Illinois Administrative Code › Title 77 - PUBLIC HEALTH › Part 890 - ILLINOIS PLUMBING CODE › Subpart A - DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL PROVISIONS › Section 890.120 - Definitions

Current through Register Vol. 48, No. 28, July 12, 2024
For the purpose of administering and enforcing this Part, the
				  following terms, which consist of words or expressions that have a precise
				  meaning in plumbing, shall have the meaning indicated. Refer to Appendix A for
				  standards applicable to plumbing appurtenances and fixtures defined in this
				  Section.
"Abut" or "Abutting": To border, to touch, to terminate at
				  point of contact, adjacent.
"Accessible": Easily approached or entered with minor
				  modifications, such as the removal of an access panel, door or similar
				  obstruction (e.g., drywall, gypsum board, plasterboard, or paneling). Concrete,
				  asphalt and ceramic tile are not considered accessible.
"Air Break" (See "Air Gap".)
"Air Gap": The unobstructed vertical distance through the
				  free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet supplying
				  water to a tank or plumbing fixture and the flood-level rim of the receptacle.
				  An air gap in a drainage system is a piping arrangement in which a drain from a
				  fixture, appliance or device discharges indirectly into another fixture,
				  receptacle or interceptor at a point above the flood level rim. (See Appendix
				  B.Illustrations A and B.)
"Anchor": An approved support for securing pipe, fixtures and
				  equipment to walls, ceilings, floors or any other structural members.
"Antimicrobial": An additive or surface coating that
				  prohibits the growth of bacteria or staphylococci.
"Anti-siphon Ballcock": A device consisting of a float valve
				  with a flow-splitter to provide for tank and trap refill that has an integral
				  vacuum breaker and that is used in conjunction with water closet flush
				  tanks.
"Approved": Accepted or acceptable under an applicable
				  specification stated or cited in this Part or accepted as suitable for the
				  proposed use.
"Area Drain": A drain placed in the floor of a basement
				  areaway, a depressed or basement entry way, a loading platform, or a paved
				  driveway that cannot otherwise be drained.
"Aspirator": A device supplied with water under positive
				  pressure that passes through an integral orifice, causing a partial vacuum and
				  resulting in movement of fluid by siphonage.
"Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker": A device consisting of a soft
				  disc, reaction cup, fully guided stem guide, air vent port, and air port shield
				  or hood to prevent fouling of the vent port, used for protection against back
				  siphonage.
"Authorities Having Jurisdiction": Any entity that the
				  Illinois Plumbing License Law authorizes to enforce the Law.
"Back Pressure": A condition caused when a force is exerted
				  and reverses the flow of gas, water or air in a direction opposite the intended
				  normal direction of flow.
"Back Siphonage": A condition caused when a negative force or
				  vacuum is exerted and reverses the flow of gas, water or air to a direction
				  opposite the intended normal direction of flow.
"Back Siphonage Preventer": A device designed to prevent
				  reverse flow in a water system, specifically back siphonage. The device should
				  be used only where no back pressure may occur.
"Back Water Valve": A device or valve that is installed in a
				  sanitary sewer, storm drain or storm sewer to prevent sewage or drainage from
				  backing up.
"Backflow": The reversal of flow from that normally intended.
				  Hydraulic conditions that cause backflow include back siphonage, back pressure
				  and aspiration.
"Backflow Preventer": A device or an assembly used to prevent
				  contamination of the potable water supply through an actual or potential
				  cross-connection.
"Backflow Preventer, Double Check Valve Backflow Preventer
				  Assembly" or "DCV": A plumbing appurtenance consisting of two internally force
				  loaded, independently acting check valves that operate normally in the closed
				  position; two tight-closing, resilient seated shut-off valves; and four test
				  cocks.
"Backflow Preventer, Dual Check Valve Type with Atmospheric
				  Vent": A plumbing appurtenance consisting of two internally force loaded,
				  independently acting check valves, designed to operate normally in the closed
				  position, separated by an intermediate chamber able to automatically vent to
				  atmosphere.
"Backflow Preventer, Double Check Detector Backflow
				  Prevention Assembly" or "DCDA": A plumbing appurtenance consisting of two
				  internally force loaded, independently acting check valves, designed to operate
				  normally in the closed position; two tight-closing, resilient seated shut-off
				  valves; and four test cocks. The assembly must include a bypass line with a
				  water meter and double check assembly.
"Backflow Preventer, Dual Check Valve Type": A plumbing
				  appurtenance consisting of two internally force loaded, independently acting
				  check valves, designed to operate normally in the closed position.
"Backflow Preventer, Dual Check Valves, Post-Mix Carbonated
				  Beverage Dispenser Type": A plumbing appurtenance used to prevent carbonated
				  water or carbon dioxide from backflow into a potable water system. The assembly
				  consists of two internally force loaded, independently acting check valves,
				  designed to operate normally in the closed position, residing in a common
				  body.
"Backflow Preventer, Reduced Pressure Detector Backflow
				  Prevention Assembly" or "RPDA": A plumbing appurtenance consisting of two
				  internally force loaded, independently acting check valves, designed to operate
				  normally in the closed position, separated by an intermediate zone that
				  includes an internally force loaded hydraulic operated relief for venting to
				  atmosphere, designed to operate normally in the open position, two
				  tight-closing, resilient seated shut-off valves, four test cocks, and a metered
				  reduced pressure backflow prevention assembly bypass.
"Backflow Preventer, Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow
				  Prevention Assembly" or "RPZ": A plumbing appurtenance consisting of two
				  internally force loaded, independently acting check valves, designed to operate
				  normally in the closed position, separated by an intermediate zone that
				  includes an internally force loaded, hydraulically operated relief for venting
				  to atmosphere, designed to operate normally in the open position, two
				  tight-closing resilient shut-off valves, and four test cocks.
"Ballcock": A device consisting of a float valve equipped
				  with a flow-splitter to provide a tank and trap refill; used in conjunction
				  with a flush tank on a water closet.
"Battery of Fixtures": Any group of two or more identical
				  adjacent fixtures that discharge into a common horizontal waste or soil branch.
				  (See Appendix B.Illustration C.)
"Boiler Blow-Down": A controlled outlet on a boiler to permit
				  emptying or discharging of sediment.
"Branch": Any part of the piping system other than a main,
				  riser or stack. (See Appendix B.Illustration D.)
"Branch Interval": A length of soil or waste stack
				  corresponding in general to a story height, but in no case less than 8 feet,
				  within which the horizontal branches from one floor or story of a building are
				  connected to the stack.
"Branch Vent": A horizontal vent connecting one or more
				  individual vents with a vent stack or stack vent. (See Appendix B.Illustration
				  E.)
"Building Classification": The Department's designation of
				  buildings into differing types based upon use or occupancy, such as residential
				  buildings, dormitories, office buildings, food service establishments,
				  etc.
"Building Drain": The part of the lowest horizontal piping of
				  a drainage system that receives the discharge from soil, waste, and other
				  drainage pipes inside the walls of the building and conveys it to the building
				  (house) sewer. The building drain's developed length terminates 5 feet outside
				  the building foundation wall. (See Appendix B.Illustration F.)
"Building Sewer": The part of the horizontal piping of a
				  drainage system that extends from the end of the building drain, receives the
				  discharge of the building drain and conveys it to a public sanitary sewer or
				  private sewage disposal system. The building sewer commences 5 feet outside the
				  building foundation wall. (See Appendix B.Illustration F.)
"Building Storm Drain": The lowest horizontal portion of the
				  storm drainage system used for conveying rain water, surface water, ground
				  water, subsurface water, site drainage, condensate or cooling water inside the
				  walls of a building to a point 5 feet beyond the outside of the building
				  foundation wall.
"Building Sub-drain": The portion of a sanitary drainage
				  system (see definition of "Drainage System") that cannot drain by gravity into
				  the building drain. (See Appendix B.Illustration G.)
"Building Trap": A device, fitting, or assembly of fittings
				  installed in a building drain to prevent circulation of air between the
				  drainage system of the building and the building sewer.
"Chemical Waste System": Piping that conveys corrosive or
				  toxic chemical waste to the drainage system.
"Circuit Vent": A branch vent that serves two or more traps
				  and extends from the front of the last fixture connection of a horizontal waste
				  branch to the vent stack. This type of venting applies only to floor drains and
				  floor outlet fixtures. (See Appendix B.Illustration H.)
"Clear Water" or "Clear Water Waste": Cooling water and
				  condensate waste from refrigeration or air conditioning equipment, cooled
				  condensate from steam heating systems, and seepage water.
"Closed Water System": A system that has a backflow device or
				  assembly installed in the water supply system to contain backflow within the
				  premises. Other plumbing appurtenances, such as a single check valve or a water
				  pressure regulator installed in the water supply system, may also create a
				  closed water system.
"Code": State or local statutes, ordinances, or
				  administrative rules, e.g., requirements for plumbing methods, materials, etc.
				  This Part)will be referenced in this rule as "Part". At the local level, a
				  county, city, township, village or sanitary/water district shall adopt a
				  plumbing ordinance or resolution and plumbing rules, and the ordinance or
				  resolution and rule shall be filed with the clerk's office. A standard for
				  plumbing contained in any local rule or ordinance that has not been officially
				  adopted can be construed only as a recommended standard.
"Cold Water": Water below 85 degrees Fahrenheit.
"Combination Fixture": A fixture combining two or more
				  compartments or receptors.
"Combination Waste and Vent System": A system of waste piping
				  with the horizontal wet venting of one or more floor drains by means of a
				  common waste and vent pipe adequately sized to provide free movement of air
				  above the flow line of the drain.
"Combined Building Sewer": A sewer that receives storm water
				  and sewage.
"Common Vent": A vent connecting at the junction of two
				  fixture drains and serving as a vent for both fixtures. (See Appendix
				  B.Illustration I.)
"Connection": The joining of two pieces of pipe, or pipes and
				  fittings, valves or other appurtenances.
"Contaminant": Any solid, liquid or gaseous matter that, when
				  present in a potable water supply distribution system, may cause the water to
				  degrade so that water quality standards are not met or physical illness, injury
				  or death to persons consuming the water could result.
"Contaminated Water": Water not suitable for human use or
				  that does not meet the water quality standards of rules of the Illinois
				  Pollution Control Board titled Primary Drinking Water Standards.
"Continuous Vent": A vertical vent that is a continuation of
				  the drain to which it connects. The drain may be either vertical or horizontal.
				  (See Appendix B.Illustration J.)
"Continuous Waste": A drain or waste line from two or more
				  fixtures or sink compartments (of a single fixture), such as a combined three-
				  compartment sink, connected to a single common trap.
"Critical Level": The mark on an atmospheric vacuum breaker
				  established by the manufacturer and stamped "-CL-". This determines the minimum
				  elevation above the flood-level rim or top of the fixture, whichever shall
				  apply, at which the device shall be installed. When an atmospheric vacuum
				  breaker does not bear a critical level marking, the bottom of the vacuum
				  breaker shall constitute the critical level.
"Cross-Connection": Any actual or potential connection or
				  arrangement between two otherwise separate piping systems, one containing
				  potable water and the other containing fluids or gases of any kind that do not
				  meet potable water quality standards, in which the non-potable substances in
				  one system may flow into the potable water system or enter it through a means
				  such as back pressure, back siphonage or aspiration.
"Cross-Connection Control Assembly": A tested and approved
				  plumbing appurtenance, complete with shut-off valves, installed in a potable
				  water line to prevent potable water from being mixed with any substance from a
				  piping system containing non-potable substances, connected in any manner to the
				  potable water supply.
"Cross-Connection Control by Containment": The installation
				  of a backflow prevention device or assembly on the service line to a premises
				  to protect water quality.
"Cross-Connection Control by Isolation": The installation of
				  a backflow prevention device or assembly at each actual or potential
				  cross-connection within a premises to protect water quality.
"Cross-Connection Control" or "CCC": The identification and
				  elimination of all unprotected connections between a potable water system and
				  any other substance.
"Cross-Connection Control Device": A plumbing appurtenance
				  installed in a potable water line to prevent any substance of any kind from
				  being mixed.
"Cross-Connection Control Device Inspector": An individual
				  who holds an Illinois Plumbing License and who has been certified in accordance
				  with 35 Ill. Adm. Code
				  653.802
				  (Specific Conditions and Installation Procedures) of the Illinois Environmental
				  Protection Agency's rules titled Design, Operation and Maintenance Criteria to
				  inspect, test, maintain and repair cross-connection control devices and
				  assemblies. The certification attests to an inspector's understanding of the
				  principles of backflow and back siphonage, and the public health hazard
				  presented by the improper installation of cross-connection control
				  devices.
"Cross-Connection, Non-Pressure Type": A submerged inlet
				  installation where a potable water pipe is connected or extended below the
				  overflow rim of a receptacle, or an environment that contains a non-potable
				  substance at atmospheric pressure.
"Cross-Connection, Pressure Type": An installation where a
				  potable water pipe is connected to a closed vessel or piping system that
				  contains a non-potable substance above atmospheric pressure.
"Dead End": A pipe that is terminated at a developed distance
				  of 2 feet or more by means of a plug or other closed fitting, except piping
				  serving as a cleanout extension to an accessible area. (See Appendix
				  B.Illustration K.)
"Department": The Illinois Department of Public
				  Health.
"Developed Length": The length of a pipe measured along the
				  center line of the pipe, including fittings.
"Diameter": The length of a straight line passing through the
				  center of an object, e.g., a circle. (For the diameter of a pipe, see "Pipe
				  Diameter".)
"Drain": Any pipe that carries waste water in a building
				  drainage system. (See Appendix B.Illustration L.)
"Drain Laying": The laying and connecting of piping from 5
				  feet outside the foundation wall of a building to the public sanitary sewer
				  system in the street or alley.
"Drainage Fixture Unit" or "DFU": The mathematical factor
				  used by the plumbing industry to estimate the probable load on the drainage
				  system caused by discharge from various plumbing fixtures. One drainage fixture
				  unit is equivalent to 7½ gallons per minute or 1 cubic foot per
				  minute.
"Drainage Piping" (See "Drainage System".)
"Drainage System": All piping within public or private
				  premises that conveys sewage, rain or other liquid wastes to a point of
				  disposal, but does not include the mains of a public sewer system or a private
				  or public sewage treatment or disposal plant. The drainage system does not
				  include the venting system. Drainage and venting are separate systems, although
				  both are part of the overall plumbing system.
"Durham System": A soil or waste system where all piping is
				  of threaded pipe, using recessed drainage fittings.
"Effective Opening": The minimum cross-sectional area at the
				  point of water supply discharge, measured or expressed in terms of the diameter
				  of a circle or, if the opening is not circular, the diameter of a circle of
				  equivalent cross-sectional area. (This is applicable to sizing an air
				  gap.)
"Existing Plumbing" or "Existing Work": A plumbing system or
				  any part of a plumbing system that has been installed prior to January 1,
				  2014.
"Extracted Mechanical Joint": A joint that is developed with
				  a special drilling tool used to penetrate a copper pipe wall, after which two
				  steel pins are extended from the drill. While rotating, the drill head is
				  withdrawn from the pipe under power, raising an external collar from the hole
				  in the pipe. The branch pipe is then brazed into the collared outlet.
"Fixed": Stationary, immovable or immobile, as in a fixed air
				  gap.
"Fixture Branch": A water supply pipe, soil pipe or waste
				  pipe serving one or more fixtures.
"Fixture Carrier": A device designed to support an
				  off-the-floor plumbing fixture.
"Fixture Drain": The vertical or horizontal outlet pipe from
				  the trap of the fixture to the junction of that pipe with any other drain pipe.
				  (See Appendix B.Illustration M.)
"Fixture Supply": A water supply pipe connecting the fixture
				  to a branch or main water supply pipe.
"Fixture Supply Stop": A valve used to control water supply
				  to an individual plumbing fixture, appurtenance or appliance.
"Float Valve": An automatic opening valve, operated by a
				  float, used to control the water level in a vessel, tank or other
				  container.
"Flood Level": The elevation at which a liquid will overflow
				  the fixture or receptacle.
"Flood Level Rim": The top edge of a receptacle or fixture
				  over which a liquid will flow when the receptacle or fixture is filled beyond
				  its capacity (or flooded). "Overflow rim" is used interchangeably with flood
				  level rim.
"Flooded": When the liquid in a fixture equals the maximum
				  capacity of the fixture or when the level of the liquid in the fixture rises to
				  the fixture's flood level rim. Any attempt to add liquid to a flooded fixture
				  causes liquid to overflow.
"Flush Valve": A device for the purpose of flushing water
				  closets and other similar fixtures.
"Flushometer Valve": A device actuated by hand, a
				  photoelectric cell, or other electronic control that discharges a predetermined
				  quantity of water to fixtures for flushing purposes. The valve is closed by
				  direct water pressure.
"Food Service Establishment": Any establishment selling or
				  serving, to the public, food or liquid beverages that can be consumed on the
				  premises.
"Grade": The fall, pitch or slope of a line of pipe in
				  reference to a horizontal plane. In drainage, it is usually expressed as the
				  fraction of an inch fall per foot length of pipe. This may also be expressed as
				  a percentage. (See Appendix B. Illustration O.)
"Graywater": Untreated waste water that has not come into
				  contact with toilet waste, kitchen sink waste, dishwasher waste or similarly
				  contaminated sources. Graywater includes waste water from bathtubs, showers,
				  lavatories, clothes washers and laundry tubs. Also known as gray water, grey
				  water, and greywater.
"Grease Interceptor": A device used to separate and retain
				  grease, oils and other floating matter from sewage waste while permitting the
				  remaining flow to discharge into the drainage system. See "Interceptor".
"Group of Fixtures": Two or more fixtures adjacent to or near
				  each other.
"Hangers": Devices for supporting and securing pipe, fixtures
				  and equipment to walls, ceilings, floors or any other structural member.
"High Hazard Substance": Any substance that, when present in
				  the potable water system, can cause illness, injury or death if
				  consumed.
"Historic Buildings": All buildings, parts of buildings,
				  facilities or sites individually listed in or eligible for listing in the
				  National Register of Historic Places; a "contributing" building or site in a
				  National Register Historic District as determined by the Illinois Historic
				  Preservation Agency (IHPA) or as determined by a "Certified Local Government"
				  designated by IHPA; a building or site designated as a historic or
				  architectural landmark by a local Landmarks Commission or local Historic
				  Preservation Commission; or buildings that undergo historic
				  reconstruction.
"Horizontal Branch": A drain pipe extending laterally from a
				  soil or waste stack or building drain, with or without vertical sections or
				  branches, that receives the discharge from one or more fixture drains and
				  conducts the discharge to the soil or waste stack or to the building drain.
				  (See Appendix B.Illustration P.)
"Horizontal Pipe": Any pipe or fitting that makes an angle of
				  less than 45 degrees with the horizontal.
"Hose": A flexible tube for conveying fluids (as from a
				  faucet or hydrant).
"Hose Bibb": A faucet to which a hose may be attached.
"Hot Water": Water at a temperature of not less than 120
				  degrees Fahrenheit.
"House Drain" (See "Building Drain".)
"House Trap" (See "Building Trap".)
"Indirect Waste": A pipe that does not connect directly with
				  the drainage system but conveys liquid waste by discharging through an air gap
				  into the drainage system.
"Individual Dry Vent": A pipe installed to vent a single
				  fixture trap that connects with the vent system above the fixture served, or
				  that terminates in the outside atmosphere. (See Appendix B.Illustration
				  CC.)
"Individual Water System": A piping system that supplies
				  potable water for a single family dwelling and includes the water service line
				  and all potable water piping.
"Industrial Wastes": Liquid wastes resulting from the
				  processes employed in industrial and commercial establishments.
"Insanitary": Contaminated. Not hygienic or sufficiently
				  unclean to endanger health.
"Interceptor": A device designed and installed to separate
				  and retain hazardous or undesirable matter from normal waste and to permit
				  normal sewage or liquid waste to discharge into the drainage system.
				  Interceptors may be designed to remove gas, oil, sand, grit and grease.
				  "Separator" is also commonly used to mean an "interceptor."
"Invert": The lowest part of the internal cross-section of a
				  pipe or conduit.
"Island Fixture Vent": A vent in which the vent pipe rises as
				  near as possible to or above the highest water level in the fixture vented and
				  then turns down before rising to connect to the vent system 6 inches above the
				  flood level rim or terminating to the atmosphere. (See Section
				  890.1600,
				  "Special Venting for Island Fixtures".)
"Joint": The juncture of two pipes, a pipe and a fitting, or
				  two fittings.
"Kiosk": A freestanding place of employment that has five or
				  fewer employees at any time, located inside or outside a building.
"Kitchen or Bar Sink Faucet": A faucet that discharges into a
				  kitchen or bar sink in domestic or commercial installations. Supply fittings
				  that discharge into other types of sinks, including clinic sinks, floor sinks,
				  service sinks and laundry trays, are not included.
"Labeled": An indication that an agency approved by the
				  Department or that is an ANSI-accredited certification program has certified
				  the plumbing material to be in compliance with applicable standards in
				  accordance with this Part.
"Lavatory Faucet": A faucet that discharges into a lavatory
				  basin in a domestic or commercial installation.
"Lead Free": When used with respect to solder and flux,
				  refers to products containing not more than 0.2 percent lead and, when used
				  with respect to wetted surfaces of pipe, pipe fittings, and fixtures, refers to
				  materials containing no more than a weighted average of 0.25 percent lead.
				  Exemptions include pipes, pipe fittings, plumbing fittings, or fixtures,
				  including backflow preventers, that are used exclusively for nonpotable
				  services, such as manufacturing, industrial processing, irrigation, outdoor
				  watering, or any other uses where the water is not anticipated to be used for
				  human consumption; or toilets, bidets, urinals, fill valves, flushometer
				  valves, tub fillers, shower valves, service saddles, or water distribution main
				  gate valves that are 2 inches in diameter or larger. (Section 1417(a)(4)(A) and
				  (B) of the Safe Drinking Water Act)
"Length of Pipe": The overall distance measured along the
				  center line of a pipe. See "Developed Length".
"Line Valve": A valve in the water supply distribution
				  system, except those immediately controlling one fixture supply.
"Liquid Waste": The discharge from any fixture, appliance or
				  appurtenance, in connection with a plumbing system that does not receive fecal
				  matter.
"Load Factor": The percentage of the total connected fixture
				  unit flow rate that is likely to occur at any point in the drainage system. The
				  load factor varies with the type of occupancy, the total flow above the point
				  being considered, and probability of simultaneous use. Load factor represents
				  the ratio of the probable load to the potential load.
"Local Ventilating Pipe": A pipe on the fixture side of the
				  trap through which vapors or gases or foul air is removed from a room or
				  fixture to the outside atmosphere. Certain special apparatus, such as
				  sterilizers, are sometimes provided with a local ventilating pipe to remove
				  vapors. A local ventilating pipe is not connected into the vent piping of the
				  drainage system.
"Loop Vent": A circuit vent that loops back to connect with a
				  stack vent instead of a vent stack. Its use is limited to floor drains and
				  floor outlet fixtures.
"Low Hazard Substance": Any substance that, when present in
				  the potable water system, may cause the water to be discolored or have an
				  unusual odor or an unpleasant taste, but will not cause illness, injury or
				  death if consumed.
"Main": The principal artery of a piping system to which
				  branches may be connected.
"Main Vent": The principal artery of the venting system to
				  which vent branches may be connected. A main vent may be a vent stack or stack
				  vent. (See Appendix B.Illustration Q.)
"Maximum Demand": In plumbing, the greatest requirement of
				  flow of either water supply or waste discharge from the fixtures of a building,
				  or any specific segment of the building fixtures.
"Manhole": An opening constructed to permit a person to gain
				  access to an enclosed space. In a sewer or any portion of the plumbing system,
				  it is used to eliminate restriction of flow at changes of direction or
				  junctions and to facilitate cleaning.
"Metering Faucet": A self-closing faucet that dispenses a
				  specific volume of water for each actuation cycle. The volume or cycle duration
				  can be fixed or adjustable.
"Minor Repairs": Repairs that do not require changes in the
				  piping to or from plumbing fixtures or involve the removal, replacement,
				  installation or reinstallation of any pipe or plumbing fixture.
"Multi-person Showers": Shower compartments designed and
				  intended for use by two or more persons simultaneously.
"New Plumbing" or "New Work": Any plumbing system or part of
				  a plumbing system, or any addition to or alteration of an existing system,
				  being installed or recently completed.
"Non-Potable Water": Water that does not meet drinking water
				  quality standards specified in the Pollution Control Board's rules titled
				  Primary Drinking Water Standards, and is not suitable for human consumption or
				  culinary use, or is of unknown quality.
"Non-Toxic Transfer Fluids": Fluids having no normal
				  detrimental effect on humans.
"Occupancy": The purpose for which a building is currently
				  used. In the case of a single family residence, occupancy shall mean taking
				  possession of and living in the premises as one's sole and exclusive residence
				  for a period of not less than six months after the completion of construction
				  or issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy by a unit of local government.
"Offset": A combination of elbows or bends that brings one
				  section of pipe into a line parallel with another section.
"Open Plumbing": Installation of plumbing so that traps and
				  drainage pipes and their surroundings beneath fixtures are ventilated,
				  accessible and open to inspection. Open plumbing is also referred to as an
				  exposed plumbing installation.
"Overflow Rim": The top edge of a receptacle or fixture over
				  which a liquid will flow when the receptacle or fixture is filled beyond its
				  capacity (or flooded). "Flood level rim" is used interchangeably with overflow
				  rim.
"Part": This Illinois Plumbing Code in its entirety or any
				  emergency rule that the Department adopts, during the effective period of the
				  emergency rule.
"Peppermint Oil": A pungent, aromatic mint oil sometimes used
				  in testing a drain, waste and vent system by means of a "Peppermint
				  Test".
"Peppermint Test": A test for leakage using peppermint oil
				  and hot water as the media, and the sense of smell to determine any leak; also
				  known as a "scent test" (see Section
				  890.1930(e)
				   ).
"Pet Cock": A small faucet or valve used to drain water,
				  steam or air.
"pH": An expression of acidity and alkalinity on a scale from
				  zero to 14, with 7.0 being neutral. Numbers less than 7.0 indicate increasing
				  acidity as the number decreases, and numbers greater than 7.0 indicate
				  increasing alkalinity as the number increases.
"Pipe": A cylindrical conduit or conductor, the wall
				  thickness of which is sufficient to receive a standard pipe thread.
"Pipe Diameter": The distance measured from the inside wall
				  of a pipe (passing through the center of the pipe) to the opposite inside wall.
				  Any referenced pipe diameter or pipe size shall mean the nominal size or
				  diameter.
"Pipefitting": The installation of piping other than piping
				  that is defined as plumbing.
"Pipe Increments": Increasing or decreasing pipe size by a
				  given number - the following examples constitute one pipe size change: 1,
				  1¼, 1½, 2, 2½, 3, 3½, 4, 4½, 5.
"Piping": An assembly of pipes or conduit with fittings of
				  compatible design. This term is commonly interchanged with "Pipe".
"Pitch": Synonymouswith "grade". (See "Grade".)
"Plumbing": See the Illinois Plumbing License Law.
"Plumbing Appliance": A special class of plumbing fixture
				  intended to perform a special function. This term includes water heaters, water
				  coolers, drinking fountains, and heat exchanger and water treatment equipment
				  other than water softeners.
"Plumbing Appurtenance": An accessory or device used in a
				  plumbing system which demands no additional water supply, nor adds any
				  discharge load to a fixture or the drainage system. Plumbing appurtenances
				  include instruments, gauges, relief valves, limit switches, backflow
				  assemblies, solenoid valves and devices between solenoid valves.
"Plumbing Fixture": Approved, installed receptacles, devices
				  or appliances that are supplied with water or that receive or discharge liquid
				  or liquid-borne waste, with or without discharge of the waste into the drainage
				  system to which they may be directly or indirectly connected; an installed
				  appurtenance to the potable water supply system that makes available intended
				  potable water, or a receptor that receives and discharges liquids or
				  liquid-borne waste either directly or indirectly into the drainage system; or a
				  permanent appendage usually designed as a receptacle and intended to receive or
				  discharge liquid or liquid-borne waste to a drainage system. Industrial or
				  commercial tanks, vats, and similar processing equipment are not plumbing
				  fixtures, but they may be connected to, or discharged into, approved traps or
				  plumbing fixtures.
"Plumbing Inspector": An employee or agent of State or local
				  government who holds a valid Illinois Plumbing License and is authorized to
				  inspect plumbing.
"Plumbing System": See the Illinois Plumbing License
				  Law.
"Pop-Up Waste": A waste outlet into which a sliding metal or
				  plastic stopper is fitted, and the stopper can be raised to drain the waste. A
				  common pop-up waste used for lavatories has a lever that passes out the side of
				  the drain fitting and connects to a lift rod that extends on top of the
				  lavatory or sink. The rod is lifted to lower the stopper, or depressed to raise
				  the stopper and drain the lavatory.
"Potable Water": Water that meets drinking water quality
				  standards specified in the Pollution Control Board's rules titled Primary
				  Drinking Water Standards and is suitable for human consumption or culinary
				  use.
"Pre-Rinse Spray Valve": A hand-held device for use with
				  commercial dishwashing and ware-washing equipment that sprays water on dishes,
				  flatware and other food service items for the purpose of removing food residue
				  before cleaning and sanitizing the items.
"Pressure Gradient Monitor": A device used to protect the
				  quality of water, failsafe by design, securing the potable water system by
				  isolating a heat exchanger when the pressure between the potable water and the
				  heat exchange medium drops below a preset level.
"Pressure Relief Valve" (See "Relief Valves".)
"Private" or "Private Use": In the classification of plumbing
				  fixtures, private applies to fixtures in residences, apartments and private
				  bathrooms of hotels or motels where the fixtures are intended for the use of a
				  single family or an individual; handwashing stations (lavatories) within
				  residents' rooms, within shared or common resident restrooms, or designated for
				  staff use only in hospitals/long-term care units/mental health facilities, and
				  hand-washing stations where food is being prepared.
"Private Sewage Disposal System": Any sewage handling or
				  treatment facility receiving domestic sewage from fewer than 15 people or
				  population equivalent and having a ground surface discharge or any sewage
				  handling or treatment facility receiving domestic sewage and having no ground
				  surface discharge. Refer to the Private Sewage Disposal Licensing Act and
				  Private Sewage Disposal Code.
"Private Sewer": A sewer privately owned and not directly
				  controlled by a public authority.
"Private Water Supply": Any potable water supply that
				  provides water for drinking, culinary and sanitary purposes and serves an
				  owner-occupied single family dwelling.
"Proper" or "Properly": To be accurate or meeting the
				  standard of competence for the given situation and properties of the materials
				  involved based upon the standards in this Part and manufacturer's
				  recommendations.
"p.s.i"; "P.S.I."; or "psi": Pounds per square inch gauge of
				  pressure.
"Public" or "Public Use": Any installation or use of plumbing
				  fixtures or facilities except those in residences, apartments or private
				  bathrooms of hotels/motels where the fixtures are intended for the personal use
				  of an individual or single family only.
"Public Area": An area within a building accessible to all
				  persons, including, but not limited to, mercantile units, private clubs and
				  membership organizations.
"Public Sanitary Sewer": A sewer that is controlled by a
				  public authority and is intended to receive and transport sewage.
"Public Water System": A system for providing piped water to
				  the public for human consumption, if the system has at least 15 service
				  connections or regularly serves an average of at least 25 individuals daily at
				  least 60 days per year. The term public water system includes: any collection,
				  treatment, storage and distribution facility under the control of the operator
				  of the system and used primarily in connection with the system; and any
				  collection or pretreatment storage facilities not under control of the operator
				  of the system that are used primarily in connection with that system. The
				  public water system ends at and with the water service connection.
"Quarter Bend": A fitting changing direction of 90 degrees
				  .
"Quick Closing Valve": A valve or faucet that closes
				  automatically when released or one that has fast action closing.
"Readily Accessible": Direct access without the necessity of
				  removing or moving any panel, door or similar obstruction.
"Receptor": Devices or fixtures that receive the discharge
				  from indirect waste pipes.
"Reduced Pressure Zone Principle Backflow Preventer Assembly"
				  or "RPZ" (See "Backflow Preventer, Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow
				  Preventer Assembly" or "RPZ".)
"Relief Valves":
Temperature relief valve - A valve designed to release water
				  to the atmosphere at a predetermined temperature setting.
Pressure relief valve - A valve designed to relieve excessive
				  pressure to the atmosphere at a predetermined setting.
Temperature and pressure relief valve or pressure-temperature
				  relief valve - A valve incorporating a temperature relief valve and a pressure
				  relief valve in one unit.
Vacuum relief valve - A valve that admits air to the system
				  when the system is attempting to reduce its pressure to less than
				  atmospheric.
"Relief Vent": A vent that permits circulation of air in or
				  between drainage and vent systems. (See Appendix B.Illustration S.)
"Restroom": As a minimum, will consist of one water closet
				  and one lavatory, all located in the same room.
"Return Offset": A double offset installed so as to return
				  the pipe to its original alignment.
"Revent Pipe" (See "Individual Dry Vent".) (See Appendix
				  B.Illustration U.)
"Rim": An unobstructed open edge of a fixture.
"Riser": A water supply pipe that extends vertically one full
				  story or more to convey water to branches or to a group of fixtures.
"Roughing-In": The installation of all parts of the plumbing
				  system that can be completed prior to the installation of fixtures. This
				  includes drainage, water supply, and vent piping, and the necessary fixture
				  supports.
"Safe Pan": An appurtenance installed beneath piping or a
				  fixture to collect and drain any leakage. Safe pans are generally found in food
				  preparation/storage areas and sterile areas of health care facilities that have
				  overhead, exposed drainage piping. Safe pans are not intended to receive
				  discharges from temperature and pressure relief valves.
"Safe Waste" (See "Indirect Waste".)
"Sanitary Sewer": A public or private sewer into which
				  building sewers are connected.
"Sanitary Waste": Sewage containing excrement and liquid
				  wastes or ordinary wastes derived from a plumbing system.
"Self Closing Faucet": A faucet that closes itself after the
				  actuation or control mechanism is deactivated. The actuation or control
				  mechanism can be mechanical or electronic.
"Semi-Private Water System": A water supply that is not a
				  public water system and that serves a segment of the public other than an
				  owner-occupied single family dwelling. (See Section 19 of the Illinois
				  Groundwater Protection Act.)
"Separator" (See "Interceptor".)
"Service Connection": The tap at the water main and any pipe
				  to the property line.
"Sewage": Any waste containing animal, human or vegetable
				  matter in suspension or solution, and may include liquids containing chemicals
				  in solution.
"Sewage Ejector": A device for lifting sewage by pumping
				  means.
"Sillcock": A type of lawn faucet. A faucet used on the
				  outside of a building to which a garden hose may be attached.
"Size of Pipe or Tubing": Pipe is generally sized according
				  to the approximate dimension of its bore or inside diameter, whereas tubing is
				  usually sized by measuring its outside diameter. Both are expressed in inches
				  and fractions of inches. For purposes of this Part, any referenced pipe or
				  tubing size shall mean the nominal size or diameter as designated by the
				  commercial manufacturer.
"Slope": Synonymous with "grade." (See "Grade".)
"Soil Pipe": Any pipe that conveys the discharge of water
				  closets or fixtures having similar functions, with or without the discharge
				  from other fixtures, to the building drain.
"Special Waste Pipe": Piping that conveys special waste.
				  Piping that has been designed and manufactured of special material to handle
				  special waste such as acids.
"Special Wastes": Wastes that require special handling and
				  treatment before they may be discharged into the plumbing system. (See Subpart
				  H.)
"Sprinkler System":
Fire sprinkler system - a system of piping and necessary
				  appurtenances for conveying water or other extinguishing substances to outlets
				  for the purpose of fire extinguishment.
Lawn sprinkler system - a system of piping installed for
				  irrigation purposes.
"Stack": Any vertical line of soil, waste or vent
				  piping.
"Stack Vent": The extension of a soil or waste stack above
				  the highest horizontal drain connected to the stack. (See Appendix
				  B.Illustration V.)
"Stack Venting": A method of venting a fixture or fixtures
				  through the soil or waste stack.
"Sterilizer":
Boiling Type Sterilizer - a fixture (non-pressure type) used
				  for boiling instruments, utensils or other equipment (used for sterilization).
				  Some devices are portable; others are connected to the plumbing system.
Instruments Sterilizer - a device for the sterilization of
				  various instruments.
Pressure (Autoclave) Sterilizer - a fixture (pressure vessel)
				  designed to use steam under pressure for sterilizing.
Pressure Instrument Washer-Sterilizer - a fixture (pressure
				  vessel) designed to both wash and sterilize instruments during the operating
				  cycle of the fixture.
Sterilizer Vent - a separate pipe or stack that is trapped
				  below the lowest exhaust and indirectly connected to the building drainage
				  systems and that receives the vapors from non-pressure sterilizers, or the
				  exhaust vapors from pressure sterilizers, and conducts the vapors directly to
				  the outside atmosphere. Sometimes called a vapor, steam, atmospheric or exhaust
				  vent.
Water Sterilizer - a device for sterilizing water and storing
				  sterile water.
"Storm Sewer": A sewer that is used for conveying rain water,
				  surface water, ground water, subsurface water, site drainage, condensate,
				  cooling water or other similar liquid waste (excluding sewage) from the
				  building storm drain to an approved point of discharge.
"Sub-soil Drain": A drain that collects sub-soil drainage and
				  conveys it to a place of disposal.
"Sub-soil Drainage": Liquid waste, such as run-off water,
				  seepage water or clear water waste, free of fecal matter and graywater.
"Sump": A receptacle that receives sanitary or storm waste,
				  located below the normal grade level of the gravity system and emptied by
				  pumping or gravity.
"Sump Pump": A pump for the removal of storm, subsoil and
				  clear water waste drainage from a sump.
"Supports": A hanger, anchor or other device for securing or
				  holding pipe fixtures to walls, ceilings, floors or structural members.
"Swimming Pool": See the Swimming Facility Act for minimum
				  sanitary requirements for the design and operation of swimming
				  facilities.
"Tempered Water": Water ranging in temperature from 85
				  degrees Fahrenheit to, but not including, 120 degrees Fahrenheit.
"Terminal Heating Device": A device located within the
				  environment to be conditioned that directly transfers its heating energy by
				  radiation or forced or gravity convection.
"Test Cock": A small cock, faucet or valve set in a water
				  pipe, pump, backflow device or water jacket and used to drain water or test
				  pressure.
"Toxic": Not fit for human consumption; poisonous.
"Toxic Transfer Fluids": Sanitary waste, graywater, or
				  mixtures containing harmful substances, including, but not limited to, ethylene
				  glycol, hydrocarbons, oils, ammonia refrigerants, and hydrazine.
"Trap": A fitting or device designed and constructed to
				  provide, when properly vented, a liquid seal that will prevent the back passage
				  of air without materially affecting the flow of sewage or waste water through
				  it. (See Appendix B.Illustration W.)
"Trap Arm": The portion of a fixture drain between a trap and
				  its vent.
"Trap Primer": A device or system of piping to maintain a
				  water seal in a trap.
"Trap Seal": The vertical distance between the crown weir and
				  the top of the dip of the trap. (See Appendix B.Illustration W.)
"Tube": A cylindrical conduit or conductor, the wall
				  thickness of which is less than that needed to receive a standard pipe thread.
				  Compare with "Pipe".
"Tuberculation": A condition that develops on the interior of
				  pipe due to corrosion, resulting in the creation of small, hemispherical lumps
				  (tubercules) on the inner walls of the pipe.
"Union": A coupling device used to join two pipes end-to-end,
				  but allow them to be disconnected and re-connected. This joint can be assembled
				  and disassembled without removing any adjacent pipes.
"Unisex Restroom": A restroom shared by males and females and
				  having only one water closet and one lavatory located in the same room. In
				  addition, a single urinal may be installed.
"Vacuum": A pressure less than atmospheric pressure,
				  sometimes referred to as suction. It is usually measured in inches of mercury
				  below atmospheric pressure, such as 10 or 20 inches of mercury. To vacuum also
				  means to siphon.
"Vacuum Breaker": A device that prevents the creation of a
				  vacuum by admitting air at atmospheric pressure, used to prevent back
				  siphonage.
"Vacuum Breaker, Hose Type" or "HVB": A back siphonage
				  prevention device designed for hose connections that are not under continuous
				  pressure, and meeting the requirements of ASSE 1011.
"Vacuum Relief Valve": A device to prevent excessive vacuum
				  in a pressure vessel.
"Vent Pipe": A pipe in a plumbing system that is used to
				  equalize pressure and ventilate the plumbing system. Also see the definition of
				  "Vent System".
"Vent Stack": A vertical vent pipe installed primarily for
				  the purpose of providing circulation of air to and from any part of the
				  drainage system and terminating to the atmosphere or in the stack vent.
"Vent System": The pipe or pipes installed to provide a flow
				  of air to or from a drainage system and to provide a circulation of air within
				  the system to protect trap seals from siphonage and back pressure.
"Venturi": A short section in a pipe with a reduced diameter
				  or cross-sectional area (forming a throat) compared to the larger ends, thereby
				  increasing the velocity of the fluid passing through the throat and decreasing
				  the pressure at the throat. This decrease in pressure allows another fluid to
				  be drawn into the venturi.
"Vertical Pipe": Any pipe or fitting that makes an angle of
				  45 degrees or less with the vertical.
"Wall Hung Water Closet": A water closet installed so that no
				  part of the water closet touches the floor.
"Waste" (See "Sanitary Waste".)
"Waste Pipe": A pipe that conveys only waste material.
"Water Closet": A fixture with a water-containing receptor
				  that receives liquid and solid body waste and, on actuation, conveys the waste
				  through an exposed integral trap into a drainage system. Also referred to as a
				  toilet.
"Water Distribution Pipe": A pipe within the building or on
				  the premises that conveys water from the water service to the point of
				  usage.
"Water Hammer": A concussion or sound of concussion of moving
				  water against the sides of a containing pipe or vessel due to a sudden stoppage
				  of flow. A pressure that results from a sudden deceleration of flow of water in
				  a closed conduit. It is also called hydraulic shock.
"Water Hammer Arrester": A device to absorb hydraulic
				  shock.
"Water Heater": An appliance for supplying hot water for
				  domestic or commercial purposes. It may be used for space heating if the water
				  temperature does not exceed 150 degrees Fahrenheit.
"Water Main": A water supply pipe for public or community
				  use.
"Water Outlet": An opening through which water is supplied to
				  a fixture, device, appliance or appurtenance, or into the atmosphere.
"Water Riser Pipe" (See "Riser".)
"Water Service" or "Water Service Pipe": The pipe from the
				  water main or source of potable water supply to the water distribution pipe of
				  the building served.
"Water Supply Fixture Unit" or "WSFU": The mathematical
				  factor used by the plumbing industry to estimate the probable demand on the
				  water supply system (considering the volume, duration of flow, and intervals
				  between operations) caused by various plumbing fixtures.
"Water Supply Stub": A vertical pipe less than one story in
				  height supplying one or more fixtures.
"Water Supply System": The water service pipe, the water
				  distribution pipe, and all fittings, valves and appurtenances in or associated
				  with the building or premises being served.
"Wet Vent": A vent that also serves as a drain. (See Appendix
				  B.Illustration Y.)
"Yard Hydrant": A valve or faucet for drawing water from a
				  buried pipe that includes a stand pipe with a valve or faucet at the upper end
				  and a threaded valve outlet to which a hose may be attached.
"Yoke Vent": A pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste
				  stack to a vent stack for the purpose of preventing pressure changes in the
				  stack. (See Appendix B.Illustration Z.)