Nebraska Administrative Code › Topic - EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF › Title 92 - NEBRASKA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION › Chapter 92 - REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE MINIMUM EQUIPMENT STANDARDS AND SAFETY INSPECTION CRITERIA FOR PUPIL TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES › Appendix H - MINIMUM INSPECTION CRITERIA FOR SCHOOL BUSES

Current through June 17, 2024
When working on or around a vehicle, the following general
				  precautions should be observed at all times:
A. Park the vehicle on a level surface, apply the parking
				  brakes and always block the wheels.
B. Always wear safety glasses and other appropriate safety
				  gear.
C. Stop the engine and remove ignition key when working under
				  or around the vehicle.
D. When working in the engine compartment, the engine should
				  be shut off and the ignition key should be removed. Where circumstances require
				  that the engine be in operation,
EXTREME CAUTION
should be used to
				  prevent personal injury resulting from contact with moving, rotating, leaking,
				  heated or electrically charged components.
BODY EXTERIOR
A. Visually inspect the body exterior to ensure that there is
				  not any panel, rub rail or trim that is loose, torn, dislocated or protruding
				  from the surface of the bus that would create a hazard.
B. All engine, battery or other doors must be securely
				  mounted and properly installed.
BODY INTERIOR
Aisle
A. Visually inspect the aisle to ensure that all aisles,
				  including aisle (or passageway between seats) leading to emergency door are a
				  minimum of 12 inches.
B. Visually inspect to ensure that there are no obstructions
				  in an aisle that would prevent passengers from egress to emergency
				  exits.
C. On school buses with a side emergency door, check that
				  aisle space from center aisle to side of emergency door is 12 inches by
				  measuring between the vertical line of the seat back and the face of the next
				  seat cushion or bottom of a flip seat.
D. On buses equipped with flip up seats, inspect to ensure
				  the seat cushion rises to a vertical position automatically when not occupied.
Door, Entrance
Visually inspect and operate entrance door and inspect door
				  to properly open and close without any obstruction of movement. Inspect
				  manually operated door to make sure door will maintain an open and closed
				  position. Door shall not have any locking device except for interlock systems.
				  On power-operated entrance doors, the emergency release valve, switch or device
				  to release the entrance door must be placed above or to the immediate left or
				  immediate right of the entrance door and must be clearly labeled.
Floor
Visually inspect floor covering, aisle and cove molding
				  strips for condition and adhesion. Check fastening holes for cracks, and check
				  condition of rubber in aisle to ensure that there are no unsealed holes or
				  cracks through the underside of the bus and that there is no damage to the
				  coverings which could cause a trip or slip hazard.
Handrail
Handrail must be securely mounted and all OEM hardware
				  present. Perform the NHTSA
Nut and String Test
as described
				  and illustrated below.
Nut and String
				  Test
Click here to
				  view
The Handrail Inspection Tool and
				  Procedure
The inspection tool is inexpensive and the procedure for
				  detecting potentially fatal handrail designs is quite simple. The inspection
				  tool is a standard ½ inch hex nut measuring ¾ inch across the
				  flats. This nut is tied to 1/8 inch thick cotton cord measuring 36 inches in
				  length with overhand knots. The drawstring should have a minimum length of 30
				  inches, when tied to the nut and attached so that a pull of at least 10 pounds
				  does not separate the nut from or break the drawstring.
Steps to conduct a handrail inspection
				  are:
* Stand on the ground outside of the bus;
* Drop the inspection tool between the handrail and step well
				  wall, simulating the typical way students exit the bus;
* Draw the inspection tool through the handrail in a smooth,
				  continuous slow motion; and
* Repeat this procedure several times (minimum of three
				  times).
Note:
It is important to drop the inspection
				  tool over the handrail in such a way as to simulate a child exiting the bus.
				  This is a drop-and-drag test. Do not create a snagging situation by placing the
				  nut in an area that would not be exposed to a drawstring or other
				  articles.
Inspection Results
Take the bus out of service and repair it if the inspection
				  tool catches or snags anywhere on the handrail. If the nut separates from the
				  drawstring or the drawstring breaks, reassemble the tool and retest. If the
				  inspection tool pulls freely without catching or snagging, the bus should not
				  be rejected.
Panels
Visually inspect all interior sidewall, rear, ceiling and
				  driver's area paneling for secure fastening, projections or sharp edges and
				  general condition.
Seat(s) and Barrier(s)
A. Visually inspect all seats and barriers to ensure that all
				  are securely mounted and not loose or broken.
B. All seats shall be forward-facing and securely fastened to
				  the bus body. Passenger seat cushions shall be fastened to prevent the cushions
				  from disengaging from the seat frames in the event of an accident. There shall
				  be a minimum space of 24 inches between the forward surface of a seat back and
				  the rear surface of the seat or barrier ahead measured across the seat cushion
				  without depressing any surface. The forward surface may have side bolsters that
				  briefly reduce the width to less than 24 inches provided the remainder of the
				  seat measures at least 24 inches.
C. Seats and barriers should appear symmetrical.
				  Seats/barriers that do not appear symmetrical should be physically inspected to
				  ensure seat covering and/or padding is not significantly compromised and
				  complies with FMVSS 571.222.
Seat, Driver
A. Visually inspect driver's seat to ensure that it is
				  securely fastened to the vehicle.
B. Visually inspect the driver's seat for its ability to
				  maintain the adjusted position. Inspect driver's restraining device (seat belt)
				  for fraying, attaching hardware and the capacity of the seat belt for
				  maintaining the driver in the seated position.
Stepwell
Visually inspect the stepwell for the condition of support
				  structure to ensure structural stability. Inspect stepwell treads to ensure
				  proper securing and adhesion to stepwell. Visually inspect step treads for any
				  excessive worn areas that may pose a tripping or slip hazard.
BRAKE SYSTEMS
Air System
A. With full system air pressure, depress the brake pedal and
				  inspect each wheel end brake to determine if effective braking forces are
				  applied to each wheel end brake. There should be no audible air loss at supply
				  lines, fittings, valves or brake chambers.
B. With full system pressure, make a single full service
				  brake application with the parking brake and ignition off. Note the gauges and
				  listen for air leaks. Release the service brake.
C. If an air leak is detected at any point in the inspection
				  process, the inspector should check the vehicle's air loss rate following these
				  procedures:
1. Set engine at idle and release brakes;
2. Reduce air pressure in reservoir to 80 psi;
3. Make a full brake application with governor cut-in;
				  and
4. Check air pressure gauge after initial application for air
				  loss. Air pressure should be maintained or increase. A drop in pressure
				  indicates a serious air leak in the brake system.
Air Brakes Measurement
The following procedure is based on the applied stroke method
				  for measuring the movement of the brake chamber push rod:
A. Release the spring brakes and visually check each brake to
				  ensure that it is in the normal released position.
B. With the brakes released, make a mark where the pushrod
				  exits the brake chamber.
C. With the engine off, make a series of brake applications
				  to reduce the reservoir pressure to between 90 to 100 psi.
D. Apply and hold a full brake application (90 to 100
				  psi).
E. Measure the distance between the mark and the face of the
				  brake chamber. The difference between measurements is called the chamber
				  applied stroke.
Note:
Any brake that is beyond the re-adjustment
				  limit will require repairs and/or adjustment. (See Table 1:
Brake
				  Adjustment Specifications
below.)
Table 1: Brake Adjustment
				  Specifications
Brake adjustment: Shall be less than those specifications
				  contained herein relating to "Brake Adjustment Limit."
(Dimensions are in inches.)
CLAMP TYPE BRAKE CHAMBER DATA
Type
Outside Diameter
Brake Adjustment Limit
6
4 ½
1.25
9
5 ¼
1.375
12
5 11/16
1.375
16
6 3/8
1.75
20
6 25/32
1.75
24
7 7/32
1.75
30
8 3/32
2
36
9
2.25
"LONG STROKE" CLAMP TYPE BRAKE CHAMBER
								DATA
Type
Outside Diameter
Brake Adjustment Limit
12
5 11/16
1.75
16
6 3/8
2.0
20 (2 ½" Rated Stroke)
6 25/32
2.0
20 (3" Rated Stroke)
6 25/32
2.5
24 (2 ½" Rated Stroke)
7 7/32
2.0
24+ (3" Rated Stroke)
7 7/32
2.5
30
8 3/32
2.5
DD-3 Brake Chamber Data
Type
Outside Diameter
Brake Adjustment Limit
30
8 1/8
2.25
Note:
This chamber has three air lines
								and found on motorcoaches.
Wedge Brake Data
The combined movement of both brake shoe lining
								scribe marks shall not exceed 1/8 inch ( 3.18mm).
Brake Shoe/Pad/Lining
A. Visually inspect all brake linings/shoes/pads. Linings may
				  be checked through inspection slots. All shoes/pads/linings shall comply with
				  the applicable standards.
B. The brake lining/pad thickness shall not be less than 3/16
				  inch at the shoe center for a shoe with a continuous strip of lining, less than
				  ¼ inch at the shoe center for a shoe with two pads, or worn to the wear
				  indicator if the lining is so marked, for air drum brakes.
C. The brake lining/pad thickness shall not be less than 1/8
				  inch for air disc brakes, or 1/16 inch or less for hydraulic disc
				  brakes.
D. Visually inspect the brake lining/pad to ensure that it is
				  firmly attached to the shoe, is not cracked or broken, and that the friction
				  surface is not saturated with oil, grease, or brake fluid.
E. Visually inspect all brake components mounting hardware
				  for any loose, cracked, broken or missing items. This inspection should be
				  performed with the brakes released and with the brakes applied. It may be
				  necessary to remove inspection access covers, brake dust covers or, in some
				  instances, pull wheels and drums to accomplish the inspection.
Chamber Size
Visually inspect all brake chambers to ensure they are
				  properly marked, in good operating condition, have no visible damage, and are
				  properly matched. Chambers must be matched by size, type and stroke.
Drums/Rotors
A. Visually inspect all brake drums/rotors for any external
				  cracks that open when brakes are applied. (Do not confuse short hairline
				  internal check cracks with flexural cracks.)
B. Inspect for any portion of the drum/rotor missing or in
				  danger of falling away.
Note:
It may be necessary to remove inspection
				  access covers, brake dust covers or, in some instances, pull wheels and drums
				  to accomplish the inspection.
Hoses and Tubing
A. Carefully perform a visual inspection of all system hoses,
				  lines, and tubing.
B. Inspect all hoses, lines, and tubing for any audible leak
				  (if air), or visible leak (if hydraulic), any bulging/swelling when the system
				  is pressurized, any hose, line, or tubing is cracked, broken or crimped in such
				  a manner as to restrict flow, any hose abraded (chafed) through outer cover to
				  fabric layer or any line/tubing, and for proper securement and support.
Hydraulic Brakes Measurement
A. With the brake pedal in the full upright position, the
				  inspector shall measure the distance between the brake pedal and the floor or
				  firewall. With the engine running, a single firm brake application shall be
				  made and the distance between the brake pedal and the floor or firewall shall
				  be measured a second time. The difference shall be recorded.
B. With vehicle stopped and engine running, depress brake
				  pedal. The system must be able to maintain brake pedal height under moderate
				  foot force (40-60 pounds) for one minute without pumping. With vehicle in
				  stopped position and brake pedal depressed under moderate foot force (40-60
				  pounds) there should be a minimum of 1/3 of the total available pedal travel
				  (manufacturer's specification) remaining on nonpowered systems.
Hydraulic Brake System
A. With the engine off, turn the ignition switch to the "on"
				  position and check the instrument panel for visible and audible warning signals
				  to indicate system malfunction. If bus is equipped with vacuum assist, it shall
				  have a visible warning signal and gauge to indicate any loss of vacuum. Audible
				  signals must be loud enough to be heard over engine noise.
B. Visually inspect the master cylinder to determine if it is
				  below the minimum fill requirements, is leaking, is loose or improperly
				  mounted.
C. Visually inspect the hydraulic fluid reservoir level in
				  the master cylinder unit. Inspect for any fluid leaks on wheel
				  cylinders/calipers, master cylinders, hose connection and hydrovac and on buses
				  using vacuum-assisted brakes. Check for brake fluid around the brake booster
				  between the booster and firewall.
Parking Brake
A. With the engine operating and the park brakes set, place
				  the transmission in both forward and reverse gears to determine if brakes will
				  hold vehicle stationary.
B. Visually and physically check condition of parking brake
				  system and parking brake warning light.
Pedal Reserve
A. With the brake pedal in the full upright position, the
				  inspector shall measure the distance between the brake pedal and the floor or
				  firewall. With the engine running, a single firm brake application shall be
				  made and the distance between the brake pedal and the floor or firewall shall
				  be measured a second time. The difference shall be recorded.
B. With vehicle stopped and engine running, depress brake
				  pedal. The system must be able to maintain brake pedal height under moderate
				  foot force (40-60 pounds) for one minute without pumping. With vehicle in
				  stopped position and brake pedal depressed under moderate foot force (40-60
				  pounds) there should be a minimum of 1/3 of the total available pedal travel
				  (manufacturer's specification) remaining on nonpowered systems.
Power Assist Unit
A. Electric/Hydraulic Assist: With engine off, depress the
				  brake pedal. The electric/hydraulic brake assist motor must operate.
B. Hydrovac Assist: With engine off, the driver shall pump
				  the brakes to exhaust all reserve. Hold firm pressure on the brake pedal and
				  start the engine. The pedal should fall slightly. Failure of the pedal to fall
				  slightly indicates a malfunction of the power assist unit.
C. Hydro-boost: After 2-3 brake applications with the engine
				  off, start the vehicle while maintaining pressure on the brake pedal. The pedal
				  should push briefly, and then fall as the power assist engages.
Slack Adjuster Length
Measure from the center of the S-cam to the center of the
				  push rod clevis pin. All slack adjusters on a single axle shall be of the same
				  type and length.
DIFFERENTIAL
The Inspector shall visually inspect the differential and
				  differential housing for cracks and leaks. Careful attention shall be made to
				  the areas of mounting attaching hardware and wheel end areas. Housing vent
				  shall be inspected to ensure that it is not clogged and is functional by
				  twisting the vent cap by hand.
DRIVESHAFT
A. Visually and physically inspect each segment of the
				  driveshaft and associated hardware. Inspect for bends, cracks, missing weights
				  or debris entangled in the shaft. Each shaft more than 18 inches long shall be
				  equipped with a suitable guard to prevent an accident or injury in the event of
				  its fracture or disconnection. The inspector shall check to ensure that the
				  driveshaft guards are not loose, bent or missing.
B. Visually and physically inspect each universal joint and
				  center bearing. The universal joint(s) and center bearing(s) shall not be loose
				  or worn and shall have all attaching hardware securely fastened. The inspector
				  shall check for lateral and vertical movement of the universal joints and
				  center bearing by grasping the universal joint and attempting to move the joint
				  laterally and vertically. Inspector shall inspect universal joints for
				  substandard or welded repairs.
C. Visually inspect driveshaft for proper phasing. (See
				  illustration.)
Click here to
				  view
ELECTRICAL/BATTERY
Battery
A. Visually and physically inspect that the battery(ies)
				  is(are) securely mounted and no signs of leaking, or excessive
				  corrosion.
B. Crank engine to ensure adequate battery capacity to start
				  engine.
Cables
A. Visually inspect all electrical cabling and wiring for
				  chafed, frayed, damaged or burnt insulation.
B. Visually and physically inspect for corroded or loose
				  connections at the battery terminals. Inspect for unsuitable insulation to
				  electrical cabling.
C. Inspect for missing or damaged protective grommets
				  insulating all electrical cables through metal compartment panels. All
				  electrical cabling passing through a metal surface shall pass through an
				  insulated grommet as to provide adequate protection against chaffing and
				  shorting.
D. Visually and physically inspect for any broken or
				  unsecured mounting of electrical components.
E. Visually and physically inspect electrical cabling for
				  securement, routing or any unsecured wiring that may cause chafing or frayed
				  conditions.
Windshield Wipers
Operate wiper and washer system. The wiping system should be
				  power-driven with at least two speeds and should be able to clean the area of
				  the windshield within the wiping pattern. Wipers should operate with a minimum
				  of 45 cycles per minute.
EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
A. Visually inspect that the fire extinguisher is readily
				  accessible to the driver and passengers, that it is fully charged of proper
				  type and size, is properly secured and has a working pressure gauge.
B. Visually inspect any other state-required equipment such
				  as first aid kits, body fluid kits, webbing cutters and emergency reflectors
				  and ensure that these items are fully stocked, functional and properly secured.
EMERGENCY EXITS
A. Visually inspect all emergency exits.
1. Operate all emergency exits. Exits must open freely and
				  completely.
2. Door prop rods must operate freely and hold door or exit
				  in open position without obstructing exit.
3. There shall be no padlocks or any other locking devices on
				  exits except interlocking systems.
B. Visually inspect all exits to ensure they are clearly
				  labeled and marked on both the inside and outside of the bus.
C. Ensure that all exits have an audible device to alert the
				  driver of an open exit door or window.
Note:
FMVSS 571.217 defines the number of exits
				  for each type of bus.
ENGINE
A. Visually inspect engine and surrounding components for
				  evidence of fluid leaks and loose or damaged components. Inspector shall start
				  engine. While engine is operating, inspector shall visually and audibly monitor
				  engine for proper operation, leaks and unusual noises of engine or
				  components.
B. Inspect cooling fan per manufacturer's
				  recommendations.
C. Visually and physically inspect all drive belts for proper
				  alignment and tension per manufacturer's recommendations. All belts shall be
				  free of cracking, frays, fluid, glazing and excessive wear. Inspect
				  belt-tensioner per manufacturer's recommendations.
D. Visually inspect all hydraulic, coolant, fuel and
				  pneumatic hoses for damage, proper routing, proper type and proper securement.
				  Hoses shall be routed in such a way as to avoid contact with exhaust, rotating
				  or moving engine components or sharp edges. Hoses shall not be cracked,
				  leaking, swollen or chaffed.
EXHAUST SYSTEM
A. Visually and audibly inspect the complete exhaust system
				  including muffler, diesel particulate filter (DPF) and diesel oxidation
				  catalyst (DOC) for leaks, restrictions and damage and to ensure that exhaust is
				  not discharging directly below the driver or passenger compartment. All exhaust
				  emission control devices shall be installed and operating per the
				  manufacturer's recommendations.
B. Inspect for the presence and condition of heat shielding
				  over and around all piping, and components where specified by vehicle
				  manufacturer.
C. Visually and physically inspect all exhaust system
				  mounting hardware for loose, missing or damaged components and that it is
				  securely attached. Inspect to ensure that all clamps are in place and
				  secure.
D. Visually inspect exhaust system for indications of, and
				  areas likely to result in, burning, charring or damaging the electrical wiring,
				  the fuel supply or any combustible part of the vehicle.
FUEL SYSTEM
A. Visually inspect all parts of the fuel tank, fuel tank
				  cage and fuel system to include lines, hoses, filters, fill cap and fittings
				  for indications of damage or leaks.
B. Visually and physically inspect fuel lines and hoses for
				  proper securement, routing and missing or loose clamps that may cause chafing
				  or come in contact with electrical components.
LAMPS/SIGNALS
A. Visually inspect all lamps, such as brakes, turn signals,
				  tail, head (low beam), overhead warning lights (amber and red), hazard warning
				  and stop arm lights to ensure proper visibility and operation. Turn signals
				  should flash at a rate of 60 to 120 times per minute.
B. Inspect that the horn functions and is audible from
				  approximately 200 feet away.
C. Inspect the crossing control device, if equipped, for
				  proper operation (e.g., that it extends and retracts as designed).
MIRRORS
Visually inspect all mirrors to identify any mirror that is
				  damaged, clouded or otherwise has an obscured area. All mirrors should hold a
				  set adjustment. All mirrors should be directed to view the intended area for
				  which they are designed.
STEERING SYSTEM
Ball and Socket Joints
A. With the bus on the ground, the inspector shall examine
				  the ball joint nut stud for movement while the steering wheel is being rocked
				  in a back-and-forth action. The inspector shall examine the ball/socket joint
				  for weld repairs.
B. Check for lateral and vertical movement by grasping the
				  tie rod and drag link sockets attempting to laterally and vertically move the
				  ball joint. (Rotational movement will not be considered.) Any motion other than
				  rotational, greater than 1/8 inch that can be detected by movement with two
				  hands with moderate strength in any connecting joint is a defect.
Front Axle Beam
Visually examine the front axle beam for any obvious bend or
				  twist, any cracks, or any welded repair.
Hoses/Fluids
Visually examine the power steering fluid reservoir for
				  proper fluid level. With the system operating, inspect all system components,
				  hoses and fittings for leaks.
Nuts
Visually examine all tie rods, pitman arm, drag link,
				  steering arm and tie rod arm for looseness and missing fasteners.
Pitman Arm
A. While the steering wheel is being rotated in a
				  back-and-forth motion; visually inspect the pitman arm and output shaft
				  connection for looseness at the output shaft joint.
B. The pitman arm shall also be inspected for damage, cracks
				  or welded repairs.
Power Steering
A. The inspector shall manually manipulate the auxiliary
				  power assist cylinder to check for looseness. The inspector shall start the bus
				  and rotate the steering wheel in a back-and-forth action to ensure the power
				  steering pump is operable.
B. With the engine stopped inspect the system drive belt(s)
				  for any fraying, cracks or fluid saturation. Check belt tension. On units
				  equipped with automatic tensioner ensure that tensioner moves freely.
C. Inspect the fluid reservoir while at operating temperature
				  to ensure that the fluid level is not below add mark. Inspect for signs of
				  fluid leakage.
Steering
A. Visually inspect for any modification or other condition
				  that interferes with free movement of any steering component. Turn steering
				  wheel through a full right and left turn and feel for binding or jamming
				  conditions. Both front wheels must be capable of being turned to full right or
				  full left without binding or interference.
B. Inspect turn stops by observing for shiny spots and/or
				  signs of wear due to contact with other vehicle components on the sides of
				  tires, drag links, pitman arm, shock absorbers or brake lines.
Steering Column/Wheel
A. Inspect steering column for any looseness in bolts,
				  clamps, positioning parts or universal joints. Inspect flexible coupling in
				  steering column (if the vehicle is so equipped) for excessive misalignment and
				  tightness of clamp bolt or nut.
B. The steering column and components shall also be inspected
				  for damage, cracks or welded repairs. Inspect steering wheel to ensure that it
				  is properly positioned and secured.
C. Place steering axle wheels in a straight ahead position
				  have an assistant turn the steering wheel until movement is observed at the
				  left road wheel and measure the steering wheel movement from starting position
				  to wheel movement position. Compare this measurement to the applicable listing
				  in Table 2:
Steering Wheel Free Play
, below.
Table 2: Steering Wheel Free
				  Play
Steering Wheel Free Play: Steering wheel free play shall not
				  exceed the requirements listed in the following chart:
Steering Wheel Diameter
Manual System Movement 30
Power System Movement 45
16" (41cm)
2" ( 5.1cm)
4 ½" ( 11.5cm)
18" (46cm)
2 ¼ " ( 5.4cm)
4 ¾" (12cm)
20" (51cm)
2 ½" ( 6.4cm
5 ¼" ( 13.5cm)
22" (56cm)
2 ¾" (7cm)
5 ¾" ( 14.5cm)
Steering Gear Box
A. Visually examine the steering gear box for any loose,
				  damaged or missing mounting bolts. Inspect for cracks in the gear box, mounting
				  brackets or any obvious welded repairs.
B. While having an assistant rock the steering wheel
				  back-and-forth; visually inspect the steering shaft and gear box for any
				  looseness where the steering gear box is mounted to the frame. Visually inspect
				  steering shaft coupler for cracks, damage or looseness.
C. With the engine operating inspect for excessive fluid
				  and/or oil leak (observable movement of fluid).
Tie Rods/Drag Links
A. While having an assistant to rock the steering wheel
				  back-and-forth, visually inspect the tie rod ends, crossbar, and drag links for
				  any looseness at the steering linkage pivot points.
B. Check for lateral and vertical movement by grasping the
				  tie rod and drag link sockets attempting to laterally and vertically move the
				  ball joint (rotational movement will not be considered). Any motion, other than
				  rotational, greater than 1/8 inch that can be detected by movement with two
				  hands with moderate strength in any connecting joint is a defect.
C. Check crossbar for structural damage and crossbar clamps
				  for secure mounting.
SUSPENSION COMPONENTS
Axle Parts/Members
A. Visually and physically inspect all front and rear axle
				  components. Inspect all U-bolts and other suspension to axle mounting hardware
				  for cracks, breaks, looseness or improper type.
B. Inspect axle, axle housing, spring hanger(s), shackles or
				  other axle components for alignment, cracks, breaks and loose or missing items
				  that could result in shifting of an axle from its normal position.
C. Inspect front axle beam for signs of improper repair
				  (e.g., welding or heating).
D. Inspect for any worn (beyond manufacturer specifications)
				  or improperly assembled U-bolt, shock, kingpin, ball joint, strut, air spring
				  or positioning components.
E. Inspect all leaf spring hangers, hanger assemblies or
				  portions of leaf for broken, separated, sagging, bent, abnormally worn (beyond
				  manufacturer specifications), shifted or missing components.
F. Inspect pins and bushings for wear, off-center spring eye,
				  rubbing shackle or nonsymmetric joints. Inspect for any broken, weak or damaged
				  coil spring and mounting assemblies.
G. Visually and physically inspect all hydraulic shock
				  absorbers for leaks, looseness, damage or missing components.
H. Inspect air suspension (if equipped). Observe that the
				  vehicle is lifting level. With the air system fully charged, inspect for any
				  audible or visual air leakage at the air spring assembly, supply hoses and
				  connections.
Caution:
Inspector should use caution whenever
				  underneath the vehicle. There may not be sufficient room underneath the vehicle
				  should a problem occur with the air suspension system.
Bumpers
Visually inspect front and rear bumpers for missing attaching
				  hardware or broken hardware. Ensure bumpers are properly mounted and secure and
				  that there is no point protruding beyond the confines of the vehicle so as to
				  create a hazard.
Chassis/Frame/Unibody
A. Visually inspect frame for cracks, loose attaching
				  hardware, sagging, broken, or unapproved welds to frame side rail or
				  flange.
B. Visually and physically inspect for body hold-down
				  components for damage that would permit the shifting of the body.
C. Inspect for cracked, loose, bent, broken or unapproved
				  welds to frame member that affect support of functional components (e.g.,
				  steering gear, engine, transmission, body parts or suspension). Welding to
				  frame should be performed only by manufacturer or designee.
Note
: Inspect for any crack 1 ½ inch or
				  longer in the frame side rail web which is directed toward bottom flange or any
				  crack extending from the frame side rail web around the radius and into the
				  bottom flange.
Crossmembers
A. Visually and physically inspect all crossmembers,
				  attaching hardware and other structural supports for cracks or deformations.
				  Visually inspect for three or more adjacent cross members that are missing,
				  broken, damaged or loose.
B. Inspect any area of the floor that is sagging, weak or
				  damaged due to broken, damaged or loose crossmembers.
Outriggers/Body Supports
Visually inspect all outriggers and attaching hardware for
				  cracks, missing bolts and damage.
TIRES/WHEELS/HUBS
Hub & Assemblies
A. Visually inspect kingpin and wheel bearing assemblies for
				  looseness, damage, missing or loose fasteners. This shall include locking pins,
				  draw keys, caps and bearings.
B. Physically inspect kingpin and bearing assemblies for play
				  as follows: with the tire raised off the ground, grasp tire at top and attempt
				  to move the wheel assembly in and out. If movement is present, inspector can
				  help to identify the source by following this procedure:
Have an assistant fully apply brakes while rechecking play.
				  If movement disappears with brakes applied, then play is in the wheel bearings.
				  If movement remains, it is most likely in the kingpin area. Assembly shall not
				  have excessive kingpin play that exceeds .250 inch measured at outside edge of
				  tire or wheel bearing movement that exceeds .010 inch measured at bearing
				  hub.
C. Visually inspect A-frames and bushings on Type A vehicles.
				  Inspect bushings for wear, cracking, splitting, or severe extrusion from
				  suspension parts.
D. For vehicles equipped with "wet hubs" or oil bath hubs the
				  inspector should visually check the site glass for lubricant level.
Tire Inflation
A. Visually inspect that tires are properly inflated and do
				  not have noticeable leaks. (See 393.76(h)(1),(2).) If pressure is questionable,
				  inspector shall use a tire pressure gauge to verify pressure.
B. Visually inspect valve stem for damage and presence of
				  valve cap.
Tire Sidewall
Inspector shall inspect tire sidewall for cuts, wear and any
				  observable bumps or bulges.
Tire Tread Depth
A. Visually inspect for any front tire worn to less than 4/32
				  inch.
B. Visually inspect for any rear tire worn to less than 2/32
				  inch.
C. If a visual inspection cannot determine that the tire
				  meets the minimum depth requirement, the inspector shall use a commercial tire
				  depth gauge to verify tread depth.
Tire Type
A. Visually inspect the steer axle (front) to ensure that no
				  recapped, re-grooved tires are present.
B. Visually inspect tires for improper wear patterns. (See
				  Tire Wear Chart below.)
C. Check proper type (i.e., load range, size, mismatched on
				  axle).
Over Inflation:
Excessive wear at the center of
				  the tread indicates that the air pressure in the tire is consistently too high.
				  The tire is riding on the center of the tread and wearing it prematurely. Many
				  times, this visual method of inflation (inflating the tires up until there is
				  no bulge at the bottom) is at fault; tire inflation pressure should always be
				  checked with a reliable tire pressure gauge.
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				  view
Under Inflation:
This type of wear usually
				  results from consistent under inflation. When a tire is under inflated, there
				  is too much contact with the road by the outer treads, which wear prematurely.
				  Tire pressure should be checked with a reliable pressure gauge. When this type
				  of wear occurs, and the tire pressure is known to be consistently correct, a
				  bent or worn steering component or the need for wheel alignment could be
				  indicated. Bent steering or idler arms cause incorrect toe-in and abnormal
				  handling characteristics on turns.
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				  view
Feathering:
Feathering is a condition when the
				  edge of each tread rib develops a slightly rounded edge on one side and a sharp
				  edge on the other. By running your hand over the tire, you can usually feel the
				  sharper edges before you'll be able to see them. The most common cause of
				  feathering is incorrect toe-in setting, which can be cured by having it set
				  correctly. Occasionally toe-in will be set correctly and this wear pattern
				  still occurs.
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				  view
Side Wear:
When an inner or outer rib wears
				  faster than the rest of the tire, the need for alignment is indicated. There is
				  excessive camber in the front suspension, causing the wheel to lean too much to
				  the inside or outside and putting too much load on one side of the tire.
				  Misalignment could be due to sagging springs, worn ball joints, worn control
				  arm bushings or worn kingpin bushings.
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				  view
Cupping:
Cups or scalloped dips appearing around
				  the edge of the tread on one side or the other, almost always indicate worn
				  (sometimes bent) suspension parts. Adjustment of wheel alignment alone will
				  seldom cure the problem. Any worn component that connects the wheel assembly to
				  the vehicle (ball joint, kingpins, wheel bearing, shock absorber, springs,
				  bushings, etc.) can cause this condition. Occasionally, wheels that are out of
				  balance will wear like this, but wheel imbalance usually shows up as bald spots
				  between the outside edges and center of the tread.
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				  view
Wheels/Rims/Spiders
A. Inspector shall inspect all nuts, bolts, studs, lugs and
				  holes for damage. Visually inspect for broken, damaged, missing or loose
				  fasteners. Rust around fasteners or on rim surface is sometimes an indication
				  of cracked or loose mounting hardware.
B. Visually inspect rim for, cracks, welds or broken
				  components. Visually inspect for any lock or slide ring that is broken,
				  cracked, improperly seated, sprung or has mismatched rings.
WHEELCHAIR LIFT-EQUIPPED
				  VEHICLES
A. Visually inspect and operate wheelchair lift to ensure
				  proper function as designed. Inspect for any leaks that would hinder the
				  operation of the lift.
B. Inspect all safety systems of the wheelchair lift (e.g.,
				  hand rails, ramp stops, etc.) and ensure that they are functioning as designed
				  and in compliance with FMVSS 403 and 404.
C. Ensure that all pinch points are protected from seated
				  passengers.
D. Visually inspect all wheelchair and occupant securement
				  devices to ensure none are missing or broken and that straps are not
				  frayed.
E. Inspect that all components for each wheel chair position
				  are compatible in accordance with manufacturers' specifications.
F. Visually and physically inspect all anchorage points,
				  tracking and fasteners for securement.
WINDOWS
A. Any glass or glazing that is broken through or missing (
				  393.60);
B. Any glass not of approved type [ 393.60(a)];
C. Windshield has discoloration or other damage in that
				  portion extending upward from the height of the topmost portion of the steering
				  wheel, but not including a two-inch border at the top and a one-inch border at
				  each side of the windshield or each panel thereof, except as follows:
1. Color or tint applied by the manufacturer for the
				  reduction of glare;
2. Any crack not over ¼ inch long, if not intersected
				  by any other crack;
3. Any damaged area, that can be covered by a disc ¾
				  inch in diameter, if not closer than three inches to any other such damaged
				  area; or 83
4. Driver's side area window(s) have chips, clouding, or
				  cracks that obscure the driver's vision [ 393.60(c)]; or
D. No operable defrosting and defogging system to clear the
				  driver's windshield ( 571.103).