New York Codes, Rules and Regulations › Title 12 - DEPARTMENT OF LABOR › Chapter I - Industrial Board Of Appeals › Subchapter A - The Industrial Code › Part 50 - Lasers › Section 50.23 - Tables

Current through Register Vol. 46, No. 28, July 10, 2024
The tables hereto annexed and designated: "Table 1-Maximum
					 Permissible Corneal Exposure for Direct Illumination or Specular Reflection of
					 Laser Radiation"; "Table 2-Maximum Permissible Skin Exposure"; "Table 3-Maximum
					 Permissible Output Densities for Non-Enclosed Laser in an Uncontrolled Area
					 (Limits for Low-Intensity Lasers)"; and "Table 4-Attenuation of Laser Safety
					 Eyewear" are hereby made part of this Part (rule).
TABLE 1
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE CORNEAL EXPOSURE FOR DIRECT
					 ILLUMINATION OR SPECULAR REFLECTION OF LASER
					 RADIATION*
Q-switched 1
								  nanosecond to 1 microsecond pulse [10-9 -
								  10-6 sec.]
								  (joules/cm
2)
Non-Q-switched 1
								  microsecond to 0.1 of a second pulse [10-6 -
								  10-1 sec.]
								  (joules/cm
2)
Continuous wave or
								  pulse width greater than 0.1 of a second duration [Greater than
								  10-1 sec.]
								  (watts/cm
2)
1.0 × 10-7 **
1.0 × 10-6 **
1.0 × 10-5 **
1.0 × 10-3 ***
1.0 × 10-2 ***
1.0 × 10-2 ***
* The values in this table assume a diffraction limited and
					 zero order transverse mode beam. In the case of a higher order transverse mode
					 in a gas laser where the intrinsic beam divergence exceeds one milliradian the
					 values may be increased on the basis of experimental evidence. Because of the
					 lack of data, no explicit value is listed for the maximum permissible corneal
					 exposure for laser radiation in the wave length range below 400 nm. or for
					 sub-nanosecond pulses; therefore the cornea shall not be directly exposed to
					 this radiation until MPCE values have been established for these
					 conditions.
** For lasers operating in the wave length range 400-1400
					 nm.
*** For lasers operating in the wave length range above
					 1400nn.
TABLE 2
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE SKIN
					 EXPOSURE*
Energy Density Pulsed
								  [Q-switched, Non-Q-switched]
Power Density, Continuous Wave
(joules)
(watts)
(cm2)
(cm2)
0.1
1.0
* For lasers operating in the visible, near-infrared and
					 infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. No information is available
					 on permissible skin exposures to laser radiation in the wave length range below
					 400 nm. Therefore, caution must be used to avoid such exposure until
					 experimental data is available on permissible levels.
TABLE 3
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE OUTPUT POWER OR ENERGY DENSITIES
					 FOR A NON-ENCLOSED LASER IN AN UNCONTROLLED AREA (LIMITS FOR LOW-INTENSITY
					 LASERS)
Q-switched 1 nanosecond to 1
								microsecond pulse [10- 9 -
								10-6 sec.]
								(joules/cm
2)
Non-Q-switched 1 microsecond to 0.1 of
								a second pulse [10-6 -
								10-1 sec.] (joules/cm
2)
Continuous wave or pulse width greater
								than 0.1 of a second duration [Greater than 10- 1
								sec.] (watts/cm
2)
1.0 × 10-1
1.0
3.0
TABLE 4
ATTENUATION OF LASER SAFETY
					 EYEWEAR*
Suggested Maximum Incident Density
O.D.
Attenuation
								(db)**
Attenuation Factor
Q-switched Max. Energy Density
								(J/cm2)
Non-Q-switched Max. Energy Density
								(J/cm2)
Continuous Wave Maximum Power Density
								(W/cm2)
1
10
10
10-6
10-5
10-4
2
20
102
10-5
10-4
10-3
3
30
103
10-4
10-3
10-2
4
40
104
10-3
10-2
10-1
5
50
105
10-2
10-1
1
6
60
106
10-1
1
10
7
70
107
1
10
8
80
108
10
102
* Because of limitations of safety eyewear material, no
					 eyewear shall be exposed to more than 400 joules or 10 watts of incident laser
					 energy or power, respectively.
** (db) = Decibel. A unit to express a beam intensity
					 ratio. The decibel is equal to 10 times the logarithm of the beam intensity
					 ratio expressed by the following equation:
n(db) = 10
					 log10(P1)/(P2)
where P1 and P
					 2 designate the input and output power density or energy
					 density, respectively, and "n" designates the number of decibels corresponding
					 to their ratio.
Footnotes
* The values in this table assume a diffraction limited and
					 zero order transverse mode beam. In the case of a higher order transverse mode
					 in a gas laser where the intrinsic beam divergence exceeds one milliradian the
					 values may be increased on the basis of experimental evidence. Because of the
					 lack of data, no explicit value is listed for the maximum permissible corneal
					 exposure for laser radiation in the wave length range below 400 nm. or for
					 sub-nanosecond pulses; therefore the cornea shall not be directly exposed to
					 this radiation until MPCE values have been established for these
					 conditions.
** For lasers operating in the wave length range 400-1400
					 nm.
*** For lasers operating in the wave length range above
					 1400nn.