Code of Massachusetts Regulations › 105 CMR - DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH › Title 105 CMR 120.000 - The Control of Radiation › Section 120.005 - Definitions

Current through Register 1525, July 5, 2024
As used in
				105
				CMR 120.000, these terms have the definitions set
				forth in 105 CMR 120.005. Additional definitions used only in a certain Section
				will be found in that Section.
105 CMR 120.000
means all Sections of the Massachusetts Regulations for the
				Control of Radiation.
Absorbed Dose
means the energy
				imparted by ionizing radiation per unit mass of irradiated material. The units
				of absorbed dose are the gray (Gy) and the rad.
Accelerator
means any machine capable
				of accelerating electrons, protons, deuterons, or other charged particles in a
				vacuum and of discharging the resultant particulate or other radiation into a
				medium at energies usually in excess of 1 MeV. For purposes of
Accelerator
, "particle accelerator" is an equivalent
				term.
Accelerator-produced Material
means
				any material made radioactive by a particle accelerator.
Activity
means the rate of
				disintegration or transformation or decay of radioactive material. The units of
				activity are the becquerel (Bq) and the curie (Ci).
Adult
means an individual 18 years of
				age or older.
Agency
means the Radiation Control
				Program of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health.
Agreement State
means any State with
				which the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or the U.S. Atomic Energy
				Commission has entered into an effective agreement under § 274b of the
				Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (St. 1973, c. 689).
Airborne Radioactive Material
means
				any radioactive material dispersed in the air in the form of dusts, fumes,
				particulates, mists, vapors, or gases.
Airborne Radioactivity Area
means a
				room, enclosure, or area in which airborne radioactive materials exist in
				concentrations:
(a) In excess of the derived air concentrations (DACs)
				specified in
				105 CMR
				120.200:
Appendix B
, Table
				I; or
(b) To such a degree that an individual present in the area
				without respiratory protective equipment could exceed, during the hours an
				individual is present in a week, an intake of 0.6% of the annual limit on
				intake (ALI) or 12 DAC- hours.
Airline Respirator
(
see
Supplied-air Respirator (SAR)
).
Air-purifying Respirator
means a
				respirator with an air-purifying filter, cartridge, or canister that removes
				specific air contaminants by passing ambient air through the air-purifying
				element.
Alert
means events may occur, are in
				progress, or have occurred that could lead to a release of radioactive material
				but that the release is not expected to require a response by offsite response
				organizations to protect persons offsite.
As Low as is Reasonably Achievable
				(ALARA)
means making every reasonable effort to maintain exposures
				to radiation as far below the dose limits in
				105
				CMR 120.000 as is practical, consistent with the
				purpose for which the licensed or registered activity is undertaken, taking
				into account the state of technology, the economics of improvements in relation
				to state of technology, the economics of improvements in relation to benefits
				to the public health and safety, and other societal and socioeconomic
				considerations, and in relation to utilization of ionizing radiation and
				licensed or registered sources of radiation in the public interest.
Assigned Protection Factor (APF)
means
				the expected workplace level of respiratory protection that would be provided
				by a properly functioning respirator or a class of respirators to properly
				trained and fitted users. Operationally, the inhaled concentration can be
				estimated by dividing the ambient airborne concentration by the APF.
Atmosphere-supplying Respirator
means
				a respirator that supplies the respirator user with breathing air from a source
				independent of the ambient atmosphere, and includes supplied-air respirators
				(SAR's) and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) units.
Background Radiation
means radiation
				from cosmic sources; non-technologically enhanced naturally occurring
				radioactive material, including radon, except as a decay product of source or
				special nuclear material, and including global fallout as it exists in the
				environment from the testing of nuclear explosive devices or from past nuclear
				accidents such as Chernobyl that contribute to background radiation and are not
				under the control of the licensee or registrant. "Background radiation" does
				not include sources of radiation from radioactive materials regulated by the
				Agency.
Becquerel (Bq)
means the SI unit of
				activity. One becquerel is equal to one disintegration or transformation per
				second (dps or tps).
Bioassay
means the determination of
				kinds, quantities, or concentrations, and, in some cases, the locations of
				radioactive material in the human body, whether by direct measurement
				(
in vivo
counting), or by analysis and evaluation of materials
				excreted or removed from the human body. For purposes of
				105
				CMR 120.000,
Radiobioassay
is
				an equivalent term.
Brachytherapy
means a method of
				radiation therapy in which sealed sources are utilized to deliver a radiation
				dose at a distance of up to a few centimeters, by surface, intracavitary, or
				interstitial application.
Byproduct Material
means:
(1) Any radioactive material (except special nuclear material)
				yielded in, or made radioactive by, exposure to the radiation incident to the
				process of producing or using special nuclear material;
(2)
(a) Any discrete source of radium-226 that is produced,
				extracted, or converted after extraction, before, on, or after August 8, 2005,
				for use for a commercial, medical, or research activity; or
(b) Any material that:
1. Has been made radioactive by use of a particle accelerator;
				and
2. Is produced, extracted, or converted after extraction,
				before, on, or after August 8, 2005, for use for a commercial, medical, or
				research activity; and
(3) Any discrete source of naturally occurring radioactive
				material, other than source material, that:
(a) The Commission, in consultation with the Administrator of
				the Environmental Protection Agency, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of
				Homeland Security, and the head of any other appropriate Federal agency,
				determines would pose a threat similar to the threat posed by a discrete source
				of radium-226 to the public health and safety or the common defense and
				security; and
(b) Before, on, or after August 8, 2005, is extracted or
				converted after extraction for use in a commercial, medical, or research
				activity.
Calendar Quarter
means not less than
				12 consecutive weeks nor more than 14 consecutive weeks. The first calendar
				quarter of each year shall begin in January and subsequent calendar quarters
				shall be so arranged such that no day is included in more than one calendar
				quarter and no day in any one year is omitted from inclusion within a calendar
				quarter. The method observed by the licensee or registrant for determining
				calendar quarters shall only be changed at the beginning of a year.
Calibration
means the determination
				of:
(1) the response or reading of an instrument relative to a
				series of known radiation values over the range of the instrument; or
(2) the strength of a source of radiation relative to a
				standard.
CFR
means Code of Federal
				Regulations.
Chelating Agent
means amine
				polycarboxylic acids, hydroxy-carboxylic acids, gluconic acid, and
				polycarboxylic acids.
CMR
means Code of Massachusetts
				Regulations.
Collective Dose
means the sum of the
				individual doses received in a given period of time by a specified population
				from exposure to a specified source of radiation.
Commissioner
means the Commissioner,
				Massachusetts Department of Public Health.
Committed Dose Equivalent
				(HT,50)
means the dose equivalent to organs
				or tissues of reference (T) that will be received from an intake of radioactive
				material by an individual during the 50-year period following the
				intake.
Committed Effective Dose Equivalent
				(HE,50)
means the sum of the products of
				the weighting factors applicable to each of the body organs or tissues that are
				irradiated and the committed dose equivalent to each of these organs or tissues
				(HE,50 = [SIGMA] wT
				HT,50).
Confirmatory Action Letters
means
				letters, confirming a licensee's, registrant's, or vendor's agreement to take
				certain actions to remove significant concerns about health and safety,
				safeguards, or the environment.
Consortium
means an association of
				medical use licensees and a PET radionuclide production facility in the same
				geographical area that jointly own or share in the operation and maintenance
				cost of the PET radionuclide production facility that produces PET
				radionuclides for use in producing radioactive drugs within the consortium for
				noncommercial distributions among its associated members for medical use. The
				PET radionuclide production facility within the consortium must be located at
				an educational institution or a Federal facility or a medical facility.
Constraint (Dose Constraint)
means a
				value above which specified licensee actions are required.
Critical Group
means the group of
				individuals reasonably expected to receive the greatest exposure to residual
				radioactivity for any applicable set of circumstances.
Curie
means a unit of quantity of
				activity. One curie (Ci) is that quantity of radioactive material which decays
				at the rate of 3.7 x 1010 "disintegrations or
				transformations per second (dps or tps). Commonly used submultiples of the
				curie are the millicurie and the microcurie. One millicurie (mCi) = 1 x
				10-3 curie = 3.7 x 10 
				7 tps. One microcurie (µCi) = 1 x
				10-6 curie = 3.7 x 104
				tps. One nanocurie (nCi) = 1 x 10-9 curie = 3.7 x
				101 tps. One picocurie (pCi) = 1 x
				10-12 curie = 10-2
				tps.
Cyclotron
means a particle accelerator
				in which the charged particles travel in an outward spiral or circular path. A
				cyclotron accelerates charged particles at energies usually in excess of ten
				megaelectron volts and is commonly used for production of short half-life
				radionuclides for medical use. (
See
105 CMR 120.005:
Accelerator
).
Decommission
means to remove safely
				from service and reduce residual radioactivity to a level that permits release
				of the property for unrestricted use and/or termination of license.
Deep Dose Equivalent
				(Hd)
means the dose equivalent at a tissue
				depth of one centimeter (1000 mg/cm2) and applies to
				external whole body exposure.
Demand Respirator
means an
				atmosphere-supplying respirator that admits breathing air to the face piece
				only when a negative pressure is created inside the facepiece by
				inhalation.
Department
means the Department of
				Public Health.
Depleted Uranium
means the source
				material uranium in which the isotope uranium-235 is less than 0.711 weight
				percent of the total uranium present. Depleted uranium does not include special
				nuclear material.
Discrete Source
means a radionuclide
				that has been processed so that its concentration within a material has been
				purposely increased for use for commercial, medical, industrial, or research
				activities.
Disposable Respirator
means a
				respirator for which maintenance is not intended and that is designed to be
				discarded after excessive breathing resistance, sorbent exhaustion, physical
				damage, or end-of-service-life renders it unsuitable for use. Examples of this
				type of respirator are a disposable half-mask respirator or a disposable
				escape-only self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Distinguishable from Background
means
				that the detectable concentration of a radionuclide is statistically different
				from the background concentration of that radionuclide in the vicinity of the
				site or, in the case of structures, in similar materials using adequate
				measurement technology, survey, and statistical techniques.
Dose
is a generic term that means
				absorbed dose, dose equivalent, effective dose equivalent, committed dose
				equivalent, committed effective dose equivalent, total organ dose equivalent,
				or total effective dose equivalent. For purposes of
				105
				CMR 120.000,
Radiation Dose
is an equivalent term.
Dose Equivalent
				(HT)
means the product of the absorbed dose
				in tissue, quality factor, and all other necessary modifying factors at the
				location of interest. The units of dose equivalent are the sievert (Sv) and
				rem.
Dose Limits
means the permissible
				upper bounds of radiation doses established in accordance with
				105
				CMR 120.000. For purposes of
				105
				CMR 120.000,
Limits
is an
				equivalent term.
Effective Dose Equivalent
				(HE
means the sum of the products of the
				dose equivalent to each organ or tissue (H T) and the
				weighting factor (w T) applicable to each of the body
				organs or tissues that are irradiated (HE = [SIGMA]
				wTHT).
Embryo/Fetus
means the developing
				human organism from conception until the time of birth.
Entrance or Access Point
means any
				location through which an individual could gain access to radiation areas or to
				licensed or registered radioactive materials. This includes entry or exit
				portals of sufficient size to permit human entry, irrespective of their
				intended use.
Explosive Material
means any chemical
				compound, mixture, or device which produces a substantial instantaneous release
				of gas and heat spontaneously or by contact with sparks or flame.
Exposure
means being exposed to
				ionizing radiation or to radioactive material.
Exposure
means the quotient of dQ by
				dm where "dQ" is the absolute value of the total charge of the ions of one sign
				produced in air when all the electrons (negatrons and positrons) liberated by
				photons in a volume element of air having mass "dm" are completely stopped in
				air. The SI unit of
Exposure
is the coulomb per
				kilogram (C/kg).
See
105 CMR
				120.014:
Units of Exposure and
				Dose
for the special unit.
Exposure Rate
means the
Exposure
per unit of time, such as roentgen per minute
				and milliroentgen per hour.
External Dose
means that portion of
				the dose equivalent received from any source of radiation outside the
				body.
Extremity
means hand, elbow, arm below
				the elbow, foot, knee, and leg below the knee.
Filtering Facepiece (Dust Mask)
means
				a negative pressure particulate respirator with a filter as an integral part of
				the facepiece or with the entire facepiece composed of the filtering medium,
				not equipped with elastomeric sealing surfaces and adjustable straps.
Fit Factor
means a quantitative
				estimate of the fit of a particular respirator to a specific individual, and
				typically estimates the ratio of the concentration of a substance in ambient
				air to its concentration inside the respirator when worn.
Fit Test
means the use of a protocol
				to qualitatively evaluate the fit of a respirator on an individual.
Former U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) or U.S.
				Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Licensed Facilities
means
				nuclear reactors, nuclear fuel reprocessing plants, uranium enrichment plants,
				or critical mass experimental facilities where AEC or NRC licenses have been
				terminated.
Generally Applicable Environmental Radiation
				Standards
means standards issued by the U.S. Environmental
				Protection Agency (EPA) under the authority of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954,
				as amended, that impose limits on radiation exposures or levels, or
				concentrations or quantities of radioactive material, in the general
				environment outside the boundaries of locations under the control of persons
				possessing or using radioactive material.
Gray (Gy)
means the SI unit of
				absorbed dose. One gray is equal to an absorbed dose of 1 joule per kilogram
				(100 rad).
Half-value layer (HVL)
means the
				thickness of a specified material which attenuates X-radiation or gamma
				radiation to an extent that the air kerma rate, exposure rate, or absorbed dose
				rate is reduced to ½ of the value measured without the material at the
				same point.
Hazardous Waste
means those wastes
				designated as hazardous by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations in
				40 CFR Part 261 .
Healing Arts
means any discipline
				which involves the diagnosis or treatment of persons by a practitioner or
				animals by a veterinarian, and who is licensed for that purpose by the
				Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and which discipline includes the intentional
				exposure of persons and animals to sources of radiation for diagnosis or
				treatment.
Healing Arts Radiologic Screening
means the completion of a procedure that irradiates an individual, with no
				symptoms or other potential indicators of disease, to ionizing radiation for
				the purpose of diagnosing the presence or absence of disease within the
				individual.
Helmet
means a rigid respiratory inlet
				covering that also provides head protection against impact and
				penetration.
High Radiation Area
means an area,
				accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels could result in an
				individual receiving a dose equivalent in excess of 1 mSv (0.1 rem) in one hour
				at 30 centimeters from any source of radiation or from any surface that the
				radiation penetrates.
Hood
means a respiratory inlet
				covering that completely covers the head and neck and may also cover portions
				of the shoulders and torso.
Human Use
means the internal or
				external administration of radiation or radioactive material to human
				beings.
Individual
means any human
				being.
Individual Monitoring
means the
				assessment of:
(1) Dose equivalent.
(a) by the use of individual monitoring devices; or
(b) by the use of survey data; or
(2) Committed effective dose equivalent.
(a) by bioassay; or
(b) by determination of the time-weighted air concentrations to
				which an individual has been exposed, that is, DAC-hours. (
See
the definition of DAC-hours in
				105 CMR
				120.200) .
Individual Monitoring Devices
means
				devices designed to be worn by a single individual for the assessment of dose
				equivalent. For purposes of
				105
				CMR 120.000, Personnel Dosimeter and "dosimeter" are
				equivalent terms. Examples of individual monitoring devices are film badges,
				thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), pocket ionization chambers, optically
				stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters, and personal (lapel) air sampling
				devices.
Inspection
means an official
				examination or observation including but not limited to, tests, surveys, and
				monitoring to determine compliance with rules, regulations, orders,
				requirements, and conditions of the Agency.
Instrument Traceability
means the
				ability to show that an instrument has been calibrated at specified time
				intervals using a national standard or a transfer standard. If a transfer
				standard is used, the calibration must be at laboratory accredited by a program
				which requires continuing participation in measurement quality assurance with
				the National Institute of Standards and Technology or other equivalent national
				or international program.
Interlock
means a device arranged or
				connected such that the occurrence of an event or condition is required before
				a second event or condition can occur or continue to occur.
Internal Dose
means that portion of
				the dose equivalent received from radioactive material taken into the
				body.
Ionizing Radiation
(
See
Radiation
).
Irradiation
means the exposure of a
				living being or matter to ionizing radiation.
Kilovolt (kV) [Kilo Electron Volt
				(keV)]
means the energy equal to that acquired by a particle with
				one electron charge in passing through a potential difference of 1,000 volts in
				a vacuum. [
Note
: current convention is to use kV for photons
				and keV for electrons.]
Lead Equivalent
means the thickness of
				the material in question affording the same attenuation, under specified
				conditions, as lead.
Leakage Radiation
means radiation
				emanating from the diagnostic or therapeutic source assembly except for:
(1) The useful beam; and,
(2) Radiation produced when the exposure switch or timer is not
				activated.
Lens Dose Equivalent (LDE)
means the
				external exposure to the lens of the eye as the dose equivalent at a tissue
				depth of 0.3 centimeter (300 mg/cm2).
License
means a license issued by the
				Agency in accordance with the regulations adopted by the Agency.
Licensed (or Registered) Material
means radioactive material received, possessed, used, transferred or disposed
				of under a general or specific license [or registration] issued by the
				Agency.
Licensee
means any person who is
				licensed by the Agency in accordance with
				105
				CMR 120.000 and M.G.L. c. 111, §§ 3, 5M, 5N,
				5O and 5P.
Licensing State
means any State which
				has been finally designated as such by the Conference of Radiation Control
				Program Directors, Inc., which reviews state regulations to establish
				equivalency with the Suggested State Regulations and ascertains whether a State
				has an effective program for control of natural occurring or accelerator
				produced radioactive material (NARM). The Conference will designate as
				Licensing States those states with regulations for control of radiation
				relating to, and an effective program for, the regulatory control of
				NARM.
Limits
(
See
Dose Limits
).
Loose-fitting Facepiece
means a
				respiratory inlet covering that is designed to form a partial seal with the
				face.
Lost or Missing Source of Radiation
means licensed (or registered) source of radiation whose location is unknown.
				This definition includes, but is not limited to, licensed (or registered)
				material that has been shipped but has not reached its planned destination and
				whose location cannot be readily traced in the transportation system.
Major Processor
means a user
				processing, handling, or manufacturing radioactive material exceeding Type A
				quantities as unsealed sources or material, or exceeding four times Type B
				quantities as sealed sources, but does not include nuclear medicine programs,
				universities, industrial radiographers, or small industrial programs. Type A
				and B quantities are defined in
				105 CMR
				120.772.
Manifest
means a detailed record of
				the characteristics and quantities of packaged waste as presented for
				transportation, treatment, storage, or disposal which usually accompanies waste
				transfers for these purposes.
Member of the Public
means an
				individual except when that individual is receiving an occupational
				dose.
Minor
means an individual less than 18
				years of age.
Monitoring
means the measurement of
				radiation, radioactive material concentrations, surface area activities or
				quantities of radioactive material and the use of the results of these
				measurements to evaluate potential exposures and doses. For purposes of
				105
				CMR 120.000,
Radiation
				Monitoring
and
Radiation Protection
				Monitoring
are equivalent terms.
NARM
means any naturally occurring or
				accelerator-produced radioactive material. It does not include byproduct,
				source, or special nuclear material.
Nationally Tracked Source
means a
				sealed source containing a quantity equal to or greater than Category 1 or
				Category 2 levels of any radioactive material listed in
				105 CMR
				120.298:
Appendix D
. In this
				context a sealed source is defined as radioactive material that is sealed in a
				capsule or closely bonded, in a solid form and which is not exempt from
				regulatory control. It does not mean material encapsulated solely for disposal,
				or nuclear material contained in any fuel assembly, subassembly, fuel rod, or
				fuel pellet. Category 1 nationally tracked sources are those containing
				radioactive material at a quantity equal to or greater than the Category 1
				threshold. Category 2 nationally tracked sources are those containing
				radioactive material at a quantity equal to or greater than the Category 2
				threshold but less than the Category 1 threshold.
Natural Radioactivity
means
				radioactivity of naturally occurring nuclides.
Negative Pressure Respirator (Tight
				Fitting)
means a respirator in which the air pressure inside the
				facepiece is negative during inhalation with respect to the ambient air
				pressure outside the respirator.
Non-ionizing Radiation
(
See
Radiation
).
NORM
means any naturally occurring
				radioactive material. It does not include accelerator produced, byproduct,
				source, or special nuclear material.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
means the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or its duly authorized
				representatives.
Occupational Dose
means the dose
				received by an individual in the course of employment in which the individual's
				assigned duties for the licensee or registrant involve exposure to sources of
				radiation, whether or not the sources of radiation are in the possession of the
				licensee, registrant, or other person. Occupational dose does not include dose
				received: from background radiation, or from any medical administration the
				individual has received, from exposure to individuals administered radioactive
				material and released in accordance with 105 CMR 120.527, or from voluntary
				participation in medical research program, or as a member of the public.
Package
means the packaging together
				with its radioactive contents as presented for transport.
Particle Accelerator
(
See
Accelerator
).
Patient
means an individual subjected
				to healing arts examination, diagnosis, or treatment
Person
means any individual,
				corporation, partnership, firm, association, trust, estate, public or private
				institution, group, agency of the commonwealth other than the Department, any
				political subdivision of the commonwealth, any other state or political
				subdivision or agency thereof, and any legal successor, representative, agent,
				or agency of the foregoing, but not including federal government
				agencies.
Personnel Monitoring Equipment
(
See
Individual Monitoring
				Devices
).
Phantom
means a volume of material
				behaving in a manner similar to tissue with respect to the attenuation and
				scattering of radiation. This requires that both the atomic number (Z) and the
				density of the material be similar to that of tissue.
Pharmacist
means an individual
				certified as such under M.G.L. c. 112, § 24 to compound and dispense
				drugs, prescriptions, and poisons.
Physician
means an individual
				certified as a physician under M.G.L. c. 112, § 2 or corresponding
				citation of earlier laws.
Positive Pressure Respirator
means a
				respirator in which the pressure inside the respiratory inlet covering exceeds
				the ambient air pressure outside the respirator.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
radionuclide production facility means a facility operating a cyclotron or
				accelerator for the purpose of producing PET radionuclides.
Powered Air-purifying Respirator
				(PAPR)
means an air-purifying respirator that uses a blower to
				force the ambient air through air-purifying elements to the inlet
				covering.
Pressure Demand Respirator
means a
				positive pressure atmosphere-supplying respirator that admits breathing air to
				the facepiece when the positive pressure is reduced inside the facepiece by
				inhalation.
Principal Activities
means activities
				authorized by the license which are essential to achieving the purpose(s) for
				which the license was issued or amended. Storage during which no licensed
				material is accessed for use or disposal and activities incidental to
				decontamination or decommissioning are not principal activities.
Protective Apron
means an apron made
				of radiation-attenuating materials used to reduce exposure to radiation.
Protective Barrier
means a barrier of
				radiation absorbing material(s) used to reduce radiation exposure. The types of
				protective barriers are as follows:
(1) Primary protective barrier means the material, excluding
				filters, placed in the useful beam.
(2) Secondary protective barrier means the material which
				attenuates stray radiation.
Public Dose
means the dose received by
				a member of the public from exposure to sources of radiation released by the
				licensee or registrant, or to any other source of radiation under the control
				of the licensee or registrant. Public dose does not include occupational dose,
				or dose received from background radiation, from any medical administration the
				individual has received, from exposure to individuals administered radioactive
				material and released in accordance with
				105
				CMR 120.540, or from voluntary participation
				in medical research programs.
Pyrophoric Material
means any liquid
				that ignites spontaneously in dry or moist air at or below 130°F
				(54.4°C) or any solid material, other than one classed as an explosive,
				which under normal conditions is liable to cause fires through friction,
				retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or which can be ignited readily
				and, when ignited, burns so vigorously and persistently as to create a serious
				transportation, handling, or disposal hazard. Included are spontaneously
				combustible and water-reactive materials.
Qualified Expert
means an individual
				having the knowledge and training to measure ionizing radiation, to evaluate
				safety techniques, and to advise regarding radiation protection needs, for
				example, individuals certified in the appropriate field by the American Board
				of Radiology, or the American Board of Health Physics, or the American Board of
				Medical Physics, or those having equivalent qualifications. With reference to
				the calibration of radiation therapy equipment, an individual having, in
				addition to the above qualifications, training and experience in the clinical
				applications of radiation physics to radiation therapy, for example,
				individuals certified in Therapeutic Radiological Physics or X-ray and Radium
				Physics by the American Board of Radiology, or those having equivalent
				qualifications.
Qualitative Fit Test (QLFT)
means a
				pass/fail fit test to assess the adequacy of respirator fit that relies on the
				individual's response to the test agent.
Quality Factor (Q)
means the modifying
				factor, listed in
				105 CMR
				120.014:
Tables I
and
II
, that is used to derive dose equivalent from absorbed
				dose.
Quantitative Fit Test (QNFT)
means an
				assessment of the adequacy of respirator fit by numerically measuring the
				amount of leakage into the respirator.
Rad
means the special unit of absorbed
				dose. One rad is equal to an absorbed dose of 100 erg per gram or 0.01 joule
				per kilogram (0.01 gray).
Radiation
means alpha particles, beta
				particles, gamma rays, x-rays, neutrons, high-speed electrons, high-speed
				protons, and other particles capable of producing ions. For purposes of
				105
				CMR 120.000, ionizing radiation is an equivalent term.
				Radiation, as used in
				105
				CMR 120.000, does not include non-ionizing radiation,
				such as radiowaves or microwaves, visible, infrared, or ultraviolet
				light.
Radiation Area
means any area,
				accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels could result in an
				individual receiving a dose equivalent in excess of 0.05 mSv (0.005 rem) in one
				hour at 30 centimeters from the source of radiation or from any surface that
				the radiation penetrates.
Radiation Dose
(
See
Dose
).
Radiation Detector
means a device
				which, in the presence of radiation, provides by either direct or indirect
				means a signal or other indication suitable for use in measuring one or more
				quantities of incident radiation.
Radiation Machine
means any device
				capable of producing radiation except, those devices with radioactive material
				as the only source of radiation.
Radiation Safety Officer
means an
				individual who has the knowledge and responsibility to apply appropriate
				radiation protection regulations and programs and has been assigned such
				responsibility by the licensee or registrant.
Radioactive Material
means any solid,
				liquid, or gas which emits radiation spontaneously.
Radioactivity
means the transformation
				of unstable atomic nuclei with the emission of radiation.
Radiobioassay
(
See
Bioassay
).
Registrant
means any person who is
				registered with the Agency and is legally obligated to register with the Agency
				pursuant to
				105
				CMR 120.000 and M.G.L. c. 111, §§ 3, 5M, 5N,
				5O, and 5P.
Registration
means registration with
				the Agency in accordance with the regulations adopted by the Agency.
Regulations of the U.S. Department of
				Transportation (U.S. DOT)
means the regulations in 49 CFR Parts
				100 through 189.
Rem
means the special unit of any of
				the quantities expressed as dose equivalent. The dose equivalent in rem is
				equal to the absorbed dose in rad multiplied by the quality factor (one rem =
				0.01 Sv).
Research and Development
means:
(1) theoretical analysis, exploration, or experimentation;
				or
(2) the extension of investigative findings and theories of a
				scientific or technical nature into practical application for experimental and
				demonstration purposes, including the experimental production and testing of
				models, devices, equipment, materials, and processes. Research and development
				does not include the internal or external administration of radiation or
				radioactive material to human beings.
Residual Radioactivity
means
				radioactivity in structures, materials, soils, groundwater, and other media at
				a site resulting from activities under the licensee's control. This includes
				radioactivity from all licensed and unlicensed sources used by the licensee,
				but excludes background radiation. It also includes radioactive materials
				remaining at the site as a result of routine or accidental releases of
				radioactive materials at the site and previous burials at the site, even if
				those burials were made in accordance with the provisions of
				105 CMR
				120.200.
Restricted Area
means an area, access
				to which is limited by the licensee or registrant for the purpose of protecting
				individuals against undue risks from exposure to sources of radiation.
				Restricted area does not include areas used as residential quarters, but
				separate rooms in a residential building may be set apart as a restricted
				area.
Roentgen
means the special unit of
Exposure
. One roentgen (R) equals 2.58 x
				10-4 coulombs/kilogram of air (
see
Exposure
).
Scattered Primary Radiation
means that
				scattered radiation that has been deviated in direction only by materials
				irradiated by the useful beam.
Scattered Radiation
means ionizing
				radiation emitted by the interaction of ionizing radiation with matter, the
				interaction being accompanied by a change in direction of the radiation.
Sealed Source
means any radioactive
				material that is used as a source of radiation and is encased in a capsule
				designed to prevent leakage or escape of the radioactive material.
Sealed Source and Device Registry
means the national registry that contains the registration certificates,
				generated by both the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the Agreement
				States, that summarize the radiation safety information for sealed sources and
				devices, and describe the licensing and use conditions approved for the
				product.
Self-contained Breathing Apparatus
				(SCBA)
means an atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the
				breathing air source is designed to be carried by the user.
Shallow Dose Equivalent
				(HS)
, which applies to the external
				exposure of the skin or an extremity, means the dose equivalent at a tissue
				depth of 0.007 centimeter (7 mg/cm2).
Shutter
means a device attached to the
				tube housing assembly which can totally intercept the useful beam and which has
				a lead equivalency not less than that of the tube housing assembly.
SI
means the abbreviation for the
				International System of Units.
Sievert
means the SI unit of any of
				the quantities expressed as dose equivalent. The dose equivalent in sievert is
				equal to the absorbed dose in gray multiplied by the quality factor (one Sv =
				100 rem).
Site Area Emergency
means events may
				occur, are in progress, or have occurred that could lead to a significant
				release of radioactive material and that could require a response by off-site
				response organizations to protect persons offsite.
Site Boundary
means that line beyond
				which the land or property is not owned, leased, or otherwise controlled by the
				licensee or registrant.
Source Material
means:
(1) uranium or thorium, or any combination thereof, in any
				physical or chemical form; or
(2) ores which contain by weight 
				1/20 of one
				percent (0.05%) or more of:
(a) uranium;
(b) thorium; or
(c) any combination thereof.
Source material does not include special nuclear
				material.
Source Material Milling
means any
				activity that results in the production of byproduct material as defined by 105
				CMR 120.005:
Byproduct Material
(2).
Source of Radiation
means any
				radioactive material or any device or equipment emitting, or capable of
				producing, radiation.
Source Traceability
means the ability
				to show that a radioactive source has been calibrated either by the national
				standards laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
				(NIST), or by a laboratory which participates in a continuing measurement
				quality assurance program with NIST or other equivalent national or
				international program.
Special Form Radioactive Material
means radioactive material which satisfies the following conditions:
(1) It is either a single solid piece or is contained in a
				sealed capsule that can be opened only by destroying the capsule;
(2) The piece or capsule has at least one dimension not less
				than five millimeters (0.2 inch); and
(3) It satisfies the requirements of
				10 CFR
				71.75. A special form encapsulation designed
				in accordance with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission requirements of
				10
				CFR 71.4 in effect on June 30, 1983
				(
see
10 CFR part 71 , revised as of January 1, 1983), and
				constructed prior to July 1, 1985, may continue to be used. A special form
				encapsulation designed in accordance with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
				requirements of
				10
				CFR 71.4 in effect on March 31, 1996
				(
see
10 CFR part 71, revised as of January 1, 1996), and
				constructed prior to April 1, 1998, may continue to be used. Special form
				material that was successfully tested before September 10, 2015 in accordance
				with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission requirements of
				10 CFR
				71.75(d) in effect before
				September 10, 2015 may continue to be used. Any other special form
				encapsulation must meet the specifications of
Special Form
				Radioactive Material
.
Special Nuclear Material
means:
(1) Plutonium, uranium-233, uranium enriched in the isotope 233
				or in the isotope 235, and any other material that the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
				Commission, pursuant to the provisions of § 51 of the Atomic Energy Act of
				1954, as amended, determines to be special nuclear material, but does not
				include source material; or
(2) Any material artificially enriched by any of the foregoing
				but does not include source material.
Special Nuclear Material in Quantities not
				Sufficient to Form a Critical Mass
means uranium enriched in the
				isotope U-235 in quantities not exceeding 350 grams of contained U-235;
				uranium- 233 in quantities not exceeding 200 grams; plutonium in quantities not
				exceeding 200 grams; or any combination of them in accordance with the
				following formula: For each kind of special nuclear material, determine the
				ratio between the quantity of that special nuclear material and the quantity
				specified above for the same kind of special nuclear material. The sum of such
				ratios for all of the kinds of special nuclear material in combination shall
				not exceed one. For example, the following quantities in combination would not
				exceed the limitation and are within the formula:
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				here to view image
Supplied Air Respirator (SAR)
or
Airline Respirator
means an atmosphere supplying
				respirator for which the source of breathing air is not designed to be carried
				by the user.
Survey
means an evaluation of the
				radiological conditions and potential hazards incident to the production, use,
				transfer, release, disposal, and/or presence of sources of radiation. When
				appropriate, such evaluation includes, but is not limited to, tests, physical
				examinations, and measurements of levels of radiation or concentrations of
				radioactive material present.
Test
means the process of verifying
				compliance with an applicable regulation.
Tight-fitting Facepiece
means a
				respiratory inlet covering that forms a complete seal with the face.
Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE)
means the sum of the effective dose equivalent (for external exposures) and the
				committed effective dose equivalent (for internal exposures).
Total Organ Dose Equivalent (TODE)
means the sum of the deep dose equivalent and the committed dose equivalent to
				the organ receiving the highest dose as described in
				105 CMR
				120.267(A)(6).
Traceable to National Standard
(
See
Instrument Traceability
or
Source Traceability
)
U.S. Department of Energy
means the
				Department of Energy established by Public Law 95-91, August 4, 1977, 91 Stat.
				565, 42 U.S.C. 7101
et seq
., to the extent that the Department exercises functions
				formerly vested in the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, its Chairman, members,
				officers and components and transferred to the U.S. Energy Research and
				Development Administration and to the Administrator thereof pursuant to
				sections 104(b), (c) and (d) of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 ( Public
				Law 93-438, October 11, 1974, 88 Stat. 1233 at 1237, effective January 19,
				1975) and retransferred to the Secretary of Energy pursuant to section 301(a)
				of the Department of Energy Organization Act ( Public Law 95-91, August 4,
				1977, 91 Stat. 565 at 577-578,
				42 U.S.C. 7151,
				effective October 1, 1977).
Unrefined and Unprocessed Ore
means
				ore in its natural form prior to any processing, such as grinding, roasting,
				beneficiating, or refining. Processing does not include sieving or
				encapsulating of ore or preparation of samples for laboratory analysis.
Unrestricted Area (Uncontrolled Area)
means area access to which is neither limited nor controlled by the licensee or
				registrant. For purposes of
				105
				CMR 120.000,
Uncontrolled Area
is an equivalent term.
User Seal Check (Fit Check)
means an
				action conducted by the respirator user to determine if the respirator is
				properly seated to the face. Examples include negative pressure check, positive
				pressure check, irritant smoke check, or isoamyl acetate check.
Vendor
means a supplier of products or
				services to be used by a licensee or registrant or a licensed or registered
				facility or activity.
Very High Radiation Area
means an
				area, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels from radiation
				sources external to the body could result in an individual receiving an
				absorbed dose in excess of 5 Gy (500 rad) in one hour at one meter from a
				source of radiation or one meter from any surface that the radiation
				penetrates. [
Note
: At very high doses rates, units of adsorbed
				dose, gray and rad, are appropriate, rather than units of dose equivalent,
				sievert and rem].
Waste
means those low-level
				radioactive wastes containing source, special nuclear, or byproduct material
				that are acceptable for disposal in a land disposal facility. For the purposes
				of this definition, low-level radioactive waste means radioactive waste not
				classified as high-level radioactive waste, transuranic waste, spent nuclear
				fuel, or byproduct material as defined in 105 CMR 120.005:
Byproduct Material
(2) and (3).
Waste Handling Licensees
means persons
				licensed to receive and store radioactive wastes prior to disposal and/or
				persons licensed to dispose of radioactive waste.
Week
means seven consecutive days
				starting on Sunday.
Whole Body
means, for purposes of
				external exposure, head, trunk including male gonads, arms above the elbow, or
				legs above the knee.
Worker
means an individual engaged in
				work under a license or registration issued by the Agency and controlled by a
				licensee or registrant, but does not include the licensee or registrant.
Working Level (WL)
means any
				combination of short-lived radon daughters in one liter of air that will result
				in the ultimate emission of 1.3E+5 MeV of potential alpha particle energy. The
				short-lived radon daughters are -- for radon-222: polonium-218, lead-214,
				bismuth-214, and polonium-214; and for radon-220: polonium-216, lead-212,
				bismuth-212, and polonium-212.
Working Level Month (WLM)
means an
				exposure to one working level for 170 hours - 2,000 working hours per year
				divided by 12 months per year is approximately equal to 170 hours per
				month.
Year
means the period of time
				beginning in January used to determine compliance with the provisions of
				105
				CMR 120.000. The licensee or registrant may change the
				starting date of the year used to determine compliance by the licensee or
				registrant provided that the change is made at the beginning of the year and
				that no day is omitted or duplicated in consecutive years.