Florida Administrative Code › 5 - DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND CONSUMER SERVICES › 5B - Division of Plant Industry › Chapter 5B-62 - CITRUS NURSERY STOCK CERTIFICATION PROGRAM › Section 5B-62.001 - Definitions and Purpose

Current through Reg. 50, No. 138; July 16, 2024
(1) For the purpose
				of this rule chapter, the definitions in Section
				581.011, F.S., and the following
				definitions shall apply:
(a) African Citrus
				Psyllid. The insect known as African citrus psyllid, Trioza erytreae,
				classified in the order Hemiptera: family Psyllidae and all of its life stages.
				It is a vector of citrus greening.
(b) Approved Citrus Nursery Site. A defined
				area that meets the certification requirements as prescribed by the
				Department.
(c) Approved Soil Pit.
				A soil source used for fill purposes, highway or road construction, or as an
				ingredient in plant growing or potting media that meets the Department's
				requirements as to the absence of injurious nematodes of citrus.
(d) Asian Citrus Psyllid. The insect known as
				Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, classified in the order Hemiptera:
				family Psyllidae and all of its life stages. It is a vector of citrus
				greening.
(e) Australian Citrus
				Dieback. A disease from Australia similar to citrus greening, but for which
				neither the causal organism nor the vector has been characterized and
				identified.
(f) Brown Citrus Aphid.
				Toxoptera citricida, classified in the order Hemiptera: family Aphididae and
				all of its life stages.
(g)
				Budwood. A portion of a stem or branch with a vegetative bud(s) used in
				propagation for budding or grafting.
(h) Certified Citrus Nursery. A nursery that
				has been certified by the Department as meeting the requirements for production
				of citrus nursery stock free of pests of citrus.
(i) Certified Tree. A scion tree meeting all
				the requirements of Chapter 5B-62, F.A.C., but not yet having borne fruit or
				nursery trees propagated from a certified scion tree.
(j) Citrus. All members and any hybrids of
				the family Rutaceae, including any plants, plant parts, fruits, seeds and any
				other parts thereof.
(k) Citrus
				Blight. A root graft-transmissible disease of unknown etiology associated with
				xylem dysfunction which results in wilting and slow decline of trees.
(l) Citrus Canker. A bacterial disease of
				citrus incited by the organism Xanthomonas campestris subsp. citri.
(m) Citrus Cachexia Viroid. A graft- and
				mechanically-transmissible viroid incited by the organism Hop Stunt viroid in
				the Pospoviroidae family and Hostuviroid genus. Disease symptoms include phloem
				deterioration and blockage in many mandarin, mandarin hybrids, Citrus
				macrophylla, Rangpur lime and sweet lime. This disease causes decline, stunting
				and crop reduction.
(n) Citrus
				Chlorotic Dwarf. A graft-transmissible disease vectored by the bayberry
				whitefly, Parabemisia myricae, classified in the order Hemiptera and family
				Aleyrodidae. It is a disease of the Eastern Mediterranean causing chlorotic
				patterns and distortion in young leaves, stunting of young trees and reduced
				yields in lemon, mandarin, grapefruit and to a lesser degree sweet
				orange.
(o) Citrus Exocortis
				Viroid. The organism that incites a graft- and mechanically-transmissible
				pathogen in the Pospoviroidae family and Pospoviroid genus. Disease symptoms
				include tree decline, stunting of growth, scaling and shelling of the rootstock
				bark of Poncirus trifoliata and many P. trifoliata hybrids and Rangpur
				lime.
(p) Citrus Greening. A
				phloem-limited bacterial disease of citrus and citrus relatives incited by the
				organism Candidatus Liberibacter spp., (also known as huanglongbing or yellow
				dragon disease) that is vectored by Diaphorina citri and Trioza erytreae.
				Disease symptoms include mottled foliage, asymmetrical bitter fruit, and
				infected trees which become non-productive and die.
(q) Citrus Leaf Blotch Virus. Also known as
				Dweet Mottle, it is a wide-spread, graft-transmissible and seed-transmissible
				disease with no known vector. It is incited by a virus in the genus Citrivirus
				in the Betaflexiviridae. It may cause a bud-union disorder in certain varieties
				on specific rootstocks.
(r) Citrus
				Leprosis Virus. A non-systemic virus disease incited by a virus in the
				Cilevirus genus, is not currently assigned to a family, and is vectored by
				mites in the Brevipalpus genus. It is a problem in Brazil through upper Central
				America. It causes a non-systemic infection in citrus with local necrotic
				lesions on fruit and leaves with leaf and fruit drop, twig die back and where
				the vector is not controlled, death of the tree.
(s) Citrus Nursery Stock Certification
				Program. A mandatory program administered by the Division of Plant Industry
				whereby registered nurserymen, or other researchers, under permit, are
				propagating citrus, including all dooryard, own-use and commercial plantings,
				are required to propagate citrus in accordance with these rules.
(t) Citrus Psorosis Virus. A
				graft-transmissible virus thought to also be transmitted by a soil fungus in
				the Olpidium genus. Mild psorosis A and Severe psorosis B are caused by viruses
				in the Ophiovirus genus in the Ophioviridae family. Symptoms include
				bark-scaling, internal wood staining, ringspots or irregular chlorotic patterns
				in the foliage and/or eventual tree decline.
(u) Citrus Stubborn. A graft-transmissible
				disease that is incited by Spiroplasma citri and vectored by several species of
				leaf hopper (order Hemiptera: family Cicadellidae). Symptoms include buds on
				newly budded trees not sprouting, acorn-shaped fruit on diseased trees, small
				shoots and leaves, the presence of witches' brooms and flowering out of season.
				It is present in California and Arizona.
(v) Citrus Sudden Death. A disease of unknown
				etiology thought to have an insect vector. Symptoms include rapid decline of
				trees budded on Rangpur lime and to a lesser extent on Volkamer lemon in
				Brazil.
(w) Citrus Tatter Leaf
				Virus. A graft- and mechanically-transmitted disease incited by a virus also
				called citrange stunt or apple stem grooving virus in the Capillovirus genus
				which is assigned to the virus family Flexiviridae. Symptoms include a severe
				bud-union crease, which affects trees on trifoliate orange or trifoliate orange
				hybrid rootstocks causing death of the tree.
(x) Citrus Tristeza Virus. A
				graft-transmissible Closterovirus in the Closteroviridae which is transmitted
				by aphids (primarily brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida). Severe strains,
				as opposed to mild strains, of the virus cause severe stem pitting, seedling
				yellows or quick decline on sour orange rootstock, any of which can result in
				reduced crops or death of the trees.
(y) Citrus Variegated Cholorosis. A
				graft-transmissible disease incited by a strain of Xylella fastidiosa, a
				fastidious xylem-inhabiting bacterium which is vectored by many species of
				sharp shooters (order Hemiptera: family Cicadellidae). It is also
				seed-transmitted. It is found in Brazil and up into Central America. Affected
				trees are stunted with dieback and have fruit that are small and ripen
				early.
(z) Citrus Vein-Enation
				Virus. A graft-transmissible disease also called woody gall is transmitted in a
				persistent manner by aphid vectors including Toxoptera citricida, Myzus
				persicae and Aphis gossypii (order Hemiptera: family Aphididae). It is thought
				to be incited by a virus of unknown etiology possibly closely related to the
				Luteoviridae. It is widespread throughout the cooler citrus growing regions of
				the world and is present in California. It is symptomless in the majority of
				citrus cultivars and is not considered of major economic importance. Wood galls
				are formed on the trunks and branches of Rough and Volkamer lemons. Severe
				infection on these rootstocks has been reported to eventually cause tree
				decline.
(aa) Citrus Viroids.
				Viroids in the family Pospiviroidae and the genus Apscaviroid (Citrus bent leaf
				viroid, Citrus viroid I, Citrus viroid V), Citrus viroid III, the genus
				Cocaviroid (Citrus viroid IV), the genus Pospiviroid (Citrus exocortis viroid)
				and the genus Hostuviroid (Citrus cachexia viroid).
(bb) Citrus Yellow Mosaic Virus. A graft- and
				mechanically transmissible disease that is also vectored by the citrus
				mealybug, Planococcus citri (order Hempitera: family Pseudococcidae). It is
				incited by a Badnavirus in the Caulimoviridae family. Symptoms include yellow
				mosaic on leaves, reduced leaf size, stunted trees and fruit with elevated
				green areas and depressed yellow patches. It is known to be in India.
(cc) Clone. An asexually reproduced cultivar;
				a group of genetically uniform plants that have been propagated vegetatively
				from a single original plant.
(dd)
				Commercial citrus grove. A solid set plantings of 40 or more citrus
				trees.
(ee) Commercial Citrus
				Nursery Stock. Citrus nursery stock to be used in or for establishing a
				planting of 40 or more citrus trees.
(ff) Concave Gum/Blind Pocket.
				Graft-transmissible or seed transmitted pathogens causing infected trees to
				have concavities in the trunk and main branches. The disease is found in most
				citrus-growing areas where it reduces yield and tree vigor.
(gg) Cooperating Agencies. The University of
				Florida and the United States Department of Agriculture shall be regarded as
				cooperating agencies.
(hh) Decline.
				An unknown disorder that causes citrus trees to become unhealthy and show
				receding vigor, and/or a significant amount of dieback.
(ii) Dooryard Citrus Nursery Stock. Citrus
				plants to be used only in a residential setting or for establishing a planting
				of less than 40 citrus trees.
(jj)
				Florida Gummosis. A disease of unknown etiology characterized by bark cracks
				and gumming of scions. This disease is called Rio Grande gummosis in Texas and
				ferment gum disease in California.
(kk) Foundation Tree. A citrus tree owned and
				maintained by the department in accordance with Rule
				5B-62.014, F.A.C., that is used
				to provide a source of budwood to nurserymen, primarily for establishing scion
				and increase trees.
(ll)
				Graft-Transmissible Pathogens. Disease agents spread by vegetative propagation
				including but not limited to budding, grafting, air-layering and cuttings. This
				general term includes known viruses, viroids, bacteria, spiroplasmas and other
				non-identified virus-like pathogens of citrus.
(mm) Horticulturally True-To-Type. A plant
				which conforms to the description of a particular cultivar and which is from
				the same genetic line of descent as that cultivar.
(nn) Increase Trees. Specially designated
				nursery propagations made to rapidly multiply supplies of propagative material
				for citrus nursery tree production and meeting all the requirements of Rule
				5B-62.016, F.A.C.
(oo) Indian Citrus Ringspot Virus. A disease
				of mandarin in India incited by a Mandarivirus in the Alphaflexiviridae
				family.
(pp) Melon Aphid. Aphis
				gossypii, classified in the order Hemiptera: family Aphididae and all of its
				life stages that is also known as the cotton aphid. It is a vector of citrus
				tristeza virus.
(qq)
				Micropropagated - The use of a plant part to initiate the tissue culture
				process.
(rr) Parent Tree. A citrus
				tree of unique germplasm that has met all of the requirements of Rule
				5B-62.013, F.A.C., and has been
				registered with the Department.
(ss) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A
				highly sensitive laboratory test that can detect small amounts of DNA or RNA in
				a plant tissue sample by amplification of a specific DNA or RNA
				segment.
(tt) Progeny Nursery Tree.
				A citrus nursery tree produced from budwood from a registered source tree in
				accordance with instructions outlined in this rule chapter.
(uu) Propagative Material. Any live plant
				material used to produce nursery stock, including cuttings, budwood, seeds,
				seedlings, air layers and tissue culture.
(vv) Registration. The process of certifying
				source trees as being virus-tested and meeting the requirements of these rules,
				including annual renewal by notification and fee payment.
(ww) Rootstock. A plant used as the recipient
				understock in budding or grafting.
(xx) Satsuma Dwarf Virus. A graft- and
				mechanically-transmissible disease which apparently also has a non-nematode
				soil vector. It is incited by a Nepovirus species which is assigned to the
				viral family Comoviridae. Satsuma trees infected with Satsuma Dwarf Virus will
				display a range of leaf symptoms including narrow, boat or spoon-shaped leaves,
				the surfaces of which are often distorted or crinkled. A severely affected tree
				has poor fruit-set, its fruit are small and irregularly shaped and tree vigor
				is reduced.
(yy) Scion Tree. A
				citrus tree grown in accordance with Rule
				5B-62.015, F.A.C., from budwood
				taken from a registered foundation tree and registered with the Department as a
				source of budwood.
(zz) Seed Source
				Tree. A tree that originates from a foundation or parent tree source and is
				used to supply seed for nursery propagation; must be registered and tested by
				the department for the seed-transmitted diseases as listed in Rule
				5B-62.003, F.A.C.
(aaa) Severe Strains of Citrus Tristeza
				Virus. Strains of Citrus Tristeza Virus that have been identified by the
				Department as being harmful to citrus production in Florida.
(bbb) Source Tree. A citrus tree that has met
				all of the requirements as a source of budwood or propagative material, i.e., a
				scion tree, increase tree, foundation tree or seed source tree.
(ccc) Tests. Standardized laboratory,
				biological greenhouse or field plot tests for certain graft-transmissible
				pathogens before trees are eligible for registration as source trees as
				contained in the Citrus Budwood Testing Manual, Revised 03/14, as incorporated
				in Rule 5B-62.004, F.A.C., or approved
				by the Citrus Budwood Technical Advisory Committee.
(ddd) Witches' Broom Disease of Lime. A
				disease of Citrus aurantiifolia, small-fruited acid lime. It is found in Asia
				and is incited by a Candidatus aurantifolia phytoplasma and thought to be
				vectored by Hishimonous phycitis (order Hemiptera: family
				Cicadellidae).