2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 44. Administration of Estates and Trusts › Article 5. General Provisions as to Fiduciaries › §44-5-3. Appointment of Nonresident; Bond; Service of Notice and Process; Fees; Penalty

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no individual who is a nonresident of this state, nor any banking institution which does not maintain a main office or branch office within this state nor any corporation having its principal office or place of business outside this state, may be appointed or act as executor, administrator, curator, testamentary guardian, guardian or conservator in this state, except that:
(1) An individual who is a nonresident of this state may be appointed ancillary administrator of a nonresident decedent’s assets situate in this state if such nonresident individual is lawfully acting as executor in said decedent’s state of domicile and submits letters of probate authenticated by the probate authorities of the decedent’s state of domicile to the clerk of the county commission of any county of this state wherein ancillary administration is sought;
(2) An individual who is a nonresident of this state may be appointed ancillary administrator of a nonresident decedent’s assets situate in this state if such nonresident individual is acting as administrator in said decedent’s state of domicile and submits letters of administration authenticated by the probate authorities of the decedent’s state of domicile to the clerk of the county commission of any county of this state wherein ancillary administration is sought;
(3) An individual who is a nonresident of this state may be appointed and act as testamentary guardian of a nonresident infant and thereby exercise dominion and control over such nonresident infant’s assets situate in this state upon submission of authenticated documentation that such nonresident testamentary guardian was so appointed at the place of domicile of the nonresident infant. Such authenticated documentation shall be submitted to the clerk of the county commission of any county of this state wherein assets belonging to such nonresident infant are situate;
(4) An individual who is a nonresident of this state and who is named executor by a resident decedent may qualify and act as executor in this state;
(5) An individual who is a nonresident of this state may be appointed and act as administrator of a resident decedent’s assets in this state if appointed in accordance with the provisions of section four, article one of this chapter;
(6) An individual who is a nonresident of this state may be appointed as the testamentary guardian of a resident infant if appointed in accordance with the provisions of section one, article ten of this chapter; and
(7) An individual who is a nonresident of this state may be appointed as guardian or conservator of a resident incompetent: Provided, That such appointment is made in accordance with the provisions of article two, chapter forty-four-a of this code and if such nonresident individual may otherwise qualify as guardian or conservator.
(b) Nonresident individuals enumerated in subsection (a) of this section shall give bond with corporate surety thereon, qualified to do business in this state, and the amount of such bond shall not be less than double the value of the personal assets and double the value of any real property authorized to be sold or double the value of any rents and profits from any real property which the nonresident individual is authorized to receive, except that:
(1) Any nonresident individual enumerated in subsection (a) of this section who is the spouse, parent, sibling, lineal descendent or sole beneficiary of a resident or nonresident decedent shall give bond with corporate surety thereon qualified to do business in this state, with such penalty as may be fixed pursuant to the provisions of sections seven or eight, article one of this chapter, as approved by the clerk of the county commission;
(2) Where the terms of a decedent’s will directs that a nonresident individual enumerated in subdivisions (1), (3), (4) and (6), subsection (a) of this section named in a decedent’s will shall not give bond or give bond at a specified amount, it shall not be required or shall be required only to the extent required under the terms of the will, unless at the time the will is admitted to record or at any time subsequently, on the application of any person interested, or from the knowledge of the commission or clerk admitting the will to record, it is deemed proper that greater bond be given.
(c) When a nonresident individual is appointed as executor, administrator, testamentary guardian, guardian or conservator pursuant to the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, said individual thereby constitutes the clerk of the county commission wherein such appointment was made as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact upon whom may be served all notices and process in any action or proceeding against him or her as executor, administrator, testamentary guardian, guardian or conservator or with respect to such estate, and such qualification shall be a manifestation of said nonresident individual’s agreement that any notice or process, which is served in the manner hereinafter provided in this subsection, shall be of the same legal force and validity as though such nonresident was personally served with notice and process within this state. Service shall be made by leaving the original and two copies of any notice or process together with a fee of $5 with the clerk of such county commission. The fee of $5 shall be deposited with the county treasurer. Such clerk shall thereupon endorse upon one copy thereof the day and hour of service and shall file such copy in his or her office and such service shall constitute personal service upon such nonresident: Provided, That the other copy of such notice or process shall be forthwith sent by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, deliver to addressee only, by said clerk or to such nonresident at the address last furnished by him or her to said clerk and either: (1) Such nonresident’s return receipt signed by him or her; or (2) the registered or certified mail bearing thereon the stamp of the post office department showing that delivery therefore was refused by such nonresident is appended to the original notice or process filed therewith in the office of the clerk of the county commission from which such notice or process was issued. No notice or process may be served on such clerk of the county commission or accepted by him or her less than thirty days before the return date thereof. The clerk of such county commission shall keep a record in his or her office of all such notices and processes and the day and hour of service thereof. The provision for service of notice or process herein provided is cumulative and nothing herein contained shall be construed as bar to service by publication where proper or the service of notice or process in any other lawful mode or manner.
(d) The personal estate of a resident decedent, infant or incompetent may not be removed from this state until the inventory or appraisement of that resident decedent’s, infant’s or incompetent’s assets have been filed and any new or additional bond required to satisfy the penalty specified in subsection (b) of this section has been furnished. The liability of a nonresident executor, administrator, testamentary guardian, guardian or conservator and of any such surety shall be joint and several and a civil action on any such bond may be instituted and maintained against the surety, notwithstanding any other provision of this code to the contrary, even though no civil action has been instituted against such nonresident.
(e) Any such nonresident who removes from this state assets administered in and situate in this state without complying with the provisions of this section, the provisions of article eleven of this chapter or any other requirement pertaining to fiduciaries generally, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $1,000 or confined in the county jail for not more than one year, or, in the discretion of the court, by both such fine and confinement.
(f) If a nonresident appointed pursuant to subsection (a) of this section fails or refuses to file an accounting required by this chapter, and the failure continues for two months after the due date, he or she may, upon notice and hearing, be removed or subjected to any other appropriate order by the county commission, and if his or her failure or refusal to account continues for six months, he or she shall be removed by the county commission.