North Dakota Administrative Code › Title 33.1 - Department of Environmental Quality › Article 33.1-24 - Hazardous Waste Management › Chapter 33.1-24-05 - Standards for Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities and for the Management of Specific Hazardous Wastes and Specific Types of Hazardous Waste Management Facilities › LAND DISPOSAL RESTRICTIONS › Section 33.1-24-05-282 - Treatment standards expressed as specified technologies

Current through Supplement No. 393, July, 2024
NOTE: For the requirements previously found in this section
					 in Table 2 - Technology-Based Standards By Resource Conservation Recovery Act
					 Waste Code, and Table 3 - Technology-Based Standards for Specific Radioactive
					 Hazardous Mixed Waste, refer to section
					 33.1-24-05-280.
1. The following wastes in the table in
				  section 33.1-24-05-280 "Treatment
				  Standards for Hazardous Wastes", for which standards are expressed as a
				  treatment method rather than a concentration level, must be treated using the
				  technology or technologies specified in the table entitled "Technology Codes
				  and Description of Technology-Based Standards" in this section.
Table 1. Technology Codes and Description of
					 Technology-Based Standards
Technology Code
Description of
							 Technology-Based Standards
ADGAS:
Venting of compressed gases into an absorbing or
							 reacting media (for example, solid or liquid) venting can be accomplished
							 through physical release utilizing valves/piping, physical penetration of the
							 container, and/or penetration through detonation.
AMLGM:
Amalgamation of liquid, elemental mercury contaminated
							 with radioactive materials utilizing inorganic reagents, such as copper, zinc,
							 nickel, gold, and sulfur that result in a nonliquid, semi-solid amalgam and
							 thereby reducing potential emissions of elemental mercury vapors to the
							 air.
BIODG:
Biodegradation of organics or nonmetallic inorganics
							 (for example, degradable inorganics that contain the elements of phosphorus,
							 nitrogen, and sulfur) in units operated under either aerobic or anaerobic
							 conditions such that a surrogate compound or indicator parameter has been
							 substantially reduced in concentration in the residuals (for example, total
							 organic carbon can often be used as an indicator parameter for the
							 biodegradation of many organic constituents that cannot be directly analyzed in
							 wastewater residues).
CARBN:
Carbon adsorption (granulated or powdered) of
							 nonmetallic inorganics, organo-metallics, and/or organic constituents, operated
							 such that a surrogate compound or indicator parameter has not undergone
							 breakthrough (for example, total organic carbon can often be used as an
							 indicator parameter for the adsorption of many organic constituents that cannot
							 be directly analyzed in wastewater residues). Breakthrough occurs when the
							 carbon has become saturated with the constituent (or indicator parameter) and
							 substantial change in adsorption rate associated with that constituent
							 occurs.
CHOXD:
Chemical or electrolytic oxidation utilizing the
								following oxidation reagents (or waste reagents) or combinations of
								reagents:
(1) hypochlorite (e.g. bleach);
(2) chlorine;
(3) chlorine dioxide;
(4) ozone or UV-assisted ozone;
(5) peroxides;
(6) persulfates;
(7) perchlorates;
(8) permangantes; and/or
(9) other oxidizing reagents of equivalent
								efficiency, performed in units operated such that a surrogate compound or
								indicator parameter has been substantially reduced in concentration in the
								residuals (for example, total organic carbon can often be used as an indicator
								parameter for the oxidation of many organic constituents that cannot be
								directly analyzed in wastewater residues). Chemical oxidation specifically
								includes what is commonly referred to as alkaline chlorination.
CHRED:
Chemical reduction utilizing the following reducing
								reagents (or waste reagents) or combinations of reagents:
(1) sulfur dioxide;
(2) sodium, potassium, or alkali salts or sulfites,
								bisulfites, metabisulfites, and polyethylene glycols (for example, NaPEG and
								KPEG);
(3) sodium hydrosulfide;
(4) ferrous salts; and/or
(5) other reducing reagents of equivalent
								efficiency, performed in units operated such that a surrogate compound or
								indicator parameter has been substantially reduced in concentration in the
								residuals (for example, total organic halogens can often be used as an
								indicator parameter for the reduction of many halogenated organic constituents
								that cannot be directly analyzed in wastewater residues). Chemical reduction is
								commonly used for the reduction of hexavalent chromium to the trivalent
								state.
CMBST:
High temperature organic destruction technologies,
							 such as combustion in incinerators, boilers, or industrial furnaces operated in
							 accordance with the applicable requirements of sections
							 33.1-24-05-144 through
							 33.1-24-05-159, sections
							 33.1-24-05-525 through
							 33.1-24-05-549, or subsection 5
							 of section
							 33.1-24-06-16, and in other
							 units operated in accordance with applicable technical operating requirements;
							 and certain noncombustive technologies, such as the catalytic extraction
							 process.
DEACT:
Deactivation to remove the hazardous characteristics
							 of a waste due to its ignitability, corrosivity, and/or reactivity.
FSUBS:
Fuel substitution in units operated in accordance with
							 applicable technical operating requirements.
HLVIT:
Vitrification of high level mixed radioactive wastes
							 in units in compliance with all applicable radioactive protection requirements
							 under control of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
IMERC:
Incineration of wastes containing organics and mercury
							 in units operated in accordance with the technical operating requirements of
							 sections
							 33.1-24-05-144 through
							 33.1-24-05-159. All wastewater
							 and nonwastewater residues derived from this process must then comply with the
							 corresponding treatment standards per waste code with consideration of any
							 applicable subcategories (for example, high or low mercury subcategories).
INCIN:
Incineration in units operated in accordance with the
							 technical operating requirements of sections
							 33.1-24-05-144 through
							 33.1-24-05-159.
LLEXT:
Liquid-liquid extraction (often referred to as solvent
							 extraction) of organics from liquid wastes into an immiscible solvent for which
							 the hazardous constituents have a greater solvent affinity, resulting in an
							 extract high in organics that must undergo either incineration, reuse as a
							 fuel, or other recovery/reuse and a raffinate (extracted liquid waste)
							 proportionately low in organics that must undergo further treatment as
							 specified in the standard.
MACRO:
Macroencapsulation with surface coating materials such
							 as polymeric organics (e.g. resins and plastics) or with a jacket of inert
							 inorganic materials to substantially reduce surface exposure to potential
							 leaching media. Macroencapsulation specifically does not include any material
							 that would be classified as a tank or container according to section
							 33.1-24-01-04.
NEUTR:
Neutralization with the following reagents (or
								waste reagents) or combinations of reagents:
(1) acids;
(2) bases; or
(3) water (including wastewaters) resulting in a pH
								greater than 2 but less than 12.5 as measured in the aqueous
								residuals.
NLDBR:
No land disposal based on recycling.
POLYM:
Formation of complex high-molecular weight solids
							 through polymerization of monomers in high-total organic carbon D001
							 nonwastewaters which are chemical components in the manufacture of
							 plastics.
PRECP:
Chemical precipitation of metals and other
								inorganics as insoluble precipitates of oxides, hydroxides, carbonates,
								sulfides, sulfates, chlorides, flourides, or phosphates. The following reagents
								(or waste reagents) are typically used alone or in combination:
(1) lime (for example, containing oxides and/or
								hydroxides of calcium and/or magnesium);
(2) caustic (for example, sodium and/or potassium
								hydroxides);
(3) soda ash (for example, sodium carbonate);
(4) sodium sulfide;
(5) ferric sulfate or ferric chloride;
(6) alum; or
(7) sodium sulfate. Additional flocculating,
								coagulation, or similar reagents/processes that enhance sludge dewatering
								characteristics are not precluded from use.
RBERY:
Thermal recovery of Beryllium.
RCGAS:
Recovery/reuse of compressed gases, including
							 techniques such as reprocessing of the gases for reuse/resale;
							 filtering/adsorption of impurities; remixing for direct reuse or resale; and
							 use of the gas as a fuel source.
RCORR:
Recovery of acids or bases utilizing one or more of
								the following recovery technologies:
(1) distillation (for example, thermal
								concentration);
(2) ion exchange;
(3) resin or solid adsorption;
(4) reverse osmosis; and/or
(5) incineration for the recovery of acid -Note:
								This does not preclude the use of other physical phase separation or
								concentration techniques, such as decantation, filtration (including
								ultrafiltration), and centrifugation, when used in conjunction with the above
								listed recovery technologies.
RLEAD:
Thermal recovery of lead in secondary lead
							 smelters.
RMERC:
Retorting or roasting in a thermal processing unit
								capable of volatilizing mercury and subsequently condensing the volatilized
								mercury for recovery. The retorting or roasting unit (or facility) must be
								subject to one or more of the following:
(a) a National Emissions Standard for Hazardous Air
								Pollutants (NESHAP) for mercury;
(b) a Best Available Control Technology (BACT) or
								a Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER) standard for mercury imposed pursuant
								to a Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) permit; or
(c) a state permit that establishes emission
								limitations (within meaning of section 302 of the Clean Air Act) for mercury.
								All wastewater and nonwastewater residues derived from this process must then
								comply with the corresponding treatment standards per waste code with
								consideration of any applicable subcategories (for example, high or low mercury
								subcategories).
RMETL:
Recovery of metals or inorganics utilizing one or
								more of the following direct physical/removal technologies:
(1) ion exchange;
(2) resin or solid (for example, zeolites)
								adsorption;
(3) reverse osmosis;
(4) chelation/solvent extraction;
(5) freeze crystallization;
(6) ultrafiltration; and/or
(7) simple precipitation (for example,
								crystallization) - Note: This does not preclude the use of other physical phase
								separation or concentration techniques, such as decantation, filtration
								(including ultrafiltration), and centrifugation, when used in conjunction with
								the above listed recovery technologies.
RORGS:
Recovery of organics utilizing one or more of the
								following technologies:
(1) Distillation;
(2) thin film evaporation;
(3) steam stripping;
(4) carbon adsorption;
(5) critical fluid extraction;
(6) liquid-liquid extraction;
(7) precipitation/crystallization (including
								freeze crystallization); or
(8) chemical phase separation techniques (for
								example, addition of acids, bases, demulsifiers, or similar chemicals) - Note:
								This does not preclude the use of other physical phase separation techniques,
								such as a decantation, filtration (including ultrafiltration), and
								centrifugation, when used in conjunction with the above listed recovery
								technologies.
RTHRM:
Thermal recovery of metals or inorganics from
							 nonwastewaters in units identified as industrial furnaces according to
							 subdivisions a, f, g, k, and l of subsection 45 of section
							 33.1-24-01-04 under the
							 definition of "industrial furnaces".
RZINC:
Resmelting in high temperature metal recovery units
							 for the purpose of recovery of zinc.
STABL:
Stabilization with the following reagents (or waste
								reagents) or combinations of reagents:
(1) Portland cement; or
(2) lime/pozzolans (for example, fly ash and
								cement kiln dust) - This does not preclude the addition of reagents (for
								example, iron salts, silicates, and clays) designed to enhance the set/cure
								time and/or compressive strength, or to overall reduce the leachability of the
								metal or inorganic.
SSTRP:
Steam stripping of organics from liquid wastes
							 utilizing direct application of steam to the wastes operated such that liquid
							 and vapor flow rates, as well as temperature and pressure ranges, have been
							 optimized, monitored, and maintained. These operating parameters are dependent
							 upon the design parameters of the unit, such as the number of separation stages
							 and the internal column design, thus resulting in a condensed extract high in
							 organics that must undergo either incineration, reuse as a fuel, or other
							 recovery/reuse and an extracted wastewater that must undergo further treatment
							 as specified in the standard.
WETOX:
Wet air oxidation performed in units operated such
							 that a surrogate compound or indicator parameter has been substantially reduced
							 in concentration in the residuals (for example, total organic carbon can often
							 be used as an indicator parameter for the oxidation of many organic
							 constituents that cannot be directly analyzed in wastewater residues).
WTRRX:
Controlled reaction with water for highly reactive
							 inorganic or organic chemicals with precautionary controls for protection of
							 workers from potential violent reactions as well as precautionary controls for
							 potential emissions of toxic/ignitable levels of gases released during the
							 reaction.
Note 1: When a combination of these technologies (for
					 example, a treatment train) is specified as a single treatment standard, the
					 order of application is specified in section 33.1-24-05-282, table 2 by
					 indicating the five letter technology code that must be applied first, then the
					 designation "fb" (an abbreviation for "followed by"), then the five letter
					 technology code for the technology that must be applied next, and so on.
Note 2: When more than one technology (or treatment train)
					 are specified as alternative treatment standards, the five letter technology
					 codes (or the treatment trains) are separated by a semicolon(;) with the last
					 technology preceded by the word "or". This indicates that any one of these best
					 demonstrated available technologies or treatment trains can be used for
					 compliance with the standard.
2. Any
				  person may submit an application to the administrator demonstrating that an
				  alternative treatment method can achieve a measure of performance equivalent to
				  that achieved by methods specified in subsections 1, 3, and 4 for wastes or
				  specified in table 1 of section
				  33.1-24-05-285 for hazardous
				  debris. The applicant must submit information demonstrating that the
				  applicant's treatment method is in compliance with federal, state, and local
				  requirements and is protective of human health and the environment. On the
				  basis of such information and any other available information, the
				  administrator may approve the use of the alternative treatment method if the
				  administrator finds that the alternative treatment method provides a measure of
				  performance equivalent to that achieved by methods specified in subsections 1,
				  3, and 4 for wastes or in table 1 of section
				  33.1-24-05-285 for hazardous
				  debris. Any approval must be stated in writing and may contain such provisions
				  and conditions as the administrator deems appropriate. The person to whom such
				  approval is issued must comply with all limitations contained in such a
				  determination.
3. As an alternative
				  to the otherwise applicable sections
				  33.1-24-05-280 through
				  33.1-24-05-289 treatment
				  standards, lab packs are eligible for land disposal provided the following
				  requirements are met:
a. The lab packs comply
				  with the applicable provisions of section
				  33.1-24-05-185;
b. The lab pack does not contain any of the
				  wastes listed in appendix VIII of 33.1-24-05;
c. The lab packs are incinerated in
				  accordance with the requirements of sections
				  33.1-24-05-144 through
				  33.1-24-05-159; and
d. Any incinerator residues from lab packs
				  containing D004, D005, D006, D007, D008, D010, and D011 are treated in
				  compliance with the applicable treatment standards specified for such wastes in
				  sections
				  33.1-24-05-280 through
				  33.1-24-05-289.