Wisconsin Administrative Code › Department of Natural Resources › NR 600-699 - Environmental Protection - Hazardous Waste Management › Chapter NR 668 - Hazardous Waste Land Disposal Restrictions › Subchapter D - Treatment Standards › Section NR 668.42 - Treatment standards expressed as specified technologies

Current through June 24, 2024
Note: For the requirements previously found in Table
					 2-Technology-Based Standards By RCRA Waste Code and Table 3-Technology- Based
					 Standards for Specific Radioactive Hazardous Mixed Waste, refer to s.
					 NR
					 668.40.
(1)
				  In the table entitled Treatment Standards for Hazardous Wastes, in s.
				  NR
				  668.40, wastes for which standards are expressed as a
				  treatment method rather than a concentration level, must be treated using the
				  technology or technologies specified in the table entitled Technology Codes and
				  Description of Technology-Based Standards.
Table 1
Technology Codes and Description of Technology-Based
					 Standards
Technology code
Description of technology-based standards
ADGAS:
Venting of compressed gases into an absorbing or
								  reacting media (i.e., solid or liquid)-venting can be accomplished through
								  physical release utilizing valves or piping; physical penetration of the
								  container; or penetration through detonation.
AMLGM:
Amalgamation of liquid, elemental mercury
								  contaminated with radioactive materials utilizing inorganic reagents such as
								  copper, zinc, nickel, gold, and sulfur that result in a nonliquid, semi-solid
								  amalgam and thereby reducing potential emissions of elemental mercury vapors to
								  the air.
BIODG:
Biodegradation of organics or non-metallic
								  inorganics (i.e., degradable inorganics that contain the elements of
								  phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur) in units operated under either aerobic or
								  anaerobic conditions such that a surrogate compound or indicator parameter has
								  been substantially reduced in concentration in the residuals (e.g., total
								  organic carbon can often be used as an indicator parameter for the
								  biodegradation of many organic constituents that cannot be directly analyzed in
								  wastewater residues).
CARBN:
Carbon adsorption (granulated or powdered) of
								  non-metallic inorganics, organo-metallics, or organic constituents, operated
								  such that a surrogate compound or indicator parameter has not undergone
								  breakthrough (e.g., total organic carbon can often be used as an indicator
								  parameter for the adsorption of many organic constituents that cannot be
								  directly analyzed in wastewater residues). Breakthrough occurs when the carbon
								  has become saturated with the constituent (or indicator parameter) and
								  substantial change in adsorption rate associated with that constituent
								  occurs.
CHOXD:
Chemical or electrolytic oxidation utilizing the
								  following oxidation reagents (or waste reagents) or combinations of reagents:
								  (1) Hypochlorite (e.g., bleach); (2) chlorine; (3) chlorine dioxide; (4) ozone
								  or UV (ultraviolet light) assisted ozone; (5) peroxides; (6) persulfates; (7)
								  perchlorates; (8) permangantes; or (9) other oxidizing reagents of equivalent
								  efficiency, performed in units operated such that a surrogate compound or
								  indicator parameter has been substantially reduced in concentration in the
								  residuals (e.g., total organic carbon can often be used as an indicator
								  parameter for the oxidation of many organic constituents that cannot be
								  directly analyzed in wastewater residues). Chemical oxidation specifically
								  includes what is commonly referred to as alkaline chlorination.
CHRED:
Chemical reduction utilizing the following
								  reducing reagents (or waste reagents) or combinations of reagents: (1) Sulfur
								  dioxide; (2) sodium, potassium, or alkali salts or sulfites, bisulfites,
								  metabisulfites, and polyethylene glycols (e.g., NaPEG and KPEG); (3) sodium
								  hydrosulfide; (4) ferrous salts; or (5) other reducing reagents of equivalent
								  efficiency, performed in units operated such that a surrogate compound or
								  indicator parameter has been substantially reduced in concentration in the
								  residuals (e.g., total organic halogens can often be used as an indicator
								  parameter for the reduction of many halogenated organic constituents that
								  cannot be directly analyzed in waste-water residues). Chemical reduction is
								  commonly used for the reduction of hexavalent chromium to the trivalent
								  state.
CMBST:
High temperature organic destruction
								  technologies, such as combustion in incinerators, boilers, or industrial
								  furnaces operated in accordance with the applicable requirements of subch. O of
								  ch. NR 664 or 665, or subch. H of ch. NR 666, and in other units operated in
								  accordance with applicable technical operating requirements; and certain
								  non-combustive technologies, such as the catalytic extraction process.
DEACT:
Deactivation to remove the hazardous
								  characteristics of a waste due to its ignitability, corrosivity, or
								  reactivity.
FSUBS:
Fuel substitution in units operated in accordance
								  with applicable technical operating requirements.
HLVIT:
Vitrification of high level mixed radioactive
								  wastes in units in compliance with all applicable radioactive protection
								  requirements under control of the nuclear regulatory commission.
IMERC:
Incineration of wastes containing organics and
								  mercury in units operated according to the technical operating requirements of
								  subch. O of ch. NR 664 and 665. All wastewater and nonwastewater residues
								  derived from this process shall then comply with the corresponding treatment
								  standards per waste code with consideration of any applicable subcategories
								  (e.g., high or low mercury subcategories).
INCIN:
Incineration in units operated in accordance with
								  the technical operating requirements of subch. O of ch. NR 664 and 665.
LLEXT:
Liquid-liquid extraction (often referred to as
								  solvent extraction) of organics from liquid wastes into an immiscible solvent
								  for which the hazardous constituents have a greater solvent affinity, resulting
								  in an extract high in organics that shall undergo either incineration, reuse as
								  a fuel, or other recovery or reuse and a raffinate (extracted liquid waste)
								  proportionately low in organics that shall undergo further treatment as
								  specified in the standard.
MACRO:
Macroencapsulation with surface coating materials
								  such as polymeric organics (e.g., resins and plastics) or with a jacket of
								  inert inorganic materials to substantially reduce surface exposure to potential
								  leaching media. Macroencapsulation specifically does not include any material
								  that would be classified as a tank or container according to s.
								  NR
								  660.10.
NEUTR:
Neutralization with the following reagents (or
								  waste reagents) or combinations of reagents: (1) acids; (2) bases; or (3) water
								  (including wastewaters) resulting in a pH greater than 2 but less than 12.5 as
								  measured in the aqueous residuals.
NLDBR:
No land disposal based on recycling.
POLYM:
Formation of complex high-molecular weight solids
								  through polymerization of monomers in high-TOC D001 non-wastewaters which are
								  chemical components in the manufacture of plastics.
PRECP:
Chemical precipitation of metals and other
								  inorganics as insoluble precipitates of oxides, hydroxides, carbonates,
								  sulfides, sulfates, chlorides, fluorides, or phosphates. The following reagents
								  (or waste reagents) are typically used alone or in combination: (1) lime (i.e.,
								  containing oxides or hydroxides of calcium or magnesium; (2) caustic (i.e.,
								  sodium or potassium hydroxides; (3) soda ash (i.e., sodium carbonate); (4)
								  sodium sulfide; (5) ferric sulfate or ferric chloride; (6) alum; or (7) sodium
								  sulfate. Additional floculating, coagulation or similar reagents or processes
								  that enhance sludge dewatering characteristics are not precluded from
								  use.
RBERY:
Thermal recovery of beryllium.
RCGAS:
Recovery or reuse of compressed gases including
								  techniques such as reprocessing of the gases for reuse or resale; filtering or
								  adsorption of impurities; remixing for direct reuse or resale; and use of the
								  gas as a fuel source.
RCORR:
Recovery of acids or bases utilizing one or more
								  of the following recovery technologies: (1) distillation (i.e., thermal
								  concentration); (2) ion exchange; (3) resin or solid adsorption; (4) reverse
								  osmosis; or (5) incineration for the recovery of acid-Note: this does not
								  preclude the use of other physical phase separation or concentration techniques
								  such as decantation, filtration (including ultrafiltration), and
								  centrifugation, when used in conjunction with the above listed recovery
								  technologies.
RLEAD:
Thermal recovery of lead in secondary lead
								  smelters.
RMERC:
Retorting or roasting in a thermal processing
								  unit capable of volatilizing mercury and subsequently condensing the
								  volatilized mercury for recovery. The retorting or roasting unit (or facility)
								  shall be subject to one or more of the following: (a) a National Emissions
								  Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for mercury; (b) a Best
								  Available Control Technology (BACT) or a Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER)
								  standard for mercury imposed pursuant to a Prevention of Significant
								  Deterioration (PSD) permit; or (c) a state permit that establishes emission
								  limitations (within meaning of section 302 of the Clean Air Act) for mercury.
								  All wastewater and nonwastewater residues derived from this process shall then
								  comply with the corresponding treatment standards per waste code with
								  consideration of any applicable subcategories (e.g., high or low mercury
								  subcategories).
RMETL:
Recovery of metals or inorganics utilizing one or
								  more of the following direct physical or removal technologies: (1) ion
								  exchange; (2) resin or solid (i.e., zeolites) adsorption; (3) reverse osmosis;
								  (4) chelation or solvent extraction; (5) freeze crystalization; (6)
								  ultrafiltration and/or (7) simple precipitation (i.e., crystalization)-Note:
								  This does not preclude the use of other physical phase separation or
								  concentration techniques such as decantation, filtration (including
								  ultrafiltration), and centrifugation, when used in conjunction with the above
								  listed recovery technologies.
RORGS:
Recovery of organics utilizing one or more of the
								  following technologies: (1) distillation; (2) thin film evaporation; (3) steam
								  stripping; (4) carbon adsorption; (5) critical fluid extraction; (6)
								  liquid-liquid extraction; (7) precipitation or crystallization (including
								  freeze crystallization); or (8) chemical phase separation techniques (i.e.,
								  addition of acids, bases, demulsifiers, or similar chemicals);-Note: this does
								  not preclude the use of other physical phase separation techniques such as a
								  decantation, filtration (including ultrafiltration), and centrifugation, when
								  used in conjunction with the above listed recovery technologies.
RTHRM:
Thermal recovery of metals or inorganics from
								  nonwastewaters in units identified as industrial furnaces according to s.
								  NR
								  660.10(a), (f), (g), (k) and (L)
								  under the definition of "industrial furnaces".
RZINC:
Resmelting in high temperature metal recovery
								  units for the purpose of recovery of zinc.
STABL:
Stabilization with the following reagents (or
								  waste reagents) or combinations of reagents: (1) Portland cement; or (2)
								  lime/pozzolans (e.g., fly ash and cement kiln dust)-this does not preclude the
								  addition of reagents (e.g., iron salts, silicates, and clays) designed to
								  enhance the set/cure time or compressive strength, or to overall reduce the
								  leachability of the metal or inorganic.
SSTRP:
Steam stripping of organics from liquid wastes
								  utilizing direct application of steam to the wastes operated such that liquid
								  and vapor flow rates, as well as, temperature and pressure ranges have been
								  optimized, monitored, and maintained. These operating parameters are dependent
								  upon the design parameters of the unit such as, the number of separation stages
								  and the internal column design. Thus, resulting in a condensed extract high in
								  organics that shall undergo either incineration, reuse as a fuel, or other
								  recovery or reuse and an extracted wastewater that shall undergo further
								  treatment as specified in the standard.
WETOX:
Wet air oxidation performed in units operated
								  such that a surrogate compound or indicator parameter has been substantially
								  reduced in concentration in the residuals (e.g., total organic carbon can often
								  be used as an indicator parameter for the oxidation of many organic
								  constituents that cannot be directly analyzed in wastewater residues).
WTRRX:
Controlled reaction with water for highly
								  reactive inorganic or organic chemicals with precautionary controls for
								  protection of workers from potential violent reactions as well as precautionary
								  controls for potential emissions of toxic or ignitable levels of gases released
								  during the reaction.
Note: When more than one technology (or treatment train)
					 are specified as alternative treatment standards, the 5 letter technology codes
					 (or the treatment trains) are separated by a semicolon (;) with the last
					 technology preceded by the word "OR". This indicates that any one of these BDAT
					 technologies or treatment trains can be used for compliance with the
					 standard.
(2) Any person
				  may submit an application to the EPA Administrator demonstrating that an
				  alternative treatment method can achieve a measure of performance equivalent to
				  that achieved by methods specified in subs. (1) , (3) and (4) for wastes, or
				  specified in Table 1 for hazardous debris. The applicant shall submit
				  information demonstrating that the treatment method is in compliance with
				  federal, state and local requirements and is protective of human health and the
				  environment. On the basis of this information and any other available
				  information, the EPA Administrator may approve the use of the alternative
				  treatment method if the EPA Administrator finds that the alternative treatment
				  method provides a measure of performance equivalent to that achieved by methods
				  specified in subs. (1), (3) and (4) for wastes or in s.
				  NR
				  668.45, Table 1 for hazardous debris. The department
				  shall accept any written determination issued by the EPA Administrator unless
				  the department determines that the approved alternative method cannot achieve a
				  measure of performance equivalent to that achieved by methods specified in
				  subs. (1) , (3) and (4) for wastes, or specified in Table 1 for hazardous
				  debris.
(3) As an alternative to
				  the treatment standards required in subch. D, lab packs may be land disposed
				  provided all of the following requirements are met:
(a) The lab packs comply with s.
				  NR
				  664.0316 and s.
				  NR
				  665.0316.
(b) The lab packs do not contain any of the
				  wastes listed in ch. NR 668 Appendix IV.
(c) The lab packs are incinerated in
				  accordance with the requirements of subch. O of ch. NR 664 or subch. O of ch.
				  NR 665.
(d) Any incinerator
				  residues from lab packs containing D004, D005, D006, D007, D008, D010, and D011
				  are treated in compliance with the applicable treatment standards specified for
				  the wastes in subch. D.