Nebraska Administrative Code › Topic - HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES SYSTEM › Title 180 - CONTROL OF RADIATION › Chapter 4 - STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION › Section 180-4-002 - DEFINITIONS

Current through June 17, 2024
The following definitions apply:
002.01
AIR-PURIFYING
  RESPIRATOR.
An air-purifying respirator is a respirator with an
  air-purifying filter, cartridge, or canister that removes specific air
  contaminants by passing ambient air through the air-purifying element.
002.02
ANNUAL LIMIT ON
  INTAKE (ALI).
The annual limit on intake (ALI) is the derived
  limit for the amount of radioactive material taken into the body of an adult
  worker by inhalation or ingestion in a year. Annual limit on intake (ALI) is
  the smaller value of intake of a given radionuclide in a year by the reference
  man that would result in a committed effective dose equivalent of
  0.05 Sievert (Sv) (5 roentgen
  equivalent man (rem)) or a committed dose equivalent of
  0.5 Sv (50 rem) to any individual
  organ or tissue. Annual limit on intake (ALI) values for intake by ingestion
  and by inhalation of selected radionuclides are given in Table I, Columns 1 and
  2, of Appendix 4-B of 180 NAC 4.
002.03
ASSIGNED PROTECTION FACTOR
  (APF).
The assigned protection factor (APF) is the expected
  workplace level of respiratory protection that would be provided by a properly
  functioning respirator or a class of respirators to properly fitted and trained
  users. Operationally, the inhaled concentration can be estimated by dividing
  the ambient airborne concentration by the assigned protection factor
  (APF).
002.04
ATMOSPHERE-SUPPLYING RESPIRATOR.
An
  atmosphere-supplying respirator is a respirator that supplies the respirator
  user with breathing air from a source independent of the ambient atmosphere,
  and includes supplied-air respirators (SARs) and self-contained breathing
  apparatus (SCBA) units.
002.05
CLASS.
Class is the classification scheme for inhaled
  material according to its rate of clearance from the pulmonary region of the
  lung. Materials are classified as D, W, or Y, which applies to a range of
  clearance half-times: for Class D (Days) of less than 10 days, for Class W
  (Weeks) from 10 to 100 days, and for Class Y (Years) of greater than 100 days.
  For purposes of these regulations, "lung class" and "inhalation class" are
  equivalent terms.
002.06
DECLARED PREGNANT WOMAN.
A declared pregnant woman is
  a woman who has voluntarily informed the licensee, in writing, of her pregnancy
  and the estimated date of conception. The declaration remains in effect until
  the declared pregnant woman withdraws the declaration in writing or is no
  longer pregnant.
002.07
DEMAND RESPIRATOR.
A demand respirator is an
  atmosphere-supplying respirator that admits breathing air to the face piece
  only when a negative pressure is created inside the face piece by
  inhalation.
002.08
DERIVED AIR CONCENTRATION (DAC).
The derived air
  concentration (DAC) is the concentration of a given radionuclide in air which,
  if breathed by the reference man for working year of 2,000 hours under
  conditions of light work, (inhalation rate
  1.2 cubic meters of air per hour),
  results in an intake of one annual limit on intake (ALI). Derived air
  concentration (DAC) values are given in Table I, Column 3, of Appendix 4-B of
  180 NAC 4.
002.09
DERIVED AIR CONCENTRATION-HOUR (DAC-HOUR).
A derived
  air concentration-hour (DAC-hour is the product of the concentration of
  radioactive material in air, expressed as a fraction or multiple of the derived
  air concentration for each radionuclide, and the time of exposure to that
  radionuclide, in hours. A licensee or registrant may take 2,000 derived air
  concentration (DAC)-hours to represent one annual limit on intake (ALI),
  equivalent to a committed effective dose equivalent of
  0.05 Sv (5 rem).
002.10
DISPOSABLE
  RESPIRATOR.
A disposable respirator is a respirator for which
  maintenance is not intended and that is designed to be discarded after
  excessive breathing resistance, sorbent exhaustion, physical damage, or
  end-of-service-life renders it unsuitable for use. Examples of this type of
  respirator are a disposable half-mask respirator or a disposable escape-only
  self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
002.11
DOSE OR RADIATION
  DOSE.
Dose or radiation dose is a generic term that means absorbed
  dose, dose equivalent, effective dose equivalent, committed dose equivalent,
  committed effective dose equivalent, or total effective dose equivalent, as
  defined in other paragraphs of this section.
002.12
DOSIMETRY
  PROCESSOR.
A dosimetry processor is an individual or an
  organization that processes and evaluates individual monitoring devices in
  order to determine the radiation dose delivered to the monitoring
  devices.
002.13
FILTERING FACEPIECE.
A filtering facepiece is a
  negative pressure particulate respirator with a filter as an integral part of
  the facepiece or with the entire facepiece composed of the filtering medium,
  not equipped with elastomeric sealing surfaces and adjustable straps. Dust mask
  is another term for filtering facepiece.
002.14
FIT FACTOR.
The fit factor is the quantitative estimate of the fit of a particular
  respirator to a specific individual, and typically estimates the ratio of the
  concentration of a substance in ambient air to its concentration inside the
  respirator when worn.
002.15
FIT TEST.
A fit test is the use of a protocol to
  qualitatively or quantitatively evaluate the fit of a respirator on an
  individual.
002.16
HELMET.
A helmet is a rigid respiratory inlet covering
  that also provides head protection against impact and penetration.
002.17
HOOD.
A hood
  is a respiratory inlet covering that completely covers the head and neck and
  may also cover portions of the shoulders and torso.
002.19
INHALATION
  CLASS.
Inhalation class has the same meaning as class.
002.20
LOOSE-FITTING
  FACEPIECE.
A loose-fitting facepiece is a respiratory inlet
  covering that is designed to form a partial seal with the face.
002.21
LUNG CLASS.
Lung class has the same meaning as class.
002.22
NEGATIVE PRESSURE
  RESPIRATOR.
A negative pressure respirator is a respirator in
  which the air pressure inside the facepiece is negative during inhalation with
  respect to the ambient air pressure outside the respirator. A tight fitting
  respirator is another term for a negative pressure respirator.
002.23
NONSTOCHASTIC
  EFFECT.
A nonstochastic effect is a health effect, the severity of
  which varies with the dose and for which a threshold is believed to exist.
  Radiation-induced cataract formation is a nonstochastic effect. For purposes of
  Title 180, a deterministic effect is an equivalent term.
002.24
PLANNED SPECIAL EXPOSURE.
A planned special exposure is an infrequent exposure to
  radiation, separate from and in addition to the annual occupational dose
  limits.
002.25
POSITIVE
  PRESSURE RESPIRATOR.
A positive pressure respirator is a
  respirator in which the pressure inside the respiratory inlet covering exceeds
  the ambient air pressure outside the respirator.
002.26
POWERED AIR-PURIFYING
  RESPIRATOR (PAPR).
A powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) is an
  air-purifying respirator that uses a blower to force the ambient air through
  air-purifying elements to the inlet covering.
002.27
PRESSURE DEMAND
  RESPIRATOR.
A pressure demand respirator is a positive pressure
  atmosphere-supplying respirator that admits breathing air to the facepiece when
  the positive pressure is reduced inside the facepiece by inhalation.
002.28
QUALITATIVE FIT TEST
  (QLFT).
A qualitative fit test (QLFT) is a pass or fail fit test
  to assess the adequacy of respirator fit that relies on the individual's
  response to the test agent.
002.29
QUANTITATIVE FIT TEST (QNFT).
A quantitative fit test
  (QNFT) is an assessment of the adequacy of respirator fit by numerically
  measuring the amount of leakage into the respirator.
002.29
QUARTER.
A
  quarter is the period of time equal to one-fourth of the year observed by the
  licensee or registrant, approximately 13 consecutive weeks, providing that the
  beginning of the first quarter in a year coincides with the starting date of
  the year and that no day is omitted or duplicated in consecutive
  quarters.
002.30
REFERENCE MAN.
Reference man is the hypothetical
  aggregation of human physical and physiological characteristics determined by
  international consensus. These characteristics may be used by researchers and
  public health workers to standardize results of experiments and to relate
  biological insult to a common base. A description of the reference man is
  contained in the International Commission on Radiological Protection Report,
  ICRP Publication 23, "Report of the Task Group on Reference Man."
002.31
RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE
  EQUIPMENT.
Respiratory protective equipment is an apparatus, such
  as a respirator, used to reduce an individual's intake of airborne radioactive
  materials.
002.32
SANITARY SEWERAGE.
Sanitary sewerage is a system of
  public sewers for carrying off waste water and refuse, but excluding sewage
  treatment facilities, septic tanks, and leach fields owned or operated by the
  licensee.
002.33
SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (SCBA).
Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) is an atmosphere-supplying respirator
  for which the breathing air source is designed to be carried by the
  user.
002.34
STOCHASTIC
  EFFECT.
A stochastic effect is a health effect that occurs
  randomly and for which the probability of the effect occurring, rather than its
  severity, is assumed to be a linear function of dose without threshold.
  Hereditary effects and cancer incidence are stochastic effects.
002.35
SUPPLIED-AIR RESPIRATOR
  (SAR).
A supplied-air respirator (SAR) is an atmosphere-supplying
  respirator for which the source of breathing air is not designed to be carried
  by the user. Airline respirator is another term for a supplied-air
  respirator.
002.36
TIGHT-FITTING FACEPIECE.
A tight-fitting facepiece is
  a respiratory inlet covering that forms a complete seal with the
  face.
002.37
USER SEAL
  CHECK.
A user seal check is an action conducted by the respirator
  user to determine if the respirator is properly seated to the face. Examples
  include negative pressure check, positive pressure check, irritant smoke check,
  or isoamyl acetate check. Fit check is another term for user seal
  check.
002.38
VERY HIGH
  RADIATION AREA.
A very high radiation area is an area accessible
  to individuals, in which radiation levels from radiation sources external to
  the body could result in an individual receiving an absorbed dose in excess of
  5 Gy (500 rad) in 1 hour at 1 meter from a radiation source or 1 meter from any
  surface that the radiation penetrates. Note: For the very high doses received
  at high dose rates, the units of absorbed dose, gray and rad, are appropriate,
  rather than units of dose equivalent, sieverts and rem.
002.39 WEIGHTING FACTOR (W
  T ). The weighting factor (W T )
  for an organ or tissue (T) means the proportion of the risk of stochastic
  effects resulting from irradiation of that organ or tissue to the total risk of
  stochastic effects when the whole body is irradiated uniformly. For calculating
  the effective dose equivalent, the values of W T are:
ORGAN DOSE WEIGHTING FACTORS
Organ or Tissue
w T
Gonads
0.25
Breast
0.15
Red Bone Marrow
0.12
Lung
0.12
Thyroid
0.03
Bone Surfaces
0.03
Remainder
0.30a
Whole Body
1.00b
a
										0.30 results from
	 0.06 for each of 5 "remainder"
	 organs, excluding the skin and the lens of the eye, that receive the highest
	 doses.
b For the purpose of weighting the external
	 whole body dose, for adding it to the internal dose, a single weighting factor,
	 w T =
	 1.0, has been specified. The use of
	 other weighting factors for external exposure will be approved on a
	 case-by-case basis until such time as specific guidance is
	 issued.