reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 991 - Acts and statutes — effective date, numbering, citation and repeal. › 991.07 - Statutes of limitation.

991.07
Statutes of limitation.
In any case when a limitation or period of time prescribed in any act which is hereby repealed for the acquiring of any right or the barring of any remedy or for any other purpose shall have begun to run and a limitation or period of time for such purpose shall be prescribed in these revised statutes, the limitation or period prescribed by these statutes shall be held to apply only to such rights or remedies as shall accrue subsequently to the time when the same shall take effect; and the act repealed shall be held to continue in force and operative to determine all such limitations and periods of time, which shall have previously begun to run, unless in special cases in these revised statutes a different rule shall be prescribed.
Generally, legislation is presumptively prospective unless statutory language reveals an intent that the statute apply retroactively. Procedural or remedial, rather than substantive, statutes are generally given retroactive effect unless contracts would be impaired or vested rights disturbed. Statutes of limitations are substantive. Betthauser v. Medical Protective Co. 172 Wis. 2d 141, 493 N.W.2d 40 (1992).
When a statute of limitations is replaced or amended, a cause of action that has accrued prior to the effective date of the new statute or amendment is governed by the prior statute, unless the legislature specifies otherwise. A cause of action that has not accrued prior to the effective date of the new statute or amendment is governed by the new language, unless otherwise specified. State v. Hamilton, 2002 WI App 89, 253 Wis. 2d 805, 644 N.W.2d 243, 01-1014.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 991 - Acts and statutes — effective date, numbering, citation and repeal. › 991.08 - Statutes reenacted, how regarded.

991.08
Statutes reenacted, how regarded.
The provisions of these revised statutes, so far as they are the same in substance as those of existing laws, shall be construed as a continuation of such laws and not as new enactments, and references in laws not repealed to provisions of laws incorporated into these revised statutes and repealed shall be construed as applying to the same provisions so incorporated.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 991 - Acts and statutes — effective date, numbering, citation and repeal. › 991.09 - In force in cities and villages.

991.09
In force in cities and villages.
All the laws contained in these revised statutes shall apply to and be in force in each and every city and village in the state as far as the same are applicable and not inconsistent with the charter of any such city or village; but when the provisions of any such charters are at variance with the provisions of these revised statutes the provisions of such charters shall prevail unless a different intention be plainly manifested.
The enactment of ch. 70 did not supersede the Milwaukee charter that exempts property leased by the city from taxation. Milwaukee v. Shoup Voting Machine Corp. 54 Wis. 2d 549, 196 N.W.2d 694 (1971).
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 991 - Acts and statutes — effective date, numbering, citation and repeal. › 991.10 - Special acts, how affected.

991.10
Special acts, how affected.
None of the general provisions of these revised statutes shall be construed so as to affect or repeal the provisions of any special acts relating to particular counties, towns, cities or villages or the officers or offices thereof unless such special acts are enumerated in the acts hereby repealed.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 991 - Acts and statutes — effective date, numbering, citation and repeal. › 991.11 - Effective date of acts.

991.11
Effective date of acts.
Every act and every portion of an act enacted by the legislature over the governor's partial veto which does not expressly prescribe the time when it takes effect shall take effect on the day after its date of publication as prescribed in s. 35.095 (1) (b).
History:  1981 c. 372 s. 14; Stats. 1981 s. 991.11; 1983 a. 36; 2013 a. 5.
Although the act expressly prescribed an effective date 6 months after publication, certain provisions went into effect on the day after publication. Matter of Mental Condition of W.R.B. 140 Wis. 2d 347, 411 N.W.2d 142 (Ct. App. 1987).
Establishment of the effective date does not determine whether a statute will apply retroactively. Salzman v. DNR, 168 Wis. 2d 523, 484 N.W.2d 337 (Ct. App. 1992).
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 991 - Acts and statutes — effective date, numbering, citation and repeal. › 991.12 - Citation of statutes.

991.12
Citation of statutes.
The statutes designated since 1898 as “the statutes of 1898" and all additions thereto may be styled in any act of the legislature or proceeding in a court of justice, or wherever otherwise referred to, as “Wisconsin Statutes"; former statutes of this state may be referred to as the annotated statutes or as the revised statutes of 1878, 1858, or 1849.
History:  1981 c. 372 s. 15; Stats. 1981 s. 991.12.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 991 - Acts and statutes — effective date, numbering, citation and repeal. › 991.13 - Acts: denomination; citation.

991.13
Acts: denomination; citation.
(1)
Acts enacted during the 1983 biennial session of the legislature and thereafter are denominated “Wisconsin act" and identified by the year in which the biennial session began.
(2)
Acts enacted prior to the 1983 legislative session may be referred to as “chapter .... [consecutive number], laws of .... [year in which biennial session began]". Acts enacted during the 1983 session and thereafter may be referred to as “.... [year in which biennial session began] Wisconsin act .... [consecutive number]".
History:  1981 c. 372.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 992 - Curative acts. › 992.02 - Notarial acts validated.

992.02
Notarial acts validated.
Chapter 579, laws of 1911, entitled “An act to create section 175m of the statutes, validating instruments made to or by corporations acknowledged before notaries public who were stockholders, directors, officers or employees of the corporation, and validating other acts done by said notary," approved July 6, 1911, and published July 7, 1911, and s. 137.03, 1931 stats. (formerly numbered 175m) are repealed.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 992 - Curative acts. › 992.03 - Alleys.

992.03
Alleys.
All resolutions and proceedings for the alteration or vacation of public alleys in cities of the second, third or fourth class adopted, taken or had, prior to October 1, 1924, are validated, unless action was commenced or proceedings taken prior to October 15, 1925, to contest the validity thereof.
History:  1979 c. 89.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 992 - Curative acts. › 992.04 - Municipal refunding bonds.

992.04
Municipal refunding bonds.
Any bonds authorized prior to June 22, 1923, to be issued in accordance with the procedure provided by ch. 67 by any municipality defined in ch. 67 for the purpose of refunding bonds or other existing legal indebtedness of such municipality issued or outstanding previous to January 1, 1922, shall be legal, valid and binding to the same extent as if such municipality, at the time of authorizing such issue, still had the power formerly possessed by it to issue refunding bonds.
History:  1981 c. 390 s. 252.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 992 - Curative acts. › 992.05 - Conveyances by husbands to wives before March 23, 1895, legalized.

992.05
Conveyances by husbands to wives before March 23, 1895, legalized.
All conveyances made prior to March 23, 1895, in which a married man conveyed real property directly to his wife are declared to be legal and valid, and such conveyances and the records thereof shall have the same force and effect in all respects as is or may be provided by law in regard to conveyances in other cases.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 992 - Curative acts. › 992.07 - Corporations; defects cured.

992.07
Corporations; defects cured.
Every corporation organized under any general law for any of the purposes embraced in s. 180.0301 and existing September 1, 1898, shall continue in existence in the same manner and have the same powers as if lawfully organized under this chapter and be governed by these statutes; and every joint stock company organized under ch. 73, Revised Statutes of 1858, prior to the first day of January, 1875, shall be deemed legally organized and remain in existence and unaffected by the repeal thereof. Whenever articles of association have been filed since the enactment of the Revised Statutes of 1878, and prior to September 1, 1898, in the office of the secretary of state or the register of deeds for any of the purposes authorized by ch. 86, Revised Statutes of 1878, and an organization has been formed under said articles, such organization is hereby declared to be legal and the corporation to be duly organized.
History:  1989 a. 303.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 992 - Curative acts. › 992.08 - Evidence as to county lands; minors.

992.08
Evidence as to county lands; minors.
Whenever in any action it is material to any party to show that the title to any tract of land is vested in any county, under chapter 132 of the general laws of 1866, by having been bid in for such county for 5 successive years on sales for taxes and that the tract remains unredeemed, the statement of such sales made by the county treasurer, or the record of such statement in the book kept for that purpose in the treasurer's office, or the certificates of such sales executed by the treasurer to the county shall be prima facie evidence of the regularity of the tax proceedings from and including the valuation of any such tract of land up to and inclusive of the sale thereof and of the existence of all conditions precedent in any way affecting the validity of such sales, or requisite to make the title of such land absolutely vest in the county in which the same is situate. This section does not apply to any such lands if it appears that they were owned at the time of the sales by minors or individuals who were adjudicated incompetent or mentally ill or were under guardianship.
History:  1979 c. 110; 2005 a. 387.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 992 - Curative acts. › 992.10 - Validation of acquisition of property by department of health services.

992.10
Validation of acquisition of property by department of health services.
The acquisition of the property located at 1776-1818 North Commerce Street in Milwaukee in March 1983 by the department of health services, and its officers and employees, and the acts of any other state agency, including the state building commission and the department of administration, and their officers and employees, in effecting that acquisition, are hereby validated.
History:  1983 a. 16; 1995 a. 27 s. 9126 (19); 2007 a. 20 s. 9121 (6) (a).
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 992 - Curative acts. › 992.13 - School debts validated.

992.13
School debts validated.
(1)
Any debt incurred by any school district prior to May 17, 1923, for a lawful purpose and within the constitutional limitations, in pursuance of proceedings taken at a lawful meeting, is hereby declared the legal, valid, and binding obligation of such school district and refundable by loans from the state trust funds, notwithstanding the failure of such school district to conform to the statutes governing municipal borrowing and municipal loans.
(2)
Notes issued before August 3, 1961, by school districts under the authority of s. 67.12 (12) and without approval thereof by the electors of such school districts shall not be deemed invalid because of absence of such approval, and such notes are herewith declared to be valid and binding obligations of such school district if in all other respects issued in accordance with the law pertaining thereto.
(3)
Any bond or promissory note issued by a school district after August 8, 1989, and before September 4, 1991, without the approval of the electors of the school district at a referendum shall be legal, valid and binding, and the school board may spend the amount raised for the purpose stated in the authorizing resolution, notwithstanding the failure of the school board to obtain the approval of the electors at an annual or special meeting of the school district.
History:  1991 a. 49 ss. 8, 10, 11.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 992 - Curative acts. › 992.14 - Revenue limit agreement.

992.14
Revenue limit agreement.
Notwithstanding s. 121.91, if a school district held a referendum before February 5, 2001, to exceed its revenue limit under s. 121.91 (2m), and the resolution adopted by the school board and referred to in the question submitted to the electors specified a mill rate to be used to calculate the revenue limit increase, the amount by which the school district's revenue limit is increased as a result of the referendum for each year specified in the referendum is the dollar amount agreed to by the department of public instruction and the school board of that school district.
History:  2001 a. 16; 2009 a. 28.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 992 - Curative acts. › 992.17 - Validation of village debts and contracts.

992.17
Validation of village debts and contracts.
Any debt incurred by a village prior to March 1, 1973, in connection with or for the purpose of construction or modification of public works, is declared to be a legal, valid and binding debt of such village, and any contract entered into by a village prior to March 1, 1973, for construction or modification of public works is declared to be a binding contract on such village, notwithstanding the failure of any such village to conform to the statutes regarding bidding or referral of plans to the village plan commission prior to taking final action.
History:  1973 c. 97.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 992 - Curative acts. › 992.19 - Cooperative educational service agency debts validated.

992.19
Cooperative educational service agency debts validated.
Any long-term debt incurred by the board of control of a cooperative educational service agency prior to April 15, 1989, for the purpose of purchasing real property under s. 116.055 is declared to be a legal, valid and binding debt of the agency, notwithstanding the lack of authority of the agency to incur such debt.
History:  1989 a. 31.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 992 - Curative acts. › 992.20 - Agreements between units of government and Indian tribes or bands validated.

992.20
Agreements between units of government and Indian tribes or bands validated.
(1)
All contracts for the receipt or furnishing of services or the joint exercise of any power or duty required or authorized by law entered into by a municipality, as defined in s. 66.0301 (1) (a), and a federally recognized Indian tribe or band in this state before May 6, 1994, are validated.
(2)
Any agreement entered into before June 14, 1996, between a federally recognized American Indian tribe or band in this state and a county board and sheriff of a county that provides for the confinement of tribal prisoners in the county jail for any of the reasons specified in s. 302.446 (1) (a) to (c) is validated.
(3)
Any agreement entered into before June 14, 1996, between a federally recognized American Indian tribe or band in this state and a county board that provides for the confinement of tribal prisoners in the county jail for any of the reasons specified in s. 302.446 (1) (a) to (c) and that the sheriff of the county has not signed before June 14, 1996, is validated for the entire period specified in the agreement if the sheriff ratifies the agreement by signing an addendum to the agreement that indicates that the sheriff assents to the agreement.
History:  1993 a. 406; 1995 a. 379; 1999 a. 150 s. 672.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 992 - Curative acts. › 992.21 - Actions by division of savings and loan validated.

992.21
Actions by division of savings and loan validated.
Any action taken by the division of savings and loan between July 1, 1996, and October 29, 1999, under the name of the division of savings institutions has the same force and effect in all respects as if the action had been taken under the name of the division of savings and loan.
History:  1999 a. 9.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 992 - Curative acts. › 992.22 - Validation of actions; Green Lake County and Marquette County boundaries.

992.22
Validation of actions; Green Lake County and Marquette County boundaries.
Any action, proceeding, transaction, conveyance, or other matter which occurred before November 24, 2011, in Green Lake County or Marquette County, and related to or would have been impacted by the boundaries of these 2 counties, shall be considered to have occurred within the boundaries of Green Lake County or Marquette County as the boundaries of the 2 counties are described in s. 2.01 (24) and (39) on November 24, 2011.
History:  2011 a. 66.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 992 - Curative acts. › 992.23 - Validation of actions; county zoning.

992.23
Validation of actions; county zoning.
Any zoning ordinance enacted by a county under s. 59.69 before March 5, 2020, that applied to some towns in the county but not all towns in the county and that is in effect on March 5, 2020, is declared to be legal, valid, and binding.
History:  2019 a. 145; 2021 a. 240 s. 30.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 995 - Miscellaneous statutes. › 995.11 - Payments under the tobacco settlement agreement.

995.11
Payments under the tobacco settlement agreement.
(1)
In this section, “tobacco settlement agreement" means the Attorneys General Master Tobacco Settlement Agreement of November 23, 1998.
(2)
The state's participation in the tobacco settlement agreement is affirmed.
(3)
All payments received and to be received by the state under the tobacco settlement agreement are the property of the state, to be used as provided by law, including a sale, assignment, or transfer of the right to receive the payments under s. 16.63. No political subdivision of the state, and no officer or agent of any political subdivision of the state, shall have or seek to maintain any claim related to the tobacco settlement agreement or any claim against any party that was released from liability by the state under the tobacco settlement agreement.
History:  2001 a. 16; 2005 a. 155 s. 31; Stats. 2005 s. 995.11.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 995 - Miscellaneous statutes. › 995.20 - Legal holidays.

995.20
Legal holidays.
January 1, the 3rd Monday in January (which shall be the day of celebration for January 15), the 3rd Monday in February (which shall be the day of celebration for February 12 and 22), the last Monday in May (which shall be the day of celebration for May 30), June 19, which shall be the day of observation for Juneteenth Day, July 4, the 1st Monday in September which shall be known as Labor day, the 2nd Monday in October, November 11, the 4th Thursday in November (which shall be the day of celebration for Thanksgiving), December 25, the day of holding the partisan primary election, and the day of holding the general election in November are legal holidays. On Good Friday the period from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. shall uniformly be observed for the purpose of worship. In every 1st class city the day of holding any municipal election is a legal holiday, and in every such city the afternoon of each day upon which a primary election is held for the nomination of candidates for city offices is a half holiday and in counties having a population of 750,000 or more the county board may by ordinance provide that all county employees shall have a half holiday on the day of such primary election and a holiday on the day of such municipal election, and that employees whose duties require that they work on such days be given equivalent time off on other days. Whenever any legal holiday falls on Sunday, the succeeding Monday shall be the legal holiday.
History:  1971 c. 226; 1973 c. 140, 333; 1977 c. 187 s. 96; Stats. 1977 s. 757.17; 1983 a. 7; 1983 a. 192 s. 257; Stats. 1983 s. 895.20; 2005 a. 155 s. 33; Stats. 2005 s. 995.20; 2009 a. 91; 2011 a. 75; 2015 a. 198; 2017 a. 207 s. 5.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 995 - Miscellaneous statutes. › 995.22 - Wisconsin family month, week and Sunday.

995.22
Wisconsin family month, week and Sunday.
The month of November, in which the celebration of Thanksgiving occurs, is designated as Wisconsin Family Month, the first 7 days of that month are designated as Wisconsin Family Week and the first Sunday of that month is designated as Family Sunday. In conjunction therewith, appropriate observances, ceremonies, exercises and activities may be held under state auspices to focus attention on the principles of family responsibility to spouses, children and parents, as well as on the importance of the stability of marriage and the home for our future well-being; and the chief officials of local governments and the people of the state are invited either to join and participate therein or to conduct like observances in their respective localities.
History:  1973 c. 333; 1977 c. 187 s. 96; Stats. 1977 s. 757.171; 1983 a. 192 s. 258; Stats. 1983 s. 895.22; 1987 a. 27; 2005 a. 155 s. 34; Stats. 2005 s. 995.22.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 995 - Miscellaneous statutes. › 995.225 - Fire Prevention Week.

995.225
Fire Prevention Week.
(1)
The week in October during which October 9 falls is designated Fire Prevention Week and the Saturday at the end of Fire Prevention Week is designated Wisconsin Firefighters Memorial Day. In conjunction with the week, appropriate observances, ceremonies, exercises, and activities may be held under state auspices to do all of the following:
(a)
Commemorate 2 of the most devastating fires in U.S. history, both of which started on October 8, 1871, the Peshtigo fire and the Chicago fire.
(b)
Study fire safety tips to help avoid home fires.
(c)
Recognize that well-trained, dedicated, and well-equipped fire departments are important to all of the residents of this state.
(d)
Recognize that thousands of state firefighters, both full-time and volunteer, dedicate themselves to protecting lives and property.
(e)
Express the gratitude of the residents of this state for the valuable contributions that firefighters have made to the other residents of this state.
(f)
Honor those contributions and memorialize the firefighters of this state who have died while performing their duties.
(2)
The chief officials of local governments and the people of the state are invited either to join and participate in the observances, ceremonies, exercises, and activities under sub. (1) that may be held under state auspices or to conduct similar observances in their respective localities.
History:  2003 a. 56, 320; 2005 a. 155 s. 35; Stats. 2005 s. 995.225; 2011 a. 185.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 995 - Miscellaneous statutes. › 995.23 - Indian Rights Day.

995.23
Indian Rights Day.
July 4 is designated as “Indian Rights Day," and in conjunction with the celebration of Independence Day, appropriate exercises or celebrations may be held in commemoration of the granting by congress of home rule and a bill of rights to the American Indians. When July 4 falls on Sunday, exercises or celebrations of Indian Rights Day may be held on either the third or the fifth.
History:  1977 c. 187 s. 96; Stats. 1977 s. 757.175; 1983 a. 192 s. 259; Stats. 1983 s. 895.23; 2005 a. 155 s. 36; Stats. 2005 s. 995.23.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 995 - Miscellaneous statutes. › 995.24 - William D. Hoard Day.

995.24
William D. Hoard Day.
October 10 is designated as William D. Hoard Day. Appropriate exercises and celebrations may be held on that day, William D. Hoard's birthday, to honor him and remember him as the 16th governor of Wisconsin and the leading promoter of the dairy industry through his weekly magazine, Hoard's Dairyman.
History:  2009 a. 327; 2011 a. 260 s. 81.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 995 - Miscellaneous statutes. › 995.30 - Ronald W. Reagan Day.

995.30
Ronald W. Reagan Day.
February 6 is designated as Ronald W. Reagan Day. Appropriate exercises and celebrations may be held on that day, his birthday, to honor him and remember him as the 40th President of the United States and a promoter of freedom and democracy throughout the world.
History:  2011 a. 32.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 995 - Miscellaneous statutes. › 995.60 - Use of surveillance devices in connection with real estate sales.

995.60
Use of surveillance devices in connection with real estate sales.
(1)
Definitions. In this section:
(a)
“Real estate” means land and the improvements to the land.
(b)
“Record” means to take a photograph, to make a motion picture, videotape, audiotape, recording, or other visual or audio representation, or to record or store in any medium data that represents a visual image or sound recording.
(c)
“Representation” means a photograph, exposed film, motion picture, videotape, audiotape, recording, other visual or audio representation, or data that represents a visual image or audio recording.
(d)
“Surveillance device" means a camera, audio or video recorder, or any other device that may be used to observe, record, or transfer sounds or images.
(2)
Use of surveillance devices. Except as provided under sub. (3), an owner of real estate may use a surveillance device in or on the real estate to observe or record an individual who is present in or on the real estate for a private showing, open house, or other viewing of the real estate in connection with the owner's attempt to sell the real estate.
(3)
Prohibited uses.
(a)
An owner of real estate may not use a surveillance device under sub. (2) in a bathroom or washroom.
(b)
1.
Except as provided under subd. 2., an owner of real estate may not copy, sell, rent, broadcast, post, publish, distribute, disclose, transfer, or otherwise share a representation of an individual recorded with a surveillance device under sub. (2).
2.
An owner of real estate may provide a representation of an individual recorded with a surveillance device under sub. (2) pursuant to a court order or to the request of a law enforcement officer who is investigating possible criminal conduct.
(4)
Interpretation.
(a)
The use of a surveillance device by an owner of real estate in or on the real estate under this section does not constitute installing a surveillance device in a private place for purposes of s. 942.08 (2) (a).
(b)
An owner of real estate that records a representation of an individual with a surveillance device under this section does not capture a representation of the individual under circumstances in which the individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy for purposes of s. 942.09 (2) (am) 1.
(5)
Enforcement. An individual who violates sub. (3) (b) 1. may be required to forfeit not more than $500.
History:  2019 a. 72.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 995 - Miscellaneous statutes. › 995.67 - Domestic abuse services; prohibited disclosures.

995.67
Domestic abuse services; prohibited disclosures.
(1)
In this section:
(a)
“Domestic abuse" has the meaning given in s. 49.165 (1) (a).
(b)
“Domestic abuse services organization" means a nonprofit organization or a public agency that provides any of the following services for victims of domestic abuse:
1.
Shelter facilities or private home shelter care.
2.
Advocacy and counseling.
3.
A 24-hour telephone service.
(c)
“Service recipient" means any person who receives or has received domestic abuse services from a domestic abuse services organization.
(2)
(a)
No employee or agent of a domestic abuse services organization who provides domestic abuse services to a service recipient may intentionally disclose to any person the location of any of the following persons without the informed, written consent of the service recipient:
1.
The service recipient.
2.
Any minor child of the service recipient.
3.
Any minor child in the care or custody of the service recipient.
4.
Any minor child who accompanies the service recipient when the service recipient receives domestic abuse services.
(b)
Any person who violates this subsection may be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned for not more than 30 days or both.
History:  1991 a. 228; 2005 a. 155 s. 61; Stats. 2005 s. 995.67; 2007 a. 20.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-101 - Provisions to Be Liberally Construed.

1-1-101. Provisions to be liberally construed.
The Code of Civil Procedure and all proceedings under it shall be liberally construed to promote its object and assist the parties in obtaining justice. The rule of common law that statutes in derogation thereof must be strictly construed has no application to the Code of Civil Procedure, but this shall not be so construed as to require a liberal construction of provisions affecting personal liberty, relating to amercement or of a penal nature.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-102 - Minors as Parties to Actions.

1-1-102. Minors as parties to actions.
Every person over fourteen (14) years of age and under the age of majority, when subject to no disability other than being a minor, may sue or be sued. When plaintiff he shall sue by a next friend selected by him before suit is commenced. The next friend is liable for the cost chargeable to the plaintiff. When the minor is sued he shall appear by guardian nominated by him and appointed by the court before further proceedings are had in the case, but judgment shall be against the minor defendant only. In either case, if plaintiff or defendant neglects or refuses to nominate a next friend or guardian, the court shall appoint a next friend or guardian, who shall file his consent in writing, with the court.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-104 - Sureties; Justification.

1-1-104. Sureties; justification.
A court or an officer authorized by law to approve a surety may require such person to testify orally or in writing touching his sufficiency, but this in itself shall not exonerate the officer in an action for taking insufficient surety.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-105 - Sureties; Qualifications.

1-1-105. Sureties; qualifications.
Sureties shall be residents of this state, worth in the aggregate double the sum to be secured, beyond the amount of their debts, and have property liable to execution in this state equal to the sum to be secured. Every person acting as surety for another shall file with the court his affidavit showing that he meets the requirements set forth herein.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-106 - Compensation of Cross Demands.

1-1-106. Compensation of cross demands.
When cross demands exist between persons under circumstances that if one brought an action against the other, a counterclaim or setoff could be set up, neither can be deprived of the benefit thereof by assignment by the other, or by his death, but the two (2) demands will be deemed compensated so far as they equal each other.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-107 - Furnishing of Transcripts.

1-1-107. Furnishing of transcripts.
Upon request and receipt of the lawful fees required, judges of judicial tribunals and the clerks of every court of record, shall furnish to any person an authenticated transcript of proceedings containing the judgment or final order in their court.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-108 - Voluntary Partial Payment of Liability Claims.

1-1-108. Voluntary partial payment of liability claims.
No voluntary partial payment of a claim based on alleged liability for injury or property damage shall be construed as an admission of fault or liability, or as a waiver or release of claim by the person receiving payment. Such payment is not admissible as evidence in any action for the purpose of determining the amount of any judgment, with respect to the parties to the occurrence from which the claim arose. Upon settlement of the claim, the parties may make any agreement they desire in respect to all voluntary partial payments. After entry of judgment, any such payment shall be treated as a credit and deducted from the amount of the judgment. If after partial voluntary payments are made it is determined by final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction that the payor is liable for an amount less than the voluntary payments already made, the payor has no right of action for the recovery of amounts by which the voluntary payments exceed the final judgment. No voluntary partial payments shall be construed to reduce the amount of damages which may be pleaded and proved in a court proceeding between the parties.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-115 - Civil Liability for Unpaid Checks.

1-1-115. Civil liability for unpaid checks.
(a) Any person who issues a check which is not paid because the check has been dishonored for any reason has thirty (30) days following the date of a written demand mailed to the drawer of the check by United States postal service certificate of mailing at the address shown on the check or his last known address or personally served pursuant to the Wyoming Rules of Civil Procedure, to pay to the holder of the check the amount of the check and a collection fee not to exceed thirty dollars ($30.00). The demand shall state that the drawer is required to pay the value of the check and the collection fee demanded and shall state the collection fee provided for in this section.
(b) Any person who fails to pay the amount of the check and the collection fee as set forth in subsection (a) of this section within thirty (30) days following the date of a written demand, mailed to or served on the drawer in accordance with subsection (a) of this section, is liable to the holder of the check for three (3) times the amount of the check, but in no case less than one hundred dollars ($100.00), a collection fee of thirty dollars ($30.00), and court costs.
(c) In extraordinary cases, including cases in which the court determines that the party who wrote the check has raised dilatory or bad faith defenses, the court may award the prevailing party reasonable attorney fees.
(d) Nothing in this section shall prevent the criminal prosecution of the person who issues the check. However, any payment made by the defendant to a victim pursuant to an order for restitution entered in a criminal case pursuant to W.S. 7-9-101 through 7-9-112 or 6-3-704(b), shall be set off against any judgment in favor of the victim in a civil action brought under this section arising out of the same facts or event.
(e) A cause of action under this section may be brought in small claims court, if the amount of the demand does not exceed the jurisdiction of that court, or in any other appropriate court.
(f) As used in this section, "check," "drawee," "drawer" and "issue" have the same meaning as defined in W.S. 6-3-701.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-116 - Civil Liability for Theft of Services.

1-1-116. Civil liability for theft of services.
(a) Notwithstanding any criminal penalties which may apply, an owner or operator of a franchised or otherwise duly licensed provider of services may bring a civil action to enjoin or restrain any violation of W.S. 6-3-402 when the violation involves theft of services and may in the same action seek damages from the person violating W.S. 6-3-402.
(b) In order to maintain an action for injunctive relief under this section, it is not necessary for the plaintiff to show actual damages or the threat of actual damages.
(c) As used in this section, "services" has the same meaning as specified in W.S. 6-3-401(a)(v).
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-117 - Affidavits of Noninvolvement.

1-1-117. Affidavits of noninvolvement.
(a) In any action, whether in tort, contract or otherwise, in which the plaintiff seeks damages, a party may, in lieu of answering or otherwise pleading, file an affidavit certifying that he was not directly or indirectly involved in the occurrence or occurrences alleged in the action. If an affidavit is filed, the court shall order the dismissal of the claim against the certifying party, except as provided for in subsection (b) of this section. The affidavit shall be filed within the time required for filing an answer, if no answer is filed; and, in any event, at least twenty (20) days prior to trial. Any order of dismissal based on the affidavit shall not be entered within ten (10) days after the affidavit is filed.
(b) Any party may oppose the dismissal or move to vacate the order of dismissal and reinstate the certifying party, provided he can show that the certifying party was directly or indirectly involved in the occurrence or occurrences alleged in the action. After the filing of an affidavit under this section, the party opposing the dismissal may have discovery with respect to the involvement or noninvolvement of the party filing the affidavit, provided the discovery is completed within sixty (60) days of the filing of the affidavit.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-118 - Amateur Rodeos; Liability for Injuries; Consent to Participate.

1-1-118. Amateur rodeos; liability for injuries; consent to participate.
(a) No public school or nonprofit organization sponsoring an amateur rodeo is liable for injuries suffered by a contestant as a result of his voluntary participation in a rodeo event except for injuries caused by the willful, wanton or reckless act of the sponsoring organization or its employees.
(b) A minor shall be deemed to be a voluntary participant for purposes of this section if he has signed a written consent to participate in the rodeo event and the consent is also signed by one (1) of the minor's parents or by his legal guardian.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-119 - Release or Covenant Not to Sue.

1-1-119. Release or covenant not to sue.
When a release or a covenant not to sue or not to enforce judgment is given in good faith to one (1) of two (2) or more persons liable in tort for the same injury or the same wrongful death, it does not discharge any of the other tortfeasors from liability for the injury or wrongful death unless its terms so provide.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-120 - Persons Rendering Emergency Assistance Exempt From Civil Liability.

1-1-120. Persons rendering emergency assistance exempt from civil liability.
(a) Any person licensed as a physician and surgeon under the laws of the state of Wyoming, or any other person, who in good faith renders emergency care or assistance without compensation at the place of an emergency or accident, is not liable for any civil damages for acts or omissions in good faith.
(b) Persons or organizations operating volunteer ambulances or rescue vehicles supported by public or private funds, staffed by unpaid volunteers, and which make no charge, or charge an incidental service or user fee, for services rendered during medical emergencies, and the unpaid volunteers who staff ambulances and rescue vehicles are not liable for any civil damages for acts or omissions in good faith in furnishing emergency medical services. This immunity does not apply to acts or omissions constituting gross negligence or willful or wanton misconduct. For purposes of this section, "unpaid volunteers" means persons who either receive incidental remuneration on a per call basis or receive no more than one thousand dollars ($1,000.00) annually for volunteer ambulance and rescue activities. The immunity provided by this subsection shall extend to a physician while serving in his capacity as medical director of any ambulance service, to hospitals and hospital employees for activities directly related to providing clinical training as part of an emergency medical service class approved by the department of health, and to students while participating in emergency medical services training approved by the department of health. If an unpaid volunteer's, medical director's, hospital's or trainee's acts or omissions are subject to the provisions of the Wyoming Governmental Claims Act, immunity under this section is waived to the extent of the maximum liability provided under W.S. 1-39-118.
(c) Any person who provides assistance or advice without compensation other than reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses in mitigating or attempting to mitigate the effects of an actual or threatened discharge of hazardous materials, or in preventing, cleaning up or disposing of or in attempting to prevent, clean up or dispose of any discharge of hazardous materials, is not liable for any civil damages for acts or omissions in good faith in providing the assistance or advice. This immunity does not apply to acts or omissions constituting gross negligence or willful or wanton misconduct. As used in this subsection:
(i) "Discharge" includes leakage, seepage or other release;
(ii) "Hazardous materials" includes all materials and substances which are now or hereafter designated or defined as hazardous by any state or federal law or by the regulations of any state or federal government agency.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-122 - Definitions.

1-1-122. Definitions.
(a) As used in this act:
(i) "Inherent risk" with regard to any sport or recreational opportunity means those dangers or conditions which are characteristic of, intrinsic to, or an integral part of any sport or recreational opportunity;
(ii) "Provider" means any person or governmental entity which for profit or otherwise, offers or conducts a sport or recreational opportunity or regulates an interscholastic sport or recreational opportunity. This act does not apply to a cause of action based upon the design or manufacture of sport or recreational equipment or products or safety equipment used incidental to or required by the sport or recreational opportunity;
(iii) "Sport or recreational opportunity" means commonly understood sporting activities including baseball, softball, football, soccer, basketball, swimming, hockey, wrestling, cheerleading, rodeo, dude ranching, nordic or alpine skiing and other alpine sports, snowboarding, mountain climbing, outdoor education programs, river floating, hunting, fishing, backcountry trips, horseback riding and any other equine activity, snowmobiling and similar recreational opportunities and includes the use of private lands for vehicle parking and land access related to the sport or recreational opportunity. "Sport or recreational opportunity" does not include skiing in a ski area as defined by the Ski Safety Act;
(iv) "Equine activity" means:
(A) Equine shows, fairs, competitions, performances or parades that involve any or all breeds of equines;
(B) Any of the equine disciplines;
(C) Equine training or teaching activities, or both;
(D) Boarding equines;
(E) Riding, inspecting or evaluating an equine belonging to another, whether or not the owner has received some monetary consideration or other thing of value for the use of the equine or is permitting a prospective purchaser of the equine to ride, inspect or evaluate the equine;
(F) Rides, trips, hunts or other equine activities of any type however informal or impromptu;
(G) Day use rental riding, riding associated with a dude ranch or riding associated with outfitted pack trips; and
(H) Placing or replacing horseshoes on an equine.
(v) Repealed By Laws 1996, ch. 78, 2.
(vi) "This act" means W.S. 1-1-121 through 1-1-123.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-123 - Assumption of Risk.

1-1-123. Assumption of risk.
(a) Any person who takes part in any sport or recreational opportunity assumes the inherent risks in that sport or recreational opportunity, whether those risks are known or unknown, and is legally responsible for any and all damage, injury or death to himself or other persons or property that results from the inherent risks in that sport or recreational opportunity.
(b) A provider of any sport or recreational opportunity is not required to eliminate, alter or control the inherent risks within the particular sport or recreational opportunity.
(c) Actions based upon negligence of the provider wherein the damage, injury or death is not the result of an inherent risk of the sport or recreational opportunity shall be preserved pursuant to W.S. 1-1-109.
(d) The assumption of risk provisions in subsections (a) through (c) of this section apply irrespective of the age of the person assuming the risk.
(e) This act shall not apply to skiing in a ski area as defined by the Ski Safety Act.