reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter VI - Chemical Addition › Section NR 811.39 - Feed equipment

Current through June 24, 2024
(1) NUMBER OF FEEDERS. If chemical feed, such
				  as chlorination, coagulation or other essential processes, is necessary to
				  produce a water quality meeting the primary maximum contaminant levels, a
				  minimum of 2 feeders shall be provided so that a standby unit or combination of
				  units will be available to replace the largest unit during shut-downs. Spare
				  parts shall be available for all feeders to replace parts which are subject to
				  wear and damage.
(2) DESIGN AND
				  CAPACITY. The design and capacity of chemical feed equipment shall meet all of
				  the following requirements:
(a)
Separate chemical feed systems.
Separate chemical feed systems
				  shall be provided in accordance with the following requirements:
1. A separate feed system shall be provided
				  for each chemical.
2. Separate
				  disinfection chemical feed systems shall be provided if pre- and post- water
				  treatment disinfection application points are installed.
3. Each chemical feed pump or gas feeder
				  shall take suction from its own dedicated chemical solution tank or gas
				  cylinders. The department may approve multiple chemical feed pumps or gas
				  feeders for the same process application point taking suction from the same
				  chemical solution tank or gas cylinders in the following situations:
a. Where multiple water sources are
				  discharging to the same location. In this case, a means shall be provided for
				  determining the flow from each individual water source.
b. Where multiple pumps are pumping from the
				  same water source and discharging to the same location through a combined
				  header pipe. In this case, a means shall be provided for measuring total
				  flow.
c. For the situations in
				  subd. 3. a. and b., a single chemical feeder with a single feed point or
				  multiple chemical feeders with multiple feed points may be used, provided the
				  installation meets the other requirements of this subchapter.
Note:
An example of subd. 3. a. would be
					 multiple wells discharging to a single reservoir or water treatment plant. An
					 example of subd. 3. b. would be multiple high-lift pumps taking suction from a
					 single reservoir and discharging to a combined pump discharge
					 pipe.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter VII - Treatment › Section NR 811.41 - General treatment design

Current through June 24, 2024
The design of treatment processes and devices shall depend
					 on evaluation of the nature and quality of the particular water to be treated
					 and the desired quality of the finished water. Treatment shall be provided by
					 each supplier of water if necessary in order to ensure that the finished water
					 supplied to consumers meets the primary maximum contaminant levels contained in
					 ch. NR 809 and is not objectionable to an appreciable number of consumers. The
					 requirements of specific treatment processes are provided in ss.
					 NR
					 811.42 to
					 811.60.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter VII - Treatment › Section NR 811.42 - Treatment of water from surface water sources

Current through June 24, 2024
Treatment of water from surface water sources shall meet
					 the following requirements:
(1)
				  GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. All public water supply systems drawing water from lakes,
				  rivers, streams, or other surface water sources shall, after the water is
				  drawn, treat the water as provided in this chapter. In general and at a
				  minimum, this treatment shall include coagulation, sedimentation, and
				  filtration plus disinfection or membrane filtration plus disinfection.
				  Filtration is required in all cases. Total plant removal and inactivation shall
				  provide a minimum 99.9 percent (3-log) inactivation of Cryptosporidium and
				  Giardia Lamblia plus 99.99 percent (4-log) inactivation of viruses.
(2) TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS. The following
				  treatment requirements shall be met:
(a)
				  Conventional plants consisting of coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration
				  that meet the turbidity requirements in s.
				  NR
				  810.29(1) are granted the following
				  removal credits: 99.7 percent (2.5-log) Giardia Lamblia, 99.9 percent (3.0-log)
				  Cryptosporidium and 99 percent (2-log) virus. The remaining 68 percent
				  (0.5-log) Giardia Lamblia inactivation and 99 percent (2.0-log) virus
				  inactivation shall be provided by CT disinfection. For conventional plants, a
				  minimum of one-half of the required CT shall be provided after
				  filtration.
(b) Log removal credit
				  for membrane filtration shall be site specific as approved by the
				  department.
(c) Additional
				  treatment may be required by the department as provided in s.
				  NR
				  810.35.
(d) The department may approve any request
				  for a deviation from required treatment methods based on data which shows that
				  the requirements of this chapter are unnecessary in the specific
				  case.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter VII - Treatment › Section NR 811.43 - Treatment of water from groundwater sources

Current through June 24, 2024
Treatment of water from groundwater sources shall meet the
					 following requirements:
(1)
				  DISINFECTION CAPABILITY REQUIRED. All municipal water systems constructed or
				  modified after December 1, 2010, shall have equipment and the necessary
				  appurtenances that can continuously disinfect the water. The department may
				  require the installation of disinfection equipment at existing
				  other-than-municipal water systems if necessary to ensure a safe water
				  supply.
(2) DISINFECTANT RESIDUAL
				  REQUIREMENTS. Disinfection of water drawn from groundwater sources is to
				  supplement and not replace proper well location, construction, and source
				  protection. When disinfection of water drawn from a groundwater source is
				  required to maintain bacteriologically safe water, the residual maintained in
				  the distribution system and the residual monitoring is the same as that
				  required for surface water in s.
				  NR 811.42
				  (5).
(3) DISINFECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR WELLS.
				  Specific disinfection requirements for wells are provided in subch. II. Any
				  additional disinfection requirements for wells will be developed by the
				  department if necessary on a case by case basis.
(4) DISINFECTION OF GROUNDWATER EXPOSED TO
				  THE ATMOSPHERE AS PART OF A TREATMENT PROCESS. Disinfection of water drawn from
				  groundwater sources is required at facilities that expose the water to the
				  atmosphere, such as open basins, open filters, air stripping towers, or gravity
				  aerators.
(5) REQUIRED ACTIONS FOR
				  WELLS WITH NON-COMPLYING WATER QUALITY. One of the following actions shall be
				  taken after consulting with the department if untreated water drawn from a
				  groundwater source exceeds one or more of the primary maximum contaminant
				  levels in ch. NR 809 or a department health advisory:
(a) The well shall be removed from service
				  and permanently abandoned.
(b) The
				  well shall be removed from service and either reconstructed or provided with
				  permanent treatment to provide complying water quality. Wells may temporarily
				  continue in service without reconstruction or providing permanent treatment
				  only as approved by the department. Department approval is required prior to
				  reconstructing the well or providing water treatment. Under emergency
				  conditions, the department may allow temporary use of a well from which
				  bacteriologically contaminated groundwater is drawn if disinfection adequate to
				  ensure safe water is provided. In such cases, disinfection measures meeting the
				  requirements of sub. (3) shall be provided. A continuous boil water notice may
				  be required by the department during all or part of this interim period if
				  deemed necessary by the department to protect public health.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter VII - Treatment › Section NR 811.44 - Pilot testing

Current through June 24, 2024
Pilot testing is required to establish effective treatment
					 and operation requirements for new treatment methods, if revisions are proposed
					 to existing treatment methods, if the water quality poses significant treatment
					 issues, and if design parameters need to be determined for the first time or
					 for the specific site conditions. The department may waive the pilot testing
					 requirement if information on other locations where the proposed treatment
					 methods using similar water quality are already in place and operating
					 successfully is available or if other justification necessary to support the
					 proposed treatment processes is submitted to the department. Pilot testing
					 shall address the following requirements:
(1) Plans, specifications, and an engineering
				  report detailing the proposed pilot plant design, operation, sampling, lab
				  analyses, and any waste disposal shall be submitted to the department and the
				  written approval of the department shall be obtained prior to constructing or
				  operating the pilot plant. At minimum, the pilot plant proposal shall address
				  the following issues, where they apply:
(a)
				  Pilot plant treatment design including all operating parameters.
(b) Length of pilot plant operation. The
				  pilot plant shall operate long enough to establish the treatment effectiveness,
				  media run lengths, wastewater volumes and characteristics, and any other
				  necessary operating parameters. The pilot plant shall operate through a minimum
				  of 2 treatment cycles or as determined by the department.
(c) Chemicals and chemical feed equipment to
				  be used along with chemical addition rates.
(d) Waste disposal.
(e) Operator safety.
(f) Backflow or back-siphon protection for
				  any water system facilities that the pilot plant may be connected to.
(g) Pilot plant security.
(h) Justification for pilot plant design and
				  operation that does not meet the requirements of the applicable sections of
				  subch. VII.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter VII - Treatment › Section NR 811.45 - Aeration

Current through June 24, 2024
Aeration treatment devices described in this section may
					 be used for oxidation, separation of gases, or for taste and odor control. Air
					 stripping towers shall meet the requirements of s.
					 NR 811.53
					 (2), which can be used for the removal or
					 reduction of some volatile organic compounds. The following requirements shall
					 be met:
(1) NATURAL DRAFT AERATION.
				  The design for natural draft aeration shall provide that:
(a) Water is distributed uniformly over the
				  top tray.
(b) Water is discharged
				  through a series of 3 or more trays with separation of trays not less than 6
				  inches.
(c) Trays are loaded at a
				  rate of one to 5 gallons per minute for each square foot of total tray
				  area.
(d) Trays have slotted, heavy
				  woven wire mesh with 0.5-inch openings or perforated bottoms.
(e) Perforations are 3/16 to 1/2 inches in
				  diameter, spaced one to 3 inches on center, when perforations are
				  used.
(f) Construction is of
				  durable material resistant to the aggressiveness of the water and dissolved
				  gasses.
(g) Contamination from
				  sources such as those listed is sub. (7) is minimized by providing down-turned,
				  louvered or hooded, screened air inlet or outlet openings. Screens shall be
				  constructed of 24-mesh corrosion resistant material.
(h) Exhaust air is discharged directly to the
				  outside atmosphere and in a location that will be protective of public
				  health.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter VII - Treatment › Section NR 811.46 - Arsenic removal

Current through June 24, 2024
The following minimum requirements shall be met when the
					 following treatment methods are employed for arsenic removal:
(1) PILOT TESTING. All process designs shall
				  be based on information from a pilot study unless waived by the department
				  based upon previous demonstration that the process design will effectively
				  remove arsenic based upon the water quality to be treated. Documentation shall
				  be submitted to the department to support any pilot test waiver.
(2) OXIDATION AND FILTRATION. Arsenic III
				  shall be oxidized by chemical or physical processes or both to arsenic V and
				  then filtered out.
(a) Adequate detention time
				  shall be provided if necessary to complete the conversion to arsenic V before
				  filtration.
(b) Ferric chloride or
				  ferric sulfate shall be added to the water supply for water with less than a 20
				  to 1 ratio of iron to arsenic if necessary in order to provide adequate arsenic
				  removal efficiency.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter VII - Treatment › Section NR 811.47 - Clarification

Current through June 24, 2024
Clarification plants prior to filtration shall meet all of
					 the following requirements unless other design criteria are justified through
					 pilot testing under s.
					 NR
					 811.44 or other specific information provided to the
					 department supports the proposed design, as determined by the
					 department:
(1) Provide a minimum of 2
				  units each for rapid mix, flocculation and sedimentation.
(2) Permit operation of the units either in
				  series or parallel.
(3) Be
				  constructed to permit units to be taken out of service without disrupting
				  operation with drains or pumps sized to allow dewatering in a reasonable period
				  of time.
(4) Provide multiple-stage
				  treatment facilities if required by the department.
(5) Be started manually following
				  shutdown.
(6) Minimize hydraulic
				  head losses between units to allow future changes in processes without the need
				  for repumping.
(7) Meet the
				  following specific requirements:
(a)
Presedimentation.
Waters containing high turbidity or having
				  unusual treatment requirements may require pretreatment, usually sedimentation
				  or detention either with or without the addition of coagulation chemicals.
1. 'Basin design.' Presedimentation basins
				  shall have the following:
a. Hopper bottoms or
				  be equipped with continuous mechanical sludge removal apparatus, and provide
				  arrangements for dewatering.
b.
				  Cover or superstructure.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter VII - Treatment › Section NR 811.48 - Chlorination

Current through June 24, 2024
Chlorine installations shall meet the following
					 requirements:
(1) CHLORINATION
				  equipment.
(a)
Type.
The
				  following types of chemical feed equipment may be used to feed chlorine:
1. Solution-feed-gas-type
				  chlorinators.
2. Positive
				  displacement diaphragm type pumps.
3. Digitally controlled constant stroke
				  length positive displacement type pumps.
4. Peristaltic type pumps.
5. Tablet chlorinator type.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter VII - Treatment › Section NR 811.495 - Filtration - pressure

Current through June 24, 2024
A pressure filter may not be used in the filtration of
					 surface water, polluted waters, or following lime-soda softening as provided
					 under s.
					 NR
					 811.57. A pressure filter shall meet all of the
					 following requirements:
(1)
				  NUMBER
.
At least 2 filter units or cells shall be provided.
				  Provisions shall be made to meet the plant design capacity at the approved
				  filtration rate with one filter out of service. If only 2 units or cells are
				  provided, each shall be capable of meeting the plant design capacity, normally
				  the projected maximum daily demand.
(2) RATE OF FILTRATION
.
The
				  rate of filtration shall not exceed 4 gallons per minute per square foot of
				  filter area except when pilot testing under s.
				  NR
				  811.44 or full-scale testing as approved by the
				  department has demonstrated adequate contaminant removal rates at the higher
				  filtration rates, as determined by the department.
(3) FILTER MATERIAL
.
The
				  filter media material shall meet the requirements under s.
				  NR 811.49 (1)
				  (f).
(4) DESIGN DETAILS
.
A filter
				  shall be designed to provide for all of the following:
(a) Loss of head gauges on the inlet and
				  outlet pipes of each filter.
(b) An
				  easily readable meter of flow indicator on each battery of filters.
Note:
A flow indicator is recommended for each
					 filtering unit.
(c) Piping
				  that allows filtration and backwashing of each filter individually.
(d) Minimum side wall shell height of 5 feet.
				  A reduction in side wall height may be approved by the department when
				  proprietary filter bottoms permit reduction of the gravel depth.
(e) The top of the wash water collectors to
				  be at least 18 inches above the surface of the media.
(f) The underdrain system to efficiently
				  collect the filtered water and to uniformly distribute the backwash water at a
				  rate not less than 15 gallons per minute per square foot of filter
				  area.
(g) Backwash flow indicators
				  and controls that are easily readable while operating the control
				  valves.
(h) An air release valve on
				  the highest point of each filter cell. The discharge line from the relief valve
				  shall be metal and terminate downward facing with a 24-mesh corrosion resistant
				  screen, at least 24 inches above the floor.
(i) An accessible manhole to facilitate
				  inspection and repairs for each filter cell.
(j) Means to observe the wastewater during
				  backwashing.
(k) Construction to
				  prevent cross connection.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter VII - Treatment › Section NR 811.51 - Fluoridation

Current through June 24, 2024
Sodium fluoride, sodium fluorosilicate and fluorosilicic
					 acid shall conform to the applicable NSF/ANSI Standard 60 and AWWA standards
					 B701, B702, and B703 in effect at the time of use. Other fluoride compounds
					 which may be available shall be approved by the department. The following
					 specific requirements shall be met:
(1)
				  FLUORIDE CHEMICAL STORAGE. Fluoride chemicals shall be stored in accordance
				  with the following requirements:
(a) Fluoride
				  chemicals shall be isolated from other chemicals to prevent
				  contamination.
(b) Fluoride
				  chemicals shall be stored in covered or unopened shipping containers and stored
				  inside a building.
(c) Unsealed
				  storage units for fluorosilicic acid shall be vented to the atmosphere at a
				  point outside the building. The vent piping shall terminate a minimum of 24
				  inches above grade with a down-turned U-bend. The vent pipe opening shall be
				  covered with a 24-mesh corrosion resistant screen.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter VII - Treatment › Section NR 811.52 - Iron and manganese control

Current through June 24, 2024
Iron and manganese control refers solely to treatment
					 processes designed specifically for this purpose. The treatment process used
					 will depend upon the character of the raw water. The selection of treatment
					 processes shall meet specific local conditions as determined by engineering
					 investigations, including chemical analyses of representative samples of water
					 to be treated. The department may require the operation of a pilot plant in
					 accordance with s.
					 NR
					 811.44 in order to gather all information pertinent to
					 the design. Consideration shall be given to adjusting the pH of the raw water
					 to optimize the chemical reaction. The following requirements for specified
					 treatment processes shall be met:
(1)
				  REMOVAL BY OXIDATION-DETENTION-FILTRATION OR OXIDATION-FILTRATION.
(a)
Oxidation.
Oxidation may
				  be by aeration, as indicated in s.
				  NR
				  811.45, or by chemical oxidation with chlorine,
				  potassium permanganate, sodium permanganate, hydrous manganese oxides, ozone or
				  chlorine dioxide.
(b)
Detention or reaction.
1. A
				  detention period of 0.5 to 3 hours, as determined by pilot studies, shall be
				  provided following oxidation by aeration in order to insure that the oxidation
				  reactions are as complete as possible. The detention period may be omitted or
				  reduced where a pilot plant study indicates no need for detention or that a
				  detention period less than 30 minutes will be adequate and department approval
				  is obtained.
2. The detention basin
				  shall be designed as a holding tank with sufficient baffling to prevent short
				  circuits. Sludge collection equipment is not required. The floor shall be
				  sloped to facilitate cleaning. Detention basins shall meet all potable water
				  reservoir standards as required by subch. IX.
(c)
Sedimentation.
Sedimentation basins shall be provided when treating water with high iron or
				  manganese content or both and a significant volume of oxidized material will be
				  created or where chemical coagulation is used to reduce the load on the
				  filters. Provisions for sludge removal shall be made. Sedimentation basins
				  shall meet all potable water reservoir standards as required by subch.
				  IX.
(d)
Rapid rate pressure
				  filters.
Use of rapid rate pressure filters as well as gravity filters
				  may be considered for iron and manganese removal. Rapid rate pressure filters
				  for iron and manganese shall meet the requirements under s.
				  NR
				  811.49.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter VII - Treatment › Section NR 811.54 - Ozonation

Current through June 24, 2024
Ozonation can be used for a variety of purposes including
					 disinfection, oxidation, and microflocculation. When applied, all of these
					 reactions may occur but typically only one is the primary purpose for its use.
					 Ozonation can be used for the removal of color, taste and odors, organics,
					 algae, cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, iron, manganese, and heavy metals. In
					 addition to these treatment processes, ozone is an acceptable alternative to
					 chlorine disinfectants. Given the sophisticated nature of the ozone process,
					 consideration shall be given to the need for maintaining qualified operators to
					 operate and maintain the equipment. The following requirements shall be
					 met:
(1) GENERAL. The following general
				  requirements shall be met:
(a) All process
				  designs shall be based on bench or pilot scale studies of dosage requirements,
				  application points, and detention times conducted in accordance with s.
				  NR
				  811.44.
(b) When ozone is used as a disinfectant,
				  ozonation and detention shall provide the required disinfection CT value.
				  Additionally, application of a disinfectant which maintains a measurable
				  residual in the distribution system shall be required.
(c) Where ozonation is approved by the
				  department to be used for disinfection of a bacteriologically unsafe water
				  supply, duplicate process streams shall be provided. This includes air supply,
				  air preparation equipment, ozone generators, ozone contact chambers, ozone
				  diffusers, power supply, and post disinfection equipment. This requirement may
				  be waived by the department where other acceptable water sources having
				  sufficient capacity are available.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter VII - Treatment › Section NR 811.56 - Sequestration

Current through June 24, 2024
(1) SEQUESTRATION BY POLYPHOSPHATES.
				  Sequestration by polyphosphates is suitable when concentrations of iron,
				  manganese, or a combination of both, are 1.0 mg/1, or less. Polyphosphate
				  treatment may be less effective for sequestering manganese than for iron. The
				  following requirements shall be met:
(a) Where
				  phosphate treatment is used, chlorine residuals shall be maintained in the
				  distribution system. In addition:
(b) Polyphosphates may not be applied ahead
				  of iron and manganese removal treatment. The point of application shall be
				  prior to any aeration or oxidation and as far upstream as practical from the
				  chlorine or other oxidant application.
(c) Chemical feed installations shall conform
				  to the requirements of subch. VI.
(d) Chemicals for new or existing
				  installations shall meet the applicable NSF/ANSI Standard 60 requirements of s.
				  NR 810.09 (1)
				  (c).
(e) Stock phosphate solution shall be kept
				  covered and disinfected by carrying an approximate 10 mg/1 free chlorine
				  residual unless the phosphate is not able to support bacterial growth, has a pH
				  of 2 or less, and has not been diluted.
(g) If polyphosphate sequestration is
				  practiced, appropriate orthophosphate testing equipment shall be
				  provided.
(h) Possible adverse
				  affects on corrosion shall be considered and addressed if necessary when
				  phosphate addition is proposed for iron or manganese sequestering.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter VII - Treatment › Section NR 811.57 - Softening

Current through June 24, 2024
The softening process selected shall be based upon the
					 chemical qualities of the raw water, the desired finished water quality, the
					 requirements for disposal of sludge or brine waste, the cost of plant and
					 chemicals, and plant location. The applicability of the process chosen shall be
					 demonstrated and discussed in detail in an engineering report. For very hard
					 water, the sodium levels in cation exchange softened water shall be considered
					 in selecting the treatment process. Following are requirements for specific
					 processes:
(1) LIME-SODA PROCESS. The
				  applicable design standards for lime-soda softening of groundwater are the same
				  as those for conventional clarification-filtration surface water treatment
				  plants, except that the minimum settling time may be reduced to 2 hours. Where
				  softening is included in the surface water treatment process, the clarification
				  criteria shall govern. In addition:
Note:
See s.
					 NR
					 811.47 for criteria pertaining to softening with
					 solids contact units and s.
					 NR
					 811.49 for filtration requirements.
(a) Mechanical sludge removal equipment shall
				  be provided in the sedimentation basin.
(b) Determinations shall be made for the
				  carbon dioxide content of the raw water.
Note:
When concentrations exceed 10 mg/l, the
					 economics of removal by aeration as opposed to removal with lime should be
					 considered. See s.
					 NR
					 811.45 for aeration requirements.
(c) Equipment for stabilization of water
				  softened by the lime-soda process is required.
Note:
See s.
					 NR
					 811.58 for stabilization
					 requirements.
(d) Provisions
				  shall be included for proper disposal of softening sludges.
Note:
See s.
					 NR
					 811.858 for design requirements.
(e) The use of excess lime may not be
				  substituted for chlorination or any other approved method of disinfection.
Note:
See s.
					 NR
					 811.48.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter VII - Treatment › Section NR 811.58 - Stabilization

Current through June 24, 2024
Water that is unstable to the extent of causing corrosion
					 or deposition problems in the distribution system, whether a result of natural
					 causes or water treatment processes, shall be stabilized. The following
					 standards shall apply:
(1) CARBON
				  DIOXIDE ADDITION.
(a) Recarbonation chamber
				  design shall provide:
1. A total detention
				  time of 20 minutes or as approved by the department.
2. Two compartments, with a depth that will
				  provide a diffuser submergence not less than 7.5 feet nor greater than
				  recommended by the manufacturer and as follows:
a. A mixing compartment having a detention
				  time of at least 3 minutes.
b. A
				  reaction compartment.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter VII - Treatment › Section NR 811.59 - Taste and odor control

Current through June 24, 2024
Waterworks which are designed and constructed to provide
					 taste and odor control shall comply with any requirements provided for the
					 following applicable methods:
(1)
				  CHLORINATION. Chlorination is effective for the removal of some objectionable
				  odors. Adequate concentration and contact time shall be provided to complete
				  the chemical reactions involved. Excessive potential trihalomethane or other
				  disinfection by-product production through this process shall be investigated
				  by bench-scale testing prior to design.
(2) CHLORINE DIOXIDE. Chlorine dioxide may be
				  used in the treatment of any taste or odor which is treatable by an oxidizing
				  compound. Provision shall be made for proper storage and handling of sodium
				  chlorite to eliminate any danger of explosion.
(3) POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON.
(a) Powdered activated carbon may be added
				  prior to coagulation to provide maximum contact time. Although facilities to
				  allow the addition at several alternate points is recommended, in no case may
				  carbon be added near the point of chlorine application.
(b) The carbon shall be added as a premixed
				  slurry or by means of a dry-feed machine if the carbon is properly
				  `wetted'.
(c) Continuous agitation
				  or resuspension equipment shall be provided to keep the carbon from depositing
				  in the mixing chamber/slurry storage tank.
(d) Dust control shall be provided.
(e) The required dosage of carbon in a water
				  treatment plant depends upon the tastes and odors involved. Provisions shall be
				  made for adding sufficient amounts to meet peak demands.
(f) Powdered activated carbon shall be
				  handled as a potentially combustible material. It shall be stored in a building
				  or compartment as nearly fireproof as possible. Other chemicals may not be
				  stored in the same compartment. A separate room shall be provided for carbon
				  feed installations. Carbon feeder rooms shall be equipped with explosion-proof
				  electrical outlets, lights, and motors.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter VII - Treatment › Section NR 811.605 - Treatment for other contaminants

Current through June 24, 2024
A water system owner shall justify treatment systems
					 designed for the removal of other contaminants not regulated under this chapter
					 or ch. NR 809 through department-approved pilot testing under s.
					 NR
					 811.44.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter IX - Storage Facilities › Section NR 811.62 - Volume and pressure

Current through June 24, 2024
(1) VOLUME REQUIREMENTS. A sufficient
				  quantity of water, as determined from engineering studies, shall be maintained
				  in elevated storage when only one pumping unit to the distribution system is
				  available to serve the water system. This shall be at least an average-day
				  supply under normal operating conditions. When more than one distribution pump
				  is available, the storage shall be in accordance with standard engineering
				  practice. Standard engineering practice is based upon an engineering review of
				  existing and future water supply needs including: type of service and
				  population served; average day, maximum day, peak hour and fire flow demands
				  and durations; water source quality, availability and treatment, pump
				  capacities, auxiliary power, storage capacity, water distribution and
				  costs.
(2) PRESSURE REQUIREMENTS.
				  Storage facilities shall be designed to meet all the following requirements:
(a)
Minimum and maximum
				  pressures.
The storage facilities shall be designed to meet the
				  minimum and maximum pressure requirements specified in s.
				  NR
				  811.66(1).
(b)
Fire flows and residual
				  pressures.
When fire protection is to be provided, the storage
				  facilities shall be designed in conjunction with distribution system design to
				  provide the minimum fire flows and residual pressures specified in s.
				  NR
				  811.70(6).
(c)
Alternative means for maintaining
				  pressure.
A hydro-pneumatic tank, booster pumping facilities, or other
				  reliable means shall be provided to maintain system pressure when a gravity
				  storage reservoir or tank is not available.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter IX - Storage Facilities › Section NR 811.63 - Location

Current through June 24, 2024
Storage facilities shall be located in accordance with all
					 the following requirements:
(1)
				  FLOODWAY AND FLOODPLAIN.
(a)
Floodway.
Storage facilities may not be located within a
				  floodway, as defined in s.
				  NR 116.03
				  (22).
(b)
Floodplain.
If it is
				  necessary to locate a reservoir in a floodplain, as defined in s.
				  NR 116.03
				  (16), outside of the floodway, the lowest
				  elevation of the bottom floor, including sumps, shall be a minimum of 2 feet
				  above the regional flood elevation as determined in s.
				  NR 116.07
				  (4). All projects shall conform to the
				  requirements of that chapter.
Note:
Refer to ch. NR 116 for floodplain and
					 floodway requirements.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter IX - Storage Facilities › Section NR 811.64 - Construction details

Current through June 24, 2024
(1) MATERIALS. Materials used in the
				  construction of storage facilities shall meet all the following requirements:
(a)
General requirements.
The materials and designs used for finished water storage structures shall
				  provide stability and durability as well as protect the quality of the stored
				  water. Unless the design engineer can justify the use of other materials, the
				  department shall approve only steel, fiberglass, or concrete for use in a water
				  storage facility. Porous materials, including wood and concrete block, may not
				  be used.
(b)
AWWA
				  standards.
Structures shall be constructed in accordance with the AWWA
				  standards D100, D102, D103, D104, D110, D115, D120, and D130 concerning steel;
				  concrete or fiberglass tanks, standpipes, reservoirs, and elevated tanks in
				  effect at the time of construction wherever they are
				  applicable.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter IX - Storage Facilities › Section NR 811.65 - Plant storage

Current through June 24, 2024
The applicable design standards of ss.
					 NR
					 811.63 and shall be 811.64 followed for plant storage.
					 In addition:
(1) FILTER WASHWATER
				  TANKS. Filter washwater tanks shall be sized, in conjunction with available
				  pump units and finished water storage, to provide the backwash water required
				  by s.
				  NR 811.49.
				  The design shall address the possibility of having to backwash more than one
				  filter at a time, or several filters in succession.
(2) CLEARWELL.
(a) Clearwell storage shall be sized, in
				  conjunction with distribution system storage, to relieve the filters from the
				  strain of fluctuations in water use or peak demands.
(b) When water storage is used to provide
				  proper contact time for disinfection, documentation, including tracer testing,
				  shall be provided to assure adequate detention time under all operating
				  conditions. The department may require the installation of baffle walls or
				  additional reservoir capacity if necessary to prevent short circuiting and to
				  obtain adequate contact times.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter IX - Storage Facilities › Section NR 811.66 - Distribution system storage

Current through June 24, 2024
The applicable design standards of ss.
					 NR
					 811.63 and shall be 811.64 followed for distribution
					 storage. In addition:
(1) PRESSURE
				  VARIATION. Distribution system storage facilities shall meet all the following
				  requirements:
(a)
Allowable head
				  range.
The maximum variation between high and low levels in storage
				  structures which float on a distribution system may not exceed 30 feet during
				  normal usage.
(b)
Minimum
				  and maximum pressures.
The minimum and maximum pressure in service
				  areas shall be 35 and 100 psi respectively at ground level.
1. In areas where a minimum of 35 psi cannot
				  be maintained, a high pressure zone shall be established in the distribution
				  system by means of booster pumps and related facilities or pressure boosting
				  systems on individual service lines as required in subch. XI. The use of
				  individual service line booster pumps shall be limited to the extent
				  possible.
2. In situations where
				  static pressures exceed 100 psi, pressure reducing devices may be required on
				  mains in distribution systems having documented system deficiencies or problems
				  due to high pressure such as main breaks and service line breaks.
Note: Section
					 SPS 382.40(7) (d)
					 2. a. requires a pressure reducing device to
					 be installed to protect individual services when the incoming pressure exceeds
					 80 psig.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter X - Distribution Systems › Section NR 811.67 - Applicability

Current through June 24, 2024
This subchapter covers water distribution systems for
					 community water systems which are to be located in street rights-of-way or
					 easements. Other piping systems shall be constructed in accordance with the
					 requirements of ch. SPS 382.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter X - Distribution Systems › Section NR 811.685 - Interconnections with other water sources

Current through June 24, 2024
A water system owner shall obtain department approval
					 prior to any interconnections between a public water supply system and another
					 source of water in accordance with s.
					 NR 810.15
					 (2), including interconnections solely for
					 emergency backup purposes.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter X - Distribution Systems › Section NR 811.68 - Ownership of municipal water distribution systems

Current through June 24, 2024
(1) MUNICIPAL
				  OWNERSHIP. The distribution system of a municipal water system shall be owned
				  and maintained by the waterworks owner.
(2) MUNICIPALLY OWNED MAINS ON PRIVATE
				  PROPERTY. All water mains and other distribution system components owned by a
				  municipal water system on private property shall be installed in permanent
				  easements.
Note:
To assure the use of approved materials
					 and proper installation and maintenance, the department recommends that fire
					 hydrants and water mains to be constructed on private property be installed in
					 permanent easements and owned and maintained by the waterworks
					 owner.
(3) PRIVATELY OWNED
				  LOOPED MAINS AND PRIVATE WATER SERVICES REQUIRING CHECK VALVES. Water mains and
				  water services to be connected to the publicly owned distribution system at
				  more than one point may be privately owned and maintained provided that a check
				  valve is installed on the water main at each point of connection to the
				  distribution system to prevent water from flowing back into the distribution
				  system. Each check valve shall be located in a manhole or vault and shall be
				  immediately preceded and followed by a buried or exposed shut-off valve on the
				  main. The water supplier shall have access to the manholes and valves for
				  inspection purposes.
A drain fitting may be added on the piping between the
						check valve and the gate valve on the public water system side of the check
						valve. The gate valve may be closed and the drain fitting opened to
						periodically check for leakage through the check valve. Refer to s.
						SPS
						382.40 for standards for the construction of private
						water mains.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter X - Distribution Systems › Section NR 811.74 - Separation of water mains and sanitary or storm sewer mains

Current through June 24, 2024
(1) GENERAL. The
				  following factors shall be considered in planning separation of water and sewer
				  mains: materials and type of joints for water and sewer pipes, soil conditions,
				  service and branch connections into the water main and sewer line, compensating
				  variations in the horizontal and vertical separations, space for repair, and
				  alterations of water and sewer pipes.
(2) HORIZONTAL SEPARATION. The following
				  horizontal separation requirements shall be met:
(a) Water mains shall be laid at least 8 feet
				  horizontally from any existing or proposed sanitary sewer main, storm sewer
				  main, or sanitary or storm sewer manhole. The distance shall be measured center
				  to center.
(b) In cases where it is
				  not practical to maintain an 8-foot horizontal separation distance, the
				  department may allow exceptions to that requirement on a case-by-case basis, if
				  supported by data from the design engineer. The following requirements shall be
				  met in order for the department to approve a center to center horizontal
				  separation distance of less than 5 feet:
1.
				  The bottom of the water main shall be at least 18 inches above the top of the
				  sewer main and the minimum horizontal separation distance shall be 3 feet
				  measured edge to edge.
2. A profile
				  of the rock surface as determined from exploration shall be shown on the plan
				  when high bedrock is the reason for the exception to the 8-foot separation
				  distance.
Note: See Figure No. 10 in the Appendix.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter X - Distribution Systems › Section NR 811.75 - Separation of water mains and other contamination sources

Current through June 24, 2024
(1) Proposed water
				  mains shall be adequately separated from any potential source of contamination.
				  The following minimum horizontal separation distances shall be maintained:
(ag) Three feet between a water main and a
				  stormwater collection system treatment unit, such as a bioswale or permeable
				  paver system.
(ar) Eight feet
				  between a water main and a POWTS holding, treatment, or dispersal component,
				  sanitary sewer lift-station, grave site, stormwater detention pond, retention
				  pond, or infiltration basin.
(b)
				  Twenty-five feet between a water main and a buried main or tank containing
				  gasoline, diesel, bio-diesel, ethanol, other alternative fuel, fuel oil,
				  petroleum product, motor fuel, burner fuel, lubricant, waste oil, or hazardous
				  substance.
(c) Fifty feet between a
				  water main and a sanitary landfill or agricultural, industrial, commercial, or
				  municipal wastewater treatment plant treatment unit, lagoon, or storage
				  structure.
Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 811 - Requirements For The Operation And Design Of Community Water Systems › Subchapter X - Distribution Systems › Section NR 811.76 - Surface water crossings

Current through June 24, 2024
Surface water crossings, whether over or under water,
					 present special problems. For this reason, the department shall be consulted
					 before final plans are prepared. The design shall meet the following
					 requirements:
(1) ABOVE-WATER
				  CROSSINGS.
(a) The pipe shall be adequately
				  supported and anchored, protected from damage and freezing, and accessible for
				  repair or replacement.
(b) A means
				  to accommodate bridge expansion such as an expansion joint shall be provided to
				  the water main if the corresponding bridge has expansion joints.
(c) Shut-off valves shall be provided at both
				  ends of a bridge crossing if the bridge has expansion joints so that the
				  section can be isolated for testing or repair. The valves shall be easily
				  accessible and not subject to flooding.