Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection › ATCP 20-54 - Agricultural Resource Management › Chapter ATCP 50 - Soil And Water Resource Management Program › Subchapter VIII - Standards for Practices Receiving Financial Assistance › Appendix D

Current through June 24, 2024
NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
(Acre)
Code 590
Natural Resources Conservation Service
Conservation Practice Standard
I.
Definition
Managing the amount, source, placement, form, and timing
					 of the application of nutrients and soil amendments.
ll.
Purposes
This standard establishes the acceptable criteria and
					 documentation requirements for a plan that addresses the application and
					 budgeting1 of nutrients for plant production. All nutrient sources, including
					 soil reserves, commercial fertilizer, manure, organic byproducts, legume crops,
					 and crop residues shall be accounted for and properly utilized. These criteria
					 are intended to minimize nutrient entry into surface water, groundwater, and
					 atmospheric resources while maintaining and improving the physical, chemical,
					 and biological condition of the soil.
lll.
Conditions Where Practice Applies
This standard applies to all fields where plant nutrient
					 sources and soil amendments are applied during the course of a rotation.
lV. Federal, State, and Local Laws
Users of this standard are responsible for compliance with
					 applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules, or regulations governing
					 nutrient management systems. This standard does not contain the text of
					 federal, state, or local laws. Implementation of this standard may not
					 eliminate nutrient losses that could result in a violation of law.
V.
Criteria
This section establishes requirements for planning, design
					 parameters, acceptable management processes, and performance requirements for
					 nutrient management plan development and implementation. Nutrient management
					 plans shall be prepared according to all of Criteria A., B., C., D., and E.
All of the information contained in this section is
					 required. Wisconsin Conservation Planning Technical Note WI-1 is the companion
					 document to this standard and includes criteria that are required where
					 referenced within this section.
A. Criteria for Surface and Groundwater Resources
1. Nutrient Criteria for All Sitesa. Develop and implement
					 an annual field-specific nutrient application plan. Account for the source,
					 rate, timing, form, and method of application for all major nutrients
					 consistent with this standard and soil fertility recommendations found in
					 University of Wisconsin-Extension (UWEX) Publication A2809, "Soil Test
					 Recommendations for Field, Vegetable and Fruit Crops," unless use of one the
					 following options are appropriate:
* For crops not listed in A2809, use other appropriate
					 Land Grant University recommendations.
* For nutrient application decisions based on plant tissue
					 analysis, the sampling and testing of plants and the resulting nutrient
					 recommendations shall be done in accordance with University of Wisconsin
					 recommendations. See V.A.1.l.
Annual plan updates shall document the crops, tillage,
					 nutrient application rates, and methods actually implemented.
b. The plan shall be based on yield goals that are
					 attainable under average growing conditions and established using soil
					 productivity, local climate information, multi-year documented yields, and/or
					 local research on yields for similar soils and crop management systems. Yield
					 goals should not be higher than 15% above the previous 3-5 year average.
c. Soils shall be tested a minimum of once every four years
					 by a DATCP-certified laboratory for pH, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and
					 organic matter. A laboratory list is provided in Appendix 2 of the Wisconsin
					 Conservation Planning Technical Note WI-1. Soil sampling shall be consistent
					 with UWEX Publication A2100, "Sampling Soils for Testing." For perennial fruit
					 crops, use of soil test recommendations from UWEX Publication A-2809 is only
					 required as the basis for fertilizer applications prior to establishment of new
					 plantings. Subsequent nutrient recommendations should be based on plant tissue
					 analysis results. See V.A.1.l.
d. Annual P and K nutrient recommendations may be combined
					 into a single application that does not exceed the total nutrient
					 recommendation for the rotation. This combined annual application is not
					 allowed on frozen or snow covered soil. Commercial P fertilizers shall not be
					 applied to soils with P tests in the non-responsive range for the crop being
					 grown with the exception of not more than 20 pounds per acre P2O5 as starter
					 for corn or recommended rates of starter P2O5 for potatoes and other vegetable
					 crops as identified in UWEX Publication A3422, "Commercial Vegetable Production
					 in Wisconsin." All the P and K starter fertilizer shall be credited against
					 crop needs. When grouping fields for nutrient application purposes, N, P, and K
					 application rates shall match individual field recommendations as closely as
					 possible.
e. Where practical, adjust soil pH to the specific range of
					 the crop(s) grown to optimize nutrient utilization.
f. Available nitrogen from all sources shall not exceed the
					 annual N requirement of non-legume crops consistent with UWEX Publication
					 A2809, or the annual N uptake by legume crops. Because of variability in N
					 mineralization and manure applications, it is acceptable for available N to be
					 up to 20% more than the recommended N rate when legumes, manures, and organic
					 byproducts are used to meet the entire N requirement of the crop to be grown.
Starter N fertilizers are to be credited against crop
					 needs as follows: all N beyond 20 pounds per acres for corn and 40 pounds per
					 acre for potatoes.
g. First year available N in manure applied to fields prior
					 to legume crop establishment shall not exceed the first year's annual N removal
					 by legumes and companion crop. See Wisconsin Conservation Planning Technical
					 Note WI-1, Part II B.4.
h. First and second-year legume credits shall be applied as
					 identified in UWEX Publication A2809, Table 25, or through soil nitrate testing
					 as identified in UWEX Publication A3624, "Soil Nitrate Tests for Wisconsin
					 Cropping Systems."
i. Estimates of first-year available nutrient credits for
					 manure shall be established in accordance with one of the following methods:
(1) A manure analysis from a laboratory participating in
					 the Manure Analysis Proficiency (MAP) testing program and interpreted according
					 to Part III, Table 3 of the Wisconsin Conservation Planning Technical Note
					 WI-1, or (2) Estimates of first-year available nutrients from manure. See Part
					 III, Table 4 of the Wisconsin Conservation Planning Technical Note WI-1.
Note: It is strongly recommended that second-year nutrient
					 credits, especially for areas receiving consecutive manure applications, be
					 included in the nutrient management plan using values in Part III, Table 4 of
					 Wisconsin Conservation Planning Technical Note WI-1 or soil nitrate testing.
j. Organic byproducts other than manure (i.e., industrial
					 wastes, municipal sludge, and septage) applied to fields shall be analyzed for
					 nutrient content and applied in accordance with applicable regulations
					 including restrictions on heavy metal content and land application rates.
k. Manures, organic byproducts, and fertilizers shall not
					 run off the field site during or immediately after application. If ponding,
					 runoff, or drainage to subsurface tiles of the applied materials occurs,
					 implement the following activities as appropriate:
(1) Stop application.
(2) Take corrective action to prevent offsite movement.
(3) Modify the application (rate, method, depth of
					 injection, timing) to eliminate runoff or drainage to subsurface tiles.
(4) Notify the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
					 (WDNR) in the event that a spill or accidental release of any material or
					 substance when required by the Agricultural Spill Law (s.289.11, Wis. Stats.)
					 or the terms of a WPDES permit. Refer to the Wisconsin Conservation Planning
					 Technical Note WI-1, Part IV, for contact information and "Agricultural Spills
					 and How to Handle Them," Pub-RR-687-2002, August 2002.
L. Where nutrient application decisions are based on plant
					 tissue analysis, the sampling and testing of plants and the resulting nutrient
					 recommendations shall be done in accordance with University of Wisconsin
					 recommendations in the references section of this standard. Nutrient
					 recommendations for cranberries may be based on plant analysis as defined by
					 appropriate publications in the references section of this standard.
m. Where gleaning/pasturing occurs, verify through
					 computations that the nutrients deposited as manure within a field, do not
					 exceed the N and P requirements of this standard.
2. Nutrient Application Prohibitions
a. Nutrients shall not be spread on the following features:
(1) Surface water, established concentrated flow channels,
					 or non-harvested permanent vegetative buffers.
(2) A non-farmed wetland, sinkhole, nonmetallic mine, or
					 well.
(3) The area within 50 feet of a potable drinking water
					 well shall not receive mechanical applications of manure.
(4) Areas contributing runoff within 200 feet upslope of
					 direct conduits to groundwater such as a well, sinkhole, fractured bedrock at
					 the surface, tile inlet, or nonmetallic mine unless the nutrients are
					 effectively incorporated within 72 hours.
(5) Land where vegetation is not removed mechanically or by
					 grazing, except to provide nutrients for establishment and maintenance, unless
					 necessary in an emergency situation.
(6) Fields exceeding tolerable soil loss (T). Erosion
					 controls shall be implemented so that tolerable soil loss (T) over the crop
					 rotation will not be exceeded on fields that receive nutrients.
b. When frozen or snow-covered soils prevent effective
					 incorporation at the time of application and the nutrient application is
					 allowed, implement the following:
(1) Do not apply nutrients within the Surface Water Quality
					 Management Area (SWQMA) except for manure deposited through winter
					 gleaning/pasturing of plant residue.
(2) Do not apply nutrients to locally identified areas
					 delineated in a conservation plan as contributing nutrients to direct conduits
					 to groundwater or surface water as a result of runoff.
(3) Do not exceed the P removal of the following growing
					 season's crop when applying manure. Liquid manure applications are limited to
					 7,000 gallons per acre. The balance of the crop nutrient requirement may be
					 applied the following spring or summer. Winter applications shall be conducted
					 according to Section VII. B.
(4) Do not apply nutrients on slopes greater than 9%,
					 except for manure on slopes up to 12% where cropland is contoured or contour
					 strip cropped.
(5) Do not apply N and P in the form of commercial
					 fertilizer. An exception is allowed for grass pastures and on winter grains
					 that do not fall within a prohibition area defined by V.A.2.
3. Nutrient Application Restrictions a. When unincorporated
					 liquid manure applications (less than 12% solids) occur on non-frozen soils
					 within a SWQMA, use Table 1 to determine maximum acceptable rates. No
					 applications are allowed on saturated soils.
Sequential applications may be made to meet the desired
					 nutrient additions consistent with this standard. Prior to subsequent
					 applications soils shall be evaluated using Table 1 or wait a minimum of 7
					 days.
Table 1
Surface Texture
								  Class1
Max Application Rate
gal/acre
Allowable Soil
Moisture
Description for
Applications
<30%*
>30%*
Fine
3000
5000
Easily ribbons out between fingers, has a slick
								  feel.
Medium
5000
7500
Forms a ball, is very pliable, slicks readily
								  with clay.
Coarse
7000
10000
Forms a weak ball, breaks easily.
1 Fine - clay, silty clay, silty clay loam, clay loam
Medium - sandy clay, sandy clay loam, loam, silt loam,
					 silt
Coarse - loamy sand, sandy loam, sand. This category
					 also
includes peat and muck based on their infiltration
					 capacity.
*Crop residue or vegetative cover on the soil surface
					 after manure application.
b. For all nutrient applications on non-frozen soil within
					 a SWQMA use one or more of the following practices as appropriate to address
					 water quality concerns for the site:
(1) Install/maintain permanent vegetative buffers
					 (harvesting is allowed unless restricted by other laws or programs). Refer to
					 NRCS Field Office Technical Guide (FOTG), Section IV, Standard 393, Filter
					 Strip, or ATCP 48 for land in drainage districts.
(2) Maintain greater than 30% crop residue or vegetative
					 cover on the soil surface after nutrient application.
(3) Incorporate nutrients within 72 hours leaving adequate
					 residue to meet tolerable soil losses.
(4) Establish cover crops promptly following application.
B. Criteria to Minimize Entry of Nutrients to Groundwater
To minimize N leaching to groundwater on high permeability
					 soils, or soils with less than 20 inches to bedrock, or soils with less than 12
					 inches to apparent water table, or within 1000 feet of a municipal well, apply
					 the following applicable management practices:
Note: A list of soils with a high potential for N leaching
					 to groundwater is provided in Appendix 1 of the Wisconsin Conservation Planning
					 Technical Note WI-1.
1. Where sources of N are applied:
a. No fall commercial N applications except for
					 establishment of fall-seeded crops. Commercial N application rates, where
					 allowed, shall not exceed 30 pounds of available N per acre.
b. On irrigated fields, including irrigated manure, apply
					 one of the following management strategies:
(1) A split or delayed N application to apply a majority of
					 crop N requirement after crop establishment.
(2) Utilize a nitrification inhibitor with ammonium forms
					 of N.
2. When manure is applied in late summer or fall to meet
					 the fertility needs of next year's crop and soil temperatures are greater than
					 50°F, apply one of the following options:
a. Use a nitrification inhibitor with liquid manure and
					 limit N rate to 120 pounds available N per acre.
b. Delay applications until after September 15 and limit
					 available N rate to 90 pounds per acre.
c. Apply to fields with perennial crops or fall-seeded
					 crops. N application shall not exceed 120 pounds available N per acre or the
					 crop N requirement, whichever is less.
3. When manure is applied in the fall and soil temperatures
					 are 50°F or less, limit available N from manure application to 120 pounds
					 per acre or the crop N requirement, whichever is less.
Note: The restrictions in B. 2. and 3. do not apply to
					 spring manure applications prior to planting. The balance of the crop N
					 requirements may be applied the following spring or summer.
4. Where P enrichment of groundwater is identified as a
					 conservation planning concern, implement practices to reduce delivery of P to
					 groundwater.
C. Additional Criteria to Minimize Entry of Nutrients to
					 Surface Water
1. Where manure, organic byproducts, or fertilizers are
					 applied:
a. Avoid building soil test P values when possible beyond
					 the non-responsive soil test range for the most demanding crop in the rotation.
					 For most agronomic crops in Wisconsin, the non-responsive soil test range is 30
					 to 50 parts per million (ppm) Bray P-1 soil test.
b. Establish perennial vegetative cover in all areas of
					 concentrated flow resulting in reoccurring gullies.
2. Develop a P management strategy when manure or organic
					 by-products are applied during the crop rotation to minimize surface water
					 quality impacts. Use either the Phosphorus Index (PI) in section a., or Soil
					 Test Phosphorus Management Strategy found in section b. The single strategy
					 chosen, either a. or b., shall be applied uniformly to all fields within a farm
					 or tract.
Note: First year available N in manure applied to fields
					 prior to legume crop establishment shall not exceed the first year's annual N
					 removal by legumes and companion crop. See Wisconsin Conservation Planning
					 Technical Note WI-1, Part II B.4. Available N applied cannot exceed the N need
					 or legume crop N removal of the next crop to be grown.
a. PI Strategy - The planned average PI values for up to an
					 8-year rotation in each field shall be 6 or lower. P applications on fields
					 with an average PI greater than 6 may be made only if additional P is needed
					 according to UWEX soil fertility recommendations. Strategies for reducing the
					 PI, algorithms, and software for calculating the Wisconsin PI can be found at
http://wpindex.soils.wisc.edu/
.
b. Soil Test Phosphorus Strategy - Management strategies
					 based on soil test phosphorus may be used. Operations using this strategy shall
					 have a conservation plan addressing all soil erosion consistent with the
					 current crops and management or use the erosion assessment tools included with
					 the Phosphorus Index model. In crop fields where ephemeral erosion is an
					 identified problem, a minimum of one of the following runoff-reducing practices
					 shall be implemented:
* Install/maintain contour strips and/or contour buffer
					 strips. Refer to NRCS FOTG, Section IV, Standard 585, Strip Cropping, and/or
					 Standard 332, Contour Buffer Strip.
* Install/maintain filter strips (NRCS FOTG, Section IV,
					 Standard 393, Filter Strip) along surface waters and concentrated flow channels
					 that empty into surface waters that are within or adjoin areas where manure
					 will be applied.
* Maintain greater than 30% crop residue or vegetative
					 cover on the soil surface after planting.
* Establish fall cover crops.
Available phosphorus applications from all sources shall
					 be based on the following soil test P values (Bray P-1).
(1) Less than 50 ppm soil test P: nutrient application
					 rates allowed up to the N needs of the following crop or the N removal for the
					 following legume crop.
(2) 50-100 ppm soil test P: P application shall not exceed
					 the total crop P removal for crops to be grown over a maximum rotation length
					 of 8 years.
(3) Greater than 100 ppm soil test P: eliminate P
					 applications, if possible, unless required by the highest P demanding crop in
					 the rotation. If applications are necessary, applications shall be 25% less
					 than the cumulative annual crop removal over a maximum rotation length of 8
					 years.
(4) For land with potatoes in the rotation, total P
					 applications shall not exceed crop removal over a maximum rotation length of 8
					 years if soil tests are in the optimum, high, or excessively high range for
					 potatoes.
D. Additional Criteria to Minimize N and Particulate Air
					 Emissions
Where air quality is identified in a conservation plan as
					 a resource concern, apply a management strategy that minimizes nutrient
					 volatilization and particulate losses while maintaining tolerable soil erosion
					 levels for wind and water.
E. Additional Criteria to Protect the Physical, Chemical,
					 and Biological Condition of the Soil
1. Nutrients shall be applied in such a manner as not to
					 permanently degrade the soil's structure, chemical properties, or biological
					 condition.
2. To the extent practical, nutrients shall not be applied
					 to flooded or saturated soil when the potential for soil compaction and/or the
					 creation of ruts is high.
VI.
Considerations
The following are optional management considerations and
					 are not required practices.
A. Promote seeding and stabilization of concentrated flow
					 channels, installation and maintenance of vegetative filter strips, riparian
					 buffers and other buffer strips adjacent to surface water and wetlands in
					 conjunction with other conservation practices in order to reduce the amounts of
					 sediment and nutrients that reach surface water and/or groundwater.
B. Corn nitrogen recommendations in A2809 can be adjusted
					 for the effects of current corn and nitrogen fertilizer prices using the N rate
					 calculator available at http://www.uwex.edu/ces/crops/NComparison.htm.
					 Additional management practices that can be utilized to improve N use
					 efficiency can be found in the Wisconsin Conservation Planning Technical Note
					 WI-1, Part II.
C. Apply nutrients not specifically addressed by this
					 standard (i.e., secondary and micro nutrients) based on recommendations found
					 in UWEX Publication A2809.
Since specific environmental concerns have not been
					 identified for potassium (K), K additions in manure or bio-solids will be
					 determined by rate limits for the N or P in those materials. Commercial
					 fertilizer K applications equal to crop removal will avoid building soil test K
					 levels. K may be applied equal to crop removal at any soil test K level. Dairy
					 producers should monitor K levels in forages and take additional steps to
					 reduce soil K levels if consumption of forage with high K levels becomes an
					 animal health problem.
D. To minimize N leaching on medium and fine-textured
					 soils, avoid fall commercial N applications for crops to be seeded the
					 following spring. When commercial N is applied in the fall, use ammonium forms
					 of N and delay N application until soil temperatures drop below 50°F. Use
					 of a nitrification inhibitor with fall-applied N is recommended.
E. Irrigated fields should use irrigation scheduling
					 strategies with the intent of minimizing leaching losses and improving water
					 use efficiency and not exceeding intake/infiltration capacity of the soil.
F. Consider the use of animal feeding strategies based on
					 published nutrition research findings (National Research Council, etc.) to
					 reduce excess P in rations when manure applications are made to cropland.
G. Consider delaying surface applications of manure or
					 other organic byproducts if precipitation capable of producing runoff is
					 forecast within 24 hours of the time of planned application.
H. Consider modifications to the crop rotation to provide
					 crop fields for the application of manure during the summer crop growing
					 season.
I. Manure top-dressed on existing forages should not exceed
					 the nutrient equivalent of 35 pounds N - 25 pounds P2O5 - 80 pounds K2O (first
					 year availability per acre) or no more than 10 tons of solid manure per acre
					 per harvest. Additional management considerations can be found in "Applying
					 Manure to Alfalfa," North Central Regional Research Report 346.
J. For fields directly adjacent to, or with areas of
					 concentrated or channelized flow that drain directly to, Outstanding,
					 Exceptional or nutrient impaired surface waters, avoid raising soil test P
					 levels to the maximum extent practicable. In addition, implement conservation
					 practices that reduce delivery of nutrients to these waters. For operations
					 using the P-Index in high environmental risk areas, the P-Index values should
					 be reduced to the maximum extent practicable by applying additional using
					 conservation practices.
K. Where residual nitrate carryover is probable, the
					 preplant soil nitrate test is recommended to adjust N application rates.
VII.
Plans and Specifications
A. The minimum requirements for a nutrient management plan
					 are specified in the previous sections of this standard and expanded in Part I
					 of the Wisconsin Conservation Planning Technical Note WI-1. Include in a
					 nutrient management plan:
* a soil map and aerial photograph of the site;
* current and planned crops and crop yields; realistic
					 yield goals;
* results of soil, plant, manure, or organic byproduct
					 sample analysis;
* recommended nutrient application rates;
* documentation of actual nutrient applications including
					 the rate, form, timing, and method. Revise the plan to reflect any changes in
					 crops, yields, tillage, management, and soil or manure analyses;
* the location of sensitive areas and the resulting
					 nutrient application restrictions;
* guidance for implementation, maintaining records;
* each field's tolerable and actual soil losses;
* soil test P-ppm; P balance, or P Index level where
					 applicable;
* other management activities required by regulation,
					 program requirements, or producer goals;
* a narrative to explain other implementation
					 clarifications.
B. Winter Spreading Plan - The plan shall identify those
					 areas of fields that meet the restrictions for frozen or snow-covered ground
					 identified in this standard. If necessary, land application of manure on frozen
					 and snow-covered ground shall occur on those fields accessible at the time of
					 application that represent the lowest risk of runoff and deliverability to
					 areas of concentrated and channelized flow and surface waters. Low-risk fields
					 shall be identified using either the P-Index or an approved conservation plan.
					 In general, fields most suitable for land application during frozen and
					 snow-covered ground conditions include those fields:
* with low slope,
* with low erosion,
* with high levels of surface roughness,
* with the greatest distance to surface waters and areas of
					 concentrated flow,
* with no drainage to Outstanding/ Exceptional/nutrient
					 impaired water bodies,
* with low delivery potential during active snowmelt.
Refer to section VIII.E for storage/infield stacking of
					 manure during periods of active snowmelt.
C. Persons who review or approve plans for nutrient
					 management shall be certified through any certification program acceptable to
					 the NRCS (NRCS General Manual, Title 180, Part 409.9, NRCS TechReg) or other
					 appropriate agencies within the state.
D. Industrial wastes and byproducts and municipal sludge
					 are regulated by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR). They
					 must be spread in accordance with a Wisconsin Pollution Discharge Elimination
					 System (WPDES) permit as obtained from the WDNR.
E. Plans for nutrient management shall be developed in
					 accordance with policy requirements of the NRCS General Manual Title 450 Part
					 401.03 and Title 190, Part 402, the contents of this standard, the procedures
					 contained in the National Planning Procedures Handbook, and NRCS National
					 Agronomy Manual, Section 503.
F. Plans for Nutrient Management that are elements of a
					 more comprehensive conservation plan shall recognize other requirements of the
					 conservation plan and be compatible with the other requirements. A
					 Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan (CNMP) is a conservation system unique
					 to animal feeding operations (AFO). The CNMP will be developed to address the
					 environmental risks identified during the resource inventory of an AFO. A CNMP
					 will require use of all the applicable criteria in this technical standard
					 along with the additional criteria located in NRCS National Planning Procedures
					 Handbook, Subpart B, Part 600.54.
VIII.
Operation and Maintenance
A. Document the actual nutrient application including the
					 rate, form, timing, and method of the application. Revise the plan to reflect
					 any changes in crops, tillage or management, soils, and manure tests.
B. Evaluate the need to modify field operations to reduce
					 the risk of large nutrient losses during a single runoff event based on current
					 field conditions or forecasted weather events.
C. Minimize operator exposure to potentially toxic gases
					 associated with manure, organic wastes, and chemical fertilizers, particularly
					 in enclosed areas. Wear protective clothing appropriate to the material being
					 handled.
D. Protect commercial fertilizer from the weather, and
					 agricultural waste storage facilities from accidental leakage or spillage. See
					 Wisconsin administrative rules and county or local ordinances concerning
					 regulations on siting, design, operation, and maintenance of these facilities.
E. During periods when land application is not suitable,
					 manure shall be stored in a manure storage facility designed in accordance with
					 the criteria contained in NRCS FOTG Standard 313, Waste Storage Facility.
					 Temporary management of manure shall be in accordance with the criteria for
					 temporary unconfined stacks of manure contained in Table 7 of Standard 313.
F. When cleaning equipment after nutrient application,
					 remove and save fertilizers or wastes in an appropriate manner. If the
					 application equipment system is flushed, use the rinse water in the following
					 batch of nutrient mixture where possible or dispose of according to state and
					 local regulations. Always avoid cleaning equipment near high runoff areas,
					 ponds, lakes, streams, and other water bodies. Extreme care must be exercised
					 to avoid contaminating potable drinking water wells.
G. The application equipment shall be calibrated to achieve
					 the desired application rate.
IX.
References
Cranberry Tissue Testing for Producing Beds in North
					 America (1995) Davenport et al., Oregon State Univ. Ext. Serv. Pub.
					 CM8610.
Mineral Nutrition for Fruit Crops, Roper, Univ. of
					 Wisconsin Dept. of Horticulture Pub.
National Research Council (NRC) Nutrient Requirements of
					 Dairy Cattle, National Academy Press, 7th Revised Edition, 2001.
Nitrogen for Bearing Cranberries in North America (2000)
					 Davenport et al., Oregon State Univ. Ext. Pub.
North Central Regional Research Report 346, Applying
					 Manure to Alfalfa, December 2003.
Phosphorus for Bearing Cranberries in North America (2004)
					 Roper et al., Univ. of Wisconsin Ext. Pub.
TechReg Website:
http://techreg.usda.gov
USDA, NRCS, General Manual, Title 180, Part 409
					 Conservation Planning Policy, Wisconsin Supplement 409.9, Minimum Criteria to
					 Achieve an NRCS Certified Conservation Planner Designation.
USDA, NRCS, General Manual, Title 190, Part 402, Nutrient
					 Management.
USDA, NRCS, National Agronomy Manual, October 2002.
USDA, NRCS, National Planning Procedures Handbook,
					 Amendment 4, March 2003.
USDA, NRCS, National Handbook of Conservation Practices,
					 Subpart B, Part 600.54, Element Criteria for CNMP Development.
USDA, NRCS, Wisconsin Conservation Planning Technical Note
					 WI-1, Companion Document to NRCS FOTG Standard 590, Nutrient Management.
USDA, NRCS, Wisconsin Field Office Technical Guide (FOTG),
					 Section I, Erosion Prediction, Maps.
USDA, NRCS, Wisconsin Field Office Technical Guide (FOTG),
					 Section II, Soil Interpretations (T-Value).
USDA, NRCS, Wisconsin Field Office Technical Guide (FOTG),
					 Section IV, Practice Standards and Specifications.
University of Wisconsin-Extension (UWEX) Publication
					 A2100, Sampling Soils for Testing, May 2, 2001.
University of Wisconsin-Extension (UWEX) Publication
					 A2809, Soil Test Recommendations for Field, Vegetable, and Fruit Crops, revised
					 1998.
University of Wisconsin-Extension (UWEX) Publication
					 A3340, Corn Fertilization.
University of Wisconsin-Extension (UWEX) Publication
					 A3392, Guidelines for Applying Manure to Cropland and Pasture in Wisconsin,
					 August, 1995.
University of Wisconsin-Extension (UWEX) Publication
					 A3422, Commercial Vegetable Production in Wisconsin, 2005.
University of Wisconsin-Extension (UWEX) Publication
					 A3512, Wisconsin's Preplant Soil Profile Nitrate Test, 1990.
University of Wisconsin-Extension (UWEX) Publication
					 A3517, Using Legumes as a Nitrogen Source, September 1997.
University of Wisconsin Extension (UWEX) Publication
					 A3557, Nutrient Management: Practices for Wisconsin Corn Production, September
					 1994.
University of Wisconsin-Extension (UWEX) Publication
					 A3568, A Step-by-Step Guide to Nutrient Management, May 1992.
University of Wisconsin-Extension (UWEX) Publication
					 A3624, Soil Nitrate Tests for Wisconsin Cropping Systems, 1994.
University of Wisconsin-Extension (UWEX) Publication
					 A3634, Nitrogen Management on Sandy Soils, 1995.
University of Wisconsin-Extension (UWEX), Nitrogen Source
					 and $ Rate of Return Calculator, Rankin, http://www.uwex.e [File Link Not
					 Available] du/ces/crops/NComparison.htm
University of Wisconsin-Extension (UWEX), NPM Program,
					 Know How Much You Haul!, ipcm.wisc.edu.
University of Wisconsin-Extension (UWEX) Publication
					 A3769, Recommended Methods of Manure Analysis, 2003.
University of Wisconsin Soil and Forage Analysis Lab
					 Sampling for plant analysis: http://uwlab.dyndns.org/marshfield/2 [File Link
					 Not Available](Click on Lab procedures and then plant analysis).
Wisconsin Administrative Code, Department of Agriculture,
					 Trade and Consumer Protection, Chapter 48, Drainage Districts.
Wisconsin Phosphorus Index: http://wpindex.soils.wisc [File
					 Link Not Available]. edu/.
X.
Definitions
Apparent Water Table (V.B) - Continuous saturated zone in
					 the soil to a depth of at least 6 feet without an unsaturated zone below it.
Budgeting (II) - Document present and prior year's crop,
					 estimated nutrient removal by these crops and known nutrient credits. When
					 nutrients are applied for future crop needs in the rotation, implement a
					 tracking process to allow adjustment of subsequent nutrient applications so
					 that the total amount of nutrients applied to the farm or tract complies with
					 this standard and is documented in the plan. Required as a component for all
					 nutrient management plans (VII.A.; Wisconsin Conservation Planning Technical
					 Note WI-1 Part 1 B.d.
(1),
(2); C.6.).
Concentrated Flow Channel (V.A.2.a.(1)) - A natural
					 channel or constructed channel that has been shaped or graded to required
					 dimensions and established in perennial vegetation for the stable conveyance of
					 runoff. This definition may include non-vegetated channels caused by ephemeral
					 erosion. These channels include perennial and intermittent streams, drainage
					 ditches, and drainage ends identified on the NRCS soil survey and not already
					 classified as SWQMAs. Concentrated flow channels are also identifiable as
					 contiguous up-gradient deflections of contour lines on the USGS 1:24,000 scale
					 topographic map. The path of flow to surface water or direct conduits to
					 groundwater must be documented. For construction, refer to NRCS FOTG Standard
					 412, Grassed Waterway, for more information.
Conservation Plan (V.A.2.b.(2)) - A plan developed and
					 field verified by a conservation planner to document crop management and the
					 conservation practices used to control sheet and rill erosion to tolerable
					 levels (T) and to provide treatment of ephemeral soil erosion. A conservation
					 plan must be signed by the land operator and approved by the county land
					 conservation committee or their representative. A conservation plan will be
					 needed for designating winter spreading restrictions other than those
					 specifically listed in this standard, and when implementing the soil test P
					 management strategy where the soil erosion assessment is not calculated with
					 the Wisconsin Phosphorus Index model. A conservation planner must develop
					 conservation plans using the minimum criteria found in the USDA, NRCS National
					 Planning Procedures Handbook and the Wisconsin Field Office Technical Guide and
					 be qualified by one of the following:
1. Meeting the minimum criteria in the NRCS General Manual,
					 Title 180, Part 409.9(c), NRCS Certified Conservation Planner Designation.
2. Meeting criteria established by the county land
					 conservation committee.
3. Meeting the NRCS TechReg Certified Conservation Planner
					 Option 1, 2, 3.
Direct Conduits to Groundwater (V.A.2.a.(4)) - Wells,
					 sinkholes, swallets (a sinkhole or rock hole that intercepts a stream,
					 diverting all or a portion of it to the groundwater), fractured bedrock at the
					 surface, mine shafts, non-metallic mines, tile inlets discharging to
					 groundwater quarries, or depressional groundwater recharge areas over shallow
					 fractured bedrock. For the purpose of nutrient management planning, these
					 features will be identified on the NRCS soil survey and/or USGS 1:24,000 scale
					 topographic map, or otherwise determined through on-site evaluation and
					 documented in a conservation plan.
Documented yields (V.A.1.b.) - Crop production
					 yield-records documented by field for at least two consecutive years that are
					 used to determine phosphorus and potassium fertility recommendations. Yield
					 record documentation may include measurements of harvested crop weight, volume,
					 or the use of calibrated yield-monitors.
Effectively Incorporated (V.A.2.a.(4)) - Means the mixing
					 with the topsoil or residue or subsurface placement of nutrients with topsoil
					 by such means as injector, disc, sweep, mold-board plow, chisel plow, or other
					 tillage/infiltration methods. Nutrients will not run off the field or drain to
					 subsurface tiles during application.
Fields (III) - A group or single nutrient management unit
					 with the following conditions: similar soil type, similar cropping history,
					 same place in rotation (i.e., second year corn fields, established alfalfa),
					 similar nutrient requirements, and close proximity. Examples include: alternate
					 strips in a contour strip system, pasture, variable rate nutrient application
					 management units, and other management units where grouping facilitates
					 implementation of the nutrient management plan.
Gleaning / Pasturing (V.A.1.m.) - An area of land where
					 animals graze or otherwise seek feed in a manner that maintains the vegetative
					 cover over all the area and where the vegetative cover is the primary food
					 source for the animals. Livestock shall be managed to avoid the routine
					 concentration of animals within the same area of the field. Manure deposited
					 near a well by grazing of livestock does not require incorporation.
High Permeability Soils (V.B) - Equivalent to drained
					 hydrologic group A that meet both of the following criteria:
1. Permeability = 6 inches/hour or more in all parts of the
					 upper 20 inches and
2. Permeability = 0.6 inches/hour or more in all parts of
					 the upper 40 inches.
Use the lowest permeability listed for each layer when
					 evaluating a soil. For a multi-component map unit (complex), evaluate each
					 component separately. If the high permeability components meet the criteria and
					 cannot be separated, the entire map unit should be considered as high
					 permeability.
Major Nutrients (V.A.1.a) - Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P),
					 and potassium (K).
Note (V.A.1.i.) - Any section labeled as a `note' is to be
					 considered a recommendation rather than a requirement. The note is included in
					 the criteria section to ensure subject continuity.
Permanent Vegetative Buffer (V.A.2.a.(1)) - A strip or
					 area of perennial herbaceous vegetation situated between cropland, grazing
					 land, or disturbed land (including forest land) and environmentally sensitive
					 areas (as defined in NRCS Technical Standard 393, Filter Strip).
Phosphorus Index (PI) (V.C.2) - The Wisconsin Phosphorus
					 Index (PI) is an assessment of the potential for a given field to deliver P to
					 surface water. The PI assessment takes into account factors that contribute to
					 P losses in runoff from a field and subsequent transport to a water body,
					 including:
* Soil erosion as calculated using the current approved
					 NRCS soil erosion prediction technology located in Section I of the NRCS FOTG.
* Estimated annual field rainfall and snowmelt runoff
					 volume.
* Soil P concentrations as measured by routine soil test P
					 (Bray P-1).
* Rate and management of P applications in the form of
					 fertilizer, manure, or other organic material.
* Characteristics of the runoff flow pathway from the
					 field to surface water.
The algorithms and software for calculating the Wisconsin
					 PI can be found at
http://wpindex.soils.wisc.edu/
.
Rotation (III) - The sequence of crops to be grown for up
					 to an 8-year period as specified by the conservation plan or as part of the
					 soil erosion assessment calculated with the Wisconsin Phosphorus Index model.
Saturated Soils (V.A.3.a) - Soils where all pore spaces
					 are occupied by water and where any additional inputs of water or liquid wastes
					 cannot infiltrate into the soil.
Surface Water Quality Management Areas (SWQMA)
					 (V.A.2.b.(1)) - For the purposes of nutrient management planning, Surface Water
					 Quality Management Areas are defined as follows:
1. The area within 1,000 feet from the ordinary high-water
					 mark of navigable waters that consist of a lake, pond or flowage, except that,
					 for a navigable water that is a glacial pothole lake, "surface water quality
					 management area" means the area within 1,000 feet from the high-water mark of
					 the lake.
2. The area within 300 feet from the ordinary high-water
					 mark of navigable waters that consists of a river or stream that is defined as:
* Perennial streams (continuous flow) identified on the
					 NRCS soil survey and/or USGS 1:24,000 scale topographic map as solid
					 lines,
* Otherwise determined through an onsite evaluation and
					 documented in an approved conservation plan.
Areas within the SWQMA that do not drain to the water body
					 are excluded from this definition.
Tile Inlet (V.A.2.a.(4)) - The interception of surface
					 runoff within a concentrated flow channel or field depression, by a constructed
					 device designed to direct runoff into an underground tile for conveyance to
					 surface or groundwater.
Tolerable Soil Loss (T) - For sheet and rill erosion
					 (V.A.2.a.(6)) - T-value means the maximum rate of soil erosion established for
					 each soil type that will permit crop productivity to be sustained economically
					 and indefinitely. Erosion calculations shall be based on current approved
					 erosion prediction technology found in NRCS FOTG Section I or the soil loss
					 assessment calculated using the Phosphorous Index Model. Tolerable soil erosion
					 rates shall be determined using the RUSLE2 Related Attributes Report located in
					 Section 2, e-FOTG, Soil Report.