reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-401. Exemptions and exclusions

No tax levied pursuant to § 58.1-400, 58.1-400.1 or 58.1-400.2 is imposed on:
1. A public service corporation to the extent such corporation is subject to the license tax on gross receipts contained in Chapter 26 (§ 58.1-2600 et seq.) of this title;
2. Insurance companies to the extent such company is subject to the license tax on gross premiums under Chapter 25 (§ 58.1-2500 et seq.) of this title and reciprocal or interinsurance exchanges which pay a premium tax to the Commonwealth as provided by law;
3. State and national banks, banking associations and trust companies to the extent such companies are subject to the bank franchise tax on net capital;
3a. Credit unions organized and conducted as such under the laws of the Commonwealth or under the laws of the United States;
4. Electing small business corporations (S corporations);
5. Religious, educational, benevolent and other corporations not organized or conducted for pecuniary profit which by reason of their purposes or activities are exempt from income tax under the laws of the United States, except those organizations which have unrelated business income or other taxable income under such laws, except as provided in § 58.1-400.2;
6. Telephone companies chartered in the Commonwealth which are exclusively a local mutual association and are not designated to accumulate profits for the benefit of, or to pay dividends to, the stockholders or members thereof;
7. A corporation that has contracted with a commercial printer for printing and that is not otherwise taxable shall not become taxable by reason of: (i) the ownership or leasing by that corporation of tangible personal property located at the Virginia premises of the commercial printer and used solely in connection with the printing contract with such person; (ii) the sale by that corporation at another location of property of any kind printed at and shipped or distributed from the Virginia premises of the commercial printer; (iii) the activities in connection with the printing contract with such person of any kind performed by or on behalf of that corporation at the Virginia premises of the commercial printer; and (iv) the activities in connection with the printing contract with such person performed by the commercial printer for or on behalf of that corporation;
8. Foreign sales corporations (FSC) and any income attributable to an FSC under the rules relating to the taxation of an FSC in Part III, Subpart C of the Internal Revenue Code (§ 921 et seq.) and the regulations thereunder; and
9. For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2014, domestic international sales corporations (DISC) under the rules relating to the taxation of a DISC in Part IV, Subpart A of the Internal Revenue Code (§ 991 et seq.) and the regulations thereunder.
Code 1950, § 58-151.03; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1972, c. 310; 1978, cc. 159, 796; 1981, c. 402; 1984, c. 675; 1985, c. 221; 1987, c. 484; 1988, cc. 581, 899; 1995, cc. 422, 472; 1999, c. 971; 2014, cc. 26, 186.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-405. Corporations transacting or conducting entire business within this Commonwealth

Except as provided in § 58.1-405.1, if the entire business of the corporation is transacted or conducted within the Commonwealth, the tax imposed by this chapter shall be upon the entire Virginia taxable income of such corporation for each taxable year; however, if such corporation is certified by the Virginia Economic Development Partnership Authority as an eligible company pursuant to § 58.1-405.1, it may elect to (i) apportion its income between qualified localities, as defined in § 58.1-405.1, and other localities in the Commonwealth, provided that it shall not apportion any of its income to a state other than Virginia and (ii) utilize any modification for which it may be eligible pursuant to the provisions of § 58.1-408, 58.1-417, 58.1-418, 58.1-419, 58.1-420, 58.1-422, 58.1-422.1, or 58.1-422.2, as applicable. The entire business of the corporation shall be deemed to have been transacted or conducted within the Commonwealth if such corporation is not subject in any other state to a net income tax, a franchise tax measured by net income, or a franchise tax for the privilege of doing business.
Code 1950, § 58-151.033; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1981, c. 402; 1984, c. 675; 2018, cc. 801, 802.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-406. Allocation and apportionment of income

Any corporation having income from business activity which is taxable both within and without the Commonwealth shall allocate and apportion its Virginia taxable income as provided in §§ 58.1-407 through 58.1-420.
Code 1950, § 58-151.035; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1976, c. 436; 1979, c. 371; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-407. How dividends allocated

Dividends received to the extent included in Virginia taxable income are allocable to the state of commercial domicile of the taxpaying corporation.
Code 1950, § 58-151.037; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1981, c. 402; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-408. What income apportioned and how

A. The Virginia taxable income of any corporation, except those subject to the provisions of § 58.1-417, 58.1-418, 58.1-419, 58.1-420, 58.1-422, 58.1-422.1, 58.1-422.2, or 58.1-422.3, excluding income allocable under § 58.1-407, shall be apportioned to the Commonwealth by multiplying such income by a fraction, the numerator of which is the property factor plus the payroll factor, plus twice the sales factor, and the denominator of which is four; however, where the sales factor does not exist, the denominator of the fraction shall be the number of existing factors and where the sales factor exists but the payroll factor or the property factor does not exist, the denominator of the fraction shall be the number of existing factors plus one.
B. Any eligible company, as defined in § 58.1-405.1, may subtract from the numerator of the corresponding factor the value of its (i) property acquired in any qualified locality or qualified localities, as defined in § 58.1-405.1, on or after January 1, 2018, but before January 1, 2025; (ii) payroll attributable to jobs created on or after January 1, 2018, but before January 1, 2025, in any qualified locality or qualified localities; and (iii) sales in the Commonwealth during the taxable year. Such eligible company may make such modification for the taxable year in which it first becomes eligible and for the six subsequent, consecutive taxable years, except for any year in which the eligible company's (a) total, cumulative new capital investment falls below the applicable initial threshold or (b) number of new jobs falls below the applicable initial threshold.
Code 1950, § 58-151.041; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1981, c. 402; 1984, c. 675; 1999, cc. 158, 186; 2009, c. 821; 2012, cc. 86, 666; 2015, cc. 92, 237; 2018, cc. 801, 802, 807.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-409. Property factor

The property factor is a fraction, the numerator of which is the average value of the corporation's real and tangible personal property owned and used or rented and used in the Commonwealth during the taxable year and the denominator of which is the average value of all the corporation's real and tangible personal property owned and used or rented and used during the taxable year and located everywhere, to the extent that such property is used to produce Virginia taxable income and is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States and income therefrom is includable in federal taxable income.
Code 1950, § 58-151.042; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1978, c. 184; 1981, c. 402; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-410. Valuation of property owned or rented

Property owned by the corporation shall be valued at its original cost plus the cost of additions and improvements. Property rented by the corporation shall be valued at eight times the annual rental rate paid by the corporation. The value of movable tangible personal property used both within and without the Commonwealth shall be included in the numerator to the extent of its utilization in the Commonwealth. The extent of such utilization shall be determined by multiplying the total value of such property by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days of physical location of the property in the Commonwealth during the taxable period and the denominator of which is the number of days of physical location of the property everywhere during the taxable period. The number of days of physical location of the property may be determined on a statistical basis or by such other reasonable method acceptable to the Department.
Code 1950, § 58-151.043; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1981, c. 402; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-411. Average value of property

The average value of property shall be determined by averaging the value at the beginning and ending of the taxable year, but the Department may require the averaging of monthly values during the taxable year if reasonably required to reflect properly the average value of the corporation's property.
Code 1950, § 58-151.044; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-412. Payroll factor

The payroll factor is a fraction, the numerator of which is the total amount paid or accrued in the Commonwealth during the tax period by the corporation for compensation, and the denominator of which is the total compensation paid or accrued everywhere during the taxable year, to the extent that such payroll is used to produce Virginia taxable income and is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States and income therefrom is includable in federal taxable income.
Code 1950, § 58-151.045; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1981, c. 402; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-413. When compensation deemed paid or accrued in this Commonwealth

Compensation is paid or accrued in the Commonwealth if:
1. The employee's service is performed entirely within the Commonwealth;
2. The employee's service is performed both within and without the Commonwealth, but the service performed without the Commonwealth is incidental to the employee's service within the Commonwealth; or
3. Some of the service is performed in the Commonwealth; and
a. The base of operations or, if there is no base of operations, the place from which the service is directed or controlled is in the Commonwealth; or
b. The base of operations or the place from which the service is directed or controlled is not in any state in which some part of the service is performed, but the employee's residence is in the Commonwealth.
Code 1950, § 58-151.046; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-414. Sales factor

The sales factor is a fraction, the numerator of which is the total sales of the corporation in the Commonwealth during the taxable year, and the denominator of which is the total sales of the corporation everywhere during the taxable year, to the extent that such sales are used to produce Virginia taxable income and are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States and income therefrom is includable in federal taxable income.
Code 1950, § 58-151.047; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1981, c. 402; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-415. When sales of tangible personal property deemed in the Commonwealth

Sales of tangible personal property are in the Commonwealth if such property is received in the Commonwealth by the purchaser. In the case of delivery by common carrier or other means of transportation, the place at which such property is ultimately received after all transportation has been completed shall be considered as the place at which such property is received by the purchaser. Direct delivery in the Commonwealth, other than for purposes of transportation, to a person or firm designated by a purchaser, constitutes delivery to the purchaser in the Commonwealth, and direct delivery outside the Commonwealth to a person or firm designated by the purchaser does not constitute delivery to the purchaser in the Commonwealth, regardless of where title passes, or other conditions of sale.
Code 1950, § 58-151.048; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1981, c. 402; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-416. (Contingent expiration date - See Editor's note) When certain other sales deemed in the Commonwealth

A. Sales, other than sales of tangible personal property, are in the Commonwealth if:
1. The income-producing activity is performed in the Commonwealth; or
2. The income-producing activity is performed both in and outside the Commonwealth and a greater proportion of the income-producing activity is performed in the Commonwealth than in any other state, based on costs of performance.
B. 1. For debt buyers, as defined in § 58.1-422.3, sales, other than sales of tangible personal property, are in the Commonwealth if they consist of money recovered on debt that a debt buyer collected from a person who is a resident of the Commonwealth or an entity that has its commercial domicile in the Commonwealth. Such rule shall apply regardless of the location of a debt buyer's business.
2. For property information and analytics firms, as defined in § 58.1-422.4, that meet the requirements set forth in § 58.1-422.4, sales of services are in the Commonwealth if they are derived from transactions with a customer or client who receives the benefit of the services in the Commonwealth. Such rule shall apply regardless of the location of a property information and analytics firm's business operations.
C. The taxes under this article on the sales described under subsection B are imposed to the maximum extent permitted under the Constitutions of Virginia and the United States and federal law. For the collection of such taxes on such sales, it is the intent of the General Assembly that the Tax Commissioner and the Department assert the taxpayer's nexus with the Commonwealth to the maximum extent permitted under the Constitutions of Virginia and the United States and federal law.
D. If necessary information is not available to the taxpayer to determine whether a sale other than a sale of tangible personal property is in the Commonwealth pursuant to the provisions of subsections B and C, the taxpayer may estimate the dollar value or portion of such sale in the Commonwealth, provided that the taxpayer can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Tax Commissioner that (i) the estimate has been undertaken in good faith, (ii) the estimate is a reasonable approximation of the dollar value or portion of such sale in the Commonwealth, and (iii) in using an estimate the taxpayer did not have as a principal purpose the avoidance of any tax due under this article. The Department may implement procedures for obtaining its approval to use an estimate. The Department shall adopt remedies and corrective procedures for cases in which the Department has determined that the sourcing rules for sales other than sales of tangible personal property have been abused by the taxpayer, which may include reliance on the location of income-producing activity and direct costs of performance as described in subsection A.
Code 1950, § 58-151.049; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1984, c. 675; 2018, c. 807; 2022, cc. 256, 257.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-416. (Contingent effective date - See Editor's note) When certain other sales deemed in the Commonwealth

A. Sales, other than sales of tangible personal property, are in the Commonwealth if:
1. The income-producing activity is performed in the Commonwealth; or
2. The income-producing activity is performed both in and outside the Commonwealth and a greater proportion of the income-producing activity is performed in the Commonwealth than in any other state, based on costs of performance.
B. 1. For debt buyers, as defined in § 58.1-422.3, sales, other than sales of tangible personal property, are in the Commonwealth if they consist of money recovered on debt that a debt buyer collected from a person who is a resident of the Commonwealth or an entity that has its commercial domicile in the Commonwealth. Such rule shall apply regardless of the location of a debt buyer's business.
2. For property information and analytics firms, as defined in § 58.1-422.4, that meet the requirements set forth in § 58.1-422.4, sales of services are in the Commonwealth if they are derived from transactions with a customer or client who receives the benefit of the services in the Commonwealth. Such rule shall apply regardless of the location of a property information and analytics firm's business operations.
C. The taxes under this article on the sales described under subsection B are imposed to the maximum extent permitted under the Constitutions of Virginia and the United States and federal law. For the collection of such taxes on such sales, it is the intent of the General Assembly that the Tax Commissioner and the Department assert the taxpayer's nexus with the Commonwealth to the maximum extent permitted under the Constitutions of Virginia and the United States and federal law.
D. If necessary information is not available to the taxpayer to determine whether a sale other than a sale of tangible personal property is in the Commonwealth pursuant to the provisions of subsections B and C, the taxpayer may estimate the dollar value or portion of such sale in the Commonwealth, provided that the taxpayer can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Tax Commissioner that (i) the estimate has been undertaken in good faith, (ii) the estimate is a reasonable approximation of the dollar value or portion of such sale in the Commonwealth, and (iii) in using an estimate the taxpayer did not have as a principal purpose the avoidance of any tax due under this article. The Department may implement procedures for obtaining its approval to use an estimate. The Department shall adopt remedies and corrective procedures for cases in which the Department has determined that the sourcing rules for sales other than sales of tangible personal property have been abused by the taxpayer, which may include reliance on the location of income-producing activity and direct costs of performance as described in subsection A.
Code 1950, § 58-151.049; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1984, c. 675; 2018, c. 807; 2022, cc. 256, 257.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-417. Motor carriers; apportionment

A. Motor carriers of property or passengers shall apportion their net apportionable income to this Commonwealth by the use of the ratio of vehicle miles in this Commonwealth to total vehicle miles of the corporation everywhere. For the purposes of this section the words "vehicle miles" in the case of motor carriers of property shall mean miles traveled by vehicles (whether owned or operated by the corporation) hauling property for a charge or traveling on a scheduled route. In the case of motor carriers of passengers the same shall mean miles traveled by vehicles (whether owned or operated by the corporation) carrying passengers for a fare or traveling on a scheduled route.
B. The provisions of subsection A shall not be applicable to a carrier:
1. Which neither owns nor rents real or tangible personal property within this Commonwealth, except vehicles, which has made no pick-ups or deliveries within this Commonwealth, and which has traveled less than 50,000 vehicle miles in this Commonwealth in the taxable year; or
2. Which neither owns nor rents any real or tangible personal property within this Commonwealth, except vehicles, and which makes no more than twelve round trips into this Commonwealth during a taxable year.
The mileage traveled under 50,000 miles or the mileage traveled in such round trips, however, may not represent more than 5 percent of the total miles annually traveled in all states by such carrier.
C. Any eligible company, as defined in § 58.1-405.1, may subtract its vehicle miles traveled in any qualified locality or qualified localities, as defined in § 58.1-405.1, during the taxable year from the numerator of the ratio in subsection A. Such eligible company may make such modification for the taxable year in which it first becomes eligible and for the six subsequent, consecutive taxable years, except for any year in which the eligible company's (i) total, cumulative new capital investment falls below the applicable initial threshold or (ii) number of new jobs falls below the applicable initial threshold.
Code 1950, § 58-151.050; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1977, c. 658; 1984, c. 675; 2018, cc. 801, 802.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-418. Financial corporations; apportionment

A. The Virginia taxable income of a financial corporation, as defined herein, excluding income allocable under § 58.1-407, shall be apportioned within and without this Commonwealth in the ratio that the business within this Commonwealth is to the total business of the corporation. Business within this Commonwealth shall be based on cost of performance in the Commonwealth over cost of performance everywhere.
B. "Financial corporation" means any corporation not exempted from the imposition of tax under the provisions of § 58.1-401, which derives more than seventy percent of its gross income from the classes of income enumerated in subdivisions 1 through 4 below, without reference to the state wherein such income is earned, including but not limited to small loan companies, sales finance companies, brokerage companies and investment companies:
1. Fees, commissions, other compensation for financial services rendered;
2. Gross profits from trading in stocks, bonds, or other securities;
3. Interest; and
4. Dividends received to the extent included in Virginia taxable income.
C. In computing the amounts referred to in subdivisions 1 through 4 of subsection B of this section, any amount received by a member of an affiliated group, determined under § 1504(a) of the Internal Revenue Code but without reference to whether any such corporation is an includable corporation under § 1504(b) of the Internal Revenue Code, from another member of such group shall be included only to the extent such amount exceeds expenses of the recipient directly related thereto.
D. Any eligible company, as defined in § 58.1-405.1, may subtract the value of its business within any qualified locality or qualified localities, as defined in § 58.1-405.1, during the taxable year from the numerator of the ratio in subsection A. Such eligible company may make such modification for the taxable year in which it first becomes eligible and for the six subsequent, consecutive taxable years, except for any year in which the eligible company's (i) total, cumulative new capital investment falls below the applicable initial threshold or (ii) number of new jobs falls below the applicable initial threshold.
Code 1950, § 58-151.050:1; 1976, c. 436; 1979, c. 32; 1981, c. 402; 1984, c. 675; 2018, cc. 801, 802.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-419. Construction corporations; apportionment

A. Construction companies which have elected to report income on the completed contract basis shall apportion income within and without this Commonwealth in the ratio that the business within the Commonwealth is to the total business of the corporation.
B. All other construction corporations not reporting under the completed contract method shall determine Virginia taxable income by reference to §§ 58.1-406 through 58.1-416.
C. Any eligible company, as defined in § 58.1-405.1, may subtract the value of its business within any qualified locality or qualified localities, as defined in § 58.1-405.1, during the taxable year from the numerator of the ratio in subsection A. Such eligible company may make such modification for the taxable year in which it first becomes eligible and for the six subsequent, consecutive taxable years, except for any year in which the eligible company's (i) total, cumulative new capital investment falls below the applicable initial threshold or (ii) number of new jobs falls below the applicable initial threshold.
Code 1950, § 58-151.050:2; 1976, c. 436; 1981, c. 402; 1984, c. 675; 2018, cc. 801, 802.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-420. Railway companies; apportionment

A. Notwithstanding the provisions of § 58.1-408, railway companies shall determine their net apportionable income to the Commonwealth by multiplying the Virginia taxable income of such company, excluding the classes of income allocable under § 58.1-407, by the use of the ratio of revenue car miles in the Commonwealth to total revenue car miles of the company everywhere. For the purposes of this section, "revenue car mile" in the case of railway carriers of property or passengers means the movement of a unit of loaded car equipment a distance of one mile. The loaded car miles shall be determined in accordance with the Uniform System of Accounts for Railroad Companies of the Interstate Commerce Commission.
B. Any eligible company, as defined in § 58.1-405.1, may subtract its revenue car miles traveled in any qualified locality or qualified localities, as defined in § 58.1-405.1, during the taxable year from the numerator of the ratio in subsection A. Such eligible company may make such modification for the taxable year in which it first becomes eligible and for the six subsequent, consecutive taxable years, except for any year in which the eligible company's (i) total, cumulative new capital investment falls below the applicable initial threshold or (ii) number of new jobs falls below the applicable initial threshold.
Code 1950, §§ 58-151.021, 58-151.050:3; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1978, c. 784; 1979, c. 371; 1981, c. 402; 1984, c. 675; 2018, cc. 801, 802.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-421. Alternative method of allocation

If any corporation believes that the method of allocation or apportionment hereinbefore prescribed as administered by the Department has operated or will so operate as to subject it to taxation on a greater portion of its Virginia taxable income than is reasonably attributable to business or sources within this Commonwealth, it shall be entitled to file with the Department a statement of its objections and of such alternative method of allocation or apportionment as it believes to be proper under the circumstances with such detail and proof and within such time as the Department may reasonably prescribe. If the Department concludes that the method of allocation or apportionment theretofore employed is in fact inapplicable or inequitable, it shall redetermine the taxable income by such other method of allocation or apportionment as seems best calculated to assign to the Commonwealth for taxation the portion of the income reasonably attributable to business and sources within the Commonwealth, not exceeding, however, the amount which would be arrived at by application of the statutory rules for allocation or apportionment.
Code 1950, § 58-151.051; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-422.1. Retail companies; apportionment

A. For taxable years beginning on or after July 1, 2012, the Virginia taxable income of a retail company, excluding income allocable under § 58.1-407, shall be apportioned within and without the Commonwealth as follows:
1. From July 1, 2012, until July 1, 2014, by multiplying such income by a fraction, the numerator of which is the property factor plus the payroll factor plus triple the sales factor and the denominator of which is five, except that when the sales factor does not exist, the denominator of the fraction shall be the number of existing factors, and when the sales factor exists but the payroll factor or property factor does not exist, the denominator of the fraction shall be the number of existing factors plus two;
2. From July 1, 2014, until July 1, 2015, by multiplying such income by a fraction, the numerator of which is the property factor plus the payroll factor plus quadruple the sales factor and the denominator of which is six, except that when the sales factor does not exist, the denominator of the fraction shall be the number of existing factors, and when the sales factor exists but the payroll factor or property factor does not exist, the denominator of the fraction shall be the number of existing factors plus three; and
3. From July 1, 2015, and thereafter, by multiplying such income by the sales factor.
B. As used in this section, "retail company" means a domestic or foreign corporation primarily engaged in activities that, in accordance with the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), United States Manual, United States Office of Management and Budget, 1997 Edition, would be included in Sectors 44-45.
C. Any eligible company, as defined in § 58.1-405.1, may subtract the value of its sales in the Commonwealth during the taxable year from the numerator of the ratio in subdivision A 3. Such eligible company may make such modification for the taxable year in which it first becomes eligible and for the six subsequent, consecutive taxable years, except for any year in which the eligible company's (i) total, cumulative new capital investment falls below the applicable initial threshold or (ii) number of new jobs falls below the applicable initial threshold.
D. For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2023, corporations that are affiliated within the meaning of § 58.1-302 and filing on a consolidated basis may elect to apportion the taxable income of all members of such affiliated group using the sales factor alone notwithstanding that one or more members of such affiliated group would be required to use different apportionment factors if separate returns were filed. Such an election shall be valid only with respect to taxable years in which 80 percent or more of the sales of such affiliated group after consolidation and eliminations is derived from activities of a retail company. Such an election, once made, shall not be changed without permission of the Department.
2012, cc. 86, 666; 2018, cc. 801, 802; 2012, cc. 86, 666; 2018, cc. 801, 802; 2023, cc. 38, 39.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-422.3. Debt buyers; apportionment

A. As used in this section, "debt buyer" means an entity and its affiliated entities that purchase nonperforming loans from unaffiliated commercial entities that (i) are in default for at least 120 days or (ii) are in bankruptcy proceedings. "Debt buyer" does not include an entity that provides debt collection services for unaffiliated entities.
B. For taxable years beginning on and after January 1, 2019, the Virginia taxable income of a debt buyer, excluding income allocable under § 58.1-407, shall be apportioned within and without the Commonwealth by multiplying such income by the sales factor. For debt buyers, only money recovered on debt that a debt buyer collected from a person who is a resident of the Commonwealth or an entity that has its commercial domicile in the Commonwealth shall be apportioned to the Commonwealth for income tax purposes.
2018, c. 807.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-422.4. Property information and analytics firms

A. As used in this section:
"Authority" means the Virginia Economic Development Partnership Authority.
"Eligible city" means the City of Richmond.
"Memorandum of understanding" means a performance agreement or related document entered into by a property information and analytics firm and the Authority on or after December 1, 2021, but before August 1, 2022, that sets forth the requirements for capital investments and the creation of new full-time jobs by such property information and analytics firm.
"Property information and analytics firm" means an entity and its affiliated entities that as of January 1, 2022, is primarily a commercial real estate information and analytics firm with a location in an eligible city and that between January 1, 2022, and January 1, 2029, is expected to (i) make or cause to be made a capital investment in an eligible city of at least $414.45 million and (ii) create at least 1,785 new jobs with average annual wages of at least $85,000 per job.
B. 1. For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2022, but before January 1, 2029, a property information and analytics firm shall be subject to the provisions of subdivision B 2 of § 58.1-416 only if the Authority certifies to the Department that it has at least 1,000 full-time employees as of January 1, 2022, in an eligible city, subject to the terms and conditions of the memorandum of understanding.
2. For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2029, a property information and analytics firm shall be subject to the provisions of subdivision B 2 of § 58.1-416 only if the Authority certifies to the Department that it has at least 2,785 full-time employees as of January 1, 2029, in an eligible city, and from January 1, 2022, through December 31, 2028, has made or caused to be made a capital investment for its facilities in that eligible city of at least $414.45 million. Once the Authority certifies a property information and analytics firm has met the job and capital investment requirements set forth in this subdivision, no additional certifications shall be required and the property information and analytics firm shall continue to be subject to the provisions of subdivision B 2 of § 58.1-416 in all future taxable years.
C. The General Assembly finds that the growth of property information and analytics firms, including the capital investment and new jobs spurred by such growth, is essential to the continued fiscal health of the Commonwealth. Accordingly, the provisions of subsections A and B relating to capital investment and new jobs are integral to the purpose of this section. If any provision of this section is for any reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional by the decision of a court of competent jurisdiction, that provision shall not be deemed severable.
2022, cc. 256, 257.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-422.5. (Contingent effective date - See Editor's note) Internet root infrastructure providers

A. As used in this section:
"Authority" means the Virginia Economic Development Partnership Authority.
"Eligible planning district" means Planning District 8.
"Internet root infrastructure provider" means an entity and its affiliated entities that is designated to operate one or more of the 13 Internet root servers of the Internet Assigned Names Authority (IANA) root and functions as the authoritative directory for one or more Top-Level Domains. This term does not include an Internet service provider, cable service provider, or similar company.
"Internet root server of the IANA root" means a Domain Name System server for one of the 13 root identities (A. - M.) that answers requests for the Domain Name System root zone of the Internet, redirecting requests for each Top-Level Domain to its respective nameservers.
"Memorandum of understanding" means a performance agreement or related document entered into by an Internet root infrastructure provider and the Authority on or after January 1, 2023, but before December 1, 2023, that sets forth the requirements for commitments to the Commonwealth.
B. 1. For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2023, but before January 1, 2030, an Internet root infrastructure provider shall be subject to the provisions of subdivision B 3 of § 58.1-416 only if the Authority certifies to the Department that the taxpayer has at least 550 full-time employees with an average annual salary of $175,000 in an eligible planning district, has entered into a memorandum of understanding with the Authority, and has met the terms of such agreement.
2. For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2030, if the Authority certifies to the Department that all requirements of the memorandum of understanding have been satisfied, no additional certifications shall be required, and the Internet root infrastructure provider shall continue to be subject to the provisions of subdivision B 3 of § 58.1-416 in future taxable years.
C. The General Assembly finds that the presence of the Internet root infrastructure provider industry is essential to the continued fiscal health of the Commonwealth. If any provision of this section is for any reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional by the decision of a court of competent jurisdiction, that provision shall not be deemed severable.
2023, cc. 405, 406.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-423. Income tax paid by commercial spaceflight entities

A. Beginning July 1, 2011, and for fiscal years 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016, the portion of the Virginia income tax net revenue generated by qualified corporations or limited liability companies that is attributable to the sale of commercial human spaceflights or commercial spaceflight training (regardless of point of sale, or where space flight takes place), or is incidental to the sale of commercial human spaceflights, shall be transferred to the Virginia Commercial Space Flight Authority, established pursuant to Article 2 (§ 2.2-2201 et seq.) of Chapter 22 of Title 2.2. The Tax Commissioner shall make a written certification to the Comptroller within 15 days of the close of each calendar quarter providing an estimate of the portion of the Virginia income tax net revenue generated during the calendar quarter by the qualified corporations or limited liability companies that is attributable to the sale of commercial human spaceflights or commercial spaceflight training or is incidental to the sale of commercial human spaceflights. Not later than 30 days after the close of each quarter, the Comptroller shall transfer to the Virginia Commercial Space Flight Authority an amount from the general fund that is equal to the estimate provided by the Tax Commissioner.
B. For purposes of this section, a qualified corporation or limited liability company is a corporation or limited liability company that engages in commercial human spaceflights or commercial spaceflight training.
2011, c. 563; 2012, cc. 779, 817; 2015, c. 260.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-432. Tax credit for purchase of conservation tillage equipment

A. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2021, any corporation shall be allowed a credit against the tax imposed by § 58.1-400 of an amount equaling 25 percent of all expenditures made for the purchase and installation of conservation tillage equipment used in agricultural production by the purchaser. As used in this section, the term "conservation tillage equipment" means a planter, drill, or other equipment used to reduce soil compaction commonly known as a "no-till" planter, drill, or other equipment used to reduce soil compaction including guidance systems to control traffic patterns that are designed to minimize disturbance of the soil in planting crops, including such planters, drills, or other equipment used to reduce soil compaction which may be attached to equipment already owned by the taxpayer.
B. The amount of such credit shall not exceed $4,000 or the total amount of tax imposed by this chapter, whichever is less, in the year of purchase. If the amount of such credit exceeds the taxpayer's tax liability for such tax year, the amount which exceeds such tax liability may be carried over for credit against income taxes in the next five taxable years until the total amount of the tax credit has been taken.
C. For purposes of this section, the amount of any credit attributable to the purchase and installation of conservation tillage equipment by a partnership or electing small business corporation (S corporation) shall be allocated to the individual partners or shareholders in proportion to their ownership or interest in the partnership or S corporation.
1985, c. 560; 1990, c. 416; 2005, c. 58; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 272.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-438.1. Tax credit for vehicle emissions testing equipment, clean-fuel vehicles and certain refueling property

Any corporation, individual or public service corporation shall be allowed a credit against the income or gross receipts taxes imposed by Subtitle I (§ 58.1-100 et seq.) and Chapter 26 (§ 58.1-2600 et seq.) of Title 58.1 of (i) an amount equal to ten percent of the deduction allowed to such corporation, individual or public service corporation under Section 179A of the Internal Revenue Code for purchases of clean-fuel vehicles principally garaged in Virginia or certain refueling property placed in service in Virginia or ten percent of the costs used to compute the credit under Section 30 of the Internal Revenue Code and (ii) an amount equal to twenty percent of the purchase or lease price paid during the taxable year for equipment certified by the Department of Environmental Quality for vehicle emissions testing, located within, or within any county, city or town adjacent to, any county, city or town wherein implementation of an enhanced vehicle emissions inspection program, as defined in § 46.2-1176, is required. Credits granted to a partnership or S corporation shall be passed through to the partners or shareholders, respectively. If the credit exceeds the tax liability in a year, the credit may be carried forward up to five succeeding years.
1993, c. 562; 1994, cc. 164, 875; 1995, c. 100; 1997, c. 350; 1998, c. 599.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-439.4. Day-care facility investment tax credit

A. For taxable years beginning on and after January 1, 1997, any taxpayer shall be allowed a credit against the taxes imposed by § 58.1-320 or 58.1-400 in an amount equal to 25 percent of all expenditures paid or incurred by such taxpayer in such taxable year for planning, site preparation, construction, renovation, or acquisition of facilities for the purpose of establishing a child day-care facility to be used primarily by the children of such taxpayer's employees, and equipment installed for permanent use within or immediately adjacent to such facility, including kitchen appliances, to the extent that such equipment or appliances are necessary in the use of such facility for purposes of child day-care; however, the amount of credit allowed to any taxpayer under this section shall not exceed $25,000. If two or more taxpayers share in the cost of establishing the child day-care facility for the children of their employees, each such taxpayer shall be allowed such credit in relation to the respective share paid or incurred by such taxpayer, of the total expenditures for the facility in such taxable year.
B. The credits provided under this section shall be allowed only if (i) the child day-care facility shall be operated under the authority of a license issued by the Superintendent of Public Instruction pursuant to § 22.1-289.011, (ii) an application for a building permit for the facility is made after July 1, 1996, and (iii) the Tax Commissioner approves a taxpayer's application for a credit. Proper applications submitted to the Department for the credit shall be approved in the order received. For each application approved for credit it shall be assumed that the amount of the credit will be $25,000, and the amount of the credit will be taken in the fiscal year in which the application is approved and the following two fiscal years. Approval of applications shall be limited to those that are assumed to result in no more than $100,000 of credits in any fiscal year based on the assumptions set forth in this subsection.
C. Any tax credit not usable for the taxable year may be carried over to the extent usable for the next three taxable years; however, the balance of a credit shall not be claimed for any succeeding taxable year in which the child day-care facility is operated for purposes of child day-care for less than six months.
D. For purposes of this section, the amount of any credit attributable to a partnership, electing small business corporation (S corporation), or limited liability company shall be allocated to the individual partners, shareholders, or members, respectively, in proportion to their ownership or interest in such business entities.
1996, c. 497; 2020, cc. 860, 861.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-439.9. Tax credit for certain employers hiring recipients of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families

A. As used in this section:
"Qualified business employer" means an employer whose business employed not more than 100 employees at the time that the employer first hired a qualified employee.
"Qualified employee" means an employee who is a Virginia resident and is a recipient of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 6 (§ 63.2-600 et seq.) of Title 63.2.
B. For taxable years beginning on and after January 1, 1999, a qualified business employer shall be allowed a credit against the taxes imposed by Articles 2 (§ 58.1-320 et seq.), 6 (§ 58.1-360 et seq.), and 10 (§ 58.1-400 et seq.) of Chapter 3 of this title in an amount equal to five percent of the annual salary actually paid during the taxable year to a qualified employee. However, the annual amount of the credit shall not exceed $750 per qualified employee. Qualified business employers entitled to the credit pursuant to this section shall provide written evidence, satisfactory to the Tax Commissioner, of employing such qualified employee for the taxable year in which the credit is claimed.
C. For purposes of this section, the amount of any credit attributable to a partnership, electing small business corporation (S corporation), or limited liability company shall be allocated to the individual partners, shareholders, or members, respectively, in proportion to their ownership or interest in such business entities.
D. Any credit not usable for the taxable year may be carried over for the next three taxable years. The amount of credit allowed pursuant to this section shall not exceed the tax imposed for such taxable year. No credit shall be carried back to a preceding taxable year. If a qualified business employer that is subject to the tax limitation imposed pursuant to this subsection is allowed another credit pursuant to any other section of this Code, or has a credit carryover from a preceding taxable year, such employer shall be considered to have first utilized any credit allowed which does not have a carryover provision, and then any credit which is carried forward from a preceding taxable year, prior to the utilization of any credit allowed pursuant to this section.
E. The amount of tax credits available under this section in any fiscal year shall not exceed the amount appropriated for such year as provided in the general appropriation act.
F. The State Board of Social Services shall promulgate regulations in accordance with the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.) establishing procedures for claiming the tax credit provided by this section.
1998, c. 486; 2002, c. 747.