Iowa Administrative Code › Agency 567 - Environmental Protection Commission › Title VIII - Solid Waste Management and Disposal › Chapter 100 - Scope of Title-definitions-rules of Practice › Rule 567-100.2 - Definitions

Current through Register Vol. 47, No. 3, July 24, 2024
For the purpose of this title, the following terms shall have
				  the meaning indicated in this chapter. The definitions set out in Iowa Code
				  section 455B.301 shall be considered to
				  be incorporated verbatim in these rules.
"Airport"
means public-use airport open to
				  the public without prior permission and without restrictions within the
				  physical capacities of available facilities.
"Annular space"
means the open space formed
				  between the borehole and the well casing.
"Aquifer"
means a saturated geologic
				  formation or combination of formations which has appreciably greater ability to
				  transmit water than do adjacent formations. Typically, an aquifer is capable of
				  yielding usable quantities of water to a well.
"Areas susceptible to mass movement"
means
				  those areas of influence (i.e., areas characterized as having an active or
				  substantial possibility of mass movement) where the movement of earth material
				  at, beneath, or adjacent to the MSWLF site, because of natural or man-induced
				  events, results in the down slope transport of soil and rock material by means
				  of gravitational influence. Areas of mass movement include, but are not limited
				  to, landslides, avalanches, debris slides and flows, soil function, block
				  sliding, and rockfall.
"Attendant"
means an employee of a sanitary
				  disposal project who is not employed or assigned to operate the equipment used
				  on the site.
"Bird hazard"
means an increase in the
				  likelihood of bird/aircraft collisions that may cause damage to the aircraft or
				  injury to its occupants.
"Cathode ray tube"
or
"CRT"
means a vacuum tube composed primarily of leaded glass which is the visual or
				  video display component of an electronic device. An intact CRT means a CRT
				  whose vacuum has not been released. A broken CRT means glass removed from its
				  housing or casing whose vacuum has been released.
"CFR"
means Code of Federal
				  Regulations.
"Commission"
means the environmental
				  protection commission.
"Compost"
means organic material resulting
				  from biological decomposition of waste which can be used as a soil conditioner
				  or soil amendment.
"Composting"
means the controlled,
				  biological decomposition of selected solid organic waste materials under
				  aerobic conditions resulting in an innocuous final product.
"Comprehensive plan"
means a course of
				  action developed and established cooperatively between cities, counties and
				  municipal solid waste sanitary disposal projects regarding their chosen
				  integrated solid waste management system, its participants, waste reduction
				  strategies, and disposal methods.
"Comprehensive plan amendment"
means a
				  notification, filed between comprehensive plan updates, that the planning
				  agency seeks to change the participation or change the designated disposal
				  project(s) as set out in the most recent approved comprehensive plan
				  submittal.
"Comprehensive plan update"
means a planning
				  document that provides status reports on the integrated solid waste management
				  system and that describes revision to the information and evaluation of the
				  integrated solid waste management system and the proposed course of action for
				  the next planning cycle.
"Confined aquifer"
means an aquifer with a
				  confining bed above and below. Water in a confined aquifer is under pressure
				  such that water rises above the top of the aquifer in a well which penetrates
				  the aquifer.
"Confining bed"
means a geologic formation
				  exhibiting relatively low ability to transmit water compared to adjacent
				  formations. Confining beds are typically not capable of yielding usable
				  quantities of water to a well.
"Construction and demolition waste"
means
				  waste building materials including wood, metals and rubble which result from
				  construction or demolition of structures. Such waste shall also include
				  trees.
"Construction and demolition waste disposal
				  site"
means a sanitary landfill which accepts only construction and
				  demolition wastes.
"Consumer price index"
means the measure of
				  the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market
				  basket of consumer goods and services. For the purpose of this title,
consumer price index refers to All Urban Consumers (CPI-U),
				  All Items, as published by the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
"Contaminated animal carcasses"
means waste
				  including carcasses, body parts and bedding of animals that were exposed to
				  infectious agents during research, production of biologicals, or testing of
				  pharmaceuticals.
"Contaminated sharps"
means all discarded
				  sharp items derived from patient care in medical, research, or industrial
				  facilities including glass vials containing materials defined as infectious,
				  suture needles, hypodermic needles, scalpel blades, and Pasteur
				  pipettes.
"Contaminated soil"
means soil that contains
				  any harmful constituent in a concentration that may harm human health.
"CRT collection"
means any activity by a CRT
				  recycling facility or CRT collection facility involving the collection of
				  discarded CRTs that is not a short-term CRT collection event.
"CRT collection facility"
means a property
				  where ongoing CRT collection is the only CRT recycling activity
				  performed.
"CRT glass"
means any glass generated from
				  CRTs.
"CRT recycling"
means any process by which
				  discarded CRTs that would otherwise become waste are collected, processed and
				  returned to use in the form of raw materials or products. CRT recycling
				  includes but is not limited to receiving broken or intact CRTs, intentionally
				  breaking intact CRTs or further breaking or separating broken CRTs, and sorting
				  or otherwise managing glass removed from CRT monitors.
"CRT recycling facility"
means a property
				  where CRT recycling takes place. A CRT recycling facility may also collect
				  CRTs.
"Cultures and stocks of infectious agents"
means specimen cultures collected from medical and pathological laboratories,
				  cultures and stocks of infectious agents from research and industrial
				  laboratories, wastes from the production of biological agents, discarded live
				  and attenuated vaccines, and culture dishes and devices used to transfer,
				  inoculate or mix cultures.
"Department"
means the Iowa department of
				  natural resources.
"Discarded"
means no longer to be used for
				  the original intended purpose and means the letting go or throwing away of
				  materials that have become useless or superfluous though often not
				  intrinsically valueless. CRTs that are returned to the original owner are not
				  "discarded."
"Displacement"
means the relative movement
				  of any two sides of a fault measured in any direction.
"Downgradient"
means direction of decreasing
				  hydraulic head.
"Downgradient well"
means a well which has
				  been installed downgradient of the site and is capable of detecting the
				  migration of contaminants from the site.
"FAA certified airport"
means an airport
				  serving air carriers certified by the Civil Aeronautics Board that has been
				  issued an airport operating certificate from the Administrator of the Federal
				  Aviation Administration pursuant to Section 612 of the Federal Aviation Act,
				  49 U.S.C. § 1432, and 49 CFR Part 139 . (NOTE: This
				  definition includes the municipal airports in or near Iowa as follows: Moline,
				  Illinois; Omaha, Nebraska; and Burlington, Cedar Rapids, Des Moines, Dubuque,
				  Fort Dodge, Mason City, Ottumwa, Sioux City, and Waterloo, Iowa.)
"Fault"
means a fracture or a zone of
				  fractures in any material along which strata on one side have been displaced
				  with respect to that on the other side.
"Firewood processing facilities"
means
				  facilities which process or allow the public to process trees into
				  firewood.
"Fiscal year"
means the state fiscal year
				  from July 1 through June 30.
"Flood plain"
means the area adjoining a
				  river or stream which has been or may be hereafter covered by flood
				  water.
"Free liquid"
means the liquid produced when
				  a 100-milliliter or 100-gram representative sample is placed on a standard mesh
				  number 60 (fine mesh size) conical paint filter for five minutes. Method 9095
				  EPA SW 846.
"Garbage"
means all solid and semisolid,
				  putrescible animal and vegetable wastes resulting from the handling, preparing,
				  cooking, storing, serving and consuming of food or of material intended for
				  use
as food, and all offal, excluding useful industrial
				  byproducts, and shall include all such substances from all public and private
				  establishments and from all residences.
"Geologic cross section"
means a drawing of
				  a subsurface profile showing the various strata encountered based on at least
				  three soil borings.
"Groundwater flow path"
means the route of
				  water (and contaminant) travel within the groundwater system.
"High water table"
is the position of the
				  water table which occurs in the spring in years of normal or above normal
				  precipitation.
"Holocene"
means the most recent epoch of
				  the Quaternary Period, extending from the end of the Pleistocene Epoch to the
				  present.
"Human blood and blood products"
means human
				  serum, plasma, other blood components, bulk blood, or containerized blood in
				  quantities greater than 20 milliliters.
"Hydraulic head"
means the energy contained
				  at a point in the groundwater system. Hydraulic head is measured as the
				  elevation to which water rises in a piezometer.
"Incineration"
means the processing and
				  burning of waste for the purpose of volume and weight reduction in facilities
				  designed for such use.
"Incorporation"
means to mix into the soil
				  by tilling, disking, or other suitable means, thereby creating a loose and
				  divided soil texture.
"Industrial process wastes"
means waste that
				  is generated as a result of manufacturing activities, product processing or
				  commercial activities. It does not include office waste, cafeteria waste, or
				  other types that are not the direct result of production processes.
"Infectious"
means containing pathogens with
				  sufficient virulence and quantity so that exposure to an infectious agent by a
				  susceptible host could result in an infectious disease when the infectious
				  agent is improperly treated, stored, transplanted, or disposed of.
"Infectious waste"
means waste which is
				  infectious, including but not limited to contaminated sharps, cultures and
				  stocks of infectious agents, blood and blood products, pathological waste, and
				  contaminated animal carcasses from hospitals or research laboratories.
"Initial comprehensive plan"
means a first
				  or new comprehensive plan filed with the department pursuant to the provisions
				  of Iowa Code section 455B.306.
"Integrated solid waste management"
means
				  any solid waste management system which is focused on planned development of
				  programs and facilities that reduce waste volume and toxicity, recycle
				  marketable materials and provide for safe disposal of any residuals.
"Karst terranes"
means areas where karst
				  topography, with its characteristic surface and subterranean features, is
				  developed as the result of dissolution of limestone, dolomite, or other soluble
				  rock. Characteristic physiographic features present in karst terranes include,
				  but are not limited to, sinkholes, sinking streams, caves, large springs, and
				  blind valleys.
"land application"
means a method through
				  which sludge is applied to the ground surface. Land application may include
				  subsurface injection.
"landfarm"
means the area of land used to
				  landfarm a single application of a particular source and type of PCS. Landfarms
				  are created when a permitted landfarm applicator, or party under the
				  applicator's supervision, applies PCS to the land. No other PCS may be applied
				  within 15 feet of the area of land used as a landfarm until the landfarm is
				  closed pursuant to rule
				  567-120.12 (455B).
"landfarm applicator"
means an entity
				  permitted by the department to apply PCS to the land to create one or more
				  landfarms.
"landfarming"
means a surface-level soil
				  remediation technology for petroleum contaminated soils that reduces
				  concentrations of petroleum constituents through biodegradation to a level safe
				  for human health and the environment. This technology usually involves
				  spreading excavated contaminated soils in a thin layer on the ground surface
				  and stimulating aerobic microbial activity within the soils through aeration.
				  The enhanced microbial activity results in degradation of adsorbed petroleum
				  product constituents through microbial respiration. Some petroleum product
				  constituents volatize during the landfarming process.
"Landfarm plot"
means the specific operating
				  area of a landfarm upon which a particular source and type of PCS is
				  applied.
"Landfarm season"
means the period of the
				  year when the ground is not frozen or snow-covered and runoff from these
				  situations is not expected to transport PCS beyond the landfarm area.
"Landfill property"
means the entire area of
				  the landfill including the disposal site and any other contiguous property
				  proposed for actual landfill use.
"Land pollution"
means the presence in or on
				  the land of any solid waste in such quantity, of such nature and for such
				  duration and under such condition as would affect injuriously any waters of the
				  state, cause air pollution or create a nuisance.
"Lithified earth material"
means all rock,
				  including all naturally occurring and naturally formed aggregates or masses of
				  minerals or small particles of older rock that formed by crystallization of
				  magma or by induration of loose sediments. This term does not include man-made
				  materials, such as fill, concrete, and asphalt, or unconsolidated earth
				  materials, soil, or regolith lying at or near the earth surface.
"Local governments"
means those counties or
				  municipalities using the sanitary disposal project.
"Lower explosive limit"
means the lowest
				  percent by volume of a mixture of explosive gases in air that will propagate a
				  flame at 25° Celsius and atmospheric pressure.
"Maximum horizontal acceleration in lithified earth
				  material"
means the maximum expected horizontal acceleration depicted
				  on a seismic hazard map, with a 90 percent or greater probability that the
				  acceleration will not be exceeded in 250 years, or the maximum expected
				  horizontal acceleration based on a site-specific seismic risk
				  assessment.
"Mean"
is the sum of all the measurements
				  divided by the number of measurements.
"Monitoring well"
means any well installed
				  solely for the sampling of groundwater quality at a given location and depth
				  and constructed in a manner approved by the department.
"Municipal solid waste landfill (MSWLF)"
means a discrete area of land or an excavation that receives household waste,
				  and that is not a land application site, surface impoundment, injection well,
				  or waste pile, as those terms are defined under 40 Code of Federal Regulations
				  Part 257.2. An MSWLF also may receive other types of RCRA subtitle D wastes,
				  such as commercial solid waste, nonhazardous dry sludge, and industrial solid
				  waste. An MSWLF may be publicly or privately owned. An MSWLF may be a new MSWLF
				  site, an existing MSWLF site, or a lateral expansion.
"Municipal solid waste sanitary disposal
				  project"
means all facilities and appurtenances, including all real
				  and personal property connected with such facilities, which are acquired,
				  purchased, constructed, reconstructed, equipped, improved, extended,
				  maintained, or operated to facilitate the final disposition of household waste
				  without creating a significant hazard to the public health or safety. A
				  municipal solid waste sanitary disposal project also may receive other types of
				  Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Subtitle D wastes, such as
				  construction and demolition debris and commercial and industrial solid
				  waste.
"Nonstandard PCS"
means soil contaminated
				  with a petroleum product other than gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, jet fuel,
				  motor oil, hydraulic fluid, or some combination thereof.
"Open burning"
means any burning of
				  combustible materials where the products of combustion are emitted into the
				  open air without passing through a chimney or stack.
"Open dump"
means any exposed accumulation
				  of solid waste at a site other than a sanitary disposal project operating under
				  a permit from the department.
"Open dumping"
means the depositing of solid
				  wastes on the surface of the ground or into a body or stream of water.
"Operating area"
means the immediate portion
				  of a sanitary disposal project used for unloading and handling of solid waste
				  to prepare it for processing or final disposal.
"Operator"
means an employee of the sanitary
				  disposal project who is employed and assigned to operate the equipment used on
				  the site.
"Pathological waste"
means human tissues and
				  body parts that are removed during surgery or autopsy.
"Perched saturated zone"
is a localized
				  saturated zone occurring above the regional zone of saturation. The perched
				  saturated zone's presence is caused by a lens of relatively impermeable
				  material within the unsaturated zone that impedes the downward movement of
				  water toward the zone of saturation.
"Petroleum contaminated soil"
or
"PCS"
means soil contaminated with petroleum products
				  including, but not limited to, gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, jet fuel, motor
				  oil, hydraulic fluid, or some combination thereof.
"Piezometers"
are devices used to measure
				  hydraulic head at a specific point in the groundwater system. Piezometers are
				  generally small diameter wells sealed along the entire length and open to water
				  only at the bottom through a short section of well screen, which is the point
				  where hydraulic head is measured. A piezometer may be constructed similar to a
				  monitoring well or may be a driven well point.
"Plan participants"
means any individual,
				  group, government or private entity that has direct involvement in an
				  integrated solid waste management system.
"Planning agency"
means the designated
				  contact agency on file with the department.
"Planning area"
means the combined
				  jurisdiction of the local governments and the designated municipal solid waste
				  sanitary disposal project(s) involved in a comprehensive plan. A planning area
				  may include one or more municipal solid waste sanitary disposal
				  projects.
"Planning cycle"
means the length of time
				  between the due date for each comprehensive plan update submittal as approved
				  by the department, which shall be five years effective March 1, 2011.
"Pollution control waste"
means any solid
				  waste residue extracted by, or resulting from, the operation of pollution
				  control equipment.
"Poor foundation conditions"
means those
				  areas where features exist which indicate that a natural or man-induced event
				  may result in inadequate foundation support for the structural components of an
				  MSWLF site.
"Potentiometric surface"
is the imaginary
				  surface that represents the level to which water from an aquifer (confined or
				  unconfined) will rise in wells.
"Processing facility"
means the site and
				  equipment for the preliminary and incomplete disposal of solid waste, including
				  but not limited to transfer, open burning, incomplete land disposal,
				  incineration, composting, reduction, shredding and compression.
"Public agency"
is defined in Iowa Code
				  section 28E.2.
"Public water supply system"
means a system
				  for the provision to the public of piped water for human consumption, if such
				  system has at least 15 service connections or regularly serves an average of at
				  least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of the year. Such term
				  includes:
(1) any collection,
				treatment, storage, and distribution facilities under control of the supplier
				of water and used primarily in connection with such system, and
(2) any collection (including wells) or
				pretreatment storage facilities not under such control which are used primarily
				in connection with such supply system. A public water supply system is either a
				"community water system" or a "noncommunity water system."
a.
"Community water system"
means a public water supply system which serves at least 15 service connections
				used by year-round residents or regularly serves at least 25 year-round
				residents.
b.
"Noncommunity
				water system"
means a public water supply system that is not a
				community water system.
"Recycling"
means any process by which waste
				  or materials which otherwise become waste are collected, separated, or
				  processed and reused or returned to use in the form of raw materials or
				  products. Recycling includes, but is not limited to, the composting of yard
				  waste which has been previously separated from other waste and collected by the
				  sanitary facility, but does not include any form of energy recovery.
"Refuse"
means putrescible and
				  nonputrescible wastes including but not limited to garbage, rubbish, ashes,
				  incinerator ash, incinerator residues, street cleanings, market and industrial
				  solid wastes and sewage treatment wastes in dry or semisolid form.
"Refuse collection service"
means a publicly
				  or privately operated agency, business or service engaged in the collecting and
				  transporting of solid waste for disposal purposes.
"Rubbish"
means nonputrescible solid waste
				  consisting of combustible and noncombustible wastes, such as ashes, paper,
				  cardboard, tin cans, yard clippings, wood, glass, bedding, crockery or litter
				  of any kind.
"Salvageable material"
means discarded
				  material no longer of value for its original purpose but which has value if
				  reclaimed.
"Salvaging"
means the systematic removal of
				  salvageable material in a formal and orderly manner as a part of the normal
				  operating procedure of a sanitary disposal project.
"Sanitary disposal"
means a method of
				  treating solid waste so that it does not produce a hazard to the public health
				  or safety or create a nuisance.
"Sanitary disposal project"
is defined in
				  Iowa Code section 455B.301.
"Sanitary landfill operator"
means an
				  individual having active, daily, on-site responsibility for day-to-day
				  operation of a department-permitted sanitary landfill. This individual must
				  also have the authority to turn waste away at the gate when the waste is
				  considered unacceptable.
"Scavenging"
means the uncontrolled removal
				  of materials from the unloading or working area of a sanitary disposal
				  project.
"Seismic impact zone"
means an area with a
				  10 percent or greater probability that the maximum horizontal acceleration in
				  the lithified earth material, expressed as a percentage of the earth's
				  gravitational pull, will exceed 0.10g in 250 years.
"Service area"
means an area served by a
				  specific municipal solid waste sanitary disposal project defined in terms of
				  the jurisdictions of the local governments using the facility. A planning area
				  may include more than one service area. This definition does not apply to
				  567-Chapter 111.
"Sewage sludge"
is defined in 567-Chapter
				  67.
"Shelby tube"
is a thin-walled, seamless
				  steel tube with a sharp cutting edge which is used to obtain undisturbed
				  samples of cohesive or moderately cohesive soils (silts and clays).
"Shoreland"
means land within 300 feet of
				  the high water mark of any natural or artificial, publicly or privately owned
				  lake or any impoundment of water used as a source of public water
				  supply.
"Short-term CRT collection event"
means any
				  temporary activity involving the collection of discarded CRTs for recycling
				  that is not on the premises of a CRT recycling facility or CRT collection
				  facility.
"Site"
means any location, place or tract of
				  land used for collection, storage, conversion, utilization, incineration or
				  landfilling of solid waste, to include the landfill area, nonfill work areas,
				  borrow areas plus a 100-foot wide perimeter surrounding the working areas or
				  the property line if it is closer than 100 feet to the working areas.
"Sludge"
means any solid, semisolid, or
				  liquid waste generated from a commercial or industrial wastewater treatment
				  plant, water supply treatment plant or air pollution control facility or any
				  other such waste having similar characteristics and effects.
"Soil boring"
means a hole drilled or driven
				  into the subsurface for the purpose of determining subsurface
				  characteristics.
"Solid waste"
has the same meaning as found
				  in Iowa Code section 455B.301. Pursuant to Iowa Code
				  section 455B.301(29)
"b,"
the commission has determined that solid waste includes
				  those wastes exempted from federal hazardous waste regulation pursuant to
				  40 CFR
				  261.4(b) as amended through
				  November 16, 2016, except to the extent that any such exempted substances are
				  liquid wastes or wastewater. This definition applies to all chapters within
				  Title VIII. To the extent that there is a conflict, this definition
				  controls.
"Solid waste collection"
means the gathering
				  of solid waste from public and private places.
"Solid waste incinerator operator"
means an
				  individual with active, daily, on-site responsibility for day-to-day operation
				  of a department-permitted solid waste incinerator. This individual must also
				  have the authority to turn waste away when it has been determined to be
				  unacceptable.
"Solid waste storage"
means the holding of
				  solid waste pending intermediate or final disposal.
"Solid waste transportation"
means the
				  conveying of solid waste from one place to another by means of vehicle, rail
				  car, water vessel, conveyor or other means.
"Source of PCS"
means the contaminated area
				  from which the PCS originated. Examples of a source include, but are not
				  limited to, a specific gas station or spill location.
"Special wastes"
means any industrial
				  process waste, pollution control waste, or toxic waste which presents a threat
				  to human health or the environment or a waste with inherent properties which
				  make the disposal of the waste in a sanitary landfill difficult to manage.
				  Special waste does not include domestic, office, commercial, medical, or
				  industrial waste that does not require special handling or limitations on its
				  disposal. Special waste does not include hazardous wastes which are regulated
				  under the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), hazardous
				  waste as defined in Iowa Code section
				  455B.411, subsection 3, or
				  hazardous wastes included in the list compiled in accordance with Iowa Code
				  section 455B.464.
"Specific yield"
is the ratio of the volume
				  of water that a given mass of saturated rock or soil will yield by gravity to
				  the volume of that mass. This ratio is stated as a percentage.
"Split spoon sampler"
means a device used in
				  conjunction with a drilling rig to obtain core samples from unconsolidated
				  strata.
"Stabilized sludge"
means sludge that has
				  been processed to a point where it has the ability to resist further change,
				  produces minimal odor, and has achieved a substantial reduction in the
				  pathogenic organism content. (The department recognizes principles of
				  stabilization other than the conventional biological processes. Whether these
				  processes produce a stabilized sludge will be evaluated on an individual
				  basis.)
"Standard deviation"
means the square root
				  of the variance.
"Standard PCS"
means soil contaminated with
				  gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, jet fuel, motor oil, hydraulic fluid, or some
				  combination thereof.
"Storage coefficient"
is the volume of water
				  an aquifer releases from or takes into storage per unit surface area of aquifer
				  per unit change in head.
"Structural components"
means liners,
				  leachate collection systems, final covers, run-on/run-off systems, and any
				  other component used in the construction and operation of the MSWLF that is
				  necessary for protection of human health and the environment.
"Tar ball"
means a ball or conglomeration of
				  tarlike petroleum constituents. Tar balls may form when PCS that contains a
				  high concentration of long-chain or high molecular weight hydrocarbons is
				  landfarmed.
"Toxic wastes"
means materials containing
				  poisons, biocides, acids, caustics, pathological wastes, and similar harmful
				  wastes which may require special handling and disposal procedures to protect
				  the environment and the persons involved in the storage, transport and disposal
				  of the wastes.
"Transfer station"
means a fixed or mobile
				  intermediate solid waste disposal facility for transferring loads of solid
				  waste, with or without reduction of volume, to another transportation
				  unit.
"Transmissivity"
is the rate at which water
				  is transmitted through a unit width of an aquifer under a unit hydraulic
				  gradient.
"Tree chipping facilities"
means facilities
				  which chip trees and brush for the purpose of mulch production.
"Trees"
means trunks, limbs, stumps, or
				  branches from trees or shrubs and untreated, uncoated, chemically unchanged
				  wood wastes. This shall not include wood products which are part of an
				  otherwise defined waste or have been contaminated by coatings, treatments or
				  metals.
"Tremie tube"
means a pipe used to fill the
				  annular space in a well from the bottom up.
"Type of PCS"
means the specific petroleum
				  product or combination thereof that contaminated the soil. Examples of type
				  include, but are not limited to, gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, jet fuel,
				  motor oil, hydraulic fluid, or some combination thereof.
"Unconfined aquifer"
means an aquifer which
				  does not have a confining bed above it. The level of water in a well in an
				  unconfined aquifer is below the top of the aquifer formation.
"Unsaturated zone"
is the subsurface zone
				  above the water table in which the interstitial spaces are only partially
				  filled with water.
"Unstable area"
means a location that is
				  susceptible to natural or human-induced events or forces capable of impairing
				  the integrity of some or all of the landfill structural components
				  responsible
for preventing releases from a landfill. Unstable areas can
				  include poor foundation conditions, areas susceptible to mass movements, and
				  karst terranes.
"Upgradient"
means direction of increasing
				  hydraulic head.
"Upgradient well"
means a well which is
				  capable of yielding groundwater samples that are representative of regional
				  conditions and are not affected by the landfill site. Such a well is typically
				  placed upgradient of the site, if possible, and, if not, is placed in an
				  upgradient direction and as near the site as feasible.
"Variance"
means the sum of the squared
				  differences between the actual measurement and the mean divided by one less
				  than the number of measurements.
"Waste reduction"
means practices which
				  reduce, avoid, or eliminate both the generation of solid waste and the use of
				  toxic materials so as to reduce risks to health and the environment and to
				  avoid, reduce or eliminate the generation of wastes or environmental pollution
				  at the source and not merely achieved by shifting a waste output or waste
				  stream from one environmental medium to another environmental medium. Waste
				  reduction includes, but is not limited to, home yard waste composting, which
				  prevents yard waste from entering the waste stream.
"Water table"
means the water surface below
				  the ground at which the unsaturated zone ends and the saturated zone
				  begins.
"Yard waste"
means debris such as grass
				  clippings, leaves, garden waste, brush and trees. Yard waste does not include
				  tree stumps.
"Zone of saturation"
is the subsurface zone
				  below the water table in which the interstitial spaces are completely filled
				  with water.
This rule is intended to implement Iowa Code section
				  455B.304 and Iowa Code chapter
				  455D.