Code of Maine Rules › 10 - DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES › 144 - DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES - GENERAL › Chapter 220 - Rules Relating to Radiation Protection › Part E - RADIATION SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS › Subpart A - GENERAL PROVISIONS › Section 144-220-E-A-3 - Definitions

Current through 2024-29, July 17, 2024
As used in this Part, the following definitions
						apply:
Annual refresher safety training
means a
						review conducted or provided by the licensee for it employees on radiation
						safety aspects of industrial radiography. The review may include, as
						appropriate, the results of internal inspections, new procedures or equipment,
						new or revised regulations, accidents or errors that have been observed, and
						should also provide opportunities for employees to ask safety questions.
Associated equipment
means equipment that is
						used in conjunction with a radiographic exposure device to make radiographic
						exposures that drives, guides, or comes in contact with the source, (e.g. guide
						tube, control tube, control (drive) cable, removable source stop, J tube and
						collimator when it is used as an exposure head).
Cabinet x-ray system
means an x-ray system
						with the x-ray tube installed in an enclosure independent of existing
						architectural structures except the floor on which it may be placed. An x-ray
						tube used within a shielded part of a building, or x-ray equipment that may
						temporarily or occasionally incorporate portable shielding, is not considered a
						cabinet x-ray system. The cabinet x-ray system is intended to:
(a) Contain at least that portion of a
					 material being irradiated;
(b)
					 Provide radiation attenuation; and
(c) Exclude personnel from its interior
					 during generation of radiation.
Certifiable cabinet x-ray system
means an
						existing uncertified x-ray system that has been modified to meet the
						certification requirements specified in 21 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).
Certification identification (ID) card
means
						the document issued by the Agency to individuals who have completed the
						requirements stated in E.16.B.
Certified cabinet x-ray system
means an
						x-ray system that has been certified in accordance with
						21 CFR
						1010.2 as being manufactured and assembled on
						or after April 10, 1975, according to the provisions of
						21 CFR
						1020.40.
Certifying entity
means an independent
						certifying organization whose certification program has been reviewed and found
						to meet the requirements in Appendix A of 10 CFR Part 34 for radioactive
						materials and/or equivalent requirements for x-ray, or an Agreement State
						meeting the same requirements.
Collimator
means a radiation shield that is
						placed on the end of the guide tube or directly onto a radiographic exposure
						device to restrict the size of the radiation beam when the sealed source is
						cranked into position to make a radiographic exposure.
Control (drive) cable
means the cable that
						is connected to the source assembly and used to drive the source to and from
						the exposure location to return it to the shielded position.
Control drive mechanism
- see crank out
						device.
Control tube
means a protective sheath for
						guiding the control cable. The control tube connects the control drive
						mechanism to the radiographic exposure device.
Crank-out device
means the drive cable,
						control tube, and drive mechanism used to move the sealed source to and from
						the shielded position to make an industrial radiographic exposure.
Enclosed radiography
means industrial
						radiography conducted in an enclosed cabinet or room. Enclosed radiography
						includes shielded-room radiography.
Exposure head
means a device that locates
						the gamma radiography sealed source in the selected working position. (An
						exposure head is also known as a source stop).
Fluoroscopic imaging assembly
means a
						subsystem in which x-ray photons produce a fluoroscopic image. It includes the
						image receptors such as the image intensifier and spot-film device, electrical
						interlocks, if any, and structural material providing linkage between the image
						receptor and source assembly.
Guide tube (Projection sheath)
means a
						flexible or rigid tube (e.g. J tube) for guiding the source assembly and the
						attached control cable from the exposure device to the exposure head. The guide
						tube may also include the connections necessary for attachment to the exposure
						device and to the exposure head.
Hands-on experience
mean experience in all of
						those areas considered to be directly involved in the radiography process. This
						is also known as on-the-job training. The hours of on-the-job training do not
						include safety meetings, classroom training, travel, darkroom activities, film
						development and interpretation, or use of a cabinet x-ray unit.
Independent certifying organization
means an
						independent organization that meets all of the criteria of Appendix A of 10 CFR
						Part 34 for radioactive materials, or comparable standards for x-ray.
Industrial radiography
means an examination
						of the structure of materials by nondestructive methods, utilizing ionizing
						radiation to produce radiographic images.
Lay-barge radiography
means industrial
						radiography performed on any water vessel used for laying pipe.
Lock-out survey
means a radiation survey
						performed to determine that a sealed source is in its fully shielded position
						before moving the radiographic exposure device or source changer to a different
						temporary job site or before securing the radiographic exposure device or
						source changer against unauthorized removal.
Offshore platform radiography
means
						industrial radiography conducted from a platform over a body of water.
Permanent radiographic installation
means an
						enclosed shielded room, cell, or vault, not located at a temporary jobsite, in
						which radiography is performed and meets the criteria of E.12.
Personal supervision
means supervision in
						which the radiographer trainer is physically present at the site where sources
						of radiation, associated equipment, and survey meters are being used, watching
						the performance of the radiographer assistant and in such proximity that
						immediate assistance can be given if required.
Pipeliner
means a directional beam
						radiographic exposure device.
Practical examination
means a demonstration
						through practical application of the safety rules and principles in industrial
						radiography including use of all appropriate equipment and procedures.
Radiation safety officer (RSO) for industrial
						radiography
means an individual with responsibility for the overall
						radiation safety program on behalf of the licensee or registrant and who meets
						the requirements of E.15.A of this section.
Radiographer
means any individual who
						performs or who, in attendance at the site where a sealed source or sources are
						being used, personally supervises industrial radiographic operations and who is
						responsible to the licensee or registrant for assuring compliance with the
						requirements of the Agency's regulations and conditions of the license or
						certificate of registration.
Radiographer's assistant
means any
						individual who under the direct supervision of a radiographer, uses
						radiographic exposure devices, sealed sources or related handling tools, or
						radiation survey instruments in industrial radiography.
Radiographer certification
means written
						approval received from a certifying entity stating that an individual has
						satisfactorily met certain established radiation safety, testing, and
						experience criteria.
Radiographic exposure device (also called a camera,
						or a projector)
means any instrument containing a sealed source fastened
						or contained therein, in which the sealed source or shielding thereof may be
						moved, or otherwise changed, from a shielded to unshielded position for
						purposes of making a radiographic exposure.
Radiographic operations
means all activities
						associated with the presence of x-ray machines or radioactive sources in a
						radiographic exposure device during the use of the machine or device or
						transport (except when being transported by a common or contract transport).
						Radiographic operations include surveys to confirm the adequacy of boundaries,
						setting up equipment, and any activity inside restricted area
						boundaries.
Radiographic personnel
means any
						radiographer or radiographer assistant.
Residential location
means any area where
						structures in which people lodge or live are located, and the grounds on which
						such structures are located including, but not limited to, houses, apartments,
						condominiums, and garages.
S-tube
means a tube through which the
						radioactive source travels when inside a radiographic exposure device.
Shielded position
means the location within
						the radiographic exposure device or source changer where the sealed source is
						secured and restricted from movement.
Shielded-room radiography
means industrial
						radiography conducted in a room so shielded that radiation levels at every
						location on the exterior meet the limitations specified in Part D of this rule.
						A shielded room is also known as a bay or bunker.
Source assembly (pigtail)
means an assembly
						that consists of the sealed source and a connector that attaches the source to
						the control cable. The source assembly may also include a stop ball used to
						secure the source in the shielded position.
Source changer
means a device designed and
						used for replacement of the sealed sources in radiographic exposure devices,
						including those also used for transporting and storage of sealed
						sources.
Underwater radiography
means industrial
						radiography performed when the radiographic exposure device and/or related
						equipment are beneath the surface of the water.