California Code of Regulations › Title 8 - Industrial Relations › Division 1 - Department of Industrial Relations › Chapter 4 - Division of Industrial Safety › Subchapter 7 - General Industry Safety Orders › Group 13 - Cranes and Other Hoisting Equipment › Article 91 - Definitions › Section 4885 - Definitions

Current through Register 2024 Notice Reg. No. 28, July 12, 2024
Accessory. A secondary part or assembly of parts which
						  contribute to the over-all function and usefulness of a machine.
Accessory gear. Those items specified by the crane
						  manufacturer as being authorized for use on the load chart such as jibs,
						  blocks, and hooks.
A/D Director (Assembly/Disassembly Director). An
						  individual who meets Group 13 requirements for an A/D Director, irrespective of
						  the person's formal job title or whether the person is non-management or
						  management personnel.
Angle Indicator (Boom). An accessory which measures and
						  indicates the angle of boom to the horizontal.
Anti Two-Block Device. A device which, when activated,
						  disengages all crane functions that can cause two-blocking.
Articulating Boom Crane. A crane whose boom consists of
						  a series of folding, pin connected structural members, typically manipulated to
						  extend or retract by power from hydraulic cylinders.
Assembly/Disassembly. The assembly and/or disassembly
						  of equipment covered under this standard. With regard to tower cranes,
						  "erecting and climbing" replaces the term "assembly," and "dismantling"
						  replaces the term "disassembly." Regardless of whether the crane is initially
						  erected to its full height or is climbed in stages, the process of increasing
						  the height of the crane is an erection process.
Assist Crane. A crane used to assist in assembling or
						  disassembling a crane.
Attachment. Any device that expands the range of tasks
						  that can be done by the equipment. Examples include, but are not limited to: an
						  auger, drill, magnet, pile-driver, and boom-attached personnel platform.
Audible Signal. A signal made by a distinct sound or
						  series of sounds. Examples include, but are not limited to: sounds made by a
						  bell, horn, voice or whistle.
Automatic Crane. A crane which when activated operates
						  through a preset cycle or cycles.
Auxiliary Hoist. A supplemental hoisting unit of
						  lighter capacity and usually higher speed than provided for the main
						  hoist.
Axis of Rotation. The vertical axis around which the
						  crane superstructure rotates.
Base (Mounting). The traveling base or carrier on which
						  the rotating superstructure is mounted such as a car, truck, crawlers, or wheel
						  platform.
Blocking (also referred to as "cribbing"). Wood or
						  other material used to support equipment or a component and distribute loads to
						  the ground. It is typically used to support lattice boom sections during
						  assembly/disassembly and under outrigger and stabilizer floats.
Boatswain's Chair. A single point adjustable suspension
						  scaffold consisting of a seat or sling (which may be incorporated into a full
						  body harness) designed to support one employee in a sitting position.
Bogie. See "travel bogie."
Boom. A member section of a crane or derrick, the lower
						  end of which is affixed to a mast, base, carriage, or support, and the upper
						  end supports a hook or other end attachment. The length of the boom shall be
						  taken as the straight line distance between the axis of the foot pin and the
						  axis of the end sheave pin.
Boom (tower cranes). On tower cranes, if the "boom"
						  (i.e., principal horizontal structure) is fixed, it is referred to as a jib; if
						  it is moveable up and down, it is referred to as a boom.
Boom Angle. The angle between the longitudinal
						  centerline of the boom and the horizontal. The boom longitudinal centerline is
						  a straight line between the boom foot pin (heel pin) centerline and boom point
						  sheave pin centerline.
Boom Hoist. A hoist drum and rope reeving system used
						  to raise and lower the boom. The rope system may be all live reeving or a
						  combination of live reeving and pendants.
Boom Hoist Limiting Device. Includes boom hoist
						  disengaging device, boom hoist shut-off, boom hoist disconnect, boom hoist
						  hydraulic relief, boom hoist kick-outs, automatic boom stop device, or
						  derricking limiter. This type of device disengages boom hoist power when the
						  boom reaches a predetermined operating angle. It may also set brakes or close
						  valves to prevent the boom from lowering after power is disengaged.
Boom Length Indicator. Indicates the length of the
						  permanent part of the boom (such as ruled markings on the boom) or, as in some
						  computerized systems, the length of the boom with
						  extensions/attachments.
Boom Stop. A structural component used to limit the
						  angle of the boom at the highest position. Includes but is not limited to
						  structural components such as belly straps with struts/standoff, telescoping
						  boom stops, attachment boom stops, and backstops. These devices restrict the
						  boom from moving above a certain maximum angle and toppling over
						  backward.
Boom Suspension System. A system of pendants, running
						  ropes, sheaves, and other hardware which supports the boom tip and controls the
						  boom angle.
Boom-Type Excavator. A power-operated excavating
						  crane-type machine used for digging or moving materials. Some excavators of
						  this type are commonly known as dipper stick shovels, backdiggers, trench hoe
						  shovels, draglines, grab buckets, clamshell or orange peel excavators.
Booming, Luffing or Topping. Raising or lowering the
						  head of a boom.
Brake. A device used for retarding or stopping motion
						  by friction or power means.
Brake (Electric). An electric motor acting as a brake
						  by regenerative, counter-torque, or dynamic means.
Brake (Electrically Operated). A friction brake
						  actuated or controlled by electric means.
Brake, Holding. A brake that automatically prevents
						  motion when all power is cut off from the brake holding mechanism.
Bridge. That part of a crane consisting of girders,
						  trucks, end ties, footwalks and drive mechanism which carries the trolley or
						  trolleys.
Bridge Travel. The crane movement in a direction
						  parallel to the crane runway.
Buffer. A cushioning device at the ends of a trolley,
						  bridge, or other moving part of a crane operating on rails to minimize shock in
						  the event of collision.
Builder. The builder/constructor of equipment.
Bulk Cargo Spout. A spout, which may or may not be
						  telescopic and may or may not have removable sections, but is suspended over
						  the vessel from some overhead structure by wire rope or other means. Such a
						  spout is often used with a thrower or trimming machine. A grain loading spout
						  is an example of spouts covered by this definition.
Bulk Cargo Sucker. A pneumatic conveyor which utilizes
						  a spoutlike device, which may be adjustable vertically and/or laterally, and
						  which is suspended over a vessel from some overhead structure by wire rope or
						  other means. An example of an installation of this nature is the grain sucker
						  used to discharge grain from barges.
Bumper. A device which stops the moving part at the
						  limit of travel of a trolley, bridge, or crane operating on rails and prevents
						  further motion beyond that point.
Cab. An inclosure for housing the operator and/or the
						  hoisting mechanism, power plant, and equipment controlling a crane.
Cab-Operated Crane. A crane controlled by an operator
						  in a cab located on the bridge or trolley.
Cableway. A power operated system for moving loads in
						  which the loads are conveyed on an overhead cable, track or carriage.
Cage. An open structure for housing the operator and/or
						  the equipment controlling crane or hoist.
Certificating Agency. Certificating agencies are
						  qualified agencies, and/or persons, licensed by the Division to examine, test
						  and certify cranes and derricks in accordance with Sections
						  344.60 through
						  344.67 of Title 8 of the California
						  Code of Regulations.
Certified Agent. The manufacturer, or a person who is
						  currently registered as a professional civil, mechanical, or structural
						  engineer by the State of California and is knowledgeable in the structure and
						  use of the equipment.
Certified Welder. A welder who meets recognized
						  certification requirements, as set forth by a nationally recognized certifying
						  agency as defined later in this section, applicable for the task being
						  performed.
Chicago Boom Derrick. A boom which is attached to a
						  structure, an outside upright member of the structure serving as the mast, and
						  the boom being stopped in a fixed socket clamped to the upright. The derrick is
						  complete with load, boom, and boom point swing line falls.
Clearance. The distance from any part of the crane to a
						  point of the nearest obstruction.
Climbing. The process in which a tower crane is raised
						  to a new working height, either by adding additional tower sections to the top
						  of the crane (top climbing), or by a system in which the entire crane is raised
						  inside the structure (inside climbing).
Come-Along. A mechanical device typically consisting of
						  a chain, strap or cable attached at each end that is used to facilitate
						  movement of materials by using a mechanical advantage.
Controlled Load Lowering. Lowering a load by means of a
						  mechanical hoist drum device that allows a hoisted load to be lowered with
						  maximum control using the gear train or hydraulic components of the hoist
						  mechanism. Controlled load lowering requires the use of the hoist drive motor,
						  rather than the load hoist brake, to lower the load.
Controller, Spring Return. A controller which when
						  released will return automatically to a neutral position.
Controlling Entity. An employer that is a prime
						  contractor, general contractor, construction manager or any other legal entity
						  which has the overall responsibility for the construction of the project -- its
						  planning, quality and completion.
Counterweight. A weight used to supplement the weight
						  of the machine in providing stability for lifting working loads.
Crane. A machine for lifting or lowering a load and
						  moving it horizontally, in which the hoisting mechanism is an integral part of
						  the machine.
It may be driven manually or by power and may be a
						  fixed or a mobile machine, but does not include stackers, lift trucks, power
						  shovels, backhoes, or excavators. Some of the common types of cranes are
						  defined as follows:
(A) Boom-Type
						Mobile Crane. A self-propelled crane equipped with a boom and mounted on a
						chassis which is supported on either rubber tires, crawler treads or railway
						wheels running on railroad tracks.
(B) Cantilever Gantry Crane. A crane in which
						the bridge girders or trusses are extended transversely beyond the crane runway
						on one or both sides. Its runway may be either on the ground or
						elevated.
(C) Crawler Crane. A
						crane consisting of a superstructure with power plant, operating machinery and
						boom, mounted on a base, equipped with crawler treads for travel.
(D) Floor Operated Crane. A crane which is
						pendant or nonconductive rope controlled by an operator on the floor or an
						independent platform.
(E) Gantry
						Crane. A crane similar to an overhead traveling crane, except that the bridge
						for carrying the trolley or trolleys is rigidly supported on two or more
						movable legs running on fixed rails or other runway.
(1) Container Handling Yard Crane. Rubber
						tired gantry crane.