Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-155 - Safety standards for construction work › Part O - CONCRETE, CONCRETE FORMS, SHORING, AND MASONRY CONSTRUCTION › Section 296-155-675 - Scope, application, and definitions applicable to this part

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
Scope and
				application.
This part sets forth requirements to protect all
				construction employees from the hazards associated with concrete and masonry
				construction operations performed in workplaces covered under chapter 296-155
				WAC.
(2)
Definitions
				applicable to this part.
Bull float.
A tool used to spread out and smooth
				  the concrete.
Competent person.
One who is capable of
				  identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working
				  conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, who has
				  authorization to take prompt corrective action to eliminate them.
Controlling contractor.
A prime contractor,
				  general contractor, construction manager, or any other legal entity that has
				  the overall responsibility for the construction of the project, including
				  planning, quality, and completion.
Dead load.
A constant load, without load
				  factors, due to the mass (weight) of members, the supported structure and
				  permanent attachments or accessories.
Falsework.
Formwork to support concrete and
				  placing operations for supported slabs of concrete structures, including all
				  supporting members, hardware, and bracing.
Formwork.
The total system of support for
				  freshly placed or partially cured concrete, including the mold or sheeting
				  (form) that is in contact with the concrete as well as all supporting members
				  including shores, reshores, hardware, braces, and related hardware.
Guy.
A line that steadies a high piece or
				  structure by pulling against an off-center load.
Jacking operation.
The task of lifting a slab
				  (or group of slabs) vertically from one location to another (e.g., from the
				  casting location to a temporary (parked) location, or from a temporary location
				  to another temporary location, or to its final location in the structure),
				  during the construction of a building/structure where the lift-slab process is
				  being used.
Lift slab.
A method of concrete construction in
				  which floor and roof slabs are cast on or at ground level and, using jacks,
				  lifted into position.
Limited access zone.
An area alongside a masonry
				  wall, which is under construction, and which is clearly demarcated to limit
				  access by employees.
Post-tensioning operations.
A method of
				  stressing reinforced concrete in which tendons running through the concrete are
				  tensioned after the concrete has hardened.
Precast concrete.
Concrete members (such as
				  walls, panels, slabs, columns, and beams) which have been formed, cast, and
				  cured prior to final placement in a structure.
Qualified.
One who, by possession of a
				  recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive
				  knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated their
				  ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work,
				  or the project.
Reinforced concrete.
A composite material in
				  which the concrete provides the material's compressive strength, while the
				  forcing in the form of additional embedded material provides the tensile
				  strength and/or ductility.
Reinforcing ironworker.
A worker primarily
				  engaged in the hoisting, rigging, field fabrication, moving, and installation
				  of reinforcing steel assemblies, members, post-tensioning cables, and related
				  equipment. Reinforcing steel activities include, but are not limited to:
				  Off-loading and material handling of reinforcing components; fabrication,
				  preassembly, and placement of reinforcing steel columns, beams, joists, mats,
				  welded wire mesh, and curtain-walls; and the placement of post-tensioning
				  cables.
Reinforcing steel assemblies.
Vertical and
				  horizontal columns, caissons, walls, drilled piers, mats, and other similar
				  structures. For purposes of this standard, reinforcing steel includes rods,
				  bars, or mesh made from composite and/or other materials.
Reshoring.
The construction operation in which
				  shoring equipment (also called reshores or reshoring equipment) is placed, as
				  the original forms and shores are removed, in order to support partially cured
				  concrete and construction loads.
Shore.
A supporting member that resists a
				  compressive force imposed by a load.
Slip form.
A form that is moved as concrete is
				  placed and slides without being detached to form walls or other concrete
				  structures.
Stressing jacks.
Portable hydraulic devices that
				  pull the tendons associated with post-tensioning concrete to create a permanent
				  tension load.
Tendon.
A metal element, usually of steel such
				  as wire, stranded components (such as wires), bars or rods used in prestressing
				  or post-tensioning concrete.
Vertical slip forms.
Forms which are jacked
				  vertically during the placement of concrete.
Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 94-15-096 (Order
					 94-07), § 296-155-675, filed 7/20/94, effective 9/20/94; 91-11-070 (Order
					 91-01), § 296-155-675, filed 5/20/91, effective 6/20/91; 90-03-029 (Order
					 89-20), § 296-155-675, filed 1/11/90, effective 2/26/90; 89-11-035 (Order
					 89-03), § 296-155-675, filed 5/15/89, effective 6/30/89; Order 74-26,
					 § 296-155-675, filed 5/7/74, effective
					 6/6/74.