New York Codes, Rules and Regulations › Title 1 - DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND MARKETS › Appendices › Appendix 10

Current through Register Vol. 46, No. 28, July 10, 2024
PASTEURIZATION EQUIPMENT AND
CONTROLS--TESTS
(cf. Part 3)
I. Testing Apparatus Specifications
TEST THERMOMETER
Type. --Mercury-actuated; readily cleanable; plain front,
				enameled back; length 12 inches, immersion point to be etched on stem, mercury
				to stand in contraction chamber at 32° F (0° C).
Scale Range.--At least 12° F (7° C) below and 12° F
				(7° C) above the pasteurization temperature at which the operating
				thermometer is used, with extensions of scale on either side permitted,
				protected against damage at 300° F (149° C).
Temperature Represented by Smallest Scale Division.--0.2° F
				(0.1° C).
Number of Degrees per Inch of Scale.--Not more than six
				Fahrenheit degrees or not more than four Celsius degrees.
Accuracy. --Within 0.2° F (0.1° C) plus or minus,
				throughout specified scale range. The accuracy shall be checked against a
				thermometer which has been tested by the National Bureau of Standards.
Bulb.--Corning normal or equally suitable thermometric
				glass.
Case. --Suitable to provide protection during transit and
				periods when not in use.
GENERAL PURPOSE THERMOMETER
Type.--Pocket type; mercury-actuated.
Magnification of Mercury Column. --To apparent width of not
				less than 0.0625 of an inch.
Scale Range. --30° F (-1° C) to 212° F (100°
				C), with extension on either side permitted. Protected against damage at
				220° F (105° C).
Temperature Represented by Smallest Scale Division.--2° F
				(1° C).
Number of Degrees per Inch of Scale.--Not more than 52
				Fahrenheit degrees or not more than 29 Celsius degrees.
Accuracy. --Within 2° F (1° C) plus or minus,
				throughout the specified scale range. Checked periodically against a known
				accurate thermometer.
Case.--Metal, provided with a fountain pen clip.
Bulb.--Corning normal or equally suitable thermometric
				glass.
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY MEASURING DEVICES
Type.--Wheatstone bridge, Galvanometer, Milliammeter; manual or
				automatic.
Conductivity. --Capable of detecting change produced by the
				addition of 10 ppm of sodium chloride, in water of 100 ppm of hardness.
Electrodes.--Standard.
Automatic Instruments. --Electric clock, time divisions not
				less than 0.2 of a second.
STOPWATCH
Type. --Pocket type, open face, hand indicating fractional
				seconds.
Accuracy.--Accurate to 0.2 of a second.
Hands. --Sweep hand, one complete turn every 60 seconds or
				less.
Scale.--Divisions of not over 0.2 of a second.
Crown. --Depression of crown starts, stops, and resets to zero.
II. Test Procedures
Equipment and field tests to be performed and samples to be
				taken by the regulatory agency are listed and suitably referenced below. The
				results of tests shall be recorded on suitable forms and filed as the
				regulatory agency shall direct.
TEST 1. INDICATING THERMOMETERS--TEMPERATURE ACCURACY
Reference.--Item 16p(C).
Application.--To all indicating thermometers used for
				measurement of product temperature during pasteurization.
Frequency.--Upon installation and once each 3 months
				thereafter.
Criteria.--Within 0.5° F (0.25° C) for pasteurization
				thermometers and 1° F (0.5° C) for airspace thermometers plus or minus,
				in a specified scale range.
Apparatus.--
1. Prepare 10 gallons of water in a milk can or a quantity of
				oil in an oil bath by raising the temperature of the water or oil to within a
				range of 3° F (2° C) of the appropriate pasteurization temperature or
				airspace temperature.
2. Remove heat source, agitate water or oil bath
				rapidly.
3. Continue agitation. Insert indicating test thermometer to
				indicated immersion point during the test.
4. Compare both thermometer readings at the temperature reading
				within the test range.
5. Repeat comparison of readings.
6. Record thermometer readings, thermometer identification or
				location.
Corrective Action. --Do not run test if mercury column has been
				split or capillary tube is broken as thermometer should be returned to the
				factory for repair. When the indicating thermometer differs from the test
				thermometer by more than 0.5° F (0.25° C) the scale plate of the
				indicating thermometer should be adjusted to agree with the test thermometer.
				Retest the thermometer after adjustment.
TEST 2. RECORDING THERMOMETERS--TEMPERATURE ACCURACY
Reference.--Item 16p(C).
Application.--To all recording and recorder/controller
				thermometers used to record product temperatures during pasteurization.
Frequency. --Upon installation, at least once each 3 months and
				whenever recording pen-arm setting requires frequent adjustment.
Criteria.--Within 1° F (0.5° C) plus or minus, in
				specified scale range.
Apparatus. --Pasteurizer indicating thermometer previously
				tested against a known accurate thermometer, three 10-gallon milk cans, or
				suitable vats or containers, agitator, suitable means of heating water baths
				and ice.
Method.--The testing of a recording thermometer for temperature
				accuracy involves the determination of whether or not the temperature pen-arm
				will return to within 1° F (0.5° C) of its previous setting after
				exposure to boiling water and melting ice.
Procedure.--
1. Test thermometer meeting specifications under Appendix
				9.
2. Water or oil bath and agitator.
3. Suitable means of beating water or oil bath.
Method.--Both thermometers exposed to a water or oil medium of
				uniform temperature. Indicating thermometer reading is compared to the reading
				of the test thermometer.
Procedure. --
1. Adjust the recording pen to read exactly as the previously
				tested indicating thermometer in the temperature range for the pasteurization
				process being used after a stabilization period of 5 minutes at a constant
				temperature. The water bath shall be rapidly agitated throughout the
				stabilization period.
2. Prepare one water bath by heating to the boiling point.
				Maintain temperature. Prepare a second container with melting ice. Place water
				baths within working distance of the recorder sensing element.
3. Immerse the sensing element of recorder in boiling water for
				not less than 5 minutes.
4. Have a can of water adjusted to a temperature within the
				testing range for the pasteurization process being used.
5. Remove the sensing element from the boiling water and
				immerse in water at a temperature within the testing range for the
				pasteurization process being used. Allow a 5-minute stabilization period for
				both indicating and recording thermometers. Compare readings of 1° F
				(0.5° C) plus or minus, indicating thermometer reading.
6. Remove sensing element from bath at operating temperatures
				and immerse in melting ice for not less than 5 minutes.
7. Remove sensing element from ice water and immerse in water
				at a temperature within the testing range for the pasteurization process being
				used. Allow a 5 minute stabilization period for both indicating and recording
				thermometers. Compare readings of 1° F (0.5° C) plus or minus,
				indicator thermometer reading.
8. Record results.
Corrective Action.--If the pen does not return to 1° F
				(0.5° C) plus or minus of indicating thermometer reading, the recording
				thermometer should be repaired.
TEST 3. RECORDING THERMOMETERS--TIME ACCURACY
Reference.--Item 16p(C).
Application.--To all recording and recorder/controller
				thermometers used to record time of pasteurization.
Frequency.--Upon installation and at least once each 3 months
				thereafter.
Criteria. --The recorded time of pasteurization shall not
				exceed the true elapsed time.
Apparatus.--
1. A watch graduated at intervals not to exceed 1 minute, and
				accurate to within 5 minutes in 24 hours.
2. A pair of dividers, or any other suitable device for
				measuring short distances.
Method. --Comparison of the recorded time over a period of not
				less than 30 minutes with a watch of known accuracy. For recorders utilizing
				electric clocks, check cycle on face plate of clock with known cycle; observe
				that clock is in operating condition.
Procedure.--
1. Determine if chart is appropriate to recorder.
2. Inscribe reference mark at the pen point on the recorder
				chart at the start of the holding period and record the time.
3. At the end of 30 minutes by the watch, inscribe a second
				reference mark at the pen point position on the chart.
4. Determine the distance between the two reference marks and
				compare the distance with the time-scale divisions on the record chart at the
				same temperature.
5. For electric clocks, remove face plate, compare cycle
				specification on face plate with the current cycle utilized.
6. Enter finding on chart and initial. Record results.
Corrective Action.--If recorded time is incorrect, the clock
				should be adjusted or repaired.
TEST 4. RECORDING THERMOMETERS--CHECK AGAINST INDICATING
				THERMOMETER
Reference.--Item 16p(C).
Application.--To all recording and recorder/controller
				thermometers used to record product temperatures during pasteurization.
Frequency.--At least once each 3 months by regulatory agency;
				daily by plant operator.
Criteria.--Recording thermometer shall not read higher than
				corresponding indicating thermometer.
Apparatus.--No supplementary materials required.
Method. --This test requires only that the reading of the
				recording thermometer be compared with that of the indicating thermometer at a
				time when both are exposed to product at a stabilized pasteurization
				temperature.
Procedure.--
1. While product is at a stabilized pasteurization temperature,
				read indicating thermometer.
2. Immediately inscribe on the recording-thermometer chart a
				line intersecting the recorded temperature arc at the pen location; record on
				the chart the indicating thermometer temperature; initial.
3. Record results.
Corrective Action. --If recording thermometer reads higher than
				indicating thermometer, the pen should be adjusted by the operator.
TEST 5. FLOW-DIVERSION DEVICE--PROPER ASSEMBLY AND
				FUNCTION
Reference.--Item 16p(A).
Application.--To all flow-diversion devices used with
				continuous-flow pasteurizers.
Frequency.--Upon installation and at least once each 3 months
				thereafter.
Criteria.--The flow-diversion device shall function correctly
				in operating situations and shall de-energize the metering pump in the event of
				malfunction or incorrect assembly.
1. LEAKAGE PAST VALVE SEAT(S)
Apparatus.--Suitable tools for disassembly of flow-diversion
				device and sanitary piping.
Method. --Observe the valve seat(s) of the flow-diversion
				device for leakage.
Procedure.--With the system operating with water, place the
				flow- diversion device in diverted-flow position. Disconnect the forward flow
				piping; observe the valve seat for leakage. Check leak escape ports to see if
				they are open.
Corrective Action.--If leakage is noted, device must be
				dismantled and defective gaskets replaced or other suitable repairs
				made.
2. OPERATION OF VALVE STEM(S)
Apparatus.--Suitable tools for disassembly of flow-diversion
				device and sanitary piping.
Method. --Observe flow-diversion device stem(s) for ease of
				movement.
Procedures. --When a stem packing nut is used, tighten stem
				packing nut as much as possible. Operate system; place device in forward and
				diverted flow several times. Note freedom of action of valve system.
Corrective Action. --If valve action is sluggish, suitable
				adjustment or repair shall be made to permit stem to act freely in all
				positions, with packing nut, when used, fully tightened.
3. DEVICE ASSEMBLY, SINGLE STEM DEVICE.
Apparatus.--Sanitary fitting wrench.
Method.--Observe function of metering pump when flow-diversion
				device is improperly assembled.
Procedures.--
a. With HTST system in operation, unscrew by one-half turn, the
				13H hex nut which holds the top of the valve to the valve body. This should
				de-energize the metering pump. This test should be run with no piping connected
				to the forward flow port of the device since there can be sufficient force from
				the piping to keep the forward flow port tightly clamped even though the hex
				nut is loosened.
b. With the HTST system in operation and the flow-diversion
				device in the diverted position, remove the connecting key located at the base
				of the valve stem. The metering pomp should be de-energized.
Corrective action.--If metering pump fails to respond as
				indicated, immediate checks of the device assembly and wiring are required to
				locate and correct the cause.
4. DEVICE ASSEMBLY, DUAL STEM DEVICE.
Apparatus.--None.
Method.--Observe function of metering pump when flow-diversion
				device is improperly assembled.
Procedures. --
a. With the device in diverted flow position, remove one
				actuator clamp.
b. Move the device to the forward-flow position and disconnect
				stem from actuator.
c. Move the device to the diverted-flow position and turn on
				the metering pump. The metering pump should not run.
d. Reassemble the device by moving it to the forward-flow
				position and reconnecting the stem to the actuator.
e. Move the device to the diverted-flow position and replace
				the actuator clamp.
f. Repeat the procedure for the other actuator.
Corrective action. --If metering pump fails to respond as
				indicated, an immediate check of the device assembly and wiring are required to
				locate and correct the cause.
5. MANUAL DIVERSION (when booster pump is installed in the HTST
				system).
Apparatus.--None.
Method.--Observe the response of the system to manual
				diversion.
Procedure.--With the HTST system in operation and the
				flow-diversion device in the forward-flow position, press the manual diversion
				button located on the valve bonnet cover plate. This should (a) cause the valve
				to assume the divert position, and (b) de-energize the booster pump; the
				pressure differential between raw and pasteurized product in the regenerator
				should be maintained.
Corrective Action. --If (a) and (b) above do not occur as
				described or the necessary pressure differential between raw and pasteurized
				product is not maintained, the assembly and wiring of the HTST system must be
				immediately reviewed and the indicated deficiencies corrected.
6. RESPONSE TIME.
Apparatus.--Stopwatch. The stopwatch should be used to
				determine that the response time interval does not exceed 1 second.
Method.--Determine the elapsed time between the instant of the
				activation of the control mechanism at cut-out temperature on declining
				temperature and the instant the flow-diversion device takes the fully
				diverted-flow position.
Procedure.--
a. With water or oil bath at a temperature above cut-out
				temperature, allow the water or oil to cool gradually. At the moment the
				cut-out mechanism is activated, start the watch and the moment the flow-
				diversion device takes the fully diverted position, stop the watch.
b. Record results.
Corrective Action. --Should response time exceed 1 second,
				immediate corrective action must be taken.
7. TIME DELAY INTERLOCK WITH METERING PUMP.
Application. --To dual stem flow-diversion devices with a
				manual forward-flow switch.
Apparatus.--None.
Method.--Determine that the device does not assume a manually
				induced forward-flow position while the metering pump is running.
Procedures.--With the system running in forward flow, move the
				control switch to the "Inspect" position and observe that the following events
				automatically occur in sequence:
a. The device immediately moves to the diverted-flow position
				and the metering pump is turned off.
b. The device remains in the diverted-flow position while the
				metering pump is running down.
c. After the metering pump stops turning, the device assumes
				the forward-flow position.
d. Repeat the above procedure by moving the control switch to
				the cleaned-in-place (CIP) position.
e. Record test results and seal the control enclosure.
Corrective action. --If the above sequence of events does not
				occur, either a timer adjustment or wiring change is required.
TEST 6. INDICATING THERMOMETERS ON PIPELINES--THERMOMETRIC
				RESPONSE
Reference.--Item 16p(A).
Application.--To all indicating thermometers located on
				pipelines and used for determination of product temperatures during
				pasteurization.
Frequency.--Upon installation and once each 3 months
				thereafter.
Criteria.--Four seconds under specified conditions.
Apparatus.--Pipeline test thermometer, stopwatch, water bath
				(10- gallon can), agitator, heat supply, and indicating thermometer from
				pasteurizer.
Method.--By measuring the time required for the reading of the
				thermometer being tested to increase 12° F (7° C) through a specified
				temperature range (temperature range must include pasteurization temperature).
				The temperature used in the water bath will depend upon the scale range of the
				thermometer to be tested.
Procedure.--
1. Immerse indicating thermometer in water bath heated to a
				temperature at least 19° F (11° C) higher than minimum scale reading on
				indicating thermometer. Bath temperature should be higher than maximum
				pasteurization temperature for which thermometer is used.
2. Immerse indicating thermometer in bucket of cold water for
				several seconds to cool it.
Note.--Continuous agitation of water baths during the
				performance of steps 3., 4., and 5. is required. Elapsed time between end of
				step 1. and beginning of step 3. should not exceed 15 seconds so hot water bath
				does not cool significantly.
3. Insert indicating thermometer in hot water bath to proper
				bulb immersion depth.
4. Start stopwatch when indicating thermometer reads 19° F
				(11° C) below bath temperature.
5. Stop stopwatch when indicating thermometer reads 7° F
				(4° C) below bath temperature.
6. Record thermometric response time for office record.
Example. --On a thermometer with a range of 150° F to
				175° F (66° C to 80° C) used at a pasteurization temperature of
				161° F and 166° F (72° C and 75° C), a water bath of 170° F
				(77° C) could be used. 19° F (11° C) below 170° F (77° C)
				would be 151° F (66° C); 7° F (4° C) below 170° F (77°
				C) would be 163° F (73° C). Hence after immersing the thermometer,
				which had been previously cooled, in the 170° F (77° C) bath, the
				stopwatch is started when the thermometer reads 151° F (66° C) and
				stopped when it reads 163° F (73° C).
Note.--The test included the pasteurization temperature of
				161° F (72° C) and 166° F (75° C).
Corrective Action.--If the response time should exceed 4
				seconds, the thermometer should be replaced or returned for repair.
TEST 7. RECORDER/CONTROLLER--THERMOMETRIC RESPONSE
Reference.--Item 16p(A).
Application.--To all recorder/controllers used in connection
				with continuous flow pasteurizers.
Frequency.--Upon installation and at least once each 3 months
				thereafter.
Criteria.--Five seconds, under specified conditions.
Apparatus.--Previously tested indicating thermometer (on
				pasteurizers), stopwatch, water bath (10-gallon milk can), agitator, heat
				supply.
Method.--Measure the time interval between the instant when the
				recording thermometer reads 12° F (7° C) below the cut-in temperature
				and the moment of cut-in by the controller. This measurement is made when the
				sensing element is immersed in a rapidly agitated water bath maintained at
				exactly 7° F (4° C) above the cut-in temperature.
Procedure.--
1. Check and, if necessary, adjust the pen-arm setting of the
				recording thermometer in the proper reference arc to agree with the indicating
				thermometer reading at pasteurization temperature.
2. Determine the cut-in temperature of controller (Test No. 8),
				either while in normal operation or by using a water bath.
3. Remove sensing element and allow to cool to room
				temperature.
4. Heat water bath to exactly 7° F (4° C) above the
				cut-in temperature while vigorously agitating bath to insure uniform
				temperature.
5. Immerse recorder/controller bulb in water bath. Continue
				agitation during items 6. and 7. below.
6. Start stopwatch when the recording thermometer reaches a
				temperature of 12° F (7° C) below the cut-in temperature.
7. Stop stopwatch when the controller cuts in.
8. Record thermometric response time for office record.
Corrective Action.--If the response should exceed 5 seconds,
				the recorder/controller should be repaired.
TEST 8. PRODUCT-FLOW CONTROLS--PRODUCT TEMPERATURES AT CUT-IN
				AND CUT-OUT
References.--Items 16p(A), 16p(C)
Product--flow controls shall be tested for product temperature
				at cut-in and cut-out by one of the following applicable tests at the frequency
				prescribed:
Application. --All recorder/controllers used in connection with
				HTST pasteurizers.
Frequency.--Upon installation and quarterly by the regulatory
				agency; daily by the plant operator.
Criteria.--No forward flow until pasteurization temperature has
				been reached. Flow diverted before temperature drops below minimum
				pasteurization temperature.
Apparatus.--No supplemental materials needed.
Method.--By observing the actual temperature of the indicating
				thermometer at the instant forward flow starts (cut-in) and stops (cut-
				out).
Procedure.--
1. Cut-in temperature.
a. While the product or water is completely flooding the
				sensing element of the recorder/controller and the indicating thermometer,
				increase the heat gradually so as to raise the temperature of the water or
				product at a rate not exceeding 1° F (0.5° C) every 30 seconds.
b. Observe the indicating thermometer reading at the moment the
				forward flow starts (i.e., flow-diversion device moves). Observe that the
				frequency pen reading is synchronized with the recording pen on the same
				reference arc.
c. Record the indicating thermometer reading on the recorder
				chart; inscribe initials. The regulatory agency shall record test
				findings.
2. Cut-out temperature.
a. After the cut-in temperature has been determined and while
				the product or water is above the cut-in temperature, allow the water to cool
				slowly at a rate not exceeding 1° F (0.5° C) per 30 seconds. Observe
				indicating thermometer reading at the instant forward flow stops.
b. Record the indicating thermometer reading on the recorder
				chart.
Corrective Action.--Should the reading be below the minimum
				pasteurization temperature, the cut-in and cut-out mechanism and/or the
				differential temperature mechanism should be adjusted to obtain proper cut- in
				and cut-out temperatures by repeated tests. When compliance is achieved, seal
				the controller mechanism.
TEST 9. SETTING OF CONTROL SWITCHES--REGENERATOR
				PRESSURE
Reference.--Item 16p(B).
1. PRESSURE SWITCHES.--Used to control operation of booster
				pumps.
Application.--To all pressure switches controlling the
				operation of booster pumps on HTST pasteurizer systems employing
				regenerators.
Frequency. --Upon installation, each 3 months thereafter, after
				any change in the booster pump or the switch circuit, and/or whenever the
				pressure switch seal is broken.
Criteria.--The pump shall not operate unless there is at least
				a 1-pound pressure differential on the pasteurized product side of the
				regenerator.
Apparatus. --Sanitary pressure gauge and pneumatic testing
				device, for checking and adjusting pressure switch settings.
A simple inexpensive pneumatic testing device may be made from
				a discarded 2inch-7BX sanitary tee, with two additional 13H nuts, one of which
				is provided with a 16A cap, drilled and tapped for a 1/2-inch galvanized iron
				nipple for the air connection. A hose connection is made to a compressed air
				source in the plant by means of a snap-on fitting. The air pressure can be
				controlled by an inexpensive pressure reducing valve (range 0-60 psig) followed
				by a 1/2-inch globe-type bleeder valve connected into the side outlet of a
				1/2-inch tee installed between the pressure reducing valve and the testing
				device. The pressure switch so be tested is disconnected from the pasteurizer
				and connected to another of the outlets of the sanitary tee, and the pressure
				gauge is connected to the third outlet of the sanitary tee. By careful
				manipulation of the air pressure reducing valve and the air bleeder valve, the
				air pressure in the testing device may be regulated slowly and precisely. (In
				operating the device, care should be taken to avoid exposing the pressure
				switch and the sanitary pressure gauge to excessive pressure which might damage
				them. This can be done by first closing off the air pressure regulating valve
				and opening fully the bleeder valve; these may then be manipulated slowly to
				bring the air pressure in the testing device within the desired range.) A test
				light of proper voltage can be placed in series with the pressure switch
				contact and in parallel with the electrical load (booster pump starter) so the
				actuation point may be readily determined.
Method. --Check and make adjustment of pressure switch so as to
				prevent the operation of the booster pump unless the pressure on the
				pasteurized product side of the regenerator is greater by at least 1 psi than
				any pressure that may be generated on the raw side.
Procedure.--
a. Determine maximum pressure of booster pump.
(1) Install sanitary pressure gauge in tee at discharge of
				booster pump.
(2) Operate the pasteurizer with water, with the flow-diversion
				device in forward-flow position, the metering pump operating at minimum speed
				possible, and the booster pump operating at its rated speed. If vacuum
				equipment is located between the raw outlet from the regenerator and the
				metering pump, it should be bypassed while this determination is made.
(3) Note maximum pressure indicated by pressure gauge under
				these conditions.
b. Check and set the pressure switch.
(1) Install a sanitary pressure gauge of known accuracy on the
				pneumatic testing device to which the pressure switch sensing element should
				also be connected.
(2) Remove the seal and cover to expose adjustment mechanism on
				pressure switch.
(3) Operate the testing device and determine the pressure gauge
				reading at the cut-in point of the pressure switch which will light the test
				lamp. (If the switch is short circuited, the lamp will be lighted before air
				pressure is applied.)
(4) The cut-in point should be adjusted, if necessary, so as to
				occur at a pressure gauge reading at least 1 psi greater than the maximum
				booster pump operating pressure, as determined under a. preceding. Where
				adjustment is necessary, refer to manufacturer's instructions for adjusting
				procedure. After adjustment, recheck actuation point and readjust if
				necessary.
(5) Replace cover and seal the pressure switch and restore
				sensing element to original location.
(6) Record test results for the office record.
2. TIME-DELAY SWITCHES.--Used to control operation of booster
				pumps.
Application.--To all time-delay switches controlling operation
				of booster pumps.
Frequency.--Upon installation, after any change in the pump or
				relay circuit and whenever seal is broken.
Criteria.--The booster pump shall not operate until the
				pasteurized product has achieved a pressure at least 1 pound greater than the
				maximum pressure developed by the booster pump.
Apparatus. --Accurate stopwatch, graduated at intervals not to
				exceed 0.2 of 1 second, pressure gauge or manometer.
Method.--Reference: Dashiell, W. N., Use of Time Delay Relay To
				Control Booster Pump Operation. Journal of Milk and Food Technology, 21:7. July
				1958.
Procedure.--
a. Operate pasteurizers with water with the flow-diversion
				device in forward-flow position, metering pump operating at minimum speed,
				booster pump at rated speed. Vacuum equipment not operating or bypassed.
b. Determine the maximum pressure developed at the discharge of
				the booster pump. Following the determination of the height of the liquid
				level, add at least 3 feet to provide the 1 pound pressure differential
				equivalent of 0.7 feet of water column to compensate for difference in the
				specific gravity between water at 161° F (72° C) and raw product at
				40° F (5° C). The pasteurized liquid level must rise to the computed
				elevation, above the outlet level of the booster pump and be vented to the
				atmosphere at this or higher level.
c. Time the interval from the moment the forward flow is
				established until the pasteurized liquid level rises to the required elevation.
				The time measurement shall be made at the beginning of a run when no water is
				in the pasteurized product line. The booster pump shall not be
				operating.
d. The time-delay relay shall be installed in the circuit,
				interlocked with the metering pump, forward-flow of the flow-diversion device
				and the booster pump. Adjust the time-delay setting to provide the time
				interval. Check the setting several times. Seal the time-delay relay.
e. Record for permanent office record.
Corrective Action.--Adjust pasteurized product pipe to proper
				elevation. If time-delay relay is not accurate, return for repair.
3. PRESSURE GAUGES. --Used with booster pump operations.
Application.--To all required pressure gauges used to measure
				relative raw product and pasteurized product pressure in HTST
				regenerators.
Frequency. --Upon installation, each 3 months thereafter, and
				whenever the gauges are adjusted or repaired.
Criteria. --Required pressure gauges shall be accurate.
Apparatus. --Identical testing device used to check proper
				operation of pressure switch (Test 9, 1).
A pressure gauge of known accuracy is connected to one outlet
				of the test apparatus. The gauge being checked is connected to the second
				outlet of the sanitary tee. Air is bled into the system through the third
				outlet and comparative readings made. Record test results for office
				record.
Corrective Action. --Inaccurate gauges should be returned to
				the factory for repair. It is not recommended that the plant operator attempt
				the adjustment of pressure gauges.
4. DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE CONTROLLER
Application.--To all differential pressure controllers used to
				control operation of booster pumps on HTST systems.
Frequency. --Upon installation, each 3 months thereafter, and
				whenever the differential pressure controller is adjusted or repaired.
Criteria. --The booster pump shall not operate unless the
				product pressure in the pasteurized side of the regenerator is at least 1 psi
				greater than the product pressure in the raw side of the regenerator.
Apparatus.--A sanitary pressure gauge and a pneumatic testing
				device described under PRESSURE SWITCHES (Test 9,1) above can be used for
				checking and adjusting the differential pressure switch setting.
Method. --The differential pressure switch is checked and
				adjusted to prevent operation of the booster pump, or prevent forward flow,
				unless the product pressure in the pasteurized side of the regenerator is at
				least 1 psi greater than the pressure in the raw side of the
				regenerator.
Procedures.--
a. Loosen the process connection at both pressure sensors and
				wait for any liquid to drain through the loose connections. Both pointers
				should be within 0.5 psi of 0 psig. If not, adjust pointer(s) to read 0 pounds
				psig.
b. Remove both sensors from the process and mount them in a
				tee, either at the discharge of the booster pump, or connected to the pneumatic
				testing device. Note the separation between the two pointers. The change in
				elevations of the sensors will have caused some change in the zero readings.
				Turn on the booster pump switch and depress the test push button to operate the
				booster pump. If the pneumatic testing device is used in lieu of the booster
				pump, adjust air pressure to the normal operating pressure of the booster pump.
				Note that the pointer separation is within 1 psi of that observed before
				pressure was applied. If not, the instrument requires adjustment or
				repair.
c. Return the pressure sensors to their normal process
				locations and turn off the booster pump switch. Manually move and hold the
				white pointer (raw side of the regenerator) at the normal operating pressure of
				the booster pump. Press the test push button while manually moving the orange
				pointer (pasteurized side of the regenerator) upscale until the pilot light
				turns on, then slowly move the orange pointer downscale until the pilot light
				turns off. The pilot light should not turn on until the orange pointer is at
				least 2 psi higher than the white pointer, and the pilot light should turn off
				when the orange pointer is no less than 2 psi higher than the white pointer. If
				necessary, adjust the differential setting. The 2 psi differential represents
				the sum of the 1 psi differential required between raw and pasteurized product
				in the regenerator, plus the 1 psi imprecision permitted between the two
				pressure sensors.
d. Seal the instrument and record test results for the office
				record.
TEST 10. CONTINUOUS FLOW HOLDERS--HOLDING TIME
Reference.--Item 16p(A).
Application. --To all HTST pasteurizers employing a holding
				time of 15 seconds or longer.
Frequency. --Upon installation and semiannually thereafter,
				whenever seal on speed setting is broken; any alteration is made affecting the
				holding time, the velocity of the flow (such as, replacement of pump, motor,
				belt, drive or driven pulleys, or decrease in number of HTST plates) or the
				capacity of holding tube; or whenever a check of the capacity indicates a
				speedup.
Criteria.--Every particle of product shall be held for at least
				15 seconds in both the forward- and diverted-flow positions.
Apparatus.--Electrical conductivity measuring device, Appendix
				10(I), capable of detecting change in conductivity, equipped with standard
				electrodes; table salt (sodium chloride), 50 ml. syringe; stopwatch; suitable
				container for salt solution.
Method.--The holding time is determined by timing the interval
				for an added trace substance to pass through the holder. Although the time
				interval of the fastest particle of product is desired, the conductivity test
				is made with water. The results found with water are converted to the product
				flow time by formulation since a pump may not deliver the same amount of
				product as it does water.
Procedure.--
1. Examine the entire system to insure that all flow promoting
				equipment is operating at maximum capacity and all flow impeding equipment is
				so adjusted or bypassed as to provide the minimum of resistance to the flow.
				There shall be no leakage on the suction side of the timing pump.
2. Adjust variable speed pump to its maximum capacity
				(preferably with a new belt and full size impellers). Check homogenizers for
				seals and/or gears or pulley identification.
3. Install one electrode at the inlet to the holder and the
				other electrode in the holder outlet. Close the circuit to the electrode
				located at the inlet to the holder.
4. Operate the pasteurizer using water at pasteurization
				temperature, with flow-diversion device in forward-flow position.
5. Quickly inject 50 ml. of saturated sodium chloride solution
				into the holder inlet.
6. Start the stopwatch with the first movement of the indicator
				of a change in conductivity. Open the circuit to the inlet electrode and close
				the circuit to the electrode at the outlet of the holder.
7. Stop the stopwatch with the first movement of the indicator
				of a change in conductivity.
8. Record results.
9. Repeat the test six or more times, until six successive
				results are within 0.5 seconds of each other. The average of these six tests is
				the holding time for water in forward flow. When consistent readings cannot be
				obtained, purge the equipment, check instruments and connections, and check for
				air leakage on suction side. Repeat tests. Should consistent readings not be
				obtained, use the fastest time as the holding time for water.
10. Repeat steps 4. through 9. for testing time on water in
				diverted flow.
11. With the pump at the same speed and equipment adjusted as
				in 1. above, time the filling of a 10-gallon can with a measured weight of
				water using the discharge outlet with the same head pressure as in normal
				operation. Average the time of several trials. (Since flow rates of the large
				capacity units make it very difficult to check by filling a 10-gallon can, it
				is suggested that a calibrated tank of considerable size be used.)
12. Repeat procedure 11. using milk.
13. Compute the holding time for milk from the following
				formula by weight, using the average specific gravity. Compute separately for
				forward flow and diverted flow.
Holding time for milk=(1.032(TMw)/Ww)(by weight), in
				which--
1.032 = specific gravity for milk;
T = average holding time for water;
Mw = average time required to deliver a measured weight of
				milk.
Ww = average time required to deliver an equal weight of
				water.
14. Record results for office record.
Corrective Action.--When the computed holding time for milk is
				less than that required either in forward flow or diverted flow, the speed of
				the timing pump shall be reduced or adjustment made in the holding tube, and
				the timing test repeated until satisfactory holding time is achieved. Should an
				orifice be used to correct the holding time in diverted flow, there should be
				no excessive pressure exerted on the underside of the valve seat of the
				flow-diversion device. Governors shall be sealed on motors that do not provide
				a constant speed as provided in Item 16p(A), section
				3.25(b)(6)(ii) 
				of this Title.