California Code of Regulations › Title 13 - Motor Vehicles › Division 3 - Air Resources Board › Chapter 9 - Off-Road Vehicles and Engines Pollution Control Devices › Article 1 - Small off-Road Engines › Section 2401 - Definitions

Current through Register 2024 Notice Reg. No. 28, July 12, 2024
(a) The definitions
				  in Section
				  1900(b),
				  Chapter 1, Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations, apply with the
				  following additions:
(1) "CARB Enforcement
				  Officer" means any officer or employee of the California Air Resources Board so
				  designated in writing by the Executive Officer or by the Executive Officer's
				  designee.
(2) "Assembly-line tests"
				  are those tests or inspections that are performed on or at the end of the
				  assembly-line.
(3) "Averaging"
				  means the exchange of emission credits among engine families within a given
				  manufacturer's product line.
(4)
				  "Banking" means the retention of small off-road engine emission credits by the
				  manufacturer generating the emission credits for use in future model year
				  averaging or trading as permitted by these regulations.
(5) "Basic engine" means an engine
				  manufacturer's unique combination of engine displacement, number of cylinders,
				  fuel system, emission control system and other engine and emission control
				  system characteristics specified by the Executive Officer.
(6) "Calendar year" is the twelve month
				  period commencing on January 1 through December 31.
(7) "Certification emission reduction
				  credits" means the amount of emission reduction or exceedance, by an engine
				  family, below or above the applicable HC+NOx (or
				  NMHC+NOx, as applicable) or Particulate Matter emission
				  standard, respectively. Family emission limits (FEL) below the standard create
				  "positive credits," while FELs above the standard create "negative credits."
				  Some or all of these credits may be revoked if the Executive Officer's review
				  of the end-of-year reports or any subsequent audit action(s) reveals problems
				  or errors of any nature with credit computations.
(A) "Projected credits" refer to emission
				  credits based on the projected applicable production/sales volume of the engine
				  family.
(B) "Reserved credits" are
				  emission credits generated within a model year available for reporting to the
				  Executive Officer at the end of the model year.
(C) "Actual credits" refer to emission
				  credits based on California's share, determined by market analysis, of actual
				  federal production/sales volume as contained in the end-of-year reports
				  submitted to the Executive Officer.
(8) "Certification value" means the product
				  of the measured emissions of the prototype engine at zero hours and the
				  (calculated or assigned) deterioration factor.
(9) "Blue Sky Series engine" means a small
				  off-road engine meeting the requirements of Section
				  2403(b)(2)(A).
(10) "Complete engine assembly" or "Engine
				  configuration" means an assembly of a basic engine and all of the specific
				  applicable components (e.g., air inlet, fuel and exhaust systems, etc.) and
				  calibrations (e.g., carburetor jet size, valve timing, etc.) required for the
				  assembly to be installed into a new unit of equipment.
(11) "Crankcase emissions" means airborne
				  substances emitted into the atmosphere from any portion of the engine crankcase
				  ventilation or lubrication system.
(12) "Deterioration factor" means the
				  calculated or assigned number that represents the certification engine's
				  emissions change over the durability period. It is multiplied by zero hour
				  (new) engine test results to determine the engine family compliance level. The
				  deterioration factor is determined as per Part II, Section 3 of the 1995-2004
				  Test Procedures, Subpart B, Section 90.104 of the 2005-2012 Test Procedures, or
				  Subpart C, section 1054.245 of the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and
				  Test Procedures for New 2013 and Later Small Off-Road Engines; Engine-Testing
				  Procedures (Part 1054)," adopted October 25, 2012, and amended January 1, 2023,
				  as applicable. See "Emissions Durability Period," below.
(13) "Eight-hour workday" means the
				  zero-emission small off-road equipment manufacturer specified operational
				  sequence of a particular type of equipment over an eight-hour period. The
				  operational sequence reflects periods of equipment use, and applicable battery
				  recharging and exchanging.
(14)
				  "Emission control system" includes any component, group of components, or
				  engine modification that controls or causes the reduction of substances emitted
				  from an engine.
(15) "Emissions
				  durability period" is the period that represents an engine's useful life. The
				  emissions durability period is selected from the choices listed in the table in
				  section
				  2403(b).
				  The emissions durability period is used to determine an engine family's
				  deterioration factors and in the calculation of certification and production
				  emission reduction credits.
(16)
				  "Emissions durability values" means emissions from an engine that has
				  accumulated service equivalent to that engine's emissions durability period, or
				  the result of the product of the zero hour (new) engine test results and the
				  appropriate deterioration factor (e.g., the certification values). The
				  Executive Officer must approve the methods of service accumulation before the
				  manufacturer begins service accumulation.
(17) "Emission-related defect" means a defect
				  in design, materials, or workmanship in a device, system, or assembly described
				  in the approved application for certification which affects any applicable
				  parameter, specification, or component enumerated in Appendix A to Article 2.1,
				  Chapter 2, Division 3, Title 13, California Code of Regulations or listed in
				  the Emission Warranty Parts List pursuant to section
				  2405(d).
(18) "End of assembly-line" is defined as
				  that place where the final inspection test or production line test is
				  performed.
(19) "Engine" means an
				  engine block with an installed crankshaft. Gas turbine engines are excluded
				  from this definition. The term engine does not include engine blocks without an
				  installed crankshaft, nor does it include any assembly of reciprocating engine
				  components that does not include the engine block. (Note: For purposes of this
				  definition, any component that is the primary means of converting an engine's
				  energy into usable work is considered a crankshaft, whether or not it is known
				  commercially as a crankshaft.)
(20)
				  "Engine family" is a subclass of a basic engine based on similar emission
				  characteristics or a subclass of zero-emission small off-road equipment based
				  on similar performance characteristics. The engine family is the grouping of
				  engines or zero-emission small off-road equipment that is used for the purposes
				  of certification.
(21) "Engine
				  family name" means a multi-character alphanumeric sequence that represents
				  certain specific and general information about an engine family.
(22) "Engine manufacturer" means the
				  manufacturer granted certification.
(23) "Exhaust emissions" means substances
				  emitted into the atmosphere from any opening downstream from the exhaust port
				  of an engine.
(24) "Extreme
				  nonattainment area" means any area classified as an extreme ozone nonattainment
				  area by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to Section 181(a) of
				  the Clean Air Act, as amended, including Orange County and the portions of Los
				  Angeles, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties described as extreme ozone
				  nonattainment areas in Title 40, section 81.305 of the Code of Federal
				  Regulations.
(25) "Family emission
				  limit" or "FEL" means an emission level that is declared by the manufacturer to
				  serve for the averaging, banking, and trading program and in lieu of an
				  emission standard for certification. The FEL serves as the engine family's
				  emission standard for emissions compliance efforts. If the manufacturer does
				  not declare an FEL for an engine family, the applicable emissions standard must
				  be treated as that engine family's FEL for the purposes of any provision of
				  this Article.
(26) "Final calendar
				  quarter production" is defined as the calendar quarter in which the production
				  of an engine family ends.
(27)
				  "First calendar quarter production" is defined as the calendar quarter in which
				  the production of an engine family begins.
(28) "Fuel system" means the combination of
				  any of the following components: fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel lines, oil
				  injection metering system, carburetor or fuel injection components, or all fuel
				  system vents.
(29) "Generator"
				  means off-road equipment that exclusively produces electric power.
(30) "Generator engine" means an engine
				  installed exclusively in a generator.
(31) "Gross engine malfunction" is defined as
				  one yielding an emission value greater than the sum of the mean plus three (3)
				  times the standard deviation. This definition shall apply only for
				  determination of control limits.
(32) "Handheld" means relating to off-road
				  equipment using an engine with displacement less than or equal to 80
				  cc.
(33) "Horizontal-shaft engine"
				  means any engine that is designed to operate with the axis of the crankshaft in
				  a horizontal position.
(34)
				  "Incomplete engine assembly" means a basic engine assembly that does not
				  include all of the components necessary for designation as a complete engine
				  assembly, and is marketed in order to be a part of, and assembled into, a new
				  unit of equipment that is marketed to ultimate purchasers.
(35) "Model year" means the manufacturer's
				  annual production period that includes January 1 of a calendar year or, if the
				  manufacturer has no annual production period, the calendar year. The model year
				  may not begin before January 2 of the prior calendar year or extend beyond
				  December 31 of the named model year.
(36) "NEMA 5-15" means a receptacle that
				  complies with the industry standard for NEMA 5-15 as established in American
				  National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI)/National Electrical Manufacturers
				  Association (NEMA) publication ANSI/NEMA WD 6-2016, Wiring Devices--Dimensional
				  Specifications, as approved February 11, 2016, which is hereby incorporated by
				  reference.
(37) "Off-road vehicle"
				  or "Off-road equipment" means any non-stationary device, powered by an internal
				  combustion engine or motor, used primarily off the highways to propel, move, or
				  draw persons or property including any device propelled, moved, or drawn
				  exclusively by human power, and used in, but not limited to, any of the
				  following applications: Marine Vessels, Construction/Farm Equipment,
				  Locomotives, Small Off-Road Engines, Off-Road Motorcycles, and Off-Highway
				  Recreational Vehicles.
(38) "Point
				  of first retail sale" means the point that the engine is first sold directly to
				  the ultimate purchaser. Generally, this point is the retail engine or equipment
				  dealer. If the engine is sold first to an equipment manufacturer for
				  installation in a piece of equipment, the equipment manufacturer is the point
				  of first retail sale if the equipment manufacturer cannot demonstrate to a
				  reasonable certainty that the engine will be exported or destined for retail
				  sale outside California.
(39)
				  "Pressure washer engine" means an engine installed exclusively in a pressure
				  washer.
(40) "Production emission
				  reduction credits" means the amount of emission reduction or exceedance by an
				  engine family below or above, respectively, the applicable FEL to which the
				  engine family is certified. Emission reductions below the standard are
				  considered "positive credits," while emission exceedances above the standard
				  are considered "negative or required credits." (See Section
				  2409.)
(41) "Production line test" is defined as the
				  emissions test performed on a sample of production engines produced for sale in
				  California and conducted according to the Emissions Standards and Test
				  Procedures specified in Section
				  2403(b)
				  and (d).
(42) "Professional level" means the degree of
				  equipment performance expected by commercial operators. For zero-emission small
				  off-road equipment, the degree of performance is based on durability test power
				  loading, supplied battery capacity, cutter speed, as applicable, and other
				  performance requirements or parameters that are specific to a particular
				  equipment type.
(43) "Sales" or
				  "Eligible sales" means the actual or calculated sales of an engine family in
				  California for the purposes of averaging, banking or trading. Upon Executive
				  Officer approval, an engine manufacturer may calculate its eligible sales
				  through market analysis of actual federal production or sales volume. Actual
				  sales are sales calculated at the end of a model year based on that model
				  year's production, rather than on estimates of production.
(44) "Scheduled maintenance" means any
				  adjustment, repair, removal, disassembly, cleaning, or replacement of
				  components or systems required by the engine manufacturer that is performed on
				  a periodic basis to prevent part failure or equipment or engine malfunction, or
				  anticipated as necessary to correct an overt indication of malfunction or
				  failure for which periodic maintenance is not appropriate.
(45) "Small off-road engine" means any engine
				  that produces a gross horsepower less than 25 horsepower (at or below 19
				  kilowatts for 2005 and later model year), or is designed (e.g., through fuel
				  feed, valve timing, etc.) to produce less than 25 horsepower (at or below 19
				  kilowatts for 2005 and later model year), that is not used to propel a licensed
				  on-road motor vehicle, an off-road motorcycle, an all-terrain vehicle, a marine
				  vessel, a snowmobile, a model airplane, a model car, or a model boat. If an
				  engine family has models below 25 horsepower (at or below 19 kilowatts) and
				  models at or above 25 horsepower (above 19 kilowatts), only the models under 25
				  horsepower (at or below 19 kilowatts) would be considered small off-road
				  engines. Uses for small off-road engines include, but are not limited to,
				  applications such as lawn mowers, weed trimmers, chain saws, golf carts,
				  specialty vehicles, generators and pumps. All engines and equipment that fall
				  within the scope of the preemption of Section 209(e)(1)(A) of the Federal Clean
				  Air Act, as amended, and as defined by regulation of the Environmental
				  Protection Agency, are specifically not included within this category. Any
				  compression-ignition engine, as defined in Section
				  2421,
				  produced during the 2000 and later model years shall not be defined as a small
				  off-road engine.
(46) "Small
				  off-road equipment" means any off-road equipment powered by a small off-road
				  engine, or comparable electric motor or other power source.
(47) "Standard battery package" means the
				  manufacturer-specified combination of battery(ies) and battery charger(s)
				  required for an individual unit of zero-emission equipment to perform one hour
				  of continuous operation, allowing for battery exchanges, as applicable in order
				  for designation as professional-level zero-emission equipment. The one-hour
				  periods of continuous operation and battery exchanges are repeated in cycles
				  over the course of an eight-hour workday.
(48) "Third-party distributor" is a party
				  that is not an engine or equipment manufacturer, and that engages in wholesale
				  or retail sales of complete or incomplete small off-road engine
				  assemblies.
(49) "Trading" means
				  the exchange of small off-road engine emission credits between
				  manufacturers.
(50) "Ultimate
				  purchaser" means the first person who in good faith purchases a new small
				  off-road engine or equipment using such an engine for purposes other than
				  resale.
(51) "Unscheduled
				  maintenance" means any inspection, adjustment, repair, removal, disassembly,
				  cleaning, or replacement of components or systems that is performed to correct
				  or diagnose a part failure that was not anticipated.
(52) "Vertical-shaft engine" means any engine
				  that is designed to operate with the axis of the crankshaft in a vertical
				  position.
(53) "Warrantable
				  condition" means any condition of an engine that requires the manufacturer to
				  take corrective action pursuant to Section
				  2405.
(54) "Warranted part" means any
				  emissions-related part installed on an engine by the equipment or engine
				  manufacturer, or installed in a warranty repair, that is listed on the warranty
				  parts list.
(55) "Warranty period"
				  means the period of time that the engine or part is covered by the warranty
				  provisions.
(56) "Warranty station"
				  means a service facility authorized by the equipment or engine manufacturer to
				  perform warranty repairs. This includes all manufacturer distribution centers
				  that are franchised to service the subject equipment or engines.
(57) "Zero-emission equipment credits" means
				  the amount of emission reductions generated by using zero-emission small
				  off-road equipment in place of small spark-ignition off-road equipment.
				  Zero-emission equipment credits are calculated pursuant §
											2408.1
				  and approved by CARB. Electrically powered equipment that are powered
				  exclusively through an electrical cord and require continuous external power
				  generation for operation are not eligible for such credits.
(58) "Zero-emission equipment engine family"
				  means the engine family for zero-emission small off-road equipment based on
				  characteristics of the equipment, its emissions, and its power source, which
				  may be an electric motor, and its energy storage device, which may be a
				  battery.
(59) "Zero-emission
				  generator" means any small off-road equipment that generates or stores energy
				  and distributes electrical power while producing zero emissions of any criteria
				  pollutant (or precursor pollutant) under any and all possible operational modes
				  and conditions.
(60) "Zero-emission
				  generator credits" means the amount of emission reductions generated by using
				  zero-emission generators in place of small spark-ignition off-road equipment.
				  Zero-emission generator credits are calculated pursuant to § 2408.2 and
				  approved by CARB.
(61)
				  "Zero-emission small off-road equipment" means any small off-road equipment
				  that produces zero emissions of any criteria pollutant (or precursor pollutant)
				  under any and all possible operational modes and conditions.