Arizona Administrative Code › Title 9 - HEALTH SERVICES › Chapter 7 - DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES - RADIATION CONTROL › Article 4 - STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST IONIZING RADIATION › Section R9-7-403 - Definitions

Current through Register Vol. 30, No. 28, July 12, 2024
The following definitions apply in this Article, unless the
				  context otherwise requires:
"Air-purifying respirator" means respiratory protective
				  equipment with an air-purifying filter, cartridge, or canister that removes
				  specific air contaminants by passing ambient air through the air-purifying
				  element.
"ALI" means annual limit on intake, the derived limit for the
				  amount of radioactive material taken into the body of an adult worker by
				  inhalation or ingestion in a year. ALI is the smaller value of intake of a
				  given radionuclide in a year by the Reference Man that would result in a
				  committed effective dose equivalent of 0.05 Sv (5 rem) or a committed dose
				  equivalent of 0.5 Sv (50 rem) to any individual organ or tissue. ALI values for
				  intake by ingestion and by inhalation of selected radio-nuclides are given in
				  Appendix B, Table I, Columns 1 and 2.
"Assigned protection factor" or "APF" means the expected
				  workplace level of respirator protection that would be provided by a properly
				  functioning respirator or a class of respirators to properly fitted and trained
				  users. Operationally, the inhaled concentration can be estimated by dividing
				  the ambient airborne concentration by the APF.
"Atmosphere-supplying respirator" means respiratory
				  protective equipment that supplies the equipment user with breathing air from a
				  source independent of the ambient atmosphere, and includes supplied-air
				  respirators (SARs) and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) units.
"Class" means a classification scheme for inhaled material
				  according to the material's rate of clearance from the lung. Materials are
				  classified as D, W, or Y, which applies to a range of clearance half-times: for
				  Class D, days, of less than 10 days, for Class W, weeks, from 10 to 100 days,
				  and for Class Y, years, of greater than 100 days (see Introduction, Appendix
				  B). For purposes of these rules, "lung class" and "inhalation class" are
				  equivalent terms.
"Constraint" or "dose constraint" means a value above which
				  specified licensee or registrant actions are required.
"Critical group" means the group of individuals reasonably
				  expected to receive the greatest exposure to residual radioactivity for any
				  applicable set of circumstances.
"DAC" means derived air concentration, the concentration of a
				  given radionuclide in air which, if breathed by Reference Man for a working
				  year of 2,000 hours under conditions of light work, results in an intake of one
				  ALI. For purposes of these rules, the condition of light work is an inhalation
				  rate of 1.2 cubic meters of air per hour for 2,000 hours in a year. DAC values
				  are given in Appendix B, Table I, Column 3.
"DAC-hour" means derived air concentration-hour, the product
				  of the concentration of radioactive material in air, expressed as a fraction or
				  multiple of the derived air concentration for each radionuclide, and the time
				  of exposure to that radionuclide, in hours. A licensee or registrant may take
				  2,000 DAC-hours to represent one ALI, equivalent to a committed effective dose
				  equivalent of 0.05 Sv (5 rem).
"Declared pregnant woman" means a woman who has voluntarily
				  informed the licensee or registrant in writing of her pregnancy and the
				  estimated date of conception. The declaration remains in effect until the
				  declared pregnant woman withdraws the declaration in writing or is no longer
				  pregnant.
"Decommission" means to remove a facility or site safely from
				  service and reduce residual radioactivity to a level that permits release of
				  the property for unrestricted use and termination of the license or release of
				  the property under restricted conditions and the termination of the
				  license.
"Demand respirator" means an atmosphere-supplying respiratory
				  protective equipment that admits breathing air to the face piece only when a
				  negative pressure is created inside the face piece by inhalation.
"Deterministic effect" (See "Nonstochastic effect")
"Disposable respirator" means respiratory protective
				  equipment for which maintenance is not intended and that is designed to be
				  discarded after excessive breathing resistance, sorbent depletion, physical
				  damage, or end-of-service-life renders it unsuitable for use. Examples of this
				  type of device include a disposable half-mask respirator or a disposable,
				  escape-only, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
"Distinguishable from background" means that the detectable
				  concentration of a radionuclide is statistically greater than the background
				  concentration of that radionuclide in the vicinity of a site or, in the case of
				  structures, in similar materials using accepted measurement, survey, and
				  statistical techniques.
"Dosimetry processor" means an individual or an organization
				  that processes and evaluates individual monitoring devices in order to
				  determine the radiation dose delivered to the monitoring devices.
"Filtering face piece (dust mask)" means a particulate
				  respirator that operates under a negative pressure with a filter as an
				  integralpart of the face piece or with the entire face piece composed of the
				  filtering medium, not equipped with elasto-meric sealing surfaces and
				  adjustable straps.
"Fit factor" means a quantitative estimate of the fit of a
				  particular respirator to a specific individual, and typically estimates the
				  ratio of the concentration of a substance in ambient air to its concentration
				  inside the respirator when worn.
"Fit test" means the use of protocol to qualitatively or
				  quantitatively evaluate the fit of a respirator on an individual.
"Helmet" means a rigid respiratory inlet covering that also
				  provides head protection against impact and penetration.
"Hood" means a respiratory inlet covering that completely
				  covers the head, neck, and may also cover portions of the shoulders and
				  torso.
"Inhalation class" (See "Class")
"Loose-fitting face piece" means a respiratory inlet covering
				  that is designed to form a partial seal with the face.
"Lung class" (See "Class")
"Nationally tracked source" means a sealed source that
				  contains a quantity equal to or greater than Category 1 or Category 2 levels of
				  radioactive material listed in 10 CFR 20, Appendix E, revised January 1, 2008,
				  incorporated by reference, and available under
				  R9-7-101. This incorporated
				  material contains no future editions or amendments. In this context sealed
				  source does not mean material encapsulated solely for disposal, or nuclear
				  material contained in any fuel assembly, sub-assembly, fuel rod, or fuel
				  pellet.
"Negative pressure respirator (tight fitting)" means
				  respiratory protective equipment in which the air pressure inside the face
				  piece is negative during inhalation with respect to the ambient air pressure
				  outside the respirator.
"Nonstochastic effect" means a health effect, the severity of
				  which varies with the dose and for which a threshold is believed to exist.
				  Radiation-induced cataract formation is an example of a nonstochastic effect.
				  For purposes of these rules, "deterministic effect" is an equivalent term and
				  "threshold" means that which if not exceeded, poses no risk or likelihood of an
				  effect to occur.
"Planned special exposure" means an infrequent exposure to
				  radiation received while employed, but separate from and in addition to the
				  annual occupational dose limits.
"Positive pressure respirator" means respiratory protective
				  equipment in which the pressure inside the respiratory inlet covering exceeds
				  the ambient air pressure outside the respirator.
"Powered air-purifying respirator" or "PAPR" means an
				  air-purifying respirator that uses a blower to force the ambient air through
				  air-purifying elements to the inlet covering.
"Pressure demand respirator" means a positive pressure,
				  atmosphere-supplying respirator that admits breathing air to the face piece
				  when the positive pressure is reduced inside the face piece by
				  inhalation.
"Probabilistic effect" (See "Stochastic effect")
"Qualitative fit test" or "QLFT" means a pass or fail fit
				  test to assess the adequacy of respirator fit that relies on the individual's
				  response to the test agent.
"Quantitative fit test" or "QNFT" means an assessment of the
				  adequacy of respirator fit by numerically measuring the amount of leakage into
				  the respirator.
"Reference Man" means a hypothetical aggregation of human
				  physical and physiological characteristics determined by international
				  consensus. These characteristics may be used by researchers and public health
				  workers to standardize results of experiments and to relate biological insult
				  to a common base. A description of Reference Man is contained in the
				  International Commission on Radiological Protection report, ICRP Publication
				  23, "Report of the Task Group on Reference Man," published in 1975 by Pergammon
				  Press, incorporated by reference and on file with the Department and the Office
				  of the Secretary of State. This incorporation by reference contains no future
				  editions or amendments.
"Residual radioactivity" means radioactivity in structures,
				  materials, soils, groundwater, or other media at a site, resulting from
				  activities under a licensee's control. This includes radioactivity from all
				  licensed and unlicensed sources used by the licensee, but excludes background
				  radiation. It also includes radioactive materials that remain at the site
				  because of routine or accidental release of radioactive material at the site or
				  a previous burial at the site, even if the licensee complied with reagent
				  provisions of 9 A.A.C. 7.
"Respiratory protective equipment" means an apparatus, such
				  as a respirator, used to reduce an individual's intake of airborne radioactive
				  materials.
"Sanitary sewerage" means a system of public sewers for
				  carrying off waste water and refuse, but excluding sewage treatment facilities,
				  septic tanks, and leach fields owned or operated by the licensee or
				  registrant.
"Self-contained breathing apparatus" or "SCBA" means an
				  atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the breathing air source is designed
				  to be carried by the user.
"Stochastic effect" means a health effect that occurs
				  randomly and for which the probability of the effect occurring, rather than its
				  severity, is assumed to be a linear function of dose without a threshold.
				  Hereditary effects and cancer incidence are examples of stochastic effects. For
				  purposes of these rules, "probabilistic effect" is an equivalent term.
"Supplied-air respirator" or "SAR" or "airline respirator"
				  means an atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the source of breathing air
				  is not designed to be carried by the user.
"Tight-fitting face piece" means a respiratory inlet covering
				  that forms a complete seal with the face.
"User seal check" or "fit check" means an action conducted by
				  the respirator user to determine if the respirator is properly seated to the
				  face. Examples include negative pressure check, positive pressure check,
				  irritant smoke check, or isoamyl acetate check.
"Very-high radiation area" means an area, accessible to
				  individuals, in which radiation levels from radiation sources external to an
				  individual's body could result in the individual receiving an absorbed dose in
				  excess of 5 Gy (500 rad) in one hour at one meter from a radiation source or
				  one meter from any surface that the radiation penetrates. (At very high doses
				  received at high dose rates, units of absorbed dose, the gray and rad should be
				  used, rather than units of dose equivalent, the sievert and rem).
"Weighting factor" wT for an organ or tissue (T) means the
				  proportion of the risk of stochastic effects resulting from irradiation of that
				  organ or tissue to the total risk of stochastic effects when the whole body is
				  irradiated uniformly. For calculating the effective dose equivalent, the values
				  of wT are:
ORGAN DOSE WEIGHTING FACTORS
ORGAN DOSE WEIGHTING FACTORS
Organ or Tissue
w
T
Gonads
Breast
Red bone marrow
Lung
Thyroid
Bone surfaces
Remainder
0.30a
Whole Body
1.00b
a 0.30 results from 0.06
							 for each of five "remainder" organs, excluding the skin and the lens of the
							 eye, that receive the highest doses.
b b For the purpose of
							 weighting the external whole body dose, for adding it to the internal dose, a
							 single weighting factor, wT = 1.0, has been specified. The use of other
							 weighting factors for external exposure will be approved by the Department on a
							 case-by-case basis.
a 0.30 results from 0.06
							 for each of five "remainder" organs, excluding the skin and the lens of the
							 eye, that receive the highest doses.
b For the purpose of
							 weighting the external whole body dose, for adding it to the internal dose, a
							 single weighting factor, wT = 1.0, has been specified.
							 The use of other weighting factors for external exposure will be approved by
							 the Department on a case-by-case basis.