Hawaii Administrative Rules › Title 11 - DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH › Subtitle 1 - GENERAL DEPARTMENTAL PROVISIONS › Chapter 20 - RULES RELATING TO PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS › Section 11-20-2 - Definitions

Current through June, 2024
As used in this chapter: "Act" means the Public Health
				  Service Act, as amended by the Safe Drinking Water Act, P.L. 93-523, December
				  16, 1974, Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1986, P.L. 99-339, June 19,
				  1986 and Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996,
				  P.L.
				  104-182, August 6, 1996.
"Acute violation" means a violation of the maximum
				  contaminant levels of contaminants that may pose an acute risk to human health.
				  The following violations are acute violations:
(1) Violations determined by the director as posing an acute
				  risk to human health.
(2) Violation of the MCL for nitrate or nitrite as provided
				  in section
				  11-20-3
				  and determined according to section
				  11-20-11(i)(3).
(3) Violation of the MCL for total coliforms, as provided in
				  section
				  11-20-6(b),
				  and which occurs when a repeat sample is fecal coliform-positive or E.
				  coli-positive, or a total coliform-positive repeat sample follows a fecal
				  coliform-positive or E. coli-positive routine sample.
"Administrator" means the administrator of the United States
				  Environmental Protection Agency, or authorized representative.
"Bag filters" are pressure-driven separation devices that
				  remove particulate matter larger than 1 micrometer using an engineered porous
				  filtration media. They are typically constructed of a non-rigid, fabric
				  filtration media housed in a pressure vessel in which the direction of flow is
				  from the inside of the bag to outside.
"Bank Filtration" is a water treatment process that uses a
				  well to recover surface water that has naturally infiltrated into ground water
				  through a river bed or bank(s). Infiltration is typically enhanced by the
				  hydraulic gradient imposed by a nearby pumping water supply or other
				  well(s).
"Best available technology" or "BAT" means the best
				  technology, treatment techniques, or other means which the director finds,
				  after examination for efficacy under field conditions and not solely under
				  laboratory conditions, are available (taking cost into consideration). For the
				  purposes of setting MCLs for synthetic organic chemicals, any BAT shall be at
				  least as effective as granular activated carbon.
"Capacity" means the overall capability of a water system to
				  consistently produce and deliver water meeting all national and state primary
				  drinking water regulations in effect or likely to be in effect when new or
				  modified operations begin. Capacity includes the technical, managerial, and
				  financial capacities of the water system to plan for, achieve, and maintain
				  compliance with applicable national and state primary drinking water
				  regulations.
"Cartridge filters" are pressure-driven separation devices
				  that remove particulate matter larger than 1 micrometer using an engineered
				  porous filtration media. They are typically constructed as rigid or semi-rigid,
				  self-supporting filter elements housed in pressure vessels in which flow is
				  from the outside of the cartridge to the inside.
"Clean compliance history" is, for the purposes of section
				  11-20-9.1,
				  a record of no MCL violations under section
				  11-20-6;
				  no monitoring violation under section
				  11-20-9
				  or section
				  11-20-9.1;
				  and no coliform treatment technique trigger exceedances or treatment technique
				  violations under section
				  11-20-9.1.
"Coagulation" means a process using coagulant chemicals and
				  mixing by which colloidal and suspended materials are destabilized and
				  agglomerated into flocs.
"Code of Federal Regulations" or "C.F.R." means the official
				  codification of Federal regulations, as previously published in the Federal
				  Register by the Executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government.
				  The effective revision date of the C.F.R. references in this chapter is July 1,
				  2015.
"Combined distribution system" is the interconnected
				  distribution system consisting of the distribution systems of wholesale systems
				  and of the consecutive systems that receive finished water.
"Community water system" means a public water system which
				  serves at least fifteen service connections used by year-round residents or
				  regularly serves at least twenty-five year-round residents.
"Compliance cycle" means the nine-year calendar year cycle
				  during which public water systems must monitor. Each compliance cycle consists
				  of three three-year compliance periods. The first calendar year cycle begins
				  January 1, 1993 and ends December 31, 2001; the second begins January 1, 2002
				  and ends December 31, 2010; the third begins January 1, 2011 and ends December
				  31, 2019.
"Compliance period" means a three-year calendar year period
				  within a compliance cycle. Each compliance cycle has three three-year
				  compliance periods. Within the first compliance cycle, the first compliance
				  period runs from January 1, 1993 to December 31, 1995; the second from January
				  1, 1996 to December 31, 1998; the third from January 1, 1999 to December 31,
				  2001.
"Composite Correction Program" or "CCP" consists of a
				  Comprehensive Performance Evaluation (CPE) and Comprehensive Technical
				  Assistance (CTA), both performed by a state-approved third party.
"Comprehensive Performance Evaluation" or "CPE" means a
				  thorough review and analysis of a treatment plant's performance-based
				  capabilities and associated administrative, operation, and maintenance
				  practices. It is conducted by a state-approved third party to identify factors
				  that may be adversely impacting a plant's capability to achieve compliance and
				  emphasizes approaches that can be implemented without significant capital
				  improvements. The CPE must consist of at least the following components:
				  assessment of plant performance; evaluation of major unit processes;
				  identification and prioritization of performance limiting factors; assessment
				  of the applicability of comprehensive technical assistance (CTA); and
				  preparation of a CPE report.
"Comprehensive Technical Assistance" or "CTA" means the
				  performance improvement phase that is implemented if CPE results indicate
				  improved performance potential. During the CTA phase, the system must identify
				  and systematically address plant-specific factors. The CTA is a combination of
				  utilizing CPE results as a basis for follow up, implementing process control
				  priority-setting techniques, and maintaining long-term involvement to
				  systematically train staff and administrators.
"Confluent growth" means a continuous bacterial growth
				  covering the entire filtration area of a membrane filter, or a portion thereof,
				  in which bacterial colonies are not discrete.
"Consecutive system" is a public water system that receives
				  some or all of its finished water from one or more wholesale systems. Delivery
				  may be through a direct connection or through the distribution system of one or
				  more consecutive systems.
"Contaminant" means any physical, chemical, biological, or
				  radiological substance or matter in water. An additive contaminant under this
				  definition may have a beneficial or a detrimental effect on the potability of
				  the water.
"Conventional filtration treatment" means a series of
				  processes including coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration
				  resulting in substantial particulate removal.
"CT" or "CTcalc" is the product of "residual disinfectant
				  concentration" (C) in milligrams per liter or mg/l determined before or at the
				  first customer, and the corresponding "disinfectant contact time" (T) in
				  minutes, i.e., "C" x "T". If a public water system applies disinfectants at
				  more than one point prior to the first customer, it shall determine the CT of
				  each disinfectant sequence before or at the first customer to determine the
				  total per cent inactivation or "total inactivation ratio." In determining the
				  total inactivation ratio, the supplier shall determine the residual
				  disinfectant concentration of each disinfection sequence and corresponding
				  contact time before any subsequent disinfection application point(s).
"CT99.9" means the CT value required
				  for 99.9 per cent (3-log) inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts.
"CT inactivation ratio" means
				  (CTcalc)/(CT99.9). The sum of the inactivation ratios,
				  or total inactivation ratio shown as (CTcalc)/(CT99.9)
				  is calculated by adding together the inactivation ratio for each disinfection
				  sequence. A total inactivation ratio equal to or greater than 1.0 is assumed to
				  provide a 3-log inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts.
"Department" means the department of health, State of
				  Hawaii.
"Diatomaceous earth filtration" means a process resulting in
				  substantial particulate removal in which (1) a precoat cake of diatomaceous
				  earth filter media is deposited on a support membrane (septum), and (2) while
				  the water is filtered by passing through the cake on the septum, additional
				  filter media known as body feed is continuously added to the feed water to
				  maintain the permeability of the filter cake.
"Direct additives" means contaminants added to water in the
				  protection of drinking water.
"Direct filtration" means a series of processes including
				  coagulation, flocculation, and filtration but excluding sedimentation resulting
				  in substantial particulate removal.
"Director" means the director of the Hawaii state department
				  of health or the director's authorized agent.
"Disinfectant contact time" ("T" in CT calculations) means
				  the time in minutes that it takes for water to move from the point of
				  disinfectant application or the previous point of disinfectant residual
				  measurement to a point before or at the point where residual disinfectant
				  concentration ("C") is measured. Where only one "C" is measured, "T" is the
				  time in minutes that it takes for water to move from the point of disinfectant
				  application to a point before or at the point where residual disinfectant
				  concentration ("C") is measured. Where more than one "C" is measured, "T" is
				  (1) for the first measurement of "C", the time in minutes that it takes for
				  water to move from the first or only point of disinfectant application to a
				  point before or at the point where the first "C" is measured, and (2) for
				  subsequent measurements of "C", the time in minutes that it takes for water to
				  move from the previous "C" measurement point to the "C" measurement point for
				  which the particular "T" is being calculated. Disinfectant contact time in
				  pipelines shall be calculated based on "plug flow" by dividing the internal
				  volume of the pipe by the maximum hourly flow rate through that pipe.
				  Disinfectant contact time within mixing basins and storage reservoirs shall be
				  determined by tracer studies or an equivalent demonstration.
"Disinfection" means a process which inactivates pathogenic
				  organisms in water by chemical oxidants or equivalent agents.
"Disinfection profile" means a summary of daily Giardia
				  lamblia inactivation through the treatment plant.
"Domestic or other non-distribution system plumbing problem"
				  means a coliform contamination problem in a public water system with more than
				  one service connection that is limited to the specific service connection from
				  which the coliform-positive sample was taken.
"Dose equivalent" means the product of the absorbed dose from
				  ionizing radiation and such factors as account for differences in biological
				  effectiveness due to the type of radiation and its distribution in the body as
				  specified by the International Commission on Radiological Units and
				  Measurements (ICRU).
"Dual sample set" is a set of two samples collected at the
				  same time and same location, with one sample analyzed for TTHM and the other
				  sample analyzed for HAA5. Dual sample sets are collected for the purposes of
				  conducting an IDSE under section
				  11-20-45.2
				  and determining compliance with the TTHM and HAA5 MCLs under section
				  11-20-45.3.
"Enhanced coagulation" means the addition of sufficient
				  coagulant for improved removal of disinfection byproduct precursors by
				  conventional filtration treatment.
"Enhanced softening" means the improved removal of
				  disinfection byproduct precursors by precipitative softening.
"Fecal coliform" means part of the total coliform group that
				  are gram negative, non-spore forming rods that ferment lactose in 24 ± 2
				  hours at 44.5 ± 0.2 degrees Centigrade with the production of
				  gas.
"Federal Register" or "F.R." means the official daily
				  publication for rules, proposed rules, and notices of Federal agencies and
				  organizations, as well as executive orders and other presidential documents by
				  the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). The revisions to this
				  chapter include the applicable Federal Register changes to Title 40 Code of
				  Federal Regulations Part 141 and Part 142 through February 13, 2013.
"Filter profile" means a graphical representation of
				  individual filter performance, based on continuous turbidity measurements or
				  total particle counts versus time for an entire filter run, from startup to
				  backwash inclusively, that includes an assessment of filter performance while
				  another filter is being backwashed.
"Filtration" means a process for removing particulate matter
				  from water by passage through porous media.
"Financial capacity" refers to the financial resources of the
				  water system, including an adequate budget, adequate fiscal controls, and
				  creditworthiness.
"Finished water" is water that is introduced into the
				  distribution system of a public water system and is intended for distribution
				  and consumption without further treatment, except as treatment necessary to
				  maintain water quality in the distribution system (e.g., booster disinfection,
				  addition of corrosion control chemicals).
"Flocculation" means a process to enhance agglomeration or
				  collection of smaller floc particles into larger, more easily settleable
				  particles through gentle stirring by hydraulic or mechanical means.
"Flowing stream" is a course of running water flowing in a
				  definite channel.
"Granular activated carbon" or "GAC" consists of fine carbon
				  particles placed in pressure filters to adsorb the organics in the
				  water.
"GAC10" means granular activated carbon filter beds with an
				  empty-bed contact time of ten minutes based on average daily flow and a carbon
				  reactivation frequency of every one hundred eighty days except that the
				  reactivation frequency for GAC10 used as a best available technology for
				  compliance with MCLs under section
				  11-20-4.1(b)(2)(A)
				  shall be 120 days.
"GAC20" means granular activated carbon filter beds with an
				  empty-bed contact time of 20 minutes based on average daily flow and a carbon
				  reactivation frequency of every 240 days.
"Gross alpha particle activity" means the total radioactivity
				  due to alpha particle emission as inferred from measurements on a dry
				  sample.
"Gross beta particle activity" means the total radioactivity
				  due to beta particle emission as inferred from measurements on a dry
				  sample.
"Ground water under the direct influence of surface water"
				  (GWUDI) means any water beneath the surface of the ground with:
(1) Significant occurrence of insects or other
				  macroorganisms, algae, or large-diameter pathogens such as Giardia lamblia, or
				  Cryptosporidium; or
(2) Significant and relatively rapid shifts in water
				  characteristics such as turbidity, temperature, conductivity, or pH which
				  closely correlate to climatological or surface water conditions.
Direct influence shall be determined for individual sources
				  in accordance with criteria established by the director. The director's
				  determination of direct influence may be based on site-specific measurements of
				  water quality and/or documentation of well construction characteristics and
				  geology with field evaluation.
"Haloacetic acids (five)" or "HAA5" means the sum of the
				  concentrations in milligrams per liter of the haloacetic acid compounds
				  (monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid,
				  monobromoacetic acid, and dibromoacetic acid), rounded to two significant
				  figures after addition.
"Halogen" means one of the chemical elements chlorine,
				  bromine, or iodine.
"Heterotrophic bacteria" means a broad class of aerobic and
				  facultative anaerobic organisms which use organic nutrients for growth. The
				  group includes many innocuous bacteria as well as virtually all of the bacteria
				  pathogens and those bacteria infect when the host defenses are weakened.
"Heterotrophic plate count" or "HPC" means the number of
				  heterotrophic bacteria contained in a water sample.
"Indirect additives" means contaminants that are introduced
				  into drinking water through contact with surfaces of material or products used
				  for its treatment, storage, transmission, or distribution.
"Initial compliance period" means the first full three-year
				  compliance period which begins at least eighteen months after federal
				  promulgation. For the Phase V contaminants listed in sections
				  11-20-4(d)(20)
				  through (22),
				  11-20-4(e)(19)
				  through (33), and
				  11-20-3(b)(11)
				  through (15), the initial compliance period for systems with 150 or more
				  service connections is January 1993 through December 1995 (the first full
				  three-year compliance period after July 17, 1992), and for systems having fewer
				  than 150 service connections, the initial compliance period is January 1996
				  through December 1998 (the first full three-year compliance period after
				  January 17, 1994).
"Lake or reservoir" refers to a natural or man-made basin or
				  hollow on the earth's surface in which water collects or is stored that may or
				  may not have a current or single direction of flow.
"Legionella" means a genus of bacteria, some species of which
				  have caused a type of pneumonia called Legionnaires Disease.
"Level 1 assessment" is an evaluation to identify the
				  possible presence of sanitary defects, defects in distribution system coliform
				  monitoring practices, and (when possible) the likely reason that the system
				  triggered the assessment. It is conducted by the system operator or owner.
				  Minimum elements include review and identification of atypical events that
				  could affect distributed water quality or indicate that distributed water
				  quality was impaired; changes in distribution system maintenance and operation
				  that could affect distributed water quality (including water storage); source
				  and treatment considerations that bear on distributed water quality, where
				  appropriate (e.g., whether a ground water system is disinfected); existing
				  water quality monitoring data; and inadequacies in sample sites, sampling
				  protocol, and sample processing. The system must conduct the assessment
				  consistent with any State directives that tailor specific assessment elements
				  with respect to the size and type of the system and the size, type, and
				  characteristics of the distribution system.
"Level 2 assessment" is an evaluation to identify the
				  possible presence of sanitary defects, defects in distribution system coliform
				  monitoring practices, and (when possible) the likely reason that the system
				  triggered the assessment. A Level 2 assessment provides a more detailed
				  examination of the system (including the system's monitoring and operational
				  practices) than does a Level 1 assessment through the use of more comprehensive
				  investigation and review of available information, additional internal and
				  external resources, and other relevant practices. It is conducted by an
				  individual approved by the State, which may include the system operator.
				  Minimum elements include review and identification of atypical events that
				  could affect distributed water quality or indicate that distributed water
				  quality was impaired; changes in distribution system maintenance and operation
				  that could affect distributed water quality (including water storage); source
				  and treatment considerations that bear on distributed water quality, where
				  appropriate (e.g., whether a ground water system is disinfected); existing
				  water quality monitoring data; and inadequacies in sample sites, sampling
				  protocol, and sample processing. The system must conduct the assessment
				  consistent with any State directives that tailor specific assessment elements
				  with respect to the size and type of the system and the size, type, and
				  characteristics of the distribution system. The system must comply with any
				  expedited actions or additional actions required by the State in the case of an
E. coli
MCL violation.
"Locational running annual average (LRAA)" is the average of
				  sample analytical results for samples taken at a particular monitoring location
				  during the previous four calendar quarters.
"Managerial capacity" refers to the ability of the water
				  system to manage itself, including clear ownership, organization, and
				  communications, and accountability; adequate management, staffing, policies,
				  training, and information management; and effective relationships with
				  customers and regulatory agencies.
"Man-made beta particle and photon emitters" means all
				  radionuclides emitting beta particles or photons, or both, listed in Maximum
				  Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible Concentration of Radionuclides
				  in Air or Water for Occupational Exposure, National Bureau of Standards
				  Handbook 69, except the daughter products of thorium-232, uranium-235, and
				  uranium-238.
"Maximum contaminant level" or "MCL" means the maximum
				  permissible level of a contaminant in water which is delivered to any user of a
				  public water system.
"Maximum contaminant level goal" or "MCLG" means the maximum
				  level of a contaminant in drinking water at which no known or anticipated
				  adverse effect on the health or persons would occur, and which allows an
				  adequate margin of safety. Maximum contaminant level goals are non-enforceable
				  health goals.
"Maximum residual disinfectant level" or "MRDL" means a level
				  of a disinfectant added for water treatment that may not be exceeded at the
				  consumer's tap without an unacceptable possibility of adverse health effects.
				  For chlorine and chloramines, a PWS is in compliance with the MRDL when the
				  running annual average of monthly averages of samples taken in the distribution
				  system, computed quarterly, is less than or equal to the MRDL. For chlorine
				  dioxide, a PWS is in compliance with the MRDL when daily samples are taken at
				  the entrance to the distribution system and no two consecutive daily samples
				  exceed the MRDL. MRDLs are enforceable in the same manner as maximum
				  contaminant levels under Section 1412 of the Safe Drinking Water Act.
"Maximum residual disinfectant level goal" or "MRDLG" means
				  the maximum level of a disinfectant added for water treatment at which no known
				  or anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons would occur, and which
				  allows an adequate margin of safety. MRDLGs are non-enforceable health goals
				  and do not reflect the benefit of the addition of a chemical for control of
				  waterborne microbial contaminants.
"Maximum total trihalomethane potential" or "MTTHMP" means
				  the maximum concentration of total trihalomethanes produced in a given water
				  containing a disinfectant residual after seven days at a temperature of 25
				  degrees Centigrade or above.
"Membrane filtration" is a pressure or vacuum driven
				  separation process in which particulate matter larger than 1 micrometer is
				  rejected by an engineered barrier, primarily through a size-exclusion
				  mechanism, and which has a measurable removal efficiency of a target organism
				  that can be verified through the application of a direct integrity test. This
				  definition includes the common membrane technologies of microfiltration,
				  ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis.
"Near the first service connection" means at one of the
				  twenty per cent of all service connections in the entire system that are
				  nearest the water supply treatment facility, as measured by water transport
				  time within the distribution system.
"Non-community water system" means a public water system that
				  is not a community water system.
"Non-transient non-community water system" or "NTNCWS" means
				  a public water system that is not a community water system and that regularly
				  serves at least twenty-five of the same persons over six months per
				  year.
"Packed tower aeration" or "PTA" consists of high-surface
				  area packing material supported and contained in a cylindrical shell. Water
				  flow is normally downward through the packing material with either forced draft
				  or induced draft upward airflow.
"Performance evaluation sample" means a reference sample
				  provided to a laboratory for the purpose of demonstrating that the laboratory
				  can successfully analyze the sample within limits of performance specified by
				  the EPA. The limits of performance for inorganic samples are defined in
				  40 C.F.R.
				  section 141.23(k)(3)(ii),
				  for volatile organic chemicals are defined in
				  40 C.F.R.
				  section 141.24(f)(17)(i),
				  and for synthetic organic chemicals are defined in
				  40 C.F.R.
				  section 141.24(h)(19)(B).
				  The true value of the concentration of the reference material is unknown to the
				  laboratory at the time of the analysis.
"Person" means an individual, corporation, company,
				  association, partnership, county, municipality; or state, federal, or tribal
				  agency.
"Picocurie" or "pCi" means that quantity of radioactive
				  material producing 2.22 nuclear transformations per minute. "pCi/l" is a symbol
				  for picocurie per liter.
"Plant intake" refers to the works or structures at the head
				  of a conduit through which water is diverted from a source (e.g., river or
				  lake) into the treatment plant.
"Point of disinfectant application" is the point where the
				  disinfectant is applied and water downstream of that point is not subject to
				  recontamination by surface water runoff.
"Point-of-entry treatment device" or "POE" is a treatment
				  device applied to the drinking water entering a house or building for the
				  purpose of reducing contaminants in the drinking water distributed throughout
				  the house or building.
"Point-of-use treatment device" or "POU" is a treatment
				  device applied to a single tap used for the purpose of reducing contaminants in
				  drinking water at that one tap.
"Presedimentation" is a preliminary treatment process used to
				  remove gravel, sand and other particulate material from the source water
				  through settling before the water enters the primary clarification and
				  filtration processes in a treatment plant.
"Public water system" means a system which provides water for
				  human consumption, through pipes or other constructed conveyances if the system
				  has at least fifteen service connections or regularly serves an average of at
				  least twenty-five individuals daily at least sixty days out of the year. Such
				  term includes (1) any collection, treatment, storage, and distribution
				  facilities under control of the operator of such system and used primarily in
				  connection with such system, and (2) any collection or pretreatment storage
				  facilities not under such control which are used primarily in connection with
				  such system. A public water system may be privately or publicly owned or
				  operated. A public water system is a "community water system" or a
				  "non-community water system".
"Rem" means the unit of dose equivalent from ionizing
				  radiation to the total body or any internal organ or organ system. A "millirem"
				  or "mrem" is 1/1000 of a rem.
"Repeat compliance period" means any subsequent compliance
				  period after the initial compliance period." Residual disinfectant
				  concentration" ("C" in CT calculations) means the concentration of disinfectant
				  measured in milligrams per liter or mg/l in a representative sample of
				  water.
"Sanitary defect" is a defect that could provide a pathway of
				  entry for microbial contamination into the distribution system or that is
				  indicative of a failure or imminent failure in a barrier that is already in
				  place.
"Sanitary survey" means an on-site review of the water
				  source, facilities, equipment, operation, and maintenance of a public water
				  system for the purpose of evaluating the adequacy of such source, facilities,
				  equipment, operation, and maintenance for producing and distributing safe
				  drinking water.
"Seasonal system" is a non-community water system that is not
				  operated as a public water system on a year-round basis and starts up and shuts
				  down at the beginning and end of each operating season.
"Secondary maximum contaminant levels" or 'SMCLS" means the
				  maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water which is delivered to the
				  free-flowing outlet of the ultimate user of the public water system.
"Sedimentation" means a process for removal of solids before
				  filtration by gravity or separation.
"Service connection", as used in the definition of "public
				  water system", does not include a connection to a system that delivers water by
				  a constructed conveyance other than a pipe if:
(1) The water is used exclusively for purposes other than
				  residential uses (consisting of drinking, bathing, cooking, or other similar
				  uses);
(2) The State determines that alternative water to achieve
				  the equivalent level of public health protection provided by the applicable
				  national primary drinking water regulation is provided for residential or
				  similar uses for drinking and cooking; or
(3) The State determines that the water provided for
				  residential or similar uses for drinking, cooking, and bathing is centrally
				  treated or treated at the point of entry by the provider, a pass-through
				  entity, or the user to achieve the equivalent level of protection provided by
				  the applicable national primary drinking water regulations.
"Slow sand filtration" means a process involving passage of
				  raw water through a bed of sand at low velocity (generally less than 0.4 meters
				  per hour or 1.2 feet per hour) resulting in substantial particulate removal by
				  physical and biological mechanisms.
"Specific Ultraviolet Absorption (SUVA)" is an indicator of
				  the humic content of water. It is a calculated parameter obtained by dividing a
				  sample's ultraviolet absorption at a wavelength of 254 nanometers
				  (nm)(UV254)(in m-1) by its
				  concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC)(in mg/L).
"Standard sample" means the aliquot of finished drinking
				  water that is examined for the presence of coliform bacteria.
"State" means the Hawaii state department of health.
"Subpart H systems" means public water systems using surface
				  water or ground water under the direct influence of surface water as a source
				  that are subject to 40 C.F.R. Part 141 Subpart H.
"Supplier of water" means any person who owns or operates a
				  public water system.
"Surface water" means all water which is open to the
				  atmosphere and subject to surface runoff.
"Surface water treatment rule administrative manual" is a
				  separate document adopted as part of this chapter and, as such, has the effect
				  of law in the uniform enforcement of this chapter.
"System with a single service connection" means a system
				  which supplies drinking water to consumers via a single service line.
"Technical capacity" refers to the physical infrastructure of
				  the water system, including but not limited to the adequacy of the water
				  source(s), treatment, storage, and distribution systems, and the ability of
				  system personnel to adequately operate and maintain the system and to otherwise
				  implement technical knowledge.
"Too numerous to count" means that the total number of
				  bacterial colonies exceeds 200 on a 47-millimeter diameter membrane filter used
				  for coliform detection.
"Total coliform" means all aerobic and facultative anaerobic,
				  gram-negative, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria that ferment lactose with
				  gas and acid formation within forty-eight hours at 35 degrees Centigrade or
				  hydrolyzes OMPG to form a yellow color.
"Total Organic Carbon" or "TOC" means total organic carbon in
				  mg/L measured using heat, oxygen, ultraviolet irradiation, chemical oxidants,
				  or combinations of these oxidants that convert organic carbon to carbon
				  dioxide, rounded to two significant figures.
"Total trihalomethanes" or "TTHM" means the sum of the
				  concentration in milligrams per liter of the trihalomethane compounds
				  (trichloromethane (chloroform), dibromochloromethane, bromodichloromethane, and
				  tribromomethane (bromoform)), rounded to two significant figures." Transient
				  non-community water system" or "TWS" means a non-community water system that
				  does not regularly serve at least twenty-five of the same persons over six
				  months per year.
"Treatment technique requirement" means a requirement of the
				  state primary drinking water rules which specifies for a contaminant a specific
				  treatment technique(s) known to the director which leads to a reduction in the
				  level of such contaminant sufficient to comply with the requirements of this
				  chapter.
"Trihalomethane" or "THM" means one of the family of organic
				  compounds, names as derivatives of methane, wherein three of the four hydrogen
				  atoms in methane are each substituted by a halogen atom in the molecular
				  structure.
"Turbidity" means suspended material such as clay, silt,
				  finely divided organic material, or other inorganic material in water.
				  Turbidity is measured in nephelometric turbidity units (NTU).
"Two-stage lime softening" is a process in which chemical
				  addition and hardness precipitation occur in each of two distinct unit
				  clarification processes in series prior to filtration.
"Uncovered finished water storage facility" means a tank,
				  reservoir, or other facility used to store water that will undergo no further
				  treatment to reduce microbial pathogens except residual disinfection and is
				  directly open to the atmosphere.
"Virus" means a virus of fecal origin which is infectious to
				  humans by waterborne transmission.
"Waterborne disease outbreak" means the significant
				  occurrence of acute infectious illness, epidemiologically associated with the
				  ingestion of water from a public water system which is deficient in treatment,
				  as determined by the director.
"Wholesale system" is a public water system that treats
				  source water as necessary to produce finished water and then delivers some or
				  all of that finished water to another public water system. Delivery may be
				  through a direct connection or through the distribution system of one or more
				  consecutive systems.