, except for dashes, as recommended by the Chicago Manual of Style and other style guides.The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th ed. 1993, Clause 15.8, p. 494 - "The superior numerals used for note reference numbers in the text should follow any punctuation marks except the dash, which they precede. The numbers should also be placed outside closing parentheses." - See also CMoS Online, Style Q&A, Punctuation.Other style guides suggesting that superscript note reference numbers should generally be placed after punctuation include: Oxford/Hart's Rules, the MLA Style Manual, APA Style, Dictionary.com, IEEE style and Legal Blue Book Style (as well as the general exception for dashes, guides may variously make other exceptions for colons, semicolons and quotation marks). Some editors prefer the in-house style of journals such as Nature, which place references before punctuation. If an article has evolved using predominantly one style of ref tag placement, the whole article should conform to that style unless there is a consensus to change it.  অনুচ্ছেদ শিরোনাম  উইকিপিডিয়ায় পাদটীকার জন্য প্রস্তাবিত অধ্যায় নাম ব্যবহার করতে হয়:   ==টীকা== ==পাদটীকা== ==তথ্যসূত্র==  Shortened notes When footnotes are used, some editors find it helpful to maintain a separate "References" section, in which the sources that were used are listed in alphabetical order. With articles that have a lot of footnotes, it can be hard to see which sources have been used, particularly when the footnotes contain explanatory text. An ordered "References" section helps readers to see at a glance which references were used.  When a separate reference section is included and full citations are listed there in alphabetical order, with the footnotes in a separate section entitled "Notes" or "Footnotes", then shortened notes may be used, giving the author(s), publication year, or perhaps the title, and the page numbers, in place of the full detail.  Example edit: The Sun is pretty big,<ref>Miller 2005, p.23.</ref> but the Moon is not so big.<ref>Brown 2006, p.46.</ref> The Sun is also quite hot.<ref>Miller 2005, p.34.</ref> == Notes == {{reflist|2}} == References == *Brown, R (2006). "Size of the Moon", Scientific American, 51(78). *Miller, E (2005). "The Sun", Academic Press.  Example rendered result: The Sun is pretty big,[1] but the Moon is not so big.[2] The Sun is also quite hot.[3] Notes  ^ Miller 2005, p.23. ^ Brown 2006, p.46. ^ Miller 2005, p.34. References  Brown, R (2006). "Size of the Moon", Scientific American, 51(78). Miller, E (2005). "The Sun", Academic Press.  Shortened notes using titles rather than publication dates could look like this. ^ Miller "The Sun", p.23. ^ Brown "Size of the Moon", p.46. ^ Miller "The Sun", p.34.  In any case note that the full reference is only listed once, but can be cross-referred to multiple times from the shortened notes, for example for different page references.  Wikilinks to full references Wikilinks can be created from short note citations to their matching references, thus allowing the reader to click on the shortened note and easily navigate to its appropriate full reference.  See the "Further considerations (Wikilinks to full references)" page for more details.  Clearer editing with shortened notes Because footnotes work by placing the required content inside <ref> tags within the article text they necessarily break up the text to some degree when in edit mode. Article text can become difficult to read and maintain. In this respect well referenced articles can unfortunately suffer disproportionately in comparison to those not so well sourced.  In any case the disruptive effect can kept to a minimum by using shortened notes.  See the "Example edits for different methods" page for some comparative examples using shortened notes and full length references in footnotes. These offer representations of edit mode views with examples of how they render to the reader.  Well-maintained reference lists Another advantage of shortened notes is that they can be used in combination with source lists, like those used for general references. The disadvantage of those - that they do not tie to specific facts in the article - can thus be overcome.   Moreover, lists of sources ordered like in scientific articles (by author names, or in some cases by publication date) are easy to maintain and keep up to date by any user. Especially in well-sourced articles, footnoted references are not displayed in any particular order. In a monolithic reference list, is much easier to see at a glance whether a specific source has already been incorporated into the article.   And since the references are kept in one coherent block of code rather than strewn throughout the text, picking a specific source for further editing (e.g. adding ISBN, DOI or other detail) is also more convenient.  Embedded links  Web pages referenced in an article can be linked to directly by enclosing the URL in square brackets. For example, a reference to a newspaper article can be embedded like: [http://media.guardian.co.uk/site/story/0,14173,1601858,00.html], which looks like this:   A full citation is also required in a References section at the end of the article. Providing an access date for the link in a comment helps editors recover a link that has become unavailable.  *Plunkett, John. [http://media.guardian.co.uk/site/story/0,14173,1601858,00.html "Sorrell accuses Murdoch of panic buying"], ''The Guardian'', [[October 27]], [[2005]]. <!--accessed June 5, 2008-->  which appears as:  Plunkett, John. "Sorrell accuses Murdoch of panic buying", The Guardian, October 27, 2005.  Because of the difficulties in associating them with their appropriate full references, the use of embedded links for inline citations is not particularly recommended as a method of best practice.  Citation templates  The use of citation templates is neither encouraged nor discouraged. Templates may be used or removed at the discretion of individual editors, subject to agreement with other editors on the article. Because templates can be contentious, editors should not change an article with a distinctive citation format to another without gaining consensus.  How to use them There are (at least) two families of citation templates. The  template is intended to provide citations for many types of references. The other family has names of the form {{Cite xxx}} (for example,  and ). These two families produce different citation styles. For example, the {{Cite xxx}} family separates elements with a full stop, and gives page ranges as plain numbers, while the  template separates elements with a comma, and precedes page ranges with "pp." Thus, these two families should not be mixed in the same article.  The following construct using the  template produces a citation similar to the hand-formatted example citation in the Author-date referencing:How to write them subsection above: * {{Citation |last=Ritter |first=R. |year=2002 |title=The Oxford Style Manual |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-860564-1}} The  family of templates is available to produce author-date references in various formats with links matching the anchors produced by the  template.  The following example constructs would produce references with different formatting styles having links matching the anchor produced by the example above:  Construct  Result{{harv|Ritter|2002}}  {{harv|Ritter|2002|p=10}}  {{harv|Ritter|2002|pp=5-10}}  {{harvnb|Ritter|2002|pp=5-10}}  {{harvcol|Ritter|2002|pp=5-10}}  {{harvcolnb|Ritter|2002|pp=5-10}}  <ref>{{harvcolnb|Ritter|2002|pp=5-10}}</ref>  places  in a numbered footnote  It is possible to construct more exotic reference formats as well as to produce links with  family templates which match anchors produced by {{Cite xxx}} family templates (or any arbitrary anchor). The details are beyond the scope of this subsection, and can be found in the documentation of the individual templates.  Further reading/External links  An ==External links== or ==Further reading== section is placed near the end of an article and offers books, articles, and links to websites related to the topic that might be of interest to the reader. The section "Further reading" may include both online material and material not available online. If all recommended material is online, the section may be titled "External links".  All items used as sources in the article must be listed in the "References" or "Notes" section, and are usually not included in "Further reading" or "External links". However, if an item used as a reference covers the topic beyond the scope of the article, and has significant usefulness beyond verification of the article, you may want to include it here as well. This also makes it easier for users to identify all the major recommended resources on a topic.  The Wikipedia guideline for external links that are not used as sources can be found in উইকিপিডিয়া:বহিসংযোগ.  Convenience links  A "convenience link" is a link to source material on the Web posted by someone other than the original publisher or author. For example, a newspaper article no longer available on the newspaper's website may be hosted elsewhere. When offering convenience links, it is important to be reasonably certain that the convenience copy is a true copy of the original, without any changes or inappropriate commentary, and that it does not infringe the original publisher's copyright. Accuracy can be assumed when the hosting website appears reliable, but editors should always exercise caution, and ideally find and verify multiple copies of the material for contentious items.  Where several sites host a copy of the material, the site selected as the convenience link should be the one whose general content appears most in line with Wikipedia:Neutral point of view and Wikipedia:Verifiability.  Scrolling lists  Scrolling lists, for example of references, should never be used because of issues with readability, accessibility, printing, and site mirroring. Additionally, it cannot be guaranteed that such lists will display properly in all web browsers.  Dealing with citation problems  Unsourced material  If an article has no references, and you are unable to find them yourself, you can tag the article with the template , so long as the article is not nonsensical or a WP:BLP, in which case request admin assistance. If a particular claim in an article lacks citation and is doubtful, consider placing  after the sentence or removing it. Consider the following in deciding which action to take:  1. If a claim is doubtful but not harmful to the whole article or to Wikipedia, use the  tag, but remember to go back and remove the claim if no source is produced within a reasonable time.  2. If a claim is doubtful and harmful, you should remove it from the article; you may want to move it to the talk page and ask for a source, unless you regard it as very harmful or absurd, in which case it should not be posted to a talk page either. Use your common sense. All unsourced and poorly sourced contentious material about living persons should be removed from articles and talk pages immediately. It should not be tagged. See Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons and Wikipedia:Libel.  What to do when a reference link "goes dead"  When a link "goes dead" (see link rot and Wikipedia:Dead external links), it should be repaired or replaced, if possible. In most cases, one of the following approaches will give an acceptable alternative.  First, check the link to confirm that it is dead. The site may have been temporarily down or changed its linking structure. If the link has returned to service but has been labeled as a dead link, simply remove the labeling. See Template:dead link. Find a copy of the referenced document.  There may be a copy of the referenced document in a web archiving service.  If so, update the dead link to point to the copy of the referenced document. For the Internet Archive, go to http://www.webarchive.org/. Also, see Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine.  Note that there may be a delay of six months before a recent link shows up in the Internet Archive. For WebCite, go to http://www.webcitation.org, and use their search page. Find a substitute for the referenced document.  Enter key words or phrases or other content from the cited material into the referenced website's search engine, into a similar website's search engine, or into a general search engine such as Google.  (A search engine may hold a cached version of the dead link for a short time, which can help find a substitute.)  Or, browse the referenced document's website or similar websites.  If you find a new document that can serve as a substitute, update the dead link to refer to the new document. Deactivate the dead link, and keep the citation information if still appropriate to the article.  (This may happen, for example, when an online copy of material that originally appeared in print is no longer online.)  In the remaining citation, note that the dead link was found to be inactive on today's date. Even with an inactive link, the citation still records a source that was used, and provides a context for understanding archiving delays or for taking other actions.  In order to deactivate the dead link, do one of the following. Turn the dead link into plain text. Remove only enough of the dead link's wikitext or markup language or URI scheme (square brackets, "http://", and so on) so that clicking on the link does not take you to its destination.  This will make the link visible to both readers and editors of the article. Turn the dead link into an HTML comment.  Place HTML comment markup language around the link.  This will make the link disappear when reading the article, but will preserve the link for editors of the article.  If a dead link cannot be repaired or replaced, consider reworking the article section so that it no longer relies on the dead link.  Whether a dead link can or cannot be repaired or replaced, remember that Wikipedia policy (including policy on sources and biographies of living persons) still applies.  Consider doing further edits of the citation and cited material, if appropriate, to improve the article.  To help prevent dead links, consider citing reference sources using a persistent identifier such as a digital object identifier, if available; or consider archiving the referenced document online when writing the article section, if permitted by copyright.  Also, consider avoiding links to web pages that usually disappear after short periods of time, such as at some news sites.  Tools  Internet services   WebCite - tool to archive webpages to allow stable citation links.  OttoBib.com is a free tool to generate an alphabetized bibliography for books, using an input list of International Standard Book Number (ISBN) numbers, with output in MLA, APA, Chicago/Turabian, BibTeX, or Wikipedia format (also generates a permalink).  Zotero allows you to find articles in Mozilla Firefox and easily paste them into Wikipedia as citation templates using Ctrl-Alt-C.  If Ctrl-Alt-C does not work, right-click the article and select "Export Selected Item...", then choose "Wikipedia Citation Templates."  Citation creation tools  The following tools generate code for a citation template.  They require the following input:  DOI Universal Reference Formatter  PMID / PMC (PubMed Central) Universal Reference Formatter  Diberri Template builder  A Google scholar search Universal Reference Formatter  BibTeX Bibtex to Wikitext converter  ISBN {{Cite book}} generator  URL  WPCITE - A firefox add-in allowing you to create a partial  template. See the developer's page for details. Universal Reference Formatter   DOI Bot - Completes any partial references on a given page.  References must either contain a DOI, or enough fields to be uniquely found.  If you already have all the data required, but want to format it appropriately, you can use...  refToolbar: A Javascript gadget, allowing you to add a reference without leaving the edit page of the article you're editing  Reference generator: Performs the same task, but on an external website  Citation processing tools   User:CitationTool - tool for finding article-level citation errors and fixing them.  DOI bot - automatically fixes common errors in individual citations, and adds missing fields  Programming tools   Wikicite is a free program that helps editors to properly reference their Wikipedia contributions using citation templates. It is written in Visual Basic .NET, making it suitable only for users with the .NET Framework installed on Windows, or, for other platforms, the Mono alternative framework. Wikicite and its source code is freely available, see the developer's page for further details.  pubmed2wiki.xsl a XSL stylesheet transforming the XML output of pubmed to Wikipedia refs.  User:Richiez has tools to automatically handle citations for a whole article at a time. Converts occurences of {{pmid XXXX}} or {{isbn XXXX}} to properly formatted footnote or harvard style references. Written in ruby and requires a working installation with basic libraries.  আরও দেখুন   Wikipedia:Verification methods - listing examples of the most common ways that references are used in Wikipedia articles.  Wikipedia:Citing sources/example style – listing examples of full references using APA and Harvard referencing techniques.  Wikipedia:Citing sources/Example edits for different methods - showing comparative edit mode representations for different citation methods and techniques.  Wikipedia:Citing sources/Further considerations - information of additional interest.  Wikipedia:Citation templates – a full listing of various styles for citing all sorts of materials.  Wikipedia:Copyright problems – in case of text that has been copied verbatim inappropriately.  Wikipedia:Referencing for beginners – a simple practical guide to getting started.  Wikipedia:Scientific citation guidelines – guidelines for dealing with scientific and mathematical articles.  Wikipedia:WikiProject Citation cleanup - a group of people devoted to cleaning citations  টীকা  বিষয়শ্রেণী:উইকিপিডিয়া নীতিমালা ও নির্দেশাবলী