Michigan Administrative Code › Department - Labor and Economic Opportunity › MIOSHA › X-Ray Machine Registration › Ionizing Radiation Rules Governing the Use of Radiation Machines › Part 8 - MEDICAL EXTREMITY X-RAY INSTALLATIONS › FIXED RADIOGRAPHIC INSTALLATIONS › Section R. 333.5366 - Conditions of operation

Current through Vol. 24-12, July 15, 2024
Rule 366.
(1)
						An operator shall properly utilize the beam-limiting devices provided to
						restrict the useful beam to the smallest area consistent with clinical
						requirements. Particular care shall be taken to align accurately the x-ray beam
						with the patient and film.
(2) The
						operator shall ensure the presence of adequate filtration before each
						radiographic procedure.
(3) Staff
						personnel routinely working with or around radiation sources shall not be
						required by the registrant to hold film or restrain patients during
						radiography. If the procedure is permitted, personnel exposure shall not exceed
						the limits in R 333.5057 to R 333.5059 or the procedure shall be
						prohibited.
(4) When a patient is
						held in position for radiography, mechanical supporting or restraining devices
						shall be available and shall be used unless contraindicated. If the patient is
						held by an individual, this individual shall wear protective gloves and a
						protective apron of 0.5 millimeter minimum lead equivalence and shall be
						positioned so that no part of his or her body can be struck by the useful beam
						and that his or her body is as far as possible from the edge of the useful
						beam.
(5) During each exposure, the
						operator shall stand at least 1.8 meters (6 feet) from the patient and the
						x-ray tube and outside the useful beam or behind a suitable barrier.
(6) Only individuals whose presence is
						necessary shall be permitted in the radiographic room during an exposure. An
						individual, except the patient, shall be protected by 0.5 millimeter minimum
						lead equivalent aprons unless protected by an approved primary
						barrier.
(7) Personnel monitoring
						shall be performed in controlled areas for each individual occupationally
						exposed to ionizing radiation from diagnostic x-ray equipment. Individual
						monitoring devices, such as film badge dosimeters or thermoluminescent
						dosimeters, shall be permanently assigned to each occupationally exposed
						individual. This monitoring shall be continuous during employment as a
						radiation worker.
(8) Personnel
						exposure records shall be kept on permanent available file at the facility
						where the exposure occurs.
(9)
						Monitoring devices used to estimate whole body exposure shall normally be worn
						on the chest or abdomen. Monitoring of all body parts shall comply with R
						333.5065.
(10) Monitoring devices
						worn to estimate personnel occupational exposure shall not be worn by the
						individual when he or she is exposed as a patient for a medical or dental
						reason.
(11) The gonads of children
						and individuals who have not passed the reproductive age shall be protected
						from the useful beam either by the use of shielding (0.5 mm lead equivalent),
						collimation, or special gonad shields. Special gonadal aprons (0.25 mm lead
						equivalent) are recommended, but not required, for patient protection from
						secondary radiation.
(12)
						Intensifying screens shall be employed to reduce patient exposure except in
						cases where a noticeable decrease in image definition may reduce the clinical
						value of the examination. Film and screen speed combinations shall be carefully
						selected to produce the necessary clinical information with the least exposure
						to the patient consistent with current clinical judgment.
(13) Film processing materials and techniques
						shall be those recommended by the x-ray film and processing materials
						manufacturers unless otherwise tested to insure maximum information content of
						the developed film. Sight developing is not permitted except under extreme
						emergency conditions. Correct temperature control and development time shall be
						used.
(14) A radiographic x-ray
						system shall not be left unattended without locking the apparatus, room, or
						building in some manner which prevents use of the apparatus by unauthorized
						persons.