reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.13 - Driving on roadways laned for traffic.

346.13
Driving on roadways laned for traffic.
Whenever any roadway has been divided into 2 or more clearly indicated lanes, including those roadways divided into lanes by clearly indicated longitudinal joints, the following rules, in addition to all others consistent with this section, apply:
(1)
Except as provided in sub. (4), the operator of a vehicle shall drive as nearly as practicable entirely within a single lane and shall not deviate from the traffic lane in which the operator is driving without first ascertaining that such movement can be made with safety to other vehicles approaching from the rear.
(2)
Except as provided in s. 346.05 (1) (g), upon a 2-way roadway which is divided into 3 lanes the operator of a vehicle may not drive in the center lane except when overtaking and passing another vehicle where the roadway is clearly visible and the center lane is clear of traffic within a safe distance, or in preparation for a left turn or U-turn, or where the center lane is at the time allocated exclusively to traffic moving in the direction the vehicle is proceeding and is marked or posted to give notice of the allocation.
(3)
Notwithstanding sub. (2), but subject to sub. (4), when lanes have been marked or posted for traffic moving in a particular direction or at designated speeds, the operator of a vehicle shall drive in the lane designated.
(4)
Upon a 2-way roadway with at least 2 lanes for travel in each direction, a wide implement of husbandry, as defined in s. 347.24 (3) (a), that is being operated in compliance with any applicable requirement under s. 347.24 (3), 347.245 (1), or 347.25 (2g), and that is being operated as much as practicable within a single lane may, to the extent necessary, extend into another lane intended for travel in the same direction if it does not impede other vehicles approaching from the rear.
(5)
Notwithstanding sub. (1), the operator of a vehicle or combination of vehicles with a total length of not less than 40 feet or a total width of not less than 10 feet may, with due regard for all other traffic, deviate from the lane in which the operator is driving to the extent necessary to approach and drive through a roundabout.
History:  1991 a. 316; 2009 a. 97; 2013 a. 377; 2015 a. 139.
In calculating the time required to safely execute a deviation from a traffic lane or a turn at an intersection, a driver must consider the condition of the highway. Thompson v. Howe, 77 Wis. 2d 441, 253 N.W.2d 59 (1977).
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.14 - Distance between vehicles.

346.14
Distance between vehicles.
(1b)
In this section, “platoon” means a group of individual motor vehicles traveling in a unified manner at electronically coordinated speeds.
(1m)
The operator of a motor vehicle shall not follow another vehicle more closely than is reasonable and prudent, having due regard for the speed of such vehicle and the traffic upon and the condition of the highway.
(2)
(a)
Upon a highway outside a business or residence district, the operator of any motor truck with a gross weight of more than 10,000 pounds or of any motor vehicle which is drawing or towing another vehicle where the combined gross weight is more than 10,000 pounds shall do all of the following:
1.
Keep the vehicle he or she is operating at a distance of not less than 500 feet to the rear of any vehicle immediately preceding it, being driven in the same direction.
2.
Leave sufficient space so that an overtaking vehicle may enter and occupy such space without danger.
(b)
This subsection does not apply upon any lane especially designated for use by motor trucks or by truck tractor-semitrailer or tractor-trailer units nor does it apply when overtaking and passing another vehicle, but the fact that the operator of any vehicle or combination of vehicles mentioned in this subsection follows the preceding vehicle more closely than 500 feet for one mile or more or follows more closely than 500 feet when the preceding vehicle is moving at the maximum speed then and there permissible for such following vehicle is prima facie evidence that the operator of such following vehicle is violating this subsection.
(c)
This subsection does not apply to an operator of vehicle in a platoon other than the lead vehicle.
History:  1987 a. 27; 1989 a. 105; 2017 a. 294.
Sub. (1) not only imposes a duty upon a tailgating driver to the driver of the preceding vehicle, but to all other cars and persons who are causally affected by the negligence of tailgating. Northland Insurance Co. v. Avis Rent-A-Car, 62 Wis. 2d 643, 215 N.W.2d 439 (1974).
This section does not impose an absolute liability upon drivers to avoid accidents. Millonig v. Bakken, 112 Wis. 2d 445, 334 N.W.2d 80 (1983).
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.15 - Driving on divided highway.

346.15
Driving on divided highway.
Whenever any highway has been divided into 2 roadways by an intervening unpaved or otherwise clearly indicated dividing space or by a physical barrier constructed to substantially impede crossing by vehicular traffic, the operator of a vehicle shall drive only to the right of the space or barrier and no operator of a vehicle shall drive over, across, or within the space or barrier except through an opening or at a crossover or intersection established by the authority in charge of the maintenance of the highway, except that the operator of a vehicle when making a left turn to or from a private driveway, alley, or highway or making a U-turn may drive across a paved dividing space or a physical barrier not constructed to impede crossing by vehicular traffic, unless the crossing is prohibited by signs erected by the authority in charge of the maintenance of the highway.
History:  2009 a. 97.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.16 - Use of controlled-access highways, expressways and freeways.

346.16
Use of controlled-access highways, expressways and freeways.
(1)
No person shall drive a vehicle onto or from a controlled-access highway, expressway or freeway except through an opening provided for that purpose.
(2)
(a)
Except as provided in par. (b), no pedestrian or person riding a bicycle or other nonmotorized vehicle and no person operating a moped or motor bicycle may go upon any expressway or freeway when official signs have been erected prohibiting such person from using the expressway or freeway.
(am)
Notwithstanding s. 349.105 and except as provided in par. (b), no person riding an electric scooter or an electric personal assistive mobility device may go upon any expressway or freeway when official signs have been erected prohibiting persons specified in par. (a) from using the expressway or freeway.
(ar)
Notwithstanding s. 349.105, no person operating an off-road utility vehicle or a lightweight utility vehicle, as defined in s. 346.94 (21) (a) 2., may go upon any expressway or freeway when official signs have been erected prohibiting persons specified in par. (a) from using the expressway or freeway, except that a lightweight utility vehicle may cross such an expressway or freeway.
(b)
A pedestrian or other person under par. (a) or (am) may go upon a portion of a hiking trail, cross-country ski trail, bridle trail or bicycle trail incorporated into the highway right-of-way and crossing the highway if the portion of the trail is constructed under s. 84.06 (11).
History:  1983 a. 243; 1987 a. 98; 2001 a. 90; 2003 a. 192; 2009 a. 157; 2019 a. 11.
Cross-reference:  See s. 59.84 (2) (j) for additional restrictions on the use of expressways in Milwaukee County.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.177 - Railroad crossing improvement surcharge for vehicles illegally passing at railroad crossings.

346.177
Railroad crossing improvement surcharge for vehicles illegally passing at railroad crossings.
(1)
Whenever a court imposes a forfeiture under s. 346.17 (2m) for a violation of s. 346.10 (1), the court shall also impose a railroad crossing improvement surcharge under ch. 814 equal to 50 percent of the amount of the forfeiture.
(2)
If a forfeiture is suspended in whole or in part, the railroad crossing improvement surcharge shall be reduced in proportion to the suspension.
(3)
If any deposit is made for an offense to which this section applies, the person making the deposit shall also deposit a sufficient amount to include the railroad crossing improvement surcharge under this section. If the deposit is forfeited, the amount of the railroad crossing improvement surcharge shall be transmitted to the secretary of administration under sub. (4). If the deposit is returned, the amount of the railroad crossing improvement surcharge shall also be returned.
(4)
The clerk of the circuit court shall collect and transmit to the county treasurer the railroad crossing improvement surcharge as required under s. 59.40 (2) (m). The county treasurer shall then pay the secretary of administration as provided in s. 59.25 (3) (f) 2. The secretary of administration shall deposit all amounts received under this subsection in the transportation fund to be appropriated under s. 20.395 (2) (gj).
History:  1997 a. 237; 2003 a. 33, 139, 326.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.19 - What to do on approach of emergency vehicle.

346.19
What to do on approach of emergency vehicle.
(1)
Upon the approach of any authorized emergency vehicle giving audible signal by siren the operator of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way and shall immediately drive such vehicle to a position as near as possible and parallel to the right curb or the right-hand edge of the shoulder of the roadway, clear of any intersection and, unless otherwise directed by a traffic officer, shall stop and remain standing in such position until the authorized emergency vehicle has passed.
(2)
This section does not relieve the operator of an authorized emergency vehicle from the duty to drive with due regard under the circumstances for the safety of all persons using the highway.
History:  1993 a. 490.
This section, regarding the requirements on the approach of an emergency vehicle, is the proper statute to invoke when the proof requirements for fleeing under s. 346.04 are not met. 76 Atty. Gen. 214.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.20 - Right-of-way of funeral processions and military convoys.

346.20
Right-of-way of funeral processions and military convoys.
(1)
Except as provided in sub. (4), the operator of a vehicle not in a funeral procession or military convoy shall yield the right-of-way at an intersection to vehicles in a funeral procession or military convoy when vehicles comprising such procession have their headlights lighted.
(2)
The operator of a vehicle not in a funeral procession shall not drive the vehicle between the vehicles of the funeral procession, except when authorized to do so by a traffic officer or when such vehicle is an authorized emergency vehicle giving audible signal by siren.
(3)
Operators of vehicles not a part of a funeral procession or military convoy shall not form a procession or convoy and have their headlights lighted for the purpose of securing the right-of-way granted by this section to funeral processions or military convoys.
(4)
(a)
Operators of vehicles in a funeral procession or military convoy shall yield the right-of-way in accordance with s. 346.19 upon the approach of an authorized emergency vehicle giving audible signal by siren.
(b)
Operators of vehicles in a funeral procession or military convoy shall yield the right-of-way when directed to do so by a traffic officer.
(c)
The operator of the leading vehicle in a funeral procession or military convoy shall comply with stop signs and traffic control signals, but when the leading vehicle has proceeded across an intersection in accordance with such signal or after stopping as required by the stop sign, all vehicles in such procession may proceed without stopping, regardless of the sign or signal.
History:  1977 c. 43; 1991 a. 73, 316; 1993 a. 490.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.21 - Right-of-way of livestock.

346.21
Right-of-way of livestock.
The operator of a motor vehicle shall yield the right-of-way to livestock being driven over or along any highway but any person in charge of such livestock shall use reasonable care and diligence to open the roadway for vehicular traffic.
History:  1993 a. 490.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.215 - Emergency vehicles operated as escorts and rights-of-way related to escorted vehicles.

346.215
Emergency vehicles operated as escorts and rights-of-way related to escorted vehicles.
(1)
In this section, “emergency vehicle" means an authorized emergency vehicle as defined in s. 340.01 (3) (a), (c), (dm), (e), (f), (g), (h), or (i).
(2)
(a)
Except as provided in par. (b), and notwithstanding s. 346.03 (1) and (4), the operator of an emergency vehicle escorting any vehicle or procession of vehicles may exercise the privileges specified in s. 346.03 (2) (b) if the operator of the emergency vehicle is giving visual signal as described in s. 346.03 (3). The operator of the emergency vehicle under this subsection is not required to give an audible signal as described in s. 346.03 (3). This subsection applies only if the vehicle, or in the case of a procession of vehicles the entire procession, is escorted by at least 2 emergency vehicles, at least one of which is leading the vehicle or procession of vehicles and at least one of which is at the rear of the vehicle or procession of vehicles, and only if the requirement under sub. (4) is satisfied. Notwithstanding ss. 346.18 (3), 346.37 (1) (c) 1., and 346.46 (1) and (2), any operator of a vehicle being escorted under this subsection may accompany these emergency vehicles as they proceed past any red or stop signal or stop sign in accordance with the privileges specified in this subsection.
(b)
The operator of an emergency vehicle escorting a vehicle or procession of vehicles, and the operator of any vehicle being escorted, shall yield the right-of-way in accordance with s. 346.19 upon the approach of an authorized emergency vehicle giving an audible signal by siren.
(3)
Except as provided in sub. (2) (b), the operator of a vehicle other than an escorted vehicle or escorting emergency vehicle shall yield the right-of-way at an intersection to an escorted vehicle or escorting emergency vehicle and shall not, except when authorized to do so by a traffic officer, drive between these escorting and escorted vehicles.
(4)
The privileges specified in sub. (2) (a) do not apply to the operator of an emergency vehicle unless, prior to escorting any vehicle as provided under sub. (2) (a), the employer of the operator of the emergency vehicle has provided written guidelines for its employees regarding the escorting of vehicles under this section.
History:  2009 a. 46; 2013 a. 313.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.23 - Crossing controlled intersection or crosswalk.

346.23
Crossing controlled intersection or crosswalk.
(1)
At an intersection or crosswalk where traffic is controlled by traffic control signals or by a traffic officer, the operator of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way to a pedestrian or personal delivery device, or to a person who is riding a bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device in a manner which is consistent with the safe use of the crosswalk by pedestrians, that has started to cross the highway on a green signal or a pedestrian signal authorizing crossing and in all other cases pedestrians, bicyclists, and riders of electric scooters and electric personal assistive mobility devices shall yield, and personal delivery device operators shall ensure that personal delivery devices yield, the right-of-way to vehicles lawfully proceeding directly ahead on a green signal. No operator of a vehicle proceeding ahead on a green signal may begin a turn at a controlled intersection or crosswalk when a pedestrian, personal delivery device, bicyclist, or rider of an electric scooter or an electric personal assistive mobility device crossing in the crosswalk on a green signal or a pedestrian signal authorizing crossing would be endangered or interfered with in any way. The rules stated in this subsection are modified at intersections or crosswalks on divided highways or highways provided with safety zones in the manner and to the extent stated in sub. (2).
(2)
At intersections or crosswalks on divided highways or highways provided with safety zones where traffic is controlled by traffic control signals or by a traffic officer, the operator of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way to a pedestrian, personal delivery device, bicyclist, or rider of an electric scooter or an electric personal assistive mobility device that has started to cross the roadway either from the near curb or shoulder or from the center dividing strip or a safety zone with the green signal or a pedestrian signal authorizing crossing in the favor of the pedestrian, personal delivery device, bicyclist, or rider of an electric scooter or an electric personal assistive mobility device.
History:  1979 c. 36; 1985 a. 69; 2001 a. 90; 2015 a. 104; 2017 a. 13; 2019 a. 11.
In order for a motorist to have a duty to yield under s. 346.24, the pedestrian must be “crossing” within the crosswalk as provided under s. 346.24 (1) and not have entered in such a manner as to make it difficult for the motorist to yield as provided under s. 346.24 (2). The requirements under this section, however, are that the pedestrian be “crossing” or have “started to cross” on a “Walk” light. The burden on the motorist is more absolute under this section than under s. 346.24. Schoenauer v. Wendinger, 49 Wis. 2d 415, 182 N.W.2d 441 (1971).
Pedestrians have the right-of-way on a green light only where there are no pedestrian control signals. City of Hartford v. Godfrey, 92 Wis. 2d 815, 286 N.W.2d 10 (Ct. App. 1979).
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.24 - Crossing at uncontrolled intersection or crosswalk.

346.24
Crossing at uncontrolled intersection or crosswalk.
(1)
At an intersection or crosswalk where traffic is not controlled by traffic control signals or by a traffic officer, the operator of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way to a pedestrian or personal delivery device, or to a person riding a bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device in a manner which is consistent with the safe use of the crosswalk by pedestrians, that is crossing the highway within a marked or unmarked crosswalk.
(2)
No pedestrian, personal delivery device, bicyclist, or rider of an electric scooter or an electric personal assistive mobility device may suddenly leave, and no personal delivery device operator may allow a personal delivery device to suddenly leave, a curb or other place of safety and walk, run, or ride into the path of a vehicle which is so close that it is difficult for the operator of the vehicle to yield.
(3)
Whenever any vehicle is stopped at an intersection or crosswalk to permit a pedestrian, personal delivery device, bicyclist, or rider of an electric scooter or an electric personal assistive mobility device to cross the roadway, the operator of any other vehicle approaching from the rear may not overtake and pass the stopped vehicle.
History:  1985 a. 69; 2001 a. 90; 2017 a. 13; 2019 a. 11.
In order for a motorist to have a duty to yield under this section, the pedestrian must be “crossing” within the crosswalk as provided under sub. (1) and not have entered in such a manner as to make it difficult for the motorist to yield as provided under sub. (2). The requirements under s. 346.23, however, are that the pedestrian be “crossing” or have “started to cross” on a “Walk” light. The burden on the motorist is more absolute under s. 346.23 than under this section. Schoenauer v. Wendinger, 49 Wis. 2d 415, 182 N.W.2d 441 (1971).
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.25 - Crossing at place other than crosswalk.

346.25
Crossing at place other than crosswalk.
Every pedestrian, bicyclist, or rider of an electric scooter or an electric personal assistive mobility device crossing a roadway at any point other than within a marked or unmarked crosswalk shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles upon the roadway.
History:  1985 a. 69; 2001 a. 90; 2019 a. 11.
Section 891.44 provides an exception to this section, and the standard instruction is not to be given when the pedestrian is a child under seven. Thoreson v. Milwaukee & Suburban Transport Corp., 56 Wis. 2d 231, 201 N.W.2d 745 (1972).
This section does not apply to bicyclists operating on the roadway and only applies to bicyclists acting as pedestrians by operating on sidewalks and within crosswalks. Chernetski v. American Family Mutual Insurance Co., 183 Wis. 2d 68, 515 N.W.2d 283 (Ct. App. 1994).
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.26 - Blind pedestrian on highway.

346.26
Blind pedestrian on highway.
(1)
An operator of a vehicle shall stop the vehicle before approaching closer than 10 feet to a pedestrian who is carrying a cane or walking stick which is white in color or white trimmed with red and which is held in an extended or raised position or who is using a service animal, as defined in s. 106.52 (1) (fm), and shall take such precautions as may be necessary to avoid accident or injury to the pedestrian. The fact that the pedestrian may be violating any of the laws applicable to pedestrians does not relieve the operator of a vehicle from the duties imposed by this subsection.
(2)
Nothing in this section shall be construed to deprive any totally or partially blind person not carrying the white or the red and white cane or walking stick or not using a service animal, as defined in s. 106.52 (1) (fm), of the rights of other pedestrians crossing highways, nor shall the failure of such totally or partially blind pedestrian to carry such cane or walking stick or to use a service animal be evidence of any negligence.
(3)
No person who is not totally or partially blind shall carry or use on any street, highway or other public place any cane or walking stick which is white in color, or white trimmed with red.
History:  1977 c. 302; 2005 a. 354.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.27 - Persons working on highway.

346.27
Persons working on highway.
The operator of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way to persons engaged in maintenance or construction work on a highway whenever the operator is notified of their presence by flagmen or warning signs.
History:  1991 a. 316; 1993 a. 490.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.28 - Pedestrians to walk on left side of highway; drivers to yield on sidewalks.

346.28
Pedestrians to walk on left side of highway; drivers to yield on sidewalks.
(1)
Any pedestrian traveling along and upon a highway other than upon a sidewalk shall travel on and along the left side of the highway and upon meeting a vehicle shall, if practicable, move to the extreme outer limit of the traveled portion of the highway.
(2)
Operators of vehicles shall yield the right-of-way to pedestrians, personal delivery devices, bicyclists, and riders of electric scooters and electric personal assistive mobility devices on sidewalks as required by s. 346.47.
History:  1985 a. 69; 1987 a. 259; 2001 a. 90; 2017 a. 13; 2019 a. 11; 2021 a. 239 s. 74.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.29 - When standing or loitering in roadway or highway prohibited.

346.29
When standing or loitering in roadway or highway prohibited.
(1)
No person shall be on a roadway for the purpose of soliciting a ride from the operator of any vehicle other than a public passenger vehicle.
(2)
No person shall stand or loiter on any roadway other than in a safety zone if such act interferes with the lawful movement of traffic.
(3)
No person shall be on a bridge or approach thereto for the purpose of utilizing such bridge or approach for fishing or swimming when signs have been erected by the authority in charge of maintenance of the highway indicating that fishing or swimming off of such bridge or approach is prohibited.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.30 - Penalty for violating sections 346.23 to 346.29.

346.30
Penalty for violating sections 346.23 to 346.29.
(1)
(a)
Any pedestrian violating s. 346.23, 346.24 (2), 346.25, 346.28 or 346.29 and any personal delivery device operator violating s. 346.23 or 346.24 (2) may be required to forfeit not less than $2 nor more than $20 for the first offense and not less than $10 nor more than $50 for the 2nd or subsequent conviction within a year.
(b)
1.
Except as provided in subd. 2. or sub. (5), any operator of a vehicle violating s. 346.23 or 346.28 may be required to forfeit not less than $20 nor more than $40 for the first offense and not less than $50 nor more than $100 for the 2nd or subsequent conviction within a year.
2.
Any operator of a bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device violating s. 346.23, 346.24 or 346.25 may be required to forfeit not more than $20.
(2)
Unless otherwise provided in sub. (1) (b) 2., any person violating s. 346.24 (1) or (3) may be required to forfeit not less than $30 nor more than $300.
(3)
Any person violating s. 346.26 may be required to forfeit not less than $25 nor more than $200 for the first offense and may be required to forfeit not less than $50 nor more than $500 for the 2nd or subsequent conviction within a year.
(4)
Any person violating s. 346.27 may be required to forfeit not less than $60 nor more than $600.
(5)
(a)
If a person violates s. 346.23 and the violation results in great bodily harm, as defined in s. 939.22 (14), to another, the person shall forfeit $500.
(b)
If a person violates s. 346.23 and the violation results in death to another, the person shall forfeit $1,000.
History:  1971 c. 278; 1983 a. 27; 1985 a. 69; 1993 a. 198; 2001 a. 90; 2017 a. 13, 105; 2019 a. 11.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.31 - Required position and method of turning at intersections.

346.31
Required position and method of turning at intersections.
(1)
Turns indicated by pavement markings. Where state or local authorities have placed pavement markings or signs within or adjacent to an intersection directing traffic turning at such intersection to follow a particular course, the operator of a vehicle turning at such intersection shall comply with such directions. In the absence of such pavement markings or signs, the operator of a vehicle intending to turn at an intersection shall do as provided in subs. (2) to (4).
(2)
Right turns. Both the approach for a right turn and the right turn shall be made as closely as practicable to the right-hand edge or curb of the roadway. If, because of the size of the vehicle or the nature of the intersecting roadway, the turn cannot be made from the traffic lane next to the right-hand edge of the roadway, the turn shall be made with due regard for all other traffic.
(3)
Left turns and U-turns. Except as otherwise provided in sub. (4), left turns at intersections shall be made as follows:
(a)
The approach for a left turn or U-turn shall be made in the lane farthest to the left which is lawfully available to traffic moving in the direction of travel of the vehicle about to turn left. Unless otherwise marked or posted, this means the lane immediately to the right of the center line or center dividing strip of a 2-way highway and the lane next to the left-hand curb or edge of the roadway of a one-way highway.
(b)
The intersection shall be entered in the lane of approach and, whenever practicable, the left turn or U-turn shall be made in that portion of the intersection immediately to the left of the center of the intersection. For the purposes of this paragraph, a divided highway intersected by any other highway is considered to be one intersection.
(c)
A left turn shall be completed so as to enter the intersecting highway in that lane farthest to the left which is lawfully available to traffic moving in the direction of the vehicle completing the left turn. Unless otherwise marked or posted, this means the lane immediately to the right of the center line or center dividing strip of a 2-way highway and the lane next to the left-hand curb or edge of the roadway of a one-way highway.
(4)
Left turns and U-turns on 3-lane highways. On a 2-way highway having an uneven number of lanes the approach for a left turn or U-turn shall be made in the center lane, unless otherwise posted or marked. A left turn into a 2-way highway having an uneven number of lanes shall be made so as to enter the highway in the lane immediately to the right of the center lane.
History:  2009 a. 97; 2015 a. 124.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.32 - Required position for turning into private road or driveway.

346.32
Required position for turning into private road or driveway.
The operator of a vehicle on a highway who intends to turn into a private road or driveway shall make the approach for the turn in the same manner as specified in s. 346.31 for vehicles making an approach for a right or left turn at an intersection. If, because of the size of the vehicle or the nature of the intersecting private road or driveway, the turn cannot be made from the specified lane of approach, the turn shall be made with due regard for all other traffic.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.33 - U-turns.

346.33
U-turns.
(1)
The operator of a vehicle may not make a U-turn upon a highway at any of the following places:
(a)
At any intersection at which traffic is being controlled by a traffic officer unless instructed by the officer to make a U-turn.
(b)
In mid-block on any street in a business district, except where the highway is a divided highway and where the U-turn is made at an opening or crossover established by the authority in charge of the maintenance of the highway.
(c)
In mid-block on any through highway in a residence district, except where the highway is a divided highway and where the U-turn is made at an opening or crossover established by the authority in charge of the maintenance of the highway.
(d)
At any place where signs prohibiting a U-turn have been erected by the authority in charge of the maintenance of the highway.
(e)
Upon a curve or upon the approach to or near the crest of a grade on any undivided highway where the vehicle cannot be seen by the driver of any other vehicle within 500 feet approaching from any direction.
(f)
At any place where a U-turn cannot be made safely or without interfering with other traffic.
(1m)
The operator of a vehicle shall exercise due care when making a U-turn upon a highway and shall only make a U-turn when the movement can be made safely and without interfering with other traffic.
(2)
The operator of a vehicle may not back the vehicle at an intersection controlled by an official traffic control device for the purpose of making a U-turn.
(3)
In this section, “mid-block" means any part of a street or highway other than an intersection.
History:  1971 c. 203; 1991 a. 316; 2009 a. 97.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.34 - Turning movements and required signals on turning and stopping.

346.34
Turning movements and required signals on turning and stopping.
(1)
Turning.
(a)
No person may:
1.
Turn a vehicle at an intersection unless the vehicle is in proper position upon the roadway as required in s. 346.31.
2.
Turn a vehicle to enter a private road or driveway unless the vehicle is in proper position on the roadway as required in s. 346.32.
3.
Turn a vehicle from a direct course or move right or left upon a roadway unless and until such movement can be made with reasonable safety.
(b)
In the event any other traffic may be affected by the movement, no person may turn any vehicle without giving an appropriate signal in the manner provided in s. 346.35. A person making a U-turn shall use the same signal used to indicate a left turn. When given by the operator of a vehicle other than a bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device, the signal shall be given continuously during not less than the last 100 feet traveled by the vehicle before turning. The operator of a bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device shall give the signal continuously during not less than the last 50 feet traveled before turning. A signal by the hand and arm need not be given continuously if the hand is needed in the control or operation of the bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device.
(2)
Stopping. No person may stop or suddenly decrease the speed of a vehicle without first giving an appropriate signal in the manner provided in s. 346.35 to the operator of any vehicle immediately to the rear when there is opportunity to give such signal. This subsection does not apply to the operator of a bicycle approaching an official stop sign or traffic control signal.
History:  1973 c. 182; 1995 a. 138; 2001 a. 90; 2009 a. 97; 2019 a. 11.
When it is impossible to signal for the last 100 feet before turning, the 100 feet requirement does not apply. Betchkal v. Willis, 127 Wis. 2d 177, 378 N.W.2d 684 (1985).
Sub. (1) (b) states that a driver must use a turn signal in “the event that any other traffic may be affected." The defendant did not violate this statute when the defendant made a left turn without using the defendant's signal when there was no oncoming or following traffic or pedestrians present when the defendant turned. State v. Anagnos, 2011 WI App 118, 337 Wis. 2d 57, 805 N.W.2d 722, 10-1812.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.35 - Method of giving signals on turning and stopping.

346.35
Method of giving signals on turning and stopping.
Whenever a stop or turn signal is required by s. 346.34, such signal may in any event be given by a signal lamp or lamps of a type meeting the specifications set forth in s. 347.15. Except as provided in s. 347.15 (3m), such signals also may be given by the hand and arm in lieu of or in addition to signals by signal lamp. When given by hand and arm, such signals, except signals by the operator of a bicycle, who may use either hand and arm, shall be given from the left side of the vehicle in the following manner and shall indicate as follows:
(1)
Left turn or U-turn — Hand and arm extended horizontally.
(2)
Right turn — Hand and arm extended upward.
(3)
Stop or decrease speed — Hand and arm extended downward.
History:  2009 a. 97; 2011 a. 73.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.36 - Penalty for violating sections 346.31 to 346.35.

346.36
Penalty for violating sections 346.31 to 346.35.
(1)
Except as provided in subs. (2) and (3), any person violating ss. 346.31 to 346.35 may be required to forfeit not less than $20 nor more than $40 for the first offense and not less than $50 nor more than $100 for the 2nd or subsequent conviction within a year.
(2)
Any operator of a bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device violating ss. 346.31 to 346.35 may be required to forfeit not more than $20.
(3)
(a)
If a person violates s. 346.31 and the violation results in great bodily harm, as defined in s. 939.22 (14), to another, the person shall forfeit $500.
(b)
If a person violates s. 346.31 and the violation results in death to another, the person shall forfeit $1,000.
History:  1971 c. 278; 1977 c. 208; 2001 a. 90; 2017 a. 105; 2019 a. 11.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.38 - Pedestrian control signals.

346.38
Pedestrian control signals.
(1)
Walk. A pedestrian, or a person riding a bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device in a manner which is consistent with the safe use of the crossing by pedestrians, facing a pedestrian signal authorizing crossing may proceed, and a personal delivery device operator may allow a personal delivery device facing a pedestrian signal authorizing crossing to proceed, across the roadway or other vehicular crossing in the direction of the signal and the operators of all vehicles shall yield the right-of-way to the pedestrian, personal delivery device, bicyclist, or electric scooter or electric personal assistive mobility device rider.
(2)
Don't walk. No pedestrian, personal delivery device, bicyclist, or rider of an electric scooter or an electric personal assistive mobility device may start to cross, and no personal delivery device operator may allow a personal delivery device to start to cross, the roadway or other vehicular crossing in the direction of a pedestrian signal limiting crossing, regardless of whether the signal is steady or flashing, but any pedestrian, personal delivery device, bicyclist, or rider of an electric scooter or an electric personal assistive mobility device that has partially completed crossing on the pedestrian signal authorizing crossing may proceed to a sidewalk or safety zone while a pedestrian signal limiting crossing is showing.
History:  1975 c. 229, 421; 1979 c. 36; 1985 a. 69; 2001 a. 90; 2015 a. 104; 2017 a. 13; 2019 a. 11.
Pedestrians have the right-of-way on a green light only where there are no pedestrian control signals. City of Hartford v. Godfrey, 92 Wis. 2d 815, 286 N.W.2d 10 (Ct. App. 1979).
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.39 - Flashing signals.

346.39
Flashing signals.
Whenever flashing red or yellow signals are used they require obedience by vehicular traffic as follows:
(1)
Flashing red (stop signal). When a red lens is illuminated with rapid intermittent flashes, operators of vehicles shall stop before entering the nearest crosswalk at an intersection or at a limit line when marked, or, if none, then before entering the intersection, and the right to proceed is subject to the rules applicable after making a stop at a stop sign.
(2)
Flashing yellow (caution signal). Subject to s. 346.37 (1) (e), when a yellow lens is illuminated with rapid intermittent flashes, operators of vehicles may proceed through the intersection or past such signal only with caution.
History:  2015 a. 74.
Sub. (2) imposes a greater duty of care on a driver proceeding through an intersection with a flashing yellow light than on a driver proceeding where an intersection is not so controlled. Sabinasz v. Milwaukee & Suburban Transport Corp., 71 Wis. 2d 218, 238 N.W.2d 99 (1976).
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.40 - Whistle signals.

346.40
Whistle signals.
(1)
Whenever traffic is alternately being directed to stop and to proceed by a traffic officer using a whistle, such officer shall use the following whistle signals which shall signify as follows:
(a)
One blast of the whistle means that all traffic not within the intersection shall stop.
(b)
Two blasts of the whistle means that traffic which had been stopped prior to the one blast shall proceed through the intersection and that the traffic which was stopped by the one blast shall remain stopped.
(2)
The traffic officer shall regulate the interval between the one and the 2 blasts so as to permit traffic that is legally within the intersection to clear the intersection.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.41 - Display of unauthorized signs and signals prohibited.

346.41
Display of unauthorized signs and signals prohibited.
(1)
No person shall place, maintain, or display upon or in view of any highway or at or in view of any railroad crossing any unauthorized sign, light, reflector, signal, pavement marking, or device which:
(a)
Purports to be or is an imitation of or resembles or may be mistaken for an official traffic sign or signal or railroad sign or signal; or
(b)
Attempts to direct the movement of traffic; or
(c)
Hides from view or by its color, location, brilliance or manner of operation interferes with the effectiveness of any official traffic sign or signal or railroad sign or signal.
(2)
No person may place or maintain, and no public authority may permit upon any highway, any traffic control device bearing any advertising, except that a federal or fluorescent yellow flag, not less than 20 inches nor more than 24 inches square and bearing either the words “Safety Patrol" or “School," attached to a light weight pole 8 feet or less in length may be used by members of school safety patrols standing adjacent to but off the roadway to warn traffic that children are about to cross the roadway.
(3)
No person shall place or maintain, or allow to be displayed any red or amber reflector within the limits of the highway boundaries at or near the entrance to a private road or driveway. The use of blue reflectors is permitted provided there is no disapproval by the highway authority in charge of maintenance of the highway.
History:  1981 c. 42; 2009 a. 88; 2015 a. 124.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.42 - Interference with signs and signals prohibited.

346.42
Interference with signs and signals prohibited.
No person may intentionally damage, deface, move, or obstruct an official traffic sign or signal or neighborhood watch sign under s. 60.23 (17m) or 66.0429 (2) or intentionally interfere with the effective operation of such sign or signal.
History:  1985 a. 194; 1987 a. 205; 1999 a. 150 s. 672.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.43 - Penalty for violating sections 346.37 to 346.42.

346.43
Penalty for violating sections 346.37 to 346.42.
(1)
(a)
Any pedestrian or personal delivery device operator violating s. 346.37 or 346.38 may be required to forfeit not less than $2 nor more than $20 for the first offense and not less than $10 nor more than $50 for the 2nd or subsequent conviction within a year.
(b)
1.
Except as provided in subd. 2. or 3. or sub. (4), any operator of a vehicle violating ss. 346.37 to 346.39 may be required to forfeit not less than $20 nor more than $40 for the first offense and not less than $50 nor more than $100 for the 2nd or subsequent conviction within a year.
2.
Any operator of a bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device violating s. 346.37, 346.38 or 346.39 may be required to forfeit not more than $20.
3.
a.
Except as provided in subd. 3. b., if an operator of a vehicle violates s. 346.37 or 346.39 where persons engaged in work in a highway maintenance or construction area, utility work area, or emergency or roadside response area are at risk from traffic, any applicable minimum and maximum forfeiture specified in subd. 1. for the violation shall be doubled.
b.
If an operator of a vehicle violates s. 346.37 or 346.39 where persons engaged in work in a highway maintenance or construction area, utility work area, or emergency or roadside response area are at risk from traffic and the violation results in bodily harm, as defined in s. 939.22 (4), to another, the operator may be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned for not more than 9 months, or both. In addition to the penalties specified under this subd. 3. b., a court may also order a person convicted under this subd. 3. b. to perform not fewer than 100 nor more than 200 hours of community service work and attend traffic safety school, as provided under s. 345.60.
(2)
Any person violating s. 346.42 may be required to forfeit not less than $30 nor more than $300.
(3)
Any person violating s. 346.41 may be required to forfeit not less than $25 nor more than $200 for the first offense and may be required to forfeit not less than $50 nor more than $500 for the 2nd or subsequent conviction within a year.
(4)
(a)
Except as provided in sub. (1) (b) 3. b., if a person violates s. 346.37 (1) (a) 1., (c) 3., or (d) 1. or 346.39 (1) and the violation results in great bodily harm, as defined in s. 939.22 (14), to another, the person shall forfeit $500.
(b)
Except as provided in sub. (1) (b) 3. b., if a person violates s. 346.37 (1) (a) 1., (c) 3., or (d) 1. or 346.39 (1) and the violation results in death to another, the person shall forfeit $1,000.
History:  1971 c. 278, 336; 1973 c. 182; 1983 a. 27; 1985 a. 69 s. 16; 1993 a. 198; 1997 a. 277; 2001 a. 90; 2017 a. 13, 105; 2019 a. 11; 2021 a. 115.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.44 - All vehicles to stop at signal indicating approach of train.

346.44
All vehicles to stop at signal indicating approach of train.
(1)
The operator of a vehicle shall not drive on or across a railroad crossing under any of the following circumstances:
(a)
While any traffic officer or railroad employee signals to stop;
(b)
While any warning device signals to stop, except that if the operator of the vehicle after stopping and investigating finds that no railroad train or railroad track equipment is approaching the operator may proceed.
(c)
If any crossbuck sign specified under s. 192.29 (5) (a) is maintained at the crossing, while any railroad train or railroad track equipment occupies the crossing or approaches so closely to the crossing as to constitute a hazard of collision.
(2)
The operator of a vehicle shall not drive through, around or under any crossing gate or barrier at a railroad crossing while such gate or barrier is closed or is being opened or closed.
History:  1991 a. 316; 2005 a. 95; 2011 a. 101.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 346 - Rules of the road. › 346.445 - Limitations on pedestrians and personal delivery devices crossing railroad tracks.

346.445
Limitations on pedestrians and personal delivery devices crossing railroad tracks.
(1)
No pedestrian may enter or cross a railroad crossing, and no personal delivery device operator may allow a personal delivery device to enter or cross a railroad crossing, under any of the following circumstances:
(a)
While a traffic officer or railroad employee signals to stop.
(b)
While a warning device signals to stop, except that if the pedestrian after stopping and investigating, or the personal delivery device operator after stopping the personal delivery device and investigating, finds that no railroad train or railroad track equipment is approaching, the pedestrian or personal delivery device may proceed.
(c)
If any crossbuck sign specified under s. 192.29 (5) (a) is maintained at the crossing, while a railroad train or railroad track equipment occupies the crossing or approaches so closely to the crossing as to constitute a hazard of collision.
(2)
No pedestrian may cross, and no personal delivery device operator may allow a personal delivery device to cross, through, around, over, or under any crossing gate or barrier at a railroad crossing while the gate or barrier is closed or is being opened or closed.
(3)
No pedestrian may cross through or around or climb over or under, and no personal delivery device operator may allow a personal delivery device to cross through or around or climb over or under, a railroad train or railroad track equipment while the railroad train or railroad track equipment occupies a railroad crossing.
History:  2013 a. 219; 2017 a. 13.