Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 10 - VETERINARY X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › FIXED RADIOGRAPHIC INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5405 - X-ray equipment

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 405.
(1)
						All x-ray tube housings in fixed radiographic installations shall be of the
						diagnostic type.
(2) The aluminum
						equivalent of the total filtration in the useful beam shall not be less than
						the values shown in table 405.
TABLE 405
Operating Potential
Minimum Total Filter (Inherent plus
										added)
Below 50 kVp
0.5 mm aluminum
50 - 70 kVp
1.5 mm aluminum
Above 70 kVp
2.5 mm aluminum
(3) Beam-limiting devices, such as
						diaphragms, cones, or adjustable collimators, capable of restricting the useful
						beam to the area radiographically recorded shall be provided to define the beam
						and shall provide the same degree of attenuation as that required of the tube
						housing.
(4) Beam-limiting devices
						shall be calibrated in terms of the size of the projected useful beam at
						specified source-image receptor distances (SID). This calibration shall be
						clearly and permanently recorded on the beam-limiting device. Calibration of
						adjustable beam-limiting devices shall permit reproducible settings.
(5) X-ray systems designed for only 1 image
						receptor size at a fixed SID shall be provided with means to limit the field at
						the plane of the image receptor to dimensions not greater than those of the
						image receptor, and to align the center of the x-ray field with the center of
						the image receptor to within 2% of the SID.
(6) General purpose radiographic x-ray
						systems should be equipped with adjustable beam-limiting devices containing
						light localizers that define the entire field.
(7) The size of the x-ray beam projected by
						fixed aperture beam-limiting devices, except those used for stereoradiography,
						shall not exceed the dimensions of the image receptor by more than 2% of the
						SID when the axis of the x-ray beam is perpendicular to the plane of the image
						receptor.
(8) The calibrated field
						size indicator on adjustable beam-limiting devices shall be accurate to within
						2% of the SID. The light field shall be aligned with the x-ray field with the
						same degree of accuracy. The field size projected by automatic adjustable
						beam-limiting devices shall provide the same precision.
(9) For radiographic procedures resulting in
						multiple views on a single image receptor the beam-limiting device shall limit
						the x-ray field size to the recorded radiographic image size within 2% of the
						SID. Covering a portion of the image receptor with radio-opaque material is not
						a substitute for proper x-ray field limitation.
(10) A device shall be provided which
						terminates the exposure at a preset time interval or exposure limit. The
						operator shall be able to terminate the exposure at all times by discontinuing
						pressure upon the exposure switch except that during serial radiography means
						may be provided to permit completion of a single exposure of the series in
						progress.
(11) A primary
						radiographic exposure switch shall be provided which shall be securely fixed so
						that the operator shall be behind a fixed shield which intercepts the useful
						beam and radiation which has been scattered only once.
(12) An auxiliary foot switch may be provided
						to activate the radiographic tube in addition to, but not in substitution of,
						the requirement of subrule (11) of this rule. This auxiliary switch need not be
						fastened behind a fixed shield.
(13) The control panel shall provide positive
						visual identification of the production of x-rays when the x-ray tube is
						energized. A milliammeter may meet the requirement of this subrule.
(14) A signal audible to the operator shall
						indicate that the exposure has ended.
(15) The technique factors to be used during
						an exposure shall be indicated before the exposure begins. When automatic
						exposure controls are used, only those technique factors which are set before
						the exposure shall be indicated. On equipment having fixed technique factors,
						this requirement may be met by permanent markings. Indication of technique
						factors shall be visible from the operator's position.