New York Codes, Rules and Regulations › Title 10 - DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH › Chapter - APPENDICES › Appendix 16-B

Current through Register Vol. 46, No. 28, July 10, 2024
A1 and A2 Values
				for Radionuclides
I.
Single Radionuclides
1. For a single radionuclide of known identity, the values of A
				1 and A 2 are taken from Table I
				if listed there. The values A 1 and A
				2 in Table I are also applicable for the radionuclides
				contained in ([ALPHA],n) or ([GAMMA],n) neutron sources.
2. For any single radionuclides whose identity is known but
				which is not listed in Table I, the value of A1 and A
				2 are determined according to the following
				procedure:
(a) If the radionuclides emits only one type of radiation, A
				1 is determined according to the following method. For
				radionuclides emitting different kinds of radiation, A 1
				is the most restrictive value of those determined for each kind of radiation.
				However, in either case, A 1 is restricted to a maximum
				of 1000 curies (37 TBq). If a parent nuclide decays into a shorter lived
				daughter with a half-life not greater than 10 days, A 1
				is calculated for both the parent and the daughter, and the more limiting of
				the two values is assigned to the parent nuclide.
(1) For gamma emitters, A 1 is
				determined by the expression:
A1 =9/[GAMMA]
				curies
Where [GAMMA] is the gamma-ray constant, corresponding to the
				dose in roentgens per curie-hour at 1 meter, and the number 9 results from the
				choice of 1 rem per hour at a distance of 3 meters as the reference
				dose-equivalent rate.
(2) For x-ray emitters, A 1 is
				determined by the atomic number of the nuclide:
for Z <= 55, A1 = 1000 Ci (37 TBq);
				and
for Z > 55, A1 = 200 Ci (7.4
				TBq)
where Z is the atomic number of the nuclide.
(3) For beta emitters, A 1 is determined
				by the maximum beta energy (Emax) according to Table II; and
(4) For alpha emitters, A 1 is
				determined by the expression:
A1 = 1000
				A3
where A3 is the value listed in Table
				3;
(b) A 2 is the more restrictive of the
				following two values:
(1) The corresponding A1; and
(2) The value A3 obtained from Table
				3.
3. For any single radionuclide whose identity is unknown, the
				value of A1 is taken to be 2 Ci (74 GBq) and the value
				of A 2 is taken to be 0.0002 Ci (74 MBq). However, if
				the of the atomic number of the radionuclide is known to be less than 32, the
				value of A 1, is taken to be 10 Ci (370 GBq) and the
				value of A 2 is taken to be 0.4 Ci (14.8 GBq).
II.
Mixtures of Radionuclides, Including Radioactive
				Decay Chains
1. For mixed fission products, the activity limit may be
				assumed if a detailed analysis of the mixture is not carried out.
A1 = 10 Ci (370GBq)
A2 = 0.4 Ci (14.8 GBq)
2. A single radioactive decay chain is considered to be a
				single radionuclide when the radionuclides are present in their naturally
				occurring proportions and no daughter nuclide has a half-life either longer
				than 10 days or longer than that of the parent nuclide. The activity to be
				taken into account and the A1 or A
				2 value from Table I to be applied are those
				corresponding to the parent nuclide of that chain. When calculating
				A1 or A 2 values, radiation
				emitted by daughters must be considered. However, in the case of radioactive
				decay chains in which any daughter nuclide has a half-life either longer than
				10 days or greater than that of the parent nuclide, the parent and daughter
				nuclides are considered to be mixtures of different nuclides.
3. In the case of a mixture of different radionuclides, where
				the identity and activity of each radionuclide are known, the permissible
				activity of each radionuclide R1,
				R2. . . R n is such that
				F1 + F2 + . . . F
				n is not greater than unity, where:
F1 =Total activity of
				R1/A1(R1)
F2 =Total activity of
				R2/A1(R2)
Fn =Total activity of
				Rn
				/A1(Rn)and
A1 (R1,
				R2. . . R n) is the value of
				A1 or A 2 as appropriate for the
				nuclide R1, R 2. . .
				Rn.
4. When the identity of each radionuclide is known but the
				individual activities of some of the radionuclides are not known the formula
				given in paragraph 3 is applied to establish the values of
				A1 or A 2 as appropriate. All the
				radionuclides whose individual activities are not known (their total activity
				will, however, be known) are classed in a single group and the most restrictive
				value of A1 and A 2 applicable to
				any one of them is used as the value of A 1 or
				A2 in the denominator of the fraction.
5. Where the identity of each radionuclide is known but the
				individual activity of none of the radionuclides is known, the most restrictive
				value of A1 or A 2 applicable to
				any one of the radionuclides present is adopted as the applicable value.
6. When the identity of of none of the nuclides is known, the
				value of A1 is taken to be 2 Ci (74 GBq) and the value
				of A 2 is taken to be 0.002 Ci (74 MBq). However, if
				alpha emitters are known, to be absent, the value of A
				2, is taken to be 0.4 Ci (14.8 GBq).
Table 1
A1 and A 2
				Values for Radionuclides (See footnotes at end of Table)
Symbol of Radionuclide
Element and Atomic number
A1(Ci)
A2(Ci)
Specific Activity (Ci/g)
Ac-227
Actinium (89)
1000
0.003
7.2 E+01
AC-228
10
2.2 E+06
Ag-105
Silver (47)
40
40
3.0 E+07
Ag-110m
7
7
4.7 E+03
Ag-111
100
20
1.5 E+05
Am-241
Americium (95)
8
0.008
3.2
Am-243
8
0.008
1.9 E-01
Ar-37 (compressed or
Argon (18)
1000
1000
1.0 E+05
uncompressed)*
Ar-41 (uncompressed)*
20
20
4.3 E+07
Ar-41 (compressed)*
1
1
4.3 E+07
As-73
Arsenic (33)
1000
400
2.4 E+04
As-74
20
20
1.0 E+05
As-76
10
10
1.6 E+06
As-77
300
20
1.1 E+06
At-211
Astatine (85)
200
7
2.1 E+06
Au-193
Gold (79)
200
200
9.3 E+05
Au-196
30
30
1.2 E+05
Au-198
40
20
2.5 E+05
Au-199
200
25
2.1 E+05
Ba-131
Barium (56)
40
40
8.7 E+04
Ba-133
40
40
4.0 E+03
Ba-140
20
20
7.3 E+04
Be-7
Beryllium (4)
300
300
3.5 E+05
Bi-206
Bismuth (83)
5
5
9.9 E+04
Bi-207
10
10
2.2 E+02
Bi-210 (RaE)
100
4
1.2 E+05
Bi-212
6
6
1.5 E+07
Bk-249
Berkelium (97)
1000
1
1.8 E+03
Br-77
Bromine (35)
70
25
7.1 E+03
Br-82
6
6
1.1 E+06
C-11
Carbon (6)
20
20
8.4 E+08
C-14
1000
60
4.6
Ca-45
Calcium (20)
1000
25
1.9 E+04
Ca-47
20
20
5.9 E+05
Cd-109
Cadmium (48)
1000
70
2.6 E+03
Cd-115m
30
30
2.6 E+04
Cd-115
80
20
5.1 E+05
Ce-139
Cerium (58)
100
100
6.5 E+03
Ce-141
300
25
2.8 E+04
Ce-143
60
20
6.6 E+05
Ce-144
10
7
3.2 E+03
Cf-249
Californium (98)
2
0.002
3.1
Cf-250
7
0.007
1.3 E+02
Cf-252
2
0.009
6.5 E+02
Cl-36
Chlorine (17)
300
10
3.2 E-02
Cl-38
10
10
1.3 E+08
Cm-242
Curium (96)
200
0.2
3.3 E+03
Cm-243
9
0.009
4.2 E+01
Cm-244
10
0.01
8.2 E+01
Cm-245
6
0.006
1.0 E-01
Cm-246
6
0.006
3.6 E-01
Co-56
Cobalt (27)
5
5
3.0 E+04
Co-57
90
90
8.5 E+03
Co-58m
1000
1000
5.9 E+06
Co-58
20
20
3.1 E+05
Co-60
7
7
1.1 E+03
Cr-51
Chromium (24)
600
600
9.2 E+04
Cs-129
Cesium (55)
40
40
7.6 E+05
Cs-131
1000
1000
1.1 E+05
Cs-134m
1000
10
7.4 E+06
Cs-134
10
10
1.2 E+03
Cs-135
1000
25
8.8 E-04
Cs-136
7
7
7.4 E+04
Cs-137
30
10
9.8 E+01
Cu-64
Copper (29)
80
25
3.8 E+06
Cu-67
200
25
7.9 E+05
Dy-165
Dysprosium (66)
100
20
8.2 E+06
Dy-166
1000
200
2.3 E+05
Er-169
Erbium (68)
1000
25
8.2 E+04
Er-171
50
20
2.4 E+06
Eu-152m
Europium (63)
30
30
2.2 E+06
Eu-152
20
10
1.9 E+02
Eu-154
10
5
1.5 E+02
Eu-155
400
60
1.4 E+03
F-18
Fluorine (9)
20
20
9.3 E+07
Fe-52
Iron (26)
5
5
7.3 E+06
Fe-55
1000
1000
2.2 E+03
Fe-59
10
10
4.9 E+04
Ga-67
Gallium (31)
100
100
6.0 E+03
Ga-68
20
20
4.0 E+07
Ga-72
7
7
3.1 E+06
Gd-153
Gadolinium (64)
200
100
3.6 E+03
Gd-159
300
20
1.1 E+06
Ge-68
Germanium (32)
20
10
7.0 E+03
Ge-71
1000
1000
1.6 E+05
H-3
Hydrogen (1)
see Tritium
Hf-181
Hafnium (72)
30
25
1.6 E+04
Hg-197m
Mercury (80)
200
200
6.6 E+05
Hg-197
200
200
2.5 E+05
Hg-203
80
25
1.4 E+04
Ho-166
Holmium(67)
30
30
6.9 E+05
I-123
Iodine (53)
50
50
6.9 E+04
I-125
1000
70
1.7 E+04
I-126
40
10
7.8 E+04
I-129
1000
2
1.6 E-04
I-131
40
1
1.2 E+05
I-132
7
7
1.1 E+07
I-133
30
10
1.1 E+06
I-134
8
8
2.7 E+07
I-135
10
10
3.5 E+06
In-111
Indium (49)
30
25
4.2 E+05
In-113m
60
60
1.6 E+07
In-114m
30
20
2.3 E+04
In-115m
100
20
6.1 E+06
Ir-190
Iridium (77)
10
10
6.2 E+04
Ir-192
20
10
9.1 E+03
Ir-194
10
10
8.5 E+05
K-42
Potassium (19)
10
10
6.0 E+06
K-43
20
10
3.3 E+06
Kr-85m (uncompressed)*
Krypton (36)
100
100
8.4 E+06
Kr-85m (compressed)*
3
3
8.4 E+06
Kr-85 (uncompressed)*
1000
1000
4.0 E+02
Kr-85 (compressed)*
5
5
4.0 E+02
Kr-87 (uncompressed)*
20
20
2.8 E+07
Kr-87 (compressed)*
0.6
0.6
2.8 E+07
La-140
Lanthanum (57)
30
30
5.6 E+05
Lu-177
Lutetium (71)
300
25
1.1 E+05
MFP
Mixed Fission Products
10
0.4
---
Mg-28
Magnesium (12)
6
6
5.2 E+06
Mn-52
Manganese (25)
5
5
4.4 E+05
Mn-54
20
20
8.3 E+03
Mn-56
5
5
2.2 E+07
Mo-99
Molybdenum (42)
100
20
4.7 E+05
N-13
Nitrogen (7)
20
10
1.5 E+09
Na-22
Sodium (11)
8
8
6.3 E+03
Na-24
5
5
8.7 E+06
Nb-93m
Niobium (41)
1000
200
4.1 E+02
Nb-95
20
20
3.9 E+04
Nb-97
20
20
2.6 E+07
Nd-147
Neodymium (60)
100
20
8.0 E+04
Nd-149
30
20
1.1 E+07
Ni-59
Nickel (28)
1000
900
8.1 E-02
Ni-63
1000
100
4.6 E+01
Ni-65
10
10
1.9 E+07
Np-237
Neptunium (93)
5
0.005
6.9 E-04
Np-239
200
25
2.3 E+05
Os-185
Osmium (76)
20
20
7.3 E+03
Os-191
600
200
4.6 E+04
Os-191m
200
200
1.2 E+06
Os-193
100
20
5.3 E+05
P-32
Phosphorus (15)
30
30
2.9 E+05
Pa-230
Protactinium (91
20
0.8
3.2 E+04
Pa-231
2
0.002
4.5 E-02
Pa-233
100
100
2.1 E+04
Pb-201
Lead (82)
20
20
1.7 E???
Pb-210
100
0.2
8.8 E+01
Pb-212
6
5
1.4 E+06
Pd-103
Palladium (46)
1000
700
7.5 E+04
Pd-109
100
20
2.1 E+06
Pm-147
Promethium (61)
1000
25
9.4 E+02
Pm-149
100
20
4.2 E+05
Po-210
Polonium (84)
200
0.2
4.5 E+03
Pr-142
Praseodymium (59
10
10
1.2 E+06
Pr-143
300
20
6.6 E+04
Pt-191
Platinum (78)
100
100
2.3 E+05
Pt-193m
200
200
2.0 E+05
Pt-197m
300
20
1.2 E+07
Pt-197
300
20
8.8 E+05
Pu-238
Plutonium (94)
3
0.003
1.7 E+01
Pu-239
2
0.002
6.2 E-02
Pu-240
2
0.002
2.3 E-01
Pu-241
1000
0.1
1.1 E+02
Pu-242
3
0.003
3.9 E-03
Ra-223
Radium (88)
50
0.2
5.0 E+04
Ra-224
6
0.5
1.6 E+05
Ra-226
10
0.05
1.0
Ra-228
10
0.05
2.3 E+02
Rb-81
Rubidium (37)
30
24
8.2 E+04
Rb-86
30
30
8.1 E+04
Rb-87
Unlimited
Unlimited
6.6 E-08
Rb (natural)
Unlimited
Unlimited
1.8 E-08
Re-186
Rhenium (75)
100
20
1.9 E+05
Re-187
Unlimited
Unlimited
3.8 E-08
Re (natural)
Unlimited
Unlimited
2.4 E-08
Rh-103m
Rhodium (45)
1000
1000
3.2 E+07
Rh-105
200
25
8.2 E+05
Rn-222
Radon (86)
2
1.5 E+05
Ru-97
Ruthenium (44)
80
80
5.5 E+05
Ru-103
30
25
3.2 E+04
Ru-105
20
20
6.6 E+06
Ru-106
10
7
3.4 E+03
S-35
Sulphur (16)
1000
60
4.3 E+04
Sb-122
Antimony (51)
30
30
3.9 E+05
Sb-124
5
5
1.8 E+04
Sb-125
40
25
1.4 E+03
Sc-46
Scandium (21)
8
8
3.4 E+04
Sc-47
200
20
8.2 E+05
Sc-48
5
5
1.5 E+06
Se-75
Selenium (34)
40
40
1.4 E+04
Si-31
Silicon (14)
100
20
3.9 E+07
Sm-147
Samarium (62)
Unlimited
Unlimited
2.0 E-08
Sm-151
1000
90
2.6 E+01
Sm-153
300
20
4.4 E+05
Sn-113
Tin (50)
60
60
1.0 E+04
Sn-119M
100
100
4.4 E+03
Sn-125
10
10
1.1 E+05
Sr-85m
Strontium (38)
80
80
3.2 E+07
Sr-85
30
30
2.4 E+04
Sr-89
100
10
2.9 E+04
Sr-90
10
0.4
1.5 E+02
Sr-91
10
10
3.6 E+06
Sr-92
10
10
1.3 E+07
T (uncompressed)*
Tritium (1)
1000
1000
9.7 E+03
T (compressed)*
1000
1000
9.7 E+03
T (activated luminous paint)
1000
1000
9.7 E+03
T (adsorbed on solid carrier)
1000
1000
9.7 E+03
T (tritiated water)
1000
1000
9.7 E+03
T (other forms)
20
20
9.7 E+03
Ta-182
Tantalum (73)
20
20
6.2 E+03
Tb-182
Terbium (65)
20
10
1.1 E+05
Tc-96m
Technetium (43)
1000
1000
3.8 E+07
Tc-96
6
6
3.2 E+05
Tc-97m
1000
200
1.5 E+04
Tc-97
1000
400
1.4 E+04
Tc-99m
100
100
5.2 E+06
Tc-99
1000
25
1.7 E-02
Te-125m
Tellurium (52)
1000
100
1.8 E+04
Te-127m
300
20
4.0 E+04
Te-127
300
20
2.6 E+06
Te-129m
30
10
2.5 E+04
Te-129
100
20
2.0 E+07
Te-131m
10
10
8.0 E+05
Te-132
7
7
3.1 E+05
Th-227
Thorium (90)
200
0.2
3.2 E+04
Th-228
6
0.008
8.3 E+02
Th-230
3
0.003
1.9 E-02
Th-231
1000
25
5.3 E+05
Th-232
Unlimited
Unlimited
1.1 E-07
Th-234
10
10
2.3 E+04
Th (natural)
Unlimited
Unlimited
2.2 E-07
Th (irradiated)**
---
---
---
Tl-200
Thallium (81)
20
20
5.8 E+05
Tl-201
200
200
2.2 E+05
Tl-202
40
40
5.4 E+04
Tl-204
300
10
4.3 E+02
Tm-170
Thulium (69)
300
10
6.0 E+03
Tm-171
1000
100
1.1 E+03
U-230
Uranium (92)
100
0.1
2.7 E+04
U-232
U-232
0.03
2.1 E+01
U-233
100
0.1
9.5 E-03
U-234
100
0.1
6.2 E-03
U-235
100
0.2
2.1 E-06
U-236
200
0.2
6.3 E-05
U-238
Unlimited
Unlimited
3.3 E-07
U (natural)
Unlimited
Unlimited
(see Table 4)
U (enriched) < 20%
Unlimited
Unlimited
(see Table 4)
U (enriched) 20% or greater
Unlimited
Unlimited
(see Table 4)
U (depleted)
Unlimited
(see Table
IV)
U (irradiated)***
---
---
---
V-48
Vanadium (23)
6
6
1.7 E+05
W-181
Tungsten (74)
200
100
5.0 E+03
W-185
1000
25
9.7 E+03
W-187
40
20
7.0 E+05
Xe-127 (uncompressed)*
Xenon (54)
70
70
2.8 E+04
Xe-127 (compressed)*
5
5
2.8 E+04
Xe-131m (compressed)*
10
10
1.0 E+05
Xe-131m
100
100
1.0 E+05
Xe-133 (uncompressed)*
1000
1000
1.9 E+05
Xe-133 (compressed)*
5
5
1.9 E+05
Xe-135 (uncompressed)*
70
70
2.5 E+06
Xe-135 (compressed)*
2
2
2.5 E+06
Y-87
Yttrium (39)
20
20
4.5 E+05
Y-90
10
10
5.4 E+05
Y-91m
30
30
4.1 E+07
Y-91
30
30
2.5 E+04
Y-92
10
10
9.5 E+06
Y-93
10
10
3.2 E+06
Yb-169
Ytterbium (70)
80
80
2.3 E+05
Yb-175
400
25
1.8 E+05
Zn-65
Zinc (30)
30
30
8.0 E+03
Zn-69m
40
20
3.3 E+06
Zn-69
300
20
5.3 E+07
Zr-93
Zirconium (40)
1000
200
3.5 E-03
Zr-95
20
20
2.1 E+04
Zr-97
20
20
2.0 E+06
* For the purpose of Table 1, compressed gas means a gas at a
				pressure which exceeds the ambient atmospheric pressure at the location where
				the containment system was closed.
** The values of A1 and A
				2 must be calculated in accordance with the procedure
				specified in Appendix 16-B, paragraph, II 3., taking into account the activity
				of the fission products and of the uranium-233 in addition to that of the
				thorium.
*** The values of A1 and A
				2 must be calculated in accordance with the procedure
				specified in Appendix 16-B, paragraph II 3., taking into account the activity
				of the fission products and plutonium isotopes in addition to that of the
				uranium.
Table 2
Relationship Between A1 and E max
				for Beta Emitters
E max (MeV)
A1(Ci)
< 0.5
1000
0.5 - < 1.0
300
1.0 - < 1.5
100
1.5 - < 2.0
30
>
2.0
10
Table 3
Relationship Between A 3 and the
				Atomic Number of the Radionuclide
A3
Atomic Number
Half-life less than 1000 days
Half-life 1000 days to
						  104 years
Half-life greater than
						  104 years
1 to 81
3 Ci
0.05 Ci
3 Ci
82 and above
0.002 Ci
0.002 Ci
3 Ci
Table 4
Activity-Mass Relationships for
				Uranium/Thorium
Thorium and Uranium
							 Enrichment* wt % U-235 present
Specific
							 Activity
Ci/g
g/Ci
0.45
5.0 X 10-7
2.0 X 106
0.72 (natural)
7.06 X 10-7
1.42 X 106
1.0
7.6 X 10-7
1.3 X 106
1.5
1.0 X 10-6
1.0 X 106
5.0
2.7 X 10-6
3.7 X 105
10.0
4.8 X 10-6
2.1 X 105
20.0
1.0 X 10-5
1.0 X 105
35.0
2.0 X 10-5
5.0 X 104
50.0
2.5 X 10-5
4.0 X 104
90.0
5.8 X 10-6
1.7 X 104
93.0
7.0 X 10-6
1.4 X 104
95.0
9.1 X 10-6
1.1 X 104
Natural Thorium
2.2 X 10-7
4.6 X 106
* The figures for uranium include representative values for the
				activity of the uranium-234 which is concentrated during the enrichment
				process. The activity for thorium includes the equilibrium concentration of
				thorium-228.
Footnotes
* For the purpose of Table 1, compressed gas means a gas at a
				pressure which exceeds the ambient atmospheric pressure at the location where
				the containment system was closed.
** The values of A1 and A
				2 must be calculated in accordance with the procedure
				specified in Appendix 16-B, paragraph, II 3., taking into account the activity
				of the fission products and of the uranium-233 in addition to that of the
				thorium.
*** The values of A1 and A
				2 must be calculated in accordance with the procedure
				specified in Appendix 16-B, paragraph II 3., taking into account the activity
				of the fission products and plutonium isotopes in addition to that of the
				uranium.