reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-0316 - Oregon Rules for Telecommunications

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
(1) Application. This division sets forth
			 safety and health standards that apply to the work conditions, practices,
			 means, methods, operations, installations, and processes performed at
			 telephone, TV cable, and other signaling equipment centers and installations,
			 and at field installations used to transmit or control communication or other
			 signals of the service supplier and may be located outdoors or in building
			 spaces used for such field installations. "Center" work includes the
			 installation, operation, maintenance, rearrangement, and removal of
			 communications equipment and other associated equipment in telecommunications
			 switching centers. "Field" work includes the installation, operation,
			 maintenance, rearrangement, and removal of conductors and other equipment used
			 for signal or communication service, and of their supporting or containing
			 structures, overhead or underground on public or private rights of way,
			 including buildings or other structures.
(2) Employee protection in public work areas.
(a) Before work is begun in the vicinity of
			 vehicular or pedestrian traffic which may endanger employees, pedestrian and
			 traffic control devices shall be provided for all operations on or adjacent to
			 streets, alleys and walkways. The traffic control shall conform to the American
			 National Standards Institute (ANSI) D6.1e-1989 Manual on Uniform Traffic
			 Control Devices for Streets and Highways and the Oregon Department of
			 Transportation's Short Term Work Zones Manual. Where further protection is
			 needed, barriers shall be utilized. At night, warning lights shall be
			 prominently displayed, and excavated areas shall be enclosed with protective
			 barricades.
(b) Once a work area
			 has been established, it shall be the employer's responsibility to provide
			 adequate supervision and periodic surveillance to assure that the above
			 requirements are met.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-0317

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295
1910.269(q)(3) was NOT adopted by OR-OSHA. In Oregon, OAR
				  437-002-0317(2)  prohibits live-line bare-hand
				  work:
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-0320 - Adoption by Reference

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
In addition to, and not in lieu of, any other health and safety
				codes contained in OAR chapter 437, the Department adopts by reference the
				following federal regulations printed as part of the Code of Federal
				Regulations,  29 CFR 1910, in the Federal Register:
(1)
								29 CFR 1910.301  Introduction; published
			 8/7/81, FR vol. 46, p. 40185.
Design Safety Standards for Electrical Systems
(2)
								29 CFR 1910.302  Electrical
			 utilization systems; published 2/14/07, FR vol. 72, no. 30, p. 7136.
(3)
								29 CFR 1910.303  General requirements;
			 published 10/29/08, FR vol. 73, no. 210, p. 64202.
(4)
								29 CFR 1910.304  Wiring design and
			 protection; published 10/29/08, FR vol. 73, no. 210, p. 64202.
(5)
								29 CFR 1910.305  Wiring methods,
			 components and equipment for general use; published 2/14/07, FR vol. 72, no.
			 30, p. 7136.
(6)  29 CFR
			 1910.306Sp ecific purpose equipment and installations; published 2/14/07, FR
			 vol. 72, no. 30, p. 7136.
(7)
								29 CFR 1910.307  Hazardous (classified) locations; published 2/14/07, FR vol. 72,
			 no. 30, p. 7136.
(8)  29 CFR
			 1910.308Sp ecial systems; published 2/14/07, FR vol. 72, no. 30, p. 7136.
(9) (Reserved for
			 1910.309-.330)
(10)
								29 CFR 1910.331 Scope; published 4/11/14, FR vol. 79, no. 70, p. 20316; 10/5/15, FR vol. 80,
			 no. 192, p. 60033.
(11)
								29 CFR 1910.332  Training; published 8/6/90, Federal Register vol. 55, no. 151, pp.
			 32016-32020.
(12)
								29 CFR 1910.333 Selection and use of work practices; published 1/31/94, FR vol. 59, no. 20, pp.
			 4475-6; amended with OR-OSHA AO 4-2007, filed and effective 8/15/07.
(13)
								29 CFR 1910.334  Use of equipment;
			 published 11/1/90, FR vol. 55, no. 212, pp. 46052-46054.
(14)
								29 CFR 1910.335  Safeguards for personnel
			 protection; published 8/6/90, Federal Register vol. 55, no. 151, pp.
			 32016-32020.
(15) (Reserved for
			 1910.336-.360)
Safety-Related Maintenance Requirements
(16) (Reserved for 1910.361-.380)
Safety Requirements for Special Equipment
(17) (Reserved for 1910.381-.398)
(18)
								29 CFR 1910.399  Definitions Applicable
			 to this Subdivision; published 4/11/14, FR vol. 79, no. 70, p. 20316.
(19) Appendices. Appendix A -
			 Reference Documents. These standards are available at the Oregon Occupational
			 Safety and Health Division (OR-OSHA), Department of Consumer and Business
			 Services; and the United States Government Printing Office.
Stat. Auth.: ORS
				  654.025(2)
				  & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS
				  654.001 -
				  654.295
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-0340 - Adoption by Reference

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
In addition to, and not in lieu of, any other safety and health
				codes contained in OAR Chapter 437, the Department adopts by reference the
				following federal regulations printed as part of the Code of Federal
				Regulations,  29 CFR 1910, in the Federal Register:
(1)
								29 CFR 1910.401  Scope and application,
			 published 2/17/04, FR vol. 69, p. 7351.
(2)
								29 CFR 1910.402  Definitions, published
			 2/17/04, FR vol. 69, p. 7351.
(3)
								29 CFR 1910.410  Qualification of dive team, published 7/22/77, Federal
			 Register, vol. 42, p. 37668.
(4)
								29 CFR 1910.420  Safe practices manual, published 4/30/84, FR vol. 49, p. 18295.
(5)
								29 CFR 1910.421  Pre-dive
			 procedures, published 6/7/89, FR vol. 54, p. 24334.
(6)
								29 CFR 1910.422  Procedures during dive,
			 published 7/22/77, Federal Register, vol. 42, p. 37668.
(7)
								29 CFR 1910.423  Post-dive procedures,
			 published 4/30/84, FR vol. 49, p. 18295.
(8)
								29 CFR 1910.424  SCUBA diving, published
			 7/22/77, Federal Register, vol. 42, p. 37668.
(9)
								29 CFR 1910.425  Surface-supplied air
			 diving, published 7/22/77, Federal Register, vol. 42, p. 37668.
(10)
								29 CFR 1910.426  Mixed-gas diving,
			 published 7/22/77, Federal Register, vol. 42, p. 37668.
(11)
								29 CFR 1910.427  Liveboating, published
			 7/22/77, Federal Register, vol. 42, p. 37668.
(12)
								29 CFR 1910.430  Equipment, published
			 9/18/88, FR, vol. 51, p. 33033.
(13)
								29 CFR 1910.440  Recordkeeping
			 requirements, published 12/27/11, FR vol. 76, no. 248, p. 80735.
(14)     29 CFR 1910   .441  Effective date,
			 published 4/3/06, FR vol. 71, no. 63, p. 16669.
(15)29 CFR 1910, Appendix A to Subdivision T,
			 Examples of conditions which may restrict or limit exposures to hyperbaric
			 conditions, published 7/22/77, Federal Register, vol. 42, p. 37668.
(16)29 CFR 1910, Appendix B to Subdivision T,
			 Guidelines for scientific diving, published 1/9/85, Federal Register, vol. 50,
			 p. 1050.
(17)29 CFR 1910, Appendix
			 C to Subdivision T, Alternative Conditions under § 1910.401(a)(3) for
			 Recreational Diving Instructors and Diving Guides (Mandatory), published
			 2/17/04, Federal Register, vol. 69, p. 7351.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295
These standards are on file at the Oregon Occupational Safety
				  and Health Division, Oregon Department of Consumer and Business Services, and
				  the United States Government Printing Office.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-0342 - Additional Oregon Definition

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
"Depth" The actual depth of the dive measured in feet below the
				water's surface. For purposes of determining pressure equivalents, these
				measurements are assumed to be salt water at 0.445 pounds per square inch per
				foot of depth (0.445 psi/ft depth). Fresh water equals 0.432 psi/ft
				depth.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS
				  654.295
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-0345 - Inland Emergency Aid

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
If conducting inland dive operation, the telephone or call
				numbers of the nearest local sheriff's office shall be included on the
				"Emergency Aid" list.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS
				  654.295
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-0355 - Air Supply Systems (Compressed Gases and Air)

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
(1) For purposes of this standard, air supply
			 systems shall include:
(a) Air supplied
			 directly to a diver;
(b) Compressed
			 systems used to fill air cylinders (tanks);
(c) Compressed air cylinders (tanks);
			 and
(d) Compressed oxygen
			 cylinder;
(e) For additional
			 requirements for compressed gas cylinders, see OAR Division 2/I, 1910.134(d),
			 Respiratory Protection; Division 2/H, 1910.101, Compressed Gases; and  30 CFR
			 11, Respiratory Protective Devices.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-0363 - Oregon Amendment

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
1910.1028(j)(1)(ii) is amended to read (wording in brackets is
				deleted): 1910.1028(j)(1)(ii) The employer shall ensure that labels or other
				appropriate forms of warning are provided for containers of benzene within the
				workplace. [There is no requirement to label pipes.] The labels shall comply
				with the requirements of CFR 1910.1200(f) and in addition shall include the
				following legend:
Danger Contains Benzene Cancer Hazard
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(3)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 -
				  654.295
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-0368 - Deterioration

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
(1) Periodic
			 examination, at least annually, of all asbestos containing material should be
			 performed to detect deterioration.
(2) Asbestos which has become damaged or
			 deteriorated shall be repaired, enclosed, encapsulated, or removed in
			 accordance with the provisions of
29 CFR 1926.1101
in OAR 437,
			 Division 3, Construction.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 -
				  654.295
Oregon-Initiated Rules
NOTE:
§
				  1910.1025(a)(1) and (2) were not adopted. In Oregon, OAR
				  437-002-0371   applies:
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-0371 - Scope and Application

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
29 CFR 1910.1025  applies to all occupational exposures to lead,
				except Construction (see 1926.62 in Division 3,
				Construction).
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & ORS 656.726(3)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - ORS 654.295
Former Division 130, Thiram, has been redesignated,
				  renumbered, and slightly amended as Oregon-initiated Rule
				  437-002-0373   to continue coverage not provided in federal
				  standards.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-0373 - Oregon Rules for Thiram

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
(1)
			 Scope and Application.
(a) These rules include
			 requirements for the control of worker exposure to thiram (Tetramethyl- thiuram
			 disulfide).
(b) These rules apply
			 where worker exposure to thiram may occur during manufacture, storage,
			 packaging, tree application, treated seedling handling, or use of thiram or
			 thiram treated seedlings.
(c)
			 These rules apply to the transportation of thiram or thiram treated trees
			 except to the extent that the U. S. Department of Transportation may regulate
			 the hazards covered by these rules.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-0377 - Additional Oregon Rules for Hazard Communication

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
(1) In addition to the provisions of
			 1910.1200(i)(11), the Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division shall have
			 the authority under ORS Chapter 654 to issue a subpoena or any protective
			 orders.
(2) Agency actions under
			 ORS Chapter 654 and these rules may be enforced by the issuance of additional
			 citations and penalties pursuant to ORS 654.071(4), ORS 654.086(1)(d), or ORS
			 654.086(3). The Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division may refer the
			 matter to the Circuit Court in the county in which the proceedings are pending
			 for enforcement of the subpoena.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295
Former division 153, Pipe Labelling, has been redesignated,
				  renumbered, and amended as Oregon-initiated Rule
				  437-002-0378,
				  to continue coverage not provided in federal
				  standards.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-0378 - Oregon Rules for Pipe Labelling

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
(1) Scope and Application. This division
			 shall apply to all piping systems containing hazardous substances or that use
			 asbestos as a pipe insulation material in buildings, structures and workplaces.
			 This division does not apply to buried piping.
(2) Definitions.
Hazardous substances: any substance which is a physical or
				health hazard.
Health Hazard: A chemical which is classified as posing one of
				the following hazardous effects: acute toxicity (any route of exposure); skin
				corrosion or irritation; serious eye damage or eye irritation; respiratory or
				skin sensitization; germ cell mutagenicity; carcinogenicity; reproductive
				toxicity; specific target organ toxicity (single or repeated exposure); or
				aspiration hazard. The criteria for determining whether a chemical is
				classified as a health hazard are detailed in Appendix A to 1910.1200 - Health
				Hazard Criteria.
Physical Hazard: A chemical that is classified as posing one of
				the following hazardous effects: explosive; flammable (gases, aerosols,
				liquids, or solids); oxidizer (liquid, solid or gas); self-reactive; pyrophoric
				(liquid or solid); self-heating; organic peroxide; corrosive to metal; gas
				under pressure; or in contact with water emits flammable gas. See Appendix B to
				1910.1200 - Physical Hazard Criteria.
Piping system: includes pipes, single or multiple, of any kind
				and, in addition, valves and pipe coverings.
Pipes: conduits for the transport of gases, liquids,
				semiliquids or fine particulate dusts.
(3) Purpose. The purpose of this division is
			 to prescribe minimum labelling requirements for all piping systems which
			 contain hazardous substances, transport substances in a hazardous state, or
			 which use asbestos as a pipe insulation material.
(4) Labelling.
(a) Pipes and piping systems which contain
			 hazardous substances or transport substances in a hazardous state shall be
			 labelled in accordance with subsections (A), (B), (C) and (D) or other- wise
			 identified in accordance with subsection (c) of this rule:
(A) Positive identification of the hazardous
			 contents of a piping system shall be by lettered labels. The label shall give
			 the name of the contents in full or abbreviated form.
(B) Contents shall be identified by labelling
			 with sufficient detail to identify the hazard.
(C) Label wording shall be brief, informative
			 and simple.
(D) Labelling shall be
			 accomplished by stencilling, the use of tape, adhesives, markers or approved
			 alternative means.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-0382 - Oregon Rules for Air Contaminants

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
An employee's exposure to any substance listed in Oregon Tables
				Z-1, Z-2, or Z-3 of this section shall be limited in accordance with the
				requirements of the following paragraphs of this section.
(1) Oregon Table Z-1.
(a) Substances with limits preceded by "C" -
			 Ceiling Values. An employee's expo- sure to any substance in Oregon Table Z-1,
			 the exposure limit of which is preceded by a "C", shall at no time exceed the
			 exposure limit given for that substance. If instantaneous monitoring is not
			 feasible, then the ceiling shall be assessed as a 15-minute time weighted
			 average exposure which shall not be exceeded at any time during the working
			 day.
(b) Other substances - 8-hour
			 Time Weighted Averages. An employee's exposure to any substance in Oregon Table
			 Z-1, the exposure limit of which is not preceded by a "C", shall not exceed the
			 8-hour Time Weighted Average given for that substance in any 8-hour work shift
			 of a 40-hour work week.
(c) Other
			 Substances - Excursion Limits. Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed
			 3 times the PEL-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a workday,
			 and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the PEL-TWA, provided
			 that the PEL-TWA is not exceeded.
(d) Skin Designation. To prevent or reduce
			 skin absorption, an employee's skin exposure to substances listed in Oregon
			 Table Z-1 with an "X" in the Skin Designation column following the substance
			 name shall be prevented or reduced to the extent necessary in the circumstances
			 through the use of gloves, coveralls, goggles, or other appropriate personal
			 protective equipment, engineering controls or work practices.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-0390 - Oregon Effective Dates

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
(1) The
			 effective date for  29 CFR 1910.1450  in Oregon is August 8, 1990.
(2) Start up dates in Oregon:
(a) Employers shall have developed and
			 implemented a written Chemical Hygiene Plan no later than May 8,
			 1991;
(b)
									29 CFR 1910.1450(a)(2) shall not take effect until the employer has developed and implemented a
			 written Chemical Hygiene Plan.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1001 - Asbestos Respiratory Protection Program

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in
				accordance with Division 2/I, 1910.134(b) through (d)(except (d)(1)(iii)), and
				(e) through (m) and (o), which covers each employee required by Division 2/Z,
				1910.1001 Asbestos, to use a respirator.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295
This is in addition to other respiratory protection and
				  medical surveillance requirements specified in these Asbestos
				  rules.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1017 - Vinyl Chloride Respiratory Protection Program

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in
				accordance with Division 2/I, 1910.134(b) through (d) (except (d)(1)(iii), and
				(d)(3)(iii)(B)(1) and (2)), and (e) through (m) and (o), which covers each
				employee required by Division 2/Z, 1910.1017, Vinyl Chloride, to use a
				respirator.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295
This is in addition to other respiratory protection and
				  medical surveillance requirements specified in these Vinyl Chloride rules.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1018 - Inorganic Arsenic Respiratory Protection Program

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in
				accordance with Division 2/I, 1910.134(b) through (d) (except (d)(1)(iii)), and
				(e) through (m) and (o), which covers each employee required by Division 2/Z,
				1910.1018 Inorganic Arsenic, to use a respirator.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295
This is in addition to other respiratory protection and
				  medical surveillance requirements specified in these Inorganic Arsenic
				  rules.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1025 - Lead Respiratory Protection Program

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in
				accordance with Division 2/I, 1910.134(b) through (d) (except (d)(1)(iii)), and
				(e) through (m) and (o), which covers each employee required by Division 2/Z,
				1910.1025 Lead, to use a respirator.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295
This is in addition to other respiratory protection and
				  medical surveillance requirements specified in these Lead
				  rules.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1027 - Cadmium Respiratory Protection Program

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in
				accordance with Division 2/I, 1910.134(b) through (d) (except (d)(1)(iii)), and
				(e) through (m) and (o), which covers each employee required by Division 2/Z,
				1910.1027 Cadmium, to use a respirator.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295
This is in addition to other respiratory protection and
				  medical surveillance requirements specified in these Cadmium
				  rules.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1028 - Benzene Respiratory Protection Program

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in
				accordance with Division 2/I, 1910.134(b) through (d) (except (d)(1)(iii), and
				(d)(3)(iii)(B)(1) and (2)), and (e) through (m) and (o), which covers each
				employee required by Division 2/Z, 1910.1028 Benzene, to use a
				respirator.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295
This is in addition to other respiratory protection and
				  medical surveillance requirements specified in these Benzene
				  rules.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1029 - Coke Oven Emissions Respiratory Protection Program

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in
				accordance with Division 2/I, 1910.134(b) through (d) (except (d)(1)(iii), and
				(d)(3)(iii)(B)(1) and (2)), and (e) through (m) and (o), which covers each
				employee required by Division 2/Z, 1910.1029 Coke Oven Emissions, to use a
				respirator.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295
This is in addition to other respiratory protection and
				  medical surveillance requirements specified in these Coke Oven Emissions
				  rules.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1030 - Additional Oregon Rules for Bloodborne Pathogens

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
Every employer with employees that use medical sharps in direct
				patient care must, at least annually, identify, evaluate, and select
				engineering and work practice controls, including safer medical devices.
(1) This evaluation must involve
			 non-managerial front-line employees responsible for direct patient care.
(2) This evaluation must be done
			 on a facility-by-facility basis. When a facility has multiple departments with
			 specific equipment and/or work practice concerns, the evaluation must involve
			 employees from those departments.
(3) After a device is evaluated and selected,
			 the employer must make a decision on implementing that device.
(a) If a device is not purchased because of
			 employer or employee concerns, those concerns must be documented. However, if
			 the employer does not purchase a device that had employee support, the employer
			 must also document the employee support, as well as the justification for not
			 purchasing that device.
(b) If a
			 device is purchased without the consent of the employees who evaluated it, the
			 employer must document the employees' concerns, as well as the employers'
			 justification for purchasing that device.
(c) All documentation required by
			 437-002-1030(3)
 
			 must be kept as part of the written Exposure Control Plan.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1035 - Oregon Rule for Sharps Injury Log

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
The requirement to establish and maintain a sharps injury log
				applies to any employer who is required to maintain an Exposure Control Plan.
				The sharps injury log must be maintained for 5 years.
Stat. Auth: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 -
				  654.295
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1043 - Cotton Dust Respiratory Protection Program

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in
				accordance with Division 2/I, 1910.134(b) through (d) (except (d)(1)(iii), and
				(d)(3)(iii)(B)(1) and (2)), and (e) through (m) and (o), which covers each
				employee required by Division 2/Z, 1910.1043 Cotton Dust, to use a
				respirator.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295
This is in addition to other respiratory protection and
				  medical surveillance requirements specified in these Cotton Dust
				  rules.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1044 - 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane Respiratory Protection Program

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in
				accordance with Division 2/I, 1910.134(b) through (d) (except (d)(1)(iii)), and
				(e) through (m) and (o), which covers each employee required by Division 2/Z,
				1910.1044 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane, to use a respirator.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295
This is in addition to other respiratory protection and
				  medical surveillance requirements specified in these
				  1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane rules.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1045 - Acrylonitrile Respiratory Protection Program

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in
				accordance with Division 2/I, 1910.134(b) through (d) (except (d)(1)(iii), and
				(d)(3)(iii)(B)(1) and (2)), and (e) through (m) and (o), which covers each
				employee required by Division 2/Z, 1910.1045 Acrylonitrile, to use a
				respirator.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295
This is in addition to other respiratory protection and
				  medical surveillance requirements specified in these Acrylonitrile rules.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1047 - Ethylene Oxide Respiratory Protection Program

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in
				accordance with Division 2/I, 1910.134(b) through (d) (except (d)(1)(iii)), and
				(e) through (m) and (o), which covers each employee required by Division 2/Z,
				1910.1047 Ethylene Oxide, to use a respirator.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295
This is in addition to other respiratory protection and
				  medical surveillance requirements specified in these Ethylene Oxide
				  rules.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1048 - Formaldehyde Respiratory Protection Program

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in
				accordance with Division 2/I, 1910.134(b) through (d) (except (d)(1)(iii), and
				(d)(3)(iii)(B)(1) and (2)), and (e) through (m) and (o), which covers each
				employee required by Division 2/Z, 1910.1048 Formaldehyde, to use a
				respirator.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295
This is in addition to other respiratory protection and
				  medical surveillance requirements specified in these Formaldehyde
				  rules.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1050 - Methylenedianiline Respiratory Protection Program

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in
				accordance with Division 2/I, 1910.134(b) through (d) (except (d)(1)(iii)), and
				(e) through (m) and (o), which covers each employee required by Division 2/Z,
				1910.1050 Methylenedianiline, to use a respirator.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295
This is in addition to other respiratory protection and
				  medical surveillance requirements specified in these Methylenedianiline
				  rules.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1051 - 1,3-Butadiene Respiratory Protection Program

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in
				accordance with Division 2/I, 1910.134(b) through (d) (except (d)(1)(iii), and
				(d)(3)(iii)(B)(1) and (2)), and (e) through (m) and (o), which covers each
				employee required by Division 2/Z, 1910.1051 1,3-Butadiene, to use a
				respirator.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295
This is in addition to other respiratory protection and
				  medical surveillance requirements specified in these 1,3-Butadiene rules.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1052 - Methylene Chloride Respiratory Protection Program

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
The employer must implement a respiratory protection program in
				accordance with Division 2/I, 1910.134(b) through (d) (except (d)(1)(iii)), and
				(e) through (m) and (o), which covers each employee required by Division 2/Z,
				1910.1052 Methylene Chloride, to use a respirator.
Stat. Auth.: ORS 654.025(2) & 656.726(4)
Stats. Implemented: ORS 654.001 - 654.295
This is in addition to other respiratory protection and
				  medical surveillance requirements specified in these Methylene Chloride rules.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1053 - Scope and Application

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
This subdivision applies to all occupational exposures to
				respirable crystalline silica in general industry and construction activities,
				except for the following:
(1)
			 Exposures that result from the processing of sorptive clays.
(2) Operations where objective data
			 demonstrates that employee exposures to respirable crystalline silica will
			 remain below 25 micrograms per cubic meter of air (25 µg/m3) as an 8-hour
			 time-weighted average (TWA) under any foreseeable conditions.
Stat. Auth.: ORS
				  654.025(2),
				  656.726(4).
Stats. Implemented: ORS
				  654.001-
				  654.295
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1055 - Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
Ensure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration
				of respirable crystalline silica in excess of 50 ?g/m3, calculated as an 8-hour
				time-weighted average (TWA).
Stat. Auth.: ORS
				  654.025(2),
				  656.726(4).
Stats. Implemented: ORS
				  654.001-
				  654.295
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1056 - Exposure Assessment

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
This rule requires an evaluation of employee exposure to silica
				using air monitoring or objective data as described in the performance or
				scheduled monitoring options.
(1)
			 Except for the specific conditions allowed for in 437-002-1057, assess the
			 exposure of each employee who is or may reasonably be expected to be exposed to
			 respirable crystalline silica at or above the action level in accordance with
			 either the performance option in paragraph (2) or the scheduled monitoring
			 option in paragraph (3).
(2)
			 Performance option. Assess the 8-hour TWA exposure for each employee on the
			 basis of any combination of air monitoring data or objective data sufficient to
			 accurately characterize employee exposures to respirable crystalline silica.
(3) Scheduled monitoring option.
(a) Perform initial monitoring to assess the
			 8-hour TWA exposure for each employee on the basis of one or more personal
			 breathing zone air samples that reflect the exposures of employees on each
			 shift, for each job classification, in each work area. Where several employees
			 perform the same tasks on the same shift and in the same work area, you may
			 sample a representative fraction of these employees in order to meet this
			 requirement. In representative sampling, sample the employee(s) who are
			 expected to have the highest exposure to respirable crystalline silica.
(b) If initial monitoring
			 indicates that employee exposures are below the action level, you may
			 discontinue monitoring for those employees whose exposures are represented by
			 such monitoring.
(c) Where the
			 most recent exposure monitoring indicates that employee exposures are at or
			 above the action level but at or below the PEL, repeat such monitoring within
			 six months of the most recent monitoring.
(d) Where the most recent exposure monitoring
			 indicates that employee exposures are above the PEL, repeat such monitoring
			 within three months of the most recent monitoring.
(e) Where the most recent (non-initial)
			 exposure monitoring indicates that employee exposures are below the action
			 level, repeat such monitoring within six months of the most recent monitoring
			 until two consecutive measurements, taken 7 or more days apart, are below the
			 action level, at which time you may discontinue monitoring for those employees
			 whose exposures are represented by such monitoring, except as otherwise
			 provided in paragraph (4).
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1057 - Specified exposure control methods

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
This rule lists specific tasks and control measures that do not
				require an exposure assessment and is only applicable to construction and
				construction like-activities.
(1)
			 Fully and properly implement the engineering controls, work practices, and
			 respiratory protection specified for the task on Table 1, unless you assess and
			 limit the exposure of employees to respirable crystalline silica in accordance
			 with 437-002-1056.
(a) When construction
			 employees engage in a task identified on Table 1 of this rule, the exposure
			 assessment in 437-002-1056  is not required when the engineering controls, work
			 practices, and respiratory protection specified are fully and properly
			 implemented for the tasks listed on Table 1 of this rule.
(b) The exposure assessment required by
			 437-002-1056  is not required when non-construction employees, such as building
			 maintenance personnel, engage in a construction-like task, which when
			 performed:
(A) Is indistinguishable from a
			 construction task listed on Table 1; and
(B) The task will not be performed regularly
			 in the same environment and condition; and
(C) The engineering controls, work practices,
			 and respiratory protection specified are fully and properly implemented for the
			 task on Table 1 of this rule.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1058 - Regulated and Restricted Access Areas

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
This rule applies to fixed site regulated areas and restricted
				access areas for construction activities.
(1) Regulated areas at fixed sites.
(a) Establishment. Establish a regulated area
			 wherever an employee's exposure to airborne concentrations of respirable
			 crystalline silica is, or can reasonably be expected to be, in excess of the
			 PEL.
(b) Demarcation. Demarcate
			 regulated areas from the rest of the workplace in a manner that minimizes the
			 number of employees exposed to respirable crystalline silica within the
			 regulated area. Post signs at all entrances to regulated areas that bear the
			 following legend.
DANGER
RESPIRABLE CRYSTALLINE SILICA
MAY CAUSE CANCER
CAUSES DAMAGE TO LUNGS
WEAR RESPIRATORY PROTECTION IN THIS AREA
AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY
(c) Access. Limit access to regulated areas
			 to:
(A) Persons authorized by the employer
			 and required by work duties to be present in the regulated area;
(B) Any person entering such an area as a
			 designated representative of employees for the purpose of exercising the right
			 to observe monitoring procedures under 437-002-1056; and
(C) Any person authorized by the Occupational
			 Safety and Health Act or regulations issued under it to be in a regulated
			 area.
(d) Provision of
			 respirators. Provide each employee and the employee's designated representative
			 entering a regulated area with an appropriate respirator in accordance with
			 437-002-1060  and require each employee and the employee's designated
			 representative use the respirator while in a regulated area.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1059 - Methods of Compliance

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
This rule describes the engineering and work practice controls
				you must use.
(1) Engineering and
			 work practice controls. Use engineering and work practice controls to reduce
			 and maintain employee exposure to respirable crystalline silica to or below the
			 PEL, unless the employer can demonstrate that such controls are not feasible.
			 Wherever such feasible engineering and work practice controls are not
			 sufficient to reduce employee exposure to or below the PEL, use them to reduce
			 employee exposure to the lowest feasible level and supplement them with the use
			 of respiratory protection that complies with the requirements of this
			 subdivision.
(2) Establish and
			 implement a written exposure control plan that contains at least the following
			 elements:
(a) A description of the tasks in
			 the workplace that involve exposure to respirable crystalline silica;
(b) A description of the
			 engineering controls, work practices, and respiratory protection used to limit
			 employee exposure to respirable crystalline silica for each task; and
(c) A description of the
			 housekeeping measures used to limit employee exposure to respirable crystalline
			 silica.
(d) Review and evaluate
			 the effectiveness of the written exposure control plan at least annually and
			 update it as necessary.
(e) For
			 employees engaged in construction activity or using the specified exposure
			 control methods allowed in 437-002-1057, designate a competent person to make
			 frequent and regular inspections of job sites, materials, and equipment to
			 implement the written exposure control plan.
(f) Make the written exposure control plan
			 readily available for examination and copying, upon request, to each employee
			 covered by this subdivision, their designated representatives, the Director of
			 the Oregon Department of Consumer and Business Services, or designee, and the
			 Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH),
			 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or designee.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1060 - Respiratory Protection

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
This rule applies to all respirator use.
(1) General. Where respiratory protection is
			 required by this subdivision, provide each employee an appropriate respirator
			 that complies with the requirements of this rule and 1910.134. Respiratory
			 protection is required:
(a) Where exposures
			 exceed the PEL during periods necessary to install or implement feasible
			 engineering and work practice controls;
(b) Where exposures exceed the PEL during
			 tasks, such as certain maintenance and repair tasks, for which engineering and
			 work practice controls are not feasible;
(c) During tasks for which an employer has
			 implemented all feasible engineering and work practice controls and such
			 controls are not sufficient to reduce exposures to or below the PEL;
(d) When specified by an exposure control
			 method in Table 1, as allowed for in 437-002-1057;
(e) During periods when the employee is in a
			 regulated area.
Oregon Administrative Rules › Chapter 437 - DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER AND BUSINESS SERVICES, OREGON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH DIVISION › Division 2 - GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH RULES › Section 437-002-1061 - Housekeeping

Current through Register Vol. 63, No. 7, July 1, 2024
This rule covers housekeeping requirements for all employers
				covered under the silica rule scope, 437-002-1053.
(1) Do not allow dry sweeping or dry brushing
			 where such activity could contribute to employee exposure to respirable
			 crystalline silica unless wet sweeping, HEPA-filtered vacuuming or other
			 methods that minimize the likelihood of exposure are not feasible.
(2) Do not allow compressed air to be used to
			 clean clothing or surfaces where such activity could contribute to employee
			 exposure to respirable crystalline silica unless:
(a) The compressed air is used in conjunction
			 with a ventilation system that effectively captures the dust cloud created by
			 the compressed air; or
(b) No
			 alternative method is feasible.