Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-17A - Classifications for Washington workers' compensation insurance › Section 296-17A-0202 - Classification 0202

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
0202-02 Pile construction: Driven method
Applies to:
Businesses engaged in pile construction utilizing a driven or
				pounding method. Pile driving involves long sturdy posts or columns of timber,
				steel, or concrete being driven into the earth as a foundation or support for a
				structure such as a building, pier or wharf. This type of activity usually
				occurs when a portion of the structure is going to be under water, in mud, at a
				site where the ground is soft or unstable, or when the structure is expected to
				be of extraordinary weight.
Work activities include, but are not limited
				to:
* Driving wood or steel beams;
* Driving concrete columns;
* All cross beaming, decking, and similar carpentry incidental
				to, and connected with, pile driving operations as part of the foundation
				construction project.
Exclusions:
* Diving operations or activities which are to be reported
				separately in classification 0202-04;
* Pile construction work utilizing a drilling method, which is
				reported in 0202-06;
* Other types of pile construction work that do not involve a
				drilled or driven method, but is a form of ground stabilization/improvement,
				which is reported in 0202-06.
Note:
Contractors engaged in both pile
				construction using the driven method and drilled method will have both
				subclassifications 0202-02 and 0202-06 assigned, and must report in each
				subclassification as it applies to the work performed.
Special note
:
Pile driving
				projects could occur on or adjacent to navigable waters (harbors, rivers,
				canals) which are defined as those which form a continuous highway for
				interstate or international commerce. Workers who perform the work activities
				from on board a vessel could be subject to the Admiralty Law which recognizes
				such work crews and workers as a master or member of a vessel, and subject to
				federal law known as the Jones Act. Every person on board a vessel is deemed a
				seaman if connected with the operation while on navigable waters. The term
				vessel has been interpreted by the courts to include any type of man-made
				floating object such as a floating derrick, pile driver or dredge, a barge, or
				a pontoon (which is a flat bottom boat) or portable float. Workers who perform
				the work activities from the shoreline or from adjacent areas such as an
				existing dock, pier, or bridge may or may not be subject to federal law covered
				under the U.S. Longshore and Harbor Workers Act. Usually, pile driving projects
				involve a variety of types of work crews such as those working from a floating
				derrick or pile driver, a barge, a pontoon, a shoreline pile crew, workers
				inside the cofferdam, as well as the maintenance and repair of the construction
				material or equipment. Care should be exercised prior to assignment of this
				classification as the workers could be subject to either or both of these acts.
				The criteria used in determining federal law and coverage is based on the most
				current federal court decisions and case law.
0202-03 Wharf, pier, dock and marine railway:
				Construction, maintenance and repair
Applies to contractors engaged in the construction, maintenance
				or repair of piers, wharves, docks and marine railways. A pier or wharf is a
				platform extending from a shore over water and supported by piles or pillars. A
				dock is the area between two piers or alongside a pier or wharf. These types of
				platforms are for vessels to tie up and provide an area for loading, unloading,
				or repairing vessels. Most often, the construction of such platforms will
				include the foundation or substructure being under water or mud, and the
				remainder of the platform being exposed above the water or mud. Work
				contemplated by this classification includes, but is not limited to,
				construction of the foundation or substructure which consists of shaft sinking,
				pile driving, stacking of piles and/or erection of a cofferdam, and includes
				all concrete, steel or carpentry work after the foundation or substructure is
				built to completion of the project. Shaft sinking involves the removal of earth
				from a hole with a relatively small diameter and usually at a considerable
				depth. Pile driving involves long sturdy posts or columns of timber, steel, or
				concrete being driven into the earth as a foundation or support for the
				structure. The cofferdam is a temporary structure from which water can be
				pumped or sucked to provide a dry work area during construction of the
				foundation or substructure. Once the foundation support is complete, the
				cofferdam is taken apart and removed. This classification also includes caisson
				work as part of the construction for the foundation or substructure
				support.
This classification excludes diving operations or activities
				which are to be reported separately in classification 0202-04.
Special note
:
The construction of
				piers, wharves, docks and marine railways could occur on or adjacent to
				navigable waters (harbors, rivers, canals) which is defined as those which form
				a continuous highway for interstate or international commerce. Workers who
				perform the work activities from on board a vessel could be subject to the
				Admiralty Law which recognizes such work crews and workers as a master or
				member of a vessel, and subject to federal law known as the Jones Act. Every
				person on board a vessel is deemed a seaman if connected with the operation
				while on navigable water. The term vessel has been interpreted by the courts to
				include any type of man-made floating object such as a floating derrick,
				floating barge, a pontoon (which is a flat bottom boat) or portable float.
				Workers who perform the work activities from the shoreline or from adjacent
				areas such as an existing dock, pier, or bridge may or may not be subject to
				federal law covered under the U.S. Longshore and Harbor Workers Act. Usually,
				these types of projects involve a variety of work crews such as those working
				from a floating derrick or barge, a pontoon, a shoreline pile crew, workers
				inside the cofferdam, as well as the maintenance and repair of the construction
				material or equipment. Care should be exercised prior to assignment of this
				classification as the workers could be subject to either or both of these acts.
				The criteria used in determining federal law and coverage is based on the most
				current federal court decisions and case law.
0202-04 Diving operations and subaqueous work,
				N.O.C.
Applies to establishments engaged in diving operations not
				covered by another classification (N.O.C.). Diving operations such as
				underwater diving, skin diving or scuba diving are performed in numerous types
				of uncontrolled environments such as the ocean, harbors, bays, dams, lakes, as
				well as controlled environments such as swimming pools or aquarium tanks. Work
				contemplated by this classification includes, but is not limited to, marine
				salvage and wreckage, underwater mining and sweeping, underwater construction
				or demolition, installation, repair and/or inspection of wharves, piers, and
				docks, inspection of ships, barges, and other vessels, underwater exploration,
				as well as diving instruction. Classification 0202 includes all diving
				activities with the following exception: Diving instructors who provide
				instructional lessons in a controlled environment such as a swimming pool may
				be reported separately in classification 6209 provided accurate time records
				are maintained for the instructional lesson hours. Failure to maintain accurate
				time records will result in the hours in question being assigned to
				classification 0202 without a division of hours between the two
				classifications.
Special note
:
Many diving
				operations and activities occur on or adjacent to navigable waters (a harbor,
				river, canal, dam, lake) which is defined as those which form a continuous
				highway for interstate or international commerce. Workers who perform diving
				activities (to include divers, deck hands, or "diving tenders" who are support
				personnel such as line handlers and pump persons) from on board a vessel could
				be subject to the Admiralty Law which recognizes such work crews and workers as
				a master or member of a vessel, and subject to federal law known as the Jones
				Act. Every person on board a vessel is deemed a seaman if connected with the
				operation while on navigable water. The term vessel has been interpreted by the
				courts to include any type of man-made floating object such as a floating
				derrick or dredge, a boat or ship, a barge, or type of pontoon (which is a flat
				bottom boat) or portable float. Workers who perform diving activities (to
				include divers, deck hands, or "diving tenders" who are support personnel such
				as line handlers and pump persons) from the shoreline or from adjacent areas
				such as an existing dock, pier or bridge may or may not be subject to federal
				law covered under the U.S. Longshore and Harbor Workers Act. Care should be
				exercised prior to assignment of this classification as the workers could be
				subject to either or both of these acts. The criteria used in determining
				federal law and coverage is based on the most current federal court decisions
				and case law.
0202-05 Geoduck harvesting by divers (to be assigned only
				by the maritime specialist)
Applies to establishments engaged in diving operations to
				harvest wild geoduck clams from natural areas. Work contemplated by this
				classification includes subaqueous harvesting of geoduck clams, sea cucumbers
				or similar marine life.
Special note
:
Many diving
				operations and activities occur on or adjacent to navigable waters (a harbor,
				river, canal, dam, lake) which is defined as those which form a continuous
				highway for interstate or international commerce. Workers who perform diving
				activities (to include divers, deck hands, or "diving tenders" who are support
				personnel such as line handlers and pump persons) from on board a vessel could
				be subject to the Jones Act or Admiralty Law which recognize such work crews
				and workers as masters or members of a vessel, and subject to federal law known
				as the Jones Act. Every person on board a vessel is deemed a seaman if
				connected with the operation while on navigable water. The term vessel has been
				interpreted by the courts to include any type of man-made floating object such
				as a floating derrick or dredge, a boat or ship, a barge, or type of pontoon
				(which is a flat bottom boat) or portable float. Workers who perform diving
				activities (to include divers, deck hands, or "diving tenders" or other support
				personnel such as line handlers and pump persons) from the shoreline or from
				adjacent areas such as an existing dock, pier or bridge may or may not be
				subject to federal law covered under the U.S. Longshore and Harbor Workers
				Compensation Act (LHWCA). Care should be exercised prior to assignment of this
				classification as the workers could be subject to either or both state fund or
				federal jurisdiction. The criteria used in determining federal law and coverage
				is based on the most current federal court decisions and case law.
0202-06-Pile construction: Drilled method
Applies to:
Businesses engaged in pile construction utilizing a drilling
				method. This classification also applies to other types of pile construction
				work that do not involve a drilled method but is a form of ground
				stabilization/improvement including, but not limited to:
* Cement grouting;
* Vibro concrete column;
* Vibro replacement.
Structural support (deep foundations), earth retention, ground
				improvement and grouting are necessary when:
- Surface layer is not adequate or is not economically feasible
				to use;
-Soils are soft or loose;
-Soil bearing capacity must be increased;
-Support is needed to stabilize slopes;
-Cutting off groundwater is needed;
-Remediating settlement.
Exclusions:
* Diving operations or activities which are to be reported
				separately in classification 0202-04.
* Pile construction work utilizing a driven or pounding method,
				which is to be reported in 0202-02, Pile construction: Driven method.
Note:
Contractors engaged in both pile
				construction using the driven method and drilled method will have both
				subclassifications 0202-02 and 0202-06 assigned, and must report in each
				subclassification as it applies to the work performed.
Industry terminology:
Augercast piles
- Are
				formed by drilling into the ground with a hollow stemmed continuous flight
				auger to the required depth or degree of resistance.
Drilled shafts
- Are
				typically high-capacity cast-in-place deep foundation elements constructed
				using an auger, drilling bucket or grab.
Helical piles
- Are
				formed by rotating galvanized heads and steel pipe extensions, with attached
				helical cutting blades, into the ground at any angle using a high torque
				hydraulic motor.
Macropiles/micropiles/tiedowns
- Are shallow or deep foundation elements constructed
				using threaded steel pipe or typically in the case of tiedown anchors just a
				reinforcing steel bar.
Pit underpinning
- This
				technique creates support for an existing building when there is foundation
				damage or when there is going to be excavation or foundation work performed
				adjacent to it.
Soldier beams and lagging
- Support technique where vertical piles are drilled at
				regular intervals along the planned excavation perimeter. The lagging
				effectively resists the load of the retained soil and transfers it to the
				beams.
Soil nailing
- Is an
				earth retention technique using grouted tension-resisting steel elements
				(nails) that can be designed for permanent or temporary
				support.
Secant piles
- Are piles
				constructed by overlapping drilled shafts with either structural or lean
				concrete fill.
Tangent pile walls
- Are
				constructed using methods similar to secant piles but tangent piles are equally
				shaped and abut each other instead of intersecting.
Soil mixing
- Process
				used to improve the characteristics of soft or loose soil profiles by
				mechanically mixing them with cementitious grout to create soil cement columns
				or panels.
Vibro concrete columns
-
				Transfers loads through weak strata to a firm underlying stratum, using high
				modulus concrete columns.
Vibro replacement
-
				Constructs dense aggregate columns (stone columns) by means of a
				crane-suspended down-hole vibrator, to reinforce all soils and densify granular
				soils.
Compaction grouting
- The
				densification of loose granular soils with the controlled injection of a low
				slump mortarlike grout.
Permeation grouting
- A
				grouting technique that transforms granular soils into sandstone-like masses,
				by permeation with a low viscosity sodium silicate chemical grout or the use of
				microfine or ultrafine cement grouts.
Grout injection pile
-
				Are steel and concrete pipe composite piles that are screwed into the ground
				under very high torque and down-pressure.
Jet grouting
- A drill
				rod equipped with jet nozzles injects high-pressure water, air, and cement into
				the ground as the drill rod is rotated and raised.
Special note
:
Pile driving
				projects could occur on or adjacent to navigable waters (harbors, rivers,
				canals) which are defined as those which form a continuous highway for
				interstate or international commerce. Workers who perform the work activities
				from on board a vessel could be subject to the Admiralty Law which recognizes
				such work crews and workers as a master or member of a vessel, and subject to
				federal law known as the Jones Act. Every person on board a vessel is deemed a
				seaman if connected with the operation while on navigable waters. The term
				vessel has been interpreted by the courts to include any type of man-made
				floating object such as a floating derrick, pile driver or dredge, a barge, or
				a pontoon (which is a flat bottom boat) or portable float. Workers who perform
				the work activities from the shoreline or from adjacent areas such as an
				existing dock, pier, or bridge may or may not be subject to federal law covered
				under the U.S. Longshore and Harbor Workers Act. Usually, pile construction
				projects involve a variety of types of work crews such as those working from a
				floating derrick or pile driver, a barge, a pontoon, a shoreline pile crew,
				workers inside the cofferdam, as well as the maintenance and repair of the
				construction material or equipment. Care should be exercised prior to
				assignment of this classification as the workers could be subject to either or
				both of these acts. The criteria used in determining federal law and coverage
				is based on the most current federal court decisions and case
				law.
Statutory Authority:
				  RCW
				   51.16.035,
				  51.16.100, 2008 c 70, and
				  Title
				  51 RCW. 08-15-132, §
				  296-17A-0202, filed 7/22/08, effective 1/1/09. 07-01-014, recodified as §
				  296-17A-0202, filed 12/8/06, effective 12/8/06. Statutory Authority:
				  RCW
				   51.16.035. 98-18-042, § 296-17-509,
				  filed 8/28/98, effective 10/1/98. Statutory Authority:
				  RCW
				   51.04.020(1) and
				  51.16.035. 89-24-051 (Order
				  89-22), § 296-17-509, filed 12/1/89, effective 1/1/90. Statutory
				  Authority:
				  RCW
				   51.16.035. 87-12-032 (Order 87-12), §
				  296-17-509, filed 5/29/87, effective 7/1/87; 85-24-032 (Order 85-33), §
				  296-17-509, filed 11/27/85, effective 1/1/86; 85-06-026 (Order 85-7), §
				  296-17-509, filed 2/28/85, effective 4/1/85; 83-24-017 (Order 83-36), §
				  296-17-509, filed 11/30/83, effective 1/1/84; Order 76-36, § 296-17-509,
				  filed 11/30/76; Order 73-22, § 296-17-509, filed 11/9/73, effective
				  1/1/74.