2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 29 - Business Organizations. [Enacted title] › Chapter 3 - Business Corporations › Subchapter VI - Directors and Officers › Part C - Directors › § 29–306.31. Standards of liability for directors

§ 29–306.31. Standards of liability for directors.
(a) A director shall not be liable to the corporation or its shareholders for any decision to take or not to take action, or any failure to take any action, as a director, unless the party asserting liability in a proceeding establishes that:
(1) None of the following, if interposed as a bar to the proceeding by the director, precludes liability:
(A) Any provision in the articles of incorporation authorized by § 29-302.02(b)(4);
(B) The protection afforded by § 29-306.71 for action taken in compliance with § 29-306.72 or § 29-306.73; or
(C) The protection afforded by § 29-306.80; and
(2) The challenged conduct consisted or was the result of:
(A) Action not in good faith;
(B) A decision:
(i) Which the director did not reasonably believe to be in the best interests of the corporation; or
(ii) As to which the director was not informed to an extent the director reasonably believed appropriate in the circumstances;
(C) A lack of objectivity due to the director’s familial, financial, or business relationship with, or a lack of independence due to the director’s domination or control by, another person having a material interest in the challenged conduct:
(i) Which relationship or which domination or control could reasonably be expected to have affected the director’s judgment respecting the challenged conduct in a manner adverse to the corporation; and
(ii) After a reasonable expectation to such effect has been established, the director has not established that the challenged conduct was reasonably believed by the director to be in the best interests of the corporation; or
(D) A sustained failure of the director to devote attention to ongoing oversight of the activities and affairs of the corporation, or a failure to devote timely attention, by making, or causing to be made, appropriate inquiry, when particular facts and circumstances of significant concern materialize that would alert a reasonably attentive director to the need therefore [therefor]; or
(E) Receipt of a financial benefit to which the director was not entitled or any other breach of the director’s duties to deal fairly with the corporation and its shareholders that is actionable under applicable law.
(b) The party seeking to hold the director liable:
(1) For money damages, shall also have the burden of establishing that:
(A) Harm to the corporation or its shareholders has been suffered; and
(B) The harm suffered was proximately caused by the director’s challenged conduct;
(2) For other money payment under a legal remedy, such as compensation for the unauthorized use of corporate assets, shall also have whatever persuasion burden may be called for to establish that the payment sought is appropriate in the circumstances; or
(3) For other money payment under an equitable remedy, such as profit recovery by or disgorgement to the corporation, shall also have whatever persuasion burden may be called for to establish that the equitable remedy sought is appropriate in the circumstances.
(c) This section shall not:
(1) In any instance where fairness is at issue, such as consideration of the fairness of a transaction to the corporation under § 29-306.71(b)(3), alter the burden of proving the fact or lack of fairness otherwise applicable;
(2) Alters the fact or lack of liability of a director under another section of this chapter, such as the provisions governing the consequences of an unlawful distribution under § 29-306.32 or a transactional interest under § 29-306.71; or
(3) Affects any rights to which the corporation or a shareholder may be entitled under another law of the District or the United States.
(July 2, 2011, D.C. Law 18-378, § 2, 58 DCR 1720; Mar. 5, 2013, D.C. Law 19-210, § 2(c)(19), 59 DCR 13171.)
Section References
This section is referenced in § 29-306.42.
Effect of Amendments
The 2013 amendment by D.C. Law 19-210 substituted “activities” for “business” in (a)(2)(D).
Editor's Notes
Application of Law 19-210: Section 7 of D.C. Law 19-210 provided that the act shall apply as of January 1, 2012.