South Dakota Administrative Rules › Title 74 - Department of Environment And Natural Resources › Article 74:02 - Water rights › Chapter 74:02:04 - Well construction standards › Section 74:02:04:20 - Definitions

Current through Register Vol. 51, page 10, July 15, 2024
Terms defined by SDCL chapters 46-1 to 46-6, inclusive, have the same
	 meanings when used in this chapter. In addition, terms used in this chapter
	 mean:
(1) "ANSI," American National
  Standards Institute, Inc.;
(2)
  "ASTM," American Society for Testing Materials;
(3) "AWWA," American Water Works
  Association;
(4) "Abandoned well or
  test hole," a well or test hole whose original purpose and use has been
  permanently discontinued, which is in such a state of disrepair that its
  original purpose cannot be reasonably achieved, or which is abandoned pursuant
  to SDCL 46-6-27;
(5) "Acidizing," the process of introducing
  acid into an acid-soluble formation for the purpose of enlarging the pore space
  by dissolving the surrounding formation, removing encrustants from well screen
  and gravel pack, and dissolving cemented materials;
(6) "Adequate well," a well constructed or
  rehabilitated to allow various withdrawal methods to be used, to allow the
  inlet to the pump to be placed not less than 20 feet into the saturated aquifer
  or formation material when the well is constructed, or to allow the pump to be
  placed as near to the bottom of the aquifer as is practical if the aquifer
  thickness is less than 20 feet;
(7)
  "Adversely impacted domestic well," a well in which the pump intake was set at
  least 20 feet below the top of the aquifer at the time of construction or, if
  the aquifer is less than 20 feet thick, is as near to the bottom of the aquifer
  as is practical and the water level of the aquifer has declined to a level that
  the pump will no longer deliver sufficient water for the well owner's
  needs;
(8) "Annular space,"
  "annulus," the space between two concentric cylinders or circular objects, such
  as the space between the borehole wall and the casing or between two
  casings;
(9) "Approved," acceptable
  under an applicable standard of this chapter or accepted as suitable for the
  proposed use by the water management board or chief engineer;
(10) "Aquifer," a geologic formation, a group
  of geologic formations, or part of a geologic formation that contains
  sufficient saturated permeable material to yield quantities of groundwater to
  wells and springs;
(11) "Artesian
  aquifer," a confined aquifer;
(12)
  "Artesian pressure," the natural force which causes water in a well penetrating
  an aquifer to rise above the top of the aquifer and produces flowing wells when
  the pressure is sufficient to force the water above the land surface;
(13) "Bedrock," any geologic formation or
  sediment of Pliocene age or older, including the following formations:
  Ogallala, Arikaree, Hell Creek, Fox Hills, Niobrara, Codell, Dakota, Inyan
  Kara, Minnelusa, Madison, and Deadwood;
(14) "Bentonite," a highly plastic, colloidal
  clay composed largely of the mineral montmorillonite;
(15) "Bentonite grout," a mixture consisting
  of a high solids, sodium bentonite material, approved by the chief engineer,
  which has been commercially manufactured and specially formulated for use as a
  well casing seal or to plug a borehole or abandoned well;
(16) "Casing," a tubular structure, generally
  of metal, concrete, or thermoplastic, which is installed in the hole to
  maintain the well opening;
(17)
  "Centralizer," a device used to center the casing in the hole;
(18) "Cement grout," a mixture consisting of
  a high-sulfate-resistant type Portland cement and no more than six gallons of
  water for each 94-pound sack of cement;
(19) "Cementing," the process of mixing and
  placing cement grout in a hole to prevent the vertical movement of fluids in
  the hole or the annulus;
(20)
  "Clay," a fine-grained inorganic material, less than 0.0002 inches or less than
  0.004 millimeters in diameter, which has very low permeability;
(21) "Confined aquifer," "artesian aquifer,"
  an aquifer in which the groundwater is isolated from the atmosphere by geologic
  formations of low permeability and in which the water levels of wells completed
  into the aquifer rise above the top of the aquifer;
(22) "Diameter," the commercially designated
  nominal inside dimension for pipe sizes 1/8 to 12 inches, inclusive, and the
  outside dimension of pipe 14 inches and larger;
(23) "Drawdown," the difference in levels
  between the static water level and the pumping or dynamic water level in a
  well;
(24) "Driven well," a well
  constructed in an unconsolidated formation by driving the casing from the
  ground surface to the final casing depth as the well is deepened;
(25) "Geophysical logging," a technique that
  measures a physical, chemical, or radioactive property of the subsurface,
  either characteristic of the formation fluid or of the formation in which the
  fluid occurs, such as resistivity and self-potential logging (electric
  logging), gamma and neutron logging (radiation logging), caliper logging,
  temperature logging, and photographic logging;
(26) "Gravel-packed well," a well in which
  filter material is placed in the annular space to help prevent fine-grain
  sediments from entering the well and to stabilize the sediments around the well
  screen;
(27) "Grout," a slurry
  which is used to form a permanent, impervious seal in the annular space or to
  fill and seal abandoned holes or wells;
(28) "Heat of hydration," the heat evolved
  during the setting and hardening of Portland cement or cement grout;
(29) "Horizontal closed-loop system," a
  continuous length of sealed pipe that is installed in trenches or ditches with
  the ends connected to a water-to-air heat pump allowing the system to transfer
  heat from the ground to the liquid in the pipe or to transfer heat from the
  liquid to the ground;
(30)
  "Hydraulic collapse resistance," the capability of well casing to withstand
  collapsing pressure under external loads;
(31) "Low permeability," permeability of
  .000001 centimeters per second or less;
(32) "Minimum well," a well that at least
  meets the provisions of SDCL chapter 46-6 and this chapter;
(33) "NSF," National Sanitation
  Foundation;
(34) "Observation or
  monitoring well," a cased well used for measuring groundwater levels or
  collecting water samples;
(35)
  "Packer," a device placed in a well for the purpose of sealing an annular
  space;
(36) "Perforations," a
  series of openings in a well casing made either before or after installation of
  the casing to permit the entrance of water into the well;
(37) "Pitless unit" or "pitless adapter," a
  unit or adapter designed to permit water service pipes to pass through the wall
  of the well casing below the frostline, to prevent entrance of contaminants,
  and to provide full access to the water system components within the
  well;
(38) "Pollution source,"
  anything that causes groundwater pollution, including the following:
(a) Wastes, point source, and pollutant as
  defined by SDCL
  34A-2-2;
(b) Wastewater absorption,
  evapotranspiration, and graywater systems;
(c) Seepage pits, cesspools, NoDak systems,
  mounds, and pit privies as described by chapter 74:53:01; and
(d) Barnyards, barn gutters, feedlots, animal
  pens, and farm silos;