California Code of Regulations › Title 8 - Industrial Relations › Division 1 - Department of Industrial Relations › Chapter 4 - Division of Industrial Safety › Subchapter 7 - General Industry Safety Orders › Group 16 - Control of Hazardous Substances › Article 109 - Hazardous Substances and Processes › Appendix Appendices to 5192 - Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response

Current through Register 2024 Notice Reg. No. 28, July 12, 2024
NOTE: The following appendices serve as non-mandatory
						  guidelines to assist employees and employers in complying with the appropriate
						  requirements of this section. However, subsection
						  5192(g) makes
						  mandatory in certain circumstances the use of Level A and Level B PPE
						  protection.
Appendix A
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Test
						  Methods
(Non-Mandatory)
This appendix sets forth the non-mandatory examples of
						  tests which may be used to evaluate compliance with subsections (g)(4)(B) and
						  (C). Other tests and other challenge agents may be used to evaluate
						  compliance.
A. Totally-encapsulating chemical protective suit
						  pressure test.
1.0 -- Scope.
1.1 This practice measures the ability of a gas tight
						  totally- encapsulating chemical protective suit material, seams, and closures
						  to maintain a fixed positive pressure. The results of this practice allow the
						  gas tight integrity of a totally-encapsulating chemical protective suit to be
						  evaluated.
1.2 Resistance of the suit materials to permeation,
						  penetration, and degradation by specific hazardous substances is not determined
						  by this test method.
2.0 -- Definition of terms.
2.1 "Totally-encapsulated chemical protective suit
						  (TECP suit)" means a full body garment which is constructed of protective
						  clothing materials; covers the wearer's torso, head, arms, legs and respirator;
						  may cover the wearer's hands and feet with tightly attached gloves and boots;
						  completely encloses the wearer and respirator by itself or in combination with
						  the wearer's gloves and boots.
2.2 "Protective clothing material" means any material
						  or combination of materials used in an item of clothing for the purpose of
						  isolating parts of the body from direct contact with potentially hazardous
						  liquid or gaseous chemicals.
2.3 "Gas tight" means, for the purpose of this test
						  method, the limited flow of a gas under pressure from the inside of a TECP suit
						  to atmosphere at a prescribed pressure and time interval.
3.0 -- Summary of test method.
3.1 The TECP suit is visually inspected and modified
						  for the test. The test apparatus is attached to the suit to permit inflation to
						  the pre-test suit expansion pressure for removal of suit wrinkles and creases.
						  The pressure is lowered to the test pressure and monitored for three minutes.
						  If the pressure drop is excessive, the TECP suit fails the test and is removed
						  from service. The test is repeated after leak location and repair.
4.0 -- Required Supplies.
4.1 Source of compressed air.
4.2 Test apparatus for suit testing including a
						  pressure measurement device with a sensitivity of at least ¼ inch water
						  gauge.
4.3 Vent valve closure plugs or sealing tape.
4.4 Soapy water solution and soft brush.
4.5 Stop watch or appropriate timing device.
5.0 -- Safety Precautions.
5.1 Care shall be taken to provide the correct pressure
						  safety devices required for the source of compressed air used.
6.0 -- Test procedure.
6.1 Prior to each test, the tester shall perform a
						  visual inspection of the suit. Check the suit for seam integrity by visually
						  examining the seams and gently pulling on the seams. Ensure that all air supply
						  lines, fittings, visor, zippers, and valves are secure and show no signs of
						  deterioration.
6.1.1 Seal off the vent valves along with any other
						  normal inlet or exhaust points (such as umbilical air line fittings or face
						  piece opening) with tape or other appropriate means (caps, plugs, fixture,
						  etc.). Care should be exercised in the sealing process not to damage any of the
						  suit components.
6.1.2 Close all closure assemblies.
6.1.3 Prepare the suit for inflation by providing an
						  improvised connection point on the suit for connecting an airline. Attach the
						  pressure test apparatus to the suit to permit suit inflation from a compressed
						  air source equipped with a pressure indicating regulator. The leak tightness of
						  the pressure test apparatus should be tested before and after each test by
						  closing off the end of the tubing attached to the suit and assuring a pressure
						  of three inches water gauge for three minutes can be maintained. If a component
						  is removed for the test, that component shall be replaced and a second test
						  conducted with another component removed to permit a complete test of the
						  ensemble.
6.1.4 The pre-test expansion pressure (A) and the suit
						  test pressure (B) shall be supplied by the suit manufacturer but in no case
						  shall they be less than: (A) = 3 inches water gauge; and (B) = 2 inches water
						  gauge. The ending suit pressure (C) shall be no less than 80 percent of the
						  test pressure (B); i.e., the pressure drop shall not exceed 20 percent of the
						  test pressure (B).
6.1.5 Inflate the suit until the pressure inside is
						  equal to pressure (A), the pre-test expansion suit pressure. Allow at least one
						  minute to fill out the wrinkles in the suit. Release sufficient air to reduce
						  the suit pressure to pressure (B), the suit test pressure. Begin timing. At the
						  end of three minutes, record the suit pressure as pressure (C), the ending suit
						  pressure. The difference between the suit test pressure and the ending suit
						  test pressure (B-C) shall be defined as the suit pressure drop.
6.1.6 If the suit pressure drop is more than 20 percent
						  of the suit test pressure (B) during the three-minute test period, the suit
						  fails the test and shall be removed from service.
7.0 -- Retest Procedure.
7.1 If the suit fails the test, check for leaks by
						  inflating the suit to pressure (A) and brushing or wiping the entire suit
						  (including seams, closures, lens gaskets, glove-to-sleeve joints, etc.) with a
						  mild soap and water solution. Observe the suit for the formation of soap
						  bubbles, which is an indication of a leak. Repair all identified leaks.
7.2 Retest the TECP suit as outlined in Test Procedure
						  6.0.
8.0 -- Report.
8.1 Each TECP suit tested by this practice shall have
						  the following information recorded:
8.1.1 Unique identification number identifying brand
						  name, date of purchase, material of construction, and unique fit features,
						  e.g., special breathing apparatus.
8.1.2 The actual values for test pressures (A), (B),
						  and (C) shall be recorded along with the specific observation times. If the
						  ending pressure (C) is less than 80 percent of the test pressure (B), the suit
						  shall be identified as failing the test. When possible, the specific leak
						  location shall be identified in the test records. Retest pressure data shall be
						  recorded as an additional test.
8.1.3 The source of the test apparatus used shall be
						  identified and the sensitivity of the pressure gauge shall be recorded.
8.1.4 Records shall be kept for each pressure test even
						  if repairs are being made at the test location.
CAUTION
Visually inspect all parts of the suit to be sure they
						  are positioned correctly and secured tightly before putting the suit back into
						  service. Special care should be taken to examine each exhaust valve to make
						  sure it is not blocked.
Care should also be exercised to assure that the inside
						  and outside of the suit is completely dry before it is put into storage.
B. Totally-encapsulated chemical protective suit
						  qualitative leak test.
1.0 -- Scope.
1.1 This practice semi-qualitatively tests gas tight
						  totally- encapsulating chemical protective suit integrity by detecting inward
						  leakage of ammonia vapor. Since no modifications are made to the suit to carry
						  out this test, the results from this practice provide a realistic test for the
						  integrity of the entire suit.
1.2 Resistance of the suit materials to permeation,
						  penetration, and degradation is not determined by this test method. ASTM test
						  methods are available to test suit materials for these characteristics and the
						  tests are usually conducted by the manufacturers of the suits.
2.0 - Definition of terms.
2.1 "Totally-encapsulated chemical protective suit
						  (TECP suit)" means a full body garment which is constructed of protective
						  clothing materials; covers the wearer's torso, head, arms, legs and respirator;
						  may cover the wearer's hands and feet with tightly attached gloves and boots;
						  completely encloses the wearer and respirator by itself or in combination with
						  the wearer's gloves and boots.
2.2 "Protective clothing material" means any material
						  or combination of materials used in an item of clothing for the purpose of
						  isolating parts of the body from direct contact with potentially hazardous
						  liquid or gaseous chemicals.
2.3 "Gas tight" means, for the purpose of this test
						  method, the limited flow of a gas under pressure from the inside of a TECP suit
						  to atmosphere at a prescribed pressure and time interval.
2.4 "Intrusion Coefficient" means a number expressing
						  the level of protection provided by a gas tight totally-encapsulating chemical
						  protective suit. The intrusion coefficient is calculated by dividing the test
						  room challenge agent concentration by the concentration of challenge agent
						  found inside the suit. The accuracy of the intrusion coefficient is dependent
						  on the challenge agent monitoring methods. The larger the intrusion coefficient
						  the greater the protection provided by the TECP suit.
3.0 -- Summary of recommended practice.
3.1 The volume of concentrated aqueous ammonia solution
						  (ammonium hydroxide, NH4OH) required to generate the
						  test atmosphere is determined using the directions outlined in 6.1. The suit is
						  donned by a person wearing the appropriate respiratory equipment (either
						  positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus or a positive-pressure
						  supplied air respirator) and worn inside the enclosed test room. The
						  concentrated aqueous ammonia solution is taken by the suited individual into
						  the test room and poured into an open plastic pan. A two-minute evaporation
						  period is observed before the test room concentration is measured using a high
						  range ammonia length of stain detector tube. When the ammonia vapor reaches a
						  concentration of between 1000 and 1200 ppm, the suited individual starts a
						  standardized exercise protocol to stress and flex the suit. After this protocol
						  is completed, the test room concentration is measured again. The suited
						  individual exits the test room and his stand-by person measures the ammonia
						  concentration inside the suit using a low range ammonia length of stain
						  detector tube or other more sensitive ammonia detector.
A stand-by person is required to observe the test
						  individual during the test procedure; aid the person in donning and doffing the
						  TECP suit; and monitor the suit interior. The intrusion coefficient of the suit
						  can be calculated by dividing the average test area concentration by the
						  interior suit concentration. A colorimetric ammonia indicator strip of
						  bromophenol blue or equivalent is placed on the inside of the suit face piece
						  lens so that the suited individual is able to detect a color change and know if
						  the suit has a significant leak. If a color change is observed the individual
						  shall leave the test room immediately.
4.0 -- Required supplies.
4.1 A supply of concentrated aqueous ammonium hydroxide
						  (58% ammonia by weight).
4.2 A supply of bromophenol blue indicating paper or
						  equivalent, sensitive to 5-10 ppm ammonia or greater over a two-minute period
						  of exposure. (pH 3.0 (yellow) to pH 4.6 (blue))
4.3 A supply of high range (0.5-10 volume percent) and
						  low range (5-700 ppm) detector tubes for ammonia and the corresponding sampling
						  pump. More sensitive ammonia detectors can be substituted for the low range
						  detector tubes to improve the sensitivity of this practice.
4.4 A shallow plastic pan (PVC) at least 12":14":1" and
						  a half pint plastic container (PVC) with tightly closing lid.
4.5 A graduated cylinder or other volumetric measuring
						  device of at least 50 milliliters in volume with an accuracy of at least
						  ±1 milliliters.
5.0 -- Safety precautions.
5.1 Concentrated aqueous ammonium hydroxide,
						  NH4OH, is a corrosive volatile liquid requiring eye,
						  skin, and respiratory protection. The person conducting the test shall review
						  the SDS for aqueous ammonia.
5.2 Since the established short term exposure limit
						  (STEL) for ammonia is 35 ppm as a 15 minute STEL, only persons wearing positive
						  pressure self-contained breathing apparatus or a positive pressure supplied air
						  respirator shall be in the chamber. Normally only the person wearing the
						  totally-encapsulating suit will be inside the chamber. A stand-by person shall
						  have a positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus, or a positive
						  pressure supplied air respirator available to enter the test area should the
						  suited individual need assistance.
5.3 A method to monitor the suited individual must be
						  used during this test. Visual contact is the simplest but other methods using
						  communication devices are acceptable.
5.4 The test room shall be large enough to allow the
						  exercise protocol to be carried out and then to be ventilated to allow each
						  exhaust of the ammonia test atmosphere after the test(s) are completed.
5.5 Individuals shall be medically screened for the use
						  of respiratory protection and checked for allergies to ammonia before
						  participating in this test procedure.
6.0 --Test procedure.
6.1.1 Measure the test area to the nearest foot and
						  calculate its volume in cubic feet. Multiply the test area volume by 0.2
						  milliliters of concentrated aqueous ammonia solution per cubic foot of test
						  area volume to determine the approximate volume of concentrated aqueous ammonia
						  required to generate 1000 ppm in the test area.
6.1.2 Measure this volume from the supply of
						  concentrated aqueous ammonia and place it into a closed plastic
						  container.
6.1.3 Place the container, several high range ammonia
						  detector tubes, and the pump in the clean test pan and locate it near the test
						  area entry door so that the suited individual has easy access to these
						  supplies.
6.2.1 In a non-contaminated atmosphere, open a
						  pre-sealed ammonia indicator strip and fasten one end of the strip to the
						  inside of suit face shield lens where it can be seen by the wearer. Moisten the
						  indicator strip with distilled water. Care shall be taken not to contaminate
						  the detector part of the indicator paper by touching it. A small piece of
						  masking tape or equivalent should be used to attach the indicator strip to the
						  interior of the suit face shield.
6.2.2 If problems are encountered with this method of
						  attachment, the indicator strip can be attached to the outside of the
						  respirator face piece lens being used during the test.
6.3 Don the respiratory protective device normally used
						  with the suit, and then don the TECP suit to be tested. Check to be sure all
						  openings which are intended to be sealed (zippers, gloves, etc.) are completely
						  sealed. DO NOT, however, plug off any venting valves.
6.4 Step into the enclosed test room such as a closet,
						  bathroom, or test booth, equipped with an exhaust fan. No air should be
						  exhausted from the chamber during the test because this will dilute the ammonia
						  challenge concentrations.
6.5 Open the container with the pre-measured volume of
						  concentrated aqueous ammonia within the enclosed test room, and pour the liquid
						  into the empty plastic test pan. Wait two minutes to allow for adequate
						  volatilization of the concentrated aqueous ammonia. A small mixing fan can be
						  used near the evaporation pan to increase the evaporation rate of the ammonia
						  solution.
6.6 After two minutes a determination of the ammonia
						  concentration within the chamber should be made using the high range
						  colorimetric detector tube. A concentration of 1000 ppm ammonia or greater
						  shall be generated before the exercises are started.
6.7 To test the integrity of the suit the following
						  four-minute exercise protocol should be followed:
6.7.1 Raising the arms above the head with at least 15
						  raising motions completed in one minute.
6.7.2 Walking in place for one minute with at least 15
						  raising motions of each leg in a one-minute period.
6.7.3 Touching the toes with at least 10 complete
						  motions of the arms from above the head to touching of the toes in a one-minute
						  period.
6.7.4 Deep knee bends with at least 10 complete
						  standing and squatting motions in a one-minute period.
6.8 If at any time during the test the colorimetric
						  indicating paper should change colors, the test should be stopped and section
						  6.10 and
						  6.12 initiated. (See paragraph
						  4.2).
6.9 After completion of the test exercise, the test
						  area concentration should be measured again using the high range colorimetric
						  detector tube.
6.10 Exit the test area.
6.11 The opening created by the suit zipper or other
						  appropriate suit penetration should be used to determine the ammonia
						  concentration in the suit with the low range length of stain detector tube or
						  other ammonia monitor. The internal TECP suit air should be sampled far enough
						  from the enclosed test area to prevent a false ammonia reading.
6.12 After completion of the measurement of the suit
						  interior ammonia concentration the test is concluded and the suit is doffed and
						  the respirator removed.
6.13 The ventilating fan for the test room should be
						  turned on and allowed to run for enough time to remove the ammonia gas. The fan
						  shall be vented to the outside of the building.
6.14 Any detectable ammonia in the suit interior (five
						  ppm ammonia (NH3) or more for the length of stain
						  detector tube) indicates that the suit has failed the test. When other ammonia
						  detectors are used a lower level of detection is possible, and it should be
						  specified as the pass/fail criteria.
6.15 By following this test method, an intrusion
						  coefficient of approximately 200 or more can be measured with the suit in a
						  completely operational condition. If the intrusion coefficient is 200 or more,
						  then the suit is suitable for emergency response and field use.
7.0 -- Retest procedures.
7.1 If the suit fails this test, check for leaks by
						  following the pressure test in test A above.
7.2 Retest the TECP suit as outlined in the test
						  procedure 6.0.
8.0 -- Report.
8.1 Each gas tight totally-encapsulating chemical
						  protective suit tested by this practice shall have the following information
						  recorded.
8.1.1 Unique identification number identifying brand
						  name, date of purchase, material of construction, and unique suit features,
						  e.g., special breathing apparatus.
8.1.2 General description of test room used for
						  test.
8.1.3 Brand name and purchase date of ammonia detector
						  strips and color change data.
8.1.4 Brand name, sampling range, and expiration date
						  of the length of stain ammonia detector tubes. The brand name and model of the
						  sampling pump should also be recorded. If another type of ammonia detector is
						  used, it should be identified along with its minimum detection limit for
						  ammonia.
8.1.5 Actual test results shall list the two test area
						  concentrations, their average, the interior suit concentration, and the
						  calculated intrusion coefficient. Retest data shall be recorded as an
						  additional test.
8.2 The evaluation of the data shall be specified as
						  "suit passed" or "suit failed" and the date of the test. Any detectable ammonia
						  (five ppm or greater for the length of stain detector tube) in the suit
						  interior indicates the suit has failed this test. When other ammonia detectors
						  are used, a lower level of detection is possible and it should be specified as
						  the pass/fail criteria.
CAUTION
Visually inspect all parts of the suit to be sure they
						  are positioned correctly and secured tightly before putting the suit back into
						  service. Special care should be taken to examine each exhaust valve to make
						  sure it is not blocked.
Care should also be exercised to assure that the inside
						  and outside of the suit is completely dry before it is put into storage.
Appendix B
General Description and Discussion of the Levels
						  of Protection and Protective Gear
(Non-Mandatory)
This appendix sets forth information about personal
						  protective equipment (PPE) protection levels which may be used to assist
						  employers in complying with the PPE requirements of this section.
As required by the standard, PPE must be selected which
						  will protect employees from the specific hazards which they are likely to
						  encounter during their work on-site.
Selection of the appropriate PPE is a complex process
						  which must take into consideration a variety of factors. Key factors involved
						  in this process are identification of the hazards, or suspected hazards; their
						  routes of potential hazard to employees (inhalation, skin absorption,
						  ingestion, and eye or skin contact); and the performance of the PPE materials
						  (and seams) in providing a barrier to these hazards. The amount of protection
						  provided by PPE is material-hazard specific. That is, protective equipment
						  materials will protect well against some hazardous substances and poorly, or
						  not at all, against others. In many instances, protective equipment materials
						  cannot be found which will provide continuous protection from the particular
						  hazardous substance. In these cases the breakthrough time of the protective
						  material should exceed the work durations.
Other factors in this selection process to be
						  considered are matching the PPE to the employee's work requirements and
						  task-specific conditions. The durability of PPE materials, such as tear
						  strength and seam strength, should be considered in relation to the employee's
						  tasks. The effects of PPE in relation to heat stress and task duration are a
						  factor in selecting and using PPE. In some cases layers of PPE may be necessary
						  to provide sufficient protection, or to protect expensive PPE inner garments,
						  suits or equipment.
The more that is known about the hazards at the site,
						  the easier the job of PPE selection becomes. As more information about the
						  hazards and conditions at the site becomes available, the site supervisor can
						  make decisions to upgrade or downgrade the level of PPE protection to match the
						  tasks at hand.
The following are guidelines which an employer can use
						  to begin the selection of the appropriate PPE. As noted above, the site
						  information may suggest the use of combinations of PPE selected from the
						  different protection levels (i.e., A, B, C, or D) as being more suitable to the
						  hazards of the work. It should be cautioned that the listing below does not
						  fully address the performance of the specific PPE material in relation to the
						  specific hazards at the job site, and that PPE selection, evaluation, and
						  re-selection is an ongoing process until sufficient information about the
						  hazards and PPE performance is obtained.
Part A. Personal protection equipment is divided into
						  four categories based on the degree of protection afforded. (See Part B of this
						  appendix for further explanation of Levels A, B, C, and D hazards):
I. Level A -- To be selected when the greatest level of
						  skin, respiratory, and eye protection is required.
The following constitute Level A equipment; it may be
						  used as appropriate.
1. Positive-pressure, full face-piece, self-contained
						  breathing apparatus (SCBA), or positive pressure supplied-air respirator with
						  escape SCBA, approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and
						  Health (NIOSH).
2. Totally-encapsulating chemical-protective
						  suit.
3. Coveralls.*
4. Long underwear.*
5. Gloves, outer, chemical-resistant.
6. Gloves, inner, chemical-resistant.
7. Boots, chemical-resistant, steel toe and
						  shank.
8. Hard hat (under suit).*
9. Disposable protective suit, gloves and boots
						  (depending on suit construction, may be worn over totally-encapsulating
						  suit.)
II. Level B--The highest level of respiratory
						  protection is necessary but a lesser level of skin protection is needed.
The following constitute Level B equipment; it may be
						  used as appropriate.
1. Positive-pressure, fullface-piece, self-contained
						  breathing apparatus (SCBA), or positive-pressure supplied-air respirator with
						  escape SCBA (NIOSH approved).
2. Hooded chemical-resistant clothing (overalls and
						  long-sleeved jacket; coveralls; one or two-piece chemical-splash suit;
						  disposable chemical-resistant overalls).
3. Coveralls.*
4. Gloves, outer, chemical-resistant.
5. Gloves, inner, chemical-resistant.
6. Boots, outer, chemical-resistant steel toe and
						  shank.
7. Boot-covers, outer, chemical-resistant
						  (disposable).*
8. Hard hat.*
9. Face shield.*
III. Level C--The concentration(s) and type(s) of
						  airborne substance(s) is known and the criteria for using air purifying
						  respirators are met.
The following constitute Level C equipment; it may be
						  used as appropriate.
1. Full-face or half-mask, air-purifying respirators
						  (NIOSH approved).
2. Hooded chemical-resistant clothing (overalls;
						  two-piece chemical-splash suit; disposable chemical-resistant overalls).
3. Coveralls.*
4. Gloves, outer, chemical-resistant.
5. Gloves, inner, chemical-resistant.
6. Boots (outer), chemical-resistant steel toe and
						  shank.*
7. Boot-covers, outer, chemical-resistant
						  (disposable).*
8. Hard hat.*
9. Escape mask.*
10. Face shield.*
IV. Level D--A work uniform affording minimal
						  protection; used for nuisance contamination only.
The following constitute Level D equipment; it may be
						  used as appropriate.
1. Coveralls.
2. Gloves.*
3. Boots/shoes, chemical-resistant steel toe and
						  shank.
4. Boots, outer, chemical-resistant
						  (disposable).*
5. Safety glasses or chemical splash goggles.*
6. Hard hat.*
7. Escape mask.*
8. Face shield.*
* Optional, as applicable.
Part B. The types of hazards for which levels A, B, C,
						  and D protection are appropriate are described below:
I. Level A--Level A protection should be used
						  when:
1. The hazardous substance has been identified and
						  requires the highest level of protection for skin, eyes, and the respiratory
						  system based on either the measured (or potential for) high concentration of
						  atmospheric vapors, gases, or particulates; or the site operations and work
						  functions involve a high potential for splash, immersion, or exposure to
						  unexpected vapors, gases, or particulates of materials that are harmful to skin
						  or capable of being absorbed through the skin.
2. Substances with a high degree of hazard to the skin
						  are known or suspected to be present, and skin contact is possible; or
3. Operations are being conducted in confined, poorly
						  ventilated areas, and the absence of conditions requiring Level A have not yet
						  been determined.
II. Level B--Level B protection should be used
						  when:
1. The type and atmospheric concentration of substances
						  have been identified and require a high level of respiratory protection, but
						  less skin protection; and/or
2. The atmosphere contains less than 19.5 percent
						  oxygen; or
3. The presence of incompletely identified vapors or
						  gases is indicated by a direct-reading organic vapor detection instrument, but
						  vapors and gases are not suspected of containing high levels of chemicals
						  harmful to skin or capable of being absorbed through the skin.
NOTE: This involves atmospheres with IDLH
						  concentrations of specific substances that present severe inhalation hazards
						  and that do not represent a severe skin hazard; or that do not meet the
						  criteria for use of air-purifying respirators.
III. Level C--Level C protection should be used
						  when:
1. The atmospheric contaminants, liquid splashes, or
						  other direct contact will not adversely affect or be absorbed through any
						  exposed skin;
2. The types of air contaminants have been identified,
						  concentrations measured, and an air-purifying respirator is available that can
						  remove the contaminants; and
3. All criteria for the use of air-purifying
						  respirators are met.
IV. Level D--Level D protection should be used
						  when:
1. The atmosphere contains no known hazard; and
2. Work functions preclude splashes, immersion, or the
						  potential for unexpected inhalation of or contact with hazardous levels of any
						  chemicals.
NOTE: As stated before, combinations of personal
						  protective equipment other than those described for Levels A, B, C, and D
						  protection may be more appropriate and may be used to provide the proper level
						  of protection.
As an aid in selecting suitable chemical protective
						  clothing, it should be noted that the National Fire Protection Association has
						  developed standards on chemical protective clothing, including:
NFPA 1991--Standard on Vapor-Protective Suits for
						  Hazardous Chemical Emergencies (EPA Level A Protective Clothing)
NFPA 1992--Standard on Liquid Splash-Protective Suits
						  for Hazardous Chemical Emergencies (EPA Level B Protective Clothing)
NFPA 1993--Standard on Support Function Protective
						  Garments for Hazardous Chemical Operations (EPA Level B Protective
						  Clothing)
These standards apply documentation and performance
						  requirements to the manufacture of chemical protective suits. Chemical
						  protective suits meeting these requirements are labelled as compliant with the
						  appropriate standard. As these standards, have been adopted by the National
						  Fire Protection Association, it is recommended that chemical protective suits
						  which meet these standards be used.
Appendix C
Compliance Guidelines
(Non-Mandatory)
1. Occupational Safety and Health Program: Each
						  hazardous waste site clean-up effort will require an occupational safety and
						  health program headed by the site coordinator or the employer's representative.
						  The purpose of the program will be the protection of employees at the site and
						  will be an extension of the employer's overall safety and health program. The
						  program will need to be developed before work begins on the site and
						  implemented as work proceeds as stated in subsection (b). The program is to
						  facilitate coordination and communication of safety and health issues among
						  personnel responsible for the various activities which will take place at the
						  site. The program will provide the means for identifying and controlling
						  worksite hazards and the means for monitoring program effectiveness. It will
						  provide the overall means for planning and implementing the needed safety and
						  health training and job orientation of employees, who will be working at the
						  site. The program will need to cover the responsibilities and authority of the
						  site coordinator or the employer's manager on the site for the safety and
						  health of employees at the site, and the relationships with contractors or
						  support services as to what each employer's safety and health responsibilities
						  are for their employees on the site. Each contractor on the site needs to have
						  its own safety and health program so structured that it will smoothly interface
						  with the program of the site coordinator or principal contractor.
Also those employers involved with treating, storing or
						  disposal of hazardous waste as covered in subsection (p) must have implemented
						  a safety and health program for their employees. This program is to include the
						  hazard communication program required in subsection (p)(1) and the training
						  required in subsections (p)(7) and (p)(8) as parts of the employer's
						  comprehensive overall safety and health program. This program is to be in
						  writing.
Each site or workplace safety and health program will
						  need to include the following: (1) Policy statements of the line of authority
						  and accountability for implementing the program, the objectives of the program,
						  and the role of the site safety and health supervisor or manager and staff; (2)
						  means or methods for the development of procedures for identifying and
						  controlling workplace hazards at the site; (3) means or methods for the
						  development and communication to employees of the various plans, work rules,
						  standard operating procedures and practices that pertain to individual
						  employees and supervisors; (4) means for the training of supervisors and
						  employees to develop the needed skills and knowledge to perform their work in a
						  safe and healthful manner; (5) means to anticipate and prepare for emergency
						  situations; and (6) means for obtaining information feedback to aid in
						  evaluating the program and for improving the effectiveness of the program. The
						  management and employees should be trying continually to improve the
						  effectiveness of the program thereby enhancing the protection being afforded
						  those working on the site.
Accidents on the site should be investigated to provide
						  information on how such occurrences can be avoided in the future. When injuries
						  or illnesses occur on the site or workplace, they will need to be investigated
						  to determine what needs to be done to prevent this incident from occurring
						  again. Such information will need to be used as feedback on the effectiveness
						  of the program and the information turned into positive steps to prevent any
						  reoccurrence. Receipt of employee suggestions or complaints relating to safety
						  and health issues involved with site or workplace activities is also a feedback
						  mechanism that can be used effectively to improve the program and may serve in
						  part as an evaluative tool(s).
For the development and implementation of the program
						  to be the most effective, professional safety and health personnel should be
						  used. Personnel such as, but not necessarily limited to Certified Safety
						  Professionals, Board Certified Industrial Hygienists, or Registered
						  Professional Safety Engineers are good examples of professional stature for
						  safety and health managers who will administer the employer's program.
2. Training: The training programs for employees
						  subject to the requirements of subsection (e) of this standard should address:
						  The safety and health hazards employees should expect to find on hazardous
						  waste clean-up sites; what control measures or techniques are effective for
						  those hazards; what monitoring procedures are effective in characterizing
						  exposure levels; what makes an effective employer's safety and health program;
						  what a site safety and health plan should include; hands on training with
						  personal protective equipment and clothing they may be expected to use; the
						  contents of the OSHA standard relevant to the employee's duties and function;
						  and employee's responsibilities under OSHA and other regulations. Supervisors
						  will need training in their responsibilities under the safety and health
						  program and its subject areas such as the spill containment program, the
						  personal protective equipment program, the medical surveillance program, the
						  emergency response plan, and other areas.
The training programs for employees subject to the
						  requirements of subsection (p) of this standard should address: The employer's
						  safety and health program elements impacting employees; the hazard
						  communication program; the medical surveillance program; the hazards and the
						  controls for such hazards that employees need to know for their job duties and
						  functions. All require annual refresher training.
The training programs for employees covered by the
						  requirements of subsection (q) of this standard should address those
						  competencies required for the various levels of response such as: The hazards
						  associated with hazardous substances; hazard identification and awareness;
						  notification of appropriate persons; the need for and use of personal
						  protective equipment including respirators; the decontamination procedures to
						  be used; preplanning activities for hazardous substance incidents including the
						  emergency response plan; company standard operating procedures for hazardous
						  substance emergency responses; the use of incident command system; and other
						  subjects. Hands-on training should be stressed whenever possible. Critiques
						  done after an incident which include an evaluation of what worked and what did
						  not, and how could the incident be better handled the next time may be counted
						  as training time.
For hazardous materials specialists (usually members of
						  hazardous materials teams), the training should address the care, use, and/or
						  testing of chemical protective clothing including totally encapsulating suits;
						  the medical surveillance program; the standard operating procedures for the
						  hazardous materials team including the use of plugging and patching equipment;
						  and other subject areas.
Officers and leaders who may be expected to be in
						  charge at an incident should be fully knowledgeable of their company's incident
						  command system. They should know where and how to obtain additional assistance
						  and be familiar with the local district's emergency response plan and the state
						  emergency response plan.
Specialist employees such as technical experts, medical
						  experts, or environmental experts that work with hazardous materials in their
						  regular jobs, who may be sent to the incident scene by the shipper,
						  manufacturer, or governmental agency to advise and assist the person in charge
						  of the incident should have training on an annual basis. Their training should
						  include the care and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) including
						  respirators; knowledge of the incident command system and how they are to
						  relate to it; and those areas needed to keep them current in their respective
						  field as it relates to safety and health involving specific hazardous
						  substances.
Those skilled support personnel, such as employees who
						  work for public works departments or equipment operators who operate
						  bulldozers, sand trucks, backhoes, etc., who may be called to the incident
						  scene to provide emergency support assistance, should have at least a safety
						  and health briefing before entering the area of potential or actual exposure.
						  These skilled support personnel, who have not been a part of the emergency
						  response plan and do not meet the training requirements, should be made aware
						  of the hazards they face and should be provided all necessary protective
						  clothing and equipment required for their tasks.
There are two National Fire Protection Association
						  standards, NFPA 472--Standard for Professional Competence of Responders to
						  Hazardous Material Incidents and NFPA 471--Recommended Practice for Responding
						  to Hazardous Material Incidents, which are excellent resource documents to aid
						  fire departments and other emergency response organizations in developing their
						  training program materials. NFPA 472 provides guidance on the skills and
						  knowledge needed for first responder awareness level, first responder
						  operations level, HAZMAT technicians, and HAZMAT specialists. It also offers
						  guidance for the officer corps who will be in charge of hazardous substance
						  incidents.
3. Decontamination: Decontamination procedures should
						  be tailored to the specific hazards of the site and may vary in complexity and
						  number of steps, depending on the level of hazard and the employee's exposure
						  to the hazard. Decontamination procedures and PPE decontamination methods will
						  vary depending upon the specific substance, since one procedure or method may
						  not work for all substances. Evaluation of decontamination methods and
						  procedures should be performed, as necessary, to assure that employees are not
						  exposed to hazards by reusing PPE. References in Appendix D may be used for
						  guidance in establishing an effective decontamination program. In addition, the
						  U.S. Coast Guard's Manual, Policy Guidance for Response to Hazardous Chemical
						  Releases, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC (COMDTINST
						  M16465.30) is a good reference for establishing an effective decontamination
						  program.
4. Emergency response plans: The state, along with
						  designated districts within the state, will be developing or have developed
						  local emergency response plans. These state and district plans should be
						  utilized in the emergency response plans called for in this standard. Each
						  employer should assure that its emergency response plan is compatible with the
						  local plan. The major reference being used to aid in developing the state and
						  local district plans is the Hazardous Materials Emergency Planning Guide,
						  NRT-1.
The current Emergency Response Guidebook from the U.S.
						  Department of Transportation, CMA's CHEMTREC, and the Fire Service Emergency
						  Management Handbook may also be used as resources.
Employers involved with treatment, storage, and
						  disposal facilities for hazardous waste, which have the required contingency
						  plan called for by their permit, would not need to duplicate the same planning
						  elements. Those items of the emergency response plan that are properly
						  addressed in the contingency plan may be substituted into the emergency
						  response plan required in
						  8 CCR
						  5192 or otherwise kept together for employer
						  and employee use.
5. Personal protective equipment programs: The purpose
						  of personal protective clothing and equipment (PPE) is to shield or isolate
						  individuals from the chemical, physical, and biologic hazards that may be
						  encountered at a hazardous substance site.
As discussed in Appendix B, no single combination of
						  protective equipment and clothing is capable of protecting against all hazards.
						  Thus PPE should be used in conjunction with other protective methods and its
						  effectiveness evaluated periodically. The use of PPE can itself create
						  significant worker hazards, such as heat stress, physical and psychological
						  stress, and impaired vision, mobility, and communication. For any given
						  situation, equipment and clothing should be selected that provide an adequate
						  level of protection. However, over-protection, as well as under-protection, can
						  be hazardous and should be avoided where possible.
Two basic objectives of any PPE program should be to
						  protect the wearer from safety and health hazards, and to prevent injury to the
						  wearer from incorrect use and/or malfunction of the PPE. To accomplish these
						  goals, a comprehensive PPE program should include hazard identification;
						  medical monitoring; environmental surveillance; selection, use, maintenance,
						  and decontamination of PPE; and its associated training.
The written PPE program should include policy
						  statements, procedures, and guidelines. Copies should be made available to all
						  employees, and a reference copy should be made available at the worksite.
						  Technical data on equipment, maintenance manuals, relevant regulations, and
						  other essential information should also be collected and maintained.
6. Incident command system (ICS): Subsection
						  5192(q)(3)(B)
						  requires the implementation of an ICS. The ICS is an organized approach to
						  effectively control and manage operations at an emergency incident. The
						  individual in charge of the ICS is the senior official responding to the
						  incident. The ICS was originated by the California fire service. During large
						  complex fires involving several companies and many pieces of apparatus, a
						  command post would be established. This enabled one individual to be in charge
						  of managing the incident, rather than having several officers from different
						  companies making separate, and sometimes conflicting, decisions. The individual
						  in charge of the command post would delegate responsibility for performing
						  various tasks to subordinate officers. Additionally, all communications were
						  routed through the command post to reduce the number of radio transmissions and
						  eliminate confusion. However, strategy, tactics, and all decisions were made by
						  one individual.
The ICS is also implemented for emergency response to
						  all incidents, both large and small, that involve hazardous substances.
For a small incident, the individual in charge of the
						  ICS may perform many tasks of the ICS. There may not be any, or little,
						  delegation of tasks to subordinates. For example, in response to a small
						  incident, the individual in charge of the ICS, in addition to normal command
						  activities, may become the safety officer.
To illustrate the operation of the ICS, the following
						  scenario might develop during a small incident, such as an overturned tank
						  truck with a small leak of flammable liquid.
The first responding senior officer would implement and
						  take command of the ICS. That person would size-up the incident and determine
						  if additional personnel and apparatus were necessary; would determine what
						  actions to take to control the leak; and determine the proper level of personal
						  protective equipment. If additional assistance is not needed, the individual in
						  charge of the ICS would implement actions to stop and control the leak using
						  the fewest number of personnel that can effectively accomplish the tasks. The
						  individual in charge of the ICS then would designate himself as the safety
						  officer and two other employees as a back-up in case rescue may become
						  necessary. In this scenario, decontamination procedures may not be
						  necessary.
A large complex incident may require many employees and
						  difficult, time-consuming efforts to control. In these situations, the
						  individual in charge of the ICS will want to delegate different tasks to
						  subordinates in order to maintain a span of control that will keep the number
						  of subordinates that are reporting, to a manageable level.
Delegation of tasks at large incidents may be by
						  location, where the incident scene is divided into sectors, and subordinate
						  officers coordinate activities within the sector that they have been
						  assigned.
Delegation of tasks can also be by function. Five major
						  functional areas (Incident Command, Operations, Planning, Logistic, and
						  Finance) are activated at major incidents addressing such issues as: medical
						  services; evacuation; water supply; resources (equipment, apparatus); media
						  relations; safety; and site control (integrate activities with police for crowd
						  and traffic control). Also for a large incident, the individual in charge of
						  the ICS will designate several employees as back-up personnel; and a number of
						  safety officers to monitor conditions and recommend safety precautions.
Therefore, no matter what size or complexity an
						  incident may be, by implementing an ICS there will be one individual in charge
						  who makes the decisions and gives directions; and, all actions, and
						  communications are coordinated through one central point of command. Such a
						  system should reduce confusion, improve safety, organize and coordinate
						  actions, and should facilitate effective management of the incident.
The details of the ICS as well as several different
						  scenarios are incorporated into the California Hazardous Material Incident
						  Contingency Plan (HMICP) developed by the State's Office of Emergency Services
						  (OES). The HMICP is written primarily for agencies of the State of California
						  to guide them in understanding the state's role in hazardous material
						  emergencies. Secondarily, the HMICP is anticipated to be utilized by local and
						  federal governments, and private organizations to clarify their roles and
						  relationships concerning hazardous material emergencies. This plan should be
						  used for pre-incident planning; or during a hazardous material emergency for
						  guidance and clarification where a state agency has responsibility (i.e., State
						  Agency Coordination) or jurisdiction (i.e., on the right of way of a state
						  highway), or the incident exceeds local resources beyond those of the SARA
						  Title III Regional Plan.
7. Site Safety and Control Plans: The safety and
						  security of response personnel and others in the area of an emergency response
						  incident site should be of primary concern to the incident commander. The use
						  of a site safety and control plan could greatly assist those in charge of
						  assuring the safety and health of employees on the site.
A comprehensive site safety and control plan should
						  include the following: Summary analysis of hazards on the site and a risk
						  analysis of those hazards; site map or sketch; site work zones (clean zone,
						  transition or decontamination zone, work or hot zone); use of the buddy system;
						  site communications; command post or command center; standard operating
						  procedures and safe work practices; medical assistance and triage area; hazard
						  monitoring plan (air contaminant monitoring, etc,); decontamination procedures
						  and area; and other relevant areas. This plan should be a part of the
						  employer's emergency response plan or an extension of it to the specific
						  site.
8. Medical surveillance program: Workers handling
						  hazardous substances may be exposed to toxic chemicals, safety hazards,
						  biologic hazards, and radiation. Therefore, a medical surveillance program is
						  essential to assess and monitor worker's health and fitness for employment in
						  hazardous waste operations and during the course of work; to provide emergency
						  and other treatment as needed; and to keep accurate records for future
						  reference.
The Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for
						  Hazardous Waste Site Activities developed by the National Institute for
						  Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the Occupational Safety and Health
						  Administration (Federal OSHA), the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), and the
						  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), October 1985, provides an excellent
						  example of the types of medical testing that should be done as part of a
						  medical surveillance program.
9. New Technology and Spill Containment Programs: Where
						  hazardous substances may be released by spilling from a container that will
						  expose employees to the hazards of the material, the employer will need to
						  implement a program to contain and control the spilled material. Diking and
						  ditching, as well as use of absorbents like diatomaceous earth, are traditional
						  techniques which have proven to be effective over the years. However, in recent
						  years new products have come into the marketplace, the use of which complement
						  and increase the effectiveness of these traditional methods. These new products
						  also provide emergency responders and other with additional tools or agents to
						  use to reduce the hazards of spilled materials.
These agents can be rapidly applied over a large area
						  and can be uniformly applied or otherwise can be used to build a small dam,
						  thus improving the workers' ability to control spilled material. These
						  application techniques enhance the intimate contact between the agent and the
						  spilled material allowing for the quickest effect by the agent or quickest
						  control of the spilled material. Agents are available to solidify liquid
						  spilled materials, to suppress vapor generation from spilled materials, and to
						  do both. Some special agents, which when applied as recommended by the
						  manufacturer, will react in a controlled manner with the spilled material to
						  neutralize acids or caustics, or greatly reduce the level of hazard of the
						  spilled material.
There are several modern methods and devices for use by
						  emergency response personnel or others involved with spill control efforts to
						  safely apply spill control agents to control spilled material hazards. These
						  include portable pressurized applicators similar to hand-held portable fire
						  extinguishing devices, and nozzle and hose systems similar to portable fire
						  fighting foam systems which allow the operator to apply the agent without
						  having to come into contact with the spilled material. The operator is able to
						  apply the agent to the spilled material from a remote position.
The solidification of liquids provides for rapid
						  containment and isolation of hazardous substance spills. By directing the agent
						  at run-off points or at the edges of the spill, the reactant solid will
						  automatically create a barrier to slow or stop the spread of the material.
						  Clean-up of hazardous substances is greatly improved when solidifying agents,
						  acid or caustic neutralizers, or activated carbon adsorbents are used. Properly
						  applied, these agents can totally solidify liquid hazardous substances or
						  neutralize or absorb them, which results in materials which are less hazardous
						  and easier to handle, transport, and dispose of. The concept of spill
						  treatment, to create less hazardous substances, will improve the safety and
						  level of protection of employees working at spill clean-up operations or
						  emergency response operations to spills of hazardous substances.
The use of vapor suppression agents for volatile
						  hazardous substances, such as flammable liquids and those substances which
						  present an inhalation hazard, is important for protecting workers. The rapid
						  and uniform distribution of the agent over the surface of the spilled material
						  can provide quick vapor knockdown. There are temporary and long-term foam-type
						  agents which are effective on vapors and dusts, and activated carbon adsorption
						  agents which are effective for vapor control and soaking-up of the liquid. The
						  proper use of hose lines or hand-held portable pressurized applicators provides
						  good mobility and permits the worker to deliver the agent from a safe distance
						  without having to step into the untreated spilled material. Some of these
						  systems can be recharged in the field to provide coverage of larger spill areas
						  than the design limits of a single charged applicator unit. Some of the more
						  effective agents can solidify the liquid flammable hazardous substances and at
						  the same time elevate the flashpoint above 140F so the resulting substance may
						  be handled as a nonhazardous waste material if it meets the U.S. Environmental
						  Protection Agency's 40 CFR Part 261 requirements (See particularly §
												261.21).
All workers performing hazardous substance spill
						  control work are expected to wear the proper protective clothing and equipment
						  for the materials present and to follow the employer's established standard
						  operating procedures for spill control. All involved workers need to be trained
						  in the established operating procedures; in the use and care of spill control
						  equipment; and in the associated hazards and control of such hazards of spill
						  containment work.
These new tools and agents are the things that
						  employers will want to evaluate as part of their new technology program. The
						  treatment of spills of hazardous substances or wastes at an emergency incident
						  as part of the immediate spill containment and control efforts is sometimes
						  acceptable to EPA and a permit exception is described in
						  40 CFR §
													264.1(g)(8) and
						  265.1(c)(11).
Appendix D
References
(Non-Mandatory)
The following references may be consulted for further
						  information on the subject of this standard:
1. OSHA Instruction DFO C
						  PL
						  2.70 - January 29, 1986: Special Emphasis Program:
						  Hazardous Waste Sites.
2. OSHA Instruction DFO C
						  PL
						  2-2.37A - January 29, 1986: Technical Assistance
						  and Guidelines for Superfund and Other Hazardous Waste Site Activities.
3. OSHA Instruction DTS C
						  PL
						  2.74 - January 29, 1986: Hazardous Waste Activity
						  Form, OSHA 175.
4. Hazardous Waste Inspections Reference Manual; U.S.
						  Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration,
						  1986.
5. Memorandum of Understanding Among the National
						  Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the Occupational Safety and
						  Health Administration, the United States Coast Guard, and the United States
						  Environmental Protection Agency: Guidance for Worker Protection During
						  Hazardous Waste Site Investigations and Clean-up and Hazardous Substance
						  Emergencies, December 18, 1980.
6. National Priorities List, 1st Edition; October 1984;
						  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, revised periodically.
7. The Decontamination of Response Personnel; Field
						  Standard Operating Procedures (F.S.O.P.) 7; U.S. Environmental Protection
						  Agency, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, Hazardous Response Support
						  Division, December 1984.
8. Preparation of a Site Safety Plan; Field Standard
						  Operating Procedures (F.S.O.P.) 9; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
						  of Emergency and Remedial Response, Hazardous Response Support Division, April
						  1984.
9. Standard Operating Safety Guidelines; U.S.
						  Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
						  Hazardous Response Support Division, Environmental Response Team; November
						  1984.
10. Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for
						  Hazardous Waste Site Activities; National Institute for Occupational Safety and
						  Health (NIOSH), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), U.S.
						  Coast Guard (USCG), and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); October
						  1985.
11. Protecting Health and Safety at Hazardous Waste
						  Sites: An overview; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/625/9-85/006;
						  September 1985.
12. Hazardous Waste Sites and Hazardous Substance
						  Emergencies; NIOSH Worker Bulletin, U.S. Department of Health and Human
						  Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National
						  Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; December 1982.
13. Personal Protective Equipment for Hazardous
						  Materials Incidents: A Selection Guide; U.S. Department of Health and Human
						  Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National
						  Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; October 1984.
14. Fire Service Emergency Management Handbook;
						  International Association of Fire Chiefs Foundation, 101 East Holly Avenue,
						  Unit 108, Sterling, VA 22170; January, 1985.
15. Emergency Response Guidebook; U.S. Department of
						  Transportation, Washington, DC, 1990.
16. Report to the Congress on Hazardous Materials
						  Training, Planning and Preparedness; Federal Emergency Management Agency,
						  Washington, DC, July 1986.
17. Workbook for Fire Command; Alan V. Brunacini and J.
						  David Beageron, National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park,
						  Quincy, MA 02269, 1985.
18. Site Emergency Response Planning; Chemical
						  Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC 20037, 1986.
19. Hazardous Materials Emergency Planning Guide;
						  NRT-1, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, March 1987.
20. Community Teamwork: Working Together to Promote
						  Hazardous Materials Transportation Safety; U.S. Department of Transportation,
						  Washington, DC, May 1983.
21. Disaster Planning Guide for Business and Industry;
						  Federal Emergency Management Agency, Publication No. FEMA 141, August
						  1987.
22. Hazardous Materials Medical Management Protocols;
						  State Emergency Medical Services Authority, Publication #231, March 1989; 1030
						  15th Street, Suite 302, Sacramento, CA 95814.
23. Hazardous Material Incident Contingency Plan;
						  Office of Emergency Services, Hazardous Materials Division, Sacramento; January
						  1991.
24. Hazardous Materials Handbook; National Fire
						  Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269.
Note: Authority cited: Sections
							 142.3 and
							 142.7, Labor
							 Code. Reference: Sections
							 142.3 and
							 142.7, Labor
							 Code.