Virginia Administrative Code › Title 9 - ENVIRONMENT › Agency 5 - STATE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD › Chapter 40 - EXISTING STATIONARY SOURCES › Part II - Emission Standards › Article 46 - Emission Standards for Small Municipal Waste Combustors (Rule 4-46) › Section 9VAC5-40-6560 - Definitions

Current through Register Vol. 40, No. 24, July 15, 2024
A. For the purpose
					 of applying this article in the context of the Regulations for the Control and
					 Abatement of Air Pollution related uses, the words or terms shall have the
					 meanings given them in subsection C of this section.
B. As used in this article, all terms not
					 defined herein shall have the meanings given them in 9VAC5 Chapter 10, unless
					 otherwise required by context.
C.
					 Terms defined.
"Air curtain incinerator" means an incinerator that
						operates by forcefully projecting a curtain of air across an open chamber or
						pit in which combustion occurs. Incinerators of that type can be constructed
						above or below ground and with or without refractory walls and floor.
"Batch municipal waste combustion unit" means a municipal
						waste combustion unit designed so it cannot combust municipal solid waste
						continuously 24 hours per day because the design does not allow waste to be fed
						to the unit or ash to be removed during combustion.
"Calendar quarter" means three consecutive months
						(nonoverlapping) beginning on January 1, April 1, July 1, or October 1.
"Calendar year" means 365 (or 366 consecutive days in
						leap years) consecutive days starting on January 1 and ending on December
						31.
"Chief facility operator" means the person in direct
						charge and control of the operation of a municipal waste combustion unit. That
						person is responsible for daily onsite supervision, technical direction,
						management, and overall performance of the municipal waste combustion
						unit.
"Class I units" mean small municipal waste combustion
						units subject to this article that are located at municipal waste combustion
						plants with an aggregate plant combustion capacity greater than 250 tons per
						day of municipal solid waste. See the definition in this section of "municipal
						waste combustion plant capacity" for specification of which units at a plant
						site are included in the aggregate capacity calculation.
"Class II units" mean small municipal combustion units
						subject to this article that are located at municipal waste combustion plants
						with aggregate plant combustion capacity less than or equal to 250 tons per day
						of municipal solid waste. See the definition in this section of "municipal
						waste combustion plant capacity" for specification of which units at a plant
						site are included in the aggregate capacity calculation.
"Clean wood" means untreated wood or untreated wood
						products including clean untreated lumber, tree stumps (whole or chipped), and
						tree limbs (whole or chipped). Clean wood does not include:
(i) yard waste, or
(ii) construction, renovation, or demolition
					 wastes (for example, railroad ties and telephone poles) that are exempt from
					 the definition of "municipal solid waste" in this section.
"Co-fired combustion unit" means a unit that combusts
						municipal solid waste with nonmunicipal solid waste fuel (for example, coal,
						industrial process waste). To be considered a co-fired combustion unit, the
						unit shall be subject to a federally enforceable permit that limits it to
						combusting a fuel feed stream that is 30% or less (by weight) municipal solid
						waste as measured each calendar quarter.
"Continuous burning" means the continuous,
						semicontinuous, or batch feeding of municipal solid waste to dispose of the
						waste, produce energy, or provide heat to the combustion system in preparation
						for waste disposal or energy production. Continuous burning does not mean the
						use of municipal solid waste solely to thermally protect the grate or hearth
						during the startup period when municipal solid waste is not fed to the grate or
						hearth.
"Continuous emission monitoring system" means a
						monitoring system that continuously measures the emissions of a pollutant from
						a municipal waste combustion unit.
"Dioxins/furans" mean tetra-through octachlorinated
						dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans.
"Eight-hour block average" means the average of all
						hourly emission concentrations or parameter levels when the municipal waste
						combustion unit operates and combusts municipal solid waste measured over any
						of three eight-hour periods of time:
(i) midnight to 8 a.m.,
(ii) 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., and
(iii) 4 p.m. to midnight.
"Federal operating permit" means a permit issued under
						Article 1 (9VAC5-80-50 et seq.) of Part II of
						9VAC5-80.
"First calendar half" means the period that starts on
						January 1 and ends on June 30 in any year.
"Fluidized bed combustion unit" means a unit where
						municipal waste is combusted in a fluidized bed of material. The fluidized bed
						material may remain in the primary combustion zone or may be carried out of the
						primary combustion zone and returned through a recirculation loop.
"Four-hour block average" means the average of all hourly
						emission concentrations or parameter levels when the municipal waste combustion
						unit operates and combusts municipal solid waste measured over any of six
						four-hour periods:
(i) midnight to 4
					 a.m.,
(ii) 4 a.m. to 8 a.m.,
(iii) 8 a.m. to noon,
(iv) noon to 4 p.m.,
(v) 4 p.m. to 8 p.m., and
(vi) 8 p.m. to midnight.
"Mass burn refractory municipal waste combustion unit"
						means a field-erected municipal waste combustion unit that combusts municipal
						solid waste in a refractory wall furnace. Unless otherwise specified, that
						includes municipal waste combustion units with a cylindrical rotary refractory
						wall furnace.
"Mass burn rotary waterwall municipal waste combustion
						unit" means a field-erected municipal waste combustion unit that combusts
						municipal solid waste in a cylindrical rotary waterwall furnace.
"Mass burn waterwall municipal waste combustion unit"
						means a field-erected municipal waste combustion unit that combusts municipal
						solid waste in a waterwall furnace.
"Maximum demonstrated load of a municipal waste
						combustion unit" means the highest four-hour block arithmetic average municipal
						waste combustion unit load achieved during four consecutive hours in the course
						of the most recent dioxins/furans emission test that demonstrates compliance
						with the applicable emission limit for dioxins/furans specified in this
						article.
"Maximum demonstrated temperature of the particulate
						matter control device" means the highest four-hour block arithmetic average
						flue gas temperature measured at the inlet of the particulate matter control
						device during four consecutive hours in the course of the most recent emission
						test for dioxins/furans emissions that demonstrates compliance with the limits
						specified in this article.
"Medical/infectious waste" means any waste generated in
						the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals, in
						research pertaining thereto, or in the production or testing of biologicals
						that is listed in subdivisions 1 through 9 of this definition. The definition
						of medical/infectious waste does not include hazardous waste identified or
						listed under the regulations in 40 CFR Part 261; household waste, as defined in
						40 CFR
						261.4(b)(1); ash from
						incineration of medical/infectious waste, once the incineration process has
						been completed; human corpses, remains, and anatomical parts that are intended
						for interment or cremation; and domestic sewage materials identified in
						40 CFR
						261.4(a)(1).
1. Cultures and stocks of infectious agents
					 and associated biologicals, including: cultures from medical and pathological
					 laboratories; cultures and stocks of infectious agents from research and
					 industrial laboratories; wastes from the production of biologicals; discarded
					 live and attenuated vaccines; and culture dishes and devices used to transfer,
					 inoculate, and mix cultures.
2.
					 Human pathological waste, including tissues, organs, and body parts and body
					 fluids that are removed during surgery or autopsy, or other medical procedures,
					 and specimens of body fluids and their containers.
3. Human blood and blood products, regardless
					 of whether containerized, including:
a. Liquid
					 human blood;
b. Products of
					 blood;
c. Items containing
					 unabsorbed or free-flowing blood;
d. Items saturated or dripping or both with
					 human blood; or
e. Items that were
					 saturated and dripping or both with human blood that are now caked with dried
					 human blood; including serum, plasma, and other blood components, and their
					 containers, which were used or intended for use in either patient care, testing
					 and laboratory analysis or the development of pharmaceuticals. Intravenous bags
					 are also included in this category.
4. Regardless of the presence of infectious
					 agents, sharps that have been used in animal or human patient care or treatment
					 or in medical, research, or industrial laboratories, including hypodermic
					 needles, syringes (with or without the attached needle), pasteur pipettes,
					 scalpel blades, blood vials, needles with attached tubing, and culture dishes.
					 Also included are other types of broken or unbroken glassware that may have
					 been in contact with infectious agents, such as used slides and cover
					 slips.
5. Animal waste including
					 contaminated animal carcasses, body parts, and bedding of animals that were
					 known to have been exposed to infectious agents during research (including
					 research in veterinary hospitals), production of biologicals or testing of
					 pharmaceuticals.
6. Isolation
					 wastes including biological waste and discarded materials contaminated with
					 blood, excretions, exudates, or secretions from humans who are isolated to
					 protect others from certain highly communicable diseases, or isolated animals
					 known to be infected with highly communicable diseases.
7. Unused sharps including the following
					 unused, discarded sharps: hypodermic needles, suture needles, syringes, and
					 scalpel blades.
8. Any waste that
					 is contaminated or mixed with any waste listed in subdivisions 1 through 7 of
					 this definition.
9. Any residue or
					 contaminated soil, waste, or other debris resulting from the cleaning of a
					 spill of any waste listed in subdivisions 1 through 8 of this definition.
"Mixed fuel-fired (pulverized coal/refuse-derived fuel)
						combustion unit" means a combustion unit that combusts coal and refuse-derived
						fuel simultaneously, in which pulverized coal is introduced into an air stream
						that carries the coal to the combustion chamber of the unit where it is
						combusted in suspension. That includes both conventional pulverized coal and
						micropulverized coal.
"Modification" or "modified municipal waste combustion
						unit" means a municipal waste combustion unit that has been modified after June
						6, 2001, and that meets one of the following criteria:
(i) the cumulative cost of the changes over
					 the life of the unit exceeds 50% of the original cost of building and
					 installing the unit (not including the cost of land) updated to current costs;
					 or
(ii) any physical change in the
					 municipal waste combustion unit or change in the method of operating it that
					 increases the emission level of any air pollutant for which new source
					 performance standards have been established under § 129 or § 111 of
					 the federal Clean Air Act. Increases in the emission level of any air pollutant
					 are determined when the municipal waste combustion unit operates at 100% of its
					 physical load capability and are measured downstream of all air pollution
					 control devices. Load restrictions based on permits or other nonphysical
					 operational restrictions cannot be considered in the determination.
"Modular excess-air municipal waste combustion unit"
						means a municipal waste combustion unit that combusts municipal solid waste, is
						not field-erected, and has multiple combustion chambers, all of which are
						designed to operate at conditions with combustion air amounts in excess of
						theoretical air requirements.
"Modular starved-air municipal waste combustion unit"
						means a municipal waste combustion unit that combusts municipal solid waste, is
						not field-erected, and has multiple combustion chambers in which the primary
						combustion chamber is designed to operate at substoichiometric
						conditions.
"Municipal solid waste or municipal-type solid waste"
						means household, commercial/retail, or institutional waste. Household waste
						includes material discarded by residential dwellings, hotels, motels, and other
						similar permanent or temporary housing. Commercial/retail waste includes
						material discarded by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses,
						nonmanufacturing activities at industrial facilities, and other similar
						establishments or facilities. Institutional waste includes materials discarded
						by schools, by hospitals (nonmedical), by nonmanufacturing activities at
						prisons and government facilities, and other similar establishments or
						facilities. Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does include
						yard waste and refuse-derived fuel. Household, commercial/retail, and
						institutional waste does not include used oil; sewage sludge; wood pallets;
						construction, renovation, and demolition wastes (which include railroad ties
						and telephone poles); clean wood; industrial process or manufacturing wastes;
						medical waste; or motor vehicles (including motor vehicle parts or vehicle
						fluff).
"Municipal waste combustion plant" means one or more
						municipal waste combustion units at the same location.
"Municipal waste combustion plant capacity" means the
						aggregate municipal waste combustion capacity of all municipal waste combustion
						units at the plant that are not subject to subparts Ea, Eb, or AAAA of 40 CFR
						Part 60.
"Municipal waste combustion unit" means any setting or
						equipment that combusts solid, liquid, or gasified municipal solid waste
						including, but not limited to, field-erected combustion units (with or without
						heat recovery), modular combustion units (starved-air or excess-air), boilers
						(for example, steam generating units), furnaces (whether suspension-fired,
						grate-fired, mass-fired, air curtain incinerators, or fluidized bed-fired), and
						pyrolysis/combustion units. Municipal waste combustion units do not include
						pyrolysis or combustion units located at a plastics or rubber recycling unit.
						Municipal waste combustion units do not include cement kilns that combust
						municipal solid waste. Municipal waste combustion units do not include internal
						combustion engines, gas turbines, or other combustion devices that combust
						landfill gases collected by landfill gas collection systems. The municipal
						waste combustion unit includes, but is not limited to, the municipal solid
						waste fuel feed system, grate system, flue gas system, bottom ash system, and
						the combustion unit water system. The municipal waste combustion unit does not
						include air pollution control equipment, the stack, water treatment equipment,
						or the turbine-generator set. The municipal waste combustion unit boundary
						starts at the municipal solid waste pit or hopper and extends through:
(i) the combustion unit flue gas system,
					 which ends immediately after the heat recovery equipment or, if there is no
					 heat recovery equipment, immediately after the combustion chamber;
(ii) the combustion unit bottom ash system,
					 which ends at the truck loading station or similar equipment that transfers the
					 ash to final disposal. It includes all ash handling systems connected to the
					 bottom ash handling system; and
(iii) the combustion unit water system, which
					 starts at the feed water pump and ends at the piping that exits the steam drum
					 or superheater.
"Particulate matter" means total particulate matter
						emitted from municipal waste combustion units as measured using Reference
						Method 5 and the procedures specified in
						9VAC5-40-6740 D.
"Plastics or rubber recycling unit" means an integrated
						processing unit for which plastics, rubber, or rubber tires are the only feed
						materials (incidental contaminants may be in the feed materials). The feed
						materials are processed and marketed to become input feed stock for chemical
						plants or petroleum refineries. Each calendar quarter, the combined weight of
						the feed stock that a plastics or rubber recycling unit produces shall be more
						than 70% of the combined weight of the plastics, rubber, and rubber tires that
						recycling unit processes. The plastics, rubber, or rubber tires fed to the
						recycling unit may originate from separating or diverting plastics, rubber, or
						rubber tires from municipal or industrial solid waste. The feed materials may
						include manufacturing scraps, trimmings, and off-specification plastics,
						rubber, and rubber tire discards. The plastics, rubber, and rubber tires fed to
						the recycling unit may contain incidental contaminants (for example, paper
						labels on plastic bottles or metal rings on plastic bottle caps).
"Potential hydrogen chloride emissions" means the level
						of emissions from a municipal waste combustion unit that would occur from
						combusting municipal solid waste without emission controls for acid
						gases.
"Potential mercury emissions" means the level of
						emissions from a municipal waste combustion unit that would occur from
						combusting municipal solid waste without controls for mercury emissions.
"Potential sulfur dioxide emissions" means the level of
						emissions from a municipal waste combustion unit that would occur from
						combusting municipal solid waste without emission controls for acid
						gases.
"Pyrolysis/combustion unit" means a unit that produces
						gases, liquids, or solids by heating municipal solid waste. The gases, liquids,
						or solids produced are combusted and the emissions vented to the
						atmosphere.
"Reconstruction" means rebuilding a municipal waste
						combustion unit and meeting two criteria:
(i) the reconstruction begins after June 6,
					 2001; and
(ii) the cumulative cost
					 of the construction over the life of the unit exceeds 50% of the original cost
					 of building and installing the municipal waste combustion unit (not including
					 land) updated to current costs (current dollars). To determine what systems are
					 within the boundary of the municipal waste combustion unit used to calculate
					 the costs, see the definition in this section of "municipal waste combustion
					 unit."
"Refractory unit" or "refractory wall furnace" means a
						municipal waste combustion unit that has no energy recovery (such as through a
						waterwall) in the furnace of the municipal waste combustion unit.
"Refuse-derived fuel" means a type of municipal solid
						waste produced by processing municipal solid waste through shredding and size
						classification. Refuse-derived fuel includes all classes of refuse-derived
						fuel, including low-density fluff refuse-derived fuel through densified
						refuse-derived fuel, and pelletized refuse-derived fuel.
"Same location" means the same or contiguous properties
						under common ownership or control, including those separated only by a street,
						road, highway, or other public right-of-way. Common ownership or control
						includes properties that are owned, leased, or operated by the same entity,
						parent entity, subsidiary, subdivision, or any combination thereof. Entities
						may include a municipality, other governmental unit, or any quasi-governmental
						authority (for example, a public utility district or regional authority for
						waste disposal).
"Second calendar half" means the period that starts on
						July 1 and ends on December 31 in any year.
"Shift supervisor" means the person who is in direct
						charge and control of operating a municipal waste combustion unit and who is
						responsible for onsite supervision, technical direction, management, and
						overall performance of the municipal waste combustion unit during an assigned
						shift.
"Spreader stoker, mixed fuel-fired (coal/refuse-derived
						fuel) combustion unit" means a municipal waste combustion unit that combusts
						coal and refuse-derived fuel simultaneously, in which coal is introduced to the
						combustion zone by a mechanism that throws the fuel onto a grate from above.
						Combustion takes place both in suspension and on the grate.
"Standard conditions," when referring to units of
						measure, means a temperature of 20°C and a pressure of 101.3
						kilopascals.
"Startup period" means the period when a municipal waste
						combustion unit begins the continuous combustion of municipal solid waste. It
						does not include any warmup period during which the municipal waste combustion
						unit combusts fossil fuel or other solid waste fuel but receives no municipal
						solid waste.
"Stoker (refuse-derived fuel) combustion unit" means a
						steam generating unit that combusts refuse-derived fuel in a semisuspension
						combusting mode, using air-fed distributors.
"Total mass dioxins/furans or total mass" means the total
						mass of tetra-through octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans as
						determined using Reference Method 23 and the procedures specified in
						9VAC5-40-6740 D.
"Twenty-four hour daily average" or "24-hour daily
						average" means either the arithmetic mean or geometric mean (as specified) of
						all hourly emission concentrations when the municipal waste combustion unit
						operates and combusts municipal solid waste measured during the 24 hours
						between midnight and the following midnight.
"Untreated lumber" means wood or wood products that have
						been cut or shaped and include wet, air-dried, and kiln-dried wood products.
						Untreated lumber does not include wood products that have been painted,
						pigment-stained, or pressure-treated by compounds such as chromate copper
						arsenate, pentachlorophenol, and creosote.
"Waterwall furnace" means a municipal waste combustion
						unit that has energy (heat) recovery in the furnace (for example, radiant heat
						transfer section) of the combustion unit.
"Yard waste" means grass, grass clippings, bushes,
						shrubs, and clippings from bushes and shrubs that come from residential,
						commercial/retail, institutional, or industrial sources as part of maintaining
						yards or other private or public lands. Yard waste does not include:
(i) construction, renovation, and demolition
					 wastes that are exempt from the definition of "municipal solid waste" in this
					 section; or
(ii) clean wood that is
					 exempt from the definition of "municipal solid waste" in this
					 section.