reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 83 - Commercial Purchase and Sale and Exchange, and Transfer of Nonnegotiable Credits (§§ 1701 — 1742) › Subchapter I - Purchase and Sale (§§ 1701 — 1721) › § 1714 - Expenses of delivery in commercial sales

The expenses of the delivery of merchandise in commercial sales shall be defrayed by the vendor until the merchandise is placed at the disposal of the purchaser, weighed or measured, unless there is an agreement to the contrary.
The expenses arising from the receipt and removal of the merchandise from the place of delivery shall be defrayed by the purchaser.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 256.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 83 - Commercial Purchase and Sale and Exchange, and Transfer of Nonnegotiable Credits (§§ 1701 — 1742) › Subchapter I - Purchase and Sale (§§ 1701 — 1721) › § 1715 - When obligation to pay price begins

After the merchandise sold has been placed at the disposal of the purchaser and after the latter has stated his satisfaction, or if the merchandise is judicially deposited in the case foreseen in § 1708 of this title, the obligation of the purchaser to pay the price of the same in cash or at the periods agreed upon with the vendor shall begin.
The vendor shall constitute himself the depositary of the goods sold, and shall be obliged to care for and preserve them in accordance with the laws governing deposits.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 257.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 83 - Commercial Purchase and Sale and Exchange, and Transfer of Nonnegotiable Credits (§§ 1701 — 1742) › Subchapter I - Purchase and Sale (§§ 1701 — 1721) › § 1716 - Preference of vendor to recover price

During the time the articles sold are in the possession of the vendor, even though they be in the capacity of deposit, he shall have preference over any other creditor to obtain the payment of the price with the interest arising from the delay.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 258.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 83 - Commercial Purchase and Sale and Exchange, and Transfer of Nonnegotiable Credits (§§ 1701 — 1742) › Subchapter I - Purchase and Sale (§§ 1701 — 1721) › § 1717 - Effect of delay in payment

Delay in payment for the article purchased shall obligate the purchaser to pay the legal rate of interest on the amount he owes the vendor.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 259.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 83 - Commercial Purchase and Sale and Exchange, and Transfer of Nonnegotiable Credits (§§ 1701 — 1742) › Subchapter I - Purchase and Sale (§§ 1701 — 1721) › § 1718 - Failure to file claim on account of defects

A purchaser who has not made any claim based on the inherent defects in the article sold, within the thirty days following its delivery, shall lose all rights of action against the vendor for such defects.
—Commerce Code, 1932, § 260.
History
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 83 - Commercial Purchase and Sale and Exchange, and Transfer of Nonnegotiable Credits (§§ 1701 — 1742) › Subchapter I - Purchase and Sale (§§ 1701 — 1721) › § 1719 - Application of amounts paid as guaranty

The amounts which, by way of guaranty are delivered in commercial sales shall always be considered as paid on account of the price and as a proof of the ratification of the contract, unless there is an agreement to the contrary.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 261.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 83 - Commercial Purchase and Sale and Exchange, and Transfer of Nonnegotiable Credits (§§ 1701 — 1742) › Subchapter I - Purchase and Sale (§§ 1701 — 1721) › § 1720 - Fraudulent alienation of commercial establishments; liability on account of lesion

The alienation of a commercial establishment or of the whole or greater part of its stock, sold in a lump to one or several persons on the same day or within one month, shall be presumed fraudulent, provided such alienation is made gratuitously or for half or less than half of the market price, or to a creditor or creditors in payment of debts, to the prejudice of or in preference to, other creditors having the same or a better claim. In all the cases mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the creditors shall have action to have the effected alienation rescinded and to have the proper value of the establishment or stock sold deposited at the disposal of the proper court to be divided among the creditors in accordance with law.
Commercial sales carried out in any of the following cases shall not be considered fraudulent or subject, therefore, to be rescinded:
(a) When made with the consent of the creditors or of a majority of them representing at least eighty percent (80%) of the liabilities of the vendor.
(b) When a deposit is made at the time of the sale or within twenty-four hours after its consummation, in a court of proper jurisdiction, of the amount of all the claims against the vendor.
(c) When notice is given to all the creditors by registered mail one month in advance of the intention to make the sale and the price thereof, such notice to be accompanied by an inventory and a list of creditors the correctness of both being certified under oath; such inventory, list of creditors, and evidence of the notice to be filed in the mercantile registry.
Commercial sales, except as hereinbefore provided, shall not be rescinded on account of lesion. A party to a contract who shall have acted maliciously or fraudulently shall be liable for damages and shall be subject to the proper criminal prosecution.
There shall be excluded from the provisions of this section the usual and ordinary sales made by wholesale and retail merchants to consumers, in accordance with business practice and usage.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 262.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 83 - Commercial Purchase and Sale and Exchange, and Transfer of Nonnegotiable Credits (§§ 1701 — 1742) › Subchapter I - Purchase and Sale (§§ 1701 — 1721) › § 1721 - Defense of title

In all commercial sales the vendor shall be obliged to legally defend the title to the articles sold to the purchaser, and to indemnify him for any loss he may suffer by being disturbed in his possession of the same.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 263.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 83 - Commercial Purchase and Sale and Exchange, and Transfer of Nonnegotiable Credits (§§ 1701 — 1742) › Subchapter II - Exchange (§ 1731) › § 1731 - Exchange, rules governing

Commercial exchanges of goods shall be governed by the same rules as are prescribed in this title for purchase and sale, insofar as they are applicable to the circumstances and conditions of said contracts.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 264.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 83 - Commercial Purchase and Sale and Exchange, and Transfer of Nonnegotiable Credits (§§ 1701 — 1742) › Subchapter III - Transfer of Nonnegotiable Credits (§§ 1741 — 1742) › § 1741 - Consent of debtor not required

Commercial credits, which are not negotiable nor payable to the bearer, may be transferred by the creditor without requiring the consent of the debtor, it being sufficient that the transfer be communicated to him.
The debtor shall be obligated to the new creditor by virtue of the notification, and from the time said transfer is made the only legal payment shall be considered that made to the latter.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 265.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 83 - Commercial Purchase and Sale and Exchange, and Transfer of Nonnegotiable Credits (§§ 1701 — 1742) › Subchapter III - Transfer of Nonnegotiable Credits (§§ 1741 — 1742) › § 1742 - Legality of credit and capacity of transferor

The conveyor shall answer for the legality of the credit and for the capacity in which he made the transfer; but he shall not answer for the solvency of the debtor, unless there is an express agreement requiring him to do so.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 266.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 85 - Commercial Contract for Overland Transportation (§§ 1771 — 1801) › § 1771 - When commercial

A contract for all kinds of transportation overland or by river shall be considered commercial:
(1) When it involves merchandise or any commercial goods.
(2) When, no matter what his object may be, the carrier is a merchant or is customarily engaged in transporting goods for the public.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 267.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 85 - Commercial Contract for Overland Transportation (§§ 1771 — 1801) › § 1777 - Beginning of liability of carrier

The liability of the carrier shall begin from the moment he receives the merchandise, in person or through a person intrusted thereto in the place indicated for their reception.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 273.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 85 - Commercial Contract for Overland Transportation (§§ 1771 — 1801) › § 1778 - Refusal to accept packages

Carriers may refuse to accept packages which appear unfit for transportation; but should the shipper in writing and under his signature, insist on the shipment, the carrier shall carry the goods, free from responsibility on account of such defect, provided reference is made in the bill of lading to the condition of the packages and the reasons for their rejection.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 274.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 85 - Commercial Contract for Overland Transportation (§§ 1771 — 1801) › § 1779 - Examination of packages

If the carrier by reason of well-founded suspicions as to the correctness of the declaration of the contents of a package should determine to examine it, he shall do so before witnesses, in the presence of the shipper or of the consignee.
If the shipper or consignee to be cited should not appear, the examination shall be made before a notary, who shall draft a certificate of the result of the examination, for the proper purposes.
If the declaration of the shipper should be correct the expenses caused by the examination and those of carefully repacking the packages shall be defrayed by the carrier, and in a contrary case by the shipper.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 275.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 85 - Commercial Contract for Overland Transportation (§§ 1771 — 1801) › § 1780 - Time of delivery

Should no period within which goods are to be delivered be previously fixed, the carrier shall be under the obligation to forward them in the first shipment of the same or similar merchandise which he may make to the point of delivery; and should he not do so, the damages occasioned by the delay shall be suffered by him.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 276.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 85 - Commercial Contract for Overland Transportation (§§ 1771 — 1801) › § 1783 - Risk on merchandise transported

Merchandise shall be transported at the risk of the shipper, unless the contrary was expressly stipulated.
Therefore, all damages and impairment suffered by the goods in transportation, by reason of accident, force majeure, or by virtue of the nature or defect of the articles, shall be for the account and risk of the shipper.
The proof of these accidents is incumbent on the carrier.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 279.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 85 - Commercial Contract for Overland Transportation (§§ 1771 — 1801) › § 1784 - Liability of carrier for damages

The carrier, however, shall be liable for the losses and damages arising from the causes mentioned in the foregoing section if it is proved that they occurred on account of his negligence or because he did not take the precautions usually adopted by careful persons, unless the shipper committed fraud in the bill of lading, stating that the goods were of a class or quality different from what they really were.
If, notwithstanding the precaution referred to in this section, the goods transported run the risk of being lost on account of the nature or by reason of an unavoidable accident, without there being time for the owners of the same to dispose thereof, the carrier shall proceed to their sale, placing them for this purpose at the disposal of the judicial authority or of the officials determined by special provisions.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 280.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 85 - Commercial Contract for Overland Transportation (§§ 1771 — 1801) › § 1785 - Condition in which merchandise to be delivered

With the exception of the cases prescribed in the second paragraph of § 1783 of this title, the carrier shall be obliged to deliver the goods transported in the same condition in which, according to the bill of lading, they were at the time of their receipt, without any detriment or impairment, and should he not do so, he shall be obliged to pay the value of the goods not delivered at the point where they should have been and at the time the delivery should have taken place.
If part of the goods transported should be delivered the consignee may refuse to receive them, when he proves that he cannot make use thereof without the others.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 281.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 85 - Commercial Contract for Overland Transportation (§§ 1771 — 1801) › § 1786 - Liability of carrier for partial damages

If the effect of the averages referred to in § 1783 of this title should be only a reduction in the value of the goods, the obligation of the carrier shall be reduced to the payment of the amount of said reduction in value, after appraisal by experts.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 282.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 85 - Commercial Contract for Overland Transportation (§§ 1771 — 1801) › § 1787 - Abandonment of goods to carrier; when there are some goods in good condition

If, on account of the averages, the goods are rendered useless for purposes of sale or consumption in the manner proper to the same the consignee shall not be bound to receive them, and may leave them in the hands of the carrier, demanding payment therefor at current market prices.
If among the goods damaged there should be some in good condition and without any defect whatsoever, the foregoing provision shall be applicable with regard to the damaged ones, and the consignee shall receive those which are perfect, this separation being made by distinct and separate articles, no object being divided for the purpose, unless the consignee proves the impossibility of conveniently making use thereof in this form.
The same provision shall be applied to merchandise in bales or packages, with distinction of the packages which appear perfect.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 283.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 85 - Commercial Contract for Overland Transportation (§§ 1771 — 1801) › § 1788 - Time for filing claims on account of damages

Within the twenty-four hours following the receipt of the merchandise a claim may be brought against the carrier on account of damage or average found therein on opening the packages, provided that the indications of the damage or average giving rise to the claim cannot be ascertained from the exterior of said packages, in which case said claim would only be admitted on the receipt of the packages.
After the periods mentioned have elapsed, or after the transportation charges have been paid, no claim whatsoever shall be admitted against the carrier with regard to the condition in which the goods transported were delivered.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 284.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 85 - Commercial Contract for Overland Transportation (§§ 1771 — 1801) › § 1789 - Settlement of disputes as to condition of goods on delivery

If doubts and disputes should occur between the consignee and the carrier with regard to the condition of goods transported at the time of their delivery to the former, the goods shall be examined by experts appointed by the parties, and a third one, in case of disagreement, appointed by judicial authority, the result of the examination always being reduced to writing; and if the persons interested should not agree to the report of the experts and should not reach an agreement, said judicial authority shall have the merchandise deposited in a safe warehouse, and the parties interested shall exercise their rights in the proper manner.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 285.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 85 - Commercial Contract for Overland Transportation (§§ 1771 — 1801) › § 1790 - Delivery to consignee

The carrier must deliver to the consignee without any delay or difficulty the merchandise received by him, by reason of the mere fact of being designated in the bill of lading to receive it; and should the carrier not do so he shall be liable for the damages which may arise therefrom.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 286.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 85 - Commercial Contract for Overland Transportation (§§ 1771 — 1801) › § 1791 - When deposit of goods lies

Should the consignee not be at the domicile indicated in the bill of lading, or should refuse to pay the transportation charges and expenses, or to receive the goods, the deposit of said goods shall be ordered by the district judge, where there is no judge of first instance, to be placed at the disposal of the shipper or sender, without prejudice to a third person having a better right, this deposit having all the effects of a delivery.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 287.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 85 - Commercial Contract for Overland Transportation (§§ 1771 — 1801) › § 1792 - Delivery when time fixed

If a period has been fixed for the delivery of the goods, it must be made within the same, and otherwise the carrier shall pay the indemnity agreed upon in the bill of lading, neither the shipper nor the consignee being entitled to anything else.
Should no indemnity have been agreed upon and the delay exceeds the time fixed in the bill of lading, the carrier shall be liable for the damages which may have been caused by the delay.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 288.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 85 - Commercial Contract for Overland Transportation (§§ 1771 — 1801) › § 1793 - Effect of delay in delivery through fault of carrier

In cases of delay on account of the fault of the carrier, referred to in the foregoing sections, the consignee may leave the goods transported in the hands of the carrier, informing him thereof in writing before the arrival thereof at the point of destination.
When this abandonment occurs, the carrier shall satisfy the total value of the goods, as if they had been lost or mislaid.
Should the abandonment not occur the indemnity for loss and damages on account of the delays cannot exceed the current price of the goods transported on the day and at the place where the delivery was to have been made. The same provision shall be observed in the cases where this indemnity is due.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 289.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 85 - Commercial Contract for Overland Transportation (§§ 1771 — 1801) › § 1794 - Determination of amount payable by carriers in case of loss of merchandise

The value of the goods which the carrier must pay in case of their being lost or mislaid shall be fixed in accordance with the declaration contained in the bill of lading, no proofs being allowed on the part of the shipper that there were among the goods declared therein articles of greater value, and money.
Horses, vehicles, vessels, equipments, and all the other principal and accessory means of transportation, shall be especially obligated in favor of the shipper, although with relation to railroads said obligation shall be subordinated to the provisions of the laws of concession with regard to property and to those of this Code with regard to the manner and form of making attachments and retentions against the said companies.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 290.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 85 - Commercial Contract for Overland Transportation (§§ 1771 — 1801) › § 1795 - Obligations of carriers when several combined

A carrier who delivers merchandise to a consignee by virtue of agreements or combined services with other carriers shall assume the obligations of the carriers who preceded him, reserving his right to proceed against the latter if he should not be directly responsible for the fault which gives rise to the claim of the shipper or of the consignee.
The carrier making the delivery shall also assume all the actions and rights of those who may have preceded him in the transportation.
The sender and the consignee shall have a right of action against the carrier who executed the transportation contract, or against the other carriers who received the goods transported without reservation.
The reservations made by the latter shall not exempt them, however, from the liabilities they may have incurred by reason of their own acts.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 291.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 85 - Commercial Contract for Overland Transportation (§§ 1771 — 1801) › § 1799 - Liability of carrier for failure to observe prescribed formalities

The carrier shall be liable for all the consequences of noncompliance on his part with the formalities prescribed by the laws and regulations of the public administration during the entire course of the trip and on the arrival at the point of destination, except when his omission arises from his having been led into error by false statements of the shipper in the declaration of the merchandise.
If the carrier has acted in accordance with a formal order received from the shipper or consignee of the merchandise, both shall be responsible.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 295.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 85 - Commercial Contract for Overland Transportation (§§ 1771 — 1801) › § 1801 - Extension of provisions to contractors for transportation

The provisions contained in § 1771 of this title shall also be understood as relating to persons who, although they do not personally effect the transportation of commercial goods, contract to do so through others, either as contractors for a special and fixed transaction or as freight and transportation agents.
In either case they shall be subrogated to the place of the carriers with regard to the obligations and liability of the latter, as well as with regard to their rights.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 297.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 87 - Commercial Guaranties (§§ 1821 — 1824) › § 1821 - Commercial guaranties

All guaranties the purpose of which so to insure the fulfilment of a commercial contract shall be considered commercial, even though the guarantor is not a merchant.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 349.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 87 - Commercial Guaranties (§§ 1821 — 1824) › § 1822 - Must be in writing

The commercial guaranty must be reduced to writing, otherwise it shall be null and void.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 350.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 87 - Commercial Guaranties (§§ 1821 — 1824) › § 1823 - When gratuitous

A commercial guaranty shall be gratuitous, unless there is an agreement to the contrary.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 351.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 87 - Commercial Guaranties (§§ 1821 — 1824) › § 1824 - Term of guaranty

In contracts for an indefinite period, if it has been agreed to give the guarantor compensation, the guaranty shall continue in force until, by reason of the complete termination of the principal contract which is secured, the obligations arising therefrom are canceled, no matter what their duration may be, unless a fixed period during which the guaranty was to continue in force was expressly agreed upon.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 352.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 91 - Limited Responsibility Partnerships Act (§§ 1861 — 1867) › § 1863 - Name

The name of any limited liability partnership, whether domestic or foreign, shall include the words sociedad de responsabilidad limitada or “limited liability partnership”, or the acronyms “S.R.L.” or “SRL” or “L.L.P.” or “LLP” at the end of its name.
History —Aug. 20, 1996, No. 154, § 4.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 91 - Limited Responsibility Partnerships Act (§§ 1861 — 1867) › § 1864 - Applicable legal provisions

A limited liability partnership is a partnership as defined in § 4311 of Title 31. The provisions of Subtitle 4 of Part VIII of the Title 31 apply to limited liability partnerships, in the measure that they are not incompatible with the provisions of this chapter. Upon expiration of the term to renew the registration, the partnership shall continue operating as a community property.
History —Aug. 20, 1996, No. 154, § 5.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 91 - Limited Responsibility Partnerships Act (§§ 1861 — 1867) › § 1865 - Application of this chapter to interstate and international trade

A limited liability partnership shall also have the capacity to act as such in any state, territory, district or possession of the United States of America or in any foreign country, provided the laws thereof authorize it.
The internal affairs of limited liability partnerships, and the liability of their partners for existing debts, obligations and liabilities attributed to the partnership or to another partner or partners shall be governed by the laws of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
When a foreign limited liability partnership does not file an application for a registration or renewal certification or does not designate or keep a person duly authorized to receive summons in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the liability of the partners and the validity of any contract or act of the foreign limited liability partnership shall not be affected, nor shall it prevent the foreign limited liability partnership from defending itself in any suit or procedure in any court of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, but, the foreign limited liability partnership shall not initiate any suit or procedure in any court of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico until it has filed an application for a registration or renewal certification.
The internal affairs of foreign limited liability partnerships and the liability of the partners for existing debts, obligations and liabilities attributed to the partnership or to another partner or partners, shall be governed by the laws of the jurisdiction in which the foreign limited liability partnership is organized, except as provided in § 11 of Title 31.
History —Aug. 20, 1996, No. 154, § 6.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 91 - Limited Responsibility Partnerships Act (§§ 1861 — 1867) › § 1866 - Eligibility

Limited liability partnerships or foreign limited liability partnerships can offer all kinds of professional services. The partners of a limited liability partnership or of a foreign limited liability partnership who render professional services in Puerto Rico shall be duly authorized to render such professional services in Puerto Rico. None of the provisions of this chapter shall affect the authority or jurisdiction of the entities that regulate professions.
Every professional partnership shall submit, together with its articles of incorporation or its registration or renewal certification, a performance bond or suretyship that guarantee the payment of any compensation for professional malpractice of its partners or employees. In the case of foreign limited liability partnerships, the performance bond or suretyship of the jurisdiction where it is registered can be omitted, provided it is accompanied by a certification stating that said performance bond or suretyship is extended to Puerto Rico; for the purposes of this chapter, “performance bond or suretyship” shall be understood to be any performance bond or suretyship, or separate or segregated funds, that guarantee the payment of any compensation for professional malpractice of the partners and employees of a professional limited liability partnership. Such separate and segregated funds may be kept deposited in escrow with any banking entity established under the laws of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States, or any territory or state of the United States, or in a trust constituted under the laws of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or of any territory or state of the United States, or through the contracting of letters of credit. For the purposes of this chapter, a performance bond or suretyship document shall be understood to be a document certifying such bond or suretyship according to the definition established in this section. The amount of the bond or suretyship shall be fixed taking into consideration certain criteria, such as the volume of the business and the extent of risks, even though it shall never be greater than one million dollars ($1,000,000). The performance bond or suretyship shall be established by regulations approved pursuant to the Uniform Administrative Procedure Act, §§ 2101 et seq. of Title 3, by the regulating entity of the profession in question, with the prior approval of the Commissioner of Insurance. In the case of lawyers and notaries, the Supreme Court shall establish whatever is pertinent in its regulations, without the mandatory intervention of the Insurance Commissioner. When any regulating entity of the profession in question has not approved the regulations provided herein, the party affected by such inaction may file a mandamus before the Court of First Instance to compel said entity to do so.
History —Aug. 20, 1996, No. 154, § 7.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART II - Commercial Contracts (§§ 1301 — 1867) › Chapter 91 - Limited Responsibility Partnerships Act (§§ 1861 — 1867) › § 1867 - Liability

One partner of a limited liability partnership created under the Limited Liability Partnership Act shall not be liable with his/her personal assets beyond his/her contribution thereto for the debts and obligations of the partnership or of any other partner or partners that arise as a result of an error, omission, negligence, incompetence or illegal act committed by another partner or employee, agent or representative of the partnership, unless:
(a) At the moment the act was committed, he/she was involved, whether directly or through any person under his/her direct control and supervision, in the activity that caused damages to a third party, or
(b) he/she had notice or knowledge of the act that caused damage to a third party.
A partner of a limited liability partnership shall not be liable for the partnership’s obligations and debts that arise for any other cause that differs from those listed above. None of these provisions shall be interpreted in such manner that it will affect the partnership’s liability for the obligations and debts thereof.
The withdrawal, termination or revocation of a limited liability partnership shall not affect the application of the provisions granted in this section for the debts and obligations incurred while the partnership was duly registered as such.
History —Aug. 20, 1996, No. 154, § 8.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART III - Prescription (§§ 1901 — 1912) › Chapter 101 - Prescription Generally (§§ 1901 — 1912) › § 1901 - Prescription, terms cannot be extended

The periods fixed in this Code for bringing the actions arising from commercial contracts, cannot be extended and are without recourse.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 939.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART III - Prescription (§§ 1901 — 1912) › Chapter 101 - Prescription Generally (§§ 1901 — 1912) › § 1902 - Provisions when terms not fixed

The actions that by virtue of this Code do not have a fixed term to be elucidated in a trial, shall prescribe after five (5) years.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 940; Nov. 9, 1998, No. 272, § 1.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART III - Prescription (§§ 1901 — 1912) › Chapter 101 - Prescription Generally (§§ 1901 — 1912) › § 1903 - Interruption of prescription

Prescription shall be interrupted by suit or any judicial proceeding brought against the debtor, by the acknowledgment of the obligations, or by the renewal of the instrument on which the right of the creditor is based.
Prescription shall be considered uninterrupted by a judicial proceeding if the plaintiff should withdraw it, or the case should go by default or the complaint be dismissed.
The period of prescription shall begin to be counted again, in case of the acknowledgement of the obligations, from the day this is done; in case of their renewal, from the date of the new instrument, and if the period for meeting the obligation should have been extended, from the date this extension expires.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 941.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART III - Prescription (§§ 1901 — 1912) › Chapter 101 - Prescription Generally (§§ 1901 — 1912) › § 1904 - Prescription of liability of broker

The liability of exchange brokers, commercial brokers, or ship-broking interpreters in the obligations in which they take part by reason of their office shall prescribe after three years.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 942.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART III - Prescription (§§ 1901 — 1912) › Chapter 101 - Prescription Generally (§§ 1901 — 1912) › § 1905 - Actions by partner against copartnership and vice versa

The actions which may be brought by a partner against the copartnership, or vice versa, shall prescribe after three years, counted, according to the cases, from the withdrawal of the partner, his exclusion, or from the dissolution of the copartnership.
It shall be necessary, in order that this period may run, to record in the commercial registry the withdrawal of the partner, his exclusion, or the dissolution of the copartnership. The right to recover the dividends or payments which are declared by reason of profit or capital on the part or share which is due each partner in the association funds, shall prescribe after five years, counted from the day fixed to commence their collection.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 943.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART III - Prescription (§§ 1901 — 1912) › Chapter 101 - Prescription Generally (§§ 1901 — 1912) › § 1906 - In favor of partner withdrawing from copartnership

Prescription in favor of a partner who withdrew from the copartnership or who was excluded from the same if it appears in the manner indicated in the foregoing section, shall not be interrupted by the judicial proceedings instituted against the copartnership or against another partner.
Prescription in favor of the partner who was part of the copartnership at the time of its dissolution shall not be interrupted by the judicial proceedings instituted against another partner, but shall be by those instituted against the liquidators.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 944.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART III - Prescription (§§ 1901 — 1912) › Chapter 101 - Prescription Generally (§§ 1901 — 1912) › § 1907 - Actions against managing partners

Actions against the managing and directing members of associations shall terminate at the end of four years, to be counted from the time they cease to manage the same for any reason whatsoever.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 945.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART III - Prescription (§§ 1901 — 1912) › Chapter 101 - Prescription Generally (§§ 1901 — 1912) › § 1908 - Actions arising from drafts, etc

Actions arising from drafts shall extinguish three years after maturity, whether such drafts have been protested or not.
A similar rule shall be applied to commercial bills of exchange and promissory notes, checks, stubs and other instruments of draft or exchange and to coupons and amounts for the redemption of obligations issued in accordance with this Code.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 946.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART III - Prescription (§§ 1901 — 1912) › Chapter 101 - Prescription Generally (§§ 1901 — 1912) › § 1909 - Actions relating to recovery of freight, etc

The actions relating to the collection of transportation, freights, expenses inherent thereto, and the contributions of ordinary averages shall prescribe six months after the goods which gave rise thereto were delivered.
The right to the collection of the passage shall prescribe after a similar period, to be counted from the day the traveler arrived at his destination, or from the day he should have paid the same.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 947.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART III - Prescription (§§ 1901 — 1912) › Chapter 101 - Prescription Generally (§§ 1901 — 1912) › § 1910 - Actions which prescribe in one year

The following shall prescribe after one year:
(1) Actions arising from services, works, provisions, and furnishing of goods or money for the construction, repair, equipment, or provisioning of vessels, or to support the crew, to be counted from the delivery of the goods and money, or from the period stipulated for their payment, and from the time the services or labor were rendered, if they should not have been engaged for a definite period or voyage. Should this be the case, the time of the prescription shall begin to be counted from the end of the voyage or from the date of the contract referring thereto, and should there be any interruption therein, from the time of the definite conclusion of the service.
(2) Actions relating to the delivery of the cargo in maritime or land transportation or to indemnity for delays and damages suffered by the goods transported, the period of prescription shall begin to be counted from the day of the delivery of the cargo at the place of its destination, or from the day on which it should have been delivered according to the conditions of its transportation.
Actions for damages or defaults cannot be brought if at the time of the delivery of the respective shipments or within the twenty-four hours following, when damages which do not appear on the exterior of the packages received are in question, the proper protests or reservations should not have been made.
(3) Actions to recover for the expenses of the judicial sale of vessels, cargoes, or goods, transported by sea or by land, as well as those arising from their custody, deposit, and preservation, and the navigation and port expenses, pilotage, rescues, assistance, and salvages, the period to be counted from the time the expenses were incurred and the assistance given, or from the conclusion of the proceedings, if any should have been instituted on the case.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 948.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART III - Prescription (§§ 1901 — 1912) › Chapter 101 - Prescription Generally (§§ 1901 — 1912) › § 1911 - Actions to recover indemnity for collisions

Actions to recover indemnity for collisions shall prescribe after two years from the accident.
These actions shall not be admissible if the proper settlement should not have been made by the captain of the vessel damaged, or by the persons discharging his duties, at the first port which may be made, in accordance with cases 8 and 15 of § 594 of the Commerce Code, 1932, when they may occur.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 949.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 2 - Commerce Code (§§ 1001 — 1950) › PART III - Prescription (§§ 1901 — 1912) › Chapter 101 - Prescription Generally (§§ 1901 — 1912) › § 1912 - Actions arising from loans on bottomry, etc

Actions arising from loans on bottomry or respondentia or from marine risks shall prescribe after three years from the period of the respective contracts or from the date of the accident which gives rise thereto.
History —Commerce Code, 1932, § 950.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 3 - Business Regulations Generally (§§ 2001-2016 — 4196) › Chapter 202 - Detailed Billing in Auto Repair Shops (§§ 2041 — 2042) › § 2041 - Billing

The owner, administrator or manager of every automotive technical, mechanical, or electromechanical workshop is hereby required to provide its clients with a full invoice, which shall include all the parts and/or accessories installed in every motor vehicle repaired by them, stating in detailed the exact cost thereof, as well as the amount charged for labor performed.
History —Aug. 23, 1996, No. 161, § 1, eff. 30 days after Aug. 23, 1996.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 3 - Business Regulations Generally (§§ 2001-2016 — 4196) › Chapter 202 - Detailed Billing in Auto Repair Shops (§§ 2041 — 2042) › § 2042 - Fines

Failure to comply with the provisions of this chapter shall constitute a misdemeanor, and upon conviction, the infractor shall be punished as follows:
(a) For the first infraction, a fine of one hundred dollars ($100);
(b) for the second infraction, a fine of two hundred and fifty dollars ($250), and
(c) for the third and subsequent infractions, fines of five hundred dollars ($500).
History —Aug. 23, 1996, No. 161, § 2, eff. 30 days after Aug. 23, 1996.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE TEN - Commerce (§§ 1 — 4196) › Subtitle 3 - Business Regulations Generally (§§ 2001-2016 — 4196) › Chapter 203 - Factory Warranty on Motor Vehicles (§§ 2051 — 2065) › § 2051 - Short title

This chapter shall be known as the “Motor Vehicle Warranty Act”.
History —Sept. 24, 1979, No. 7, p. 1015, § 1.