Illinois Administrative Code › Title 35 - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION › Part 611 - PRIMARY DRINKING WATER STANDARDS › Subpart A - GENERAL › Section 611.101 - Definitions

Current through Register Vol. 48, No. 28, July 12, 2024
The terms this Section defines have the given meanings in
				  this Part:
"Act" means the Environmental Protection Act [415 ILCS
				  5 ].
"Agency" means the Illinois Environmental Protection
				  Agency.
BOARD NOTE: The Department of Public Health (Public Health or
				  DPH) regulates non-CWSs, including NTNCWSs and transient non-CWSs. "Agency"
				  means Public Health if implementation by Public Health occurs with regard to
				  non-CWS suppliers.
"Approved source of bottled water", for the purposes of
				  Section 611.130(d)(4),
				  means a source of water and the packaged water it provides, whether from a
				  spring, artesian well, drilled well, municipal water supply, or any other
				  source, that the provider inspects, samples, analyzes, and finds has a safe and
				  sanitary quality under laws and regulations of State and local government
				  agencies having jurisdiction, as evidenced by current certificates or notations
				  of approval in the packaging plant from each government agency having
				  jurisdiction over the source, the water it bottles, and distributing the water
				  in commerce.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
				  40 CFR
				  142.62(g)(2) and
				  21 CFR
				  129.3(a). The Board cannot
				  compile an exhaustive listing of all federal, State, and local laws regulating
				  bottled water and bottling water. However, the Board is aware of some: the
				  Illinois Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act [410 ILCS 620
				  ], the Bottled Water Act [815 ILCS 310 ], the DPH Water
				  Well Construction Code (77 Ill. Adm. Code 920), the DPH Water Well Pump
				  Installation Code (77 Ill. Adm. Code 925), the federal bottled water quality
				  standards (21 CFR
				  103.35), the federal drinking water
				  processing and bottling standards (21 CFR 129), the federal Current
				  Good Manufacturing Practice in Manufacturing, Packing, or Holding Human Food
				  (21 CFR
				  110), the federal Fair Packaging and Labeling
				  Act (15 U.S.C.
				  1451 et seq.), and the federal Fair Packaging
				  and Labeling regulations (21
				  CFR 201).
"Bag filters" means pressure-driven separation devices that
				  remove particulate matter larger than one micrometer using an engineered porous
				  filtration media. These are typically a non-rigid fabric filtration media
				  housed in a pressure vessel where the direction of flow is from the inside to
				  outside the bag.
"Bank filtration" means a water treatment process using a
				  well to recover surface water naturally infiltrating into groundwater through a
				  river bed or banks. A nearby pumping water supply or other wells typically
				  enhances infiltration by the hydraulic gradient they impose.
"Best available technology" or "BAT" means the best
				  technology, treatment techniques, or other means that USEPA determines are
				  available for the contaminant in question. Subpart F specifies BAT.
"Bin classification" or "bin" means, for Subpart Z, the
				  appropriate of the four treatment categories (Bin 1, Bin 2, Bin 3, or Bin 4)
				  that a filtered system supplier assigns itself under Section
				  611.1010 based on the results of
				  source water Cryptosporidium monitoring under Section
				  611.1001. This bin
				  classification determines the degree of additional Cryptosporidium treatment,
				  if any, the filtered system supplier must provide.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
				  40 CFR
				  141.710 and
				  71 Fed. Reg. 654, 657 (Jan. 5,
				  2006).
"Board" means the Illinois Pollution Control Board.
"Cartridge filter" means a pressure-driven separation device
				  that removes particulate matter larger than 1 micrometer using an engineered
				  porous filtration media. A cartridge filter typically has rigid or semi-rigid
				  self-supporting filter elements housed in a pressure vessel in which flow is
				  from outside to inside the cartridge.
"CAS No." means "Chemical Abstracts Services Number".
"Clean compliance history" means, for Subpart AA, a record of
				  no MCL violations under Section
				  611.325; no monitoring
				  violations under Subpart L or Subpart AA; and no coliform treatment technique
				  trigger exceedances or treatment technique violations under Subpart AA.
"Coagulation" means a process using coagulant chemicals and
				  mixing that destabilizes and agglomerates colloidal and suspended materials
				  into flocs.
"Combined distribution system" means the interconnected
				  distribution system comprising the distribution systems of wholesale systems
				  and of the consecutive systems that receive finished water.
"Community water system" or "CWS" means a PWS serving at
				  least 15 service connections used by year-round residents or regularly serving
				  at least 25 year-round residents.
BOARD NOTE: This definition differs slightly from that of
				  Section 3.145 of the Act.
"Compliance cycle" means the nine-calendar-year cycle during
				  which PWSs must monitor. Each compliance cycle consists of three three-year
				  compliance periods. The first calendar cycle ran calendar years 1993 through
				  2001, the second ran 2002 through 2010, the third ran 2011 through 2019,
				  etc.
"Compliance period" means a three-calendar-year period within
				  a compliance cycle. Each compliance cycle has three three-year compliance
				  periods. For example, the first compliance period ran calendar years 1993
				  through 1995, the second ran 1996 through 1998, and the third ran 1999 through
				  2001 within the first compliance cycle.
"Comprehensive performance evaluation" or "CPE" is a thorough
				  review and analysis of a treatment plant's performance-based capabilities and
				  associated administrative, operational, and maintenance practices. The supplier
				  conducts a CPE to identify factors that may adversely affect a plant's ability
				  to comply. The supplier conducts a CPE to achieve compliance and emphasize
				  approaches it can implement without significant capital improvements.
BOARD NOTE: The final sentence of the definition of
				  "comprehensive performance evaluation" in
				  40 CFR
				  141.2 is Section
				  611.160(a)(2),
				  since it contains substantive elements.
"Confluent growth" means a continuous bacterial growth
				  covering the entire filtration area or portion of a membrane filter in which
				  bacterial colonies are not discrete.
"Consecutive system" means a PWS receiving some or all of its
				  finished water from one or more wholesale systems. Delivery may be through a
				  direct connection or the distribution system of one or more consecutive
				  systems.
"Contaminant" means any physical, chemical, biological, or
				  radiological substance or matter in water.
"Conventional filtration treatment" means a series of
				  processes, including coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration,
				  resulting in substantial "particulate removal".
"CT" or "CTcalc" is the product of
				  residual disinfectant concentration (RDC or C) in mg/L, determined before or at
				  the first customer, and the corresponding disinfectant contact time (T) in
				  minutes. If a supplier applies disinfectants at more than one point prior to
				  the first customer, it must determine the CT of each disinfectant sequence
				  before or at the first customer to determine the total percent inactivation or
				  "total inactivation ratio". In determining the total inactivation ratio, the
				  supplier must determine the RDC of each disinfection sequence and corresponding
				  contact time before any subsequent disinfection application points. (See the
				  definition of "CT99.9
									".)
"CT99.9" is the CT value required for
				  99.9 percent (3-log)
				  inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts. Tables
				  1.1 through
				  1.6,
				  2.1, and
				  3.1 of Appendix B list
				  CT99.9 values for a variety of disinfectants and
				  conditions. (See the definition of "inactivation ratio".)
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from the definition of
				  "CT" in 40 CFR
				  141.2.
"Diatomaceous earth filtration" means a process resulting in
				  substantial particulate removal:
The process deposits a precoat cake of diatomaceous earth
				  filter media on a support membrane (septum); and
The process continuously adds additional filter media, known
				  as body feed, to the feed water to maintain permeability of the filter cake
				  while filtering the water by passing through the cake on the septum.
"Direct filtration" means a series of processes, including
				  coagulation and filtration but excluding sedimentation, resulting in
				  substantial particulate removal.
"Disinfectant" means any oxidant, including chlorine,
				  chlorine dioxide, chloramines, and ozone, that a supplier adds to water in any
				  part of the treatment or distribution process to kill or inactivate pathogenic
				  microorganisms.
"Disinfectant contact time" or "T" means the time in minutes
				  that water moves from the point of disinfectant application or the previous
				  point of RDC measurement to a point before or at the point where the supplier
				  measures RDC.
If the supplier measures only one RDC, T is the time in
				  minutes that water moves from the point of disinfectant application to a point
				  before or at the point where RDC is measured.
If the supplier measures more than one RDC:
For the first measurement of RDC, T is the time in minutes
				  that water moves from the first or only point of disinfectant application to a
				  point before or at the point where the supplier measures the first RDC;
				  and
For subsequent measurements of RDC, T is the time in minutes
				  that water moves from the previous RDC measurement point to the RDC measurement
				  point where the supplier calculates the particular T.
In pipelines, the supplier must calculate T based on "plug
				  flow" by dividing the internal volume of the pipe by the maximum hourly flow
				  rate through that pipe.
Within mixing basins and storage reservoirs, the supplier
				  must determine T using tracer studies or an equivalent demonstration.
"Disinfection" means a process that inactivates pathogenic
				  organisms in water by chemical oxidants or equivalent agents.
"Disinfection byproduct" or "DBP" means a chemical byproduct
				  forming when disinfectants used for microbial control react with naturally
				  occurring compounds already present in source water. DBPs include
				  bromodichloromethane, bromoform, chloroform, dichloroacetic acid, bromate,
				  chlorite, dibromochloromethane, and certain haloacetic acids.
"Disinfection profile" is a summary of daily Giardia lamblia
				  inactivation through a treatment plant. The procedure for developing a
				  disinfection profile is in Section
				  611.742.
"Distribution system" includes all points downstream of an
				  "entry point" to the point of consumer ownership.
"Domestic or other non-distribution system plumbing problem"
				  means a coliform contamination problem in a PWS having more than one service
				  connection that is limited to the specific service connection from which the
				  supplier took the coliform-positive sample.
"Dose equivalent" means the product of the absorbed dose from
				  ionizing radiation and the factors accounting for differences in biological
				  effect due to the type of radiation and its distribution in the body.
BOARD NOTE: The International Commission on Radiation Units
				  and Measurements (ICRU) specifies "dose equivalent" as the product of the
				  absorbed dose (D), quality factor (QF), dose distribution factor (DF), and
				  other necessary factors. See "Radiation Quantities and Units," International
				  Commission on Radiological Units and Measurements (ICRU) Report 10a, Handbook
				  84, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards (1962).
"Dual sample set" means a set of two samples the supplier
				  collects at the same time and same location, analyzing one sample for TTHM and
				  the other sample for HAA5. A supplier collects dual sample sets to conduct an
				  IDSE under Subpart W and determine compliance with the TTHM and HAA5 MCLs under
				  Subpart Y.
"E. coli" means Escherichia coli, a species of bacteria used
				  as a specific indicator of fecal contamination and potential harmful
				  pathogens.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from 78 Fed. Reg. 10270,
				  10271 (Feb. 13, 2013).
"Enhanced coagulation" means adding sufficient coagulant to
				  improve removing disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors by conventional
				  filtration treatment.
"Enhanced softening" means using precipitative softening to
				  improve removing disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursor.
"Entry point" means a point just downstream of the final
				  treatment operation but upstream of the first user and any mixing with other
				  water. If the supplier uses raw water without treatment, the "entry point" is
				  the raw water source. If a PWS receives treated water from another PWS, the
				  "entry point" is a point just downstream of the other PWS but upstream of the
				  first user and any mixing with other water.
"Filter profile" is a graphical representation of individual
				  filter performance based on continuous turbidity measurements or total particle
				  counts versus time for an entire filter run from startup through backwash,
				  including an assessment of filter performance while the supplier backwashes
				  another filter.
"Filtration" means a process passing water through porous
				  media to remove particulate matter.
"Finished water" means water that the supplier introduces
				  into the distribution system of a PWS intending the water for distribution and
				  consumption without further treatment, except treatment necessary to maintain
				  water quality in the distribution system (e.g., booster disinfection, addition
				  of corrosion control chemicals, etc.).
"Flocculation" means a process enhancing agglomeration or
				  collection of smaller floc particles into larger, more easily settleable
				  particles through gentle hydraulic or mechanical stirring.
"Flowing stream" means a course of running water flowing in a
				  definite channel.
"40/30 certification" means the certification a supplier
				  submits to the Agency under Section
				  611.923 that the supplier had no
				  TTHM or HAA5 monitoring violations and no individual sample from its system
				  exceeded 0.040 mg/L TTHM or
				  0.030 mg/L HAA5 during eight
				  consecutive calendar quarters.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
				  40 CFR
				  141.603(a).
"GAC10" means granular activated carbon (GAC) filter beds
				  with an empty-bed contact time of 10 minutes based on average daily flow and a
				  carbon reactivation frequency of every 180 days, except that the reactivation
				  frequency for GAC10 a supplier uses as a best available technology to comply
				  with the MCLs under Section
				  611.312(b)(2)
				  is 120 days.
"GAC20" means granular activated carbon filter beds with an
				  empty-bed contact time of 20 minutes based on average daily flow and a carbon
				  reactivation frequency of every 240 days.
"GC" means "gas chromatography" or "gas-liquid phase
				  chromatography".
"GC/MS" means gas chromatography (GC) followed by mass
				  spectrometry (MS).
"Gross alpha particle activity" means the total radioactivity
				  due to alpha particle emission as inferred from measurements on a dry
				  sample.
"Gross beta particle activity" means the total radioactivity
				  due to beta particle emission as inferred from measurements on a dry
				  sample.
"Groundwater system" or "GWS" means a PWS using only
				  groundwater sources, including a consecutive system receiving finished
				  groundwater.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
				  40 CFR
				  141.400(b).
"Groundwater under the direct influence of surface water"
				  means any water beneath the ground surface with significant occurrence of
				  insects or other macroorganisms, algae, or large-diameter pathogens, such as
				  Giardia lamblia or Cryptosporidium, or significant and relatively rapid shifts
				  in water characteristics, such as turbidity, temperature, conductivity, or pH,
				  that closely correlate to climatological or surface water conditions.
				  "Groundwater under the direct influence of surface water" is as determined
				  under Section 611.212.
"Haloacetic acids (five)" or "HAA5" means the sum of the
				  concentrations in milligrams per liter (mg/L) of five haloacetic acid compounds
				  (monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid,
				  monobromoacetic acid, and dibromoacetic acid), rounded to two significant
				  figures after summing.
"Halogen" means one of the chemical elements chlorine,
				  bromine, or iodine.
"HPC" means "heterotrophic plate count", as measured under
				  Section 611.531(a)(2)(C).
"Hydrogeologic sensitivity assessment", for Subpart S, means
				  a determination of whether a GWS supplier obtains water from a
				  hydrogeologically sensitive setting.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
				  40 CFR
				  141.400(c)(5).
"Inactivation ratio" or "Ai" means the ratio:
Ai =
				  CTcalc/CT99.9
The sum of the inactivation ratios, or "total inactivation
				  ratio" (B), is calculated by adding together the inactivation ratio for each
				  disinfection sequence:
B = [SIGMA](Ai)
A total inactivation ratio equal to or greater than
				  1.0 assumedly provides a 3-log
				  inactivation of Giardia lamblia cysts.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from the definition of
				  "CT" in 40 CFR
				  141.2.
"Initial compliance period" means the three-year compliance
				  period that began January 1, 1993, except for the MCLs for dichloromethane,
				  1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, benzo(a)pyrene, dalapon,
				  di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, dinoseb, diquat, endothall,
				  endrin, glyphosate, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene, oxamyl,
				  picloram, simazine, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, antimony, beryllium, cyanide, nickel, and
				  thallium, as they apply to a supplier whose system has fewer than 150 service
				  connections, for which "initial compliance period" means the three-year
				  compliance period that began January 1, 1996.
"Initial distribution system evaluation" or "IDSE" means the
				  evaluation, performed by the supplier under Section
				  611.921(c), to
				  determine the locations in a distribution system that are representative of
				  high TTHM and HAA5 concentrations throughout the distribution system. An IDSE
				  is used in conjunction with, but is distinct from, the compliance monitoring
				  undertaken to identify and select monitoring locations used to determine
				  compliance with Subpart I.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
				  40 CFR
				  141.601(c).
"Inorganic contaminants" or "IOCs" refers to that group of
				  contaminants designated as such in USEPA regulatory discussions and guidance
				  documents. IOCs include antimony, arsenic, asbestos, barium, beryllium,
				  cadmium, chromium, cyanide, mercury, nickel, nitrate, nitrite, selenium, and
				  thallium.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
				  40 CFR
				  141.23(a)(4).
"l" or "L" means liter.
"Lake or reservoir" means a natural or man made basin or
				  hollow on the Earth's surface in which water collects or is stored that may or
				  may not have a current or single direction of flow.
"Legionella" means a genus of bacteria, some species of which
				  have caused a type of pneumonia called Legionnaires Disease.
"Level 1 assessment" means an evaluation to identify the
				  possible presence of sanitary defects, defects in distribution system coliform
				  monitoring practices, and (when possible) the likely reason that the system
				  triggered the assessment. The system owner or operator conducts a Level 1
				  assessment. Minimum elements include review and identification of atypical
				  events that could affect distributed water quality or indicate that distributed
				  water quality is impaired; changes in distribution system maintenance and
				  operation that could affect distributed water quality (including water
				  storage); source and treatment considerations that bear on distributed water
				  quality, if appropriate (e.g., whether a groundwater system is disinfected);
				  existing water quality monitoring data; and inadequacies in sample sites,
				  sampling protocol, and sample processing. The supplier must conduct the
				  assessment consistent with any Agency-imposed permit conditions that tailor
				  specific assessment elements with respect to the size and type of the system
				  and the size, type, and characteristics of the distribution system.
"Level 2 assessment" means an evaluation to identify the
				  possible presence of sanitary defects, defects in distribution system coliform
				  monitoring practices, and (when possible) the likely reason that the system
				  triggered the assessment. A Level 2 assessment provides a more detailed
				  examination of the system (including the system's monitoring and operational
				  practices) than does a Level 1 assessment through the use of more comprehensive
				  investigation and review of available information, additional internal and
				  external resources, and other relevant practices. A person approved by the
				  Agency in a SEP conducts a Level 2 assessment, and that person may include the
				  system operator. Minimum elements include review and identification of atypical
				  events that could affect distributed water quality or indicate that distributed
				  water quality is impaired; changes in distribution system maintenance and
				  operation that could affect distributed water quality (including water
				  storage); source and treatment considerations that bear on distributed water
				  quality, if appropriate (e.g., whether a groundwater system is disinfected);
				  existing water quality monitoring data; and inadequacies in sample sites,
				  sampling protocol, and sample processing. The person conducting the Level 2
				  assessment and the supplier must conduct the assessment consistent with any
				  Agency-imposed permit conditions that tailor specific assessment elements with
				  respect to the size and type of the system and the size, type, and
				  characteristics of the distribution system. The person conducting the Level 2
				  assessment and the supplier must comply with any expedited actions or
				  additional actions the SEP requires in the instance of an E. coli MCL
				  violation.
"Locational running annual average" or "LRAA" means the
				  average of sample analytical results for samples taken at a particular
				  monitoring location during the previous four calendar quarters.
"Man-made beta particle and photon emitters" means all
				  radionuclides emitting beta particles or photons listed in NBS Handbook 69
				  (63), incorporated by reference in Section
				  611.102, except the daughter
				  products of thorium-232, uranium-235 and uranium-238.
BOARD NOTE: The USEPA-recognized naturally occurring daughter
				  products are alpha emitters (211,212Bi, 
				  231Pa, 
				  210,212,214,215,216,218Po, 
				  223,224,226Ra, 
				  219,220,222Rn, 
				  227,228,230Th, 
				  234U ) and beta emitters
				  (227,228Ac, 
				  210,212,214Bi, 
				  234Pa, 
				  210,211,212,214Pb, 
				  228Ra, 
				  231,234Th, and 
				  207,208TI. See 56 Fed. Reg. 33050,
				  33063-65 (July 18, 1991).
"Maximum contaminant level" or "MCL" means the maximum
				  permissible concentration of a contaminant in water a supplier delivers to any
				  user of its PWS. (See Section
				  611.121.)
"Maximum contaminant level goal" or "MCLG" means the maximum
				  concentration of a contaminant in drinking water that USEPA determined will
				  cause no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of persons, allowing
				  an adequate margin of safety. MCLGs are nonenforceable health goals.
BOARD NOTE: The federal MCLGs are outside the scope of the
				  Board's identical-in-substance mandate under Section
				  17.5 of the Act.
"Maximum residual disinfectant level" or "MRDL" means the
				  maximum permissible concentration of a disinfectant added for water treatment
				  that USEPA determined a supplier may add and may not exceed at the consumer's
				  tap without an unacceptable risk of adverse health effects. MRDLs are
				  enforceable in the same manner as are MCLs. (See Section
				  611.313 and Section
				  611.383.)
"Maximum residual disinfectant level goal" or "MRDLG" means
				  the maximum concentration of a disinfectant that USEPA determined a supplier
				  may add for water treatment that would not cause any known or anticipated
				  adverse effect on the health of persons, allowing an adequate margin of safety.
				  MRDLGs are nonenforceable health goals and do not reflect the benefit of the
				  addition of the chemical for control of waterborne microbial
				  contaminants.
"Maximum total trihalomethane potential" or "MTP" means the
				  maximum concentration of total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) produced in a given
				  water containing a disinfectant residual after seven days at a temperature of
				  25° C or above.
"Membrane filtration" means a pressure- or vacuum-driven
				  separation process in which particulate matter larger than one micrometer is
				  rejected by an engineered barrier, primarily through a size exclusion
				  mechanism, having a measurable removal efficiency of a target organism that is
				  verifiable using a direct integrity test. This definition includes the common
				  membrane technologies of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and
				  reverse osmosis.
"Method detection limit" or "MDL" means the minimum
				  concentration of a substance that analysis can measure and report with 99
				  percent confidence that the analyte concentration is greater than zero, from
				  analysis of a sample in a given matrix containing the analyte.
"MFL" means millions of fibers per liter larger than 10
				  micrometers.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
				  40 CFR
				  141.23(a)(4)(i).
"mg" means milligrams (1/1000 of a gram).
"µg" means micrograms (1/1,000,000 of a gram).
"mg/l" or "mg/L" means milligrams per liter.
"µg/l" or "µg/L" means micrograms per
				  liter.
"Mixed system" means a PWS using both groundwater and surface
				  water sources.
BOARD NOTE: Derived from
				  40 CFR
				  141.400(b).
"MUG" means 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-beta-d-glucuronide(IUPAC
				  name:
				  (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-((4-methyl-2-oxo-2Hchromen-7-yl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-caboxylic
				  acid; CAS no. 881005-91-0).
"Near the first service connection" means at one of the 20
				  percent of all service connections in the entire system that are nearest the
				  PWS treatment facility, as measured by water transport time within the
				  distribution system.
"nm" means nanometer (1/1,000,000,000 of a meter).
"Non-community water system" or "NCWS" or "non-CWS" means a
				  PWS that is not a CWS. A non-CWS is either a "transient non-community water
				  system (TWS)" or NTNCWS.
"Non-transient, non-community water system" or "NTNCWS" means
				  a PWS that is not a CWS and that regularly serves at least 25 of the same
				  persons over six months per year.
"NPDWR" means "national primary drinking water
				  regulation".
"NTU" means "nephelometric turbidity units".
"P-A Coliform Test" means "Presence-Absence Coliform
				  Test".
"Paired sample" means two samples of water for total organic
				  carbon (TOC). One sample is of raw water the supplier takes prior to any
				  treatment. The supplier takes the other sample after the point of combined
				  filter effluent representative of the treated water. The supplier takes these
				  samples at the same time. (See Section
				  611.382.)
"Performance evaluation sample" or "PE sample" means a
				  reference sample the Agency provides a laboratory for demonstrating that the
				  laboratory can successfully analyze the sample within limits of performance the
				  Agency specifies. For bacteriological laboratories, Public Health provides the
				  sample. For radiological laboratories, the Illinois Emergency Management Agency
				  provides the sample. The laboratory does not know the true value of the
				  concentration of the reference material at the time of analysis.
"Person" means an individual, corporation, company,
				  association, partnership, state, unit of local government, or federal
				  agency.
"Phase I" refers to that group of chemical contaminants and
				  the accompanying regulations promulgated by USEPA on July 8, 1987, at 52 Fed.
				  Reg. 25712.
"Phase II" refers to that group of chemical contaminants and
				  the accompanying regulations promulgated by USEPA on January 30, 1991, at 56
				  Fed. Reg. 3578.
"Phase IIB" refers to that group of chemical contaminants and
				  the accompanying regulations promulgated by USEPA on July 1, 1991, at 56 Fed.
				  Reg. 30266.
"Phase V" refers to that group of chemical contaminants
				  promulgated by USEPA on July 17, 1992, at 57 Fed. Reg. 31776.
"Picocurie" or "pCi" means the quantity of radioactive
				  material producing 2.22 nuclear transformations per
				  minute.
"Plant intake" means the works or structures at the head of a
				  conduit diverting water from a source (e.g., a river or lake) into the
				  treatment plant.
"Point of disinfectant application" is the point where a
				  supplier applies the disinfectant and downstream of where the water is not
				  subject to recontamination by surface water runoff.
"Point-of-entry treatment device" or "POE device" is a
				  treatment device a consumer applies to the drinking water entering a house or
				  building to reduce contaminants in the drinking water distributed throughout
				  the house or building.
"Point-of-use treatment device", "point-of-use device", or
				  "POU" is a water treatment device a consumer applies to a single tap to reduce
				  contaminants in drinking water at that tap. Under Subpart G, a manufacturer,
				  importer, or accredited third-party certifying body must certify a POU device
				  as complying with NSF/ANSI 53 or 58 as in effect on the date of manufacture or
				  import to satisfy the rule.
BOARD NOTE: NSF/ANSI 53 is the health-based standard for lead
				  and several other contaminants for water filter devices, including tap
				  filter-type treatment devices. Identifying a device as certified under NSF/ANSI
				  53 at the time of purchase is possible. NSF maintains an on-line list of
				  certified devices at info.nsf.org/Certified/dwtu/listings_leadreduction.asp.
				  See the definition of "accredited third-party certifying body" in 35 Ill. Adm.
				  Code 611.126(b)
				  relating to NSF/ANSI 372.
"Presedimentation" means a preliminary treatment process a
				  supplier uses to remove gravel, sand, and other particulate material from the
				  source water through settling before the water enters the primary clarification
				  and filtration processes in a treatment plant.
"Public Health" or "DPH" means the Illinois Department of
				  Public Health.
BOARD NOTE: See the definition of "Agency" in this
				  Section.
"Public water system" or "PWS" means a system providing water
				  to the public for human consumption through pipes or other constructed
				  conveyances if the system has at least 15 service connections or regularly
				  serves an average of at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of the
				  year. A PWS is either a CWS or non-CWS. A PWS does not include any special
				  irrigation district. "PWS" includes certain facilities:
Any collection, treatment, storage, and distribution
				  facilities under control of the PWS operator that the operator uses in
				  connection with the system; and
Any collection or pretreatment storage facilities not under
				  control of the PWS operator that the operator uses primarily in connection with
				  the system.
BOARD NOTE: SDWA and USEPA rules use "public water system".
				  The Act uses "public water supply". The Board intends that "public water
				  supply" means the same as "public water system" and both terms refer both to
				  the facilities providing water and the persons owning and operating those
				  facilities.
"Radioactive contaminants" means those contaminants for which
				  Section 611.330 imposes an MCL.
				  "Radioactive contaminants" include radium-226 and -228, tritium, strontium-89,
				  strontium-90, iodine-131, cesium-134, uranium, gross alpha emitters, gross beta
				  emitters, photon emitters, and other nuclides emitting energetic nuclear
				  particles or photons.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from Table C in
				  40 CFR
				  141.25(c),
				  141.66, appendix A to subpart O,
				  and appendices A and B to subpart Q of
				  40 CFR
				  141.
"Reliably and consistently below the MCL" for a contaminant
				  means an Agency determination based on analytical results following the initial
				  detection of a contaminant to determine the qualitative condition of water from
				  an individual sampling point or source. The Agency must base this determination
				  on the consistency of analytical results, the degree below the MCL, the
				  susceptibility of source water to variation, and other vulnerability factors
				  pertinent to the detected contaminant that may influence the quality of
				  water.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
				  40 CFR
				  141.23(b)(9), (c)(8), (d)(2), and
				  (e)(3) and
				  141.24(f)(11)(ii),
				  and 141.24(f)(11)(iii), (f)(12), (h)(6)(ii), and
				  (h)(8).
"Rem" means the unit of dose equivalent from ionizing
				  radiation to the total body or any internal organ or organ system. A "millirem
				  (mrem)" is 1/1000 of a rem.
"Repeat compliance period" means a compliance period that
				  begins after the initial compliance period.
"Representative" means that a sample reflects the quality of
				  water a supplier delivers to consumers under conditions when the supplier uses
				  all raw water sources it requires to supply water under normal use conditions
				  and all treatment properly operates.
"Residual disinfectant concentration", "RDC", or the variable
				  "C" in CT calculations means the concentration of disinfectant measured in mg/L
				  in a representative sample of water. For purposes of the requirement of Section
				  611.241(d) of
				  maintaining a detectable RDC in the distribution system, "RDC" means a residual
				  of free or combined chlorine.
"Safe Drinking Water Act" or "SDWA" means the Public Health
				  Service Act, as amended by the Safe Drinking Water Act,
				  Pub. L.
				  93-523,
				  42 U.S.C.
				  300f et seq.
"Sanitary defect" means a defect that could provide a pathway
				  of entry for microbial contamination of a supplier's distribution system or
				  that indicates a failure or imminent failure in an existing barrier to
				  microbial contamination.
"Sanitary survey" means an onsite review of the delineated
				  WHPAs (identifying sources of contamination within the WHPAs and evaluations or
				  the hydrogeologic sensitivity of the delineated WHPAs the Agency conducted
				  under source water assessments or utilizing other relevant information if
				  available), facilities, equipment, operation, maintenance, and monitoring
				  compliance of a PWS supplier to evaluate the adequacy of the system, its
				  sources, and operations for the production and distribution of safe drinking
				  water.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
				  40 CFR
				  141.2 and
				  40 CFR
				  142.16(o)(2).
"Seasonal system" means a non-CWS not operating as a PWS on a
				  year-round basis and starting up and shutting down at the beginning and end of
				  each operating season.
"Sedimentation" means a process for removing solids before
				  filtration by gravity or separation.
"SEP" means special exception permit the Agency issued under
				  35 Ill. Adm. Code 602.600.
"Service connection", as used in the definition of PWS, does
				  not include a connection to a system delivering water by a constructed
				  conveyance other than a pipe if any of certain conditions exist:
Consumers use the water exclusively for purposes other than
				  residential use (consisting of drinking, bathing, and cooking, or other similar
				  uses);
The Agency issues a SEP determining that the supplier
				  provides alternative water for residential use or similar uses for drinking and
				  cooking to achieve the equivalent level of public health protection to that the
				  applicable national primary drinking water regulations provide; or
The Agency issues a SEP determining that the water provided
				  for residential use or similar uses for drinking, cooking, and bathing is
				  centrally treated or treated at the point of entry by the provider, a
				  pass-through entity, or the user to achieve the equivalent level of public
				  health protection to that the applicable national primary drinking water
				  regulations provide.
BOARD NOTE: See SDWA sections 1401(4)(B)(i)(II) and
				  (4)(B)(i)(III) (42 U.S.C.
				  300f(4)(B)(i)(II) and
				  (4)(B)(i)(III)).
"Significant deficiency" means a deficiency the Agency
				  identifies in a groundwater system under Section
				  611.803. A significant
				  deficiency might include a defect in system design, operation, or maintenance
				  or a failure or malfunction of the sources, treatment, storage, or distribution
				  system that the Agency determines causes or could cause introduction of
				  contamination into the water the supplier delivers to consumers.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
				  40 CFR
				  142.16(o)(2)(iv). The Agency
				  must submit to USEPA a definition and description of at least one significant
				  deficiency in each of the eight sanitary survey elements listed in Section
				  611.801(c) as
				  part of the federal primacy requirements. The Board added the general
				  description of what a significant deficiency might include in non-limiting
				  terms, not intending to limit Agency discretion submitting what USEPA requires.
				  What the Agency submits to USEPA cannot provide a definition within the Board
				  regulations without Board rulemaking action.
"Slow sand filtration" means a process involving passing raw
				  water through a bed of sand at low velocity (generally less than
				  0.4 meters per hour (m/h))
				  resulting in physical and biological mechanisms substantially removing
				  particulate material.
"SOC" or "Synthetic organic chemical contaminant" refers to
				  that group of contaminants designated as "SOCs" in Section
				  611.311(c).
"Source" means a well, reservoir, or other source of raw
				  water.
"Special irrigation district" means an irrigation district in
				  existence prior to May 18, 1994 that provides primarily agricultural service
				  through a piped water system with only incidental residential use or similar
				  use if the Agency issues a SEP making either of two determinations:
The Agency determines that the supplier or another person
				  provides alternative water for residential use or similar uses for drinking or
				  cooking to achieve the equivalent level of public health protection to that the
				  applicable national primary drinking water regulations provide; or
The Agency issues a SEP determining that the water provided
				  for residential use or similar uses for drinking, cooking, and bathing is
				  centrally treated or treated at the point of entry by the provider, a
				  pass-through entity, or the user to protect public health at a level equivalent
				  to that the applicable NPDWRs provide.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
				  40 CFR
				  141.2 and sections
				  1401(4)(B)(i)(II) and
				  (4)(B)(i)(III) of SDWA (42 U.S.C. 300f(4)(B)(i)(II) and
				  (4)(B)(i)(III)).
"Standard monitoring" means the monitoring the supplier
				  performs under Section
				  611.921(a) and
				  (b) at various specified locations in its
				  distribution system, including near entry points, at points representing the
				  average residence time in its distribution system and at points in its
				  distribution system representing high TTHM and HAA5 concentrations throughout
				  the system.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
				  40 CFR
				  141.601(a) and (b).
"Standard sample" means the aliquot of finished drinking
				  water the supplier or laboratory examines for the presence of coliform
				  bacteria.
"State-only MCL" means one of the inorganic maximum
				  contaminant levels (MCLs) in Section
				  611.300 or organic MCLs in
				  Section 611.310.
BOARD NOTE: State-only MCLs are those derived prior to the
				  implementation of the USEPA "Phase II" regulations. The Section
				  611.640 definition of this term,
				  applying only to Subpart O, does not include the Section
				  611.300 inorganic MCLs.
"Subpart B system" means a PWS using surface water or
				  groundwater under the direct influence of surface water as a source that is
				  subject to Subpart B and the analytical and monitoring requirements of Sections
				  611.531, 611.532, and 611.533 and Appendices B and C.
BOARD NOTE: USEPA rules define these "subpart H
				  systems".
"Subpart I compliance monitoring" means monitoring required
				  under Subpart I to demonstrate compliance with requirements for disinfectant
				  residuals, disinfection byproducts, and disinfection byproduct
				  precursors.
BOARD NOTE: The equivalent to Subpart I is subpart L of
				  40 CFR
				  141 under USEPA's rules.
"Subpart Y compliance monitoring" or "Subpart Y monitoring"
				  means monitoring Subpart Y requires to demonstrate compliance with Stage 2
				  requirements for disinfection byproducts.
BOARD NOTE: The equivalent to Subpart Y is subpart V of
				  40 CFR
				  141 under USEPA's rules.
"Supplier " means any person owning or operating a PWS. This
				  term includes the "official custodian". Under several rules, "supplier"
				  includes a person performing a compliance-related activity on behalf of the
				  owner or operator (e.g., a laboratory performing analyses, an engineer
				  performing an assessment, design review, system evaluation, or other work, or a
				  property owner or occupant sampling a tap).
"Surface water" means any water that is open to the
				  atmosphere and subject to surface runoff.
"SUVA" means specific ultraviolet absorption at 254
				  nanometers (nm), an indicator of the humic content of water. "SUVA" is a
				  sample's ultraviolet absorption at a wavelength of 254 nm
				  (UV254) (in m-1) divided by
				  its concentration of dissolved organic carbon (in mg/L).
"SWS" means "surface water system", a PWS using only surface
				  water sources, including groundwater under the direct influence of surface
				  water.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
				  40 CFR
				  141.23(a)(2) note,
				  141.24(h)(2)
				  note, 141.70(a), and
				  141.88(a)(1)(ii)
				  note.
"System-specific study plan" means the plan a supplier
				  submits to the Agency under Section
				  611.922 for studying the
				  occurrence of TTHM and HAA5 in the supplier's distribution system based on
				  either monitoring results or modelling of the system.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
				  40 CFR
				  141.602.
"System with a single service connection" means a system
				  supplying drinking water to consumers via a single service line.
"Too numerous to count" means that the total number of
				  bacterial colonies exceeds 200 on a 47-mm diameter membrane filter used for
				  coliform detection.
"Total organic carbon" or "TOC" means total organic carbon
				  (in mg/L) measured using heat, oxygen, ultraviolet irradiation, chemical
				  oxidants, or combinations of these to oxidize organic carbon to carbon dioxide,
				  rounded to two significant figures.
"Total trihalomethanes" or "TTHM" means the sum of the
				  concentration of trihalomethanes (THMs) in milligrams per liter (mg/L), rounded
				  to two significant figures.
BOARD NOTE: The definition of "trihalomethanes" lists the
				  four compounds that USEPA considers TTHMs.
"Transient, non-community water system" or "transient
				  non-CWS" means a non-CWS not regularly serving at least 25 of the same persons
				  over six months of the year.
BOARD NOTE: The federal regulations apply to all "public
				  water systems", defined as all systems having at least 15 service connections
				  or regularly serving water to at least 25 persons. (See
				  42 U.S.C.
				  300f(4).) The Act mandates
				  that the Board and the Agency regulate "public water supplies", defined as
				  having at least 15 service connections or regularly serving 25 persons daily at
				  least 60 days per year. (See Section
				  3.365 of the Act.) The
				  Department of Public Health regulates transient non-CWSs.
"Treatment" means any process changing the physical,
				  chemical, microbiological, or radiological properties of water that is under
				  the control of the supplier and is not a point-of-use treatment device or a
				  point-of-entry treatment device. Treatment includes aeration, coagulation,
				  sedimentation, filtration, activated carbon treatment, disinfection, or
				  fluoridation.
"Trihalomethane" or "THM" means one of four specific
				  derivatives of methane in which halogens substitute three of the four hydrogen
				  atoms in the molecular structure. There are four THMs:
Trichloromethane (chloroform),
Dibromochloromethane,
Bromodichloromethane, and
Tribromomethane (bromoform)
"Two-stage lime softening" means a process in which adding
				  chemical precipitant and precipitating hardness occur in two distinct
				  clarification process units in series prior to filtration.
"USEPA" means the U.S. Environmental Protection
				  Agency.
"Uncovered finished water storage facility" is a tank,
				  reservoir, or other facility directly open to the atmosphere a supplier uses to
				  store water that will undergo no further treatment to reduce microbial
				  pathogens except residual disinfection.
"Very small system waiver" means a conditional waiver from
				  Subpart W available under Section
				  611.924 to a supplier serving
				  fewer than 500 persons that took TTHM and HAA5 samples under Subpart I.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
				  40 CFR
				  141.604.
"Virus" means a virus of fecal origin that is infectious to
				  humans by waterborne transmission.
"VOC" or "volatile organic chemical contaminant" refers to
				  that group of contaminants designated as "VOCs" in Section
				  611.311(a).
"Waterborne disease outbreak" means a significant occurrence
				  of acute infectious illness epidemiologically associated with the ingestion of
				  water from a PWS that is deficient in treatment, as determined by an
				  appropriate local or State agency.
"Wellhead protection area" or "WHPA" means the surface and
				  subsurface recharge area surrounding a CWS well or well field, delineated
				  outside of any applicable setback zones (under Section
				  17.1 of the Act) under Illinois'
				  Wellhead Protection Program, through which contaminants are reasonably likely
				  to move toward such well or well field.
BOARD NOTE: The Agency uses two guidance documents for
				  identification of WHPAs:
"Guidance Document for Groundwater Protection Needs
				  Assessments", Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Illinois State Water
				  Survey, and Illinois State Geologic Survey joint report, January 1995;
				  and
"The Illinois Wellhead Protection Program under Section 1428
				  of the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act", Illinois Environmental Protection
				  Agency, No. 22480, October 1992.
"Wellhead protection program" means the Illinois wellhead
				  protection program, approved by USEPA under section 1428 of the SDWA,
				  42 U.S.C.
				  300h-7.
BOARD NOTE: This definition derives from
				  40 CFR
				  141.71(b). The wellhead
				  protection program includes the "groundwater protection needs assessment" under
				  Section 17.1 of the Act and 35 Ill. Adm.
				  Code 615 through 617.
"Wholesale system" means a PWS treating source water as
				  necessary to produce finished water, delivering some or all of that finished
				  water to another PWS. A wholesale system may deliver water through a direct
				  connection or through the distribution system of one or more consecutive
				  systems.
BOARD NOTE: This Section derives from
					 40 CFR
					 141.2 and other sources as
					 noted.