Virginia Administrative Code › Title 9 - ENVIRONMENT › Agency 5 - STATE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD › Chapter 40 - EXISTING STATIONARY SOURCES › Part II - Emission Standards › Article 54 - Emission Standards for Large Municipal Waste Combustors (Rule 4-54) › Section 9VAC5-40-7960 - Definitions

Current through Register Vol. 40, No. 24, July 15, 2024
A. For the purpose
					 of applying this article in the context of the Regulations for the Control and
					 Abatement of Air Pollution and related uses, the words or terms shall have the
					 meanings given them in subsection C of this section.
B. As used in this article, all terms not
					 defined herein shall have the meanings given them in 9VAC5 Chapter 10, unless
					 otherwise required by context.
C.
					 Terms defined.
"Air curtain incinerator" means an incinerator that
						operates by forcefully projecting a curtain of air across an open chamber or
						pit in which burning occurs. Incinerators of this type can be constructed above
						or below ground and with or without refractory walls and floor.
"Batch municipal waste combustor" means a municipal waste
						combustor unit designed so that it cannot combust municipal solid waste
						continuously 24 hours per day because the design does not allow waste to be fed
						to the unit or ash to be removed while combustion is occurring.
"Bubbling fluidized bed combustor" means a fluidized bed
						combustor in which the majority of the bed material remains in a fluidized
						state in the primary combustion zone.
"Calendar quarter" means a consecutive three-month period
						(nonoverlapping) beginning on January 1, April 1, July 1, and October 1.
"Calendar year" means the period including 365 days (or
						336 consecutive days in leap years) starting January 1 and ending on December
						31.
"Chief facility operator" means the person in direct
						charge and control of the operation of a municipal waste combustor and who is
						responsible for daily onsite supervision, technical direction, management, and
						overall performance of the facility.
"Circulating fluidized bed combustor" means a fluidized
						bed combustor in which the majority of the fluidized bed material is carried
						out of the primary combustion zone and is transported back to the primary zone
						through a recirculation loop.
"Clean wood" means untreated wood or untreated wood
						products including clean untreated lumber, tree stumps (whole or chipped), and
						tree limbs (whole or chipped). Clean wood does not include yard waste, which is
						defined elsewhere in this section, or construction, renovation, and demolition
						wastes (including but not limited to railroad ties and telephone poles), which
						are exempt from the definition of municipal solid waste in this section.
"Cofired combustor" means a unit combusting municipal
						solid waste with nonmunicipal solid waste fuel (e.g., coal, industrial process
						waste) and subject to a federally enforceable permit limiting the unit to
						combusting a fuel feed stream, 30% or less of the weight of which is comprised,
						in aggregate, of municipal solid waste as measured on a calendar quarter
						basis.
"Commenced" means that an owner has undertaken a
						continuous program of construction or modification or that an owner has entered
						into a contractual obligation to undertake and complete, within a reasonable
						time, a continuous program of construction or modification.
"Compliance schedule" means a legally enforceable
						schedule specifying a date or dates by which a source or category of sources
						must comply with specific emission standards contained in a plan or with any
						increments of progress to achieve such compliance.
"Construction" means fabrication, erection, or
						installation of an affected facility.
"Continuous emission monitoring system" means a
						monitoring system for continuously measuring the emissions of a pollutant from
						an affected facility.
"Dioxin/furan" means tetra- through octa- chlorinated
						dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans.
"First calendar half" means the period starting on
						January 1 and ending on June 30 in any year.
"Four-hour block average" means the average of all hourly
						emission concentrations when the affected facility is operating and combusting
						municipal solid waste measured over four-hour periods of time from midnight to
						4 a.m., 4 a.m. to 8 a.m., 8 a.m. to noon, noon to 4 p.m., 4 p.m. to 8 p.m., and
						8 p.m. to midnight.
"Increments of process" means steps to achieve compliance
						which must be taken by an owner of an affected facility, including:
1. Submittal of a final control plan for the
					 affected facility to the board;
2.
					 Awarding of contracts for emission control systems or for process modifications
					 or issuance of orders for the purchase of component parts to accomplish
					 emission control or process modification;
3. Initiation of on-site construction or
					 installation of emission control equipment or process change;
4. Completion of on-site construction or
					 installation or emission control equipment or process change; and
5. Final compliance.
"Mass burn refractory municipal waste combustor" means a
						field-erected combustor that combusts municipal solid waste in a refractory
						wall furnace. Unless otherwise specified, this includes combustors with a
						cylindrical rotary refractory wall furnace.
"Mass burn rotary waterwall municipal waste combustor"
						means a field-erected combustor that combusts municipal solid waste in a
						cylindrical rotary waterwall furnace or on a tumbling-tile grate.
"Mass burn waterwall municipal waste combustor" means a
						field-erected combustor that combusts municipal solid waste in a waterwall
						furnace.
"Materials separation plan" means a plan that identifies
						both a goal and an approach to separate certain components of municipal solid
						waste for a given service area in order to make the separated materials
						available for recycling. A materials separation plan may include elements such
						as dropoff facilities, buy-back or deposit-return incentives, curbside pickup
						programs, or centralized mechanical separation systems. A materials separation
						plan may include different goals or approaches for different subareas in the
						service area, and may include no materials separation activities for certain
						subareas or, if warranted, an entire service area.
"Maximum demonstrated municipal waste combustor unit
						load" means the highest four-hour arithmetic average municipal waste combustor
						unit load achieved during four consecutive hours during the most recent
						dioxin/furan emission test demonstrating compliance with the applicable limit
						for municipal waste combustor organics specified under
						9VAC5-40-8040.
"Maximum demonstrated particulate matter control device
						temperature" means the highest four-hour arithmetic average flue gas
						temperature measured at the particulate matter control device inlet during four
						consecutive hours during the most recent dioxin/furan emission test
						demonstrating compliance with the applicable limit for municipal waste
						combustor organics specified under
						9VAC5-40-8040.
"Modification" or "modified municipal waste combustor
						unit" means a municipal waste combustor unit to which changes have been made
						after June 19, 1996, if (i) the cumulative cost of the changes, over the life
						of the unit, exceed 50% of the original cost of construction and installation
						of the unit (not including the cost of any land purchased in connection with
						such construction or installation) updated to current costs or (ii) any
						physical change in the municipal waste combustor unit or change in the method
						of operation of the municipal waste combustor unit increases the amount of any
						air pollutant emitted by the unit for which standards have been established
						under § 129 or § 111 of the federal Clean Air Act. Increases in the
						amount of any air pollutant emitted by the municipal waste combustor unit are
						determined at 100% physical load capability and downstream of all air pollution
						control devices, with no consideration given for load restrictions based on
						permits or other nonphysical operational restrictions.
"Modular excess-air municipal waste combustor" means a
						combustor that combusts municipal solid waste and that is not field-erected and
						has multiple combustion chambers, all of which are designed to operate at
						conditions with combustion air amounts in excess of theoretical air
						requirements.
"Modular starved-air municipal waste combustor" means a
						combustor that combusts municipal solid waste and that is not field-erected and
						has multiple combustion chambers in which the primary combustion chamber is
						designed to operate at substoichiometric conditions.
"Municipal solid waste" or "municipal-type solid waste"
						means household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste, or a combination
						thereof. Household waste includes material discarded by single and multiple
						residential dwellings, hotels, motels, and other similar permanent or temporary
						housing establishments or facilities. Commercial/retail waste includes material
						discarded by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, nonmanufacturing
						activities at industrial facilities, and other similar establishments or
						facilities. Institutional waste includes material discarded by schools,
						nonmedical waste discarded by hospitals, material discarded by nonmanufacturing
						activities at prisons and government facilities, and material discarded by
						other similar establishments or facilities. Household, commercial/retail, and
						institutional waste does not include used oil; sewage sludge; wood pallets;
						construction, renovation, and demolition wastes (which includes but is not
						limited to railroad ties and telephone poles); clean wood; industrial process
						or manufacturing wastes; medical waste; or motor vehicles (including motor
						vehicle parts or vehicle fluff). Household, commercial/retail, and
						institutional wastes include (i) yard waste, (ii) refuse-derived fuel, and
						(iii) motor vehicle maintenance materials limited to vehicle batteries and
						tires except as specified in
						9VAC5-40-7950 D 5.
"Municipal waste combustor" or "municipal waste combustor
						unit" means any setting or equipment that combusts solid, liquid, or gasified
						municipal solid waste including, but not limited to, field-erected incinerators
						(with or without heat recovery), modular incinerators (starved-air or
						excess-air), boilers (i.e., steam generating units), furnaces (whether
						suspension-fired, grate-fired, mass-fired, air curtain incinerators, or
						fluidized bed-fired), and pyrolysis/combustion units. Municipal waste
						combustors do not include pyrolysis/combustion units located at a
						plastics/rubber recycling unit (as specified in
						9VAC5-40-7950 D 8). Municipal waste
						combustors do not include cement kilns firing municipal solid waste (as
						specified in
						9VAC5-40-7950 E 3). Municipal waste
						combustors do not include internal combustion engines, gas turbines, or other
						combustion devices that combust landfill gases collected by landfill gas
						collection systems.
The boundaries of a municipal solid waste combustor are
						defined as follows. The municipal waste combustor unit includes, but is not
						limited to, the municipal solid waste fuel feed system, grate system, flue gas
						system, bottom ash system, and the combustor water system. The municipal waste
						combustor boundary starts at the municipal solid waste pit or hopper and
						extends through:
1. The combustor flue
					 gas system, which ends immediately following the heat recovery equipment or, if
					 there is no heat recovery equipment, immediately following the combustion
					 chamber;
2. The combustor bottom
					 ash system, which ends at the truck loading station or similar ash handling
					 equipment that transfer the ash to final disposal, including all ash handling
					 systems that are connected to the bottom ash handling system; and
3. The combustor water system, which starts
					 at the feed water pump and ends at the piping exiting the steam drum or
					 superheater.
The municipal waste combustor unit does not include air
						pollution control equipment, the stack, water treatment equipment, or the
						turbine-generator set.
"Municipal waste combustor acid gases" means all acid
						gases emitted in the exhaust gases from municipal waste combustor units
						including, but not limited to, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride
						gases.
"Municipal waste combustor metals" means metals and metal
						compounds emitted in the exhaust gases from municipal waste combustor
						units.
"Municipal waste combustor organics" means organic
						compounds emitted in the exhaust gases from municipal waste combustor units and
						includes tetra- through octa- chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and
						dibenzofurans.
"Municipal waste combustor plant" means one or more
						affected facilities (as specified in
						9VAC5-40-7950 ) at the same
						location.
"Municipal waste combustor unit capacity" means the
						maximum charging rate of a municipal waste combustor unit expressed in tons per
						day of municipal solid waste combusted, calculated according to the procedures
						under 9VAC5-40-8100 C.
						9VAC5-40-8100 C includes procedures
						for determining municipal waste combustor unit capacity for continuous and
						batch feed municipal waste combustors.
"Municipal waste combustor unit load" means the steam
						load of the municipal waste combustor unit measured as specified in
						9VAC5-40-8150 C 6.
"Particulate matter" means total particulate matter
						emitted from municipal waste combustor units as measured by Reference Method 5
						(see 9VAC5-40-8140 B).
"Plastics/rubber recycling unit" means an integrated
						processing unit where plastics, rubber, and rubber tires, or a combination
						thereof, are the only feed materials (incidental contaminants may be included
						in the feed materials) and they are processed into a chemical plant feedstock
						or petroleum refinery feedstock, where the feedstock is marketed to and used by
						a chemical plant or petroleum refinery as input feedstock. The combined weight
						of the chemical plant feedstock and petroleum refinery feedstock produced by
						the plastics/rubber recycling unit on a calendar quarter basis shall be more
						than 70% of the combined weight of the plastics, rubber, and rubber tires
						processed by the plastics/rubber recycling unit on a calendar quarter basis.
						The plastics, rubber, or rubber tire feed materials to the plastics/rubber
						recycling unit may originate from the separation or diversion of plastics,
						rubber, or rubber tires from MSW or industrial solid waste, and may include
						manufacturing scraps, trimmings, and off-specification plastics, rubber, and
						rubber tire discards. The plastics, rubber, and rubber tire feed materials to
						the plastics/rubber recycling unit may contain incidental contaminants (e.g.,
						paper labels on plastic bottles, metal rings on plastic bottle caps,
						etc.).
"Potential hydrogen chloride emission concentration"
						means the hydrogen chloride emission concentration that would occur from
						combustion of municipal solid waste in the absence of any emission controls for
						municipal waste combustor acid gases.
"Potential mercury emission concentration" means the
						mercury emission concentration that would occur from combustion of municipal
						solid waste in the absence of any mercury emissions control.
"Potential sulfur dioxide emissions" means the sulfur
						dioxide emission concentration that would occur from combustion of municipal
						solid waste in the absence of any emission controls for municipal waste
						combustor acid gases.
"Pulverized coal/refuse-derived fuel mixed fuel-fired
						combustor" means a combustor that fires coal and refuse-derived fuel
						simultaneously, in which pulverized coal is introduced into an air stream that
						carries the coal to the combustion chamber of the unit where it is fired in
						suspension. This includes both conventional pulverized coal and micropulverized
						coal.
"Pyrolysis/combustion unit" means a unit that produces
						gases, liquids, or solids through the heating of municipal solid waste, and the
						gases, liquids, or solids produced are combusted and emissions vented to the
						atmosphere.
"Reconstruction" means rebuilding a municipal waste
						combustor unit for which the reconstruction commenced after June 19, 1996, and
						the cumulative costs of the construction over the life of the unit exceed 50%
						of the original cost of construction and installation of the unit (not
						including any cost of land purchased in connection with such construction or
						installation) updated to current costs (current dollars).
"Refractory unit" or "refractory wall furnace" means a
						combustion unit having no energy recovery (e.g., via a waterwall) in the
						furnace (i.e., radiant heat transfer section) of the combustor.
"Refuse-derived fuel" means a type of municipal solid
						waste produced by processing municipal solid waste through shredding and size
						classification. This includes all classes of refuse-derived fuel including
						low-density fluff refuse-derived fuel through densified refuse-derived fuel and
						pelletized refuse-derived fuel.
"Refuse-derived fuel stoker" means a steam generating
						unit that combusts refuse-derived fuel in a semisuspension firing mode using
						air-fed distributors.
"Same location" means the same or contiguous property
						that is under common ownership or control including properties that are
						separated only by a street, road, highway, or other public right-of-way. Common
						ownership or control includes properties that are owned, leased, or operated by
						the same entity, parent entity, subsidiary, subdivision, or any combination
						thereof including any municipality or other governmental unit, or any
						quasi-governmental authority (e.g., a public utility district or regional waste
						disposal authority).
"Second calendar half" means the period starting July 1
						and ending on December 31 in any year.
"Shift supervisor" means the person who is in direct
						charge and control of the operation of a municipal waste combustor and who is
						responsible for onsite supervision, technical direction, management, and
						overall performance of the facility during an assigned shift.
"Spreader stoker coal/refuse-derived fuel mixed
						fuel-fired combustor" means a combustor that fires coal and refuse-derived fuel
						simultaneously, in which coal is introduced to the combustion zone by a
						mechanism that throws the fuel onto a grate from above. Combustion takes place
						both in suspension and on the grate.
"Standard conditions" means a temperature of 20 degrees
						Centigrade and a pressure of 101.3 kilopascals.
"Total mass dioxin/furan" or "total mass" means the total
						mass of tetra- through octa- chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans,
						as determined using Reference Method 23 and the procedures specified under
						9VAC5-40-8140 F.
"Tumbling-tile" means a grate tile hinged at one end and
						attached to a ram at the other end. When the ram extends, the grate tile
						rotates around the hinged edge.
"Twenty-four-hour daily average" means either the
						arithmetic mean or geometric mean (as specified) of all hourly emission
						concentrations when the affected facility is operating and combusting municipal
						solid waste measured over a 24-hour period between midnight and the following
						midnight.
"Untreated lumber" means wood or wood products that have
						been cut or shaped and include wet, air-dried, and kiln-dried wood products.
						Untreated lumber does not include wood products that have been painted,
						pigment-stained, or "pressure-treated." Pressure-treating compounds include,
						but are not limited to, chromate copper arsenate, pentachlorophenol, and
						creosote.
"Waterwall furnace" means a combustion unit having energy
						(heat) recovery in the furnace (i.e., radiant heat transfer section) of the
						combustor.
"Yard waste" means grass, grass clippings, bushes,
						shrubs, and clippings from bushes and shrubs that are generated by residential,
						commercial/retail, institutional, and industrial sources, or combination
						thereof, as part of maintenance activities associated with yards or other
						private or public lands. Yard waste does not include construction, renovation,
						and demolition wastes, which are exempt from the definition of municipal solid
						waste in this section. Yard waste does not include clean wood, which is exempt
						from the definition of municipal solid waste in this section.