Florida Administrative Code › 62 - DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION › 62 - Departmental › Chapter 62-550 - DRINKING WATER STANDARDS, MONITORING, AND REPORTING › Section 62-550.200 - Definitions for Public Water Systems

Current through Reg. 50, No. 138; July 16, 2024
For the purpose of this chapter and Chapters 62-555 and
				  62-560, F.A.C., the following words, phrases, or terms shall have the following
				  meaning:
(1) "Action Level" is the
				concentration of lead or copper in water specified in
				40 C.F.R. §
										141.80(c) (July 1, 2011),
				which is incorporated by reference in Rule
				 62-550.800, F.A.C., which
				determines, in some cases, the treatment requirements contained in  40 C.F.R
				Part 141, Subpart I (July 1, 2011), which is incorporated by reference in Rule
				62-550.800, F.A.C., that a system is required to complete.
(2) "Adequate Protection by Treatment" means
				any one or any combination of the controlled processes of coagulation,
				sedimentation, absorption, adsorption, filtration, or other processes in
				addition to disinfection which produce a water that consistently meets the
				requirements of the standards in Rules
				 62-550.310 through 62-550.410,
				F.A.C., including processes which are appropriate to the source of supply;
				systems which are of adequate capacity to meet maximum demands without creating
				health hazards and which are located, designed, and constructed to eliminate or
				prevent violations of these rules; and conscientious operation by well-trained
				and competent personnel who meet the requirements of Chapters 62-602 and
				62-699, F.A.C.
(3) "Annular Space"
				means the space between two casings or the space between the outer casing and
				the wall of the bore hole.
(4)
				"Approved County Health Department" means county health departments designated
				by the Department of Health and approved by the Department as having qualified
				sanitary engineering staffs to perform the duties described in Section
				 403.862(1)(c),
				F.S.
(5) "Bag Filters" are
				pressure-driven separation devices that remove particulate matter larger than 1
				micrometer using an engineered porous filtration media. They are typically
				constructed of a non-rigid, fabric filtration media housed in a pressure vessel
				in which the direction of flow is from the inside of the bag to outside.
				(40 C.F.R. §
										141.2 (July 1, 2011)).
(6) "Bank Filtration" is a water treatment
				process that uses a well to recover surface water that has naturally
				infiltrated into ground water through a river bed or bank(s). Infiltration is
				typically enhanced by the hydraulic gradient imposed by a nearby pumping water
				supply or other well(s). (40
				C.F.R. §
										141.2 (July 1,
				2011)).
(7) "Best Available
				Technology" or "BAT" means the best technology, treatment techniques, or other
				means promulgated by EPA and adopted by the Department. In promulgating BAT the
				EPA examines the efficacy under field conditions and not solely under
				laboratory conditions, and takes costs into consideration when determining what
				technology or treatment technique is available.
(8) "Bottled Water" means water that is
				containerized or packaged and offered for human consumption or other consumer
				usage.
(9) Capacity Development"
				means the process of water systems acquiring and maintaining adequate
				technical, managerial, and financial capabilities to enable them to
				consistently provide safe drinking water.
(10) "Cartridge Filters" are pressure-driven
				separation devices that remove particulate matter larger than 1 micrometer
				using an engineered porous filtration media. They are typically constructed as
				rigid or semi-rigid, self-supporting filter elements housed in pressure vessels
				in which flow is from the outside of the cartridge to the inside.
				(40 C.F.R. §
										141.2 (July 1, 2011))
(11) "Casing" means the tubular material used
				to shut off or exclude a stratum or strata other than the source bed and
				conduct water from only the source bed to the surface.
(12) "Check Sample" means a sample analysis
				or analyses used to confirm the results of another sample. Each sample for the
				analysis shall be taken or measured at the same location in the water system as
				the original sample.
(13) "Clean
				Compliance History" is, for the purposes of          40 C.F.R. Part 141, Subpart Y,
				which is incorporated by reference in Rule
				 62-550.830, F.A.C., a record of
				no MCL violations under 40
				C.F.R. §
										141.63, as incorporated in
				subsection  62-550.310(5),
				F.A.C.; no monitoring violations under
				40 C.F.R. §
										141.21, as incorporated in Rule
				 62-550.518, F.A.C., or  40 C.F.R.
				Part 141, Subpart Y; and no coliform treatment technique trigger exceedances or
				treatment technique violations under 40 C.F.R. Part 141, Subpart Y.
				(40 C.F.R. §
										141.2 revised as of July 1, 2014.) This
				subsection shall be effective on July 7, 2015.
(14) "Coagulation" means a process using
				coagulant chemicals and mixing by which colloidal and suspended materials are
				destabilized and agglomerated into flocs.
(15) "Combined Distribution System" is the
				interconnected distribution system consisting of the distribution systems of
				wholesale systems and of the consecutive systems that receive finished water.
				(40 C.F.R. §
										141.2 (July 1, 2011))
(16) "Commencement of Operations" means the
				beginning of the service of furnishing water treated by the water system to the
				consumers.
(17) "Community Water
				System" (CWS) means a public water system that serves at least 15 service
				connections used by year-round residents or regularly serves at least 25
				year-round residents.
(18)
				"Coompliance Cycle" means the nine-year cycle during which public water systems
				must monitor. Each compliance cycle consists of three-year compliance periods.
				The first compliance cycle begins January 1, 1993 and ends December 31, 2001;
				the second begins January 1, 2002 and ends December 31, 2010; the third begins
				January 1, 2011 and ends December 31, 2019.
(19) "Compliance Period" means a three-year
				period within a compliance cycle. Each compliance cycle has three three-year
				compliance periods. Within the first compliance cycle, the first compliance
				period runs from January 1, 1993 to December 31, 1995; the second from January
				1, 1996 to December 31, 1998; the third from January 1, 1999 to December 31,
				2001.
(20) "Comprehensive
				Performance Evaluation (CPE)" is a thorough review and analysis of a treatment
				plant's performance-based capabilities and associated administrative, operation
				and maintenance practices. It is conducted to identify factors that may be
				adversely impacting a plant's capability to achieve compliance and emphasizes
				approaches that can be implemented without significant capital improvements.
				For purpose of compliance with Subparts P and T of 40 C.F.R. Part 141 (which
				are incorporated by reference in paragraphs
				 62-550.817(3)(a) and
				(b), F.A.C.), the comprehensive performance
				evaluation must consist of at least the following components: Assessment of
				plant performance, evaluation of major unit processes, identification and
				prioritization of performance limiting factors; assessment of the applicability
				of comprehensive technical assistance; and preparation of a CPE report.
				(40 C.F.R. §
										141.2 (July 1, 2011))
(21) "Confirmation Sample" means a sample
				analysis or analyses taken to verify the results of an original analysis. Each
				sample for the analysis shall be taken or measured at the same location in the
				water system as the original sample. The results of the confirmation samples
				shall be averaged with the original sample to determine compliance.
(22) "Confluent Growth" means a continuous
				bacterial growth covering the entire filtration area of a membrane filter used
				for coliform detection, or a portion thereof, in which bacterial colonies are
				not discrete.
(23) "Consecutive
				System" is a public water system that receives some or all of its finished
				water from one or more wholesale systems. Delivery may be through a direct
				connection or through the distribution system of one or more consecutive
				systems. (40 C.F.R. §
										141.2 (July 1, 2011)
(24) "Contaminant" means any physical,
				chemical, biological, or radiological substance or matter in water.
(25) "Conventional Filtration Treatment"
				means a series of processes including coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation,
				and filtration resulting in substantial particulate removal.
(26) "Corrosion Inhibitor" means a substance
				capable of reducing the corrosivity of water toward metal plumbing materials,
				especially lead and copper, by forming a protective film on the interior
				surface of those materials.
(27)
				"Cross-Connection" means any physical arrangement whereby a public water supply
				is connected, directly or indirectly, with any other water supply system,
				sewer, drain, conduit, pool, storage reservoir, plumbing fixture, or other
				device which contains or may contain contaminated water, sewage or other waste,
				or liquid of unknown or unsafe quality which may be capable of imparting
				contamination to the public water supply as the result of backflow. By-pass
				arrangements, jumper connections, removable sections, swivel or changeable
				devices, and other temporary or permanent devices through which or because of
				which backflow could occur are considered to be cross-connections.
(28) "CT" or "CTcalc" is the product of
				''residual disinfectant concentration'' (C) in mg/L determined before or at the
				first customer, and the corresponding ''disinfectant contact time'' (T) in
				minutes, i.e., ''C'' x ''T''. If a public water system applies disinfectants at
				more than one point prior to the first customer, it must determine the CT of
				each disinfectant sequence before or at the first customer to determine the
				total percent inactivation or ''total inactivation ratio.'' In determining the
				total inactivation ratio, the public water system must determine the residual
				disinfectant concentration of each disinfection sequence and corresponding
				contact time before any subsequent disinfection application point(s).
				''CT99.9'' is the CT value required for 99.9 percent
				(3-log) inactivation of
Giardia lamblia
cysts.
				CT99.9 for a variety of disinfectants and conditions
				appear in Tables 1.1 - 1.6, 2.1, and 3.1 of
				40 C.F.R. §
										141.74(b)(3) (which is
				incorporated by reference in subsection
				 62-550.817(2),
				F.A.C.). (CTcalc)/(CT99.9) is the inactivation ratio.
				The sum of the inactivation ratios, or total inactivation ratio shown as
				+[(CTcalc)/(CT99.9)] is calculated by adding together
				the inactivation ratio for each disinfection sequence. A total inactivation
				ratio equal to or greater than 1.0 is assumed to provide a 3-log inactivation
				of
Giardia lamblia
cysts. (40 C.F.R. §
										141.2 (July 1, 2011))
(29) "Department" means the Department of
				Environmental Protection (DEP) and the Approved County Health Departments, and,
				where the context is appropriate, their employees.
(30) "Diatomaceous Earth Filtration" means a
				process resulting in substantial particulate removal in which a precoat cake of
				diatomaceous earth filter media is deposited on a support membrane (septum);
				and, while the water is filtered by passing through the cake on the septum,
				additional filter media known as body feed is continuously added to the feed
				water to maintain the permeability of the filter cake.
(31) "Direct Filtration" means a series of
				processes including coagulation and filtration but excluding sedimentation
				resulting in substantial particulate removal.
(32) "Disinfectant" means any oxidant,
				including but not limited to chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloramines, and ozone
				added to water in any part of the treatment or distribution process, that is
				intended to kill or inactivate pathogenic microorganisms.
(33) "Disinfectant Contact Time" ("T" in CT
				calculations) means the time in minutes that it takes for water to move from
				the point of disinfectant application or the previous point of disinfectant
				residual measurement to a point before or at the point where residual
				disinfectant concentration ("C") is measured. Disinfectant contact time in
				pipelines shall be calculated based on "plug flow" by dividing the internal
				volume of the pipe by the maximum hourly flow rate through that pipe.
				Disinfectant contact time within mixing basins and storage reservoirs shall be
				determined by tracer studies or in accordance with Appendix C or O of the
				guidance manual adopted in subsection
				 62-555.335(1),
				F.A.C.
(34) "Disinfection" means a
				process which inactivates pathogenic organisms in water by chemical oxidants or
				equivalent agents.
(35)
				"Disinfection Profile" is a summary of daily
Giardia lamblia
inactivation through the treatment plant. The procedure for developing a
				disinfection profile is contained in Rule 62-550.817, F.A.C.
(36) "Domestic or other Non-Distribution
				System Plumbing Problem" means a coliform contamination problem in a public
				water system with more than one service connection that is limited to the
				specific service connection from which the coliform-positive sample was
				taken.
(37) "Dose Equivalent" means
				the product of the absorbed dose from ionizing radiation and such factors as
				account for differences in biological effectiveness due to the type of
				radiation and its distribution in the body, specified by the International
				Commission on Radiological Units and Measurements (ICRU).
(38) "Dual Sample Set" is a set of two
				samples collected at the same time and same location, with one sample analyzed
				for TTHM and the other sample analyzed for HAA5. Dual sample sets are collected
				for the purpose of conducting an IDSE under Subpart U of  40 C.F.R. Part 141
				 (which is incorporated by reference in Rule
				 62-550.822, F.A.C.) and for the
				purpose of determining compliance with the TTHM and HAA5 MCLs under Subpart V
				of 40 C.F.R. Part 141 (which is incorporated by reference in Rule 62-550.822,
				F.A.C.). (40 C.F.R. §
										141.2 (July 1, 2011))
(39) "Effective Corrosion Inhibitor Residual,
				" for the purpose of 40 C.F.R. Part 141, Subpart I (July 1, 2011), which is
				incorporated by reference in Rule 62-550.800, F.A.C., means a concentration
				sufficient to form a passivating film on the interior walls of a
				pipe.
(40) "Enhanced Coagulation"
				means the addition of sufficient coagulant for improved removal of disinfection
				byproduct precursors by conventional filtration treatment.
(41) "Enhanced Softening" means the improved
				removal of disinfection byproduct precursors by precipitative
				softening.
(42) "Exemption" means
				approval from the Department affording a public water system an extended time
				for compliance with an applicable maximum contaminant level, maximum residual
				disinfectant level, or treatment technique requirement due to compelling
				factors (which may include time, legal, or economic factors).
(43) "Filter Profile" means a graphical
				representation of individual filter performance, based on continuous turbidity
				measurements or total particle counts versus time for an entire filter run,
				from startup to backwash inclusively, and includes an assessment of filter
				performance while another filter is being backwashed.
(44) "Filtration" means a process for
				removing particulate matter from water by passage through porous
				media.
(45) "Finished Water" is
				water that is introduced into the distribution system of a public water system
				and is intended for distribution and consumption without further treatment,
				except treatment as necessary to maintain water quality in the distribution
				system (e.g., booster disinfection or addition of corrosion control chemicals).
				(40 C.F.R. §
										141.2 (July 1, 2011))
(46) "First Draw Sample" means a one-liter
				sample of tap water, collected in accordance with
				40 C.F.R. §
										141.86(b)(2) (July 1, 2011),
				which is incorporated by reference in Rule 62-550.800, F.A.C., that has been
				standing in plumbing pipes at least 6 hours and is collected without flushing
				the tap.
(47) "Flocculation" means
				a process to enhance agglomeration or collection of smaller floc particles into
				larger, more easily settleable particles through gentle stirring by hydraulic
				or mechanical means.
(48) "Flowing
				Stream" is a course of running water flowing in a definite channel.
				(40 C.F.R. §
										141.2 (July 1, 2011))
(49) "GAC10" means granular activated carbon
				filter beds with an empty-bed contact time of 10 minutes based on average daily
				flow and a carbon reactivation frequency of every 180 days, except that the
				reactivation frequency for GAC10 used as a best available technology for
				compliance with 40 C.F.R. Part 141, Subpart V (Stage 2) MCLs under
				40 C.F.R. §
										141.64(b)(2) (which is
				incorporated in sub-subparagraph
				 62-550.310(3)(b) 
				2.a., F.A.C.), shall be 120 days. (40 C.F.R. §
										141.2 (July 1,
				2011))
(50) "GAC20" means granular
				activated carbon filter beds with an empty-bed contact time of 20 minutes based
				on average daily flow and a carbon reactivation frequency of every 240 days.
				(40 C.F.R. §
										141.2 (July 1, 2011))
(51) "Gross Alpha Particle Activity" means
				the total radioactivity due to alpha particle emission as inferred from
				measurements on a dry sample.
(52)
				"Gross Beta Particle Activity" means the total radioactivity due to beta
				particle emission as inferred from measurements of a dry sample.
(53) "Ground Water under the Direct Invluence
				of Surface Water" means any water beneath the surface of the ground with:
(a) Significant occurrence of insects or
				other macroorganisms, algae, or large-diameter pathogens such as
Giardia lamblia
or
Cryptosporidium
,
				or
(b) Significant and relatively
				rapid shifts in water characteristics such as turbidity, temperature,
				conductivity, or pH which closely correlate to climatological or surface water
				conditions. Direct influence shall be determined for individual sources in
				accordance with criteria established by the Department in subparagraph
				 62-550.817(2)(a) 
				1., F.A.C.