Hawaii Administrative Rules › Title 11 - DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH › Subtitle 1 - GENERAL DEPARTMENTAL PROVISIONS › Chapter 268 - HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT LAND DISPOSAL RESTRICTIONS › Subchapter D - TREATMENT STANDARDS › Section 11-268-42 - Treatment standards expressed as specified technologies

Current through June, 2024
Note: For the requirements previously found in this
					 section in Table 2-Technology-Based Standards By RCRA Waste Code, and Table
					 3-Technology-Based Standards for Specific Radioactive Hazardous Mixed Waste,
					 refer to section
					 11-268-40.
(a) The following wastes in paragraphs (a)(1)
				  and (a)(2) and in the table in section 11-268-40 "Treatment Standards for
				  Hazardous Wastes, " for which standards are expressed as a treatment method
				  rather than a concentration level, must be treated using the technology or
				  technologies specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) and Table 1.
(1) Liquid hazardous wastes containing
				  polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at concentrations greater than or equal to
				  fifty ppm but less than five-hundred ppm must be incinerated in accordance with
				  the technical requirements of
				  40
				  CFR 761.70 or burned in high efficiency
				  boilers in accordance with the technical requirements of
				  40 CFR
				  761.60. Liquid hazardous wastes containing
				  polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at concentrations greater than or equal to
				  five-hundred ppm must be incinerated in accordance with the technical
				  requirements of
				  40
				  CFR 761.70. Thermal treatment under this
				  section must also be in compliance with applicable regulations in chapters
				  11-264, 11-265, and 11-266.
(2)
				  Nonliquid hazardous wastes containing halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) in
				  total concentration greater than or equal to one-thousand mg/kg and liquid
				  HOC-containing wastes that are prohibited under paragraph 11-268-32(e)(1) must
				  be incinerated in accordance with the requirements of chapter 11-264,
				  Subchapter O, or chapter 11-265, Subchapter O. These treatment standards do not
				  apply where the waste is subject to a chapter 11-268, subchapter D, treatment
				  standard for a specific HOC (such as a hazardous waste chlorinated solvent for
				  which a treatment standard is established under subsection 11-268-41(a)
				  ).
(3) A mixture consisting of
				  wastewater, the discharge of which is subject to regulation under either
				  section 402 or section 307(b) of the Federal Clean Water Act, and de minimis
				  losses of materials from manufacturing operations in which these materials are
				  used as raw materials or are produced as products in the manufacturing process,
				  and that meet the criteria of the D001 ignitable liquids containing greater
				  than 10 percent total organic constituents (TOC) subcategory, is subject to the
				  DEACT treatment standard described in Table 1 of this section. For purposes of
				  this paragraph, de minimis losses include those from normal material handling
				  operations (e.g., spills from the unloading or transfer of materials from bins
				  or other containers, leaks from pipes, valves or other devices used to transfer
				  materials); minor leaks from process equipment, storage tanks, or containers;
				  leaks from well-maintained pump packings and seals; sample purgings; and relief
				  device discharges.
Table 1.-Technology Codes and
								Description of Technology-Based Standards
Technology code
Description of technology-based standards
ADGAS:
Venting of compressed gases into an absorbing or
								reacting media (i.e., solid or liquid)-venting can be accomplished through
								physical release utilizing valves/piping; physical penetration of the
								container; and/or penetration through detonation.
AMLGM:
Amalgamation of liquid, elemental mercury
								contaminated with radioactive materials utilizing inorganic reagents such as
								copper, zinc, nickel, gold, and sulfur that result in a nonliquid, semi-solid
								amalgam and thereby reducing potential emissions of elemental mercury vapors to
								the air.
BIODG:
Biodegradation of organics or non-metallic
								inorganics (i.e., degradable inorganics that contain the elements of
								phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur) in units operated under either aerobic or
								anaerobic conditions such that a surrogate compound or indicator parameter has
								been substantially reduced in concentration in the residuals (e.g., Total
								Organic Carbon can often be used as an indicator parameter for the
								biodegradation of many organic constituents that cannot be directly analyzed in
								wastewater residues).
CARBN:
Carbon adsorption (granulated or powdered) of
								non-metallic inorganics, organo-metallics, and/or organic constituents,
								operated such that a surrogate compound or indicator parameter has not
								undergone breakthrough (e.g., Total Organic Carbon can often be used as an
								indicator parameter for the adsorption of many organic constituents that cannot
								be directly analyzed in wastewater residues). Breakthrough occurs when the
								carbon has become saturated with the constituent (or indicator parameter) and
								substantial change in adsorption rate associated with that constituent occurs.
CHOXD:
Chemical or electrolytic oxidation utilizing the
								following oxidation reagents (or waste reagents) or combinations of reagents:
								(1) Hypochlorite (e.g. bleach); (2) chlorine; (3) chlorine dioxide; (4) ozone
								or UV (ultraviolet light) assisted ozone; (5) peroxides; (6) persulfates; (7)
								perchlorates; (8) permangantes; and/or (9) other oxidizing reagents of
								equivalent efficiency, performed in units operated such that a surrogate
								compound or indicator parameter has been substantially reduced in concentration
								in the residuals (e.g., Total Organic Carbon can often be used as an indicator
								parameter for the oxidation of many organic constituents that cannot be
								directly analyzed in wastewater residues). Chemical oxidation specifically
								includes what is commonly referred to as alkaline chlorination.
CHRED:
Chemical reduction utilizing the following reducing
								reagents (or waste reagents) or combinations of reagents: (1) Sulfur dioxide;
								(2) sodium, potassium, or alkali salts or sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites,
								and polyethylene glycols (e.g., NaPEG and KPEG); (3) sodium hydrosulfide; (4)
								ferrous salts; and/or (5) other reducing reagents of equivalent efficiency,
								performed in units operated such that a surrogate compound or indicator
								parameter has been substantially reduced in concentration in the residuals
								(e.g., Total Organic Halogens can often be used as an indicator parameter for
								the reduction of many halogenated organic constituents that cannot be directly
								analyzed in wastewater residues). Chemical reduction is commonly used for the
								reduction of hexavalent chromium to the trivalent state.
CMBST:
High temperature organic destruction technologies,
								such as combustion in incinerators, boilers, or industrial furnaces operated in
								accordance with the applicable requirements of 40 CFR part 264, Subpart O, or
								40 CFR part 265, Subpart O, or 40 CFR part 266, subpart H, and in other units
								operated in accordance with applicable technical operating requirements; and
								certain non-combustive technologies, such as the Catalytic Extraction Process.
DEACT:
Deactivation to remove the hazardous characteristics
								of a waste due to its ignitability, corrosivity, and/or reactivity.
FSUBS:
Fuel substitution in units operated in accordance
								with applicable technical operating requirements.
HLVIT:
Vitrification of high level mixed radioactive wastes
								in units in compliance with all applicable radioactive protection requirements
								under control of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
IMERC:
Incineration of wastes containing organics and
								mercury in units operated in accordance with the technical operating
								requirements of 40 CFR part 264 Subpart O and part 265 Subpart O. All
								wastewater and nonwastewater residues derived from this process must then
								comply with the corresponding treatment standards per waste code with
								consideration of any applicable subcategories (e.g., High or Low Mercury
								Subcategories).
INCIN:
Incineration in units operated in accordance with
								the technical operating requirements of 40 CFR part 264 Subpart O and part 265
								Subpart O.
LLEXT:
Liquid-liquid extraction (often referred to as
								solvent extraction) of organics from liquid wastes into an immiscible solvent
								for which the hazardous constituents have a greater solvent affinity, resulting
								in an extract high in organics that must undergo either incineration, reuse as
								a fuel, or other recovery/reuse and a raffinate (extracted liquid waste)
								proportionately low in organics that must undergo further treatment as
								specified in the standard.
MACRO:
Macroencapsulation with surface coating materials
								such as polymeric organics (e.g. resins and plastics) or with a jacket of inert
								inorganic materials to substantially reduce surface exposure to potential
								leaching media. Macroencapsulation specifically does not include any material
								that would be classified as a tank or container according to
								40 CFR
								260.10.
NEUTR:
Neutralization with the following reagents (or waste
								reagents) or combinations of reagents: (1) Acids; (2) bases; or (3) water
								(including wastewaters) resulting in a pH greater than 2 but less than 12.5 as
								measured in the aqueous residuals.
NLDBR:
No land disposal based on recycling.
PRECP:
Chemical precipitation of metals and other
								inorganics as insoluble precipitates of oxides, hydroxides, carbonates,
								sulfides, sulfates, chlorides, flourides, or phosphates. The following reagents
								(or waste reagents) are typically used alone or in combination: (1) Lime (i.e.,
								containing oxides and/or hydroxides of calcium and/or magnesium; (2) caustic
								(i.e., sodium and/or potassium hydroxides; (3) soda ash (i.e., sodium
								carbonate); (4) sodium sulfide; (5) ferric sulfate or ferric chloride; (6)
								alum; or (7) sodium sulfate. Additional floculating, coagulation or similar
								reagents/processes that enhance sludge dewatering characteristics are not
								precluded from use.
RBERY:
Thermal recovery of Beryllium.
RCGAS:
Recovery/reuse of compressed gases including
								techniques such as reprocessing of the gases for reuse/resale;
								filtering/adsorption of impurities; remixing for direct reuse or resale; and
								use of the gas as a fuel source.
RCORR:
Recovery of acids or bases utilizing one or more of
								the following recovery technologies: (1) Distillation (i.e., thermal
								concentration); (2) ion exchange; (3) resin or solid adsorption; (4) reverse
								osmosis; and/or (5) incineration for the recovery of acid-Note: this does not
								preclude the use of other physical phase separation or concentration techniques
								such as decantation, filtration (including ultrafiltration), and
								centrifugation, when used in conjunction with the above listed recovery
								technologies.
RLEAD:
Thermal recovery of lead in secondary lead smelters.
RMERC:
Retorting or roasting in a thermal processing unit
								capable of volatilizing mercury and subsequently condensing the volatilized
								mercury for recovery. The retorting or roasting unit (or facility) must be
								subject to one or more of the following: (a) a National Emissions Standard for
								Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for mercury; (b) a Best Available Control
								Technology (BACT) or a Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER) standard for
								mercury imposed pursuant to a Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)
								permit; or (c) a state permit that establishes emission limitations (within
								meaning of section 302 of the Clean Air Act) for mercury. All wastewater and
								nonwastewater residues derived from this process must then comply with the
								corresponding treatment standards per waste code with consideration of any
								applicable subcategories (e.g., High or Low Mercury Subcategories).
RMETL:
Recovery of metals or inorganics utilizing one or
								more of the following direct physical/removal technologies: (1) Ion exchange;
								(2) resin or solid (i.e., zeolites) adsorption; (3) reverse osmosis; (4)
								chelation/solvent extraction; (5) freeze crystalization; (6) ultrafiltration
								and/or (7) simple precipitation (i.e., crystalization) - Note: This does not
								preclude the use of other physical phase separation or concentration techniques
								such as decantation, filtration (including ultrafiltration), and
								centrifugation, when used in conjunction with the above listed recovery
								technologies.
RORGS:
Recovery of organics utilizing one or more of the
								following technologies: (1) Distillation; (2) thin film evaporation; (3) steam
								stripping; (4) carbon adsorption; (5) critical fluid extraction; (6)
								liquid-liquid extraction; (7) precipitation/crystalization (including freeze
								crystallization); or (8) chemical phase separation techniques (i.e., addition
								of acids, bases, demulsifiers, or similar chemicals); - Note: this does not
								preclude the use of other physical phase separation techniques such as a
								decantation, filtration (including ultrafiltration), and centrifugation, when
								used in conjunction with the above listed recovery technologies.
RTHRM:
Thermal recovery of metals or inorganics from
								nonwastewaters in units identified as industrial furnaces according to
								40 CFR
								260.10(1), (6), (7), (11), and
								(12) under the definition of "industrial
								furnaces".
RZINC:
Resmelting in high temperature metal recovery units
								for the purpose of recovery of zinc.
STABL:
Stabilization with the following reagents (or waste
								reagents) or combinations of reagents: (1) Portland cement; or (2)
								lime/pozzolans (e.g., fly ash and cement kiln dust) - this does not preclude
								the addition of reagents (e.g., iron salts, silicates, and clays) designed to
								enhance the set/cure time and/or compressive strength, or to overall reduce the
								leachability of the metal or inorganic.
SSTRP:
Steam stripping of organics from liquid wastes
								utilizing direct application of steam to the wastes operated such that liquid
								and vapor flow rates, as well as, temperature and pressure ranges have been
								optimized, monitored, and maintained. These operating parameters are dependent
								upon the design parameters of the unit such as, the number of separation stages
								and the internal column design. Thus, resulting in a condensed extract high in
								organics that must undergo either incineration, reuse as a fuel, or other
								recovery/re use and an extracted wastewater that must undergo further treatment
								as specified in the standard.
WETOX:
Wet air oxidation performed in units operated such
								that a surrogate compound or indicator parameter has been substantially reduced
								in concentration in the residuals (e.g., Total Organic Carbon can often be used
								as an indicator parameter for the oxidation of many organic constituents that
								cannot be directly analyzed in wastewater residues).
WTRRX:
Controlled reaction with water for highly reactive
								inorganic or organic chemicals with precautionary controls for protection of
								workers from potential violent reactions as well as precautionary controls for
								potential emissions of toxic/ignitable levels of gases released during the
								reaction.