2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 36. Estates and Property › Article 3. Form and Effect of Deeds and Contracts › §36-3-11. Correcting Errors in Deeds, Deeds of Trust, and Mortgages; Corrective Affidavit

(a)
Definitions.
As used in this section, unless the context requires a different meaning:
(1) "Attorney" means any person licensed as an attorney in West Virginia by the West Virginia State Bar.
(2) "Corrective affidavit" means an affidavit of an attorney correcting an obvious description error.
(3) "Local entity" means any county, city, town, municipality, public utility, or person, including any individual, firm, partnership, association, not-for-profit corporation, or other corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of West Virginia.
(4) "Obvious description error" means an error in a real property parcel description contained in a recorded deed, deed of trust, or mortgage where:
(A) The parcel is identified and shown as a separate parcel on a recorded subdivision plat;
(B) The error is apparent by reference to other information on the face of the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage, or on an attachment to the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage, or by reference to other instruments in the chain of title for the property conveyed thereby; and
(C) The deed, deed of trust, or mortgage recites elsewhere the parcels correct address or tax map identification number.
(D) An "obvious description error" includes:
(i) An error transcribing courses and distances, including the omission of one or more lines of courses, and distances or the omission of angles and compass directions;
(ii) An error incorporating an incorrect recorded plat or a deed reference;
(iii) An error in a lot number or designation; or
(iv) An omitted exhibit supplying the legal description of the real property thereby conveyed.
(E) An "obvious description error" does not include:
(i) Missing or improper signatures or acknowledgments; or
(ii) Any designation of the type of tenancy by which the property is owned or whether or not a right of survivorship exists.
(5) "Recorded subdivision plat" means a plat that has been prepared by a professional land surveyor licensed pursuant to W. Va. Code 30-13A-1
et seq.
of this code and recorded in the clerks office of the circuit court for the jurisdiction where the property is located.
(6) "Title insurance" has the same meaning as set forth in W. Va. 33-1-10(f)(4) of this code.
(7) "Title insurance company" means the company that issued a policy of title insurance for the transaction in which the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage needing correction was recorded.
(b) Obvious description errors in a recorded deed, deed of trust, or mortgage purporting to convey or transfer an interest in real property may be corrected by recording a corrective affidavit in the office of the clerk of the county commission of the county where the property is situated or where the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage needing correction was recorded. A correction of an obvious description error shall not be inconsistent with the description of the property in any recorded subdivision plat.
(c) Prior to recording a corrective affidavit, notice of the intent to record the corrective affidavit, of each partys right to object to the corrective affidavit, and a copy of the corrective affidavit shall be served upon:
(1) All parties to the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage, including the current owner of the property;
(2) The attorney who prepared the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage, if known and if possible;
(3) To the title insurance company, if known;
(4) To the adjoining property owners;
(5) To the property address for the real property conveyed by the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage needing correction;
(6) If a local entity is a party to the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage, the notice and a copy of the corrective affidavit required by this subsection, to the county, city, or town attorney for the local entity, if any, and if there is no such attorney, then to the chief executive for the local entity. For the purposes of this section, the term "party" includes any local entity that is a signatory; and
(7) If the State of West Virginia is a party to the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage, the notice and a copy of the corrective affidavit required by this subsection, to the Attorney General and to the director, chief executive officer, or head of the state agency or chairman of the board of the state entity in possession or that had possession of the property.
(d) The notice and a copy of the corrective affidavit shall be delivered by personal service, sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, or delivered by a commercial overnight delivery service or the United States Postal Service, and a receipt obtained, to the last known address of each party to the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage to be corrected that:
(1) Is admitted to record in the office of the clerk of the county commission of the county in which the property is situate and where the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage needing correction was recorded;
(2) Is contained in the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage needing correction;
(3) Has been provided to the attorney who prepared the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage as a forwarding address; or
(4) Has been established with reasonable certainty by other means and to all other persons and entities to whom notice is required to be given.
(e) If no written objection is received from any party disputing the facts recited in the corrective affidavit or objecting to its recordation within 30 days after personal service, or receipt of confirmation of delivery of the notice and copy of the corrective affidavit, the attorney may record the corrective affidavit, and all parties to the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage are bound by the terms of the corrective affidavit.
(f) The corrective affidavit shall:
(1) Be notarized;
(2) Contain a statement that no objection was received from any party within the specified time period;
(3) Confirm that a copy of the notice was sent to all the parties; and,
(4) Contain the attorneys West Virginia State Bar number.
(g) A corrective affidavit recorded pursuant to this section operates as a correction of the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage and relates back to the date of the original recordation of the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage as if the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage was correct when first recorded.
(h) A title insurance company, upon request, shall issue an endorsement to reflect the corrections made by the corrective affidavit and shall deliver a copy of the endorsement to all parties to the policy who can be found.
(i) The clerk shall record the corrective affidavit in the deed book or other book in which deeds are recorded in the county and, notwithstanding their designation in the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage needing correction, index the corrective affidavit in the names of the parties to the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage as grantors and grantees as set forth in the corrective affidavit. A corrective affidavit recorded in compliance with this section is prima facie evidence of the facts stated in the corrective affidavit.
(j) Costs associated with the recording of a corrective affidavit pursuant to this section shall be paid by the party that records the corrective affidavit.
(k) Any person who wrongfully or erroneously records a corrective affidavit is liable for actual damages sustained by any party due to the recordation, including reasonable attorney fees and costs.
(l) The remedies under this section are not exclusive and do not abrogate any right or remedy under the laws of the State of West Virginia other than this section.
(m) A corrective affidavit under this section may be made in the following form, or to the same effect:
Corrective Affidavit
This corrective affidavit, prepared pursuant to West Virginia Code 36-3-11, shall be indexed in the names of .............. (grantor(s)) whose addresses are ............... and .............. (grantee(s)), whose addresses are ............... The undersigned affiant, being first duly sworn, deposes and states as follows:
1. That the affiant is a West Virginia attorney.
2. That the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage needing correction was made in connection with a real estate transaction in which .............. purchased real estate from .............., as shown in a deed recorded in the office of the clerk of the county commission of .............. County, West Virginia, in Deed Book ...., Page ...., or as Instrument Number ....; or in which real estate was encumbered, as shown in a deed recorded in the office of the clerk of the county commission of .............. County, West Virginia, in Deed Book ...., Page ...., or as Instrument Number ......
3. That the property description in the aforementioned deed, deed of trust, or mortgage contains an obvious description error.
4. That the property description containing the obvious description error reads:
......................................
.......................................
5. That the correct property description should read:
......................................
.......................................
6. That this corrective affidavit is given pursuant to West Virginia Code 36-3-11 to correct the property description in the aforementioned deed, deed of trust, or mortgage, and such description shall be as stated in paragraph 5 above upon recordation of this corrective affidavit in the office of the clerk of the county commission of .............. County, West Virginia.
7. That notice of the intent to record this corrective affidavit and a copy of this corrective affidavit was delivered to all parties to the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage being corrected pursuant to West Virginia Code 36-3-1 and that no objection to the recordation of this corrective affidavit was received within the applicable period of time as set forth in West Virginia Code 36-3-1.
......................................
(Name of attorney)
......................................
(Signature of attorney)
......................................
(Address of attorney)
......................................
(Telephone number of attorney)
......................................
(Bar number of attorney)
The foregoing affidavit was acknowledged before me
This ......... day of .............., 20...., by
......................................
Notary Public
My Commission expires ...............
Notary Registration Number: ...............
(n) Notice under this section may be made in the following form, or to the same effect:
Notice of Intent to Correct an Obvious Description Error
Notice is hereby given to you concerning the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage described in the corrective affidavit, a copy of which is attached to this notice, as follows:
1. The attorney identified below has discovered or has been advised of an obvious description error in the deed, deed of trust, or mortgage recorded as part of your real estate settlement. The error is described in the attached affidavit.
2. The undersigned will record an affidavit to correct such error unless the undersigned receives a written objection disputing the facts recited in the affidavit or objecting to the recordation of the affidavit. Your objections must be sent within 30 days of receipt of this notice to the following address:
......................................
(Address)
......................................
(Name of attorney)
......................................
(Signature of attorney)
......................................
(Address of attorney)
......................................
(Telephone number of attorney)
......................................
(Bar number of attorney)