Iowa Administrative Code › Agency 567 - Environmental Protection Commission › Title II - Air Quality › Division B › Chapter 42 - Public Notification, Public Education, Consumer Confidence Reports, Reporting, and Record Maintenance › Appendix A - Standard Health Effects Language for Public Notification

Current through Register Vol. 47, No. 3, July 24, 2024
Contaminant
Standard Health Effects Language
Microbiological Contaminants
Coliform assessment and/or corrective action
								violations, under 567-subrule 41.2(1)
Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present
								in the environment and are used as an indicator that other potentially harmful
								waterborne pathogens may be present or that a potential pathway exists through
								which contamination may enter the drinking water distribution system. We found
								coliforms indicating the need to look for potential problems in water treatment
								or distribution. When this occurs, we are required to conduct assessments to
								identify problems and to correct any problems that are found. [THE SYSTEM MUST
								INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING APPLICABLE SENTENCES]
* We failed to conduct the required
								assessment.
* We failed to correct all identified sanitary
								defects that were found during the assessments).
E. coli
E. coli
are bacteria whose
								presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal
								wastes. Human pathogens in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such as
								diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a greater
								health risk for infants, young children, the elderly, and people with severely
								compromised immune systems.
E. coli
assessment and/or
								corrective action violations, under 567-subrule 41.2(1)
E. coli
are bacteria whose
								presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal
								wastes. Human pathogens in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such as
								diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a greater
								health risk for infants, young children, the elderly, and people with severely
								compromised immune systems. We violated the standard for
E. coli,
indicating the need to look for potential problems in water treatment
								or distribution. When this occurs, we are required to conduct a detailed
								assessment to identify problems and to correct any problems that are found.
								[THE SYSTEM MUST INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING APPLICABLE SENTENCES]
* We failed to conduct the required
								assessment.
* We failed to correct all identified sanitary
								defects that were found during the assessments).
Seasonal system treatment technique
								violation
* When this violation includes the failure to
								monitor for total coliforms or
E. coli
prior to serving water
								to the public, the mandatory language for monitoring violation in 42.1 (5)
"c
"(2) must be used.
* When this violation includes failure to complete
								other actions, the appropriate elements found in 42.1(5)
"c "
to describe the violation must be used.
Fecal indicators for the groundwater rule
(E. coli,
enterococci, and coliphage)
Fecal indicators are microbes whose presence
								indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes.
								Microbes in these wastes can cause short-term health effects, such as diarrhea,
								cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health
								risk for infants, young children, some of the elderly, and people with severely
								compromised immune systems.
Groundwater Treatment Technique Requirements
Groundwater rule treatment technique
								violations
Inadequately treated or inadequately protected
								water may contain disease-causing organisms. These organisms can cause symptoms
								such as diarrhea, nausea, cramps, and associated headaches.
Surface Water Treatment Technique
								Requirements
Turbidity
Turbidity has no health effects. However, turbidity
								can interfere with disinfection and provide a medium for microbial growth.
								Turbidity may indicate the presence of disease-causing organisms. These
								organisms include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasites that can cause
								symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches, and can
								lead to death.
Surface water/IGW system treatment technique
								requirements: CT ratio; residual disinfectant; log removal/inactivation
								of
Giardia,
viruses, and
Cryptosporidium;
or
								filter backwash recycling
Inadequately treated water may contain
								disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, protozoa,
								and parasites, which can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and
								associated headaches, and can lead to death.
Inorganic Chemical Contaminants
Antimony
Some people who drink water containing antimony
								well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience increases in blood
								cholesterol and decreases in blood sugar.
Arsenic
Some people who drink water containing arsenic in
								excess of the MCL over many years could experience skin damage or problems with
								their circulatory system, and may have an increased risk of getting
								cancer.
Asbestos
Some people who drink water containing asbestos in
								excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of developing
								benign intestinal polyps.
Barium
Some people who drink water containing barium in
								excess of the MCL over many years could experience an increase in their blood
								pressure.
Beryllium
Some people who drink water containing beryllium
								well in excess of the MCL over many years could develop intestinal
								lesions.
Cadmium
Some people who drink water containing cadmium in
								excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage.
Chromium, total
Some people who drink water containing chromium
								well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience allergic
								dermatitis.
Copper
Copper is an essential nutrient, but some people
								who drink water containing copper in excess of the action level over many years
								could suffer liver or kidney damage. People with Wilson's Disease should
								consult their personal doctor.
Cyanide
Some people who drink water containing cyanide well
								in excess of the MCL over many years could experience nerve damage or problems
								with their thyroid.
Fluoride
Some people who drink water containing fluoride in
								excess of the MCL over many years could get bone disease, including pain and
								tenderness of the bones. Fluoride in drinking water above 2.0 mg/L may cause
								mottling of children's teeth, usually in children less than nine years of age.
								Mottling, also known as dental fluorosis, may include brown staining and
								pitting of the teeth, and occurs only in developing teeth before they erupt
								from the gums.
Lead
Infants and children who drink water containing
								lead in excess of the action level could experience delays in their physical or
								mental development. Children could show slight deficits in attention span and
								learning abilities. Adults who drink this water over many years could develop
								kidney problems or high blood pressure.
Mercury, inorganic
Some people who drink water containing inorganic
								mercury well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney
								damage.
Nitrate
Infants below the age of six months who drink water
								containing nitrate in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if
								untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby
								syndrome.
Nitrite
Infants below the age of six months who drink water
								containing nitrite in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if
								untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby
								syndrome.
Total Nitrate and Nitrite
Infants below the age of six months who drink water
								containing nitrate and nitrite in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill
								and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby
								syndrome.
Selenium
Selenium is an essential nutrient. However, some
								people who drink water containing selenium in excess of the MCL over many years
								could experience loss of hair or fingernails, numbness in fingers or toes, or
								problems with their circulation.
Thallium
Some people who drink water containing thallium in
								excess of the MCL over many years could experience hair loss, changes in their
								blood, or problems with their kidneys, intestines, or liver.
Synthetic Organic Chemical Contaminants
2,4-D
Some people who drink water containing the weed
								killer 2,4-D well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
								problems with their kidneys, liver, or adrenal glands.
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)
Some people who drink water containing Silvex in
								excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver problems.
Alachlor
Some people who drink water containing alachlor in
								excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their eyes, liver,
								kidneys, or spleen, or experience anemia, and may have an increased risk of
								getting cancer.
Atrazine
Some people who drink water containing atrazine
								well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their
								cardiovascular system or have reproductive difficulties.
Benzo(a)pyrene (PAHs)
Some people who drink water containing
								benzo(a)pyrene in excess of the MCL over many years may experience reproductive
								difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Carbofuran
Some people who drink water containing carbofuran
								in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their
								blood, or nervous or reproductive systems.
Chlordane
Some people who drink water containing chlordane in
								excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or
								nervous system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Dalapon
Some people who drink water containing dalapon well
								in excess of the MCL over many years could experience minor kidney
								changes.
Di(2- ethyl hexy 1)adi pate
Some people who drink water containing
								di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate well in excess of the MCL over many years could
								experience toxic effects such as weight loss, liver enlargement, or possible
								reproductive difficulties.
Di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate
Some people who drink water containing
								di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate well in excess of the MCL over many years may have
								problems with their liver, or experience reproductive difficulties, and may
								have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)
Some people who drink water containing DBCP in
								excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties
								and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Dinoseb
Some people who drink water containing dinoseb well
								in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive
								difficulties.
Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)
Some people who drink water containing dioxin in
								excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties
								and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Diquat
Some people who drink water containing diquat in
								excess of the MCL over many years could get cataracts.
Endothall
Some people who drink water containing endothall in
								excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their stomach
								or intestines.
Endrin
Some people who drink water containing endrin in
								excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver problems.
Ethylene dibromide
Some people who drink water containing ethylene
								dibromide in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with
								their liver, stomach, reproductive system, or kidneys, and may have an
								increased risk of getting cancer.
Glyphosate
Some people who drink water containing glyphosate
								in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their
								kidneys or reproductive difficulties.
Heptachlor
Some people who drink water containing heptachlor
								in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage and may have
								an increased risk of getting cancer.
Heptachlor epoxide
Some people who drink water containing heptachlor
								epoxide in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage, and
								may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Hexachlorobenzene
Some people who drink water containing
								hexachlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
								problems with their liver or kidneys, or adverse reproductive effects, and may
								have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Hexachloro-cyclopentadiene
Some people who drink water containing
								hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in excess of the MCL over many years could
								experience problems with their kidneys or stomach.
Lindane
Some people who drink water containing lindane in
								excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys
								or liver.
Methoxychlor
Some people who drink water containing methoxychlor
								in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive
								difficulties.
Oxamyl (Vydate)
Some people who drink water containing oxamyl in
								excess of the MCL over many years could experience slight nervous system
								effects.
Pentachlorophenol
Some people who drink water containing
								pentachlorophenol in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
								problems with their liver or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting
								cancer.
Picloram
Some people who drink water containing picloram in
								excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their
								liver.
Polychlorinated byphenyls (PCBs)
Some people who drink water containing PCBs in
								excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their skin,
								problems with their thymus gland, immune deficiencies, or reproductive or
								nervous system difficulties, and may have an increased risk of getting
								cancer.
Simazine
Some people who drink water containing simazine in
								excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their
								blood.
Toxaphene
Some people who drink water containing toxaphene in
								excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys,
								liver, or thyroid, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Volatile Organic Chemical Contaminants
								(VOCs)
Benzene
Some people who drink water containing benzene in
								excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia or a decrease in
								blood platelets, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Carbon tetrachloride
Some people who drink water containing carbon
								tetrachloride in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems
								with their liver and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Chlorobenzene (monochlorobenzene)
Some people who drink water containing
								chlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems
								with their liver or kidneys.
o-Dichlorobenzene
Some people who drink water containing
								o-dichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
								problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory system.
p-Dichlorobenzene
Some people who drink water containing
								p-dichlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia,
								damage to their liver, kidneys, or spleen, or changes in their blood.
1, 2-Dichloroethane
Some people who drink water containing 1,
								2-dichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased
								risk of getting cancer.
1,1-Dichloroethylene
Some people who drink water containing 1,
								1-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
								problems with their liver.
cis-1, 2-Dichloroethylene
Some people who drink water containing cis-1,
								2-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
								problems with their liver.
trans-1, 2-Dichloroethylene
Some people who drink water containing trans- 1,
								2-dichloroethylene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
								problems with their liver.
Dichloromethane
Some people who drink water containing
								dichloromethane in excess of the MCL over many years could have liver problems
								and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
1, 2-Dichloropropane
Some people who drink water containing
								1,2-dichloropropane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased
								risk of getting cancer.
Ethylbenzene
Some people who drink water containing ethylbenzene
								well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their
								liver or kidneys.
Styrene
Some people who drink water containing styrene well
								in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver,
								kidneys, or circulatory system.
Tetrachloroethylene
Some people who drink water containing
								tetrachloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems
								with their liver, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Toluene
Some people who drink water containing toluene in
								excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their nervous
								system, kidneys, or liver.
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Some people who drink water containing
								1,2,4-trichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could
								experience changes in their adrenal glands.
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Some people who drink water containing
								1,1,1-trichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
								problems with their liver, nervous system, or circulatory system.
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Some people who drink water containing
								1,1,2-trichloroethane well in excess of the MCL over many years could have
								problems with their liver, kidneys, or immune system.
Trichloroethylene
Some people who drink water containing
								trichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience
								problems with their liver and may have an increased risk of getting
								cancer.
Vinyl chloride
Some people who drink water containing vinyl
								chloride in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of
								getting cancer.
Xylene (total)
Some people who drink water containing total xylene
								in excess of the MCL over many years could experience damage to their nervous
								system.
Radionuclide Contaminants
Alpha emitters
Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit a
								form of radiation known as alpha radiation. Some people who drink water
								containing alpha emitters in excess of the MCL over many years may have an
								increased risk of getting cancer.
Beta/photon emitters
Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit forms
								of radiation known as photons and beta radiation. Some people who drink water
								containing beta and photon emitters in excess of the MCL over many years may
								have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Combined radium (226 & 228)
Some people who drink water containing radium 226
								or 228 in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of
								getting cancer.
Uranium
Some people who drink water containing uranium in
								excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer
								and kidney toxicity.
Disinfection Byproducts
Bromate
Some people who drink water containing bromate in
								excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting
								cancer.
Chlorite
Some infants and young children who drink water
								containing chlorite in excess of the MCL could experience nervous system
								effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water
								containing chlorite in excess of the MCL. Some people may experience
								anemia.
Haloacetic Acids (HAA)
Some people who drink water containing haloacetic
								acids in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of
								getting cancer.
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs)
Some people who drink water containing
								trihalomethanes in excess of the MCL over many years may experience problems
								with their liver, kidneys, or central nervous system, and may have an increased
								risk of getting cancer.
Residual Disinfectants
Chloramines
Some people who use water containing chloramines
								well in excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes
								and nose. Some people who drink water containing chloramines well in excess of
								the MRDL could experience stomach discomfort or anemia.
Chlorine
Some people who use water containing chlorine well
								in excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes and
								nose. Some people who drink water containing chlorine well in excess of the
								MRDL could experience stomach discomfort.
Chlorine dioxide-acute (one or more distribution
								samples exceed the MRDL)
Some infants and young children who drink water
								containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL could experience nervous
								system effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who
								drink water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL. Some people may
								experience anemia. The chlorine dioxide violations reported today include
								exceedances of the standard within the distribution system which delivers water
								to consumers. Violations of the chlorine dioxide standard within the
								distribution system may harm human health based on short-term exposures.
								Certain groups, including fetuses, infants, and young children, may be
								especially susceptible to nervous system effects from excessive chlorine
								dioxide exposure.
Chlorine dioxide-non-acute (two consecutive daily
								samples taken at the source entry point to the distribution system are above
								the MRDL)
Some infants and young children who drink water
								containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL could experience nervous
								system effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who
								drink water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL. Some people may
								experience anemia. The chlorine dioxide violations reported today are the
								result of exceedances at the treatment facility only, not within the
								distribution system which delivers water to consumers. Continued compliance
								with chlorine dioxide levels within the distribution system minimizes the
								potential risk of these violations to consumers.
Disinfection Byproduct Precursors
Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
Total organic carbon has no health effects.
								However, total organic carbon provides a medium for the formation of
								disinfection by products. These byproducts include trihalomethanes and
								haloacetic acids. Drinking water containing these byproducts in excess of the
								MCL may lead to adverse health effects, liver, or kidney problems, or nervous
								system effects, and may lead to an increased risk of getting cancer.
Other Treatment Techniques
Acrylamide
Some people who drink water containing high levels
								of acrylamide over a long period of time could have problems with their nervous
								system or blood, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.
Epichlorohydrin
Some people who drink water containing high levels
								of epichlorohydrin over a long period of time could experience stomach
								problems, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer.