California Code of Regulations › Title 13 - Motor Vehicles › Division 3 - Air Resources Board › Chapter 9 - Off-Road Vehicles and Engines Pollution Control Devices › Article 4.7 - Spark-Ignition Marine Engines › Section 2441 - Definitions

Current through Register 2024 Notice Reg. No. 28, July 12, 2024
(a) Definitions in
				  section 1900(b), Division
				  3, Chapter 9, Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations, apply with the
				  following additions:
(1) "Abuse" means
				  incorrect or improper operation of an engine or equipment unit that results in
				  the failure of an emission-related part.
(2) "Acceptable quality level" (AQL) means
				  the maximum percentage of failing engines that can be considered a satisfactory
				  process average for sampling inspections.
(3) "ARB Enforcement Officer" means any
				  officer or employee of the Air Resources Board so designated in writing by the
				  Executive Officer or by the Executive Officer's designee.
(4) "Base Fuel Schedule" refers to the fuel
				  calibration schedule programmed into the Engine Control Module or PROM when
				  manufactured or when updated by some off-board source, prior to any learned
				  on-board correction.
(5) "Boat
				  manufacturer," as it applies in Section
				  2442(b), means
				  any person or business entity engaged in the manufacturing, assembling, or
				  importing of new vessels equipped with sterndrive/inboard engines for sale in
				  California, or engaged in the sale, offer for sale, introduction, delivery or
				  importation of such vessels into California for introduction into commerce.
				  Included are those who act for and are under the control of any such person or
				  business entity in connection with the distribution of such vessels. The term
				  boat manufacturer does not include any person or business entity whose sole
				  activities are the direct sale of said vessels to ultimate purchasers or the
				  servicing of said vessels.
(6)
				  "Capture rate" means the percentage of in-use engines subject to recall which
				  must be corrected to bring the class of engines into compliance. The number of
				  engines subject to recall shall be based on the actual number of engines in use
				  as verified by engine registration records compiled and prepared by industry,
				  or a comparable source as determined by the Executive Officer at the time a
				  recall is initiated.
(7) "Carryover
				  engine family" means an engine family that undergoes certification using
				  carryover test data from previous model years.
(8) "CE10 fuel" is a blend of 45% toluene,
				  45% iso-octane, and 10% ethanol that has been standardized in the American
				  Society of Testing and Materials publication D471-98 (ASTM D471-98) as a
				  reference fuel for evaluating the evaporative permeability of fuel-containing
				  materials.
(9) "Certification"
				  means, with respect to new spark-ignition marine engines, obtaining an
				  Executive Order for an engine family complying with the spark-ignition marine
				  engine exhaust emission standards and requirements specified in Title 13,
				  California Code of Regulations, sections
				  2442 and
				  2447.
(10) "Complete engine assembly" or "complete
				  engine configuration" means an assembly of a basic engine and all of the
				  specific applicable components (e.g., air inlet, fuel and exhaust systems,
				  etc.) and calibrations (e.g., carburetor jet size, valve timing, etc.) required
				  for the assembly to be installed in a new unit of equipment.
(11) "Continuous monitoring" means sampling
				  at a rate no less than two samples per second. If for engine control purposes,
				  a computer input component is sampled less frequently, the value of the
				  component may instead be evaluated each time sampling occurs.
(12) "Direct Emissions Device" means any
				  powertrain component or system that has been designed specifically to control
				  emissions performance, or that is an essential element of engine fueling and/or
				  combustion that can affect emissions performance by design or through
				  calibration (e.g., fuel metering, fuel delivery, etc.).
(13) "ECM hour-meter" means a device that is
				  integrated into the engine control module (ECM) and that is capable of storing
				  and incrementing time intervals based on the clock rate of the ECM.
(14) "Emission control system" means any
				  device, system, or element of design that controls or reduces the emission of
				  substances from an engine.
(15)
				  "Enforcement test results" means data or information gathered through
				  enforcement programs conducted by the Air Resources Board. These programs
				  include, but are not limited to, field inspections, in-use compliance testing,
				  assembly-line testing.
(16) "Engine
				  family" means a subclass of a basic engine based on similar emission
				  characteristics. The engine family is the grouping of engines that is used for
				  the purposes of certification.
(17)
				  "Engine identification number" means a unique specification (for example, model
				  number/serial number combination) that allows each spark-ignition marine engine
				  to be distinguished from other similar engines.
(18) "Engine manufacturer" means the
				  manufacturer granted certification.
(19) "Engine misfire" means lack of
				  combustion in the cylinder due to absence of spark, poor fuel metering, poor
				  compression, or any other cause.
(20) "Engine start" is defined as the point
				  at which normal, synchronized spark and fuel control is obtained or when the
				  engine reaches a speed 150 revolutions per minute (rpm) below the normal,
				  warmed-up idle speed.
(21)
				  "Enhanced Evaporative Control System" means an integration of evaporative
				  control hardware including activated carbon canisters, low permeation fuel
				  hoses, and non permeable fuel tanks designed to comply with the diurnal and
				  permeation standards in Table 2.2 of §
											2442(b)(2).
(22) "Exhaust emissions" means matter emitted
				  into the environment from any opening downstream from the exhaust port of a
				  spark-ignition marine engine.
(23)
				  "Executive Officer" means the Executive Officer of the Air Resources Board or
				  his or her authorized representative.
(24) "Executive Order" means an order issued
				  by the Executive Officer certifying engines for sale in California.
(25) "Family Emission Limit" means an
				  emission value assigned by a marine engine manufacturer to an engine family for
				  the purpose of complying with a corporate average exhaust emission standard.
				  The Family Emission Limit (FEL) must not exceed the limit specified in this
				  Article.
(26) "Fuel system" means
				  all components involved in the transport, metering, and mixture of the fuel
				  from the fuel tank to the combustion chamber(s) including, but not limited to
				  the following: fuel tank, fuel tank cap, fuel pump, fuel lines, oil injection
				  metering system, carburetor or fuel injection components, and all fuel system
				  vents.
(27) "Fuel trim" refers to
				  feedback adjustments to the base fuel schedule. Short-term fuel trim refers to
				  dynamic or instantaneous adjustments. Long-term fuel trim refers to much more
				  gradual adjustments to the fuel calibration schedule than short-term trim
				  adjustments. These long-term adjustments compensate for engine differences and
				  gradual changes that occur over time.
(28) "Functional check" for an output
				  component means verification of proper response to a computer command. For an
				  input component, functional check means verification of the input signal being
				  in the range of normal operation, including evaluation of the signal's
				  rationality in comparison to all available information.
(29) "High Performance Engine" or "High
				  Performance SD/I Engine" means a spark-ignition sterndrive/inboard marine
				  engine with maximum engine power greater than 373 kilowatts.
(30) "Inspection criteria" means the pass and
				  fail numbers associated with a particular sampling plan.
(31) "Intermediate Volume Manufacturer" means
				  an engine manufacturer that produces high performance and/or standard
				  performance sterndrive/inboard engines for sale in California in combined
				  quantities greater than 75 units but less than 500 units annually.
(32) "Jet boat" means a vessel that uses an
				  installed internal combustion engine powering a water jet pump as its primary
				  source of propulsion and is designed with open area for carrying
				  passengers.
(33) "Large Volume
				  Manufacturer" means an engine manufacturer that produces high performance and
				  standard performance sterndrive/inboard engines for sale in California in
				  combined quantities equal to or greater than 500 units annually.
(34) "Low-permeation hose" means a fuel hose
				  that does not exceed a 15.0 grams per square meter per day permeation rate on
				  CE10 fuel at 23° Celsius per SAE J1527.
(35) "Malfunction" means the inability of an
				  emission-related component or system to remain within design specifications.
				  Further, malfunction refers to the deterioration of any of the above components
				  or systems to a degree that would likely cause the emissions of an aged engine
				  with the deteriorated components or systems present at the beginning of the
				  applicable certification emission test to exceed the HC+NOx emission standard
				  by more than 50 percent, unless otherwise specified, as applicable pursuant to
				  Chapter 1 (commencing with Section
				  1900), Division 3, title 13, of
				  the California Code of Regulations.
(36) "Marine engine manufacturer" means any
				  person engaged in the manufacturing or assembling of new spark-ignition marine
				  engines or the importing of such engines for resale, or who acts for and is
				  under the control of any such person in connection with the distribution of
				  such engines. A spark-ignition marine engine manufacturer does not include any
				  dealer with respect to new spark-ignition marine engines received by such
				  person in commerce.
(37) "Marine
				  warm-up cycle" means sufficient engine operation such that the coolant
				  temperature has risen by at least 40 degrees Fahrenheit from engine starting
				  and reaches a minimum temperature of at least 140 degrees Fahrenheit.
(38) "Marine watercraft" means every
				  description of boat, ship or other artificial contrivance used, or capable of
				  being operated on water.
(39)
				  "Marinize" means to modify an existing automobile engine to operate reliably in
				  a marine environment. Some typical modifications include upgrading the
				  composition of exhaust components to be more resistive against rust and
				  corrosion, incorporating a water jacket within the exhaust manifolds to reduce
				  temperatures, and providing better insulation for electrical contacts that
				  might otherwise be exposed to corrosive sea water.
(40) "Maximum Engine Power" means the maximum
				  brake power point on the nominal power curve for the engine configuration. The
				  nominal power curve of an engine configuration is the relationship between
				  maximum available engine brake power and engine speed for an engine, using the
				  mapping procedures of 40 CFR part 1065 , based on the manufacturer's design and
				  production specifications for the engine. This information may also be
				  expressed by a torque curve that relates maximum available engine torque with
				  engine speed. The nominal power curve must be within the range of the actual
				  power curves of production engines considering normal production variability.
				  The power value should be rounded to the nearest whole kilowatt for engines
				  greater than 30 kW and to the nearest 0.1 kW for engines less than or equal to
				  30 kW. Except as indicated below in paragraphs (A) and (B) of this definition,
				  the maximum engine power for an engine family is the weighted average value of
				  maximum engine power for each engine configuration within the engine family
				  based on the total California production volume of engines produced from the
				  engine family. Alternately:
(A) For outboard
				  or personal watercraft engines, maximum engine power is the greatest value for
				  maximum engine power from all the different configurations within the engine
				  family to determine the appropriate emission standard under §
												2442(a).
(B) For sterndrive/inboard engines, maximum
				  engine power is the smallest value for maximum engine power from all the
				  different configurations within the engine family to determine the standards
				  and other requirements that apply under §
												2442(b).
(41) "Maximum Rated Power" means the maximum
				  brake kilowatt output of an engine at rated speed, as stated in the
				  manufacturer's application for certification.
(42) "Maximum Test Speed" means:
(A) the engine speed during sustained
				  operation with maximum operator demand when testing other than a two-stroke
				  engine installed in a vessel, or
(B) the same as defined in
				  40 CFR
				  1045.501 and
				  40 CFR
				  1065.1001 when testing a two-stroke engine
				  installed in a vessel or any engine on an engine dynamometer.
For the purposes of laboratory testing, the declared
					 maximum test speed must be within 500 revolutions per minute of the measured
					 value for maximum test speed specified in the test
					 procedures.
(43)
				  "Model year" means the engine manufacturer's annual new model production period
				  which includes January 1 of the calendar year for which the model year is
				  named, ends no later than December 31 of the calendar year, and does not begin
				  earlier than January 2 of the previous calendar year. Where an engine
				  manufacturer has no annual new model production period, model year means the
				  calendar year.
(44) "New Propulsion
				  Marine Engine" or "New Engine" or "New," -- for purposes of this Article, means
				  any of the following:
(A) A freshly
				  manufactured propulsion marine engine for which the ultimate purchaser has
				  never received the equitable or legal title. This kind of engine might commonly
				  be thought of as "brand new." In the case of this paragraph (A), the engine is
				  new from the time it is produced until the ultimate purchaser receives the
				  title or the product is placed into service, whichever comes first.
(B) An engine intended to be used as a
				  propulsion marine engine that was originally manufactured as a motor vehicle
				  engine, a nonroad engine that is not a propulsion marine engine, or a
				  stationary engine. In this case, the engine is no longer a motor-vehicle,
				  nonpropulsion, or stationary engine and becomes a "new propulsion marine
				  engine." The engine is no longer new when it is placed into marine
				  service.
(C) A propulsion marine
				  engine that has been previously placed into service in an excluded application,
				  where that engine is installed in a vessel subject to the requirements of these
				  regulations. The engine is no longer new when it is placed into marine service
				  covered by these regulations. For example, this would apply to an auxiliary
				  marine engine that becomes a propulsion marine engine.
(D) An engine not covered by paragraphs (A)
				  through (C) of this definition that is intended to be installed in a new
				  vessel. This generally includes installation of used engines in new vessels.
				  The engine is no longer new when the ultimate purchaser receives a title for
				  the vessel or the product is placed into service, whichever comes
				  first.
(E) An imported marine
				  engine determined by federal regulations to be new per the criteria defined in
				  40 CFR
				  1045.801 for imported propulsion marine
				  engines.
(45)
				  "Nonconformity" or "Noncompliance," for the purposes of Title 13, California
				  Code of Regulations, section
				  2444.1, means that:
(A) a significant number, determined by the
				  Executive Officer, of a class of engines, although properly maintained and
				  used, experience a failure of the same emission-related component(s) within
				  their useful lives which, if uncorrected, results in the engines' failure to
				  comply with the emission standards prescribed under section
				  2442 which are applicable to the
				  model year of such engines; or
(B)
				  a class of engines that at any time within their useful lives, although
				  properly maintained and used, on average does not comply with the emission
				  standards prescribed under section
				  2442 which are applicable to the
				  model year of such engines.
(46) "Nontrailerable boat" means a vessel
				  equal to or greater than 8 meters in length or 2.6 meters or more
				  wide.
(47) "Operating cycle"
				  consists of engine startup, engine run, and engine shutoff.
(48) "Original equipment manufacturer" means
				  a manufacturer who purchases engines for installation in its equipment for sale
				  to ultimate purchasers.
(49)
				  "Outboard engine" means an assembly of a spark-ignition marine engine and drive
				  unit used to propel a vessel from a properly mounted position external to the
				  hull of the vessel. An outboard drive unit is partially submerged during
				  operation and can be tilted out of the water when not in use.
(50) "Personal watercraft" means a vessel
				  less than 4.0 meters (approximately 13 feet) in length that uses an installed
				  internal combustion engine powering a water jet pump as its primary source of
				  propulsion and is designed with no open load carrying area that would retain
				  water. The vessel is designed to be operated by a person or persons positioned
				  on, rather than within the confines of the hull. A vessel using an outboard
				  engine as its primary source of propulsion is not a personal
				  watercraft.
(51) "Personal
				  watercraft engine" means a spark-ignition engine used to propel a personal
				  watercraft.
(52) "Production-line
				  tests" are emission tests performed on a sample of production engines produced
				  for sale in California and conducted in accordance with Title 13, California
				  Code of Regulations, section
				  2446(a).
(53) "Qualified Intermediate Volume
				  Manufacturer" means an intermediate volume manufacturer whose ratio of standard
				  performance sterndrive/inboard engines to high performance sterndrive/inboard
				  engines is 12 to 1 or greater.
(54)
				  "Rebuild" or "Rebuilding" refers to a major overhaul in which the engine's
				  pistons or power assemblies are replaced or other changes that significantly
				  increase the service life of the engine are made. It also includes replacing or
				  rebuilding an engine's turbocharger or aftercooler or the engine's systems for
				  fuel metering or electronic control so that it significantly increases the
				  service life of the engine. For these provisions, rebuilding may or may not
				  involve removing the engine from the equipment. Rebuilding does not normally
				  include scheduled emission-related maintenance that the Test Procedures allow
				  during the useful life period (such as replacing fuel injectors) or unscheduled
				  maintenance that occurs commonly within the useful life period.
(55) "Redline engine speed" means the engine
				  manufacturer recommended maximum engine speed as normally displayed on
				  instrument panel tachometers, or the engine speed at which fuel shutoff
				  occurs.
(56) "Response rate," with
				  regards to oxygen sensors, refers to the delay (measured in milliseconds)
				  between a switch of the sensor from lean to rich or vice versa in response to a
				  change in fuel/air ratio above and below stoichiometric.
(57) "Sales" or "Eligible sales" means the
				  actual or calculated sales of an engine family in California for the purposes
				  of corporate averaging and production-line testing. Upon Executive Officer
				  approval, an engine manufacturer may calculate its eligible sales through
				  market analysis of actual federal production or sales volumes.
(58) "Scheduled maintenance" means any
				  adjustment, repair, removal, disassembly, cleaning, or replacement of
				  components or systems required by the engine manufacturer to be performed on a
				  periodic basis to prevent part failure or marine watercraft or engine
				  malfunction, or those actions anticipated as necessary to correct an overt
				  indication of malfunction or failure for which periodic maintenance is not
				  appropriate.
(59) "Small Volume
				  Manufacturer" means an engine manufacturer that produces high performance
				  and/or standard performance sterndrive/inboard engines for sale in California
				  in combined quantities equal to or less than 75 units annually.
(60) "Spark-ignition" means relating to a
				  gasoline-fueled engine or any other type of engine with a spark plug (or other
				  sparking device) and with operating characteristics significantly similar to
				  the theoretical Otto combustion cycle. Spark-ignition engines usually use a
				  throttle to regulate intake air flow to control power during normal
				  operation.
(61) "Spark-ignition
				  marine engine" or "Spark-ignition propulsion marine engine" means any engine
				  used to propel a marine watercraft, and which utilizes the spark-ignition
				  combustion cycle; including, but not limited to personal watercraft, outboard,
				  and sterndrive/inboard engines.
(62) "Standard Performance Engine" or
				  "Standard Performance SD/I Engine" means a spark-ignition sterndrive/inboard
				  marine engine with maximum engine power less than or equal to 373
				  kilowatts.
(63) "Sterndrive/inboard
				  engine" or "sterndrive/inboard marine engine" means a spark-ignition engine
				  that is used to propel a vessel, but is not an outboard engine or a personal
				  watercraft engine. This includes engines on propeller driven vessels, jet
				  boats, air boats, and hovercraft.
(64) "Test engine" means the engine or group
				  of engines that an engine manufacturer uses during certification, production
				  line and in-use testing to determine compliance with emission
				  standards.
(65) "Test Procedures"
				  means the document entitled "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test
				  Procedures for 2001 Model Year and Later Spark-Ignition Marine Engines," which
				  includes the standards and test procedures applicable to 2001 and later
				  spark-ignition personal watercraft, outboard, and sterndrive/inboard marine
				  engines, as incorporated by reference in Section
				  2447.
(66) "Ultimate purchaser" means, with respect
				  to any new spark-ignition marine engine, the first person who in good faith
				  purchases such new spark-ignition marine engine for purposes other than
				  resale.
(67) "U.S.C." means United
				  States Code.
(68) "Used solely for
				  competition" means exhibiting features that are not easily removed and that
				  would render its use other than in competition unsafe, impractical, or highly
				  unlikely.
(69) "Useful life" for
				  spark-ignition marine engines means nine years for personal watercraft engines
				  and sixteen years for outboard, and sterndrive/inboard engines.
(70) "Warranty period" means the period of
				  time the engine or part is covered by the warranty provisions.
(71) "Warranty station" means any dealer,
				  service center or other agent that is authorized by the engine manufacturer to
				  perform diagnostic labor, repairs or replacements of warranted engine
				  components.