Code of Massachusetts Regulations › 310 CMR - DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION › Title 310 CMR 22.00 - Drinking Water › Section 22.02 - Definitions

Current through Register 1525, July 5, 2024
(1) As used in
				310 CMR
				22.00, the following terms shall have the following
				meanings:
Abandoned Source
means a source that
				is physically disconnected from a public water system and is no longer
				maintained as an active, inactive, or Emergency Source. Abandoned Source(s)
				cannot be used as a public water system source. A source may only be abandoned
				pursuant to
				310 CMR
				22.25.
Action Level
means, for the purpose of
				310
				CMR 22.06(B), the
				concentration of lead or copper in water specified in
				310 CMR
				22.06B(1)(c)  which
				determines, in some cases, the treatment requirements contained in
				310 CMR
				22.06B that a water system is required to
				complete. The definition of
Action Level
for the
				purpose of a consumer confidence report is contained in
				310 CMR
				22.16A.
Active Source
means an
Approved Source(s)
, monitored and maintained to meet
				310 CMR
				22.00 and used for primary or backup purposes to meet
				consumer demands as necessary.
Administrator
means the
Administrator
of the Agency.
Adsorption
means the gathering of a
				gas, liquid, or dissolved substance on the surface or interface zone of another
				material.
Aeration
means the process of adding
				air to water, whether by passing air through water or by passing water through
				air.
Agency
means the United States
				Environmental Protection Agency.
Air Stripping
means a treatment
				process used to remove dissolved gases and volatile substances from water by
				bubbling large volumes of air through the water being treated.
Approved Source
means a water supply
				source approved by the Department for drinking water purposes pursuant to
				310 CMR
				22.03(1).
Bag Filter
means pressure-driven
				separation devices that remove particulate matter larger than one micrometer
				using an engineered porous Filtration media. They are typically constructed of
				a non-rigid, fabric Filtration media housed in a pressure vessel in which the
				direction of flow is from the inside of the bag to outside.
Bank
means the portion of the land
				surface which normally abuts and confines a water body; it lies between a water
				body and a bordering vegetated wetland and adjacent flood plain, or in the
				absence of these, it lies between a water body and an upland; the upper
				boundary of a Bank is the first observable break in the slope or the mean
				annual flood level, whichever is lower; the lower boundary of a Bank is the
				mean annual low flow level.
Bank Filtration
means a water
				treatment process that uses a well to recover Surface Water that has naturally
				infiltrated into Groundwater through a river bed or Bank(s). Infiltration is
				typically enhanced by the hydraulic gradient imposed by a nearby pumping water
				supply or other well(s).
Best Available Technology or "BAT
"
				means the best technology Treatment Techniques, or other means which the EPA or
				Department finds, after examination for efficacy under field conditions and not
				solely under laboratory conditions, are available (taking cost into
				consideration).
Cartridge Filter
means pressure-driven
				separation devices that remove particulate matter larger than one micrometer
				using an engineered porous Filtration media. They are typically constructed as
				rigid or semi-rigid, self-supporting filter elements housed in pressure vessels
				in which flow is from the outside of the cartridge to the inside.
Certified Operator
means an individual
				who has received a certificate of competency issued by the Board of
				Certification of Operators of Drinking Water Supply Facilities in accordance
				with
				236 CMR 2.00 through
				5.00 and currently maintains a
				valid license.
Chemical Feed System
means an
				automated or manually controlled mechanism for introducing chemical compounds
				into a water treatment system in regulated concentrations and amounts at
				predetermined events or times for the purpose of treating water in order to
				ensure a safe and pure drinking water supply.
Chloramination
means the application
				of chlorine and ammonia to water to form chloramines for the purpose of
				Disinfection.
Clean Compliance History
means, for
				purposes of
				310
				CMR 22.05, a record of no Maximum Contaminant
				Level (MCL) violations, no monitoring violations, no coliform Treatment
				Technique trigger exceedances, and no Treatment Technique violations; all under
				310
				CMR 22.05; and no Treatment Technique
				violations or Significant Deficiencies under
				310 CMR
				22.26.
Coagulation
means a process using
				coagulant chemicals and mixing by which colloidal and suspended materials are
				destabilized and agglomerated into flocs.
Combined Distribution System
means the
				interconnected distribution system consisting of the distribution systems of
				wholesale systems and of the consecutive systems that receive finished
				water.
Commissioner
means the Commissioner of
				the Department of Environmental Protection.
Compliance Cycle
means the nine-year
				(calendar year) cycle during which public water systems must monitor. Each
				Compliance Cycle consists of three three-year Compliance Periods. The first
				calendar year cycle begins January 1, 1993 and ends December 31, 2001; the
				second begins January 1, 2002 and ends December 31, 2010; the third begins
				January 1, 2011 and ends December 31, 2019. Each subsequent Compliance Cycle
				shall commence on the 1st day of January immediately
				following the last day of the prior Compliance Cycle, and shall end on the
				31st day of December in its ninth calendar
				year.
Compliance Period
means a three-year
				(calendar year) period within a Compliance Cycle. Each Compliance Cycle has
				three three-year Compliance Periods. Within the first Compliance Cycle, the
				first Compliance Period runs from January 1, 1993 to December 31, 1995; the
				second from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 1998; the third from January 1,
				1999 to December 31, 2001. Each subsequent Compliance Period shall commence on
				the 1st day of January immediately following the
				last day of the prior Compliance Period, and shall end on the
				31st day of December in its third calendar
				year.
Comprehensive Performance Evaluation
(CPE) means a thorough review and analysis of a treatment plant's
				performance-based capabilities and associated administrative, operation and
				maintenance practices. It is conducted to identify factors that may be
				adversely impacting a plant's capability to achieve compliance and emphasizes
				approaches that can be implemented without significant capital improvements.
				The comprehensive performance evaluation must consist of at least the following
				components: assessment of plant performance; evaluation of major unit
				processes; identification and prioritization of performance limiting factors;
				assessment of the applicability of comprehensive technical assistance; and
				preparation of a CPE report.
Confirmatory Sample
or
Confirmation Sample
shall mean a sample collected from
				the same Sampling Point as an initial sample for analysis, in order to verify
				the analytical results of the initial sample.
Confluent Growth
means a continuous
				bacterial growth covering the entire filtration area of a membrane filter, or a
				portion thereof, in which bacterial colonies are not discrete.
Consecutive Public Water System
means
				a public water system that receives some or all of its finished water from one
				or more wholesale systems. Delivery may be through a direct connection or
				through the distribution system of one or more consecutive systems.
Contaminant
means any physical,
				chemical, biological or radiological substance or matter in water.
Contract Operator Compliance Notice
means a written submittal from a Supplier of Water, who has contracted with a
				Certified Operator (pursuant to
				310
				CMR 22.11B) , to the Department identifying
				the allocation of the following categories of duties and responsibilities
				between the Supplier of Water and the Certified Operator, on a form to be
				provided by the Department:
(a) operation and maintenance;
(b) monitoring and reporting;
(c) compliance;
(d) recordkeeping;
(e) administration;
(f) emergency response;
(g) budgeting;
(h) safety and source protection;
(i) training;
(j) inspections; and
(k) consumer relations.
Conventional Filtration Treatment
means a series of processes, including coagulation, flocculation,
				sedimentation, and filtration resulting in substantial particulate
				removal.
Corrosion Inhibitor
means a substance
				capable of reducing the corrosivity of water toward metal plumbing materials,
				especially lead and copper, by forming a protective film on the interior
				surface of those materials.
CT
or
CTcalc
is the product of "residual disinfectant concentration" ("C") in mg/l
				determined before or at the first customer, and the corresponding "disinfectant
				contact time" ("T") in minutes,
i.e
., "C" x "T". If a public
				water system applies disinfectants at more than one point prior to the first
				customer, it must determine the CT of each disinfectant sequence before or at
				the first customer to determine the total percent inactivation or "total
				inactivation ratio". In determining the total inactivation ratio, the public
				water system must determine the residual disinfectant concentration of each
				disinfection sequence and corresponding contact time before any subsequent
				disinfection application point(s). "CT99.9" is the CT
				value required for 99.9% (3-log) inactivation of
Giardia
				lamblia
cysts. CT for a variety of disinfectants and conditions appear
				in Tables (1.1-22.20A through 1.6-22.20A, 2.1-22.20A and 3.1-22.20A) in
				310 CMR
				22.20A(5)(b)3.
Click
				here to view image
is the inactivation ratio. The sum of the inactivation ratios,
				or total inactivation ratio shown as
Click
				here to view image
is calculated by adding together the inactivation ratio for
				each disinfection sequence. A total inactivation ratio equal to or greater than
				1.0 is assumed to provide a 3-log inactivation of
Giardia
				lamblia
cysts.
Customers
, for the purpose of
				310 CMR
				22.16A, means billing units or service
				connections to which water is delivered by a community water system.
Day
means calendar day, except as
				otherwise expressly provided in
				310 CMR
				22.00.
Department
means the Department of
				Environmental Protection of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Detected Contaminant
, for the purpose
				of
				310 CMR
				22.16A, means at or above the method
				detection levels reported by the certified laboratory which shall be less than
				or equal to the method detection levels prescribed by
				310 CMR
				22.00.
Diatomaceous Earth
means a fine,
				siliceous (made of silica) material composed mainly of the skeletal remains of
				diatoms.
Direct Filtration
means a method of
				treating water which consists of the addition of coagulant chemicals, flash
				mixing, Coagulation, minimal flocculation, and Filtration; but does not include
				Sedimentation.
Direct Responsible Charge
means
				accountability for and performance of active, daily on-site operation of a
				Treatment Facility or Distribution System, or a major segment of a Treatment
				Facility or Distribution System where shift operation is not required. Where
				shift operation is required "Direct Responsible Charge" shall mean
				accountability for and performance of active, daily on-site operation of an
				operating shift, or a major segment of the operation of a Treatment Facility or
				Distribution System.
Disinfectant
means any oxidant,
				including but not limited to chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloramines, and
				ozone, which is added to water in any part of the treatment or distribution
				process, and which is intended to kill or inactivate pathogenic
				microorganisms.
Disinfectant Contact Time
("T" in CT
				calculations) means the time in minutes that it takes for water to move from
				the Point of Disinfectant Application or the previous point of Disinfectant
				residual measurement to a point before or at the point where Residual
				Disinfectant Concentration ("C") is measured. Where only one "C" is measured,
				"T" is the time in minutes that it takes for water to move from the Point of
				Disinfectant Application to a point before or at where Residual Disinfectant
				Concentration ("C") is measured. Where more than one "C is measured, "T is (a)
				for the first measurement of "C", the time in minutes that it takes for water
				to move from the first or only Point of Disinfectant Application to a point
				before or at the point where the first "C" is measured and (b) for subsequent
				measurements of "C", the time in minutes that it takes for water to move from
				the previous "C" measurement point to the "C" measurement point for which the
				particular "T" is being calculated. Disinfectant Contact Time in pipelines must
				be calculated based on "plug flow" by dividing the internal volume of the pipe
				by the maximum hourly flow rate through that pipe. Disinfectant Contact Time
				within mixing basins and storage reservoirs must be determined by tracer
				studies or an equivalent demonstration.
Disinfection
means a process that
				inactivates pathogenic organisms in water by chemical oxidants or equivalent
				agents.
Disinfection Profile
means a summary
				of daily
Giardia lamblia
inactivation through the treatment
				plant.
Distribution System
means a system of
				conduits (laterals, distributors, pipes, mains, and their appurtenances, and in
				some cases includes interior plumbing) by which potable water is distributed to
				consumers. The Distribution System may include the source booster pumping
				stations, storage tanks and reservoirs.
Division
means the Drinking Water
				Program, one of the programs within the Bureau of Resource Protection
				comprising the Department of Environmental Protection.
Domestic or Other Non-distribution System Plumbing
				Problem
means a coliform contamination problem in a public water
				system with more than one service connection that is limited to the specific
				service connection from which the coliform-positive sample was taken.
Dose Equivalent
means the product of
				the absorbed dose from ionizing radiation and such factors as account for
				differences in biological effectiveness due to the type of radiation and its
				distribution in the body as specified by the International Commission on
				Radiological Units and Measurements (ICRU).
Dual Sample Set
means a set of two
				samples collected at the same time and same location, with one sample analyzed
				for TTHM and the other sample analyzed for HAA5. Dual Sample Sets are collected
				for the purposes of conducting an IDSE under
				310 CMR 22.07F(1)
				 through
				310 CMR 22.07F(6)
				 and determining compliance with the TTHM and
				HAA5 MCLs under
				310 CMR
				22.07F.
Effective Corrosion Inhibitor Residual
, for the purpose of
				310 CMR
				22.06B only, means a concentration sufficient
				to form a passivating film on the interior walls of a pipe.
Electrodialysis
means the selective
				separation of dissolved solids on the basis of electrical charge, by diffusion
				through a semi-permeable membrane across which an electrical potential is
				imposed.
Emergency
means any situation or
				event, natural or man-made, which causes or threatens to cause damage to a
				water supply system that could disrupt normal water supply functions. An
				Emergency may affect a portion of the system or the entire system. In an
				Emergency, a water supplier must take immediate action to assess the situation
				or event and may need to take immediate action to protect public health.
Emergency Source
means any source of
				water used to supplement or temporarily replace a public water system's active
				or Inactive Source(s) when water of sufficient quality or quantity is not
				available. An Emergency Source may be placed On-line only after the
				Department's approval pursuant to a declaration of a state of water emergency
				under M.G.L. c. 21G, §§ 15 through 17 or as a requirement of a
				Department administrative order.
Enhanced Coagulation
means the
				addition of sufficient coagulant for improved removal of Disinfection byproduct
				precursors by conventional Filtration treatment.
Enhanced Softening
means the improved
				removal of Disinfection byproduct precursors by precipitative softening.
EPA
means the United States
				Environmental Protection Agency.
Expand
means to increase the yield of
				a well or Wellfield above the approved pumping rate.
Filter Profile
means a graphical
				representation of individual filter performance, based on continuous Turbidity
				measurements or total particle counts versus time for an entire filter run,
				from startup to backwash inclusively, that includes an assessment of filter
				performance while another filter is being backwashed.
Filtration
means a process for
				removing particulate matter from water by passage through porous media.
Finished Water
means water that is
				introduced into the distribution system of a public water system and is
				intended for distribution and consumption without further treatment, except as
				treatment necessary to maintain water quality in the distribution system
				(
e.g
., booster Disinfection, addition of corrosion control
				chemicals).
First Draw Sample
means a one-liter
				sample of tap water, collected in accordance with
				310 CMR
				22.06B(1)(a)2. that has been
				standing in plumbing pipes at least six hours and is collected without flushing
				the tap.
Flocculation
means a process to
				enhance agglomeration or collection of smaller floc particles into larger, more
				easily settleable particles through gentle stirring by hydraulic or mechanical
				means.
Flowing Stream
means a course of
				running water flowing in a definite channel.
Foreseeable Future
means that a Public
				Water System has demonstrated its capacity to operate and maintain the system
				in compliance with
				310 CMR
				22.00 and each federal national primary drinking water
				regulation that will be in effect five years from the date of the Department's
				determination of the system's capacity.
GAC10
means granular activated carbon
				filter beds with an empty-bed contact time of ten minutes based on average
				daily flow and a carbon reactivation frequency of every 180 days except that
				the reactivation frequency for GAC10 used as a Best Available Technology for
				compliance with the MCLs under
				310
				CMR 22.07E(1)(c)  shall be
				120 days.
GAC20
means granular activated carbon
				filter beds with an empty-bed contact time of 20 minutes based on average daily
				flow and a carbon reactivation frequency of every 240 days.
Gross Alpha Particle Activity
means
				the total radioactivity due to alpha particle emission as inferred from
				measurements on a dry sample.
Gross Beta Particle Activity
means the
				total radioactivity due to beta particle emission as inferred from measurements
				on a dry sample.
Groundwater
means all water that
				exists beneath the land surface in soils or geologic formations, specifically
				that part of the subsurface water in the Saturated Zone.
Groundwater under the Direct Influence of Surface
				Water
means any water beneath the surface of the ground with
				significant occurrence of insects or other macroorganisms, algae, or
				large-diameter pathogens such as
Giardia lamblia
or
Cryptosporidium
, or significant and relatively rapid shifts in
				water characteristics such as Turbidity, temperature, conductivity, or pH which
				closely correlate to climatological or Surface Water conditions.
Guidelines and Policies for Public Water
				Systems
means the Department's Drinking Water Program's document
				titled "Guidelines and Policies for Public Water Systems," as amended, utilized
				by the Drinking Water Program as a guidance document. Copies of the "Guidelines
				and Policies for Public Water Systems" are available for a nominal fee from the
				State Bookstore, State House, Room 116, Boston, Massachusetts and 436 Dwight
				Street, Springfield, Massachusetts.
Haloacetic Acids (Five) (HAA5)
means
				the sum of the concentrations in milligrams per liter of the haloacetic acid
				compounds (monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid,
				monobromoacetic acid, and dibromoacetic acid), rounded to two significant
				figures after addition.
Halogen
means one of the chemical
				elements chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
Home Water Treatment Device
means any
				apparatus, appliance, instrument, or product designed or used in conjunction
				with residential plumbing systems or systems providing water in any building or
				structure for human consumption or use; including but not limited to,
				apparatus, appliances, instruments, or products using Filtration, distillation,
				absorption, ion exchange, Reverse Osmosis, or other treatment processes or
				technologies which alter the properties of water.
Home Water
				Treatment Device
includes point-of-entry and point-of-use
				devices.
Inactive Source
means an Approved
				Source(s) that is expected to be off-line for at least one year (12 months). A
				source may be deemed inactive only upon written approval of the Department. An
				Inactive Source may not return to active status without written approval from
				the Department. Monitoring as specified at
				310 CMR
				22.00, is not required during the time that the source
				is inactive, unless otherwise specified by the Department.
Infiltration Gallery
means a
				subsurface Groundwater collection system, which generally consists of a
				horizontal screen(s) or other porous media that collects Groundwater and
				induced Surface Water and routes it to a chamber from which water is pumped to
				a water treatment plant or Distribution System, installed adjacent to a Surface
				Water body for the purpose of inducing infiltration from the Surface Water
				body.
Initial Compliance Period
means the
				first full three-year Compliance Period which begins at least 18 months after
				promulgation of the federal regulations.
Interim Wellhead Protection Area
				(IWPA)
means that for public water systems using wells or
				Wellfields that lack a Department-approved Zone II, the Department will apply
				an Interim Wellhead Protection Area. This Interim Wellhead Protection Area
				shall be a one half mile radius measured from the well or Wellfield for sources
				whose approved pumping rate is 100,000 gpd or greater. For wells or Wellfields
				that pump less than 100,000 gpd, the IWPA radius is proportional to the
				approved pumping rate which may be calculated according to the following
				equation: IWPA radius in feet = (32 x pumping rate in gallons per minute) +
				400. A default IWPA radius or an IWPA radius otherwise computed and determined
				by the Department shall be applied to Transient Non-community Water System
				(TNC) and Non-transient Non-community Water System (NTNC) wells when there is
				no metered rate of withdrawal or no approved pumping rate.
Laboratory Analyst
means a Person who
				is qualified to perform tests in specified disciplines or categories.
Laboratory Director
means the Person
				who has administrative and legal responsibility for the operation of the
				laboratory.
Laboratory Supervisor/Consultant
means
				a Person with management and technical responsibility, who exercises
				supervision over technical personnel, evaluates the quality of analytical
				methods, performs tests requiring special scientific skills and is responsible
				for the accuracy and reporting of results.
Lake/Reservoir
means a natural or man
				made basin or hollow on the Earth's surface in which water collects or is
				stored that may or may not have a current or single direction of flow.
Large Water System
, for the purpose of
				310
				CMR 22.06(B), means a water
				system that serves more than 50,000 persons.
Lead-free
means:
(a) not containing more than 0.2% lead when used with respect
				to solder and flux; and (b) not more than a weighted average of 0.25% lead when
				used with respect to the wetted surfaces of pipes, pipe fittings, plumbing
				fittings, and fixtures; provided that the weighted average lead content of a
				pipe, pipe fitting, plumbing fitting, or fixture shall be calculated by using
				the following formula:
1. for each wetted component, the percentage of lead in the
				component shall be multiplied by the ratio of the wetted surface area of that
				component to the total wetted surface area of the entire product to arrive at
				the weighted percentage of lead of the component;
2. the weighted percentage of lead of each wetted component
				shall be added together, and the sum of these weighted percentages shall
				constitute the weighted average lead content of the product;
3. the lead content of the material used to produce wetted
				components shall be used to determine compliance; and
4. for lead content of materials that are provided as a range,
				the maximum content of the range shall be used.
Lead Service Line
means a service line
				made of lead which connects the water main to the building inlet and any lead
				pigtail, gooseneck or other fitting that is connected to such lead line.
Legionella
means a genus of bacteria,
				some species of which have caused a type of pneumonia called Legionnaires
				Disease.
Level 1 Assessment
means an evaluation
				to identify the possible presence of Sanitary Defects, defects in Distribution
				System coliform monitoring practices, and (when possible) the likely reason
				that the system triggered the assessment, and which consists, at a minimum, of
				the following elements:
(a) review and identification of atypical events that could
				affect distributed water quality or indicate that distributed water quality was
				impaired;
(b) changes in Distribution System maintenance and operation
				that could affect distributed water quality (including water storage);
(c) source and treatment considerations that bear on
				distributed water quality, where appropriate (
e.g
., whether a
				groundwater system is disinfected);
(d) existing water quality monitoring data; and
(e) inadequacies in sample sites, sampling protocol, and sample
				processing.
Level 2 Assessment
means an evaluation
				to identify the possible presence of Sanitary Defects, defects in Distribution
				System coliform monitoring practices, and (when possible) the likely reason
				that the system triggered the assessment, and which consists of a more detailed
				examination of the system (including the system's monitoring and operational
				practices) than a Level 1 Assessment through the use of more comprehensive
				investigation and review of available information, additional internal and
				external resources, and other relevant practices, and includes, at a minimum,
				the following elements:
(a) review and identification of atypical events that could
				affect distributed water quality or indicate that distributed water quality was
				impaired;
(b) changes in Distribution System maintenance and operation
				that could affect distributed water quality (including water storage);
(c) source and treatment considerations that bear on
				distributed water quality, where appropriate (
e.g
., whether a
				groundwater system is disinfected);
(d) existing water quality monitoring data; and
(e) inadequacies in sample sites, sampling protocol, and sample
				processing.
Locational Running Annual Average
				(LRAA)
means the average of sample analytical results for samples
				taken at a particular monitoring location during the previous four calendar
				quarters.
Man-made Beta Particle
and
Photon Emitters
means all radionuclides emitting beta
				particles and/or photons listed in
Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and
				Maximum Permissible Concentration of Radionuclides in Air or Water for
				Occupational Exposure, NBS Handbook 69
, except the daughter products
				of thorium-232, uranium-235 and uranium-238.
Maximum Contaminant Level
or
MCL
means the maximum permissible level of a
				contaminant in water which is delivered to any user of a public water system.
				The definition of Maximum Contaminant Level for the purpose of the consumer
				confidence report is contained in
				310 CMR
				22.16A(4)(c)2.
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal or MCLG
means the level of a contaminant in drinking water at or below which there is
				no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level
				(MRDL)
means a level of a Disinfectant added for water treatment
				that may not be exceeded at the consumer's tap without an unacceptable
				possibility of adverse health effects. MRDLs are enforceable in the same manner
				as Maximum Contaminant Levels under
				310 CMR
				22.00.
Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal
				(MRDLG)
means the maximum level of a Disinfectant added for water
				treatment at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of
				Persons would occur, and which allows an adequate margin of safety. MRDLGs are
				non-enforceable health goals and do not reflect the benefit of the addition of
				the chemical for control of waterborne microbial contaminants.
Maximum Total Trihalomethane Potential
means the maximum concentration of Total Trihalomethanes produced in a given
				water containing a Disinfectant residual after seven days at a temperature of
				25°C or above.
Medium-size Water System
, for the
				purpose of
				310 CMR
				22.06B, means a water system that serves
				greater than 3,300 and less than or equal to 50,000 persons.
Membrane Filtration
means a pressure
				or vacuum driven separation process in which particulate matter larger than one
				micrometer is rejected by an engineered barrier, primarily through a
				sizeexclusion mechanism, and which has a measurable removal efficiency of a
				target organism that can be verified through the application of a direct
				integrity test. 310 CMR 22.02:
Membrane Filtration
includes the common membrane technologies of microfiltration, utrafiltration,
				nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis.
Method Detection Limit
or
MDL
means the minimum concentration of substance that
				can be identified, measured, and reported with 99% confidence that the analyte
				concentration is greater than zero and is determined from analysis of a sample
				in a given matrix containing the analyte. The method detection limit refers to
				samples that have been processed through all the steps of an established
				analytical procedure.
Minimum Reporting Level
or
MRL
means the minimum concentration that can be
				reported as a quantitated value for a target analyte in a sample following
				analysis.
Near the First Service Connection
means at one of the 20% of all service connections in the entire system that
				are nearest the water supply treatment facility, as measured by water transport
				time within the distribution system.
New Source
means any existing,
				proposed, or expanded use of a water source in a public water system that has
				not met the requirements of guidelines and regulations utilized by the Drinking
				Water Program.
New Source Approval Process
means the
				step-by-step process utilized by the Department's Drinking Water Program
				culminating in the development of water for a public water system.
Non-zoning Controls
means by-laws,
				ordinances, rules and regulations, other than Zoning Controls, adopted in
				accordance with the constitutional and statutory powers of cities and towns to
				protect the health, safety and general welfare of their present and future
				inhabitants.
On-line
means a well, Wellfield or
				Surface Water Source from which water currently is being pumped or drawn for
				use in a public water system.
Optimal Corrosion Control Treatment
means, for the purpose of
				310 CMR
				22.06B only, the corrosion control treatment
				that minimizes the lead and copper concentrations at users' taps while insuring
				that the treatment does not cause the water system to violate any national
				primary drinking water regulations.
Performance Evaluation Sample
means a
				reference sample provided to a laboratory for the purpose of demonstrating that
				the laboratory can successfully analyze the sample within limits of performance
				set by the Department.
Person
means an individual,
				corporation, company, association, trust, partnership, the Commonwealth, a
				municipality, district or other subdivision or body politic of the
				Commonwealth, any department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States,
				except that nothing herein shall be construed to refer to or include any
				American Indian tribe, or the United States Secretary of the Interior in his
				capacity as trustee of Indian lands.
Picocurie (pCi)
means that quantity of
				radioactive material producing 2.22 nuclear transformations per minute.
Plant Intake
means the works or
				structures at the head of a conduit through which water is diverted from a
				source (
e.g
., river or lake) into the treatment plant.
Point of Disinfectant Application
is
				the point where the Disinfectant is applied and water downstream of that point
				is not subject to recontamination by Surface Water runoff.
Point-of-entry Treatment Device (POE)
means a device installed to treat the water entering a house or building or
				portion of such for the purpose of reducing contaminants in the water
				distributed throughout the house or building or portion of such.
Point-of-use Treatment Device (POU)
means a treatment device installed on a single faucet or spigot used for the
				purpose of reducing contaminants in drinking water at that one faucet or
				spigot.
Pre-sedimentation
means a preliminary
				treatment process used to remove gravel, sand and other particulate material
				from the source water through settling before the water enters the primary
				clarification and Filtration processes in a treatment plant.
Primary Operator
means a person who is
				certified by the Board of Certification of Drinking Water Supply Facilities and
				has a grade certificate at least equal to the class of the corresponding
				facility at which he or she is employed. The Primary Operator shall be the
				individual who has direct supervision and responsibility for charge of the
				operation of a facility such as the superintendent or chief plant operator who
				has active field supervision of the operation of the facility or who is
				required in the performance of their normal duties to give responsible,
				technical advice and supervision of the technical aspects rather than only
				general administrative supervision of the treatment and/or distribution of the
				water supply and spends their working hours at the treatment facility or
				performing distribution system duties and is knowledgeable of
				310 CMR
				22.00, guidelines and policies. The Primary Operator
				of the facility shall hold a "Full Operator" status and cannot hold an
				"Operator-in-training" certificate as defined in
				236 CMR
				4.05:
Issuance of
				Certificates
.
Public Water System
means a system for
				the provision to the public of water for human consumption, through pipes or
				other constructed conveyances, if such system has at least 15 service
				connections or regularly serves an average of at least 25 individuals daily at
				least 60 days of the year.
Public Water System
includes any collection, treatment, storage, and distribution facilities under
				control of the operator of such a system and used primarily in connection with
				such system, and any collection or pretreatment storage facilities not under
				such control which are used primarily in connection with such system. The
				Department may presume that a system is a Public Water System as defined in
				310 CMR
				22.00 based on the average number of persons using a
				facility served by the system or on the number of bedrooms in a residential
				home or facility. The Department reserves the right to evaluate and determine
				whether two or more wells located on commonly owned property, that individually
				may serve less than 25 people, but collectively serve more than 25 people for
				more than 60 days of the year should not be regulated as a Public Water System,
				taking into account the risk to public health. A Public Water System includes a
				"Community Water System" or a "Non-community Water System".
(a)
Community Water System
means a
				Public Water System which serves at least 15 service connections used by
				year-round residents or regularly serves at least 25-year round
				residents.
(b)
Non-community Water System
means a
				Public Water System that is not a Community Water System.
1.
Non-transient Non-community Water
				System
or
NTNC
means a Public Water
				System that is not a Community Water System and that has at least 15 service
				connections or regularly serves at least 25 of the same individualss or more
				approximately four or more hours per day, four or more days per week, more than
				six months or 180 days per year; such as a workplace providing water to its
				employees.
2.
Transient Non-community Water
				System
or
TNC
means a Public Water System
				that is not a Community Water System or a Non-transient Non-community Water
				System, but is a Public Water System which has at least 15 service connections
				or serves water to 25 different persons at least 60 days per year. Some
				examples of these types of systems are: restaurants, motels, camp grounds,
				parks, golf courses, ski areas and community centers.
Public Water System Capacity
means a
				Public Water System has the technical, financial, and managerial ability to
				operate in compliance with
				310 CMR
				22.00, the Department's
Guidelines and
				Policies for Public Water System
and each National Primary Drinking
				Water Regulation in effect at the time of such approval and in the foreseeable
				future
Raw Water
means water in its natural
				state, prior to treatment, which typically is the water entering the first
				treatment process of a water treatment plant.
Reliably and Consistently below the
				MCL
means that though a system detects contaminants in its water
				supply, it has sufficient knowledge of the source or extent of the
				contamination to predict that the MCL would not be exceeded in the future. Wide
				variations in analytical results or an analytical result which is close to the
				MCL are examples of situations where systems would not be Reliably and
				Consistently below the MCL.
Rem
means the unit of Dose Equivalent
				from ionizing radiation to the total body or any internal organ or organ
				system. A "millirem (mrem)" is 
				1/ of a rem.
Repeat Compliance Period
means any
				subsequent Compliance Period after the Initial Compliance Period.
Replacement Well
means a new
				well(s)/Wellfield installed to replace or supplement an approved
				well(s)/Wellfield where the proposed new well(s)/Wellfield will be situated
				within 250 feet of the original well(s)/Wellfield and have a pumping rate equal
				to or less than that of the original well(s)/Wellfield. Replacement Wells must
				be installed in the same unconsolidated geologic formation as the original
				approved well(s)/Wellfield. Criteria used to determine location of Replacement
				Wells shall include, but not be limited to, the following: extent to which
				negative environmental impacts caused by the existing well can be minimized;
				degree to which Replacement Wells alter the existing groundwater hydraulics or
				Zone II boundaries; and the degree to which significant potential contamination
				threats can be lessened. Replacement Wells shall not significantly alter the
				existing groundwater hydraulics or Zone II boundaries. Replacement Wells are
				subject to the New Source requirements as deemed applicable by the
				Department.
Residual Disinfectant Concentration
("C" in CT calculations) means the concentration of Disinfectant measured in
				mg/l in a representative sample of water.
Reverse Osmosis
means the application
				of pressure to a concentrated solution which causes the passage of a liquid
				from the concentrated solution to a weaker solution across a semi-permeable
				membrane. The membrane allows the passage of the water (solvent) but not the
				dissolved solids (solutes).
River Source
means a drinking water
				source with a direct intake located at any river or stream that is designated
				as a drinking water source in
				314 CMR 4.00:
Massachusetts Surface Water Quality Standards
. Protected Zones
				A, B, and C, as defined in
				310 CMR
				22.00, do not apply to River Sources designated as
				Class B under
				314 CMR 4.00.
Running Annual Average
. The Running
				Annual Average for MCL/MRDL compliance calculation purposes is defined as the
				average of quarterly or monthly averages of the compliance monitoring result(s)
				from the prior four calendar quarters. If multiple compliance monitoring
				samples are collected in any given quarter or month, then the results of these
				samples are averaged in order to establish a single representative contaminant
				concentration for each quarter or month. These quarterly (four values) or
				monthly (12 values) concentrations are then averaged for the prior four
				calendar quarters. If all of the required compliance monitoring sample(s) for a
				quarter or month were not collected, then the Running Annual Average
				calculation shall exclude a concentration value for that quarter or month
				(
e.g
., if one quarter's sampling is missing, then the Running
				Annual Average is based upon the sum of the quarterly averages from the other
				three quarters divided by three). Results from additional samples that were
				collected and analyzed in the same manner as compliance monitoring samples and
				that are representative of drinking water being provided to the public may also
				be used in this calculation.
Sampling Point
means the entry point
				to the distribution system that represents each source after treatment.
Sanitary Defect
means a defect that
				could provide a pathway of entry for microbial contamination into the
				Distribution System or that is indicative of a failure or imminent failure in a
				barrier that is already in place. (
Sanitary Defect
may
				also be identified as a Significant Deficiency under the Ground Water Rule
				310 CMR
				22.26.)
Sanitary Survey
means an on-site
				review of the water sources, facilities, equipment, operation and maintenance
				of a Public Water System for the purpose of evaluating the adequacy of such
				source, facilities, equipment, operation and maintenance for producing and
				distributing safe drinking water.
Satellite Facility
means a Treatment
				Facility which is operated, controlled, and monitored by an appropriately
				Certified Operator working within the same Public Water System.
Saturated Zone
means a zone in which
				all voids, large and small, are filled with water under pressure, equal to or
				greater than atmospheric pressure.
SCADA
see
definition
				for
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
				System
.
Seasonal System
means a Non-community
				Water System that is not operated as a Public Water System on a year-round
				basis and starts up and shuts down at the beginning and end of each operating
				season.
Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level
				(SMCL)
means standards which apply to Public Water Systems and
				which in the judgment of the Administrator or the Department, are requisite to
				protect the public welfare. The SMCL is the maximum permissible level of a
				contaminant in water, which is delivered to the free flowing outlet of the
				ultimate user of a Public Water System. Contaminants added to the water under
				circumstances controlled by such user, except those resulting from corrosion of
				piping and plumbing caused by water quality, are excluded from
Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (SMCL)
Secondary Operator
means a person who
				is certified by the Board of Certification of Operators of Drinking Water
				Supply Facilities and has an operator's license not less than one grade lower
				than the classification of the facility at which they are employed. For Class
				III treatment facilities or higher, the Secondary Operator must also have at
				least six months working experience in a Class II treatment facility or higher.
				A Secondary Operator shall be an individual who spends their working hours at
				the treatment facility as the shift supervisor or performs distribution system
				duties as a foreman or assistant superintendent and is knowledgeable of
				310 CMR
				22.00:
Drinking Water
, guidelines and
				policies. A Secondary Operator shall be in Direct Responsible Charge during
				periods of time when the Primary Operator is temporarily absent or is not
				scheduled for duty. The Secondary Operator may hold an Operator-in-Training
				certificate as defined in 236 CMR:
Board of Certification of Operators
				of Drinking Water Supply Facilities
.
Sedimentation
means a process for
				removal of solids before Filtration by gravity or separation.
Service Line Sample
means a one-liter
				sample of water, collected in accordance with
				310 CMR
				22.06B(7)  has been standing
				for at least six hours in a service line.
Significant Deficiency
means one or
				more conditions that cause, or have the potential to cause, the introduction of
				contamination into water delivered to customers, including without
				limitation:
(a) defects in design, operation, or maintenance of any source,
				Treatment Facility or Distribution System; and
(b) the failure or malfunction of any of source, Treatment
				Facility or Distribution System. (Significant Deficiency may also be identified
				as a Sanitary Defect under
				310
				CMR 22.05.)
Single Family Structure
, for the
				purpose of
				310 CMR
				22.06B only, means a building constructed as
				a single-family residence that is currently used as either a residence or a
				place of business.
Slow Sand Filtration
means a process
				involving passage of raw water through a bed of sand at low velocity (generally
				less than 0.4 m/h) resulting in substantial particulate removal by physical and
				biological mechanisms.
Small Water System
, for the purpose of
				310 CMR
				22.06B, means a water system that serves no
				more than 3,300 persons.
Spring
means a natural discharge point
				where groundwater issues from soil or rocks in concentrated flow. Public water
				supply Springs will be perennial or intermittent springs of nonthermal origin.
				A source is not considered a Spring if mechanical methods are used to enhance
				the flow of water.
Stabilization
means the processes that
				convert organic materials to a form that resists change. Organic material is
				stabilized by bacteria which convert the material to gases and other relatively
				inert substances. Stabilized organic material generally will not give off
				obnoxious odors.
Standard Sample
means the aliquot of
				finished drinking water that is examined for the presence of coliform
				bacteria.
Substantial Modification
means any
				deviation from approved plans or specifications affecting capacity, hydraulic
				conditions, operating units, the functioning of water treatment processes or
				systems, or the quality of water delivered to consumers.
Substantial Modification
does not apply to Substantial
				Modifications as that term is used in
				310 CMR
				22.22.
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
				System
or
SCADA System
means a
				computer-monitored alarm, response, control and data acquisition system used by
				drinking water facilities to monitor their operations.
Supplier of Water
means any Person who
				owns or operates a Public Water System.
Surface Water
means all water that is
				open to the atmosphere and subject to surface runoff.
Surface Water Source
means any lake,
				pond, reservoir, river, stream or impoundment designated as a public water
				supply in
				314 CMR 4.00:
Massachusetts Surface Water Quality Standards
.
SUVA
means Specific Ultraviolet
				Absorption at 254 nanometers (nm), an indicator of the humic content of water.
				It is a calculated parameter obtained by dividing a sample's ultraviolet
				absorption at a wavelength of 254 nm (UV) (in m-1)
				by its concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (in mg/l).
System with a Single Service
				Connection
means a system that supplies drinking water to
				consumers via a single service line.
Tier 1 Public Notice
means a public
				notice required for
				310 CMR
				22.00 violations and situations with significant
				potential to have serious adverse effects on human health as a result of
				shortterm exposure.
Tier 2 Public Notice
means a public
				notice required for
				310 CMR
				22.00 violations and situations with potential to have
				serious adverse effects on human health.
Tier 3 Public Notice
means a public
				notice for all other
				310 CMR
				22.00 violations and situations not included in Tier 1
				and Tier 2.
Too Numerous to Count (TNTC)
means
				that the total number of bacterial colonies exceeds 200 on a 47-mm diameter
				membrane filter used for coliform detection.
Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
means Total
				Organic Carbon in mg/l measured using heat, oxygen, ultraviolet irradiation,
				chemical oxidants, or combinations of these oxidants that convert organic
				carbon to carbon dioxide, rounded to two significant figures.
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM)
means the
				sum, rounded to two significant figures, of the concentrations in milligrams
				per liter of the trihalomethane compounds, trichloromethane (chloroform),
				bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and tribromomethane
				(bromoform).
Treatment Facility
means those
				components of a Public Water System involved in the production of drinking
				water for public consumption by the addition of any chemical or use of any
				treatment process to alter the physical, biological or chemical quality of the
				water.
Treatment Technique (TT)
means a
				process, practice, or device required by
				310 CMR
				22.00, the National Primary Drinking Water Standards,
				or by the terms and conditions of a permit, approval or order issued by the
				Department intended to reduce the level of a contaminant or other constituent
				in drinking water.
Tributary
means any body of running,
				or intermittently running, water which moves in a definite channel, naturally
				or artificially created, in the ground due to a hydraulic gradient, and which
				ultimately flows into a Class A Surface Water Source, as defined in
				314 CMR
				4.05(3)(a):
Class
				A
.
Trihalomethane
means one of the family
				of organic compounds, named as derivatives of methane, wherein three of the
				four hydrogen atoms in methane are each substituted by a Halogen atom in the
				molecular structure.
Two-stage Lime Softening
means a
				process in which chemical addition and hardness precipitation occur in each of
				two distinct unit clarification processes in series prior to Filtration.
Turbidity
means a measure of water
				clarity. Turbidity is measured in terms of Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU),
				representing the intensity of light scattered by a sample under defined
				conditions.
Uncovered Finished Water Storage
				Facility
means is a tank, reservoir, or other facility used to
				store water that will undergo no further treatment to reduce microbial
				pathogens except residual Disinfection and is directly open to the
				atmosphere.
Variances and Exemptions
means, as
				defined in
				310 CMR
				22.16A(4)(d)1., permission
				by the Department or EPA not to meet an MCL or a Treatment Technique under
				certain conditions
Virus
means a Virus of fecal origin
				which is infectious to humans by waterborne transmission.
Water Used for Human Consumption
means
				water that is used by humans in residential, commercial, industrial,
				institutional or other setting for drinking, bathing, showering, cooking,
				dishwashing, or maintaining oral hygiene.
Waterborne Disease Outbreak
means the
				significant occurrence of acute infectious illness, epidemiologically
				associated with the ingestion of water from a Public Water System which is
				deficient in treatment, as determined by the Department in conjunction with the
				Massachusetts Department of Public Health.
Watershed
means the area contained
				within geomorphic or topographic boundaries of higher elevations which cause
				Surface Water and/or Groundwater to drain or flow to lower elevations into
				water used as a Public Water System source.
Wellfield
means a series of three or
				more wells that are manifolded together provided that the wells:
(a) shall be either suction lifted or individually pumped all
				at the same time;
(b) shall have pump intake depths no greater than 28 feet below
				ground level; and
(c) shall be a maximum distance of 50 feet apart.
Wholesale System
means a Public Water
				System that treats source water as necessary to produce finished water and then
				delivers some or all of that finished water to another Public Water System.
				Delivery may be through a direct connection or through the distribution system
				of one or more consecutive systems.
Zone A
means:
(a) the land area between the Surface Water Source and the
				upper boundary of the Bank;
(b) the land area within a 400 foot lateral distance from the
				upper boundary of the Bank of a Class A Surface Water Source, as defined in
				314 CMR
				4.05(3)(a):
Class
				A
; and
(c) the land area within a 200 foot lateral distance from the
				upper boundary of the Bank of a Tributary or associated Surface Water
				body.
Zone B
means the land area within
				½ mile of the upper boundary of the Bank of a Class A Surface Water
				Source, as defined in
				314 CMR
				4.05(3)(a):
Class
				A
, or edge of Watershed, whichever is less. However, Zone B shall
				always include the land area within a 400-foot lateral distance from the upper
				boundary of the Bank of the Class A Surface Water Source.
Zone C
means the land area not
				designated as Zone A or B within the Watershed of a Class A Surface Water
				Source as defined at
				314 CMR
				4.05(3)(a):
Class
				A
.
Zone I
means the protective radius
				required around a public water supply well or Wellfield. For Public Water
				System wells with approved yields of 100,000 gpd or greater, the protective
				radius is 400 feet. Wellfields and infiltration galleries with approved yields
				of 10,000 gpd or greater require a 250-foot protective radius. Protective radii
				for all other Public Water System wells, Wellfields, and infiltration galleries
				are determined by the following equation: Zone I radius in feet = (150 x log of
				pumping rate in gpd) - 350. This equation is equivalent to the chart in the
Guidelines and Policies for Public Water Systems
. A default
				Zone I radius or a Zone I radius otherwise computed and determined by the
				Department shall be applied to Transient Non-community Water System (TNC) and
				Non-transient Non-community Water System (NTNC) wells when there is no metered
				rate of withdrawal or no approved pumping rate. In no case shall the Zone I
				radius be less than 100 feet.
Zone II
means that area of an aquifer
				that contributes water to a well under the most severe pumping and recharge
				conditions that can be realistically anticipated (180 days of pumping at
				approved yield, with no recharge from precipitation). It is bounded by the
				groundwater divides that result from pumping the well and by the contact of the
				aquifer with less permeable materials such as till or bedrock. In some cases,
				streams or lakes may act as recharge boundaries. In all cases, Zone II shall
				extend upgradient to its point of intersection with prevailing hydrogeologic
				boundaries (a groundwater flow divide, a contact with till or bedrock, or a
				recharge boundary). The Zone II must include the entire Zone I area. For
				Springs, the Zone II is that area of an aquifer, which contributes water to the
				Spring under naturally flowing conditions.
Zone III
means that land area beyond
				the area of Zone II from which Surface Water and groundwater drain into Zone
				II. The surface drainage area as determined by topography is commonly
				coincident with the groundwater drainage area and will be used to delineate
				Zone III. In some locations, where surface and groundwater drainage is not
				coincident, Zone III shall consist of both the surface drainage and the
				groundwater drainage areas.
Zoning Controls
means by-laws and
				ordinances adopted by cities and towns in accordance with M.G.L. c. 40A.
(2)
Definitions as Related to Cross
				Connections
. As used in
				310 CMR
				22.22, unless the context indicates
				otherwise, the following words shall have the following meanings:
Air Gap Separation
means the method of
				preventing backflow through the use of an unobstructed vertical distance
				through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet
				supplying water to a tank, plumbing fixture, or other device and the flood
				level rim of the receptacle. The air gap separation shall be at least twice the
				internal diameter of the supply pipe discharge line but in no case less than
				one inch.
Approved Backflow Prevention Device
or
Device
means a testable or non-testable cross
				connection control device that is approved by the Department for use in
				Massachusetts.
Approved Examiner
means an individual
				authorized in writing by the Department to administer written and practical
				certification examinations at a recognized training institution.
Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker
means an
				approved backflow device used to prevent back siphonage which is not designed
				for use under static line pressure.
Audit
means a review of a Public Water
				System's implementation of its cross connection program to evaluate its
				effectiveness in distributing safe drinking water.
Back Pressure
means pressure created
				by mechanical means or other means which causes water or other liquids or
				substances to flow or move in a direction opposite to that which is
				intended.
Back Siphonage
means a form of
				backflow due to reduced or sub-atmospheric pressure within a water
				system.
Backflow
means the flow of water or
				other liquids, mixtures or substances into the distribution pipes of a potable
				water supply from any source other than the intended source.
Backflow Preventer with Intermediate Atmospheric
				Vent
means a non testable device having two independently
				operating check valves separated by an intermediate chamber with a means for
				automatically venting it to the atmosphere, in which the check valves are force
				loaded to a normally closed position and the venting means is forced loaded to
				a normally open position.
Backflow Prevention Device Tester
means an individual who is certified by the Department as a Massachusetts
				Backflow Prevention Device Tester.
Barometric Loop
means a loop of pipe
				rising at least 35 feet, at its topmost point, above the highest fixture it
				supplies for the protection of back siphonage.
Certification Examination
means an
				examination approved by the Department for the purpose of testing competency in
				all areas of cross connection control and backflow prevention device
				testing.
Certified Backflow Prevention Device
				Tester
means an individual who holds a valid Massachusetts
				Backflow Prevention Device Tester's Certificate issued by the
				Department.
Contaminant
means any physical,
				chemical, biological or radiological substance or matter in water.
Cross Connection
means any actual or
				potential physical connection or arrangement between a pipe conveying potable
				water from a Public Water System and any non-potable water supply, piping
				arrangement or equipment including, but not limited to, waste pipe, soil pipe,
				sewer, drain, other unapproved sources.
Cross Connection Program Plan
means a
				plan submitted to the Department by the water supplier describing the current
				and proposed cross connection program and including information on staffing,
				training, testing, surveying, fee structure,
etc
.
Cross Connection Surveyor
means a
				Person who is certified by the Department as a Massachusetts Cross Connection
				Surveyor.
Cross Connection Violation Form
means
				a violation form which is sent to the owner by the water supplier with copies
				to the plumbing inspectors and Board of Health delineating cross connection
				violations found on the owner's premises and a procedure for corrective
				action.
Department's Designee
or
Designee
means any water supplier to whom, upon
				written request of said water supplier, the Department delegates any portion of
				its authority to act under
				310 CMR
				22.22.
Design Data Sheet
means a report form
				submitted to the Department or its Designee along with plans for each
				installation of a reduced pressure backflow preventer or double check valve
				assembly, or for each change to any such device already installed, describing
				and showing the details of the specific installation.
Double Check Valve Assembly
means a
				Department approved testable backflow prevention device that incorporates an
				assembly of check valves, with shut-off valves at each end and appurtenances
				for testing.
Health Hazard
means an actual or
				potential threat of contamination to the potable water in a Public Water
				System, which, in the opinion of the Department or its Designee would endanger
				health.
Hose Bibb Vacuum Breaker
means an
				atmospheric vacuum breaker designed to be used on outlets with hose connection
				thread.
In-plant Protection
means the location
				of approved backflow prevention devices in a manner, which provides protection
				of the consumers of water and the potable water system within the
				premises.
Inspection
means an on-site inspection
				and survey by a qualified individual to determine the existence and location of
				cross connections and/or the physical examination and testing of an installed
				backflow prevention device to verify that the backflow prevention device is
				functioning properly.
Inspection and Maintenance Report Form
means a report form, designated by the Department, which is to be used by
				certified testers to record all pertinent testing information.
Owner
means any Person maintaining a
				cross connection installation or owning or occupying premises on which cross
				connections can or do exist.
Owner's Agent
means any Person or body
				designated by the owner to act as his or her representative.
Potable Water
means water from any
				source that has been approved by the Department for human consumption.
Pressure Vacuum Breaker
means an
				approved backflow prevention device designed to prevent only back siphonage and
				which is designed for use under static line pressure.
Reduced Pressure Backflow Preventer
means an approved testable backflow prevention device incorporating:
(a) two or more check valves;
(b) an automatically operating differential relief valve
				located between the two checks;
(c) two shut-off valves; and
(d) necessary appurtenances for testing; and which is designed
				to operate so that:
1. the pressure in the zone between the two check valves is
				maintained at a value less than the pressure on the Public Water System side of
				the device;
2. at cessation of normal flow, the pressure in the zone
				between the two check valves is maintained at a value less than the pressure on
				the Public Water System side of the device; and
3. in the case of leakage of either check valve, the
				differential relief valve shall operate to maintain reduced pressure in the
				zone by discharging to the atmosphere.
Reviewing Authority
means the
				Department, its Designee, or the local plumbing inspector, authorized by M.G.L.
				c. 142 and licensed by the Board of State Examiners of Plumbers and Gas
				Fitters, whichever is responsible for the review and approval of the
				installation of an approved backflow prevention device.
Unapproved Source
means the source or
				distribution system for any water or other liquid or substance which has not
				been approved by the Department as being of safe and sanitary quality for human
				consumption, including but not limited to any waste pipe, soil pipe, sewer,
				drain, or non-acceptable potable water system material.