Iowa Administrative Code › Agency 567 - Environmental Protection Commission › Title II - Air Quality › Division B › Chapter 40 - Scope of Division-definitions-forms-rules of Practice › Rule 567-40.2 - Definitions

Current through Register Vol. 47, No. 3, July 24, 2024
"Act"
means the Safe Drinking Water Act as
					 amended (
					 42
					 U.S.C. 300f et seq.).
"Action level"
is the concentration of
					 lead or copper in water which determines, in some cases, the treatment
					 requirements that a water system is required to complete.
"Acute health effect"
means the health
					 effect of a contaminant which is an immediate rather than a long-term risk to
					 health.
"Animal confinement"
means a lot, yard,
					 corral, or similar structure in which the concentration of livestock or poultry
					 is such that a vegetative cover is not maintained.
"Animal pasturage"
means a fenced area
					 where vegetative cover is maintained and in which animals are enclosed.
"Animal waste"
means animal wastes
					 consisting of excreta, leachings, feed losses, litter, washwaters or other
					 associated wastes.
"Animal waste stockpiles"
means the
					 stacking, composting or containment of animal wastes.
"Animal waste storage basin or lagoon"
means a fully or partially excavated or diked earthen structure used for
					 containing animal waste, including earthen sideslopes or floor.
"Animal waste storage tank"
means a
					 completely fabricated structure, with or without a cover, either formed in
					 place or transported to the site, used for containing animal wastes.
"Antisiphon device"
means a device which
					 will prevent back siphonage by means of a relief valve which automatically
					 opens to the atmosphere, preventing the creation of subatmospheric pressure
					 within a pipe, thereby preventing water from reversing its flow.
"Authority"
means the Iowa finance
					 authority (IFA) as established by Iowa Code chapter 16.
"Backflow"
means the flow of water or
					 other liquids, mixtures, or substances into the distribution system of a
					 potable water supply from any source other than its permitted source.
"Backflow preventer"
is a device or means
					 to prevent backflow into a potable water system.
"Back siphon"
means the flowing back of
					 used, contaminated, or polluted water, from a plumbing fixture or vessel as a
					 result of negative or subatmospheric pressure within the distribution
					 system.
"Bag filters"
means pressure-driven
					 separation devices that remove particulate matter larger than 1 micrometer
					 using an engineered porous filtration media. They are typically constructed of
					 a non-rigid, fabric filtration media housed in a pressure vessel in which the
					 direction of flow is from the inside of the bag to the outside.
"Bank filtration"
means a water treatment
					 process that uses a well to recover surface water that has naturally
					 infiltrated into groundwater through a river bed or bank(s). Infiltration is
					 typically enhanced by the hydraulic gradient imposed by a nearby pumping water
					 supply or other well(s).
"Best available technology"
or
"BAT"
means the best technology, treatment techniques, or
					 other means which the state finds, after examination, for efficacy under field
					 conditions and not solely under laboratory conditions, are available (taking
					 cost into consideration).
"Cartridge filters"
means pressure-driven
					 separation devices that remove particulate matter larger than 1 micrometer
					 using an engineered porous filtration media. They are typically constructed as
					 rigid or semi-rigid, self-supporting filter elements housed in pressure vessels
					 in which flow is from the outside of the cartridge to the inside.
"Cistern"
means a tank in which rainwater
					 from roof drains is stored.
"Clean compliance history"
means, for the
					 purposes of 567-paragraph 41.2(1)
"e"
(4)"2," a record of no
					 monitoring violations and no coliform treatment technique trigger exceedances
					 or treatment technique violations under 567-subrule 41.2(1).
"Coagulation"
means a process using
					 coagulation chemicals and mixing by which colloidal and suspended materials are
					 destabilized and agglomerated into flocs.
"Combined distribution system (CDS)"
means
					 the interconnected distribution system consisting of the distribution systems
					 of wholesale systems and of the consecutive systems that receive finished
					 water.
"Commission"
means the environmental
					 protection commission of the state of Iowa.
"Community water system (CWS)"
means a
					 public water supply system which has at least 15 service connections used by
					 year-round residents or regularly serves at least 25 year-round
					 residents.
"Compliance cycle"
means the nine-year
					 (calendar year) cycle during which public water systems must monitor. Each
					 compliance cycle consists of three three-year compliance periods. The first
					 calendar year cycle begins January 1, 1993, and ends December 31, 2001; the
					 second begins January 1, 2002, and ends December 31, 2010; the third begins
					 January 1, 2011, and ends December 31, 2019, and continues every nine years
					 thereafter.
"Compliance period"
means a three-year
					 (calendar year) period within a compliance cycle. Each compliance cycle has
					 three three-year compliance periods. Within the first compliance cycle, the
					 first compliance period runs from January 1, 1993, to December 31, 1995; the
					 second from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 1998; the third from January 1,
					 1999, to December 31, 2001, and continues every three years thereafter.
"Composite correction program (CCP)"
is a
					 systematic, comprehensive procedure that identifies and corrects the unique
					 combination of factors, in the areas of design, operation, maintenance, and
					 administration, that limit the performance of a filtration plant. The CCP is
					 comprised of two elements: comprehensive performance evaluation, which is the
					 evaluation phase, and comprehensive technical assistance, which is the
					 performance improvement phase.
"Comprehensive performance evaluation
					 (CPE)"
is a thorough review and analysis of a treatment plant's
					 performance-based capabilities and associated administrative, operation and
					 maintenance practices. The CPE is conducted to identify factors that may be
					 adversely impacting a plant's capability to achieve compliance and emphasizes
					 approaches that can be implemented without significant capital improvements.
					 For purposes of compliance with surface water or influenced groundwater
					 treatment plant requirements pursuant to 567-Chapters 41, 42, and 43, the
					 comprehensive performance evaluation must consist of at least the following
					 components: assessment of plant performance; evaluation of major unit
					 processes; identification and prioritization of performance limiting factors;
					 assessment of the applicability of comprehensive technical assistance; and
					 preparation of a CPE report.
"Comprehensive technical assistance (CTA)"
is the performance improvement phase of the composite correction plan that is
					 implemented if the comprehensive performance evaluation results indicate
					 improved performance potential by a filtration plant, in which the system must
					 identify and systematically address plant-specific factors.
"Confluent growth"
means a continuous
					 bacterial growth covering the entire filtration area of a membrane filter, or a
					 portion thereof, in which bacterial colonies are not discrete.
"Consecutive public water supply"
means an
					 active public water supply which purchases or obtains all or a portion of its
					 water from another, separate public water supply, also called a wholesale
					 system. Delivery may be through a direct connection or through the distribution
					 system of one or more consecutive systems.
"Conservation easements"
means an interest
					 in land that entitles a person to use the land possessed by another
					 (affirmative easement), or to restrict uses of the land subject to the easement
					 (negative easement). A conservation easement restricts the landowner to uses
					 that are compatible with resource conservation.
"Contaminant"
means any physical,
					 chemical, biological, or radiological substance or matter in water.
"Contiguous"
means directly adjacent or
					 touching along all or most of one side of a legally defined piece of property.
					 Tracts of land involved in the same operation or water supply and separated
					 only by roads, railroads, or bike trails are deemed contiguous tracts.
"Conventional filtration treatment"
means
					 a series of processes including coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and
					 filtration resulting in substantial particulate removal.
"Corrosion inhibitor"
means a substance
					 capable of reducing the corrosivity of water toward metal plumbing materials,
					 especially lead and copper, by forming a protective film on the interior
					 surface of those materials.
"Corrosive water"
means a water which due
					 to its physical and chemical characteristics may cause leaching or dissolving
					 of the constituents of the transporting system in which it is contained.
"Cross connection"
means any actual or
					 potential connection between a potable water supply and any other source or
					 system through which it is possible to introduce into the potable system any
					 used water, industrial fluid, gas, or other substance other than the intended
					 potable water with which the system is supplied.
"Customers"
in consumer confidence reports
					 are defined as billing units or service connections to which water is delivered
					 by a community water system.
"Deep well"
means a well located and
					 constructed in such a manner that there is a continuous layer of low
					 permeability soil or rock at least 5 feet thick located at least 25 feet below
					 the normal ground surface and above the aquifer from which water is to be
					 drawn.
"Department"
means the Iowa department of
					 natural resources, which has jurisdiction over all nontribal public water
					 systems in Iowa.
"Diatomaceous earth filtration"
means a
					 process resulting in substantial particulate removal in which (1) a precoat
					 cake of diatomaceous earth filter media is deposited on a support membrane
					 (septum), and (2) while the water is filtered by passing through the cake on
					 the septum, additional filter media known as body feed is continuously added to
					 the feed water to maintain the permeability of the filter cake.
"Direct filtration"
means a series of
					 processes including coagulation and filtration but excluding sedimentation
					 resulting in substantial particulate removal.
"Director"
means the director of the Iowa
					 department of natural resources or a designee.
"Disinfectant"
means any oxidant,
					 including but not limited to chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloramines, and ozone
					 added to water in any part of the treatment process or distribution process,
					 that is intended to kill or inactivate pathogenic microorganisms.
"Disinfection"
means a process which
					 inactivates pathogenic organisms in water by chemical oxidants or equivalent
					 agents.
"Disinfection profile"
is a summary of
Giardia lamblia
inactivation through the treatment plant. The
					 procedure for developing a disinfection profile is contained in 567-paragraph
					 43.9(2)
"b"
and 567-subrule 43.10(2).
"Dose equivalent"
means the product of the
					 absorbed dose from ionizing radiation and such factors as account for
					 differences in biological effectiveness due to the type of radiation and its
					 distribution in the body as specified by the International Commission on
					 Radiological Units and Measurements (ICRU).
"Drinking water state revolving fund"
or
"DWSRF"
means the department-administered fund intended to
					 develop drinking water revolving loans to help finance drinking water
					 infrastructure improvements, source water protection, system technical
					 assistance, and other activities intended to encourage and facilitate public
					 water supply system rule compliance and public health protection established by
					 Iowa Code sections
					 455B.291 to
					 455B.299.
"DWSRF funds"
means the combination of a
					 particular fiscal year's federal capitalization grant appropriation plus the 20
					 percent state of Iowa match and any additional funds made available through the
					 program.
"Effective corrosion inhibitor residual"
means a concentration of corrosion inhibitor sufficient to form a passivating
					 film on the interior walls of a pipe.
"Eligible cost"
means the cost of all
					 labor, material, machinery, equipment, loan initiation and loan service fees,
					 project planning, design and construction engineering services, legal fees and
					 expenses directly related to the project, capitalized interest during
					 construction of the project, and all other expansion, construction, and
					 rehabilitation of all or part of a project included in the funding request
					 placed on the draft intended use plan as a fundable project, subject to
					 approval by the commission.
"Enhanced coagulation"
means the addition
					 of sufficient coagulant for improved removal of disinfection byproduct
					 precursors by conventional filtration treatment.
"Enhanced softening"
means the improved
					 removal of disinfection byproduct precursors by precipitative softening.
"Federal cross-cutters"
means the federal
					 laws and authorities that apply to projects funded through the DWSRF.
"Filter profile"
is a graphical
					 representation of individual filter performance, based on continuous turbidity
					 measurements or total particle counts versus time for an entire filter run,
					 from startup to backwash inclusively, that includes an assessment of filter
					 performance while another filter is being backwashed.
"Filtration"
means a process for removing
					 particulate matter from water by passage through a porous media.
"Finished water"
means water that is
					 introduced into the distribution system of a public water system and is
					 intended for distribution and consumption without further treatment, except as
					 treatment necessary to maintain water quality in the distribution system (e.g.,
					 booster disinfection, addition of corrosion chemicals).
"First draw sample"
means a one-liter
					 sample of tap water, collected in accordance with 567-paragraph
					 41.4(1)
"c"
that has been standing in plumbing pipes at least
					 six hours and is collected without flushing the tap.
"Fiscal year"
means the federal fiscal
					 year starting October 1 and ending September 30.
"Flocculation"
means a process to enhance
					 agglomeration or collection of smaller floc particles into larger, more easily
					 settleable particles through gentle stirring by hydraulic or mechanical
					 means.
"Flowing stream"
means a course of running
					 water flowing in a definite channel.
"GAC10"
means granular activated carbon
					 filter beds with an empty-bed contact time of ten minutes based on average
					 daily flow and a carbon reactivation frequency of every 180 days, except that
					 the reactivation frequency for GAC10 is 120 days when used as a best available
					 technology for compliance with the maximum contaminant level locational running
					 annual average for total trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids.
"GAC20"
means granular activated carbon
					 filter beds with an empty-bed contact time of 20 minutes based on average daily
					 flow and a carbon reactivation frequency of every 240 days.
"Gross alpha particle activity"
means the
					 total radioactivity due to alpha particle emission as inferred from
					 measurements on a dry sample.
"Gross beta particle activity"
means the
					 total radioactivity due to beta particle emission as inferred from measurements
					 on a dry sample.
"Haloacetic acids (HAA5)"
means the sum of
					 the concentrations in milligrams per liter of the haloacetic acid compounds
					 (monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid,
					 monobromoacetic acid, and dibromoacetic acid), rounded to two significant
					 figures after addition.
"Halogen"
means one of the chemical
					 elements chlorine, bromine or iodine.
"Health advisory (HA)"
means a group of
					 levels set by EPA below which no harmful health effect is expected from a given
					 contaminant in drinking water. The HAs used by the department are listed in the
					 most current edition of the EPA "Drinking Water Regulations and Health
					 Advisories" bulletin. The lifetime HA is the concentration of a chemical in
					 drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse noncarcinogenic
					 effects over a lifetime of exposure, with a margin of safety. The long-term HA
					 is the concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to
					 cause any adverse noncarcinogenic effects up to approximately seven years (10
					 percent of an individual's lifetime of exposure), with a margin of
					 safety.
"Human consumption"
means water used as
					 part of or in connection with drinking; washing; food processing or incidental
					 to commercial food preparation, such as: water used in beverages or other food
					 items; ice used in drinks or in salad bars; water for washing of vegetables or
					 other food items; water used for washing dishes; pans or utensils used in food
					 preparation or service; water used for cleanup and washing of food preparation
					 or service areas; water for bathing, showering, hand washing, or oral hygiene
					 purposes. Human consumption does not include: water for production of packaged
					 or bulk food products regulated by other state or federal regulatory agencies,
					 such as livestock slaughtering or bottled or canned food and beverages; cooling
					 water; industrial or commercial wash waters used for nonfood products;
					 irrigation water; water used in toilets or urinals.
"Impoundment"
means a reservoir, pond, or
					 lake in which surface water is retained for a period of time, ranging from
					 several months upward, created by constructing a barrier across a watercourse
					 and used for storage, regulation or control of water.
"Influenced groundwater (IGW)"
means any
					 groundwater which is under the direct or indirect influence of surface water,
					 as determined by the presence of (1) significant occurrence of insects or other
					 macroorganisms, algae or large-diameter pathogens such as
Giardia
					 lamblia
or
Cryptosporidium
; or (2) significant and
					 relatively rapid shifts in water characteristics such as turbidity (particulate
					 content), temperature, conductivity, or pH which correlate to climatological or
					 surface water conditions, or other parameters as specified in
					 567-43.5 (455B).
"Initial compliance period"
means the
					 first full three-year compliance period of a compliance cycle.
"Intended use plan (IUP)"
means a plan
					 identifying the intended uses of funds available for loans in the DWSRF for
					 each fiscal year as described in Section 1452 of the Safe Drinking Water
					 Act.
"Lake or reservoir"
means a natural or
					 man-made basin or hollow on the Earth's surface in which water collects or is
					 stored that may or may not have a current or single direction of flow.
"Large water system"
means a water system
					 that serves more than 50,000 persons.
"Lead free,"
when used with respect to
					 solder and flux, refers to solders and flux containing not more than 0.2
					 percent lead; when used with respect to pipes and pipe fittings, refers to
					 pipes and pipe fittings containing not more than 8.0 percent lead; and, when
					 used with respect to plumbing fittings and fixtures intended by the
					 manufacturer to dispense water for human ingestion, refers to fittings and
					 fixtures that are in compliance with standards established in accordance with
					 42 U.S.C.
					 300 -g-6(e).
"Lead service line"
means a service line
					 made of lead which connects the water main to the building inlet and any lead
					 pigtail, gooseneck, or other fitting which is connected to such lead line. A
					 lead gooseneck is not considered a lead service line unless it exceeds 10
					 feet.
"Legionella"
means a genus of bacteria,
					 some species of which have caused a type of pneumonia called legionnaires'
					 disease.
"Level 1 assessment"
means an evaluation
					 to identify the possible presence of sanitary defects, defects in distribution
					 system coliform bacteria monitoring practices, and (when possible) the likely
					 reason that the system triggered the assessment. A Level 1 assessment is
					 conducted by the system operator or owner. Minimum elements of the assessment
					 include review and identification of atypical events that could affect
					 distributed water quality or indicate that distributed water quality was
					 impaired; changes in distribution system maintenance and operation that could
					 affect distributed water quality (including water storage); source and
					 treatment considerations that bear on distributed water quality, where
					 appropriate (e.g., whether a groundwater system is disinfected); existing water
					 quality monitoring data; and inadequacies in sample sites, sampling protocol,
					 and sample processing. The system owner or operator must conduct the assessment
					 consistent with any department directives that tailor specific assessment
					 elements with respect to the size and type of the system and the size, type,
					 and characteristics of the distribution system.
"Level 2 assessment"
means an evaluation
					 to identify the possible presence of sanitary defects, defects in distribution
					 system coliform bacteria monitoring practices, and (when possible) the likely
					 reason that the system triggered the assessment. A Level 2 assessment provides
					 a more detailed examination of the system (including the system's monitoring
					 and operational practices) than does a Level 1 assessment through the use of
					 more comprehensive investigation and review of available information,
					 additional internal and external resources, and other relevant practices. A
					 Level 2 assessment is conducted by a department water supply inspector and will
					 typically include the system operator. Minimum elements of the assessment
					 include review and identification of atypical events that could affect
					 distributed water quality or indicate that distributed water quality was
					 impaired; changes in distribution system maintenance and operation that could
					 affect distributed water quality (including water storage); source and
					 treatment considerations that bear on distributed water quality, where
					 appropriate (e.g., whether a groundwater system is disinfected); existing water
					 quality monitoring data; and inadequacies in sample sites, sampling protocol,
					 and sample processing. The department may tailor specific assessment elements
					 with respect to the size and type of the system and the size, type and
					 characteristics of the distribution system. The system must comply with any
					 expedited actions or additional actions required by the department in the case
					 of an
E. coli
MCL violation.
"Locational running annual average (LRAA)"
means the average of the analytical results for samples taken at a particular
					 monitoring location during the previous four calendar quarters.
"Maintenance"
means the replacement of
					 equipment or materials that are necessary to maintain the operation of the
					 public water supply system but do not alter capacity, water quality or
					 treatment method or effectiveness.
"Man-made beta particle and photon
					 emitters"
means all radionuclides emitting beta particles or photons
					 or both listed in Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible
					 Concentration of Radionuclides in Air or Water for Occupational Exposure, NBS
					 Handbook 69, except the daughter products of thorium-232, uranium-235 and
					 uranium-238.
"Maximum contaminant level"
means the
					 maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water which is delivered to any
					 user of a public water system.
"Maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG)"
means the maximum level of a contaminant in drinking water at which no known or
					 anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons would occur, and which
					 allows an adequate margin of safety. MCLGs are nonenforceable health
					 goals.
"Maximum residual disinfectant level
					 (MRDL)"
means a level of a disinfectant added for water treatment that
					 may not be exceeded at the consumer's tap without an unacceptable possibility
					 of adverse health effects.
"Maximum residual disinfectant level goal
					 (MRDLG)"
means the maximum level of a disinfectant added for water
					 treatment at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of
					 persons would occur, and which allows an adequate margin of safety. MRDLGs are
					 nonenforceable health goals and do not reflect the benefit of the addition of
					 the chemical for control of waterborne microbial contaminants.
"Medium-size water system"
means a water
					 system that serves greater than 3,300 and less than or equal to 50,000
					 persons.
"Membrane filtration"
means a pressure- or
					 vacuum-driven separation process in which particulate matter larger than 1
					 micrometer is rejected by an engineered barrier, primarily through a
					 size-exclusion mechanism, and which has a measurable removal efficiency of a
					 target organism that can be verified through the application of a direct
					 integrity test. This definition includes the common membrane technologies of
					 microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis.
"Nonacute health effect"
means the health
					 effect of a contaminant which is a long-term rather than immediate risk to
					 health.
"Noncommunity water system"
means a public
					 water system that is not a community water system. A noncommunity water system
					 is either a "transient noncommunity water system (TNC)" or a "nontransient
					 noncommunity water system (NTNC)."
"Nontransient noncommunity water system"
or
"NTNC"
means a public water system other than a community
					 water system which regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons four hours
					 or more per day, for four or more days per week, for 26 or more weeks per year.
					 Examples of NTNCs are schools, day-care centers, factories, offices and other
					 public water systems which provide water to a fixed population of 25 or more
					 people. In addition, other service areas, such as hotels, resorts, hospitals
					 and restaurants, are considered as NTNCs if they regularly serve at least 25 or
					 more of the same persons for four or more hours per day, for four or more days
					 per week, for 26 or more weeks of the year.
"Optimal corrosion control treatment"
means the corrosion control treatment that minimizes the lead and copper
					 concentrations at users' taps while ensuring that the treatment does not cause
					 the water system to violate any drinking water standards (567-Chapters 40 to
					 43).
"Performance evaluation sample"
means a
					 reference sample provided to a laboratory for the purpose of demonstrating that
					 a laboratory can successfully analyze the sample within limits of performance
					 specified by the department. The true value of the concentration of the
					 reference material is unknown to the laboratory at the time of analysis.
"Picocurie (pCi)"
means that quantity of
					 radioactive material producing 2.22 nuclear transformations per minute.
"Plant intake"
means the works or
					 structures at the head of a conduit through which water is diverted from a
					 surface water source (e.g., river, reservoir, or lake) into the treatment
					 plant.
"Point of disinfectant application"
is the
					 point where the disinfectant is applied and water downstream of that point is
					 not subject to recontamination by surface water runoff.
"Point-of-entry treatment device (POE)"
is
					 a treatment device applied to the drinking water entering a house or building
					 for the purpose of reducing contaminants in the drinking water distributed
					 throughout the house or building.
"Point-of-use treatment device (POU)"
is a
					 treatment device applied to a single tap or multiple taps used for the purpose
					 of reducing contaminants in drinking water at those taps, but is not intended
					 to treat all of the water in the facility.
"Population served"
means the total number
					 of persons served by a public water supply that provides water intended for
					 human consumption. For municipalities which serve only the population within
					 their incorporated boundaries, it is the last official U.S. census population
					 (or officially amended census population). For all other community public water
					 supply systems, it is either the actual population counted which is verifiable
					 by the department, or population as calculated by multiplying the number of
					 service connections by an occupancy factor of 2.5 persons per service
					 connection. For municipalities which also serve outside their incorporated
					 boundaries, the served population must be added to the official census
					 population determined either by verifiable count or by the 2.5 persons per
					 service connection occupancy factor. For nontransient noncommunity (NTNC) and
					 transient noncommunity (TNC) systems, it is the average number of daily
					 employees plus the average number of other persons served such as customers or
					 visitors during the peak month of the year regardless if each person actually
					 uses the water for human consumption. Where a system provides water to another
					 public water supply system (consecutive public water supply system) which is
					 required to have an operation permit, the population of the recipient water
					 supply shall not be counted as a part of the water system providing the water.
					 Community and nontransient noncommunity public water supply systems will pay
					 their operation permit fees based upon the population served.
"Presedimentation"
means a preliminary
					 treatment process used to remove gravel, sand, and other particulate material
					 from the source water through settling before the water enters the primary
					 clarification and filtration processes in a treatment plant.
"Privy"
means a structure used for the
					 deposition of human body wastes.
"Project"
includes the planning, design,
					 construction, alteration or extension of any public water supply system but
					 does not include the maintenance of a system.
"Project priority list"
means the list of
					 projects in priority order that may qualify for DWSRF loan assistance contained
					 in the IUP document prepared pursuant to rule
					 567-44.8 (455B). The priority
					 list shall identify all projects eligible for funding and the points assigned
					 to each project pursuant to 567-subrule 44.7(7).
"Public water supply system control"
is
					 defined as one of the following forms of authority over a service line:
					 authority to set standards for construction, repair, or maintenance of the
					 service line; authority to replace, repair, or maintain the service line; or
					 ownership of the line. Contaminants added to the water under circumstances
					 controlled by the water consumer or user, with the exception of those
					 contaminants resulting from the corrosion of piping and plumbing caused by
					 water quality, are excluded from this definition of control.
"Public water supply system (PWS)"
means a
					 system for the provision to the public of water for human consumption through
					 pipes or other constructed conveyances, if such system has at least 15 service
					 connections or regularly serves an average of at least 25 individuals daily at
					 least 60 days out of the year. Such term includes: any collection, treatment,
					 storage, and distribution facilities under control of the operator of such
					 system and used primarily in connection with such system; and any collection or
					 pretreatment storage facilities not under such control which are used primarily
					 in connection with such system. Such term does not include any "special
					 irrigation district." A public water system is either a "community water
					 system" or a "noncommunity water system."
"Regional water system"
means a public
					 water supply system in which the projected number of service connections in at
					 least 50 percent of the length of the distribution system does not average more
					 than eight service connections per linear mile of water main.
"Rem"
means the unit of dose equivalent
					 from ionizing radiation to the total body or any internal organ or organ
					 system. A "millirem" (mrem) is 1/1000 of a rem.
"Repeat compliance period"
means any
					 subsequent compliance period after the initial compliance period.
"Residual disinfectant concentration"
("C"
					 in CT calculations) means the concentration of disinfectant measured in mg/l in
					 a representative sample of water.
"Sanitary defect"
means a defect that
					 could provide a pathway of entry for microbial contamination into the
					 distribution system or that is indicative of a failure or imminent failure in a
					 barrier that is already in place.
"Sanitary sewer pipe"
means a sewer
					 complying with the department's standards for sewer construction.
"Sanitary survey"
means a review and
					 on-site inspection conducted by the department of the water source, facilities,
					 equipment, operation and maintenance and records of a public water supply
					 system for the purpose of evaluating the adequacy of such source, facilities,
					 equipment, operation and maintenance for producing and distributing safe
					 drinking water and identifying improvements necessary to maintain or improve
					 drinking water quality, pursuant to 567-subrule 43.1(7).
"SDWA"
means the Safe Drinking Water
					 Act.
"Seasonal system"
means a noncommunity
					 water system that is not operated as a public water system on a year-round
					 basis and starts up and shuts down at the beginning and end of each operating
					 season.
"Sedimentation"
means a water treatment
					 process for removal of solid particles from a suspension before filtration by
					 gravity or separation.
"Septic tank"
means a watertight structure
					 into which wastewater is discharged for solids separation and digestion.
"Service connections"
means the total
					 number of active and inactive service lines originating from a water
					 distribution main for the purpose of delivering water intended for human
					 consumption. For municipalities, rural water districts, mobile home parks,
					 housing developments, and similar facilities, this includes, but is not limited
					 to, occupied and unoccupied residences and buildings, provided that there is a
					 service line connected to the water main (or another service line), and running
					 onto the property. For rental properties which are separate public water supply
					 systems, this includes, but is not limited to, the number of rental units such
					 as apartments. Connections to a system that delivers water by a constructed
					 conveyance other than a pipe are excluded from the definition, if:
1. The water is used exclusively for purposes other than
					 human consumption;
2. The department determines that alternative water to
					 achieve the equivalent level of public health protection provided by the
					 applicable national primary drinking water regulation is provided for human
					 consumption; or
3. The department determines that the water provided for
					 human consumption is centrally treated or treated at the point of entry by the
					 provider, a pass-through entity, or the user to achieve the equivalent level of
					 protection provided by the applicable national primary drinking water
					 regulations.
"Service line sample"
means a one-liter
					 sample of water, collected in accordance with 567-paragraph
					 41.4(1)
"c"
for the purpose of determining the concentration of
					 lead and copper which has been standing for at least six hours in a service
					 line.
"Shallow well"
means a well located and
					 constructed in such a manner that there is not a continuous layer of low
					 permeability soil or rock (or equivalent retarding mechanism acceptable to the
					 department) at least 5 feet thick, the top of which is located at least 25 feet
					 below the normal ground surface and above the aquifer from which water is to be
					 drawn.
"Significant deficiency"
includes a defect
					 in design, operation, or maintenance, or a failure or malfunction of the
					 sources, treatment, storage, or distribution system that the department
					 determines to be causing, or has the potential for causing the introduction of
					 contamination into the water delivered to consumers.
"Significant noncompliance"
means the
					 failure to comply with any national primary drinking water standard as adopted
					 by the state of Iowa according to criteria established by the administrator of
					 the federal Environmental Protection Agency.
"Single-family structure"
means a building
					 constructed as a single-family residence that is currently used as either a
					 residence or a place of business.
"Slow sand filtration"
means a process
					 involving passage of raw water through a bed of sand at low velocity (generally
					 less than 0.4 m/h (0.02 ft/min)) resulting in substantial particulate removal
					 by physical and biological mechanisms.
"Small water system"
means a water system
					 that serves 3,300 persons or fewer.
"Special irrigation district"
means an
					 irrigation district in existence prior to May 18, 1994, that provides primarily
					 agricultural service through a piped water system with only incidental
					 residential or similar use where the system or the residential or similar users
					 of the system comply with numbered paragraphs "2" and "3" in the definition of
					 "service connections."
"Standard methods"
means "Standard Methods
					 for the Examination of Water and Wastewater," American Public Health
					 Association, 1015 15th Street N.W., Washington, DC 20005.
"Standard sample"
means the aliquot of
					 finished drinking water that is examined for the presence of coliform
					 bacteria.
"Standard specifications"
means
					 specifications submitted to the department for use as a reference in reviewing
					 future plans for proposed water main construction.
"Supplier of water"
means any person who
					 owns or operates a public water supply system.
"Surface water"
means all water which is
					 open to the atmosphere and subject to surface runoff.
"SUVA"
means Specific Ultraviolet
					 Absorption at 254 nanometers (nm), an indicator of the humic content of water.
					 It is a calculated parameter obtained by dividing a sample's ultraviolet
					 absorption at a wavelength of 254 nm (in m-1) by its
					 concentration of dissolved organic carbon (in mg/L).
"Ten States Standards"
means the
					 "Recommended Standards for Water Works," 2012 edition as adopted by the Great
					 Lakes-Upper Mississippi River Board of State and Provincial Public Health and
					 Environmental Managers.
"Too numerous to count"
means that the
					 total number of bacterial colonies exceeds 200 on a 47-mm diameter membrane
					 filter used for coliform detection.
"Total organic carbon (TOC)"
means total
					 organic carbon in milligrams per liter, measured using heat, oxygen,
					 ultraviolet irradiation, chemical oxidants, or combinations of these oxidants
					 that convert organic carbon to carbon dioxide, rounded to two significant
					 figures.
"Total trihalomethanes (TTHM)"
means the
					 sum of the concentration in milligrams per liter of the trihalomethane
					 compounds trichloromethane (chloroform), dibromochloromethane,
					 bromodichloromethane and tribromomethane (bromoform), rounded to two
					 significant figures.
"Transient noncommunity water system
					 (TNC)"
means a noncommunity water system that does not regularly serve
					 at least 25 of the same persons over six months per calendar year.
"Treatment technique (TT)"
means a
					 treatment process required to minimize the level of a contaminant in drinking
					 water. A treatment technique is specified in cases where it is not technically
					 or economically feasible to establish an MCL, and it is an enforceable
					 procedure or level of technological performance which public water systems must
					 follow to ensure control of a contaminant.
"Trihalomethane (THM)"
means one of the
					 family of organic compounds, named as derivatives of methane, wherein three of
					 the four hydrogen atoms in methane are each substituted by a halogen atom in
					 the molecular structure.
"Two-stage lime softening"
means a process
					 in which chemical addition and hardness precipitation occur in each of two
					 distinct unit clarification processes in series prior to filtration.
"Uncovered finished water storage
					 facility"
means a tank, reservoir, or other facility used to store
					 water that will undergo no further treatment to reduce microbial pathogens
					 except residual disinfection and is directly open to the atmosphere. Such
					 facilities are prohibited.
"Unregulated contaminant"
means a
					 contaminant for which no MCL has been set, but which does have federal
					 monitoring requirements for certain public water systems set forth in CFR Title
					 40, Part 141.40, and additional reporting requirements in rule
					 567-42.3 (455B).
"Viability"
means the technical,
					 financial, and managerial ability to comply with applicable national primary
					 drinking water standards as adopted by the state of Iowa. Viability is the
					 ability of a system to remain in compliance insofar as the requirements of the
					 SDWA.
"Virus"
means a virus of fecal origin
					 which is infectious to humans by waterborne transmission.
"Waterborne disease outbreak"
means the
					 significant occurrence of acute infectious illness, epidemiologically
					 associated with the ingestion of water from a public water system which is
					 deficient in treatment, as determined by the Iowa department of public
					 health.
"Water distribution system"
means that
					 portion of the water supply system in which water is conveyed from the water
					 treatment plant or other supply point to the premises of the consumer,
					 including any storage facilities and pumping stations.
"Water main pipe"
means a water main
					 complying with the department's standards for water main construction.
"Wholesale system"
means a public water
					 system that treats source water as necessary to produce finished water and then
					 delivers some or all of that finished water to another public water system.
					 Delivery may be through a direct connection or through the distribution system
					 of one or more consecutive systems.