reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part L - CRANES, RIGGING, AND PERSONNEL LIFTING › Section 296-155-56415 - Qualifications for operators of below-the-hook lifting devices

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
Table 40 Qualifications for Operators of Below-the-Hook
				  Lifting Devices
Type of lifter
Knowledge of:
Any special operations or precautions;
All lifters
Manufacturer's suggested operating
								procedures;
Storage requirements of the lifter to protect it
								from damage.
Structural and mechanical
Application of the lifter to the load and
								adjustments, if any, that adapt the lifter to various sizes or kinds of
								loads;
Condition of the load, such as but not limited
								to:
Vacuum
*
Balance;
*
Surface cleanliness;
Close proximity
*
Flatness;
Lifting magnets
*
Bending;
*
Load thickness.
Remotely operated lifting magnets
Not exceeding the rated load of the lifting device
								nor the capacity of the hoisting equipment by the combined weight of the load,
								lifting device, and rigging;
The proper attachment of adapters to lifting for
								special load handling.
Vacuum
Charging of battery (if applicable);
Close proximity lifting magnets
The use and understanding of:
*
Meters;
*
Alarms.
Remotely operated lifting magnets
It is recommended that the operator demonstrates
								the ability to operate the lifter safely and as outlined above prior to using
								the lifter.
Statutory Authority:
					 RCW
					 49.17.010,
					 49.17.040,
					 49.17.050,
					 49.17.440,
					 49.17.060, and 29 C.F.R. 1926,
					 Subpart CC. 12-01-086, § 296-155-56415, filed 12/20/11, effective
					 2/1/12.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part L - CRANES, RIGGING, AND PERSONNEL LIFTING › Section 296-155-56420 - Operator certification - Written examination - Technical knowledge criteria

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
This appendix contains information for employers, accredited
				  testing organizations, auditors and government entities developing criteria for
				  a written examination to test an individual's technical knowledge relating to
				  the operation of cranes.
(1) General
				technical information.
(a) The functions and
				limitations of the crane and attachments.
(b) Wire rope:
(i) Background information necessary to
				understand the inspection and removal from service criteria in WAC
				296-155-53404.
(ii) Capacity and when multiple-part rope is
				needed.
(iii) Relationship between
				line pull and safe working load.
(iv) How to determine the manufacturer's
				recommended rope for the crane.
(c) Rigging devices and their use, such as:
(i) Slings.
(ii) Spreaders.
(iii) Lifting beams.
(iv) Wire rope fittings, such as clips,
				shackles and wedge sockets.
(v)
				Saddles (softeners).
(vi) Clamps
				(beams).
(d) The
				technical limitations of protective measures against electrical hazards:
(i) Grounding.
(ii) Proximity warning devices.
(iii) Insulated links.
(iv) Boom cages.
(v) Proximity to electric power lines, radii,
				and microwave structures.
(e) The effects of load share and load
				transfer in multicrane lifts.
(f)
				Basic crane terms.
(g) The basics
				of machine power flow systems.
(i)
				Mechanical.
(ii)
				Electrical.
(iii)
				Pneumatic.
(iv)
				Hydraulic.
(v)
				Combination.
(h) The
				significance of the instruments and gauge readings.
(i) The effects of thermal expansion and
				contraction in hydraulic cylinders.
(j) Background information necessary to
				understand the requirements of preoperation and inspection.
(k) How to use the safety devices and
				operational aids required under WAC
				296-155-53410 and
				296-155-53412.
(l) The difference between duty-cycle and
				lifting operations.
(m) How to
				calculate net capacity for every possible configuration of the equipment using
				the manufacturer's load chart.
(n)
				How to use manufacturer-approved attachments and their effect on the
				equipment.
(o) How to obtain
				dimensions, weight, and center of gravity of the load.
(p) The effects of dynamic loading from:
(i) Wind.
(ii) Stopping and starting.
(iii) Impact loading.
(iv) Moving with the load.
(q) The effect of side
				loading.
(r) The principles of
				backward stability.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part L - CRANES, RIGGING, AND PERSONNEL LIFTING › Section 296-155-56435 - Work area chart

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
Figure 47 Work Areas
Click to view
								image
(a) Carrier on Outriggers - Front Outrigger
								Behind of Front Wheels [Note (2)]
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								image
(b) Carrier on Outriggers - Front Outriggers
								Ahead of Front Wheels [Note (2)]
Click to view
								image
(c) Carrier on Tires [Note (2)]
Click to view
								image
(d) Crawler Type Lower
								[Note(2)]
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								image
(e) Notes (1) and (2)
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								image
(f) Notes (1) and (2)
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								image
(g) Notes (1) and (2)
Notes:
(1) These lines determine the limiting position of
								any load for operation within the working areas indicated.
(2) Configurations that deviate sufficiently from
								the work areas shown in these figures must have their working areas defined by
								appropriate sets of diagrams supplied by the manufacturer or an RPE.
Statutory Authority:
					 RCW
					 49.17.010,
					 49.17.040,
					 49.17.050,
					 49.17.440,
					 49.17.060, and 29 C.F.R. 1926,
					 Subpart CC. 12-01-086, § 296-155-56435, filed 12/20/11, effective
					 2/1/12.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part M - MOTOR VEHICLES, MECHANIZED EQUIPMENT, AND MARINE OPERATIONS › Section 296-155-600 - Definitions applicable to this part

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
Apron
. The area along the waterfront edge of
				  the pier or wharf.
Bearing cap
.
(a) A slab of reinforced concrete or a heavy timber and plank
				  platform covering the top of a group of piles for the purpose of typing them
				  together and transmitting to them as a group the superimposed load.
(b) A metal plate placed across the top of a steel tube pile
				  to distribute the load from the steel tube to the concrete.
Bearing pile
. A column of wood, metal or
				  concrete or a combination of two or more of these materials, driven, jacked, or
				  sunk with a water jet, into the earth to transmit and distribute loads to
				  strata below the surface.
Bulwark
. The side of a ship above the upper
				  deck.
Caisson pile
. A concrete pile case in an outer
				  casing consisting of a series of telescoping steel tubes, the top section being
				  the largest and usually 20 inches or more in diameter.
Coaming
. The raised frame, as around a hatchway
				  in the deck, to keep out water.
Composite pile
. A pile which consists of a
				  concrete pile superimposed on a wood pile.
Concrete pile.
*
Pedestal type
concrete pile means a
				  cast-in-place pile with an enlarged (mushroom) base or foot.
*
Tapered type
concrete pile means a
				  cast-in-place pile cast in a tapered metal shell.
Driving cap.
A device placed on the top of a
				  pile to prevent its breakage or injury during the driving operation.
H-pile.
A pile formed of a structural steel
				  column of "H" section.
Jacob's ladder
. A marine ladder of rope or chain
				  with wooden or metal rungs.
Pile driver.
A device or piece of equipment
				  used in driving piles.
Precast concrete pile
. A pile which is cast in a
				  form above ground.
Pretest
or
jack pile
. A steel
				  cylinder pile driven in section beneath an existing building and filled with
				  concrete.
Rail
. For the purpose of WAC
				  296-155-630, means a light
				  structure serving as a guard at the outer edge of a ship's deck.
Sheet piling
. A continuous vertical barricade
				  consisting of squared timbers driven edge to edge, either square edged or
				  tongued and grooved, or of a series of inter- locking steel shapes, to form a
				  temporary wall about an excavation, and shored and braced as necessary.
Steel-tube
. A concrete-filled steel cylinder,
				  consisting of an open or closed-end steel tube or cylinder.
Wood pile
. A pile which is formed from the trunk
				  of a tree or dimension timbers.
Order 74-26, § 296-155-600, filed 5/7/74, effective
					 6/6/74.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part M - MOTOR VEHICLES, MECHANIZED EQUIPMENT, AND MARINE OPERATIONS › Section 296-155-605 - Equipment

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
General
				requirements.
(a) All equipment left
				unattended at night, adjacent to a highway in normal use, or adjacent to
				construction areas where work is in progress, must have appropriate lights or
				reflectors, or barricades equipped with appropriate lights or reflectors, to
				identify the location of the equipment.
(b) All tire servicing of multipiece and
				single-piece rim wheels are subject to the requirements of chapter 296-864
				WAC.
(c)
(i) Heavy machinery, equipment, or parts
				thereof, which are suspended or held aloft by use of slings, hoists, or jacks
				must be substantially blocked or cribbed to prevent falling or shifting before
				employees are permitted to work under or between them. Bulldozer and scraper
				blades, end-loader buckets, dump bodies, and similar equipment, must be either
				fully lowered or blocked when being repaired or when not in use. All controls
				must be in a neutral position, with the motors stopped and brakes set, unless
				work being performed required otherwise.
(ii) Whenever the equipment is parked, the
				parking brake must be set. Equipment parked on inclines must have the wheels
				chocked and the parking brake set.
(d) The use, care and charging of all
				batteries must conform to the requirements of part I of this chapter.
(e) All cab glass must be safety glass, or
				equivalent, that introduces no visible distortion affecting the safe operation
				of any machine covered by this part.
(f) All equipment covered by this part must
				comply with the requirements of WAC
				296-155-428(1)(e)
				when working or being moved in the vicinity of power lines or energized
				transmitters.
(g) Where traffic is
				diverted onto dusty surfaces, you must maintain good visibility by the
				suppression of dust, through the periodic application of oil or water to the
				grade surface, as required.
(h) No
				equipment, vehicle, tool, or individual must operate within 10 feet of any
				power line or electrical distribution equipment except in conformity with the
				requirements of WAC
				296-155-77100(1)(h).
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part M - MOTOR VEHICLES, MECHANIZED EQUIPMENT, AND MARINE OPERATIONS › Section 296-155-630 - Marine operations and equipment

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
Material handling
				operations.
You must perform operations fitting the definition of
				  "material handling" shall be performed in conformance with applicable
				  requirements of "Safety and health regulations for longshoring." The term
				  "longshoring operations" means the loading, unloading, moving, or handling of
				  construction materials, equipment and supplies, etc. into, in, on, or out of
				  any vessel, from a fixed structure or shore-to-vessel, vessel-to-shore or fixed
				  structure or vessel-to-vessel.
(2)
Access to barges.
(a) Ramps for access of vehicles to or
				between barges must be of adequate strength, provided with side boards, well
				maintained, and properly secured.
(b) Unless employees can step safely to or
				from the wharf, float, barge, or river towboat, you must provide either a ramp,
				meeting the requirements of (a) of this subsection, or a safe
				walkway.
(c) Jacob's ladders must
				be of the double rung or flat tread type. You must maintain them well and
				properly secure them.
(d) A Jacob's
				ladder must either hang without slack from its lashings or be pulled up
				entirely.
(e) When the upper end of
				the means of access rests on or is flush with the top of the bulwark, you must
				ensure that substantial steps, properly secured and equipped with at least one
				substantial hand rail approximately 33 inches in height, are provided between
				the top of the bulwark and the deck.
(f) You must not lay obstructions on or
				across the gangway.
(g) The means
				of access must be adequately illuminated for its full length.
(h) Unless the structure makes it impossible,
				the means of access must be so located that the load will not pass over
				employees.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part N - EXCAVATION, TRENCHING, AND SHORING › Section 296-155-655 - General protection requirements

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
Surface encumbrances.
You
				must remove or support surface encumbrances that are located so as to create a
				hazard to employees, as necessary, to safeguard employees.
(2)
Underground installations.
(a) You must locate utility installations,
				such as sewer, telephone, fuel, electric, water lines, or any other underground
				installations that reasonably may be expected to be encountered during
				excavation work, prior to opening an excavation.
(b) You must contact utility companies or
				owners within established or customary local response times, advised of the
				proposed work, and asked to locate the underground utility installation prior
				to the start of actual excavation.
(c) When excavation operations approach the
				location of underground installations, you must determine the exact location of
				the installations by safe and acceptable means.
(d) While the excavation is open, you must
				protect underground installations, supported, or removed as necessary to
				safeguard employees.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part N - EXCAVATION, TRENCHING, AND SHORING › Section 296-155-657 - Requirements for protective systems

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
Protection of employees in
				excavations.
(a) You must protect each
				employee in an excavation from cave-ins by an adequate protective system
				designed in accordance with subsections (2) or (3) of this section except when:
(i) Excavations are made entirely in stable
				rock; or
(ii) Excavations are less
				than 4 feet (1.22m) in depth and examination of the ground by a competent
				person provides no indication of a potential cave-in.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part N - EXCAVATION, TRENCHING, AND SHORING › Section 296-155-66103 - Reserved

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW and
					 RCW
					 49.17.040, [49.17].050 and [49.17].060.
					 92-22-067 (Order 92-06), § 296-155-66103, filed 10/30/92, effective
					 12/8/92. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 91-03-044 (Order 90-18),
					 § 296-155-66103, filed 1/10/91, effective
					 2/12/91.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part N - EXCAVATION, TRENCHING, AND SHORING › Section 296-155-66105 - Reserved

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW and
					 RCW
					 49.17.040, [49.17].050 and [49.17].060.
					 92-22-067 (Order 92-06), § 296-155-66105, filed 10/30/92, effective
					 12/8/92. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 91-03-044 (Order 90-18),
					 § 296-155-66105, filed 1/10/91, effective
					 2/12/91.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part N - EXCAVATION, TRENCHING, AND SHORING › Section 296-155-66109 - Reserved

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW and
					 RCW
					 49.17.040, [49.17].050 and [49.17].060.
					 92-22-067 (Order 92-06), § 296-155-66109, filed 10/30/92, effective
					 12/8/92. Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 91-03-044 (Order 90-18),
					 § 296-155-66109, filed 1/10/91, effective
					 2/12/91.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part N - EXCAVATION, TRENCHING, AND SHORING › Section 296-155-664 - Appendices

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW and
					 RCW
					 49.17.040, [49.17].050 and [49.17].060.
					 92-22-067 (Order 92-06), § 296-155-664, filed 10/30/92, effective 12/8/92.
					 Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 91-03-044 (Order 90-18), §
					 296-155-664, filed 1/10/91, effective
					 2/12/91.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part N - EXCAVATION, TRENCHING, AND SHORING › Section 296-155-66401 - Appendix A-Soil classification

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
Scope and application.
(a) Scope. This appendix describes a method
				of classifying soil and rock deposits based on site and environmental
				conditions, and on the structure and composition of the earth deposits. The
				appendix contains definitions, sets forth requirements, and describes
				acceptable visual and manual tests for use in classifying soils.
(b) Application. This appendix applies when a
				sloping or benching system is designed in accordance with the requirements set
				forth in WAC
				296-155-657(2)(b)
				as a method of protection for employees from cave-ins. This appendix also
				applies when timber shoring for excavations is designed as a method of
				protection from cave-ins in accordance with appendix C to part N of this
				chapter, and when aluminum hydraulic shoring is designed in accordance with
				appendix D. This Appendix also applies if other protective systems are designed
				and selected for use from data prepared in accordance with the requirements set
				forth in WAC
				296-155-657(3),
				and the use of the data is predicated on the use of the soil classification
				system set forth in this appendix.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part N - EXCAVATION, TRENCHING, AND SHORING › Section 296-155-66405 - Appendix C-Timber shoring for trenches

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
Scope.
This appendix
				contains information that can be used when timber shoring is provided as a
				method of protection from cave-ins in trenches that do not exceed 20 feet (6.1
				m) in depth. This appendix must be used when design of timber shoring
				protective systems is to be performed in accordance with WAC
				296-155-657(3)(a).
				Other timber shoring configurations; other systems of support such as hydraulic
				and pneumatic systems; and other protective systems such as sloping, benching,
				shielding, and freezing systems must be designed in accordance with the
				requirements set forth in WAC
				296-155-657(2) and
				(3).
(2)
Soil classification.
In
				order to use the data presented in this appendix, the soil type or types in
				which the excavation is made must first be determined using the soil
				classification method set forth in appendix A of this part.
(3)
Presentation of information.
Information is presented in several forms as follows:
(a) Information is presented in tabular form
				in Tables N-2 through N-7 following subsection (7) of this appendix. Each table
				presents the minimum sizes of timber members to use in a shoring system, and
				each table contains data only for the particular soil type in which the
				excavation or portion of the excavation is made. The data are arranged to allow
				the user the flexibility to select from among several acceptable configurations
				of members based on varying the horizontal spacing of the crossbraces. Stable
				rock is exempt from shoring requirements and therefore, no data are presented
				for this condition.
(b) Information
				concerning the basis of the tabular data and the limitations of the data is
				presented in subsection (4) of this appendix, and on the tables
				themselves.
(c) Information
				explaining the use of the tabular data is presented in subsection (5) of this
				appendix.
(d) Information
				illustrating the use of the tabular data is presented in subsection (6) of this
				appendix.
(e) Miscellaneous
				notations regarding Tables N-2 through N-7 are presented in subsection (7) of
				this Appendix.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part N - EXCAVATION, TRENCHING, AND SHORING › Section 296-155-66407 - Appendix D-Aluminum hydraulic shoring for trenches

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
Scope.
This appendix
				contains information that can be used when aluminum hydraulic shoring is
				provided as a method of protection against cave-ins in trenches that do not
				exceed 20 feet (6.1m) in depth. This appendix must be used when design of the
				aluminum hydraulic protective system cannot be performed in accordance with WAC
				296-155-657(3)(b).
(2)
Soil Classification.
In
				order to use data presented in this appendix, you must first determine the soil
				type or types in which the excavation is made using the soil classification
				method set forth in appendix A of this Part.
(3)
Presentation of information.
Information is presented in several forms as follows:
(a) Information is presented in tabular form
				in Tables N-8 through N-11. Each table presents the maximum vertical and
				horizontal spacings that may be used with various aluminum member sizes and
				various hydraulic cylinder sizes. Each table contains data only for the
				particular soil type in which the excavation or portion of the excavation is
				made. Tables N-8 and N-9 are for vertical shores in Types A and B soil. Tables
				N-10 and N-11 are for horizontal waler systems in Types B and C soil.
(b) Information concerning the
				basis of the tabular data and the limitations of the data is presented in
				subsection (4) of this appendix.
(c) Information explaining the use of the
				tabular data is presented in subsection (5) of this appendix.
(d) Information illustrating the use of the
				tabular data is presented in subsection (6) of this appendix.
(e) Miscellaneous notations (footnotes)
				regarding Table N-8 through N-11 are presented in subsection (7) of this
				appendix.
(f) Figures, illustrating
				typical installations of hydraulic shoring, are included just prior to the
				Tables. The illustrations page is entitled "Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring: Typical
				Installations."
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part N - EXCAVATION, TRENCHING, AND SHORING › Section 296-155-66409 - Appendix E - Alternatives to timber shoring

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
Appendix E to part N - Alternatives to Timber
				  Shoring
Figure N-23, Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring
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								image
Figure N-24, Pneumatic/hydraulic Shoring
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								image
Figure N-25, Trench Jacks (Screw Jacks)
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								image
Figure N-26, Trench Shields
Click to view
								image
Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW and
					 RCW
					 49.17.040,[49.17].050 and [49.17].060.
					 92-22-067 (Order 92-06), § 296-155-66409, filed 10/30/92, effective
					 12/8/92.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part N - EXCAVATION, TRENCHING, AND SHORING › Section 296-155-66411 - Appendix F - Selection of protective systems

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
The following figures are a graphic summary of the
				  requirements contained in Part N for excavations 20 feet or less in depth.
				  Protective systems for use in excavations more than 20 feet in depth must be
				  designed by a registered professional engineer in accordance with WAC
				  296-155-657(2) and
				  (3).
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								image
FIGURE N-27 - PRELIMINARY
								DECISIONS
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								image
FIGURE N-28 - SLOPING OPTIONS
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								image
FIGURE N-29 - SHORING AND SHIELDING
								OPTIONS
Statutory Authority:
					 RCW
					 49.17.010, [49.17].040,[49.17].050 .
					 02-12-098, § 296-155-66411, filed 6/5/02, effective 8/1/02. Statutory
					 Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW and
					 RCW
					 49.17.040, [49.17].050 and [49.17].060.
					 92-22-067 (Order 92-06), § 296-155-66411, filed 10/30/92, effective
					 12/8/92.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part O - CONCRETE, CONCRETE FORMS, SHORING, AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION › Section 296-155-681 - Safe walking surfaces on concrete structural members

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
You must not use structural members with studs, dowels, or
				  shear connectors installed on the top side as a walkway and/or means of access
				  unless such studs, dowels, or shear connectors are covered with suitable
				  material and in such a manner as to provide a walking surface at least as
				  stable and free of hazards as the top surface of the member would provide
				  without attachments installed.
Note:
For the purpose of this section, "stud"
						  means all protruding metal attachments to structural members.
Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 89-11-035 (Order
					 89-03), § 296-155-681, filed 5/15/89, effective
					 6/30/89.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part O - CONCRETE, CONCRETE FORMS, SHORING, AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION › Section 296-155-682 - Requirements for equipment and tools

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
Bulk cement storage.
Bulk
				storage bins, containers, and silos must be equipped with the following:
(a)Conical or tapered bottoms; and
(b)Mechanical or pneumatic means of starting
				the flow of material.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part O - CONCRETE, CONCRETE FORMS, SHORING, AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION › Section 296-155-683 - Concrete finishing

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
				Scaffolds for use of cement finishers must comply with the requirements of
				chapter 296-874 WAC, Scaffolds.
(2)
				Where grinders, chippers, and other equipment is used which creates a thrust
				force while working on scaffolding, you must securely tie such scaffold to a
				structure or held in with weighted drop lines.
(3) You must provide grinding and dressing
				operations carried on within closed rooms, stairwells, elevator shafts, etc.,
				with forced air ventilation.
(4)
				Grinding machine operators must wear respirators whenever machines are in
				operation or where dust hazard exists.
(5) Eye protection must be worn by workers
				engaged in grinding, chipping, or sacking concrete as required by WAC
				296-155-215.
Statutory Authority:
					 RCW
					 49.17.010,
					 49.17.040,
					 49.17.050,
					 49.17.060 and chapter 49.17 RCW.
					 10-11-103, § 296-155-683, filed 5/18/10, effective 7/1/10. Statutory
					 Authority:
					 RCW
					 49.17.010, [49.17].040, [49.17].050 and
					 [49.17].060. 98-05-046, § 296-155-683, filed 2/13/98, effective 4/15/98.
					 Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 89-11-035 (Order 89-03), §
					 296-155-683, filed 5/15/89, effective
					 6/30/89.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part O - CONCRETE, CONCRETE FORMS, SHORING, AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION › Section 296-155-684 - Requirements for cast in place concrete

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
General requirements for formwork
				and placing and removal of forms.
(a)
				Formwork must be designed, fabricated, erected, supported, braced, and
				maintained so that it will be capable of supporting without failure all
				vertical and lateral loads that may reasonably be anticipated to be applied to
				the formwork. Formwork which is designed, fabricated, erected, supported,
				braced, and maintained in conformance with the Appendix to this section will be
				deemed to meet the requirements of this subdivision.
(b) Any form, regardless of size, must be
				planned in every particular and designed and constructed with an adequate
				factor of safety. In addition to computable loading, additional form pressures
				may result from impact during concrete placement, sudden lowering of
				temperatures retarding the set and increasing the liquid head or static
				pressure, vibrations of the form or concrete, uneven stressing resulting from
				failure or weakening of form members, or impact from concrete buckets or
				placing equipment. As a result, an adequate factor of safety is required to
				offset these unpredictable conditions.
(c) The thoroughness of planning and design
				must be governed by the size, complexity, and intended use of the form.
				Formwork which is complex in nature or which will be subjected to unusually
				high concrete pressures must be designed or approved for use by an engineer or
				experienced form designer.
(d) When
				moved or raised by crane, cableway, A-frame, or similar mechanical device,
				forms must be securely attached to slings having a minimum safety factor of 5.
				Use of No. 9 tie wire, fiber rope, and similar makeshift lashing is
				prohibited.
(e) Taglines must be
				used in moving panels or other large sections of forms by crane or
				hoist.
(f) All hoisting equipment,
				including hoisting cable used to raise and move forms must have a minimum
				safety factor incorporated in the manufacturer's design, and the manufacturer's
				recommended loading must not be exceeded. Field-fabricated or shop-fabricated
				hoisting equipment must be designed or approved by a registered professional
				engineer, incorporating a minimum safety factor of 5 in its design. Panels and
				built-up form sections must be equipped with metal hoisting brackets for
				attachment of slings.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part O - CONCRETE, CONCRETE FORMS, SHORING, AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION › Section 296-155-685 - Tubular welded frame shoring

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1) Metal tubular frames used for shoring
				must have allowable loads based on tests conducted according to the Recommended
				Procedure for Compression Testing of Scaffolds and Shores, Scaffolding &
				Shoring Institute, 1967.
(2) Design
				of shoring layouts must be based on allowable loads which were obtained using
				the test procedures of subsection (1) of this section and on at least a two and
				one-half to one safety factor.
(3)
				You must inspect all metal frame shoring equipment before erection.
(4) You must not use metal frame shoring
				equipment and accessories if heavily rusted, bent, dented, rewelded, or having
				broken weldments or other defects.
(5) All locking devices on frames and braces
				must be in good working order, coupling pins must align the frame or panel
				legs, pivoted cross braces must have their center pivot in place, and all
				components must be in a condition similar to that of original
				manufacture.
(6) When checking the
				erected shoring frames with the shoring layout, the spacing between towers and
				cross-brace spacing must not exceed that shown on the layout, and all locking
				devices must be in the closed position.
(7) Devices for attaching the external
				lateral stability bracing must be securely fastened to the legs of the shoring
				frames.
(8) All baseplates, shore
				heads, extension devices, or adjustment screws must be in firm contact with the
				footing sill and the form material, and must be snug against the legs of the
				frames.
(9) Eccentric loads on
				shore heads and similar members are prohibited unless the shore heads have been
				designed for such loading.
(10)
				When formwork is installed at an angle, or sloping, or when the surface shored
				from is sloping, the shoring must be designed for such loading.
(11) Adjustment screws must not be adjusted
				to raise formwork after the concrete is in place.
Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 89-11-035 (Order
					 89-03), § 296-155-685, filed 5/15/89, effective 6/30/89; Order 74-26,
					 § 296-155-685, filed 5/7/74, effective
					 6/6/74.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part O - CONCRETE, CONCRETE FORMS, SHORING, AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION › Section 296-155-686 - Tube and coupler shoring

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
				Tube and coupler towers used for shoring must have allowable loads based on
				tests conducted according to the Recommended Procedure for Compression Testing
				of Scaffolds and Shores, Scaffolding & Shoring Institute, 1967.
(2) Design of shoring layouts must be based
				on working loads which were obtained using the test procedures of subsection
				(1) of this section and on at least a two and one-half to one safety
				factor.
(3) You must inspect all
				tube and coupler components before being used.
(4) You must not use tubes of shoring
				structures if heavily rusted, bent, dented, or having other defects.
(5) You must not use couplers (clamps) if
				deformed, broken, or having defective or missing threads on bolts, or other
				defects.
(6) The material used for
				the couplers (clamps) must be of a structural type such as drop-forged steel,
				malleable iron, or structural grade aluminum. You must not use gray cast iron
				.
(7) When checking the erected
				shoring towers with the shoring layout, the spacing between posts must not
				exceed that shown on the layout, and all interlocking of tubular members and
				tightness of couplers should be checked.
(8) All baseplates, shore heads, extension
				devices, or adjustment screws must be in firm contact with the footing sill and
				the form material, and must be snug against the posts.
(9) Eccentric loads on shore heads and
				similar members are prohibited unless the shore heads have been designed for
				such loading.
(10) You must take
				special precautions when formwork is at angles, or sloping, or when the surface
				shored from is sloping.
(11)
				Adjustment screws must not be adjusted to raise formwork after the concrete is
				in place.
Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 89-11-035 (Order
					 89-03), § 296-155-686, filed 5/15/89, effective
					 6/30/89.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part O - CONCRETE, CONCRETE FORMS, SHORING, AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION › Section 296-155-687 - Single post shores

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1) When
				checking erected single post shores with the shoring layout, the spacing
				between shores in either direction must not exceed that shown on the layout,
				and all clamps, screws, pins, and all other components must be in the closed or
				engaged position.
(2) For
				stability, single post shores must be horizontally braced in both the
				longitudinal and transverse directions. You must also install diagonal bracing.
				You must install bracing as the shores are being erected.
(3) You must securely fasten devices which
				attach to the external lateral stability bracing to the single post
				shores.
(4) All baseplates or shore
				heads of single post shores must be in firm contact with the footing sill and
				the form material.
(5) Whenever
				single post shores are used in more than one tier, the layout must be designed
				and inspected by a structural engineer.
(6) Eccentric loads on shore heads are
				prohibited unless the shore heads have been designed for such
				loading.
(7) When formwork is at an
				angle, or sloping, or when the surface shored from is sloping, the shoring must
				be designed for such loading.
(8)
				You must not make adjustments of single post shores to raise formwork after
				concrete is in place.
(9)
				Respecting fabricated single post shores, the following apply:
(a) The clamp used for adjustable timber
				single post shores must have working load ratings based on tests conducted
				according to the standard test procedures for fabricated single post shores in
				Recommended Procedure for Compression Testing of Scaffolds and Shores,
				Scaffolding & Shoring Institute, 1967, and on at least a 3 to one safety
				factor.
(b) Shoring layouts must
				be made using working loads which were obtained using the test procedures of
				(a) of this subsection, and on at least a 3 to one safety factor.
(c) You must inspect all fabricated single
				post shores before being used.
(d)
				You must not use fabricated single post shores if heavily rusted, bent, dented,
				rewelded, or having broken weldments or other defects. If they contain timber,
				they must not be used if timber is split, cut, has sections removed, is rotted,
				or otherwise structurally damaged.
(e) All clamps, screws, pins, threads, and
				all other components must be in a condition similar to that of original
				manufacture.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part O - CONCRETE, CONCRETE FORMS, SHORING, AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION › Section 296-155-688 - Vertical slip forms

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
				Slip forms must be designed and constructed, and the form movement carried out,
				under the immediate supervision of a person or persons experienced in slip form
				design and operation. Drawings prepared by a qualified engineer, showing the
				jack layout, formwork, working decks, and scaffolding, must be available at the
				job site, and followed.
(2) The
				steel rods or pipe on which the jacks climb or by which the forms are lifted
				must be designed for this purpose. Such rods must be adequately braced where
				not encased in concrete.
(3) Forms
				must be designed to prevent excessive distortion of the structure during the
				jacking operation.
(4) Vertical
				slip forms must be provided with scaffolding or work platforms completely
				encircling the area of placement.
(5) Jacks and vertical supports must be
				positioned in such a manner that the loads do not exceed the rated capacity of
				the jacks.
(6) The jacks or other
				lifting devices must be provided with mechanical dogs or other automatic
				holding devices to support the slip forms whenever failure of the power supply
				or lifting mechanism occurs.
(7)
				The form structure must be maintained within all design tolerances specified
				for plumbness during the jacking operation.
(8) Lifting must proceed steadily and
				uniformly and must not exceed the predetermined safe rate of lift. A jacking
				system, which provides precise, simultaneous movement of the entire form in
				small preselected increments, is recommended for large structures.
(9) Workers placing reinforcing steel must
				comply with the requirements of chapter 296-880 WAC when working above the
				scaffold level.
(10) The total
				allowable load on slip form platforms must be determined by the design engineer
				and enforced by the field supervisor.
(11) Lateral and diagonal bracing of the
				forms must be provided to prevent excessive distortion of the structure during
				the sliding operation.
(12) While
				the slide is in operation, the form structure must be maintained in line and
				plumb.
(13) A field supervisor
				experienced in slip form construction must be present on the deck at all
				times.
Statutory Authority:
					 RCW
					 49.17.010, [49.17].040, [49.17].050 and
					 [49.17].060. 98-05-046, § 296-155-688, filed 2/13/98, effective 4/15/98.
					 Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 91-03-044 (Order 90-18), §
					 296-155-688, filed 1/10/91, effective 2/12/91; 89-11-035 (Order 89-03), §
					 296-155-688, filed 5/15/89, effective
					 6/30/89.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part O - CONCRETE, CONCRETE FORMS, SHORING, AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION › Section 296-155-689 - Placing and removal of forms

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
				When moved or raised by crane, cableway, A-frame, or similar mechanical device,
				forms must be securely attached to slings having a minimum safety factor of 5.
				Use of No. 9 tie wire, fiber rope, and similar makeshift lashing is
				prohibited.
(2) You must use
				taglines in moving panels or other large sections of forms by crane or
				hoist.
(3)All hoisting equipment,
				including hoisting cable used to raise and move forms must have a minimum
				safety factor incorporated in the manufacturer's design, and the manufacturer's
				recommended loading must not be exceeded. Field-fabricated or shop-fabricated
				hoisting equipment must be designed or approved by a registered professional
				engineer, incorporating a minimum safety factor of 5 in its design. Panels and
				built-up form sections must be equipped with metal hoisting brackets for
				attachment of slings.
(4)Forms
				intended for use where there is a free fall of over 10 feet must be equipped
				with adequate scaffolding and guardrails, or employees working on the forms
				must be protected from falls in accordance with chapter 296-880 WAC during
				forming and stripping operations.
(5)You must not release vertical forms being
				raised or removed in sections until adequately braced or secured. You must not
				release overhead forms until adequately braced or secured.
(6)You must protect workers or others at
				lower levels from falling materials. You must erect appropriate warning signs
				along walkways.
(7) You must not
				remove forms until the concrete is cured. The concrete must be adequately set
				in order to permit safe removal of the forms, shoring, and bracing. You must
				adhere to engineer's specifications and local building codes in determining the
				length of time forms should remain in place following concrete placement. In
				addition, you must perform tests on field-cured concrete specimens in order to
				insure that concrete has obtained sufficient strength to safely support the
				load prior to removal of forms.
Statutory Authority:
					 RCW
					 49.17.010, [49.17].040, [49.17].050 and
					 [49.17].060. 98-05-046, § 296-155-689, filed 2/13/98, effective 4/15/98.
					 Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 91-03-044 (Order 90-18), §
					 296-155-689, filed 1/10/91, effective 2/12/91; 89-11-035 (Order 89-03), §
					 296-155-689, filed 5/15/89, effective
					 6/30/89.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part O - CONCRETE, CONCRETE FORMS, SHORING, AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION › Section 296-155-690 - Appendix to WAC 296-155-684 cast in place concrete

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
General requirements for formwork.
(This Appendix is nonmandatory.)
This Appendix serves as a nonmandatory guideline to assist
				  employers in complying with the formwork requirements in WAC
				  296-155-684(1)(a).
				  Formwork which has been designed, fabricated, erected, braced, supported, and
				  maintained in accordance with Sections 6 and 7 of the American National
				  Standard for Construction and Demolition Operations-Concrete and Masonry Work,
				  ANSI A10.9-1983, must be deemed to be in compliance with the provision of WAC
				  296-155-684(1)(a).
Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 90-03-029 (Order
					 89-20), § 296-155-690, filed 1/11/90, effective 2/26/90; 89-11-035 (Order
					 89-03), § 296-155-690, filed 5/15/89, effective 6/30/89. Statutory
					 Authority:
					 RCW
					 49.17.040 and
					 49.17.050. 86-03-074 (Order
					 86-14), § 296-155-690, filed 1/21/86; Order 74-26, § 296-155-690,
					 filed 5/7/74, effective 6/6/74.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part O - CONCRETE, CONCRETE FORMS, SHORING, AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION › Section 296-155-691 - Precast concrete and tilt-up operations

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1) It must be the responsibility of the
				contractor to use accessories which are designed to be compatible.
(2) You must know the design capacity of all
				lifting devices and accessories. You must use the devices and accessories with
				the appropriate capacity.
(3) Prior
				to pouring the panels of a tilt-up type construction job, you must draw up a
				set of plans or job specifications, including lifting procedures.
(a) These plans must be at the job site and
				made available upon request.
(b)
				Any changes made in the rigging procedure of a tilt-up panel or slab must
				provide the same degree of safety as required by the original plans.
(c) The plans or specifications must contain
				the following information:
(i) The type,
				size, and location of all lifting inserts.
(ii) The type, size, and location of all
				brace inserts or fittings for guy wires in each panel and floor or
				support.
(iii) The size of braces
				or guys to be used.
(iv) The
				compression strength which concrete panels must attain prior to being
				lifted.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part O - CONCRETE, CONCRETE FORMS, SHORING, AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION › Section 296-155-695 - Miscellaneous concrete construction

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1) General provisions.
(a) Deadheads used in post tensioning of
				tendons must be the type that will increase the grip on the cable as the
				tension is increased.
(b) Proper
				means and equipment must be used to prevent the over-tensioning of the
				tendons.
(c) Only qualified workers
				must perform this type work.