South Carolina Code of Regulations › Chapter 61 - DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL › Subchapter 61-9 - Water Pollution Control Permits › Subchapter 61-9.503 - STANDARDS FOR THE USE OR DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE SLUDGE › Part D - PATHOGENS AND VECTOR ATTRACTION REDUCTION › Section 61-9.503.D.32 - Pathogens

Current through Register Vol. 48, No. 6, June 28, 2024
(a) Sewage sludge
				  -Class A.
(1) The requirement in
				  section503.32(a)(2)(a)(2) and the requirements in either
				  section503.32(a)(3)(a)(3), section503.32(a)(4)(a)(4),
				  section503.32(a)(5)(a)(5), section503.32(a)(6)(a)(6),
				  section503.32(a)(7)(a)(7), or section503.32(a)(8)(a)(8) shall be met for a
				  sewage sludge to be classified Class A with respect to pathogens.
(2) The Class A pathogen requirements in
				  section503.32(a)(3)(a)(3) through section503.32(a)(8)(a)(8) shall be met either
				  prior to meeting or at the same time the vector attraction reduction
				  requirements in section503.33, except the vector attraction reduction
				  requirements in section503.33(b)(6)(b)(6) through section503.33(b)(8)(b)(8),
				  are met.
(3) Class A -Alternative
				  1.
(i) Either the density of fecal coliform
				  in the sewage sludge shall be less than 1000 Most Probable Number per gram of
				  total solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella sp. bacteria in
				  the sewage sludge shall be less than three Most Probable Number per four grams
				  of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the sewage sludge is used or
				  disposed; at the time the sewage sludge is prepared for sale or give away in a
				  bag or other container for application to the land; or at the time the sewage
				  sludge or material derived from sewage sludge is prepared to meet the
				  requirements in section503.10(b)(b), section503.10(c)(c), section503.10(e)(e),
				  or section503.10(f)(f).
(ii) The
				  temperature of the sewage sludge that is used or disposed shall be maintained
				  at a specific value for a period of time.
(A)
				  When the percent solids of the sewage sludge is seven percent or higher, the
				  temperature of the sewage sludge shall be 50 degrees Celsius or higher; the
				  time period shall be 20 minutes or longer; and the temperature and time period
				  shall be determined using equation (2), except when small particles of sewage
				  sludge are heated by either warmed gases or an immiscible liquid.
D = 131,700,000 (Equation 2)
-----------
100.1400t
Where,
D = time in days.
t = temperature in degrees Celsius.
TABLE 1 OF Section503.32 - If the sewage sludge is 7%
					 solids or higher.
Temperature (Celsius)
Time
50.0 (minimum)
13.17 days
60.0
12 hours 43 minutes
65.0
2 hours 39 minutes
70.0
30 minutes
71.3
20 minutes (minimum)
(B) When the percent solids of the sewage
				  sludge is seven percent or higher and small particles of sewage sludge are
				  heated by either warmed gases or an immiscible liquid, the temperature of the
				  sewage sludge shall be 50 degrees Celsius or higher; the time period shall be
				  15 seconds or longer; and the temperature and time period shall be determined
				  using equation (2).
TABLE 2 OF Section503.32 - If the sewage sludge is 7%
					 solids or higher and small particles of sewage sludge are heated by warm gases
					 or an immiscible liquid.
Temperature (Celsius)
Time
50.0 (minimum)
13.17 days
65.0
2 hours 39 minutes
71.3
20 minutes
80.0
1 minute 12 seconds
84.9
15 seconds (minimum)
(C) When the percent solids of the sewage
				  sludge is less than seven percent and the time period is at least 15 seconds,
				  but less than 30 minutes, the temperature and time period shall be determined
				  using equation (2).
TABLE 3 OF Section503.32 - If the sewage sludge is less
					 than 7% solids and the time period is at least 15 seconds, but less than 30
					 minutes.
Temperature (Celsius)
Time
70.0
30 minutes (Maximum time. See (D) for greater
								  than 30 minutes)
71.3
20 minutes
75.0
6 minutes
80.0
1 minute 12 seconds
84.9
15 seconds (minimum)
(D) When the percent solids of the sewage
				  sludge is less than seven percent; the temperature of the sewage sludge is 50
				  degrees Celsius or higher; and the time period is 30 minutes or longer, the
				  temperature and time period shall be determined using equation (3).
D = 50,070,000 (Equation 3)
-----------
100.1400t
Where,
D = time in days.
t = temperature in degrees Celsius.
TABLE 4 OF Section503.32 - If the sewage sludge is less
					 than 7% solids and the temperature of the sewage sludge is 50 degrees Celsius
					 or higher; and the time period is 30 minutes or longer.
Temperature (Celsius)
Time
50.0 (minimum)
5.0 days
55.0
1.0 day
60.0
4 hours 48 minutes
65.0
58 minutes
67.0
30 minutes (minimum)
(iii) The temperature used in equation (2)
				  and equation (3) will be the lowest, continuously measured temperature within
				  the reaction vessel during a 24-hour period or the lowest measured temperature
				  during any 24-hour period, if a continuous treatment process is used. If a
				  batch treatment process is used, the temperature used in the equation (2) and
				  equation (3) will be the lowest temperature measured during the batch
				  treatment.
(iv) For design
				  temperatures measuring greater than 70 degrees Celsius, continuous temperature
				  monitoring shall be required.
(4) Class A -Alternative 2.
(i) Either the density of fecal coliform in
				  the sewage sludge shall be less than 1000 Most Probable Number per gram of
				  total solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella sp. bacteria in
				  the sewage sludge shall be less than three Most Probable Number per four grams
				  of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the sewage sludge is used or
				  disposed; at the time the sewage sludge is prepared for sale or give away in a
				  bag or other container for application to the land; or at the time the sewage
				  sludge or material derived from sewage sludge is prepared to meet the
				  requirements in section503.10(b)(b), section503.10(c)(c), section503.10(e)(e),
				  or section503.10(f)(f).
(ii)
(A) The pH of the sewage sludge that is used
				  or disposed shall be raised to above 12 and shall remain above 12 for 72
				  hours.
(B) The temperature of the
				  sewage sludge shall be above 52 degrees Celsius for 12 hours or longer during
				  the period that the pH of the sewage sludge is above 12.
(C) At the end of the 72 hour period during
				  which the pH of the sewage sludge is above 12, the sewage sludge shall be air
				  dried to achieve a percent solids in the sewage sludge greater than 50
				  percent.
(5)
				  Class A -Alternative 3.
(i) Either the
				  density of fecal coliform in the sewage sludge shall be less than 1000 Most
				  Probable Number per gram of total solids (dry weight basis), or the density of
				  Salmonella sp. bacteria in sewage sludge shall be less than three Most Probable
				  Number per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the sewage
				  sludge is used or disposed; at the time the sewage sludge is prepared for sale
				  or give away in a bag or other container for application to the land; or at the
				  time the sewage sludge or material derived from sewage sludge is prepared to
				  meet the requirements in section503.10(b)(b), section503.10(c)(c),
				  section503.10(e)(e), or section503.10(f)(f).
(ii)
(A) The
				  sewage sludge shall be analyzed prior to pathogen treatment to determine
				  whether the sewage sludge contains enteric viruses.
(B) When the density of enteric viruses in
				  the sewage sludge prior to pathogen treatment is less than one Plaque-forming
				  Unit per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis), the sewage sludge is
				  Class A with respect to enteric viruses until the next monitoring episode for
				  the sewage sludge.
(C) When the
				  density of enteric viruses in the sewage sludge prior to pathogen treatment is
				  equal to or greater than one Plaque-forming Unit per four grams of total solids
				  (dry weight basis), the sewage sludge is Class A with respect to enteric
				  viruses when the density of enteric viruses in the sewage sludge after pathogen
				  treatment is less than one Plaque-forming Unit per four grams of total solids
				  (dry weight basis) and when the values or ranges of values for the operating
				  parameters for the pathogen treatment process that produces the sewage sludge
				  that meets the enteric virus density requirement are documented.
(D) After the enteric virus reduction in
				  paragraph (a)(5)(ii)(C) of this subsection is demonstrated for the pathogen
				  treatment process, the sewage sludge continues to be Class A with respect to
				  enteric viruses when the values for the pathogen treatment process operating
				  parameters are consistent with the values or ranges of values documented in
				  paragraph (a)(5)(ii)(C) of this subsection.
(iii)
(A)
				  The sewage sludge shall be analyzed prior to pathogen treatment to determine
				  whether the sewage sludge contains viable helminth ova.
(B) When the density of viable helminth ova
				  in the sewage sludge prior to pathogen treatment is less than one per four
				  grams of total solids (dry weight basis), the sewage sludge is Class A with
				  respect to viable helminth ova until the next monitoring episode for the sewage
				  sludge.
(C) When the density of
				  viable helminth ova in the sewage sludge prior to pathogen treatment is equal
				  to or greater than one per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis), the
				  sewage sludge is Class A with respect to viable helminth ova when the density
				  of viable helminth ova in the sewage sludge after pathogen treatment is less
				  than one per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis) and when the values
				  or ranges of values for the operating parameters for the pathogen treatment
				  process that produces the sewage sludge that meets the viable helminth ova
				  density requirement are documented.
(D) After the viable helminth ova reduction
				  in paragraph (a)(5)(iii)(C) of this subsection is demonstrated for the pathogen
				  treatment process, the sewage sludge continues to be Class A with respect to
				  viable helminth ova when the values for the pathogen treatment process
				  operating parameters are consistent with the values or ranges of values
				  documented in paragraph (a)(5)(iii)(C) of this subsection.
(6) Class A -Alternative 4.
(i) Either the density of fecal coliform in
				  the sewage sludge shall be less than 1000 Most Probable Number per gram of
				  total solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella sp. bacteria in
				  the sewage sludge shall be less than three Most Probable Number per four grams
				  of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the sewage sludge is used or
				  disposed; at the time the sewage sludge is prepared for sale or give away in a
				  bag or other container for application to the land; or at the time the sewage
				  sludge or material derived from sewage sludge is prepared to meet the
				  requirements in section503.10(b)(b), section503.10(c)(c), section503.10(e)(e),
				  or section503.10(f)(f).
(ii) The
				  density of enteric viruses in the sewage sludge shall be less than one
				  Plaque-forming Unit per four grams of total solids (dry weight basis) at the
				  time the sewage sludge is used or disposed; at the time the sewage sludge is
				  prepared for sale or give away in a bag or other container for application to
				  the land; or at the time the sewage sludge or material derived from sewage
				  sludge is prepared to meet the requirements in section503.10(b)(b),
				  section503.10(c)(c), section503.10(e)(e), or section503.10(f)(f), unless
				  otherwise specified by the Department.
(iii) The density of viable helminth ova in
				  the sewage sludge shall be less than one per four grams of total solids (dry
				  weight basis) at the time the sewage sludge is used or disposed; at the time
				  the sewage sludge is prepared for sale or give away in a bag or other container
				  for application to the land; or at the time the sewage sludge or material
				  derived from sewage sludge is prepared to meet the requirements in
				  section503.10(b)(b), section503.10(c)(c), section503.10(e)(e), or
				  section503.10(f)(f), unless otherwise specified by the Department.
(7) Class A -Alternative 5.
(i) Either the density of fecal coliform in
				  the sewage sludge shall be less than 1000 Most Probable Number per gram of
				  total solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella, sp. bacteria in
				  the sewage sludge shall be less than three Most Probable Number per four grams
				  of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the sewage sludge is used or
				  disposed; at the time the sewage sludge is prepared for sale or give away in a
				  bag or other container for application to the land; or at the time the sewage
				  sludge or material derived from sewage sludge is prepared to meet the
				  requirements in section503.10(b)(b), section503.10(c)(c), section503.10(e)(e),
				  or section503.10(f)(f).
(ii) Sewage
				  sludge that is used or disposed shall be treated in one of the Processes to
				  Further Reduce Pathogens described in appendix B of this part.
(8) Class A -Alternative 6.
(i) Either the density of fecal coliform in
				  the sewage sludge shall be less than 1000 Most Probable Number per gram of
				  total solids (dry weight basis), or the density of Salmonella, sp. bacteria in
				  the sewage sludge shall be less than three Most Probable Number per four grams
				  of total solids (dry weight basis) at the time the sewage sludge is used or
				  disposed; at the time the sewage sludge is prepared for sale or give away in a
				  bag or other container for application to the land; or at the time the sewage
				  sludge or material derived from sewage sludge is prepared to meet the
				  requirements in section503.10(b)(b), section503.10(c)(c), section503.10(e)(e),
				  or section503.10(f)(f).
(ii) Sewage
				  sludge that is used or disposed shall be treated in a process that is
				  equivalent to a Process to Further Reduce Pathogens, as determined by the
				  Department.