Virginia Administrative Code › Title 1 - ADMINISTRATION › Agency 30 - DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL SERVICES › Chapter 45 - CERTIFICATION FOR NONCOMMERCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORIES › Part I - General Provisions › Section 1VAC30-45-40 - Definitions

Current through Register Vol. 40, No. 24, July 15, 2024
The following words and terms when used in this chapter
					 shall have the following meanings unless the context clearly indicates
					 otherwise.
"Acceptance criteria" means specified limits placed on
					 characteristics of an item, process, or service defined in requirement
					 documents.
"Accuracy" means the degree of agreement between an
					 observed value and an accepted reference value. Accuracy includes a combination
					 of random error (precision) and systematic error (bias) components that are due
					 to sampling and analytical operations. Accuracy is an indicator of data
					 quality.
"Algae" means simple single-celled, colonial, or
					 multicelled, mostly aquatic plants, containing chlorophyll and lacking roots,
					 stems and leaves that are either suspended in water (phytoplankton) or attached
					 to rocks and other substrates (periphyton).
"Aliquot" means a portion of a sample taken for
					 analysis.
"Analyte" means the substance , organism, physical
					 parameter, or chemical constituent for which an environmental sample is being
					 analyzed.
"Analytical method" means a technical procedure for
					 providing analysis of a sample, defined by a body such as the Environmental
					 Protection Agency or the American Society for Testing and Materials that may
					 not include the sample preparation method.
"Assessment" means the evaluation process used to measure
					 or establish the performance, effectiveness, and conformance of an organization
					 and its systems or both to defined criteria (i.e., to the standards and
					 requirements of laboratory certification).
"Assessor" means the person assigned by DCLS to perform,
					 alone or as part of an assessment team, an assessment of an environmental
					 laboratory.
"Audit" means a systematic evaluation to determine the
					 conformance to quantitative and qualitative specifications of some operational
					 function or activity.
"Authority" means, in the context of a governmental body or
					 local government, an authority created under the provisions of the Virginia
					 Water and Waste Authorities Act, Chapter 51 (§ 15.2-5100 et seq.) of Title 15.2
					 of the Code of Virginia.
"Batch" means environmental samples that are prepared
					 together or analyzed together or both with the same process and personnel,
					 using the same lot or lots of reagents. "Analytical batch" means a batch
					 composed of prepared environmental samples (extracts, digestates, or
					 concentrates) that are analyzed together as a group. An analytical batch can
					 include prepared samples originating from various environmental matrices and
					 can exceed 20 samples. "Preparation batch" means a batch composed of one to 20
					 environmental samples of the same matrix that meets the criteria in this
					 definition for "batch" and with a maximum time between the start of processing
					 of the first and last sample in the batch to be 24 hours.
"Benthic macroinvertebrates" means bottom dwelling animals
					 without backbones that live at least part of their life cycles within or upon
					 available substrates within a body of water.
"Blank" means a sample that has not been exposed to the
					 analyzed sample stream in order to monitor contamination during sampling,
					 transport, storage or analysis. The blank is subjected to the usual analytical
					 and measurement process to establish a zero baseline or background value and is
					 sometimes used to adjust or correct routine analytical results. Blanks include
					 the following types:
1. Field blank. A blank prepared in the field by filling a
					 clean container with pure deionized water and appropriate preservative, if any,
					 for the specific sampling activity being undertaken.
2. Method blank. A sample of a matrix similar to the batch
					 of associated samples (when available) that is free from the analytes of
					 interest and is processed simultaneously with and under the same conditions as
					 samples through all steps of the analytical procedures, and in which no target
					 analytes or interferences are present at concentrations that impact the
					 analytical results for sample analyses.
"Calibration" means to determine, by measurement or
					 comparison with a standard, the correct value of each scale reading on a meter,
					 instrument or other device. The levels of the applied calibration standard
					 should bracket the range of planned or expected sample measurements.
"Calibration curve" means the graphical relationship
					 between the known values, such as concentrations, of a series of calibration
					 standards and their instrument response.
"Calibration standard" means a substance or reference
					 material used to calibrate an instrument.
"Certified reference material" means a reference material
					 one or more of whose property values are certified by a technically valid
					 procedure, accompanied by or traceable to a certificate or other documentation
					 that is issued by a certifying body.
"Client" or "customer" means the Department of
					 Environmental Quality (DEQ) when used in the context of quality assurance and
					 specific quality control provisions.
"Commercial environmental laboratory" means an
					 environmental laboratory where environmental analysis is performed for another
					 person.
"Corrective action" means the action taken to eliminate the
					 causes of an existing nonconformity, defect or other undesirable situation in
					 order to prevent recurrence.
"DCLS" means the Division of Consolidated Laboratory
					 Services of the Department of General Services.
"Demonstration of capability" means the procedure to
					 establish the ability of the analyst to generate data of acceptable accuracy
					 and precision.
"Detection limit" means the lowest concentration or amount
					 of the target analyte that can be determined to be different from zero by a
					 single measurement at a stated degree of confidence.
"Environmental analysis" or "environmental analyses" means
					 any test, analysis, measurement, or monitoring used for the purposes of the
					 Virginia Air Pollution Control Law, the Virginia Waste Management Act or the
					 State Water Control Law (§ 10.1-1300 et seq., § 10.1-1400 et seq., and §
					 62.1-44.2 et seq., respectively, of the Code of Virginia). For the purposes of
					 these regulations, any test, analysis, measurement, or monitoring required
					 pursuant to the regulations promulgated under these three laws, or by any
					 permit or order issued under the authority of any of these laws or regulations
					 is "used for the purposes" of these laws. The term shall not include the
					 following:
1. Sampling of water, solid and chemical materials,
					 biological tissue, or air and emissions.
2. Field testing and measurement of water, solid and
					 chemical materials, biological tissue, or air and emissions, except when
					 performed in an environmental laboratory rather than at the site where the
					 sample was taken.
3. Taxonomic identification of samples for which there is
					 no national accreditation standard such as algae, benthic macroinvertebrates,
					 macrophytes, vertebrates, and zooplankton.
4. Protocols used pursuant to § 10.1-104.2 of the Code of
					 Virginia to determine soil fertility, animal manure nutrient content, or plant
					 tissue nutrient uptake for the purposes of nutrient management.
5. Geochemical and permeability testing for solid waste
					 compliance.
6. Materials specification for air quality compliance when
					 product certifications specify the data required by an air permit such as fuel
					 type, Btu content, sulfur content, or VOC content.
"Environmental laboratory" or "laboratory" means a facility
					 or a defined area within a facility where environmental analysis is performed.
					 A structure built solely to shelter field personnel and equipment from
					 inclement weather shall not be considered an environmental laboratory.
"Establishment date" means the date set for the
					 accreditation program under 1VAC30-46 and the certification program to be
					 established under this chapter.
"Establishment of certification program" or "established
					 program" means that DCLS has completed the initial accreditation of
					 environmental laboratories covered by 1VAC30-46 and the initial certification
					 of environmental laboratories covered by 1VAC30-45.
"Facility" means something that is built or installed to
					 serve a particular function.
"Field of certification" or "FoC" means those matrix,
					 technology/method, and analyte combinations for which DCLS offers
					 certification.
"Field of proficiency testing" or "FoPT" means the matrix,
					 technology/method, and analyte combinations for which the composition spike
					 concentration ranges and acceptance criteria have been established by the
					 Proficiency Testing Program Executive Committee of TNI.
"Field testing and measurement" means any of the
					 following:
1. Any test for parameters under 40 CFR Part 136 for which
					 the holding time indicated for the sample requires immediate analysis;
					 or
2. Any test defined as a field test in federal
					 regulation.
The following is a limited list of currently recognized
					 field tests or measures that is not intended to be inclusive: continuous
					 emissions monitoring; online monitoring; flow monitoring; tests for pH,
					 residual chlorine, temperature and dissolved oxygen; and field analysis for
					 soil gas.
"Finding" means an assessment conclusion referenced to a
					 laboratory certification standard and supported by objective evidence that
					 identifies a deviation from a laboratory certification standard
					 requirement.
"Governmental body" means any department, agency, bureau,
					 authority, or district of the United States government, of the government of
					 the Commonwealth of Virginia, or of any local government within the
					 Commonwealth of Virginia.
"Holding time" means the maximum time that can elapse
					 between two specified activities.
"International System of Units (SI)" means the coherent
					 system of units adopted and recommended by the General Conference on Weights
					 and Measures.
"Laboratory control sample" or "LCS" means a sample matrix,
					 free from the analytes of interest, spiked with verified known amounts of
					 analytes or a material containing known and verified amounts of analytes. It is
					 generally used to establish intra-laboratory or analyst specific precision and
					 bias or to assess the performance of all or a portion of the measurement
					 system. "Laboratory control sample" or "LCS" may also be named laboratory
					 fortified blank, spiked blank, or QC check sample.
"Laboratory manager" means the person who has overall
					 responsibility for the technical operation of the environmental laboratory and
					 who exercises actual day-to-day supervision of laboratory operation for the
					 appropriate fields of testing and reporting of results. The title of this
					 person may include laboratory director, technical director, laboratory
					 supervisor, or laboratory manager.
"Legal entity" means an entity, other than a natural
					 person, that has sufficient existence in legal contemplation that it can
					 function legally, be sued or sue, and make decisions through agents as in the
					 case of corporations.
"Limit of detection" or "LOD" means an estimate of the
					 minimum amount of a substance that an analytical process can reliably detect.
					 An LOD is analyte and matrix specific and may be laboratory dependent.
"Limit of quantitation" or "LOQ" means the minimum levels,
					 concentrations, or quantities of a target variable (e.g., target analyte) that
					 can be reported with a specified degree of confidence.
"Local government" means a municipality (city or town),
					 county, sanitation district, or authority.
"Macrophytes" means any aquatic or terrestrial plant
					 species that can be identified and observed with the eye, unaided by
					 magnification.
"Matrix" means the component or substrate that may contain
					 the analyte of interest. A matrix can be a field of certification matrix or a
					 quality system matrix.
1. Field of certification matrix. These matrix definitions
					 shall be used when certifying a laboratory.
a. Nonpotable water. Any aqueous sample that has not been
					 designated a potable or potential potable water source. Includes surface water,
					 groundwater, effluents, water treatment chemicals, and TCLP or other
					 extracts.
b. Solid and chemical materials. Includes soils, sediments,
					 sludges, products, and byproducts of an industrial process that results in a
					 matrix not previously defined.
c. Biological tissue. Any sample of a biological origin
					 such as fish tissue, shellfish, or plant material. Such samples shall be
					 grouped according to origin.
d. Air and emissions. Whole gas or vapor samples including
					 those contained in flexible or rigid wall containers and the extracted
					 concentrated analytes of interest from a gas or vapor that are collected with a
					 sorbent tube, impinger solution, filter or other device.
2. Quality system matrix. For purposes of batch and quality
					 control requirement determinations, the following matrix types shall be
					 used:
a. Drinking water. Any aqueous sample that has been
					 designated a potable or potential potable water source.
b. Aqueous. Any aqueous sample excluded from the definition
					 of drinking water matrix or saline/estuarine source. Includes surface water,
					 groundwater, effluents, and TCLP or other extracts.
c. Saline/estuarine. Any aqueous sample from an ocean or
					 estuary, or other salt water source.
d. Nonaqueous liquid. Any organic liquid with less than 15%
					 settleable solids.
e. Biological tissue. Any sample of a biological origin
					 such as fish tissue, shellfish, or plant material. Such samples shall be
					 grouped according to origin.
f. Solids. Includes soils, sediments, sludges, and other
					 matrices with more than 15% settleable solids.
g. Chemical waste. A product or byproduct of an industrial
					 process that results in a matrix not previously defined.
h. Air and emissions. Whole gas or vapor samples including
					 those contained in flexible or rigid wall containers and the extracted
					 concentrated analytes of interest from a gas or vapor that are collected with a
					 sorbent tube, impinger solution, filter, or other device.
"Matrix spike (spiked sample or fortified sample)" means a
					 sample prepared by adding a known mass of target analyte to a specified amount
					 of matrix sample for which an independent estimate of target analyte
					 concentration is available. Matrix spikes are used, for example, to determine
					 the effect of the matrix on a method's recovery efficiency.
"Matrix spike duplicate (spiked sample or fortified sample
					 duplicate)" means a second replicate matrix spike prepared in the laboratory
					 and analyzed to obtain a measure of the precision of the recovery for each
					 analyte.
"National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation
					 Conference" or "NELAC" means a voluntary organization of state and federal
					 environmental officials and interest groups with the primary purpose to
					 establish mutually acceptable standards for accrediting environmental
					 laboratories. NELAC preceded the formation of The NELAC Institute or
					 TNI.
"National Institute of Standards and Technology" or "NIST"
					 means an agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce's Technology Administration
					 that is working with EPA, states, NELAC, and other public and commercial
					 entities to establish a system under which private sector companies and
					 interested states can be certified by NIST to provide NIST-traceable
					 proficiency testing (PT) samples.
"Negative control" means measures taken to ensure that a
					 test, its components, or the environment do not cause undesired effects, or
					 produce incorrect test results.
"Noncommercial environmental laboratory" means either of
					 the following:
1. An environmental laboratory where environmental analysis
					 is performed solely for the owner of the laboratory.
2. An environmental laboratory where the only performance
					 of environmental analysis for another person is one of the following:
a. Environmental analysis performed by an environmental
					 laboratory owned by a local government for an owner of a small wastewater
					 treatment system treating domestic sewage at a flow rate of less than or equal
					 to 1,000 gallons per day.
b. Environmental analysis performed by an environmental
					 laboratory operated by a corporation as part of a general contract issued by a
					 local government to operate and maintain a wastewater treatment system or a
					 waterworks.
c. Environmental analysis performed by an environmental
					 laboratory owned by a corporation as part of the prequalification process or to
					 confirm the identity or characteristics of material supplied by a potential or
					 existing customer or generator as required by a hazardous waste management
					 permit under 9VAC20-60.
d. Environmental analysis performed by an environmental
					 laboratory owned by a Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) for an industrial
					 source of wastewater under a permit issued by the POTW to the industrial source
					 as part of the requirements of a pretreatment program under Part VII
					 (9VAC25-31-730
					 et seq.) of 9VAC25-31.
e. Environmental analysis performed by an environmental
					 laboratory owned by a county authority for any municipality within the county's
					 geographic jurisdiction when the environmental analysis pertains solely to the
					 purpose for which the authority was created.
f. Environmental analysis performed by an environmental
					 laboratory owned by an authority or a sanitation district for any participating
					 local government of the authority or sanitation district when the environmental
					 analysis pertains solely to the purpose for which the authority or sanitation
					 district was created.
"Owner" means any person who owns, operates, leases, or
					 controls an environmental laboratory.
"Person" means an individual, corporation, partnership,
					 association, company, business, trust, joint venture, or other legal
					 entity.
"Physical," for the purposes of fee test categories, means
					 the tests to determine the physical properties of a sample. Tests for solids,
					 turbidity, and color are examples of physical tests.
"Positive control" means measures taken to ensure that a
					 test or its components are working properly and producing correct or expected
					 results from positive test subjects.
"Precision" means the degree to which a set of observations
					 or measurements of the same property, obtained under similar conditions,
					 conform to themselves. Precision is an indicator of data quality. Precision is
					 expressed usually as standard deviation, variance, or range, in either absolute
					 or relative terms.
"Primary accreditation body" means the accreditation body
					 responsible for assessing a laboratory's total quality system, on-site
					 assessment, and PT performance tracking for fields of accreditation.
"Proficiency test or testing " or "PT" means a process to
					 evaluate a laboratory's performance under controlled conditions relative to a
					 given set of criteria through analysis of unknown samples provided by an
					 external source.
"Proficiency test (PT) sample" means a sample, the
					 composition of which is unknown to the laboratory and is provided to test
					 whether the laboratory can produce analytical results within specified
					 acceptance criteria.
"Proficiency testing (PT) program" means the aggregate of
					 providing rigorously controlled and standardized environmental samples to a
					 laboratory for analysis, reporting of results, statistical evaluation of the
					 results, and the collective demographics and results summary of all
					 participating laboratories.
"Program," in the context of a regulatory program, means
					 the relevant U.S. Environmental Protection Agency program such as the water
					 program under the Clean Water Act (CWA), the air program under the Clean Air
					 Act (CAA), the waste program under the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
					 Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund), or the waste program
					 under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
"Publicly Owned Treatment Works" or "POTW" means a
					 treatment works as defined by § 212 of the CWA, which is owned by a state or
					 municipality (as defined by § 502(4) of the CWA). This definition includes any
					 devices and systems used in the storage, treatment, recycling, and reclamation
					 of municipal sewage or industrial wastes of a liquid nature. It also includes
					 sewers, pipes, and other conveyances only if they convey wastewater to a POTW
					 treatment plant. The term also means the municipality as defined in § 502(4) of
					 the CWA, which has jurisdiction over the indirect discharges to and the
					 discharges from such a treatment works.
"Quality assurance" or "QA" means an integrated system of
					 management activities involving planning, implementation, assessment,
					 reporting, and quality improvement to ensure that a process, item, or service
					 is of the type and quality needed and expected by the client.
"Quality assurance officer" means the person who has
					 responsibility for the quality system and its implementation. Where staffing is
					 limited, the quality assurance officer may also be the laboratory
					 manager.
"Quality control" or "QC" means the overall system of
					 technical activities that measures the attributes and performance of a process,
					 item, or service against defined standards to verify that they meet the stated
					 requirements established by the customer; operational techniques and activities
					 that are used to fulfill requirements for quality; and also the system of
					 activities and checks used to ensure that measurement systems are maintained
					 within prescribed limits, providing protection against "out of control"
					 conditions and ensuring that the results are of acceptable quality.
"Quality manual" means a document stating the management
					 policies, objectives, principles, organizational structure and authority,
					 responsibilities, accountability, and implementation of an agency,
					 organization, or laboratory, to ensure the quality of its product and the
					 utility of its product to its users.
"Quality system" means a structured and documented
					 management system describing the policies, objectives, principles,
					 organizational authority, responsibilities, accountability, and implementation
					 plan of an organization for ensuring quality in its work processes, products
					 (items), and services. The quality system provides the framework for planning,
					 implementing, and assessing work performed by the organization and for carrying
					 out required quality assurance and quality control activities.
"Range" means the difference between the minimum and
					 maximum of a set of values.
"Reference material" means a material or substance one or
					 more properties of which are sufficiently well established to be used for the
					 calibration of an apparatus, the assessment of a measurement test method, or
					 for assigning values to materials.
"Reference standard" means a standard, generally of the
					 highest metrological quality available at a given location, from which
					 measurements made at that location are derived.
"Responsible official" means one of the following, as
					 appropriate:
1. If the laboratory is owned or operated by a private
					 corporation, "responsible official" means
(i) a president, secretary, treasurer, or a vice-president
					 of the corporation in charge of a principal business function, or any other
					 person who performs similar policy-making or decision-making functions for the
					 corporation or
(ii) the manager of one or more manufacturing, production,
					 or operating facilities employing more than 250 persons or having gross annual
					 sales or expenditures exceeding $25 million (in second-quarter 1980 dollars),
					 if authority to sign documents has been assigned or delegated in accordance
					 with corporate procedures.
2. If the laboratory is owned or operated by a partnership,
					 association, or a sole proprietor, "responsible official" means a general
					 partner, officer of the association, or the proprietor, respectively.
3. If the laboratory is owned or operated by a governmental
					 body, "responsible official" means a director or highest official appointed or
					 designated to oversee the operation and performance of the activities of the
					 environmental laboratory.
4. Any person designated as the responsible official by an
					 individual described in subdivision 1, 2, or 3 of this definition, provided the
					 designation is in writing, the designation specifies an individual or position
					 with responsibility for the overall operation of the environmental laboratory,
					 and the designation is submitted to DCLS.
"Sampling" means an activity related to obtaining a
					 representative sample of the object of conformity assessment, according to a
					 procedure.
"Sanitation district" means a sanitation district created
					 under the provisions of Chapters 3 (§ 21-141 et seq.) through 5 (§ 21-291 et
					 seq.) of Title 21 of the Code of Virginia.
"Selectivity" means the ability to analyze, distinguish,
					 and determine a specific analyte from another component that may be a potential
					 interferent or that may behave similarly to the target analyte within the
					 measurement system.
"Sewage" means the water-carried human wastes from
					 residences, buildings, industrial establishments, or other places together with
					 such industrial wastes and underground, surface, storm, or other water as may
					 be present.
"Simple test procedures" or "STP" means any of the
					 following:
1. Field testing and measurement performed in an
					 environmental laboratory.
2. The test procedures to determine:
a. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) or carbonaceous BOD
					 (CBOD);
b. Fecal coliform;
c. Total coliform;
d. Fecal streptococci;
e. E. coli;
f. Enterococci;
g. Settleable solids (SS);
h. Total dissolved solids (TDS);
i. Total solids (TS);
j. Total suspended solids (TSS);
k. Total volatile solids (TVS); and
l. Total volatile suspended solids (TVSS).
"Standard operating procedure" or "SOP" means a written
					 document that details the method for an operation, analysis, or action with
					 thoroughly prescribed techniques and steps. An SOP is officially approved as
					 the method for performing certain routine or repetitive tasks.
"Standardized reference material" or "SRM" means a
					 certified reference material produced by the U.S. National Institute of
					 Standards and Technology or other equivalent organization and characterized for
					 absolute content, independent of analytical method.
"System laboratory" means a noncommercial laboratory that
					 analyzes samples from multiple facilities having the same owner.
"Test" means a technical operation that consists of the
					 determination of one or more characteristics or performance of a given product,
					 material, equipment, organism, physical phenomenon, process, or service
					 according to a specified procedure.
"Test, analysis, measurement or monitoring required
					 pursuant to the Virginia Air Pollution Control Law" means any method of
					 analysis required by the Virginia Air Pollution Control Law (§ 10.1-1300 et
					 seq.); by the regulations promulgated under this law (9VAC5) including any
					 method of analysis listed either in the definition of "reference method" in
					 9VAC5-10-20, or
					 listed or adopted by reference in 9VAC5; or by any permit or order issued under
					 and in accordance with this law and these regulations.
"Test, analysis, measurement or monitoring required
					 pursuant to the Virginia Waste Management Act" means any method of analysis
					 required by the Virginia Waste Management Act (§ 10.1-1400 et seq.); by the
					 regulations promulgated under this law (9VAC20), including any method of
					 analysis listed or adopted by reference in 9VAC20; or by any permit or order
					 issued under and in accordance with this law and these regulations.
"Test, analysis, measurement or monitoring required
					 pursuant to the Virginia Water Control Law" means any method of analysis
					 required by the Virginia Water Control Law (§ 62.1-44.2 et seq.); by the
					 regulations promulgated under this law (9VAC25), including any method of
					 analysis listed or adopted by reference in 9VAC25; or by any permit or order
					 issued under and in accordance with this law and these regulations.
"Test method" means an adoption of a scientific technique
					 for performing a specific measurement as documented in a laboratory standard
					 operating procedure or as published by a recognized authority.
"The NELAC Institute" or "TNI" means the organization whose
					 standards environmental laboratories must meet to become accredited under
					 1VAC30-46, the regulation governing commercial environmental laboratories in
					 Virginia.
"Toxicity characteristic leachate procedure" or "TCLP"
					 means Test Method 1311 in "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,
					 Physical/Chemical Methods," EPA Publication SW-846, as incorporated by
					 reference in
					 40 CFR
					 260.11. This method is used to determine
					 whether a solid waste exhibits the characteristic of toxicity (see
					 40 CFR
					 261.24) .
"Traceability" meansthe property of a result of a
					 measurement whereby it can be related to appropriate standards, generally
					 international or national standards, through an unbroken chain of
					 comparisons.
"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency" or "EPA" means the
					 federal government agency with responsibility for protecting, safeguarding, and
					 improving the natural environment (i.e., air, water, and land) upon which human
					 life depends.
"Virginia Air Pollution Control Law" means Chapter 13 (§
					 10.1-1300 et seq.) of Title 10.1 of the Code of Virginia, which is titled "Air
					 Pollution Control Board."
"Virginia Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program"
					 or "VELAP" means the program DCLS operates to certify environmental
					 laboratories under this chapter.
"Wastewater" means liquid and water-carried industrial
					 wastes and domestic sewage from residential dwellings, commercial buildings,
					 industrial and manufacturing facilities, and institutions.
"Waterworks" means each system of structures and appliances
					 used in connection with the collection, storage, purification, and treatment of
					 water for drinking or domestic use and the distribution thereof to the public,
					 except distribution piping.
"Zooplankton" means microscopic animals that float freely
					 with voluntary movement in a body of water.
Statutory Authority: § 2.2-1105 of the Code of
						Virginia.