Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part L - CRANES, RIGGING, AND PERSONNEL LIFTING › Section 296-155-52902 - Definitions Accredited crane certifier

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
A crane inspector who has been accredited by the
				  department.
A/D director (assembly/disassembly) director
. An
				  individual who meets the requirements in this part for an A/D director,
				  irrespective of the person's formal job title or whether the person is
				  nonmanagement or management personnel.
Angle of loading.
The acute angle between
				  horizontal and the leg of the rigging, often referred to as horizontal angle.
				  See Figures 18 and 33.
Anti two-block device.
A device that, when
				  activated, disengages all crane functions whose movement can cause
				  two-blocking.
Apprentice operator
or
trainee.
A
				  crane operator who has not met requirements established by the department under
				  RCW
				  49.17.430.
Articulating boom crane.
A crane whose boom
				  consists of a series of folding, pin connected structural members, typically
				  manipulated to extend or retract by power from hydraulic cylinders.
Assembly/disassembly.
The assembly and/or
				  disassembly of components or attachments covered under this part. With regard
				  to tower cranes, "erecting and climbing" replaces the term "assembly," and
				  "dismantling" replaces the term "disassembly." Regardless of whether the crane
				  is initially erected to its full height or is climbed in stages, the process of
				  increasing height of the crane is an erection process.
Assist crane.
A crane used to assist in
				  assembling or disassembling a crane.
Attachments.
Any device that expands the range
				  of tasks that can be done by the crane/derrick. Examples include, but are not
				  limited to: An auger, drill, magnet, pile-driver, and boom-attached personnel
				  platform.
Audible signal.
A signal made by a distinct
				  sound or series of sounds. Examples include, but are not limited to, sounds
				  made by a bell, horn, or whistle.
Basket hitch.
A method of rigging a sling in
				  which the sling is passed around the load and both loop eyes or end fittings
				  are attached to the lifting device.
Below-the-hook lifting device.
A device used for
				  attaching loads to a hoist. The device may contain components such as slings,
				  hooks, rigging hardware, and lifting attachments.
Bird caging.
The twisting of fiber or wire rope
				  in an isolated area of the rope in the opposite direction of the rope lay,
				  thereby causing it to take on the appearance of a bird cage.
Blocking (also referred to as "cribbing").
Wood
				  or other material used to support equipment or a component and distribute loads
				  to the ground. It is typically used to support latticed boom sections during
				  assembly/disassembly and under outrigger and stabilizer floats.
Boatswain's chair.
A single-point adjustable
				  suspension scaffold consisting of a seat or sling (which may be incorporated
				  into a full body harness) designed to support one employee in a sitting
				  position.
Bogie.
See "travel bogie."
Boom (other than tower crane).
An inclined spar,
				  strut, or other long structural member which supports the upper hoisting tackle
				  on a crane or derrick. Typically, the length and vertical angle of the boom can
				  be varied to achieve increased height or height and reach when lifting loads.
				  Booms can usually be grouped into general categories of hydraulically
				  extendible, cantilevered type, latticed section, cable supported type or
				  articulating type.
Boom (tower cranes).
On tower cranes: If the
				  "boom" (i.e., principal horizontal structure) is fixed, it is referred to as a
				  jib; if it is moveable up and down, it is referred to as a boom.
Boom angle indicator.
A device which measures
				  the angle of the boom relative to horizontal.
Boom hoist limiting device.
Includes boom hoist
				  disengaging device, boom hoist shut-off, boom hoist disconnect, boom hoist
				  hydraulic relief, boom hoist kick-outs, automatic boom stop device, or
				  derricking limiter. This type of device disengages boom hoist power when the
				  boom reaches a predetermined operating angle. It also sets brakes or closes
				  valves to prevent the boom from lowering after power is disengaged.
Boom length indicator.
Indicates the length of
				  the permanent part of the boom (such as ruled markings on the boom) or, as in
				  some computerized systems, the length of the boom with
				  extensions/attachments.
Boom stop.
Includes boom stops (belly straps
				  with struts/standoff), telescoping boom stops, attachment boom stops, and
				  backstops. These devices restrict the boom from moving above a certain maximum
				  angle and toppling over backward.
Boom suspension systems.
A system of pendants,
				  running ropes, sheaves, and other hardware which supports the boom tip and
				  controls the boom angle.
Braided wire rope.
A wire rope formed by
				  plaiting component wire ropes.
Bridle wire rope sling.
A sling composed of
				  multiple legs with the top ends gathered in a fitting that goes over the
				  lifting hook.
Builder.
The builder/constructor of
				  derricks.
Cable laid endless sling-mechanical joint.
A
				  wire rope sling made endless from one continuous length of cable laid rope with
				  the ends joined by one or more metallic fittings.
Cable laid grommet-hand tucked.
An endless wire
				  rope sling made from one continuous length of rope formed to make a body
				  composed of 6 ropes around a rope core. The rope ends are tucked into the body,
				  thus forming the core. No sleeves are used.
Center of gravity.
The center of gravity of any
				  object is the point in the object around which its weight is evenly
				  distributed. If you could put a support under that point, you could balance the
				  object on the support.
Certified crane inspector.
A crane certifier
				  accredited by the department.
Certified welder.
A welder who meets nationally
				  recognized certification requirements applicable to the task being
				  performed.
Choker hitch.
A method of rigging a sling in
				  which the sling is passed around the load, then through one loop eye, end
				  fitting, or other device, with the other loop eye or end fitting attached to
				  the lifting device. This hitch can be done with a sliding choker hook or
				  similar device.
Climbing.
The process in which a tower crane is
				  raised or lowered to a new working height, either by adding or removing tower
				  sections to the top of the crane (top climbing), or by a system in which the
				  entire crane is raised or lowered inside the structure (inside
				  climbing).
Come-a-long.
A mechanical device typically
				  consisting of a chain or cable attached at each end that is used to facilitate
				  movement of materials through leverage.
Competent person.
One who is capable of
				  identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working
				  conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who
				  has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.
Construction work.
(For the purposes of this
				  part) all or any part of excavation, construction, erection, alteration,
				  repair, demolition, and dismantling of buildings and other structures and all
				  related operations; the excavation, construction, alteration, and repair of
				  sewers, trenches, caissons, conduits, pipelines, roads, and all related
				  operations; the moving of buildings and other structures, and the construction,
				  alteration, repair, or removal of wharfs, docks, bridges, culverts, trestles,
				  piers, abutments, or any other related construction, alteration, repair, or
				  removal work. Construction work does not include the normal day-to-day
				  activities at manufacturing facilities or powerhouses.
Controlled load lowering.
Lowering a load by
				  means of a mechanical hoist drum device that allows a hoisted load to be
				  lowered with maximum control using the gear train or hydraulic components of
				  the hoist mechanism. Controlled load lowering requires the use of the hoist
				  drive motor, rather that the load hoist brake, to lower the load.
Controlling entity.
An employer that is a prime
				  contractor, general contractor, construction manager or any other legal entity
				  which has the overall responsibility for the construction of the projects, its
				  planning, quality, and completion.
Counterjib (counterweight jib).
A horizontal
				  member of the tower crane on which the counterweights and usually the hoisting
				  machinery are mounted.
Counterweight.
Weight used to supplement the
				  weight of equipment in providing stability for lifting loads by
				  counterbalancing those loads.
Crane.
Power-operated equipment used in
				  construction that can hoist, lower, and horizontally move a suspended load.
				  "Crane" includes, but is not limited to: Articulating boom cranes, such as
				  knuckle-boom cranes; crawler cranes; floating cranes; cranes on barges;
				  locomotive cranes; mobile cranes, such as wheel-mounted, rough-terrain,
				  all-terrain, commercial truck mounted, and boom truck cranes; multipurpose
				  machines when configured to hoist and lower by means of a winch or hook and
				  horizontally move a suspended load; industrial cranes, such as carry-deck
				  cranes; dedicated pile drivers; service/mechanic trucks with a hoisting device;
				  a crane on a monorail; tower cranes, such as fixed jib, hammerhead boom,
				  luffing boom, and self-erecting; pedestal cranes; portal cranes; overhead and
				  gantry cranes; straddle cranes; side-boom tractors; derricks; and variations of
				  such equipment.
Crane/derrick type.
Cranes or derricks as
				  established by American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). Crane operator
				  means an individual engaged in the operation of a crane.
Crane level indicator.
A device for determining
				  true horizontal (also see safety devices).
Crawler crane.
Equipment that has a type of base
				  mounting which incorporates a continuous belt of sprocket driven track.
Critical lift.
A lift that:
* Exceeds 75 percent of the crane or derrick rated load chart
				  capacity; or
* Requires the use of more than one crane or derrick.
Cross rod.
A wire used to join spirals of metal
				  mesh to form a complete fabric. See Figure 22.
Crossover points.
Locations on a wire rope which
				  is spooled on a drum where one layer of rope climbs up on and crosses over the
				  previous layer. This takes place at each flange of the drum as the rope is
				  spooled onto the drum, reaches the flange, and begins to wrap back in the
				  opposite direction.
Dedicated channel.
A line of communication
				  assigned by the employer who controls the communication system to only one
				  signal person and crane/derrick or to a coordinated group of
				  cranes/derricks/signal persons.
Dedicated drilling rig.
A machine which creates
				  bore holes and/or shafts in the ground.
Dedicated pile-driver.
A machine that is
				  designed to function exclusively as a pile-driver. These machines typically
				  have the ability to both hoist the material that will be pile-driven and to
				  pile-drive that material.
Dedicated spotter (power lines).
To be
				  considered a dedicated spotter, the requirements of WAC
				  296-155-53302
				  (Signal person qualifications) must be met and his/her sole responsibility is
				  to watch the separation between the power line and the equipment, the load line
				  and load (including rigging and lifting accessories), and ensure through
				  communication with the operator that the applicable minimum approach distance
				  is not breached.
Derrick.
An apparatus consisting of a mast or
				  equivalent member held at the end by guys or braces, with or without a boom,
				  for use with a hoisting mechanism and operating ropes.
Design factor.
The ratio between nominal or
				  minimum breaking strength and rated load.
Digger derrick.
A multipurpose vehicle-mounted
				  machine which is primarily designed to accommodate components that dig holes,
				  set poles, and position materials and apparatus.
Directly under the load.
A part or all of an
				  employee is directly beneath the load.
Dismantling.
Includes dismantling (such as
				  dismantling to shorten a boom or substitute a different component).
Drum rotation indicator.
A device on a crane or
				  hoist which indicates in which direction and at what relative speed a
				  particular hoist drum is turning.
Electrical contact.
When a person, object, or
				  equipment makes contact or comes close in proximity with an energized conductor
				  or equipment that allows the passage of current.
Employer-made equipment.
Floating
				  cranes/derricks designed and built by an employer for your own use.
Encroachment.
Where any part of the crane, load
				  line or load (including rigging and lifting accessories) breaches a minimum
				  clearance distance that this part requires to be maintained from a power
				  line.
Equipment criteria.
Instructions,
				  recommendations, limitations and specifications.
Fabric (metal mesh).
The flexible portion of the
				  sling exclusive of end fittings consisting of a series of transverse spirals
				  and cross rods.
Fall protection equipment.
Guardrail systems,
				  safety net systems, personal fall arrest systems, positioning device systems or
				  fall restraint systems.
Fall restraint system.
A system in which all
				  necessary components function together to restrain/prevent an employee from
				  falling to a lower level. Types of fall restraint systems include standard
				  guardrail systems, personal fall restraint systems, warning line systems, or a
				  warning line system and safety monitor.
Fall zone.
The area (including, but not limited
				  to, the area directly beneath the load) in which it is reasonably foreseeable
				  that partially or completely suspended materials could fall in the event of an
				  accident.
Flange points.
A point of contact between rope
				  and drum flange where the rope changes layers.
Floating cranes/derricks.
Equipment designed by
				  the manufacturer (or employer) for marine use by permanent attachment to a
				  barge, pontoons, vessel or other means of flotation.
Free fall (of the load line).
When only the
				  brake is used to regulate the descent of the load line (the drive mechanism is
				  not used to drive the load down faster or retard its lowering).
Free rated load test.
Testing stability and
				  operation of crane, carrier, wheels, tires, tracks, brakes, etc., under load,
				  when lifting without outriggers and/or traveling with the load are permitted at
				  the activity for the type of crane being tested.
Free surface effect.
The uncontrolled transverse
				  movement of liquids in compartments which reduce a vessel's transverse
				  stability.
Functional testing.
The testing of a crane,
				  typically done with a light load or no load, to verify the proper operation of
				  a crane's primary function, i.e., hoisting, braking, booming, swinging, etc. A
				  functional test is contrasted to testing the crane's structural integrity with
				  heavy loads.
Gin pole derrick.
A boom without a mast which
				  has guys arranged from its top to permit leaning the mast in one or more
				  directions. The load is lifted and lowered by ropes reeved through sheaves or
				  blocks at the top of the mast and the lower block.
Ground conditions.
The ability of the ground to
				  support the crane/derrick (including slope, compaction, and firmness).
Ground crew.
Those individuals who are involved
				  in the personnel lift, other than the hoisting equipment operator and the
				  platform occupants. These individuals include riggers, signal persons, and
				  supervision.
Gudgeon pins.
A pin connecting the mast cap to
				  the mast allowing rotation of the mast.
Guy.
A rope used to steady or secure the mast,
				  boom, or other member in the desired position.
Hairpin anchors.
A hairpin-shaped,
				  guy-supporting anchor that is placed in footings or walls before concrete is
				  poured and held in place by the cured concrete.
Hitch (hitched).
A method of rigging (attaching)
				  a sling temporarily to a load or object for the purpose of lifting.
Hoist.
A mechanical device for lifting and
				  lowering loads by winding rope onto or off a drum.
Hoisting.
The act of raising, lowering or
				  otherwise moving a load in the air with equipment covered by this standard. As
				  used in this standard, "hoisting" can be done by means other than wire
				  rope/hoist drum equipment.
Hoisting equipment.
A machine for lifting and
				  lowering a load and moving it horizontally. The machine may be fixed or mobile
				  and be driven manually, by power, or by a combination of both.
Hook latch.
A mechanical device used to close
				  the throat opening of a hook.
Insulating link/device.
An insulating device
				  listed, labeled, or accepted by a nationally recognized testing laboratory in
				  accordance with
				  29
				  C.F.R. 1910.7.
Intermediate rail.
The middle member of a
				  barrier along the edges of a platform, located approximately one-half the
				  distance between the platform floor and top rail.
Jib.
An extension attached to the boom point to
				  provide added boom length for lifting specified loads. The jib may be in line
				  with the boom or offset to various angles in the vertical plane of the boom.
				  For tower cranes, see boom (tower cranes).
Jib stop (also referred to as a jib backstop).
The same type of device as a boom stop but is for a fixed or luffing
				  jib.
Land crane/derrick.
Equipment not originally
				  designed by the manufacturer for marine use by permanent attachment to barges,
				  pontoons, vessels, or other means of flotation.
List.
The angle of inclination about the
				  longitudinal axis of a barge, pontoons, vessel, or other means of
				  flotation.
Live boom.
A boom whose lowering is controlled
				  by a brake without the aid of other lowering retarding devices (free-fall
				  capable).
Live load line.
A load line whose lowering is
				  controlled by a brake without the aid of other lowering retarding devices
				  (free-fall capable).
Load.
The weight of the object being lifted or
				  lowered, including the weight of the load-attaching equipment such as the load
				  block, ropes, slings, shackles, and any other auxiliary attachment.
Load moment (or rated capacity) indicator.
A
				  system which aids the equipment operator by sensing the overturning moment on
				  the equipment, i.e., load X radius. It compares this lifting condition to the
				  equipment's rated capacity, and indicates to the operator the percentage of
				  capacity at which the equipment is working. Lights, bells, or buzzers may be
				  incorporated as a warning of an approaching overload condition.
Load moment (or rated capacity) limiter.
A
				  system which aids the equipment operator by sensing the overturning moment on
				  the equipment, i.e., load X radius. It compares this lifting condition to the
				  equipment's rated capacity, and when the rated capacity is reached, it shuts
				  off power to those equipment functions which can increase the severity of
				  loading on the equipment, e.g., hoisting, telescoping out, or luffing out.
				  Typically, those functions which decrease the severity of loading on the
				  equipment remain operational, e.g., lowering, telescoping in, or luffing
				  in.
Load ratings.
A set of rated loads for
				  stipulated hoisting equipment configurations and operating conditions.
Load sustaining/bearing parts.
Those parts of a
				  crane that support the crane or load and upon failure could cause dropping,
				  uncontrolled shifting, or uncontrolled movement of the crane or load.
Locomotive crane.
A crane mounted on a base or
				  car equipped for travel on a railroad track.
Luffing boom.
A member hinged to the rotating
				  superstructure and used for supporting the hoisting tackle.
Luffing jib limiting device.
Similar to a boom
				  hoist limiting device, except that it limits the movement of the luffing
				  jib.
Marine worksite.
A construction worksite located
				  in, on or above the water.
Master coupling link.
An alloy steel welded
				  coupling link used as an intermediate link to join alloy steel chain to master
				  links.
Master link.
Forged or welded steel link used to
				  support all members (legs) of an alloy steel chain sling or wire rope
				  sling.
Mechanical coupling link (alloy steel chain).
A
				  non-welded, mechanically closed link used primarily to attach fittings to alloy
				  steel chain.
Mobile cranes.
A lifting device incorporating a
				  cable suspended latticed boom or hydraulic telescopic boom designed to be moved
				  between operating locations by transport over the road.
Moving point-to-point.
The times during which an
				  employee is in the process of going to or from a work station.
Multipurpose machine.
A machine that is designed
				  to be configured in various ways, at least one of which allows it to hoist (by
				  means of a winch or hook) and horizontally move a suspended load. For example,
				  a machine that can rotate and can be configured with removable forks/tongs (for
				  use as a forklift) or with a winch pack, jib (with a hook at the end) or jib
				  used in conjunction with a winch. When configured with the forks/tongs, it is
				  not covered by this part. When configured with a winch pack, jib (with a hook
				  at the end) or jib used in conjunction with a winch, it is covered by this
				  part.
Multiple lift rigging.
A rigging assembly
				  manufactured by wire rope rigging suppliers that facilitates the attachment of
				  up to 5 independent loads to the hoist rigging of a crane.
Nationally recognized accrediting agency.
An
				  organization that, due to its independence and expertise, is widely recognized
				  as competent to accredit testing organizations.
Nonconductive.
Because of the nature and
				  condition of the materials used, and the conditions of use (including
				  environmental conditions and condition of the material), the object in question
				  has the property of not becoming energized (that is, it has high dielectric
				  properties offering a high resistance to the passage of current under the
				  conditions of use).
Nonstandard tower crane base.
Any deviation from
				  the structural support or base configuration recommended by the crane
				  manufacturer.
Occasional or routine maintenance and repair
				  work.
Regular, customary and foreseeable work necessary to keep
				  equipment in good repair and/or condition. This also includes regular,
				  customary and foreseeable work necessary to return equipment to sound condition
				  after damage.
Operational aid.
An accessory that provides
				  information to facilitate operation of a crane or that takes control of
				  particular functions without action of the operator when a limiting condition
				  is sensed. Examples of such devices include, but are not limited to, the
				  following: Anti-two-block device, rated capacity indicator, rated capacity
				  (load) limiter, boom angle or radius indicator, lattice boom hoist disconnect
				  device, boom length indicator, drum rotation indicator, load indicator, and
				  wind speed indicator.
Operational controls.
Levers, switches, pedals
				  and other devices for controlling equipment operation.
Operator.
A person who is operating the
				  equipment.
Outriggers.
Extendable or fixed members attached
				  to the mounting base, which rests on supports at the outer ends, used to
				  support the crane.
Overhead/bridge and gantry cranes.
Includes
				  overhead/bridge cranes, cranes on monorails, under hung cranes, semigantry,
				  cantilever gantry, wall cranes, storage bridge cranes, launching gantry cranes,
				  and similar equipment, irrespective of whether it travels on tracks, wheels, or
				  other means.
Pendants.
Includes both wire and bar types. Wire
				  type: A fixed length of wire rope with mechanical fittings at both ends for
				  pinning segments of wire rope together. Bar type: Instead of wire rope, a bar
				  is used. Pendants are typically used in a latticed boom crane system to easily
				  change the length of the boom suspension system without completely changing the
				  rope on the drum when the boom length is increased or decreased.
Personal fall arrest system.
A fall arrest
				  system that is worn by the employee in a fall from elevation. It consists of an
				  anchor point, connectors, a full body harness, and may include a lanyard,
				  deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combination of these.
Personnel lifting.
Raising, lowering, or
				  transporting personnel using a crane/derrick.
Personnel platform - Boom attached.
A platform
				  attached to the boom of the crane.
Personnel platform - Suspended.
A platform
				  attached to a crane/derrick using wire rope, chain, or a jointed attachment and
				  that has no installed motion controls for the platform itself.
Personnel platform suspension system.
The rope
				  or chain slings and other components, including fastening devices, used to
				  connect the crane/derrick to the personnel platform.
Platform occupant.
A person who is within the
				  guardrail barrier while the personnel platform is in a hoisted position.
Platform rating.
The maximum capacity of a
				  personnel lifting platform, established by the platform manufacturer, in terms
				  of total weight and the number of occupants allowed.
Portal crane.
A type of crane consisting of a
				  rotating upper structure, hoist machinery, and boom mounted on top of a
				  structural gantry which may be fixed in one location or have travel capability.
				  The gantry legs or columns usually have portal openings in between to allow
				  passage of traffic beneath the gantry.
Power controlled lowering.
A system or device in
				  the power train, other than the load hoist brake, that can regulate the
				  lowering rate of speed of the load hoist mechanism.
Powerhouse.
A plant wherein electric energy is
				  produced by conversion from some other form of energy (e.g., chemical, nuclear,
				  solar, mechanical, or hydraulic) by means of suitable apparatus. This includes
				  all generating station auxiliaries and other associated equipment required for
				  the operation of the plant. Not included are stations producing power
				  exclusively for use with communication systems.
Power lines.
Electrical distribution and
				  electrical transmission lines.
Procedures.
Include, but are not limited to:
				  Instructions, diagrams, recommendations, warnings, specifications, protocols,
				  and limitations.
Proximity alarm.
A device that provides a
				  warning of proximity to a power line that has been listed, labeled or accepted
				  by a nationally recognized testing laboratory in accordance with
				  29
				  C.F.R. 1910.7.
Qualified crane operator.
A crane operator who
				  meets the requirements established by the department under
				  RCW
				  49.17.430.
Qualified evaluator (not a third party).
A
				  person employed by the signal person's or the rigger's employer (as applicable)
				  who has demonstrated that he/she is competent in accurately assessing whether
				  individuals meet the qualification requirements in this part for a signal
				  person or a rigger.
Qualified evaluator (third party).
An entity
				  that, due to its independence and expertise, has demonstrated that it is
				  competent in accurately assessing whether individuals meet the qualification
				  requirements in this part for a signal person or a rigger.
Qualified person.
A person who, by possession of
				  a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive
				  knowledge, training and experience, successfully demonstrated the ability to
				  solve/resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the
				  project.
Qualified rigger.
A rigger who meets the
				  requirements in WAC
				  296-155-53306.
Qualified signal person.
A signal person who
				  meets the requirements in WAC
				  296-155-53302.
Range control limit device.
A device that can be
				  set by an equipment operator to limit movement of the boom or jib tip to a
				  plane or multiple planes.
Range control warning device.
A device that can
				  be set by an equipment operator to warn that the boom or jib tip is at a plane
				  or multiple planes.
Rated capacity.
The maximum working load
				  permitted by the manufacturer under specified working conditions. Such working
				  conditions typically include a specific combination of factors such as
				  equipment configuration, radii, boom length, and other parameters of
				  use.
Rated capacity indicator.
See load moment
				  indicator.
Rated capacity limiter.
See load moment
				  limiter.
Repetitive pickup points.
Refer to, when
				  operating on a short cycle operation, the rope being used on a single layer and
				  being spooled repetitively over a short portion of the drum.
Rotation resistant rope.
A type of wire rope
				  construction which reduces the tendency of a rope to rotate about its axis
				  under load. Usually, this consists of an inner system of core strands laid in
				  one direction covered by an outer system of strands laid in the opposite
				  direction.
RPE.
A registered professional engineer licensed
				  under
				  RCW
				  18.43.040(1).
RPSE.
A registered professional structural
				  engineer licensed under
				  RCW
				  18.43.040(1).
Running wire rope.
A wire rope that moves over
				  sheaves or drums.
Runway.
A firm, level surface designed, prepared
				  and designated as a path of travel for the weight and configuration of the
				  crane being used to lift and travel with the crane suspended platform. An
				  existing surface may be used as long as it meets these criteria.
Safety devices.
Examples of safety devices are,
				  but are not limited to, the following: Horn, boom/jib or trolley stops, crane
				  level indicator, hydraulic holding device/check valve, rail clamps, rail stops,
				  brakes, deadman control or forced neutral return control, emergency stop
				  switch, guards, handrails, audible and visual alarms, etc.
Safety or health standard.
A standard adopted
				  under this chapter.
Section.
A section of this part, unless
				  otherwise specified.
Side-boom crane.
A track-type or wheel-type
				  tractor having a boom mounted on the side of the tractor, used for lifting,
				  lowering, or transporting a load suspended on the load hook. The boom or hook
				  can be lifted or lowered in a vertical direction only.
Sling.
An assembly to be used for lifting when
				  connected to a lifting mechanism. The upper portion of the sling is connected
				  to the lifting mechanism and the lower supports the load, as described in this
				  part.
Special hazard warnings.
Warnings of
				  site-specific hazards (for example, proximity of power lines).
Spiral.
A single transverse coil that is the
				  basic element from which metal mesh is fabricated.
Stability (flotation device).
The tendency of a
				  barge, pontoons, vessel, or other means of flotation to return to an upright
				  position after having been inclined by an external force.
Stabilizer.
An extendable or fixed member
				  attached to the mounting base to increase the stability of the crane, but that
				  may not have the capability of relieving all of the weight from the wheels or
				  tracks.
Standard method.
The hand signals established in
				  the applicable ASME B30 series and WAC
				  296-155-56400,
				  Mobile crane hand signal chart.
Standing wire rope.
A supporting wire rope which
				  maintains a constant distance between the points of attachment to the two
				  components connected by the wire rope.
Superstructure.
See upperworks.
Supporting materials.
Blocking, mats, cribbing,
				  marsh buggies (in marshes/wetlands), or similar supporting materials or
				  devices.
Taglines.
A rope (usually fiber) attached to a
				  lifted load for purposes of controlling load spinning and pendular motions or
				  used to stabilize a bucket or magnet during material handling
				  operations.
Tender.
An individual responsible for monitoring
				  and communication with a diver.
Tilt up or tilt down operation.
Raising/lowering
				  a load from the horizontal to vertical or vertical to horizontal.
Toe board.
A vertical barrier at foot level,
				  along the edges of the platform, to protect against material from falling over
				  the edge.
Top rail.
The top member of a barrier along the
				  edges of a platform to protect against persons from falling off the
				  platform.
Tower crane.
A type of lifting structure which
				  utilizes a vertical mast or tower to support a working boom (jib) in an
				  elevated position. Loads are suspended from the working boom. While the working
				  boom may be of the fixed type (horizontal or angled) or have luffing
				  capability, it can always rotate to swing loads, either by rotating on the top
				  of the tower (top slewing) or by the rotation of the tower (bottom slewing).
				  The tower base may be fixed in one location or ballasted and moveable between
				  locations. Mobile cranes that are configured with a luffing jib and/or tower
				  attachments are not considered tower cranes under this part.
Travel.
The function of the hoisting equipment
				  moving under its own power from one location to another.
Travel bogie (tower cranes).
An assembly of two
				  or more axles arranged to permit vertical wheel displacement and equalize the
				  loading on the wheels.
Trim.
The angle of inclination about the
				  transverse axis of a barge, pontoons, vessel or other means of
				  flotation.
Two blocking.
A condition in which a component
				  that is uppermost on the hoist line such as the load block, hook block,
				  overhaul ball, or similar component, comes in contact with the boom tip, fixed
				  upper block or similar component. This binds the system and continued
				  application of power can cause failure of the hoist rope or other
				  component.
Unavailable procedures.
Procedures that are no
				  longer available from the manufacturer, or have never been available from the
				  manufacturer.
Upperstructure.
See upperworks.
Upperworks.
The revolving frame of equipment on
				  which the operating machinery (and many cases the engine) are mounted along
				  with the operator's cab. The counterweight is typically supported on the rear
				  of the upperstructure and the boom or other front end attachment is mounted on
				  the front.
Up to.
Means "up to and including."
Vertical hitch.
A method of rigging a sling in
				  which the load is attached to the loop eye or end fitting at one end of the
				  sling and the loop eye or end fitting at the other end is attached to the
				  lifting device. Any hitch less than 5 degrees from the vertical may be
				  considered a vertical hitch.
Wire rope.
A flexible rope constructed by laying
				  steel wires into various patterns of multiwired strands around a core system to
				  produce a helically wound rope.
Working load.
The external load applied to the
				  hoisting equipment, including the personnel lifting platform, its contents, and
				  the load attaching equipment, such as lowered load block, shackles, and
				  slings.
Statutory Authority:
					 RCW
					 49.17.010,
					 49.17.040,
					 49.17.050,
					 49.17.060 and chapter 49.17 RCW,
					 and 29 C.F.R. 1926, Subpart CC. 13-02-068, § 296-155-52902, filed
					 12/31/12, effective 2/1/13. Statutory Authority:
					 RCW
					 49.17.010,
					 49.17.040,
					 49.17.050,
					 49.17.440,
					 49.17.060, and 29 C.F.R. 1926,
					 Subpart CC. 12-01-086, § 296-155-52902, filed 12/20/11, effective 2/1/12.
					 Statutory Authority:
					 RCW
					 49.17.010,
					 49.17.040,
					 49.17.050,
					 49.17.060, and chapter 49.17 RCW.
					 10-14-100, § 296-155-52902, filed 7/6/10, effective 9/1/10. Statutory
					 Authority:
					 RCW
					 49.17.010,
					 49.17.040,
					 49.17.050,
					 49.17.060,
					 49.17.400,
					 49.17.410,
					 49.17.420,
					 49.17.430, and
					 49.17.440. 08-22-080, §
					 296-155-52902, filed 11/4/08, effective
					 1/1/10.