California Code of Regulations › Title 8 - Industrial Relations › Division 1 - Department of Industrial Relations › Chapter 4 - Division of Industrial Safety › Subchapter 13 - Logging and Sawmill Safety Orders › Article 1 - Introduction › Section 6249 - Definitions and Glossary

Current through Register 2024 Notice Reg. No. 28, July 12, 2024
Adequate. Sufficient to reduce the risk to an acceptable
						minimum.
Arch. Piece of equipment attached to the rear of a
						tractor and used for raising one end of the logs to facilitate skidding.
Back Cut or Felling Cut. Final cut in a felling
						operation, made on the opposite side of the tree from the undercut.
Ball Hooting. Rolling or skidding loose logs down a
						hillside.
Bell or Cup Hook with Spike. Hook consisting of a
						cylindrical cup with a spike projecting from its center.
Bight. Area within the loop of a rope, its ends made
						fast; or the area within the angle formed by a line running through a
						block.
Binder. Wrapper tightening device.
Bolt. Short section of log or timber, rough sawn to
						length, from which shingles, laths, etc., are cut.
Brow Log. Log placed parallel to any roadway at a landing
						or dump to protect vehicles during loading or unloading.
Buck. Process of severing a tree into sections (logs or
						bolts).
Bucker. Worker who saws logs into desired lengths.
Buckle Guyline. Wire rope used to stiffen or support a
						tree, pole, or structure between the top guys and the base.
Bunk. Cross support for logs on a logging car or
						truck.
Butt Hook. Sleeve type hook attached to the butt rigging.
						Also the hook on the end of the tractor winch line.
Cant. Log slabbed on one or more sides.
Capped Fuse. Piece of fuse to which a blasting cap has
						been crimped.
Carriage (Log Carriage). Framework mounted on wheels
						which runs on tracks or in grooves in a direction parallel to the face of the
						saw, and which contains apparatus to hold a log securely and advance it towards
						the saw.
Chaser. Member of the yarding crew who unhooks the logs
						at the landing.
Chipper (Wood). Machine which cuts waste lumber or logs
						into uniform sized chips.
Chock, Bunk Block or Cheese Block. Wedge that prevents
						logs from rolling off the bunks.
Choker. Wire rope with special attachments that is put
						around a log near its end to facilitate hauling or lifting.
Chunking Out. Clearing material from a specific
						area.
Cold Deck. Any pile of logs which is stored and left for
						future removal or use.
Cold Shut. Link for permanently joining two chains closed
						cold with a hammer and not welded.
Cross Haul, or Parbuckling. Rolling logs by means of rope
						or a power device.
Crotch Lines. Type of two-leg sling forming an inverted
						"V" or crotch, with each loose end terminating in a load-attachment fitting,
						such as load hook, clevis, shackle, etc., for attaching the load to a hoisting
						line.
Crummy. Vehicle used to transport employees to and from a
						job site.
D or Strap Socket. Socket with a closed loop for
						attaching to the end of a line or block.
Dead Man. Buried log or other object used as an
						anchor.
Debark. Removing bark from trees or sections of trees,
						generally by mechanical means rather than manual peeling.
Division. Unless otherwise designated in this subchapter,
						the phrase "division" refers to the current Division of Occupational Safety and
						Health or any of its predecessors including the former Division of Industrial
						Safety. Reference to the former Division of Industrial Safety in these orders
						is meant to refer to its successor, the Division of Occupational Safety and
						Health or any subsequent successor organization.
Donkey (Yarder). Steam, diesel, or gasoline engine,
						equipped with drum and cable for moving or transporting logs, as in loading or
						yarding.
Equivalent. Alternative design or features which will
						provide an equal degree or factor of safety.
Fair-lead. Device used to guide a rope coming from any
						direction to a drum or sheave without fouling.
Guarded. Protected by a cover, shield, rail, or other
						device, or by location, to reduce the probability of injury.
Gut Wrapper. Intermediate wrapper for an individual tier
						of logs.
Guylines. Ropes used to stay or support spar trees,
						booms, etc.
Head Tree. Tree where loading and/or yarding takes
						place.
Heel Block. Block in the heel of a boom.
Heel Boom. Type of loading in which one end of the log is
						pulled up against the boom.
Hog. Machine for cutting or grinding slabs and refuse
						from the mill into coarse chips.
Hook Tender. Person who supervises the moving of logs
						from the woods to the place of loading.
Hot Deck. Deck from which logs are constantly being
						moved.
Husk. Head saw framework on a mill.
Hydraulic Excavator Type, Load Loader. Unit converted
						usually from a hydraulic backhoe having a grapple instead of a bucket, and
						using vertical cycling of the boom and stick to elevate and lower the
						logs.
Hydraulic Tree Jack. A mechanical device powered by
						internal pressure used to control the direction in which a tree is to be
						felled.
Jaggers. Any projecting wires of a cable.
Jill-Poke. A spear-like object.
Jill-Pole. Pivoted pole used as a lever to move logs from
						the car into the pond.
Kicker. Mechanical device used to move logs or
						material.
Knob. Metal ferrule attached to the end of a line.
Landing. Any place where logs are laid after being
						yarded, awaiting loading.
Landing Chute or Landing Slip. The head of the skid trail
						or yarder road where the logs are temporarily placed before handling, loading
						and hauling.
Lang Lay Rope. Wire rope in which the wires in the
						strands and the strands in the rope are laid in the same direction.
Leaner. Live or dead leaning trees.
Lift Tree. Tree or trees between the head spar and tail
						anchor upon which the skyline is hung but not anchored.
Loading Boom. Any structure projecting from a pivot point
						to guide a log when it is lifted.
Lodged Tree. A tree leaning against another tree or
						object which prevents its falling to the ground.
Log Haul. Conveyer for transferring the logs into the
						mill.
Log Stacker. A mobile machine mounted on a wheeled or
						tracked chassis with a frontally mounted grapple, tusk or forklift device to
						handle logs.
Logging Machines. Mobile yarders, including donkeys,
						A-frames, towers, masts, and converted cranes used for cable logging.
Metal Spar. Portable steel mast used to support the
						sheaves and/or blocks and lines for cable logging systems.
Molle or Molly Hogan. Piece of wire strand or rope used
						as a temporary means of fastening together the spliced loop ends of two pieces
						of rope; or a piece of wire strand used in place of a cotter pin, shackle pin,
						etc.
Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL). A
						laboratory which has been recognized by the Department of Labor, Occupational
						Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) as meeting the requirements of
						29 CFR
						1910.7.
Operation, Show, Woods Layout, or Side. Any place where
						logging is being done.
Pass Line. Small line threaded through a block at the top
						of a spar tree to assist the high climber.
Peeling Bar. Tool for removing bark from trees or
						logs.
Pike Pole. Long pole that ends in a sharp steel spike or
						point.
Pitman Rod. Connecting rod.
Reach. Rod or beam connecting a trailer to a logging
						truck.
Road (Cable or Yarding). The road along which logs are
						yarded to the landing with one setting of the rigging.
Rock Saw. Small coarse-toothed saw carried on an
						adjustable arm in line with the main circular mill saw.
Rolled Eyes. Rolling two halves of a line back on each
						other to form an eye.
Root Wad. Ball of roots which extends above ground level
						when a tree is up-rooted.
Rub Tree. See Siwash Tree.
Running Lines. Any moving wire rope, distinguished from a
						stationary wire rope such as a guyline.
Safety Factor. Calculated reduction factor which may be
						applied to laboratory test values to obtain safe working stresses.
Sail Guy. Guyline which holds the outer end of a
						boom.
Scaler. Worker who calculates the footage of logs.
Shall. Mandatory requirement.
Shoe. See Tree Jack.
Shotgun Feed. Piston-fed carriage drive.
Shovel-Type Loader. Boom-type mobile crane or shovel
						using cable and tongs, hooks or grapple as the hoisting and lowering means with
						the boom angle remaining fairly constant.
Show. See Operations.
Side. Unit of a logging operation, including workers and
						equipment, that is sufficient to fall, buck, and load logs from an area.
Side Winder. Piece of brush or limb thrown up by a cable
						or a tractor; tree knocked down by another in falling.
Siwash Tree. Tree used to deflect a line.
Skidder. A machine used to skid logs.
Skidding. Yarding bolts, logs, or trees by pulling or
						towing across the terrain.
Skyline. A wire rope which serves as a track and support
						for a carriage to which logs are attached. See Appendix for various skyline
						systems.
Slack Line. Form of skyline that is spooled on the drum
						of a yarder and may be raised or lowered.
Slope. Increase in height over a horizontal distance,
						measured in percent. (An increase of one vertical foot over a horizontal
						distance of five feet is expressed as a 20% slope.)
Snag. Any dead standing tree or portion thereof.
Snubbing. Retarding or controlling the movement of logs
						or machines by means of looping the rope around a stationary object.
Spar Tree. Tree from which the top and limbs have been
						cut and used to support the blocks and ropes for various systems of
						logging.
Spault. Waste material from the first cut and piece
						remaining after the last cut from a shingle block.
Spring Board. Board shod with iron at the heel and used
						by fallers to stand on when they must work above ground level.
Spring Pole. Section of tree, sapling, limb, etc. which
						is, by virtue of its arrangement, in relation to other materials, under bending
						stress.
Spud, Barking Bar. Tool for removing bark from trees or
						logs.
Squirrel. Weight used to swing a boom when the power unit
						does not have enough drums to do it mechanically.
Stickers. Strips placed between layers of lumber when
						piling to keep the layers separated for airing and drying; also used for
						stabilizing loads during transportation.
Strap. Any short piece of line used for securing or
						holding together equipment or parts of equipment or for loading.
Straw Line. Small line used for miscellaneous
						purposes.
Swamping. Clearing brush and other material around or
						along a specified place.
Tail Hold. Any anchor used for making fast any
						line.
Telltale. Device that serves as a warning for overhead
						objects.
Tight Line. Condition in which force is exerted on both
						mainline and haulback at the same time.
Tong Line Block. Block hung in a boom through which the
						tong line operates.
Tongs. Grapples used to lift logs.
Topping. Cutting off the top section of a tree
						preparatory to rigging the tree.
Tractor. Track-laying or rubber-tired machine used to
						skid logs or build roads.
Tree Harvester. Machine with tracks or tires and having a
						shear and grip head that cuts and maneuvers trees and may also delimb and cut
						them into selected lengths.
Tree Jack. Saddle with set of grooved rollers set between
						side plates, secured to a tree as a guide for lines.
Tree Plates. Steel protectors spiked around a tree to
						prevent the guys from cutting into the tree.
Tree Shoe. Saddle with a solid curved and grooved seat
						between side plates, secured to a tree as a support for lines.
Turn. Single log or group of logs being yarded as a
						unit.
Twister. A line (usually small diameter wire rope
						"haywire") that provides additional support for a tailhold stump, guyline
						stump, or tree used for anchorage in cable logging systems. This is done by
						connecting the tailhold tree or tree to another stump or tree opposite by
						wrapping the two with a line. This line is then tightened by placing a piece of
						large-diameter limb between the wrappings and twisting them together.
Undercut. Notch cut in the tree to guide the tree in
						falling.
V Lead. Angle of the mainline between the machine drum,
						high-lead block, and swing or yarding road that is less than 90 degrees.
Widow Maker. Overhanging limb or section of tree which
						could become dislodged and drop to the ground. (See also lodged tree.)
Windfall. Tree felled by wind or other natural
						cause.
Work Area. Any area where job assignments are
						performed.
Wrapper. Chain, cable, strap, etc., used for binding
						loads of logs, poles or lumber.
Yarding. Collecting logs for one central loading or
						shipping point.
1.
						Amendment filed 2-6-85; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 85, No.
						6).
2. Amendment filed 2-15-90; operative 2-15-90 (Register 90, No.
						8).
3. Amendment filed 10-24-01; operative 11-23-01 (Register 2001,
						No. 43).
Note: Authority cited: Section
						  142.3, Labor
						  Code. Reference: Section
						  142.3, Labor
						  Code.