Louisiana Administrative Code › Title 70 - TRANSPORTATION AND DEVELOPMENT › Part II - Utilities › Chapter 5 - Standards Manual for Accommodating Facilities on Highway Right-of-Way › Section II-505 - Definition of Terms

Current through Register Vol. 50, No. 6, June 20, 2024
A. The
				following are definitions of the terminology used in these standards:
Abandonment
- occurs when a facility remains
				  in highway right-of-way after it is no longer functioning.
Access Connection
- any roadway facility by
				  means of which vehicles can enter or leave a highway. Included are
				  intersections at grade, private driveways, and ramps or separate lanes
				  connecting with cross streets or frontage roads.
Advertisement
- a public announcement
				  inviting bids for work to be performed or materials to be furnished.
Approved Drawing
- relocation drawings
				  submitted by a utility in place of a utility relocation agreement. This is
				  allowed when the state has no liability for the adjustments. Approved drawings
				  have the same force as an agreement, are assigned an agreement number, and may
				  be referred to as a utility agreement.
Arterial Highway
- a general term denoting a
				  highway primarily for through traffic, usually on a continuous route.
Auxiliary Lane
- the portion of the roadway
				  adjoining the traveled way for parking, speed-change or for other purposes
				  supplementary to through traffic movement.
Average Daily Traffic
- the average 24-hour
				  volume, being the total volume during a stated period divided by a number of
				  days in that period. Unless otherwise stated, the period is a year. The term is
				  commonly abbreviated as ADT.
Backfill
- replacement of soil around and
				  over a pipe.
Backslope
- in a cut section, the graded
				  slope from the back of the ditch to the natural grade.
Base Course
- the layer or layers of
				  specified material of designed thickness on a subbase or a subgrade to support
				  a surface course.
Bedding
- organization of soil to support a
				  pipe.
Bidder
- an individual, partnership,
				  corporation, joint venture or any acceptable combination thereof submitting a
				  bid proposal.
Bridge
- structure, including supports,
				  erected over a depression or an obstruction, as water, highway, or railway,
				  which has a passageway for carrying traffic or other moving loads, and having
				  an opening measured along the center of the roadway of more than 20 feet
				  between undercopings of abutments or spring lines of arches or extreme ends of
				  openings for multiple boxes; may include multiple pipes where the clear
				  distance between openings is less than half of the smaller contiguous
				  opening.
Bury
- depth of top of casing, if cased, or
				  carrier pipe, if uncased, below surface grade.
Cap
- rigid structural element surmounting a
				  pipe.
Carrier
- pipe directly enclosing a
				  transmitted fluid (liquid or gas).
Casing
- a larger pipe enclosing a
				  carrier.
Clear Roadside Area
- that area as covered by
				  the definition below of the clear roadside policy, providing a specified
				  minimum distance from edge of traveled lane, beyond which above-ground
				  obstruction may be allowed.
Clear Roadside Policy
- the policy employed
				  by the DOTD to increase safety, improve traffic operations, and enhance the
				  appearance of highways by designing, constructing and maintaining highway
				  roadsides as wide, flat and rounded as practical and as free as practical from
				  physical obstructions above the ground, such as trees, drainage structures,
				  massive supports, utility poles and other ground-mounted obstructions.
Coating
- materials applied to or wrapped
				  around a pipe.
Conduit
or
Duct
- an
				  enclosed tubular runway for protecting wires or cables.
Control of Access
- the condition where the
				  right of owners or occupants of abutting land or other persons to access,
				  light, air or view in connection with a highway is fully or partially
				  controlled by public authority.
Controlled Access Highway
- any highway, to
				  or from which access is denied or controlled, in whole or in part, from or to
				  abutting land or intersecting streets, roads, highways, alleys or other public
				  or private ways.
Conventional Highway
- an arterial highway
				  without access control.
Cradle
- rigid structural element below and
				  supporting a pipe.
Culvert
- any drainage structure along and/or
				  under the roadway not defined as a bridge.
Department
- the Department of Transportation
				  and Development of the state of Louisiana, constituted under the laws of the
				  state for the administration of highway work.
Department of Transportation and
				  Development
- the Department of Transportation and Development of
				  Louisiana, through its offices and officers, responsible for developing and
				  implementing programs to assure adequate, safe, and efficient transportation
				  and other public works facilities and services in the state in accordance with
				  Act 513 of the 1976 Regular Session of the State Legislature.
Direct Burial
- installing a utility facility
				  underground without encasement, by plowing.
Divided Highway
- a highway with separated
				  roadways for traffic in opposite directions.
DOTD
- the Department of Transportation and
				  Development of the state of Louisiana.
Drain
- appurtenance to discharge liquid
				  contaminants from casings.
E.D.S.M.
-Engineering Directives and
				  Standards Manual of the Louisiana Department of Transportation and
				  Development.
Emergency
- a situation where the safety of
				  the traveling public or general public, or the structural integrity of the
				  roadway itself, is placed in jeopardy.
Encasement
- structural element surrounding a
				  pipe.
Encroachment
- unauthorized use of highway
				  right-of-way or easements, as for signs, fences, buildings, etc.
Engineer
- the chief engineer of the
				  Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, acting directly or
				  through his duly authorized representatives. When the term
chief
				  engineer
is used, it shall mean the chief engineer in person.
Equipment
- all machinery and equipment,
				  together with the necessary supplies for upkeep and maintenance, and also tools
				  and apparatus necessary for the proper construction and acceptable completion
				  of the work.
Expressway
- a divided arterial highway for
				  through traffic with full or partial control of access and generally with grade
				  separations at major intersections.
Flexible Pipe
- a plastic, fiberglass or
				  metallic pipe having large ratio of diameter to wall thickness which can be
				  deformed without undue stress.
Flume
- a structure used primarily for the
				  passage of irrigation water.
Freeway
- an expressway with full control of
				  access.
Front Slope
- the graded slope between the
				  outside edge of shoulder (or sidewalk area) and the edge of ditch nearest the
				  road (or natural ground).
Frontage Road
- a local street or road
				  auxiliary to and located on the side of an arterial highway for service to
				  abutting property and adjacent areas and for control of access.
Full Control of Access
- that the authority
				  to control access is exercised to give preference to through traffic by
				  providing access connections with selected public roads only by prohibiting
				  crossings at grade or direct private driveway connections.
Gallery
- an underpass for two or more
				  pipelines.
Grade Separation
- a crossing of two
				  highways, or a highway and a railroad, at different levels.
Grounded
- connected to earth or to some
				  extended conducting body which serves instead of the earth, whether the
				  connection is intentional or accidental.
Grout
- a cement mortar or a slurry of fine
				  sand or clay, as conditions govern.
Headquarters Utility and Permit Engineer
-
				  the licensed professional engineer authorized by the chief engineer to perform
				  all of the functions associated with relocating utility facilities and issuing
				  right-of-way permits.
High Grade Highway
- a highway having a
				  minimum of four lanes divided by a median, or a highway having two or more
				  lanes and an average daily traffic volume of 3,500 vehicles or more.
Highway Prism
or
Roadway
				  Prism
- that portion of earth supporting the roadway structure and
				  allied drainage ditches and/or structures.
Highway Purpose
- any purpose approved by the
				  legislature of Louisiana to be accomplished by the office of highways of the
				  Department of Transportation and Development upon highways and streets,
				  including relocation of public utility and railroad facilities, and including
				  the purpose of compliance with federal laws, rules, and regulations.
Highway, Street
or
Road
- a
				  general term denoting a public way for purposes of vehicular travel, including
				  the entire area within the right-of-way. Recommended usage in urban areas:
				  highway or street; in rural areas: highway or road.
Inspector
- the engineer's authorized
				  representative assigned to make detailed inspections of contract
				  performance.
Interchange
- a grade-separated intersection
				  with one or more turning roadways for travel between intersecting legs.
Intermediate Grade Highway
- a paved highway
				  having a minimum of two lanes and an average daily traffic volume which is less
				  than 3,500 vehicles.
Laboratory
- the testing laboratory of the
				  DOTD or any other approved testing laboratory which may be designated by the
				  engineer.
Local Street
or
Local Road
-
				  a street or road primarily for access to residence, business of other abutting
				  property not in state maintained highway system.
Low Grade Road
- any road having an unpaved
				  surface.
Major Highway
or
Major
				  Road
- an arterial highway with intersections at grade and direct
				  access to abutting property, and on which geometric design and traffic control
				  measures are used to expedite the safe movement of through traffic.
Manhole
- an opening in an underground system
				  which workmen or others may enter for the purpose of making installation,
				  inspections, repairs, connections and tests.
Median
- the portion of a divided highway
				  separating the
traveled ways
for traffic in opposite
				  directions.
Normal
- crossing at a right angle.
Oblique
- crossing at an acute angle.
Overfill
- backfill above a pipe.
Parish
- the parish in which the specified
				  work is to be done.
Parkway
- an arterial highway for
				  noncommercial traffic, with full or partial control of access, and usually
				  located within a park or a ribbon, or park-like developments.
Partial Control of Access
- the authority to
				  control access is exercised to give preference to through traffic to a degree
				  that, in addition to access connections with selected public roads, there may
				  be some crossings at grade and some private driveway connections.
Pavement Structure
- the combination of
				  subbase, base course and surface course placed on a subgrade to support the
				  traffic load and distribute it to the roadbed.
Pipe
- a tubular product made as a production
				  item for sale as such. Cylinders formed from plate in the course of the
				  fabrication of auxiliary equipment are not pipe as defined here.
Plans
- the contract drawings which show the
				  locations, character, and dimensions of the prescribed work, including layouts,
				  profiles, cross sections and other details.
Pressure
- relative internal pressure in psig
				  (pounds per square inch gauge).
Profile Grade
- the trace of a vertical plane
				  intersecting the top surface of the proposed wearing surface or other
				  designated course usually along the longitudinal centerline of the roadbed.
				  Profile grade means either elevation or gradient of such trace according to the
				  context.
Project
- the specific section of the highway
				  together with all appurtenances and construction to be performed thereon under
				  the contract.
Project Engineer
- the engineer assigned to
				  one or more specified construction projects to represent the DOTD through the
				  chief engineer.
Project Number
- a number used for
				  convenience to describe and delineate certain construction within definite
				  geographical limits.
Project Specifications
- all standard
				  specifications, supplemental specifications, special provisions and other
				  provisions that are applicable to the project.
Public Utility
- any business or organization
				  that regularly supplies the public with a commodity or service including
				  electricity, gas, water, telephone, telegraph, radio, television, cable
				  television, drainage, sewerage, and other like services.
Right-of-Way
- a general term denoting land,
				  property or interest therein, usually in a strip, acquired for or devoted to
				  transportation purposes.
Rigid Pipe
- a welded or bolted metallic pipe
				  or reinforced, prestresses or pretensioned concrete pressure pipe designed for
				  diametric deflection of less than 1.0 percent.
Roadbed
- the graded portion of a highway
				  within top and side slopes, prepared as a foundation for the pavement structure
				  and shoulder.
Roadside
- a general term denoting the area
				  adjoining the outer edge of the roadway. Extensive areas between the roadways
				  of a divided highway may also be considered roadside.
Roadside Development
- those items necessary
				  to the complete highway which provide for the preservation of landscape
				  materials and features; the rehabilitation and protection against erosion of
				  all areas disturbed by construction through seedings, sodding, mulching and the
				  placing of other ground covers; such as suitable planting and other
				  improvements as may increase the effectiveness and enhance the appearance of
				  the highway.
Roadway
- in general that portion of a
				  highway, including shoulders, provided for vehicular use. A divided highway has
				  two or more roadways. In construction specifications, a roadway is that portion
				  of a highway within the limits of construction.
Roadway Crossing
- any utility service
				  installation either over or under a state or local highway.
Safety Rest Area
- a roadside area with
				  parking facilities separated from the roadway provided for motorists to stop
				  and rest for short periods. It may include drinking water, toilets, tables and
				  benches, telephones, information and other facilities for travelers.
Scenic Overlook
- a roadside area provided
				  for motorists to stop their vehicles beyond the shoulder, primarily for viewing
				  the scenery in safety.
Secretary (
or
Designated
				  Representative)
- chief executive officer of the state of Louisiana
				  Department of Transportation and Development.
Semirigid Pipe
- a large diameter concrete or
				  metallic pipe designed to tolerate diametric deflection up to 3.0
				  percent.
Service Road
or
Frontage
				  Road
- a local street or road auxiliary to and located on the side of
				  the roadway for service to abutting property and adjacent areas and for control
				  of access.
Shoulder
- the portion of the roadway
				  contiguous with the traveled way for accommodation of stopped vehicles, for
				  emergency use or for lateral support of base and surface
				  courses
.
Sidefill
- backfill alongside a pipe.
Sidewalk
- that portion of the roadway
				  primarily constructed for the use of pedestrians.
Slab, Floating
- slab between but not
				  contacting pipe or pavement.
Sleeve
- short casing through pier or
				  abutment of highway structure.
Specifications
- the compilation of
				  provisions and requirements for the performance of prescribed work.
Standard Plans
- drawings approved for
				  repetitive use, showing details to be used where appropriate.
Standard Specifications
- a book of
				  specifications for general application and repetitive use.
State
- the state of Louisiana, acting
				  through its authorized representative.
Street
- any public street, road, lane,
				  expressway, boulevard, etc., that is not a state or federal highway under the
				  DOTD's control.
Structures
- bridges, culverts, catch basins,
				  drop inlets, retaining walls, cribbing, manholes, endwalls, buildings, sewers,
				  service pipes, underdrains, foundation drains and other features which may be
				  encountered in the work and not otherwise classed herein.
Subbase
- the layer or layers of specified or
				  selected material of designed thickness placed on a subgrade to support a base
				  course.
Subcontractor
- an individual, partnership,
				  firm, corporation, joint venture, or any acceptable combination thereof, to
				  which the contractor sublets parts of the contract.
Subgrade
- the top surface of a roadbed upon
				  which the pavement structure and shoulders are constructed.
Substructure
- all of that part of the
				  structure below the bearings of simple and continuous spans, skewbacks or
				  arches and tops of footings or rigid frames, including backwalls, and wing
				  protection railings.
Superintendent
- the contractor's authorized
				  representative who is in responsible charge of the work.
Superstructure
- the entire structure except
				  the substructure.
Supplemental Specifications
- additions and
				  revisions to the standard specifications.
Surety
- the corporation, partnership or
				  individual, other than the contractor, executing a bond furnished by the
				  contractor.
Surface Course
- one or more layers of a
				  pavement structure designed to accommodate the traffic load, the top of which
				  resists skidding, traffic abrasion, and the disintegrating effects of
				  climate.
Through
and
Local Traffic
-
				  through traffic is that traffic which has neither its origin nor its
				  destination within the limits of the project. Local traffic is that traffic
				  which has either its origin or its destination within the limits of the
				  project.
Through Street
or
Through
				  Highway
- every highway or portion thereof on which vehicular traffic
				  is given preferential right-of-way, and at the entrances to which vehicular
				  traffic from intersecting highways or streets is required by law to yield
				  right-of-way to vehicles on such through highway in obedience to either a stop
				  sign or a yield sign, when such signs are erected.
Traffic Lane
- the portion of traveled way
				  for the movement of a single lane of vehicles.
Traveled Way
- the portion of the roadway for
				  the movement of vehicles, exclusive of shoulders and auxiliary lanes.
Trenched
- installed in a narrow open
				  excavation.
Untrenched
- installed without breaking
				  ground or pavement surface, such as by jacking or boring.
Use and Occupancy Agreement
- the document by
				  which the DOTD regulates and/or gives approval of the use and occupancy of
				  highway rights-of-way by utility facilities or private lines.
Utility Agreement
- any document that has an
				  agreement number. These are supplied by the utility, and may consist of
				  Articles of Agreement, estimate, statement of work, specifications, and
				  drawings, or may consist of drawings only.
Vent
- appurtenance to discharge gaseous
				  contaminants from casings.
Walled
- partially encased by concrete poured
				  alongside the pipe.
Work
- the furnishing of all labor,
				  materials, equipment and other incidentals necessary or convenient to the
				  successful completion of the project and the carrying out of all duties and
				  obligations imposed by the contract.
Working Drawings
- supplemental design sheets
				  or similar data which the contractor is required to submit to the engineer such
				  as stress sheets, drawings, erection plans, falsework plans, framework plans,
				  cofferdam plans and bending diagrams for reinforcing steel.
AUTHORITY NOTE:
				  Promulgated in accordance with
				  R.S.
				  51:1901.