Code of Maine Rules › 06 - DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION › 096 - DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION - GENERAL › Chapter 167 - TRACKING AND REPORTING GROSS AND NET ANNUAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS › Section 096-167-4 - Gross greenhouse gas emissions estimates

Current through 2024-29, July 17, 2024
A.
Gross emissions data sources.
Estimates of gross GHG emissions
				shall include emissions of the gases identified in section 2 (covered
				greenhouse gases) of this Chapter from sources within the geographic boundaries
				of the State of Maine as specified below.
(1)
				Direct facility reporting of emissions from licensed stationary sources
				submitted in accordance with Department rule Chapter 137;
(2) EPA State Inventory Tool (SIT)
The EPA publishes regular updates to datasets and GHG
				  emission calculations in the SIT, following a standardized method of
				  categorizing emission sources. Where directly measured values for emissions are
				  not available, the Department shall utilize the most recently published version
				  of the SIT for estimating emissions under this Chapter.
(a) Emission estimates utilizing the SIT
				shall include the following modules and data sources:
(i) Agriculture
(A) The agriculture module shall be used to
				calculate CO2, CH4, and
				N2O emissions from enteric fermentation; manure
				management, agriculture soils, plant residues, legumes, and fertilizers; rice
				cultivation; liming of soils; urea fertilization; and agricultural
				burning.
(B) In accordance with the
				SIT, acceptable data sources for estimates of emissions from the activities in
				subsection (i)(A) above include the EPA U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory; EPA Air
				Emissions Inventory Improvement Program; United States Geological Survey (USGS)
				Liming Materials Yearbook; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Quick
				Stats; and the Association of American Plant Food Control Officials and the
				Fertilizer Institute.
(ii) CO2 from fossil
				fuel combustion (CO2FFC)
(A) The CO2FFC module
				shall be used to calculate CO2 emissions from fuel types
				by end-use sector. Fuel types include coal, natural gas, petroleum, and other.
				Emissions shall be calculated for the industrial, electric power, commercial,
				residential, and transportation sectors.
(B) In accordance with the SIT, acceptable
				data sources for estimates of emissions from the activities in subsection
				(ii)(A) above include the Energy Information Administration (EIA) State Energy
				Data System (SEDS); EIA Natural Gas Report; and EPA U.S. Greenhouse Gas
				Inventory.
(iii) Coal
(A) The coal module shall be used to
				calculate CH4 emissions from coal mining and abandoned
				coal mine activities.
(B) In
				accordance with the SIT, acceptable data sources for estimates of emissions
				from the activities in subsection (iii)(A) above include the EPA U.S.
				Greenhouse Gas Inventory.
(iv) Electricity consumption
(A) The electricity consumption module shall
				be used to calculate CO2e emissions from electricity
				consumption by end-use equipment types and end-use sector.
(B) In accordance with the SIT, acceptable
				data sources for estimates of emissions from the activities in subsection
				(iv)(A) above include the EIA SEDS; National Transit Database; EIA Commercial
				Building Energy Consumption Survey; EIA Residential Energy Consumption Survey;
				EIA Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey; and EPA Emissions and Generation
				Resource Integrated Database.
(v) Industrial processes
(A) The industrial processes module shall be
				used to calculate CO2, N2O, HFC,
				PFC, NF3, and SF6 emissions from
				the following industrial process sectors: cement production; lime manufacture;
				limestone and dolomite use; soda ash manufacture and consumption; iron and
				steel production; ammonia manufacture; nitric acid production; adipic acid
				production; aluminum production; HCFC-22 production; consumption of substitutes
				for ozone depleting substances; electric power transmission and distribution;
				and magnesium production and processing.
(B) In accordance with the SIT, acceptable
				data sources for estimates of emissions from the activities in subsection
				(v)(A) above include the USGS Minerals Yearbook; U.S Census; and USGS Cement
				Statistics and Information.
(vi) Land-use, land-use change and forestry
				(LULUCF)
(A) The LULUCF module may be used to
				calculate CO2, CH4, and
				N2O emissions from fertilization of settlement soils and
				forest fires, as well as carbon flux from forest management, urban trees,
				landfilled yard trimmings and food scraps, and agricultural soils.
				Alternatively, carbon sequestered and emitted from these sources and sinks may
				be estimated using methods outlined in the net greenhouse gas emissions
				estimates section of this Chapter.
(B) In accordance with the SIT, acceptable
				data sources for estimates of emissions from the activities in subsection
				(vi)(A) above include the U.S. Forest Service; EPA Advancing Sustainable
				Materials Management Fact Sheet; U.S Greenhouse Gas Inventory; and Association
				of American Plant Food Control Officials and the Fertilizer
				Institute.
(vii) Mobile
				combustion
(A) The mobile combustion module
				shall be used to calculate CH4 and
				N2O emissions from highway vehicles, aviation, boats and
				vessels, locomotives, other non-highway sources, and alternative fuel vehicles.
NOTE: CO2 emissions from mobile
				  combustion are calculated in the CO2FFC module.
(B) In accordance with the SIT,
				acceptable data sources for estimates of emissions from the activities in
				subsection (vii)(A) above include the EIA SEDS; FHWA Highway Statistics; EIA
				Adjusted Sales of Distillate Fuel Oil by End Use; and U.S Greenhouse Gas
				Inventory.
(viii)
				Natural gas and oil
(A) The natural gas and
				oil module shall be used to calculate CH4 and
				CO2 emissions from all phases of natural gas systems
				(including production, transmission, venting and flaring, and distribution) and
				petroleum systems (including production, refining, transport, and
				storage).
(B) In accordance with
				the SIT, acceptable data sources for estimates of emissions from the activities
				in subsection (viii)(A) above include the EIA Petroleum Supply; EIA Crude Oil
				Production; EIA Number of Producing Gas Wells; EIA Number of Gas Producing Oil
				Wells; EIA Monthly Energy Review; and EIA Natural Gas Gross Withdraws and
				Production.
(ix)
				Municipal solid waste
(A) The municipal solid
				waste module shall be used to calculate CH4 emissions
				from landfilling of municipal solid waste (MSW) and CO2
				and N2O emissions from the combustion of MSW.
NOTE: All facilities that combust MSW and many facilities
				  that landfill MSW are required by Department rule Chapter 137 to submit
				  facility reports of GHG emissions that are included in Section 4. A.(1) (Direct
				  facility reporting) of this Chapter.
(B) In accordance with the SIT, acceptable
				data sources for estimates of emissions from the activities in subsection
				(ix)(A) above include the U.S Census; EPA Advancing Sustainable Materials
				Management Fact Sheet; and Landfill Methane Outreach Program Landfill and
				Landfill Gas Energy Project Database.
(x) Stationary combustion
(A) The stationary combustion module shall be
				used to calculate CH4 and N2O
				emissions for combustion of coal, natural gas, petroleum, wood, and other fuel
				types by end-use sector.
(B) In
				accordance with the SIT, acceptable data sources for estimates of emissions
				from the activities in subsection (x)(A) above include the EIA SEDS; EIA Annual
				Natural Gas Report; and U.S Greenhouse Gas Inventory.
(xi) Wastewater
(A) The wastewater module shall be used to
				calculate CH4 and N2O emissions
				from the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater.
(B) In accordance with the SIT, acceptable
				data sources for estimates of emissions from the activities in subsection
				(xi)(A) above include the USDA Quick Stats; U.S Census; and U.S Greenhouse Gas
				Inventory.
(xii)
				Synthesis Tool Estimates of total GHG emissions from all sources in Maine
				included in the modules identified in the subsections (i) through (xi) above
				shall be generated with the synthesis tool provided with the SIT.
(b) SIT data sources
(i) Default data in SIT modules Estimates of
				GHG emissions may be generated using data provided by the EPA in the SIT for
				Maine sources.
(ii) Department
				data sources The Department shall replace or add to data for Maine sources
				provided in the SIT where the Department determines that more specific or
				accurate data are available and appropriate for use in the SIT. At a minimum
				this shall include the following information:
(A) Vehicle miles traveled on Maine
				roads
(B) Industrial
				process-specific data
(C) Solid
				waste data
(I) Data quantifying
				CH4recovered from landfill-gas-to-energy projects and
				methane flared reported to the Department by licensed stationary
				sources.
(II) Quantity and type of
				materials landfilled in Maine reported to the Department by licensed solid
				waste disposal facilities.
(iii) Renewable energy sources
(A) SIT estimates of GHG emissions from
				biogenic sources may be included in calculations of gross and net GHG emissions
				if the Department determines that the SIT estimates are sufficiently
				representative of activities in Maine.
(B) Biogenic emissions of
				CH4 and N2O from wood and wood
				waste shall not be calculated using the stationary combustion module of the
				SIT. Estimates of biogenic emissions of CH4 and
				N2O shall be calculated with CO2
				estimates in accordance with subsection 3 (Biogenic Emissions) below.
(c) SIT source
				categories. Estimates of gross GHG emissions in MMTCO2e
				from the SIT shall be provided for the following source categories:
(i) Energy. The energy category includes
				energy consuming entities in Maine, such as electric power producers, and
				energy consumption from the following sectors: industrial, commercial,
				transportation, and residential.
(ii) Agriculture. The agriculture category
				includes emissions from livestock, manure management, plant and soil residue,
				and cultivation practices in Maine.
(iii) Industrial Processes. The industrial
				processes category includes non-combustion activities that create emissions,
				such as cement production, semiconductor manufacture, and electrical power
				transmission and distribution in Maine.
(iv) Waste. The waste category includes
				emissions from municipal solid waste disposal and wastewater treatment
				activities in Maine.
(3) Biogenic emissions. Biogenic emissions
				shall be estimated using the following data sources:
(a) Wood and wood waste (including black
				liquor and sludge)
(i) Industrial and electric
				power sectors
(A) Activity data (in Btu) for
				wood and wood waste consumed in Maine industrial and electric power sectors
				shall be collected from the EIA SEDS database by sector for years 1990 through
				2009. Emission factors from 40 CFR Part 98 must be used to calculate
				CO2, CH4, and
				N2O emissions based on energy (Btu) values for each
				year.
(B) Data reported by licensed
				stationary sources for wood, bark, biomass, and wood waste (black liquor solids
				and sludge) combusted shall be used for the industrial and electric power
				sector data starting with the 2010 data year.
(I) Throughput reported in short tons shall
				be converted to energy values (Btu) using the moisture content specified for
				that process. Throughput values reported in Btu do not need to be
				converted.
(II) GHG emissions
				reported and based on 40 CFR Part 98 emissions factors shall be used to
				represent gross emissions.
(III)
				NAICS codes associated with each licensed stationary source must be used to
				sort facilities into appropriate sectors.
a.
				Industrial sector
i. Manufacturing (NAICS
				codes 31-33)
ii. Agriculture,
				forestry, fishing and hunting (NAICS code 11)
iii. Mining, including oil and gas extraction
				(NAICS code 21)
iv. Construction
				(NAICS code 23)
b.
				Electric power sector
i. Electricity-only and
				combined-heat-and-power plants (NAICS code 22)
(ii) Commercial sector.
				Activity data (in Btu) for wood and wood waste consumed for energy in Maine's
				commercial sector shall be collected from the EIA SEDS database by sector for
				all available years. Emission factors from 40 CFR Part 98 must be used to
				calculate CO2, CH4, and
				N2O emissions based on energy consumption (Btu) values
				for each year.
(iii) Residential
				sector
(A) Gross GHG emissions estimates from
				residential combustion of biomass shall be calculated based on household
				surveys of primary and supplementary heating sources and fuel use. The
				Department will contract with an independent third party to conduct household
				surveys.
(B) Survey results given
				in cords shall be converted to short tons using a conversion factor of 1.8
				short tons/cord.
(C) Residential
				wood shall be assumed to have an average moisture content of 36%, consistent
				with the EIA SEDS methodology.
(D)
				Survey results shall be extrapolated to non-participating households in Maine
				using the most recent census data to provide an estimate of the total short
				tons of residential wood combusted in Maine.
(E) Survey results shall be assumed to be the
				same for the two years included in the heating season survey period (October 1
				- April 30 each year).
(F) For
				years when a survey is not conducted, data shall beestimated using a linear fit
				between survey years.
(G) Btu
				values and emissions of CO2, CH4,
				and N2O shall be calculated based on 40 CFR Part 98
				factors.
(b)
				Ethanol and biodiesel
(i) Fuel consumption
				data for ethanol shall be obtained from the EIA/SEDS database.
(ii) Emission factors from 40 CFR Part 98
				shall be used to calculate CO2,
				CH4, and N2O emissions.
(c) Solid waste
(i) Methane flaring data shall be obtained
				from licensed stationary source emission reports for all available years from
				1990 - 2050.
(ii)
				Landfill-gas-to-energy (LFGTE) project data shall be obtained from licensed
				stationary source emission reports for all available years from 1990 -
				2050.
(iii) Municipal solid waste
				data shall be obtained from licensed solid waste disposal facility reports for
				all available years from 1990-2050.
(iv) Emission factors from 40 CFR Part 98
				shall be used to calculate CO2 emissions.
(v) CO2from landfill
				off-gassing shall be calculated using the potential CH4
				emissions calculation results provided by the SIT. Landfill gas is assumed to
				be 50% CH4 and 50% CO2. The
				MTCO2e values provided by the SIT for
				CH4 shall be divided by the GWP value used in the SIT
				for CH4 to determine metric tons of
				CH4 and thus the MTCO2e from
				CO2 off-gassing.
(4) Energy consumption data. Energy
				consumption data shall be obtained from the EIA SEDS database by sector and
				fuel type.
(5) Economic data.
				Economic data shall be obtained from the Bureau of Economic Activity, U.S.
				Department of Commerce.