Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part L - CRANES, RIGGING, AND PERSONNEL LIFTING › Section 296-155-53412 - Operational aids

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1) The devices
				listed in this section (listed operational aids) are required on all
				cranes/derricks, except tower cranes and self-erecting tower cranes, covered by
				this part, unless otherwise specified. For requirements relating to operational
				aids and safety devices for tower cranes, see WAC
				296-155-53900(60) and
				(61), for self-erecting tower cranes see WAC
				296-155-54100(42) and
				(43).
Notes:
The requirements in subsection (3)(e), (f)
						  and (g) of this section do not apply to articulating cranes. The requirements
						  in subsection (3)(d), (e) and (h) of this section only apply to those digger
						  derricks manufactured after the effective date of this section.
(2)
				Operations must not begin unless the listed operational aids are in proper
				working order, except where an operational aid is being repaired you use the
				specified temporary alternative measures. More protective alternative measures
				specified by the crane/derrick manufacturer, if any, must be
				followed.
(3) When operational aids
				are inoperative or malfunctioning, the crane and/or device manufacturer's
				recommendations for continued operation or shutdown of the crane must be
				followed until the problems are corrected. Without such recommendations and any
				prohibitions from the manufacturer against further operation, the following
				requirements apply:
Note:
If a replacement part is no longer
						  available, the use of a substitute device that performs the same type of
						  function is permitted and is not considered a modification under WAC
						  296-155-53400(58) and
						  (59) (crane/derrick modifications).
(a)
				Recalibration or repair of the operational aid must be accomplished as soon as
				is reasonably possible, as determined by a qualified person.
(b) Boom hoist limiting device (except for
				derricks with base mounted drums).
(i) For
				cranes manufactured after December 16, 1969, a boom hoist limiting device is
				required. Temporary alternative measures: One or more of the following methods
				must be used:
(A) Use a boom angle
				indicator.
(B) Clearly mark the
				boom hoist rope (so that it can easily be seen by the operator) at a point that
				will give the operator sufficient time to stop the hoist to keep the boom
				within the minimum allowable radius. In addition, install mirrors or remote
				video cameras and displays if necessary for the operator to see the
				mark.
(C) Clearly mark the boom
				hoist rope (so that it can easily be seen by a spotter) at a point that will
				give the spotter sufficient time to signal the operator and have the operator
				stop the hoist to keep the boom within the minimum allowable radius.
(ii) If the crane was manufactured
				on or before December 16, 1969, and is not equipped with a boom hoist limiting
				device, at least one of the measures in (b)(i)(A) through (C) of this
				subsection must be used.
(c) Luffing jib limiting device. Cranes with
				a luffing jib must have a luffing jib limiting device. Temporary alternative
				measures are the same as in (b)(i) of this subsection, except to limit the
				movement of the luffing jib rather than the boom hoist.
(d) Anti two-blocking device. (This does not
				apply to dedicated pile drivers.)
(i)
				Telescopic boom cranes manufactured after February 28, 1992, must be equipped
				with a device which automatically prevents damage from contact between the load
				block, overhaul ball, or similar component, and the boom tip (or fixed upper
				block or similar component). The device(s) must prevent such damage at all
				points where two-blocking could occur.
(A)
				Temporary alternative measures: Clearly mark the hoist rope (so that it can
				easily be seen by the operator) at a point that will give the operator
				sufficient time to stop the hoist to prevent two-blocking; and
(B) Use a spotter when extending the boom.
(ii) Lattice boom
				cranes.
(A) Lattice boom cranes manufactured
				after February 28, 1992, must be equipped with a device that either
				automatically prevents damage and load failure from contact between the load
				block, overhaul ball, or similar component, and the boom tip (or fixed upper
				block or similar component), or warns the operator in time for the operator to
				prevent two-blocking. The device(s) must prevent such damage/failure or provide
				adequate warning for all points where two-blocking could occur.
(B) Lattice boom cranes, and derricks,
				manufactured after the effective date of this standard must be equipped with a
				device which automatically prevents damage and load failure from contact
				between the load block, overhaul ball, or similar component, and the boom tip
				(or fixed upper block or similar component). The device(s) must prevent such
				damage/failure at all points where two-blocking could occur.
Exception:
The requirements in subsection
						  (3)(d)(ii)(A) and (B) of this section do not apply to such lattice boom cranes
						  when used for dragline, clamshell (grapple), magnet, drop ball (wrecking ball),
						  container handling, concrete bucket, marine operations that do not involve
						  hoisting personnel, and pile driving work.
(C)
				Temporary alternative measures: Clearly mark the hoist rope (so that it can
				easily be seen by the operator) at a point that will give the operator
				sufficient time to stop the hoist to prevent two-blocking, or use a
				spotter.
(iii)
				Articulating cranes manufactured after December 31, 1999, that are equipped
				with a load hoist must be equipped with a device that automatically prevents
				damage from contact between the load block, overhaul ball, or similar
				component, and the boom tip (or fixed upper block or similar component). The
				device must prevent such damage at all points where two-blocking could occur.
				Temporary alternative measures: When two-blocking could only occur with
				movement of the load hoist, clearly mark the hoist rope (so that it can easily
				be seen by the operator) at a point that will give the operator sufficient time
				to stop the hoist to prevent two-blocking, or use a spotter. When two-blocking
				could occur without movement of the load hoist, clearly mark the hoist rope (so
				that it can easily be seen by the operator) at a point that will give the
				operator sufficient time to stop the hoist to prevent two-blocking, and use a
				spotter when extending the boom.
(e) Boom angle or radius indicator (except
				for derricks with base mounted drum hoists). The crane must have a boom angle
				or radius indicator readable from the operator's station. Temporary alternative
				measures: Radii or boom angle must be determined by measuring the radii or boom
				angle with a measuring device.
(f)
				Jib angle indicator if the crane has a luffing jib. Temporary alternative
				measures: Radii or jib angle must be determined by ascertaining the main boom
				angle and then measuring the radii or jib angle with a measuring
				device.
(g) Boom length indicator
				if the crane has a telescopic boom, except where the rated capacity is
				independent of the boom length. Temporary alternative measures: One or more of
				the following methods must be used:
(i) Mark
				the boom with measured marks to calculate boom length; or
(ii) Calculate boom length from boom angle
				and radius measurements; or
(iii)
				Measure the boom with a measuring device.
(h) Load weighing and similar devices (this
				also applies to dedicated pile drivers manufactured more than one year after
				the effective date of this section). Cranes (other than derricks and
				articulating cranes) manufactured after March 29, 2003, with a rated capacity
				over 6,000 pounds must have at least one of the following: Load weighing
				device, load moment (or rated capacity) indicator, or load moment (or rated
				capacity) limiter.
(i) Temporary alternative
				measures: The weight of the load must be determined from a reliable source
				(such as the load's manufacturer), by a reliable calculation method (such as
				calculating a steel beam from measured dimensions and a known per foot weight),
				or by other equally reliable means. This information must be provided to the
				operator prior to the lift.
(ii)
				Articulating cranes manufactured after the effective date of this section must
				have at least one of the following: Automatic overload prevention device, load
				weighing device, load moment (or rated capacity) indicator, or load moment
				(rated capacity) limiter. Temporary alternative measures: The weight of the
				load must be determined from a source recognized by the industry (such as the
				load's manufacturer) or by a calculation method recognized by the industry
				(such as calculating a steel beam from measured dimensions and a known per foot
				weight). This information must be provided to the operator prior to the
				lift.
(i)
				Reserved.
(j) The following devices
				are required on cranes manufactured after the effective date of this section:
(i) Outrigger/stabilizer position (horizontal
				beam extension) sensor/monitor if the crane has outriggers or stabilizers.
				Temporary alternative measures: The operator must verify that the position of
				the outriggers or stabilizers is correct (in accordance with manufacturer
				procedures) before beginning operations requiring outrigger or stabilizer
				deployment.
(ii) Hoist drum
				rotation indicator if the crane/derrick has a hoist drum is not visible from
				the operator's station. Temporary alternative measures: Mark the drum to
				indicate the rotation of the drum. In addition, install mirrors or remote video
				cameras and displays if necessary for the operator to see the mark.