Arkansas Administrative Code › Agency 109 - Arkansas Development Finance Authority › Division 04 - Multi-Family Housing › Rule 109.04.07-001 - Compliance Monitoring Policies and Procedures Manual for the Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) Program

Current through Register Vol. 49, No. 6, June, 2024
SECTION
			 I
- GENERAL INFORMATION
I.A
INTRODUCTION
The Arkansas Development Finance Authority ("ADFA" or the
				"Authority"), a public body politic and corporate, with corporate succession,
				was created May 1, 1985 by Act 1062. This act abolished the former Arkansas
				Housing Development Agency that had existed since 1977. The former agency had
				as its sole purpose to sell tax-exempt bonds and use the proceeds to develop
				safe, decent, sanitary and affordable housing for low and moderate income
				Arkansans. All records, funds, properties, obligations, debts, functions,
				powers and duties were transferred to ADFA, which sells both taxable and
				non-taxable bonds and supports programs not only for housing but also for
				economic development, agriculture, aquaculture, export finance, government
				finance, and tourism development.
This Policies and Procedures Manual presents an overview of
				ADFA's policies as they pertain to compliance monitoring for the Low Income
				Housing Tax Credit ("LIHTC") Program. The procedures are designed to assist
				owners and managers of developments that have received an allocation pursuant
				to the LIHTC Program to ensure that the developments remain in compliance with
				Section 42 of the Internal Revenue Code ("the Code"). The procedures are not
				intended to be all-inclusive. In the event of a conflict or inaccuracy, the
				Code will control. If the development has received a combination of funds from
				other government entities, owners must follow the most restrictive regulations.
				For instance, an owner may have received funds under a governmental program in
				which he agreed to rent a certain number of units to persons earning 40% or
				less of the area median income. The owner must be sure to satisfy this
				restriction in addition to the applicable LIHTC area median income limit.
				Employees and officers of ADFA are not liable for any adverse consequences that
				affect the taxpayer or investor relative to compliance with the federal tax
				code. ADFA reserves the right to implement additional policies as needed. Also,
				new rulings or other changes may be made periodically. Owners are responsible
				for compliance with any amendments or updates to the federal
				regulations.
Any questions regarding this Manual should be directed
				to:
Compliance Monitoring Department Arkansas Development Finance
				Authority P. O. Box 8023 Little Rock, AR 72203-8023 Telephone: (501) 682-5900
				Telecopy: (501) 682-5859
T:\WORD\2007 Changes to Procedures Manuals\LIHTC 07
				Manual.doc
I.B
BACKGROUND
Congress created the LIHTC Program under the Tax Reform Act of
				1986. The LIHTC Program, governed by Section 42 of the Internal Revenue Code,
				began in 1987. The tax credit is a dollar-for-dollar reduction in tax liability
				to investors in exchange for equity participation in the construction or
				acquisition and rehabilitation of rental housing that will remain income and
				rent restricted for an extended period of time. Tax credits are allocated by
				ADFA for properties located in Arkansas. After ADFA allocates the tax credits
				to developers, the developers typically sell the credits to private investors.
				The private investors use the tax credits to offset taxes otherwise owed on
				their tax returns. The money private investors pay for the credits is paid into
				the projects as equity financing. Equity financing is used to fill the gap
				between development costs for a project and the non-tax credit financing
				sources, such as mortgages, that could be expected to be repaid from rental
				income. In awarding the credits, ADFA attempts to provide sufficient credits to
				ensure the project's financial feasibility throughout the 15-year tax credit
				compliance period. ADFA must consider any proceeds or receipts expected to be
				generated through tax benefits, the percentage of housing credit dollar amounts
				used for project costs other than the cost of intermediaries, and the
				reasonableness of developmental and operational costs. Generally, ADFA will
				compare the proposed project's developmental costs with the nontax credit
				financing, both private and governmental. The difference between the
				development costs and the nontax credit financing is the financing gap. Tax
				credits are used to attract the equity investment needed to fill the gap, but
				are limited to a ceiling. Under Section 42 of the Code, the ceiling on tax
				credits limits the present value of the 10-year stream of tax benefits to:
(1) 70 percent of the qualified basis
			 for new construction or substantial rehabilitation of each qualified low-income
			 building; or
(2) 30 percent of the
			 qualified basis of acquired buildings that are substantially rehabilitated.
ADFA is also designated as Arkansas' LIHTC compliance
				monitoring agency. Crucial elements of compliance are ensuring that the
				appropriate number of tax credit units is occupied by eligible households,
				following income eligibility guidelines and restricting rents over a specified
				time period. ADFA also monitors to ensure LIHTC properties are decent, safe,
				sanitary, and in good repair. ADFA is available to provide guidance to owners
				in maintaining continuous compliance with federal and state LIHTC guidelines
				throughout the compliance period.
I.C
CREDIT PERIOD AND
			 COMPLIANCE PERIOD
Generally, owners must place the projects in service within two
				(2) years of carryover allocation or return the credits to ADFA for
				reallocation to other projects. Once a development is placed in service, it is
				generally eligible for the tax credit every year for ten (10) years. To
				continue generating the credit and avoid recapture, an LIHTC building must
				satisfy specific tax credit compliance rules for fifteen (15) years. In cases
				where 100% low-income occupancy is not achieved during the first tax credit
				year, (for example, either due to unqualified tenants or inability to find
				qualified tenants to qualify units) there will be possible increases in
				qualified basis in subsequent years. In such cases, excess qualified basis
				shall have the percentage equal to 2/3 of the applicable fraction applied, thus
				extending the tax credits claimed over the 15-year compliance period. The tax
				credits may be generated annually on a building-by-building basis beginning
				either with the taxable year in which the building is placed in service or, at
				the election of the taxpayer (owner), the succeeding taxable year.
For buildings placed in service in 1987, the credit was taken
				at annual rates of 9 percent (for the 70 percent value credit) and 4 percent
				(for the 30 percent value credit). Three types of credit are available for
				low-income buildings placed in service after 1987. The first type of credit is
				a 9 percent annual credit for the cost of a new building or qualifying
				rehabilitation costs, without a federal subsidy. The second type of credit is a
				4 percent annual credit for the cost of a new building or substantial
				rehabilitation built with a federal subsidy. The third type of credit is a 4
				percent annual credit for the cost of buying an existing building for which
				substantial rehabilitation expenditures are also incurred. Although the 9
				percent and 4 percent credits are called 9 percent and 4 percent, the figures
				are actually estimates. The IRS sets the figures each month based upon
				fluctuating interest rates. A project can qualify for one of the three credits
				or a combination of the credits.
Low income housing tax credit amounts are based on the cost of
				a building and the portion of the project that low-income households occupy.
				The cost of acquiring, rehabilitating, and constructing a building constitutes
				the building's eligible basis. The portion of the eligible basis attributable
				to low-income units is the building's qualified basis. Generally, the qualified
				basis excludes the cost of land. Developers are urged to consult legal counsel,
				as other costs may be excluded.
Low-income housing tax credit projects that use federal
				subsidies generally receive a smaller credit. If federally subsidized loans are
				used to finance substantial rehabilitation or new construction, either the
				eligible basis of the building must be reduced or the 30% credit must be used.
				Federally subsidized loans include below-market federal loans and tax-exempt
				financing.
The compliance period for any building is the period beginning
				on the first day of the first taxable year of the credit period of such
				building and ending fifteen (15) years from such date. Beginning in 1990, ADFA
				implemented the Land Use Restriction Agreement ("LURA"), which extended the
				compliance period for an additional fifteen-year period. The LURA, recorded in
				the real estate records of the county in which the development is located, is a
				binding agreement of the owner and any successors to maintain specific
				occupancy and affordability requirements for the development.
Projects placed in service before the use of the LURA (1987,
				1988, 1989,) must comply with the initial 15-year compliance period only. In
				reference to those projects, ADFA will review the IRS form 8609 to determine
				the year the owner claimed the tax credits. If there is no completed copy of
				the IRS form 8609 available, ADFA staff will ask the project owner to confirm
				the credit year. Upon determining that the 15-year compliance period has
expired, ADFA will notify the owner that the compliance period
				has ended and that ADFA will no longer conduct physical or tenant file
				audits.
After the initial 15-year compliance period, ADFA will continue
				to monitor developments with extended use agreements. ADFA intends to enforce
				the terms and agreements set forth in the Land Use Restriction Agreement and
				Declaration of Restrictive Covenants for the Low Income Housing Tax Credits
				("LURA") and ADFA's Compliance Monitoring Policies and Procedures Manual for
				the LIHTC Program. ADFA will not modify any of the Section 42 requirements.
				Owners will be allowed specific time periods, as deemed appropriate by ADFA, to
				correct items of noncompliance.
Remedies for noncompliance include, but are not limited to, the
				following:
* Temporary suspension or permanent expulsion from
				participation in the LIHTC, HOME, or any other program administered by
				ADFA;
* Notification to other lenders or agencies that provided
				funding for the project;
* Notification to the limited partners, syndicators, board of
				trustees, or any other affiliate of the project; and
* Legal action.
I.D
FOUR TAX CREDIT
			 REGULATION PERIODS
Since the 1986 enactment of the LIHTC, Congress has changed or
				amended the laws governing the program, yet many changes have not been
				retroactive. In some cases, the change in regulations brought forth by a
				technical correction is minor; in others, the effect is substantial. Owners
				must be aware of the differences in regulations and which credit period applies
				to each building or development. The period considered for
				management/compliance purposes is the year in which tax credits were allocated
				by ADFA. Currently, there are four (4) specific credit regulation periods as
				follows:
1. January 1, 1987 - December
			 31, 1989
Properties receiving credit allocations during this period
				based rent on the number of people living in the unit. Rents were subject to
				change whenever the household composition changed. The Omnibus Reconciliation
				Act of 1993 allowed owners of these developments a one-time opportunity to
				either maintain the per-person formula or elect to change to the formula based
				on apartment bedroom size used for 1990 and later allocations. The owner had to
				write to the IRS no later than February 6, 1994, to request this election. Once
				made, the decision to switch formulas or retain the per-person formula was
				irrevocable. The new rent formula only affected any new move-ins on or after
				the election date. A copy of the election letter must be provided to ADFA or
				available during the on-site inspection.
2. 1990
Rent is calculated by number of bedrooms in a unit. This rule
				was not retroactive. Gross Rent Floor was adopted. This rule was not
				retroactive. See definition herein. Extended Low-income Housing Commitment
				required. See Section I.C for further Discussion.
3. 1991
AFDC Student Rule exception was retroactive. See Section III.P
				FmHA Overage Rule (not retroactive) is discussed in Section III.F. Extension on
				Initial Compliance with Set-Aside (not retroactive). Minimum Set-Aside
				requirements are discussed in Section III.A.
4. August 10, 1993
Married Students Rule (retroactive). We discuss students in
				Section III.Q.
Single Parent Student Rule (not retroactive).
1987-1989 Rent Change Option (special rule)
Section 8 requirement (retroactive) that states owners cannot
				refuse to lease to
Section 8 tenants.
References: Blue Book, Section 42 of the Code, Congressional
				Laws
I.E
ADDITIONAL REVENUE RULINGS
Two important revenue rulings were later issued that were not
				retroactive.
September 9, 1992 IRS Revenue Ruling 92-61 deals with treatment
				of staff units as part of the eligible basis.
September 26, 1997 Section1.42-15 Available Unit Rule was
				adopted as an amendment to the regulations. This rule allows over-income
				persons in LIHTC units to relocate to another unit in the same building.
I.F
RESPONSIBILITIES OF
			 OWNERS
Compliance with the requirements of the Code is the development
				owner's responsibility. ADFA's obligation to monitor the development for
				compliance does not make ADFA liable for an owner's non-compliance, nor does it
				alleviate an owner's duty to comply with applicable Code requirements. In
				Compliance with Section 42 of the Code and in accordance with ADFA's Compliance
				Monitoring Policies and Procedures Manual for the LIHTC Program, the owner, by
				accepting the allocation of low-income housing tax credits, is obligated
				to:
(1) Manage the development in
			 accordance with the Code, and all other applicable regulations and
			 agreements;
(2) Ensure that, once
			 the development is placed in service, it is suitable for occupancy by meeting
			 Uniform Physical Conditions Standards ("UPCS") and/or ADFA-approved design
			 standards.
(3) Ensure that the
			 development is continually managed in accordance with all applicable federal,
			 state, local and fair housing laws;
(4) Ensure that the complete records for the
			 first year of the credit period are maintained for a minimum of twenty-one (21)
			 years1;
(5) Ensure that the records for subsequent
			 years are maintained for a minimum of six (6) years after the due date for
			 filing the federal income tax return for that year;
(6) Immediately notify ADFA of the placed in
			 service date, initial credit year, completion of the development, as well as
			 any material changes such as ownership or management that is made at any time
			 during all phases of development; see pages 39-40 for ownership or management
			 notification requirements;
(7)
			 Furnish to ADFA a
signed
copy of the
completed
IRS form 8609, and make available all such
			 8609 forms to ADFA's staff during any on-site review;
(8) Cooperate with ADFA's staff during
			 compliance reviews;
(9) Furnish a
			 copy of the election request to the IRS, showing change from family size to
			 unit size in determining maximum allowable rents;
(10) Furnish the annual Owner's Certificate
			 of Continuing Program Compliance and Compliance Monitoring Status Reports no
			 later than February 1st of the year
1 Refer to the IRS Compliance
				Monitoring Requirements - Page A-72(b)(2) Record Retention Provision, a copy of
				which is attached hereto as Exhibit A.
following the first credit year and every year thereafter
				during the compliance period. ADFA will no longer provide copies of forms. The
				owner is responsible for downloading forms from the ADFA website-
www.arkansas.gov/adfa
. Status
				Reports must be submitted electronically via ADFA's computer software. The
				Annual Owner's Certification, attached hereto as Exhibit B, and the ADFA
				Compliance Monitoring Status Report, attached hereto as Exhibit C, are annual
				requirements for the duration of the compliance period; and
(11) Assume liability for any instance of
			 non-compliance and to correct such deficiencies as
			 required.