Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part P - STEEL ERECTION › Section 296-155-702 - Definitions

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
Anchored bridging
. When the steel joist bridging
				  is connected to a bridging terminus point.
Bolted diagonal bridging
. Diagonal bridging that
				  is bolted to a steel joist or joists.
Bridging clip
. A device that is attached to the
				  steel joist to allow the bolting of the bridging to the steel joist.
Bridging terminus point
. A wall, a beam, tandem
				  joists (with all bridging installed and a horizontal truss in the plane of the
				  top chord) or other element at an end or intermediate point(s) of a line of
				  bridging that provides an anchor point for the steel joist bridging.
Choker
. A wire rope or synthetic fiber rigging
				  assembly that is used to attach a load to a hoisting device.
Cold forming
. The process of using press brakes,
				  rolls, or other methods to shape steel into desired cross sections at room
				  temperature.
Column
. A load-carrying vertical member that is
				  part of the primary skeletal framing system. Columns do not include
				  posts.
Competent person
(also defined in WAC
				  296-155-012 ). One who can
				  identify existing or predictable hazards in the surroundings or working
				  conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who
				  has authorization or authority by nature of their position to take prompt
				  corrective measures to eliminate them. The person must be knowledgeable of the
				  requirements of this part.
Connector
. Someone who, working with hoisting
				  equipment, is placing and connecting structural members and/or
				  components.
Constructibility
. The ability to erect
				  structural steel members in accordance with this part without having to alter
				  the overall structural design.
Construction load
(for joist erection). Any load
				  other than the weight of the employee(s), the joists and the bridging
				  bundle.
Controlled load-lowering
. Lowering a load by
				  means of a mechanical hoist drum device that allows a load to be lowered with
				  maximum control using the gear train or hydraulic components of the hoist
				  mechanism. Controlled load lowering requires the use of the hoist drive motor,
				  rather than the load hoist brake, to lower the load.
Controlling contractor
. A prime contractor,
				  general contractor, construction manager or any other legal entity that has the
				  overall responsibility for the construction of the project-its planning,
				  quality and completion.
Critical lift
. A lift that:
* Exceeds 75% of the crane or derrick rated load chart
				  capacity; or
* Requires the use of more than one crane or derrick.
Derrick floor
. An elevated floor of a building
				  or structure that has been designated to receive hoisted pieces of steel prior
				  to final placement.
Double connection
. An attachment method where
				  the connection point is intended for two pieces of steel that share common
				  bolts on either side of a central piece.
Double connection seat
. A structural attachment
				  that, during the installation of a double connection, supports the first member
				  while the second member is connected.
Employee
(and other terms of like meaning,
				  unless the context of the provision containing such a term indicates
				  otherwise). An employee of an employer who is employed in the business of their
				  employer whether by way of manual labor or otherwise and every person in this
				  state who is engaged in the employment of or who is working under an
				  independent contract the essence of which is personal labor for an employer
				  under this standard whether by way of manual labor or otherwise.
Employer
. Any person, firm, corporation,
				  partnership, business trust, legal representative, or other business entity
				  which engages in any business, industry, profession, or activity in this state
				  and employs one or more employees or who contracts with one or more persons,
				  the essence of which is the personal labor of such person or persons and
				  includes the state, counties, cities, and all municipal corporations, public
				  corporations, political subdivisions of the state, and charitable
				  organizations: Provided, That any persons, partnership, or business entity not
				  having employees, and who is covered by the Industrial Insurance Act must be
				  considered both an employer and an employee.
Erection bridging
. The bolted diagonal bridging
				  that is required to be installed prior to releasing the hoisting cables from
				  the steel joists.
Final interior perimeter
. The perimeter of a
				  large permanent open space within a building such as an atrium or courtyard.
				  This does not include openings for stairways, elevator shafts, etc.
Floor hole (decking hole)
. An opening measuring
				  less than 12 inches but more than one inch in its least dimension in any floor,
				  roof, or platform through which materials but not persons may fall, such as a
				  belt hole, pipe opening, or slot opening.
Girt
(in systems-engineered metal buildings). A
				  "Z" or "C" shaped member formed from sheet steel spanning between primary
				  framing and supporting wall material.
Headache ball
. A weighted hook that is used to
				  attach loads to the hoist load line of the crane.
Hoisting equipment
. Lifting equipment designed
				  to lift and position a load of known weight to a location at some known
				  elevation and horizontal distance from the equipment's center of rotation.
				  Hoisting equipment includes, but not limited to:
* Cranes;
* Derricks;
* Tower cranes;
* Barge-mounted derricks or cranes;
* Gin poles; and
* Gantry hoist systems.
Note:
A come-a-long (a mechanical device, usually
						  consisting of a chain or cable attached at each end, that is used to facilitate
						  movement of materials through leverage) is not considered hoisting equipment.
Metal decking
. A commercially manufactured,
				  structural grade, cold rolled metal panel formed into a series of parallel ribs
				  and includes metal floor and roof decks, standing seam metal roofs, other metal
				  roof systems and other products such as bar gratings, checker plate, expanded
				  metal panels, and similar products. After installation and proper fastening,
				  these decking materials serve a combination of functions including: A
				  structural element designed in combination with the structure to resist,
				  distribute and transfer loads, stiffen the structure and provide a diaphragm
				  action; a walking/working surface; a form for concrete slabs; a support for
				  roofing systems; and a finished floor or roof.
Multiple lift rigging
. A rigging assembly
				  manufactured by wire rope rigging suppliers that facilitates the attachment of
				  up to 5 independent loads to the hoist rigging of a crane.
Must
. Mandatory.
Permanent floor
. A structurally completed floor
				  at any level or elevation (including slab on grade).
Post
. A structural member with a longitudinal
				  axis that is essentially vertical, that:
* Weighs 300 pounds or less and is axially loaded (a load
				  presses down on the top end); or
* Is not axially loaded, but is laterally restrained by the
				  above member. Posts typically support stair landings, wall framing, mezzanines
				  and other substructures.
Project structural engineer of record
. The
				  registered, licensed professional responsible for the design of structural
				  steel framing and whose seal appears on the structural contract
				  documents.
Purlin
(in systems-engineered metal buildings).
				  A "Z," "C," or "W" shaped member formed from sheet steel spanning between
				  primary framing and supporting roof material.
Qualified person
. One who, by possession of a
				  recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive
				  knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability
				  to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the
				  project.
Safety deck attachment
. An initial attachment
				  that is used to secure an initially placed sheet of decking to keep proper
				  alignment and bearing with structural support members.
Shear connector
. Headed steel studs, steel bars,
				  steel lugs, and similar devices which are attached to a structural member for
				  the purpose of achieving composite action with concrete.
Steel erection
. The construction, alteration or
				  repair of steel buildings, bridges and other structures, including the
				  installation of metal decking and all planking used during the process of
				  erection.
Steel joist
. An open web, secondary
				  load-carrying member of 144 feet (43.9 m) or less, designed by the
				  manufacturer, used for the support of floors and roofs. This does not include
				  structural steel trusses or cold-formed joists.
Steel joist girder
. An open web, primary
				  load-carrying member, designed by the manufacturer, used for the support of
				  floors and roofs. This does not include structural steel trusses.
Steel truss
. An open web member designed of
				  structural steel components by the project structural engineer of record. For
				  the purposes of this subpart, a steel truss is considered equivalent to a solid
				  web structural member.
Structural steel
. A steel member, or a member
				  made of a substitute material (such as, but not limited to, fiberglass,
				  aluminum or composite members). These members include, but are not limited to,
				  steel joists, joist girders, purlins, columns, beams, trusses, splices, seats,
				  metal decking, girts, and all bridging, and cold formed metal framing which is
				  integrated with the structural steel framing of a building.
Systems-engineered metal building
. A metal,
				  field-assembled building system consisting of framing, roof and wall coverings.
				  Typically, many of these components are cold-formed shapes. These individual
				  parts are fabricated in one or more manufacturing facilities and shipped to the
				  job site for assembly into the final structure. The engineering design of the
				  system is normally the responsibility of the systems-engineered metal building
				  manufacturer.
Tank
. A container for holding gases, liquids or
				  solids.
You
. The employer.
Statutory Authority:
					 RCW
					 49.17.010, [49.17].040, and[49.17].050 .
					 02-13-115, § 296-155-702, filed 6/19/02, effective
					 9/1/02.