Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-24 - General safety and health standards › Part D - MATERIALS HANDLING AND STORAGE, INCLUDING CRANES, DERRICKS, ETC., AND RIGGING › Handling and Storage-Cranes, Derricks, Etc › Section 296-24-23501 - Definitions

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
ANSI. The American National Standards Institute.
Appointed. Assigned specific responsibilities by the
					 employer or the employer's representative.
Automatic crane. A crane which when activated operates
					 through a preset cycle or cycles.
Auxiliary hoist. A supplemental hoisting unit of lighter
					 capacity and usually higher speed than provided for the main hoist.
Brake. A device used for retarding or stopping motion by
					 friction or power means.
Bridge. That part of a crane consisting of girders, trucks,
					 end ties, footwalks, and drive mechanism which carries the trolley or
					 trollies.
Bridge travel. The crane movement in a direction parallel
					 to the crane runway.
Bumper (buffer). An energy absorbing device for reducing
					 impact when a moving crane or trolley reaches the end of its permitted travel;
					 or when two moving cranes or trolleys come in contact.
Cab. The operator's compartment on a crane.
Cab-operated crane. A crane controlled by an operator in a
					 cab located on the bridge or trolley.
Cantilever gantry crane. A gantry or semigantry crane in
					 which the bridge girders or trusses extend transversely beyond the crane runway
					 on one or both sides.
Clearance. The distance from any part of the crane to a
					 point of the nearest obstruction.
Collectors (current). Contacting devices for collecting
					 current from runway or bridge conductors.
Conductors, bridge. The electrical conductors located along
					 the bridge structure of a crane to provide power to the trolley.
Conductors, runway (main). The electrical conductors
					 located along a crane runway to provide power to the crane.
Control braking. A method of controlling crane motor speed
					 when in an overhauling condition.
Controller, spring return. A controller which when released
					 will return automatically to a neutral position.
Countertorque. A method of control by which the power to
					 the motor is reversed to develop torque in the opposite direction.
Crane. A machine for lifting and lowering a load and moving
					 it horizontally, with the hoisting mechanism and integral part of the machine.
					 Cranes whether fixed or mobile are driven manually or by power.
Designated. Selected or assigned by the employer or the
					 employer's representative as being qualified to perform specific duties.
Drag brake. A brake which provides retarding force without
					 external control.
Drift point. A point on a travel motion controller which
					 releases the brake while the motor is not energized. This allows for coasting
					 before the brake is set.
Drum. The cylindrical member around which the ropes are
					 wound for raising or lowering the load.
Dynamic. A method of controlling crane motor speeds when in
					 the overhauling condition to provide a retarding force.
Emergency stop switch. A manually or automatically operated
					 electric switch to cut off electric power independently of the regular
					 operating controls.
Equalizer. A device which compensates for unequal length or
					 stretch of a rope.
Exposed. Capable of being contacted inadvertently. Applied
					 to hazardous objects not adequately guarded or isolated.
Fail-safe. A provision designed to automatically stop or
					 safely control any motion in which a malfunction occurs.
Floor-operated crane. A crane which is pendant or
					 non-conductive rope controlled by an operator on the floor or an independent
					 platform.
Footwalk. The walkway with handrail, attached to the bridge
					 or trolley for access purposes.
Gantry crane. A crane similar to an overhead crane except
					 that the bridge for carrying the trolley or trolleys is rigidly supported on
					 two or more legs running on fixed rails or other runway.
Hoist. An apparatus which may be a part of a crane,
					 exerting a force for lifting or lowering.
Hoist chain. The load bearing chain in a hoist.
Note:
Chain properties do not conform to those shown in
								  ANSI B30.9-1971, Safety Code for Slings.
Hoist motion. That motion of a crane which raises and
					 lowers a load.
Holding brake. A brake that automatically prevents motion
					 when power is off.
Hot metal handling crane. An overhead crane used for
					 transporting or pouring molten material.
Limit switch. A switch which is operated by some part or
					 motion of a power-driven machine or equipment to alter the electric circuit
					 associated with the machine or equipment.
Load. The total superimposed weight on the load block or
					 hook.
Load block. The assembly of hook or shackle, swivel,
					 bearing, sheaves, pins, and frame suspended by the hoisting rope.
Magnet. An electromagnetic device carried on a crane hook
					 to pick up loads magnetically.
Main hoist. The hoist mechanism provided for lifting the
					 maximum rated load.
Main switch. A switch controlling the entire power supply
					 to the crane.
Man trolley. A trolley having an operator's cab attached
					 thereto.
Master switch. A switch which dominates the operation of
					 contractors, relays, or other remotely operated devices.
Mechanical. A method of control by friction.
Overhead crane. A crane with a movable bridge carrying a
					 movable or fixed hoisting mechanism and traveling on an overhead fixed runway
					 structure.
Power-operated crane. A crane whose mechanism is driven by
					 electric, air, hydraulic, or internal combustion means.
Pulpit-operated crane. A crane operated from a fixed
					 operator station not attached to the crane.
Rated load. The maximum load for which a crane or
					 individual hoist is designed and built by the manufacturer and shown on the
					 equipment nameplate(s).
Regenerative. A form of dynamic braking in which the
					 electrical energy generated is fed back into the power system.
Remote-operated crane. A crane controlled by an operator
					 not in a pulpit or in the cab attached to the crane, by any method other than
					 pendant or rope control.
Rope. Refers to wire rope, unless otherwise
					 specified.
Running sheave. A sheave which rotates as the load block is
					 raised or lowered.
Runway. An assembly of rails, beams, girders, brackets, and
					 framework on which the crane or trolley travels.
Semigantry crane. A gantry crane with one end of the bridge
					 rigidly supported on one or more legs that run on a fixed rail or runway, the
					 other end of the bridge being supported by a truck running on an elevated rail
					 or runway.
Side pull. That portion of the hoist pull acting
					 horizontally when the hoist lines are not operated vertically.
Span. The horizontal distance center to center of runway
					 rails.
Standby crane. A crane which is not in regular service but
					 which is used occasionally or intermittently as required.
Stop. A device to limit travel of a trolley or crane
					 bridge. This device normally is attached to a fixed structure and normally does
					 not have energy absorbing ability.
Storage bridge crane. A gantry type crane of long span
					 usually used for bulk storage of material; the bridge girders or trusses are
					 rigidly or nonrigidly supported on one or more legs. It may have one or more
					 fixed or hinged cantilever ends.
Switch. A device for making, breaking, or for changing the
					 connections in an electric circuit.
Trolley. The unit which travels on the bridge rails and
					 carries the hoisting mechanism.
Trolley travel. The trolley movement at right angles to the
					 crane runway.
Truck. The unit consisting of a frame, wheels, bearings,
					 and axles which supports the bridge girders or trolleys.
Wall crane. A crane having a jib with or without trolley
					 and supported from a side wall or line of columns of a building. It is a
					 traveling type and operates on a runway attached to the side wall or
					 columns.
Order 73-5, § 296-24-23501, filed 5/9/73 and Order
						73-4, § 296-24-23501, filed 5/7/73.