New York Codes, Rules and Regulations › Title 12 - DEPARTMENT OF LABOR › Chapter I - Industrial Board Of Appeals › Subchapter A - The Industrial Code › Part 23 - Protection In Construction, Demolition And Excavation Operations › Subpart 23-1 - General Provisions › Section 23-1.4 - Definitions

Current through Register Vol. 46, No. 28, July 10, 2024
(a) General
					 descriptive terms. As used in this Part (rule), such general terms as adequate,
					 effective, equal, equivalent, firm, necessary, proper, safe, secure,
					 substantial, sufficient, suitable and other similar terms when used to describe
					 materials, devices, structures, methods and procedures required by this Part
					 (rule) shall mean that such materials, devices, structures, methods and
					 procedures shall be of such kind and quality as a reasonable and prudent man
					 experienced in construction, demolition and excavation operations would require
					 in order to provide safe working conditions for himself in the performance of
					 such work.
(b) Specific terms. As
					 used herein or in connection with this Part (rule) the following terms mean:
(1) Acceptable. Acceptable to the
					 commissioner.
(2) Aerial basket. A
					 vehicle-mounted, power-operated device with an articulating or telescoping work
					 platform designed for use at elevated working positions.
(3) Approved. In respect to a device,
					 material or method: in compliance with a subsisting resolution of approval
					 adopted by the board. In respect to action by the board: made the subject of a
					 resolution of approval. There are two kinds of approval granted by the board as
					 follows:
(i) General approval. An approval,
					 either required or voluntary, which is effective throughout the State of New
					 York.
(ii) Special approval. An
					 approval, either required or voluntary, which is granted for a particular
					 device, material or method to be used or operated only at the specific location
					 stated in the resolution of special approval.
(4) Area. Any space, either private or
					 public, including a road, street or sidewalk, which may be affected by or
					 subject to hazards from construction, demolition or excavation
					 operations.
(5) Bearer. A
					 horizontal member of a scaffold which supports the platform.
(6) Blasting area. An area near any blasting
					 operation in which concussion or flying material or debris resulting from a
					 blast of explosives can reasonably be expected to cause injury to any person
					 therein.
(7) Board. The Board of
					 Standards and Appeals of the State of New York.
(8) Boatswain's chair. A seat supported by
					 rope slings attached to a block and tackle or supported by a powered hoisting
					 unit designed to accommodate one person in a sitting position for vertical
					 travel.
(9) Bricklayer's square
					 scaffold. A scaffold the platform of which is composed of planks supported on
					 built-up squares secured to each other by diagonal bracing.
(10) Catch platform. A structure fabricated
					 and mounted on an exterior vertical wall of any building or other structure and
					 designed to catch and hold falling objects or material from upper working
					 levels.
(11) Commissioner. The
					 Industrial Commissioner of the State of New York or his duly authorized
					 representative.
(12) Competent.
					 Qualified by training and/or experience to perform a particular task or
					 duty.
(13) Construction work. All
					 work of the types performed in the construction, erection, alteration, repair,
					 maintenance, painting or moving of buildings or other structures, whether or
					 not such work is performed in proximate relation to a specific building or
					 other structure and includes, by way of illustration but not by way of
					 limitation, the work of hoisting, land clearing, earth moving, grading,
					 excavating, trenching, pipe and conduit laying, road and bridge construction,
					 concreting, cleaning of the exterior surfaces including windows of any building
					 or other structure under construction, equipment installation and the
					 structural installation of wood, metal, glass, plastic, masonry and other
					 building materials in any form or for any purpose.
(14) Dangerous air contaminants. Air
					 contaminants in quantities tending to injure the health of any person. Air
					 contaminants in quantities greater than 25 percent of the lower explosive level
					 of any substance, mixture or compound which they may form.
(15) Dead load. The load imposed on a
					 structure by the weight of all component parts which make up such
					 structure.
(16) Demolition work.
					 The work incidental to or associated with the total or partial dismantling or
					 razing of a building or other structure including the removing or dismantling
					 of machinery or other equipment.
(17) Designated person. A person selected and
					 directed by an employer or his authorized agent to perform a specific task or
					 duty.
(18) Excavating machine. A
					 power-driven vehicle equipped to excavate, push, grade or elevate earth, rock
					 or other material.
(19) Excavation
					 work. The removal of earth, rock or other material in connection with
					 construction or demolition operations.
(20) Excavation, area-type. An excavation
					 having a bottom width equal to or greater than twice the depth of such
					 excavation.
(21) Excavation,
					 trench-type. An excavation having a bottom width less than twice the depth of
					 such excavation.
(22) Extension
					 ladder. A nonself-supporting portable ladder adjustable in length which
					 consists of two or more sliding sections traveling in guides or
					 brackets.
(23) Extension trestle
					 ladder. A self-supporting trestle ladder provided with an adjustable vertical
					 sliding single ladder section having parallel sides or rails.
(24) Heavy duty scaffold. A scaffold designed
					 and constructed to carry a maximum live load of 75 pounds per square foot, such
					 as one intended for stone masons and required to support heavy materials in
					 addition to the workmen.
(25)
					 Independent pole scaffold. A scaffold supported from the ground, floor or
					 equivalent surface by a double row of vertical poles, independent of support
					 from the walls of a building or other structure, and which consists of poles,
					 ledgers, diagonal bracing, horizontal platform bearers and a
					 platform.
(26) Job site. The site
					 of a project involving construction, demolition or excavation
					 operations.
(27) Ladder jack
					 scaffold. A scaffold the platform of which is supported by brackets or jacks
					 attached to the side rails of ladders.
(28) Ledger. A horizontal scaffold member
					 extending to and forming a tie between the vertical posts and which supports
					 the putlogs or bearers.
(29) Life
					 net. An approved life net made and used in compliance with the provisions of
					 this Part (rule).
(30) Light duty
					 scaffold. A scaffold designed and constructed to carry a maximum live load of
					 25 pounds per square foot, such as one intended for carpenters or painters and
					 required to support no load other than a small weight of material or tools in
					 addition to the workmen.
(31) Live
					 load. The load imposed on a structure consisting of the total weight of all
					 loads supported by such structure.
(32) Manually propelled mobile scaffold. A
					 portable rolling scaffold supported by casters.
(33) Material platform hoist. A power- or
					 manually-operated suspended platform operating in guide rails attached to a
					 tower or similar structure used for raising or lowering material exclusively
					 and operated and controlled from a point outside the conveyance.
(34) Medium duty scaffold. A scaffold
					 designed and constructed to carry a maximum live load of 50 pounds per square
					 foot, such as one intended for bricklayers or plasterers and required to
					 support no load other than a moderate weight of material in addition to the
					 workmen.
(35) Multiple-point
					 suspension scaffold. A scaffold with a continuous platform supported by three
					 or more beams or bearers the ends of which are so suspended by wire rope from
					 an overhead support as to permit the raising or lowering of the platform to a
					 desired position by manual or powered means.
(36) Needle beam scaffold. A scaffold
					 consisting of a plank platform supported by parallel horizontal beams which are
					 suspended by ropes.
(37) Outrigger
					 scaffold. A scaffold the platform of which is built upon outriggers or
					 thrust-outs projecting from the wall or exterior face of a building or other
					 structure with the inboard ends of such supports secured inside the building or
					 other structure.
(38) Personnel
					 hoist. A power-operated elevator the car of which operates in guide rails
					 supported by an exterior tower or similar structure or by an interior hoistway
					 within a building or other structure and used primarily to carry persons to
					 elevated work areas during construction or demolition operations.
(39) Persons lawfully frequenting. Any person
					 exercising a lawful right of presence or passage in any area, including persons
					 on a public sidewalk, street or highway.
(40) Power buggy. A small self-powered
					 vehicle operated by one person and used solely for the movement of materials on
					 or about construction, demolition or excavation sites.
(41) Putlog. A horizontal member of a
					 single-pole scaffold supported on one end by a ledger and on the other end by
					 the wall of a building or other structure and which supports the scaffold
					 platform.
(42) Roofing bracket. A
					 bracket used in sloped roof construction and having sharp points of other means
					 for securely fastening the bracket to the roof in order to prevent any person
					 from slipping.
(43) gRunner. A
					 horizontal member of a scaffold extending the entire length of the
					 scaffold.
(44) Safety belt. An
					 approved safety belt provided and used in accordance with the provisions of
					 this Part (rule).
(45) Scaffold. A
					 temporary elevated working platform and its supporting structure including all
					 components.
(46) Sectional ladder.
					 A ladder consisting of two or more individual sections so constructed that the
					 sections can be connected and combined end to end to function as a single
					 ladder.
(47) Shall. The word shall
					 is always mandatory.
(48) Shoring,
					 concrete. A system of temporary supports, either wood or metal, used to support
					 the weight of forms and uncured concrete.
(49) Shoring, excavation. Temporary bracing
					 used to support the sides of an excavation to prevent their collapse.
(50) Single ladder. A nonself-supporting
					 portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, consisting of but one
					 section.
(51) Single pole scaffold.
					 A scaffold the platform of which rests on putlogs or cross-beams, the outer
					 ends of which are supported on ledgers secured to a single row of vertical
					 posts or uprights while the inboard ends are supported on the top of a wall or
					 other structure or by means of openings in a wall or other structure.
(52) Soil.
(i) Stiff cohesive soil. Soil which does not
					 crumble and which shows only slight indentations with moderate finger pressure.
					 Such soils are generally stiff silts and clays or glacial tills with a
					 relatively high content of plastic fines.
(ii) Noncohesive soil. Soil which crumbles by
					 itself or under slight finger pressure. Such soils are generally silts, sands,
					 gravels or mixtures of these with little or no plastic fines present.
(iii) Soft cohesive or wet-flowing soils. Wet
					 sticky soil which can be molded with slight finger pressure or wet fine-grained
					 granual soil which flows under its own weight. Such soils are either soft
					 silts, clays, organic soils or wet loose sands and/or silts.
(53) Stepladder. A self-supporting
					 portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, having flat steps or heavy duty rungs
					 and a hinged back.
(54) Stilts. A
					 pair of devices with foot and leg attachments which are used to elevate a
					 person above a floor or equivalent surface in order to perform work on walls
					 and ceilings.
(55) Tower crane. A
					 crane design which utilizes a mast or tower in a fixed vertical position for
					 supporting the operating boom. The three elements of a tower crane are a
					 revolving superstructure, a base mounting and a boom attachment and such
					 elements are varied for each tower crane application.
(56) Trestle ladder. A self-supporting
					 portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, consisting of two sections which are
					 hinged together at the top to form equal angles with the base.
(57) Tube and coupler scaffold. A
					 self-supporting scaffold constructed of individual pieces of tubular metal,
					 pipe or other material of equivalent strength forming vertical posts, runners,
					 bearers and diagonal bracing and with all junction points fastened together by
					 means of approved couplers or approved locking devices.
(58) Two-point suspension scaffold. A
					 scaffold of the type commonly known as a painter's scaffold or swing staging
					 having a platform supported by stirrups or hangers at two points near the ends
					 and which is so suspended from overhead supports as to permit the raising or
					 lowering of the platform to a desired position either manually or by means of
					 power.
(59) Window jack. A working
					 platform for one person which is supported by a bracket or jack which projects
					 through a window opening.
(60) Zone
					 of demolition. Any area in the immediate vicinity of a demolition site where
					 persons may be injured from falling material or debris or from the operation of
					 demolition machinery or equipment.