Pennsylvania Code › Title 67 - TRANSPORTATION › Part I - Department of Transportation › Subpart B - Nonvehicle Code Provisions › Article IV - Air Transportation › Chapter 471 - AIRPORT RATING AND LICENSING › Appendix A

Current through Register Vol. 54, No. 28, July 13, 2024
Public Airport
Scheduled Service/General Aviation
Criteria
								A
Basic Utility
Criteria B
Sport/Ultralight
Criteria C
Seaplane
Criteria D
Private Airport
Group
Criteria E
Individual
Criteria F
Private Airport
Sport/Ultralight
Criteria G
Seaplane
Criteria H
Public Heliport
Criteria
								I
Private Heliport
Criteria
								J
CRITERIA A
Public Airport-Scheduled Service/General
						Aviation
(a) The minimum runway length is 2,200 feet plus a 7%
						additional length factor for each 1,000 feet of elevation that the runway is
						above mean sea level, rounded up to the nearest 5 foot increment. Example: An
						airport at 500 feet above mean sea level would require a minimum length of 2280
						feet.
(b) The minimum runway primary surface width is 250 feet
						or 125 feet either side of the runway centerline. The landing surface shall be
						centered within the primary surface. The minimum width of a turf runway is 100
						feet. The minimum width of a paved runway surface is 50 feet.
(c) A paved runway shall have an obstacle free zone,
						extending 200 feet beyond the end of each visual utility runway, the same width
						as the primary surface.
(d) A runway end shall have an obstruction free approach
						surface with a slope of 20 feet horizontal to 1 foot vertical. The following
						are approach surface dimensions:
(1) The centerline of this surface shall extend outward
						and upward 5,000 feet along the runway extended centerline.
(2) The surface shall extend laterally 125 feet on each
						side of the centerline of the runway approach threshold and shall increase
						uniformly in width to 625 feet on each side of the centerline at a point 5,000
						feet from the end of the primary surface.
(3) The approach surface shall begin at the runway end
						for a turf runway and 200 feet beyond the end of a paved runway.
(e) A runway other than visual shall conform to
						applicable FAR Part 77 Civil Airport Runway Approach Surfaces. The Bureau will
						acknowledge and consider mitigation factors as determined by the FAA when
						determining compliance with this criterion.
(f) A runway shall have an obstruction free transitional
						surface with a slope of 7 feet horizontal to 1 foot vertical extending from the
						side of the runway primary surface and the sides of the approach surface to an
						elevation 150 feet above the airport elevation.
(g) Runway thresholds shall be a minimum of 200 feet from
						airport property line as measured along the runway extended centerline.
(h) A runway shall be marked.
(1)
Turf runway.
Turf runway ends and
						displaced thresholds shall be marked. Edge markers shall be placed at intervals
						not exceeding 200 feet along each side of the runway for its entire
						length.
(2)
Paved runway.
A paved runway shall be
						marked. For the dimensions and spacing of the markings see the current edition
						of the FAA Advisory Circular relating to runway markings.
(i) For planning purposes, principal runway alignment for
						new airports should be in the direction of the prevailing winds. Runway
						alignment other than into the prevailing winds, may restrict use of the airport
						during conditions where crosswind velocities exceed the crosswind component of
						the aircraft.
(j) A wind indicator shall be installed at a location
						that adequately indicates the surface wind direction and velocity. The wind
						indicator shall be lighted where night operations are to be conducted.
(k) The runway surface longitudinal and transverse grade
						may not exceed 2.0 %. It is desirable that a line-of-sight standard exist along
						the entire length of the runway. Runway grade changes should be such that any 2
						points 5 feet above the runway centerline will be mutually visible for the
						entire length of the runway.
(l) If night operations are to be conducted at the
						airport, runway edge lighting shall be installed to define the lateral and
						longitudinal limits of the useable landing area. Lights shall be installed in
						accordance with the current edition of the FAA Advisory Circular related to
						runway lighting.
(m) A rotating beacon shall be installed for night
						operations at public airports.
(n) Telephone service shall be available during hours of
						operation. Emergency contact information shall be posted near the
						telephone.
(o) A first aid kit shall be available.
(p) A traffic pattern diagram with altitudes shall be
						posted and visible to the aviation public.
(q) A favorable airspace determination by the FAA shall
						be required prior to final licensing.
(r) The airport license must be posted and visible to the
						aviation public.
(s) Fire extinguishing equipment shall be available for
						emergency fire protection. See NFPA Codes and local fire codes for appropriate
						guidelines.
(t) Where public fueling services are provided use NFPA
						Codes for guidelines for storage and distribution of fuels.
(u) Issuance of a license does not preempt other State,
						federal or local zoning or permitting requirements.
(a) The minimum runway length is 1,600 feet.
(1) The minimum required runway length will be increased
						where required to accommodate a family of airplanes having similar performance
						characteristics or a specific airplane needing the longest runway and will be
						based on the performance data obtained from the aircraft flight manuals.
(2) Runway length will be that length needed for take-off
						ground run or landing ground run whichever is greater, factored for density
						altitude (85°F day; runway elevation above sea level); plus a factor for
						grass. The grass factor may be that required by the manufacturer. If the
						manufacturer requires no grass factor, a factor of 10% for conventional landing
						gear or 15% for tricycle landing gear will be used. An additional safety factor
						of 20% shall also be applied.
(3) If the aircraft performance data is not available
						from the aircraft flight manual, due to its vintage or modifications, the
						Bureau may accept a written statement by the applicant-aircraft owner-as to
						aircraft performance and runway length needed. Performance data may be
						considered, using less than maximum certificated takeoff weight-down loaded
						condition, if requested in writing by the applicant, to meet minimum runway
						length requirements.
(4) Displacement of runway thresholds may be used to
						reduce or eliminate approach slope obstructions as long as sufficient effective
						runway length remains.
(b) The minimum runway primary surface width is 180 feet
						or 90 feet either side of the runway centerline. The landing surface shall be
						centered within the primary surface. The minimum width of a paved runway is 50
						feet. The minimum width of a turf runway is 100 feet. The runway primary
						surface shall extend 200 feet beyond the end of a paved runway and to the end
						of a turf runway.
(c) A runway end shall have an obstruction free approach
						surface with a slope of 20 feet horizontal to 1 foot vertical. The following
						are approach surface dimensions for a visual runway.
(1) The centerline of this surface shall extend outward
						and upward 5,000 feet along the runway extended centerline.
(2) The surface shall extend laterally from each edge of
						the primary surface at the runway approach threshold and increase uniformly in
						width to 625 feet on each side of the centerline at a point 5,000 feet from the
						end of the primary surface.
(3) The approach surface shall begin at the runway end
						for an unpaved runway and at a point 200 feet beyond the end of a paved
						runway.
(d) A runway shall have an obstruction free transitional
						surface with a slope of 7 feet horizontal to 1 foot vertical extending from the
						side of the runway primary surface and the sides of the approach surface to an
						elevation 150 feet above the airport elevation.
(e) Runway landing thresholds shall be a minimum of 200
						feet from the airport property line along the runway extended
						centerline.
(f) A runway shall be marked.
(1)
Turf runways.
Runway ends shall be
						marked. Edge markers shall be placed at intervals not exceeding 200 feet along
						each side of the runway for its entire length.
(2)
Paved runway.
Runway numbers shall be
						marked at each end.
(3) Runway threshold displacements shall be
						marked.
(g) For planning purposes, principal runway alignment for
						new airports should be in the direction of the prevailing wind. Runway
						alignment, other than into the prevailing wind, may restrict use of the airport
						during conditions where crosswind velocities exceed the crosswind component of
						the aircraft.
(h) Operations are intended for day, visual
						meteorological conditions (VMC).
(i) A wind indicator shall be installed at a location
						that adequately indicates surface wind direction and velocity. The wind
						indicator shall be lighted if night operations are to be conducted.
(j) The runway longitudinal and transverse gradient
						should not exceed 4.0%.
(k) Telephone service should be available during hours of
						operation. Emergency contact information should be posted near the
						telephone.
(l) Fire extinguishing equipment should be available for
						emergency fire protection. See NFPA Codes and local fire codes for appropriate
						guidelines.
(m) A traffic pattern diagram with altitudes shall be
						posted and visible to the aviation public.
(n) A favorable airspace determination from the FAA shall
						be required prior to license.
(o) Issuance of a license does not preempt other state,
						federal or local zoning or permitting requirements.
(a) The minimum runway length shall be 1,000 feet. The
						runway should be aligned within 40° of the prevailing wind. Longitudinal
						and transverse gradients should not exceed 4%.
(b) A runway end shall have an obstruction free approach
						surface with a slope of 15 feet horizontal to 1 foot vertical. The following
						are approach surface dimensions:
(1) The centerline of this surface shall extend outward
						and upward 1,000 feet along the extended runway centerline.
(2) The surface shall extend laterally 50 feet on each
						side of the centerline of the runway approach threshold and increase uniformly
						in width to 100 feet on each side of the centerline at a point 1,000 feet from
						the runway end.
(3) The approach surface shall begin at the runway
						end.
(c) The minimum runway width shall be 100 feet.
(d) A runway shall have an obstruction free transitional
						surface with a slope of 3 feet horizontal to 1 foot vertical extending from the
						side of the runway surface and the sides of the approach surface.
(e) Runway landing thresholds shall be a minimum of 200
						feet from the airport property line as measured along the extended runway
						centerline.
(f) Runway ends shall be marked. Edge markers shall be
						placed at intervals not exceeding 200 feet along each side of the runway for
						its entire length.
(g) For planning purposes, principal runway alignment for
						new airports should be in the direction of the prevailing wind. Runway
						alignment, other than into the prevailing winds may restrict use of the airport
						during conditions where crosswind velocities exceed the crosswind component of
						the aircraft.
(h) A wind indicator shall be installed at a location
						that adequately indicates the surface wind direction and velocity.
(i) Night operations are not authorized.
(j) Telephone service should be available during hours of
						operation. Emergency contact information should be posted near the
						telephone.
(k) A traffic pattern diagram with altitudes shall be
						posted and visible to the aviation public.
(l) The airport license shall be posted and visible to
						the aviation public.
(m) The airport operator should provide fire
						extinguishing equipment for emergency fire protection.
(n) A favorable airspace determination from the FAA shall
						be required prior to final licensing.
(o) Issuance of a license does not preempt other State,
						federal or local zoning or permitting requirements.
(a) The minimum landing lane length is 2,500 feet. The
						length of the landing lane shall be increased by 7% per 1,000 feet of elevation
						above sea level. The additional length factor is calculated proportionately
						using a ratio of 7% for each 1000 feet of elevation that the runway is above
						mean sea level, rounded up to the nearest 5-foot increment. (i.e. An airport at
						500 feet above mean sea level would require a minimum length of 2,590
						feet.)
(b) The minimum primary surface width is 200 feet or 100
						feet each side of the landing lane centerline. The landing lane minimum width
						is at least 100 feet and centered within the primary surface.
(c) A minimum water depth of 3 feet is required at all
						points within the primary surface.
(d) A landing lane shall have an obstruction free
						approach surface with a slope of 20 feet horizontal to 1 foot vertical. The
						following are the approach slope dimensions:
(1) The centerline shall extend outward and upward for
						5,000 feet along the landing lane extended centerline.
(2) The surface shall extend laterally 100 feet each side
						of the centerline, beginning at the landing lane threshold and increase
						uniformly to 625 feet each side of the centerline at a point 5,000 feet from
						the end of the landing lane.
(e) A wind indicator shall be installed at a location
						that adequately indicates the surface wind direction and velocity. The wind
						indicator shall be lighted if night operations are to be conducted.
(f) Documentation of ownership or lease of suitable
						docking facilities and written authorization or permit to use the waterway
						shall be submitted with the application.
(g) If night operations are to be conducted at the
						airport, landing lane edge lighting shall be installed to define the lateral
						and longitudinal limits of the useable landing area.
(h) A public telephone should be available during airport
						operating hours. Emergency contact information telephone numbers shall be
						posted.
(i) The airport license shall be posted and visible to
						the aviation public.
(j) A traffic pattern diagram with altitudes shall be
						posted at the docking facility and visible to the aviation public.
(k) A powerboat shall be readily available for
						emergencies during normal operating hours.
(l) The airport operator should provide fire
						extinguishing equipment for emergency fire protection.
(m) Final airspace determination by FAA shall be required
						prior to final licensing.
(n) Issuance of a license does not preempt other State,
						federal or local zoning or permitting requirements.
(a) The minimum runway length is 1,200 feet.
(1) The minimum required runway length will be adjusted
						where required to accommodate the aircraft to be operated from the airport and
						will be based upon the performance data obtained from the aircraft flight
						manuals.
(2) Runway length will be that length needed for take-off
						ground run or landing ground run, whichever is greater, factored for density
						altitude temperature (85°F day; runway elevation above sea level); plus a
						factor for grass. The grass factor may be that required by the manufacturer. If
						the manufacturer requires no grass factor, a factor of 10% for conventional
						landing gear or 15% for tricycle landing gear will be used. An additional
						safety factor of 20% shall also be applied.
(3) If the aircraft performance data is not available
						from the aircraft flight manual, due to its vintage, a statement by the
						applicant/aircraft owner as to aircraft performance and runway needed may be
						accepted by the Bureau.
(4) Performance data may be considered, using less than
						gross weight down loaded condition, if requested by the applicant, to meet
						minimum runway length requirements.
(5) Displacement of runway thresholds may be used to
						reduce or eliminate approach slope obstructions as long as sufficient effective
						runway length remains.
(6) The minimum runway primary surface width shall be 180
						feet or 90 feet each side of the runway centerline. The landing surface shall
						be centered within the primary surface. The minimum width of a turf landing
						surface shall be 100 feet. The minimum width of a paved landing surface shall
						be 50 feet. A paved runway primary surface shall extend 200 feet beyond the end
						of a paved runway and to the end of a turf runway.
(b) A runway end shall have an obstruction free approach
						surface with a slope of 20 feet horizontal to 1 foot vertical. The following
						are the approach slope dimensions:
(1) The centerline of this surface shall extend outward
						and upward for 5,000 feet along the runway extended centerline.
(2) The surface shall extend laterally 90 feet on each
						side of the centerline of the runway approach threshold and shall increase
						uniformly in width to 625 feet on each side of the centerline at a point 5,000
						feet from the end of the primary surface.
(c) Runway thresholds shall be a minimum of 200 feet from
						airport property line as measured along the runway extended centerline.
(d) A runway shall be marked.
(1)
Turf runways.
Runway ends shall be
						marked. Markers shall be placed at intervals not exceeding 200 feet along each
						side of the runway for its entire length.
(2)
Paved runways.
Runway numbers shall
						be marked at each end.
(3) Marked threshold displacement. Runway threshold
						displacements shall be marked.
(4) Displacements shall be lighted if night operations
						are to be conducted.
(e) For planning purposes, principal runway alignment for
						new airports should be in the direction of the prevailing wind. Runway
						alignment, other than into the prevailing wind, may restrict use of the airport
						during conditions where crosswind velocities exceed the crosswind component of
						the aircraft.
(f) A wind indicator shall be installed at a location
						that adequately indicates surface wind direction and velocity. It shall be
						lighted if night operations are to be conducted.
(g) The runway longitudinal and transverse gradient
						should not exceed 4%.
(h) If night operations are to be conducted at the
						airport, runway edge lighting shall be installed to define the lateral and
						longitudinal limits of the useable landing area. Lights will be installed in
						accordance with current applicable standards.
(i) Fire extinguishing equipment and first aid kits are
						recommended.
(j) Standard traffic patterns shall be established. Where
						a nonstandard traffic pattern is necessary, the information shall be made
						available to those authorized by the owners to use the airport.
(k) A favorable airspace determination from the FAA shall
						be required prior to license.
(l) Issuance of a license does not preempt other state,
						federal or local zoning or permitting requirements.
(a) The minimum Runway length is 1,200 feet.
(1) The minimum required runway length will be increased
						where required to accommodate the aircraft to be operated from the airport and
						will be based upon the performance data obtained from the aircraft flight
						manuals.
(2) Runway length will be that length needed for take-off
						ground run or landing ground run, whichever is greater, factored for density
						altitude (temperature - 85°F day; runway elevation above MSL); plus a
						factor for grass. The grass factor may be that required by the manufacturer. If
						the manufacturer requires no grass factor, a factor of 10% for conventional
						gear or 15% for tricycle gear aircraft will be used. An additional safety
						factor of 20% shall also be applied.
(3) If the aircraft performance data is not available
						from the aircraft flight manual, due to its vintage or modifications, a
						statement by the applicant/aircraft owner as to the performance and runway
						needed may be accepted by the Bureau.
(4) Performance data may be considered, using less than
						maximum certificated takeoff weight down loaded condition, if requested by the
						applicant, to meet runway length requirements.
(5) Displacement of runway thresholds may be used to
						reduce or eliminate approach slope obstructions as long as sufficient effective
						runway minimum length remains.
(b) The minimum primary surface shall be 100 feet or 50
						feet either side of the runway centerline. The landing surface shall be
						centered within the primary surface. The minimum width of a paved landing
						surface shall be 50 feet. The minimum width of a turf landing surface shall be
						100 feet. The runway primary surface shall extend 200 feet beyond the end of a
						paved runway and to the end of a turf runway.
(c) A runway end will have an obstruction free approach
						surface with a slope of 20 feet horizontal to 1 foot vertical. The following
						are approach surface dimensions for a runway:
(1) The centerline of this surface shall extend outward
						and upward 1,500 feet along the extended runway centerline.
(2) The surface shall extend laterally 50 feet each side
						of the centerline at the runway approach threshold and increase uniformly in
						width to 150 feet on each side of the centerline at a point 1,500 feet from the
						end of the primary surface.
(3) The approach surface shall begin at the runway end
						for an unpaved runway and at a point 200 feet beyond the end of a paved
						runway.
(d) The runway landing thresholds shall be a minimum of
						200 feet from airport property line along the runway extended
						centerline.
(e) A runway shall be marked.
(1)
Turf runways.
Runway ends shall be
						marked. Edge markers shall be placed at intervals not exceeding 200 feet along
						each side of the runway for its entire length.
(2)
Paved runways.
Runway numbers shall
						be marked at each end.
(3)
Marked threshold displacement.
Runway
						threshold displacements shall be marked.
(f) For planning purposes, principal runway alignment for
						new airports should be in the direction of the prevailing wind. Runway
						alignment, other than into the prevailing wind, may restrict use of the airport
						during conditions where crosswind velocities exceed the crosswind component of
						the aircraft.
(g) A wind indicator shall be installed at a location
						that adequately indicates surface wind direction and velocity.
(h) The runway longitudinal and transverse gradient
						should not exceed 4%.
(j) Operations are intended for day, visual
						meteorological conditions (VMC).
(k) Fire extinguishing equipment and first aid kits are
						recommended.
(l) Standard traffic patterns shall be established. Where
						a non-standard pattern is necessary, the information shall be made available to
						those authorized by the owner to use the airport.
(m) A favorable airspace determination from the FAA shall
						be required prior to license.
(n) Issuance of a license does not preempt other state,
						federal or local zoning or permitting requirements.
(a) Minimum runway dimensions of 500 feet in length x 100
						feet in width aligned within 40° of the prevailing wind are required.
						Longitudinal and transverse gradients should not exceed 4.0%.
(b) The minimum runway length will be increased to
						accommodate sport aircraft where applicable and will be based on the
						performance data obtained from the aircraft flight manuals. Runway length will
						be that length needed for take-off ground run or landing ground run, whichever
						is greater, factored for density altitude (temperature 85 degrees F, runway
						elevation above MSL), plus a factor for grass. The grass factor may be that
						required by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer requires no grass factor, a
						factor of 10% for conventional gear of 15% for tricycle gear will be used. An
						additional safety factor of 20% shall also be applied.
(c) A runway end shall have an obstruction free approach
						surface with a slope of 15 feet horizontal to 1 foot vertical. The following
						are approach surface dimensions:
(1) The centerline of this surface shall extend outward
						and upward 1,000 feet along the extended runway centerline.
(2) The surface shall extend laterally 50 feet on each
						side of the centerline of the runway approach threshold and increase uniformly
						in width to 100 feet on each side of the centerline at a point 1,000 feet from
						the runway end.
(3) The approach surface shall begin at the runway
						end.
(d) Runway landing thresholds shall be a minimum of 200
						feet from the airport property line as measured along the extended runway
						centerline.
(e) Runway ends shall be marked. Runway edges shall be
						marked at intervals necessary to define the lateral runway limits.
(f) For planning purposes, principal runway alignment for
						new airports should be in the direction of the prevailing wind. Runway
						alignment, other than into the prevailing winds may restrict use of the airport
						during conditions where crosswind velocities exceed the crosswind component of
						the aircraft.
(g) A wind indicator shall be installed at a location
						that adequately indicates the surface wind direction and velocity.
(h) A favorable airspace determination from the FAA shall
						be required prior to license.
(i) Issuance of a license does not preempt other state,
						federal or local zoning or permitting requirements.
(a) The minimum landing lane length is 2,500 feet.
						Landing lane length may be reduced if performance data is provided which
						indicates required take-off and landing distances of less than 2,500
						feet.
(b) The minimum primary surface and landing lane width is
						100 feet or 50 feet each side of the landing lane centerline. The landing lane
						minimum width is at least 100 feet and centered within the primary
						surface.
(c) A minimum water depth of 3 feet is required at all
						points within the primary surface.
(d) A landing lane end shall have an obstruction free
						approach surface with a slope of 20 feet horizontal to 1 foot vertical. The
						following are the approach surface dimensions:
(1) The centerline shall extend outward and upward for
						1,500 feet along the landing lane extended centerline.
(2) The approach surface shall extend laterally 50 feet
						on each side of the centerline of the landing area, beginning at the landing
						lane threshold and increase uniformly in width to 300 feet at 1,500 feet from
						the end of the landing area.
(e) A wind indicator shall be installed at a location
						that adequately indicates the surface wind direction and velocity. The wind
						indicator shall be lighted if night operations are to be conducted.
(f) Documentation of ownership or lease of suitable
						docking facilities and written authorization or permit to use the waterway
						shall be submitted with the license application.
(g) If night operations are to be conducted at the
						airport, landing lane edge lighting shall be installed to define the lateral
						and longitudinal limits of the useable landing area.
(h) A favorable airspace approval from the FAA shall be
						required prior to final licensing.
(i) Standard traffic patterns shall be established. Where
						a nonstandard traffic pattern is necessary, the information shall be made
						available to those authorized by the owner to use the airport.
(j) Issuance of a license does not preempt other state,
						federal or local zoning or permitting requirements.
(a) The least dimension (i.e. length, width, or diameter)
						of the final approach and take off area (FATO) shall be at least 1.5 times the
						overall length of the design helicopter rounded up to the next 5 foot
						increment, but not less than 60 feet.
(1) Helicopters located on raised platforms, piers, docks
						or buildings may have outer portions of the FATO extend beyond the
						platform.
(2) The FATO should be graded to provide a smooth
						surface. A slope gradient of no more than 2% is allowed for any part of the
						FATO on which a helicopter is expected to land.
(3) The FATO shall be free of objects.
(b) When the entire FATO is not load bearing, a paved or
						stabilized touch down and lift off area (TLOF) is recommended. The least
						dimension of the TLOF is recommended to be not less than the rotor diameter of
						the design helicopter.
(c) A safety area shall be provided around the
						FATO.
(1) The width of the safety area shall be 1/3 of the
						rotor diameter of the design helicopter, but not less than 20 feet.
(2) The safety area shall be free of objects.
(d) The heliport shall have two approach/take off paths
						separated by an arc of at least 90° and shall have unobstructed
						approach/take off surfaces with a slope of 8 feet horizontal to one foot
						vertical.
(1) The approach/take off paths may curve to avoid
						objects and/or noise sensitive areas and to use airspace above public
						lands.
(2) The approach/take off surface shall begin at the
						threshold, at the same width as the FATO, and shall extend outward and upward
						for 4,000 feet where its width is 500 feet.
(3) One approach/take off path may be acceptable if the
						approaches and take offs can be conducted safely and if it is unobstructed and
						crosswind to the prevailing winds.
(e) Transitional surfaces shall be unobstructed.
						Transitional surfaces shall extend outward and upward with a slope of two feet
						horizontal to one foot vertical from the edge of the approach/take off surfaces
						and the FATO for a distance of 250 feet from the center of the FATO and from
						the centerline of the approach/departure path.
(f) The FATO shall be marked with FAA standard markings
						for heliports.
(1) The FATO shall be designated by marking the outer
						perimeter boundary.
(2) If applicable, the TLOF shall also be marked. An H
						marking will identify the heliport as a public facility as well as mark the
						intended landing position. The H is oriented on the axis of the dominant
						approach/take off path. A bar may be placed under the H when it is necessary to
						distinguish the preferred approach direction.
(3) In ground or surface markings may be used to define
						either or both the FATO and TLOF.
(4)
Unpaved surfaces.
The perimeter of a
						turf FATO shall be identified with in ground markers that will not catch
						helicopter skids or create barriers to helicopter maneuvering. If raised
						markings are used, they shall be located at the outer boundary of the safety
						area and be no more than 8 inches in height. Markers are placed at the corners,
						and as needed along the edges of the FATO.
(5)
Paved surfaces.
A 12-inch dashed
						white line defines the limits of the FATO when the entire surface is
						paved.
(6) A 12-inch solid white line is used to define the
						limits of the TLOF.
(g) A wind indicator shall be installed at a location
						that adequately indicates the surface wind direction and velocity. The
						indicator shall be lighted if night operations are to be conducted.
(h)
Night operations.
(1) The perimeter of the FATO and the TLOF shall be
						defined with lights colored in accordance with the current FAA Advisory
						Circular pertaining to heliport lighting. The lights may not penetrate the
						approach or transitional surface slopes.
(2) A minimum of four flush or raised fixtures is
						required per side of a square or rectangular FATO or TLOF. A light is located
						at each corner, with additional lights spaced uniformly between the corner
						lights with a maximum interval of 25 feet between lights.
(3) An even number of lights, at least 8, evenly spaced,
						is required to define a circular FATO or TLOF, with a maximum interval of 25
						feet between lights.
(4) Raised light fixtures, modified to be not more than 8
						inches in height, should be located 10 feet out from the FATO edge.
(5) Flush lights may be located on the TLOF edge or
						within 1 foot of the TLOF edge.
(6) When nonflush lights are used on a raised TLOF, light
						fixtures modified to no more than 8 inches in height may be used to define the
						TLOF. They must be located 10 feet out from the TLOF edge and must not
						penetrate a horizontal plane at the TLOF's elevation by more than 2
						inches.
(7) Flood lighting may also be used in lieu of, or to
						supplement, perimeter lights. The flood lights shall be installed so they do
						not interfere with helicopter operations or interfere with pilot vision.
(8) Obstruction lights should be installed on objects
						near the approach surfaces or where deemed necessary by the Bureau.
(i) A rotating beacon is recommended to be installed for
						night operations at public heliports.
(j) When the TLOF is on a platform elevated more than 30
						inches above its surroundings, a five foot wide safety net or shelf shall be
						provided. The safety net shall have a load carrying capability of at least 25
						pounds per square foot. The net or shelf may not project above the level of the
						TLOF.
(k)
Rooftop heliports.
(1) The size of the FATO and the TLOF for a rooftop or
						elevated heliport shall be the same as for ground level.
(2) When the TLOF is less than the rotor diameter of the
						design helicopter, additional nonload bearing surface is required for support
						of the main rotor downwash ground effect. Load bearing surface size and
						designed load capacity shall be in accordance with the current edition of the
						FAA heliport design guide.
(l) Where practicable, wires within 500 feet of the FATO
						are recommended to be marked.
(m) A telephone shall be available to the public 24 hours
						a day. Emergency and aviation information telephone numbers shall be posted
						near the telephone.
(n) A traffic pattern diagram with altitudes shall be
						posted and visible to the aviation public.
(o) The heliport operator will provide fire extinguishing
						equipment for emergency fire protection.
(p) A favorable airspace determination from the FAA shall
						be required prior to final licensing.
(q) Issuance of a license does not preempt other state,
						federal or local zoning or permitting requirements.
(a) The least dimension (i.e. length, width, or diameter)
						of the final approach and take off area (FATO) shall be 1.5 times the overall
						length of the design helicopter rounded up to the nearest 5 foot increment, but
						not less than 60 feet.
(1) Helicopters located on raised platforms, piers, docks
						or buildings may have outer portions of the FATO extend beyond the
						platform.
(2) The FATO should be graded to provide a smooth
						surface. A slope gradient of no more than 2% is allowed for any part of the
						FATO on which a helicopter is expected to land.
(3) The FATO shall be free of objects.
(b) When the entire FATO is not load bearing, a paved or
						stabilized touch down and lift off area (TLOF) is recommended. The least
						dimension of the TLOF is recommended to be not less than the rotor diameter of
						the design helicopter.
(c) A safety area will be provided around the
						FATO.
(1) The width of the safety area shall be 1/3 of the
						rotor diameter of the design helicopter, but not less than 10 feet.
(2) The safety area shall be free of objects.
(d) The heliport shall have two approach/take off paths
						separated by an arc of at least 90° and shall have unobstructed
						approach/take off surfaces with a slope of 8 feet horizontal to 1 foot
						vertical.
(1) Approach/take off paths may curve to avoid objects
						and/or noise sensitive areas and to use airspace above public lands. Approach
						surface requirements are applicable for the entire route.
(2) The approach/take off surface shall begin at the
						threshold, at the same width as the FATO, and shall extend upward and outward
						for a distance of 1,000 feet where its width is 200 feet.
(3) One approach/take off path may be acceptable if
						approaches can be conducted safely and if it is unobstructed and crosswind to
						the prevailing winds.
(e) The FATO shall be marked with FAA standard markings
						for heliports.
(1) The FATO shall be designated by marking the outer
						perimeter boundary.
(2) If applicable, the TLOF shall also be marked.
(3) The FATO or TLOF may be marked with company logo or
						name.
(4) A hospital heliport shall be identified by a red
						capital H centered on a white cross. The dimensions of the cross and H are
						described in the current edition of the FAA Heliport Design Advisory
						Circular.
(5) In ground or surface markings may be used to define
						either or both the FATO and TLOF.
(6)
Unpaved surfaces.
The perimeter of a
						turf FATO shall be identified with in ground markers that will not catch
						helicopter skids or create barriers to helicopter maneuvering. If raised
						markings are used, they shall be located at the outer boundary of the safety
						area and be no more than 8 inches in height.
(7)
Paved surfaces.
A 12-inch dashed
						white line defines the limits of the FATO when the entire surface is
						paved.
(8) A 12-inch solid white line is used to define the
						limits of the TLOF.
(f) A wind indicator shall be installed at a location
						that adequately indicates the surface wind direction and velocity. The wind
						indicator shall be lighted if night operations are to be conducted.
(g)
Night operations.
(1) The perimeter of the FATO or the TLOF (but not both)
						shall be defined with lights colored in accordance with the current FAA
						Advisory Circular pertaining to heliport lighting.
(2) At least 8 evenly spaced lights are required to
						define a circular FATO or TLOF, with a maximum interval of 25 feet between
						lights.
(3) A minimum of three flush or raised fixtures is
						required per side of a square or rectangular FATO or TLOF. A light is located
						at each corner, with additional lights spaced uniformly between the corner
						lights with a maximum interval of 25 feet between lights.
(4) Raised light fixtures, modified to be not more than 8
						inches in height, should be located 10 feet out from the FATO edge.
(5) Flush lights may be located on the TLOF edge or
						within 1 foot of the TLOF edge.
(6) When nonflush lights are used on a raised TLOF, light
						fixtures modified to no more than 8 inches in height may be used to define the
						TLOF. They must be located no more than 10 feet out from the TLOF edge and must
						not penetrate a horizontal plane at the TLOF's elevation by more than 2
						inches.
(7) Flood lighting may also be used in lieu of, or to
						supplement, perimeter lights. The flood lights shall be installed so as not to
						interfere with helicopter operations or interfere with pilot vision.
(8) Obstruction lights should to be installed on objects
						near the approach surfaces or where deemed necessary by the Bureau.
(h) When the TLOF is on a platform elevated more than 30
						inches above its surroundings, a five foot wide safety net or shelf shall be
						provided. The safety net shall have a load carrying capability of at least 25
						pounds per square foot. The net or shelf may not project above the level of the
						TLOF.
(i)
Rooftop heliports
(1) The size of the FATO and TLOF for a rooftop or
						elevated heliport shall be the same as for ground level.
(2) When the TLOF is less than the rotor diameter of the
						design helicopter, additional non load bearing surface is required for support
						of the main rotor downwash ground effect. Load bearing surface size and
						designed load capacity shall be in accordance with the current edition of the
						FAA heliport design guide.
(j) Where practicable, wires within 500 feet of the FATO
						are recommended to be marked.
(k) The heliport operator will provide fire extinguishing
						equipment for emergency fire protection.
(l) A favorable airspace determination from the FAA shall
						be required prior to final licensing.
(m) Issuance of a license does not preempt other state,
						federal or local zoning or permitting requirements.
This Appendix A, Criteria E cited in 67 Pa. Code §
													471.3 (relating to airport
						  licensing). This Appendix A cited in 67 Pa. Code §
													471.7 (relating to licensing
						  criteria and requirements).