reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.21 - Contempt of Court. › 7.21.070 - Appellate review.

RCW 7.21.070
Appellate review.
A party in a proceeding or action under this chapter may seek appellate review under applicable court rules. Appellate review does not stay the proceedings in any other action, suit, or proceeding, or any judgment, decree, or order in the action, suit, or proceeding to which the contempt relates.
[ 1989 c 373 § 7.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.24 - Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act. › 7.24.010 - Authority of courts to render.

RCW 7.24.010
Authority of courts to render.
Courts of record within their respective jurisdictions shall have power to declare rights, status and other legal relations whether or not further relief is or could be claimed. An action or proceeding shall not be open to objection on the ground that a declaratory judgment or decree is prayed for. The declaration may be either affirmative or negative in form and effect; and such declarations shall have the force and effect of a final judgment or decree.
[ 1937 c 14 § 1; 1935 c 113 § 1; RRS § 784-1.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.24 - Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act. › 7.24.020 - Rights and status under written instruments, statutes, ordinances.

RCW 7.24.020
Rights and status under written instruments, statutes, ordinances.
A person interested under a deed, will, written contract or other writings constituting a contract, or whose rights, status or other legal relations are affected by a statute, municipal ordinance, contract or franchise, may have determined any question of construction or validity arising under the instrument, statute, ordinance, contract or franchise and obtain a declaration of rights, status or other legal relations thereunder.
[ 1935 c 113 § 2; RRS § 784-2.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.24 - Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act. › 7.24.030 - Construction of contracts.

RCW 7.24.030
Construction of contracts.
A contract may be construed either before or after there has been a breach thereof.
[ 1935 c 113 § 3; RRS § 784-3.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.24 - Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act. › 7.24.050 - General powers not restricted by express enumeration.

RCW 7.24.050
General powers not restricted by express enumeration.
The enumeration in RCW 7.24.020 and 7.24.030 does not limit or restrict the exercise of the general powers conferred in RCW 7.24.010, in any proceeding where declaratory relief is sought, in which a judgment or decree will terminate the controversy or remove an uncertainty.
[ 1985 c 9 § 2. Prior: 1984 c 149 § 3; 1935 c 113 § 5; RRS § 784-5.]
NOTES:
Reviser's note: 1985 c 9 reenacted RCW 7.24.050 without amendment.
Short title—Application—1985 c 30: See RCW 11.02.900 and 11.02.901.
Purpose—Reenactment—1985 c 9: "The purpose of this act is to make technical corrections to chapter 149, Laws of 1984, and to ensure that the changes made in that chapter meet the constitutional requirements of Article II, section 19 of the state Constitution." [ 1985 c 9 § 1.]
Severability—1985 c 9: "If any provision of this act or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the act or the application of the provision to other persons or circumstances is not affected." [ 1985 c 9 § 4.]
Severability—Effective dates—1984 c 149: See notes following RCW 11.02.005.
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.24 - Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act. › 7.24.060 - Refusal of declaration where judgment would not terminate controversy.

RCW 7.24.060
Refusal of declaration where judgment would not terminate controversy.
The court may refuse to render or enter a declaratory judgment or decree where such judgment or decree, if rendered or entered, would not terminate the uncertainty or controversy giving rise to the proceeding.
[ 1935 c 113 § 6; RRS § 784-6.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.24 - Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act. › 7.24.070 - Review.

RCW 7.24.070
Review.
All orders, judgments and decrees under this chapter may be reviewed as other orders, judgments and decrees.
[ 1935 c 113 § 7; RRS § 784-7.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.24 - Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act. › 7.24.080 - Further relief.

RCW 7.24.080
Further relief.
Further relief based on a declaratory judgment or decree may be granted whenever necessary or proper. The application therefor shall be by petition to a court having jurisdiction to grant the relief. When the application is deemed sufficient, the court shall, on reasonable notice, require any adverse party whose rights have been adjudicated by the declaratory judgment or decree, to show cause why further relief should not be granted forthwith.
[ 1935 c 113 § 8; RRS § 784-8.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.24 - Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act. › 7.24.090 - Determination of issues of fact.

RCW 7.24.090
Determination of issues of fact.
When a proceeding under this chapter involves the determination of an issue of fact, such issue may be tried and determined in the same manner as issues of fact are tried and determined in other civil actions, in the court in which the proceeding is pending.
[ 1935 c 113 § 9; RRS § 784-9.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.24 - Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act. › 7.24.100 - Costs.

RCW 7.24.100
Costs.
In any proceeding under this chapter, the court may make such award of costs as may seem equitable and just.
[ 1935 c 113 § 10; RRS § 784-10.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.24 - Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act. › 7.24.110 - Parties—City as party—Attorney general to be served, when.

RCW 7.24.110
Parties—City as party—Attorney general to be served, when.
When declaratory relief is sought, all persons shall be made parties who have or claim any interest which would be affected by the declaration, and no declaration shall prejudice the rights of persons not parties to the proceeding. In any proceeding which involves the validity of a municipal ordinance or franchise, such municipality shall be made a party, and shall be entitled to be heard, and if the statute, ordinance or franchise is alleged to be unconstitutional, the attorney general shall also be served with a copy of the proceeding and be entitled to be heard.
[ 1935 c 113 § 11; RRS § 784-11.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.24 - Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act. › 7.24.120 - Construction of chapter.

RCW 7.24.120
Construction of chapter.
This chapter is declared to be remedial; its purpose is to settle and to afford relief from uncertainty and insecurity with respect to rights, status and other legal relations; and is to be liberally construed and administered.
[ 1935 c 113 § 12; RRS § 784-12.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.24 - Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act. › 7.24.130 - "Person" defined.

RCW 7.24.130
"Person" defined.
The word "person" wherever used in this chapter, shall be construed to mean any person, partnership, joint stock company, unincorporated association or society, or municipal or other corporation of any character whatsoever.
[ 1935 c 113 § 13; RRS § 784-13.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.24 - Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act. › 7.24.135 - Severability—1935 c 113.

RCW 7.24.135
Severability—1935 c 113.
The several sections and provisions of this chapter, except RCW 7.24.010 and 7.24.020, are hereby declared independent and severable, and the invalidity, if any, of any part or feature thereof shall not affect or render the remainder of the chapter invalid or inoperative.
[ 1935 c 113 § 14; RRS § 784-14.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.24 - Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act. › 7.24.140 - General purpose stated.

RCW 7.24.140
General purpose stated.
This chapter shall be so interpreted and construed as to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law of those states which enact it, and to harmonize, as far as possible, with federal laws and regulations on the subject of declaratory judgments and decrees.
[ 1935 c 113 § 15; RRS § 784-15.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.24 - Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act. › 7.24.144 - Short title.

RCW 7.24.144
Short title.
This chapter may be cited as the Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act.
[ 1935 c 113 § 16; RRS § 784-16.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.24 - Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act. › 7.24.146 - Application of chapter—Validation of proceedings.

RCW 7.24.146
Application of chapter—Validation of proceedings.
This chapter shall apply to all actions and proceedings now pending in the courts of record of the state of Washington seeking relief under the terms of the uniform declaratory judgments act [this chapter]; and all judgments heretofore rendered; and all such actions and proceedings heretofore instituted and now pending in said courts of record of the state of Washington, seeking such relief, are hereby validated, and the respective courts of record in said actions shall have jurisdiction and power to proceed in said actions and to declare the rights, status and other legal relations sought to have been declared in said pending actions and proceedings in accordance with the provisions of said chapter. This chapter does not apply to state agency action reviewable under chapter 34.05 RCW.
[ 1989 c 175 § 39; 1937 c 14 § 2; RRS § 784-17.]
NOTES:
Effective date—1989 c 175: See note following RCW 34.05.010.
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.24 - Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act. › 7.24.190 - Court may stay proceedings and restrain parties.

RCW 7.24.190
Court may stay proceedings and restrain parties.
The court, in its discretion and upon such conditions and with or without such bond or other security as it deems necessary and proper, may stay any ruling, order, or any court proceedings prior to final judgment or decree and may restrain all parties involved in order to secure the benefits and preserve and protect the rights of all parties to the court proceedings.
[ 1965 c 131 § 1.]
NOTES:
Rules of court: CR 57.
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.25 - Declaratory Judgments of Local Bond Issues. › 7.25.005 - Definitions.

RCW 7.25.005
Definitions.
As used in this chapter, the following terms have the meanings indicated unless the context clearly requires otherwise:
(1) "Government entity" means the state of Washington, the state finance committee, any county, city, school district, other municipal corporation, taxing district, or any agency, instrumentality, or public corporation thereof.
(2) "Bonds" means one or more bonds, notes, or other evidences of indebtedness.
(3) "Interested parties" means all taxpayers, ratepayers, or any other persons who have any obligations, rights, or other interests in the bonds or issuance thereof, or the project or purpose for which the bonds were issued or are to be issued.
[ 1999 c 284 § 2.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.25 - Declaratory Judgments of Local Bond Issues. › 7.25.010 - Validity of bond issues may be tested.

RCW 7.25.010
Validity of bond issues may be tested.
Whenever the legislative or governing body of the state or any county, city, school district, other municipal corporation, taxing district, or any agency, instrumentality, or public corporation thereof shall desire to issue bonds of any kind and shall have passed an ordinance or resolution authorizing the same, the validity of such proposed bond issue may be tested and determined in the manner provided in this chapter.
[ 1999 c 284 § 1; 1983 c 263 § 1; 1939 c 153 § 1; RRS § 5616-11. Formerly RCW 7.24.150.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.25 - Declaratory Judgments of Local Bond Issues. › 7.25.020 - Complaint—Defendants—Service—Intervention—Attorneys' fee—Notice of action.

RCW 7.25.020
Complaint—Defendants—Service—Intervention—Attorneys' fee—Notice of action.
A complaint shall be prepared and filed in the superior court by such government entity setting forth such ordinance or resolution and that it is the purpose of the plaintiff to issue and sell bonds as stated therein and that it is desired that the right of the plaintiff to so issue such bonds and sell the same shall be tested and determined in said action. In said action all interested parties shall be deemed to be defendants. The title of the action shall be "In re (name of bond issue)." Upon the filing of the complaint the court shall, upon the application of the plaintiff, enter an order naming one or more interested parties upon whom service in said action shall be made as the representative of all interested parties, except such as may intervene as herein provided, and in such case the court shall fix and allow a reasonable attorneys' fee in said action to the attorney who shall represent the representative interested parties as aforesaid, and such fee and all taxable costs incurred by such representative interested parties shall be taxed as costs against the plaintiff: PROVIDED, That if the interested parties appointed by the court shall default, the court shall appoint an attorney who shall defend said action on behalf of all interested parties, and such attorney shall be allowed a reasonable fee and taxable costs to be taxed against the plaintiff: PROVIDED FURTHER, That after filing the complaint, the plaintiff shall twice place a notice in a newspaper of general circulation within the boundaries of the government entity, stating the title of the action, informing the interested parties that the action has been commenced testing the validity of the bonds, and stating that any interested parties, as that term is defined herein, may intervene in such action and be represented therein by his or her own attorney. Thereupon, any interested parties who desire to intervene must apply to the court to intervene within ten days after the second publication of the notice.
[ 2011 c 336 § 169; 1999 c 284 § 3; 1983 c 263 § 2; 1939 c 153 § 2; RRS § 5616-12. Formerly RCW 7.24.160.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.25 - Declaratory Judgments of Local Bond Issues. › 7.25.030 - Judgment as to validity of all or part of bond issue—Effect.

RCW 7.25.030
Judgment as to validity of all or part of bond issue—Effect.
The court in such action shall enter its judgment determining whether or not the bonds as proposed will be valid, and if the court finds that a portion, but not all, of the said bond issue is authorized by law, the court shall so declare, and find by its judgment what portion of such bond issue will be valid, and the judgment in said action shall be conclusive and binding upon all interested parties and upon all other persons.
[ 1999 c 284 § 4; 1939 c 153 § 3; RRS § 5616-13. Formerly RCW 7.24.170.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.25 - Declaratory Judgments of Local Bond Issues. › 7.25.040 - Other declaratory judgment provisions applicable.

RCW 7.25.040
Other declaratory judgment provisions applicable.
Except as otherwise herein provided, all the provisions of the laws of Washington relating to declaratory judgments shall apply to the action herein provided for. The remedy and procedure herein provided shall be in addition to other remedies and procedures now provided by law.
[ 1999 c 284 § 5; 1939 c 153 § 4; RRS § 5616-14. Formerly RCW 7.24.180.]
NOTES:
Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act: Chapter 7.24 RCW.
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.010 - Who may maintain actions—Service on nonresident defendant.

RCW 7.28.010
Who may maintain actions—Service on nonresident defendant.
Any person having a valid subsisting interest in real property, and a right to the possession thereof, may recover the same by action in the superior court of the proper county, to be brought against the tenant in possession; if there is no such tenant, then against the person claiming the title or some interest therein, and may have judgment in such action quieting or removing a cloud from plaintiff's title; an action to quiet title may be brought by the known heirs of any deceased person, or of any person presumed in law to be deceased, or by the successors in interest of such known heirs against the unknown heirs of such deceased person or against such person presumed to be deceased and his or her unknown heirs, and if it shall be made to appear in such action that the plaintiffs are heirs of the deceased person, or the person presumed in law to be deceased, or the successors in interest of such heirs, and have been in possession of the real property involved in such action for ten years preceding the time of the commencement of such action, and that during said time no person other than the plaintiff in the action or his or her grantors has claimed or asserted any right or title or interest in said property, the court may adjudge and decree the plaintiff or plaintiffs in such action to be the owners of such real property, free from all claims of any unknown heirs of such deceased person, or person presumed in law to be deceased; and an action to quiet title may be maintained by any person in the actual possession of real property against the unknown heirs of a person known to be dead, or against any person where it is not known whether such person is dead or not, and against the unknown heirs of such person, and if it shall thereafter transpire that such person was at the time of commencing such action dead the judgment or decree in such action shall be as binding and conclusive on the heirs of such person as though they had been known and named; and in all actions, under this section, to quiet or remove a cloud from the title to real property, if the defendant be absent or a nonresident of this state, or cannot, after due diligence, be found within the state, or conceals himself or herself to avoid the service of summons, service may be made upon such defendant by publication of summons as provided by law; and the court may appoint a trustee for such absent or nonresident defendant, to make or cancel any deed or conveyance of whatsoever nature, or do any other act to carry into effect the judgment or the decree of the court.
[ 2011 c 336 § 170; 1911 c 83 § 1; 1890 c 72 § 1; Code 1881 § 536; 1879 p 134 § 1; 1877 p 112 § 540; 1869 p 128 § 488; 1854 p 205 § 398; RRS § 785. Formerly RCW 7.28.010, 7.28.020, 7.28.030, and 7.28.040.]
NOTES:
Process, publication, etc.: Chapter 4.28 RCW.
Publication of legal notices: Chapter 65.16 RCW.
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.050 - Limitation of actions for recovery of real property—Adverse possession under title deducible of record.

RCW 7.28.050
Limitation of actions for recovery of real property—Adverse possession under title deducible of record.
That all actions brought for the recovery of any lands, tenements or hereditaments of which any person may be possessed by actual, open and notorious possession for seven successive years, having a connected title in law or equity deducible of record from this state or the United States, or from any public officer, or other person authorized by the laws of this state to sell such land for the nonpayment of taxes, or from any sheriff, marshal or other person authorized to sell such land on execution or under any order, judgment or decree of any court of record, shall be brought within seven years next after possession being taken as aforesaid, but when the possessor shall acquire title after taking such possession, the limitation shall begin to run from the time of acquiring title.
[ 1893 c 11 § 1; RRS § 786.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.060 - Rights inhere to heirs, devisees and assigns.

RCW 7.28.060
Rights inhere to heirs, devisees and assigns.
The heirs, devisees and assigns of the person having such title and possession shall have the same benefit of RCW 7.28.050 as the person from whom the possession is derived.
[ 1893 c 11 § 2; RRS § 787.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.070 - Adverse possession under claim and color of title—Payment of taxes.

RCW 7.28.070
Adverse possession under claim and color of title—Payment of taxes.
Every person in actual, open and notorious possession of lands or tenements under claim and color of title, made in good faith, and who shall for seven successive years continue in possession, and shall also during said time pay all taxes legally assessed on such lands or tenements, shall be held and adjudged to be the legal owner of said lands or tenements, to the extent and according to the purport of his or her paper title. All persons holding under such possession, by purchase, devise or descent, before said seven years shall have expired, and who shall continue such possession and continue to pay the taxes as aforesaid, so as to complete the possession and payment of taxes for the term aforesaid, shall be entitled to the benefit of this section.
[ 1893 c 11 § 3; RRS § 788.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.080 - Color of title to vacant and unoccupied land.

RCW 7.28.080
Color of title to vacant and unoccupied land.
Every person having color of title made in good faith to vacant and unoccupied land, who shall pay all taxes legally assessed thereon for seven successive years, he or she shall be deemed and adjudged to be the legal owner of said vacant and unoccupied land to the extent and according to the purport of his or her paper title. All persons holding under such taxpayer, by purchase, devise or descent, before said seven years shall have expired, and who shall continue to pay the taxes as aforesaid, so as to complete the payment of said taxes for the term aforesaid, shall be entitled to the benefit of this section: PROVIDED, HOWEVER, If any person having a better paper title to said vacant and unoccupied land shall, during the said term of seven years, pay the taxes as assessed on said land for any one or more years of said term of seven years, then and in that case such taxpayer, his heirs or assigns, shall not be entitled to the benefit of this section.
[ 1893 c 11 § 4; RRS § 789.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.083 - Adverse possession—Reimbursement of taxes or assessments—Payment of unpaid taxes or assessments—Awarding of costs and attorneys' fees.

RCW 7.28.083
Adverse possession—Reimbursement of taxes or assessments—Payment of unpaid taxes or assessments—Awarding of costs and attorneys' fees.
(1) A party who prevails against the holder of record title at the time an action asserting title to real property by adverse possession was filed, or against a subsequent purchaser from such holder, may be required to:
(a) Reimburse such holder or purchaser for part or all of any taxes or assessments levied on the real property during the period the prevailing party was in possession of the real property in question and which are proven by competent evidence to have been paid by such holder or purchaser; and
(b) Pay to the treasurer of the county in which the real property is located part or all of any taxes or assessments levied on the real property after the filing of the adverse possession claim and which are due and remain unpaid at the time judgment on the claim is entered.
(2) If the court orders reimbursement for taxes or assessments paid or payment of taxes or assessments due under subsection (1) of this section, the court shall determine how to allocate taxes or assessments between the property acquired by adverse possession and the property retained by the titleholder. In making its determination, the court shall consider all the facts and shall order such reimbursement or payment as appears equitable and just.
(3) The prevailing party in an action asserting title to real property by adverse possession may request the court to award costs and reasonable attorneys' fees. The court may award all or a portion of costs and reasonable attorneys' fees to the prevailing party if, after considering all the facts, the court determines such an award is equitable and just.
[ 2011 c 255 § 1.]
NOTES:
Application—2011 c 255: "This act applies to actions filed on or after July 1, 2012." [ 2011 c 255 § 2.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.085 - Adverse possession—Forestland—Additional requirements—Exceptions.

RCW 7.28.085
Adverse possession—Forestland—Additional requirements—Exceptions.
(1) In any action seeking to establish an adverse claimant as the legal owner of a fee or other interest in forestland based on a claim of adverse possession, and in any defense to an action brought by the holder of record title for recovery of title to or possession of a fee or other interest in forestland where such defense is based on a claim of adverse possession, the adverse claimant shall not be deemed to have established open and notorious possession of the forestlands at issue unless, as a minimum requirement, the adverse claimant establishes by clear and convincing evidence that the adverse claimant has made or erected substantial improvements, which improvements have remained entirely or partially on such lands for at least ten years. If the interests of justice so require, the making, erecting, and continuous presence of substantial improvements on the lands at issue, in the absence of additional acts by the adverse claimant, may be found insufficient to establish open and notorious possession.
(2) This section shall not apply to any adverse claimant who establishes by clear and convincing evidence that the adverse claimant occupied the lands at issue and made continuous use thereof for at least ten years in good faith reliance on location stakes or other boundary markers set by a registered land surveyor purporting to establish the boundaries of property to which the adverse claimant has record title.
(3) For purposes of this section:
(a) "Adverse claimant" means any person, other than the holder of record title, occupying the lands at issue together with any prior occupants of the land in privity with such person by purchase, devise, or decent [descent];
(b) "Claim of adverse possession" does not include a claim asserted under RCW 7.28.050, 7.28.070, or 7.28.080;
(c) "Forestland" has the meaning given in *RCW 84.33.100; and
(d) "Substantial improvement" means a permanent or semipermanent structure or enclosure for which the costs of construction exceeded fifty thousand dollars.
(4) This section shall not apply to any adverse claimant who, before June 11, 1998, acquired title to the lands in question by adverse possession under the law then in effect.
(5) This section shall not apply to any adverse claimant who seeks to assert a claim or defense of adverse possession in an action against any person who, at the time such action is commenced, owns less than twenty acres of forestland in the state of Washington.
[ 1998 c 57 § 1.]
NOTES:
*Reviser's note: RCW 84.33.100 was repealed by 2001 c 249 § 16.
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.090 - Adverse possession—Public lands—Adverse title in minors, persons under guardianship or conservatorship.

RCW 7.28.090
Adverse possession—Public lands—Adverse title in minors, persons under guardianship or conservatorship.
RCW 7.28.070 and 7.28.080 shall not extend to lands or tenements owned by the United States or this state, nor to school lands, nor to lands held for any public purpose. Nor shall they extend to lands or tenements when there shall be an adverse title to such lands or tenements, and the holder of such adverse title is a person under eighteen years of age, or has been placed under a guardianship under RCW 11.130.265 or has been placed under a conservatorship under RCW 11.130.360. However, such persons as aforesaid shall commence an action to recover such lands or tenements so possessed as aforesaid, within three years after the several disabilities herein enumerated shall cease to exist, and shall prosecute such action to judgment, or in case of vacant and unoccupied land shall, within the time last aforesaid, pay to the person or persons who have paid the same for his or her betterments, and the taxes, with interest on said taxes at the legal rate per annum that have been paid on said vacant and unimproved land.
[ 2020 c 312 § 703; 1977 ex.s. c 80 § 7; 1971 ex.s. c 292 § 7; 1893 c 11 § 5; RRS § 790.]
NOTES:
Effective dates—2020 c 312: See note following RCW 11.130.915.
Purpose—Intent—Severability—1977 ex.s. c 80: See notes following RCW 4.16.190.
Severability—1971 ex.s. c 292: See note following RCW 26.28.010.
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.100 - Construction.

RCW 7.28.100
Construction.
That the provisions of RCW 7.28.050 through 7.28.100 shall be liberally construed for the purposes set forth in those sections.
[ 1893 c 11 § 6; RRS § 791.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.110 - Substitution of landlord in action against tenant.

RCW 7.28.110
Substitution of landlord in action against tenant.
A defendant who is in actual possession may, for answer, plead that he or she is in possession only as a tenant of another, naming him or her and his or her place of residence, and thereupon the landlord, if he or she applies therefor, shall be made defendant in place of the tenant, and the action shall proceed in all respects as if originally commenced against him or her. If the landlord does not apply to be made defendant within the time the tenant is allowed to answer, thereafter he or she shall not be allowed to, but he or she shall be made defendant if the plaintiff require it. If the landlord be made defendant on motion of the plaintiff he or she shall be required to appear and answer within ten days from notice of the pendency of the action and the order making him or her defendant, or such further notice as the court or judge thereof may prescribe.
[ 2011 c 336 § 171; Code 1881 § 537; 1877 p 112 § 541; 1869 p 128 § 489; RRS § 792.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.120 - Pleadings—Superior title prevails.

RCW 7.28.120
Pleadings—Superior title prevails.
The plaintiff in such action shall set forth in his or her complaint the nature of his or her estate, claim, or title to the property, and the defendant may set up a legal or equitable defense to plaintiff's claims; and the superior title, whether legal or equitable, shall prevail. The property shall be described with such certainty as to enable the possession thereof to be delivered if a recovery be had.
[ 2011 c 336 § 172; Code 1881 § 538; 1879 p 134 § 2; 1877 p 113 § 542; 1869 p 128 § 490; RRS § 793.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.130 - Defendant must plead nature of his or her estate or right to possession.

RCW 7.28.130
Defendant must plead nature of his or her estate or right to possession.
The defendant shall not be allowed to give in evidence any estate in himself, herself, or another in the property, or any license or right to the possession thereof unless the same be pleaded in his or her answer. If so pleaded, the nature and duration of such estate, or license or right to the possession, shall be set forth with the certainty and particularity required in a complaint. If the defendant does not defend for the whole of the property, he or she shall specify for what particular part he or she does defend. In an action against a tenant, the judgment shall be conclusive against a landlord who has been made defendant in place of the tenant, to the same extent as if the action had been originally commenced against him or her.
[ 2011 c 336 § 173; Code 1881 § 539; 1877 p 113 § 543; 1869 p 129 § 491; RRS § 794.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.140 - Verdict of jury.

RCW 7.28.140
Verdict of jury.
The jury by their verdict shall find as follows:
(1) If the verdict be for the plaintiff, that he or she is entitled to the possession of the property described in the complaint, or some part thereof, or some undivided share or interest in either, and the nature and duration of his or her estate in such property, part thereof, or undivided share or interest, in either, as the case may be.
(2) If the verdict be for the defendant, that the plaintiff is not entitled to the possession of the property described in the complaint, or to such part thereof as the defendant defends for, and the estate in such property or part thereof, or license, or right to the possession of either established on the trial by the defendant, if any, in effect as the same is required to be pleaded.
[ 2011 c 336 § 174; Code 1881 § 540; 1877 p 113 § 544; 1869 p 129 § 492; RRS § 795.]
NOTES:
Rules of court: CR 49.
General, special verdicts: RCW 4.44.410 through 4.44.440.
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.150 - Damages—Limitation—Permanent improvements.

RCW 7.28.150
Damages—Limitation—Permanent improvements.
The plaintiff shall only be entitled to recover damages for withholding the property for the term of six years next preceding the commencement of the action, and for any period that may elapse from such commencement, to the time of giving a verdict therein, exclusive of the use of permanent improvements made by the defendant. When permanent improvements have been made upon the property by the defendant, or those under whom he or she claims holding under color of title adversely to the claim of the plaintiff, in good faith, the value thereof at the time of trial shall be allowed as a setoff against such damages.
[ 2011 c 336 § 175; Code 1881 § 541; 1877 p 113 § 545; 1869 p 129 § 493; RRS § 796.]
NOTES:
Reviser's note: Compare the last sentence of this section with RCW 7.28.160 through 7.28.180.
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.160 - Defendant's counterclaim for permanent improvements and taxes paid.

RCW 7.28.160
Defendant's counterclaim for permanent improvements and taxes paid.
In an action for the recovery of real property upon which permanent improvements have been made or general or special taxes or local assessments have been paid by a defendant, or those under whom he or she claims, holding in good faith under color or claim of title adversely to the claim of plaintiff, the value of such improvements and the amount of such taxes or assessments with interest thereon from date of payment must be allowed as a counterclaim to the defendant.
[ 2011 c 336 § 176; 1903 c 137 § 1; RRS § 797.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.170 - Defendant's counterclaim for permanent improvements and taxes paid—Pleadings, issues and trial on counterclaim.

RCW 7.28.170
Defendant's counterclaim for permanent improvements and taxes paid—Pleadings, issues and trial on counterclaim.
The counterclaim shall set forth the value of the land apart from the improvements, and the nature and value of the improvements apart from the land and the amount of said taxes and assessments so paid, and the date of payment. Issues shall be joined and tried as in other actions, and the value of the land and the amount of said taxes and assessments apart from the improvements, and the value of the improvements apart from the land must be specifically found by the verdict of the jury, report of the referee, or findings of the court as the case may be.
[ 1903 c 137 § 2; RRS § 798.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.180 - Defendant's counterclaim for permanent improvements and taxes paid—Judgment on counterclaim—Payment.

RCW 7.28.180
Defendant's counterclaim for permanent improvements and taxes paid—Judgment on counterclaim—Payment.
If the judgment be in favor of the plaintiff for the recovery of the realty, and of the defendant upon the counterclaim, the plaintiff shall be entitled to recover such damages as he or she may be found to have suffered through the withholding of the premises and waste committed thereupon by the defendant or those under whom he or she claims, but against this recovery shall be offset pro tanto the value of the permanent improvements and the amount of said taxes and assessments with interest found as above provided. Should the value of improvements or taxes or assessments with interest exceed the recovery for damages, the plaintiff, shall, within two months, pay to the defendant the difference between the two sums and upon proof, after notice, to the defendant, that this has been done, the court shall make an order declaring that fact, and that title to the improvements is vested in him or her. Should the plaintiff fail to make such payment, the defendant may at any time within two months after the time limited for such payment to be made, pay to the plaintiff the value of the land apart from the improvements, and the amount of the damages awarded against him or her, and he or she thereupon shall be vested with title to the land, and, after notice to the plaintiff, the court shall make an order reciting the fact and adjudging title to be in him or her. Should neither party make the payment above provided, within the specified time, they shall be deemed to be tenants in common of the premises, including the improvements, each holding an interest proportionate to the value of his or her property determined in the manner specified in RCW 7.28.170: PROVIDED, That the interest of the owner of the improvements shall be the difference between the value of the improvements and the amount of damages recovered against him or her by the plaintiff.
[ 2011 c 336 § 177; 1903 c 137 § 3; RRS § 799.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.190 - Verdict where plaintiff's right to possession expires before trial.

RCW 7.28.190
Verdict where plaintiff's right to possession expires before trial.
If the right of the plaintiff to the possession of the property expire, after the commencement of the action and before the trial, the verdict shall be given according to the fact, and judgment shall be given only for the damages.
[Code 1881 § 542; 1877 p 114 § 546; 1869 p 130 § 494; RRS § 800.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.200 - Order for survey of property.

RCW 7.28.200
Order for survey of property.
The court or judge thereof, on motion, and after notice to the adverse party, may, for cause shown, grant an order allowing the party applying therefor to enter upon the property in controversy and make survey and admeasurement thereof, for the purposes of the action.
[Code 1881 § 543; 1877 p 114 § 547; 1869 p 130 § 495; RRS § 801.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.210 - Order for survey of property—Contents of order—Service.

RCW 7.28.210
Order for survey of property—Contents of order—Service.
The order shall describe the property, and a copy thereof shall be served upon the defendant, and thereupon the party may enter upon the property and make such survey and admeasurement; but if any unnecessary injury be done to the premises, he or she shall be liable therefor.
[ 2011 c 336 § 178; Code 1881 § 544; 1877 p 114 § 548; 1869 p 130 § 496; RRS § 802.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.220 - Alienation by defendant, effect of.

RCW 7.28.220
Alienation by defendant, effect of.
An action for the recovery of the possession of real property against a person in possession, cannot be prejudiced by any alienation made by such person either before or after the commencement of the action; but if such alienation be made after the commencement of the action, and the defendant do not satisfy the judgment recovered for damages for withholding the possession, such damages may be recovered by action against the purchaser.
[Code 1881 § 545; 1877 p 114 § 549; 1869 p 130 § 497; RRS § 803.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.230 - Mortgagee cannot maintain action for possession—Possession to collect mortgaged, pledged, or assigned rents and profits—Perfection of security interest.

RCW 7.28.230
Mortgagee cannot maintain action for possession—Possession to collect mortgaged, pledged, or assigned rents and profits—Perfection of security interest.
(1) A mortgage of any interest in real property shall not be deemed a conveyance so as to enable the owner of the mortgage to recover possession of the real property, without a foreclosure and sale according to law: PROVIDED, That nothing in this section shall be construed as any limitation upon the right of the owner of real property to mortgage, pledge or assign the rents and profits thereof, nor as prohibiting the mortgagee, pledgee or assignee of such rents and profits, or any trustee under a mortgage or trust deed either contemporaneously or upon the happening of a future event of default, from entering into possession of any real property, other than farmlands or the homestead of the mortgagor or his or her successor in interest, for the purpose of collecting the rents and profits thereof for application in accordance with the provisions of the mortgage or trust deed or other instrument creating the lien, nor as any limitation upon the power of a court of equity to appoint a receiver to take charge of such real property and collect such rents and profits thereof for application in accordance with the terms of such mortgage, trust deed, or assignment.
(2) Until paid, the rents and profits of real property constitute real property for the purposes of mortgages, trust deeds, or assignments whether or not said rents and profits have accrued. The provisions of RCW 65.08.070 as now or hereafter amended shall be applicable to such rents and profits, and such rents and profits are excluded from *Article 62A.9 RCW.
(3) The recording of an assignment, mortgage, or pledge of unpaid rents and profits of real property, intended as security, in accordance with RCW 65.08.070, shall immediately perfect the security interest in the assignee, mortgagee, or pledgee and shall not require any further action by the holder of the security interest to be perfected as to any subsequent purchaser, mortgagee, or assignee. Any lien created by such assignment, mortgage, or pledge shall, when recorded, be deemed specific, perfected, and choate even if recorded prior to July 23, 1989.
[ 2011 c 336 § 179; 1991 c 188 § 1; 1989 c 73 § 1; 1969 ex.s. c 122 § 1; Code 1881 § 546; 1877 p 114 § 550; 1869 p 130 § 498; RRS § 804.]
NOTES:
*Reviser's note: Article 62A.9 RCW was repealed in its entirety by 2000 c 250 § 9A-901, effective July 1, 2001. For later enactment, see Article 62A.9A RCW.
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.240 - Action between cotenants.

RCW 7.28.240
Action between cotenants.
In an action by a tenant in common, or a joint tenant of real property against his or her cotenant, the plaintiff must show, in addition to his or her evidence of right, that the defendant either denied the plaintiff's right or did some act amounting to such denial.
[ 2011 c 336 § 180; Code 1881 § 547; 1877 p 114 § 551; 1869 p 130 § 499; RRS § 805.]
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.250 - Action against tenant on failure to pay rent.

RCW 7.28.250
Action against tenant on failure to pay rent.
When in the case of a lease of real property and the failure of tenant to pay rent, the landlord has a subsisting right to reenter for such failure; he or she may bring an action to recover the possession of such property, and such action is equivalent to a demand of the rent and a reentry upon the property. But if at any time before the judgment in such action, the lessee or his or her successor in interest as to the whole or a part of the property, pay to the plaintiff, or bring into court the amount of rent then in arrear, with interest and cost of action, and perform the other covenants or agreements on the part of the lessee, he or she shall be entitled to continue in the possession according to the terms of the lease.
[ 2011 c 336 § 181; Code 1881 § 548; 1877 p 114 § 552; 1869 p 131 § 500; No RRS.]
NOTES:
Forcible entry, detainer: Chapter 59.12 RCW.
Rent default, less than forty dollars: Chapter 59.08 RCW.
Tenancies: Chapter 59.04 RCW.
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.260 - Effect of judgment—Lis pendens—Vacation.

RCW 7.28.260
Effect of judgment—Lis pendens—Vacation.
In an action to recover possession of real property, the judgment rendered therein shall be conclusive as to the estate in such property and the right of possession thereof, so far as the same is thereby determined, upon all persons claiming by, through, or under the party against whom the judgment is rendered, by title or interest passing after the commencement of the action, if the party in whose favor the judgment is rendered shall have filed a notice of the pendency of the action as required by RCW 4.28.320. When service of the notice is made by publication, and judgment is given for failure to answer, at any time within two years from the entry thereof, the defendant or his or her successor in interest as to the whole or any part of the property, shall, upon application to the court or judge thereof, be entitled to an order, vacating the judgment and granting him or her a new trial, upon the payment of the costs of the action.
[ 2011 c 336 § 182; 1909 c 35 § 1; Code 1881 § 549; 1877 p 114 § 553; 1869 p 131 § 501; RRS § 806.]
NOTES:
Rules of court: Cf. CR 58, 60(e).
New trials: Chapter 4.76 RCW.
Vacation of judgments: Chapter 4.72 RCW.
2023 Revised Code of Washington › Title 7 - Special Proceedings and Actions › Chapter 7.28 - Ejectment, Quieting Title. › 7.28.270 - Effect of vacation of judgment.

RCW 7.28.270
Effect of vacation of judgment.
If the plaintiff has taken possession of the property before the judgment is set aside and a new trial granted, as provided in RCW 7.28.260, such possession shall not be thereby affected in any way; and if judgment be given for defendant in the new trial, he or she shall be entitled to restitution by execution in the same manner as if he or she were plaintiff.
[ 2011 c 336 § 183; Code 1881 § 550; 1877 p 115 § 554; 1869 p 131 § 502; RRS § 807.]
NOTES:
Rules of court: Cf. CR 58, 60(e).