Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-24 - General safety and health standards › Part E - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, SPRAY FINISHING › Hazardous Materials › Section 296-24-33001 - Definitions

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
The following definitions are applicable to all sections
					 of this chapter which include WAC
					 296-24-330 in the section
					 number.
Aerosol.
A material which is dispensed from
					 its container as a mist, spray, or foam by a propellant under pressure.
Approved.
Unless otherwise indicated,
					 approved, or listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. Refer to
					 federal regulation 29 C.F.R.
					 1910.7 for definition of nationally
					 recognized testing laboratory.
Atmospheric tank.
A storage tank which has
					 been designed to operate at pressures from atmospheric through 0.5
					 p.s.i.g.
Automotive service station.
That portion of
					 property where flammable liquids used as motor fuels are stored and dispensed
					 from fixed equipment into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles and shall include
					 any facilities available for the sale and service of tires, batteries, and
					 accessories, and for minor automotive maintenance work. Major automotive
					 repairs, painting, body and fender work are excluded.
Barrel.
A volume of forty-two United States
					 gallons.
Basement.
A story of a building or structure
					 having one-half or more of its height below ground level and to which access
					 for firefighting purposes is unduly restricted.
Boiling point.
The boiling point of a liquid
					 at a pressure of 14.7 pounds per square inch absolute (p.s.i.a.) (760 mm.).
					 Where an accurate boiling point is unavailable for the material in question, or
					 for mixtures which do not have a constant boiling point, for purposes of this
					 section the 10% point of a distillation performed in accordance with the
					 Standard Method of Test for Distillation of Petroleum Products, ASTM D-86-62,
					 may be used as the boiling point of the liquid.
Boilover.
The expulsion of crude oil (or
					 certain other liquids) from a burning tank. The light fractions of the crude
					 oil burnoff producing a heat wave in the residue, which on reaching a water
					 strata may result in the expulsion of a portion of the contents of the tank in
					 the form of froth.
Bulk plant.
That portion of a property where
					 flammable liquids are received by tank vessel, pipelines, tank car, or tank
					 vehicle, and are stored or blended in bulk for the purpose of distributing such
					 liquids by tank vessel, pipeline, tank car, tank vehicle, or container.
Chemical plant.
A large integrated plant or
					 that portion of such a plant other than a refinery or distillery where
					 flammable liquids are produced by chemical reactions or used in chemical
					 reactions.
Closed container.
A container as herein
					 defined, so sealed by means of a lid or other device that neither liquid nor
					 vapor will escape from it at ordinary temperatures.
Container.
Any can, barrel, or drum.
Crude petroleum.
Hydrocarbon mixtures that
					 have a flash point below 150°F and which have not been processed in a
					 refinery.
Distillery.
A plant or that portion of a plant
					 where flammable liquids produced by fermentation are concentrated, and where
					 the concentrated products may also be mixed, stored, or packaged.
Fire area.
An area of a building separated
					 from the remainder of the building by construction having a fire resistance of
					 at least one hour and having all communicating openings properly protected by
					 an assembly having a fire resistance rating of at least one hour.
Fire resistance or fire resistive
					 construction.
Construction to resist the spread of fire.
Flammable aerosol.
A flammable aerosol as
					 defined under WAC
					 296-901-14024, Appendix BPhysical
					 hazard criteria. For the purposes of WAC
					 296-24-33009, such aerosols are
					 considered Category 1 flammable liquids.
Flammable liquid.
Any liquid having a
					 flashpoint at or below 199.4°F (93°C). Flammable liquids are divided
					 into four categories as follows:
(a)
Category 1
includes liquids having
					 flashpoints below 73.4°F (23°C) and having a boiling point at or below
					 95°F (35°C).
(b)
Category 2
includes liquids having
					 flashpoints below 73.4°F (23°C) and having a boiling point above
					 95°F (35°C).
(c)
Category 3
includes liquids having
					 flashpoints at or above 73.4°F (23°C) and at or below 140°F
					 (60°C). When a Category 3 liquid with a flashpoint at or above 100°F
					 (37.8°C) is heated for use to within 30°F (16.7°C) of its
					 flashpoint, it must be handled in accordance with the requirements for a
					 Category 3 liquid with a flashpoint below 100°F (37.8°C).
(d)
Category 4
must include liquids having
					 flashpoints above 140°F (60°C) and at or below 199.4°F (93°C).
					 When a Category 4 flammable liquid is heated for use to within 30°F
					 (16.7°C) of its flashpoint, it must be handled in accordance with the
					 requirements for a Category 3 liquid with a flashpoint at or above 100°F
					 (37.8°C).
(e) When liquid with a flashpoint greater than 199.4°F
					 (93°C) is heated for use to within 30°F (16.7°C) of its flashpoint,
					 it must be handled in accordance with the requirements for a Category 4
					 flammable liquid.
Flashpoint.
The minimum temperature at which a
					 liquid gives off vapor within a test vessel in sufficient concentration to form
					 an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid, and shall be
					 determined as follows:
(a) For a liquid which has a viscosity of less than 45 SUS
					 at 100°F (37.8°C), does not contain suspended solids, and does not have
					 a tendency to form a surface film while under test, the procedure specified in
					 the Standard Method of Test for Flashpoint by Tag Closed Tester (ASTM D-56-70),
					 WAC 296-901-14024, Appendix BPhysical
					 hazard criteria, shall be used.
(b) For a liquid which has a viscosity of 45 SUS or more at
					 100°F (37.8°C), or contains suspended solids, or has a tendency to form
					 a surface film while under test, the Standard Method of Test for Flashpoint by
					 Pensky-Martens Closed Tester (ASTM D-93-71) or an equivalent method as defined
					 by WAC 296-901-14024, Appendix BPhysical
					 hazard criteria, shall be used, except that the methods specified in Note 1 to
					 section 1.1 of ASTM D-93-71 may be used for the respective materials specified
					 in the note.
(c) For a liquid that is a mixture of compounds that have
					 different volatilities and flashpoints, its flashpoint shall be determined by
					 using the procedure specified in (a) or (b) of this subsection on the liquid in
					 the form it is shipped.
(d) Organic peroxides, which undergo autoaccelerating
					 thermal decomposition, are excluded from any of the flashpoint determination
					 methods specified in this section.
Hotel.
Buildings or groups of buildings under
					 the same management in which there are sleeping accommodations for hire
					 primarily used by transients who are lodged with or without meals including but
					 not limited to inns, clubs, motels, and apartment hotels.
Institutional occupancy.
The occupancy or use
					 of a building or structure or any portion thereof by persons harbored or
					 detained to receive medical, charitable or other care or treatment, or by
					 persons involuntarily detained.
Liquid.
For the purpose of these standards,
					 any material which has a fluidity greater than that of 300 penetration asphalt
					 when tested in accordance with ASTM Test for Penetration for Bituminous
					 Materials, D-5-65. When not otherwise identified, the term liquid shall include
					 both flammable liquids.
Listed.
See "Approved."
Low-pressure tank.
A storage tank which has
					 been designed to operate at pressures above 0.5 p.s.i.g. but not more than 15
					 p.s.i.g.
Marine service station.
That portion of a
					 property where flammable liquids used as fuels are stored and dispensed from
					 fixed equipment on shore, piers, wharves, or floating docks into the fuel tanks
					 or self-propelled craft, and shall include all facilities used in connection
					 therewith.
Mercantile occupancy.
The occupancy or use of
					 a building or structure or any portion thereof for the displaying, selling, or
					 buying of goods, wares, or merchandise.
Office occupancy.
The occupancy or use of a
					 building or structure or any portion thereof for the transaction of business,
					 or the rendering or receiving of professional services.
Portable tank.
A closed container having a
					 liquid capacity over sixty United States gallons and not intended for fixed
					 installation.
Pressure vessel.
A storage tank or vessel
					 which has been designed to operate at pressures above 15 p.s.i.g.
Protection for exposure.
Adequate fire
					 protection for structures on property adjacent to tanks, where there are
					 employees of the establishment.
Refinery.
A plant in which flammable liquids
					 are produced on a commercial scale from crude petroleum, natural gasoline, or
					 other hydrocarbon sources.
Safety can.
An approved container, of not more
					 than five gallons capacity, having a spring-closing lid and spout cover and so
					 designed that it will safely relieve internal pressure when subjected to fire
					 exposure.
Storage.
Flammable liquids must be stored in a
					 tank or in a container that complies with WAC
					 296-24-33009(2).
SUS.
Saybolt Universal Seconds as determined
					 by the Standard Method of Test for Saybolt Viscosity (ASTM D-88-56), and may be
					 determined by use of the SUS conversion tables specified in ASTM Method
					 D2161-66 following determination of viscosity in accordance with the procedures
					 specified in the Standard Method of Test for Viscosity of Transparent and
					 Opaque Liquids (ASTM D445-65).
Unstable (reactive) liquid.
A liquid which in
					 the pure state or as commercially produced or transported will vigorously
					 polymerize, decompose, condense, or will become self-reactive under conditions
					 of shocks, pressure, or temperature.
Vapor pressure.
The pressure, measured in
					 pounds per square inch (absolute) exerted by a volatile liquid as determined by
					 the "Standard Method of Test for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid
					 Method)," American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM D323-68.
Ventilation.
As specified in these standards
					 is for the prevention of fire and explosion. It is considered adequate if it is
					 sufficient to prevent accumulation of significant quantities of vapor-air
					 mixtures in concentration over one-fourth of the lower flammable limit.
Viscous.
A viscosity of 45 SUS or more.
Note: The volatility of liquids is increased when
					 artificially heated to temperatures equal to or higher than their flashpoints.
					 When so heated Category 3 and 4 liquids must be subject to the applicable
					 requirements for Category 1 and 2 liquids. These standards may also be applied
					 to high flashpoint liquids when so heated even though these same liquids when
					 not heated are outside of its scope.
Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 88-23-054 (Order
						88-25), § 296-24-33001, filed 11/14/88. Statutory Authority:
						RCW
						 49.17.040 and
						49.17.050. 82-08-026 (Order
						82-10), § 296-24-33001, filed 3/30/82. Statutory Authority:
						RCW
						 49.17.040,
						49.17.050,
						49.17.240,
						chapters
						43.22 and
						42.30 RCW. 80-17-015 (Order 80-21),
						§ 296-24-33001, filed 11/13/80; Order 76-29, § 296-24-33001, filed
						9/30/76; Order 76-6, § 296-24-33001, filed 3/1/76; Order 74-27, §
						296-24-33001, filed 5/7/74; Order 73-5, § 296-24-33001, filed 5/9/73 and
						Order 73-4, § 296-24-33001, filed
						5/7/73.