New Jersey Administrative Code › Title 7 - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION › Chapter 26D - REMEDIATION STANDARDS › Appendix 12

Current through Register Vol. 56, No. 14, July 15, 2024
DERIVATION OF EQUATION EQUIVALENCY USED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOIL AND INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION STANDARDS
This appendix demonstrates the equivalency between the equations used by the Department in the development of the soil and indoor air remediation standards, and the equations used by the USEPA in the development of soil and indoor air risk-based screening levels. This appendix demonstrates the equivalency for the following Department soil and indoor air remediation standard equations:
* N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 2, Equation 1, Residential Carcinogenic Ingestion-Dermal Human Healthbased Criterion Equation;
* N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 2, Equation 2, Residential Noncarcinogenic Ingestion-Dermal Human Healthbased Criterion Equation;
* N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 2, Equation 3, Nonresidential Carcinogenic Ingestion-Dermal Human Healthbased Criterion Equation;
* N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 2, Equation 4, Nonresidential Noncarcinogenic Ingestion-Dermal Human Health-based Criterion Equation;
* N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 3, Equation 1, Carcinogenic Inhalation Human Health-based Criterion Equation;
* N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 3, Equation 2, Noncarcinogenic Inhalation Human Health-based Criterion Equation;
* N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 5, Equation 1, Carcinogenic Indoor Air Human Health-based Criterion Equation; and
* N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 5, Equation 2, Noncarcinogenic Indoor Air Human Health-based Criterion Equation.
* N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 2, Equation 1-Residential Carcinogenic Ingestion-Dermal Human Health-Based Criterion Equation
The origin of the Department residential soil remediation standard for the ingestion-dermal exposure pathway for a carcinogen is based upon the USEPA, Regional Screening Levels, Equations (November 2018) (RSLE):
Click here to view image
This is the equation used by the USEPA to develop soil contaminant screening levels where the human health risks from the ingestion exposure pathway, the dermal exposure pathway, and the inhalation exposure pathway are combined. However, the soil remediation standards the Department developed only combine the ingestion and dermal exposure pathways and address the inhalation exposure pathway separately. Consequently, the Department modified the USEPA equation listed above by deleting the inhalation related screening level term:
Click here to view image
The resulting modified equation represents not the total of the ingestion, dermal, and inhalation exposure components, but just the ingestion and dermal aspects, which is designated:
Click here to view image
The RSLE states that:
Click here to view image
and
Click here to view image
The above two equations include the units for the listed input parameters. Deleting the units simplify the two equations to:
Click here to view image
And
Click here to view image
Because
Click here to view image
the second equation further simplifies to:
Click here to view image
Starting with the Department-modified base USEPA equation, as described above:
Click here to view image
1. Insert the simplified equations for SLres-soil-ca-ing and SLres-soil-ca-der described above into the denominator of the SLres-soil-ca-ing-derm equation, which then becomes:
Click here to view image
2. Simplify the reciprocal (in the denominator of the equation immediately above) containing the equivalent expression of SLres-soil-ca-ing by multiplying it by the term:
Click here to view image
This is the same as multiplying the reciprocal of the expression by 1.
3. Similarly, simplify the reciprocal containing the equivalent expression of SLres-soil-ca-der by multiplying it by the term:
Click here to view image
Again, this is effectively multiplying by 1.
4. This results in the expression:
Click here to view image
5. After separating the common term
Click here to view image
from both expressions in the denominator, multiply both the numerator and the denominator of the entire equation by the expression:
Click here to view image
Performing steps 1 through 5 above results in the following expression:
Click here to view image
This USEPA terminology (immediately above), which is for a residential land use scenario involving a carcinogenic contaminant, converts to the Department terminology as follows:
USEPA Term
Department Term
USEPA Definition
TR
TR
Target cancer risk
ATres
AT
Averaging time
LT
LT
Lifetime
CSFo
CSFo
Oral cancer slope factor
RBA
None
Relative Bio-availability
IFSres-adj
IFSadj
Age-adjusted soil ingestion rate
CSFd
CSFD
Dermal cancer slope factor
DFSres-adj
DFSadj
Age-adjusted soil dermal contact factor
ABSd
ABSd
Dermal absorption fraction
10-6kg
10-6kg
Unit conversion factor
mg
mg
GIABS
GIABS
Gastro-intestinal absorption fraction
Using the above terminology to translate this equation into Departmental nomenclature, the equation becomes:
Click here to view image
Note that the USEPA term SLres-soil-ca-ing-derm is the equivalent of the Department term IDc. In addition, there is no Department RBA parameter because the value is usually 1. Consequently, an RBA parameter does not appear in the translated equation. The equation presented immediately above is equivalent to the Department equation presented at N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 2 as Equation 1 and verifies its equivalence with equations used by the USEPA.
N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 2, Equation 1 is:
Click here to view image
N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 2, Equation 2-Residential Noncarcinogenic Ingestion-Dermal Human Health-Based Criteria Equation
The origin of the Department residential soil remediation standard for the ingestion-dermal exposure pathway for a noncarcinogen is based upon the USEPA, Regional Screening Levels, Equations (November 2018) (RSLE):
Click here to view image
This is the equation used by the USEPA to develop soil contaminant screening levels where the human health risks from the ingestion exposure pathway, the dermal exposure pathway, and the inhalation exposure pathway are combined. However, the soil remediation standards the Department developed only combine the ingestion and dermal exposure pathways and address the inhalation exposure pathway separately. Consequently, the Department modified the USEPA equation listed above by deleting the inhalation related screening level term:
Click here to view image
The resulting modified equation represents not the total of the ingestion, dermal, and inhalation exposure components, but just the ingestion and dermal aspects, which is designated:
Click here to view image
The Department calculation of the residential noncarcinogenic ingestion-dermal criterion is based on a child exposure scenario. As such, the RSLE states that:
Click here to view image
and
Click here to view image
The above two equations include the units for the listed input parameters. Deleting the units simplify the two equations to:
Click here to view image
and
Click here to view image
Because
Click here to view image
the second equation further simplifies to:
Click here to view image
Starting with the Department-modified base USEPA equation, as described above:
Click here to view image
1. Insert the simplified equations for SLres-soil-nc-ing-c and SLres-soil-nc-der-c described above into the denominator of the SLres-soil-nc-ing-der-c equation, which then becomes:
Click here to view image
2. Simplify the reciprocals in the denominator of the equation immediately above (similar to what was done in the derivation of N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 2, Equation 1 above) using the respective terms:
Click here to view image
and
Click here to view image
Again, this is the same as multiplying each of the reciprocals in the equation denominator by 1.
3. This results in the following:
Click here to view image
4. After separating out the common terms
Click here to view image
and
Click here to view image
from both expressions in the denominator, multiply both the numerator and the denominator of the entire equation by the expression:
Click here to view image
Performing steps 1 through 4 above results in the following expression:
Click here to view image
This USEPA terminology (immediately above), which is for a residential land use scenario involving a noncarcinogenic contaminant, converts to the Department terminology as follows:
USEPA Term
Department Term
USEPA Definition
THQ
THQ
Target hazard quotient
ATres-c
AT
Averaging time
EFres-c
EF
Exposure frequency-child
BWres-c
BW
Body weight - child
EDres-c
ED
Exposure duration - child
RBA
None
Relative Bio-availability
RfDo
RfDo
Oral reference dose
IRS
IR
Soil ingestion rate - child
RfDD
RfDD
Dermal reference dose
SAres-c
SA
Skin surface area - child
AFres-c
AF
Soil adherence factor - child
ABSd
ABSd
Dermal absorption fraction
10-6kg mg
10-6kg mg
Unit conversion factor
GIABS
GIABS
Gastro-intestinal absorption fraction
Using the above terminology to translate this equation into Departmental nomenclature, the equation becomes:
Click here to view image
Note that the USEPA term SLres-soil-nc-ing-der-c is the equivalent of the Department term IDnc. In addition, there is no Department RBA parameter because the value is usually 1. Consequently, an RBA parameter does not appear in the translated equation. The equation presented immediately above is equivalent to the Department equation presented in N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 2 as Equation 2 and verifies its equivalence with equations used by the USEPA.
N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 2, Equation 2 is:
Click here to view image
N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 2, Equation 3-Nonresidential Carcinogenic Ingestion-Dermal Human Health-Based Criteria
The origin of the Department nonresidential soil remediation standard for the ingestion-dermal exposure pathway for a carcinogen is based upon the USEPA, Regional Screening Levels, Equations (November 2018) (RSLE):
Click here to view image
This is the equation used by the USEPA to develop soil contaminant screening levels where the human health risks from the ingestion exposure pathway, the dermal exposure pathway, and the inhalation exposure pathway are combined. However, the soil remediation standards the Department developed only combine the ingestion and dermal exposure pathways and address the inhalation exposure pathway separately. Consequently, the Department modified the USEPA equation listed above by deleting the inhalation related screening level term:
Click here to view image
The resulting modified equation represents not the total of the ingestion, dermal, and inhalation exposure components, but just the ingestion and dermal aspects, which is designated:
Click here to view image
The Department calculation of the nonresidential carcinogenic ingestion-dermal criterion is based on an adult outdoor worker exposure scenario.
As such, the RSLE states:
Click here to view image
and
Click here to view image
The above two equations include the units for the listed input parameters. Deleting the units simplify the two equations to:
Click here to view image
And
Click here to view image
Because
Click here to view image
the second equation further simplifies to:
Click here to view image
Starting with the Department-modified base USEPA equation, as described above:
Click here to view image
1. Insert the simplified equations for SLow-soil-ca-ing and SLow-soil-ca-der described above into the denominator of the SLow-soil-ca-ing-der equation, which then becomes:
Click here to view image
2. Simplify the reciprocals in the equation denominator immediately above (similar to what was done in the derivation of N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 2, Equation 1 above) using the respective terms:
Click here to view image
and
Click here to view image
Again, this is the same as multiplying the reciprocals in the equation denominator by 1.
3. This results in the following:
Click here to view image
4. After separating out the common terms (EFOW x EDOW) and
Click here to view image
from both expressions in the denominator, multiply both the numerator and the denominator of the entire equation by the expression:
Click here to view image
Performing steps 1 through 4 above results in the following expression:
Click here to view image
This USEPA terminology (immediately above), which is for a nonresidential land use scenario involving a carcinogenic contaminant, converts to the Department terminology as follows:
USEPA Term
Department Term
USEPA Definition
TR
TR
Target cancer risk
ATow
AT
Averaging time - outdoor worker
LT
LT
Lifetime
CSFo
CSFo
Oral cancer slope factor
RBA
None
Relative Bio-availability
IRow
IR
Soil ingestion rate-outdoor worker
CSFd
CSFD
Dermal cancer slope factor
AFow
AF
Soil adherence factor-outdoor worker
ABSd
ABSd
Dermal absorption fraction
10-6kg mg
10-6kg mg
Unit conversion factor
GIABS
GIABS
Gastro-intestinal absorption fraction
Using the above terminology to translate this equation into Departmental nomenclature, the equation becomes:
Click here to view image
Note that the USEPA term SLow-soil-ca-ing-der is the equivalent of the Department term IDc. In addition, there is no Department RBA parameter because the value is usually 1. Consequently, an RBA parameter does not appear in the translated equation. The equation presented immediately above is equivalent to the Department equation presented in N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 2 as Equation 3 and verifies its equivalence with equations used by the USEPA.
N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 2, Equation 3 is:
Click here to view image
N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 2, Equation 4--Nonresidential Noncarcinogenic Ingestion-Dermal Human HealthBased Criteria
The origin of the Department nonresidential soil remediation standard for the ingestion-dermal exposure pathway for a noncarcinogen is based upon the USEPA, Regional Screening Levels, Equations (November 2018) (RSLE):
Click here to view image
This is the equation used by the USEPA to develop soil contaminant screening levels where the human health risks from the ingestion exposure pathway, the dermal exposure pathway, and the inhalation exposure pathway are combined. However, the soil remediation standards the Department developed only combine the ingestion and dermal exposure pathways and address the inhalation exposure pathway separately. Consequently, the Department modified the USEPA equation listed above by deleting the inhalation related screening level term:
Click here to view image
The resulting modified equation represents not the total of the ingestion, dermal, and inhalation exposure components, but just the ingestion and dermal aspects, which is designated:
Click here to view image
The Department calculation of the nonresidential noncarcinogenic ingestion-dermal criterion is based on an adult outdoor worker exposure scenario. As such, the RSLE states:
Click here to view image
and
Click here to view image
The above two equations include the units for the listed input parameters. Deleting the units simplify the two equations to:
Click here to view image
and
Click here to view image
Because
Click here to view image
the second equation further simplifies to:
Click here to view image
Starting with the Department-modified base USEPA equation, as described above:
1. Insert the simplified equations for SLow-soil-nc-ing and SLow-soil-nc-der described above into the denominator of the SLow-soil-nc-ing-der equation which then becomes:
Click here to view image
2. Simplify the reciprocals in the equation denominator immediately above (similar to what was done in the derivation of N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 2, Equation 1 above) using the respective terms:
Click here to view image
and
Click here to view image
Again, this is the same as multiplying each of the reciprocals in the equation denominator by 1.
3. This results in the following:
Click here to view image
4. After separating out the common terms
Click here to view image
and
Click here to view image
from both expressions in the denominator, multiply both the numerator and the denominator of the entire equation by the term:
Click here to view image
Performing steps 1 through 4 above results in the following expression:
Click here to view image
This USEPA terminology (immediately above), which is for a nonresidential land use scenario involving a noncarcinogenic contaminant, converts to the Department terminology as follows:
USEPA Term
Department Term
USEPA Definition
THQ
THQ
Target hazard quotient
ATow
T
Averaging time-outdoor worker
EFow
EF
Exposure frequency-outdoor worker
BWow
BW
Body weight-outdoor worker
EDow
ED
Exposure duration-outdoor worker
RBA
None
Relative Bio-availability
RfDo
RfDo
Oral reference dose
IRow
IR
Soil ingestion rate-outdoor worker
RfDD
RfDD
Dermal reference dose
SAow
SA
Skin surface area-outdoor worker
AFow
AF
Soil adherence factor-outdoor worker
ABSd
ABSd
Dermal absorption fraction
10-6kg mg
10-6kg mg
Unit conversion factor
GIABS
GIABS
Gastro-intestinal absorption fraction
Using the above terminology to translate this equation into Departmental nomenclature, the equation becomes:
Click here to view image
Note that the USEPA term SLow-soil-nc-ing-der is the equivalent if the Department term IDnc. In addition, there is no Department RBA parameter because the value is usually 1. Consequently, an RBA parameter does not appear in the translated equation. The equation presented immediately above is equivalent to the Department equation presented at N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 2 as Equation 4 and verifies its equivalence with equations used by the USEPA.
N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 2, Equation 4 is:
Click here to view image
N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 3, Equation 1--Carcinogenic Inhalation Human Health-Based Criteria
The Department addresses both residential and nonresidential land uses in calculating the carcinogenicbased inhalation exposure pathway soil criteria by applying the appropriate exposure assumptions. The equivalency demonstration made here uses the residential land use scenario equation and terminology as the specific example. The same equivalency logic also applies to the nonresidential land use scenario.
The origin of the Department residential soil remediation standard for the inhalation exposure pathway for a carcinogen is based upon the USEPA, Regional Screening Levels, Equations (November 2018) (RSLE):
Click here to view image
This is the equation used by the USEPA to develop soil contaminant screening levels where the human health risks from the ingestion exposure pathway, the dermal exposure pathway, and the inhalation exposure pathway are combined. However, the soil remediation standards the Department developed only combine the ingestion and dermal exposure pathways and address the inhalation exposure pathway separately. Consequently, the Department modified the USEPA equation listed above by isolating the inhalation related screening level term:
Click here to view image
The resulting modified equation represents not the total of the ingestion, dermal, and inhalation exposure components, but just the inhalation aspect, which is designated:
Click here to view image
The RSLE states that:
Click here to view image
The above equation includes the units for the listed input parameters. Deleting the units simplifies the equation to:
Click here to view image
This USEPA terminology, which is for a residential land use scenario involving a carcinogenic contaminant, converts to the Department terminology as follows:
USEPA Term
Department Term
USEPA Definition
TR
TR
Target cancer risk
ATres
AT
Averaging time - residential
LT
LT
Lifetime
IUR
IUR
Inhalation unit risk factor
EFres
EF
Exposure frequency - residential
VFulim
VF
Soil-to-air volatilization factor
PEF
PEF
Particulate emission factor
EDres
ED
Exposure duration - residential
ETres
ET
Exposure time - residential
1000 ug /mg
1000 ug/ mg
Unit conversion factor
1 day/24 hours
1 day/24 hours
Unit conversion factor
Using the above terminology to translate this equation into Departmental nomenclature, the equation becomes:
Click here to view image
As the USEPA term SL res-soil-ca-inh is the equivalent of the Department term Inhc, the equation presented above is equivalent to the Department equation presented at N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 3 as Equation 1 and verifies its equivalence with equations used by the USEPA.
N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 3, Equation 1 is:
Click here to view image
N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 3, Equation 2--Noncarcinogenic Inhalation Human Health-Based Criteria
The Department addresses both residential and nonresidential land uses in calculating the noncarcinogenicbased inhalation exposure pathway soil criteria by applying the appropriate exposure assumptions. The equivalency demonstration made here uses the residential land use scenario equation and terminology as the specific example. The same equivalency logic also applies to the nonresidential land use scenario.
The origin of the Department residential soil remediation standard for the inhalation exposure pathway for a noncarcinogen is based upon the USEPA, Regional Screening Levels, Equations (November 2018) (RSLE):
Click here to view image
This is the equation used by the USEPA to develop soil contaminant screening levels where the human health risks from the ingestion exposure pathway, the dermal exposure pathway, and the inhalation exposure pathway are combined. However, the soil remediation standards the Department developed only combine the ingestion and dermal exposure pathways and address the inhalation exposure pathway separately. Consequently, the Department modified the USEPA equation listed above by isolating the inhalation related screening level term:
Click here to view image
The resulting modified equation represents not the total of the ingestion, dermal, and inhalation exposure components, but just the inhalation aspect, which is designated:
Click here to view image
The RSLE states that:
Click here to view image
The above equation includes the units for the listed input parameters. Deleting the units simplifies the equation to:
Click here to view image
This USEPA terminology, which is for a residential land use scenario involving a noncarcinogenic contaminant, converts to the Department terminology as follows:
USEPA Term
Department Term
USEPA Definition
THQ
THQ
Target hazard quotient
ATres-a
AT
Averaging time-residential adult
EFres-a
EF
Exposure frequency-residential adult
EDres-a
ED
Exposure duration-residential adult
ETres-a
ET
Exposure time - residential adult
RfC
RfC
Reference concentration
VFulim
VF
Soil-to-air volatilization factor
PEF
PEF
Particulate emission factor
1 day/24 hours
1 day/24 hours
Unit conversion factor
Using the above terminology to translate this equation into Departmental nomenclature, the equation becomes:
Click here to view image
As the USEPA term SL res-soil-nc-inh is the equivalent of the Department term Inhnc, the equation presented above is equivalent to the Department equation presented at N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 3 as Equation 2 and verifies its equivalence with equations used by the USEPA.
N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 3, Equation 2 is:
Click here to view image
N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 5, Equation 1--Carcinogenic Indoor Air Human Health-Based Criteria
The Department addresses both residential and nonresidential land uses in calculating the carcinogenic indoor air human health-based criteria by applying the appropriate exposure assumptions. The equivalency demonstration made here uses the residential land use scenario equation and terminology as the specific example. The same equivalency logic also applies to the nonresidential land use scenario.
The origin of the Department residential indoor air remediation standard for the vapor intrusion exposure pathway for a carcinogen is based upon the USEPA, Regional Screening Levels, Equations (November 2018) (RSLE):
Click here to view image
The above equation includes the units for the listed input parameters. Deleting the units simplifies the equation to:
Click here to view image
This USEPA terminology, which is for a residential land use scenario involving a carcinogenic contaminant, converts to the Department terminology as follows:
USEPA Term
Department Term
USEPA Definition
TR
TR
Target cancer risk
ATres
AT
Averaging time - residential
LT
LT
Lifetime
IUR
IUR
Inhalation unit risk factor
EFres
EF
Exposure frequency - residential
EDres
ED
Exposure duration - residential
ETres
ET
Exposure time - residential
1 day/24 hours
1 day/24 hours
Unit conversion factor
Using the above terminology to translate this equation into Departmental nomenclature, the equation becomes:
Click here to view image
As the USEPA term SLres-air-ca is the equivalent of the Department term IAc, the equation presented above is equivalent to the Department equation presented at N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 5 as Equation 1 and verifies its equivalence with equations used by the USEPA.
N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 5, Equation 1 is:
Click here to view image
N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 5, Equation 2--Noncarcinogenic Indoor Air Human Health-Based Criteria
The Department addresses both residential and nonresidential land uses in calculating the noncarcinogenic indoor air human health-based criteria by applying the appropriate exposure assumptions. The equivalency demonstration made here uses the residential land use scenario equation and terminology as the specific example. The same equivalency logic also applies to the nonresidential land use scenario.
The origin of the Department residential indoor air remediation standard for the vapor intrusion exposure pathway for a noncarcinogen is based upon the USEPA, Regional Screening Levels, Equations (November 2018) (RSLE):
Click here to view image
The above equation includes the units for the listed input parameters. Deleting these units simplifies the equation to:
Click here to view image
This USEPA terminology, which is for a residential land use scenario involving a noncarcinogenic contaminant, converts to the Department terminology as follows:
USEPA Term
Department Term
USEPA Definition
THQ
THQ
Target hazard quotient
ATres-a
AT
Averaging time-residential adult
EFres
EF
Exposure frequency-residential adult
EDres
ED
Exposure duration-residential adult
ETres
ET
Exposure time - residential adult
RfC
RfC
Reference concentration
1000 ug/ mg
1000 ug/ mg
Unit conversion factor
1 day/24 hours
1 day/24 hours
Unit conversion factor
Using the above terminology to translate this equation into Departmental nomenclature, the equation becomes:
Click here to view image
As the USEPA term SLres-air-nc is the equivalent of the Department term IAnc, the equation presented above
is equivalent to the equation presented at N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 5 as Equation 2 and verifies its equivalence with equations used by the USEPA.
N.J.A.C. 7:26D Appendix 5, Equation 2 is:
Click here to view image
References
USEPA (2018) Regional Screening Levels (RSLs)--Equations (November 2018)
http://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-equations
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SITE REMEDIATION