Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part L - CRANES, RIGGING, AND PERSONNEL LIFTING › Section 296-155-53900 - Tower cranes-General

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
				This section contains supplemental requirements for tower cranes; all sections
				of this part apply to tower cranes unless specified otherwise. In addition, the
				requirements in WAC
				296-155-53402
				apply unless otherwise specified, except that the term "assembly/disassembly"
				is replaced by "erecting, climbing and dismantling," and the term "disassembly"
				is replaced by "dismantling."
(2)
				All tower cranes in use must meet the applicable requirements for design,
				construction, installation, testing, maintenance, inspection, and operation as
				prescribed by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer's recommendations are not
				available, follow the requirements in ASME B30.3-2009. It is not the intent of
				this rule to require retrofitting of existing cranes. However, when an item is
				being modified, its performance needs to be reviewed by a qualified person and
				compared to the applicable sections of this rule. For modification requirements
				see WAC
				296-155-53400(58) and
				(59). For cranes manufactured prior to the
				effective date of this rule the design and construction criteria must meet at a
				minimum, ASME B30.3-1990.
(3) You
				must follow the manufacturer's recommendations when installing, erecting, and
				dismantling tower cranes. If the manufacturer's recommendations are not
				available, follow the requirements in ASME B30.3-2009.
(4) When cranes are erected/dismantled,
				written instructions by the manufacturer or qualified person and a list of the
				weights of each subassembly to be erected/dismantled must be at the
				site.
(5) A qualified person must
				supervise the erection, jumping and dismantling of the crane.
(6) You must establish procedures before
				beginning crane erection/dismantling work to implement the instructions and
				adapt them to the particular needs of the site.
(7) Tower cranes and tower crane assembly
				parts/components must be inspected by an accredited certifier, prior to
				assembly, following erection of the tower crane, after each climbing operation,
				or reconfiguring the boom, jib, or counterjib, before placing the crane in
				service. (See WAC
				296-155-53206.)
				You must only use inspected and preap-proved components in the assembly of a
				tower crane.
(8) You must erect
				tower masts plumb to a tolerance of 1:500 (approximately one inch in 40 feet)
				unless the manufacturer specifies otherwise and verified by a qualified
				person.
(9) You must install cranes
				that are required to weather-vane when out-of-service with clearance for the
				boom (jib) and the superstructure to swing through a full 360 degree arc. You
				must maintain clearances recommended by the crane manufacturer between other
				weathervaning cranes and fixed objects.
(10) When the crane is out of operation, the
				jib or boom must be pointed downwind and the slewing brake must be released so
				as to permit the jib or boom to weathervane, provided the jib or boom has a
				clear 360 degree rotation.
(11)
				When the crane is out of operation and a 360 degree rotation is not feasible,
				you must follow the manufacturer's or RPE's written procedures for restraining
				the jib or boom from rotation.
(12)
				Foundations and structural supports. Tower crane foundations and structural
				supports (including both the portions of the structure used for support and the
				means of attachment) must be designed by the manufacturer or a registered
				professional engineer.
(13) Prior
				to erecting a tower crane on a nonstandard tower crane base/structural support,
				you must ensure that the engineering configuration of this base/structural
				support has been reviewed and acknowledged as acceptable by an independent
				registered professional structural engineer (RPSE), licensed under chapter
				18.43 RCW.
(14) An RPSE must
				certify that the crane foundation, structural supports and underlying soil
				provide adequate support for the tower crane with its applied torsional and
				overturning moments and the horizontal and vertical forces.
(15) The controlling entity that installed
				the tower crane foundations and structural supports must provide a written
				statement/documentation to the A/D director stating that they were installed in
				accordance with their design and requirements the RPE, and the engineer of
				record if applicable.
(16) You
				must consult the engineer of record to verify that the host structure is
				capable of safely resisting the applied crane forces, if this engineer is not
				available an RSPE must perform this verification. When inside climbing cranes
				are used, the integrity of the host structure must be reviewed and approved by
				an RPSE, for the effects of the crane, load, and wind forces at each level of
				the structure.
(17) Prior to
				installing a tower crane that will be attached to an existing building, new
				construction, or structure, an RPSE must certify that the structural attachment
				to the building is designed to withstand the torsional and overturning moments
				and the horizontal and vertical forces created by the crane to be
				installed.
(18) The
				assembly/disassembly director must address backward stability before slewing,
				traveling or freestanding tower cranes on ballasted bases.
(19) The top of the support/foundation must
				be accessible and free of debris, materials and standing water. No materials
				can be stored on the support unless approved by a qualified person. Tower
				crane's foundation and fasteners must remain accessible and visible for
				inspection at all times.
(20) You
				must not climb tower cranes in concrete structures until the concrete at the
				levels at which horizontal and vertical supports are to be placed has reached
				sufficient strength to resist the crane reactions. It may be necessary to test
				concrete cylinders or cores or to use on-site testing techniques for this
				purpose.
(21) Climbing jack systems
				used for raising a tower crane must be equipped with over-pressure relief
				valves, direct-reading pressure gauges, and pilot-operated hydraulic check
				valves installed in a manner which will prevent the jack from retracting should
				a hydraulic line or fitting rupture or fail.
(22) Before climbing or erecting/dismantling,
				you must balance cranes in accordance with the manufacturer's or a qualified
				person's instructions. If no such limit has been set, wind velocity must not
				exceed the limit set by the manufacturer, or 20 miles per hour as indicated by
				a wind velocity device mounted near the top of the crane. The crane operator
				must be present during climbing or erecting/dismantling operations.
(23) You must not commence climbing
				operations until all crane support provisions at the new support level are in
				place as per the manufacturer's recommendations or as specified by an
				RPSE.
(24) Crane superstructures
				and counterjibs (counterweight jib) must be arranged to receive counterweights,
				made in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications for the specified jib
				or boom length, and to hold them in position. You must provide means to guard
				against shifting or dislodgement during crane operation. Manufacturer's
				specified counterweight weights are not to be exceeded.
(25) Moveable counterweights, if provided,
				must either move automatically or must be equipped with a position indicator
				with read out at the operator's station(s).
(26) When counterweight position is
				controlled by wire ropes, you must provide means to prevent uncontrolled
				movement in the event of wire rope or wire rope termination failure.
(27) When counterweight position is
				controlled by wire ropes and/or linkages between the counterweight and the
				boom, you must make provisions to avert structural damage if the boom is moved
				beyond its normal limits.
(28) For
				cranes utilizing ballast, bases must include provisions to support and position
				the ballast. You must provide means to guard against shifting or dislodgement
				of ballast during crane operation.
(29) All electrical equipment must be
				properly grounded and protection must be provided against lightning per the
				manufacturer's recommendation or if not available, a registered professional
				electrical engineer.
(30) Each
				electrically powered crane must have a main disconnect switch at or near the
				initial base of the crane. This switch must have provisions for locking in the
				"off" position.
(31) You must guard
				or locate equipment so that live parts are not exposed to inadvertent contact
				by personnel and equipment under normal operating conditions.
(32) You must protect electrical equipment
				from dirt, grease, oil, and moisture. Fixtures, wiring, and connections exposed
				to the weather must be of weather resistant type.
(33) Wiring must conform to the provisions of
				ANSI/NFPA 70 for temporary wiring. Motors, controls, switches, and other
				electrical equipment must meet the applicable requirements of ANSI/NFPA 70.
				Hoists, slewing, trolley, and travel controllers must conform to ISO 7752-1,
				2010.
(34) You must make provisions
				to guard against reversing of each motor due to reversed phase
				connections.
(35) Electrical
				circuits between the fixed and rotating portions of the crane must pass through
				a slip ring assembly that will permit continuous rotation of the upper crane
				structure in either direction, unless other means are provided to prevent
				damage to the electrical conductors.
(36) Individual overload protection must be
				provided for each motor.
(37) Crane
				trucks must be fitted with sweeps extending below the top of the rail, unless
				the construction of the rail foundation prohibits such extension, and placed in
				front of the leading wheels in either direction. Truck wheels/bogies must be
				guarded.
(38) You must provide a
				means to limit the drop of truck frames in case of wheel or axle breakage to a
				distance that will not cause a crane to overturn.
(39) Multiple tower crane job sites. On job
				sites where more than one tower crane is installed, you must locate the cranes
				such that no crane may come in contact with the structure of another crane.
				Crane's jibs or booms are permitted to pass over one another.
(40) You must position tower cranes, in
				service, whereby they can slew 360 degrees without either the counterjib or
				jib/boom striking any building, structure, or other object, unless:
(a) Suitable anticollision devices are
				installed which will prohibit contact with such objects or;
(b) Direct voice communications are
				established between any operator of the tower crane(s) involved and a signal
				person so stationed where the boom and/or counterweight movement, and the
				object with which it may contact can be observed so that the operator(s) can be
				warned of imminent danger.
(i) You must
				establish a secondary means of positive communications as a back-up for
				possible direct voice communication failure.
(ii) Radio communication systems without tone
				coded squelch are prohibited. You must not use citizens band radios as a means
				of communications for tower cranes.