California Code of Regulations › Title 4 - Business Regulations › Division 9 - Division of Measurement Standards, Department of Food and Agriculture › Chapter 1 - Tolerances and Specifications for Commercial Weighing and Measuring Devices › Article 2.2 - Electric Watthour Meters › Section 4027.1 - D. Definitions

Current through Register 2024 Notice Reg. No. 28, July 12, 2024
Accuracy Class. A performance specification for instrument
					 transformers which expresses the maximum deviation from the true value of a
					 measured quantity. (Instrument Transformer Accuracy Class) example: a 0.2
					 accuracy class transformer would be more accurate than a 0.3 accuracy class
					 transformer.
Active Power. The component of electric power that performs
					 work, typically measured in kilowatts (kW) or megawatts (MW). Also known as
					 "real power." The terms "active" or "real" power are used to modify the base
					 term "power" to differentiate it from Reactive Power. The active power
					 (Pac) or real power measured by a meter, is the product
					 of voltage (E) times current (I) times the cosine of the angle by which the
					 current lags the voltage (cos[PHI]) or power factor (pf).
					 Pac = (E) (I) (pf) = (E) (I) (cos [PHI]) where [PHI] is
					 the phase angle of the lag.
Alternating Current (AC). An electric current that reverses
					 direction in a circuit at regular intervals.
Ampere. The practical unit of electric current. It is the
					 quantity of current caused to flow by a potential difference of one volt
					 through a resistance of one ohm. One ampere is one coulomb of charge per
					 second.
Apparent Power: The product of the current and the voltage
					 in a circuit.
Audit Trail. An electronic count and/or information record
					 of the changes to the values of the calibration or configuration parameters of
					 a device.
Balanced Load. Balanced load is used to indicate equal
					 currents in all phases and relatively equal voltages between phases and between
					 each phase and neutral (if one exists), with approximately equal watts in each
					 phase of the load.
Basic Lightning Impulse Insulation Level (BIL). A specific
					 insulation level expressed in kilovolts of the crest value of a standard
					 lightning impulse. (Example: BIL = 10 Kv)
Burden (B). The impedance of the circuit connected to the
					 instrument transformer's secondary winding. (Example: B = 21 Ohms Max.)
Commercial Purposes.
a) A quantity determination or statement of
				  weight, measure, or count of any commodity or thing, used wholly or partially,
				  as a basis for sale, or,
b) a
				  quantity determination or statement of weight, measure, or count of any
				  commodity or thing upon which, wholly or partially, a charge for service is
				  based.
Coulomb. The meter-kilogram-second unit of electric charge
					 equal in magnitude to the charge of 6.24 x 1018
					 electrons; charge transported through a conductor by a current of one ampere
					 flowing for one second.
Creep. A continuous apparent measurement of energy in a
					 meter with operating voltage applied and no power consumed.
Current. The rate of the electron flow past any one point
					 in the circuit. The unit of measurement is coulombs per second or
					 amperes.
Electronic Meter (EM). An electric watthour meter that does
					 not have a rotor.
Element. A combination of a voltage-sensing unit and a
					 current-sensing unit, which provides an output proportional to the quantities
					 measured.
Form Designation (FM). (MM) An alphanumeric designation
					 denoting the circuit arrangement for which the meter is applicable and its
					 specific terminal arrangement. The same designation is applicable to equivalent
					 meters for all manufacturers. (Example: FM 2S)
Hertz (Hz). Frequency or cycles per second. One cycle of an
					 alternating current or voltage is one complete set of positive and negative
					 values of the current or voltage.
Instrument Transformer. A transformer that reproduces in
					 its secondary circuit, in a definite and known proportion, the voltage, or
					 current of its primary circuit, with the phase relation preserved. Sometimes
					 these devices may be referred to as VTs (Voltage Transformers) or CTs (Current
					 Transformers).
Instrument Transformer-Rated Meter. A metering system with
					 terminals arranged for connection to the secondary windings of external
					 instrument transformers.
Instrument Transformer Ratio. The stated ratio of the
					 primary circuit current or voltage compared to the secondary circuit current or
					 voltage. (Example: CTR = 200 : 0.1)
Kilowatt (kW). A unit of power equal to 1,000 watts.
Kilowatthour (kWh). 1,000 watthours.
Line Service. The service conductors connecting the master
					 meter to the submeter.
Load Service. The service conductors connecting the
					 submeter to the tenant's electrical load.
Master Meter. An electric watthour meter owned, maintained,
					 and used for commercial billing purposes by the serving utility. All the
					 electric energy served to a submetered service system is recorded by the master
					 meter.
Mechanical Meter (MM). A watthour meter with a
					 rotor.
Meter Class (CL). The manufacturer's designated maximum
					 amperes a meter can measure continuously without damage or exceeding limits of
					 accuracy. (Example: CL 200)
Meter. An electric watthour meter.
Metrological Components. Elements or features of a
					 measurement instrument or system that perform the measurement process or that
					 may affect the final quantity determination or resulting price determinations.
					 This includes accessories that can affect the validity of transactions based
					 upon the measurement process. The measurement process includes determination of
					 quantities; the transmission, processing, storage, or other corrections or
					 adjustments of measurement data or values; and the display or recording of
					 measurement values or other derived values such as price or worth or
					 charges.
Ohm. Practical unit of electric resistance, which allows
					 one ampere to flow when the impressed potential is one volt.
Percent Registration. Percent registration is calculated as
					 follows:
Percent Registration =
Wh measured by METER
x 100
Wh measured by STANDARD
Percent Error. Percent Error = Percent Registration -
					 100
Power Factor. The ratio of the active power to the apparent
					 power.
Primary Watthour Constant (PKh)
					 (MM). The meter Kh multiplied by the product of the
					 current and/or voltage transformer ratio(s):
PKh = Kh
					 (Current Transformer Ratio X Voltage Transformer Ratio)
Register Ratio (Rr) (MM). The number
					 of revolutions of the gear meshing with the worm or pinion on the rotor shaft
					 per complete rotation of the fastest (most sensitive) wheel or dial
					 pointer.
Remote Configuration Capability. The ability to adjust a
					 measuring device or change its sealable parameters from or through some other
					 device that is not itself necessary to its operation and is not a permanent
					 part of the adjustable device.
Revolution Equivalent. The number of watthours represented
					 by one increment (pulse period) of serial data.
Serving Utility. The utility distribution company that owns
					 the master meter and sells electric energy to the owner of the submeter
					 system.
Stator (MM). The unit which provides the driving torque in
					 a watthour meter. It contains a voltage coil, one or more current coils, and
					 the necessary steel to provide the required magnetic paths.
Submeter. A meter furnished, owned, installed, and
					 maintained, by the customer who is served through a utility owned master
					 meter.
Tenant. The person or persons served electric energy from a
					 submetered service system.
Test Amperes (TA). The manufacturer's specified full load
					 test amperage. (Example: TA 30)
Test Block. Device that facilitates safe meter testing by
					 disconnecting the meter from the circuit without interrupting the service to
					 the tenant.
Thermal Overload Protector. A circuit breaker or fuse that
					 automatically limits the maximum current in a circuit.
Volt. The practical unit of electromotive force. One volt
					 will cause one ampere to flow when impressed across a resistance of one
					 ohm.
Voltage Transformer. A device which provides a secondary
					 voltage which is a precise fraction of the primary voltage.
Watt. The practical unit of electric power. In an
					 alternating-current circuit (AC), the power in watts is volts times amperes
					 multiplied by the circuit power factor.
Watthour (Wh). The practical unit of electric energy, which
					 is expended in one hour when the average load during the hour is one
					 watt.
Watthour Constant (Kh). The
					 expression of the relationship between the energy applied to the meter and one
					 rotor revolution, or output indication, expressed as watthours per revolution
					 or, watthours per output indication.
Watthour Meter. An electricity metering system comprised of
					 components functioning together that measures and registers the integral, with
					 respect to time, of the active power of the circuit in which it is connected.
					 This power integral is the energy delivered to the circuit during the interval
					 over which the integration extends. The unit in which this integral is measured
					 is usually the kilowatthour.
Watthour Test Constant (Kt) (EM).
					 The expression of the relationship between the energy applied to the meter
					 system and corresponding occurrence of one test output indication expressed as
					 watthours per test output indication.
1. Amendment
					 deleting asterisks filed 11-1-94; operative 12-1-94 (Register 94, No.
					 44).
2. Repealer and new section filed 1-13-2009; operative
					 2-12-2009 (Register 2009, No. 3).
Note: Authority cited: Sections
						12027
						and
						12107,
						Business and Professions Code. Reference: Sections
						12107
						and
						12500,
						Business and Professions Code.