North Dakota Administrative Code › Title 33 - State Department of Health › Article 33-24 - Hazardous Waste Management › Chapter 33-24-05 - Standards for Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities and for the Management of Specific Hazardous Wastes and Specific Types of Hazardous Waste Management Facilities › LAND DISPOSAL RESTRICTIONS › Section 33-24-05-282 - Treatment standards expressed as specified technologies

Current through Supplement No. 393, July, 2024
1. The following wastes in the table in
				  section 33-24-05-280 "Treatment Standards
				  for Hazardous Wastes", for which standards are expressed as a treatment method
				  rather than a concentration level, must be treated using the technology or
				  technologies specified in the table entitled "Technology Codes and Description
				  of Technology-Based Standards" in this section.
Table 1. Technology Codes and Description of
					 Technology-Based Standards
Technology Code
Description of Technology-Based Standards
ADGAS:
Venting of compressed gases into an absorbing or
								  reacting media (for example, solid or liquid)-venting can be accomplished
								  through physical release utilizing valves/piping; physical penetration of the
								  container; and/or penetration through detonation.
AMLGM:
Amalgamation of liquid, elemental mercury
								  contaminated with radioactive materials utilizing inorganic reagents such as
								  copper, zinc, nickel, gold, and sulfur that result in a nonliquid, semi-solid
								  amalgam and thereby reducing potential emissions of elemental mercury vapors to
								  the air.
BIODG:
Biodegradation of organics or non-metallic
								  inorganics (for example, degradable inorganics that contain the elements of
								  phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur) in units operated under either aerobic or
								  anaerobic conditions such that a surrogate compound or indicator parameter has
								  been substantially reduced in concentration in the residuals (for example,
								  Total Organic Carbon can often be used as an indicator parameter for the
								  biodegradation of many organic constituents that cannot be directly analyzed in
								  wastewater residues).
CARBN:
Carbon adsorption (granulated or powdered) of
								  non-metallic inorganics, organo-metallics, and/or organic constituents,
								  operated such that a surrogate compound or indicator parameter has not
								  undergone breakthrough (for example, Total Organic Carbon can often be used as
								  an indicator parameter for the adsorption of many organic constituents that
								  cannot be directly analyzed in wastewater residues). Breakthrough occurs when
								  the carbon has become saturated with the constituent (or indicator parameter)
								  and substantial change in adsorption rate associated with that constituent
								  occurs.
CHOXD:
Chemical or electrolytic oxidation utilizing the
								  following oxidation reagents (or waste reagents) or combinations of reagents:
								  (1) Hypochlorite (e.g. bleach); (2) chlorine; (3) chlorine dioxide; (4) ozone
								  or UV (ultraviolet light) assisted ozone; (5) peroxides; (6) persulfates; (7)
								  perchlorates; (8) permangantes; and/or (9) other oxidizing reagents of
								  equivalent efficiency, performed in units operated such that a surrogate
								  compound or indicator parameter has been substantially reduced in concentration
								  in the residuals (for example, Total Organic Carbon can often be used as an
								  indicator parameter for the oxidation of many organic constituents that cannot
								  be directly analyzed in wastewater residues). Chemical oxidation specifically
								  includes what is commonly referred to as alkaline chlorination.
CHRED:
Chemical reduction utilizing the following
								  reducing reagents (or waste reagents) or combinations of reagents: (1) Sulfur
								  dioxide; (2) sodium, potassium, or alkali salts or sulfites, bisulfites,
								  metabisulfites, and polyethylene glycols (for example, NaPEG and KPEG); (3)
								  sodium hydrosulfide; (4) ferrous salts; and/or (5) other reducing reagents of
								  equivalent efficiency, performed in units operated such that a surrogate
								  compound or indicator parameter has been substantially reduced in concentration
								  in the residuals (for example, Total Organic Halogens can often be used as an
								  indicator parameter for the reduction of many halogenated organic constituents
								  that cannot be directly analyzed in wastewater residues). Chemical reduction is
								  commonly used for the reduction of hexavalent chromium to the trivalent
								  state.
CMBST:
High temperature organic destruction technologies,
								such as combustion in incinerators, boilers, or industrial furnaces operated in
								accordance with the applicable requirements of sections
								33-24-05-144 through 33-24-05-159,
								sections 33-24-05-525 through 33-24-05-549,
								or subsection 5 of section
								33-24-06-16, and in other units
								operated in accordance with applicable technical operating requirements; and
								certain noncombustive technologies, such as the catalytic extraction
								process.
DEACT:
Deactivation to remove the hazardous characteristics
								of a waste due to its ignitability, corrosivity, and/or reactivity.
FSUBS:
Fuel substitution in units operated in accordance
								with applicable technical operating requirements.
HLVIT:
Vitrification of high level mixed radioactive wastes
								in units in compliance with all applicable radioactive protection requirements
								under control of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
IMERC:
Incineration of wastes containing organics and
								mercury in units operated in accordance with the technical operating
								requirements of sections
								33-24-05-144 through 33-24-05-159.
								All wastewater and nonwastewater residues derived from this process must then
								comply with the corresponding treatment standards per waste code with
								consideration of any applicable subcategories (for example, High or Low Mercury
								Subcategories).
INCIN:
Incineration in units operated in accordance with
								the technical operating requirements of sections
								33-24-05-144 through
								33-24-05-159.
LLEXT:
Liquid-liquid extraction (often referred to as
								solvent extraction) of organics from liquid wastes into an immiscible solvent
								for which the hazardous constituents have a greater solvent affinity, resulting
								in an extract high in organics that must undergo either incineration, reuse as
								a fuel, or other recovery/reuse and a raffinate (extracted liquid waste)
								proportionately low in organics that must undergo further treatment as
								specified in the standard.
MACRO:
Macroencapsulation with surface coating materials
								such as polymeric organics (e.g. resins and plastics) or with a jacket of inert
								inorganic materials to substantially reduce surface exposure to potential
								leaching media. Macroencapsulation specifically does not include any material
								that would be classified as a tank or container according to section
								33-24-01-04.
NEUTR:
Neutralization with the following reagents (or waste
								reagents) or combinations of reagents: (1) Acids; (2) bases; or (3) water
								(including wastewaters) resulting in a pH greater than 2 but less than 12.5 as
								measured in the aqueous residuals.
NLDBR:
No land disposal based on recycling.
POLYM:
Formation of complex high-molecular weight solids
								through polymerization of monomers in high-total organic carbon D001
								nonwastewaters which are chemical components in the manufacture of
								plastics.
PRECP:
Chemical precipitation of metals and other
								inorganics as insoluble precipitates of oxides, hydroxides, carbonates,
								sulfides, sulfates, chlorides, flourides, or phosphates. The following reagents
								(or waste reagents) are typically used alone or in combination: (1) Lime (for
								example, containing oxides and/or hydroxides of calcium and/or magnesium; (2)
								caustic (for example, sodium and/or potassium hydroxides; (3) soda ash (for
								example, sodium carbonate); (4) sodium sulfide; (5) ferric sulfate or ferric
								chloride; (6) alum; or (7) sodium sulfate. Additional flocculating, coagulation
								or similar reagents/processes that enhance sludge dewatering characteristics
								are not precluded from use.
RBERY:
Thermal recovery of Beryllium.
RCGAS:
Recovery/reuse of compressed gases including
								techniques such as reprocessing of the gases for reuse/resale;
								filtering/adsorption of impurities; remixing for direct reuse or resale; and
								use of the gas as a fuel source.
RCORR:
Recovery of acids or bases utilizing one or more of
								the following recovery technologies: (1) Distillation (for example, thermal
								concentration); (2) ion exchange; (3) resin or solid adsorption; (4) reverse
								osmosis; and/or (5) incineration for the recovery of acid - Note: This does not
								preclude the use of other physical phase separation or concentration techniques
								such as decantation, filtration (including ultrafiltration), and
								centrifugation, when used in conjunction with the above listed recovery
								technologies.
RLEAD:
Thermal recovery of lead in secondary lead
								smelters.
RMERC:
Retorting or roasting in a thermal processing unit
								capable of volatilizing mercury and subsequently condensing the volatilized
								mercury for recovery. The retorting or roasting unit (or facility) must be
								subject to one or more of the following: (a) a National Emissions Standard for
								Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for mercury; (b) a Best Available Control
								Technology (BACT) or a Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER) standard for
								mercury imposed pursuant to a Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)
								permit; or (c) a state permit that establishes emission limitations (within
								meaning of section 302 of the Clean Air Act) for mercury. All wastewater and
								nonwastewater residues derived from this process must then comply with the
								corresponding treatment standards per waste code with consideration of any
								applicable subcategories (for example, High or Low Mercury Subcategories).
RMETL:
Recovery of metals or inorganics utilizing one or
								more of the following direct physical/removal technologies: (1) Ion exchange;
								(2) resin or solid (for example, zeolites) adsorption; (3) reverse osmosis; (4)
								chelation/solvent extraction; (5) freeze crystallization; (6) ultrafiltration
								and/or (7) simple precipitation (for example, crystallization) - Note: This
								does not preclude the use of other physical phase separation or concentration
								techniques such as decantation, filtration (including ultrafiltration), and
								centrifugation, when used in conjunction with the above listed recovery
								technologies.
RORGS:
Recovery of organics utilizing one or more of the
								following technologies: (1) Distillation; (2) thin film evaporation; (3) steam
								stripping; (4) carbon adsorption; (5) critical fluid extraction; (6)
								liquid-liquid extraction; (7) precipitation/crystallization (including freeze
								crystallization); or (8) chemical phase separation techniques (for example,
								addition of acids, bases, demulsifiers, or similar chemicals) - Note: This does
								not preclude the use of other physical phase separation techniques such as a
								decantation, filtration (including ultrafiltration), and centrifugation, when
								used in conjunction with the above listed recovery technologies.
RTHRM:
Thermal recovery of metals or inorganics from
								nonwastewaters in units identified as industrial furnaces according to
								subdivisions a, f, g, k, and l of subsection 45 of section
								33-24-01-04 under the definition
								of "industrial furnaces".
RZINC:
Resmelting in high temperature metal recovery units
								for the purpose of recovery of zinc.
STABL:
Stabilization with the following reagents (or waste
								reagents) or combinations of reagents: (1) Portland cement; or (2)
								lime/pozzolans (for example, fly ash and cement kiln dust) - this does not
								preclude the addition of reagents (for example, iron salts, silicates, and
								clays) designed to enhance the set/cure time and/or compressive strength, or to
								overall reduce the leachability of the metal or inorganic.
SSTRP:
Steam stripping of organics from liquid wastes
								utilizing direct application of steam to the wastes operated such that liquid
								and vapor flow rates, as well as temperature and pressure ranges, have been
								optimized, monitored, and maintained. These operating parameters are dependent
								upon the design parameters of the unit, such as the number of separation stages
								and the internal column design, thus resulting in a condensed extract high in
								organics that must undergo either incineration, reuse as a fuel, or other
								recovery/reuse and an extracted wastewater that must undergo further treatment
								as specified in the standard.
WETOX:
Wet air oxidation performed in units operated such
								that a surrogate compound or indicator parameter has been substantially reduced
								in concentration in the residuals (for example, Total Organic Carbon can often
								be used as an indicator parameter for the oxidation of many organic
								constituents that cannot be directly analyzed in wastewater residues).
WTRRX:
Controlled reaction with water for highly reactive
								inorganic or organic chemicals with precautionary controls for protection of
								workers from potential violent reactions as well as precautionary controls for
								potential emissions of toxic/ignitable levels of gases released during the
								reaction.
Note 1: When a combination of these technologies (for
					 example, a treatment train) is specified as a single treatment standard, the
					 order of application is specified in section
					 33-24-05-282, table 2 by
					 indicating the five letter technology code that must be applied first, then the
					 designation "fb" (an abbreviation for "followed by"), then the five letter
					 technology code for the technology that must be applied next, and so on.
Note 2: When more than one technology (or treatment train)
					 are specified as alternative treatment standards, the five letter technology
					 codes (or the treatment trains) are separated by a semicolon(;) with the last
					 technology preceded by the word "or". This indicates that any one of these BDAT
					 technologies or treatment trains can be used for compliance with the
					 standard.
2. Any person may
				  submit an application to the administrator demonstrating that an alternative
				  treatment method can achieve a measure of performance equivalent to that
				  achieved by methods specified in subsections 1, 3, and 4 for wastes or
				  specified in table 1 of section
				  33-24-05-285 for hazardous debris.
				  The applicant must submit information demonstrating that the applicant's
				  treatment method is in compliance with federal, state, and local requirements
				  and is protective of human health and the environment. On the basis of such
				  information and any other available information, the administrator may approve
				  the use of the alternative treatment method if the administrator finds that the
				  alternative treatment method provides a measure of performance equivalent to
				  that achieved by methods specified in subsections 1, 3, and 4 for wastes or in
				  table 1 of section
				  33-24-05-285 for hazardous debris.
				  Any approval must be stated in writing and may contain such provisions and
				  conditions as the administrator deems appropriate. The person to whom such
				  approval is issued must comply with all limitations contained in such a
				  determination.
3. As an
				  alternative to the otherwise applicable sections
				  33-24-05-280 through
				  33-24-05-289 treatment standards,
				  lab packs are eligible for land disposal provided the following requirements
				  are met:
a. The lab packs comply with the
				  applicable provisions of section
				  33-24-05-185;
b. The lab pack does not contain any of the
				  wastes listed in appendix VIII of 33-24-05;
c. The lab packs are incinerated in
				  accordance with the requirements of sections
				  33-24-05-144 through 33-24-05-159;
				  and
d. Any incinerator residues
				  from lab packs containing D004, D005, D006, D007, D008, D010, and D011 are
				  treated in compliance with the applicable treatment standards specified for
				  such wastes in sections
				  33-24-05-280 through
				  33-24-05-289.