Compilation of Rules and Regulations of the State of Georgia › Department 391 - RULES OF GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES › Chapter 391-3 - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION › Subject 391-3-19 - HAZARDOUS SITE RESPONSE › Appendix (391-3-19) III - MEDIA TARGET CONCENTRATIONS AND STANDARD EXPOSURE ASSUMPTIONS

Current through Rules and
				Regulations filed through June 27, 2024
Table 1. Groundwater Criteria
CAS #
Regulated
								Substance/Analyte
Concentration
								(mg/L)
83329
Acenaphthene
0.54
67641
Acetone
14
75058
Acetonitrile
0.13
98862
Acetophenone
1.9
107028
Acrolein
0.00004
79061
Acrylamide
0.0005
107131
Acrylonitrile
0.0005
116063
Aldicarb
0.003
309002
Aldrin
0.000009
7664417
Ammonia
30
62533
Aniline
0.13
7440360
Antimony
0.006
7440382
Arsenic
0.010
1332214
Asbestos (fibers longer than 10 µm)
7 million/liter
7440393
Barium
2
56553
Benz(a)anthracene
0.0003
71432
Benzene
0.005
92875
Benzidine
0.000001
50328
Benzo(a)pyrene
0.0002
205992
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
0.0025
207089
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
0.025
100447
Benzyl chloride
0.0009
7440417
Beryllium
0.004
111444
Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
0.0001
75252
Bromoform
See Trihalomethanes
85687
Butyl benzyl phthalate
0.16
7440439
Cadmium
0.005
63252
Carbaryl
1.9
1563662
Carbofuran
0.04
75150
Carbon disulfide
0.81
56235
Carbon tetrachloride
0.005
12789036
Chlordane
0.002
126998
Chloro-1,3-butadiene, 2-
0.0002
106478
Chloroaniline, p-
0.0037
108907
Chlorobenzene
0.1
510156
Chlorobenzilate
0.0031
124481
Chlorodibromomethane
see Trihalomethanes
67663
Chloroform
see Trihalomethanes
95578
Chlorophenol, 2-
0.091
2921882
Chlorpyrifos
0.0084
7440473
Chromium
0.1
218019
Chrysene
0.25
7440508
Copper
1.3
4319773
Cresols
1.5
57125
Cyanide
0.2
110827
Cyclohexane
12.5
72548
DDD
0.0003
72559
DDE
0.0005
50293
DDT
0.0023
75990
Dalapon
0.2
117840
Di-n-octyl phthalate
0.2
2303164
Diallate
0.0054
333415
Diazinon
0.01
53703
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene
0.0003
96128
Dibromochloropropane
0.0002
84742
Dibutyl phthalate
0.9
1918009
Dicamba
0.57
95501
Dichorobenzene, 1,2-
0.6
106467
Dichorobenzene, 1,4-
0.075
91941
Dichlorobenzidine, 3,3'-
0.0013
75274
Dichlorobromomethane
see Trihalomethanes
75718
Dichlorodifluoromethane
0.2
75343
Dichloroethane, 1,1-
0.028
107062
Dichloroethane, 1,2-
0.005
75354
Dichloroethylene, 1,1-
0.007
156592
Dichloroethylene, cis 1,2
0.070
156605
Dichloroethylene, trans-1,2-
0.1
108601
Dichloroisopropyl ether
0.71
120832
Dichlorophenol, 2,4-
0.046
94757
Dicholorphenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-
0.07
78875
Dichloropropane, 1,2-
0.005
542756
Dichloropropene, 1,3-
0.0047
60571
Dieldrin
0.00002
84662
Diethyl phthalate
15
117817
Diethylhexyl phthalate
0.006
60515
Dimethoate
0.044
119904
Dimethoxybenzidine, 3,3'-
0.0005
119937
Dimethylbenzidine, 3,3'-
0.00007
105679
Dimethylphenol, 2,4-
0.36
99650
Dinitrobenzene, m-
0.002
51285
Dinitrophenol, 2,4-
0.039
121142
Dinitrotoluene, 2,4-
0.0024
606202
Dinitrotoluene, 2,6-
0.0005
88857
Dinoseb
0.007
123911
Dioxane, 1,4-
0.0046
122394
Diphenylamine
1.3
122667
Diphenylhydrazine, 1,2-
0.0008
85007
Diquat dibromide
0.02
298044
Disulfoton
0.0005
115297
Endosulfan (mixed isomers)
0.1
145733
Endothall
0.1
72208
Endrin
0.002
106898
Epichlorohydrin
0.002
110805
Ethoxyethanol, 2-
0.34
75003
Ethyl Chloride (Chloroethane)
21
60297
Ethyl ether
3.9
97632
Ethyl methacrylate
0.63
100414
Ethylbenzene
0.7
106934
Ethylene dibromide
0.00005
22224926
Fenamiphos
0.0044
206440
Fluoranthene
0.8
86737
Fluorene
0.29
7782414
Fluoride, Soluble
4
944229
Fonofos
0.025
50000
Formaldehyde
0.0043
64186
Formic acid
0.00063
110009
Furan
0.019
76448
Heptachlor
0.0004
1024573
Heptachlor epoxide
0.0002
118741
Hexachlorobenzene
0.001
87683
Hexachlorobutadiene
0.0014
319846
Hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha)
0.00007
319857
Hexachlorocyclohexane (beta)
0.0003
608731
Hexachlorocyclohexane, Technical
0.0003
77474
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
0.05
67721
Hexachloroethane
0.0033
70304
Hexachlorophene
0.006
193395
Indeno (1,2,3-cd)pyrene
0.0025
78831
Isobutyl alcohol
5.9
78591
Isophorone
0.78
98828
Isopropylbenzene (Cumene)
0.45
143500
Kepone
0.00004
7439921
Lead
0.015
58899
Lindane
0.0002
121755
Malathion
0.39
7439976
Mercury (inorganic)
0.002
126987
Methacrylonitrile
0.0019
67561
Methanol
20
16752775
Methomyl
0.5
72435
Methoxychlor
0.04
74839
Methyl bromide
0.0076
74873
Methyl chloride
0.19
78933
Methyl ethyl ketone
5.6
80626
Methyl methacrylate
1.4
298000
Methyl parathion
0.0045
74953
Methylene bromide
0.0083
75092
Methylene chloride
0.005
108101
Methyl isobutyl ketone
6.3
924163
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
0.00003
621647
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
0.0001
55185
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
0.000002
62759
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
0.000001
10595956
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
0.000007
100754
N-Nitrosopiperidine
0.00008
930552
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
0.0004
91203
Naphthalene
0.0061
91598
Naphthylamine, 2-
0.0004
7440020
Nickel
0.39
98953
Nitrobenzene
0.0014
1336363
PCBs
0.0005
1910425
Paraquat
0.09
56382
Parathion
0.086
608935
Pentachlorobenzene
0.0032
82688
Pentachloronitrobenzene
0.0012
87865
Pentachlorophenol
0.001
108952
Phenol
5.8
298022
Phorate
0.003
7723140
Phosphorus, elemental
0.0004
129000
Pyrene
0.12
110861
Pyridine
0.02
94597
Safrole
0.001
7782492
Selenium
0.05
7440224
Silver
0.1
93721
Silvex
0.05
100425
Styrene
0.1
1746016
TCDD,2,3,7,8- [Dioxin]
3 x 10-8 (a)
13071799
Terbufos
0.0002
95943
Tetrachlorobenzene, 1,2,4,5-
0.0017
630206
Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,1,2-
0.0057
79345
Tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2-
0.0008
127184
Tetrachloroethylene
0.005
58902
Tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-
0.24
3689245
Tetraethyldithiopyrophosphate
0.0071
7440280
Thallium
0.002
108883
Toluene
1
95534
Toluidine, o-
0.047
106490
Toluidine,p-
0.025
8001352
Toxaphene
0.003
76131
Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1,2-
10
120821
Trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-
0.07
71556
Trichloroethane, 1,1,1-
0.2
79005
Trichloroethane, 1,1,2-
0.005
79016
Trichloroethylene
0.005
75694
Trichlorofluoromethane
5.2
95954
Trichlorophenol, 2,4,5-
1.2
88062
Trichlorophenol, 2,4,6-
0.012
93765
Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-
0.16
96184
Trichloropropane, 1,2,3-
0.000007
Trihalomethanes, total
0.08
99354
Trinitrobenzene, 1,3,5-
0.59
126727
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate
0.00007
75014
Vinyl chloride
0.002
1330207
Xylenes (total)
10
7440666
Zinc
6
(a) For the purposes of Rule
				  391-3-19-.07, all polychlorinated
				  dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans are collectively considered as one substance,
				  expressed as an equivalent concentration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
				  (TCDD), based on the Toxicity Equivalency Factor approach described in
				  "Recommended Toxicity Equivalence Factors (TEFs) for Human Health Risk
				  Assessments of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenze-
p
-dioxin and
				  Dioxin-Like Compounds", U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, December 2010.
				  Where concentrations only of homologous groups are known (isomer-specific data
				  are not available), the Division must be consulted to determine an appropriate
				  method for determining 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents.
Table 2. Type 1 Soil Criteria
Regulated Substance
								Analyte
Concentration
								(mg/kg)
Antimony
5.4
Arsenic
20
Barium
1600
Beryllium
63
Cadmium
7.5
Chromium
100
Copper
920
Lead
270
Mercury
2.1
Nickel
510
Selenium
5.2
Silver
16
Thallium
1
Zinc
7500
Table 3: Standard Default Exposure Factors for Risk Reduction
				  Standard Calculations
The default exposure factors presented in this table must be
				  utilized for Type 1 and Type 3 risk reduction standard (RRS) calculations. For
				  toxicity assessment, EPD adopts EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
				  Response (OSWER) recommended hierarchy of toxicity information (OSWER Directive
				  9285.7-53, 2003). Note that EPA uses this toxicity data hierarchy for the
				  Regional Screening Level (RSL) tables. If a value for only one of the two
				  variables in a variable pair (RfDo/RfC or
				  SFo/IUR) is not available for a substance, the term
				  containing that variable in an equation can be omitted or equated to zero. If
				  neither value is available for a variable pair, a concentration cannot be
				  calculated with the RAGS equations unless an appropriate surrogate compound is
				  available for use in assessing its risk. Appropriately selected surrogate
				  compounds may be utilized for regulated substances without toxicity values as
				  accepted by the Division. Dermal toxicity values are to be derived in
				  accordance with the methods described in this table. The risk equations and
				  methodology for deriving the RRS are prescribed in the U.S. EPA's RSL User's
				  Guide.
Exposure
								Parameter
Symbol
Units
Default Values
Referencea
Risk Thresholds:
Target Risk Level (Cancer Effects)
TR
unitless
1E-05
EPD
Target Hazard Quotient (Non-cancer Effects)
THQ
unitless
1
EPD
Averaging Time:
Averaging Time for Carcinogens
ATc
days
25,550
EPA 1991 (70 years x 365 days/year)
Averaging Time for Non-Carcinogens
ATnc
ED x 365
EPA 1989, 1991
Body Weight:
Resident Child
BW
kg
15
EPA 2011, 2014
Resident Adult
80
EPA 2011, 2014
Non-resident
80
EPA 2011, 2014
Exposure Duration:
Resident Child
ED
years
6
EPA 1991
Resident Adult
20
EPA 2011, 2014
Commercial/Industrial Worker
25
EPA 1991
Excavation Worker
1
EPA 2002
Mutagenic Exposure Duration:
Resident - Mutagenic Exposure Duration (0-2
								years)
EDmut
years
2
EPA 2005
Resident - Mutagenic Exposure Duration (2-6
								years)
4
EPA 2005
Resident - Mutagenic Exposure Duration (6-16
								years)
10
EPA 2005
Resident - Mutagenic Exposure Duration (16-26
								years)
10
EPA 2005
Mutagenic Age-Dependent Adjustment
								Factorsb:
Resident - Mutagenic Age-Dependent Adjustment
								Factor (0-2 years)
ADAF
unitless
10
EPA 2005
Resident - Mutagenic Age-Dependent Adjustment
								Factor (2-6 years)
3
EPA 2005
Resident - Mutagenic Age-Dependent Adjustment
								Factor (6-16 years)
3
EPA 2005
Resident - Mutagenic Age-Dependent Adjustment
								Factor (16 years)
1
EPA 2005
Exposure Frequency:
Resident Child
EF
days/year
350
EPA 1991
Resident Adult
350
EPA 1991
Commercial/Industrial Worker
250
EPA 1991
Excavation Worker
130
5 days/week for 26 weeks/year
Drinking Water Ingestion Rate:
Resident Child
IRw
L/day
0.78
EPA 2011, 2014
Resident Adult
2.5
EPA 2011, 2014
Commercial/Industrial Worker
1
EPA 2011, 2014
Skin Surface Area for Dermal Contact with
								Water:
Resident Child
SAwater
cm2
6,365
EPA 2011 (Table 7-9); 2014
Resident Adult
19,652
EPA 2011 (Table 7-9); 2014
Non-resident
3,527
EPA 2011 (Table 7-2); 2014
Exposure Time for Dermal Contact with
								Waterc:
Resident Child
tevent
hours/event
0.54
EPA 2011, 2014
Resident Adult
0.71
EPA 2011, 2014
Non-resident
0.54
Professional judgement
Event Frequency for Dermal Contact with Soil
								and Water:
Resident and Non-residents
EV
unitless
1
EPA 2002 (Exhibit 1-2); 2004
Soil Ingestion Rate:
Resident Child
IRs
mg/day
200
EPA 2011 (Table 5-1); 2014
Resident Adult
100
EPA 1991
Commercial/Industrial Worker
100
EPA 1991
Excavation Worker
330
EPA 2002 (Exhibit 1-2)
Skin Surface Area for Dermal Contact with
								Soil:
Resident Child
SAsoil
cm2
2,373
EPA 2011 (Table 7-2 and 7-8); 2014
Resident Adult
6,032
EPA 2011 (Tables 7-2 and 7-12); 2014
Non-resident
3,527
EPA 2011 (Table 7-2); EPA 2014
Soil-to-Skin Adherence Factor:
Resident Child
AF
mg/cm2
0.2
EPA 2004 (Exhibit 3-5)
Resident Adult
0.07
EPA 2004 (Exhibit 3-5)
Non-resident
0.12
EPA 2004 (Exhibit 3-5)
Excavation Worker
0.3
EPA 2002 (Exhibit 1-2)
Gastrointestinal Absorption Factor:
Residential and Non-residential
GIABS
unitless
chemical-specific
RSL Table
Dermal Absorption Factor:
Residential and Non-residential
ABSd
unitless
chemical-specific
RSL Table
Relative Bioavailability
								Factord:
Arsenic and Lead
RBA
unitless
0.6
EPA 2007
Exposure Time for Indoor/Outdoor Inhalation
								Rate:
Resident
ET
hours/day
24
Upper bound of time spent at a residence
Non-resident
8
Average length of work day
Wind Particulate Emission
								Factor:
Residential and Non-residential
PEF
m3/day
1.36E+09
EPA 2002 (Exhibit D-2)
Volatilization Factor for Domestic Water Use
								(K):
Residential and Non-residential
K
L/m3
0.5
Andelman 1990
Toxicity Values:
Oral Cancer Slope Factor
SFo
(mg/kg-day)-1
chemical-specific
EPA 2003; RSL Table (as revised)
Inhalation Unit Risk
IUR
(µg/m3)-1
chemical-specific
EPA 2003; RSL Table (as revised)
Oral chronic reference dose
RfDo
mg/kg-day
chemical-specific
EPA 2003; RSL Table (as revised)
Reference Concentration
RfC
mg/m3
chemical-specific
EPA 2003; RSL Table (as revised)
Dermal Cancer Slope Factor
SFd
(mg/kg-day)-1
chemical-specific
SFd =
								CSFo x GIabs; EPA 2004
Dermal chronic Reference Dose
RfDd
mg/kg-day
chemical-specific
RfDd =
								RfDo / GIabs; EPA 2004
a  Source:
U.S. EPA 1989. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Volume
				  I - Human Health Evaluation Manual (RAGS Part A), EPA/540/1-89/002, December
				  1989
Andelman, J.B. 1990. Total Exposure to Volatile Organic
				  Compounds in Potable Water. Significance and Treatment of Volatile Organic
				  Compounds in Water Supplies, Lewis Publishers: Chelsea, MI, USA, Chapter 20,
				  pp. 485-504
U.S. EPA 1991. Human Health Evaluation Manual, Supplemental
				  Guidance: Standard Default Exposure Factors. OSWER Directive 9285.6-03, March
				  1991
U.S. EPA 2002. Supplemental Guidance for Developing Soil
				  Screening Levels for Superfund Sites. OSWER 9355.4-24, December 2002
U.S. EPA 2003. Human Health Toxicity Values in Superfund Risk
				  Assessments. OSWER Directive 9285.7-53, December 2003
U.S. EPA 2004. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Volume
				  I - Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part E, Supplemental Guidance for Dermal
				  Risk Assessment) (RAGS Part E) Final. OSWER 9285.7-02EP, July 2004
U.S. EPA 2005. Supplemental Guidance for Assessing
				  Susceptibility from Early-Life Exposure to Carcinogens, March 2005
U.S. EPA 2007. Guidance for Evaluating the Oral
				  Bioavailability of Metals in Soils for Use in Human Health Risk Assessment.
				  OSWER 9285.7-80, May 2007 (as amended)
U.S. EPA 2011. Exposure Factors Handbook: 2011 Edition.
				  EPA/600/R-090/052F, September 2011
U.S. EPA 2014. Human Health Evaluation Manual, Supplemental
				  Guidance: Update of Standard Default Exposure Factors. OSWER Directive
				  9200.1-120, February 2014
U.S. EPA. Regional Screening Levels (RSL) for Chemical
				  Contaminants at Superfund Sites. Generic Tables (as amended)
b
Age-Dependent
				  Adjustment Factors (ADAFs) are to be applied to all regulated substances having
				  a mutagenic mode of action for carcinogenesis when assessing cancer risks from
				  early life exposures (16 years of age). Such substances are denoted by "M" in
				  the "Mutagen" column of U.S. EPA's Regional Screening Level (RSL) table. For a
				  child resident (0-6 years), the appropriate ADAF adjustment factor for cancer
				  risk estimation is 32 {i.e., EDmut x ADAF or [(2 years x
				  10) + (4 years x 3)]}. For adults, the ADAF adjustment factor is 40 {i.e., [10
				  years (age 6-16 years) x 3] + [10 years (age 16-26 years) x 1]}.
c
For the
				  commercial/industrial worker, the dermal exposure time while bathing/showering
				  was assumed to be equivalent to that of the child resident given the infrequent
				  occurrence of this event in an occupational setting.
d
Use of EPA's
				  default oral relative bioavailability factors must be utilized when deriving
				  the Type 1 and 3 RRS for soil and does not apply to groundwater. For
				  groundwater, the oral bioavailability factor is 1 (assumed bioavailability of
				  100%). Site-specific bioavailability assessments for arsenic, lead and other
				  compounds (e.g., PAHs) may be conducted as part of the Type 2 and Type 4 RRS
				  for soil using in vitro and/or in vivo bioavailability test methods approved by
				  EPA. However, note that in the absence of in vivo data, in vitro
				  bioaccessibility on a subset of soil samples is required prior to use in risk
				  assessment. For lead, EPA assumes a default RBA value of 0.6 (60%) in both the
				  ALM and IEUBK models. RBA should not substitute or be confused with the
				  absolute bioavailability values in these models.
Table 4: Equation and Default Values for Calculating Soil
				  Concentrations Pursuant to Rule
				  391-3-19-.07(6)(c)(1)
				  and 391-3-19-.07(8)(d)(1)
Equation 10 USEPA Soil Screening
								Guidance: User's Guide (USEPA 1996)
Click here to
								view
Parameter
Symbol
Units
Default Value
Source
soil concentration pursuant to Rule
								391-3-19-.07(6)(c)(1)(ii)
								and 391-3-19-.07(8)(d)(1)
CS
mg/kg
calculated
Equation 10
USEPA 1996
target leachate concentration
CL
mg/L
calculated
for Rule
								391-3-19-.07(6)(c)(1):
CL = (DAF) x (Type 1 RRS GW)
for Rule
								391-3-19-.07(8)(d)(1):
CL = (DAF) x (Type 3 RRS GW)
dilution attenuation factor
DAF
unitless
20
Rule
								391-3-19-.07(6)(c)(1)(ii)
USEPA 1996
Type 1 Risk Reduction Standard for
								Groundwater
Type 1 RRS GW
mg/L
chemical-specific
Rule
								391-3-19-.07(6)(b)
Type 3 Risk Reduction Standard for
								Groundwater
Type 3 RRS GW
mg/L
chemical-specific
Rule
								391-3-19-.07(8)(c)
soil-water partition coefficient
Kd
L/kg
chemical-specific
for organics:
Kd = Koc x
								foc
for inorganics:
USEPA RSL Tables
								(as amended)
soil organic carbon-water partition
								coefficient
Koc
L/kg
chemical-specific
USEPA RSL Tables (as amended)
fraction of soil organic carbon
foc
kg/kg
0.002
USEPA 1996
water-filled soil porosity
[THETA]w
Lwater/Lsoil
0.3
USEPA 1996
air-filled soil porosity
[THETA]a
Lair/Lsoil
0.13
USEPA 1996
dimensionless Henry's Law Constant
H'
unitless
chemical-specific
USEPA RSL Tables (as amended)
dry soil bulk density
[ALPHA]b
kg/L
1.5
USEPA 1996
References:
USEPA. 1996. Soil Screening Guidance: User's Guide. USEPA
				  Publication 9355.4-23. July.
USEPA. Regional Screening Levels (RSL) for Chemical
				  Contaminants at Superfund Sites. Generic Tables (as amended).