reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › X-Rays in the Healing Arts › Section 459.5933 - Electronic brachytherapy devices: Calibration of dosimetry system

Current through June 11, 2024
1. For an electronic brachytherapy system,
				  calibration of the dosimetry system must include the source and energy in use
				  and must use an established protocol such as the TG-21 protocol established by
				  the American Association of Physicists in Medicine.
2. A registrant shall ensure that a dosimetry
				  system is available to take measurements during a quality assurance check. This
				  system may be the same system used for calibrating the electronic brachytherapy
				  system pursuant to NAC 459.5932.
3.
				  A registrant shall keep a record of each calibration, intercomparison and
				  comparison of the dosimetry system for the duration of the registration. The
				  record must include:
(a) The date of the
				  calibration, intercomparison or comparison;
(b) The model number and serial number of the
				  system which was calibrated, intercompared or compared;
(c) The name of the person who performed the
				  calibration, intercomparison or comparison; and
(d) If an intercomparison is performed,
				  evidence that the intercomparison was performed by, or under the direct
				  supervision of, the authorized medical physicist for electronic brachytherapy
				  of record.
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › X-Rays in the Healing Arts › Section 459.5934 - Electronic brachytherapy devices: Spot checks

Current through
				  June 11, 2024
1. A
				  registrant shall ensure that a program is in place to perform spot checks on
				  each electronic brachytherapy system:
(a) At
				  the beginning of each day during which the system will be used;
(b) Each time the system is moved to a new
				  room or site; and
(c) After the
				  installation of an X-ray tube.
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › X-Rays in the Healing Arts › Section 459.5935 - Electronic brachytherapy devices: Requirements for mobile electronic brachytherapy

Current through June 11,
				  2024
A registrant who provides services for mobile
				  electronic brachytherapy shall:
1.
				  Check all survey instruments before medical use at each location of use or on
				  each day of use, whichever is more frequent;
2. Account for the X-ray tube in the system
				  before departing from a location; and
3. Perform all the periodic spot checks
				  required by NAC 459.5934 at each location.
Added to NAC by Bd. of Health by
				  R185-08, eff. 5-7-2010
NRS
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › X-Rays in the Healing Arts › Section 459.5936 - Electronic brachytherapy devices: Acceptance test; comparison of position indicators; evaluation and approval of parameters for treatment

Current through June 11, 2024
1. Where applicable, an authorized medical
				  physicist for electronic brachytherapy shall perform an acceptance test on the
				  treatment planning system of computer systems used for therapy, using a
				  published protocol which is accepted by a nationally recognized body. The
				  acceptance test must verify, as applicable:
(a) The input parameters for a source which
				  are required by the dose-calculation algorithm;
(b) The accuracy of dose, dwell-time and
				  treatment-time calculations at representative points;
(c) The accuracy of isodose plots and graphic
				  displays;
(d) The accuracy of the
				  software used to determine source positions from images; and
(e) If the treatment planning system is
				  different from the treatment delivery system, the accuracy of electronic
				  transfer of the treatment delivery parameters to the treatment delivery unit
				  from the treatment planning system.
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › X-Rays in the Healing Arts › Section 459.5937 - Electronic brachytherapy devices: Quality assurance program

Current through June 11, 2024
1. A facility which uses an electronic
				  brachytherapy system must develop and implement a quality assurance program in
				  compliance with the approval of the system by the United States Food and Drug
				  Administration. The program must be used to minimize deviations from facility
				  procedures and to document preventative measures taken before any serious
				  injury of a patient or medical event involving a therapeutic dose occurred. The
				  program must include, without limitation:
(a)
				  Treatment planning, chart and treatment field parameters;
(b) Patient simulation, verification of
				  catheter placement and device exchange procedures;
(c) Dose calculation and review procedures;
				  and
(d) Reviews of daily treatment
				  records.
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › X-Rays in the Healing Arts › Section 459.594 - X-ray and electron therapy installations: General requirements

Current through June 11, 2024
All of the
				  provisions of NAC 459.740 to 459.752, inclusive, except subsections 3 and 4 of
				  NAC 459.750, apply to medical facilities using medical therapy equipment with
				  energies 1 MeV and above.
Bd. of Health, Radiation Control
				  Reg. § 6.9, eff. 2-28-80
NRS
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › X-Rays in the Healing Arts › Section 459.596 - X-ray and electron therapy installations: Leakage radiation; beam-limiting devices

Current through June 11,
				  2024
1. For existing
				  equipment and new equipment manufactured or installed after February 28, 1980:
(a) The leakage radiation, excluding
				  neutrons, at a distance of 1 meter from the source must not exceed 0.1 percent
				  of the useful beam dose rate at 1 meter from the source for any of its
				  operating conditions.
(b) Within 1
				  year after February 28, 1980, the registrant must determine or obtain from the
				  manufacturer for each machine the leakage radiation of electrons, X rays or
				  neutrons, existing at the points specified in paragraph (a) of this subsection,
				  for specified operating conditions. Records on radiation leakage must be
				  maintained at the installation.
(c)
				  The Division may by specific order impose upon any user of equipment from which
				  neutron leakage may be a hazard such additional requirements as it deems
				  appropriate or necessary to protect health or minimize danger to life or
				  property.
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › X-Rays in the Healing Arts › Section 459.598 - X-ray and electron therapy installations: Filters; beam monitors

Current through June 11, 2024
1. In equipment which uses a system of wedge
				  filters, interchangeable field flattening filters or beam scattering filters:
(a) Irradiation must not be possible until a
				  selection of filter has been made at the treatment control panel;
(b) An interlock system must be provided to
				  prevent irradiation if the filter is not in the correct position; and
(c) A display must be provided at the
				  treatment control panel showing the filter, filters or zero filter in
				  use.
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › X-Rays in the Healing Arts › Section 459.600 - X-ray and electron therapy installations: Dose monitors

Current
				  through June 11, 2024
1.
				  Irradiation must not be possible until a selection of a number of dose monitor
				  units has been made at the treatment control panel.
2. After useful beam termination, it must be
				  necessary to reset the preselected dose monitor units before treatment can be
				  reinitiated.
3. The preselected
				  number of dose monitor units must be displayed at the treatment control panel
				  until reset for the next irradiation.
4. Each of the monitoring systems must be
				  capable of independently terminating irradiation. Provisions must be made to
				  test the correct operation of each system.
5. Each primary system must terminate
				  irradiation when the preselected number of dose monitor units has been reached
				  and each secondary system must be used as a backup.
Bd. of Health, Radiation Control
				  Reg. §§ 6.9.1.5-6.9.1.6.2, eff. 2-28-80
NRS
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › X-Rays in the Healing Arts › Section 459.602 - X-ray and electron therapy installations: Switches; timers

Current through June 11, 2024
1. It must be possible to terminate
				  irradiation and equipment movements or to go from an interruption condition to
				  termination conditions at any time from the treatment control panel.
2. It must be possible to interrupt
				  irradiation and equipment movements at any time from the treatment control
				  panel. Following an interruption it must be possible to restart irradiation by
				  operator action without any reselection of operating conditions.
3. A timer must be provided which has a
				  display at the treatment control panel. The timer must have a preset time
				  selector and an elapsed time indicator.
4. The timer must be a cumulative timer which
				  switches on and off with the radiation and retains its reading after
				  irradiation is interrupted or terminated. It must be necessary to zero and
				  reset the elapsed time indicator and the preset time selector after irradiation
				  is terminated before irradiation will again be possible.
5. To guard against failure of the dose
				  monitoring systems, the timer must terminate irradiation when a preselected
				  time has elapsed.
Bd. of Health, Radiation Control
				  Reg. §§ 6.9.1.7-6.9.1.9.3, eff. 2-28-80
NRS
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › X-Rays in the Healing Arts › Section 459.604 - X-ray and electron therapy installations: Selections of radiation type, energy, and stationary or moving beam

Current through June 11,
				  2024
1. In equipment
				  capable of both X-ray therapy and electron therapy:
(a) Irradiation must not be possible until a
				  selection of radiation types, either X rays or electrons, has been made at the
				  treatment control panel; and
(b)
				  The radiation type selected must be displayed at the treatment control panel
				  before and during irradiation.
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › X-Rays in the Healing Arts › Section 459.606 - X-ray and electron therapy installations: Focal spot; beam orientation; system checks

Current through June 11,
				  2024
1. The registrant
				  must determine or obtain from the manufacturer the location with reference to
				  an accessible point on the radiation head of:
(a) The X-ray target and the virtual source
				  of X rays;
(b) The electron window
				  or the scattering foil, or both; and
(c) All possible orientations of the useful
				  beam.
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › X-Rays in the Healing Arts › Section 459.608 - X-ray and electron therapy installations: Shielding requirements

Current through June 11, 2024
Shielding
				  must be adequate to meet the requirements of NAC 459.320 to 459.374, inclusive.
				  In addition, each of the following design requirements apply:
1. Except for entrance doors, all the
				  required barriers must be fixed barriers.
2. The control panel must be located outside
				  the treatment room or within a protective booth equipped with an interlocked
				  door which is electrically connected to the control panel so that the door must
				  be closed during radiation production.
3. Windows, mirror systems, closed-circuit
				  television viewing screens or other equivalent viewing systems must be provided
				  to permit continuous observation of the patient during irradiation and must be
				  located so that the operator may see the patient and the control panel from the
				  same position. When the viewing system is by electronic means, for example,
				  television, an alternate viewing system must be provided for use in any failure
				  of the primary system.
4.
				  Provisions must be made for two-way aural communication with the patient from
				  the control station.
5. Treatment
				  rooms to which access is possible through more than one entrance must be
				  provided with warning lights in a readily observable position near the outside
				  of all access doors which will indicate when the useful beam is on.
6. Interlocks must be provided so that all
				  entrance doors must be closed before treatment can be initiated or continued.
				  If the radiation beam is interrupted by any door opening, it must be possible
				  to restore the machine to operation only by closing the door and subsequently
				  reinitiating exposure by manual action at the control panel.
Bd. of Health, Radiation Control
				  Reg. §§ 6.9.2-6.9.2.6, eff. 2-28-80-NAC A
				  1-18-94
NRS
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › X-Rays in the Healing Arts › Section 459.610 - X-ray and electron therapy installations: Surveys; operating procedure; calibration

Current through June 11,
				  2024
1. All new
				  facilities and existing facilities not previously surveyed must have a survey
				  of radiation protection made by, or under the direction of, a qualified expert.
				  This survey must also be done after any change in the facility or equipment
				  which might cause a significant increase in radiation hazard.
2. The expert must report his or her findings
				  in writing to the person in charge of the facility, and a copy of the report
				  must be transmitted by the registrant to the Division.
3. The survey and report must indicate all
				  instances where, in the opinion of the qualified expert, the installation is in
				  violation of any applicable regulation for protection against radiation and
				  must cite the sections violated.
4.
				  No person other than the patient may be in the treatment room during treatment.
				  When a patient must be held in position for radiation therapy, mechanical
				  supporting or restraining devices must be used.
5. The output of each therapeutic radiation
				  machine must be calibrated by a qualified expert, before the machine is first
				  used for medical purposes. Calibrations must be repeated at least once every 12
				  months and after any change which might significantly increase radiation
				  hazards. Records of calibrations must be provided to and maintained by the
				  registrant. The calibration must include at least the following determinations:
(a) Verification that the equipment is
				  operating in compliance with the design specifications concerning the light
				  localizer, the side light and backpointer alignment with the isocenter, when
				  applicable, variation in the axis of rotation for the table, gantry and jaw
				  system and beam flatness and symmetry at the specified depths.
(b) The exposure rate or dose rate for the
				  range and field sizes used and for each effective energy and for each treatment
				  distance used for radiation therapy.
(c) The effective energy, for example,
				  half-value layer when appropriate, for every combination of kVp and filter used
				  for radiation therapy.
(d) The
				  congruence between the radiation field and the field indicated by the
				  localizing device when localizing devices are used for radiation
				  therapy.
(e) The uniformity of the
				  radiation field and its dependence upon the direction of the useful
				  beam.
(f) The calibration
				  determinations must be provided in sufficient detail so that the absorbed dose
				  in rads to tissue adjacent to, as well as in the useful beam, may be calculated
				  to within ±5 percent of the intended absorbed dose.
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › X-Rays in the Healing Arts › Section 459.612 - X-ray and electron therapy installations: Spot checks

Current
				  through June 11, 2024
1.
				  A spot check must be made daily with use and include carefully selected
				  representative or indicative measurements which will demonstrate the
				  consistency of relevant machine operating characteristics or lack of those
				  characteristics.
2. The spot-check
				  methods must be in writing and have been designed by a qualified
				  expert.
3. Spot checks which are
				  erratic or inconsistent with calibration data must be investigated
				  promptly.
4. For machines in which
				  beam quality may vary significantly, spot checks must include quality
				  checks.
5. Whenever a spot check
				  indicates a significant change, as specified in the qualified expert's
				  spot-check design, in the operating characteristics of a machine, the machine
				  must be recalibrated as required in subsection 5 of NAC 459.610.
6. Where a machine has built-in devices which
				  provide a self-check of any parameter during irradiation, that parameter may be
				  spot checked weekly instead of daily.
7. A log must be kept of all spot-check
				  measurements.
Bd. of Health, Radiation Control
				  Reg. §§ 6.9.3.4-6.9.3.4.7, eff. 2-28-80
NRS
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › X-Rays in the Healing Arts › Section 459.616 - Other radiographic systems: Beam limitation

Current through
				  June 11, 2024
The useful beam must be limited to the
				  area of clinical interest.
Bd. of Health, Radiation Control
				  Reg. §§ 6.6 & 6.6.1, eff. 2-28-80
NRS
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › X-Rays in the Healing Arts › Section 459.618 - General purpose X-ray systems: Stationary and mobile

Current
				  through June 11, 2024
1.
				  A means must be provided for stepless adjustment of the size of the X-ray
				  field.
2. A means must be provided
				  for visually defining the perimeter of the X-ray field. The total misalignment
				  of the edges of the visually defined field with the respective edges of the
				  X-ray field along either the length or width of the visually defined field must
				  not exceed 2 percent of the distance from the source to the center of the
				  visually defined field when the surface upon which it appears is perpendicular
				  to the axis of the X-ray beam.
3.
				  The Division may grant an exemption from subsections 1 and 2 for an uncertified
				  X-ray system if the registrant makes a written application for the exemption
				  and in his or her application demonstrates that:
(a) It is impractical to comply with
				  subsections 1 and 2; and
(b) The
				  purpose of NAC
				  459.400 to
				  459.624, inclusive, and section
				  28 will be met by other means.
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › X-Rays in the Healing Arts › Section 459.620 - Other radiographic systems: Special purpose systems

Current
				  through June 11, 2024
For special purpose X-ray
				  systems:
1. A means must be provided
				  to limit the X-ray field in the plane of the image receptor so that the X-ray
				  field is within 2 percent of the source-image receptor distance in each
				  dimension of the X-ray field when the axis of the X-ray beam is perpendicular
				  to the plane of the image receptor.
2. A means must be provided to align the
				  center of the X-ray field with the center of the image receptor to within 2
				  percent of the source-image receptor distance.
3. Subsections 1 and 2 may be met with a
				  system that meets the requirements for a general purpose X-ray system as
				  specified in NAC
				  459.618, or, when alignment means
				  are also provided, may be met with either:
(a)
				  An assortment of removable, fixed-aperture, beam-limiting devices sufficient to
				  meet the requirement for each combination of image receptor size and
				  source-image receptor distance for which the unit is designed with each such
				  device having clear and permanent markings to indicate the image receptor size
				  and source-image receptor distance for which it is designed; or
(b) A beam-limiting device having multiple
				  fixed apertures sufficient to meet the requirement for each combination of
				  image receptor size and source-image receptor distance for which the unit is
				  designed. Permanent, clearly legible markings must indicate the image receptor
				  size and source-image receptor distance for which each aperture is designed and
				  indicate which aperture is in position for use.
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › X-Rays in the Healing Arts › Section 459.622 - Devices to control exposures

Current through June 11,
				  2024
1. A means must be
				  provided to terminate the exposure at a preset time interval, preset product of
				  current and time, a preset number of pulses or a preset radiation exposure to
				  the image receptor. In addition:
(a)
				  Termination of exposure must cause automatic resetting of the timer to its
				  initial setting or to zero; and
(b)
				  It must not be possible to make an exposure when the timer is set to a zero or
				  off position if either position is provided.
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › X-Rays in the Healing Arts › Section 459.624 - Other radiographic systems: Source to skin distance; exposure reproducibility; standby radiation

Current through June 11,
				  2024
1. Except as
				  otherwise provided in NAC 459.5595, all mobile or portable radiographic systems
				  must be provided with a means to limit the source to skin distance to not less
				  than 30 centimeters.
2. The
				  exposure produced must be reproducible to the following criteria: When all
				  technique factors are held constant, the coefficient of variation must not
				  exceed 0.10. This requirement is met if, when four exposures at identical
				  technique factors are made, the value of the average exposure (E) is greater
				  than or equal to five times the maximum exposure (E max) minus the minimum
				  exposure (E min) in accordance with the formula: E 5 (E max-E min).
3. Radiation emitted from the X-ray tube when
				  the exposure switch or timer is not activated must not exceed a rate of 2
				  milliroentgens per hour at 5 centimeters from any accessible surface of the
				  diagnostic source assembly, with the beam-limiting device fully open.
Bd. of Health, Radiation Control
				  Reg. §§ 6.6.3-6.6.5, eff. 2-28-80-NAC A by R185-08,
				  5-7-2010
NRS
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for Analytical X-Ray Equipment › Section 459.640 - Definitions

Current through June 11, 2024
As used in
				  NAC 459.640 to 459.664, inclusive, unless the context otherwise requires, the
				  words and terms defined in NAC 459.642 to 459.654, inclusive, have the meanings
				  ascribed to them in those sections.
Supplied in
				  codification
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for Analytical X-Ray Equipment › Section 459.642 - "Analytical X-ray equipment" defined

Current through June 11,
				  2024
"Analytical X-ray equipment" means equipment
				  used for X-ray diffraction or fluorescence analysis.
Bd. of Health, Radiation Control
				  Reg. § 8.2.1, eff. 2-28-80
NRS
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for Analytical X-Ray Equipment › Section 459.644 - "Analytical X-ray system" defined

Current through June 11,
				  2024
"Analytical X-ray system" means a group of
				  local and remote components utilizing X rays to determine the elemental
				  composition or to examine the microstructure of materials.
Bd. of Health, Radiation Control
				  Reg. § 8.2.2, eff. 2-28-80
NRS
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for Analytical X-Ray Equipment › Section 459.646 - "Fail-safe characteristics" defined

Current through June 11,
				  2024
"Fail-safe characteristics" means design
				  features which cause beam port shutters to close or which otherwise prevent
				  emergence of the primary beam upon the failure of a safety or warning
				  device.
Bd. of Health, Radiation Control
				  Reg. § 8.2.3, eff. 2-28-80
NRS
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for Analytical X-Ray Equipment › Section 459.648 - "Local components" defined

Current through June 11,
				  2024
1. "Local
				  components" means part of an analytical X-ray system and includes areas exposed
				  to X rays, such as radiation source housings, port and shutter assemblies,
				  collimators, sample holders, cameras, goniometers, detectors and
				  shielding.
2. The term does not
				  include power supplies, transformers, amplifiers, readout devices and control
				  panels.
Bd. of Health, Radiation Control
				  Reg. § 8.2.4, eff. 2-28-80
NRS
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for Analytical X-Ray Equipment › Section 459.650 - "Normal operating procedures" defined

Current through June 11,
				  2024
"Normal operating procedures" means operating
				  procedures necessary to accomplish the X-ray procedure being performed,
				  including, without limitation, positioning of the equipment and the object
				  being examined, alignment of the equipment, routine maintenance of the
				  equipment and the procedures for recording data relating to radiation
				  safety.
Bd. of Health, Radiation Control
				  Reg. § 8.2.5, eff. 2-28-80-NAC A by Dep't of Human Resources by R137-01,
				  5-30-2003
NRS
				  459.030,
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for Analytical X-Ray Equipment › Section 459.652 - "Open-beam configuration" defined

Current through June 11,
				  2024
"Open-beam configuration" means an analytical
				  X-ray system in which a person could accidentally place some part of his or her
				  body in the primary beam path during a normal operation.
Bd. of Health, Radiation Control
				  Reg. § 8.2.6, eff. 2-28-80
NRS
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for Analytical X-Ray Equipment › Section 459.654 - "Primary beam" defined

Current through June 11,
				  2024
"Primary beam" means ionizing radiation which
				  passes through an aperture of the source housing by a direct path from the
				  X-ray tube or a radioactive source located in the radiation source
				  housing.
Bd. of Health, Radiation Control
				  Reg. § 8.2.7, eff. 2-28-80
NRS
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for Analytical X-Ray Equipment › Section 459.656 - Scope

Current through June 11, 2024
The
				  provisions of NAC 459.640 to 459.664, inclusive, establish requirements,
				  binding upon registrants, for use of analytical X-ray equipment. These
				  requirements are in addition to, and not in substitution for, other applicable
				  requirements of NAC 459.010 to 459.794, inclusive.
Bd. of Health, Radiation Control
				  Reg. § 8.1, eff. 2-28-80-NAC A by Dep't of Human Resources by R137-01,
				  5-30-2003
NRS
				  459.030,
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for Analytical X-Ray Equipment › Section 459.658 - Equipment requirements

Current through June 11,
				  2024
1. A safety device
				  which prevents the entry of any portion of a person's body into the primary
				  X-ray beam path or which causes the beam to be shut off upon entry into its
				  path must be provided on all open-beam configurations. A registrant or licensee
				  may apply to the Division for an exemption from the requirements of a safety
				  device. Such an application must include:
(a)
				  A description of the various safety devices that have been evaluated;
(b) The reason each of these devices cannot
				  be used; and
(c) A description of
				  the alternative methods that will be employed to minimize the possibility of an
				  accidental exposure, including procedures to ensure that operators and others
				  in the area will be informed of the absence of safety devices.
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for Analytical X-Ray Equipment › Section 459.660 - Area requirements

Current through June 11,
				  2024
1. The local
				  components of an analytical X-ray system must be so located and arranged to
				  include sufficient shielding or access control so that no radiation levels
				  exist in any area surrounding the local component group which could result in a
				  dose to a person present therein in excess of the dose limits given in NAC
				  459.335. For systems utilizing X-ray tubes, these levels must be met at any
				  specified tube rating.
2. Radiation
				  surveys, as required by NAC 459.337, of all analytical X-ray systems sufficient
				  to show compliance with subsection 1 must be performed:
(a) Upon installation of the equipment and at
				  least every 12 months thereafter;
(b) Following any change in the initial
				  arrangement, number or type of local components in the system;
(c) Following any maintenance requiring the
				  disassembly or removal of a local component in the system;
(d) During the performance of maintenance and
				  alignment procedures if the procedures require the presence of a primary X-ray
				  beam when any local component in the system is disassembled or
				  removed;
(e) Any time a visual
				  inspection of the local components in the system reveals an abnormal condition;
				  and
(f) Whenever personnel
				  monitoring devices show a significant increase over the previous monitoring
				  period or when the readings are approaching the radiation dose limits specified
				  in NAC 459.320 to 459.374, inclusive.
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for Analytical X-Ray Equipment › Section 459.662 - Operating requirements

Current through June 11,
				  2024
1. Normal operating
				  procedures must be written and made available to all workers on analytical
				  X-ray equipment. No person may operate analytical X-ray equipment in any manner
				  other than that specified in the procedures unless he or she has obtained
				  written approval of the person responsible for radiation safety.
2. No person may bypass a safety device
				  unless he or she has obtained the approval of the person responsible for
				  radiation safety. Such an approval must be for a specified period. When a
				  safety device has been bypassed, a readily discernible sign bearing the words
				  "SAFETY DEVICE NOT WORKING," or words having a similar meaning, must be placed
				  on the radiation source housing and the control panel.
Bd. of Health, Radiation Control
				  Reg. §§ 8.5-8.5.2, eff. 2-28-80
NRS
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for Analytical X-Ray Equipment › Section 459.664 - Personnel requirements

Current through June 11,
				  2024
1. No person may
				  operate or maintain analytical X-ray equipment unless he or she has received
				  instruction in and demonstrated competence with regard to:
(a) Identification of radiation hazards
				  associated with the use of the equipment;
(b) Significance of the various radiation
				  warning and safety devices incorporated into the equipment, or the reasons they
				  have not been installed on certain pieces of equipment and the extra
				  precautions required in such cases;
(c) Proper operating procedures for the
				  equipment;
(d) Symptoms of an acute
				  localized exposure; and
(e) Proper
				  procedures for reporting an actual or suspected exposure.
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for X-Ray Industrial Radiography › Section 459.680 - Definitions

Current through June 11, 2024
As used in
				  NAC 459.680 to 459.733, inclusive, unless the context otherwise requires, the
				  words and terms defined in NAC 459.684 to 459.7037, inclusive, have the
				  meanings ascribed to them in those sections.
Supplied in codification; A by Bd.
				  of Health, 4-27-84; 1-21-94; A by Dep't of Human Resources by R137-01,
				  5-30-2003
NRS
				  459.030,
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for X-Ray Industrial Radiography › Section 459.684 - "Cabinet X-ray system" defined

Current through June 11,
				  2024
"Cabinet X-ray system" means an X-ray system
				  with the X-ray tube installed in a cabinet that, independent of existing
				  architectural structures except for the floor on which it may be placed, is
				  intended to contain at least that portion of the material that is being
				  irradiated, provide radiation attenuation and exclude personnel from its
				  interior during generation of X radiation. Included are all X-ray systems
				  designed primarily for the inspection of carry-on baggage at airline, railroad
				  and bus terminals and in similar facilities. An X-ray tube used within a
				  shielded part of a building, or X-ray equipment which may temporarily or
				  occasionally incorporate portable shielding, is not considered a cabinet X-ray
				  system.
Bd. of Health, Radiation Control
				  Reg. § 5.3.1.1.1, eff. 2-28-80-NAC A by Dep't of Human Resources by
				  R137-01, 5-30-2003
NRS
				  459.030,
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for X-Ray Industrial Radiography › Section 459.6843 - "Control panel" defined

Current through June 11,
				  2024
"Control panel" has the meaning ascribed to in
				  NAC 459.422.
Added to NAC by Dep't of Human
				  Resources by R137-01, eff. 5-30-2003
NRS
				  459.030
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for X-Ray Industrial Radiography › Section 459.6847 - Direct reading pocket dosimeter" defined

Current through June
				  11, 2024
" "Direct reading pocket dosimeter" means
				  an ion-chamber pocket dosimeter or an electronic personal dosimeter.
Added to NAC by Dep't of Human
				  Resources by R137-01, eff. 5-30-2003
NRS
				  459.030
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for X-Ray Industrial Radiography › Section 459.7015 - "Storage area" defined

Current through June 11,
				  2024
"Storage area" means any location, facility or
				  vehicle used to store or secure an X-ray system when it is not in use.
Added to NAC by Bd. of Health,
				  eff. 1-21-94; A by Dep't of Human Resources by R137-01,
				  5-30-2003
NRS
				  459.030,
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for X-Ray Industrial Radiography › Section 459.703 - "Temporary job site" defined (Repealed)

Current through June 11,
				  2024
Added to NAC by Bd. of Health,
				  eff. 1-21-94; A by Dep't of Human Resources by R137-01, 5-30-2003; R by
				  R144-13A,
				  eff. 10/13/2016
NRS
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for X-Ray Industrial Radiography › Section 459.7033 - "X-ray industrial radiography" defined

Current through June
				  11, 2024
"X-ray industrial radiography" means the
				  examination of the macroscopic structure of materials by nondestructive methods
				  utilizing X-ray sources of radiation. The term includes, without limitation,
				  such an examination by an X-ray system which is designed as a screening system
				  for the security of personnel and is used to detect contraband and
				  weapons.
Added to NAC by Dep't of Human
				  Resources by R137-01, eff. 5-30-2003; A by
				  R144-13A,
				  eff. 10/13/2016
NRS
				  459.030
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for X-Ray Industrial Radiography › Section 459.7037 - "X-ray system" defined

Current through June 11,
				  2024
"X-ray system" has the meaning ascribed to it
				  in NAC 459.542.
Added to NAC by Dep't of Human
				  Resources by R137-01, eff. 5-30-2003
NRS
				  459.030
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for X-Ray Industrial Radiography › Section 459.704 - Purpose; applicability

Current through June 11,
				  2024
1. The provisions
				  of NAC 459.680 to 459.733, inclusive, establish radiation safety requirements
				  for persons engaged in X-ray industrial radiography. These requirements are in
				  addition to and not in substitution for other applicable requirements of NAC
				  459.010 to 459.950, inclusive.
2.
				  The provisions of NAC 459.680 to 459.733, inclusive, apply to all registrants
				  who engage in X-ray industrial radiography.
Bd. of Health, Radiation Control
				  Reg. §§ 5.1 & 5.2, eff. 2-28-80-NAC A by R084-98, 1-26-99; A by
				  Dep't of Human Resources by R137-01, 5-30-2003; A by Bd. of Health by R149-07,
				  1-30-2008
NRS
				  459.030,
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for X-Ray Industrial Radiography › Section 459.705 - X-ray systems: Training requirements for operators

Current through
				  June 11, 2024
1. A
				  person who operates an X-ray system for X-ray industrial radiography must:
(a) Be trained in the:
(1) Normal operating procedures for each
				  X-ray system he or she operates; and
(2) Emergency procedures related to radiation
				  safety for each facility at which he or she operates; and
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for X-Ray Industrial Radiography › Section 459.707 - X-ray systems: Warning devices

Current through June 11,
				  2024
An X-ray system used in X-ray industrial
				  radiography must:
1. Have an
				  indication light that indicates when the X-ray system is operating. The light
				  must be clearly visible from any area with access to the X-ray
				  system.
2. If it is a cabinet X-ray
				  system, comply with NAC 459.737.
Added to NAC by Dep't of Human
				  Resources by R137-01, eff. 5-30-2003
NRS
				  459.030
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for X-Ray Industrial Radiography › Section 459.708 - X-ray systems: Locking systems

Current through June 11,
				  2024
1. An X-ray system
				  that is located in an unrestricted area must be provided with a lock on the
				  control panel of the system which is designed to prevent unauthorized use of
				  the system or accidental production of radiation.
2. If an X-ray system, other than a cabinet
				  X-ray system, is placed in a storage area, the X-ray system must be locked with
				  the key removed.
Bd. of Health, Radiation Control
				  Reg. §§ 5.4.2 & 5.4.2.2, eff. 2-28-80-NAC A 4-27-84; 1-21-94; A
				  by Dep't of Human Resources by R137-01, 5-30-2003
NRS
				  459.030,
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for X-Ray Industrial Radiography › Section 459.710 - X-ray systems: Securing systems

Current through June 11,
				  2024
An X-ray system must be physically secured to
				  prevent tampering or removal by unauthorized personnel.
Bd. of Health, Radiation Control
				  Reg. § 5.4.3, eff. 2-28-80-NAC A by Dep't of Human Resources by R137-01,
				  5-30-2003
NRS
				  459.030,
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for X-Ray Industrial Radiography › Section 459.712 - Equipment control: Radiation survey instruments

Current through
				  June 11, 2024
1. The
				  registrant shall maintain sufficient calibrated and operable radiation survey
				  instruments at each location where radiation producing equipment is used.
				  Instrumentation required by this section must have a range such that 2
				  millirems (0.02 millisievert) per hour through 1 rem (0.01 sievert) per hour
				  can be measured.
2. Each radiation
				  survey instrument must be calibrated:
(a)
				  Against appropriate energy at intervals not exceeding 6 months and, except for
				  battery changes, after each servicing of the instrument;
(b) So that accuracy within plus or minus 20
				  percent can be demonstrated at each point checked; and
(c) At two or more widely separated points,
				  other than zero, on each scale, as follows:
(1) For linear scale instruments, at two
				  points located approximately one-third and two-thirds of full scale on each
				  scale;
(2) For logarithmic scale
				  instruments, at the mid-range of each decade and at two points of at least one
				  decade; and
(3) For digital
				  instruments, at 3 points between 2 millirems (0.02 millisievert) per hour and 1
				  rem (0.01 sievert) per hour.
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for X-Ray Industrial Radiography › Section 459.716 - Equipment control: Inspection and maintenance

Current through
				  June 11, 2024
1. The
				  registrant shall perform visual and operability checks of the indication lights
				  and warning lights of an X-ray system before use each day the X-ray system is
				  used to ensure that the X-ray system is in good working order. If this check
				  reveals damage to or other problems with the X-ray system or any component
				  thereof, the licensee or registrant shall make a record of the
				  problem.
2. Each licensee shall
				  conduct a program of at least semiannual inspection and routine maintenance of
				  X-ray systems and the components thereof, including, without limitation,
				  interlocks, indication lights, exposure switches, warning lights and
				  cables.
3. Records of inspection
				  and maintenance, and records of defects or problems created pursuant to
				  subsection 1, must be kept for inspection by the Division for not less than 3
				  years.
4. If any check or
				  inspection conducted pursuant to this section reveals damage to or other
				  problems with an X-ray system or any component thereof, the X-ray system must
				  be removed from service until repairs have been made.
Bd. of Health, Radiation Control
				  Reg. §§ 5.4.8-5.4.8.2, eff. 2-28-80-NAC A 4-27-84; A by Dep't of
				  Human Resources by R137-01, 5-30-2003
NRS
				  459.030,
				  459.201
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for X-Ray Industrial Radiography › Section 459.719 - Precautionary procedures: Posting of signs

Current through June 11,
				  2024
A registrant that engages in X-ray industrial
				  radiology shall post with signs, in the manner set forth in subsection 2 of NAC
				  459.3555, any pathway leading to a high radiation area and any barrier,
				  including a temporary barrier, that is intended to prevent unauthorized access
				  to a high radiation area.
Added to NAC by Dep't of Human
				  Resources by R137-01, eff. 5-30-2003
NRS
				  459.030
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for X-Ray Industrial Radiography › Section 459.7234 - Requirements for radiation safety officer

Current through June 11,
				  2024
1. A registrant
				  that engages in the practice of X-ray industrial radiography shall appoint a
				  radiation safety officer for the radiographic operation.
2. A radiation safety officer shall:
(a) Ensure that the daily operation of X-ray
				  industrial radiography is conducted in accordance with the provisions of this
				  chapter.
(b) Establish and oversee
				  operating and emergency procedures and procedures to ensure that the level of
				  radiation is as low as is reasonably achievable. The radiation safety officer
				  shall review these procedures at least once each year to ensure that the
				  procedures conform to the requirements set forth in this chapter.
(c) Approve and oversee all phases of the
				  training program for radiographic personnel to ensure that they receive
				  training in appropriate and effective protection practices.
(d) Ensure that the required surveys are
				  performed and documented in accordance with applicable regulations and that
				  corrective measures are taken if the levels of radiation exceed the levels
				  established in this chapter.
(e)
				  Ensure that monitoring devices are calibrated and used properly by personnel
				  who are performing X-ray industrial radiography and the results of exposures to
				  radiation are properly recorded and notices of those exposures are submitted on
				  a timely basis.
(f) Ensure that the
				  radiographic operations are conducted safely and institute corrective actions
				  if necessary, including terminating the operations in an emergency or if unsafe
				  conditions exist.
Nevada Administrative Code › Chapter 459 - Hazardous Materials › RADIATION CONTROL › Radiation Safety Requirements for X-Ray Industrial Radiography › Section 459.724 - Safety requirements for operators of X-ray systems

Current
				  through June 11, 2024
1.
				  Except as otherwise provided in subsection 7, a registrant shall not permit any
				  person to operate an X-ray system to conduct X-ray industrial radiography
				  unless, at all times during radiographic operations, the person wears a film
				  badge or a thermoluminescence dosimeter and, if the X-ray industrial
				  radiography takes place at a temporary job site or in a room or building that
				  does not meet the requirements of NAC
				  459.335, a direct reading pocket
				  dosimeter.
2. Direct reading pocket
				  dosimeters must have a range from zero to 200 millirems (2 millisieverts) and
				  be recharged at the start of each shift. Each film badge or thermoluminescence
				  dosimeter must be assigned to and worn by only one person. A film badge must
				  not be replaced less often than once a month. A thermoluminescence dosimeter
				  must not be replaced less often than once every 3 months.
3. Direct reading pocket dosimeters must be
				  read and exposures recorded daily. A person's film badge or thermoluminescence
				  dosimeter must be immediately processed if his or her pocket dosimeter is
				  discharged beyond its range. Reports received from the film badge or
				  thermoluminescence dosimeter processor and records of the pocket dosimeter
				  readings must be maintained for inspection by the Division for not less than 3
				  years after the records are made.
4. Each direct reading pocket dosimeter must
				  be checked at periods not to exceed 1 year for response to radiation. To be
				  acceptable, a dosimeter must read within plus or minus 20 percent of the true
				  radiation exposure.
5. If the
				  ion-chamber pocket dosimeter of a person is found to be off scale, or if the
				  electronic personal dosimeter of a person reads greater than 200 millirems (2
				  millisieverts), and the possibility of radiation exposure cannot be ruled out
				  as the cause:
(a) The film badge or
				  thermoluminescence dosimeter of that person must be sent for processing within
				  24 hours; and
(b) The person shall
				  not resume work with sources of radiation until a determination of his or her
				  radiation exposure has been made.