California Code of Regulations › Title 13 - Motor Vehicles › Division 3 - Air Resources Board › Chapter 9 - Off-Road Vehicles and Engines Pollution Control Devices › Article 1 - Small off-Road Engines › Section 2403 - Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures-Small off-Road Engines

Current through Register 2024 Notice Reg. No. 28, July 12, 2024
(a) This section
				  applies to small off-road engines produced on or after January 1,
				  1995.
(b)
(1) Exhaust emissions from small off-road
				  engines manufactured for sale, sold, or offered for sale in California, or that
				  are introduced, delivered or imported into California for introduction into
				  commerce, must not exceed:
Exhaust Emission
					 Standards
grams per brake
					 horsepower-hour
[grams per
					 kilowatt-hour]
Calendar
								Year
Engine
								Class
(1)
Hydrocarbon plus
								Oxides of
								Nitrogen
(2)
Hydrocarbon
(2)
Carbon
								Monoxide
Oxides of
								Nitrogen
Particulate
1995
I
12.0
--
300
--
0.9(3)
II
10.0
--
300
--
0.9(3)
III(4)
--
220
600
4.0
--
IV(4)
--
180
600
4.0
--
V(4)
--
120
300
4.0
--
1996 to 1999
I
12.0(5)
--
350
--
0.9(3)
II
10.0(5)
--
350
--
0.9(3)
III(4)
--
220(5)
600
4.0(5)
--
IV(4)
--
180(5)
600
4.0(5)
--
V(4)
--
120(5)
300
4.0(5)
--
Exhaust Emission Standards for
					 Spark-Ignition Engines
grams per brake
					 horsepower-hour
[grams per
					 kilowatt-hour]
Model
								Year
Engine
								Class
Durability Periods
								(hours)
Hydrocarbon plus
								Oxides of
								Nitrogen
(2)
Carbon
								Monoxide
Particulate
2000-2001(5)
50/125/300
54
400
1.5(4)
0-65 cc, inclusive
[72]
[536]
[2.0]
NA
12.0
350
NA
> 65 cc--< 225 cc
[16.1]
[467]
NA
NA
10.0
350
NA
>=225 cc
[13.4]
[467]
NA
2002-2004(5)
50/125/300
54
400
1.5(4)
0-65 cc, inclusive
[72]
[536]
[2.0]
> 65 cc--< 225 cc
125/250/500
12.0
410
NA
Horizontal-Shaft Engine
[16.1]
[549]
NA
> 65 cc--< 225 cc
NA
12.0
350
NA
Vertical-Shaft Engine
[16.1]
[467]
NA
>=225 cc
125/250/500
9.0
410
NA
[12.0]
[549]
NA
Exhaust Emission Standards for
					 Spark-Ignition Engines
(grams per
					 kilowatt-hour)
Model
								Year
Displacement
								Category
Durability Periods
								(hours)
Hydrocarbon plus
								Oxides of
								Nitrogen(2)(6)
Carbon
								Monoxide
Particulate
2005 through 2023
< 50 cc
50/125/300
50
536
2.0(4)
50-80 cc, inclusive
50/125/300
72
536
2.0(4)
2005
> 80 cc--< 225 cc Horizontal-shaft
								Engine
125/250/500
16.1
549
NA
> 80 cc--< 225 cc Vertical-shaft
								Engine
NA
16.1
467
NA
>=225 cc
125/250/500
12.1
549
NA
2006
> 80 cc--< 225 cc
125/250/500
16.1
549
NA
>= 225 cc
125/250/500
12.1
549
NA
2007
> 80 cc--< 225 cc
125/250/500
10.0
549
NA
>= 225 cc
125/250/500
12.1
549
NA
2008 through 2023
> 80 cc--< 225 cc
125/250/500
10.0
549
NA
>= 225 cc
125/250/500/1000
8.0
549
NA
Exhaust Emission Standards for
					 Spark-Ignition Engines, Except Generator Engines and >= 225 cc Pressure
					 Washer Engines
(grams per
					 kilowatt-hour)
Model
								Year
Displacement
								Category
Durability Periods
								(hours)
Hydrocarbon plus
								Oxides of
								Nitrogen(2,6,7)
Carbon
								Monoxide(7)
Particulate
								Matter(7)
2024 and subsequent
< 50 cc
300
0.00
536
0.00(4)
2024 and subsequent
50-80 cc, inclusive
300
0.00
536
0.00(4)
2024 and subsequent
> 80 cc--< 225 cc
500
0.00
549
NA
2024 and subsequent
225-825 cc, inclusive
1,000
0.00
549
NA
2024 and subsequent
> 825 cc
1,000
0.00
20.6
NA
Exhaust Emission Standards for
					 Generator Engines
(grams per
					 kilowatt-hour)
Model
								Year
Displacement
								Category
Durability Periods
								(hours)
Hydrocarbon plus
								Oxides of
								Nitrogen(2,8)
Carbon
								Monoxide(8)
Particulate
								Matter(8)
2024 through 2027
< 50 cc
500
6.0
400
2.0(4)
2024 through 2027
50-80 cc, inclusive
500
6.0
400
2.0(4)
2024 through 2027
> 80 cc--< 225 cc
500
6.0
400
NA
2024 through 2027
225-825 cc, inclusive
1,000
3.0
200
NA
2024 through 2027
> 825 cc
1,000
0.80
20.6
NA
2028 and subsequent
< 50 cc
300
0.00
400
0.00(4)
2028 and subsequent
50-80 cc, inclusive
300
0.00
400
0.00(4)
2028 and subsequent
> 80 cc--< 225 cc
500
0.00
400
NA
2028 and subsequent
225-825 cc, inclusive
1,000
0.00
200
NA
2028 and subsequent
> 825 cc
1,000
0.00
20.6
NA
Exhaust Emission Standards for >=
					 225 cc Pressure Washer Engines
(grams per
					 kilowatt-hour)
Model
								Year
Displacement
								Category
Durability Periods
								(hours)
Hydrocarbon plus
								Oxides of
								Nitrogen(2,9)
Carbon
								Monoxide(9)
Particulate
								Matter(9)
2024 through 2027
225-825 cc, inclusive
1,000
3.0
200
NA
2024 through 2027
> 825 cc
1,000
0.80
20.6
NA
2028 and subsequent
225-825 cc, inclusive
1,000
0.00
200
NA
2028 and subsequent
> 825 cc
1,000
0.00
20.6
NA
(1) "Class I" means small off-road engines greater
								than 65 cc to less than 225 cc in displacement.
"Class II" means small off-road engines greater
								than or equal to 225 cc in displacement.
"Class III" means small off-road engines less than
								20 cc in displacement.
"Class IV" means small off-road engines 20 cc to
								less than 50 cc in displacement.
"Class V" means small off-road engines greater than
								or equal to 50 cc to 65 cc in displacement.
(2) The Executive Officer may allow gaseous-fueled
								(i.e., propane, natural gas) engine families, that satisfy the requirements of
								the regulations, to certify to either the hydrocarbon plus oxides of nitrogen
								or hydrocarbon emission standard, as applicable, on the basis of the
								non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) portion of the total hydrocarbon
								emissions.
(3) Applicable to all diesel-cycle
								engines.
(4) Applicable to all two-stroke
								engines.
(5) Engines used exclusively in snowthrowers and
								ice augers need not certify to or comply with the HC and
								NOx standards or the crankcase requirements at the
								option of the manufacturer.
(6) Engines used exclusively to power products
								which are used exclusively in wintertime, such as snowthrowers and ice augers,
								at the option of the engine manufacturer, need not certify to or comply with
								standards regulating emissions of HC+NOx or
								NMHC+NOx, as applicable. If the manufacturer exercises
								the option to certify to standards regulating such emissions, such engines must
								meet such standards. If the engine is to be used in any equipment or vehicle
								other than an exclusively wintertime product such as a snowthrower or ice
								auger, it must be certified to the applicable standard regulating emissions of
								HC+NOx or NMHC+NOx as
								applicable.
(7) Applicable to all small off-road engines,
								except generator engines engines and >= 225 cc pressure washer
								engines.
(8) Applicable only to generator engines. The CO
								emission standards for marine generator engines in all displacement categories
								are 4.5 g·kWh-1.
(9) Applicable only to >= 225 cc pressure washer
								engines.
(2) Low-emitting Blue Sky Series engine
				  requirements.
Voluntary standards valid through model year
					 2023.
Engines may be designated "Blue Sky Series" engines by
					 meeting:
(A) All applicable
				  requirements of this Article, and
(B) The following voluntary exhaust emission
				  standards, which apply to all certification and compliance testing. Blue Sky
				  Series engines shall not be included in the averaging, banking, and trading
				  program. Zero-emission small off-road engines may certify to the Blue Sky
				  Series emission standards. Manufacturers of zero-emission small off-road
				  equipment are not required to perform emissions testing, but must file an
				  application of certification and comply with the administrative requirements
				  outlined as applicable, in the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test
				  Procedures for 2005-2012 Small Off-Road Engines," adopted July 26, 2004, and as
				  last amended October 25, 2012; or, the collective "California Exhaust Emission
				  Standards and Test Procedures for New 2013 and Later Small Off-Road Engines;
				  Engine-Testing Procedures (Part 1054)," adopted October 25, 2012, and amended
				  January 1, 2023; and, the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test
				  Procedures for New 2013 and Later Small Off-Road Engines; Engine-Testing
				  Procedures (Part 1065)," adopted October 25, 2012, and amended January 1, 2023,
				  to certify their equipment for sale in California.
Voluntary Emission
					 Standards
(grams per
					 kilowatt-hour)
Model
								Year
Displacement
								Category
Hydrocarbon plus
								Oxides of Nitrogen
Carbon
								Monoxide
Particulate Matter 
								*
2005 through 2023
< 50 cc
25
536
2.0
50--80 cc, inclusive
36
536
2.0
2007 through 2023
> 80 cc--< 225 cc
5.0
549
NA
2008 through 2023
>=225 cc
4.0
549
NA
* Applicable to all two-stroke engines
(3) In lieu of meeting the
				  requirements of subsection 2403(b)(2)(B), manufacturers of zero-emission small
				  off-road equipment may obtain zero-emission equipment credits as detailed in
				  section
				  2408.1.
(4) Evaporative emission requirements for
				  small off-road engines are specified in Title 13, Chapter 15, Article
				  1.