California Code of Regulations › Title 8 - Industrial Relations › Division 1 - Department of Industrial Relations › Chapter 4 - Division of Industrial Safety › Subchapter 7 - General Industry Safety Orders › Group 8 - Points of Operation and Other Hazardous Parts of Machinery › Article 54 - Scope and General Definitions › Section 4188 - Definitions

Current through Register 2024 Notice Reg. No. 28, July 12, 2024
(a) General
						Definitions.
Classes. The designation "Class-A" with an order means
						  that the rule applies for all kinds of work. The designation "Class-B" means
						  that the order applies unless the nature of the work, type of machinery, or
						  size and shape of material being worked will not permit.
Danger Zone. Any place in or about a machine or piece
						  of equipment where an employee may be struck by or caught between moving parts,
						  caught between moving and stationary objects or parts of the machine, caught
						  between the material and a moving part of the machine, burned by hot surfaces
						  or exposed to electric shock.
Interlock. A device that operates to prevent the
						  operation of a machine while the cover or door of the machine is open or
						  unlocked, and which will also hold the cover or door closed and locked while
						  the machine is in motion.
Point of Operation. That part of a machine which
						  performs an operation on the stock or material and/or that point or location
						  where stock or material is fed to the machine. A machine may have more than one
						  point of operation.
(b)
						Specific Definitions for Power Operated Presses. Adjustable Barrier Guard. A
						barrier requiring adjustment for each job or die setup.
Antirepeat. The part of the clutch/brake control system
						  designed to limit the press to a single stroke if the operating means is held
						  operated. Antirepeat requires release of all tripping mechanisms before another
						  stroke can be initiated. "Antirepeat" is also called single stroke reset or
						  reset circuit.
Brake. The mechanism used on a mechanical power press
						  to stop and/or hold the crankshaft, either directly or through a gear train,
						  when the clutch is disengaged.
Brake Monitor. A sensor designed, constructed, and
						  arranged to monitor the effectiveness of the press braking system.
Bolster Plate. The plate attached to the top of the bed
						  of the press having drilled holes or T-slots for attaching the lower die or die
						  shoe.
Certification or Certify. In the case of design
						  certification/validation that the manufacturer has reviewed and tested the
						  design and manufacture, and in the case of installation
						  certification/validation and annual recertification/revalidation that the
						  employer has reviewed and tested the installation, and concludes in both cases
						  that the requirements of sections
						  4192 through
						  4211 and Appendix A have been met.
						  The certifications are made to the validation organization.
Certification/Validation and Certify/Validate. The
						  combined processes of certification and validation.
Clutch. The coupling mechanism used on a mechanical
						  power press to couple the flywheel to the crankshaft, either directly or
						  through a gear train.
(1) Full
						Revolution Clutch. A type of clutch that, when tripped, cannot be disengaged
						until the crankshaft has completed a full revolution and the press slide a full
						stroke.
(2) Part Revolution Clutch.
						A type of clutch that can be disengaged at any point before the crankshaft has
						completed a full revolution and the press slide a full stroke.
Concurrent. Acting in conjunction, and is used to
						  describe a situation wherein two or more controls exist in an operated
						  condition at the same time.
Control System. Sensors, manual input and mode
						  selection elements, interlocking and decision-making circuitry, and output
						  elements to the press operating mechanism.
Continuous. Uninterrupted multiple strokes of the slide
						  without intervening stops (or other clutch control action) at the end of
						  individual strokes.
Counter-balance. The mechanism that is used to balance
						  or support the weight of the connecting rods, slide, and slide
						  attachments.
Device. A press control or attachment that:
(A) Restrains the operator from inadvertently
						reaching into the point of operation, or
(B) Prevents normal press operation if the
						operator's hands are within the point of operation as the dies close.
(C) Automatically withdraws the operator's
						hands if the operator's hands are within the point of operation as the dies
						close, or
(D) Prevents the
						initiation of a stroke, or stops stroke in progress, when there is an intrusion
						through the sensing field by any part of the operator's body or by any other
						object, or
(E) Locating single
						cycle operating controls so that the slide completes its downward travel or
						stops the ram motion before the operator's hands can reach into the point of
						operation.
Combined Stroking-Control Systems. Combined
						  stroking-control systems are two independent control systems on the same
						  machine, only one of which is used at a time.
Die. The tooling used in a press for cutting or forming
						  material. An upper and a lower die make a complete set.
Die Builder. Any person who builds dies for power
						  presses.
Die Set. A tool holder held in alignment by guide posts
						  and bushings and consisting of a lower shoe, an upper shoe or punch holder, and
						  guide posts and bushings.
Die Setter. An individual who places or removes dies in
						  or from mechanical power presses, and who, as a part of his duties, makes the
						  necessary adjustments to cause the tooling to function properly and
						  safely.
Die Setting. The process of placing or removing dies in
						  or from a power press, and the process of adjusting the dies, other tooling and
						  safeguarding means to cause them to function properly and safely.
Die Shoe. A plate or block upon which a die holder is
						  mounted. A die shoe functions primarily as a base for the complete die
						  assembly, and, when used, is bolted or clamped to the bolster plate or the face
						  of slide.
Direct Drive. The type of driving arrangement wherein
						  no clutch is used; coupling and decoupling of the driving torque is
						  accomplished by energization and de-energization of a motor. Even though not
						  employing a clutch, direct drives match the operational characteristics of
						  "part revolution clutches" because the driving power may be disengaged during
						  the stroke of the press.
Division-Recognized Third Party Validation
						  Organization. An independent third-party validation organization which has been
						  recognized by the U.S. Labor Department, Occupational Safety and Health
						  Administration (OSHA) in accordance with the requirements specified in Appendix
						  C of paragraph (h), 29 CFR
						  1910.217, revised March 14, 1988 which is
						  hereby incorporated by reference.
Ejector. A mechanism for removing work or material from
						  between the dies.
Face of Slide. The bottom surface of the slide to which
						  the punch or upper die is generally attached.
Feeding. The process of placing or removing material
						  within or from the point of operation.
Foot Control. The foot operated control mechanism
						  designed to be used with a clutch or clutch/brake control system.
Foot, Kick, and Hand Presses. Machines actuated by foot
						  or hand power only, and fitted with rams or dies for the purposes of blanking,
						  trimming, drawing, punching or stamping, forming or assembling cold
						  material.
Foot Pedal. The foot operated lever designed to operate
						  the mechanical linkage that engages the clutch and/or disengages the
						  brake.
Gate or Movable Barrier Device. A movable barrier
						  arranged to enclose the point of operation before the press stroke can be
						  started.
Guide Post. The pin attached to the upper or lower die
						  shoe, operating within the bushing on the opposing die shoe, to maintain the
						  alignment of the upper and lower dies.
Hand Feeding Tool. Any hand-held tool designed for
						  placing or removing material or parts to be processed within or from the point
						  of operation.
Holdout or Restraint Device. A mechanism, including
						  attachments for operator's hands, that when anchored and adjusted, prevent the
						  operator's hands from entering the point of operation.
Inch. An intermittent motion imparted to the slide (on
						  machines using part revolution clutches) by momentary operation of the "Inch"
						  operating means. Operation of the "Inch" operating means engages the driving
						  clutch so that a small portion of one stroke or indefinite stroking can occur,
						  depending upon the length of time the "Inch" operating means is held operated.
						  "Inch" is a function used by the die setter for setup of dies and tooling, but
						  is not intended for use during production operations by the operator.
Jog. An intermittent motion imparted to the slide by
						  momentary operation of the drive motor, after the clutch is engaged with the
						  flywheel at rest.
Knockout. A mechanism for releasing material from
						  either die.
Liftout. The mechanism also known as knockout.
Manual Feeding. Feeding wherein the material or part
						  being processed is handled by the operator on each stroke of the press.
Operator's Station. The complete complement of controls
						  used by or available to an operator on a given operation for stroking the
						  press.
Pinch Point. Any point other than the point of
						  operation at which it is possible for a part of the body to be caught between
						  the moving parts of a press or auxiliary equipment, or between moving and
						  stationary parts of a press or auxiliary equipment or between the material and
						  moving part or parts of the press or auxiliary equipment.
Point of Operation. (See section
						  4188(a).)
Power Operated Presses. For the purposes of Article 55,
						  power operated presses include all mechanically powered machines that shear,
						  punch, form, or assemble metal or other materials by means of tools or dies
						  attached to or actuated by slides, commonly referred to as mechanical power
						  presses (punch presses), press brakes, hydraulic power presses (punch presses),
						  and rivet setting machines.
Power Press, Hydraulic (Punch Press). A machine which
						  is hydraulically powered that shears, punches, forms, draws, or assembles metal
						  or other material by means of tools attached to or actuated by slides.
Power Press, Mechanical (Punch Press). A mechanically
						  powered machine that shears, punches, forms or assembles metal or other
						  material by means of cutting, shaping, or combination dies attached to or
						  actuated by slides. A press consists of a stationary bed or anvil, and a slide
						  (or slides) having a controlled reciprocating motion toward and away from the
						  bed surface, the slide being guided in a definite path by the frame of the
						  press.
Power Press, Pneumatic. A machine which derives its
						  primary mechanical action (i.e. shearing, punching, bending, forming, drawing,
						  extruding, assembly or other action) from a pneumatic energy source (i.e.
						  pneumatically driven ram). A fully pneumatic power press differs from a
						  mechanical or hydraulic press which may utilize pneumatic systems to only
						  activate a brake/clutch, slide counterbalance or other system but which uses
						  mechanical means or hydraulic fluid to power the ram.
Presence Sensing Device. A device designed, constructed
						  and arranged to create a sensing field or area that signals the clutch/brake
						  control to deactivate the clutch and activate the brake of the press when any
						  part of the operator's body or a hand tool is within such field or area.
Presence Sensing Device Initiation. An operating mode
						  of indirect manual initiation of a single stroke by a presence sensing device
						  when it senses that work motions of the operator, related to feeding and/or
						  removing parts, are completed and all parts of the operator's body or hand
						  tools are safely clear of the point of operation.
Press Brake Die, General-Purpose. A die set used to
						  perform common bending and forming operations on a variety of piece parts or
						  products and not designed for a unique or unusual part or product.
Press Brake, General-Purpose. A mechanically or
						  hydraulically operated machine having only one operator at the front of the
						  machine and with a single operating foot control device which permits the
						  operator to exercise full and final control over the movement of the
						  ram.
Press Brake, Special-Purpose. A machine that can be
						  mechanically or hydraulically operated by one or more operators from the front
						  of the machine, each provided with an operating control station. Concurrent
						  operation of each station being used is required to place the ram in
						  motion.
Ram. See definition for Slide.
Repeat. An unintended or unexpected successive stroke
						  of the press resulting from a malfunction.
Rivet Setting Equipment. Powered machines designed to
						  insert and clinch fasteners commonly called rivets.
Safety Block. A prop that, when inserted between the
						  upper and lower dies or between the bolster plate and the face of the slide,
						  prevents the slide from falling of its own deadweight.
Safety System. The integrated total system, including
						  the pertinent elements of the press; the controls; the safeguarding, any
						  required supplemental safeguarding, and their interfaces with the operator; and
						  the environment designed, constructed and arranged to operate together as a
						  unit, such that a single failure or single operating error will not cause
						  injury to personnel due to point of operation hazards.
Setting up Operations. Operations in which fixtures or
						  tooling which support, secure, or act upon the workpiece are mounted on the
						  machine surfaces or in machine components designed to accept such
						  tooling.
Single Stroke. One complete stroke of the slide,
						  usually initiated from a full open (or up) position.
Single Stroke Control. An arrangement used to limit the
						  travel of the slide to one complete stroke at each engagement of the
						  clutch.
Slide. A reciprocating part of the machine or press. It
						  is also referred to as a ram, plunger, platen, or mandrel.
Stop Control. An operator control designed to
						  immediately deactivate the clutch control and activate the brake to stop slide
						  motion.
Stripper. A mechanism or die part for removing the
						  parts of material from the punch.
Stroking Selector. The part of the clutch/brake control
						  that determines the type of stroking when the operating means is actuated. The
						  stroking selector generally includes positions for "Off" (Clutch Control),
						  "Inch," "Single Stroke," and "Continuous" (when continuous is
						  furnished).
Trip or (tripping). Activation of the clutch to "run"
						  the press.
Turnover Bar. A bar used in die setting to manually
						  turn the crankshaft of the press.
Unitized Tooling. A type of die in which the upper and
						  lower members are incorporated into a self-contained unit so arranged as to
						  hold the die members in alignment.
Validation or Validate. For PSDI safety systems that a
						  Division-recognized third-party validation organization:
(A) For design certification/validation has
						reviewed the manufacturer's certification that the PSDI safety system meets the
						requirements of sections
						4192 through
						4211 and Appendix A and the
						underlying tests and analyses performed by the manufacturer, has performed
						additional tests and analyses which may be required by sections
						4192 through
						4211 and Appendix A, and concludes
						that the requirements of sections
						4192 through
						4211 and Appendix A have been met;
						and
(B) For installation
						certification/validation and annual recertification/revalidation has reviewed
						the employer's certification that the PSDI safety system meets the requirements
						of sections
						4192 through
						4211 and Appendix A and the
						underlying tests performed by the employer, has performed additional tests and
						analyses which may be required by sections
						4192 through
						4211 and Appendix A, and concludes
						that the requirements of sections
						4192 through
						4211 and Appendix A have been
						met.