Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-305 - Safety standards for firefighters › Section 296-305-01005 - Definitions

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
Unless the context indicates otherwise, words used in this
				chapter will have the meaning given in this section.
Accident.
An unexpected event that interrupts or
				interferes with the orderly progress of the fire department operations and may
				or may not include personal injury or property damage.
Accountability (tracking) system.
A system of
				firefighter accountability that provides for the tracking and inventory of all
				members.
ACGIH.
American Conference of Governmental
				Industrial Hygienists.
ACM.
Asbestos-containing material; any material
				containing more than 1 percent asbestos.
Aerial devices.
Fire apparatus-mounted aerial
				ladders, elevated platforms, and water towers.
ANSI.
American National Standards
				Institute.
Apparatus.
A mobile piece of fire equipment such
				as a pumper, aerial, tender, automobile, etc.
Approved.
(a) A method, equipment, procedure, practice, tool, etc., which
				is sanctioned, consented to, confirmed or accepted as good or satisfactory for
				a particular purpose or use by a person, or organization authorized to make
				such a judgment.
(b) Approved by the director of the department of labor and
				industries or his/her authorized representative: Provided, however, That should
				a provision of this chapter state that approval by an agency or organization
				other than the department of labor and industries is required, such as
				Underwriters' Laboratories or the Bureau of Mines, the provisions of chapter
				296-800 WAC must apply.
Asbestos.
Includes chrysotile, amosite,
				crocidolite, tremolite, anthophyllite asbestos, actinolite asbestos, and any of
				these minerals that have been chemically treated or altered.
Belt.
See ladder belt and escape belt.
Bloodborne pathogens.
Pathogenic microorganisms
				that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These
				pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human
				immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Blowup (wildfire).
Sudden increase in fire
				intensity or rate of spread sufficient to preclude direct control or to upset
				existing control plans. Often accompanied by violent convection and may have
				other characteristics of a fire storm.
CBRN.
Chemical, biological, radiological, and
				nuclear.
Chief.
The employer representative highest in rank
				who is responsible for the fire department's operation.
Cold zone.
The control zone of an incident that
				contains the command post and such other support functions as are deemed
				necessary to control the incident.
Combat scene.
The site where the suppression of a
				fire or emergency exists.
Confined space.
A space that is all of the
				following:
(a) Large enough and arranged so an employee can bodily enter
				and perform assigned work; and
(b) Limited or restricted means for entry or exit (for example,
				tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, and pits are spaces that
				may have limited means of entry.); and
(c) Not designed for continuous employee occupancy.
Containment.
The actions taken to keep a material
				in its container (e.g., stop the release of the material or reduce the amount
				being released.)
Contaminated.
The presence or the reasonably
				anticipated presence of nuisance materials foreign to the normal atmospheres,
				blood, hazardous waste, or other potentially infectious materials on an item or
				surface.
Contaminated laundry.
Laundry which has been
				soiled with blood or other potentially infectious materials or may contain
				contaminated sharps.
Contamination.
The process of transferring a
				hazardous material from its source to people, animals, the environment, or
				equipment, which may act as a carrier.
dBA.
A measure of noise level expressed as
				decibels measured on the "A" scale.
Decontamination.
(a) The physical or chemical process of reducing and preventing
				the spread of contamination from persons or equipment used at a hazardous
				materials incident.
(b) The use of physical or chemical means to remove,
				inactivate, or destroy bloodborne pathogens on a surface or item to the point
				where they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious particles and the
				surface or item is rendered safe for handling, use, or disposal.
Direct attack.
Any treatment applied directly to
				burning fuel such as wetting, smothering, or chemically quenching the fire or
				by physically separating the burning from unburned fuel.
Director.
The director of the department of labor
				and industries, or his/her designated representative.
Disinfection.
A procedure which inactivates
				virtually all recognized pathogenic microorganisms, but not necessarily all
				microbial forms (example: Bacterial endospores) on inanimate objects.
Disturb/disturbance.
Refers to activities that
				disrupt the matrix of, crumble or pulverize, or generate visible debris from
				ACM or PACM.
Dive rescue (public safety diving).
The act of
				searching for or rescuing a viable or presumably viable person(s), while
				working in water using underwater apparatus which supplies compressed breathing
				gas at the ambient pressure.
Double-layer woven clothing.
Clothing worn in two
				layers allowing air to reach the skin. For example, coveralls worn on top of
				regular work clothes.
Drill tower.
A structure which may or may not be
				attached to the station and which is principally used for training firefighters
				in fire service techniques.
Drinking water.
Potable water that is suitable to
				drink. Drinking water packaged as a consumer product and
				electrolyte-replenishing beverages (i.e., sports drinks) that do not contain
				caffeine are acceptable.
Driver/operator.
A person having satisfactorily
				completed the fire department's "requirements of driver/operator" of a specific
				piece of fire apparatus.
Emergency.
A sudden and unexpected event calling
				for immediate action.
Emergency incident.
A specific emergency
				operation.
Emergency medical care.
The provision of treatment
				to, and/or transportation of, patients which may include first aid,
				cardiopulmonary resuscitation, basic life support, advanced life support, and
				other medical procedures that occur prior to arrival at a hospital or other
				health care facility.
Emergency operations.
Activities of the fire
				department relating to rescue, fire suppression, emergency medical care, and
				special operations, including response to the scene of an incident and all
				functions performed at the scene.
Employee.
An employee of an employer who is
				employed in the business of his/her employer whether by way of manual labor or
				otherwise and every person in this state who is engaged in the employment of or
				who is working under an independent contract the essence of which is their
				personal labor for an employer under this chapter whether by way of manual
				labor or otherwise. Also see "Member."
Employer.
Any person, firm, corporation,
				partnership, business trust, legal representative, or other business entity
				which engages in any business, industry, profession, or activity in this state
				and employs one or more employees or who contracts with one or more persons,
				the essence of which is the personal labor of such person or persons and
				includes the state, counties, cities, and all municipal corporations, public
				corporations, political subdivisions of the state, and charitable
				organizations.
Employer representative.
A fire department officer
				authorized by the chief or director of the fire department to act in his/her
				behalf.
Engine (pumper).
A piece of apparatus equipped
				with hose and a pump for the purpose of supplying water under pressure through
				hose lines.
Escape belt.
A device that fastens around the
				waist only and is intended to be used by the wearer only as an emergency
				self-rescue device.
Escape rope.
A single-purpose emergency
				self-escape (self-rescue) rope, not classified as a life safety rope.
Exclusion zone.
The control zone designated to
				exclude all unauthorized personnel, responders, and equipment.
Note:
Examples of exclusion zones could be holes in floors,
						  explosive devices, or collapse hazards.
Extended attack.
Suppression activity for a
				wildfire that has not been contained or controlled by initial attack or
				contingency forces and for which more firefighting resources are arriving, en
				route, or being ordered by the initial attack incident commander.
Extended attack incident.
A wildland fire that has
				not been contained or controlled by initial attack forces and for which more
				firefighting resources are arriving, en route, or being ordered by the initial
				attack incident commander. Extended attack implies that the complexity level of
				the incident will increase beyond the capabilities of initial attack incident
				command.
Fire apparatus.
A fire department emergency
				vehicle used for rescue, fire suppression, or other specialized
				functions.
Fire boat.
A fire department watercraft having a
				permanent, affixed firefighting capability.
Fire department.
An organization or consortium of
				organizations providing any or all of the following: Rescue, fire suppression,
				and other related activities. For the purposes of this standard the term "Fire
				Department" includes any public, private, or military organization engaging in
				this type of activity.
Fire department facility.
Any building or area
				owned, operated, occupied, or used by a fire department on a routine basis.
				This does not include locations where a fire department may be summoned to
				perform emergency operations or other duties, unless such premises are normally
				under the control of the fire department.
Firefighter.
A member of a fire department whose
				duties require the performance of essential firefighting functions or
				substantially similar functions.
Fire retardant.
Any material used to reduce, stop
				or prevent the flame spread.
Fire suppression training.
Training received by
				firefighters on the drill ground, drill tower, or industrial site to maintain
				the firefighter's proficiency.
Fly.
Extendible sections of ground or aerial
				ladders.
Full body harness.
See life safety harness.
Gross decontamination.
The initial phase of the
				decontamination process during which the amount of surface contaminant is
				significantly reduced.
Ground jack.
Heavy jacks attached to frame of
				chassis of aerial-equipped apparatus to provide stability when the aerial
				portion of the apparatus is used.
Guideline.
An organizational directive that
				establishes a standard course of action.
Halyard.
Rope used on extension ladders for the
				purpose of raising or lowering fly section(s). A wire cable may be referred to
				as a halyard when used on the uppermost fly section(s) of three or four section
				extension ladders.
Harness.
See life safety harness.
Hazard communication program.
A procedure to
				address comprehensively the issue of evaluating the potential hazards of
				chemicals and communicating information concerning hazards and appropriate
				protective measures to employees. See chapter 296-901 WAC.
Hazard control zones.
Cold zone: The control zone of an incident that contains the
				command post and such other support functions as are deemed necessary to
				control the incident.
Note:
The cold zone established the public exclusion or clean
						  zone.
There are minimal risks of human injury or exposure in this
				zone.
Exclusion zone: The control zone designated to exclude all
				unauthorized personnel, responders, and equipment.
Note:
Examples of exclusion zones could be holes in floors,
						  explosive devices, or collapse hazards.
Hot zone: The control zone immediately surrounding the hazard
				area, which extends far enough to prevent adverse effects to personnel outside
				the zone. The hot zone is presenting the greatest risk to members and will
				often be classified as an IDLH atmosphere.
Warm zone: The control zone outside the hot zone where
				personnel and equipment decontamination and the hot zone support takes
				place
Note:
The warm zone is a limited access area for members
						  directly aiding or in support of operations in the hot zone. Significant risk
						  of human injury (respiratory, exposures, etc.) can still exist in the warm
						  zone.
Hazard Zones:
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Hazards.
The characteristics of facilities,
				equipment, systems property, hardware or other objects and those areas of
				structures or buildings posing a hazard greater than normal to the general
				occupancy or structures.
Hazardous area.
The immediate area where members
				might be exposed to a hazard.
Hazardous atmosphere.
An atmosphere that may
				expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to
				self-rescue (escape unaided from a permit-required confined space), injury or
				acute illness caused by one or more of the following:
(a) Flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of 10% of its lower
				flammable limit (LFL);
(b) Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or
				exceeds its LFL;
(c) Atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5% or above
				23.5%;
(d) Atmospheric concentration of any substance which may exceed
				a permissible exposure limit. For additional information about atmospheric
				concentration, see chapter 296-62 WAC, Parts F, G, and I, General occupational
				health standards and chapter 296-841 WAC, Airborne contaminants.
Hazardous condition.
The physical condition or act
				which is causally related to accident occurrence. The hazardous condition is
				related directly to both the accident type and the agency of the
				accident.
Hazardous material.
A substance (solid, liquid, or
				gas) that when released is capable of creating harm to people, the environment,
				and property.
Hazardous substances.
Substances that present an
				unusual risk to persons due to properties of toxicity, chemical activity,
				corrosivity, etiological hazards of similar properties.
Health and safety officer.
The member of the fire
				department assigned and authorized as the administrator of the fire department
				health and safety program.
Heat-related illness.
A medical condition
				resulting from the body's inability to cope with a particular heat load, and
				includes, but is not limited to, heat cramps, heat rash, heat exhaustion,
				fainting, and heat stroke.
Hose bed.
Portion of fire apparatus where hose is
				stored.
Hose tower.
A vertical enclosure where hose is
				hung to dry.
Hot zone.
The control zone immediately surrounding
				the hazard area, which extends far enough to prevent adverse effects to
				personnel outside the zone. The hot zone is the area presenting the greatest
				risk to members and will often be classified as an IDLH atmosphere.
Ice rescue.
The rescue of a person(s) who is
				afloat within an opening in the frozen surface or on the frozen surface of a
				body of water.
Identify.
To select or indicate verbally or in
				writing using recognized standard terms. To establish the identity of; the fact
				of being the same as the one described.
IDLH.
Immediately dangerous to life and
				health.
Imminent hazard (danger).
An act or condition that
				is judged to present a danger to persons or property and is so immediate and
				severe that it requires immediate corrective or preventative action.
Incident command system (ICS).
A system that
				includes: Roles, responsibilities, operating requirements, guidelines and
				procedures for organizing and operating an on-scene management
				structure.
Incident commander.
The person in overall command
				of an emergency incident. This person is responsible for the direction and
				coordination of the response effort.
Incident safety officer.
The person assigned the
				command staff function of safety officer in the incident command system.
Incipient (phase) fire.
The beginning of a fire;
				where the oxygen content in the air has not been significantly reduced and the
				fire is producing minute amounts of water vapor, carbon dioxide, carbon
				monoxide and other gases; the room has a normal temperature and can be
				controlled or extinguished with a portable fire extinguisher or small hose,
				e.g., a kitchen stove fire.
Indirect attack.
A method of suppression in which
				the control line is located some considerable distance away from the fire's
				active edge. Generally done in the case of a fast-spreading or high-intensity
				fire and to utilize natural or constructed firebreaks or fuelbreaks and
				favorable breaks in the topography. The intervening fuel is usually backfired;
				but occasionally the main fire is allowed to burn to the line, depending on
				conditions.
Industrial fire brigade.
An organized group of
				employees whose primary employment is other than fire-fighting who are
				knowledgeable, trained and skilled in specialized operations based on
				site-specific hazards present at a single commercial facility or facilities
				under the same management.
Initial action.
The actions taken by the first
				resources to arrive at a wildfire or wildland fire use incident. Initial
				actions may be size up, patrolling, monitoring, holding action or aggressive
				initial attack.
Initial attack.
A planned response to a wildfire
				given the wildfire's potential fire behavior. The objective of initial attack
				is to stop the fire and put it out in a manner consistent with firefighter and
				public safety and values to be protected.
Initial fire suppression training.
The training of
				firefighters in recognizing sources and locations of potential fires and the
				method of fire suppression to be used.
Initial stages.
Tasks undertaken by the first
				arriving company with only one crew assigned or operating in the hot
				zone.
Injury.
Physical damage suffered by a person that
				requires treatment by a practitioner of medicine (a physician, nurse, paramedic
				or EMT) within one year of the incident regardless of whether treatment was
				actually received.
Interior structural firefighting.
The physical
				activity of fire suppression, rescue or both, inside of buildings or enclosed
				structures which are involved in a fire situation beyond the incipient stage.
				See structural firefighting.
Known rescue.
A situation of compelling evidence
				where a member sees, hears, or is directly told of a trapped and viable victim
				by an occupant who has escaped or is a credible witness.
Ladder belt.
A device that fastens around the
				waist only and is used as a positioning device for a person on a ladder.
Life safety or rescue rope.
Rope dedicated solely
				for the purpose of constructing lines for supporting people during rescue,
				firefighting, or other emergency operations, or during training
				evolutions.
Life safety harness.
A configuration of connected
				straps to distribute a fall arresting force over at least the thighs, shoulders
				and pelvis, with provisions for attaching a lanyard, lifeline, or deceleration
				devices.
Live fire.
Any unconfined open flame or device
				that can propagate fire to the building, structure, or other combustible
				materials.
Live fire training.
Any fire set within a
				structure, tank, pipe, pan, etc., under controlled conditions to facilitate the
				training of firefighters under actual fire conditions.
Locking in.
The act of securing oneself to a
				ladder by hooking a leg over a rung and placing top of foot against the other
				leg or against the ladder.
May.
A permissive use or an alternative method to
				a specified requirement.
Mayday.
The nationally adopted "call for help"
				term used to indicate that an emergency responder is in a situation of imminent
				peril where they are in need of immediate help.
Member.
A person involved in performing the duties
				and responsibilities of a fire department under the auspices of the
				organization. A fire department member may be a full-time or part-time employee
				or a paid or unpaid volunteer, may occupy any position or rank within the fire
				department, and engages in emergency operations. Also see Employee.
Mobile attack.
The act of fighting wildland fires
				from a moving engine.
Must.
Mandatory.
NFPA.
National Fire Protection Association.
NIMS.
The National Incident Management
				System.
NIOSH.
National Institute of Occupational Safety
				and Health.
Nonskid.
The surface treatment that lessens the
				tendency of a foreign substance to reduce the coefficient of friction between
				opposing surfaces.
Occupational exposure.
Means reasonably
				anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane or parenteral contact with blood or
				other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of
				an employee's duties.
Officer.
(a) Person in charge of a particular task or assignment.
(b) A supervisor.
OSHA.
Occupational Safety and Health
				Administration.
Other potentially infectious materials
				(OPIM).
(a) The following body fluids: Semen, vaginal secretions,
				cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid,
				peritoneal fluid, amniotic fluid, saliva in dental procedures, any body fluid
				that is visibly contaminated with blood, and all body fluids in situations
				where it is difficult or impossible to differentiate between body
				fluids;
(b) Any unfixed tissue or organ (other than intact skin) from a
				human (living or dead); and
(c) HIV-containing cell or tissue cultures, organ cultures, and
				HIV- or HBV-containing culture medium or other solutions; and blood, organs, or
				other tissues from experimental animals infected with HIV or HBV.
Outrigger.
Manually or hydraulically operated
				metal enclosures and jacks which are extended and placed in contact with the
				ground to give the apparatus a wide, solid base to support different
				loads.
Overhaul.
A firefighting term involving the
				process of final extinguishment after the main body of a fire has been knocked
				down. All traces of fire must be extinguished at this time.
PACM.
Presumed asbestos-containing material.
				Thermal system insulation and surfacing material found in buildings, vessels
				and vessel sections constructed no later than 1980.
PASS.
Personal alert safety system.
PEL.
Permissible exposure limit.
Personal protective equipment (PPE).
(a) The equipment provided to shield or isolate a person from
				the chemical, physical, and thermal hazards that may be encountered at a
				hazardous materials incident. Personal protective equipment includes both
				personal protective clothing and respiratory protection. Adequate personal
				protective equipment should protect the respiratory system, skin, eyes, face,
				hands, feet, head, body, and hearing.
(b) Specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for
				protection against a hazard. General work clothes (e.g., uniforms, pants,
				shirts, or blouses) not intended to function as protection against a hazard are
				not considered to be personal protective equipment.
Platform.
The portion of a telescoping or
				articulating boom used as a working surface.
Positive communication.
Visual, audible, physical,
				safety guide rope, or electronic means which allows for two way message
				generation and reception.
PPE.
Personal protective equipment.
Probable fatality.
(a) An occupational injury or illness, which, by the doctor's
				prognosis, could lead to death.
(b) An occupational injury or illness, which by its very
				nature, is considered life threatening.
Protective clothing.
Equipment designed to protect
				the wearer from heat and/or hazardous materials contacting the skin or eyes.
				Protective clothing is divided into five types:
(a) Structural firefighting protective clothing;
(b) Liquid splash-protective clothing;
(c) Vapor-protective clothing;
(d) High temperature-protective proximity clothing; and
(e) Wildland firefighting clothing.
Note:
See Protective ensemble.
Protective ensemble.
Multiple elements of clothing
				and equipment designed to provide a degree of protection for firefighters from
				adverse exposures to the inherent risks of structural firefighting operations
				and certain other emergency operations. The elements of the protective ensemble
				are helmets, coats, trousers, gloves, footwear, interface components (hoods),
				and if applicable, personal alert system (PASS) devices, and self-contained
				breathing apparatus.
Proximity protective clothing.
Radiant reflective
				protective garments configured as a coat and trousers, or as a coverall, and
				interface components that are designed to provide protection for the
				firefighter's body from conductive, convective, and radiant heat.
Pumper.
See engine.
Qualified.
One who by possession of a recognized
				degree, certificate or professional standing, or who by knowledge, training or
				experience has successfully demonstrated his/her ability to solve or resolve
				problems related to the subject matter, the work or the project.
Rapid intervention crew (RIC).
On-scene team of at
				least two members designated, dedicated and equipped to effect an immediate
				rescue of firefighters if the need arises (also known as RIT).
RCW.
Revised Code of Washington.
Rehabilitation.
The process of providing mental
				and medical evaluation, rest, hydration, and nourishment to members who are
				engaged in emergency operations.
Rescue.
Those activities directed at locating
				endangered persons at an emergency incident and removing those persons from
				danger.
Rescue craft.
Any fire department watercraft used
				for rescue operations.
Respirator.
A device designed to protect the
				wearer from breathing harmful atmospheres. See respiratory protection.
Respiratory equipment.
Self-contained breathing
				apparatus designed to provide the wearer with a supply of respirable atmosphere
				carried in or generated by the breathing apparatus. When in use, this breathing
				apparatus requires no intake of air or oxygen from the outside
				atmosphere.
(a) Respirators (closed circuit): Those types of respirators
				which retain exhaled air in the system and recondition such air for breathing
				again.
(b) Respirators (open circuit): Those types of respirators
				which exhaust exhaled air to the outside of the mask into the ambient
				air.
(c) Respirators (demand): Those types of respirators whose
				input air to the mask is started when a negative pressure is generated by
				inhalation.
(d) Respirators (pressure demand): Those types of respirators
				which constantly and automatically maintain a positive pressure in the mask by
				the introduction of air when the positive pressure is lowered (usually from
				.018 psi to .064 psi) through the process of inhalation or leakage from the
				mask.
Respiratory protection.
Equipment designed to
				protect the wearer from the inhalation of contaminants. Respiratory protection
				is divided into three types:
(a) Positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus
				(SCBA);
(b) Positive pressure airline respirators;
(c) Negative pressure air purifying respirators.
Responding.
The usual reference to the act of
				responding or traveling to an alarm or request for assistance.
Risk assessment.
To set or determine the
				possibility of suffering harm or loss, and to what extent.
Rope rescue equipment.
Components used to build
				rope rescue systems including life safety rope, life safety harnesses and
				auxiliary equipment.
Rope rescue system.
A system composed of rope
				rescue equipment and an appropriate anchor system intended to support people
				during rescue, firefighting, or other emergency operations, or during training
				evolutions.
Safe and healthful working environment.
The work
				surroundings of an employee with minimum exposure to unsafe acts and/or unsafe
				conditions.
Safety net.
A rope or nylon strap net not to
				exceed 6-inch mesh, stretched and suspended above ground level at the base of
				drill tower, and at such a height that a falling body would be arrested prior
				to striking the ground.
Scabbard.
A guard which will prevent accidental
				injury and covers the blade and pick of an axe or other sharp instrument when
				worn by the firefighter.
SCBA.
Self contained breathing apparatus.
Service testing.
The regular, periodic inspection
				and testing of apparatus and equipment according to an established schedule and
				procedure, to insure that it is in safe and functional operating
				condition.
Should.
Recommended.
Standard operating procedure or guidelines.
An
				organizational directive that establishes a standard course of action.
Standby firefighters.
On-scene members designated
				to effect an immediate rescue of the initial team operating in the hot
				zone.
Station (fire station).
Structure in which fire
				service apparatus and/or personnel are housed.
Structural firefighting.
The activities of
				rescuing, fire suppression, and property conservation involving buildings,
				enclosed structures, aircraft, vehicles, vessels, or similar properties that
				are involved in a fire or emergency situation. See interior structural
				firefighting.
Structural firefighting protective clothing.
This
				category of clothing, often called turnout or bunker gear, means the protective
				clothing normally worn by firefighters during structural firefighting
				operations. It includes a helmet, coat, pants, boots, gloves, and a hood.
				Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection from
				heat but may not provide adequate protection from the harmful gases, vapors,
				liquids, or dusts that are encountered during hazardous materials
				incidents.
Surf rescue.
The rescue of a person(s) who is
				afloat on the surface or the subsurface retrieval of a person(s) submerged in
				ocean water or bodies of water that are connected to oceans that either
				experience a twice daily rise and fall of their surface caused by gravitational
				pull of the moon or experience a corresponding ebb and flow of water in
				response to tides with a surf height of 1 foot or greater.
Surface water rescue.
The rescue of a person(s)
				who is afloat on the surface of a body of water. A trained rescuer (surface
				based swimmer) may dive for submerged victims, limited to the rescuer's
				ability, with no sustained underwater capability other than a mask, fins, and
				snorkel in relatively shallow depths and retrieve or mark a victim.
Swift water rescue.
The removal of person(s) from
				threat or harm from water that is moving faster than walking pace (1 Knot, 1.85
				km/hr, 1.15 mph).
Tail/running board.
Standing space on the side or
				rear of an engine or pumper apparatus.
Team.
Two or more individuals who are working
				together in positive communication with each other through visual, audible,
				physical, safety guide rope, electronic, or other means to coordinate their
				activities and who are in close proximity to each other to provide assistance
				in case of emergency.
Tillerman.
Rear driver of tractor-trailer aerial
				ladder.
Trench.
A narrow excavation made below the surface
				of the ground. The depth is generally greater than the width, but the width of
				a trench is not greater than 15 feet.
Turnout clothing.
See structural firefighting
				protective clothing.
Turntable.
The rotating surface located at the
				base of an aerial ladder, or boom, on aerial apparatus.
Uncontrolled fire.
Any fire which threatens to
				destroy life, property, or natural resources; and (a) is not burning within the
				confines of firebreaks; or (b) is burning with such intensity that it could not
				be readily extinguished with ordinary tools commonly available.
Urban wildfire.
An uncontained fire requiring
				suppression action, usually spreading through ground cover, vegetative fuels,
				brush, grass, and landscaping; often threatening residential and commercial
				structures within an urban environment with access to established roadways and
				water systems.
Vapor barrier.
Material used to prevent or
				substantially inhibit the transfer of water, corrosive liquids and steam or
				other hot vapors from the outside of a garment to the wearer's body.
Vapor barrier clothing.
Clothing that
				significantly inhibits or completely prevents sweat produced by the body from
				evaporating into the outside air. Such clothing includes encapsulating suits,
				various forms of chemical resistant suits used for PPE, and other forms of
				nonbreathing clothing.
Variance.
An allowed or authorized deviation from
				specific standard(s) when an employer substitutes measures which afford an
				equal degree of safety. Variances are issued as temporary or permanent with
				interim measures issued, when requested, until a determination or decision is
				made.
Vessel.
Means every description of watercraft or
				other artificial contrivance used or capable of being used as a means of
				transportation on water, including special-purpose floating structures not
				primarily designed for or used as a means of transportation on water.
WAC.
Washington Administrative Code.
Warm zone.
The control zone outside the hot zone
				where personnel and equipment decontamination and hot zone support take
				place.
Note:
The warm zone is a limited access area for
				members directly aiding or in support of operations in the hot zone.
				Significant risk of human injury (respiratory, exposures, etc.) can still exist
				in the warm zone.
Water rescue.
Any incident that involves the
				removal of victim(s) from any body of water other than a swimming pool. This
				includes rivers, creeks, lakes, washes, storm drains, or any body of water,
				whether still or moving.
Wheel blocks (chocks).
A block or wedge placed
				under a wheel to prevent motion.
Wildland.
An area in which development is
				essentially nonexistent, except for roads, railroads, powerlines, and similar
				transportation facilities. Structures, if any, are widely scattered.
Wildland fire.
Any nonstructure fire that occurs
				in the wildland.
Wildland firefighting.
The activities of fire
				suppression and property conservation in woodlands, forests, grasslands, brush,
				and other such vegetation or any combination of vegetation, that is involved in
				a fire situation but is not within buildings or structures.
Wildland firefighting enclosure.
A fire apparatus
				enclosure with a minimum of three sides and a bottom.
Wildland urban interface.
The line, area, or zone
				where structures and other human development meet or intermingle with
				undeveloped wildland or vegetative fuels.
WISHA.
Washington Industrial Safety Health
				Act.
Work environment.
The surrounding conditions,
				influences or forces to which an employee is exposed while working.
Any premises, room or other place where an employee or
				employees are employed for the performance of labor or service over which the
				employer has the right of access or control. For the purposes of this code,
				fireground and emergency scenes are also considered places of
				employment.
Work/rest ratio.
An expression of the amount of
				rest that is required for each hour an individual is in work status. Current
				NWCG guidelines require one hour of rest for every two hours in work
				status.
Statutory Authority:
				  RCW
				  49.17.010,
				  49.17.040,
				  49.17.050,
				  49.17.060 and 29 C.F.R. 1910.156,
				  Fire brigades. 13-05-070, § 296-305-01005, filed 2/19/13, effective
				  1/1/14. Statutory Authority:
				  RCW
				  49.17.010, [49.17].040, and [49.17].050.
				  01-11-038, § 296-305-01005, filed 5/9/01, effective 9/1/01. Statutory
				  Authority:
				  RCW
				  49.17.040. 99-05-080, § 296-305-01005,
				  filed 2/17/99, effective 6/1/99. Statutory Authority:
				  RCW
				  49.17.010, [49.17].050 and [49.17].060.
				  96-11-067, § 296-305-01005, filed 5/10/96, effective
				  1/1/97.