Iowa Administrative Code › Agency 567 - Environmental Protection Commission › Title II - Air Quality › Division B › Chapter 42 - Public Notification, Public Education, Consumer Confidence Reports, Reporting, and Record Maintenance › Appendix C - Regulated Contaminants Table for Consumer Confidence Report

Current through Register Vol. 47, No. 3, July 24, 2024
Key
AL
Action Level
MCL
Maximum Contaminant Level
MCLG
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
MFL
million fibers per liter
MRDL
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level
MRDLG
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal
mrem/year
millirems per year (a measure of radiation
								  absorbed by the body)
n/a
not applicable
NTU
nephelometric turbidity units (a measure of water
								  clarity)
pCi/L
picocuries per liter (a measure of
								  radioactivity)
ppb
parts per billion, or micrograms per liter
								  (ug/L)
ppm
parts per million, or milligrams per liter
								  (mg/L)
ppq
parts per quadrillion, or picograms per liter
								  (pg/L)
ppt
parts per trillion, or nanograms per liter
								  (ng/L)
TT
Treatment Technique
Contaminant (CCR units)
MCL, in mg/L
To convert
for CCR,
multiply by
MCL in CCR units
MCLG in CCR units
Major sources in drinking water
Health effects language
Microbiological Contaminants
Total coliform bacteria
TT
TT
n/a
Naturally present in the environment
Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present
								  in the environment and are used as an indicator that other, potentially
								  harmful, waterborne pathogens may be present or that a potential pathway exists
								  through which contamination may enter the drinking water distribution
								  system.
E. coli
Routine and
repeat samples
are total
coliform-
positive and
either is
E.coli
-positive,
or system
fails to take
repeat samples
following
E. coli
-positive
routine
sample, or
system fails to
analyze total
coliform-
positive repeat
sample for
E. coli
Routine and
repeat samples
are total
coliform-
positive and
either is
E.coli
-positive,
or system
fails to take
repeat samples
following
E. coli
-positive
routine
sample, or
system fails to
analyze total
coliform-
positive repeat
sample for
E. coli
0
Human and animal fecal waste
E. coli
are bacteria whose
								  presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal
								  wastes. Human pathogens in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such as
								  diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a greater
								  health risk for infants, young children, the elderly, and people with severely
								  compromised immune systems.
Fecal indicators (enterococci or
								  coliphage)
TT
TT
n/a
Human and animal fecal waste
Fecal indicators are microbes whose presence
								  indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes.
								  Microbes in these wastes can cause short-term health effects, such as diarrhea,
								  cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health
								  risk for infants, young children, some of the elderly, and people with severely
								  compromised immune systems.
Disinfection Byproduct Precursor Removal
								  Requirements for Surface & Influenced Groundwater Systems
Total organic carbon (ppm)
TT
TT
n/a
Naturally present in the environment
Total organic carbon (TOC) has no health effects.
								  However, total organic carbon provides a medium for the formation of
								  disinfection byproducts. These byproducts include trihalomethanes (THMs) and
								  haloacetic acids (HAAs). Drinking water containing these byproducts in excess
								  of the MCL may lead to adverse health effects, liver, or kidney problems, or
								  nervous system effects, and may lead to an increased risk of getting
								  cancer.
Surface Water & Influenced Groundwater System
								  Treatment Requirements
Turbidity (NTU)
TT
TT
n/a
Soil runoff
Turbidity has no health effects. However,
								  turbidity can interfere with disinfection and provide a medium for microbial
								  growth. Turbidity may indicate the presence of disease-causing organisms. These
								  organisms include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasites that can cause
								  symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches, and can
								  lead to death.
Surface water/IGW system treatment technique
								  requirements: CT ratio; residual disinfectant; log removal/inactivation of
Giardia,
viruses, and
Cryptosporidium;
or
								  filter backwash recycling
TT
TT
n/a
Soil runoff
Inadequately treated water may contain
								  disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, protozoa,
								  and parasites, which can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and
								  associated headaches, and can lead to death.
Radionuclide Contaminants
Gross alpha emitters (pCi/L)
15 pCi/L
15
0
Erosion of natural deposits
Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit a
								  form of radiation known as alpha radiation. Some people who drink water
								  containing alpha emitters in excess of the MCL over many years may have an
								  increased risk of getting cancer.
Beta/photon emitters (mrem/yr)
4 mrem/yr
4
0
Decay of natural and man-made deposits
Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit
								  forms of radiation known as photons and beta radiation. Some people who drink
								  water containing beta and photon emitters in excess of the MCL over many years
								  may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Radium, combined 226 and 228 (pCi/L)
5 pCi/L
5
0
Erosion of natural deposits
Some people who drink water containing radium 226
								  or 228 in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of
								  getting cancer.
Uranium (ug/L)
30 ug/L (footnote 2)
30
0
Erosion of natural deposits
Some people who drink water containing uranium in
								  excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer
								  and kidney toxicity.
Inorganic Contaminants
Antimony (ppb)
0.006
1000
6
6
Discharge from petroleum refineries; fire
								  retardants; ceramics; electronics; solder
Some people who drink water containing antimony
								  well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience increases in blood
								  cholesterol and decreases in blood sugar.
Arsenic (ppb)3
0.0103
1000
103
03
Erosion of natural deposits; runoff from
								  orchards; runoff from glass and electronics production wastes
Some people who drink water containing arsenic in
								  excess of the MCL over many years could experience skin damage or problems with
								  their circulatory system, and may have an increased risk of getting
								  cancer.
Asbestos (MFL)
7 MFL
7
7
Decay of asbestos cement water mains; erosion of
								  natural deposits
Some people who drink water containing asbestos
								  in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of developing
								  benign intestinal polyps.
Barium (ppm)
2
2
2
Discharge of drilling wastes; discharge from
								  metal refineries; erosion of natural deposits
Some people who drink water containing barium in
								  excess of the MCL over many years could experience an increase in their blood
								  pressure.
Beryllium (ppb)
0.004
1000
4
4
Discharge from metal refineries and coal-burning
								  factories; discharge from electrical, aerospace, and defense industries
Some people who drink water containing beryllium
								  well in excess of the MCL over many years could develop intestinal
								  lesions.
Bromate (ppb)
0.010
1000
10
0
Byproduct of drinking water disinfection
Some people who drink water containing bromate in
								  excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting
								  cancer.
Cadmium (ppb)
0.005
1000
5
5
Corrosion of galvanized pipes; erosion of natural
								  deposits; discharge from metal refineries; runoff from waste batteries and
								  paints
Some people who drink water containing cadmium in
								  excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage.
Chloramines (ppm)
MRDL = 4.0
MRDL = 4.0
MRDLG = 4.0
Water additive used to control microbes
Some people who use water containing chloramines
								  well in excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes
								  and nose. Some people who drink water containing chloramines well in excess of
								  the MRDL could experience stomach discomfort or anemia.
Chlorine (ppm)
MRDL = 4.0
MRDL = 4.0
MRDLG = 4.0
Water additive used to control microbes
Some people who use water containing chlorine
								  well in excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes
								  and nose. Some people who drink water containing chlorine well in excess of the
								  MRDL could experience stomach discomfort.
Chlorine dioxide (ppb)
MRDL = 0.8
1000
MRDL = 800
MRDLG = 800
Water additive used to control microbes
Some infants and young children who drink water
								  containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL could experience nervous
								  system effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who
								  drink water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL. Some people may
								  experience anemia.
Chlorite (ppm)
1.0
1.0
0.8
Byproduct of drinking water disinfection
Some infants and young children who drink water
								  containing chlorite in excess of the MCL could experience nervous system
								  effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water
								  containing chlorite in excess of the MCL. Some people may experience
								  anemia.
Chromium (ppb)
0.1
1000
100
100
Discharge from steel and pulp mills; erosion of
								  natural deposits
Some people who use water containing chromium
								  well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience allergic
								  dermatitis.
Copper (ppm)
AL= 1.3
AL = 1.3
1.3
Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion
								  of natural deposits
Copper is an essential nutrient, but some people
								  who drink water containing copper in excess of the action level over a
								  relatively short amount of time could experience gastrointestinal distress.
								  Some people who drink water containing copper in excess of the action level
								  over many years could suffer liver or kidney damage. People with Wilson's
								  Disease should consult their personal doctor.
Cyanide (ppb)
0.2
1000
200
200
Discharge from steel, metal, plastic, and
								  fertilizer factories
Some people who drink water containing cyanide
								  well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience nerve damage or
								  problems with their thyroid.
Fluoride (ppm)
4.0
4.0
4.0
Erosion of natural deposits; water additive which
								  promotes strong teeth; discharge from fertilizer and aluminum factories
Some people who drink water containing fluoride
								  in excess of the MCL over many years could get bone disease, including pain and
								  tenderness of the bones. Fluoride in drinking water at half the MCL (2.0 ppm)
								  or more may cause mottling of children's teeth, usually in children less than
								  nine years of age. Mottling, also known as dental fluorosis, may include brown
								  staining or pitting of the teeth, and occurs only in the developing teeth
								  before they erupt from the gums.
Lead(ppb)
AL = 0.015
1000
AL= 15
0
Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion
								  of natural deposits
Infants and children who drink water containing
								  lead in excess of the action level could experience delays in their physical or
								  mental development. Children could show slight deficits in attention span and
								  learning abilities. Adults who drink this water over many years could develop
								  kidney problems or high blood pressure.
Mercury, inorganic (ppb)
0.002
1000
2
2
Erosion of natural deposits; discharge from
								  refineries and factories; runoff from landfills; runoff from cropland
Some people who drink water containing inorganic
								  mercury well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney
								  damage.
Nitrate, as N (ppm)
10
10
10
Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic
								  tanks or sewage; erosion of natural deposits
Infants below the age of six months who drink
								  water containing nitrate in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and,
								  if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby
								  syndrome.
Nitrite, as N (ppm)
1.0
1.0
1.0
Conversion of ammonia; runoff from fertilizer
								  use; leaching from septic tanks or sewage; erosion of natural deposits
Infants below the age of six months who drink
								  water containing nitrite in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and,
								  if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby
								  syndrome.
Selenium (ppb)
0.05
1000
50
50
Discharge from petroleum and metal refineries;
								  erosion of natural deposits; discharge from mines
Selenium is an essential nutrient. However, some
								  people who drink water containing selenium in excess of the MCL over many years
								  could experience hair or fingernail losses, numbness in fingers or toes, or
								  problems with their circulation.
Thallium (ppb)
0.002
1000
2
0.5
Leaching from ore-processing sites; discharge
								  from electronics, glass, and drug factories
Some people who drink water containing thallium
								  in excess of the MCL over many years could experience hair loss, change in
								  their blood, or problems with their kidneys, intestines, or liver.
Synthetic Organic Contaminants
2,4-D (ppb)
0.07
1000
70
70
Runoff from herbicide used on row crops
Some people who drink water containing the weed
								  killer 2,4-D well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
								  problems with their kidneys, liver, or adrenal glands.
2,4,5-TP Silvex (ppb)
0.05
1000
50
50
Residue of banned herbicide
Some people who drink water containing Silvex in
								  excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver problems.
Acrylamide
TT
TT
0
Added to water during sewage/ wastewater
								  treatment
Some people who drink water containing high
								  levels of acrylamide over a long period of time could have problems with their
								  nervous system or blood, and may have an increased risk of getting
								  cancer.
Alachlor (ppb)
0.002
1000
2
0
Runoff from herbicide used on row crops
Some people who drink water containing alachlor
								  in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their eyes,
								  liver, kidneys, or spleen, or experience anemia, and may have an increased risk
								  of getting cancer.
Atrazine (ppb)
0.003
1000
3
3
Runoff from herbicide used on row crops
Some people who drink water containing atrazine
								  well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their
								  cardiovascular system or reproductive difficulties.
Benzo(a)pyrene, PAH (ppt)
0.0002
1,000,000
200
0
Leaching from linings of water storage tanks and
								  distribution lines
Some people who drink water containing
								  benzo(a)pyrene in excess of the MCL over many years may experience reproductive
								  difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Carbofuran (ppb)
0.04
1000
40
40
Leaching of soil fumigant used on rice and
								  alfalfa
Some people who drink water containing carbofuran
								  in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their
								  blood, or nervous or reproductive systems.
Chlordane (ppb)
0.002
1000
2
0
Residue of banned termiticide
Some people who drink water containing chlordane
								  in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver
								  or nervous system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Dalapon (ppb)
0.2
1000
200
200
Runoff from herbicide used on rights of
								  way
Some people who drink water containing dalapon
								  well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience minor kidney
								  changes.
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (Ppb)
0.4
1000
400
400
Discharge from chemical factories
Some people who drink water containing
								  di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate well in excess of the MCL over many years could
								  experience toxic effects such as weight loss, liver enlargement, or possible
								  reproductive difficulties.
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (Ppb)
0.006
1000
6
0
Discharge from rubber and chemical
								  factories
Some people who drink water containing
								  di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate well in excess of the MCL over many years may have
								  problems with their liver, or experience reproductive difficulties, and may
								  have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Dibromochloropropane [DBCP] (ppt)
0.0002
1,000,000
200
0
Runoff leaching from soil fumigant used on
								  soybeans, cotton, pineapples, and orchards
Some people who drink water containing DBCP in
								  excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive problems and
								  may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Dinoseb (ppb)
0.007
1000
7
7
Runoff from herbicide used on soybeans and
								  vegetables
Some people who drink water containing dinoseb
								  well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive
								  difficulties.
Diquat (ppb)
0.02
1000
20
20
Runoff from herbicide use
Some people who drink water containing diquat in
								  excess of the MCL over many years could get cataracts.
Dioxin [2,3,7,8-TCDD]
(ppq)
0.00000003
1,000,000,000
30
0
Emissions from waste incineration and other
								  combustion; discharge from chemical factories
Some people who drink water containing dioxin in
								  excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties
								  and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Endothall (ppb)
0.1
1000
100
100
Runoff from herbicide use
Some people who drink water containing endothall
								  in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their
								  stomach or intestines.
Endrin (ppb)
0.002
1000
2
2
Residue of banned insecticide
Some people who drink water containing endrin in
								  excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver problems.
Epichlorohydrin
TT
TT
0
Discharge from industrial chemical factories; an
								  impurity of some water treatment chemicals
Some people who drink water containing high
								  levels of epichlorohydrin over a long period of time could experience stomach
								  problems, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Ethylene dibromide (ppt)
0.0005
1,000,000
50
0
Discharge from petroleum refineries
Some people who drink water containing ethylene
								  dibromide in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with
								  their liver, stomach, reproductive system or kidneys, and may have an increased
								  risk of getting cancer.
Glyphosate (ppb)
0.7
1000
700
700
Runoff from herbicide use
Some people who drink water containing glyphosate
								  in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their
								  kidneys or reproductive difficulties.
Haloacetic Acids (HAA) (Ppb)
0.060
1000
60
(footnote 4)
Byproduct of drinking water disinfection
Some people who drink water containing haloacetic
								  acids in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of
								  getting cancer.
Heptachlor (ppt)
0.0004
1,000,000
400
0
Residue of banned pesticide
Some people who drink water containing heptachlor
								  in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage and may have
								  an increased risk of getting cancer.
Heptachlor epoxide (ppt)
0.0002
1,000,000
200
0
Breakdown of heptachlor
Some people who drink water containing heptachlor
								  epoxide in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage, and
								  may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Hexachlorobenzene (ppb)
0.001
1000
1
0
Discharge from metal refineries and agricultural
								  chemical factories
Some people who drink water containing
								  hexachlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
								  problems with their liver or kidneys, or adverse reproductive effects, and may
								  have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (Ppb)
0.05
1000
50
50
Discharge from chemical factories
Some people who drink water containing
								  hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in excess of the MCL over many years could
								  experience problems with their kidneys or stomach.
Lindane (ppt)
0.0002
1,000,000
200
200
Runoff leaching from insecticide used on cattle,
								  lumber, gardens
Some people who drink water containing lindane in
								  excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys
								  or liver.
Methoxychlor (ppb)
0.04
1000
40
40
Runoff leaching from insecticide used on fruits,
								  vegetables, alfalfa, livestock
Some people who drink water containing
								  methoxychlor in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive
								  difficulties.
Oxamyl [Vydate] (ppb)
0.2
1000
200
200
Runoff leaching from insecticide used on apples,
								  potatoes, and tomatoes
Some people who drink water containing oxamyl in
								  excess of the MCL over many years could experience slight nervous system
								  effects.
PCBs [polychlorinated byphenyls] (ppt)
0.0005
1,000,000
500
0
Runoff from landfills; discharge of waste
								  chemicals
Some people who drink water containing PCBs in
								  excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their skin,
								  problems with their thymus gland, immune deficiencies, or reproductive or
								  nervous system difficulties, and may have an increased risk of getting
								  cancer.
Pentachlorophenol (ppb)
0.001
1000
1
0
Discharge from wood preserving factories
Some people who drink water containing
								  pentachlorophenol in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
								  problems with their liver or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting
								  cancer.
Picloram (ppb)
0.5
1000
500
500
Herbicide runoff
Some people who drink water containing picloram
								  in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their
								  liver.
Simazine (ppb)
0.004
1000
4
4
Herbicide runoff
Some people who drink water containing simazine
								  in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their
								  blood.
Toxaphene(ppb)
0.003
1000
3
0
Runoff/ leaching from insecticide used on cotton
								  and cattle
Some people who drink water containing toxaphene
								  in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their kidneys,
								  liver, or thyroid, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Volatile Organic Contaminants
Benzene(ppb)
0.005
1000
5
0
Discharge from factories; leaching from gasoline
								  storage tanks and landfills
Some people who drink water containing benzene in
								  excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia or a decrease in
								  blood platelets, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Carbon tetrachloride (ppb)
0.005
1000
5
0
Discharge from chemical plants and other
								  industrial activities
Some people who drink water containing carbon
								  tetrachloride in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems
								  with their liver and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Chlorobenzene (ppb)
0.1
1000
100
100
Discharge from chemical and agricultural chemical
								  factories
Some people who drink water containing
								  chlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems
								  with their liver or kidneys.
o-Dichlorobenzene (ppb)
0.6
1000
600
600
Discharge from industrial chemical
								  factories
Some people who drink water containing
								  o-dichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
								  problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory system.
p-Dichlorobenzene (ppb)
0.075
1000
75
75
Discharge from industrial chemical
								  factories
Some people who drink water containing
								  p-dichlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia,
								  damage to their liver, kidneys, or spleen, or changes in their blood.
1,2-Dichloroethane (ppb)
0.005
1000
5
0
Discharge from industrial chemical
								  factories
Some people who drink water containing
								  1,2-dichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased
								  risk of getting cancer.
1,1-Dichloroethylene (ppb)
0.007
1000
7
7
Discharge from industrial chemical
								  factories
Some people who drink water containing
								  1,1-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
								  problems with their liver.
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (Ppb)
0.07
1000
70
70
Discharge from industrial chemical
								  factories
Some people who drink water containing
cis-l,2-dichloroethylene in excess of the
								  MCL
over many years could experience problems with
								  their liver.
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene (Ppb)
0.1
1000
100
100
Discharge from industrial chemical
								  factories
Some people who drink water containing
								  trans-1,2-dichloroethylene well in excess of the MCL over many years could
								  experience problems with their liver.
Dichloromethane (ppb)
0.005
1000
5
0
Discharge from industrial chemical
								  factories
Some people who drink water containing
								  dichloromethane in excess of the MCL over many years could have liver problems
								  and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
1,2-Dichloropropane (ppb)
0.005
1000
5
0
Discharge from industrial chemical
								  factories
Some people who drink water containing
								  1,2-dichloropropane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased
								  risk of getting cancer.
Ethyl benzene (ppb)
0.7
1000
700
700
Discharge from petroleum refineries; leaching
								  from gasoline storage tanks and landfills
Some people who drink water containing ethyl
								  benzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems
								  with their liver or kidneys.
Styrene (ppb)
0.1
1000
100
100
Discharge from rubber and plastic factories;
								  leaching from landfills
Some people who drink water containing styrene
								  well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver,
								  kidneys, or circulatory system.
Tetrachloroethylene (ppb)
0.005
1000
5
0
Discharge from factories and dry cleaners
Some people who drink water containing
								  tetrachloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems
								  with their liver, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (Ppb)
0.07
1000
70
70
Discharge from textile-finishing factories
Some people who drink water containing
								  1,2,4-trichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could
								  experience changes in their adrenal glands.
1,1,1-Trichloroethane (ppb)
0.2
1000
200
200
Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other
								  factories
Some people who drink water containing
								  1,1,1-trichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
								  problems with their liver, nervous system, or circulatory system.
1,1,2-Trichloroethane (ppb)
0.005
1000
5
3
Discharge from industrial chemical
								  factories
Some people who drink water containing
								  1,1,2-trichloroethane well in excess of the MCL over many years could have
								  problems with their liver, kidneys, or immune system.
Trichloroethylene (ppb)
0.005
1000
5
0
Discharge from metal degreasing sites and other
								  factories
Some people who drink water containing
								  trichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
								  problems with their liver and may have an increased risk of getting
								  cancer.
Total trihalomethanes (TTHM) (ppb)
0.080
1000
80
(footnote 4)
Byproduct of drinking water disinfection
Some people who drink water containing
								  trihalomethanes in excess of the MCL over many years may experience problems
								  with their liver, kidneys, or central nervous system, and may have an increased
								  risk of getting cancer.
Toluene (ppm)
1
1
1
Discharge from petroleum factories; leaching from
								  gasoline storage tanks and landfills
Some people who drink water containing toluene
								  well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their
								  nervous system, kidneys, or liver.
Vinyl chloride (ppb)
0.002
1000
2
0
Leaching from PVC piping; discharge from plastics
								  factories
Some people who drink water containing vinyl
								  chloride in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of
								  getting cancer.
Xylenes (ppm)
10
10
10
Discharge from petroleum factories; discharge
								  from chemical factories; leaching from gasoline storage tanks and
								  landfills
Some people who drink water containing xylenes in
								  excess of the MCL over many years could experience damage to their nervous
								  system.
1MCL (for systems that collect
					 >40 samples per month): 5% of monthly samples are positive. MCL (for systems
					 that collect <40 samples per month): 1 positive monthly sample.
2Uranium MCL is effective on
					 December 8, 2003. Until then, there is no MCL.
3Beginning on January 23, 2006,
					 the arsenic MCL is 0.010 mg/L and the MCLG is 0. Until then, the MCL is 0.05
					 mg/L, and there is no MCLG.
4The MCLGs for total
					 trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids:
Disinfection Byproduct
MCLG, mg/L
MCLG in CCR units
Bromodichloromethane
0
0
Bromoform
0
0
Chloroform
0.07
70
Dibromochloromethane
0.06
60
Dichloroacetic acid
0
0
Monochloroacetic acid
0.07
70
Trichloroacetic acid
0.02
20