Louisiana Administrative Code › Title 28 - EDUCATION › Part CLXXI - Bulletin 745-Louisiana Teaching Authorizations of School Personnel › Chapter 17 - Grade 7 › Section CLXXI-1709 - Statistics and Probability

Current through Register Vol. 50, No. 6, June 20, 2024
A.
				Understand that statistics can be used to gain information about a population
				by examining a sample of the population; generalizations about a population
				from a sample are valid only if the sample is representative of that
				population. Understand that random sampling tends to produce representative
				samples and support valid inferences.
B. Use data from a random sample to draw
				inferences about a population with an unknown characteristic of interest.
				Generate multiple samples (or simulated samples) of the same size to gauge the
				variation in estimates or predictions.
Example: Estimate the mean word length in a book by randomly
				  sampling words from the book; predict the winner of a school election based on
				  randomly sampled survey data. Gauge how far off the estimate or prediction
				  might be.
C. Informally
				assess the degree of visual overlap of two numerical data distributions with
				similar variabilities using quantitative measures of center (median and/or
				mean) and variability (interquartile range and/or mean absolute deviation), as
				well as describing any overall pattern and any striking deviations from the
				overall pattern with reference to the context in which the data were
				gathered.
D. Use measures of center
				and measures of variability for numerical data from random samples to draw
				informal comparative inferences about two populations.
Example: Decide whether the words in a chapter of a
				  seventh-grade science book are generally longer than the words in a chapter of
				  a fourth-grade science book.
E. Understand that the probability of a
				chance event is a number between 0 and 1 that expresses the likelihood of the
				event occurring. Larger numbers indicate greater likelihood. A probability near
				0 indicates an unlikely event, a probability around 1/2 indicates an event that
				is neither unlikely nor likely, and a probability near 1 indicates a likely
				event.
F. Approximate the
				probability of a chance event by collecting data on the chance process that
				produces it and observing its long-run relative frequency, and predict the
				approximate relative frequency given the probability.
Example: When rolling a number cube 600 times, predict that a
				  3 or 6 would be rolled roughly 200 times, but probably not exactly 200
				  times.
G. Develop a
				probability model and use it to find probabilities of events. Compare
				probabilities from a model to observed frequencies; if the agreement is not
				good, explain possible sources of the discrepancy.
1. Develop a uniform probability model by
				assigning equal probability to all outcomes, and use the model to determine
				probabilities of events.
Example: If a student is selected at random from a class,
				  find the probability that Jane will be selected and the probability that a girl
				  will be selected.
2.
				Develop a probability model (which may not be uniform) by observing frequencies
				in data generated from a chance process.
Example: Find the approximate probability that a spinning
				  penny will land heads up or that a tossed paper cup will land open-end down. Do
				  the outcomes for the spinning penny appear to be equally likely, based on the
				  observed frequencies?