2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 252 - Communicable diseases. › 252.07 - Tuberculosis.

252.07
Tuberculosis.
(1g)
In this section:
(a)
“Infectious tuberculosis" means tuberculosis disease of the respiratory tract, capable of producing infection or disease in others as demonstrated by the presence of acid-fast bacilli in the sputum or bronchial secretions or by chest radiograph and clinical findings.
(b)
“Isolate" means a population of mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria that has been obtained in pure culture medium.
(c)
“Isolation" means the separation from other persons of a person with infectious tuberculosis in a place and under conditions that prevent the transmission of the infection.
(d)
“Suspect tuberculosis" means an illness marked by symptoms and laboratory tests that may be indicative of tuberculosis, such as a prolonged cough, prolonged fever, hemoptysis, compatible roentgenographic findings or other appropriate medical imaging findings.
(1m)
Infectious tuberculosis and suspect tuberculosis are subject to the reporting requirements specified in s. 252.05. Any laboratory that receives a specimen for tuberculosis testing shall report all positive results obtained by any appropriate procedure, including a procedure performed by an out-of-state laboratory, to the local health officer and to the department.
(1p)
Any laboratory that performs primary culture for mycobacteria shall also perform organism identification for mycobacterium tuberculosis complex using an approved rapid testing procedure specified by the department by rule.
(1t)
Any laboratory that identifies mycobacterium tuberculosis shall ensure that antimicrobial drug susceptibility tests are performed on the initial isolate. The laboratory shall report the results of these tests to the local health officer and the department.
(2)
The department shall identify groups at risk for contracting or transmitting mycobacterium tuberculosis and shall recommend the protocol for screening members of those groups.
(5)
Upon report of any person under sub. (1m) or (1t), the local health officer shall at once investigate and make and enforce the necessary orders. If any person does not voluntarily comply with any order made by the local health officer with respect to that person, the local health officer or the department may order a medical evaluation, directly observed therapy or home isolation of that person.
(8)
(a)
The department or a local health officer may order the confinement to a facility of an individual who has a confirmed diagnosis of infectious tuberculosis or suspect tuberculosis if all of the following conditions are met:
1.
The department or local health officer notifies a court in writing of the confinement.
2.
The department or local health officer provides to the court a written statement from a physician, physician assistant, or advanced practice nurse prescriber that the individual has infectious tuberculosis or suspect tuberculosis.
3.
The department or local health officer provides to the court evidence that the individual has refused to follow a prescribed treatment regimen or, in the case of an individual with suspect tuberculosis, has refused to undergo a medical examination to confirm whether the individual has infectious tuberculosis.
4.
In the case of an individual with a confirmed diagnosis of infectious tuberculosis, the department or local health officer determines that the individual poses an imminent and substantial threat to himself or herself or to the public health. The department or local health officer shall provide to the court a written statement of that determination.
(b)
If the department or local health officer orders the confinement of an individual under this subsection, a law enforcement officer, or other person authorized by the local public health officer, shall transport the individual, if necessary, to a facility that the department or local health officer determines will meet the individual's need for medical evaluation, isolation and treatment.
(c)
No individual may be confined under this subsection for more than 72 hours, excluding Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays, without a court hearing under sub. (9) to determine whether the confinement should continue.
(9)
(a)
The department or a local health officer may petition any court for a hearing to determine whether an individual with infectious or suspect tuberculosis should be confined for longer than 72 hours in a facility where proper care and treatment will be provided and spread of the disease will be prevented. The department or local health officer shall include in the petition documentation that demonstrates all of the following:
1.
That the individual named in the petition has infectious tuberculosis; that the individual has noninfectious tuberculosis but is at high risk of developing infectious tuberculosis; or that the individual has suspect tuberculosis.
2.
That the individual has failed to comply with the prescribed treatment regimen or with any rules promulgated by the department under sub. (11); or that the disease is resistant to the medication prescribed to the individual.
3.
That all other reasonable means of achieving voluntary compliance with treatment have been exhausted and no less restrictive alternative exists; or that no other medication to treat the resistant disease is available.
4.
That the individual poses an imminent and substantial threat to himself or herself or to the public health.
(b)
The department or local health officer shall give the individual written notice of a hearing at least 48 hours before a scheduled hearing is to be held. Notice of the hearing shall include all of the following information:
1.
The date, time and place of the hearing.
2.
The grounds, and underlying facts, upon which confinement of the individual is being sought.
3.
An explanation of the individual's rights specified under par. (d).
4.
The proposed actions to be taken and the reasons for each action.
(c)
If the court orders confinement of an individual under this subsection, the individual shall remain confined until the department or local health officer, with the concurrence of a treating physician, physician assistant, or advanced practice nurse prescriber, determines that treatment is complete or that the individual is no longer a substantial threat to himself or herself or to the public health. If the individual is to be confined for more than 6 months, the court shall review the confinement every 6 months.
(d)
An individual who is the subject of a petition for a hearing under this subsection has the right to appear at the hearing, the right to present evidence and cross-examine witnesses and the right to be represented by adversary counsel. At the time of the filing of the petition the court shall assure that the individual who is the subject of the petition is represented by adversary counsel. If the individual claims or appears to be indigent, the court shall refer the individual to the authority for indigency determinations specified under s. 977.07 (1). If the individual is a child, the court shall refer that child to the state public defender who shall appoint counsel for the child without a determination of indigency, as provided in s. 48.23 (4). Unless good cause is shown, a hearing under this subsection may be conducted by telephone or live audiovisual means, if available.
(e)
An order issued by the court under this subsection may be appealed as a matter of right. An appeal shall be heard within 30 days after the appeal is filed. An appeal does not stay the order.
(10)
Inpatient care for isolated pulmonary tuberculosis patients, and inpatient care exceeding 30 days for other pulmonary tuberculosis patients, who are not eligible for federal medicare benefits, for medical assistance under subch. IV of ch. 49 or for health care services funded by a relief block grant under subch. II of ch. 49 may be reimbursed if provided by a facility contracted by the department. If the patient has private health insurance, the state shall pay the difference between health insurance payments and total charges.
(11)
The department may promulgate any rules necessary for the administration and enforcement of this section, including, if necessary to prevent or control the transmission of mycobacterium tuberculosis, rules that require screening of members of specific groups that are at risk for contracting or transmitting mycobacterium tuberculosis.
(12)
From the appropriation account under s. 20.435 (1) (e), the department may expend not more than $81,100 annually to fund targeted prevention activities for populations at high risk for tuberculosis infection.
History:  1971 c. 158; 1975 c. 383 s. 4; 1975 c. 421; 1981 c. 291; 1993 a. 27 s. 296, 472; Stats. 1993 s. 252.07; 1993 a. 490; 1999 a. 9 ss. 2400rg to 2400rp, 2400ru; 2005 a. 187; 2009 a. 28; 2011 a. 161.
The commonly accepted meanings of “facility" and “confined" indicate that the legislature intended jail to be a permissible placement option under sub. (9) (a) for persons with noninfectious tuberculosis who are noncompliant with a prescribed treatment regimen, provided that no less restrictive alternative exists. If conditions at a particular jail are such that proper care and treatment would be unavailable, or contrary to the prevention of the spread of the disease, jail is not authorized under sub. (9) (a). Whether a facility meets these requirements is a fact-intensive question addressed to the circuit court's discretion. City of Milwaukee v. Washington, 2007 WI 104, 304 Wis. 2d 98, 735 N.W.2d 111, 05-3141.
The “no less restrictive alternative" requirement under sub. (9) (a) 3. applies to the place of confinement as well as the fact of confinement. A court must determine that the place of confinement is a facility where proper care and treatment will be provided, spread of the disease will be prevented, and no less restrictive alternative to the proposed placement exists. If after this analysis two or more placement options remain, a court may consider cost as a factor in making its determination. City of Milwaukee v. Washington, 2007 WI 104, 304 Wis. 2d 98, 735 N.W.2d 111, 05-3141.