Virginia Administrative Code › Title 9 - ENVIRONMENT › Agency 25 - STATE WATER CONTROL BOARD › Chapter 32 - VIRGINIA POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM (VPDES) PERMIT REGULATION › Part IX - Biosolids Program › Article 4 - Pathogen and Vector Attraction Reduction › Section 9VAC25-32-675 - Pathogens

Current through Register Vol. 40, No. 24, July 15, 2024
A.
					 Biosolids - Class A.
1. The requirement in
					 subdivision 2 of this subsection and the requirements in either subdivision 3,
					 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 of this subsection shall be met for biosolids to be classified
					 as Class A biosolids with respect to pathogens.
2. The Class A pathogen requirements in
					 subdivisions 3 through 8 of this subsection shall be met either prior to
					 meeting or at the same time the vector attraction reduction requirements in
					 9VAC25-32-685,
					 except the vector attraction reduction requirements in
					 9VAC25-32-685
					 B 6 through B 8, are met.
3. Class
					 A - Alternative 1.
a. Either the density of
					 fecal coliform in the biosolids shall be less than 1,000 Most Probable Number
					 per gram of total solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella sp.
					 bacteria in the biosolids shall be less than three Most Probable Number per
					 four grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids is used
					 or disposed; at the time the biosolids is prepared for sale or giveaway in a
					 bag or other container for application to the land; or at the time the
					 biosolids or material derived from biosolids is prepared to meet the ceiling
					 concentrations in
					 9VAC25-32-356
					 Table 2, the pollutant concentrations in
					 9VAC25-32-356
					 Table 4, the Class A pathogen requirements in subsection A of this section, and
					 one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in
					 9VAC25-32-685
					 B 1 through B 8.
b. The temperature
					 of the sewage sludge that is used as biosolids or disposed shall be maintained
					 at a specific value for a period of time.
(1)
					 When the percent solids of the sewage sludge is 7.0% or higher, the temperature
					 of the sewage sludge shall be 50°C or higher, the time period shall be 20
					 minutes or longer; and the temperature and time period shall be determined
					 using equation (1), except when small particles of sewage sludge are heated by
					 either warmed gases or an immiscible liquid.
EQUATION (1)
D =
								  131,700,000/100.1400t
D = time in days
t = temperature in degrees Celsius
(2) When the percent solids of the sewage
					 sludge is 7.0% or higher and small particles of sewage sludge are heated by
					 either warmed gases or an immiscible liquid, the temperature of the sewage
					 sludge shall be 50°C or higher; the time period shall be 15 seconds or
					 longer; and the temperature and time period shall be determined using equation
					 (1).
(3) When the percent solids of
					 the sewage sludge is less than 7.0% and the time period is at least 15 seconds,
					 but less than 30 minutes, the temperature and time period shall be determined
					 using equation (1).
(4) When the
					 percent solids of the sewage sludge is less than 7.0%, the temperature of the
					 sewage sludge is 50°C or higher; and the time period is 30 minutes or
					 longer; the temperature and time period shall be determined using equation (2).
EQUATION (2)
D =
								  50,070,000/100.1400t
D = time in days
t = temperature in degrees Celsius
4. Class A - Alternative 2.
a. Either the density of fecal coliform in
					 the biosolids shall be less than 1,000 Most Probable Number per gram of total
					 solids (dry weight basis) or the density of Salmonella sp. bacteria in the
					 biosolids shall be less than three Most Probable Number per four grams of total
					 solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids is used or disposed; at the
					 time the biosolids is prepared for sale or giveaway in a bag or other container
					 for application to the land; or at the time the biosolids or material derived
					 from biosolids is prepared to meet the ceiling concentrations in
					 9VAC25-32-356
					 Table 2; the pollutant concentrations in
					 9VAC25-32-356
					 Table 4; the Class A pathogen requirements in subsection A of this section, and
					 one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in
					 9VAC25-32-685
					 B 1 through B 8.
b. The pH and
					 temperature of the sewage sludge that is used as biosolids or disposed shall be
					 maintained at specific values for a period of time.
(1) The pH of the sewage sludge that is used
					 as biosolids or disposed shall be raised to above 12 and shall remain above 12
					 for 72 hours;
(2) The temperature
					 of the sewage sludge shall be above 52°C for 12 hours or longer during the
					 period that the pH of the sewage sludge is above 12; and
(3) At the end of the 72-hour period during
					 which the pH of the sewage sludge is above 12, the sewage sludge shall be air
					 dried to achieve a percent solids in the sewage sludge greater than
					 50%.
5. Class
					 A - Alternative 3.
a. Either the density of
					 fecal coliform in the biosolids shall be less than 1,000 Most Probable Number
					 per gram of total solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella sp.
					 bacteria in biosolids shall be less than three Most Probable Number per four
					 grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids is used or
					 disposed; at the time the biosolids is prepared for sale or giveaway in a bag
					 or other container for application to the land; or at the time the biosolids or
					 material derived from biosolids is prepared to meet the ceiling concentrations
					 in
					 9VAC25-32-356
					 Table 2; the pollutant concentrations in
					 9VAC25-32-356
					 Table 4; the Class A pathogen requirements in subsection A of this section; and
					 one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in
					 9VAC25-32-685
					 B 1 through B 8.
b. The sewage
					 sludge shall be analyzed prior to pathogen treatment to determine whether the
					 sewage sludge contains enteric viruses.
(1)
					 When the density of enteric viruses in the sewage sludge prior to pathogen
					 treatment is less than one Plaque-forming Unit per four grams of total solids
					 (dry weight basis), the sewage sludge is Class A with respect to enteric
					 viruses until the next monitoring episode for the sewage sludge;
(2) When the density of enteric viruses in
					 the sewage sludge prior to pathogen treatment is equal to or greater than one
					 Plaque-forming Unit per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis), the
					 sewage sludge is Class A with respect to enteric viruses when the density of
					 enteric viruses in the sewage sludge after pathogen treatment is less than one
					 Plaque-forming Unit per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis) and when
					 the values or ranges of values for the operating parameters for the pathogen
					 treatment process that produces the biosolids that meets the enteric virus
					 density requirement are documented; and
(3) After the enteric virus reduction in
					 subdivision 5 b (2) of this subsection is demonstrated for the pathogen
					 treatment process, the biosolids continues to be Class A with respect to
					 enteric viruses when the values for the pathogen treatment process operating
					 parameters are consistent with the values or ranges of values documented in
					 subdivision 5 b (2) of this subsection.
c. The sewage sludge shall be analyzed prior
					 to pathogen treatment to determine whether the sewage sludge contains viable
					 helminth ova.
(1) When the density of viable
					 helminth ova in the sewage sludge prior to pathogen treatment is less than one
					 per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis), the sewage sludge is Class A
					 with respect to viable helminth ova until the next monitoring episode for the
					 sewage sludge.
(2) When the density
					 of viable helminth ova in the sewage sludge prior to pathogen treatment is
					 equal to or greater than one per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis),
					 the sewage sludge is Class A with respect to viable helminth ova when the
					 density of viable helminth ova in the sewage sludge after pathogen treatment is
					 less than one per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis) and when the
					 values or ranges of values for the operating parameters for the pathogen
					 treatment process that produces the sewage sludge that meets the viable
					 helminth ova density requirement are documented.
(3) After the viable helminth ova reduction
					 in subdivision 5 c (2) of this subsection is demonstrated for the pathogen
					 treatment process, the sewage sludge continues to be Class A with respect to
					 viable helminth ova when the values for the pathogen treatment process
					 operating parameters are consistent with the values or ranges of values
					 documented in subdivision 5 c (2) of this subsection.
6. Class A - Alternative 4.
a. Either the density of fecal coliform in
					 the biosolids shall be less than 1,000 Most Probable Number per gram of total
					 solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella sp. bacteria in the
					 biosolids shall be less than three Most Probable Number per four grams of total
					 solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids is used or disposed; at the
					 time the biosolids is prepared for sale or giveaway in a bag or other container
					 for application to the land; or at the time the biosolids or material derived
					 from biosolids is prepared to meet the ceiling concentrations in
					 9VAC25-32-356
					 Table 2; the pollutant concentrations in
					 9VAC25-32-356
					 Table 4; the Class A pathogen requirements in subsection A of this section; and
					 one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in
					 9VAC25-32-685
					 B 1 through B 8.
b. The density of
					 enteric viruses in the biosolids shall be less than one Plaque-forming Unit per
					 four grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids is used
					 or disposed; at the time the biosolids is prepared for sale or giveaway in a
					 bag or other container for application to the land; or at the time the
					 biosolids or material derived from biosolids is prepared to meet the ceiling
					 concentrations in
					 9VAC25-32-356
					 Table 2; the pollutant concentrations in
					 9VAC25-32-356
					 Table 4; the Class A pathogen requirements in subsection A of this section; and
					 one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in
					 9VAC25-32-685
					 B 1 through B 8, unless otherwise specified by the department.
c. The density of viable helminth ova in the
					 sewage sludge shall be less than one per four grams of total solids (dry weight
					 basis) at the time the biosolids is used or disposed; at the time the biosolids
					 is prepared for sale or giveaway in a bag or other container for application to
					 the land; or at the time the biosolids or material derived from biosolids is
					 prepared to meet the ceiling concentrations in
					 9VAC25-32-356
					 Table 2; the pollutant concentrations in
					 9VAC25-32-356
					 Table 4; the Class A pathogen requirements in subsection A of this section, and
					 one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in
					 9VAC25-32-685
					 B 1 through B 8, unless otherwise specified by the department.
7. Class A - Alternative 5.
a. Either the density of fecal coliform in
					 the biosolids shall be less than 1,000 Most Probable Number per gram of total
					 solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella sp. bacteria in the
					 biosolids shall be less than three Most Probable Number per four grams of total
					 solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids is used or disposed; at the
					 time the biosolids is prepared for sale or giveaway in a bag or other container
					 for application to the land; or at the time the biosolids or material derived
					 from biosolids is prepared to meet the ceiling concentrations in
					 9VAC25-32-356
					 Table 2; the pollutant concentrations in
					 9VAC25-32-356
					 Table 4; the Class A pathogen requirements in subsection A of this section; and
					 one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in
					 9VAC25-32-685
					 B 1 through B 8.
b. Biosolids that
					 is used or disposed shall be treated in one of the processes to further reduce
					 pathogens described in subsection E of this section.
8. Class A - Alternative 6.
a. Either the density of fecal coliform in
					 the biosolids shall be less than 1,000 Most Probable Number per gram of total
					 solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella sp. bacteria in the
					 biosolids shall be less than three Most Probable Number per four grams of total
					 solids (dry weight basis) at the time the biosolids is used or disposed; at the
					 time the biosolids is prepared for sale or giveaway in a bag or other container
					 for application to the land; or at the time the biosolids or material derived
					 from biosolids is prepared to meet the ceiling concentrations in
					 9VAC25-32-356
					 Table 2; the pollutant concentrations in
					 9VAC25-32-356
					 Table 4; the Class A pathogen requirements in subsection A of this section; and
					 one of the vector attraction reduction requirements in
					 9VAC25-32-685
					 B 1 through B 8.
b. Biosolids that
					 is used or disposed shall be treated in a process that is equivalent to a
					 process to further reduce pathogens, as determined by the department.