Virginia Administrative Code › Title 12 - HEALTH › Agency 5 - DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH › Chapter 590 - WATERWORKS REGULATIONS › Section 12VAC5-590-340 - Compliance standards

Current through Register Vol. 40, No. 24, July 15, 2024
A. All
				physical, chemical, bacteriological, or radiological analyses for the purpose
				of demonstrating compliance with the requirements of this chapter shall be
				performed by laboratories that have received certification by EPA or DCLS as
				specified in 12VAC5-590-440. The owner is responsible for the collection and
				submission of all samples. The department may require sampling and testing that
				exceeds the minimal requirements specified in this chapter. A sample is deemed
				to have been collected only when its results are made known to the
				department.
B. Specific limits. No
				attempt has been made to prescribe specific limits for every contaminant that
				might occur in a water supply or a waterworks. Although the need exists for
				continued attention to the entry of chemical, physical, bacteriological, and
				radiological substances into drinking water, the limits are confined to
				substances recognized as being detrimental to the health or well-being of the
				consumer or that cause significant degradation of the usefulness of the water.
				Limits for innumerable substances would require an impossible burden of
				analytical examination. The specific limits included in this chapter are listed
				in Tables 340.1 through 340.7.
C.
				Compliance is determined:
1. Based on sample
				results or calculated averages, where appropriate, rounded to the same number
				of significant figures as the PMCL, SMCL, AL, or MRDL of the contaminant in
				question, or
2. By the application
				of the specific treatment technique for particular contaminants (see
				12VAC5-590-391).
TABLE 340.1
Inorganic Chemicals
SUBSTANCE
PMCL (mg/L)
Antimony
0.006
Arsenic
0.010a
Asbestos
7 million fibers/liter (longer than 10
							 µm)
Barium
2
Beryllium
0.004
Cadmium
0.005
Chromium
0.1
Cyanide (as free Cyanide)
0.2
Fluoride
4.0b
Mercury
0.002
Nickel
No limits designated
Nitrate (as N)
10c
Nitrite (as N)
1.0c
Total Nitrate and Nitrite (as N)
10c
Selenium
0.05
Thallium
0.002
SUBSTANCE
SECONDARY MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVEL
							 (mg/L)
Aluminum
0.05-0.2d
Chloride
250c
Copper
1.0
Corrosivity
Noncorrosive
Fluoride
2.0
Foaming agents
0.5e
Iron
0.3
Manganese
0.05
Silver
0.1
Sodium
No limits
							 designatedf
Sulfate
250c
Zinc
5
SUBSTANCE
ACTION LEVEL (mg/L)
Lead
0.015
Copper
1.3
aArsenic sampling results
							 shall be reported to the nearest 0.001 mg/L.
bThe fluoride PMCL applies
							 only to community waterworks.
cSignificant figures are
							 noted as shown. For values with trailing zeros, significant figures are noted
							 as shown. The limits for nitrate and nitrate-nitrite have two significant
							 figures. The limits for chloride and sulfate have three significant
							 figures.
dVarying water quality and
							 treatment situations necessitates a flexible range for the aluminum SMCL. The
							 owner is encouraged to maintain an aluminum concentration as low as possible.
							 If the aluminum concentration in the finished water causes discoloration, then
							 the owner is urged to contact the department.
eConcentrations reported
							 in terms of Methylene Blue Active Substances.
fMonitoring and reporting
							 in accordance with 40 CFR 141. 41 and 12VAC5-590-372 D 6.
TABLE 340.2
Organic Chemicals
SUBSTANCE
PMCL (mg/L)
VOC
Benzene
0.005
Carbon tetrachloride
0.005
Chlorobenzene (also called
							 Monochlorobenzene)
0.1
o-Dichlorobenzene
0.6
p-Dichlorobenzene
0.075
1,2-Dichloroethane (also called Ethylene
							 dichloride)
0.005
1,1-Dichloroethylene (also called
							 Dichloroethene)
0.007
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
0.07
Trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
0.1
Dichloromethane (also called Methylene
							 chloride)
0.005
1,2-Dichloropropane
0.005
Ethylbenzene
0.7
Styrene
0.1
Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) (also called
							 Perchloroethylene)
0.005
Toluene
1
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
0.07
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
0.2
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
0.005
Trichloroethylene (TCE)
0.005
Vinyl Chloride
0.002
Xylene (total)
10a
SOC
Acrylamide
TTb
Alachlor (also called Lasso)
0.002
Atrazine
0.003
Benzo(a)pyrene
0.0002
Carbofuran
0.04
Chlordane
0.002
Dalapon
0.2
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (also called
							 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)adipate)
0.4
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (also called
							 Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate)
0.006
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP)
0.0002
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
							 (2,4-D)
0.07
Dinoseb
0.007
Diquat
0.02
Endothall
0.1
Endrin
0.002
Epichlorohydrin
TTb
Ethylene dibromide (EDB) (also called
							 1,2-Dibromoethane)
0.00005
Glyphosate
0.7
Heptachlor
0.0004
Heptachlor epoxide
0.0002
Hexachlorobenzene
0.001
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
0.05
Lindane (also called gamma-HCH and gamma
							 BHC)
0.0002
Methoxychlor
0.04
Oxamyl (Vydate)
0.2
Pentachlorophenol(PCP)
0.001
Picloram
0.5
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
0.0005
Simazine
0.004
2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin)
3 X 10-8
Toxaphene
0.003
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxypropionic Acid (2,4,5-TP or
							 Silvex)
0.05
aThe limit for xylene has
							 two significant figures.
bEach waterworks must
							 certify annually to the department that when acrylamide and epichlorohydrin are
							 used to treat water, the combination (or product) of dose and monomer level
							 does not exceed the levels specified as follows: (i) acrylamide = 0.05% dosed
							 at 1 mg/L (or equivalent) and (ii) epichlorohydrin = 0.01% dosed at 20 mg/L (or
							 equivalent). The certification shall be in writing, using third-party
							 certification approved by the department or the manufacturer's
							 certification.
TABLE 340.3
Physical Quality
PARAMETER
STANDARD
CONCENTRATION
Color
SMCL
15 Color Units (CU)
Odor
SMCL
3 Threshold odor numbers
pH
SMCL
6.5-8.5
Total dissolved solids (TDS)
SMCL
500 mg/La
Turbidity
Treatment
Technique
See 12VAC5-590-395 A 2
bb
aTDS has three significant
							 figures.
bOperational goal: Surface
							 water treatment plants with gravity flow granular media filters are capable of
							 producing filtered water with a turbidity consistently less than 0.10 NTU.
							 Therefore, for water treatment plants, the operational goal for filter effluent
							 turbidity for each filter, before any post-filtration chemical addition, is
							 0.10 NTU.
TABLE 340.4
Radiological Quality
PARAMETER
PMCL
Combined radium-226 and radium-228.
5 pCi/L
Gross alpha particle activity (excluding Radon and
							 Uranium)
15 pCi/L
Beta particle and photon
							 radioactivity.
4 mrem/yra, b
Uranium
30 µg/Lc
aThe average annual
							 concentration of beta particle and photon radioactivity from man-made
							 radionuclides in drinking water shall not produce an annual dose equivalent to
							 the total body or any internal organ greater than 4 mrem/year.
bExcept for the
							 radionuclides listed in Schedule I, the concentration of man-made radionuclides
							 causing 4 mrem total body or organ dose equivalents shall be calculated on the
							 basis of a 2 liter per day drinking water intake using the 168-hour data listed
							 in "Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible Concentrations of
							 Radionuclides in Air and in Water for Occupational Exposure," NBS Handbook 69
							 issued June 5, 1959, and amended August 1963, U.S. Department of Commerce. If
							 two or more radionuclides are present, the sum of their annual dose equivalent
							 to the total body or to any organ shall not exceed 4 mrem/year.
cThe limit for uranium has
							 two significant figures.
Schedule 1
Average annual concentrations assumed to produce a
							 total body organ dose of 4 mrem/year.
RADIONUCLIDE
CRITICAL ORGAN
pCi/L
Tritium
Total Body
20,000d
Strontium-90
Bone Marrow
8
dThe limit for tritium has
							 five significant figures.
TABLE 340.5
Microbial Contaminants
CONTAMINANT
PMCL or TT
Cryptosporidium
TT
Minimum 99% (2-log) removal plus additional log
							 removal or inactivation based upon bin classification in 12VAC5-590-401
							 D.
Giardia lamblia
TT
99.9% (3-log) removal or inactivation.
Viruses
TT
99.99% (4-log) removal or inactivation
Legionella
TT
No limit, but if Giardia lamblia and viruses are
							 removed or inactivated, according to the treatment techniques in
							 12VAC5-590-395, Legionella will also be controlled.
Heterotrophic plate count (HPC)
TT
No more than 500 bacterial colonies per milliliter.
							 (HPC is not a contaminant, it is an analytic method used to measure a variety
							 of bacteria found in water.)
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
PMCL
(1) Any E. coli-positive repeat sample following a
							 total coliform-positive routine sample.
(2) Total coliform-positive repeat sample following
							 an E. coli-positive routine sample.
(3) Failure to collect all require repeat samples
							 following an E. coli-positive routine sample.
(4) Failure to test for E. coli when any repeat
							 sample tests positive for total coliform.
TABLE 340.6
Disinfection Byproducts
PARAMETER
PMCL (mg/L)
TTHM
Bromodichloromethane
Bromoform
Chloroform
Dibromochloromethane
0.080a
HAA5
Bromoacetic acid
Dibromoacetic acid
Dichloroacetic acid
Monochloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic acid
0.060a
Bromate
0.010a
Chlorite
1.0a
aThe limits for TTHM,
							 HAA5, and bromate have three significant figures. The limit for chlorite has
							 two significant figures.
TABLE 340.7
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level
							 Goals (MRDLG) and Maximum Residual Disinfectant Levels (MRDL) for
							 Disinfectants
RESIDUAL DISINFECTANT
MRDL (mg/L)
Chlorine
4.0 (as
							 Cl2)a
Chloramines
4.0 (as
							 Cl2)a
Chlorine Dioxide
0.8 (as ClO2)
aChlorine and chloramines
							 have two significant figures.