Pennsylvania Code › Title 25 - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION › Part I - Department of Environmental Protection › Subpart D - Environmental Health and Safety › Article V - Radiological Health › Chapter 227a - RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR NON-HEALING ARTS RADIATION-PRODUCING DEVICES › Subchapter A - GENERAL PROVISIONS › Section 227a.2 - Definitions

Current through Register Vol. 54, No. 28, July 13, 2024
The following words and terms, when used in this
						  chapter, have the following meanings unless the context clearly indicates
						  otherwise:
ALARA
-As low as reasonably
						  achievable.
Accessible surface
-The external or
						  outside surface of the enclosure or housing provided by the manufacturer. The
						  term includes the high-voltage generator, doors, access panels, latches,
						  control knobs and other permanently mounted hardware, including the plane
						  across the exterior edge of any opening.
Beam port
-An opening on the X-ray
						  apparatus designed to emit a primary beam. This term does not include an
						  opening on a security screening device.
Bomb detection radiation-producing
						  device
-X-raygenerating equipment used solely for the purpose of
						  remotely detecting explosive devices. For the purposes of this chapter, this
						  term does not include hand-held X-ray bomb detection devices.
Cabinet radiography
-Industrial
						  radiography using radiation-producing devices not subject to United States Food
						  and Drug Administration performance standards for cabinet X-ray systems, in an
						  enclosed, interlocked cabinet in which the portion of a material being
						  irradiated is contained, and in which all of the following are met:
(i) The radiation-producing device will not
						operate unless all openings are closed with interlocks activated.
(ii) The cabinet is shielded so that every
						location on the exterior meets the conditions for an unrestricted area as
						defined under 10 CFR
						20.1003 (relating to definitions).
(iii) The cabinet is constructed or arranged
						as to exclude the entrance of any part of the body of an individual during
						irradiation.
Cabinet X-ray system
-An X-ray system
						  with the X-ray tube installed in an enclosure which, independently of existing
						  architectural structures except the floor on which it may be placed, is
						  intended to contain at least that portion of a material being irradiated,
						  provide radiation attenuation and exclude personnel from its interior during
						  generation of radiation. The term does not include an X-ray tube used within a
						  shielded part of a building, or X-ray equipment which may temporarily or
						  occasionally incorporate portable shielding.
Cathode ray tube
-A device used to
						  accelerate electrons for demonstration or research purposes, except where the
						  tube is incorporated into a television or display monitor that is subject to,
						  and has met applicable Federal radiation safety performance standards under 21
						  CFR Part 1010 (relating to performance standards for electronic products:
						  general) and 21 CFR
						  1020.10 (relating to television
						  receivers).
Certified cabinet X-ray system
-A
						  radiation-producing device certified by the manufacturer under
						  21 CFR
						  1010.2 (relating to certification) as being
						  manufactured and assembled under the provisions of applicable Federal radiation
						  safety performance standards under 21 CFR Part 1010 and
						  21 CFR
						  1020.40 (relating to cabinet X-ray
						  systems).
Closed-beam radiation-producing
						  device
-A device in which the beam path cannot be entered by any part
						  of the body during normal operation.
Cold-cathode gas discharge tube
-An
						  electronic device in which electron flow is produced and sustained by
						  ionization of contained gas atoms and ion bombardment of the cathode.
Collimator
-A device for restricting
						  the useful radiation in one or more directions.
Control panel
-A device containing
						  means for regulation and activation of a radiation-producing device or for the
						  preselection and indications of operating factors.
Electron microscope
-Equipment using
						  the wave characteristics of electrons that have been accelerated by an electric
						  field to visualize the microscopic structure of material.
Emergency procedure
-The written
						  planned steps to be taken in the event of actual or suspected exposure of an
						  individual in excess of an administrative or regulatory limit, including the
						  names and telephone numbers of individuals to be contacted as well as
						  directives for processing the film badge or other personnel monitoring
						  devices.
Fail-safe design
-A design in which all
						  realistically anticipated failures of indicators or safety components result in
						  a condition in which individuals are safe from exposure to radiation. For
						  example, the production of X-rays must be prevented if a light indicating
						  "X-RAY ON" fails and the shutter must close if a shutter status indicator
						  fails.
General-use system
-An individual
						  screening system that delivers an effective dose equal to or less than 25
						  µrem (0.25 µSv) per screening.
Handheld radiation-producing device
-A
						  portable device designed to operate when held in the hand, such as a hand-held
						  X-ray fluorescence analytical device.
Industrial radiography
-An examination
						  of the structure of materials by nondestructive methods, utilizing ionizing
						  radiation to make radiographic images.
Interlock
-A device or engineered
						  system that precludes access to an area of radiation hazard either by
						  preventing entry or by automatically removing the hazard.
kV
-Kilovolt.
Leakage radiation
-Radiation coming
						  from within the source housing, other than the useful beam.
Limited-use system
-An individual
						  screening system that is capable of delivering an effective dose greater than
						  25 µrem (0.25 µSv) per screening but that cannot exceed an
						  effective dose of 1 mrem (10 µSv) per screening.
Local components
-Parts of a
						  radiation-producing device X-ray system, including areas struck by X-rays, such
						  as radiation source housings, beam port and shutter assemblies, collimators,
						  sample holders, cameras, goniometers, detectors and shielding. The term does
						  not include power supplies, transformers, amplifiers, readout devices or
						  control panels.
Lockout/tagout
-A safety procedure that
						  ensures dangerous devices and energy sources are properly shut off and cannot
						  startup unexpectedly while maintenance or service work is being
						  completed.
µrem
-Microrem.
µSv
-Micro Sievert.
mrem
-Millirem.
mSv
-Milli Sievert.
Mobile device
-Radiation-producing
						  device mounted on a permanent base with wheels or casters, or both, for moving
						  while completely assembled.
Normal operating
						  procedures
-Step-by-step instructions necessary to accomplish the task.
						  Examples include sample insertion and manipulation, equipment alignment,
						  routine maintenance by the registrant and data recording procedures, which are
						  related to radiation safety.
Open-beam radiation-producing device
-A
						  device in which any part of the body could enter the beam path during normal
						  operations. Examples include X-ray gauges, tabletop and handheld X-ray devices
						  and electron beam welders.
Permanent radiographic installation
-A
						  shielded installation or structure designed or intended for radiography in
						  which radiography is regularly performed.
Portable device
-Radiation-producing
						  device designed to be hand-carried.
Primary beam
-The ionizing radiation
						  coming directly from the radiation source through a beam port into the volume
						  defined by the collimation system.
Qualified expert
-The term has the
						  meaning given to it under §
												215.2 (relating to
						  definitions).
RSO-radiation safety officer-
The term
						  has the meaning given to it under § 215.2.
Radiation-producing device
-A
						  radiation-producing device where the apparatus, device, electronic product,
						  system, subsystem or component of any of them may generate X-rays or particle
						  radiation between 5 keV and 1 MeV. The device is not intended for healing arts
						  use for humans or animals. The device is fixed or portable, such as mobile
						  devices, portable devices, stationary equipment or transportable
						  equipment.
Radiation-producing device used in individual
						  security screening
-X-ray equipment used on humans for security
						  evaluation.
Radiation source (or X-ray tube)
						  housing
-That portion of an X-ray system that contains the X-ray tube
						  or secondary target, or that contains both. Often the housing contains
						  radiation shielding material or inherently provides shielding.
Radiograph
-A permanent film or digital
						  image produced on a sensitive surface by a form of radiation other than direct
						  visible light.
Radiography
-The process of creating a
						  radiographic image through X-ray radiation.
Registrant
-The term has the meaning
						  given to it under § 215.2.
Safety device
-A device, interlock or
						  system that prevents the entry of any portion of an individual's body into the
						  primary X-ray beam or that causes the beam to shut off upon entry into its
						  path.
Scattered radiation
-Radiation that has
						  been deviated in direction or energy, or both, by passing through
						  matter.
Security screening device
-A non-human
						  use open-beam system or cabinet X-ray system with accessible openings designed
						  for the detection of weapons, bombs or contraband concealed in baggage, mail, a
						  package or another commodity or structure.
Shielded room
-A room housing a
						  non-healing arts radiation-producing device where, with the radiation-producing
						  device at maximum techniques, the exterior room environs meet the unrestricted
						  area limits of 2 mrem (0.02 mSv) in any 1 hour and 100 mrem (1 mSv) in a year
						  at 30 centimeters from the barrier. The term does not include a room housing a
						  radiation-producing device that meets the definition of cabinet X-ray
						  systems.
Shutter
-A moveable device used to
						  block the useful (or primary) beam emitted from an X-ray tube assembly.
Source
-The point of origin of the
						  radiation. An example of this term is the focal spot of an X-ray tube.
Stationary
						  equipment
-Radiation-producing device equipment that is installed or
						  placed in a permanent or fixed location.
Transportable
						  equipment
-Radiation-producing device equipment to be installed in a
						  vehicle or that may be readily disassembled for transport or use in a
						  vehicle.
Warning device
-A visible or audible
						  signal that warns individuals of a potential radiation hazard.
X-ray gauge
-An X-ray-producing device
						  designed and manufactured for the purpose of detecting, measuring, gauging, or
						  controlling thickness, density, level or interface location.
X-ray generator
-That portion of an
						  X-ray system which provides the accelerating high voltage and current for the
						  X-ray tube.
X-ray tube
-The term has the meaning
						  given to it under §
												221.2 (relating to
						  definitions).