Washington Administrative Code › Title 296 - Labor and Industries, Department of › Chapter 296-901 - Globally harmonized system for hazard communication › Section 296-901-14024 - Appendix B - Physical hazard criteria

Current through Register Vol. 24-14, July 15, 2024
B.1 EXPLOSIVES
B.1.1 Definitions and general considerations.
B.1.1.1 An explosive chemical is a solid or liquid
				chemical which is in itself capable by chemical reaction of producing
				gas at such a temperature and pressure and at such a speed as to
				cause damage to the surroundings. Pyrotechnic chemicals are included
				even when they do not evolve gases.
A pyrotechnic chemical is a chemical designed to
				produce an effect by heat, light, sound, gas or smoke or a
				combination of these as the result of non-detonative self-sustaining
				exothermic chemical reactions.
An explosive item is an item containing one or more
				explosive chemicals.
A pyrotechnic item is an item containing one or more
				pyrotechnic chemicals.
An unstable explosive is an explosive which is
				thermally unstable and/or too sensitive for normal handling,
				transport, or use.
An intentional explosive is a chemical or item which
				is manufactured with a view to produce a practical explosive or
				pyrotechnic effect.
B.1.1.2 The class of explosives comprises:
(a) Explosive chemicals;
(b) Explosive items, except devices containing
				explosive chemicals in such quantity or of such a character that
				their inadvertent or accidental ignition or initiation must not cause
				any effect external to the device either by projection, fire, smoke,
				heat or loud noise; and
(c) Chemicals and items not included under (a) and
				(b) above which are manufactured with the view to producing a
				practical explosive or pyrotechnic effect.
(a) Division 1.1 - Chemicals and items which have a
				mass explosion hazard (a mass explosion is one which affects almost
				the entire quantity present virtually instantaneously);
(b) Division 1.2 - Chemicals and items which have a
				projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard;
(c) Division 1.3 - Chemicals and items which have a
				fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection
				hazard or both, but not a mass explosion hazard:
(i) Combustion of which gives rise to considerable
				radiant heat; or
(ii) Which burn one after another, producing minor
				blast or projection effects or both;
(d) Division 1.4 - Chemicals and items which present
				no significant hazard: chemicals and items which present only a small
				hazard in the event of ignition or initiation. The effects are
				largely confined to the package and no projection of fragments of
				appreciable size or range is to be expected. An external fire must
				not cause virtually instantaneous explosion of almost the entire
				contents of the package;
(e) Division 1.5 - Very insensitive chemicals which
				have a mass explosion hazard: chemicals which have a mass explosion
				hazard but are so insensitive that there is very little probability
				of initiation or of transition from burning to detonation under
				normal conditions;
(f) Division 1.6 - Extremely insensitive items which
				do not have a mass explosion hazard: Items which contain only
				extremely insensitive detonating chemicals and which demonstrate a
				negligible probability of accidental initiation or
				propagation.
B.1.3 Additional classification considerations
B.1.3.1 Explosives must be classified as unstable
				explosives or must be assigned to one of the six divisions identified
				in B.1.2 in accordance with the three step procedure in Part I of the
				UN ST/SG/AC.10/Rev. 4, The UN Recommendations on the Transport of
				Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, Fourth Revised
				Edition, 2003. The first step is to ascertain whether the substance
				or mixture has explosive effects (Test Series 1). The second step is
				the acceptance procedure (Test Series 2 to 4) and the third step is
				the assignment to a hazard division (Test Series 5 to 7). The
				assessment whether a candidate for "ammonium nitrate emulsion or
				suspension or gel, intermediate for blasting explosives (ANE)" is
				insensitive enough for inclusion as an oxidizing liquid (See B.13) or
				an oxidizing solid (See B.14) is determined by Test Series 8
				tests.
NOTE: Classification of solid chemicals must be based
				on tests performed on the chemical as presented. If, for example, for
				the purposes of supply or transport, the same chemical is to be
				presented in a physical form different from that which was tested and
				which is considered likely to materially alter its performance in a
				classification test, classification must be based on testing of the
				chemical in the new form
B.1.3.2 Explosive properties are associated with the
				presence of certain chemical groups in a molecule which can react to
				produce very rapid increases in temperature or pressure. The
				screening procedure in B.1.3.1 is aimed at identifying the presence
				of such reactive groups and the potential for rapid energy release.
				If the screening procedure identifies the chemical as a potential
				explosive, the acceptance procedure (See section 10.3 of the UN
				ST/SG/AC.10 (incorporated by reference; See § 1910.6)) is
				necessary for classification.
NOTE: Neither a Series 1 type (a) propagation of
				detonation test nor a Series 2 type (a) test of sensitivity to
				detonative shock is necessary if the exothermic decomposition energy
				of organic materials is less than 800 J/g.
B.1.3.3 If a mixture contains any known explosives,
				the acceptance procedure is necessary for classification.
B.1.3.4 A chemical is not classified as explosive
				if:
(a) There are no chemical groups associated with
				explosive properties present in the molecule. Examples of groups
				which may indicate explosive properties are given in Table A6.1 in
				Appendix 6 of the UN ST/SG/AC.10/Rev. 4, The UN Recommendations on
				the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria,
				Fourth Revised Edition, 2003; or
(b) The substance contains chemical groups associated
				with explosive properties which include oxygen and the calculated
				oxygen balance is less than -200.
The oxygen balance is calculated for the chemical
				reaction:
CxHyOz
				+ [x + (y/4)-(z/2)]O2 -->
				x.CO2 + (y/2)H2O
using the formula: oxygen balance = -1600[2x +
				(y/2)-z]/ molecular weight; or
(c) The organic substance or a homogenous mixture of
				organic substances contains chemical groups associated with explosive
				properties but the exothermic decomposition energy is less than 500
				J/g and the onset of exothermic decomposition is below 500°C
				(932°F). The exothermic decomposition energy may be determined
				using a suitable calorimetric technique; or
(d) For mixtures of inorganic oxidizing substances
				with organic material(s), the concentration of the inorganic
				oxidizing substance is:
(i) less than 15%, by mass, if the oxidizing
				substance is assigned to Category 1 or 2;
(ii) less than 30%, by mass, if the oxidizing
				substance is assigned to Category 3.
B.2 FLAMMABLE GASES
B.2.1 Definition
Flammable gas means a gas having a flammable range
				with air at 20°C (68°F) and a standard pressure of 101.3 kPa
				(14.7 psi).
B.2.2 Classification criteria
A flammable gas must be classified in one of the two
				categories for this class in accordance with Table B.2.1:
TABLE B.2.1-CRITERIA FOR FLAMMABLE
				GASES
Category
Criteria
1
Gases, which at 20°C (68°F) and a
						standard
pressure of 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi):
(a) are ignitable when in a mixture of 13% or
less by volume in air; or
(b) have a flammable range with air of at least
12 percentage points regardless of the lower
flammable limit.
2
Gases, other than those of Category 1, which,
at 20°C (68°F) and a standard pressure
						of
101.3 kPa (14.7 psi), have a flammable range
while mixed in air.
NOTE: Aerosols must not be classified as flammable
				gases. See B.3.
B.2.3 Additional classification considerations
Flammability must be determined by tests or by
				calculation in accordance with ISO 10156:1996 (E), Gases and Gas
				Mixtures-Determination of Fire Potential and Oxidizing Ability for
				the Selection of Cylinder Valve Outlets, Second Edition, Feb. 15,
				1996, ISO 10156-2:2005 (E), Gas Cylinders-Gases and Gas Mixtures-Part
				2: Determination of Oxidizing Ability of Toxic and Corrosive Gases
				and Gas Mixtures, First Edition Aug. 1, 2005. Where insufficient data
				are available to use this method, equivalent validated methods may be
				used.
B.3 FLAMMABLE AEROSOLS
B.3.1 Definition
Aerosol means any non-refillable receptacle
				containing a gas compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure,
				and fitted with a release device allowing the contents to be ejected
				as particles in suspension in a gas, or as a foam, paste, powder,
				liquid or gas.
B.3.2 Classification criteria
B.3.2.1 Aerosols must be considered for
				classification as flammable if they contain any component which is
				classified as flammable in accordance with this Appendix,
				i.e.:
Flammable liquids (See B.6);
Flammable gases (See B.2);
Flammable solids (See B.7).
NOTE 1: Flammable components do not include
				pyrophoric, self-heating or water-reactive chemicals.
NOTE 2: Flammable aerosols do not fall additionally
				within the scope of flammable gases, flammable liquids, or flammable
				solids.
B.3.2.2 A flammable aerosol must be classified in one
				of the two categories for this class in accordance with Table
				B.3.1.
TABLE B.3.1-CRITERIA FOR FLAMMABLE
				AEROSOLS
Category
Criteria
1
Contains [GREATER THAN EQUALS TO]85% flammable
						components and the chemical heat of combustion is [GREATER THAN
						EQUALS TO]30 kJ/g; or
(a) For spray aerosols, in the ignition distance
test, ignition occurs at a distance [GREATER
						THAN EQUALS TO]75 cm
(29.5 in), or
(b) For foam aerosols, in the aerosol foam
flammability test
(i) the flame height is [GREATER THAN EQUALS
						TO]20 cm (7.87 in) and
the flame duration [GREATER THAN EQUALS TO]2 s;
						or
(ii) the flame height is [GREATER THAN EQUALS
						TO]4 cm (1.57 in) and the
flame duration [GREATER THAN EQUALS TO]7 s.
2
Contains > 1% flammable components, or the
						heat of combustion is [GREATER THAN EQUALS TO]20 kJ/g; and
(a) For spray aerosols, in the ignition distance
test, ignition occurs at a distance [GREATER
						THAN EQUALS TO]15 cm (5.9
in), or in the enclosed space ignition test, the
(i) time equivalent is [LESS THAN EQUALS TO]300
						s/m3; or
(ii) deflagration density is [LESS THAN EQUALS
						TO]300 g/m3
(b) For foam aerosols, in the aerosol foam
flammability test, the flame height is [GREATER
						THAN EQUALS TO]4 cm
and the flame duration is [GREATER THAN EQUALS
						TO]2 s and it does not
meet the criteria for Category 1
NOTE: Aerosols not submitted to the flammability
				classification procedures in this Appendix must be classified as
				extremely flammable (Category 1).
B.3.3 Additional classification considerations
B.3.3.1 To classify a flammable aerosol, data on its
				flammable components, on its chemical heat of combustion and, if
				applicable, the results of the aerosol foam flammability test (for
				foam aerosols) and of the ignition distance test and enclosed space
				test (for spray aerosols) are necessary.
B.3.3.2 The chemical heat of combustion ([DELTA]Hc),
				in kilojoules per gram (kJ/g), is the product of the theoretical heat
				of combustion ([DELTA]Hcomb), and a combustion efficiency, usually
				less than 1.0 (a typical combustion efficiency is 0.95 or
				95%).
For a composite aerosol formulation, the chemical
				heat of combustion is the summation of the weighted heats of
				combustion for the individual components, as follows:
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The chemical heats of combustion must be found in
				literature, calculated or determined by tests (See ASTM D240-02
				(Reapproved 2007), Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of
				Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter, ISO 13943:2000 (E/F),
				Fire Safety-Vocabulary, First Edition, April 15, 2000, Sections 86.1
				to 86.3, and NFPA 30B, Code for the Manufacture and Storage of
				Aerosol Products, 2007 Edition).
B.3.3.3 The Ignition Distance Test, Enclosed Space
				Ignition Test and Aerosol Foam Flammability Test must be performed in
				accordance with sub-sections 31.4, 31.5 and 31.6 of the of the UN
				ST/SG/AC.10/Rev. 4, The UN Recommendations of the Transport of
				Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, Fourth Revised
				Edition, 2003.
B.4 OXIDIZING GASES
B.4.1 Definition
Oxidizing gas means any gas which may, generally by
				providing oxygen, cause or contribute to the combustion of other
				material more than air does.
NOTE: "Gases which cause or contribute to the
				combustion of other material more than air does" means pure gases or
				gas mixtures with an oxidizing power greater than 23.5% (as
				determined by a method specified in ISO 10156:1996 (E), Gases and Gas
				Mixtures-Determination of Fire Potential and Oxidizing Ability for
				the Selection of Cylinder Valve Outlets, Second Edition, Feb. 15,
				1996, 10156-2:2005 (E), Gas Cylinders-Gases and Gas Mixtures-Part
				2:Determination of Oxidizing Ability of Toxic and Corrosive Gases and
				Gas Mixtures, First Edition Aug. 1, 2005 or an equivalent testing
				method).
B.4.2 Classification criteria
An oxidizing gas must classified in a single category
				for this class in accordance with Table B.4.1:
TABLE B.4.1-CRITERIA FOR OXIDIZING
				GASES
Category
Criteria
1
Any gas which may, generally by providing
						oxygen, cause or contribute to the combustion of other material more
						than air does.
B.4.3 Additional classification considerations
Classification must be in accordance with tests or
				calculation methods as described in ISO 10156:1996 (E), Gases and Gas
				Mixtures-Determination of Fire Potential and Oxidizing Ability for
				the Selection of Cylinder Valve Outlets, Second Edition, Feb. 15,
				1996 and ISO 10156-2:2005 (E), Gas Cylinders-Gases and Gas
				Mixtures-Part 2: Determination of Oxidizing Ability of Toxic and
				Corrosive Gases and Gas Mixtures, First Edition Aug. 1, 2005.
B.5 GASES UNDER PRESSURE
B.5.1 Definition
Gases under pressure are gases which are contained in
				a receptacle at a pressure of 200 kPa (29 psi) (gauge) or more, or
				which are liquefied or liquefied and refrigerated.
They comprise compressed gases, liquefied gases,
				dissolved gases and refrigerated liquefied gases.
B.5.2 Classification criteria
Gases under pressure must be classified in one of
				four groups in accordance with Table B.5.1:
TABLE B.5.1-CRITERIA FOR GASES UNDER
				PRESSURE
Group
Criteria
Compressed gas
A gas which when under pressure is entirely
						gaseous at -50°C (-58°F), including all gases with a critical
						temperature1 [LESS THAN EQUALS TO]
						50°C (-58°F).
Liquefied gas
A gas which when under pressure is partially
						  liquid at temperatures above -50°C (-58°F). A distinction is
						  made between:
(a) High pressure liquefied gas: a gas with
						  a critical temperature1 between -50°C
						  (-58°F) and +65°C (149°F); and
(b) Low pressure liquefied gas: a gas with a
						  critical temperature1 above +65°C
						  (149°F).
Refrigerated liquefied gas
A gas which is made partially liquid because of
						its low temperature.
Dissolved gas
A gas which when under pressure is dissolved in
						a liquid phase solvent.
1 The critical temperature
				is the temperature above which a pure gas cannot be liquefied,
				regardless of the degree of compression.
B.6 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
B.6.1 Definition
Flammable liquid means a liquid having a flash point
				of not more than 93°C (199.4°F).
Flash point means the minimum temperature at which a
				liquid gives off vapor in sufficient concentration to form an
				ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid, as
				determined by a method identified in Section B.6.3.
B.6.2 Classification criteria
A flammable liquid must be classified in one of four
				categories in accordance with Table B.6.1:
TABLE B.6.1-CRITERIA FOR FLAMMABLE
				LIQUIDS
Category
Criteria
1
Flash point < 23°C (73.4°F) and
						initial boiling point [LESS THAN EQUALS TO] 35°C (95°F)
2
Flash point < 23°C (73.4°F) and
						initial boiling point > 35°C (95°F)
3
Flash point [GREATER THAN EQUALS TO] 23°C
						(73.4°F) and [LESS THAN EQUALS TO] 60°C (140°F)
4
Flash point > 60°C (140°F) and [LESS
						THAN EQUALS TO] 93°C (199.4°F)
B.6.3 Additional classification considerations
The flash point must be determined in accordance with
				ASTM D56-05, Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup
				Tester, ASTM D3278-96 (Reapproved 2004) E1, Standard Test Methods for
				Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus, ASTM
				D3828-07a, Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale
				Closed Cup Tester, Approved, ASTM D93-08, Standard Test Methods for
				Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester, or any other method
				specified in GHS Revision 3, Chapter 2.6.
The initial boiling point must be determined in
				accordance with ASTM D86-07a, Standard Test Method for Distillation
				of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure or ASTM D1078-05,
				Standard Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Organic
				Liquids.
B.7 FLAMMABLE SOLIDS
B.7.1 Definitions
Flammable solid means a solid which is a readily
				combustible solid, or which may cause or contribute to fire through
				friction.
Readily combustible solids are powdered, granular, or
				pasty chemicals which are dangerous if they can be easily ignited by
				brief contact with an ignition source, such as a burning match, and
				if the flame spreads rapidly.
B.7.2 Classification criteria
B.7.2.1 Powdered, granular or pasty chemicals must be
				classified as flammable solids when the time of burning of one or
				more of the test runs, performed in accordance with the test method
				described in the UN ST/SG/AC.10/Rev. 4, The UN Recommendations of the
				Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, Fourth
				Revised Edition, 2003, Part III, sub-section 33.2.1, is less than 45
				s or the rate of burning is more than 2.2 mm/s (0.0866 in/s).
B.7.2.2 Powders of metals or metal alloys must be
				classified as flammable solids when they can be ignited and the
				reaction spreads over the whole length of the sample in 10 min or
				less.
B.7.2.3 Solids which may cause fire through friction
				must be classified in this class by analogy with existing entries
				(e.g., matches) until definitive criteria are established.
B.7.2.4 A flammable solid must be classified in one
				of the two categories for this class using Method N.1 as described in
				Part III, sub-section 33.2.1 of the UN ST/SG/AC.10/Rev. 4, The UN
				Recommendations of the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests
				and Criteria, Fourth Revised Edition, 2003, in accordance with Table
				B.7.1:
TABLE B.7.1-CRITERIA FOR FLAMMABLE
				SOLIDS
Category
Criteria
1
Burning rate test:
Chemicals other than metal powders:
(a) wetted zone does not stop fire; and
(b) burning time <45 s or burning rate
						>2.2
mm/s
Metal powders: burning time [LESS THAN EQUALS
						TO]5 min
2
Burning rate test:
Chemicals other than metal powders:
(a) wetted zone stops the fire for at least 4
min; and >
(b) burning time <45 s or burning rate
						>2.2
mm/s
Metal powders: burning time >5 min and [LESS
						THAN EQUALS TO]10
min
NOTE: Classification of solid chemicals must be based
				on tests performed on the chemical as presented. If, for example, for
				the purposes of supply or transport, the same chemical is to be
				presented in a physical form different from that which was tested and
				which is considered likely to materially alter its performance in a
				classification test, classification must be based on testing of the
				chemical in the new form.
B.8 SELF-REACTIVE CHEMICALS
B.8.1 Definitions
Self-reactive chemicals are thermally unstable liquid
				or solid chemicals liable to undergo a strongly exothermic
				decomposition even without participation of oxygen (air). This
				definition excludes chemicals classified under this section as
				explosives, organic peroxides, oxidizing liquids or oxidizing
				solids.
A self-reactive chemical is regarded as possessing
				explosive properties when in laboratory testing the formulation is
				liable to detonate, to deflagrate rapidly or to show a violent effect
				when heated under confinement.
B.8.2 Classification criteria
B.8.2.1 A self-reactive chemical must be considered
				for classification in this class unless:
(a) It is classified as an explosive according to B.1
				of this appendix;
(b) It is classified as an oxidizing liquid or an
				oxidizing solid according to B.13 or B.14 of this appendix, except
				that a mixture of oxidizing substances which contains 5% or more of
				combustible organic substances must be classified as a self-reactive
				chemical according to the procedure defined in B.8.2.2;
(c) It is classified as an organic peroxide according
				to B.15 of this appendix;
(d) Its heat of decomposition is less than 300 J/g;
				or
(e) Its self-accelerating decomposition temperature
				(SADT) is greater than 75°C (167°F) for a 50 kg (110 lb)
				package.
B.8.2.2 Mixtures of oxidizing substances, meeting the
				criteria for classification as oxidizing liquids or oxidizing solids,
				which contain 5% or more of combustible organic substances and which
				do not meet the criteria mentioned in B.8.2.1 (a), (c), (d) or (e),
				must be subjected to the self-reactive chemicals classification
				procedure in B.8.2.3. Such a mixture showing the properties of a
				self-reactive chemical type B to F must be classified as a
				self-reactive chemical.
B.8.2.3 Self-reactive chemicals must be classified in
				one of the seven categories of "types A to G" for this class,
				according to the following principles:
(a) Any self-reactive chemical which can detonate or
				deflagrate rapidly, as packaged, will be defined as self-reactive
				chemical TYPE A;
(b) Any self-reactive chemical possessing explosive
				properties and which, as packaged, neither detonates nor deflagrates
				rapidly, but is liable to undergo a thermal explosion in that package
				will be defined as self-reactive chemical TYPE B;
(c) Any self-reactive chemical possessing explosive
				properties when the chemical as packaged cannot detonate or
				deflagrate rapidly or undergo a thermal explosion will be defined as
				self-reactive chemical TYPE C;
(d) Any self-reactive chemical which in laboratory
				testing meets the criteria in (d)(i), (ii), or (iii) will be defined
				as self-reactive chemical TYPE D:
(i) Detonates partially, does not deflagrate rapidly
				and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or
(ii) Does not detonate at all, deflagrates slowly and
				shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or
(iii) Does not detonate or deflagrate at all and
				shows a medium effect when heated under confinement;
(e) Any self-reactive chemical which, in laboratory
				testing, neither detonates nor deflagrates at all and shows low or no
				effect when heated under confinement will be defined as self-reactive
				chemical TYPE E;
(f) Any self-reactive chemical which, in laboratory
				testing, neither detonates in the cavitated state nor deflagrates at
				all and shows only a low or no effect when heated under confinement
				as well as low or no explosive power will be defined as self-reactive
				chemical TYPE F;
(g) Any self-reactive chemical which, in laboratory
				testing, neither detonates in the cavitated state nor deflagrates at
				all and shows no effect when heated under confinement nor any
				explosive power, provided that it is thermally stable
				(self-accelerating decomposition temperature is 60°C (140°F)
				to 75°C (167°F) for a 50 kg (110 lb) package), and, for
				liquid mixtures, a diluent having a boiling point greater than or
				equal to 150°C (302°F) is used for desensitization will be
				defined as self-reactive chemical TYPE G. If the mixture is not
				thermally stable or a diluent having a boiling point less than
				150°C (302°F) is used for desensitization, the mixture must
				be defined as self-reactive chemical TYPE F.
B.8.3 Additional classification considerations
B.8.3.1 For purposes of classification, the
				properties of self-reactive chemicals must be determined in
				accordance with test series A to H as described in Part II of the UN
				ST/SG/ AC.10/Rev. 4, The UN Recommendations on the Transport of
				Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, Fourth Revised
				Edition, 2003.
B.8.3.2 Self-accelerating decomposition temperature
				(SADT) must be determined in accordance with the UN ST/ SG/AC.10/Rev.
				4, The UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual
				of Tests and Criteria, Fourth Revised Edition, 2003.
B.8.3.3 The classification procedures for
				self-reactive substances and mixtures need not be applied if:
(a) There are no chemical groups present in the
				molecule associated with explosive or self-reactive properties;
				examples of such groups are given in Tables A6.1 and A6.2 in the
				Appendix 6 of the UN ST/SG/AC.10/Rev. 4, The UN Recommendations on
				the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria,
				Fourth Revised Edition, 2003; or
(b) For a single organic substance or a homogeneous
				mixture of organic substances, the estimated SADT is greater than
				75°C (167°F) or the exothermic decomposition energy is less
				than 300 J/g. The onset temperature and decomposition energy may be
				estimated using a suitable calorimetric technique (See 20.3.3.3 in
				Part II of the UN ST/SG/AC.10/Rev. 4, the UN Recommendations on the
				Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, Fourth
				Revised Edition, 2003).
B.9 PYROPHORIC LIQUIDS
B.9.1 Definition
Pyrophoric liquid means a liquid which, even in small
				quantities, is liable to ignite within five minutes after coming into
				contact with air.
B.9.2 Classification criteria
A pyrophoric liquid must be classified in a single
				category for this class using test N.3 in Part III, sub-section
				33.3.1.5 of the UN ST/SG/AC.10/Rev. 4, The UN Recommendations on the
				Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, Fourth
				Revised Edition, 2003, in accordance with Table B.9.1:
TABLE B.9.1-CRITERIA FOR PYROPHORIC
				LIQUIDS
Category
Criteria
1
The liquid ignites within 5 min when added to an
						inert carrier and exposed to air, or it ignites or chars a filter
						paper on contact with air within 5 min.
B.9.3 Additional classification considerations
The classification procedure for pyrophoric liquids
				need not be applied when experience in production or handling shows
				that the chemical does not ignite spontaneously on coming into
				contact with air at normal temperatures (i.e., the substance is known
				to be stable at room temperature for prolonged periods of time
				(days)).
B.10 PYROPHORIC SOLIDS
B.10.1 Definition
Pyrophoric solid means a solid which, even in small
				quantities, is liable to ignite within five minutes after coming into
				contact with air.
B.10.2 Classification criteria
A pyrophoric solid must be classified in a single
				category for this class using test N.2 in Part III, sub-section
				33.3.1.4 of the UN ST/SG/AC.10/Rev. 4, The UN Recommendations of the
				Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, Fourth
				Revised Edition, 2003, in accordance with Table B.10.1:
TABLE B.10.1-CRITERIA FOR PYROPHORIC
				SOLIDS
Category
Criteria
1
The solid ignites within 5 min of coming into
						contact with air.
NOTE: Classification of solid chemicals must be based
				on tests performed on the chemical as presented. If, for example, for
				the purposes of supply or transport, the same chemical is to be
				presented in a physical form different from that which was tested and
				which is considered likely to materially alter its performance in a
				classification test, classification must be based on testing of the
				chemical in the new form.
B.10.3 Additional classification
				considerations
The classification procedure for pyrophoric solids
				need not be applied when experience in production or handling shows
				that the chemical does not ignite spontaneously on coming into
				contact with air at normal temperatures (i.e., the chemical is known
				to be stable at room temperature for prolonged periods of time
				(days)).
B.11 SELF-HEATING CHEMICALS
B.11.1 Definition
A self-heating chemical is a solid or liquid
				chemical, other than a pyrophoric liquid or solid, which, by reaction
				with air and without energy supply, is liable to self-heat; this
				chemical differs from a pyrophoric liquid or solid in that it will
				ignite only when in large amounts (kilograms) and after long periods
				of time (hours or days).
NOTE: Self-heating of a substance or mixture is a
				process where the gradual reaction of that substance or mixture with
				oxygen (in air) generates heat. If the rate of heat production
				exceeds the rate of heat loss, then the temperature of the substance
				or mixture will rise which, after an induction time, may lead to
				self-ignition and combustion.
B.11.2 Classification criteria
B.11.2.1 A self-heating chemical must be classified
				in one of the two categories for this class if, in tests performed in
				accordance with test method N.4 in Part III, sub-section 33.3.1.6 of
				the UN ST/SG/AC.10/Rev. 4, The UN Recommendations on the Transport of
				Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, Fourth Revised
				Edition, 2003, the result meets the criteria shown in Table
				B.11.1.
TABLE B.11.1-CRITERIA FOR SELF-HEATING
				CHEMICALS
Category
Criteria
1
A positive result is obtained in a test using a
25 mm sample cube at 140°C (284°F)
2
A negative result is obtained in a test using a
25 mm cube sample at 140°C (284°F), a
						positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm sample cube at
						140°C (284°F), and:
(a) The unit volume of the chemical is more than
						3 m3; or
(b) A positive result is obtained in a test
						using a 100 mm cube sample at 120°C
(248°F) and the unit volume of the chemical
						is more than 450 liters; or
(c) A positive result is obtained in a test
						using a 100 mm cube sample at 100°C (212°F).
B.11.2.2 Chemicals with a temperature of spontaneous
				combustion higher than 50°C (122°F) for a volume of 27
				m3 must not be classified as self-heating
				chemicals.
B.11.2.3 Chemicals with a spontaneous ignition
				temperature higher than 50°C (122°F) for a volume of 450
				liters must not be classified in Category 1 of this class.
B.11.3 Additional classification
				considerations
B.11.3.1 The classification procedure for
				self-heating chemicals need not be applied if the results of a
				screening test can be adequately correlated with the classification
				test and an appropriate safety margin is applied.
B.11.3.2 Examples of screening tests are:
(a) The Grewer Oven test (VDI guideline 2263, part 1,
				1990, Test methods for the Determination of the Safety
				Characteristics of Dusts) with an onset temperature 80°K above
				the reference temperature for a volume of 1 l;
(b) The Bulk Powder Screening Test (Gibson, N.
				Harper, D. J. Rogers, R. Evaluation of the fire and explosion risks
				in drying powders, Plant Operations Progress, 4 (3), 181-189, 1985)
				with an onset temperature 60°K above the reference temperature
				for a volume of 1 l.
B.12 CHEMICALS WHICH, IN CONTACT WITH WATER,
				EMIT FLAMMABLE GASES
B.12.1 Definition
Chemicals which, in contact with water, emit
				flammable gases are solid or liquid chemicals which, by interaction
				with water, are liable to become spontaneously flammable or to give
				off flammable gases in dangerous quantities.
B.12.2 Classification criteria
B.12.2.1 A chemical which, in contact with water,
				emits flammable gases must be classified in one of the three
				categories for this class, using test N.5 in Part III, sub-section
				33.4.1.4 of the UN ST/SG/AC.10/Rev. 4, The UN Recommendations on the
				Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, Fourth
				Revised Edition, 2003, in accordance with Table B.12.1:
TABLE B.12.1-CRITERIA FOR CHEMICALS WHICH, IN
				CONTACT WITH WATER, EMIT FLAMMABLE GASES
Category
Criteria
1
Any chemical which reacts vigorously with water
						at ambient temperatures and demonstrates generally a tendency for the
						gas produced to ignite spontaneously, or which reacts readily with
						water at ambient temperatures such that the rate of evolution of
						flammable gas is equal to or greater than 10 liters per kilogram of
						chemical over any one minute.
2
Any chemical which reacts readily with water at
						ambient temperatures such that the maximum rate of evolution of
						flammable gas is equal to or greater than 20 liters per kilogram of
						chemical per hour, and which does not meet the criteria for Category
						1.
3
Any chemical which reacts slowly with water at
						ambient temperatures such that the maximum rate of evolution of
						flammable gas is equal to or greater than 1 liter per kilogram of
						chemical per hour, and which does not meet the criteria for
						Categories 1 and 2.
NOTE: Classification of solid chemicals must be based
				on tests performed on the chemical as presented. If, for example, for
				the purposes of supply or transport, the same chemical is to be
				presented in a physical form different from that which was tested and
				which is considered likely to materially alter its performance in a
				classification test, classification must be based on testing of the
				chemical in the new form.
B.12.2.2 A chemical is classified as a chemical
				which, in contact with water, emits flammable gases if spontaneous
				ignition takes place in any step of the test procedure.
B.12.3 Additional classification
				considerations
The classification procedure for this class need not
				be applied if:
(a) The chemical structure of the chemical does not
				contain metals or metalloids;
(b) Experience in production or handling shows that
				the chemical does not react with water, (e.g., the chemical is
				manufactured with water or washed with water); or
(c) The chemical is known to be soluble in water to
				form a stable mixture.
B.13 OXIDIZING LIQUIDS
B.13.1 Definition
Oxidizing liquid means a liquid which, while in
				itself not necessarily combustible, may, generally by yielding
				oxygen, cause, or contribute to, the combustion of other
				material.
B.13.2 Classification criteria
An oxidizing liquid must be classified in one of the
				three categories for this class using test O.2 in Part III,
				sub-section 34.4.2 of the UN ST/SG/AC.10/Rev. 4, The UN
				Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests
				and Criteria, Fourth Revised Edition, 2003, in accordance with Table
				B.13.1:
TABLE B.13.1-CRITERIA FOR OXIDIZING
				LIQUIDS
Category
Criteria
1
Any chemical which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass,
						of chemical and cellulose tested, spontaneously ignites; or the mean
						pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of chemical and
						cellulose is less than that of a 1:1 mixture, by mass, of 50%
						perchloric acid and cellulose
2
Any chemical which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass,
						of chemical and cellulose tested, exhibits a mean pressure rise time
						less than or equal to the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture,
						by mass, of 40% aqueous sodium chlorate solution and cellulose; and
						the criteria for Category 1 are not met;
3
Any chemical which, in the 1:1 mixture, by mass,
						of chemical and cellulose tested, exhibits a mean pressure rise time
						less than or equal to the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture,
						by mass, of 65% aqueous nitric acid and cellulose; and the criteria
						for Categories 1 and 2 are not met.
B.13.3 Additional classification
				considerations
B.13.3.1 For organic chemicals, the classification
				procedure for this class must not be applied if:
(a) The chemical does not contain oxygen, fluorine or
				chlorine; or
(b) The chemical contains oxygen, fluorine or
				chlorine and these elements are chemically bonded only to carbon or
				hydrogen.
B.13.3.2 For inorganic chemicals, the classification
				procedure for this class must not be applied if the chemical does not
				contain oxygen or halogen atoms.
B.13.3.3 In the event of divergence between test
				results and known experience in the handling and use of chemicals
				which shows them to be oxidizing, judgments based on known experience
				must take precedence over test results.
B.13.3.4 In cases where chemicals generate a pressure
				rise (too high or too low), caused by chemical reactions not
				characterizing the oxidizing properties of the chemical, the test
				described in Part III, sub-section 34.4.2 of the UN ST/SG/ AC.10/Rev.
				4, The UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual
				of Tests and Criteria, Fourth Revised Edition, 2003, must be repeated
				with an inert substance (e.g., diatomite (kieselguhr in place of the
				cellulose) in order to clarify the nature of the reaction).
B.14 OXIDIZING SOLIDS
B.14.1 Definition
Oxidizing solid means a solid which, while in itself
				is not necessarily combustible, may, generally by yielding oxygen,
				cause, or contribute to, the combustion of other material.
B.14.2 Classification criteria
An oxidizing solid must be classified in one of the
				three categories for this class using test O.1 in Part III,
				sub-section 34.4.1 of the UN ST/SG/AC.10/Rev. 4, The UN
				Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests
				and Criteria, Fourth Revised Edition, 2003, in accordance with Table
				B.14.1:
TABLE B.14.1-CRITERIA FOR OXIDIZING
				SOLIDS
Category
Criteria
1
Any chemical which, in the 4:1 or 1:1
						sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning
						time less than the mean burning time of a 3:2 mixture, by mass, of
						potassium bromate and cellulose.
2
Any chemical which, in the 4:1 or 1:1
						sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning
						time equal to or less than the mean burning time of a 2:3 mixture (by
						mass) of potassium bromate and cellulose and the criteria for
						Category 1 are not met.
3
Any chemical which, in the 4:1 or 1:1
						sample-to-cellulose ratio (by mass) tested, exhibits a mean burning
						time equal to or less than the mean burning time of a 3:7 mixture (by
						mass) of potassium bromate and cellulose and the criteria for
						Categories 1 and 2 are not met.
NOTE 1: Some oxidizing solids may present explosion
				hazards under certain conditions (e.g., when stored in large
				quantities). For example, some types of ammonium nitrate may give
				rise to an explosion hazard under extreme conditions and the
				"Resistance to detonation test" (IMO: Code of Safe Practice for Solid
				Bulk Cargoes, 2005, Annex 3, Test 5) may be used to assess this
				hazard. When information indicates that an oxidizing solid may
				present an explosion hazard, it must be indicated on the Safety Data
				Sheet.
NOTE 2: Classification of solid chemicals must be
				based on tests performed on the chemical as presented. If, for
				example, for the purposes of supply or transport, the same chemical
				is to be presented in a physical form different from that which was
				tested and which is considered likely to materially alter its
				performance in a classification test, classification must be based on
				testing of the chemical in the new form.
B.14.3 Additional classification
				considerations
B.14.3.1 For organic chemicals, the classification
				procedure for this class must not be applied if:
(a) The chemical does not contain oxygen, fluorine or
				chlorine; or
(b) The chemical contains oxygen, fluorine or
				chlorine and these elements are chemically bonded only to carbon or
				hydrogen.
B.14.3.2 For inorganic chemicals, the classification
				procedure for this class must not be applied if the chemical does not
				contain oxygen or halogen atoms.
B.14.3.3 In the event of divergence between test
				results and known experience in the handling and use of chemicals
				which shows them to be oxidizing, judgements based on known
				experience must take precedence over test results.
B.15 ORGANIC PEROXIDES
B.15.1 Definition
B.15.1.1 Organic peroxide means a liquid or solid
				organic chemical which contains the bivalent -0-0- structure and as
				such is considered a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, where one or
				both of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic radicals.
				The term organic peroxide includes organic peroxide mixtures
				containing at least one organic peroxide. Organic peroxides are
				thermally unstable chemicals, which may undergo exothermic
				self-accelerating decomposition. In addition, they may have one or
				more of the following properties:
(a) Be liable to explosive decomposition;
(b) Burn rapidly;
(c) Be sensitive to impact or friction;
(d) React dangerously with other substances.
B.15.1.2 An organic peroxide is regarded as
				possessing explosive properties when in laboratory testing the
				formulation is liable to detonate, to deflagrate rapidly or to show a
				violent effect when heated under confinement.
(a) Not more than 1.0% available oxygen from the
				organic peroxides when containing not more than 1.0% hydrogen
				peroxide; or
(b) Not more than 0.5% available oxygen from the
				organic peroxides when containing more than 1.0% but not more than
				7.0% hydrogen peroxide.
NOTE:
The available oxygen content (%)
				of an organic peroxide mixture is given by the formula:
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B.15.2.2 Organic peroxides must be classified in one
				of the seven categories of "Types A to G" for this class, according
				to the following principles:
(a) Any organic peroxide which, as packaged, can
				detonate or deflagrate rapidly must be defined as organic peroxide
				TYPE A;
(b) Any organic peroxide possessing explosive
				properties and which, as packaged, neither detonates nor deflagrates
				rapidly, but is liable to undergo a thermal explosion in that package
				must be defined as organic peroxide TYPE B;
(c) Any organic peroxide possessing explosive
				properties when the chemical as packaged cannot detonate or
				deflagrate rapidly or undergo a thermal explosion must be defined as
				organic peroxide TYPE C;
(d) Any organic peroxide which in laboratory testing
				meets the criteria in (d)(i), (ii), or (iii) must be defined as
				organic peroxide TYPE D:
(i) detonates partially, does not deflagrate rapidly
				and shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or
(ii) does not detonate at all, deflagrates slowly and
				shows no violent effect when heated under confinement; or
(iii) does not detonate or deflagrate at all and
				shows a medium effect when heated under confinement;
(e) Any organic peroxide which, in laboratory
				testing, neither detonates nor deflagrates at all and shows low or no
				effect when heated under confinement must be defined as organic
				peroxide TYPE E;
(f) Any organic peroxide which, in laboratory
				testing, neither detonates in the cavitated state nor deflagrates at
				all and shows only a low or no effect when heated under confinement
				as well as low or no explosive power must be defined as organic
				peroxide TYPE F;
(g) Any organic peroxide which, in laboratory
				testing, neither detonates in the cavitated state nor deflagrates at
				all and shows no effect when heated under confinement nor any
				explosive power, provided that it is thermally stable
				(self-accelerating decomposition temperature is 60°C (140°F)
				or higher for a 50 kg (110 lb) package), and, for liquid mixtures, a
				diluent having a boiling point of not less than 150°C (302°F)
				is used for desensitization, must be defined as organic peroxide TYPE
				G. If the organic peroxide is not thermally stable or a diluent
				having a boiling point less than 150°C (302°F) is used for
				desensitization, it must be defined as organic peroxide TYPE
				F.
B.15.3 Additional classification
				considerations
B.15.3.1 For purposes of classification, the
				properties of organic peroxides must be determined in accordance with
				test series A to H as described in Part II of the UN ST/SG/AC.10/
				Rev. 4, The UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods,
				Manual of Tests and Criteria, Fourth Revised Edition, 2003.
B.15.3.2 Self-accelerating decomposition temperature
				(SADT) must be determined in accordance with the UN ST/ SG/AC.10/Rev.
				4, The UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual
				of Tests and Criteria, Fourth Revised Edition, 2003, Part II, section
				28.
B.15.3.3 Mixtures of organic peroxides may be
				classified as the same type of organic peroxide as that of the most
				dangerous ingredient. However, as two stable ingredients can form a
				thermally less stable mixture, the SADT of the mixture must be
				determined.
B.16 CORROSIVE TO METALS
B.16.1 Definition
A chemical which is corrosive to metals means a
				chemical which by chemical action will materially damage, or even
				destroy, metals.
B.16.2 Classification criteria
A chemical which is corrosive to metals must be
				classified in a single category for this class, using the test in
				Part III, sub-section 37.4 of the UN ST/SG/AC.10/Rev. 4, The UN
				Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests
				and Criteria, Fourth Revised Edition, 2003, in accordance with Table
				B.16.1:
TABLE B.16.1-CRITERIA FOR CHEMICALS CORROSIVE
				TO METAL
Category
Criteria
1
Corrosion rate on either steel or aluminium
						surfaces exceeding 6.25 mm per year at a test temperature of 55°C
						(131°F) when tested on both materials.
NOTE: Where an initial test on either steel or
				aluminium indicates the chemical being tested is corrosive the
				follow-up test on the other metal is not necessary.
B.16.3 Additional classification
				considerations
The specimen to be used for the test must be made of
				the following materials:
(a) For the purposes of testing steel, steel types
				S235JR+CR (1.0037 resp.St 37-2), S275J2G3+CR (1.0144 resp.St 44-3),
				ISO 3574, Unified Numbering System (UNS) G 10200, or SAE 1020;
(b) For the purposes of testing aluminium: non-clad
				types 7075-T6 or AZ5GU-T6.
Reviser's note:
The brackets and
				enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the
				copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the
				requirements of
				RCW  34.08.040.
Statutory Authority:
				  RCW  49.17.010,
				  49.17.040,
				  49.17.050,
				  49.17.060 and  29 C.F.R.
				  1910  Subpart Z. 13-06-050, § 296-901-14024, filed 3/5/13,
				  effective 4/15/13.
Reviser's note:
The brackets and
				  enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the
				  copy filed by the agency.