reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225 - Radiation protection - X rays in the healing arts › Section 246-225-020 - General requirements - Administrative controls

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1) No person shall make, sell, lease,
				transfer, lend, or install X-ray equipment or the accessories used in
				connection with such equipment unless such accessories and equipment, when
				properly placed in operation and properly used, shall meet the requirements of
				this chapter.
(2) The registrant in
				control of the X-ray machines shall be responsible for directing the operation
				of the X-ray machines. The registrant or registrant's agent shall assure the
				following provisions are met in the operation of the X-ray machine or machines:
(a) The registrant shall not operate an X-ray
				machine for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes when the X-ray machine:
(i) Does not meet the provisions of this
				chapter; or
(ii) Is malfunctioning
				and threatens the health or safety of the patient, operator, or general
				public.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225 - Radiation protection - X rays in the healing arts › Section 246-225-030 - General requirements - Plan review

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1) Before construction, the floor plans and
				equipment arrangement of medical installations (new or modifications of
				existing installations) utilizing X rays for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes
				shall be submitted to:
(a) A qualified expert
				for determination of shielding requirements using National Council on Radiation
				Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Report No. 147, available at the NCRP web
				site at https://www.ncrppublications.org, or equivalent; and
(b) The department for subsequent review.
Review shall not imply approval.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225 - Radiation protection - X rays in the healing arts › Section 246-225-050 - Fluoroscopic X-ray systems

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
Fluoroscopic X-ray systems shall meet the following
				  requirements:
(1) Limitation of useful
				beam.
(a) The fluoroscopic tube shall not
				produce X rays unless the primary barrier is in position to intercept the
				entire useful beam at all times.
(b) The entire cross section of the useful
				beam shall be intercepted by the primary protective barrier of the fluoroscopic
				image assembly at any source-to-image-distance (SID).
(c) Nonimage-intensified fluoroscopic
				equipment shall not be used.
(d)
				For fluoroscopic equipment without a spot film device, neither the length nor
				the width of the fluoroscopic X-ray field in the plane of the image receptor
				shall exceed that of the visible area of the image receptor by more than three
				percent of the SID. The sum of the excess length and the excess width shall be
				no greater than four percent of the SID. Measurements shall be made at the
				minimum SID available but at no less than 20 centimeters (8 inches) table top
				to image receptor distance.
(e) For
				uncertified fluoroscopic equipment with a spot film device, the fluoroscopic
				X-ray beam with the shutters wide open (during either fluoroscopy itself or
				spot films) shall be no larger than the dimensions of the largest spot film
				size for which the device is designed. Measurements shall be made at the
				minimum SID available, but at no less than 20 centimeters (8 inches) table top
				to the film plane distance.
(f) For
				certified (  21 C.F.R. 1020) fluoroscopic equipment with a spot film device,
				neither the length nor the width of the fluoroscopic X-ray field in the plane
				of the image receptor shall exceed that of the visible area of the image
				receptor by more than three percent of the SID. The sum of the excess length
				and width shall be no greater than four percent of the SID. Measurements shall
				be made at the minimum SID available, but at no less than 20 centimeters (8
				inches) table top to film plane distance.
(g) Fluoroscopic equipment beam limitation:
(i) Means shall be provided to reduce the
				beam size at the plane of the image receptor to 125 square centimeters or less;
				and
(ii) The minimum field size at
				the greatest SID shall be equal to or less than 5 centimeters by 5
				centimeters.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225 - Radiation protection - X rays in the healing arts › Section 246-225-060 - Radiographic systems other than fluoroscopic, dental intraoral, or veterinary systems - Beam limitation

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
The useful beam shall be limited to the area of clinical
				  interest and show evidence of collimation. This shall be deemed to have been
				  met if a positive beam limiting device has been properly used or if evidence of
				  collimation is shown on at least three sides or three corners of the film, (for
				  example, projections from the shutters of the collimator, cone cutting at the
				  corners or a border at the film's edge).
(1)
General purpose stationary and
				mobile X-ray systems.
(a) There
				shall be provided a means for stepless adjustment of the size of the X-ray
				field such that at least two dimensions of the X-ray field are independently
				variable. The minimum field size at a SID of 100 centimeters shall be equal to
				or less than ten by ten centimeters.
(b) Adequate means shall be provided for
				visually defining the perimeter of the X-ray field. The total misalignment of
				the edges of the visually defined field with the respective edges of the X-ray
				field along either the length or width of the visually defined field shall not
				exceed 2 percent of the distance from the source to the center of the visually
				defined field when the surface upon which it appears is perpendicular to the
				central axis of the X-ray beam.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225 - Radiation protection - X rays in the healing arts › Section 246-225-070 - Radiographic systems other than fluoroscopic, dental intraoral, or veterinary systems - Radiation exposure control devices

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
Timers.
Means shall be
				provided to terminate the exposure at a preset time interval, preset product of
				current and time, a preset number of pulses, or a preset radiation exposure to
				the image receptor. In addition, it shall be impossible to make an exposure
				when the timer is set to a zero or off position if either position is
				provided.
(2)
X-ray control
				(exposure switch)
:
(a) A control
				which shall be the equivalent of a dead-man switch, shall be incorporated into
				each X-ray system such that an exposure can be terminated at any time except
				for:
(i) Exposure of one-half second or less,
				or
(ii) During serial radiography
				when means shall be provided to permit completion of any single exposure of the
				series in process.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225 - Radiation protection - X rays in the healing arts › Section 246-225-080 - Radiographic systems other than fluoroscopic, dental intraoral, or veterinary systems - Source-to-skin or receptor distance

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
Limitation.
All
				radiographic systems shall be provided with a durable, securely fastened means
				to limit the source-to-skin distance to not less than 23 centimeters. The
				requirement can be met when the collimator or cone provides the required
				limits.
(2)
Source to
				receptor distance measuring device.
All radiographic systems shall be
				provided with a device or reference, other than a collimator light localizer,
				which will indicate the selected source to image receptor distance (SID) to
				within 2 percent of the indicated SID.
Statutory Authority:
					 RCW
					 43.70.040. 91-02-049 (Order 121), recodified
					 as § 246-225-080, filed 12/27/90, effective 1/31/91. Statutory Authority:
					 RCW
					    70.98.080. 83-19-050 (Order 2026), §
					 402-28-053, filed 9/16/83. Statutory Authority:
					 RCW
					    70.98.050. 81-01-011 (Order 1570), §
					 402-28-053, filed 12/8/80; Order 1084, § 402-28-053, filed 1/14/76.
					 Formerly WAC 402-28-050 (part).
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225 - Radiation protection - X rays in the healing arts › Section 246-225-090 - Radiographic systems other than fluoroscopic and dental intraoral - Exposure reproducibility

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
The
exposure
produced shall be
				  reproducible to within the following criterion: When all technique factors are
				  held constant, the coefficient of variation shall not exceed 0.05.
(1) For manual exposure control mode, this
				shall be deemed to have been met if when four
exposures
at identical technique factors are made, the
				difference between the maximum exposure value (Emax) and the minimum exposure
				value (Emin) shall be less than or equal to 10% of the average exposure (E):
(Emax) - (Emin) <= 0.10E
(2)
				For phototimed exposure control mode, this shall be deemed to have been met if
				when four
exposures
at identical technique factors are
				made, the difference between the maximum exposure value (Emax) and the minimum
				exposure value (Emin) shall be less than or equal to 10% of the average
				exposure (E):
(Emax) - (Emin) <= 0.1E
The four exposures are to be made under the following
				  conditions in phototimed mode:
(a) The
				kV is held constant.
(b) The mA, if
				selectable, is held constant.
(c)
				The selected density, if selectable, is held constant.
(d) Selection of phototimer radiation
				detectors (single or multiple detectors selected), if available, is varied for
				each of the four exposures.
(e) The
				same attenuator is placed in the X-ray field between the selected phototimer
				radiation detectors (photocells) and the radiation detector used to determine
				the four exposure values.
(f) The
				selected phototimer radiation detectors (photocells) are within the X-ray field
				during each exposure measurement and are covered completely by the
				attenuator.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225 - Radiation protection - X rays in the healing arts › Section 246-225-100 - Radiographic systems - Standby radiation from capacitor energy storage equipment

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
Radiation emitted from the X-ray tube when the exposure
				  switch or timer is not activated shall not exceed a rate of 2 milliroentgens
				  per hour at 5 centimeters from any accessible surface of the diagnostic source
				  assembly, with the beam-limiting device fully open.
Statutory Authority:
					 RCW
					 43.70.040. 91-02-049 (Order 121), recodified
					 as § 246-225-100, filed 12/27/90, effective 1/31/91. Statutory Authority:
					 RCW
					    70.98.050. 81-01-011 (Order 1570), §
					 402-28-055, filed 12/8/80; Order 1084, § 402-28-055, filed 1/14/76.
					 Formerly WAC 402-28-050 (part).
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225 - Radiation protection - X rays in the healing arts › Section 246-225-120 - Therapeutic X-ray installations less than 1 MeV

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
Equipment requirements.
(a)
Leakage radiation.
When
				the tube is operated at its leakage technique factors, the leakage radiation
				shall not exceed the value specified at the distance specified for the
				classification of that X-ray system:
(i)
				Contact therapy systems. Leakage radiation shall not exceed 100 milliroentgens
				per hour at five centimeters from the surface of the tube housing
				assembly;
(ii) Zero to one hundred
				fifty kVp systems. Systems shall have a leakage radiation which does not exceed
				one roentgen in one hour at one meter from the source;
(iii) One hundred fifty-one to nine hundred
				ninety-nine kVp systems. The leakage radiation shall not exceed one roentgen in
				one hour at one meter from the source except systems that operate in excess of
				500 kVp may have a leakage radiation at one meter from the source equivalent to
				the exposure within one hour of the useful beam at one meter from the source
				multiplied by a factor of 0.001.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225 - Radiation protection - X rays in the healing arts › Section 246-225-140 - Veterinary medicine radiographic installations

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
Equipment.
(a) The protective tube housing shall be of
				diagnostic type.
See WAC
				  246-225-040(4).
(b) Diaphragms, cones, or a
				stepless adjustable collimator shall be used for collimating the useful beam to
				the area of clinical interest and shall provide the same degree of protection
				as is required of the housing. Cones or diaphragms, if used, shall be marked
				with their field size and the distance at which they are to be used.
(c) The half-value layer (HVL) of the useful
				beam shall not be less than as shown in the following table:
Measured
Potential
(kilovolts peak)
Half-value Layer (millimeters of aluminum
equivalent)
70 and below
1.5
71
2.1
80
2.3
90
2.5
100
2.7
110
3.0
120
3.2
(d)
				A device shall be provided to terminate the exposure after a preset time or
				exposure. It must not be possible for the device to allow an exposure when
				preset at "zero" or "off."
(e) A
				dead-man type of exposure switch shall be provided, together with an electrical
				cord of sufficient length, so that the operator can stand out of the useful
				beam and at least two meters from the animal during all X-ray
				exposures.
(f) Reproducibility
				requirements as described under WAC
				246-225-090.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225 - Radiation protection - X rays in the healing arts › Section 246-225-150 - X-ray film developing requirements

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
Compliance with this section is required of healing arts
				  registrants and is designed to ensure the patient and operator exposure is
				  minimized, and to produce optimum image quality and diagnostic
				  information.
(1) Manual processing of
				films:
(a) The following relationship between
				temperature of the developer and development time must be used (standard
				chemistry only):
THERMOMETER READINGS (DEGREES)
MINIMUM DEVELOPING TIMES (MINUTES)
C
F
27-
80
2
79
2
78
2 1/2
77
2 1/2
24-
76
3
75
3
74
3 1/2
73
3 1/2
22-
72
4
71
4
70
4 1/2
69
4 1/2
20-
68
5
67
5 1/2
66
5 1/2
65
6
18-
64
6 1/2
63
7
62
8
61
8 1/2
16-
60
9 1/2
(b)
Processing of film.
All films shall be processed to achieve
				adequate sensitometric performance. This criterion shall be adjudged met if:
(i) Film manufacturer's published
				recommendations for time and temperature are followed; or
(ii) Each film is developed in accordance
				with the time-temperature chart as required under subdivision (a) of this
				subsection.
(c) Devices
				shall be available giving:
(i) The actual
				temperature of the developer; and
(ii) An audible or visible signal indicating
				the termination of a preset time (in minutes).
(d) Chemical-film processing control.
(i) Chemicals shall be mixed in accordance
				with the chemical manufacturer's recommendations.
(ii) Developer replenisher shall be
				periodically added to the developer tank based on the recommendations of the
				chemical or film manufacturer. Solution may be removed from the tank to permit
				the addition of an adequate volume of replenisher.
(iii) All processing chemicals shall be
				completely replaced at least every two months.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225 - Radiation protection - X rays in the healing arts › Section 246-225-99920 - Appendix II - Determination of competency

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
The following are areas in which the department considers it
				  important that an individual have expertise for the competent operation of
				  X-ray equipment.
(1)
Familiarization with equipment.
(a) Identification of controls.
(b) Function of each control.
(c) The use of a technique chart.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225 - Radiation protection - X rays in the healing arts › Section 246-225-99930 - Appendix III - Information to be submitted by persons proposing to conduct healing arts screening using ionizing radiation

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
Persons requesting that the department approve a healing arts
				  screening program shall submit the following information and evaluation:
(1) Name and address of the applicant and,
				where applicable, the names and addresses of agents within this
				state.
(2) Diseases or conditions
				and frequency for which the X-ray examinations are to be used.
(3) Description in detail of the X-ray
				examinations proposed in the screening program.
(4) Description of the population to be
				examined in the screening program, i.e., age, sex, physical condition, and
				other appropriate information.
(5)
				An evaluation of any known alternate methods not involving ionizing radiation
				which could achieve the goals of the screening program and why these methods
				are not used in preference to the X-ray examinations.
(6) An evaluation by a qualified expert of
				the X-ray system(s) to be used in the screening program. The evaluation by the
				qualified expert shall show that such system(s) satisfy all requirements of
				these regulations. The evaluation shall include a measurement of patient
				exposures from the X-ray examinations to be performed.
(7) A description of the diagnostic film
				quality control program.
(8) A copy
				of the technique chart for the X-ray examination procedures to be
				used.
(9) The qualifications of
				each individual who will be operating the X-ray system(s).
(10) The qualifications of the individual who
				will be supervising the operators of the X-ray system(s). The extent of
				supervision and the method of work performance evaluation shall be
				specified.
(11) The name and
				address of the individual who will interpret the radiograph(s).
(12) A description of the procedure to be
				used in advising the individuals screened and their private practitioners of
				the healing arts of the results of the screening procedure and any further
				medical needs indicated.
(13) A
				description of the procedures for the retention or disposition of the
				radiographs and other records pertaining to the X-ray examinations.
(14) An indication of the frequency of
				screening and the duration of the entire screening program.
Statutory Authority:
					 RCW
					 70.98.050 and
					 70.98.080. 91-15-083 (Order 183),
					 § 246-225-99930, filed 7/23/91, effective 8/23/91. Statutory Authority:
					 RCW
					    43.70.040. 91-02-049 (Order 121), recodified
					 as § 246-225-99930, filed 12/27/90, effective 1/31/91. Statutory
					 Authority:
					 RCW
					    70.98.080. 83-19-050 (Order 2026), §
					 402-28-99004, filed 9/16/83. Statutory Authority:
					 RCW
					 70.98.050. 81-01-011 (Order 1570), §
					 402-28-99004, filed 12/8/80.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225A - Radiation safety and diagnostic image quality standards for dental facilities › Section 246-225A-001 - Purpose and scope

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
This chapter establishes facility design and operation
				  requirements for the use of dental X-ray equipment according to chapter 70A.388
				  RCW. The scope of this chapter pertains to dental intraoral and extra-oral
				  radiography and establishes radiation safety requirements for patients, dental
				  employees, and the public; and establishes optimal diagnostic image processing
				  requirements.
Statutory Authority:
					 RCW
					    70.98.050 and
					 70.98.080. 08-14-074, §
					 246-225A-001, filed 6/26/08, effective
					 7/27/08.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225A - Radiation safety and diagnostic image quality standards for dental facilities › Section 246-225A-010 - Definitions

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
The definitions in this section apply throughout this chapter
				  unless the context clearly requires otherwise.
(1) "Artifact" means an undesirable optical
				density or blemish on a radiographic image that detracts from the diagnostic
				information.
(2) "Barrier" (see
				"protective barrier").
(3) "Beam"
				(see "X-ray").
(4) "Beam-limiting
				device," sometimes called a collimator or cone, means a device that controls
				the size of the X-ray field.
(5)
				"Cephalometric" means X-ray imaging specific to the human head and
				jaw.
(6) "Control panel" means the
				part of the X-ray system where the switches, knobs, pushbuttons, and other
				hardware necessary to operate the X-ray system are located.
(7) "CR (computed radiography)" means
				creating an X-ray image using plates consisting of a special phosphor that when
				exposed to radiation and then processed by a scanner, provides the information
				to a computer for display and manipulation.
(8) "CT (computed tomography)" means creating
				a cross-sectional X-ray image generated by an X-ray source and detector moving
				around the patient's body.
(9)
				"Dead-man button" means an X-ray exposure button designed so that it can only
				be operated by continuous pressure on the button by the operator, and when
				released before the preset exposure time will stop the exposure.
(10) "Department" means the department of
				health, which is the state radiation control agency under chapter 70A.388
				RCW.
(11) "Detector" means a device
				capable of receiving and recording an X-ray image.
(12) "Diagnostic source assembly" means the
				combination of the tube housing assembly and the collimator.
(13) "Direct scattered radiation" means
				radiation discharged in a straight line from the object being
				radiographed.
(14) "DR (direct
				digital radiography)" means creating an X-ray image by sending signals directly
				from a solid state detector to a computer for display and
				manipulation.
(15) "Exposure," as
				the context implies, means:
(a) The number of
				electrons, measured in coulombs per kilogram of air, released through the
				ionization of air molecules by electromagnetic radiation; or
(b) An occupational worker or patient being
				subjected to radiation either directly or indirectly.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225A - Radiation safety and diagnostic image quality standards for dental facilities › Section 246-225A-020 - General requirements and administrative controls

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
The registrant is responsible for directing the operation of
				  the X-ray system and assuring the provisions of chapter 246-222 WAC (Radiation
				  protection -- Worker rights) are met. In addition, the registrant shall:
(1) Verify that any operator of the X-ray
				equipment is trained and able to show that he or she can correctly and safely
				operate the X-ray equipment used by the registrant. The department may
				determine compliance by observation, interview, or testing in these subject
				areas:
(a) Knowledge of the X-ray system
				controls and their function;
(b)
				Knowledge of radiation safety and shielding methods for both operators and
				patients;
(c) Proper image
				processing.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225A - Radiation safety and diagnostic image quality standards for dental facilities › Section 246-225A-025 - X-ray system radiation safety procedure

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1) The department may require the registrant
				to adopt a written X-ray system radiation safety procedure if there is reason
				to believe the registrant needs increased attention because of:
(a) Inadequate operator training;
(b) Extremely high workload;
(c) Increased risk of exposure due to staff
				supporting patients during radiography;
(d) Increased risk of exposure to scattered
				radiation;
(e) Unnecessarily high
				patient exposure values; or
(f)
				Other similar conditions.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225A - Radiation safety and diagnostic image quality standards for dental facilities › Section 246-225A-026 - Healing arts screening program

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
Any individual proposing to conduct a healing arts screening
				  program shall obtain approval from the state health officer as required in WAC
				  246-225-99930 before conducting
				  the screening program.
Statutory Authority:
					 RCW
					 70.98.050 and
					 70.98.080. 08-14-074, §
					 246-225A-026, filed 6/26/08, effective
					 7/27/08.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225A - Radiation safety and diagnostic image quality standards for dental facilities › Section 246-225A-040 - Dental X-ray rule variance request

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
A registrant may submit a written request to the department
				  for a variance from the applicable regulations. The registrant shall not use
				  X-ray equipment on patients until the department approves the variance
				  request.
(1) The written request shall
				be addressed to: X-ray Supervisor, Office of Radiation Protection, Department
				of Health, P.O. Box 47827, Olympia, Washington 98504-7827, and must include:
(a) The specific WAC reference or references
				of the rule for which the variance is requested;
(b) An explanation of the circumstances
				involved, and the reason why the rule cannot be followed;
(c) A description of how the proposed
				alternative meets the intent of the rule and how the registrant shall protect
				patients, dental employees, and the public;
(d) A description of the X-ray system to be
				used with supporting pictures or documents; and
(e) The time period for which the variance is
				requested.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225A - Radiation safety and diagnostic image quality standards for dental facilities › Section 246-225A-050 - Dental X-ray facility design

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1) Each X-ray exposure button must be
				located to meet the following criteria:
(a)
				For stationary X-ray systems, the X-ray exposure button must be permanently
				mounted in a protected area so that the operator can make an exposure only from
				the protected area; and
(b) Mobile
				X-ray systems must have an X-ray exposure button located at the end of a cord
				at least twelve feet (3.7 meters) long.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225A - Radiation safety and diagnostic image quality standards for dental facilities › Section 246-225A-060 - General requirements for all dental X-ray systems

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
Registrants shall use only dental X-ray systems and medical
				  X-ray systems for dental imaging that meet the following requirements:
(1) The leakage radiation from the tube
				housing assembly, measured at a distance of one meter in any direction from the
				source, must not exceed 100 milliroentgens in one hour when the X-ray tube is
				operated at its leakage technique factors. The department will determine
				compliance by measuring leakage averaged over an area of 100 square centimeters
				with no dimension of that area greater than 20 centimeters.
(2) The HVL of the useful beam for a given
				X-ray tube potential must not be less than the values shown in Table 1 of this
				section. To determine the HVL at an X-ray tube potential which is not listed in
				Table 1 of this section, linear interpolation or extrapolation may be made.
Table 1
Design operating range (kVp)
Measured potential ( kVp)
HVL (millimeters of aluminum equivalent)
70 and below
70 and below
1.5
Above 70
71
2.1
80
2.3
90
2.5
100
2.7
(3)
				If two or more X-ray tubes are controlled by one X-ray exposure button, the
				tube or tubes in operation must be clearly marked before an exposure, on both
				the X-ray control panel and near or on the selected tube housing
				assembly.
(4) The tube housing
				assembly supports of a stationary, portable, or mobile X-ray system must be
				adjusted so that the tube housing assembly remains stable and does not drift
				during an exposure unless the tube housing movement during exposure is a
				designed function of the X-ray system. Except for X-ray systems specifically
				designed to be hand-held, an X-ray system or tube housing assembly must not be
				hand-held by anyone during the exposure.
(5) Except for CT X-ray systems that have a
				scram button, each X-ray control must have a dead-man button.
(6) Technique indicators must be set as
				follows:
(a) All exposure technique factors
				must be set on the control panel before the exposure begins, except when
				automatic exposure controls are used. When automatic exposure controls are
				used, any preselected settings for each exposure must be indicated.
(b) On equipment having fixed technique
				factors, the requirement in (a) of this subsection may be met by permanent
				markings or labels.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225A - Radiation safety and diagnostic image quality standards for dental facilities › Section 246-225A-070 - Special requirements for dental extra-oral radiography

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
Registrants shall use X-ray systems for extra-oral
				  radiography that meet the following requirements for:
(1) Beam limitation.
(a) X-ray equipment designed for only one
				image receptor size at a fixed SID must be able to limit the size of the beam
				at the plane of the image receptor to no larger than the image receptor, and to
				align the center of the X-ray beam with the center of the image receptor to
				within two percent of the SID. In the case of extra-oral imaging systems where
				the image receptor can be turned vertically or horizontally, the beam-limiting
				device must also be able to be turned so that the dimensions of the beam match
				the image receptor dimensions at the image receptor plane.
(b) Intra-oral radiography systems used to
				perform cephalometric projections, including trans-cranial exams, must be
				equipped with a stable means to:
(i) Comply
				with the beam size dimensions in subsection (1)(a) of this section;
				and
(ii) Center the beam to the
				image receptor as required in subsection (1)(a) of this section.
(c) General purpose medical X-ray
				equipment used to perform dental radiography must:
(i) Have stepless adjustment of the
				dimensions of the X-ray beam so that the width and height of the X-ray beam are
				independently adjustable. The minimum beam size at an SID of 100 centimeters
				must be equal to or less than 10 by 10 centimeters.
(ii) Have a means for operators to visually
				set the width and height of the X-ray beam. The misalignment of the edges of
				the visually set light field with the respective edges of the X-ray beam along
				either the length or width of the visually set light field must not be more
				than two percent of the distance from the source to the center of the visually
				defined light field when the surface upon which it appears is perpendicular (at
				a 90 degree angle) to the central axis of the X-ray beam.
(iii) Have a means to indicate on the X-ray
				equipment when the axis of the X-ray beam is perpendicular to the plane of the
				image receptor and to align the center of the X-ray beam to the center of the
				image receptor to within two percent of the SID (five percent for equipment
				manufactured before August 1974). Dental lateral jaw examinations are excluded
				from this requirement.
(iv) Have a
				beam-limiting device that indicates the X-ray beam size in centimeters or
				inches at the plane of the image receptor to which the beam-limiting device is
				adjusted.
(v) Have an actual beam
				size at the plane of the image receptor that matches the indicated size to
				within two percent of the SID.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225A - Radiation safety and diagnostic image quality standards for dental facilities › Section 246-225A-080 - Special requirements for dental intra-oral radiography

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1) Registrants
				using an X-ray system designed for use with an intra-oral image receptor shall
				use equipment that:
(a) Limits the SSD to not
				less than 18 centimeters;
(b)
				Limits the X-ray beam so that the beam diameter at the minimum SSD is no
				greater than 7 centimeters in diameter;
(c) Has an open-ended position-indicating
				device; and
(d) Has shielding
				included in the beam-limiting device or position-indicating device equivalent
				to that required for the diagnostic source assembly under WAC
				246-225A-060(1).
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225A - Radiation safety and diagnostic image quality standards for dental facilities › Section 246-225A-085 - Hand-held X-ray system

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
The following requirements apply to hand-held X-ray
				  systems:
(1) Registrants using
				hand-held X-ray systems must provide for security and safe storage while not in
				use.
(2) The image receptor used
				with hand-held dental X-ray systems must either be:
(a) A speed class of intra-oral film
				designated as "F," "E/F" or faster; or
(b) A digitally acquired image (CR or
				DR).
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225A - Radiation safety and diagnostic image quality standards for dental facilities › Section 246-225A-090 - X-ray image processing requirements

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
Standards in this section are designed to assure that optimal
				  X-ray image quality and diagnostic information are produced so that fewer
				  retakes are needed, and associated patient and operator exposure is
				  minimized.
(1) When performing manual
				film processing (also known as hand tank processing) registrants or an operator
				working under the registrant's direction shall:
(a) Use appropriate chemicals for manual film
				processing as indicated in chemical and film manufacturer's labels and
				recommendations.
(b) Mix chemicals
				in accordance with the chemical manufacturer's recommendations.
(c) Periodically add film developer/fixer
				replenisher based on the recommendations of the chemical or film manufacturer.
				Solution may be removed from the tank to permit the addition of an adequate
				volume of replenisher.
(d)
				Completely replace all manual processing chemicals at least every two months,
				or follow the manufacturer's recommendations for periodic chemistry
				replenishment and maintenance, whichever is shorter.
(e) Except when quick developer chemistry is
				used, post and keep for department inspection, the most recent twelve months of
				a log that shows when each chemistry change was done and by whom.
(f) Process film to achieve the best image
				quality by either:
(i) Following the film
				manufacturer's published temperature and time recommendations for X-ray film
				development; or
(ii) Developing
				film according to the temperature-time chart in (g) of this
				subsection.
(g) For
				standard developer solution, follow the X-ray film developing time specified
				for the appropriate developer solution temperature in Table 1 of this section:
Table 1
THERMOMETER READINGS (DEGREES)
MINIMUM DEVELOPING TIMES (MINUTES)
C
F
27
80
2
79
2
78
2 1/2
77
2 1/2
24
76
3
75
3
74
3 1/2
73
3 1/2
22
72
4
71
4
70
4 1/2
69
4 1/2
20
68
5
67
5 1/2
66
5 1/2
65
6
18
64
6 1/2
63
7
62
8
61
8 1/2
16
60
9 1/2
(h)
				Use X-ray film developing devices that give:
(i) The actual temperature of the developer
				solution;
(ii) The developing time
				in minutes and seconds; and
(iii)
				An audible or visible signal when developing is complete.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-225A - Radiation safety and diagnostic image quality standards for dental facilities › Section 246-225A-110 - Film processing quality assurance

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
Registrants found in violation of WAC
				  246-225A-090(1)(f) or
				  (2)    shall comply with the following quality
				  assurance requirements for a minimum of three months:
(1) Conduct an acceptable quality assurance
				program that includes weekly tests of film processing to include:
(a) Density of test films; and
(b) Action taken when test film density falls
				below 15 percent of initial reference levels.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-226 - Radiation protection - Computed tomography › Section 246-226-001 - Authority, purpose, and scope

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
The requirements of this chapter are adopted pursuant to the
				  provisions of chapter 70A.388 RCW.
This chapter establishes CT X-ray system requirements for the
				  intentional exposure of humans to ionizing radiation for diagnostic
				  imaging.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-226 - Radiation protection - Computed tomography › Section 246-226-006 - Exemptions

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1) Registrants
				exclusively using low power CT X-ray systems (5 kW or less) or cone-beam CT
				X-ray systems are exempt from the requirements of this chapter and shall comply
				with chapter 246-225 WAC. Cone-beam CT X-ray system is a variation of
				gantry-style CT X-ray system that rotates around the patient, capturing data
				using a cone-shaped X-ray beam. This data is used to reconstruct a
				three-dimensional image.
(2)
				Registrants using CT simulators exclusively for treatment planning purposes in
				conjunction with a megavoltage radiation therapy or brachytherapy is exempt
				from the requirements of this chapter, except that the registrant shall comply
				with WAC 246-226-090,
				246-240-113, and chapter 246-225
				WAC.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-226 - Radiation protection - Computed tomography › Section 246-226-007 - Relationship to other regulations

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
In addition to the requirements established in this chapter,
				  registrants shall also comply with applicable requirements of the
				  following:
(1) Chapter 246-220
				WAC;
(2) Chapter 246-221
				WAC;
(3) Chapter 246-222
				WAC;
(4) Chapter 246-224
				WAC;
(5) Chapter 246-225 WAC;
				and
(6) Chapter 246-254
				WAC.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-226 - Radiation protection - Computed tomography › Section 246-226-020 - Equipment requirements

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
The CT X-ray system must:
(1) Meet the requirements of  21 C.F.R. Sec. 1020.33  (last amended June 10, 2005) at the time of installation and while the
				CT X-ray system is registered with the department under chapter 246-224 WAC;
				and
(2) Be equipped:
(a) With a visible signal that indicates when
				the X-ray exposure is occurring;
(b) So that the operator can immediately
				terminate an X-ray exposure of greater than one-half second duration at any
				time during the X-ray exposure;
(c)
				So that the parameters used during a CT procedure are:
(i) Displayed prior to beginning a scan; and
(ii) Visible by the operator from
				any location scanning can be initiated.
(d) So that radiation leakage from the tube
				port does not exceed limits established in WAC
				246-225-040(3) and
				(4)    when data are not being collected for
				image production;
(e) So that the
				accuracy of the laser or optical positioning system is within five millimeters
				maximum deviation on the axial position (z-axis);
(f) With an X-ray production indicator of at
				least one-half second at or near the gantry that is visible from any point
				outside the gantry opening;
(g) So
				that premature termination of the X-ray exposure by the operator requires
				resetting of the parameters prior to initiating another scan.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-226 - Radiation protection - Computed tomography › Section 246-226-030 - Design requirements

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
				The location of a CT X-ray system must be designed and constructed:
(a) To provide for two-way verbal
				communication between the patient and the operator at the control
				panel;
(b) To allow the operator to
				continuously observe the patient from the control panel during irradiation
				using windows, mirrors, closed-circuit television, or an equivalent method;
				and
(c) With an alternate viewing
				system when the primary viewing system is electronic.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-226 - Radiation protection - Computed tomography › Section 246-226-040 - Operating procedures

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
				The registrant shall:
(a) Establish a
				procedure to record and retrieve CTDIvol, DLP and, when
				available on the CT X-ray system, SSDE data from every CT procedure performed;
				and
(b) If available, send each
				protocol page that lists the technique factors electronically to the
				PACS.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-226 - Radiation protection - Computed tomography › Section 246-226-050 - Dose limits

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
The CTDIvol for the following CT
				  procedure on phantoms may not exceed the dose limits established in Table
				  1.
Table 1: Dose limits
CT Procedure
Phantom Size
Dose Limit:
						  CTDIvol (mGy)
Adult head
16 cm
80
Adult abdomen
32 cm
30
Pediatric head (one year old)
16 cm
40
Pediatric abdomen (40 pounds)
16 cm
20
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-226 - Radiation protection - Computed tomography › Section 246-226-060 - CT events

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1) The purpose
				of this section is to improve patient safety by supporting health care
				providers and facilities in their efforts to reduce the incidence of medical
				errors that contribute to deterministic injurious health effects. This rule
				does not relieve the department of its statutory obligation to enforce this and
				other radiation protection laws.
(2) The registrant shall initiate an
				investigation within twenty-four hours and complete the investigation within
				ten business days when:
(a) The cumulative
				CTDIvol over the course of an individual study at a
				particular anatomical location exceeds 600 mGy for a pediatric CT procedure or
				1500 mGy for an adult CT procedure; or
(b) Any ionizing radiation exposure from a CT
				procedure results in unanticipated hair loss, erythema, or functional damage to
				an organ or physiological system.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-226 - Radiation protection - Computed tomography › Section 246-226-065 - Medical physicist

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
A medical physicist must meet the requirements of either
				  subsection (1), (2), or (3) of this section, and meet the continuing education
				  and experience requirements of subsections (4) and (5) of this section to
				  perform the duties of a medical physicist. To qualify as a medical physicist,
				  an individual must:
(1) Hold a valid
				certificate in:
(a) Diagnostic radiological
				physics or radiological physics from the American Board of Radiology;
(b) Diagnostic imaging physics from the
				American Board of Medical Physics; or
(c) Diagnostic radiology physics from the
				Canadian College of Physicists in Medicine.
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-226 - Radiation protection - Computed tomography › Section 246-226-070 - Staffing requirements

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
				Each registrant with a CT X-ray system shall employ or contract with a licensed
				health care professional to perform CT procedures. Nothing in this chapter
				prohibits the registrant from requiring the employed or contracted radiologic
				technologist to hold a recognized national certification or other accreditation
				relevant to CT, such as an American Registry of Radio-logic Technologists
				(ARRT) CT certification, prior to performing CT procedures.
(2) The registrant shall provide training to
				operators performing CT procedures within six months of employment and annually
				thereafter. Training must be documented for all radiologic technologists in a
				single training log. The training must be equivalent to the International
				Atomic Energy Agency,
10 Pearls: Radiation Protection of Patients in
				CT
. This document is located on the department's web site at
http://www.doh.wa.gov/CommunityandEnvironment/Radiation/XRay
.
(3) Each registrant with a CT X-ray system
				shall employ or contract with a medical physicist and verify the medical
				physicist meets the requirements of WAC 246-226-065 to perform the activities
				of the medical physicist specified in this chapter.
(4) The registrant shall appoint a lead
				interpreting CT physician and a lead CT technologist to work cooperatively to:
(a) Develop, implement, and enforce policies,
				procedures, and registrant requirements that address:
(i) Radiation protection, the hazards of
				radiation exposure to both patients and facility personnel, and appropriate
				monitoring;
(ii) Identification of
				pregnant or potentially pregnant patients; and
(iii) Safety issues, including contrast use
				and sedation, and reducing exposure as much as reasonably possible for
				pediatric patients;
Washington Administrative Code › Title 246 - Health, Department of › RADIATION › Chapter 246-226 - Radiation protection - Computed tomography › Section 246-226-080 - Quality control program

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
(1)
				The registrant shall establish, document, and implement a quality control
				program in consultation with the medical physicist before using a CT X-ray
				system. The quality control program must be consistent with the manufacturer's
				recommended quality control standards if available. The quality control program
				must include, but is not limited to, the following:
(a) On each day of clinical use, measurement
				of water CTN and standard deviation;
(b) On each day of clinical use, artifact
				evaluation;
(c) For registrants
				using wet laser hardcopy for primary interpretation, weekly printer quality
				control;
(d) Monthly visual
				checklist;
(e) For registrants
				using dry laser hardcopy for primary interpretation, monthly printer quality
				control; and
(f) Monthly display
				monitors quality control.