Iowa Administrative Code › Agency 567 - Environmental Protection Commission › Title II - Air Quality › Division B › Chapter 41 - Water Supplies › Rule 567-41.4 - Lead, Copper, and Corrosivity

Current through Register Vol. 47, No. 3, July 24, 2024
(1)
Lead, copper, and corrosivity regulation by the setting of a treatment
				  technique requirement.
The lead and copper rules establish a treatment
				  technique that includes requirements for corrosion control treatment, source
				  water treatment, lead service line replacement, and public education. These
				  requirements are triggered, in some cases, by lead and copper action levels
				  measured in samples collected at consumers' taps.
a.
Applicability.
Unless
				  otherwise indicated, each of the provisions of this subrule applies to
				  community water systems and nontransient noncommunity water systems
				  (hereinafter referred to as "water systems" or "systems").
b.
Action levels.
(1) Lead action level. The lead action level
				  is exceeded if the concentration of lead in more than 10 percent of tap water
				  samples collected during any monitoring period conducted in accordance with
				  41.4(1)
"c "
is greater than 0.015 mg/L (i.e., if the "90th
				  percentile" lead level is greater than 0.015 mg/L).
(2) Copper action level. The copper action
				  level is exceeded if the concentration of copper in more than 10 percent of tap
				  water samples collected during any monitoring period conducted in accordance
				  with 41.4(1)
"c"
is greater than 1.3 mg/L (i.e., if the "90th
				  percentile" copper level is greater than 1.3 mg/L).
(3) Calculation of 90th percentile. The 90th
				  percentile lead and copper levels shall be computed as follows:
1. The results of all lead or copper samples
				  taken during a monitoring period shall be placed in ascending order from the
				  sample with the lowest concentration to the sample with the highest
				  concentration. Each sampling result shall be assigned a number, ascending by
				  single integers beginning with the number 1 for the sample with the lowest
				  contaminant level. The number assigned to the sample with the highest
				  contaminant level shall be equal to the total number of samples
				  taken.
2. The number of samples
				  taken during the monitoring period shall be multiplied by 0.9.
3. The contaminant concentration in the
				  numbered sample yielded by this calculation is the 90th percentile contaminant
				  level.
4. For water systems serving
				  fewer than 100 people that collect five samples per monitoring period, the 90th
				  percentile is computed by taking the average of the highest and second highest
				  concentrations.
5. For a public
				  water system that has been allowed by the department to collect fewer than five
				  samples in accordance with 41.4(1)
"c"
(3), the sample result
				  with the highest concentration is considered the 90th percentile
				  value.
c.
Lead and copper tap water monitoring requirements.
(1) Sample site selection.
1. General. Public water supply systems shall
				  complete a materials evaluation of their distribution systems by the date
				  indicated in 41.4( 1)
"c"
(4) in order to identify a pool of
				  sampling sites that meets the requirements of this subrule, and which is
				  sufficiently large to ensure that the water system can collect the number of
				  lead and copper tap samples required in 41.4(1)
"c"
(3). All
				  sites from which first-draw samples are collected shall be selected from this
				  pool of targeted sampling sites. Sampling sites may not include faucets that
				  have point-of-use or point-of-entry treatment devices designed to remove
				  inorganic contaminants.
2.
				  Information sources. A public water supply system shall use the information on
				  lead, copper and galvanized steel that it is required to collect under
				  41.4(1)
"f"
as part of its responsibility for the special
				  monitoring for corrosivity characteristics when conducting a materials
				  evaluation. When an evaluation of the information collected is insufficient to
				  locate the requisite number of lead and copper sampling sites that meet the
				  targeting criteria in 41.4(1)
"c"
(1), the water system shall
				  review all plumbing codes, permits, and records in the files of the building
				  department(s) which indicate the plumbing materials that are installed within
				  publicly and privately owned structures connected to the distribution system;
				  all inspections and records of the distribution system that indicate the
				  material composition of the service connections that connect a structure to the
				  distribution system; and all existing water quality information, which includes
				  the results of all prior analyses of the system or individual structures
				  connected to the system, indicating locations that may be particularly
				  susceptible to high lead or copper concentrations. In addition, the system
				  shall seek to collect such information where possible in the course of its
				  normal operations (e.g., checking service line materials when reading water
				  meters or performing maintenance activities).
3. Tier 1 community sampling sites. The
				  sampling sites selected for a community water system's sampling pool ("tier 1
				  sampling sites") shall consist of single-family structures that contain copper
				  pipes with lead solder installed after 1982 or contain lead pipes; or are
				  served by a lead service line. When multiple-family residences comprise at
				  least 20 percent of the structures served by a water system, the system may
				  include these types of structures in its sampling pool.
4. Tier 2 community sampling sites. Any
				  community water system with insufficient tier 1 sampling sites shall complete
				  its sampling pool with "tier 2 sampling sites," consisting of buildings,
				  including multiple-family residences that contain copper pipes with lead solder
				  installed after 1982 or contain lead pipes; or are served by a lead service
				  line.
5. Tier 3 community sampling
				  sites. Any community water system with insufficient Tier 1 and Tier 2 sampling
				  sites shall complete its sampling pool with "Tier 3 sampling sites," consisting
				  of single-family structures that contain copper pipes with lead solder
				  installed before 1983. A community water system with insufficient Tier 1, Tier
				  2, and Tier 3 sampling sites shall complete its sampling pool with
				  representative sites throughout the distribution system. A representative site
				  is defined as a site in which the plumbing materials used at that site would be
				  commonly found at other sites served by the water system.
6. Tier 1 NTNC sampling sites. The sampling
				  sites selected for a nontransient noncommunity water system ("tier 1 sampling
				  sites") shall consist of buildings that: contain copper pipes with lead solder
				  installed after 1982 or contain lead pipes; or are served by a lead service
				  line.
7. Other NTNC sampling sites.
				  A nontransient noncommunity water system with insufficient Tier 1 sites that
				  meet the targeting criteria in 41.4(1)
"c"
(1)"6" shall
				  complete its sampling pool with sampling sites that contain copper pipes with
				  lead solder installed before 1983. If additional sites are needed to complete
				  the sampling pool, the NTNC system shall use representative sites throughout
				  the distribution system. A representative site is defined as a site in which
				  the plumbing materials used at that site would be commonly found at other sites
				  served by the water system.
8. LSL
				  sampling sites. Any public water supply system whose distribution system
				  contains lead service lines shall draw 50 percent of the samples it collects
				  during each monitoring period from sites that contain lead pipes, or copper
				  pipes with lead solder, and 50 percent of those samples from sites served by a
				  lead service line. A water system that cannot identify a sufficient number of
				  sampling sites served by a lead service line shall collect first-draw samples
				  from all of the sites identified as being served by such lines.
(2) Sample collection methods.
1. Tap samples for lead and copper collected
				  in accordance with this subparagraph, with the exception of lead service line
				  samples collected under 567-subrule 43.7(4) and
				  41.4(1)
"c"
(2)"5," shall be first-draw samples.
2. First-draw tap samples for lead and copper
				  shall be one liter in volume and have stood motionless in the plumbing system
				  of each sampling site for at least six hours. First-draw samples from
				  residential housing shall be collected from the cold-water kitchen tap or
				  bathroom sink tap. First-draw samples from a nonresidential building shall be
				  collected at an interior tap from which water is typically drawn for
				  consumption. Non-first-draw samples collected in lieu of first-draw samples
				  pursuant to 41.4(l)
"c"
(2)"5" shall be one liter in volume and
				  shall be collected at an interior tap from which water is typically drawn for
				  consumption. First-draw samples may be collected by the system or the system
				  may allow residents to collect first-draw samples after instructing the
				  residents of the sampling procedures specified in this paragraph. To avoid
				  problems of residents handling nitric acid, acidification of first-draw samples
				  may be done up to 14 days after the sample is collected. After acidification to
				  resolubilize the metals, the sample must stand in the original container for
				  the time specified in the approved EPA method before the sample can be
				  analyzed. If a system allows residents to perform sampling, the system may not
				  challenge, based on alleged errors in sample collection, the accuracy of
				  sampling results.
3. Service line
				  samples collected to determine if the service line is directly contributing
				  lead (as described in 567-subrule 43.7(4)) shall be one liter in volume and
				  have stood motionless in the lead service line for at least six hours and be
				  collected at the tap after flushing the volume of water between the tap and the
				  lead service line. The volume of water shall be calculated based on the
				  interior diameter and length of the pipe between the tap and the lead service
				  line; tapping directly into the lead service line; or if the sampling site is a
				  building constructed as a single-family residence, allowing the water to run
				  until there is a significant change in temperature which would be indicative of
				  water that has been standing in the lead service line.
4. A public water supply system shall collect
				  each first-draw tap sample from the same sampling site from which it collected
				  a previous sample. If, for any reason, the water system cannot gain entry to a
				  sampling site in order to collect a follow-up tap sample, the system may
				  collect the follow-up tap sample from another sampling site in its sampling
				  pool as long as the new site meets the same targeting criteria, and is within
				  reasonable proximity of the original site.
5. An NTNC system, or a CWS system that meets
				  the criteria of 567-subparagraph 42.2(2)
"b"
(7) that does not
				  have enough taps that can supply first-draw samples, as defined in
				  567-402. (455B), may apply to
				  the department in writing to substitute non-first-draw samples. Such systems
				  must collect as many first-draw samples from appropriate taps as possible and
				  identify sampling times and locations that would likely result in the longest
				  standing time for the remaining sites. The department may waive the requirement
				  for prior department approval of non-first-draw sample sites selected by the
				  system, through written notification to the system.
(3) Number of samples. Water systems shall
				  collect at least one sample during each monitoring period specified in
				  41.4(1)
"c"
(4) from the number of sites as listed in the
				  column below titled "standard monitoring." A system conducting reduced
				  monitoring under 41.4(1)
"c "
(4) shall collect at least one
				  sample from the number of sites specified in the column titled "reduced
				  monitoring" during each monitoring period specified in
				  41.4(1)
"c"
(4). Such reduced monitoring sites shall be
				  representative of the sites required for standard monitoring. A public water
				  system that has fewer than five drinking water taps that can be used for human
				  consumption meeting the sample site criteria of 41.4(1)
"c"
(1)
				  to reach the required number of sample sites listed in
				  41.4(1)
"c"
(3)must collect at least one sample from each tap
				  and then must collect additional samples from those taps on different days
				  during the monitoring period to meet the required number of sites.
				  Alternatively, the department may allow these systems to collect a number of
				  samples less than the number of sites specified in
				  41.4(1)
"c"
(1), provided that 100 percent of all taps that can
				  be used for human consumption are sampled. The department must approve this
				  reduction of the minimum number of samples in writing based upon a request from
				  the system or on-site verification by the department. The department may
				  specify sampling locations when a system is conducting reduced
				  monitoring.
REQUIRED NUMBER OF LEAD/COPPER SAMPLES
System Size (Number of People Served)
Standard Monitoring (Number of Sites)
Reduced Monitoring (Number of Sites)
greater than 100,000
100
50
10,001 to 100,000
60
30
3,301 to 10,000
40
20
501 to 3,300
20
10
101 to 500
10
5
less than or equal to 100
5
5
(4) Timing of
				  monitoring.
1. Initial tap sampling. The first
				  six-month monitoring period for small, medium-size and large systems shall
				  begin on the following dates:
System Size (Number of People Served)
First Six-month Monitoring Period Begins on:
greater than 50,000 (large system)
January 1, 1992
3,301 to 50,000 (medium system)
July 1, 1992
less than or equal to 3,300 (small system)
July 1, 1993
All large systems shall monitor during two consecutive
					 six-month periods. All small and medium-size systems shall monitor during each
					 six-month monitoring period until the system exceeds the lead or copper action
					 level and is, therefore, required to implement the corrosion control treatment
					 requirements under 567-paragraph 43.7(1)
"a"
in which case the
					 system shall continue monitoring in accordance with 41.4(1)
"c"
(4), or the system meets the lead and copper action levels during two
					 consecutive six-month monitoring periods, in which case the system may reduce
					 monitoring in accordance with 41.4(1) V(4).
2. Monitoring after installation of corrosion
				  control and source water treatment. Large systems which install optimal
				  corrosion control treatment pursuant to 567-subparagraph
				  43.7(1)
"d
" (4) shall monitor during two consecutive six-month
				  monitoring periods by the date specified in 567-subparagraph
				  43.7(1)
"d"
(5). Small or medium-size systems which install
				  optimal corrosion control treatment pursuant to 567-subparagraph
				  43.7(1)
"e"
(5) shall monitor during two consecutive six-month
				  monitoring periods as specified in 567-subparagraph 43.7(1)
"e
				  "
(6). Systems which install source water treatment shall monitor
				  during two consecutive six-month monitoring periods by the date specified in
				  567-subparagraph 43.7(3)
"a"
(4).
3. Monitoring after the department specifies
				  water quality parameter values for optimal corrosion control. After the
				  department specifies the values for water quality control parameters under
				  567-paragraph 43.7(2)
''f"
the system shall monitor during each
				  subsequent six-month monitoring period, with the first monitoring period to
				  begin on the date the department specifies the optimal values under
				  567-paragraph 43.7(2)
"f. "
4. Reduced monitoring.
* A small or medium-size water system that meets the lead
					 and copper action levels during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring
					 periods may reduce the number of lead and copper samples according to
					 41.4(1)
"c"
(3) and reduce the frequency of sampling to once per
					 year. A small or medium-size water system collecting fewer than five samples as
					 specified in 41.4(1)
"c"
(3) that meets the lead and copper
					 action levels during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods may
					 reduce the frequency of sampling to once per year. The system may not ever
					 reduce the number of samples required below the minimum of one sample per
					 available tap. This sampling shall begin during the calendar year immediately
					 following the end of the second consecutive six-month monitoring period.
* Any public water supply system that meets the lead action
					 level and maintains the range of values for the water quality control
					 parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment specified by the
					 department under 567-paragraph 43.7(2)
"f"
during each of two
					 consecutive six-month monitoring periods may reduce the monitoring frequency to
					 once per year and reduce the number of lead and copper samples according to
					 41.4(1)
"c"
(3), upon written approval by the department. This
					 sampling shall begin during the calendar year immediately following the end of
					 the second consecutive six-month monitoring period. The department shall review
					 monitoring, treatment, and other relevant information submitted by the water
					 system in accordance with 567-subrule 42.4(2), and shall notify the system in
					 writing when it determines that the system is eligible to commence reduced
					 monitoring. The department will review and, where appropriate, revise its
					 determination when the system submits new monitoring or treatment data, or when
					 other data relevant to the number and frequency of tap sampling becomes
					 available.
* A small or medium-size water system that meets the lead
					 and copper action levels during three consecutive years of monitoring may
					 reduce the frequency of monitoring for lead and copper from annually to once
					 every three years. Any water system that meets the lead action level and
					 maintains the range of values for the water quality control parameters
					 reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment specified by the department
					 under 567-paragraph 43.7(2)
"f"
during three consecutive years
					 of monitoring may reduce the frequency of monitoring from annually to once
					 every three years if it receives written approval by the department. Samples
					 collected once every three years shall be collected no later than every third
					 calendar year. The department shall review monitoring, treatment, and other
					 relevant information submitted by the water system in accordance with
					 567-subrule 42.4(2), and shall notify the system in writing when it determines
					 that the system is eligible to reduce the monitoring frequency to once every
					 three years. The department will review and, where appropriate, revise its
					 determination when the system submits new monitoring or treatment data, or when
					 other data relevant to the number and frequency of tap sampling becomes
					 available.
* A water system that reduces the number and frequency of
					 sampling shall collect these samples from sites included in the pool of
					 targeted sampling sites identified in 41.4(1)
"c"
(1). Systems
					 sampling annually or less frequently shall conduct the lead and copper tap
					 sampling during the months of June through September, unless the department, at
					 its discretion, has approved a different sampling period. If approved by the
					 department, the period shall be no longer than four consecutive months and must
					 represent a time of normal operation where the highest levels of lead are most
					 likely to occur. The department shall designate a period that represents a time
					 of normal operation for an NTNC system that does not operate during the months
					 of June through September, and for which the period of normal operation where
					 the highest levels of lead are most likely to occur is not known. This sampling
					 shall begin during the period approved or designated by the department in the
					 calendar year immediately following the end of the second consecutive six-month
					 monitoring period for systems initiating annual monitoring and during the
					 three-year period following the end of the third consecutive calendar year of
					 annual monitoring for systems initiating triennial monitoring.
Systems monitoring annually that have been collecting
					 samples during the months of June through September and that receive department
					 approval to alter their sample collection period must collect their next round
					 of samples during a time period that ends no later than 21 months after the
					 previous round of sampling.
Systems monitoring triennially that have been collecting
					 samples during the months of June through September and that receive department
					 approval to alter the sampling collection period must collect their next round
					 of samples during a time period that ends no later than 45 months after the
					 previous round of sampling.
Subsequent rounds of sampling must be collected annually or
					 triennially, as required by 41.4(1)
"c. "
Small systems that have been granted waivers pursuant to
					 41.4(1)
"c "
(7), that have been collecting samples during the
					 months of June through September and that receive department approval to alter
					 their sample collection period as previously stated must collect their next
					 round of samples before the end of the nine-year period.
* Any water system that demonstrates for two consecutive
					 six-month monitoring periods that the 90th percentile tap water level computed
					 under 41.4(1)
"b"
(3) is less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L for
					 lead and is less than or equal to 0.65 mg/L for copper may reduce the number of
					 samples in accordance with 41.4(1)
"c"
(3) and reduce the
					 frequency of sampling to once every three calendar years, if approved by the
					 department.
* A small or medium-size water system subject to reduced
					 monitoring that exceeds the lead or copper action level shall resume sampling
					 according to 41.4(1)
"c"
(4)"3" and collect the number of
					 samples specified for standard monitoring in 41.4(1)
"c"
(3).
					 Any such system shall also conduct water quality parameter monitoring in
					 accordance with 41.4(1)
"d"
(2), (3), or (4), as appropriate,
					 during the monitoring period in which it exceeded the action level. Any such
					 system may resume annual monitoring for lead and copper at the tap at the
					 reduced number of sites specified in 41.4(1)
"c "
(3) after it
					 has completed two subsequent consecutive six-month rounds of monitoring that
					 meet the criteria of 41.4(1)
"c"
(4)"4," first bulleted
					 paragraph, and may resume triennial monitoring for lead and copper at the
					 reduced number of sites after it demonstrates through subsequent rounds of
					 monitoring that it meets the criteria of either 41.4(1)
"c"
(4)"4," third bulleted paragraph or fifth bulleted
					 paragraph, and has received department approval.
Any water system subject to reduced monitoring frequency
					 that fails to meet the lead action level during any four-month monitoring
					 period or that fails to operate at or above the minimum value or within the
					 range of values for the water quality control parameters specified by the
					 department under 567-paragraph 43.7(2)
"f"
for more than nine
					 days in any six-month period specified in 41.4(1)
"d"
(4) shall
					 resume tap water sampling according to 41.4(1)
"c"
(4)"3,"
					 collect the number of samples specified for standard monitoring in
					 41.4(1)
"c"
(3), and resume monitoring for water quality
					 parameters within the distribution system in accordance with
					 41.4(1)
"d"
(4). This standard tap water sampling shall begin no
					 later than the six-month period beginning January 1 of the calendar year
					 following the lead action level exceedance or water quality parameter
					 excursion. The system may resume reduced monitoring for lead and copper at the
					 tap and for water quality parameters within the distribution system under the
					 following conditions:
The system may resume annual monitoring for lead and copper
					 at the tap at the reduced number of sites specified in
					 41.4(1)
"c"
(3) after it has completed two subsequent six-month
					 rounds of monitoring that meet the criteria of 41.4(1)
"c"
(4)"4," second bulleted paragraph, and upon written
					 approval from the department to resume reduced annual monitoring. This sampling
					 shall begin during the calendar year immediately following the end of the
					 second consecutive six-month monitoring period.
The system may resume triennial monitoring for lead and
					 copper at the tap at the reduced number of sites after it demonstrates through
					 subsequent rounds of monitoring that it meets the criteria of either 41.4(1)
"c"
(4)"4," third bulleted paragraph or fifth bulleted
					 paragraph, and upon written approval from the department to resume triennial
					 monitoring.
The system may reduce the number of water quality parameter
					 tap water samples required in 41.4(1)
"d"
(5)"1" and the
					 sampling frequency required in 41.4(1)
"d"
(5)"2." Such a
					 system may not resume triennial monitoring for water quality parameters at the
					 tap until it demonstrates that it has requalified for triennial monitoring,
					 pursuant to 41.4(1)
"d"
(5)"2."
* Any water system subject to a reduced monitoring
					 frequency under 41.4(1)
"c"
(4)"4" must notify the department in
					 writing in accordance with 567-subparagraph 42.4(2)
"a"
(3) of
					 any upcoming long-term change in treatment or addition of a new source as
					 described in that subparagraph. The department must review and approve the
					 addition of a new source or long-term change in water treatment before it is
					 implemented by the system. The department may require the system to resume
					 sampling pursuant to 41.4(1)
"c"
(4)"3" and collect the number
					 of samples specified for standard monitoring under
					 41.4(1)
"c"
(3), or take other appropriate steps such as
					 increased water quality parameter monitoring or reevaluation of its corrosion
					 control treatment given the potentially different water quality
					 considerations.
(5) Additional monitoring by systems. The
				  results of any monitoring conducted in addition to the minimum requirements of
				  41.4(1)
"c"
shall be considered by the system and the
				  department in making any determinations (i.e., calculating the 90th percentile
				  lead or copper level) under this subrule.
(6) Invalidation of lead or copper tap water
				  samples. A sample invalidated under this paragraph does not count toward
				  determining the lead or copper 90th percentile levels under 41.4(1)
"b
				  "
(3) or toward meeting the minimum monitoring requirements of
				  41.4(1)
"c"
(3).
1. The
				  department may invalidate a lead or copper tap water sample if at least one of
				  the following conditions is met:
* The laboratory establishes that improper sample analysis
					 caused erroneous results.
* The department determines that the sample was taken from
					 a site that did not meet the site selection criteria of 567-41.4 (455B).
* The sample container was damaged in transit to the
					 laboratory.
* There is a substantial reason to believe that the sample
					 was subject to tampering.
* The sample is not representative of water that would be
					 consumed from the tap.
* The department determined that a major disruption of the
					 water flow occurred in the system or building plumbing prior to sample
					 collection, which resulted in lead or copper levels that were not
					 representative of the system.
2. The system must report the results of all
				  samples to the department and all supporting documentation for samples the
				  system believes should be invalidated.
3. To invalidate a sample under 41.4(1)
"c"
(6)"1," the decision and the rationale for the decision
				  must be documented in writing. The department may not invalidate a sample
				  solely on the grounds that a follow-up sample result is higher or lower than
				  that of the original sample.
4. The
				  system must collect replacement samples for any samples invalidated under
				  subparagraph 41.4(1)
"c"
(6) if, after the invalidation of one
				  or more samples, the system has too few samples to meet the minimum
				  requirements of 41.4(1)
"c"
(3). Any such replacement samples
				  must be taken as soon as possible, but no later than 20 days after the date the
				  department invalidates the sample, or by the end of the applicable monitoring
				  period, whichever occurs later. Replacement samples taken after the end of the
				  applicable monitoring period shall not also be used to meet the monitoring
				  requirements of a subsequent monitoring period. The replacement samples shall
				  be taken at the same locations as the invalidated samples or, if that is not
				  possible, at locations other than those already used for sampling during the
				  monitoring period.
(7)
				  Monitoring waivers for small systems. Any small system that meets the criteria
				  of this subparagraph may apply to the department to reduce the frequency of
				  monitoring for lead and copper under subrule 41.4(1) to once every nine years
				  if it meets all of the materials criteria specified in
				  41.4(1)
"c"
(7)"1" and the monitoring criteria specified in
				  41.4(1)
"c"
(7)"2."
1.
				  Materials criteria. The system must demonstrate that its distribution system
				  and service lines and all drinking water supply plumbing, including plumbing
				  conveying drinking water within all residences and buildings connected to the
				  system, are free of lead-containing materials and copper-containing materials,
				  as defined below:
* Lead. The water system must provide certification and
					 supporting documentation to the department that the system is free of all
					 lead-containing materials. The system does not contain any plastic pipes which
					 contain lead plasticizers, or plastic service lines which contain lead
					 plasticizers. The system must be free of lead service lines, lead pipes, lead
					 soldered pipe joints, and leaded brass or bronze alloy fittings and fixtures,
					 unless such fittings and fixtures meet the specifications of any standard
					 established pursuant to
					 42 U.S.C.
					 300 -g-6(e).
* Copper. The water system must provide certification and
					 supporting documentation to the department that the system contains no copper
					 pipes or copper service lines.
2. Monitoring criteria. The system must have
				  completed at least one six-month round of standard tap water monitoring for
				  lead and copper at sites approved by the department and from the number of
				  sites required by 41.4(1)
"c"
(3), and demonstrate that the 90th
				  percentile levels for any and all rounds of monitoring conducted since the
				  system became free of all lead-containing and copper-containing materials meet
				  the following criteria:
* Lead levels. The system must demonstrate that the 90th
					 percentile lead level does not exceed 0.005 mg/L.
* Copper levels. The system must demonstrate that the 90th
					 percentile copper level does not exceed 0.65 mg/L.
3. Department approval of waiver application.
				  The department shall notify the system of its waiver determination in writing,
				  including the basis of its decision and any condition of the waiver. The
				  department may require as a waiver condition that the system conduct specific
				  activities, such as limited monitoring and periodic outreach to customers to
				  remind them to avoid installation of materials that would void the waiver. The
				  system must continue monitoring for lead and copper at the tap as required by
				  41.4(1)
"c"
(4)"1" through "4," as appropriate, until the
				  system receives written approval for the waiver from the department.
4. Monitoring frequency of systems with
				  waivers.
* A system must conduct tap water monitoring for lead and
					 copper in accordance with 41.4(1)
"c"
(4)"4" at the reduced
					 number of sampling sites identified in subparagraph 41.4(1)
"c"
(3) at least once every nine years and provide the materials certification
					 specified in 41.4(1)
"c"
(7)"1" for both lead and copper to the
					 department along with the monitoring results. Samples collected every nine
					 years shall be collected no later than every ninth calendar year.
* A system with a waiver must notify the department in
					 writing pursuant to 567-subparagraph 42.4(2)
"a"
(3) of any
					 upcoming long-term change in treatment or addition of a new source, as
					 described in that subparagraph. The department must review and approve the
					 addition of a new source or long-term change in water treatment before it is
					 implemented by the system. The department has the authority to require the
					 system to add or modify waiver conditions, such as to require recertification
					 that the system is free of lead-containing and copper-containing materials or
					 to require additional monitoring, if the department deems such modifications
					 are necessary to address treatment or source water changes at the
					 system.
* If a system with a waiver becomes aware that it is no
					 longer free of lead-containing or copper-containing materials, such as from new
					 construction or repairs, the system shall notify the department in writing no
					 later than 60 days after becoming aware of such a change.
5. Continued eligibility. If the system
				  continues to satisfy the requirements of 41.4(1)
"c"
(7)"4,"
				  the waiver will be renewed automatically, unless any of the conditions listed
				  below occur. A system whose waiver has been revoked may reapply for a waiver at
				  such time as it again meets the appropriate materials and monitoring criteria
				  of 41.4(1)
"c"
(7)"2" and 41.4(1) V(7)"2."
* A system no longer satisfies the materials criteria of
					 41.4(1)
"c"
(7)"1," or has a 90th percentile lead level greater
					 than 0.005 mg/L or a 90th percentile copper level greater than 0.65
					 mg/L.
* The department notifies the system in writing that the
					 waiver has been revoked, including the basis of its decision.
6. Requirements following waiver revocation.
				  A system whose waiver has been revoked by the department is subject to the
				  corrosion control treatment and lead and copper tap water monitoring
				  requirements as follows:
* If the system exceeds the lead or copper action level,
					 the system must implement corrosion control treatment in accordance with the
					 deadlines specified in 567-paragraph 43.7(1)
"e, "
and any
					 other applicable parts of 567-41.4 (455B).
* If the system meets both the lead and copper action
					 levels, the system must monitor for lead and copper at the tap no less
					 frequently than once every three years using the reduced number of sample sites
					 specified in subparagraph 41.4(1)
"c"
(3).
d.
Water
				  quality parameter monitoring requirements.
All large public water
				  supply systems (and all small and medium-size public water supply systems that
				  exceed the lead or copper action level) shall monitor water quality parameters
				  in addition to lead and copper in accordance with this subrule. The
				  requirements of this subrule are summarized in the table at the end of
				  41.4(1)
"d"
(6). The water quality parameters must be reported
				  in accordance with the monthly operation report requirements listed in
				  567-subrule 42.4(3).
(1) General
				  requirements.
1. Sample collection methods.
				  Tap samples shall be representative of water quality throughout the
				  distribution system taking into account the number of persons served, the
				  different sources of water, the different treatment methods employed by the
				  system, and seasonal variability. Tap sampling under this subrule is not
				  required to be conducted at taps targeted for lead and copper sampling under
				  41.4(1)
"c"
(1)"1." Systems may conduct tap sampling for water
				  quality parameters at sites used for coliform sampling. Samples collected at
				  the entry point(s) to the distribution system shall be from locations
				  representative of each source after treatment. If a system draws water from
				  more than one source and the sources are combined before distribution, the
				  system must sample at an entry point to the distribution system during periods
				  of normal operating conditions (i.e., when water is representative of all
				  sources being used).
2. Number of
				  samples.
* Systems shall collect two tap samples for applicable
					 water quality parameters during each monitoring period specified in
					 41.4(1)
"d"
(2) through (5) from the following number of
					 sites.
REQUIRED NUMBER OF SAMPLES: WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS
System Size (Number of People Served)
Number of Sites for Water Quality
								  Parameters
greater than 100,000
25
10,001 to 100,000
10
3,301 to 10,000
3
501 to 3,300
2
101 to 500
1
less than or equal to 100
1
* Except as provided in 41.4(1)
"d"
(3) "3,"
					 systems shall collect two samples for each applicable water quality parameter
					 at each entry point to the distribution system during each six-month monitoring
					 period specified in 41.4(1)
"d"
(2). During each monitoring
					 period specified in 41.4(1)
"d"
(2). During each monitoring
					 period specified in 41.4(1)
"d"
(3) through (5), systems shall
					 collect one sample for each applicable water quality parameter at each entry
					 point to the distribution system.
(2) Initial sampling. Large water systems
				  shall measure the applicable water quality parameters as specified below at
				  taps and at each entry point to the distribution system during each six-month
				  monitoring period specified in 41.4(1)
"c"
(4)"l." Small and
				  medium-size systems shall measure the applicable water quality parameters at
				  taps and at each entry point to the distribution system during each six-month
				  monitoring period specified in 41.4(1)
"c"
(4)"1" during which
				  the system exceeds the lead or copper action level. Tap water and entry point
				  monitoring shall include: pH; alkalinity; orthophosphate, when an inhibitor
				  containing a phosphate compound is used; silica, when an inhibitor containing a
				  silicate compound is used; calcium; conductivity; and water
				  temperature.
(3) Monitoring after
				  installation of corrosion control. Large systems which install optimal
				  corrosion control treatment pursuant to 567-subparagraph
				  43.7(1)
"d
"(4) shall measure the water quality parameters at
				  the locations and frequencies specified below during each six-month monitoring
				  period specified in 41.4(1)
"c"
(4)"2." Small or medium-size
				  systems which install optimal corrosion control treatment shall conduct such
				  monitoring during each six-month monitoring period specified in 41.4(1)
"c"
(4)"2" in which the system exceeds the lead or copper
				  action level.
1. Tap water monitoring shall
				  include two samples for: pH; alkalinity; orthophosphate, when an inhibitor
				  containing a phosphate compound is used; silica, when an inhibitor containing a
				  silicate compound is used; calcium, when calcium carbonate stabilization is
				  used as part of corrosion control.
2. Except as provided for in
				  41.4(1)
"d"
(3) "3," monitoring at each entry point to the
				  distribution system shall include one sample every two weeks (biweekly) for:
				  pH; a reading of the dosage rate of the chemical used to adjust alkalinity, and
				  the alkalinity concentration when alkalinity is adjusted as part of optimal
				  corrosion control; and a reading of the dosage rate of the inhibitor used, and
				  the concentration of orthophosphate or silica (whichever is applicable) when a
				  corrosion inhibitor is used as part of optimal corrosion control.
3. Any groundwater system can limit entry
				  point sampling described in 41.4(1)
"d"
(3)"3" to those entry
				  points that are representative of water quality and treatment conditions
				  throughout the system. If water from untreated groundwater sources mixes with
				  water from treated groundwater sources, the system must monitor for water
				  quality parameters both at representative entry points receiving treatment and
				  representative entry points receiving no treatment. Prior to the start of any
				  monitoring under this paragraph, the system shall provide to the department
				  written information identifying the selected entry points and documentation
				  sufficient to demonstrate that the sites are representative of water quality
				  and treatment conditions throughout the system, including information on
				  seasonal variability.
(4) Monitoring after the department specifies
				  water quality parameter values for optimal corrosion control. After the
				  department specifies the values for applicable water quality control parameters
				  reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment, all large systems shall measure
				  the applicable water quality parameters according to
				  41.4(1)
"d"
(3) and determine compliance with the requirements
				  of 567-paragraph 43.7(2)
"g"
every six months, with the first
				  six-month period to begin on either January 1 or July 1, whichever comes first,
				  after the department specifies the optimal values under 567-paragraph
				  43.7(2)'/" Any small or medium-size system shall conduct such monitoring during
				  each monitoring period specified in 41.4(1)
"c"
(4)"3" in which
				  the system exceeds the lead or copper action level. For any such small and
				  medium-size system that is subject to a reduced monitoring frequency pursuant
				  to 41.4(1)
"c"
(4)"4" at the time of the action level
				  exceedance, the start of the applicable six-month monitoring period under this
				  paragraph shall coincide with the end of the applicable monitoring period under
				  41.4(1)
"c"
(4)"4." Compliance with department-designated
				  optimal water quality parameter values shall be determined as specified in
				  567-paragraph 43.7(2)
"g. "
(5) Reduced monitoring.
1. Public water supply systems that maintain
				  the range of values for the water quality parameters reflecting optimal
				  corrosion control treatment during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring
				  periods under 41.4(1)
"c"
(4)shall continue monitoring at the
				  entry point(s) to the distribution system as specified in 567-paragraph
				  43.7(2)
"f. "
Such system may collect two tap samples for
				  applicable water quality parameters from the following reduced number of sites
				  during each six-month monitoring period.
REDUCED WATER QUALITY PARAMETER MONITORING
System Size (Number of People Served)
Reduced Number of Sites for Water Quality
								Parameters
greater than 100,000
10
10,001 to 100,000
7
3,301 to 10,000
3
501 to 3,300
2
101 to 500
1
less than or equal to 100
1
2. A
				  public water system that maintains the range of values for the water quality
				  parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment specified by the
				  department under 567-paragraph 43.7(2)
"f"
during three
				  consecutive years of monitoring may reduce the frequency with which the system
				  collects the number of tap samples for applicable water quality parameters
				  specified in 41.4(1)
"d"
(5) from every six months to annually.
				  This sampling shall begin during the calendar year immediately following the
				  end of the monitoring period in which the third consecutive year of six-month
				  monitoring occurs. Any system that maintains the range of values for the water
				  quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment specified by
				  the department under 567-paragraph 43.7(2)
"f"
during three
				  consecutive years of annual monitoring may reduce the frequency with which it
				  collects the number of tap samples for applicable water quality parameters
				  specified in 41.4(1)
"d"
(5) from annually to every three
				  years. This sampling shall begin no later than the third calendar year
				  following the end of the monitoring period in which the third consecutive year
				  of monitoring occurs.
A water system may reduce the frequency with which it
					 collects tap samples for applicable water quality parameters specified in
					 41.4(1)
"d"
(5)
"1"
to every three years if it
					 demonstrates during two consecutive monitoring periods that its tap water lead
					 level at the 90th percentile is less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L, that its tap
					 water copper level at the 90th percentile is less than or equal to 0.65 mg/L,
					 and that it also has maintained the range of values for the water quality
					 parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment specified by the
					 department under 567-paragraph 43.7(2)
"f. "
Monitoring
					 conducted every three years shall be done no later than every third calendar
					 year.
3. A public water
				  system that conducts sampling annually shall collect these samples evenly
				  throughout the year so as to reflect seasonal variability.
4. Any water system subject to the reduced
				  monitoring frequency that fails to operate at or above the minimum value or
				  within the range of values for the water quality parameters specified by the
				  department under 567-paragraph 43.7(2)
"f"
for more than nine
				  days in any six-month period specified in 567-paragraph
				  43.7(2)
"g"
shall resume distribution system tap water sampling
				  in accordance with the number and frequency requirements in
				  41.4(1)
"d"
(3). Such a system may resume annual monitoring for
				  water quality parameters at the tap at the reduced number of sites specified in
				  41.4(1)
"d"
(5)"1" after it has completed two subsequent
				  consecutive six-month rounds of monitoring that meet the criteria of that
				  paragraph or may resume triennial monitoring for water quality parameters at
				  the tap at the reduced number of sites after it demonstrates through subsequent
				  rounds of monitoring that it meets the criteria in 41.4(1)
"d"
(5)"2."
(6) Additional monitoring by systems. The
				  results of any monitoring conducted in addition to the minimum requirements of
				  this subrule shall be considered in making any determinations (i.e.,
				  determining concentrations of water quality parameters) under this subrule or
				  567-subrule 43.7(2).
SUMMARY OF MONITORING REQUIREMENTS FOR WATER QUALITY
					 PARAMETERS1
Monitoring Period
Location
Parameters2
Frequency
Initial Monitoring
Taps and at entry point(s) to distribution
								  systems
pH, alkalinity, orthophosphate or
								  silica3, calcium, conductivity, temperature
Every 6 months
After Installation of Corrosion Control
Taps
pH, alkalinity, orthophosphate or
								  silica3, calcium4
Every 6 months
Entry point(s) to distribution
								  system6
pH, alkalinity, if alkalinity is adjusted as part
								  of corrosion control then include the chemical additive dosage rate and
								  concentration, inhibitor dosage rate and inhibitor
								  residual5
At least every two weeks
After Department Specifies Parameter Values for
								  Optimal Corrosion Control
Taps
pH, alkalinity, orthophosphate or
								  silica3, calcium4
Every 6 months
Entry point(s) to distribution
								  system6
pH, alkalinity, if alkalinity is adjusted as part
								  of corrosion control then include the chemical additive dosage rate and
								  concentration, inhibitor dosage rate and inhibitor
								  residual5
At least every two weeks
Reduced Monitoring
Taps
pH, alkalinity, orthophosphate or
								  silica3, calcium4
Every 6 months,
								  annually7, or every 3
								  years8, at a reduced number of sites
Entry point(s) to distribution
								  system6
pH, alkalinity, if alkalinity is adjusted as part
								  of corrosion control then include the chemical additive dosage rate and
								  concentration, inhibitor dosage rate and inhibitor
								  residual5
At least every two weeks
1Table is for illustrative
					 purposes; consult the text of this subrule for precise regulatory
					 requirements.
2Small and medium-size systems
					 have to monitor for water quality parameters only during monitoring periods in
					 which the system exceeds the lead or copper action level.
3Orthophosphate must be measured
					 only when an inhibitor containing a phosphate compound is used. Silica must be
					 measured only when an inhibitor containing silicate compound is used.
4Calcium must be measured only
					 when calcium carbonate stabilization is used as part of corrosion
					 control.
5Inhibitor dosage rates and
					 inhibitor residual concentrations (orthophosphate or silica) must be measured
					 only when an inhibitor is used.
6Groundwater systems may limit
					 monitoring to representative locations throughout the systems.
7Water systems may reduce
					 frequency of monitoring for water quality parameters at the tap from every six
					 months to annually if they have maintained the range of values for water
					 quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control during three
					 consecutive years of monitoring.
8Water systems may further
					 reduce the frequency of monitoring for water quality parameters at the tap from
					 annually to once every three years if they have maintained the range of values
					 for water quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control during three
					 consecutive years of annual monitoring. Water systems may accelerate to
					 triennial monitoring for water quality parameters at the tap if they have
					 maintained 90th percentile lead levels less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L, 90th
					 percentile copper levels less than or equal to 0.65mg/L, and the range of water
					 quality parameters designated by the department under 567-paragraph
					 43.7(2)
"f"
as representing optimal corrosion control during
					 two consecutive six-month monitoring periods.
e.
Lead and copper source water
				  monitoring requirements.
(1) Sample
				  location, collection methods, and number of samples.
1. A water system that fails to meet the lead
				  or copper action level on the basis of tap samples collected in accordance with
				  41.4(1)
"c "
shall collect lead and copper source water samples
				  in accordance with the following requirements regarding sample location, number
				  of samples, and collection methods:
* Groundwater systems shall take a minimum of one sample at
					 every entry point to the distribution system (source entry point) which is
					 representative of each well after treatment. The system shall take one sample
					 at the same source entry point unless conditions make another sampling location
					 more representative of each source or treatment plant.
* Surface water systems and any system with a combination
					 of surface water and groundwater shall take a minimum of one sample at every
					 entry point to the distribution system after any application of treatment or in
					 the distribution system at a point which is representative of each source after
					 treatment. The system shall take each sample at the same sampling point unless
					 conditions make another sampling point more representative of each source or
					 treatment plant.
* If a system draws water from more than one source and the
					 sources are combined before distribution, the system must sample at an entry
					 point to the distribution system during periods of normal operating conditions,
					 when water is representative of all sources being used.
2. Where the results of sampling indicate an
				  exceedance of maximum permissible source water levels established under
				  567-subparagraph 43.7(3)
"b"
(4), the department may require
				  that one additional sample be collected as soon as possible after the initial
				  sample was taken (but not to exceed two weeks) at the same sampling point. If a
				  confirmation sample is taken for lead or copper, then the results of the
				  initial and confirmation samples shall be averaged in determining compliance
				  with the maximum permissible levels. Lead and copper analytical results below
				  the detection limit shall be considered to be zero. Analytical results above
				  the detection limit but below the practical quantification level (PQL) shall
				  either be considered as the measured value or be considered one-half the
				  PQL.
(2) Monitoring
				  after system exceeds tap water action level. Any system which exceeds the lead
				  or copper action level at the tap shall collect one source water sample from
				  each entry point to the distribution system no later than six months after the
				  end of the monitoring period during which the lead or copper action level was
				  exceeded. For monitoring periods that are annual or less frequent, the end of
				  the monitoring period is September 30 of the calendar year in which the
				  sampling occurs or, if the department has established an alternate monitoring
				  period, the last day of that period.
(3) Monitoring after installation of source
				  water treatment. Any system which installs source water treatment pursuant to
				  567-subparagraph 43.7(3)
"a"
(3) shall collect an additional
				  source water sample from each entry point to the distribution system during two
				  consecutive six-month monitoring periods by the deadline specified.
(4) Monitoring frequency after the department
				  specifies maximum permissible source water levels or determines that source
				  water treatment is not needed.
1. A system
				  shall monitor at the frequency specified below in cases where the department
				  specifies maximum permissible source water levels under 567-subparagraph
				  43.7(3)
"b"
(4) or determines that the system is not required
				  to install source water treatment under 567-subparagraph 43.7(3)
"b
				  "
(2). A water system using only groundwater shall collect samples once
				  during the three-year compliance period in effect when the department makes
				  this determination. Such systems shall collect samples once during each
				  subsequent compliance period. Triennial samples shall be collected every third
				  calendar year. A public water system using surface water (or a combination of
				  surface and groundwater) shall collect samples once during each year, the first
				  annual monitoring period to begin during the year in which the department
				  determination is made under this subparagraph.
2. A system using only groundwater is not
				  required to conduct source water sampling for lead or copper if the system
				  meets the action level for the specific contaminant in tap water samples during
				  the entire source water sampling.
(5) Reduced monitoring frequency.
1. A water system using only groundwater may
				  reduce the monitoring frequency for lead and copper in source water to once
				  during each nine-year compliance cycle provided that the samples are collected
				  no later than every ninth calendar year and if the system meets one of the
				  following criteria:
* The system demonstrates that finished drinking water
					 entering the distribution system has been maintained below the maximum
					 permissible lead or copper concentrations specified by the department in
					 567-subparagraph 43.7(3)
"b"
(4) during at least three
					 consecutive compliance periods under 41.4(1)
"e"
(4)"1";
					 or
* The department has determined that source water treatment
					 is not needed and the system demonstrates that, during at least three
					 consecutive compliance periods in which sampling was conducted under
					 41.4(1)
"e
"(4)"1," the concentration of lead in source water
					 was less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L and the concentration of copper in source
					 water was less than or equal to 0.65 mg/L.
2. A water system using surface water (or a
				  combination of surface water and groundwater) may reduce the monitoring
				  frequency in 41.4(1)
"e"
(4)"1" to once during each nine-year
				  compliance cycle provided that the samples are collected no later than every
				  ninth calendar year and if that system meets one of the following criteria:
* The system demonstrates that finished drinking water
					 entering the distribution system has been maintained below the maximum
					 permissible lead and copper concentrations specified by the department in
					 567-subparagraph 43.7(3)
"b"
(4) for at least three consecutive
					 years; or
* The department has determined that source water treatment
					 is not needed and the system demonstrates that, during at least three
					 consecutive years, the concentration of lead in source water was less than or
					 equal to 0.005 mg/L and the concentration of copper in source water was less
					 than or equal to 0.65 mg/L.
3. A water system that uses a new source of
				  water is not eligible for reduced monitoring for lead or copper until
				  concentrations in samples collected from the new source during three
				  consecutive monitoring periods are below the maximum permissible lead and
				  copper concentrations specified.
f.
Corrosivity monitoring
				  protocol
-
special monitoring for corrosivity
				  characteristics.
Suppliers of water for community public water systems
				  shall collect samples from a representative entry point to the water
				  distribution system for the purpose of analysis to determine the corrosivity
				  characteristics of the water. The determination of corrosivity characteristics
				  of water shall only include one round of sampling, except in cases where the
				  department concludes additional monitoring is necessary due to variability of
				  the raw water sources. Sampling requirements and approved analytical methods
				  are as follows:
(1) Surface water systems.
				  Systems utilizing a surface water source either in whole or in part shall
				  collect two samples per plant for the purpose of determining the corrosivity
				  characteristics. One of these samples is to be collected during the midwinter
				  months and the other during midsummer.
(2) Groundwater systems. Systems utilizing
				  groundwater sources shall collect one sample per plant or source, except
				  systems with multiple plants that do not alter the corrosivity characteristics
				  identified in 41.4(1)
"f"
(3) or systems served by multiple
				  wells drawing raw water from a single aquifer may, with departmental approval,
				  be considered one treatment plant or source when determining the number of
				  samples required.
(3) Corrosivity
				  characteristics analytical parameters. Determination of corrosivity
				  characteristics of water shall include measurements of pH, calcium hardness,
				  alkalinity, temperature, total dissolved solids (total filterable residue), and
				  calculation of the Langelier Index. In addition, sulfate and chloride
				  monitoring may be required by the department. At the department's discretion,
				  the Aggressiveness Index test may be substituted for the Langelier Index
				  test.
(4) Corrosivity indices
				  methodology. The following methods must be used to calculate the corrosivity
				  indices:
1. Aggressiveness Index-"ANSI/AWWA
				  C401-93: AWWA Standard for the Selection of Asbestos Cement Pressure Pipe,
				  4"-16" for Water Distribution Systems," American Water Works Association,
				  Denver, CO.
2. Langelier
				  Index-"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater," 14th
				  edition, American Public Health Association, 800 I Street, NW, Washington, DC
				  20001-3710, (1975), Method 203, pp. 61-63.
(5) Distribution system construction
				  materials. Community and nontransient noncommunity water supply systems shall
				  identify whether the following construction materials are present in their
				  distribution system and report to the department:
1. Lead from piping, solder, caulking,
				  interior lining of distribution mains, alloys, and home plumbing.
2. Copper from piping and alloys, service
				  lines, and home plumbing.
3.
				  Galvanized piping, service lines, and home plumbing.
4. Ferrous piping materials such as cast iron
				  and steel.
5. Asbestos cement
				  pipe.
6. Vinyl lined asbestos
				  cement pipe.
7. Coal tar lined
				  pipes and tanks.
8. Pipe with
				  asbestos cement lining.
g. Lead, copper, and water quality parameter
				  analytical methods.
(1) Analytical methods.
				  Analyses for alkalinity, calcium, conductivity, orthophosphate, pH, silica, and
				  temperature may be performed by a Grade I, II, III, or IV certified operator
				  meeting the requirements of 567-Chapter 81, any person under the supervision of
				  a Grade I, II, III, or IV certified operator meeting the requirements of
				  567-Chapter 81, or a laboratory certified by the department to perform analysis
				  under 567-Chapter 83. Analyses under this subrule for lead and copper shall
				  only be conducted by laboratories that have been certified by the department,
				  pursuant to 567-Chapter 83. The following methods must be used:
LEAD, COPPER AND WATER QUALITY PARAMETER ANALYTICAL
					 METHODS
Contaminant
Methodology9
Reference (Method Number)
EPA
ASTM3
SM
SM Online 
								  16
USGS5 or Other
Alkalinity
Titrimetric
D1067-92B, 02B, 06B, 11B
2320 BU. 15.18
2320 B-97
Electrometric titration
I-1030-85
Calcium
EDTA titrimetric
D511-93A, 03A, 09A, 14A
3500-Ca D-4
3500-Ca B-97
3500-Ca B12, 15,
									 18
3500-Ca B-97
Atomic absorption; direct aspiration
D511-93B, 03B, 09B, 14B
31H B4, 15,
									 18
3111 B-99
Inductively coupled plasma
200.72
3120B11,15,18
3120 B-99
Ion chromatography
D6919-03, 09
Axially viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic
								  emission spectrometry (AVICP-AES)
200.5, Rev.
								  4.217
Chloride
Ion chromatography Potentiometric
								  titration
300.08,
								  300.113
D4327-97, 03
4110B11,15
4500-C1- D11.
									 15
4550 B-00
4500-C1-D-97
Argentometric titration
D512-89B (reapproved 1999), D512-04B
4500-C1-311,15
4500-C1-B-97
Capillary ion electrophoresis
D6508, Rev. 214
Conductivity
Conductance
D1125-95A (reapproved 1999), 14A
2510B11,15,18
2510 B-97
Copper6
Atomic absorption; furnace technique
D1688-95C, 02C, 07C, 12C
3113 B4, 15, 18
3113 B-99,04, 10
Atomic absorption; direct aspiration
D1688-95A,
02A, 07A, 12A
3111 B4, 15,
									 18
3111 B-99
Inductively coupled plasma
200.72
3120B11,15,18
3120 B-99
Inductively coupled plasma; mass
								  spectrometry
200.82
Axially viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic
								  emission spectrometry (AVICP-AES)
200.5, Rev.
								  4.217
Atomic absorption; platform furnace
200.92
Colorimetric
Hach
Method
802619
Hach
Method
1027220
Lead6
Atomic absorption; furnace technique
D3559-96D, 03D, 08D
3113 B4,15,18
3113B-99,04, 10
Inductively coupled plasma; mass
								  spectrometry
200.82
Axially viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic
								  emission spectrometry (AVICP-AES)
200.5, Rev.
								  4.217
Atomic absorption; platform furnace
								  technique
200.92
Differential pulse anodic stripping
								  voltammetry
Method 100110
PH
Electrometric
150.11
D1293-95, 99, 12
4500-H+
								  B11,15,18
4500-H+ B-00
150.21
Orthophosphate (Unfiltered, no digestion or
								  hydrolysis)
Colorimetric, automated, ascorbic acid
365.18
4500-P
								  F11,15,18
4500-P F-99
Thermo Fisher Discrete
								  Analyzer2 !
Colorimetric, ascorbic acid, single
								  reagent
D515-88A
4500-P
								  E11,15,18.
4500-P E-99
Colorimetric, phosphomolybdate;
1-1602-85
Automated-segmented flow
1-2601-908
Automated discrete
1-2598-85
Ion chromatography
300.07,
300.113
D4327-97, 03, 11
4110 B11,15,18
4110 B-00
Capillary ion electrophoresis
D6508, Rev. 2M
Silica
Colorimetric, molybdate blue
1-1700-85
Automated-segmented flow Colorimetric
D859-95, 00, 05, 10
1-2700-85
Molybdosilicate
4500-Si D4,
4500-SiO2 C-97
4500-SiO2 C 
								  12,15,18
4500-SiO2 C-97
Heteropoly blue
4500-Si E15
4500-SiO2 D-97
4500-SiO2
								  D12,15,18
4500-SiO2 D-97
Automated method for molybdate-reactive
								  silica
4500-Si F
4500-SiO2
E12, 15, 18
4500-SiO2 E-97
Inductively coupled
								  plasma6
200.72
3120 B11,15,18
3120 B-99
Axially viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic
								  emission spectrometry (AVICP-AES)
200.5, Rev.
								  4.217
Sulfate
Ion chromatography
300.07,
								  300.113
D4327-97, 03
411011,15,18
4110 B-00
Automated methylthymol blue
375.27
4500-SO4F11,15.
4500-SO4-2 F-97
Gravimetric
4500-SO4C11,15
								  en.
45OO-SO4-2 C-97
4500-SO4D11,15
45OO-SO4-2 D-97
Turbidimetric
D516-90, 02,
07
4500-SO4E11,15
45OO-SO4-2 E-97
Capillary ion electrophoresis
D6508, Rev. 2I4
Temperature
Thermometric
2550B11,15,18
2550-00, 10
Total Filterable Residue (TDS)
Gravimetric
2540C11,15
2540 C-97
The procedures shall be done in accordance with the
					 documents listed below. The incorporation by reference of the following
					 documents was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance
					 with
					 5
					 U.S.C. 552(a) and
					 1 CFR Part 51. Copies
					 of the documents may be obtained from the sources listed below. Information
					 regarding obtaining these documents can be obtained from the Safe Drinking
					 Water Hotline at (800)426-4791. Documents may be inspected at EPA's Drinking
					 Water Docket, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460 (telephone:
					 (202)260-3027); or at the Office of Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street,
					 NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC.
1"Methods for Chemical Analysis
					 of Water and Wastes," EPA-600/4-79-020, March 1983. Available at NTIS as
					 PB84-128677.
2"Methods for the Determination
					 of Metals in Environmental Samples," EPA-600/4-91-010, June 1991. Available at
					 NTIS as PB91-231498.
3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards,
					 1994, 1996, 1999, or 2003, Vols. 11.01 and 11.02, American Society for Testing
					 and Materials, International; the methods listed are the only versions that may
					 be used. The previous versions of D1688-95A and D1688-95C (copper), D3559-95D
					 (lead), D1293-95 (pH), D1125-91A (conductivity), and D859-94 (silica) are also
					 approved. These previous versions, D1688-90A, C, D3559-90D, D1293-84, D1125-91A
					 and D859-88, respectively, are located in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards,
					 1994, Volume 11.01. Copies may be obtained from ASTM International, 100 Barr
					 Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428 or
www.astm.org
.
418th and 19th editions of
					 Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992 and 1995,
					 respectively, American Public Health Association. Either edition may be used.
					 Copies may be obtained from the American Public Health Association, 800 I
					 Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
5Techniques of Water Resources
					 Investigation of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter A-l, 3rd ed.,
					 1989. Available from Information Services, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal
					 Center, Box 25286, Denver, CO 80225-0425.
6Samples may not be filtered.
					 Samples that contain less than 1 NTU (Nephelometric turbidity unit) and are
					 properly preserved (concentrated nitric acid to pH < 2) may be analyzed
					 directly (without digestion) for total metals; otherwise, digestion is
					 required. When digestion is required, the total recoverable technique as
					 defined in the method must be used.
7"Methods for the Determination
					 of Inorganic Substances in Environmental Samples," EPA/600/R-93/100, August
					 1993. Available at NTIS as PB94-120821.
8"Methods of Analysis by the
					 U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of
					 Inorganic and Organic Constituents in Water and Fluvial Sediments, Open File
					 Report 93-125." Available from Information Services, U.S. Geological Survey,
					 Federal Center, Box 25286, Denver, CO 80225-0425.
9Because MDLs reported in EPA
					 Methods 200.7 and 200.9 were determined using a 2X preconcentration step during
					 sample digestion, MDLs determined when samples are analyzed by direct analysis
					 (i.e., no sample digestion) will be higher. Preconcentration may be required
					 for direct analysis of lead by Methods 200.9, 3113B, and 3559-90D unless
					 multiple in-furnace depositions are made.
10The description for Method
					 1001 is available from Palintest, Ltd., 21 Kenton Lands Road, P.O. Box 18395,
					 Erlanger, KY 41018; or from the Hach Company, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO
					 80538.
11The 18th, 19th, and 20th
					 editions of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992,
					 1995, and 1998, respectively, American Public Health Association. Any edition
					 may be used, except that the versions of 3111B and 3113B in the 20th edition
					 may not be used. Copies may be obtained from the American Public Health
					 Association, 800 I Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
12The 20th edition of Standard
					 Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1998, American Public
					 Health Association. Copies may be obtained from the American Public Health
					 Association, 800 I Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
13"Methods for the Determination
					 of Organic and Inorganic Compounds in Drinking Water," Vol. 1, EPA
					 815-R-00-014, August 2000. Available at NTIS, PB2000-106981.
14Method D6508, Rev. 2, "Test
					 Method for Determination of Dissolved Inorganic Anions in Aqueous Matrices
					 Using Capillary Ion Electrophoresis and Chromate Electrolyte," available from
					 Waters Corp., 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757; telephone:
					 (508)482-2131.
15Standard Methods for the
					 Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st edition (2005), American Public
					 Health Association. Available from the American Public Health Association, 800
					 I Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
16Standard Methods Online is
					 available at www.standardmethods.org The year in which each method was approved
					 by the Standard Methods Committee is designated by the last two digits in the
					 method number. The methods listed are the only online versions that may be
					 used.
17EPA Method 200.5, Revision
					 4.2: "Determination of Trace Elements in Drinking Water by Axially Viewed
					 Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry," 2003.
					 EPA/600/R-06/115. Available at www.nemi.gov .
18Standard Methods for the
					 Examination of Water and Wastewater, 22nd edition (2012), American Public
					 Health Association. Available from the American Public Health Association, 800
					 I Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
19Hach Company. "Hach Method
					 8026 - Spectrophotometric Measurement of Copper in Finished Drinking Water,"
					 December 2015, Revision 1.2. Available from www.hach.com .
20Hach Company. "Hach Method
					 10272 - Spectrophotometric Measurement of Copper in Finished Drinking Water,"
					 December 2015, Revision 1.2. Available from www.hach.com .
21Thermo Fisher. "Thermo Fisher
					 Scientific Drinking Water Orthophosphate Method for Thermo Scientific Gallery
					 Discrete Analyzer," February 2016. Revision 5. Thermo Fisher Scientific,
					 Ratastie 2 01620 Vantaa, Finland.
(2) Certified laboratory requirements. Lead
				  and copper analyses under this subrule shall only be conducted by laboratories
				  that have been certified by the department and are in compliance with the
				  requirements of 567-Chapter 83.
(3)
				  All lead and copper levels measured between the practical quantitation limit
				  (PQL) and method detection limit (MDL) must be either reported as measured or
				  they can be reported as one-half the PQL specified for lead and copper in
				  567-paragraph 83.6(7)
"a"
(5)"2." All levels below the lead and
				  copper MDLs must be reported as zero.