Hawaii Administrative Rules › Title 11 - DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH › Subtitle 1 - GENERAL DEPARTMENTAL PROVISIONS › Chapter 20 - RULES RELATING TO PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS › Section 11-20-12 - Organic chemicals other than total trihalomethanes, sampling and analytical requirements

Current through June, 2024
(a) (Reserved)
(b) (Reserved)
(c) (Reserved)
(d) (Reserved)
(e) Analysis for the contaminants in section
				11-20-4(d)
				and (e) shall be conducted using the EPA methods cited in
				40 C.F.R.
				§
										141.24(e), or
				alternative methods listed in Appendix A to Title 40 Code of Federal
				Regulations, Part 141, Subpart C, or their equivalent as approved by EPA.
				Analysis for 1,2,3-trichloropropane shall be conducted using the EPA methods
				cited in the EPA Technical Fact Sheet - 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (TCP), dated
				January 2014 also available at
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-03/documents/ffrrofactsheet_contaminant_tcp_january2014_final.pdf
,
				or their equivalent as determined by EPA.
(f)
				 Beginning with the initial compliance period, analysis of the
				contaminants listed in section
				11-20-4(d)
				for the purpose of determining compliance with the MCL shall be conducted as
				follows:
(1)  Ground water systems shall take
				a minimum of one sample at every entry point to the distribution system which
				is representative of each well after treatment (hereafter called a sampling
				point). Each sample must be taken at the same sampling point unless conditions
				make another sampling point more representative of each source, treatment
				plant, or within the distribution system.
(2) Surface water systems (or combined
				surface and ground) shall take a minimum of one sample at points in the
				distribution system that are representative of each source or at each entry
				point to the distribution system after treatment (hereafter 'sampling point").
				Each sample must be taken at the same sampling point unless conditions make
				another sampling point more representative of each source, treatment plant, or
				within the distribution system.
(3)
				 If the system draws water from more than one source and the
				sources are combined before distribution, the system must sample at an entry
				point to the distribution system during periods of normal operating conditions
				(i.e., when water representative of all sources is being used).
(4) Each community and non-transient
				non-community water system shall take four consecutive quarterly samples for
				each contaminant listed in section
				11-20-4(d),
				with the exception of vinyl chloride, during each compliance period beginning
				in the initial compliance period.
(5) If the initial monitoring for benzene,
				carbon tetrachloride, para-dichlorobenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane,
				1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and vinyl
				chloride and the monitoring for all of the other contaminants listed in section
				11-20-4(d)
				as allowed in paragraph (18) has been completed by December 31, 1992 and the
				system did not detect any contaminant listed in section
				11-20-4(d)
				then each ground and surface water system shall take one sample annually
				beginning with the initial compliance period.
(6) After a minimum of three years of annual
				sampling, the director may allow ground water systems which have no previous
				detection of any contaminant listed in section
				11-20-4(d)
				to take one sample during each compliance period.
(7) Each community and non-transient
				non-community ground water system which does not detect a contaminant listed in
				section
				11-20-4(d)
				may apply to the director for a waiver from the requirements of paragraphs (5)
				and (6) after completing the initial monitoring. (For the purposes of this
				section, detection is defined as greater than or equal to 0.0005 mg/l.) A
				waiver shall be effective for no more than six years (two compliance periods).
				States may also issue waivers to small systems for the initial round of
				monitoring for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene.
(8) The director may grant a waiver after
				evaluating the following factor(s):
(A)
				Knowledge of previous use (including transport, storage, or disposal) of the
				contaminant within the watershed or zone of influence of the system. If a
				determination by the director reveals no previous use of the contaminant within
				the watershed or zone of influence, a waiver may be granted.
(B) If previous use of the contaminant is
				unknown or it has been used previously, then the following factors shall be
				used to determine whether a waiver is granted.
(i)
				 Previous analytical results.
(ii)
				 The proximity of the system to potential point or non-point
				source of contamination. Point sources include spills and leaks of chemicals at
				or near a water treatment facility or at manufacturing, distribution, or
				storage facilities, or from hazardous and municipal waste landfills and other
				waste handling or treatment facilities.
(iii)
				 The environmental persistence and transport of the contaminants.
(iv) The number of persons served
				by the public water system and the proximity of a smaller system to a larger
				system.
(v) How well the water
				source is protected against contamination such as whether it is a surface or
				ground water system. Ground water systems must consider factors such as depth
				of the well, the type of soil, and wellhead protection. Surface water systems
				must consider watershed protection.
(9) As a condition of the waiver a system
				must take one sample at each sampling point during the time the waiver is
				effective (i.e., one sample during two compliance periods or six years), and
				update its vulnerability assessment considering the factors listed in paragraph
				(8). Based on this vulnerability assessment the director must reconfirm that
				the system is non-vulnerable. If the director does not make this reconfirmation
				within three years of the initial determination, then the waiver is invalidated
				and the system is required to sample annually as specified in paragraph
				(5).
(10) Each community and
				non-transient non-community surface water system which does not detect a
				contaminant listed in section
				11-20-4(d)
				may apply to the director for a waiver from the requirements of paragraph (5)
				after completing the initial monitoring. Composite samples from a maximum of
				five sampling points are allowed, provided that the detection limit of the
				method used for analysis is less than one-fifth of the MCL. Systems meeting
				this criteria must be determined by the director to be non-vulnerable based on
				a vulnerability assessment during each compliance period. Each system receiving
				a waiver shall sample at the frequency specified by the director (if
				any).
(11) If a contaminant listed
				in section
				11-20-4(d),
				with the exception of vinyl chloride, is detected at a level exceeding 0.0005
				mg/l in any sample, then:
(A) The system must
				monitor quarterly at each sampling point which resulted in a
				detection.
(B) The director may
				decrease the quarterly monitoring requirement specified in subparagraph (A)
				provided it has determined that the system is reliably and consistently below
				the MCL. In no case shall the director make this determination unless a ground
				water system takes a minimum of two quarterly samples and a surface water
				system takes a minimum of four quarterly samples.
(C) If the director determines that the
				system is reliably and consistently below the MCL, the director may allow the
				system to monitor annually. Systems which monitor annually must monitor during
				the quarter(s) which previously yielded the highest analytical
				result.
(D) Systems which have
				three consecutive annual samples with no detection of a contaminant may apply
				to the director for a waiver as specified in paragraph (7).
(E) Ground water systems which have detected
				one or more of the following two-carbon organic compounds: trichloroethylene,
				tetrachloroethylene,
				1-2-dichloroethane,
				1,1,1-trichloroethane, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, or
				1,1-dichloroethylene shall monitor quarterly for vinyl chloride. A vinyl
				chloride sample shall be taken at each sampling point at which one or more of
				the two-carbon organic compounds was detected. If the results of the first
				analysis do not detect vinyl chloride, the director may reduce the quarterly
				monitoring frequency of vinyl chloride monitoring to one sample during each
				compliance period. Surface water systems are required to monitor for vinyl
				chloride as specified by the director.
(12) Systems which violate the requirements
				of section
				11-20-4(d)
				as determined by paragraph (15) must monitor quarterly. After a minimum of four
				consecutive quarterly samples which show the system is in compliance as
				specified in paragraph (15), and the director determines that the system is
				reliably and consistently below the MCL, the system may monitor at the
				frequency and time specified in paragraph (11)(C).
(13) The director may require a confirmation
				sample for positive or negative results. If a confirmation sample is required
				by the director, the result must be averaged with the first sampling result and
				the average is used for the compliance determination as specified by paragraph
				(15). The director has discretion to delete results of obvious sampling errors
				from this calculation.
(14) The
				director may reduce the total number of samples a system must analyze by
				allowing the use of compositing. Composite samples from a maximum of five
				sampling points are allowed, provided that the detection limit of the method
				used for analysis is less than one-fifth of the MCL. Compositing of samples
				must be done in the laboratory and analyzed within fourteen days of sample
				collection.
(A) If the concentration in the
				composite sample is greater than or equal to 0.0005 mg/l for any contaminant
				listed in section
				11-20-4(d),
				then a follow-up sample must be taken within fourteen days at each sampling
				point included in the composite, and be analyzed for that
				contaminant.
(B) Duplicates may be
				analyzed as specified by section
				11-20-11(a)(4)(C).
(C) Compositing based on population served by
				the system shall be performed as specified in section
				11-20-11(a)(4)(B).
(D) Compositing samples prior to GC analysis
				shall be performed as specified in
				40 C.F.R.
				§
												141.24(f)(14)(iv).
(E) Compositing samples prior to
				GC-MS analysis shall be performed as specified in
				40 C.F.R.
				§
												141.24(f)(14)(v)(A-C).
(15) Compliance with section
				11-20-4(d)
				shall be determined based on the analytical results obtained at each sampling
				point. If one sampling point is in violation of an MCL, the system is in
				violation of the MCL.
(A) For systems
				monitoring more than once per year, compliance with the MCL is determined by a
				running annual average at each sampling point.
(B) Systems monitoring annually or less
				frequently whose sample result exceeds the MCL must begin quarterly sampling.
				The system will not be considered in violation of the MCL until it has
				completed one year of quarterly sampling.
(C)
				 If any sample result will cause the running annual average to
				exceed the MCL at any sampling point, the system is out of compliance with the
				MCL immediately.
(D) If a system
				fails to collect the required number of samples, compliance will be based on
				the total number of samples collected.
(E)
				 If a sample result is less than the detection limit, zero will be
				used to calculate the annual average.
(16) (Reserved)
(17) Analysis under this section shall only
				be conducted by laboratories that are certified by EPA or the director
				according to the conditions as specified in
				40 C.F.R.
				§
											141.24(f)(17).
(18) The director may allow the use of
				monitoring data collected after January 1, 1988 required under section 1445 of
				the Safe Drinking Water Act for purposes of initial monitoring compliance. If
				the data are generally consistent with the other requirements in this section,
				the director may use those data (i.e., a single sample rather than four
				quarterly samples) to satisfy the initial monitoring requirement of paragraph
				(4). Systems which use grandfathered samples and did not detect any contaminant
				listed in section
				11-20-4(d)
				shall begin monitoring annually in accordance with paragraph (5) beginning with
				the initial compliance period.
(19) The director may increase required
				monitoring where necessary to detect variations within the system.
(20) Each certified laboratory must determine
				the method detection limit (MDL), as defined in Appendix B of 40 C.F.R. Part
				136, at which it is capable of detecting VOCs. The acceptable method detection
				limit is 0.0005 mg/l. This concentration is the detection concentration for
				purposes of this section.
(21) Each
				public water system shall monitor at the time designated by the director within
				each compliance period.
(22) All
				new systems or systems that use a new source of water that begin operation
				after January 22, 2004 must demonstrate compliance with the MCL within a period
				of time specified by the director. The system must also comply with the initial
				sampling frequencies specified by the director to ensure that a system can
				demonstrate compliance with the MCL. Routine and increased monitoring
				frequencies shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements of this
				section.