Rhode Island Code of Regulations › Title 250 - Department of Environmental Management › Chapter 120 - Air Resources › Subchapter 05 - Air Pollution Control › Part 21 - Air Pollution Control Regulation No. 21- Control of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Printing Operations › Section 250-RICR-120-05-21.5 - Definitions

Current through June 14, 2024
A. Unless otherwise expressly defined in this
				  section, the terms used in this regulation shall be defined by reference to
				  Part 0 of this Subchapter (General Definitions). As used in this regulation,
				  the following terms shall, where the context permits, be construed as follows:
1. "Capture efficiency" means the ratio of
				  VOC emissions delivered to the control device to the total VOC emissions
				  resulting from operation of a flexible package printing press and related
				  cleaning, expressed as a percentage;
2. "Cleaning" means with respect to printing
				  press operations, cleaning of a press or press parts or the removal of dried
				  ink from areas around the press.
a.
				  "Cleaning" does not include cleaning of electronic components, cleaning in
				  platemaking or binding operations, housekeeping activity near a press or the
				  use of a parts washer or cold cleaner.
3. "Cleaning solution" means any liquid
				  solvent or solution used to clean the operating surfaces of a printing press
				  and its parts. For purposes of this regulation, cleaning solutions include, but
				  are not limited to, blanket wash, roller wash, metering roller cleaner, plate
				  cleaner, impression cylinder washes, rubber rejuvenators, and other cleaners
				  used for cleaning a press, press parts, or to remove dried ink or coating from
				  areas around the press.
4.
				  "Coldset" or "non-heatset" means a printing process in which the ink dries on
				  the substrate through ordinary evaporation and absorption. For the purposes of
				  this Part, ultraviolet-cured and electron beam-cured inks are considered
				  coldset or non-heatset.
5. "Control
				  device efficiency" means the ratio of VOC emissions recovered or destroyed by
				  the control device to the total VOC emissions that are introduced into the
				  device, expressed as a percentage.
6. "Emission baseline" means a level of
				  emissions calculated by multiplying two factors:
a. The lowest of the source's actual or
				  allowable emission rate in emissions per unit of production; and
b. The source's actual capacity utilization,
				  or units of production, over some representative time period. Generally, the
				  time period is the preceding two (2) years unless the source can demonstrate
				  that those years were not representative of historical production.
7. "Flexible package" means any
				  package or part of a package the shape of which may be readily changed. A
				  "flexible package" includes any bag, pouch, liner or wrap made of paper,
				  plastic, film, aluminum foil, or metalized or coated film or paper, alone or in
				  combination.
a. Flexible package does not
				  include any folding carton, self-adhesive labels, gift wrap, wall covering,
				  vinyl products, decorative laminates, floor coverings or tissue
				  products.
8.
				  "Flexographic printing" means the application of words, designs and/or pictures
				  to a substrate by means of a roll-printing technique in which the pattern to be
				  applied is raised above the printing roll and the image carrier is made of
				  rubber or other elastomeric materials.
9. "Fountain solution" means with respect to
				  offset lithographic printing, a water-based solution that contains small
				  amounts of gum Arabic or synthetic resins, acids, buffer salts and a wetting
				  agent or dampening aid applied to the image plate to reduce the surface tension
				  of the solution.
10. "Fountain
				  solution reservoir" means the collection tank that accepts fountain solution
				  recirculated from printing unit(s). In some cases, the tanks are equipped with
				  cooling coils for refrigeration of the fountain solution.
11. "Heatset" means a lithographic printing
				  process where the printing inks are set by the evaporation of ink oils in a
				  heatset dryer.
12. "Heatset dryer"
				  means any device used in heatset web offset lithographic printing to heat the
				  printed substrate and to promote the evaporation of ink oils.
13. "Letterpress printing" means a printing
				  process in which the image area is raised relative to the non-image area, and
				  the paste ink is transferred to the substrate directly from the image
				  surface;
14. "Lithographic
				  printing" means a printing process in which the image and non-image areas are
				  chemically differentiated, i.e., the image area is oil receptive and the
				  non-image area is water receptive.
15. "Offset lithographic printing" means a
				  printing process that transfers the ink film from the lithographic plate to an
				  intermediary surface which is a rubber covered roller or blanket, which, in
				  turn, transfers the ink film to the substrate.
16. "Packaging rotogravure printing" means
				  rotogravure printing upon paper, paper board, metal foil, plastic film or other
				  substrates, and other substrates, which are, in subsequent operations, formed
				  into packaging products and labels for articles to be sold.
17. "Printing press" means equipment used to
				  apply words, pictures, or graphic designs to either a continuous substrate or a
				  sheet. A continuous substrate consists of paper, plastic, or other material
				  that is unwound from a roll, passed through coating or ink applicators and any
				  associated drying areas. The press includes all coating and ink applicators and
				  drying areas between unwind and rewind of the continuous substrate. A sheet
				  consists of paper, plastic, or other material that is carried through the
				  process on a moving belt. The press includes all coating and ink applicators
				  and drying operations between the time that the sheet is put on the moving belt
				  until it is taken off.
18.
				  "Publication rotogravure printing" means rotogravure printing upon paper which
				  is subsequently formed into books, magazines, catalogues, brochures,
				  directories, newspaper supplements, or and other types of printed
				  materials.
19. "Retention factor"
				  means the factor relating to the portion of volatile organic compounds
				  contained in inks and cleaning solution is that retained in the printed web or
				  in the shop towels used for cleaning.
20. "Roll printing" means the application of
				  words, designs and/or pictures to a substrate by means of a series of hard
				  rubber or steel rolls each with only partial coverage.
21. "Rotogravure printing" means the
				  application of words, designs and/or pictures to a substrate by means of a
				  roll-printing technique, in which the pattern to be applied by the printing
				  roll is accomplished by an intaglio or recessed image areas in the form of
				  cells.
22. "Sheet-fed printing"
				  means with respect to offset lithographic printing, a process in which
				  individual sheets of paper or other substrate are fed to the press.
23. "Specialty printing" means all other
				  rotogravure and flexographic printing operations, excluding publication
				  printing and packaging printing.
24. "Volatile organic compound" or "VOC"
				  means "Volatile Organic Compound and Halogenated Organic Compound" or "VOC and
				  HOC".
25. "Web printing" means with
				  respect to offset lithographic printing, a process where continuous rolls of
				  substrate material are fed to the press and rewound or cut to size after
				  printing.