reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 7 - MEDICAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › FIXED RADIOGRAPHIC INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5325 - X-ray equipment

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 325.
(1)
						All x-ray tube housings in fixed radiographic installations shall be of the
						diagnostic type.
(2) The aluminum
						equivalent of the total filtration in the useful beam shall not be less than
						the values shown in table 325-1.
TABLE 325-1
Operating Potential
Minimum Total Filter (Inherent plus
										added)
Below 50 kVp
0.5 mm aluminum
50-70 kVp
1.5 mm aluminum
Above 70 kVp
2.5 mm aluminum
(3) If the filter in the machine is not
						accessible for examination and the total filtration is not known, subrule (2)
						of this rule may be assumed to have been met if the half-value layer is not
						less than any of the following:
(a) 0.6 mm
						aluminum at 49 kVp.
(b) 1.6 mm
						aluminum at 70 kVp.
(c) 2.6 mm
						aluminum at 90 kVp.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 7 - MEDICAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › FIXED RADIOGRAPHIC INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5331 - Enclosures

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 331.
(1)
						An enclosure shall be a permanent part of the building or equipment. Portable
						shields shall not be used for permanent installations.
(2) The degree of protection required for an
						enclosure shall be determined by the workload, use and occupancy factors, and
						the tube potential, tube current, mechanical movement, and distance. The design
						shall be subject to approval by the department. Recommended shielding is posted
						on the departments website.
(3) In
						a radiographic room, wall and floor areas exposed to the useful beam plus an
						additional area extending at least 30 centimeters (1 foot) beyond shall be
						provided with a primary protective barrier as determined by workload, use and
						occupancy factors, and distance. All vertical primary protective barriers
						specified in this rule shall extend continuously from the floor to a minimum
						height of 2.1 meters (7 feet).
(4)
						Secondary protective barriers shall be provided in the radiographic room
						ceiling and in those walls not requiring primary barriers.
(5) Control apparatus for the radiographic
						equipment shall be shielded by a primary protective barrier which cannot be
						removed from a protective position between the operator and the radiation
						source during machine operation.
(6) Movable barriers with electrical
						interlocks shall not be approved in place of compliance with subrule (5) of
						this rule.
(7) Exposure switch
						location and control shield shall be oriented so that, at arm's length from the
						exposure switch, the operator is not exposed to the useful beam, leakage
						radiation, or any radiation scattered only once.
(8) The operator shall be able to see and
						communicate with the patient from a shielded position at the control panel.
						When an observation window is provided, it shall have a lead equivalence at
						least equal to that required of the control barrier and shall be installed so
						that the attenuation effectiveness of the barrier is not impaired.
(9) At times it may be necessary for
						personnel to remain within an operating room or special procedure installation
						during radiographic exposures. A primary protective barrier shall be provided
						for personnel protection under these circumstances unless necessary technique
						prevents use of such protection. This barrier may be movable if necessary.
						Movable barriers shall not be permitted in place of the provisions of subrules
						(3) and (5) of this rule.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 7 - MEDICAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › FIXED FLUOROSCOPIC INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5347 - Enclosures

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 347.
(1)
						An enclosure shall be a permanent part of the building or equipment. Portable
						shields shall not be used for permanent installations.
(2) The degree of protection required for an
						enclosure shall be determined by the workload, use and occupancy factors, and
						the tube potential, tube current, mechanical movement, and distance, and shall
						be subject to design approval by the department. Recommended shielding is
						posted on the departments website.
(3) For conventional fluoroscopy, extraneous
						light that interferes with the fluoroscopic examination shall be eliminated.
						Dark adaptation normally is not necessary when using image
						intensifiers.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 7 - MEDICAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › FIXED FLUOROSCOPIC INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5348 - Conditions of operation

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 348.
(1)
						An individual present in a fluoroscopic room, except the patient, shall wear a
						protective apron of at least 0.5 millimeter lead equivalence.
(2) Only individuals whose presence is needed
						to conduct the examination, to conduct radiation protection surveys, or to
						undergo specific training shall be permitted in the fluoroscopy room during
						x-ray exposures.
(3) Personnel
						monitoring shall be performed in controlled areas for each individual
						occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation from diagnostic x-ray equipment.
						Individual monitoring devices, such as film badge dosimeters or
						thermoluminescent dosimeters, shall be permanently assigned to each
						occupationally exposed individual. This monitoring shall be continuous during
						employment as a radiation worker.
(4) Personnel exposure records shall be kept
						on permanent available file at the facility where the exposure
						occurs.
(5) Monitoring devices used
						to estimate whole body exposure shall normally be worn on the chest or abdomen.
						Monitoring of all other body parts shall comply with R 333.5065.
(6) Monitoring devices worn to estimate
						personnel occupational exposure shall not be worn by the individual when he or
						she is exposed as a patient for a medical or dental reason.
(7) The fluoroscopist's eyes should be
						sufficiently dark-adapted for the visual task required before commencing
						conventional fluoroscopy. Under no circumstances shall he or she attempt to
						compensate for inadequate adaptation by increasing exposure factors employed or
						by prolonging the fluoroscopic examination.
(8) Special precautions, consistent with
						clinical needs, shall be taken to minimize exposure of the gonads of
						potentially procreative patients and exposure of the embryo or fetus in
						patients known to be or suspected of being pregnant. Gonadal shielding is
						advised when it does not interfere with the conditions or objectives of the
						examination.
(9) In
						cineradiography, special care shall be taken to limit patient exposure when
						tube currents and potentials employed are higher than those normally used in
						fluoroscopy. The exposure rates to which patients are normally subjected shall
						be determined annually and records of the surveys maintained.
(10) A fluoroscopic x-ray system shall not be
						left unattended without locking the apparatus, room, or building in some manner
						which prevents use of the apparatus by unauthorized persons.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 7 - MEDICAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › MOBILE OR PORTABLE DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY EQUIPMENT › Section R. 333.5351 - X-ray equipment

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 351.
(1)
						Radiographic x-ray equipment shall comply with the requirements of R 333.5325
						excluding subrules (11) and (18).
(2) Fluoroscopic x-ray equipment shall comply
						with the requirements of R 333.5337 excluding subrules (3), (4), (5), (6), and
						(9).
(3) The radiographic exposure
						control switch shall be located on the machine where adequate personnel
						protection is provided to attenuate the direct and scatter radiation, or the
						length of switch cord shall be such that the operator shall be able to stand at
						least 1.8 meters (6 feet) from the patient, the x-ray tube, and out of the
						useful beam. A coil type extension switch cord capable of providing more than
						1.8 meters (6 feet) of distance protection is recommended.
(4) Hand-held fluoroscopic screens and others
						not attached to a diagnostic source assembly with stable mounting shall not be
						used.
(5) Image intensification
						shall always be provided on mobile fluoroscopic equipment. Mobile fluoroscopic
						equipment shall be impossible to operate unless the useful beam is intercepted
						by the image intensifier. Means shall be provided to limit the source-skin
						distance to not less than 30 centimeters (12 inches). For fluoroscopes intended
						for specific surgical application that would be prohibited at the source-skin
						distances specified in this subrule, provisions may be made for operation at
						shorter source-skin distances but in no case less than 20
						centimeters.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 7 - MEDICAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › MOBILE OR PORTABLE DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY EQUIPMENT › Section R. 333.5352 - Shielding

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 352.
(1)
						Portable shielding of at least 1.6 millimeter (1/16 inch) lead equivalent shall
						be used by the operator and other individuals in the room when
						possible.
(2) Mobile or portable
						diagnostic x-ray equipment used routinely in 1 location shall be considered a
						fixed installation and shall comply with the requirements of R 333.5325 and R
						333.5331, or R 333.5337 and R 333.5347, or both.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 7 - MEDICAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › MOBILE OR PORTABLE DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY EQUIPMENT › Section R. 333.5353 - Conditions of operation

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 353.
(1)
						Operation shall comply with the requirements of R 333.5333 and R
						333.5348.
(2) Individuals operating
						mobile or portable diagnostic x-ray equipment shall wear a protective apron of
						minimum 0.5 millimeter lead equivalence unless portable shielding is provided
						as specified in R 333.5352(1).
(3)
						Mobile or portable diagnostic x-ray equipment shall not be used for routine
						radiography or fluoroscopy in hospitals or private offices of health
						practitioners licensed under article 15 of the act. This equipment shall only
						be used when it is medically inadvisable to move a patient to a fixed
						radiographic or fixed fluoroscopic installation.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 7 - MEDICAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › MISCELLANEOUS AND SPECIAL INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5355 - General provisions

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 355.
(1)
						Types of x-ray sources and uses not specifically covered by this part and not
						exempted in R 333.5033, shall comply with R 333.5001 to R 333.5101.
(2) For the purpose of registering and
						approving medical x-ray producing equipment and devices not specifically
						covered by this part the protective design, the workload, the use factor, and
						the occupancy factor shall be considered.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 8 - MEDICAL EXTREMITY X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5361 - Purpose and scope

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 361.
(1)
					 This part establishes requirements governing the use of x-radiation in a
					 healing arts discipline for human extremity radiography only.
(2) This part applies to all registrants who
					 use x-radiation for the intentional exposure of human extremities
					 only.
(3) In addition to the
					 requirements of this part, all registrants performing human extremity
					 radiography are subject to all applicable provisions of these rules. Uses of
					 x-radiation for intentional human exposure other than or in addition to
					 extremity radiography are subject to R 333.5311 to R 333.5359.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 8 - MEDICAL EXTREMITY X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › FIXED RADIOGRAPHIC INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5362 - X-ray equipment

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 362.
(1)
						All x-ray tube housings in fixed radiographic installations shall be of the
						diagnostic type.
(2) The aluminum
						equivalent of the total filtration in the useful beam shall not be less than
						that shown in table 362.
TABLE 362
Operating Potential
Minimum Total Filter (Inherent plus
										added)
Below 50 kVp
0.5 mm aluminum
50-70 kVp
1.5 mm aluminum
Above 70 kVp
2.5 mm aluminum
(3) If the filter in the machine is not
						accessible for examination and the total filtration is not known, subrule (2)
						of this rule may be assumed to have been met if the half-value layer is not
						less than any of the following:
(a) 0.6 mm
						aluminum at 49 kVp.
(b) 1.6 mm
						aluminum at 70 kVp.
(c) 2.6 mm
						aluminum at 90 kVp.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 8 - MEDICAL EXTREMITY X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › FIXED RADIOGRAPHIC INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5365 - Enclosures

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 365.
(1)
						The degree of protection required for an enclosure shall be determined by the
						workload, use and occupancy factors, and the tube potential, tube current,
						mechanical movement, and distance, and shall be subject to design approval by
						the department.
(2) In a
						radiographic room, wall and floor areas exposed to the useful beam plus an area
						extending at least 30 centimeters (1 foot) beyond shall be provided with a
						primary protective barrier where necessary as determined by workload, use and
						occupancy factors, and distance.
(3) Secondary protective barriers shall be
						provided in the radiographic room ceiling and in those walls not requiring
						primary barriers. Common building materials often fulfill this
						requirement.
(4) A fixed barrier of
						1.6 millimeters (1/16 inch) lead equivalence, such as a shielded wall partition
						or immobilized portable shield, is recommended for operator protection. When
						this protection is provided, the operator shall be able to see and communicate
						with the patient from a shielded position.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 8 - MEDICAL EXTREMITY X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › MOBILE OR PORTABLE RADIOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT › Section R. 333.5368 - General provisions

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 368.
(1)
						Radiographic x-ray equipment shall meet the requirements of R
						333.5362.
(2) Mobile or portable
						radiographic x-ray equipment used routinely in 1 location shall be considered a
						fixed installation and enclosures shall meet the requirements of R
						333.5365.
(3) Operation shall
						comply with the requirements of R 333.5366.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 9 - DENTAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5371 - Purpose and scope

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 371.
(1)
					 This part establishes requirements governing the use of x-radiation in
					 dentistry.
(2) This part applies to
					 all registrants who use x-radiation in dentistry for the intentional exposure
					 of humans.
(3) In addition to the
					 requirements of this part all registrants are subject to all applicable
					 provisions of these rules.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 9 - DENTAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › CONVENTIONAL (SINGLE TUBE) INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5372 - Scope

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 372. R 333.5373 to R 333.5376 apply to
						  installations consisting of a single x-ray source, its individual control unit,
						  and protective enclosure used for the production of intraoral
						  radiographs.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 9 - DENTAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › CONVENTIONAL (SINGLE TUBE) INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5373 - X-ray equipment

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 373.
(1)
						The tube housing shall be of the diagnostic type.
(2) The aluminum equivalent of the total
						filtration in the useful beam shall not be less than that shown in table 373-1.
TABLE 373-1
Operating Potential
Minimum Total Filter (Inherent plus
										added)
Below 50 kVp
0.5 mm aluminum
50 - 70 kVp
1.5 mm aluminum
Above 70 kVp
2.5 mm aluminum
(3) If the filter in the machine is not
						accessible for examination and the total filtration is not known, subrule (2)
						of this rule may be assumed to have been met if the half-value layer is not
						less than any of the following:
(a) 0.6 mm
						aluminum at 49 kVp.
(b) 1.6 mm
						aluminum at 70 kVp.
(c) 2.6 mm
						aluminum at 90 kVp.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 9 - DENTAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › CONVENTIONAL (SINGLE TUBE) INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5375 - Shielding

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 375. Conventional building materials in
						  partitions, floors, and ceilings may provide adequate radiation shielding for
						  dental installations. When a conventional building structure does not provide
						  adequate shielding, the shielding shall be increased by providing greater
						  thickness of building materials or by adding lead, concrete, steel, or other
						  suitable materials to the walls, floor, and ceiling of an existing room.
						  Shielding shall be subject to approval by the department.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 9 - DENTAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › CONVENTIONAL (SINGLE TUBE) INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5376 - Conditions of operation

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 376.
(1)
						Deliberate exposure of an individual to the useful beam for training or
						demonstration purposes shall not be permitted unless there is a diagnostic need
						for the exposure and the exposure is prescribed by a dentist or
						physician.
(2) The operator or the
						assistant shall not hold the image receptor in place for the patient during the
						exposure.
(3) During the exposure,
						the operator shall stand at least 1.8 meters (6 feet) from the patient and the
						x-ray tube and outside the useful beam or behind a suitable barrier.
(4) Only an individual whose presence is
						necessary to conduct the radiographic examination shall be permitted in the
						radiographic room during exposure.
(5) The operator shall direct the x-ray tube
						such that the useful beam strikes a primary barrier or unoccupied area after
						emerging from the patient.
(6)
						Neither the tube housing nor the cone shall be hand-held during the
						exposure.
(7) Fluoroscopy shall not
						be used in dental examinations.
(8)
						The exposure to the patient shall be kept to the practical minimum consistent
						with clinical objectives.
(9) The
						x-ray beam and the image receptor shall be aligned very carefully with the area
						to be radiographed.
(10) Processing
						materials and techniques shall be those recommended by the x-ray film
						manufacturer unless otherwise tested to ensure maximum information content of
						the developed film. Sight developing is not permitted except under extreme
						emergency conditions. Correct temperature control and development time are
						necessary to minimize radiation dose to the patient.
(11) A radiographic x-ray system shall not be
						left unattended without locking the apparatus, room, or building in some manner
						which prevents use of the apparatus by unauthorized persons.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 9 - DENTAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › MULTIPLE TUBE INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5378 - Scope

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 378. R 333.5379 to R 333.5381 apply to
						  installations consisting of more than 1 x-ray source in the same room, or of
						  sources located in separate rooms. These installations may include 2 or more
						  complete x-ray units (single tube units), or a combination of 2 or more x-ray
						  tube heads operable from a single control panel (multiple tube
						  units).
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 9 - DENTAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › MULTIPLE TUBE INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5379 - X-ray equipment

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 379.
(1)
						X-ray equipment in multiple tube installations shall meet the requirements of R
						333.5373 with regard to each tube housing assembly and each complete x-ray
						unit.
(2) On multiple tube units,
						there shall be indication at the control panel showing which tube is connected
						and ready to be energized and means to prevent energizing more than 1 tube head
						at the same time.
(3) For multiple
						tube units there shall be indication at the tube housing assembly when it is
						connected and ready to be energized.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 9 - DENTAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › MULTIPLE TUBE INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5380 - Shielding

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 380. Conventional building materials in
						  partitions, floors, and ceilings may provide adequate radiation shielding for
						  dental installations. When a conventional building structure does not provide
						  adequate shielding, the shielding shall be increased by providing greater
						  thickness of building materials or by adding lead, concrete, steel, or other
						  suitable materials to the walls, floor, and ceiling of an existing room. In
						  multiple tube installations the possibility of exposure from multiple sources
						  shall be considered. Shielding shall be subject to approval by the
						  department.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 9 - DENTAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › MULTIPLE TUBE INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5381 - Conditions of operation

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 381. Operation shall meet the requirements of R
						  333.5376.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 9 - DENTAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › PANORAMIC INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5383 - Scope

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 383. R 333.5384 to R 333.5386 apply to panoramic
						  installations and protective enclosures.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 9 - DENTAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › PANORAMIC INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5384 - X-ray equipment

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 384.
(1)
						X-ray equipment in panoramic installations shall meet the requirements of R
						333.5373 excluding subrules (7) to (11).
(2) For purposes of this rule, "image
						receptor" means that portion of the x-ray film or digital receptor
						instantaneously exposed by the x-ray beam subtended by a beam-limiting
						diaphragm immediately adjacent to the front of the radiographic film or digital
						receptor, if the panoramic technique requires this diaphragm.
(3) The x-ray tube housing shall be provided
						with a beam-limiting diaphragm which shall limit the field at the plane of the
						image receptor to dimensions not exceeding the dimensions of the image receptor
						and shall align the center of the x-ray field with the center of the image
						receptor to within 2% of the SID.
(4) Mechanical support of the tube head and
						image receptor shall maintain beam alignment without drift or vibration of
						sufficient magnitude to cause the need for manually restraining the tube or
						retaking the x-ray.
(5) A device
						shall be provided which terminates the exposure at a preset time interval or
						exposure limit. The operator shall be able to terminate the exposure at any
						time by discontinuing pressure upon the exposure switch.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 9 - DENTAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › PANORAMIC INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5385 - Shielding

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 385. Conventional building materials in
						  partitions, floors, and ceilings may provide adequate radiation shielding for
						  panoramic installations. When a conventional building structure does not
						  provide adequate shielding, the shielding shall be increased by providing
						  greater thickness of building materials or by adding lead, concrete, steel, or
						  other suitable materials to the walls, floor, and ceiling of an existing room.
						  Shielding shall be subject to approval by the department.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 9 - DENTAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › PANORAMIC INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5386 - Conditions of operation

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 386. Operation shall meet the requirements of R
						  333.5376.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 9 - DENTAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › CEPHALOMETRIC INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5388 - Scope

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 388. R 333.5389 to R 333.5391 apply to
						  installations consisting of an x-ray source used for the production of
						  radiographs of the skull or related extra-oral radiographs, its individual
						  control unit, and protective enclosure.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 9 - DENTAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › CEPHALOMETRIC INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5389 - X-ray equipment

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 389.
(1)
						X-ray equipment in cephalometric installations shall meet the requirements of R
						333.5373 excluding subrules (7), (8), (9), and (13).
(2) Beam-limiting devices such as diaphragms,
						cones, or adjustable collimators, capable of restricting the useful beam to the
						area radiographically recorded shall be provided to define the beam and shall
						provide the same degree of attenuation as that required of the tube
						housing.
(3) Beam-limiting devices
						shall be calibrated in terms of the size of the projected useful beam at
						specified source-image receptor distances. This calibration shall be clearly
						and permanently recorded on the beam-limiting device. Calibration of adjustable
						beam-limiting devices shall permit reproducible settings.
(4) X-ray systems designed for only 1 image
						receptor size at a fixed SID shall be provided with means to limit the field at
						the plane of the image receptor to dimensions not exceeding those of the image
						receptor, and to align the center of the x-ray field with the center of the
						image receptor to within 2% of the SID.
(5) The size of the x-ray beam projected by
						fixed aperture beam-limiting devices, except those used for stereoradiography,
						shall not exceed the dimensions of the image receptor by more than 2% of the
						SID when the axis of the x-ray beam is perpendicular to the plane of the image
						receptor.
(6) The calibrated field
						size indicator on adjustable beam-limiting devices shall be accurate to within
						2% of the SID. The light field shall be aligned with the x-ray field with the
						same degree of accuracy. The field size projected by automatic adjustable
						beam-limiting devices shall provide the same precision.
(7) For radiographic procedures resulting in
						multiple views on a single image receptor the beam-limiting device shall limit
						the x-ray field size to the recorded radiographic image within 2% of the SID.
						Covering a portion of the image receptor with radio-opaque material is not a
						substitute for proper x-ray field limitation.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 9 - DENTAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › CEPHALOMETRIC INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5390 - Shielding

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 390.
(1)
						The degree of protection required shall be determined by the workload, use and
						occupancy factors, and the tube potential, tube current, mechanical movement,
						and distance. The design shall be subject to approval by the
						department.
(2) In a radiographic
						room, wall and floor areas exposed to the useful beam plus an area extending at
						least 30 centimeters (1 foot) beyond shall be provided with a primary
						protective barrier where necessary as determined by workload, use and occupancy
						factors, and distance. All vertical primary protective barriers specified in
						this rule shall extend continuously from the floor to a minimum height of 2.1
						meters (7 feet).
(3) Secondary
						protective barriers shall be provided in the radiographic room ceiling and in
						those walls not requiring primary barriers.
(4) Control apparatus for the radiographic
						equipment shall be shielded by a nonremovable primary protective barrier
						extending to a minimum height of 2.1 meters (7 feet).
(5) Exposure switch location and control
						shield shall be oriented such that, at arm's length from the exposure switch,
						the operator shall not be exposed to the useful beam, leakage radiation, or
						radiation that has been scattered only once.
(6) The operator shall be able to see and
						communicate with the patient from a shielded position at the control panel.
						When an observation window is provided, it shall have a lead equivalence at
						least equal to that required of the control barrier and shall be installed such
						that the attenuation effectiveness of the barrier is not impaired.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 9 - DENTAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › CEPHALOMETRIC INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5391 - Conditions of operation

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 391. Operation shall meet the requirements of R
						  333.5376 excluding subrule (3).
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 9 - DENTAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › MULTIPLE PURPOSE INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5395 - General provisions

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 395.
(1)
						This rule applies to installations consisting of an x-ray source or sources
						used for 2 or more purposes described in R 333.5372 to R 333.5391.
(2) X-ray equipment in multiple purpose
						installations shall meet the applicable requirements of R 333.5373, R 333.5379,
						R 333.5384, and R 333.5389 for each mode of operation permitted by the design
						of the equipment.
(3) Shielding in
						multiple purpose installations shall meet the applicable requirements of R
						333.5375, R 333.5380, R 333.5385, and R 333.5390 for each mode of operation
						permitted by the design of the equipment.
(4) Operation in multiple purpose
						installations shall meet the applicable requirements of R 333.5376, R 333.5381,
						R 333.5386, and R 333.5391 for each mode of operation permitted by the design
						of the equipment.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 9 - DENTAL X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › OTHER TYPES OF INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5397 - General provisions

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 397.
(1)
						This rule applies to dental x-ray producing equipment and devices not
						specifically covered elsewhere by this part.
(2) Types of dental x-ray sources and uses
						not specifically covered by this part and not exempted under R 333.5033 shall
						meet the requirements of R 333.5001 to R 333.5101.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 10 - VETERINARY X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5401 - Purpose and scope

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 401.
(1)
					 This part establishes requirements governing the use of x-radiation in
					 veterinary medicine.
(2) This part
					 applies to all registrants who use x-radiation in veterinary medicine or
					 research for the intentional exposure of animals.
(3) In addition to the requirements of this
					 part, all registrants are subject to R 333.5001 to R 333.5101 and all
					 applicable provisions of the other parts.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 10 - VETERINARY X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › THERAPEUTIC MACHINES USED FOR VETERINARY X-RAY TREATMENT › Section R. 333.5402 - X-ray equipment

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 402. The x-ray equipment shall meet the
						  requirements of R 333.5312 and R 333.5321.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 10 - VETERINARY X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › THERAPEUTIC MACHINES USED FOR VETERINARY X-RAY TREATMENT › Section R. 333.5403 - Enclosures

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 403. The enclosure shall meet the requirements of
						  R 333.5315 and R 333.5322.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 10 - VETERINARY X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › THERAPEUTIC MACHINES USED FOR VETERINARY X-RAY TREATMENT › Section R. 333.5404 - Conditions of operation

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 404.
(1)
						Operation shall meet the requirements of R 333.5317 excluding subrules (2),
						(5), (6), and (11).
(2) The output
						of the x-ray generator should be calibrated initially before use for the
						treatment of animals. It should also be recalibrated after each tube
						replacement and after all changes or replacement in the generating apparatus
						which could affect a change in the x-ray output. Check calibrations should be
						made on an annual basis and records of all calibration maintained for not less
						than 5 years.
(3) Patients shall
						not be hand-held in position for radiation therapy. Mechanical supporting or
						restraining devices shall be used if restraint is required.
(4) An individual shall not be permitted in
						the treatment room when the tube is operated at any potential.
(5) The x-ray tube of a contact therapy
						machine as defined in R 333.5321(3) shall not be hand-held during irradiation.
						When practical, a cap of at least 0.5 millimeter lead equivalence should cover
						the aperture window of the tube housing of the apparatus when the apparatus is
						not being used. Because the exposure rate at the surface of the window of
						contact therapy and beryllium window machines may be more than 10,000 roentgens
						per minute, extreme precautions are necessary to prevent accidental exposure to
						the useful beam.
(6) Lead, lead
						rubber, lead foil, and similar materials used for limiting the field, should
						not transmit more than 5% of the useful beam under the conditions at which the
						machine is operated for therapy.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 10 - VETERINARY X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › FIXED RADIOGRAPHIC INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5407 - Enclosures

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 407
(1)
						An enclosure shall be a permanent part of the building or equipment. Portable
						shields shall not be used for permanent installations.
(2) The degree of protection required for an
						enclosure shall be determined by the workload, use and occupancy factors, and
						the tube potential, tube current, mechanical movement, and distance. The design
						shall be subject to approval by the department.
(3) In a radiographic room, wall and floor
						areas exposed to the useful beam plus an additional area extending at least 30
						centimeters (1 foot) beyond shall be provided with a primary protective barrier
						as determined by workload, use and occupancy factors, and distance. All
						vertical primary protective barriers specified in this rule shall extend
						continuously from the floor to a minimum height of 2.1 meters (7
						feet).
(4) Secondary protective
						barriers shall be provided in the radiographic room ceiling and in those walls
						not requiring primary barriers.
(5)
						Control apparatus for the radiographic equipment shall be shielded by a primary
						protective barrier which cannot be removed from a protective position between
						the operator and the radiation source during machine operation.
(6) Movable barriers with electrical
						interlocks shall not be approved in place of compliance with subrule (5) of
						this rule.
(7) The primary exposure
						switch location and control shield shall be oriented so that, at arm's length
						from the exposure switch, the operator shall not be exposed to the useful beam,
						leakage radiation, or radiation which has been scattered only once.
(8) The operator shall be able to see and
						communicate with personnel within the room from a shielded position at the
						control panel. When an observation window is provided, it shall have a lead
						equivalence at least equal to that required of the control barrier and shall be
						installed so that the attenuation effectiveness of the barrier is not
						impaired.
(9) At times it may be
						necessary for personnel to remain within operating room or special procedure
						installations during radiographic exposures. A primary protective barrier shall
						be provided for personnel protection under these circumstances unless necessary
						technique prevents its use. This barrier may be movable if necessary. Movable
						barriers shall not be permitted in place of the provisions of subrules (3) and
						(5) of this rule.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 10 - VETERINARY X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › FIXED FLUOROSCOPIC INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5417 - Enclosures

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 417.
(1)
						An enclosure shall be a permanent part of the building or equipment. Portable
						shields shall not be used for permanent installations.
(2) The degree of protection required for an
						enclosure shall be determined by the workload, the use and occupancy factors,
						and the tube potential, tube current, mechanical movement, and distance. The
						design shall be subject to approval by the department.
(3) For conventional fluoroscopy extraneous
						light that interferes with the fluoroscopic examination shall be eliminated.
						Dark adaptation normally is not necessary when using image
						intensifiers.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 10 - VETERINARY X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › FIXED FLUOROSCOPIC INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5418 - Conditions of operation

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 418.
(1)
						An individual present in a fluoroscopic room shall wear a protective apron of
						at least 0.5 millimeter lead equivalence.
(2) Only individuals whose presence is needed
						to conduct the examination, to conduct radiation protection surveys, or to
						undergo specific training shall be permitted in the fluoroscopy room during
						x-ray exposures.
(3) Personnel
						monitoring shall be performed in controlled areas for each individual
						occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation from diagnostic x-ray equipment.
						Individual monitoring devices, such as film badge dosimeters or
						thermoluminescent dosimeters, shall be permanently assigned to each
						occupationally exposed individual. This monitoring shall be continuous during
						employment as a radiation worker.
(4) Personnel exposure records shall be kept
						on permanent available file at the facility where the exposure
						occurs.
(5) Monitoring devices used
						to estimate whole body exposure shall normally be worn on the chest or abdomen.
						Monitoring of all other body parts shall meet the requirements of R
						333.5065.
(6) Monitoring devices
						worn to estimate personnel occupational exposure shall not be worn by the
						individual when he or she is exposed as a patient for a medical or dental
						reason.
(7) The fluoroscopist's
						eyes should be sufficiently dark-adapted for the visual task required before
						commencing conventional fluoroscopy. Under no circumstances shall he or she
						attempt to compensate for inadequate adaptation by increasing exposure factors
						employed or by prolonging the fluoroscopic examination.
(8) A fluoroscopic x-ray system shall not be
						left unattended without locking the apparatus, room, or building in some manner
						which prevents use of the apparatus by unauthorized persons.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 10 - VETERINARY X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › MOBILE OR PORTABLE DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY EQUIPMENT › Section R. 333.5421 - X-ray equipment

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 421.
(1)
						Radiographic x-ray equipment shall meet the requirements of R 333.5405
						excluding subrules (5) and (11).
(2) Fluoroscopic x-ray equipment shall meet
						the requirements of R 333.5411 excluding subrules (3), (4), (5), and
						(7).
(3) The radiographic exposure
						control switch shall be located on the machine where adequate personnel
						protection is provided to attenuate the direct and scatter radiation, or the
						length of switch cord shall be such that the operator shall be able to stand at
						least 1.8 meters (6 feet) from the patient, the x-ray tube, and out of the
						useful beam. A coil type extension switch cord capable of providing more than
						1.8 meters (6 feet) of distance protection is recommended.
(4) Hand-held fluoroscopic screens and others
						not attached to a diagnostic source assembly with stable mounting shall not be
						used.
(5) Image intensification
						shall always be provided on mobile fluoroscopic equipment. Mobile fluoroscopic
						equipment shall be impossible to operate unless the useful beam is intercepted
						by the image intensifier. Means shall be provided to limit the source-skin
						distance to not less than 30 centimeters (12 inches). For fluoroscopes intended
						for specific surgical application that would be prohibited at the source-skin
						distances specified in this subrule, provisions may be made for operation at
						shorter source-skin distances but in no case less than 20
						centimeters.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 10 - VETERINARY X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › MOBILE OR PORTABLE DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY EQUIPMENT › Section R. 333.5422 - Shielding

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 422.
(1)
						Portable shielding of at least 1.6 millimeter (1/16 inch) lead equivalent shall
						be used by the operator and other individuals nearby when possible.
(2) Mobile or portable diagnostic x-ray
						equipment used routinely in 1 location shall be considered a fixed installation
						and shall meet the requirements of R 333.5405 and R 333.5407, or R 333.5411 and
						R 333.5417, or both.
Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 10 - VETERINARY X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › MOBILE OR PORTABLE DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY EQUIPMENT › Section R. 333.5423 - Conditions of operation

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 423.
(1)
						Operation shall meet the requirements of R 333.5409 and R 333.5418.
(2) Individuals operating mobile or portable
						diagnostic x-ray equipment shall wear a protective apron of minimum 0.5
						millimeter lead equivalence unless portable shielding is provided as specified
						in of R 333.5422(1).