Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 200-299 - Environmental Protection Wisconsin Pollutant Discharge Elimination System › Chapter NR 273 - Nonferrous metals forming and metal powders › Section NR 273.003 - General definitions

Current through June 24, 2024
In addition to the definitions set forth in ss.
				  NR
				  205.03,
				  205.04, and
				  211.03, the following definitions
				  apply to the terms used in this chapter:
(1) "Alkaline cleaning" means the removal of
				lard, oil, and other compounds from a metal surface by a solution bath, usually
				detergent, followed by a rinse or multiple stage rinsing.
(2) "Aluminum alloy" means an alloy in which
				aluminum is the major constituent in percent by weight.
(3) "Ancillary operation" means an operation
				performed as an integral part of the forming, such as casting for subsequent
				forming, heat treatment, surface treatment, alkaline cleaning, solvent
				degreasing, product testing, surface coating, sawing, grinding, tumbling,
				burnishing, and wet air pollution control.
(4) "Atomization" means the process by which
				a stream of water or gas impinges upon a molten metal stream, breaking it into
				droplets which solidify as powder particles.
(5) "Beryllium alloy" means an alloy in which
				beryllium is present at 0.1 % or greater.
(6) "Burnishing" means a surface finishing
				process in which minute surface irregularities are displaced rather than
				removed.
(7) "Casting" means
				pouring molten metal into a mold to produce an object of the desired
				shape.
(8) "Cladding" means the art
				of producing a composite metal containing 2 or more layers which have been
				metallurgically bonded together by roll bonding, solder application, or
				explosion bonding.
(9) "Contact
				cooling water" means wastewater which contacts the metal workpiece or the raw
				materials used in forming metals for the purpose of removing heat from the
				metal.
(10) "Continuous casting"
				means the production of sheet, rod, or other long shapes by solidifying the
				metal while it is being poured through an open ended mold.
(11) "Copper alloy" means an alloy in which
				copper is the major constituent by weight, except any copper-precious metal
				alloy containing 30% by weight or greater precious metal is a precious metal
				alloy.
(12) "Degreasing" means the
				removal of oils and greases from the surface of the metal workpiece by
				detergents as in alkaline cleaning or by the use of solvents.
(13) "Direct chill casting" means an
				operation in which molten nonferrous metal is poured into a water cooled mold,
				contact cooling water is sprayed on the metal as it is dropped into the mold,
				and the metal ingot falls into a water bath at the end of the casting
				process.
(14) "Forming" means a set
				of manufacturing operations in which metals and alloys are made into
				semifinished products by hot or cold working, such as hot and cold rolling,
				extruding, forging, drawing, swaging, cladding, and tube reducing.
(15) "Drawing" means the process of pulling a
				metal through dies or succession of dies to reduce the metal's diameter or
				alter its cross sectional shape.
(16) "Dye penetrant testing" means a
				nondestructive method for finding discontinuities that are open to the surface
				of the metal in which a dye is applied to the surface of the metal and the
				excess is rinsed off so that the dye which penetrates the surface is not rinsed
				off and thus marks the discontinuities.
(17) "Emulsion" means a stable dispersion of
				2 immiscible liquids, usually oil and water.
(18) "Electrocoating" means the
				electrodeposition of a metallic or nonmetallic coating onto the surface of a
				workpiece.
(19) "Existing source"
				means any point source from which pollutants may be discharged either directly
				into the waters of the state or into a POTW, except a new source as defined in
				sub. (30).
(20) "Extrusion" means
				the application of pressure to a billet of metal which forces the metal to flow
				through a die orifice.
(21)
				"Forging" means deforming a usually hot metal with compressive force into a
				desired shape, with or without dies, but where dies are used the metal is
				forced to take the shape of the die.
(22) "Grinding" means processes, such as
				surface finishing, sanding and slicing, in which stock is removed from a
				workpiece by the use of a tool consisting of abrasive grains held by a rigid or
				semirigid grinder.
(23) "Heat
				treatment" means the application of heat of a specified temperature and
				duration to change the physical properties of the metal.
(24) "Hot pressing" means the forming of a
				powder metallurgy compact at a temperature high enough to effect concurrent
				sintering.
(25) "Hydrotesting"
				means the testing of piping or tubing by filling with water and pressurizing to
				test for integrity.
(26)
				"Impregnation" means the process of filling the pores of a formed powder part,
				usually with a liquid such as a lubricant, or mixing particles of a nonmetallic
				substance in a matrix of metal powder.
(27) "Metal powder production" means
				mechanical process operations which convert metal to a finely divided
				form.
(28) "Milling" means the
				mechanical treatment of a nonferrous metal to produce a powder or to coat one
				component of a powder mixture with another.
(29) "Neat oil" means a pure oil, with no or
				few impurities added, used mostly as a lubricant.
(30) "New source" means any point source for
				which construction commenced after March 4, 1984, and from which pollutants may
				be discharged either directly into waters of the state or into a
				POTW.
(31) "Nonferrous metal" means
				any pure metal other than iron and any metal alloy for which a metal other than
				iron is the alloy's major constituent in percent by weight.
(32) "Off-kg" and "off-lb" mean the mass of
				metal or metal alloy removed from a forming operation at the end of a process
				cycle for transfer to a different machine or process.
(33) "Powder forming" means forming and
				compressing powder into a fully dense finished shape, usually within closed
				dies.
(34) "Precious metals" means
				gold, platinum, palladium, and silver and any alloy containing 30% or more by
				weight of these metals.
(35)
				"Product testing" means operations such as dye penetrant testing, hydrotesting,
				and ultrasonic testing.
(36)
				"Refractory metals" means the metals columbium, tantalum, molybdenum, rhenium,
				tungsten, and vanadium and their alloys.
(37) "Rolling" means the reduction in
				thickness or diameter of a workpiece by passing it between lubricated steel
				rollers.
(38) "Roll bonding" means
				the process by which a permanent bond is created between 2 metals by rolling
				under high pressure in a bonding mill.
(39) "Sawing" means cutting a workpiece with
				a band, blade, or circular disc having teeth.
(40) "Shot casting" means the production of
				shot by pouring molten metal in finely divided streams to form spherical
				particles.
(41) "Stationary
				casting" means the pouring of molten metal into molds and allowing the metal to
				cool.
(42) "Surface treatment"
				means a chemical or electrochemical treatment applied to the surface of a
				metal, such as pickling, etching, conversion coating, phosphating, and
				chromating, and any rinse or multiple stage rinsing which follows.
(43) "Swaging" means a process in which a
				solid point is formed at the end of a tube, rod, or bar by the repeated blows
				of one or more pairs of opposing dies.
(44) "Tube reducing" means an operation which
				reduces the diameter and wall thickness of tubing with a mandrel and a pair of
				rolls with tapered grooves.
(45)
				"Tumbling" means an operation in which castings, forgings, or parts pressed
				from metal powder are rotated in a barrel with ceramic or metal slugs or
				abrasives to remove scale, fins, or burrs, either dry or with an aqueous
				solution.
(46) "Ultrasonic testing"
				means a nondestructive test in which sound at a frequency above 20 Hz is
				applied to metal which has been immersed in a liquid, usually water, to locate
				inhomogeneities or structural discontinuities.
(47) "Wet air pollution control scrubbers"
				means air pollution control devices used to remove particulates and fumes from
				the air by entraining the pollutants in water spray.