Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-17A - Classifications for Washington workers' compensation insurance › Section 296-17A-3503 - Classification 3503

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
3503-17 Pottery, earthenware, ceramics, porcelain, china,
				decorative tile, or enamel ware: Manufacturing
Applies to:
* Businesses engaged in the manufacture of a wide variety of
				household or decorative items such as earthenware, pottery, ceramics, porcelain
				or china;
* Businesses engaged in the manufacture of decorative tile from
				cement or various clay mixtures;
* Businesses engaged in enameling or porcelainizing products
				they have made or products made by others;
* Businesses engaged in the manufacture of decorative
				artificial rock or brick used as trimming around fireplaces, stoves, or on
				walls;
* Businesses that only make molds by casting shapes in plaster,
				most of which they sell to ceramic shops for use in casting greenware;
* Incidental teaching of classes and the sale of ceramic and
				pottery making supplies or tools to home crafters is included.
Products manufactured include, but are not limited
				to:
* Artificial brick;
* Artificial rock;
* Bowls;
* Cookie jars;
* Cups;
* Decorative tiles;
* Dishes;
* Dolls;
* Enameled items such as, but not limited to, signs, cookware,
				items made from ceramics or clay, stove parts, small parts for automobiles,
				sewer pipe, automobile manifolds, or irrigation water gauges;
* Novelty items;
* Plates;
* Pots;
* Tobacco pipes;
* Vases.
Processes include, but are not limited to:
* Casting - In the casting method, clay is mixed with water and
				other additives until it is about the consistency of thick cream (called slip).
				The molds are closed shut and secured; then the slip is poured into them
				through a small hole at the top, and left in the mold to dry for a short time
				then poured out, leaving a hollow product to fire.
* Extrusion - Extrusion forces a ribbon of clay through
				specially shaped dies, then it is cut with wire to create the final
				form.
* Pressing - The pressing technique forces relatively dry clay
				into molds under substantial hydraulic pressure, which makes it hold its shape
				until fired.
* Sculpturing - Sculpturing is hand carving wet clay to the
				desired dimensions.
* Throwing - In the throwing method, the clay mixture is placed
				on a potter's wheel and molded by hand as the wheel slowly turns.
* The resulting greenware from any pottery method may be
				sanded, then further dried and fired in a small kiln. Most of the items will be
				glazed and refired several more times, depending on the desired end result.
				Prior to glazing, products may be decorated by hand painting designs on
				them.
* Cement tiles are usually pressed on hydraulic presses, kept
				wet until cured, then ground to size with a diamond wheel and polished.
* To make cast clay tiles, clay is mixed with water and other
				ingredients, ground to desired fineness, screened, then poured into molds to
				dry. After drying, tiles are removed from molds and fired in a kiln oven, then
				glazed. Tile glaziers apply designs to bisque tile by hand or with a silk
				screen process, then glaze and fire it in a kiln one or more times.
* To make artificial rock or brick, coloring is added to a
				mixture of cement and aggregate; the mixture is poured into molds. After the
				mixture has set, the piece is removed from the mold and cured.
* Enameling - Ceramic balls and frit (small glass chips) are
				placed in the ball mill. (A ball mill is a metal drum lined with rubber.) As
				the drum rotates, the balls roll over the frit, gradually grinding it into
				powder that is used to create the enamel glaze. The object to be glazed is
				cleaned, degreased, and given an acid bath if necessary, then rinsed and dried.
				The enamel (or porcelain) glaze may be applied by hand, silk screened on, or
				sprayed on with a spray gun. After the coating has air-dried, the piece is
				heated in a kiln to melt the ceramic powder and fuse it to the surface; then
				cooled. Items may require repeated coatings and firings.
Materials used include, but are not limited
				to:
* Clay;
* Coal dust;
* Fluxing agents;
* Frit;
* Glass powder;
* Glazing compounds;
* Paints;
* Sand;
* Sawdust;
* Straw.
Tools and machinery used include, but are not limited
				to:
* Automatic grinding and polishing machines;
* Ball mills;
* Batch mixers;
* Conveyors;
* Degreasing and acid etching tanks;
* Fork lifts;
* Hand grinding and polishing stones and laps;
* Hand tools;
* Hand trucks;
* Heaters;
* Hydraulic presses;
* Kilns;
* Plaster molds;
* Potter's wheels;
* Scales;
* Silk screen equipment;
* Spray guns;
* Steam curing rooms.
Exclusions:
* Worker hours mining, digging or quarrying raw materials are
				reported separately in the applicable classification;
* Worker hours manufacturing brick or concrete products such
				as, but not limited to, brick or clay pipe and concrete blocks or stepping
				stones, drain tile, beams, which are reported separately in the classification
				applicable to the work being performed;
* Businesses primarily engaged in the sale of supplies used for
				crafts or hobbies are classified in 6406;
* Manufacturing enameled brick is classified in 3501.
3503-21 Glassware, N.O.C.: Manufacturing; Melting,
				blowing, and forming hot glass. Stained or leaded glassware, N.O.C.:
				Manufacturing
Applies to:
* Businesses engaged in manufacturing housewares, decorative,
				and specialty items from hot glass using methods that include melting, blowing,
				or forming not covered by another classification (N.O.C.);
* Businesses engaged in the manufacture or repair of stained or
				leaded glassware not covered by another classification (N.O.C.);
* Incidental teaching of classes and the sale of supplies or
				tools used to make glassware items to home crafters;
* Incidental manufacturing of insulated glass, such as
				sandwiching leaded glass between two sheets of clear glass.
Products manufactured include, but are not limited
				to:
* Ashtrays;
* Auto headlight lenses;
* Bakeware;
* Candlestick holders;
* Doorknobs;
* Kerosene lamp chimneys;
* Paperweights;
* Perfume bottles;
* Radio insulators;
* Stained glass items including, but not limited to, windows,
				tiffany style or plain glass lamp shades, terrariums, or decorative items such
				as aquariums, shadow boxes, mirror picture frames or figurines;
* Tableware.
Processes include, but are not limited to:
* Blowing - Heat glass chips (frit) in a furnace. The molten
				glass can also be formed in a mouth-blowing process or by semiautomatic blowing
				machines. A glass blowing process will usually have a helper working with each
				glass blower. The helper's duties include preliminary glass gathering and
				blowing, adding colored glass "ribbons" to the item being blown as the
				glassblower turns it, shaping items being blown with wooden or metal tools, and
				placing the blown object in an annealing oven to be reheated and cooled slowly
				to relieve internal stress in the glass. When glass reaches room temperature,
				it is often cut on diamond wheels or ground down and polished on a series of
				wheels, stones, and laps. This work is normally done under a continuous water
				bath which may include grinding or polishing compounds.
* Molding - Heat glass chips (frit) in a furnace. The molten
				glass is poured into molds to make products such as, but not limited to, heavy
				glass for special purpose windows up to about eight inches thick.
* Stained glass making - Individual pieces of a design are cut
				to pattern out of stained glass; pieces may be ground for a precision fit on an
				emery or diamond wheel. Individual segments are pressed into the channels of
				the lead came; joints are fluxed, soldered and putty is pushed into any open
				spaces between the glass and the cames. The finished piece is smoothed and
				cleaned with kerosene.
* Making glass or stained glass - Raw materials such as, but
				not limited to, borax, lime, phosphate, sand, soda ash, volcanic ash and metal
				oxides are melted in a furnace and the molten glass is either rolled into
				sheets by machine or blown into long balloon shapes that are slit open and
				flattened by reheating. Color may be added to the surface while it is still
				molten.
Materials used include, but are not limited
				to:
* Copper foil;
* Glass making materials - Borax, lime, phosphate, silica sand,
				soda ash, volcanic ash, and oxides;
* Glass frit;
* H-lead cames (grooved, lead bars);
* Kerosene;
* Masking tape;
* Pattern paper;
* Putty;
* Stained glass sheets;
* Wire solder.
Tools and machinery used include, but are not limited
				to:
* Annealing ovens;
* Arc and gas welders;
* Ball mills;
* Drill presses;
* Forklifts;
* Glass cutting diamond saws;
* Glass grinding wheels and discs;
* Glass melting furnaces;
* Glass polishing laps;
* Hand tools;
* Mixing machines;
* Overhead cranes or hoists;
* Steel cutting saws.
Exclusions:
* Worker hours mining, digging or quarrying raw materials are
				reported separately in the applicable classification;
* Worker hours manufacturing optical goods or telescopes, or
				performing precision grinding of blank or rough lenses are reported separately
				in classification 6604;
* Etching, frosting, sandblasting, carving, grinding, and
				beveling glass is classified in 1108;
* Production line manufacturing of insulated glass is
				classified in 1108;
* Businesses primarily engaged in the sale of supplies used for
				crafts or hobbies are classified in 6406.
07-01-014, recodified as § 296-17A-3503, filed 12/8/06,
				  effective 12/8/06. Statutory Authority:
				  RCW
				   51.16.035. 98-18-042, § 296-17-587,
				  filed 8/28/98, effective 10/1/98. Statutory Authority:
				  RCW
				   51.04.020(1) and
				  51.16.035. 89-24-051 (Order
				  89-22), § 296-17-587, filed 12/1/89, effective 1/1/90. Statutory
				  Authority:
				  RCW
				   51.16.035. 85-24-032 (Order 85-33), §
				  296-17-587, filed 11/27/85, effective 1/1/86; 83-24-017 (Order 83-36), §
				  296-17-587, filed 11/30/83, effective 1/1/84; 82-24-047 (Order 82-38), §
				  296-17-587, filed 11/29/82, effective 1/1/83; Order 73-22, § 296-17-587,
				  filed 11/9/73, effective 1/1/74.