California Code of Regulations › Title 8 - Industrial Relations › Division 1 - Department of Industrial Relations › Chapter 4 - Division of Industrial Safety › Subchapter 7 - General Industry Safety Orders › Group 8 - Points of Operation and Other Hazardous Parts of Machinery › Article 56 - Metal Working Machines › Section 4239 - Forging Machines

Current through Register 2024 Notice Reg. No. 28, July 12, 2024
(a)
						Definitions.
Bolt-Headers. The same as an upsetter or forging
						  machine except that the diameter of stock fed into the machine is much smaller,
						  i.e., commonly three-fourths inch or less.
Drop Hammers. Drop hammer means a hammer in which the
						  force of the blow is developed entirely by gravity.
Forging Presses. A class of forging equipment wherein
						  the shaping of metal between dies is performed by mechanical or hydraulic
						  pressure, and usually is accomplished with a single work stroke of the press
						  for each die station.
Forging. The product of work on metal formed to a
						  desired shape by impact or pressure in hammers, forging machines (upsetters),
						  presses, rolls, and related forming equipment. Forging hammers, counterblow
						  equipment and high-energy-rate forging machines impart impact to the workpiece,
						  while most other types of forging equipment impart squeeze pressure in shaping
						  the stock.
Forging Rolls. A class of auxiliary forging equipment
						  wherein stock is shaped between power driven rolls bearing contoured dies.
						  Usually used for preforming, roll forging is often employed to reduce thickness
						  and increase length of stock.
High-Energy-Rate Forging Machines. A class of forging
						  equipment wherein high ram velocities resulting from the sudden release of a
						  compressed gas against a free piston impart impact to the workpiece.
Open Frame hammers (or Black-Smith Hammers). Hammers
						  used primarily for the shaping of forgings by means of impact with flat dies.
						  Open frame hammers generally are so constructed that the anvil assembly is
						  separate from the operating mechanism and machine supports; it rests on its own
						  independent foundation. Certain exceptions are forging hammers made with frame
						  mounted on the anvil; e.g., the smaller, single-frame hammers are usually made
						  with the anvil and frame in one piece.
Ring Rolls. A class for forging equipment used for
						  shaping weldless rings from pierced discs or thick-walled, ring-shaped blanks
						  between rolls which control wall thickness, ring diameter, height and
						  contour.
Rivet Making Machines. The same as upsetters and bolt
						  headers when producing rivets with stock diameter of 1-inch or more. Rivet
						  making with less than 1-inch diameter is usually a cold forging operation, and
						  therefore not included.
Steam Hammers. A type of drop hammer where the ram is
						  raised for each stroke by a double-action steam cylinder and the energy
						  delivered to the workpiece is supplied by the velocity and weight of the ram
						  and attached upper die driven downward by steam pressure. Energy delivered
						  during each stroke may be varied.
Trimming Presses. A class of auxiliary forging
						  equipment which removes flash or excess metal from a forging. This trimming
						  operation can also be done cold, as can coining, a product sizing
						  operation.
Upsetters (or Forging Machines, or Headers). A type of
						  forging equipment, related to the mechanical press, in which the main forming
						  energy is applied horizontally to the workpiece which is gripped and held by
						  prior action of the dies.
(b) General.
(1) Thermostatic control of heating elements
						for lead melting shall be provided to maintain proper melting temperature (620
						to 700 degrees Fahrenheit) and prevent overheating.
(A) A covered container shall be provided to
						store dross skimmings.
(B)
						Equipment shall be kept clean, particularly from accumulations of yellow lead
						oxide.