reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-123.2 - Definitions.

1-1-123.2. Definitions.
(a) As used in this act:
(i) "Freestyle terrain" includes terrain parks and terrain features such as jumps, rails, half pipes and other constructed and natural features found in terrain parks;
(ii) "Inherent risk" with regard to skiing in a ski area means those dangers or conditions which are part of the sport of skiing, including:
(A) Changing weather conditions;
(B) Falling or surface snow conditions, whether natural or man-made, as they exist or change;
(C) Surface or subsurface conditions including bare spots, forest growth, rocks, stumps, streambeds, cliffs, extreme terrain, trees or other natural objects;
(D) Collisions or impacts with natural objects such as the objects specified in subparagraph (C) of this paragraph including encounters with wildlife;
(E) Impact with ski lift towers, signs, posts, fences or enclosures, hydrants, water pipes or other man-made structures and their components subject to W.S. 1-1-123.3(k);
(F) Variations in steepness or terrain, whether natural or as a result of ski trail or feature design, or snowmaking or grooming operations such as roads, freestyle terrain, jumps and catwalks or other terrain modifications; and
(G) Collisions with other skiers.
(iii) "Ski area" means the ski trails and other places within the boundary of a ski area under the control of a ski area operator and administered as a single enterprise within the state;
(iv) "Ski area operator" means a person having the responsibility for the operations of a ski area and the owners, partners and members, managers, employees, agents, volunteers, board members, representatives, affiliates and assigns of the person. "Ski area operator" includes an agency of the state or a political subdivision thereof;
(v) "Ski area vehicle" means a vehicle used in the operation and maintenance of a ski area which is owned by or under the direction and control of the ski area operator such as a snowmobile, all-terrain vehicle, snow grooming vehicle, sled and other similar vehicle;
(vi) "Ski lift" means a chairlift, gondola, tramway, cable car or other aerial lift and any rope tow, conveyor, t-bar, j-bar, handle tow or other surface lift used by a ski area operator to transport skiers;
(vii) "Ski trail" means a trail, slope, run, freestyle terrain, competition terrain, tree skiing area, tubing park area or other area at or near a ski area designated by the ski area operator to be used by skiers for the purpose of skiing;
(viii) "Skier" means a person who is using a ski area for the purpose of skiing;
(ix) "Skiing" includes sliding downhill or jumping on snow or ice on skis or a toboggan, sled, tube, snowbike, snowboard or other device;
(x) "This act" means W.S. 1-1-123.1 through 1-1-123.5.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-123.4 - Assumption of Risks; Limitations on Actions.

1-1-123.4. Assumption of risks; limitations on actions.
(a) A skier expressly accepts and assumes the inherent risks of skiing and is legally responsible for damage, injury or death to himself or other persons or property that results from the inherent risks in skiing.
(b) A skier may not make any claim against or recover from any ski area operator for injury resulting from any inherent risk of skiing.
(c) A skier is not precluded under this act from suing another skier for any damage, injury or death to person or property that results from the other skiers' acts or omissions. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the risk of collision with other skiers is not an inherent risk nor a risk assumed by a skier in an action by a skier against another skier.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-123.5 - Negligence; Civil Actions.

1-1-123.5. Negligence; civil actions.
(a) A violation by any person or ski area operator of any provision of this act shall, to the extent the violation causes damage, injury or death to person or property, constitute evidence of negligence on the part of the person or ski area operator violating this act.
(b) Actions based upon negligence of a person or ski area operator wherein the damage, injury or death is not the result of an inherent risk of skiing shall be preserved pursuant to W.S. 1-1-109.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-124 - Pretrial Screening.

1-1-124. Pretrial screening.
(a) The supreme court may promulgate rules to provide a screening procedure to expedite the prelitigation resolution of claims arising from any alleged act, error or omission in the rendering of licensed or certified professional or health care services.
(b) The screening procedure authorized by this section shall be designed to reduce the burden of malpractice cases on the state judicial system and to encourage the prompt resolution of nonmeritorious claims. The expedited procedure may include the creation of professional review panels to review claims and to determine:
(i) Whether there is substantial evidence that the acts complained of occurred, constituted malpractice and resulted in injury to the claimant; and
(ii) A recommended award if requested by the parties.
(c) The supreme court shall annually report to the joint judiciary interim committee the costs of operating the expedited screening procedure and shall submit a recommendation for the proration and assessment of costs among the professions subject to the pretrial screening procedure.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-125 - Immunity for Volunteers; Volunteer Firefighters; Search and Rescue.

1-1-125. Immunity for volunteers; volunteer firefighters; search and rescue.
(a) As used in this section:
(i) "Compensation" does not include actual and necessary expenses that are incurred by a volunteer in connection with the services that the volunteer performs for a nonprofit organization and that are reimbursed to the volunteer or otherwise paid nor does it include any incidental personal privileges received by volunteers for their services;
(ii) "Nonprofit organization" means those nonprofit organizations exempt from federal income tax pursuant to section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code;
(iii) "Volunteer" means:
(A) An officer, director, trustee or other person who performs services for a nonprofit organization but does not receive compensation, either directly or indirectly, for those services;
(B) A volunteer firefighter who performs services for a volunteer fire department under W.S. 35-9-616(a)(ix) whether or not the firefighter receives compensation or a pension;
(C) An individual engaged in search and rescue operations under a county sheriff's coordination pursuant to W.S. 18-3-609(a)(iii) or supervision pursuant to W.S. 19-16-101 whether or not the individual receives compensation.
(b) Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a volunteer who provides services or performs duties on behalf of a nonprofit organization, a volunteer fire department or a sheriff as part of a search and rescue operation is personally immune from civil liability for any act or omission resulting in damage or injury if at the time of the act or omission:
(i) The person was acting within the scope of his duties as a volunteer for the nonprofit organization, volunteer fire department or a sheriff as part of a search and rescue operation; and
(ii) The act or omission did not constitute willful or wanton misconduct or gross negligence.
(c) This section does not grant immunity to any person causing damage as a result of the negligent operation of a motor vehicle.
(d) In any suit against a nonprofit organization, a volunteer fire department or a sheriff as part of a search and rescue operation for civil damages based upon the negligent act or omission of a volunteer, proof of the act or omission shall be sufficient to establish the responsibility of the organization, department or sheriff under the doctrine of respondeat superior, notwithstanding the immunity granted to the volunteer with respect to any act or omission included under subsection (b) of this section.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-126 - Civil Liability for Stalking.

1-1-126. Civil liability for stalking.
(a) A person who is the victim of stalking as defined by W.S. 6-2-506 may maintain a civil action against an individual who engages in a course of conduct that is prohibited under W.S. 6-2-506 for damages incurred by the victim as a result of that conduct. The aggrieved party may also seek and be awarded exemplary damages, reasonable attorney's fees and costs of the action.
(b) A civil action may be maintained under this section whether or not the individual who is alleged to have engaged in a course of conduct prohibited under W.S. 6-2-506 has been charged or convicted under W.S. 6-2-506 for the alleged crime.
(c) Neither the pendency nor the termination of a civil action under this section shall prevent the criminal prosecution of a person who violates W.S. 6-2-506.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-127 - Civil Liability for Shoplifting.

1-1-127. Civil liability for shoplifting.
(a) A person over ten (10) years of age who violates W.S. 6-3-402 with regard to property offered for sale by a wholesale or retail store is civilly liable to the merchant of the property in an amount consisting of:
(i) Return of the property in original condition or actual damages equal to the full marked or listed price of the property; plus
(ii) A civil liability of twice the amount of the full marked or listed price of the property but not less than fifty dollars ($50.00) nor more than one thousand dollars ($1,000.00); plus
(iii) Reasonable attorney's fees and court costs.
(b) If an unemancipated minor violates W.S. 6-3-402 with regard to property offered for sale by a wholesale or retail store, the parents or guardian of the child shall be civilly liable as provided by subsection (a) of this section, provided liability under this subsection shall not apply to foster parents, to parents whose parental custody and control of the child have been terminated by court order prior to the violation or to any governmental or private agency that has been appointed guardian for the minor child pursuant to court order or action of the department of family services. Civil liability under this subsection is not subject to the limitation on liability provided by W.S. 14-2-203 or any other law that limits the liability of parents for damages caused by an unemancipated minor.
(c) A conviction or a plea of guilty to a violation of W.S. 6-3-402 with regard to property offered for sale by a wholesale or retail store is not a prerequisite to the bringing of a civil suit under this section.
(d) An action to recover damages and any civil liability under this section may be brought in small claims court if the total amount of the demand for damages and any civil liability does not exceed the jurisdiction of that court, or in any other appropriate court.
(e) In order to recover damages and any civil liability under this act, the merchant of the property shall also notify law enforcement officials.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-128 - Civil Liability for Theft of Identity.

1-1-128. Civil liability for theft of identity.
(a) A person who is the victim of theft of identity as defined by W.S. 6-3-901 may maintain a civil action to enjoin or restrain any violation of W.S. 6-3-901 and may in the same action seek damages from the person violating W.S. 6-3-901. In order to maintain an action for injunctive relief under this section, it is not necessary for the plaintiff to show actual damages or the threat of actual damages. A prevailing party in an action under this section may recover court costs and reasonable attorney fees.
(b) A conviction or plea of guilty is not a prerequisite to the bringing of a civil action under this section.
(c) A cause of action for theft of identity is not deemed to have accrued until the wrongdoer is discovered.
(d) Nothing in this section shall prevent the criminal prosecution of a person for theft of identity. However, any payment made by the defendant to a victim pursuant to an order for restitution entered in a criminal case pursuant to W.S. 6-3-901 and 7-9-101 through 7-9-115, shall be set off against any judgment in favor of the victim in a civil action brought under this section arising out of the same facts or event.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-130 - Actions Against Health Care Providers; Admissibility of Evidence.

1-1-130. Actions against health care providers; admissibility of evidence.
(a) In any civil action or arbitration brought by an alleged victim of an unanticipated outcome of medical care against a health care provider, any and all statements, affirmations, gestures or conduct expressing apology, sympathy, commiseration, condolence, compassion or a general sense of benevolence that are made by a health care provider or an employee of a health care provider to the alleged victim, or to a relative or representative of the alleged victim, and that relate to the discomfort, pain, suffering, injury or death of the alleged victim as the result of the unanticipated outcome of medical care, are inadmissible as evidence of an admission of liability or as evidence of an admission against interest.
(b) For purposes of this section:
(i) "Health care provider" means a person who is licensed, certified or otherwise authorized or permitted by the laws of this state to administer health care in the ordinary course of business or practice of a profession;
(ii) "Relative" means a spouse, parent, grandparent, stepfather, stepmother, child, grandchild, brother, sister, half brother, half sister or parent of a spouse, and includes those relationships established by adoption;
(iii) "Representative" means a legal guardian, attorney, person designated to make decisions on behalf of a patient under a medical power of attorney or any person recognized in law or custom as a patient's agent;
(iv) "Unanticipated outcome" means the result of a medical treatment or procedure that differs from an expected result.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-132 - Definitions.

1-1-132. Definitions.
(a) As used in this act:
(i) "Asbestos claim" means any claim, wherever or whenever made, for damages, losses, indemnification, contribution or other relief arising out of, based on or in any way related to asbestos, including:
(A) The health effects of exposure to asbestos, including a claim for personal injury or death, mental or emotional injury, risk of disease or other injury, or the costs of medical monitoring or surveillance;
(B) Any claim made by or on behalf of any person exposed to asbestos, or a representative, spouse, parent, child or other relative of the person; and
(C) Any claim for damage or loss caused by the installation, presence or removal of asbestos.
(ii) "Corporation" means a corporation for profit, including a domestic corporation organized under the laws of this state or a foreign corporation organized under laws other than the laws of this state;
(iii) "Successor" means a corporation that assumes or incurs or has assumed or incurred successor asbestos-related liabilities that is a successor and became a successor before May 13, 1968, or is any of that successor corporation's successors;
(iv) "Successor asbestos-related liabilities" means any liability, whether known or unknown, asserted or unasserted, absolute or contingent, accrued or unaccrued, liquidated or unliquidated or due or to become due, which is related to asbestos claims and was assumed or incurred by a corporation as a result of or in connection with a merger or consolidation or the plan of merger or consolidation related to the merger or consolidation with or into another corporation, or that is related in any way to asbestos claims based on the exercise of control or the ownership of stock of the corporation before the merger or consolidation. The term includes liabilities that, after the time of the merger or consolidation for which the fair market value of total gross assets is determined under W.S. 1-1-135, were or are paid or otherwise discharged, or committed to be paid or otherwise discharged, by or on behalf of the corporation or by a successor of the corporation or by or on behalf of a transferor, in connection with settlements, judgments or other discharges in this state or another jurisdiction;
(v) "Transferor" means a corporation from which successor asbestos-related liabilities are or were assumed or incurred.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-133 - Applicability.

1-1-133. Applicability.
(a) The limitations in W.S. 1-1-134 shall apply to any successor corporation.
(b) The limitations of W.S. 1-1-134 shall not apply to:
(i) Workers' compensation benefits paid by or on behalf of an employer to an employee under the provisions of Wyoming statutes, title 27, chapter 14 or a comparable workers' compensation law of another jurisdiction;
(ii) Any claim against a corporation that does not constitute a successor asbestos-related liability;
(iii) Any obligation under the National Labor Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. Section 151, et seq., as amended, or under any collective bargaining agreement;
(iv) A successor that, after a merger or consolidation, continued in the business of mining asbestos or in the business of selling or distributing asbestos fibers or in the business of manufacturing, distributing, removing or installing asbestos-containing products; or
(v) Any claim against a corporation that was filed in a court of competent jurisdiction prior to the effective date of this act.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-134 - Limitations on Successor Asbestos-Related Liabilities.

1-1-134. Limitations on successor asbestos-related liabilities.
(a) Except as further limited in subsection (b) of this section, the cumulative successor asbestos-related liabilities of a successor corporation are limited to the fair market value of the total gross assets of the transferor determined as of the time of the merger or consolidation. The successor corporation shall not have responsibility for successor asbestos-related liabilities in excess of this limitation.
(b) If the transferor had assumed or incurred successor asbestos-related liabilities in connection with a prior merger or consolidation with a prior transferor, then the fair market value of the total assets of the prior transferor determined as of the time of the earlier merger or consolidation shall be substituted for the limitation set forth in subsection (a) of this section for purposes of determining the limitation of liability of a successor corporation.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-135 - Establishing Fair Market Value of Total Assets.

1-1-135. Establishing fair market value of total assets.
(a) A successor corporation may establish the fair market value of total gross assets for the purpose of the limitations under W.S. 1-1-134 through any method reasonable under the circumstances, including:
(i) By reference to the going concern value of the assets or to the purchase price attributable to or paid for the assets in an arms-length transaction; or
(ii) In the absence of other readily available information from which the fair market value can be determined, by reference to the value of the assets recorded on a balance sheet.
(b) Total gross assets include intangible assets.
(c) To the extent total gross assets include any liability insurance that was issued to the transferor whose assets are being valued for purposes of this section the applicability, terms, conditions and limits of such insurance shall not be affected by this section, nor shall this section otherwise affect the rights and obligations of an insurer, transferor or successor under any insurance contract or any related agreements, including, without limitation, preenactment settlements resolving coverage-related disputes, and the rights of an insurer to seek payment for applicable deductibles, retrospective premiums or self-insured retentions or to seek contribution from a successor for uninsured or self-insured periods or periods where insurance is uncollectible or otherwise unavailable. Without limiting the foregoing, to the extent total gross assets include any such liability insurance, a settlement of a dispute concerning any such liability insurance coverage entered into by a transferor or successor with the insurers of the transferor before July 1, 2011 shall be determinative of the total coverage of such liability insurance to be included in the calculation of the transferor's total gross assets.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-136 - Adjustment.

1-1-136. Adjustment.
(a) Except as provided in subsections (b) through (d) of this section, the fair market value of total gross assets at the time of the merger or consolidation shall increase annually at a rate equal to the sum of:
(i) The prime rate as listed in the first edition of the Wall Street Journal published for each calendar year since the merger or consolidation, unless the prime rate is not published in that edition of the Wall Street Journal, in which case any reasonable determination of the prime rate on the first day of the year may be used; and
(ii) One percent (1%).
(b) The rate found in subsection (a) of this section shall not be compounded.
(c) The adjustment of the fair market value of total gross assets shall continue as provided in subsection (a) of this section until the date the adjusted value is first exceeded by the cumulative amounts of successor asbestos-related liabilities paid or committed to be paid by or on behalf of the successor corporation or a predecessor or by or on behalf of a transferor after the time of the merger or consolidation for which the fair market value of total gross assets is determined.
(d) No adjustment of the fair market value of total gross assets shall be applied to any liability insurance that may be included in the definition of total gross assets by W.S. 1-1-135(c).
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-137 - Scope of Act.

1-1-137. Scope of act.
(a) The courts of this state shall construe the provisions of this act liberally with regard to successors.
(b) This act shall apply to all asbestos claims filed against a successor on or after July 1, 2011.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-138 - Donation of Emergency Responder Equipment; Exemption From Civil and Criminal Liability; Definitions; Relation to Other Law.

1-1-138. Donation of emergency responder equipment; exemption from civil and criminal liability; definitions; relation to other law.
(a) Any person who donates surplus emergency response equipment to any emergency responder shall not be liable for damages in any civil action or subject to prosecution in any criminal proceeding resulting from the nature, age, condition or packaging of such equipment; except that this exemption shall not apply to the grossly negligent, willful, wanton or reckless acts of donors.
(b) As used in this section:
(i) "Emergency responder" means as provided in W.S. 35-9-152(a)(i);
(ii) "Emergency response equipment" means all equipment designed for or typically used in the course of performing the duties required of an emergency responder.
(c) Should any grant of immunity, exception or imposition of liability within the Wyoming Governmental Claims Act, W.S. 1-39-101 through 1-39-120, conflict with any provision of this section, the Wyoming Governmental Claims Act shall prevail.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-139 - Civil Liability for Female Genital Mutilation.

1-1-139. Civil liability for female genital mutilation.
(a) A person who is the victim of female genital mutilation as defined by W.S. 6-1-104(a)(xvii) may maintain a civil action against an individual who engages in conduct that is prohibited under W.S. 6-2-502(a)(v) for damages incurred by the victim as a result of that conduct. The victim may also be awarded exemplary damages, reasonable attorney's fees, costs of the action and any other appropriate relief. A victim of female genital mutilation may bring a civil action under this section at any time within ten (10) years of:
(i) The procedure being performed; or
(ii) The victim's eighteenth birthday.
(b) A civil action may be maintained under this section whether or not the individual who is alleged to have engaged in conduct prohibited under W.S. 6-2-502(a)(v) has been charged or convicted under W.S. 6-2-502(a)(v) for the alleged crime.
(c) Neither the pendency nor the termination of a civil action under this section shall prevent the criminal prosecution of a person who violates W.S. 6-2-502(a)(v).
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-140 - Public Utility Exemption From Civil Liability; Catastrophes Caused by an Act of God.

1-1-140. Public utility exemption from civil liability; catastrophes caused by an act of God.
(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, a public utility is not liable for damages to real or personal property or damages for claims resulting from economic losses in any civil action against the public utility for a catastrophe caused by an act of God.
(b) Subsection (a) of this section shall not apply to damages if a negligent, willful, wanton or reckless act of the public utility was a proximate cause of the catastrophe.
(c) As used in this section:
(i) "Economic losses" includes damages caused by a failure to provide an adequate supply of gas, electricity, water, solid or liquid waste collection or disposal, heating and ground transportation;
(ii) "Municipality" means as defined in W.S. 37-1-101(a)(iii);
(iii) "Public utility" means as defined in W.S. 37-1-101(a)(vi), excluding the state or a municipality.
(d) Should any grant of immunity, exception or imposition of liability within the Wyoming Governmental Claims Act, W.S. 1-39-101 through 1-39-120, conflict with any provision of this section, the Wyoming Governmental Claims Act shall prevail.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 1 - General Provisions as to Civil Actions › Section 1-1-141 - Covid-19 Exposure and Illness; Assumption of the Risk.

1-1-141. COVID-19 exposure and illness; assumption of the risk.
(a) As used in this section:
(i) "Claimant" means any person or estate of a person seeking recovery of damages in a COVID-19 liability claim;
(ii) "COVID-19" means severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and any mutation or viral fragments thereof or any disease or condition caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that was the subject of the public health emergency declared by the governor under W.S. 35-4-115(a)(i) on March 13, 2020;
(iii) "COVID-19 liability claim" means a cause of action for:
(A) The transmission, infection, exposure or potential exposure of COVID-19 to a claimant:
(I) At any health care facility or on any person's or entity's premises that resulted in injury to or death of the claimant; or
(II) Caused by the actions of any health care provider or other person that resulted in injury to or death of the claimant.
(B) Acts or omissions by a health care facility or provider in arranging for or providing health care services or medical care to the claimant that resulted in injury to or death of the claimant, or where the response to COVID-19 reasonably interfered with the arranging for or the providing of health care services or medical care for the claimant; or
(C) Manufacturing, labeling, donating or distributing personal protective equipment or sanitizer that is directly related to the provision of personal protective equipment or sanitizer to the claimant by any person or entity during the public health emergency declared under COVID-19 that departs from the normal manufacturing, labeling, donating or distributing of personal protective equipment by an entity and that proximately causes injury to or the death of the claimant.
(iv) "Personal protective equipment" means equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards that cause injury or illness, including gloves, masks, face shields, safety glasses, shoes, earplugs, muffs, respirators, coveralls, vests and full body suits;
(v) "Sanitizer" means any substance generally used to decrease infectious agents including viruses on the body, objects or other spaces that receive human contact.
(b) Subject to subsection (c) of this section, in any action involving a COVID-19 liability claim against a person or entity, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that the claimant accepted and assumed the risk of catching COVID-19 if the claimant entered the premises of another person or entity.
(c) The assumption of risk specified in subsection (b) of this section shall not apply to acts or omissions constituting gross negligence or willful or wanton misconduct.
(d) Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit or restrict the immunity available in W.S. 35-4-114(d) or any other immunity available under law.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 2 - Oaths › Section 1-2-102 - Officers Authorized to Administer.

1-2-102. Officers authorized to administer.
(a) The following officers are authorized to administer oaths:
(i) Justices of the Wyoming supreme court;
(ii) Judges of the Wyoming district courts;
(iii) Judge of the United States district court for the district of Wyoming;
(iv) Clerks of the Wyoming supreme court, Wyoming district courts and Wyoming circuit courts;
(v) Clerk of the United States district court for the district of Wyoming;
(vi) Commissioners and magistrates appointed by authority of the laws of the United States or of Wyoming;
(vii) Repealed By Laws 2011, Ch. 113, 3.
(viii) County clerks;
(ix) County treasurers;
(x) Clerks of school districts in Wyoming;
(xi) Clerks of any incorporated city or town in Wyoming;
(xii) County commissioners within their respective counties;
(xiii) Repealed by Laws 2009, Ch. 168, 202.
(xiv) Judges of the Wyoming circuit courts;
(xv) Notarial officers.
(b) Except for notarial officers, officers listed in this section are authorized to administer oaths, but are not authorized to perform other notarial acts as defined in W.S. 32-3-102(a)(xviii), unless specified otherwise in W.S. 32-3-105(a).
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 2 - Oaths › Section 1-2-103 - Affirmation in Lieu of Oath; Manner of Administering.

1-2-103. Affirmation in lieu of oath; manner of administering.
Persons conscientiously opposed to swearing or to taking any oath may affirm, and are subject to the penalties of perjury as in the case of swearing an oath. Whenever any person is required to take an oath in any court, or before any person or officer authorized by law to administer oaths, it is lawful for the court, officer or person administering the same, to administer it in the following manner: the person taking the oath or swearing shall, with his or her right hand uplifted, swear or take the oath, concluding with the words "so help me God".
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 2 - Oaths › Section 1-2-104 - Certification of Documents.

1-2-104. Certification of documents.
(a) A matter required or authorized to be supported, evidenced, established or proven by the sworn statement, declaration, verification, certificate, oath or affidavit, in writing of the person making it, other than a deposition, an acknowledgment, an oath of office or an oath required to be taken before a specified official other than a notary public, may be supported, evidenced, established or proven by the person certifying in writing "under penalty of false swearing" that the matter is true. The certification shall state the date and place of execution and the following:
"I certify under penalty of false swearing that the foregoing is true".
(b) A person who knowingly makes a false certification under subsection (a) of this section is guilty of false swearing in violation of W.S. 6-5-303(c).
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 3 - Limitation of Actions › Section 1-3-104 - Recovery of Real Property; Legal Disability.

1-3-104. Recovery of real property; legal disability.
Any person entitled to bring an action for the recovery of real property who is under any legal disability when the cause of action accrues may bring his action within ten (10) years after the disability is removed.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 3 - Limitation of Actions › Section 1-3-105 - Actions Other Than Recovery of Real Property.

1-3-105. Actions other than recovery of real property.
(a) Civil actions other than for the recovery of real property can only be brought within the following periods after the cause of action accrues:
(i) Within ten (10) years, an action upon a specialty or any contract, agreement or promise in writing;
(ii) Within eight (8) years, an action:
(A) Upon a contract not in writing, either express or implied; or
(B) Upon a liability created by statute other than a forfeiture or penalty.
(iii) Within five (5) years after the debtor establishes residence in Wyoming, an action on a foreign claim, judgment or contract, express or implied, contracted or incurred and accrued before the debtor became a resident of Wyoming;
(iv) Within four (4) years, an action for:
(A) Trespass upon real property;
(B) The recovery of personal property or for taking, detaining or injuring personal property;
(C) An injury to the rights of the plaintiff, not arising on contract and not herein enumerated; and
(D) For relief on the ground of fraud.
(v) Within one (1) year, an action for:
(A) Libel or slander;
(B) Assault or battery not including sexual assault;
(C) Malicious prosecution or false imprisonment; or
(D) Upon a statute for a penalty or forfeiture, except that if a different limitation is prescribed in the statute by which the remedy is given the action shall be brought within the period prescribed by the statute.
(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, a civil action based upon sexual assault as defined by W.S. 6-2-301(a)(v) against a minor may be brought within the later of:
(i) Eight (8) years after the minor's eighteenth birthday; or
(ii) Three (3) years after the discovery.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 3 - Limitation of Actions › Section 1-3-106 - When Certain Causes of Action Accrue.

1-3-106. When certain causes of action accrue.
A cause of action for the wrongful taking of personal property is not deemed to have accrued until the wrongdoer is discovered. A cause of action on the ground of fraud is not deemed to have accrued until the discovery of the fraud.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 3 - Limitation of Actions › Section 1-3-107 - Act, Error or Omission in Rendering Professional or Health Care Services.

1-3-107. Act, error or omission in rendering professional or health care services.
(a) A cause of action arising from an act, error or omission in the rendering of licensed or certified professional or health care services shall be brought within the greater of the following times:
(i) Within two (2) years of the date of the alleged act, error or omission, except that a cause of action may be instituted not more than two (2) years after discovery of the alleged act, error or omission, if the claimant can establish that the alleged act, error or omission was:
(A) Not reasonably discoverable within a two (2) year period; or
(B) The claimant failed to discover the alleged act, error or omission within the two (2) year period despite the exercise of due diligence.
(ii) For injury to the rights of a minor, by his eighth birthday or within two (2) years of the date of the alleged act, error or omission, whichever period is greater, except that a cause of action may be instituted not more than two (2) years after discovery of the alleged act, error or omission, if the claimant can establish that the alleged act, error or omission was:
(A) Not reasonably discoverable within the two (2) year period; or
(B) That the claimant failed to discover the alleged act, error or omission within the two (2) year period despite the exercise of due diligence.
(iii) For injury to the rights of a plaintiff suffering from a legal disability other than minority, within one (1) year of the removal of the disability;
(iv) If under paragraph (i) or (ii) of this subsection, the alleged act, error or omission is discovered during the second year of the two (2) year period from the date of the act, error or omission, the period for commencing a lawsuit shall be extended by six (6) months.
(b) This section applies to all persons regardless of minority or other legal disability.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 3 - Limitation of Actions › Section 1-3-108 - Official Bonds and Statutory Undertakings.

1-3-108. Official bonds and statutory undertakings.
An action upon the official bond of an officer, assignee, trustee, executor, administrator or guardian, or upon a bond given in pursuance of a statute can only be brought within ten (10) years after the cause of action accrues.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 3 - Limitation of Actions › Section 1-3-111 - Improvements to Real Property; Generally.

1-3-111. Improvements to real property; generally.
(a) Unless the parties to the contract agree otherwise, no action to recover damages, whether in tort, contract, indemnity or otherwise, shall be brought more than ten (10) years after substantial completion of an improvement to real property, against any person constructing, altering or repairing the improvement, manufacturing or furnishing materials incorporated in the improvement, or performing or furnishing services in the design, planning, surveying, supervision, observation or management of construction, or administration of construction contracts for:
(i) Any deficiency in the design, planning, supervision, construction, surveying, manufacturing or supplying of materials or observation or management of construction;
(ii) Injury to any property arising out of any deficiency listed in paragraph (i) of this subsection; or
(iii) Injury to the person or wrongful death arising out of any deficiency listed in paragraph (i) of this subsection.
(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, if an injury to property or person or an injury causing wrongful death occurs during the ninth year after substantial completion of the improvement to real property, an action to recover damages for the injury or wrongful death may be brought within one (1) year after the date on which the injury occurs.
(c) This section shall not be construed to extend the period for bringing an action allowed by the laws of this state.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 3 - Limitation of Actions › Section 1-3-112 - Improvements to Real Property; Exception as to Persons in Possession or Control.

1-3-112. Improvements to real property; exception as to persons in possession or control.
The limitation prescribed by this act shall not be asserted by way of defense by any person in actual possession or control, as owner, tenant or otherwise, of the improvement at the time any deficiency in the improvement constitutes the proximate cause of the injury or death for which it is proposed to bring an action.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 3 - Limitation of Actions › Section 1-3-114 - Legal Disabilities.

1-3-114. Legal disabilities.
If a person entitled to bring any action except for an action arising from error or omission in the rendering of licensed or certified professional or health care services or for a penalty or forfeiture, is, at the time the cause of action accrues, a minor or subject to any other legal disability, the person may bring the action within three (3) years after the disability is removed or within any other statutory period of limitation, whichever is greater.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 3 - Limitation of Actions › Section 1-3-115 - Liability Created by Federal Statute.

1-3-115. Liability created by federal statute.
All actions upon a liability created by a federal statute, other than a forfeiture or penalty, for which no period of limitations is provided in such statute, shall be commenced within two (2) years after the cause of action has accrued.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 3 - Limitation of Actions › Section 1-3-116 - Absence From State, Abscondence or Concealment.

1-3-116. Absence from state, abscondence or concealment.
If a cause of action accrues against a person when he is out of the state, or has absconded or concealed himself, the period limited for the commencement of the action does not begin to run until he comes into the state or while he is so absconded or concealed. If after the cause of action accrues he departs from the state or absconds or conceals himself, the time of his absence or concealment is not computed as a part of the period within which the action shall be brought.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 3 - Limitation of Actions › Section 1-3-118 - Right to Commence New Action.

1-3-118. Right to commence new action.
If in an action commenced in due time a judgment for the plaintiff is reversed, or if the plaintiff fails otherwise than upon the merits and the time limited for the commencement of the action has expired at the date of the reversal or failure, the plaintiff, or his representatives if he dies and if the cause of action survives, may commence a new action within one (1) year after the date of the failure or reversal. This provision also applies to any claim asserted in any pleading by a defendant.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 3 - Limitation of Actions › Section 1-3-119 - Effect of Partial Payment or New Promise in Writing.

1-3-119. Effect of partial payment or new promise in writing.
When payment has been made upon any demand founded on contract or a written acknowledgment thereof, or promise to pay the same has been made and signed by the party to be charged, the time for commencing an action runs from the date of such payment, acknowledgment or promise.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 4 - Abatement and Survival › Section 1-4-101 - Causes of Action That Survive.

1-4-101. Causes of action that survive.
In addition to the causes of action which survive at common law, causes of action for mesne profits, injuries to the person, an injury to real or personal estate, or any deceit or fraud also survive. An action may be brought notwithstanding the death of the person entitled or liable to the same, but in actions for personal injury damages, if the person entitled thereto dies recovery is limited to damages for wrongful death.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 4 - Abatement and Survival › Section 1-4-102 - Abatement of Actions by Death.

1-4-102. Abatement of actions by death.
No action or proceeding pending in any court abates by the death of either or both of the parties thereto except as herein provided; an action for libel, slander, malicious prosecution, assault, assault and battery or nuisance shall abate by the death of either party.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 5 - Venue › Section 1-5-101 - Actions to Be Brought Where Real Property Situated; Exceptions.

1-5-101. Actions to be brought where real property situated; exceptions.
(a) Actions for the following causes shall be brought in the county in which the subject of the action is situate, except as provided in W.S. 1-5-102 and 1-5-103:
(i) For the recovery of real property, or of an estate or interest therein;
(ii) For the partition of real property;
(iii) For the sale of real property under a mortgage, lien or other encumbrance or charge.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 5 - Venue › Section 1-5-102 - Property Situate in More Than a Single County.

1-5-102. Property situate in more than a single county.
When the property is situate in more than one (1) county, the action may be brought in either, but in actions to recover real property, this can only be done when the property is an entire tract.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 5 - Venue › Section 1-5-104 - Actions to Be Brought Where Cause of Action Arose.

1-5-104. Actions to be brought where cause of action arose.
(a) Actions for the following causes shall be brought in the county where the cause or some part thereof arose:
(i) For the recovery of a fine, forfeiture or penalty imposed by a statute. When it is imposed for an offense committed on a river or other water course or a road which is the boundary of the state or of two (2) or more counties, the action may be brought in any county bordering on the river, water course or road, and opposite to the place where the offense was committed;
(ii) Against a public officer for an act done by virtue or under color of his office, or for a neglect of his official duty;
(iii) On the official bond or undertaking of a public officer.
(b) Actions for small claims proceedings under W.S. 1-21-201 through 1-21-205 may be brought in the county where the cause of action or some part thereof arose.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 5 - Venue › Section 1-5-105 - Actions Against Domestic Corporations.

1-5-105. Actions against domestic corporations.
An action, other than those mentioned in W.S. 1-5-101 through 1-5-103, against a corporation created under the laws of this state may be brought in the county in which the corporation is situate or has its principal office or place of business. If the corporation is an insurance company the action may be brought in the county wherein the cause of action or some part thereof arose.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 5 - Venue › Section 1-5-106 - Actions Against Public Carriers and Railroad Companies.

1-5-106. Actions against public carriers and railroad companies.
An action for an injury to person or property upon a liability as a public carrier, or an action against a railroad company, may be brought in any county through or into which the carrier or railroad line passes.
2023 Wyoming Statutes › Title 1 - Code of Civil Procedure › Chapter 5 - Venue › Section 1-5-107 - Actions Against Nonresidents and Foreign Corporations.

1-5-107. Actions against nonresidents and foreign corporations.
An action, other than one (1) of those mentioned in W.S. 1-5-101 through 1-5-104, against a nonresident of this state or a foreign corporation, whether or not codefendants reside in Wyoming, may be brought in any county where the cause of action arose or where the plaintiff resides.