Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 800 - Environmental Protection - Water Supply › Chapter NR 809 - Safe Drinking Water › Subchapter I - Maximum Contaminant Levels, Monitoring and Analytical Requirements for Primary Drinking Water Contaminants › Section NR 809.52 - Analytical methods for radionuclides

Current through June 24, 2024
(1) ANALYTICAL
				  METHODS. Analyses conducted to determine compliance with ss.
				  NR
				  809.50 and
				  809.51 shall be made in accordance
				  with approved methods listed in Table N.
Table N
SDWA Approved Methodology for Radiological
					 Measurements Reference (method or page number)
Parameter
Method
EPA1
EPA2
EPA3
EPA
4
SM5
ASTM6
USGS7
DOE8
Others
SM Online
Naturally Occurring:
R-1120-76
----
Gross alpha11 &
								  beta
Evaporation
900.0
p1
00-01
p1
302,
7110 B
R-1120-76
----
7110 B-00
Gross alpha11
co-precipitation
----
00-02
7110 C
----
----
----
7110 C-00
Radium 226
Radon emanation, Radiochemical
903.1
903.0
P 16
p13
Ra-04
Ra-03
p19
7500-Ra C
304,305,
7500-Ra B
D 3454-91
D 2460-90
D3454-05
D2460-07
R-1141-76
R-1140-76
Ra-05
N.Y.9
7550-Ra C-01
7500-Ra B-01
Radium 228
Radiochemical
904.0
P 24
Ra-05
p19
304,7500 Ra D
----
R-1142-76
----
N.Y.9
									 N.J.10
7500-Ra D-01
Uranium12
Radiochemical
908.0
7500-UB
D 2907-91
R-1180-76
U-04 U-2
7500-U B-00
Fluorometric
908.1
7500-UC (17th Ed)
D 2907-97
R-1180-76
R-1181-76
R-1182-76
U-04
Alpha spectrometry
----
00-07
p33
7500-UC (18th or 19th Ed)
D 3972-90
D3972-09
----
----
7500-U C-00
Laser Phosphorimetry
----
-
D5174-97,
02
ICP-MS
200.813
3125
D 5673-03
D5673-05,
10
Man-Made:
Radioactive
----
Strontium -89,90
Radiochemical
905.0
p 29
Sr-04
p65
303, 7500-Sr B
----
R1160-76
Sr-01
Sr-02
7500-Sr B-01
Tritium
Liquid Scintillation
906.0
p 34
H-02
p 87
306, 7500-H B3
D 4107-91
D 4107-08
R 1171-76
----
7500-3H B-00
Radioactive Cesium -
Radiochemical, Gamma ray spectrophotometry
901.0
901.1
p 4
p 92
7500-Cs B,
7120 (19th Ed.)
D 2459-72
D 3649-91
D3649-06
---
R-1110-76
4.5.2.3
Radioactive Iodine
Radiochemical, Gamma ray spectrophotometry
902.0
901.1
p 6
p 9
p 92
7500-I B
7500-I C
7500-I D
7120 (19th Ed)
D 3649-91
D 4785-88
D3649-06
D4785-08
----
4.5.2.3
7500-I C-00,
7500-I D-00
Gamma Emitters
Gamma ray spectrometry
901.1
902.0
901.0
p 92
7120 (19th Ed.)
7500-Cs B
7500-I B
D 3649-91
D 4785-88
D3649-0
D4785-08
----
4.5.2.3
7120-97
1 "Prescribed Procedures for Measurement of Radioactivity
					 in Drinking Water", EPA-600/4-80/032. August, 1980. Available from the EMSL,
					 Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive,
					 Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268.
2 "Interim Radiochemical Methodology for Drinking Water",
					 EPA 600/4-75/008 (revised), March 1976, Available at NTIS, ibid PB
					 253258.
3 "Radiochemistry Procedures Manual", EPA 520/5-84/006,
					 December 1987, Available at NTIS, ibid, PB 84-215581
4 "Radiochemical Analytical Procedures for Analysis of
					 Environmental Samples", March 1979, Available at NTIS, ibid, EMSL LV
					 053917
5 "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
					 Wastewater," 13th, 17th, 18th, 19th,
					 20th, 21st, or
					 22nd, edition, 1971, 1989, 1992, 1995, 1998, 2005,
					 2012, available at American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW.,
					 Washington, DC. 20001-3710. Methods 302, 303, 304, 305 and 306 are only in the
					 13th edition. Methods 7110B, 7500-Ra B, 7500-Ra C, 7500-Ra D, 7500-U B, 7500-Cs
					 B, 7500-I B, 7500-I C, 7500-I D, 7500-Sr B, and
					 7500-3H B are in the 17th, 18th, 19 th 20 th, 21 st,
					 and 22 nd editions. Method 7110 C and 7500-U C Alpha spectrometry is in the
					 18th, 19th, 20th,
					 21st, and 22nd editions.
					 Method 7500-U C Fluorometric Uranium is only in the 17th edition, Method 7120
					 is only in the 19th and 20th editions. Method 3125 is only in the 20th edition.
					 Standard Methods online are available at
http://www.standardmethods.org
.
					 The year in which each method was approved by the Standard Methods Committee is
					 designated by the last two digits in the method number. The methods listed are
					 the only online versions that may be used.
6 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 11.02, 1994.
					 Available at American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
					 West Conshohocken, PA 19428.
7 "Methods for Determination of Radioactive Substances in
					 Water and Fluvial Sediments", Chapter A 5 in Book 5 of Techniques of Water
					 Resources Investigations of the United States Geological Survey, 1997.
					 Available at U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Information Services, Box 25286
					 Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225-0425.
8 "EML Procedures Manual", 27th Edition, Volume 1, 1990.
					 Available at the Environmental Measurements Laboratory, U.S. Department of
					 Energy (DOE), 376 Hudson Street, New York, NY 10014-3621.
9 "Determination of Ra-226 and Ra-228 (Ra-02)", January
					 1980, Revised June 1982. Available at Radiological Sciences Institute Center
					 for Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, Empire
					 State Plaza, Albany, NY 12201.
10 "Determination of Radium 228 in Drinking Water", August
					 1980. Available at State of New Jersey, Department of Environmental Protection,
					 Division of Environmental Quality, Bureau of Radiation and Inorganic Analytical
					 Services, 9 Ewing Street, Trenton, N.J. 08625.
11 Natural uranium and thorium-230 or approved as gross
					 alpha calibration standards for gross alpha with co-precipitation and
					 evaporation methods, americium-241 is approved with co-precipitation
					 methods.
12 If uranium (U) is determined by mass a 0.67 pCi/g of
					 uranium conversion factor shall be used. This conservative factor is based on
					 the 1:1 activity ratio of U-234 to U-238 that is characteristic of naturally
					 occurring uranium.
(2)
				  DETECTION LIMITS. To determine compliance with s.
				  NR
				  809.50(1), the detection limit may
				  not exceed the concentrations in Table O.
Table O
Detection Limits for Gross Alpha Particle
					 Activity,
Radium 226, Radium 228, and Uranium
Contaminant
Detection Limit
Gross alpha particle activity
3 pCi/l
Radium 226
1 pCi/l
Radium 228
1 pCi/l
Uranium
Reserve
(3)
				  RESULTS ROUNDING. To judge compliance with the maximum contaminant levels
				  listed in s.
				  NR
				  809.50, averages of data shall be used and shall be
				  rounded to the same number of significant figures as the maximum contaminant
				  level for the substance in question.
(4) SENSITIVITY LIMITS. For the purpose of
				  monitoring radionuclide concentrations in drinking water, the required
				  sensitivity of the radioanalysis is defined in terms of a detection limit. The
				  detection limit shall be that concentration which can be counted with a
				  precision of plus or minus 100% at the 95% confidence level, 1.96 ó
				  where ó is the standard deviation of the net counting rate of the
				  sample.
(5) DETECTION LIMITS FOR
				  MAN-MADE BETA PARTICLE AND PHOTON EMITTERS . To determine compliance with s.
				  NR
				  809.51, the detection limits may not exceed the
				  concentrations listed in Table P.
Table P
Detection Limits for Man-made Beta
					 Particle
and Photon Emitters
Radionuclide
Detection Limit
Tritium
1,000 pCi/1
Strontium-89
10 pCi/1
Strontium-90
2 pCi/1
Iodine-131
1 pCi/1
Cesium-134
10 pCi/1
Gross beta
4 pCi/1
Other radionuclides
1/10 of the applicable limit
Note:
Sections
					 NR
					 809.50 to 809.52 are identical to the radioactivity
					 standards of the department of health services in ch. DHS 157, Wis. Adm. Code,
					 and to the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations, 40 CFR part
					 141. These sections are adopted pursuant to s.
					 254.34,
					 Stats.
(6) SAMPLE
				  COLLECTION METHODS. Sample collection for radionuclide contaminants under s.
				  NR
				  809.50 shall be conducted using the sample
				  preservation, containers and maximum holding time procedures specified in Table
				  Q. If a composite sample is prepared, a holding time cannot exceed 12 months.
				  In all cases, samples should be analyzed as soon after collection as possible.
Table Q
Radionuclide sample preservation, containers and
					 maximum holding time
Parameter
Preservative1
Container2
Holding Time
Gross Alpha ...........
Conc. HCl or HNO3 to pH
								  <2 ......
P or G .........
6 mo
Gross beta ..............
Conc. HCl or HNO3 to pH
								  <2 ......
P or G .........
6 mo
Strontium-89 ...........
Conc. HCl or HNO3 to pH
								  <2 ......
P or G .........
6 mo
Strontium-90 ...........
Conc. HCl or HNO3 to pH
								  <2 ......
P or G .........
6 mo
Radium-226 ...........
Conc. HCl or HNO3 to pH
								  <2 ......
P or G .........
6 mo
Radium-228 ...........
Conc. HCl or HNO3 to pH
								  <2 ......
P or G .........
6 mo
Cesium-134 ...........
Conc. HCl to pH <2 .............
P or G .........
6 mo
Iodine-131 ............
None .........................
P or G .........
8 days
Tritium ................
None ..........................
G ............
6 mo
Uranium ..............
Conc. HCl or HNO3 to pH <2 ......
P or G .........
6 mo
Photon emitters .........
Conc. HCl or HNO3 to pH <2 ......
P or G .........
6 mo
1 It is recommended that the preservative be added to the
					 sample at the time of collection unless suspended solids activity is to be
					 measured. If the sample has to be shipped to a laboratory or storage area
					 unpreserved, acidification of the sample (in its original container) may be
					 delayed for a period not to exceed 5 days. A minimum of 16 hours shall elapse
					 between acidification and analysis.
2 P = Plastic, hard or soft; G = Glass, hard or
					 soft.