reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 15 - Hearing Aid Specialists and Opticians › § 54.1-1504. License required

No person shall engage in the practice of fitting or dealing in prescription hearing aids or display a sign or in any other way advertise or represent himself as a person who practices the fitting or dealing of prescription hearing aids unless he holds a license as provided in this chapter. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed as requiring a licensee to engage in the business of selling over-the-counter hearing aids.
1970, c. 571, § 54-524.111; 1974, c. 534; 1986, c. 279; 1988, c. 765; 2005, c. 599; 2023, cc. 273, 274.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 15 - Hearing Aid Specialists and Opticians › § 54.1-1505. Return of prescription hearing aid by purchaser or lessee

A. Within 30 days of the date of delivery, any purchaser or lessee of a prescription hearing aid shall be entitled to return such hearing aid for any reason, provided that such hearing aid is returned in satisfactory condition. Such purchaser or lessee shall be entitled to a replacement or a refund of all charges paid, less a reasonable charge for medical, audiological, and hearing aid evaluation services provided by the hearing aid specialist.
B. The right of a purchaser or lessee to return a prescription hearing aid and the charges to be imposed upon the return of such hearing aid, as provided in subsection A of this section, shall be explained and given in writing in at least 10-point, bold-faced type to such purchaser or lessee by the hearing aid specialist.
C. The provisions of this section shall be subject to the provisions of the Virginia Consumer Protection Act (§ 59.1-196 et seq.).
1990, c. 584; 2023, cc. 273, 274.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 15 - Hearing Aid Specialists and Opticians › § 54.1-1506. Exemptions

The provisions of this chapter shall not apply to:
1. Any licensed physician or licensed optometrist;
2. Any individual, partnership, or corporation engaged in supplying ophthalmic prescriptions and supplies exclusively to licensed physicians, licensed optometrists, licensed opticians, or optical scientists;
3. Any person who does not hold himself out to the public as an "optician," and who works exclusively under the direct supervision and control of a licensed physician or licensed optometrist or licensed optician, and in the same location;
4. The sale of spectacles, eyeglasses, magnifying glasses, goggles, sunglasses, telescopes, or binoculars that are completely preassembled and sold as merchandise; or
5. Any optician who (i) does not regularly practice in Virginia; (ii) holds a current valid license or certificate to practice as an optician in another state, territory, district, or possession of the United States; (iii) volunteers to provide free health care to an underserved area of the Commonwealth under the auspices of a publicly supported all volunteer, nonprofit organization with no paid employees that sponsors the provision of health care to populations of underserved people throughout the world; (iv) files a copy of the license or certificate issued in such other jurisdiction with the Board; (v) notifies the Board, within 15 days prior to the voluntary provision of services of the dates and location of such services; and (vi) acknowledges, in writing, that such licensure exemption shall only be valid, in compliance with the Board's regulations, during the limited period that such free health care is made available through the volunteer, nonprofit organization on the dates and at the location filed with the Board.
1954, c. 237, §§ 54-398.1, 54-398.3; 1974, c. 534; 1988, c. 765, § 54.1-1701; 2002, c. 740; 2012, cc. 803, 835.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 15 - Hearing Aid Specialists and Opticians › § 54.1-1507. Practice of opticians restricted

No person shall practice or offer to practice as an optician in the Commonwealth unless he holds a license issued under this chapter.
1954, c. 237, § 54-398.3; 1974, c. 534; 1988, c. 765, § 54.1-1704; 2012, cc. 803, 835.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 15 - Hearing Aid Specialists and Opticians › § 54.1-1508. Optical prescriptions, ocular refraction, etc.

Nothing in this chapter shall authorize an optician, or anyone else not otherwise authorized by law, to make, issue, or alter optical prescriptions, or to practice ocular refraction, orthoptics, or visual training, or to fit contact lenses except on the prescription of an ophthalmologist or optometrist and under his direction, or to advertise or offer to do so in any manner.
1954, c. 237, § 54-398.27; 1964, c. 101; 1988, c. 765, § 54.1-1705; 2012, cc. 803, 835.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 15 - Hearing Aid Specialists and Opticians › § 54.1-1509. Permissible practices

Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivisions 7 and 8 of § 54.1-3204, a licensed optician is authorized to prepare and dispense eyeglasses, spectacles, lenses, or related appurtenances, for the intended wearers or users, on prescriptions from licensed physicians or licensed optometrists; duplicate and reproduce previously prepared eyeglasses, spectacles, lenses, or related appurtenances; and, in accordance with such prescriptions, duplications, or reproductions, measure, adapt, fit, and adjust eyeglasses, spectacles, lenses, or appurtenances to the human face. A licensed optician shall not, however, duplicate a contact lens solely from a previously prepared contact lens.
1990, c. 718, § 54.1-1706; 1993, c. 206; 2009, cc. 353, 761; 2012, cc. 803, 835.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 18 - Polygraph Examiners › § 54.1-1800. Definitions

As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:
"Course of instruction" means a formal course of instruction in the detection of deception and the verification of truth in an institution approved by the Director.
"Department" means the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation.
"Director" means the Director of the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation.
"Other detection device" or "device" means any mechanical or electronic instrument or device, other than a polygraph, used to test or question individuals for the purpose of detecting deception or verifying truthfulness.
"Person" means any natural person, partnership, association, corporation or trust.
"Polygraph" means any mechanical or electronic instrument or device used to test or question individuals for the purpose of determining truthfulness.
"Polygraph examiner" means any person who uses a polygraph to test or question individuals for the purpose of determining truthfulness.
"Polygraph examiner intern" means any person engaged in the study of polygraphy and the administration of polygraph examinations under the personal supervision and control of a polygraph examiner.
1975, c. 522, § 54-916; 1988, c. 765; 1993, c. 499; 2010, c. 625.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 18 - Polygraph Examiners › § 54.1-1801. Licenses

A. All polygraph examiners shall be licensed pursuant to this chapter.
B. All persons who operate any other detection device shall be licensed pursuant to this chapter.
1975, c. 522, § 54-918; 1988, c. 765; 2010, c. 625.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 18 - Polygraph Examiners › § 54.1-1802.1. Powers and duties of the Department

The Department shall administer and enforce the provisions of this chapter. In addition to the powers and duties otherwise conferred by the law, the Director shall have the powers and duties of a regulatory board as contained in §§ 54.1-201 and 54.1-202 and shall have the power and duty to:
1. Promulgate regulations necessary for the reasonable administration of this chapter in accordance with the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.). Such regulations shall include, but not be limited to, the establishment of minimum qualifications for the operators of polygraphs and other detection devices;
2. Charge each applicant for licensure and for renewals of licensure a nonrefundable fee subject to the provisions of § 54.1-113 and subdivision A 4 of § 54.1-201; and
3. Conduct investigations to determine the suitability of applicants for licensure and to determine the licensee's compliance with applicable statutes and regulations.
2010, cc. 578, 625; 2012, c. 769.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 18 - Polygraph Examiners › § 54.1-1803. Approval of schools to teach courses of instruction

The Director shall promulgate regulations for the approval of schools in which courses of instruction for polygraph examiners and persons who operate other detection devices approved pursuant to § 54.1-1805 are taught.
1975, c. 522, § 54-920; 1988, c. 765; 2010, c. 625.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 18 - Polygraph Examiners › § 54.1-1804. Submission of fingerprints

Each applicant for licensure as a polygraph examiner, each polygraph examiner intern, and each applicant for licensure to operate any other detection device shall submit his fingerprints to the Department on a form provided by the Department.
1975, c. 522, § 54-921; 1988, c. 765; 2010, c. 625.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 18 - Polygraph Examiners › § 54.1-1805. Instrument to be used

A. Each polygraph examiner shall use an instrument that records permanently and simultaneously the subject's cardiovascular and respiratory patterns as minimum standards, but such an instrument may record additional physiological changes pertinent to the determination of truthfulness.
B. 1. The use of any other detection device that does not meet the instrumentation requirements set forth in subsection A shall be approved by the Director. The Director shall approve such other detection device only when the data collected by such device is deemed to be reliable and valid in detecting deception or verifying truth, based upon the preponderance of available scientific evidence. The voluntary, written consent of any individual to be tested using a detection device approved pursuant to this subsection shall be obtained prior to the administration of any such test or questioning using the device.
2. Any such approved device shall be subject to regulations promulgated by the Director regarding its use in the Commonwealth.
3. The Director shall establish standards of practice related to the use of any such other detection device approved pursuant to this subsection.
1975, c. 522, § 54-922; 1988, c. 765; 2010, c. 625.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 18 - Polygraph Examiners › § 54.1-1806. Prohibition of use of certain questions on polygraph tests for employment

No licensed polygraph operator shall, during a polygraph examination required as a condition of employment, ask any question concerning the sexual activities of the person being examined if the question violates state or federal law. A violation of this section shall constitute grounds for disciplinary action pursuant to § 54.1-1802.1.
1989, c. 693; 2010, c. 578.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 20.1 - Real Estate Appraisers › § 54.1-2010. Exemptions from licensure

A. The provisions of this chapter shall not apply to:
1. A real estate broker or salesperson licensed in the Commonwealth who, in the ordinary course of business, provides a valuation or analysis of real estate for a fee; however, such person shall not hold himself out as a real estate appraiser, and the valuation shall not be referred to as an appraisal and shall not be used in lieu of an appraisal performed by a licensed appraiser.
2. An officer or employee of the United States of America, or of the Commonwealth or a political subdivision thereof, where the employee or officer is performing his official duties, provided that such individual does not furnish advisory service for compensation to the public or act as an independent contracting party in the Commonwealth or any political subdivision thereof in connection with the appraisal of real estate or real property.
3. Any person who, in the ordinary course of business, provides consulting services or consultative brokerage for a fee, which services may include a valuation or analysis of real estate or standing or severed timber; provided such consulting services or consultative brokerage shall not be referred to as an appraisal and shall not be used in connection with obtaining a loan to finance or refinance real property or standing or severed timber or in connection with any federally related transaction.
4. Any person who, in the regular course of business, provides services to his employer, which services may include a valuation or analysis of real estate, provided such services shall not be referred to as an appraisal and shall not be used in lieu of an appraisal performed by an appraiser licensed hereunder.
5. Any person, including (i) a licensed residential real estate appraiser, certified residential real estate appraiser, or certified general real estate appraiser or (ii) an employee of a financial institution or lender, who provides an evaluation of real estate or real property in connection with a real estate-related financial transaction where an appraisal by a state-certified or state-licensed appraiser is not required by the state or federal financial institution's regulatory agency engaging in, contracting for or regulating such real estate-related financial transaction or regulating the financial institution or lender engaged in or about to engage in such real estate-related financial transaction. The evaluations provided by such persons shall comply with any standards imposed by the state or federal financial institution's or lender's regulatory agencies for evaluations prepared by nonstate-certified or nonstate-licensed appraisers.
B. Nothing contained herein shall proscribe the powers of a judge to determine who may qualify as an expert witness to testify in any legal proceeding.
1990, c. 459; 1992, c. 68; 1995, c. 327; 1999, c. 259; 2017, cc. 258, 269.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 20.1 - Real Estate Appraisers › § 54.1-2011. Necessity for license

A. After December 31, 1992, except as provided in § 54.1-2010 and in subsections C and E of this section, it shall be unlawful to engage in the appraisal of real estate or real property for compensation or valuable consideration in this Commonwealth without first obtaining a real estate appraiser's license in accordance with Board regulations promulgated pursuant to the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.).
B. After December 31, 1992, except as provided in § 54.1-2010, it shall be unlawful for any person who is not licensed pursuant to this chapter to perform an appraisal in connection with a federally related transaction.
C. Notwithstanding subsections A and B of this section, an individual who is not a licensed residential real estate appraiser, a certified residential real estate appraiser, or a certified general real estate appraiser may assist in the preparation of and sign an appraisal if:
1. The assistant is under the direct supervision of a licensed residential real estate appraiser, a certified residential real estate appraiser, or a certified general real estate appraiser; and
2. The appraisal is reviewed, attested to be accurate and complete, and signed by such licensed residential real estate appraiser, certified residential real estate appraiser, or certified general real estate appraiser in accordance with this chapter.
D. This chapter shall not prevent or affect the practice of any profession or trade for which licensing, certification, or registration is required under any other Virginia law.
E. A corporation, partnership, or other business entity may provide appraisal services if each appraisal is prepared and signed by an individual licensed in accordance with this chapter and such corporation, partnership, or other business entity has registered with the Board. However, any appraisal management company that is required to be licensed under § 54.1-2021.1 shall not be required to have an additional license under this section.
F. An appraiser engaged by an appraisal management company to perform appraisal services shall disclose the actual fee paid to the appraiser by the appraisal management company as part of the appraisal report. The disclosure of such fee shall not be prohibited by the appraisal management company as otherwise provided in § 54.1-2022.
1990, c. 459; 1992, c. 338; 2012, c. 405.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 20.1 - Real Estate Appraisers › § 54.1-2013. General powers of Real Estate Appraiser Board; regulations; educational requirements for licensure

The Board shall have all of the powers of a regulatory board under Chapter 2 (§ 54.1-200 et seq.). The Board may do all things necessary and convenient for carrying into effect the provisions of this chapter, Chapter 20.2 (§ 54.1-2020 et seq.), and all things required or expected of a state appraiser certifying and licensing agency under Title 11 of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989 (12 U.S.C. § 3331 et seq.). The Board shall promulgate necessary regulations.
The Board shall include in its regulations educational and experience requirements as conditions for licensure, provisions for the supervision of appraiser practices, provisions for the enforcement of standards of professional appraiser practice, and provisions for the disposition of referrals of improper appraiser conduct from any person or any federal agency or instrumentality. This paragraph shall not be construed to limit the powers and authority of the Board.
The Board may set different education and experience requirements for licensed residential real estate appraisers, certified residential real estate appraisers, and certified general real estate appraisers. All applicants for licensure under this chapter shall meet applicable educational and experience requirements prior to licensure.
Applicants for licensure as a certified residential real estate appraiser or a certified general real estate appraiser shall successfully complete an examination administered or approved by the Board prior to licensure. The Board may set different examination requirements for certified residential real estate appraisers and certified general real estate appraisers. The Board may require that licensed residential real estate appraisers successfully complete an examination administered or approved by the Board prior to licensure or prior to the renewal of an initial license.
All regulations established by the Board shall satisfy any minimum criteria that are necessary in order that the federal financial institution's regulatory agencies recognize and accept licenses for licensed residential real estate appraisers, certified residential real estate appraisers, certified general real estate appraisers, and appraisal management companies issued by the Board.
1990, c. 459; 1992, c. 68; 1993, c. 539; 2010, c. 91; 2014, c. 210.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 20.1 - Real Estate Appraisers › § 54.1-2013.2. Practical Applications of Real Estate Appraisal Program experience accepted

A. For purposes of this section:
"Appraisal Foundation" means the foundation incorporated as an Illinois Not for Profit Corporation on November 30, 1987, to establish and improve uniform appraisal standards by defining, issuing, and promoting such standards.
"Appraiser Qualifications Board" means the board created by the Appraisal Foundation to (i) establish appropriate criteria for the certification and recertification of qualified appraisers by defining, issuing, and promoting such qualification criteria; (ii) disseminate such qualification criteria to states, governmental entities, and others; and (iii) develop or assist in the development of appropriate examinations for qualified appraisers.
"Certified Residential PAREA Program" or "Licensed Residential PAREA Program" means a Practical Applications of Real Estate Appraisal experience training program approved by the Appraiser Qualifications Board that utilizes simulated experience training and serves as an alternative to the traditional supervisor and trainee method of achieving appraisal experience.
B. The Board shall accept evidence of the successful completion of a Licensed Residential PAREA Program or a Certified Residential PAREA Program to satisfy the experience requirements established in Board regulations promulgated pursuant to § 54.1-2013 as a condition of licensure as a licensed residential real estate appraiser, certified residential real estate appraiser, or certified general real estate appraiser.
C. Applicants completing a Licensed Residential PAREA Program shall receive credit for:
1. One-hundred percent of the experience required by Board regulations as a condition of licensure as a licensed residential real estate appraiser;
2. Sixty-seven percent of the experience required by Board regulations as a condition of licensure as a certified residential real estate appraiser; or
3. Thirty-three percent of the experience required by Board regulations as a condition of licensure as a certified general real estate appraiser.
D. Applicants completing a Certified Residential PAREA Program shall receive credit for:
1. One-hundred percent of the experience required by Board regulations as a condition of licensure as a licensed residential real estate appraiser or certified residential real estate appraiser; or
2. Fifty percent of the experience required by Board regulations as a condition of licensure as a certified general real estate appraiser.
2023, c. 106.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 20.1 - Real Estate Appraisers › § 54.1-2014. Continuing education

The Board may establish in regulations requirements for continuing education as a prerequisite to renewal of a license issued under this chapter. If the Board requires continuing education, the requirements shall include a minimum of two hours of fair housing or appraisal bias courses.
1990, c. 459; 2022, c. 118.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 20.1 - Real Estate Appraisers › § 54.1-2015. Subpoena power

In addition to all other authority to issue subpoenas, the Board or its designees shall have the authority to subpoena the records of any bank, savings institution, or credit union relating to real estate appraisals.
1990, c. 459.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 20.1 - Real Estate Appraisers › § 54.1-2016. Additional licenses

A. The Board may establish in regulations other categories of licensure, as well as the conditions required for such licensure, in order to safeguard the public interest or as may be required to satisfy any additional qualification criteria adopted by any federal agency or instrumentality.
B. Unless expressly prohibited by federal law or regulation, an individual who is certified or licensed as a real estate appraiser in another jurisdiction may obtain a Virginia real estate appraiser's license if (i) the Board determines that the requirements for certification or licensure, as the case may be, in such jurisdiction are substantially equivalent to the requirements for licensure under this chapter, and (ii) the applicant meets such other requirements as may be established by the Board.
C. In accordance with Title 11, § 1122 (a) of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989 (12 U.S.C. § 3351 (a)), the Board shall adopt regulations that provide for temporary practice in Virginia by appraisers licensed or certified by another state.
1990, c. 459.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 20.1 - Real Estate Appraisers › § 54.1-2017. Use of terms "Licensed Residential Real Estate Appraiser," "Certified Residential Real Estate Appraiser," and "Certified General Real Estate Appraiser"; authentication of reports

An individual who is not licensed by the Board as a certified general real estate appraiser, a certified residential real estate appraiser, or a licensed residential real estate appraiser shall not represent himself as being so licensed or use in connection with his name or place of business the term "real estate appraiser," "general real estate appraiser," "certified general real estate appraiser," "licensed residential real estate appraiser," "certified residential real estate appraiser," "state certified real estate appraiser," "state licensed real estate appraiser," or any words, letters, abbreviations, or insignia indicating or implying that he is licensed as a certified general real estate appraiser, a licensed residential real estate appraiser, or a certified residential real estate appraiser in this Commonwealth.
Each licensed residential real estate appraiser, certified residential real estate appraiser, and certified general real estate appraiser shall comply with the standards of professional appraisal practice and code of ethics adopted by the Board and shall authenticate all written appraisal reports with his signature, license designation and license number.
All appraisal reports rendered in connection with federally related transactions shall be written.
1990, c. 459; 1999, c. 57.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 20.1 - Real Estate Appraisers › § 54.1-2017.1. Evaluation requirements; report

A. Any evaluation, as defined in § 54.1-2009, shall contain the statement: "This is not an appraisal performed in accordance with the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice."
B. The evaluation report may be prepared in any reporting format, provided that (i) the reporting format meets the requirements as set forth in the Interagency Appraisal and Evaluation Guidelines promulgated by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency et al. (75 F.R. 77450) and (ii) the evaluation report contains sufficient information in clear and understandable language to allow a person to understand the opinion of the market value of real property or real estate.
2018, c. 644.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 20.1 - Real Estate Appraisers › § 54.1-2018. Roster of appraisers

A roster showing the names and addresses of all licensed residential real estate appraisers, certified residential real estate appraisers, and certified general real estate appraisers shall be published annually and made available to all interested parties at a cost, as determined by the Director.
1990, c. 459.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 20.1 - Real Estate Appraisers › § 54.1-2019. Consent to suits and service of process of nonresidents; manner of service

A. Every nonresident applicant shall file with the Board an irrevocable consent that suits and actions may be commenced against such applicant in the proper court of any county or city of this Commonwealth in which a cause of action may arise or in which the plaintiff may reside, by the service of any process or pleading authorized by the laws of this Commonwealth on the Director of the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation. The consent shall stipulate that such service of process or pleadings on the Director shall be taken and held in all courts to be as valid and binding as if due service has been made upon the applicant in the Commonwealth of Virginia.
B. Any process or pleading served upon the Director shall be filed by the Director in his office and a copy thereof immediately forwarded by registered mail to the main office of the licensee at the last known address.
1990, c. 459; 1993, c. 499.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 20.2 - Real Estate Appraisal Management Companies › § 54.1-2021. Exemptions

The provisions of this chapter shall not apply to:
1. Any agency of the federal government or any agency of the Commonwealth or local government;
2. Any person or entity that exclusively employs persons on an employer and employee basis for the performance of appraisal services;
3. Any person or entity licensed pursuant to § 54.1-2017 that has as its primary business the performance of appraisal services in the Commonwealth in accordance with Chapter 20.1 (§ 54.1-2009 et seq.) and with the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice;
4. Any person or entity licensed pursuant to § 54.1-2017 that has as its primary business the performance of appraisal services in the Commonwealth but that in the normal course of business enters into an agreement with an independent contract appraiser for the performance of appraisal services that the contracting entity cannot complete either because of the location or type of property in question;
5. Any licensed real estate broker performing activities in accordance with Chapter 21 (§ 54.1-2100 et seq.);
6. Any officer or employee of an exempt entity described in this chapter when acting in the scope of employment for the exempt entity;
7. An appraisal management company that is a subsidiary owned and controlled by a financial institution that is subject to appraisal independence standards at least as stringent as those under the Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. § 1601 et seq.); or
8. A department or unit within a financial institution that is subject to direct regulation by an agency of the United States government that is a member of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council or its successor, or to regulation by an agency of this state, that receives a request for the performance of an appraisal from one employee of the financial institution, and another employee of the same financial institution assigns the request for the appraisal to an appraiser that is an independent contractor to the institution, except that an appraisal management company that is a wholly owned subsidiary of a financial institution shall not be considered a department or unit within a financial institution for the purposes of this subdivision.
2010, c. 508; 2012, c. 405.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 20.2 - Real Estate Appraisal Management Companies › § 54.1-2022.1. Appraiser compensation

A. An appraisal management company shall compensate appraisers in compliance with § 129E(i) of the federal Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. § 1601 et seq.) and regulations promulgated thereunder.
B. Except in the case of breach of contract or noncompliance with the conditions of the engagement or performance of services that violates the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice, an appraisal management company shall compensate the appraiser within 30 days of the initial delivery by the appraiser of the completed appraisal report.
2015, c. 422; 2017, c. 666.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 20.2 - Real Estate Appraisal Management Companies › § 54.1-2023. Penalty

In addition to the powers vested in the Board, in any action brought under this chapter, if a court finds that a person has willfully engaged in an act or practice in violation of this chapter, the Attorney General, the attorney for the Commonwealth, or the attorney for the locality may recover for the Literary Fund, upon petition to the court, a civil penalty of not more than $10,000 per violation. For purposes of this section, prima facie evidence of a willful violation may be shown when the Attorney General, the attorney for the Commonwealth, or the attorney for the locality notifies the alleged violator by certified mail that an act or practice is a violation of this chapter and the alleged violator, after receipt of the notice, continues to engage in the act or practice.
Violations of this chapter shall constitute separate and distinct offenses. If the acts or activities violating this chapter also violate another provision of law, an action brought under this chapter shall not prohibit or bar any prosecution or proceeding under such other provision or the imposition or any penalties provided for thereby.
2010, c. 508; 2012, c. 405.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 21 - Real Estate Brokers, Sales Persons and Rental Location Agents › § 54.1-2100. Definitions

As used in this chapter:
"Distance learning" means instruction delivered by an approved provider through a medium other than a classroom setting. Such courses shall be those offered by an accredited institution of higher education, high school offering adult distributive education courses, other school or educational institution, or real estate professional association or related entities.
"Real estate broker" means any individual or business entity, including a partnership, association, corporation, or limited liability company, who, for compensation or valuable consideration, (i) sells or offers for sale, buys or offers to buy, or negotiates the purchase or sale or exchange of real estate, including units or interest in condominiums, cooperative interest as defined in § 55.1-2100, or time-shares in a time-share program even though they may be deemed to be securities or (ii) leases or offers to lease, or rents or offers for rent, any real estate or the improvements thereon for others.
"Real estate team" means two or more individuals, one or more of whom is a real estate salesperson or broker, who (i) work together as a unit within the same brokerage firm, (ii) represent themselves to the public as working together as one unit, and (iii) designate themselves by a fictitious name.
"Supervising broker" means a real estate broker who has been designated by a principal broker to supervise the provision of real estate brokerage services by associate brokers and salespersons assigned to a branch office or a real estate team.
Code 1950, § 54-730; 1974, c. 409; 1982, c. 440; 1984, c. 283; 1988, c. 765; 1996, c. 993; 2001, c. 548; 2007, c. 809; 2018, cc. 223, 224.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 21 - Real Estate Brokers, Sales Persons and Rental Location Agents › § 54.1-2101. Real estate salesperson defined

For the purposes of this chapter, "real estate salesperson" means any individual, or business entity, who for compensation or valuable consideration is employed either directly or indirectly by, or affiliated as an independent contractor with, a real estate broker, to sell or offer to sell, or to buy or offer to buy, or to negotiate the purchase, sale or exchange of real estate, or to lease, rent or offer for rent any real estate, or to negotiate leases thereof, or of the improvements thereon.
Code 1950, § 54-731; 1974, c. 685; 1978, c. 138; 1984, c. 201; 1988, c. 765; 1992, c. 84; 1996, c. 993; 2018, cc. 223, 224.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 21 - Real Estate Brokers, Sales Persons and Rental Location Agents › § 54.1-2101.1. Preparation of real estate contracts by real estate licensees; translation

Notwithstanding any rule of court to the contrary, any person licensed under this chapter may prepare written contracts for the sale, purchase, option, exchange, or rental of real estate, provided that the preparation of such contracts is incidental to a real estate transaction in which the licensee (i) is involved and (ii) does not charge a separate fee for preparing the contracts.
If a party to a real estate transaction requests translation of a contract or other real estate document from the English language to another language, a licensee may assist such party in obtaining a translator or may refer such party to an electronic translation service. The licensee shall not charge a fee for such assistance or referral. In doing so, the licensee shall not be deemed to have breached any of his obligations under this chapter or otherwise become liable for any inaccuracies in the translation.
1997, cc. 200, 231; 2018, cc. 39, 87.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 21 - Real Estate Brokers, Sales Persons and Rental Location Agents › § 54.1-2104. Real Estate Board; membership; chairman; seal

The Real Estate Board shall be composed of nine members as follows: seven members who have been licensed real estate brokers or salespersons for at least five consecutive years before their appointment and two citizen members. The terms of Board members shall be four years.
The Board shall elect a chairman from its membership.
The Board shall adopt a seal by which it shall authenticate its proceedings.
Code 1950, §§ 54-737, 54-738, 54-739, 54-744; 1956, c. 145; 1981, c. 447; 1984, c. 201; 1985, c. 448; 1988, cc. 42, 765; 1992, c. 809; 2010, c. 91.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 21 - Real Estate Brokers, Sales Persons and Rental Location Agents › § 54.1-2105.01. Educational requirements for all salespersons within one year of licensure

A. The Board shall establish guidelines for a post-license educational curriculum of at least 30 hours of classroom, or correspondence or other distance learning, instruction, in specified areas, which shall be required of all salespersons within the initial year of licensure. Failure of a new licensee to complete the 30-hour post-licensure curriculum within one year from the last day of the month in which his license was issued shall result in the license being placed on inactive status by the Board until the curriculum has been completed.
B. To establish the guidelines required by this section, the Board shall establish an industry advisory group composed of representatives of the practices of (i) residential real estate, (ii) commercial real estate, and (iii) property management. The industry advisory group shall consist of licensed real estate salespersons and real estate brokers who shall be appointed by and shall meet at the direction of the Board to update the guidelines. The Board shall review and may approve educational curricula developed by an approved school or other provider of real estate education authorized by this chapter. The industry advisory group shall serve at no cost to the Board.
C. The curricula for new licensees shall include topics that new licensees need to know in their practices, including contract writing, handling customer deposits, listing property, leasing property, agency, current industry issues and trends, flood hazard areas and the National Flood Insurance Program, property owners' and condominium association law, landlord-tenant law, Board regulations, real estate-related finance, and such other topics as designated by the Board. The post-licensure education requirements of this section for new licensees shall be in lieu of the continuing education requirements otherwise specified in this chapter and Board regulations.
2007, c. 809; 2011, c. 461; 2015, c. 692; 2018, cc. 60, 86.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 21 - Real Estate Brokers, Sales Persons and Rental Location Agents › § 54.1-2105.02. Regulation of real estate education providers and courses

A. The Board may regulate any school that is established to offer real estate courses except such schools as are regulated by another state agency. Such authority shall include, but not be limited to, qualification of instructors, approval of course curricula, and requirement that such schools submit evidence of financial responsibility to ensure that these schools protect the public health, safety, and welfare.
B. Board regulations shall include a procedure for processing applications of educational institutions, real estate professional associations, or related entities, to provide continuing education courses, which procedure, at a minimum, shall (i) provide for a broad range of subject matters suitable for the continuing education of licensed professionals in a multifamily residential and commercial office, as well as single-family residential, sales, leasing and property management; (ii) acknowledge, in writing, receipt of such applications within 10 calendar days after receipt; and (iii) provide written notification to the applicant, within 75 calendar days of receipt of the application, whether the application has been approved or disapproved, and if disapproved, the reasons therefor. In addition, the Board shall prepare a comprehensive listing of courses, pre-approved by the Board, related to the professional competency requirements for the multifamily residential and commercial office industries.
Board regulations shall include criteria for evaluating and approving continuing education course credits and for awarding credit hours for such courses, as well as procedures for ensuring the quality of real estate courses. The Board shall approve recommended course titles, content, and hours of continuing education credit developed and published by national professional real estate trade associations, unless the Board determines in writing that such titles, content, or credit hours should not be approved and specifies the reasons therefor.
2007, c. 809.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 21 - Real Estate Brokers, Sales Persons and Rental Location Agents › § 54.1-2105.04. Education requirements; reactivation of licenses; waiver

A. Board regulations shall include remedial educational requirements for any salesperson or broker who has been inactive for more than three years. The regulations shall require the applicant to meet the educational requirements for a salesperson or broker in effect at the time either becomes active.
B. When the license has been inactive for more than three years, the Board may waive the educational requirements for reactivation of a license under the following conditions: (i) during the time the license has been inactive, the holder of such inactive license has been engaged in an occupation whereby the knowledge of real estate would be retained or (ii) the holder of such license is a member or the spouse of a member of the armed forces of the United States who has been permanently assigned outside Virginia for a portion of the time the license has been inactive, and the holder of the inactive license remained current in the field of real estate and demonstrates this fact to the satisfaction of the Board.
C. The Board or its agent shall require proof of identity prior to an applicant taking the state examination.
2007, c. 809.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 21 - Real Estate Brokers, Sales Persons and Rental Location Agents › § 54.1-2105.1. (Effective until January 1, 2023) Other powers and duties of the Real Estate Board

In addition to the provisions of §§ 54.1-2105.01 through 54.1-2105.04, the Board shall:
1. Develop a residential property disclosure statement form for use in accordance with the provisions of the Virginia Residential Property Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-700 et seq.) and maintain such statement on its website. The Board shall also develop and maintain on its website a one-page form to be signed by the parties acknowledging that the purchaser has been advised of the disclosures listed in the residential property disclosure statement located on the Board's website; and
2. Inform licensed brokers, in a manner deemed appropriate by the Board, of the broker's ability to designate an agent pursuant to § 54.1-2109 in the event of the broker's death or disability.
1993, c. 958; 2000, c. 759; 2007, cc. 265, 809; 2008, cc. 851, 871; 2011, c. 461; 2014, cc. 24, 705; 2018, cc. 60, 86; 2020, c. 749.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 21 - Real Estate Brokers, Sales Persons and Rental Location Agents › § 54.1-2105.1. (Effective January 1, 2023) Other powers and duties of the Real Estate Board

In addition to the provisions of §§ 54.1-2105.01 through 54.1-2105.04, the Board shall:
1. Develop a residential property disclosure statement form for use in accordance with the provisions of the Virginia Residential Property Disclosure Act (§ 55.1-700 et seq.) and maintain such statement on its website. The Board shall also develop and maintain on its website a one-page form to be signed by the parties acknowledging that the purchaser has been advised of the disclosures listed in the residential property disclosure statement located on the Board's website; and
2. Inform licensed brokers, in a manner deemed appropriate by the Board, of the broker's ability to designate an agent pursuant to § 54.1-2109 in the event of the broker's death or disability.
1993, c. 958; 2000, c. 759; 2007, cc. 265, 809; 2008, cc. 851, 871; 2011, c. 461; 2014, cc. 24, 705; 2018, cc. 60, 86; 2020, c. 749.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 54.1 - Professions and Occupations › Chapter 21 - Real Estate Brokers, Sales Persons and Rental Location Agents › § 54.1-2105.2. Cease and desist orders for unlicensed activity; civil penalty

A. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Board may issue an order requiring any person to cease and desist from acting as a real estate broker or salesperson when such person is not licensed by the Board in accordance with this chapter. The order shall be effective upon its entry and shall become final unless such person files an appeal with the Board in accordance with the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.) within 21 days of the date of entry of the order.
B. If the person fails to cease and desist the unlicensed activity after entry of an order in accordance with subsection A, the Board may refer the matter for enforcement pursuant to § 54.1-306.
C. Any person engaging in unlicensed activity shall be subject to further proceedings before the Board and the Board may impose a civil penalty not to exceed $1,000 for any real estate transaction or the compensation received from any such real estate transaction, whichever is greater. Any penalties collected under this section shall be paid to the Literary Fund after deduction of the administrative costs of the Board in furtherance of this section.
2005, c. 437.