Oklahoma Administrative Code › Title 252 - Department of Environmental Quality › Chapter 410 - Radiation Management › Subchapter 1 - General Provisions › Section 252:410-1-2 - Definitions

Current through Vol. 41, No. 20, July 1, 2024
The following words or terms, when used in this Chapter,
				  shall have the following meaning, unless the context clearly indicates
				  otherwise. In cases of conflict between the definitions of this section and
				  those incorporated by reference from 10 CFR, 10 CFR definitions incorporated by
				  reference into Subchapter 10 shall prevail for purposes of the Radioactive
				  Materials Program; definitions incorporated by reference into Subchapter 21
				  shall prevail for NESHAP purposes; and definitions incorporated by reference
				  into Subchapter 20, shall apply to all persons subject to this Chapter.
"Accelerator-produced material"
means any
				  material made radioactive by a particle accelerator.
"Access panel"
means any barrier or panel on a
				  cabinet which is designed to be removed or opened for maintenance or service
				  purposes, requires tools to open and allows access to the interior.
"Agreement State"
means any State with which the
				  U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission has
				  entered into an effective agreement under subsection 274(b) of the Atomic
				  Energy Act of 1954, as amended (73 Stat. 689;
				  42 USC §
										2021
et seq.
).
"Analytical x-ray system"
means a group of
				  components utilizing x or gamma rays to determine the elemental composition or
				  to examine the microstructure of materials.
"Anniversary date"
means the issuance day and
				  month of a permit or license.
"Application"
means a written request for a new,
				  amended or renewed authorization.
"Assembler"
means any person engaged in the
				  business of assembling, replacing, or installing one or more components into an
				  x-ray system or subsystem. The term includes the owner of an x-ray system or
				  his or her employee or agent who assembles components into an x-ray system that
				  is subsequently used to provide professional or commercial services.
"Authorization"
means any DEQ radiation
				  management plan approval, certificate, individual certification, permit,
				  license, or reciprocity recognition required by this Chapter.
"Beam-limiting device"
means a device which
				  provides a means to restrict the dimensions of the x-ray field.
"Byproduct material"
means:
(A) Any radioactive material (except special nuclear
				  material) yielded in, or made radioactive by, exposure to the radiation
				  incident to the process of producing or using special nuclear material;
(B) The tailings or wastes produced by the extraction or
				  concentration of uranium or thorium from ore processed primarily for its source
				  material content, including discrete surface wastes resulting from uranium
				  solution extraction processes. Underground ore bodies depleted by these
				  solution extraction operations do not constitute "byproduct material" within
				  this definition;
(C) Any discrete source of radium-226 that is produced,
				  extracted, or converted after extraction, before, on, or after August 8, 2005,
				  for use for a commercial, medical, or research activity; or
(D) Any material that:
(i) Has been made radioactive by use of a particle
				  accelerator; and
(ii) Is produced, extracted, or converted after extraction,
				  before, on, or after August 8, 2005, for use for a commercial, medical, or
				  research activity; and
(E) Any discrete source of naturally occurring radioactive
				  material, other than source material, that:
(i) The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, in consultation
				  with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Secretary of
				  Energy, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the head of any other
				  appropriate Federal agency, determines would pose a threat similar to the
				  threat posed by a discrete source of radium-226 to the public health and safety
				  or the common defense and security; and
(ii) Before, on, or after August 8, 2005, is extracted or
				  converted after extraction for use in a commercial, medical, or research
				  activity.
"Calibration"
means the determination of:
(A) the response or reading of an instrument relative to a
				  series of known radiation values over the range of the instrument, or
(B) the strength of a source of radiation relative to a
				  standard.
"Central axis of the beam"
means a line passing
				  through the virtual source and the center of the plane figure formed by the
				  edge of the first beam limiting device.
"CFR"
means the Code of Federal
				  Regulations.
"Chapter"
means, unless specified otherwise, OAC
				  252:410, Radiation Management.
"Collimator"
means a device or mechanism by
				  which the x-ray beam is restricted in size.
"Contact therapy"
means an x-ray system used for
				  therapy with the x-ray tube port placed in contact with or within 5 centimeters
				  of the surface being treated.
"Control panel"
means that part of the radiation
				  machine control upon which are mounted the switches, knobs, push buttons, and
				  other hardware necessary for manually setting the technique factors.
"Corresponding authorization"
means a permit,
				  license or certification issued to a person by an out-of-state entity that
				  authorizes the same or similar radiation management activities as those
				  authorized by DEQ for this state.
"DEQ"
means the Oklahoma Department of
				  Environmental Quality.
"Dose monitoring system"
means a system of
				  devices for the detection, measurement, and display of quantities of
				  radiation.
"Dose monitor unit"
means a unit response from
				  the dose monitoring system from which the absorbed dose can be
				  calculated.
"Exposure rate"
means the exposure per unit of
				  time, such as Roentgen per minute and milliRoentgen per hour.
"Facility"
or
"Site"
means the
				  location at which one or more radiation producing units are located and/or
				  installed. Facilities or sites with several such units located and/or installed
				  in different buildings and/or vehicles, but at the same street address and
				  under the same administrative control will be considered to be one
				  facility.
"Field emission equipment"
means equipment which
				  uses an x-ray tube in which electron emission from the cathode is due solely to
				  the action of an electric field.
"Field size"
means the dimensions along the
				  major axes of an area in a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the
				  useful beam of incident radiation at a normal treatment distance and defined by
				  the intersection of the major axes and the 50 percent isodose line. Material
				  shall be placed in the beam such that dose maximum is produced at the normal
				  treatment distance when field size is being determined.
"Filter"
means material placed in the useful
				  beam to absorb preferentially selected radiations.
"Focal spot"
means the area projected on the
				  anode of the x-ray tube by the electrons accelerated from the cathode and from
				  which the useful beam originates.
"Gantry"
means that part of the system
				  supporting and allowing possible movement of the radiation head.
"Half-value layer"
, also known as "HVL", means
				  the thickness of specified material which attenuate the beam of radiation to an
				  extent such that the exposure rate is reduced to one-half of its original
				  value. In this definition, the contribution of all scattered radiation, other
				  than any which might be present initially in the beam concerned, is deemed to
				  be excluded.
"Healing arts"
means those professional
				  disciplines authorized by the laws of this state to use x-rays or radioactive
				  material in the diagnosis or treatment of human or animal disease.
"Industrial radiographer"
means an individual
				  who performs or personally supervises industrial radiographic operations and
				  who is responsible to their employer or contractor permittee or licensee for
				  assuring compliance with the requirements of this Chapter and the conditions of
				  the permit or license.
"Industrial radiography"
means a non-destructive
				  testing method that uses ionizing radiation such as gamma rays or x-rays to
				  make radiographic images for the purpose of detecting flaws in objects.
"Industrial x-ray system"
means an x-ray system
				  used in manufacturing or for industrial quality control.
"Inspection"
means an official examination or
				  observation including but not limited to, records, tests, surveys, and
				  monitoring to determine compliance with rules, orders, requirements, and
				  conditions of the DEQ.
"Interlock"
means a device arranged or connected
				  such that the occurrence of an event or condition is required before a second
				  event or condition can occur or continue to occur or, where applicable, means a
				  device for precluding access to an area of high radiation by automatically
				  reducing the exposure rate.
"Interruption of radiation"
means stopping
				  irradiation with the possibility of continuing irradiation without resetting of
				  operating conditions at the control panel.
"Irradiation"
means the exposure of matter to
				  ionizing radiation.
"Isocenter"
means the intersection of the
				  collimator axis of rotation and the gantry axis of rotation.
"kV"
means kilovolts.
"kVp"
means the maximum value of the potential
				  difference across the x-ray tube during an exposure and shall be deemed to be
				  equivalent to kilovolts peak.
"Lead equivalent"
means the thickness of lead
				  affording the same attenuation, under specified conditions, as the material in
				  question.
"Leakage radiation"
means radiation emanating
				  from the therapeutic source assembly except for:
(A) the useful beam; and
(B) radiation produced when the exposure switch or timer is
				  not activated.
"Leakage technique factors"
means the technique
				  factors which are used in measuring leakage radiation associated with the
				  diagnostic or therapeutic assembly. They are defined as follows:
(A) for diagnostic tube housing assemblies intended for
				  capacitor energy storage equipment, the maximum-rated peak tube potential (kVp)
				  and the maximum-rated number of exposures in an hour for operation at the
				  maximum-rated peak tube potential with the quantity of charge per exposure
				  being 10 millicoulombs, i.e., 10 milliampere-seconds, or the minimum obtainable
				  from the unit, whichever is larger.
(B) for diagnostic tube housing assemblies intended for field
				  emission equipment rated for pulsed operation, the maximum-rated peak tube
				  potential and the maximum-rated number of x-ray pulses in an hour for operation
				  at the maximum-rated peak tube potential.
(C) for all other diagnostic or therapeutic tube housing
				  assemblies, the maximum-rated peak tube potential and the maximum-rated
				  continuous tube current for the maximum-rated peak tube potential.
"Local components"
mean part of a radiation
				  machine and include areas that are struck by radiation such as housings, port
				  and shutter assemblies, collimators, sample holders, cameras, goniometers,
				  detectors, and shielding, but do not include power supplies, transformers,
				  amplifiers, readout devices, and control panels.
"mA"
means milliampere.
"MeV"
means million electron volts.
"Moving beam therapy"
means radiation therapy
				  with relative displacement of the useful beam and/or the patient during
				  irradiation. It includes arc therapy, skip therapy, conformational therapy, and
				  rotational therapy.
"Nominal treatment distance"
means:
(A) for electron irradiation, the distance from the
				  scattering foil or exit window of the electron beam to the surface along the
				  central axis of the useful beam, or from the virtual source to the surface
				  along the central axis of the useful beam as specified by the
				  manufacturer.
(B) for x-ray irradiation, the virtual source or target to
				  isocenter distance along the central axis of the useful beam. For nonisocentric
				  equipment, this distance shall be that specified by the manufacturer.
"Normal operating procedures"
mean step-by-step
				  instructions necessary to accomplish the task. These procedures shall include
				  sample insertion and manipulation, equipment alignment, routine maintenance by
				  the permittee, and data recording procedures, which are related to radiation
				  safety.
"NRC"
means the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
				  Commission.
"Open-beam system"
means an x-ray system in
				  which an individual could accidentally place some part of his body in the
				  primary beam path during normal operation.
"Part"
means the numbered Part of the Subchapter
				  in which the reference appears unless specified otherwise.
"Particle accelerator"
means any machine capable
				  of accelerating electrons, protons, deuterons, or other charged particles in a
				  vacuum and of discharging the resultant particulate or other radiation into a
				  medium at energies usually in excess of 1 MeV.
"Patient"
means an individual subjected to a
				  healing arts examination, diagnosis or treatment.
"Peak tube potential"
(See kVp).
"Permanent x-ray radiographic installation"
means an enclosed shielded room, cell or vault in which radiography is
				  performed.
"Permittee"
means any person who holds a permit
				  issued by the DEQ in accordance with this Chapter.
"Personnel monitoring equipment"
means devices
				  such as film badges, pocket dosimeters, and thermoluminescent dosimeters
				  designed to be worn or carried by an individual for the purpose of estimating
				  the dose received by the individual.
"Phantom"
means a volume of material behaving in
				  a manner similar to tissue with respect to the attenuation and scattering of
				  radiation.
"Practical range of the electrons"
corresponds
				  to classical electron range where the only contribution to dose is from
				  bremsstrahlung x-rays.
"Primary authorization"
means the radiation
				  management license, permit or certification issued by an out-of-state entity
				  which DEQ has recognized under reciprocity.
"Primary beam"
means ionizing radiation emitted
				  from the target and passing through the window of the x-ray tube
				  housing.
"Primary dose monitoring system"
means a system
				  which will monitor the useful beam during irradiation and which will terminate
				  irradiation when a pre-selected number of dose monitor units have been
				  acquired.
"Protective barrier"
means a barrier of
				  radiation absorbing material(s) used to reduce radiation exposure. The types of
				  protective barriers are as follows:
(A)
"Primary protective barrier"
means the
				  material, excluding filters, placed in the useful beam, for protection
				  purposes, to reduce the radiation exposure.
(B)
"Secondary protective barrier"
means a
				  barrier sufficient to attenuate the stray radiation (the sum of leakage and
				  scattered radiation) to the required degree.
"Qualified expert"
means a person certified in
				  an appropriate field by the American Board of Radiology in Physics, the
				  American Board of Health Physics, the American Board of Medical Physics, the
				  American Board of Nuclear Medicine Science, or persons otherwise deemed to have
				  equivalent qualifications.
"Radiation detector"
means a device which in the
				  presence of radiation provides a signal or other indication suitable for use in
				  measuring one or more quantities of incident radiation.
"Radiation head"
means the structure from which
				  the useful beam emerges.
"Radiation machine"
means any device capable of
				  producing radiation except those which produce radiation only from radioactive
				  material.
"Radiation safety officer"
means an individual
				  who has the responsibility to apply and enforce the overall radiation safety
				  program at a facility or site.
"Radioactive material"
means any solid, liquid,
				  or gas which emits radiation spontaneously.
"Radioactive Materials Program"
means the DEQ
				  radiation management program for licensing of certain categories of radioactive
				  materials based on the Oklahoma Environmental Quality Code including the
				  Oklahoma Radiation Management Act; the Atomic Energy Act of 1954,
				  42 U.S.C.
				  2011
et seq
. as amended;
				  Title II of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974,
				  42 U.S.C.
				  5801
et seq.
; the State
				  Agreement; this Chapter (OAC 252:410) including the rules incorporated from
				  Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations; and orders or licenses issued
				  thereunder.
"Radioactivity"
means the transformation of
				  unstable atomic nuclei by the emission of radiation.
"Radiological physicist"
means a person
				  certified by the American Board of Radiology as either a radiological physicist
				  or a radiation therapy physicist or by the American Board of Medical Physics
				  certified in therapy physics, or persons with equivalent qualifications.
"Rating"
means the operating limits as specified
				  by the component manufacturer.
"Reciprocity recognition"
means DEQ has
				  recognized a person's radiation management authorization issued by an
				  out-of-state entity as a primary authorization and, on the strength of that
				  underlying authorization and the person's compliance record in that and other
				  recognizing states, has authorized that person to perform certain corresponding
				  radiation management activities in Oklahoma without a DEQ-issued permit,
				  license or certification.
"Recognized person"
means a person approved by
				  DEQ for reciprocity recognition.
"Restricted area"
(controlled area) means any
				  area, access to which is controlled by the permittee, for the purpose of
				  protecting individuals from exposure to radiation and radioactive material. A
				  restricted area shall not include any areas used for residential quarters,
				  although a room or rooms in a residential building may be set apart as a
				  restricted area.
"Roentgen"
means the special unit of exposure.
				  One Roentgen (R) equals 2.58 x 10-4
					 coulombs/kilogram of air.
"Scattered radiation"
means radiation that,
				  during passage through matter, has been deviated in direction. The term
				  includes direct scattered and primary scattered radiation which has been
				  deviated in direction only by materials irradiated by the useful beam.
"Sealed source"
means any radioactive material
				  that is encapsulated to prevent leakage or escape of the radioactive
				  material.
"Secondary dose monitoring system"
means a
				  system which will terminate irradiation in the event of failure of the primary
				  system.
"Shutter"
means a device attached to the tube
				  housing assembly which can totally intercept the useful beam and which has a
				  lead equivalency not less than that of the tube housing assembly.
"Source material"
means uranium or thorium, or
				  any combination thereof, in any physical or chemical form, or ores which
				  contain by weight one-twentieth of one percent or more of uranium, thorium, or
				  any combination thereof. Source material does not include special nuclear
				  material.
"Special nuclear material"
means plutonium,
				  uranium 233, uranium enriched in the isotope 233 or in the isotope 235, and any
				  other material which the NRC determines to be special nuclear material, or any
				  material artificially enriched by any of the foregoing, but does not include
				  source material.
"Spot-check"
means a procedure which is
				  performed to assure that a previous calibration continues to be valid.
"State agreement"
means the agreement between
				  the NRC and the State of Oklahoma with effective date of September 29, 2000,
				  transferring to DEQ the NRC's regulatory authority in the State of Oklahoma for
				  certain categories of radioactive material including: byproduct material,
				  source material used to take advantage of its density and high-mass property
				  where the use of the specifically licensed source material is subordinate to
				  the primary specifically licensed use of byproduct material, and special
				  nuclear material in quantities not sufficient to form a critical mass.
"Stationary beam therapy"
means radiation
				  therapy without relative displacement of the useful beam and the patient during
				  irradiation.
"Subchapter"
means a Subchapter of this Chapter
				  unless stated otherwise.
"Target"
means that part of a radiation head
				  which by design intercepts a beam of accelerated particles with subsequent
				  emission of other radiation.
"Technique factors"
means the conditions of
				  operation. They are specified as follows:
(A) for capacitor energy storage equipment, peak tube
				  potential (kVp) in kV and quantity of charge in milliampere second
				  (mAs);
(B) for field emission equipment rated for pulsed operation,
				  peak tube potential in kV and number of x-ray pulses;
(C) for CT equipment designed for pulsed operations, peak
				  tube potential in kV, scan time in seconds, and either tube current in mA,
				  x-ray pulse width in seconds, and the number of x-ray pulses per scan or the
				  product of tube current, x-ray pulse width, and the number of x-ray pulses in
				  mAs;
(D) for CT equipment not designed for pulsed operation, peak
				  tube potential in kV, and either tube current in mA and scan time in seconds or
				  the product of tube current and exposure time in mAs and the scan time when the
				  scan time and exposure time are equivalent; and
(E) for all other equipment, peak tube potential in kV and
				  either tube current in mA and exposure time in seconds or the product of tube
				  current and exposure time in mAs.
"Temporary job site"
means a location where
				  radioactive materials or radiation machines are used, other than the specific
				  use location(s) listed on a permit or license.
"Termination of irradiation"
means the stopping
				  of irradiation in a fashion which will not permit continuance of irradiation
				  without the resetting of operating conditions at the control panel.
"Test"
means the process of verifying compliance
				  with an applicable regulation.
"Traceable to a national standard"
means that a
				  quantity or a measurement has been compared to a national standard directly or
				  indirectly through one or more intermediate steps and that all comparisons have
				  been documented.
"Tube housing assembly"
means the tube housing
				  with the tube installed. It includes any high-voltage and/or filament
				  transformers and other appropriate elements contained within the tube
				  housing.
"Useful beam"
means the radiation emanating from
				  the tube housing port or the radiation head and passing through the aperture of
				  the beam limiting device when the exposure controls are in a mode to cause the
				  system to produce radiation.
"Virtual source"
means a point from which
				  radiation appears to originate.
"Wedge filter"
means an added filter effecting
				  continuous progressive attenuation on all or part of the useful beam.
"X-ray field"
means that area of the
				  intersection of the useful beam and any one of the set of planes parallel to
				  and including the plane of the image receptor, whose perimeter is the locus of
				  points at which the exposure rate is one-fourth of the maximum in the
				  intersection.
"X-ray high-voltage generator"
means a device
				  which transforms electrical energy from the potential supplied by the x-ray
				  control to the tube operating potential. The device may also include means for
				  transforming alternating current to direct current, filament transformers for
				  the x-ray tube(s), high-voltage switches, electrical protective devices, and
				  other appropriate elements.
"X-ray system"
means an assemblage of components
				  for the controlled production of x-rays. It includes minimally an x-ray
				  high-voltage generator, an x-ray control, a tube housing assembly, a
				  beam-limiting device, and the necessary supporting structures. Additional
				  components which function with the system are considered integral parts of the
				  system.
"X-ray tube"
means any electron tube which is
				  designed to be used primarily for the production of x-rays.
"10 CFR"
means Title 10 of the Code of Federal
				  Regulations.
Added at 17 Ok Reg 1136,
				  eff 6-1-00; Amended at 21 Ok Reg 1531, eff 6-11-04; Amended at 26 Ok Reg 1193,
				  eff 7-1-09