reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51 - Food and Drink › § 3.2-5128. Duty of attorney for the Commonwealth when violation reported; Commissioner to give notice

A. If the Commissioner institutes criminal proceedings against any person for any violation pursuant to this article, then: (i) he shall give appropriate notice to the person and give an opportunity for the person to present his views before the Commissioner, either orally or in writing, in person or by attorney, with regard to such contemplated proceeding, and (ii) he may report the violation to an attorney for the Commonwealth.
B. It shall be the duty of each attorney for the Commonwealth, to whom the Commissioner reports any violation of this article, to cause appropriate proceedings to be instituted in the appropriate courts without delay and to be prosecuted in the manner required by law.
C. Nothing in this article shall require the Commissioner to report minor violations of this article to the attorney for the Commonwealth, whenever he believes that the public interest will be adequately served in the circumstances by a suitable written notice or warning.
Code 1950, §§ 3-312, 3-313; 1966, c. 702, §§ 3.1-392, 3.1-393; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51 - Food and Drink › § 3.2-5129. Definition of term "food."

The term "food" as used in this article means all articles used for food, drink, confectionery or condiment, whether simple, mixed or compound, and all substances or ingredients used in the preparation thereof, intended for human consumption and introduction into commerce.
Code 1950, § 3-285; 1966, c. 702, § 3.1-365; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51 - Food and Drink › § 3.2-5131. Right to enter and take samples

The Commissioner is empowered, in the performance of his duties, to enter into any place where he has reason to believe food or drink is made, stored, sold, or offered for sale, and open any cask, tub, jar, bottle, or package containing or supposed to contain, any article of food or drink, and examine or cause to be examined the contents, and take samples for analysis. The person making such inspection shall take samples of the article or produce in the presence of at least one witness, and shall, in the presence of the witness, mark or seal the sample. The inspector shall tender at the time of taking to the manufacturer or vendor of the product, or to the person having the custody of the product, the value thereof, and the statement in writing for the taking of the sample.
Code 1950, § 3-326; 1966, c. 702, § 3.1-405; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51 - Food and Drink › § 3.2-5132. Notice and warning to place premises in sanitary condition

Whenever it is determined by the Commissioner that filthy or unsanitary conditions exist or are permitted to exist in the operation of any place where any food or drink products are manufactured, stored, deposited, or sold for any purpose, the proprietor or owner of the place, or any person owning or operating any place where any food or drink products are manufactured, stored, deposited, or sold, shall first be notified and warned by the Commissioner to establish in a sanitary condition within a reasonable length of time such place. After the first notice and warning of a violation has been issued no notice and warning of the same violation occurring within 90 days after the first notice and warning has been given as provided under § 3.2-5133 shall be required; provided that notice and warning shall be required as to any violation occurring more than 90 days after notice and warning has been given as to a violation.
Code 1950, § 3-327; 1956, c. 528; 1966, c. 702, § 3.1-406; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51 - Food and Drink › § 3.2-5133. Failure to obey such notice and warning a misdemeanor

Any person owning or operating any place where any food or drink products are manufactured, stored, deposited, or sold, failing to obey such notice and warning, or permitting filthy or unsanitary conditions to exist after a notice of previous violation has been issued, provided the violation occurred within 90 days after notice and warning has been issued, is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.
Code 1950, § 3-328; 1956, c. 528; 1966, c. 702, § 3.1-407; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51 - Food and Drink › § 3.2-5134. Condemnation of unsafe food by Commissioner

If the Commissioner finds in any room, building, vehicle of transportation, or other structure, any meat, seafood, poultry, vegetable, fruit, or other perishable articles of food, which are unsound or contain any filthy, decomposed, or putrid substance, or that may be poisonous or deleterious to health or otherwise unsafe, then the articles of food shall be declared to be a nuisance, and the Commissioner shall condemn or destroy the unsafe articles of food or render the unsafe articles of food to be unsalable as human food.
Code 1950, § 3-311; 1966, c. 702, § 3.1-391; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51 - Food and Drink › § 3.2-5135. Authority to seize food and dairy products; analysis; disposition of remainder

A. The Commissioner is authorized at all times to seize and take possession of any and all food and dairy products, substitutes, or imitations kept for sale, exposed for sale, or held in possession or under the control of any person that in the opinion of the Commissioner are believed to be in violation of any provision of law.
B. When the Commissioner seizes any goods pursuant to subsection A, he may take a sample from the goods for the purpose of analysis and shall leave the remainder in the possession of the person from whom they were seized, subject to the determined disposition.
C. Any person making a seizure under this section shall forward any sample taken pursuant to subsection B that in the determination of the Commissioner requires laboratory analysis to the Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services of the Department of General Services (the Division). The Division shall turn over the sample to a qualified analyst who shall analyze the sample and certify the results of the analysis. Where the qualified analyst is an employee of the Division, the analyst's certificate shall be prima facie evidence of the facts certified to in any appropriate court where the sample may be offered in evidence.
Code 1950, §§ 3-329 to 3-331; 1966, c. 702, §§ 3.1-408 to 3.1-410; 1978, c. 702; 2008, c. 860; 2015, c. 91.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51 - Food and Drink › § 3.2-5136. Purchase of samples for analysis

Any person who exposes or offers for sale or delivers to a purchaser any food shall furnish within business hours and upon tender and full payment of the selling price, a sample of such food, to the Commissioner, and who shall apply to such manufacturer or vendor or person delivering such food to a purchaser for a sample in sufficient quantity for the analysis of the article in his possession. Samples may be purchased on the open market and shall be representative samples; the collector shall also note the name of the vendor and agent through whom the sale was actually made, together with date of purchase, and all samples not taken in unbroken and sealed original packages shall be sealed by the collector in the presence of the vendor with a seal provided for the purpose.
When possible, samples shall be unbroken and sealed original packages, or taken out of unbroken and sealed original packages. Three like samples shall be obtained where the article is in the original package, or if not in the original package the sample obtained shall be divided into three equal parts and each part shall be labeled with the marks, brands, or tags upon the package, carton, container, wrapper, or accompanying printed or written matter. One sample shall be delivered to the party from whom purchased, or to the party guaranteeing such merchandise; two samples shall be sent to the Commissioner, one of which is to be analyzed, as provided in this chapter, and the other shall be held under seal by the Commissioner.
Code 1950, § 3-338; 1966, c. 702, § 3.1-417; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51 - Food and Drink › § 3.2-5137. Proceeding for forfeiture

If upon laboratory analysis it appears that the food or dairy products are adulterated, substituted, misbranded, or imitated within the meaning of this chapter, the Commissioner may make complaint before a magistrate, or other officer authorized to issue summons, having jurisdiction where the goods were seized. The magistrate or other officer shall issue his summons to the person from whom the goods were seized, directing him to appear before an appropriate court in such jurisdiction not less than six nor more than 12 days from the date of issuing the summons and show cause why the goods should not be condemned and disposed of. If the person from whom the goods were seized cannot be found, then the summons shall be served upon the person then in possession of the goods. The summons shall be served at least six days before the time of appearance mentioned therein. If the person from whom the goods were seized cannot be found, and no one can be found in possession of the goods, and the defendant shall not appear on the return day, then an appropriate court shall proceed in the cause in the same manner as where a writ of attachment is returned not personally served upon any of the defendants and none of the defendants shall appear upon the return day.
Code 1950, § 3-332; 1966, c. 702, § 3.1-411; 2005, c. 839; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51 - Food and Drink › § 3.2-5138. Judgment as to goods seized; procedure before an appropriate court; appeal

Unless otherwise shown, or if the goods are found upon trial to be in violation of any of the provisions of this chapter or other laws, it shall be the duty of the general district court to render judgment that the seized property be forfeited to the Commonwealth, and that the goods be destroyed or sold by the Commissioner for any purpose other than to be used for food. The mode of procedure before the general district court shall be the same, as near as may be in civil proceedings. Either party may appeal to the circuit court as appeals are taken from the general district court, but it shall not be necessary for the Commonwealth to give any appeal bond.
Code 1950, § 3-333; 1966, c. 702, § 3.1-412; 2005, c. 839; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51 - Food and Drink › § 3.2-5139. Disposition of proceeds from sale of such goods

The proceeds arising from any sale of seized property or goods shall be disposed of in accordance with § 19.2-386.14. If the owner or party claiming the property or goods can produce and prove a written guaranty of purity, signed by the wholesaler, jobber, manufacturers, or other party residing within the Commonwealth from whom the articles were purchased, then the proceeds of the sale, over and above the costs of seizure, forfeiture and sale, shall be paid to the owner or claimant to reimburse him, to the extent of such surplus, for his actual loss resulting from the seizure and forfeiture as shown by the invoice.
Code 1950, § 3-334; 1966, c. 702, § 3.1-413; 2008, c. 860; 2012, cc. 283, 756.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51 - Food and Drink › § 3.2-5140. Attorney for the Commonwealth to render legal assistance

It shall be the duty of the attorney for the Commonwealth when called upon by the Commissioner to render any legal assistance in his power in proceeding under the provisions of this chapter.
Code 1950, § 3-335; 1966, c. 702, § 3.1-414; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51 - Food and Drink › § 3.2-5141. General duty of attorneys for the Commonwealth; compensation

Whenever a violation of any laws governing the manufacture and preparation for sale, storage, and sale of articles used as food or condiment by human beings or animals, commonly known as the "pure food" and "feeding stuffs laws," is reported by the Commissioner to any attorney for the Commonwealth it shall be the duty of the attorney for the Commonwealth to commence proceedings and prosecute without delay for the fines and penalties in cases prescribed and upon the termination of such proceedings to report in detail to the Commissioner, the results.
For every conviction in any case instituted by any attorney for the Commonwealth upon the complaint of the Commissioner, the attorney for the Commonwealth prosecuting any such case, after he has reported the results to the Commissioner, shall be entitled to a fee of $10 that shall be taxed as a part of the costs in the case, as costs are taxed in other criminal cases, and execution issued therefor against the defendant; and the fee shall be paid notwithstanding any law to the contrary limiting or prescribing the compensation and fees of attorneys for the Commonwealth.
In any case of a sale or delivery of goods in violation of the provisions of the pure food or feeding stuffs laws, the person making such sale or delivery, may be prosecuted either in the county or city where the sale or delivery originated, or in the county or city where the illegal goods were found by the Commissioner.
Code 1950, §§ 3-321, 3-336; 1966, c. 702, §§ 3.1-401, 3.1-415; 1972, c. 741; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51 - Food and Drink › § 3.2-5142. Punishment for hindering Commissioner

Any person who shall willfully hinder or obstruct the Commissioner in the exercise of the powers conferred upon him by this chapter is guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor.
Code 1950, § 3-337; 1966, c. 702, § 3.1-416; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51 - Food and Drink › § 3.2-5143. Enforcement against companies

When construing and enforcing the provisions of this chapter and Chapters 52 (§ 3.2-5200 et seq.) and 54 (§ 3.2-5400 et seq.), the act, omission, or failure of any officer, agent, or other individual acting for or employed by any partnership, corporation, company, society, or association within the scope of his employment or office, shall in every case be also deemed the act, omission, or failure of such partnership, corporation, company, society, or association, as well as that of the individual.
Code 1950, § 3-340; 1966, c. 702, § 3.1-419; 2002, c. 185; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51 - Food and Drink › § 3.2-5144. Exemption from civil and criminal liability in certain cases

A. As used in this section:
"Entity" means a farmer, processor, distributor, wholesaler, food service establishment, restaurant, or retailer of food, including a grocery, convenience, or other store selling food or food products.
"Food donor" means an individual or entity.
"Food organization" means a food bank or any Feeding America certified food bank or food bank member charity that is exempt from taxation under § 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code that maintains a food storage facility certified by the Department and, where required by ordinance, by the State Department of Health.
B. Any entity that donates food to any food organization for use or distribution by the organization shall be exempt from civil liability arising from any injury or death resulting from the nature, age, condition, or packaging of the donated food. The exemption of this section shall not apply if the injury or death directly results from the gross negligence or intentional act of the donor. If the donor is a food service establishment or a restaurant, such donor shall comply with the regulations of the Board of Health with respect to the safe preparation, handling, protection, and preservation of food, including necessary refrigeration or heating methods, pursuant to the provisions of § 35.1-14.
C. No food donor or food organization shall be criminally or civilly liable for donating or receiving food past the best-by date as long as all parties are informed and the food is labeled as not meeting all labeling and date requirements. The exemption of this section shall not apply if injury or death directly results from the gross negligence or intentional misconduct of the food donor or food organization.
D. Any farmer who gratuitously allows persons to enter upon his own land for purposes of removing any crops remaining in his fields following the harvesting thereof, shall be exempt from civil liability arising out of any injury or death resulting from the nature or condition of such land or the nature, age, or condition of any such crop. The exemption of this section shall not apply if the injury or death directly results from the gross negligence or intentional act of the farmer.
1980, c. 516, § 3.1-418.1; 1987, c. 322; 1990, cc. 211, 255, 303; 1998, c. 641; 2008, c. 860; 2022, c. 633.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51 - Food and Drink › § 3.2-5145. Punishment for failure to comply with requirements of certain chapters

Any person who refuses to comply upon demand with the requirements of this chapter and Chapters 52 (§ 3.2-5200 et seq.) and 54 (§ 3.2-5400 et seq.) who shall impede, obstruct, hinder, or otherwise prevent or attempt to prevent any inspector or other person in the performance of his duty in connection with such chapters, is guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor, unless otherwise specified, and such fines, less the legal costs, shall be paid into the state treasury.
Code 1950, § 3-339; 1966, c. 702, § 3.1-418; 2002, c. 185; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51 - Food and Drink › § 3.2-5145.1. Definitions

As used in this article, unless the context requires a different meaning:
"Food" means any article that is intended for human consumption and introduction into commerce, whether the article is simple, mixed, or compound, and all substances or ingredients used in the preparation thereof. "Food" does not mean drug as defined in § 54.1-3401.
"Industrial hemp" means a Cannabis sativa plant that has a concentration of tetrahydrocannabinol that is no greater than that allowed by federal law.
"Industrial hemp extract" means an extract (i) of industrial hemp, (ii) that is intended for human consumption, and (iii) except as otherwise provided in subsection M of § 54.1-3442.6, when offered for retail sale, that (a) contains a total tetrahydrocannabinol concentration that is no greater than 0.3 percent and (b) contains either no more than two milligrams of total tetrahydrocannabinol per package or an amount of cannabidiol that is no less than 25 times greater than the amount of total tetrahydrocannabinol per package. "Industrial hemp extract" is not a hemp seed-derived ingredient that is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or is the subject of a generally recognized as safe notice for which the U.S. Food and Drug Administration had no questions.
"Tetrahydrocannabinol" means the same as that term is defined in § 3.2-4112.
"Total tetrahydrocannabinol" means the same as that term is defined in § 3.2-4112.
2020, cc. 659, 660; 2023, cc. 744, 794.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51 - Food and Drink › § 3.2-5145.3. Manufacturer of industrial hemp extract or food containing an industrial hemp extract

A manufacturer of an industrial hemp extract or food containing an industrial hemp extract shall be an approved source if the manufacturer operates:
1. Under inspection by the responsible food regulatory agency in the location in which such manufacturing occurs; and
2. In compliance with the laws, regulations, or criteria that pertain to the manufacturer of industrial hemp extracts or food containing an industrial hemp extract in the location in which such manufacturing occurs.
2020, cc. 659, 660.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51 - Food and Drink › § 3.2-5145.4. Industrial hemp extract requirements

A. An industrial hemp extract shall (i) be produced from industrial hemp grown in compliance with applicable law and (ii) when offered for retail sale, (a) contain a total tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of no greater than 0.3 percent and (b) contain either no more than two milligrams of total tetrahydrocannabinol per package or an amount of cannabidiol that is no less than 25 times greater than the amount of total tetrahydrocannabinol per package.
B. In addition to the requirements of this chapter, an industrial hemp extract or food containing an industrial hemp extract shall comply with regulations adopted by the Board pursuant to § 3.2-5145.5.
2020, cc. 659, 660; 2023, cc. 744, 794.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51 - Food and Drink › § 3.2-5145.4:1. Labeling and packaging requirements

A. An industrial hemp extract or food containing an industrial hemp extract that contains tetrahydrocannabinol shall be contained in child-resistant packaging, as defined in § 4.1-600.
B. An industrial hemp extract or food containing an industrial hemp extract shall be packaged and equipped with a label that states, in English and in a font no less than 1/16 of an inch, (i) all ingredients contained in the industrial hemp extract or food containing an industrial hemp extract, (ii) the amount of such industrial hemp extract or food containing an industrial hemp extract that constitutes a single serving, and (iii) if such industrial hemp extract or food containing an industrial hemp extract contains tetrahydrocannabinol, the number of milligrams of total tetrahydrocannabinol per serving and number of milligrams and percent of total tetrahydrocannabinol per package.
C. Any industrial hemp extract or food containing an industrial hemp extract that contains tetrahydrocannabinol shall be equipped with a label that states that the industrial hemp extract or food containing an industrial hemp extract contains tetrahydrocannabinol and may not be sold to persons younger than 21 years of age.
D. An industrial hemp extract or food containing an industrial hemp extract, when offered for sale, shall be accompanied by a certificate of analysis, produced by an independent laboratory that is accredited pursuant to standard ISO/IEC 17025 of the International Organization for Standardization by a third-party accrediting body, that states the total tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of the substance or the total tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of the batch from which the substance originates. The certificate of accreditation pursuant to standard ISO/IEC 17025 issued by the third-party accrediting body to the independent laboratory shall be available for review at the location at which the industrial hemp extract or food containing an industrial hemp extract is offered for sale or sold.
E. A manufacturer shall identify each batch of an industrial hemp extract or a food containing an industrial hemp extract with a unique code for traceability. Julian date coding or any other system developed and documented by the manufacturer for assigning a unique code to a batch may be used. The batch identification shall appear and be legible on the label of an industrial hemp extract or food containing an industrial hemp extract.
F. The label of an industrial hemp extract or food containing an industrial hemp extract shall not contain a claim indicating the product is intended for diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, which shall render the product a drug, as that term is defined in 21 U.S.C. § 321(g)(1). An industrial hemp extract or food containing an industrial hemp extract with a label that contains a claim indicating the product is intended for diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease shall be considered misbranded.
2023, cc. 744, 794.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51 - Food and Drink › § 3.2-5145.5. Regulations

A. The Board is authorized to adopt regulations for the efficient enforcement of this article.
B. The Board shall adopt regulations identifying contaminants of an industrial hemp extract or a food containing an industrial hemp extract and establishing tolerances for such identified contaminants.
C. The Board shall adopt regulations establishing batch testing requirements for industrial hemp extracts. The Board shall require that batch testing of industrial hemp extracts be conducted by an independent testing laboratory that meets criteria established by the Board.
D. With the exception of § 2.2-4031, neither the provisions of the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.) nor public participation guidelines adopted pursuant thereto shall apply to the adoption of any regulation pursuant to this section. Prior to adopting any regulation pursuant to this section, the Board shall publish a notice of opportunity to comment in the Virginia Register of Regulations and post the action on the Virginia Regulatory Town Hall. Such notice of opportunity to comment shall contain (i) a summary of the proposed regulation; (ii) the text of the proposed regulation; and (iii) the name, address, and telephone number of the agency contact person responsible for receiving public comments. Such notice shall be made at least 60 days in advance of the last date prescribed in such notice for submittals of public comment. The legislative review provisions of subsections A and B of § 2.2-4014 shall apply to the promulgation or final adoption process for regulations pursuant to this section. The Board shall consider and keep on file all public comments received for any regulation adopted pursuant to this section.
2020, cc. 659, 660; 2022, Sp. Sess. I, c. 2; 2023, cc. 744, 794.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51.1 - Produce Safety › § 3.2-5147. (For expiration date, see Editor's notes) Covered farm; exemption

A. Except as provided in subsection B, a farm, as defined in 21 C.F.R § 112.3(c), or farm mixed-type facility, as defined in 21 C.F.R § 112.3(c), with an average annual monetary value of produce, as defined in 21 C.F.R. § 112.3(c), sold during the previous three-year period of more than $25,000 on a rolling basis, adjusted for inflation using 2011 as the baseline year for calculating the adjustment, is a "covered farm" as used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning. A covered farm shall comply with all applicable requirements of 21 C.F.R Part 21, this chapter, or any provision of a regulation of the Board adopted pursuant to § 3.2-5148 when conducting a covered activity, as defined in 21 C.F.R § 112.3(c), on covered produce.
B. A farm is not subject to this chapter if it satisfies the requirements in 21 C.F.R. § 112.5, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not withdrawn the farm's exemption in accordance with the requirements of 21 C.F.R. § 112 Subpart R.
C. A farm is eligible for a qualified exemption and associated modified requirements in a calendar year if:
1. During the previous three-year period preceding the applicable calendar year, the average annual monetary value of the food, as defined in 21 C.F.R § 112.3(c), the farm sold directly to qualified end-users, as defined in 21 C.F.R. § 112.3(c), during such period exceeded the average annual monetary value of the food the farm sold to all other buyers during that period; and
2. The average annual monetary value of all food, as defined in 21 C.F.R. § 112.3(c), the farm sold during the three-year period preceding the applicable calendar year was less than $500,000, adjusted for inflation, using 2011 as the baseline year for calculating the adjustment for inflation.
D. If a farm is eligible for a qualified exemption in accordance with 21 C.F.R. § 112.5, the farm is subject to the requirements of 21 C.F.R. § 112 Subparts A, O, Q, and R.
E. If a farm is eligible for a qualified exemption in accordance with 21 C.F.R. § 112.5, the farm is subject to the modified requirements established in 21 C.F.R. § 112.6(b).
2017, c. 574.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51.1 - Produce Safety › § 3.2-5148. (For expiration date, see Editor's notes) Regulations

The Board may adopt, in accordance with the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.), regulations necessary or convenient to carry out the purposes of this chapter.
2017, c. 574.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51.1 - Produce Safety › § 3.2-5149. (For expiration date, see Editor's notes) Commissioner to have access to certain farms

The Commissioner shall have access only at reasonable hours to any covered farm or any farm eligible for a qualified exemption in accordance with 21 C.F.R. § 112.5 for the purpose of (i) inspecting such farm to determine if any provision of this chapter or 21 C.F.R. Part 112 is being violated and (ii) securing samples or specimens to determine if any provision of this chapter or 21 C.F.R. Part 112 is being violated. The Commissioner shall make or cause to be made examinations of samples or specimens secured pursuant to this section to determine whether any provision of this chapter or 21 C.F.R. Part 112 is being violated.
2017, c. 574.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51.1 - Produce Safety › § 3.2-5150. (For expiration date, see Editor's notes) Authority to seize covered produce

If the Commissioner believes any covered produce on a covered farm that is being grown, kept, or exposed for sale or held in possession or under the control of any person to be in violation of any provision of 21 C.F.R. Part 112, this chapter, or regulations of the Board adopted pursuant to § 3.2-5148, the Commissioner is authorized to seize or take possession of such covered produce.
2017, c. 574.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51.1 - Produce Safety › § 3.2-5151. (For expiration date, see Editor's notes) Authority to condemn or destroy covered produce

A. If the Commissioner believes any covered produce on a covered farm that is being grown, kept, or exposed for sale or held in possession or under the control of any person to be in violation of any provision of 21 C.F.R. Part 112, this chapter, or regulations of the Board adopted pursuant to § 3.2-5148, the Commissioner is authorized to condemn, destroy, or require the destruction of such covered produce.
B. Prior to condemning, destroying, or requiring the destruction of covered produce pursuant to subsection A, the Commissioner shall seize the covered produce in accordance with § 3.2-5150 and either:
1. Secure written agreement to the condemnation or destruction, on a form to be provided by the Commissioner, from the person from whom the covered produce was seized; or
2. Make complaint before a magistrate pursuant to § 3.2-5152.
2017, c. 574.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51.1 - Produce Safety › § 3.2-5152. (For expiration date, see Editor's notes) Proceeding for condemnation or destruction

If unable to secure the written agreement to the condemnation or destruction in accordance with subdivision B 1 of § 3.2-5151, the Commissioner shall make complaint before a magistrate, or other officer authorized to issue summons, having jurisdiction where the covered produce was seized. The magistrate or other officer shall issue his summons to the person from whom the covered produce was seized, directing him to appear before an appropriate court in such jurisdiction not less than six nor more than 12 days from the date of issuing the summons and show cause why the covered produce should not be condemned or destroyed. If the person from whom the covered produce was seized cannot be found, then the summons shall be served upon the person then in possession of the covered produce. The summons shall be served at least six days before the time of appearance mentioned therein. If the person from whom the covered produce was seized cannot be found, and no one can be found in possession of the covered produce, and the defendant does not appear on the return day, then an appropriate court shall proceed in the cause in the same manner as where a writ of attachment is returned not personally served upon any of the defendants and none of the defendants appears upon the return day.
2017, c. 574.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51.1 - Produce Safety › § 3.2-5153. (For expiration date, see Editor's notes) Judgment as to covered produce to be condemned or destroyed; procedure before an appropriate court; appeal; proceeds

A. Unless otherwise shown or if the covered produce to be condemned or destroyed pursuant to § 3.2-5151 is found upon trial to be in violation of any provision of 21 C.F.R. Part 112, this chapter, or regulations of the Board adopted pursuant to § 3.2-5148, it shall be the duty of the general district court to render judgment that the covered produce be forfeited to the Commonwealth and that the goods be destroyed or sold by the Commissioner for any purpose other than to be used for food, as defined in § 3.2-5129. The mode of procedure before the general district court shall be the same, as near as may be in civil proceedings. Either party may appeal to the circuit court as appeals are taken from the general district court, but it shall not be necessary for the Commonwealth to give any appeal bond.
B. The proceeds arising from any sale ordered pursuant to subsection A shall be disposed of in accordance with § 19.2-386.14.
2017, c. 574.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51.1 - Produce Safety › § 3.2-5154. (For expiration date, see Editor's notes) Violations

No covered farm or farm eligible for a qualified exemption in accordance with 21 C.F.R. § 112.5 shall violate any provision of 21 C.F.R. Part 112 or any provision of a regulation of the Board adopted pursuant to § 3.2-5148.
2017, c. 574.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51.1 - Produce Safety › § 3.2-5155. (For expiration date, see Editor's notes) Impeding Commissioner

No person shall impede, obstruct, hinder, or otherwise prevent or attempt to prevent the Commissioner, an inspector, or any other person in the performance of his duty in connection with this chapter.
2017, c. 574.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 51.1 - Produce Safety › § 3.2-5156. (For expiration date, see Editor's notes) Civil penalty

Any person who violates any provision of this chapter or regulation of the Board adopted pursuant to § 3.2-5148 is subject to a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed $1,000 per violation. In determining the amount of any civil penalty, the Board shall give due consideration to (i) the history of the person's previous violations, (ii) the seriousness of the violation, and (iii) the demonstrated good faith of the person charged in attempting to achieve compliance with this chapter after being notified of the violation. Such penalty shall be collected by the Commissioner and the proceeds shall be deposited into the state treasury and credited to the Virginia Natural Resources Commitment Fund created pursuant to § 10.1-2128.1.
2017, c. 574.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 52 - Milk, Milk Products, and Dairies › § 3.2-5200. Duty of Commissioner to foster dairy industry

It shall be the duty of the Commissioner to foster and encourage the dairy industry of the Commonwealth, and for that purpose he shall investigate the general conditions of the creameries, cheese factories, condensed milk factories, skimming stations, milk stations, and farm dairies in the Commonwealth, with full power to enter upon any premises for such investigation, with the object in view of improving the quality and creating and maintaining uniformity of the dairy products of the Commonwealth. Should it become necessary in the judgment of the Commissioner, he may cause instruction to be given in any facility or in any locality of the Commonwealth, in order to promote the proper feeding and care of cows, or the practical operation of any plant producing dairy products, and in order to procure such a uniform and standard quality of dairy products in the Commonwealth.
Code 1950, § 3-341; 1966, c. 702, § 3.1-420; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 52 - Milk, Milk Products, and Dairies › § 3.2-5201. Conformity with regulations of U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and Department of Agriculture; compliance with Administrative Process Act

In adopting regulations for the purpose of sanitation and to prevent deception, the Board shall be guided by those regulations recommended by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The definitions and standards so adopted may conform, so far as practical, to the definitions and standards adopted or recommended by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services or the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The regulations authorized by §§ 3.2-5212, 3.2-5213, and by this section shall be adopted in accordance with the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.).
1970, c. 48, § 3.1-562.2; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 52 - Milk, Milk Products, and Dairies › § 3.2-5202. Sale of products not subject to local supervision

Products produced, processed, or manufactured under the regulations adopted under this chapter may be sold in all localities in the Commonwealth and shall not be subject to regulation, by ordinance or otherwise, supervision or inspection of any political subdivision wherein the products are produced, processed, manufactured, or sold.
1970, c. 48, § 3.1-562.4; 1970, c. 49, § 3.1-530.5; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 52 - Milk, Milk Products, and Dairies › § 3.2-5203. Importing of products

A. No regulation adopted under this chapter shall be construed to prohibit the sale within the Commonwealth of any product that is produced outside of the Commonwealth under laws or regulations of the exporting state or political subdivision that are substantially equivalent to regulations adopted under this article and that are enforced with equal effectiveness.
B. No Grade A raw milk shall be imported into the Commonwealth by any person who does not possess a permit issued under conditions prescribed by the Board. The Board shall adopt regulations for the importation of raw bulk milk from points beyond routine inspection of the Commonwealth to insure the quality of milk and milk products, to determine volume of product shipped into the Commonwealth, to be assured of the original source of production, and to provide for the best interest of the Commonwealth, and for the protection of the consuming public.
1970, c. 48, § 3.1-562.5; 1970, c. 49, § 3.1-530.6; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 52 - Milk, Milk Products, and Dairies › § 3.2-5204. Warning and punishment of persons using or furnishing impure milk

Whenever it is determined by the Commissioner that any person is using, selling, or furnishing to any facility, milk dealer, the retail trade, or to any consumer of milk, any impure or unwholesome milk or cream, which impurity or unwholesomeness is caused by the unsanitary or filthy conditions of the premises where cows are kept or by the unsanitary or filthy care of handling of the cows, or from the use of unclean utensils or from unwholesome food, or from any other cause, such person shall first be notified and warned by the Commissioner not to use, sell, or furnish such milk or cream to any facility, milk dealers, the retail trade, or to any consumer of milk. Any person who fails to obey such notice and warning and continues to use, sell, or furnish to any skimming station, creamery, cheese factory, condensed milk factory, farm dairy, milk dealer, or to the retail trade impure or unwholesome milk or cream, is guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor.
Code 1950, § 3-342; 1966, c. 702, § 3.1-421; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 52 - Milk, Milk Products, and Dairies › § 3.2-5205. Injunctions

If any person violates any provision of this article or the regulations adopted hereunder, then either the Commissioner or the State Health Commissioner may petition any appropriate circuit court for relief by injunction, without being compelled to allege or prove that an adequate remedy at law does not exist.
1970, c. 49, § 3.1-530.8; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 52 - Milk, Milk Products, and Dairies › § 3.2-5207. Powers and duties of Commissioner; obstruction unlawful

The Commissioner shall administer and enforce the regulations adopted pursuant to § 3.2-5206 except as provided in § 3.2-5208. He is empowered, in the performance of his duties, to enter upon and to have free access to any establishment or area subject to the provisions of this article, or the regulations adopted hereunder. It shall be unlawful for any person to hinder, obstruct, or interfere with the Commissioner in the performance of his duties under this article or under the regulations adopted pursuant to this article.
1970, c. 49, § 3.1-530.3; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 52 - Milk, Milk Products, and Dairies › § 3.2-5208. Powers and duties of State Health Commissioner; obstruction unlawful

The State Health Commissioner, pursuant to the regulations adopted pursuant to § 3.2-5206, shall issue permits to all plants that process and distribute Grade A market milk and Grade A market milk products. The State Health Commissioner shall also enforce the regulations adopted under § 3.2-5206 in all plants from the point of delivery at the plant to the consumer. He is empowered, in the performance of his duties, to enter upon and to have free access to any establishment or area subject to the provisions of this article, or the regulations adopted hereunder, pertaining to the processing and distribution of Grade A market milk, Grade A market milk products, ungraded milk products, and those products manufactured in semblance to or as substitutes in Grade A market milk and Grade A market milk products plants from the point of delivery at the plant to the consumer. It shall be unlawful for any person to hinder, obstruct, or interfere with the State Health Commissioner in the performance of his duties under this article or under the regulations adopted hereunder.
1970, c. 49, § 3.1-530.4; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 52 - Milk, Milk Products, and Dairies › § 3.2-5209. Penalties

Any violation of the provisions of this article, or the regulations adopted hereunder, or failure to comply with such provisions or regulations, is a Class 1 misdemeanor and punished as provided by law. Each day of such failure or violation shall be a separate offense and shall be punished as such.
1970, c. 49, § 3.1-530.9; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 52 - Milk, Milk Products, and Dairies › § 3.2-5212. Authority of Board to establish standards, adopt regulations

The Board is authorized to establish definitions, standards of quality and identity, and to adopt and enforce regulations dealing with the issuance of permits, labeling, and sanitary standards for ice cream, ice milk, frozen custards, sherbets, water ices, related foods, other similar products, and those products manufactured or sold in semblance to or as substitutes.
1970, c. 48, § 3.1-562.1; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 52 - Milk, Milk Products, and Dairies › § 3.2-5213. Commissioner to enforce article; right of entry

The Commissioner shall administer and enforce the regulations adopted pursuant to this article. He is empowered, in the performance of his duties, to enter upon and to have free access to any establishment or area subject to the provisions of this article or the regulations adopted hereunder.
1970, c. 48, § 3.1-562.3; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 52 - Milk, Milk Products, and Dairies › § 3.2-5214. Permits; delegation of enforcement of article to State Health Commissioner for restaurants

Any person engaged in the manufacture in the Commonwealth of any of the foods listed in § 3.2-5212 shall apply to the Commissioner on an application form prescribed by him for a permit to manufacture such foods or any of them.
A separate application shall be made for each establishment where such foods are manufactured or are to be manufactured. The Commissioner may by agreement delegate the enforcement of this article to the State Health Commissioner for restaurants as defined in § 35.1-1. Such agreement shall provide for the combining of the permit required by this article and the license required by § 35.1-18.
The Commissioner, upon receipt and approval of such application properly executed, shall issue a permit authorizing the applicant to engage in the manufacture of such foods as are described in the application. The Commissioner may, after a full hearing, refuse to issue a permit or renew a permit, or may suspend or revoke a permit in the case of any establishment that does not meet the requirements of this article or of any regulation adopted for its administration and enforcement. Permits shall be renewable on July 1 of each year.
1970, c. 48, § 3.1-562.6; 1978, c. 722; 1996, c. 722; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 52 - Milk, Milk Products, and Dairies › § 3.2-5215. Detention of adulterated, misbranded products

Whenever any product subject to this article is found by the Commissioner upon any premises where it is held and there is reason to believe that the product is adulterated or misbranded in violation of the regulations adopted by the Board pursuant to this article, or that such product has been or is intended to be distributed in violation of regulations, the product may be detained for a period not to exceed 20 days, pending action under § 3.2-5216 of this article, and shall not be moved by any person from the place at which it is located when detained, until released by the Commissioner.
1970, c. 48, § 3.1-562.8; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 52 - Milk, Milk Products, and Dairies › § 3.2-5217. Penalties

Any violation of the provisions of this article or the regulations adopted hereunder, or failure to comply with such provisions or regulations, is a Class 1 misdemeanor and punished as provided by law. Each day of such failure or violation shall be a separate offense as such.
1970, c. 48, § 3.1-562.10; 2008, c. 860.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 3.2 - Agriculture, Animal Care, and Food › Chapter 52 - Milk, Milk Products, and Dairies › § 3.2-5218. Definitions

As used in this article, unless the context requires a different meaning:
"Holder" means a corporation, association, partnership or two or more persons having a joint or common interest.
Code 1950, § 3-415; 1966, c. 702, § 3.1-545; 2008, c. 860.