reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17B. Motor Vehicle Driver's Licenses › Article 3. Cancellation, Suspension or Revocation of Licenses › §17B-3-13. Reports by Health Care Providers

(a) Health care providers licensed and authorized pursuant to chapter thirty of the code to diagnose or treat diseases, disorders, disabilities or conditions, may notify the division in writing of the full name, date of birth and address of every person fifteen years of age or older who suffers from a physical or mental disease, disorder, disability, condition or symptoms that prevents the person from safely operating motor vehicle, and which is either:
(1) Uncontrollable (either through medication, therapy, or surgery; or by driving device or technique);
(2) Controllable, but the patient does not comply with the recommendations of the health care provider for treatment or restricted driving; or
(3) Undiagnosed but the extent of driver impairment is potentially significant based on the patient's symptoms.
(b) Reports, recommendations or opinions, findings or advice received or made by the division for the purpose of determining whether a person is qualified to be licensed to drive are for the confidential use of the division and exempt from provisions of article one, chapter twenty-nine-b of this code and may only be admitted in proceedings to either suspend, revoke or impose limitations on the use of a driver's license pursuant to section six, subsection (a)(5), article three, chapter seventeen-b of this code or section seven, article three, chapter seventeen-b of this code, or to reinstate the driver's license.
(c) Reports, recommendations, opinions, findings or advice received or made by the division for the purpose of determining whether a person is qualified to be licensed to drive may not be used in any proceedings to establish or prove competencies other than qualifications to operate a vehicle.
(d) A health care provider who makes a notification pursuant to subsection (a) shall be immune from any civil, administrative or criminal liability that otherwise might be incurred or imposed because of such notification if the health care provider has:
(1) Documented in the patient's record the disease, disorder, disability, condition or symptoms which may impair the patient's ability to drive a motor vehicle to a degree that precludes the safe operation of a motor vehicle;
(2) Informed the patient that their disease, disorder, disability, condition or symptoms may impair the patient's ability to drive a motor vehicle to a degree that precludes the safe operation of a motor vehicle;
(3) Advised the patient that he or she should not operate a motor vehicle; and
(4) Disclosed to the patient that the health care provider may notify the Commissioner of the patient's condition and of the patient's inability to safely operate a motor vehicle.
(e) Compliance with or failure to comply with the requirements of this section does not constitute negligence, nor may compliance or noncompliance with the requirements of this section be admissible as evidence of negligence in any civil or criminal action.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17B. Motor Vehicle Driver's Licenses › Article 4. Violation of License Provisions › §17B-4-1. Unlawful Use of License or Nonoperator's Identification; License and Nonoperator's Identification Violations Generally

It is a misdemeanor for any person to commit any one of the following acts:
(1) To display or cause or permit to be displayed or have in his possession any fictitious or fraudulently altered operator's or chauffeur's license or nonoperator's identification;
(2) To lend his operator's or chauffeur's license or nonoperator's identification to any other person or knowingly permit the use thereof by another;
(3) To display or represent as one's own any operator's or chauffeur's license or nonoperator's identification not issued to him
(4) To use a false or fictitious name in any application for an operator's or chauffeur's license or nonoperator's identification or to knowingly make a false statement or to knowingly conceal a material fact or otherwise commit a fraud in any such application;
(5) To permit any unlawful use of an operator's or chauffeur's license or nonoperator's identification issued to him or
(6) To do any act forbidden or fail to perform any act required by this chapter.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17B. Motor Vehicle Driver's Licenses › Article 4. Violation of License Provisions › §17B-4-2. False Affidavits

Any person who makes any false affidavit, or knowingly swears or affirms falsely to any matter or thing required by the terms of this chapter to be sworn to or affirmed, is guilty of perjury and upon conviction shall be punished by fine or imprisonment as other persons committing perjury are punishable.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17B. Motor Vehicle Driver's Licenses › Article 4. Violation of License Provisions › §17B-4-6. Renting Motor Vehicle to Another

No person shall rent a motor vehicle to any other person unless the latter person is then duly licensed hereunder or, in the case of a nonresident, then duly licensed under the laws of the state or country of his residence.
No person shall rent a motor vehicle to another until he has inspected the operator's or chauffeur's license of the person to whom the vehicle is to be rented and compared and verified the signature thereon with the signature of such person written in his presence.
Every person renting a motor vehicle to another shall keep a record of the registration number of the motor vehicle so rented, the name and address of the person to whom the vehicle is rented, the number of the license of said latter person and the date and place when and where said license was issued. Such record shall be open to inspection by any police officer or officer or employee of the department.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17B. Motor Vehicle Driver's Licenses › Article 5. Penalties › §17B-5-1. Violations of Chapter; Penalty for Misdemeanor

It is a misdemeanor for any person to violate any of the provisions of this chapter unless such violation is by this chapter or other law of this state declared to be a felony.
Unless another penalty is in this chapter or by the laws of this state provided, every person convicted of a misdemeanor for the violation of any provisions of this chapter shall be punished by a fine of not more than $500 or by imprisonment for not more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17B. Motor Vehicle Driver's Licenses › Article 6. Effect of Chapter › §17B-6-1. Constitutionality

If any part or parts of this chapter shall be held to be unconstitutional such unconstitutionality shall not affect the validity of the remaining parts of this chapter. The Legislature hereby declares that it would have passed the remaining parts of this chapter if it had known that such part or parts thereof would be declared unconstitutional.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17B. Motor Vehicle Driver's Licenses › Article 7. Second Chance Driver’s License Program › §17B-7-2. Legislative Findings and Purpose

(a) The Legislature finds that allowing individuals who have been unable to obtain a driver’s license or to have their driver’s licenses reinstated due to unpaid court costs to obtain a stay of the driver’s license suspension or revocation will better enable these individuals to return to the workforce and repay unpaid court costs in a timely manner.
(b) The purpose of this article is to create a program that allows the commissioner to temporarily stay a driver’s license suspension or revocation for individuals who are accepted into the second chance driver’s license program if the individual thereafter remains current in the repayment of unpaid court costs as required by the program.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17B. Motor Vehicle Driver's Licenses › Article 7. Second Chance Driver’s License Program › §17B-7-3. Definitions

For the purposes of this article:
(1) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of the Division of Motor Vehicles, or his or her designee;
(2) “Consolidated repayment schedule” means the schedule by which a participant is expected to make monthly payments for unpaid court costs consistent with the requirements of the program as established by the director;
(3) “Court” means a municipal court, magistrate court, circuit court, family court or drug court in the State of West Virginia and the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia;
(4) “Director” means Director of the Division of Justice and Community Services, or his or her designee;
(5) “Good standing” means compliance by a participant with the requirements of the program, as set forth in this article and legislative rules promulgated hereunder;
(6) “Monthly payment” means the amount that a participant is scheduled to remit to the director each month pursuant to the consolidated repayment schedule;
(7) “Participant” means a person who applies for, and is accepted into, the second chance driver’s license program by the director;
(8) “Second chance driver’s license program” or “program” means the program created under this article that establishes a payment structure for a participant to consolidate unpaid court costs into monthly payments over a defined period of time, coordinates the acceptance and distribution of monthly payments from a participant and certifies that a participant in good standing is eligible for a temporary stay of a driver’s license suspension or revocation due to certain unpaid court costs; and
(9) “Unpaid court costs” means any fee, fine, expense, cost or other moneys that are required to be paid by a person to a court, pursuant to one or more valid court orders, and have not been paid in full.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17B. Motor Vehicle Driver's Licenses › Article 7. Second Chance Driver’s License Program › §17B-7-4. Second Chance Driver’s License Program Established; Creation and Administration by Director; Program Eligibility

(a) There is hereby established the second chance driver’s license program which shall be administered by the director pursuant to the requirements of this article.
(b) To be eligible to participate in the program, a person must:
(1) Have his or her driver’s license suspended or revoked for failure to remit unpaid court costs pursuant to section three-a or section three-c, article three, chapter seventeen-b of this code;
(2) Be at least twelve months delinquent in payment of unpaid court costs to a court or courts;
(3) Not have any unpaid court costs incurred from charges that involve driving a commercial motor vehicle or which otherwise violate the commercial driver’s license requirements in chapter seventeen-e of this code; and
(4) Meet other eligibility requirements established pursuant to the rules developed under section nine of this article.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17B. Motor Vehicle Driver's Licenses › Article 7. Second Chance Driver’s License Program › §17B-7-6. Payments to Be Made to Director; Certificate of Compliance; Failure to Comply With Consolidated Repayment Schedule

(a) Upon acceptance into the program and establishment of a consolidated repayment schedule, the participant shall remit monthly payments to the director in the manner prescribed by the director and in compliance with the consolidated repayment schedule.
(b) Upon receipt of the first monthly payment required by the participant’s consolidated repayment schedule, the director shall issue to the commissioner, in writing or electronically, a certificate of compliance verifying the participant’s good standing in the program.
(c) If a participant fails to make a monthly payment within thirty days of a deadline set by the consolidated repayment schedule, the director shall immediately issue, in writing or electronically, a certificate of noncompliance to the commissioner stating that the participant is not in good standing in the program.
(1) If a participant, after failing to make one or more timely monthly payments, remits the total amount due at that time according to the consolidated repayment schedule, the director shall issue a certificate of compliance to the commissioner stating that the participant is once again in good standing in the program.
(2) If a participant fails to make timely monthly payments in accordance with the consolidated repayment schedule on three occasions, the director shall remove the participant from the program and shall issue a program removal notice to the commissioner and applicable courts receiving payments under the program stating that the participant is no longer a participant in the program.
(d) If a participant is convicted of a subsequent criminal offense after acceptance into the program, the director shall remove the participant from the program and, upon removal, the director shall issue a program removal notice to the commissioner and applicable courts receiving payments under the program stating that the participant is no longer a participant in the program.
(e) Upon completion of all monthly payments in the consolidated repayment schedule by the participant, the director shall issue a program completion certificate to the commissioner and the court or courts to whom the participant owed unpaid court costs under the program, stating that the participant completed the program in good standing.
(f) Upon receipt of a program completion certificate by the director stating that the participant has completed the program in good standing, the court or courts whose unpaid court costs were paid according to the consolidated repayment schedule shall enter an order acknowledging payment in full of the unpaid court costs.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17B. Motor Vehicle Driver's Licenses › Article 7. Second Chance Driver’s License Program › §17B-7-7. Stay of Driver’s License Suspension or Revocation

(a) Upon receipt of a certificate of compliance prepared by the director, the Division of Motor Vehicles shall stay the participant’s driver’s license suspension or revocation for unpaid court costs: Provided, That the participant’s driver’s license shall be subject to restrictions upon where and when the participant may operate a motor vehicle during this stay of the suspension or revocation, as determined by the commissioner.
(b) The Division of Motor Vehicles may require retesting for a driver’s license for any participant who has not had a valid driver’s license within the six months prior to the date of receipt of the certificate of compliance. Notwithstanding any other provision of the code to the contrary, a participant shall not be required to pay any fees to the Division of Motor Vehicles for retesting.
(c) Upon receipt of a certificate of noncompliance prepared by the director, the commissioner shall remove the stay of the participant’s driver’s license suspension or revocation until further notice from the director regarding the participant’s status in the program.
(d) Upon receipt of a program removal notice issued by the director, the commissioner shall remove the stay of the participant’s driver’s license suspension or revocation.
(e) Notwithstanding any other provision of code to the contrary, no participant in the program shall be required to pay any reinstatement fees for unpaid court costs within the scope of the consolidated repayment schedule.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17B. Motor Vehicle Driver's Licenses › Article 7. Second Chance Driver’s License Program › §17B-7-8. Second Chance Driver’s License Program Account Created

There is hereby created in the State Treasury an account to be known as the Second Chance Driver’s License Program Account. The account shall consist of all moneys received from individuals participating in the program. The fund shall be administered by the Division of Justice and Community Services solely for the purposes of this article. Any moneys remaining in the fund at the close of a fiscal year shall be carried forward for use in the next fiscal year. Funds in the account shall not be invested, used, withdrawn or transferred out of the account except for the purposes allowed in the provisions of this article.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17B. Motor Vehicle Driver's Licenses › Article 7. Second Chance Driver’s License Program › §17B-7-9. Deposit of Funds Into Account; Disbursement of Funds From Account

(a) The director shall deposit all money received from participants pursuant to a consolidated repayment schedule into the Second Chance Drivers License Program Account. The director shall prorate, separate, and identify the portion of each payment that constitutes payment of a fine, forfeiture, penalty, or an amount due as restitution to a crime victim or costs to be credited to the Crime Victims Compensation Fund pursuant to 62-5-10 of this code in accordance with the information provided to the director pursuant to 17B-7-5(c) of this code.
(b) After deposit of a participants monthly payment into this account, the director shall make disbursements from this account as follows:
(1) Portions of payments identified as payment of a fine, forfeiture, penalty, or an amount due as restitution to a crime victim or costs to be credited to the Crime Victims Compensation Fund pursuant to 62-5-10 of this code shall be disbursed to the courts identified in the repayment schedule or as applicable to the Crime Victims Compensation Fund pursuant to 62-5-10 of this code;
(2) The director shall disburse 95 percent of the portions of the payments remaining after payment as required in subdivision (1) of this subsection to the courts identified in the participants consolidated repayment schedule. Courts shall accept and document these payments of 95 percent of the total unpaid court costs, not including court costs received pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection, as payment in full of the amount owed by the participant to the court for this portion of court costs owed; and
(3) The portion of the payments remaining in the account after payment of the court costs in subdivisions (1) and (2) of this subsection may be appropriated by the Legislature to be expended for costs incurred by the director in the administration of this article.
(c) Courts that receive disbursements pursuant to subsection (b) of this section are responsible for making statutory disbursements of amounts received in satisfaction of unpaid court costs according to the requirements of the code.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17B. Motor Vehicle Driver's Licenses › Article 7. Second Chance Driver’s License Program › §17B-7-10. Rule-Making Authority

(a) To implement the provisions of this article, the director, in consultation with the commissioner, shall promulgate emergency and legislative rules pursuant to the provisions of article three, chapter twenty-nine-a of this code, which shall include, but not be limited to, the following:
(1) The form, content and information required to be furnished in the application forms;
(2) The procedure and requirements of the eligibility review process;
(3) Guidelines for creation of a consolidated repayment schedule of unpaid court costs;
(4) Terms and conditions for acceptance into the program, maintenance of good standing, and completion of the program;
(5) Forms for certificates of compliance, certificates of noncompliance, program removal notice and program completion certificate; and
(6) The procedures for removal or suspension from the program.
(b) To implement the provisions of this article, the commissioner shall promulgate emergency and legislative rules pursuant to the provisions of article three, chapter twenty-nine-a of this code, which may include, but are not limited to, the following:
(1) Establishing the procedures for issuing a stay of a participant’s driver’s license suspension or revocation; and
(2) Establishing the restrictions upon where and when a participant may utilize his or her driver’s license to operate a motor vehicle during the stay of the suspension or revocation authorized by this article.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-5a. Moped

"Moped" means every motorcycle or motor-driven cycle unless otherwise specified in this chapter, which is equipped with two or three wheels, foot pedals to permit muscular propulsion, and an independent power source providing a maximum of two-brake horsepower, but excludes electric bicycles as defined in 17C-1-70 of this code. If a combustion engine is used, the maximum piston or rotor displacement shall be 50 cubic centimeters regardless of the number of chambers in the power source. The power source shall be capable of propelling the vehicle, unassisted, at a speed not to exceed 30 miles per hour on a level road surface and shall be equipped with a power drive system that functions directly or automatically only, not requiring clutching or shifting by the operator after the drive system is engaged.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-6. Authorized Emergency Vehicle

"Authorized emergency vehicle" means vehicles of a fire department, duly chartered rescue squad, police department, ambulance service, hospital police department, state, county, or municipal agency, and such privately owned ambulances, tow trucks, wreckers, flag car services, vehicles providing road service to disabled vehicles, service vehicles of a public service corporation, postal service vehicles, snow removal equipment, Class A vehicles of firefighters, Class A vehicles of members of ambulance services, Class A vehicles of members of duly chartered rescue squads, emergency management and operations vehicles operated by airports and designated pursuant to 17C-15-26 of this code, and all other emergency vehicles as are designated by the agency responsible for the operation and control of these persons or organizations. Class A vehicles are as defined by 17A-10-1 of this code. Agency authorization and emergency equipment are provided in 17C-15-26 of this code. Agencies responsible for issuing authorization for emergency vehicle permits may promulgate such regulations that are necessary for the issuance of permits for emergency vehicles. In the event that emergency medical technicians ("EMTs") or paramedics on the scene of an emergency are unable to drive an ambulance in the course of administering patient care, firefighters on the scene shall be permitted to drive an ambulance:
Provided
, That the fire department with which the firefighters are associated or members and the emergency medical services provider that owns the ambulance have previously entered into a memorandum of understanding or other agreement authorizing such action and the firefighter driving the ambulance has completed an Emergency Vehicle Operations Course ("EVOC") otherwise required by this code or legislative rule promulgated thereunder.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-16. Semitrailer

"Semitrailer" means every vehicle with or without motive power, other than a pole trailer, designed for carrying persons or property and for being drawn by a motor vehicle and so constructed that some part of its weight and that of its load rests upon or is carried by another vehicle.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-17. Pole Trailer

"Pole trailer" means every vehicle without motive power designed to be drawn by another vehicle and attached to the towing vehicle by means of a reach, or pole, or by being boomed or otherwise secured to the towing vehicle, and ordinarily used for transporting long or irregularly shaped loads such as poles, pipes, trusses, or structural members capable, generally, of sustaining themselves as beams between the supporting connections.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-24. Explosives

"Explosives" means any chemical compound or mechanical mixture that is commonly used or intended for the purpose of producing an explosive and which contains any oxidizing and combustive units or other ingredients in such proportions, quantities, or packing that an ignition by fire, by friction, by concussion, by percussion, or by detonator of any part of the compound or mixture may cause such a sudden generation of highly heated gases that the resultant gaseous pressures are capable of producing destructive effects on contiguous objects or of destroying life or limb.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-28. Division

"Division" means the Division of Motor Vehicles of this state acting directly or through its duly authorized officers and agents. Wherever in this chapter reference is made to "the department of motor vehicles" or "the department", unless a different meaning is clearly required, the reference shall be deemed to be a reference to the Division of Motor Vehicles.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-32. Owner

"Owner" means a person who holds the legal title of a vehicle or in the event a vehicle is the subject of an agreement for the conditional sale or lease thereof with the right of purchase upon performance of the conditions stated in the agreement and with an immediate right of possession vested in the conditional vendee or lessee, or in the event a mortgagor of a vehicle is entitled to possession, then such conditional vendee or lessee or mortgagor shall be deemed the owner for the purpose of this chapter.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-36. Private Road or Driveway; Private Property

(a) "Private road" or "driveway" means every way or place in private ownership and used for vehicular travel by the owner and those having express or implied permission from the owner, but not by other persons.
(b) "Private property" means real estate in private ownership without regard to the manner in which it is used.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-37. Roadway

"Roadway" means that portion of a highway improved, designed, or ordinarily used for vehicular travel, exclusive of the berm or shoulder. In the event a highway includes two or more separate roadways, the term "roadway" as used herein shall refer to any such roadway separately but not to all such roadways collectively.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-41. Controlled-Access Highway

"Controlled-access highway" means every highway, street, or roadway in respect to which owners or occupants of abutting lands and other persons have no legal right of access to or from the same except at such points only and in such manner as may be determined by the public authority having jurisdiction over such highway, street, or roadway.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-42. Intersection

"Intersection" includes: (a) The area embraced within the prolongation or connection of the lateral curb lines, or, if none, then the lateral boundary lines of the roadways of two highways which join one another at, or approximately at, right angles, or the area within which vehicles traveling upon different highways joining at any other angle may come in conflict; and
(b) Where a highway includes two roadways thirty feet or more apart, then every crossing of each roadway of such divided highway by an intersecting highway shall be regarded as a separate intersection. In the event such intersecting highway also includes two roadways thirty feet or more apart, then every crossing of two roadways of such highways shall be regarded as a separate intersection.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-43. Crosswalk

"Crosswalk" includes: (a) That part of a roadway at an intersection included within the connections of the lateral lines of the sidewalks on opposite sides of the highway measured from the curbs or, in the absence of curbs, from the edges of the traversable roadway; and
(b) Any portion of a roadway at an intersection or elsewhere distinctly indicated for pedestrian crossing by lines or other markings on the surface.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-45. Business District

"Business district" means the territory contiguous to and including a highway when within any six hundred feet along such highway there are buildings in use for business or industrial purposes, including but not limited to hotels, banks, or office buildings, railroad stations, and public buildings which occupy at least three hundred feet of frontage on one side or three hundred feet collectively on both sides of the highway.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-53. Stop, Stopping, or Standing

"Stop,""stopping," or "standing," when prohibited, means any stopping or standing of a vehicle, whether occupied or not, except when necessary to avoid conflict with other traffic or in compliance with the directions of a police officer or traffic- control sign or signal.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-56. Axle Group

"Axle group" means an assemblage of two or more consecutive axles considered together in determining their combined load effect on a bridge or pavement structure. The determination of what constitutes an axle group may include any or all the axles on the vehicle or combination of vehicles.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-57. Tandem Axle

"Tandem axle" means any two or more consecutive axles whose centers are more than forty inches but not more than ninety-six inches apart, and are individually attached to and/or articulated from a common attachment to the vehicle including a connecting mechanism designed to equalize the load between axles.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-58. Tandem Axle Weight

"Tandem axle weight" means the total weight transmitted to the road by two or more consecutive axles whose centers may be included between parallel transverse planes spaced more than forty inches and not more than ninety-six inches apart, extending the full width of the vehicle.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-61. Institution of Higher Education

The term "institution of higher education" shall mean "state colleges," "state college," "state universities" and "universities," "state university," and "university," and "community college" as defined in subsection (b), (c), (d), (e) and (f), section two, article twenty-six, chapter eighteen of this code and any other institution as defined by sections 401 (f), (g), (h) of the Federal Higher Education Facilities Act of 1963, as amended.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-62. Residential Street

"Residential street" means the entire width between the boundary lines of every way, whether publicly or privately maintained, located within any subdivision, development or other similar area used primarily for residential purposes when any part thereof is open to the common use of those living in said area for the purpose of vehicular travel.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-64. Passenger Van

"Passenger van" means any van or other motor vehicle owned by any agency, business or other legal entity and operated for the purpose of transportation of children under the age of eighteen years, other than a van utilized for private use, taxicab, bus or school bus. Passenger vans include, but are not limited to, vehicles used by day-care centers, after-school centers and nursery schools: Provided, That the term "passenger van" does not include any van or other motor vehicle which is utilized for the specific purpose of transporting children to medical facilities for the purpose of medical or dental treatment and which loads and unloads the children on private property, making no stops for loading or unloading along public roads or highways.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-66. Electric Personal Assistive Mobility Device

"Electric personal assistive mobility device" or "EPAMD" means a self-balancing, two nontandem-wheeled device, designed to transport only one person, with an electric propulsion system with average power of seven hundred fifty watts (one horse power), whose maximum speed on a paved level surface, when powered solely by such a propulsion system while ridden by an operator who weighs one hundred seventy pounds, is less than twenty miles per hour.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-67. Drug

"Drug" has the same meaning as set forth in section one hundred one, article one, chapter sixty-a of this code, the Uniform Controlled Substances Act, that when taken into the human body can impair the ability of a person to operate a vehicle safely and in compliance with traffic regulations and the laws of the road.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-69. Autocycle

“Autocycle” means a fully or partially enclosed motorcycle that is equipped with safety belts, rollover protection, a rearview mirror, automotive seating, a steering wheel and equipment otherwise required on a motorcycle and which has no more than three wheels in contact with the roadway at any one time.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 1. Words and Phrases Defined › §17C-1-70. Electric Bicycles; Definitions

For the purpose of this section, the term "electric bicycle" means a two or three wheeled vehicle with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of fewer than 750 watts. There is a "three-class system" to differentiate between the models and top-assisted speeds of electric bicycles.
"Class 1" electric bicycles have a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the e-bike reaches 20 mph.
"Class 2" electric bicycles have a motor that may be used exclusively to propel the bicycle, and that is not capable of providing assistance when the e-bike reaches 20 mph.
"Class 3" electric bicycles have a motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling, and that ceases to provide assistance when the e-bike reaches 28 mph.
"Throttle" refers to a device that controls the flow of power to the electric motor on an electric bicycle for the purpose of propelling the electric bicycle.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 2. Obedience to and Effect of Traffic Laws › §17C-2-1. Provisions of Chapter Refer to Vehicles Upon Streets and Highways; Exceptions

The provisions of this chapter relating to the operation of vehicles refer exclusively to the operation of vehicles upon streets and highways except:
(1) Where a different place is specifically referred to in a given section.
(2) The provisions of articles three, four, five, five-a, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, eighteen and nineteen shall apply upon streets and highways as defined in section one, article two, chapter seventeen-b of this code.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 2. Obedience to and Effect of Traffic Laws › §17C-2-3. Enforcement of Chapter; Designation and Power of Special Officers; Bond of Special Officers; Failure to Obey Police Officer or Special Officers

(a) It is the duty of the West Virginia state police and its members to enforce the provisions of this chapter and other laws of this state governing the operation of vehicles upon the streets and highways of this state as defined in section thirty-five, article one of this chapter or in other designated places specifically referred to in a given section in this chapter; and it is the duty of sheriffs and their deputies and of the police of municipalities to render to the West Virginia state police assistance in the performance of said duties as the superintendent of the West Virginia state police may require of them.
(b) The West Virginia commissioner of highways is authorized to designate employees of the West Virginia Division of Highways as special officers to enforce the provisions of this chapter only when special officers are directing traffic upon bridges and the approaches to bridges which are a part of the state road system when any bridge needs special traffic direction and the superintendent of the West Virginia state police has informed the West Virginia commissioner of highways that he or she is unable to furnish personnel for traffic direction. The West Virginia commissioner of highways may also designate certain employees of the West Virginia Division of Highways serving as members of official weighing crews as special officers to enforce the provisions of article seventeen of this chapter. Notwithstanding any provision of this code to the contrary, designated special officers serving as members of official weighing crews may carry handguns in the course of their official duties after meeting specialized qualifications established by the Governor's committee on crime, delinquency and correction, which qualifications shall include the successful completion of handgun training, including a minimum of four hours' training in handgun safety, paid for by the Division of Highways and comparable to the handgun training provided to law-enforcement officers by the West Virginia state police: Provided, That nothing in this section shall be construed to include designated special officers authorized by the provisions of this section as law-enforcement officers as such are defined in section one, article twenty-nine, chapter thirty of this code. The West Virginia commissioner of highways shall provide a blanket bond in the amount of $10,000 for all employees designated as special officers, as above provided.
(c) No person shall willfully fail or refuse to comply with a lawful order or direction of any police officer or designated special officer invested by law with authority to direct, control or regulate traffic.
(d) No person shall willfully fail or refuse to comply with a lawful order or direction of any designated special officer pursuant to the provisions of subsection (b) of this section.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 2. Obedience to and Effect of Traffic Laws › §17C-2-4. Obedience to Chapter of Public Officers and Employees; Chapter Inapplicable to Persons Engaged in Highway Surface Work

(a) The provisions of this chapter applicable to the drivers of vehicles upon the highways shall apply to the drivers of all vehicles owned or operated by the United States, this state, or any county, city, town, district, or any other political subdivision of the state, except as provided in this section and subject to such specific exceptions as are set forth in this chapter with reference to authorized emergency vehicles.
(b) Unless specifically made applicable, the provisions of this chapter shall not apply to persons, teams, motor vehicles, and other equipment while actually engaged in work upon the surface of a highway but shall apply to such persons and vehicles when traveling to or from such work.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 2. Obedience to and Effect of Traffic Laws › §17C-2-5. Authorized Emergency Vehicles

(a) The driver of an authorized emergency vehicle, when responding to an emergency call or when in the pursuit of an actual or suspected violator of the law or when responding to but not upon returning from a fire alarm, may exercise the privileges set forth in this section, but subject to the conditions herein stated.
(b) The driver of an authorized emergency vehicle may:
(1) Park or stand, irrespective of the provisions of this chapter;
(2) Proceed past a red or stop signal or stop sign, but only after slowing down as may be necessary for safe operation;
(3) Exceed the speed limits so long as he does not endanger life or property;
(4) Disregard regulations governing direction of movement of turning in specified directions.
(c) The exemptions herein granted to an authorized emergency vehicle shall apply only when the driver of any said vehicle while in motion sounds audible signal by bell, siren, or exhaust whistle as may be reasonably necessary, and when the vehicle is equipped with at least one lighted flashing lamp as authorized by section twenty-six, article fifteen of this chapter which is visible under normal atmospheric conditions from a distance of five hundred feet to the front of such vehicle, except that an authorized emergency vehicle operated as a police vehicle need not be equipped with or display a warning light visible from in front of the vehicle.
(d) The foregoing provisions shall not relieve the driver of an authorized emergency vehicle from the duty to drive with due regard for the safety of all persons, nor shall such provisions protect the driver from the consequences of his reckless disregard for the safety of others.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 2. Obedience to and Effect of Traffic Laws › §17C-2-6. Traffic Laws Apply to Persons Riding Animals or Driving Animal-Drawn Vehicles

Every person riding an animal or driving any animal-drawn vehicle upon a roadway shall be granted all of the rights and shall be subject to all of the duties applicable to the driver of a vehicle by this chapter, except those provisions of this chapter which by their very nature can have no application.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 2. Obedience to and Effect of Traffic Laws › §17C-2-7. Uniformity of Provisions of Chapter Throughout State

The provisions of this chapter shall be applicable and uniform throughout this state and in all political subdivisions and municipalities therein and no local authority shall enact or enforce any ordinance, rule, or regulation in conflict with the provisions of this chapter unless expressly authorized herein. Local authorities may, however, adopt additional traffic regulations which are not in conflict with the provisions of this chapter.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 2. Obedience to and Effect of Traffic Laws › §17C-2-8. Powers of Local Authorities

(a) The provisions of this chapter shall not be deemed to prevent local authorities with respect to streets and highways under their jurisdiction and within the reasonable exercise of the police power from:
(1) Regulating the standing or parking of vehicles;
(2) Regulating traffic by means of police officers or traffic-control devices;
(3) Regulating or prohibiting processions or assemblages on the highways;
(4) Designating particular highways as one-way highways and requiring that all vehicles thereon be moved in one specific direction;
(5) Regulating the speed of vehicles in public parks;
(6) Designating any highway as a through highway and requiring that all vehicles stop before entering or crossing the same or designating any intersection as a stop intersection and requiring all vehicles to stop at one or more entrances at such intersection;
(7) Restricting the use of highways as authorized in section twelve, article seventeen of this chapter;
(8) Regulating the operation of bicycles and requiring the registration and licensing of same, including the requirement of a registration fee;
(9) Regulating or prohibiting the turning of vehicles or specified types of vehicles at intersections;
(10) Altering the speed limits as authorized herein;
(11) Adopting such other traffic regulations as are specifically authorized by this chapter.
(b) No local authority shall permit any parking on any state highway, or erect or maintain any stop sign or traffic- control device at any location so as to require the traffic on any state highway to stop before entering or crossing any intersecting highway unless approval in writing has first been obtained from the state road commissioner. Any such approval may be withdrawn by a notice in writing from the state road commissioner.
(c) No ordinance or regulation enacted under subdivisions (4), (5), (6), (7), or (10), of subsection (a) of this section shall be effective until signs giving notice of such local traffic regulations are posted upon or at the entrance to the highway or part thereof affected as may be most appropriate.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 2. Obedience to and Effect of Traffic Laws › §17C-2-9. Chapter Not to Interfere With Rights of Owners of Real Property

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prevent the owner of real property used by the public for purposes of vehicular travel by permission of the owner and not as matter of right from prohibiting such use, or from requiring other or different or additional conditions than those specified in this chapter, or otherwise regulating such use as may seem best to such owner.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 3. Traffic Signs, Signals and Markings › §17C-3-1. Adoption of Manual and Specifications for Uniform System of Traffic-Control Devices

The state road commission shall adopt a manual and specifications for a uniform system of traffic-control devices consistent with the provisions of this chapter for use upon highways within this state. Such uniform system shall correlate with and so far as possible conform to the system then current as approved by the American association of state highway officials.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 3. Traffic Signs, Signals and Markings › §17C-3-2. Placing and Maintaining Traffic-Control Devices and Signs on State Highways

(a) The state road commission shall place and maintain such traffic-control devices, conforming to its manual and specifications, upon all state highways as it shall deem necessary to indicate and to carry out the provisions of this chapter or to regulate, warn, or guide traffic.
(b) No local authority shall place or maintain any traffic- control device upon any highway under the jurisdiction of the state road commission except by the latter's permission.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 3. Traffic Signs, Signals and Markings › §17C-3-3. Local Traffic-Control Devices

Local authorities in their respective jurisdictions shall place and maintain such traffic-control devices upon highways under their jurisdiction as they may deem necessary to indicate and to carry out the provisions of this chapter or local traffic ordinances or to regulate, warn, or guide traffic. All such traffic-control devices hereafter erected shall conform to the state manual and specifications.