reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-434. Conviction of or judgment against resident in another jurisdiction

The Commissioner shall suspend or revoke the license and registration certificate and plates of any resident of the Commonwealth upon receiving notice of his conviction, in a court of competent jurisdiction of the Commonwealth, any other state of the United States, the United States, Canada or its provinces or any territorial subdivision of such state or country, of an offense therein which, if committed in the Commonwealth, would be grounds for the suspension or revocation of the license granted to him or registration of any motor vehicle registered in his name. No suspension or revocation under this subsection shall continue for a longer period than it would have, had the offense been committed in the Commonwealth, provided the person gives proof of his financial responsibility in the future for the period provided in § 46.2-412.
The Commissioner shall take like action upon receipt of notice that a resident of the Commonwealth has failed, for a period of thirty days, to satisfy any final judgment in amount and upon a cause of action as stated herein, rendered against him in a court of competent jurisdiction of any other state of the United States, the United States, Canada or its provinces, or any territorial subdivision of such state or country.
Code 1950, § 46-454; 1950, p. 888; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-466; 1988, c. 860; 1989, c. 727; 1992, c. 109; 1997, c. 486.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-435. Proof of financial responsibility to be furnished for each vehicle

Proof of financial responsibility in the amounts required by this chapter shall be furnished for each motor vehicle registered by the person required to furnish such proof.
Code 1950, § 46-455; 1954, c. 378; 1958, cc. 501, 541, § 46.1-467; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-436. Methods of proving financial responsibility

Proof of financial responsibility when required under this chapter may be given by proof that:
1. A policy or policies of motor vehicle liability insurance have been obtained and are in full force;
2. A bond has been duly executed;
3. A deposit has been made of money or securities; or
4. A self-insurance certificate has been filed, all as provided in this chapter.
Code 1950, § 46-456; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-468; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-437. Proof of financial responsibility by owner in lieu of driver

When the Commissioner finds that any person required to give proof of financial responsibility under this title is or later becomes a driver, however designated, or a member of the immediate family or household, in the employ or home of an owner of a motor vehicle, the Commissioner shall accept proof of financial responsibility given by the owner in lieu of proof of financial responsibility by such person to permit him to operate a motor vehicle for which the owner has given proof of financial responsibility as provided in this chapter. The Commissioner shall designate the restrictions imposed by this section on the face of the person's driver's license.
Code 1950, § 46-457; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-469; 1972, c. 638; 1984, c. 780; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-438. Proof by owner of vehicles operated under permit or certificate of State Corporation Commission or Department of Motor Vehicles

If the owner of a motor vehicle is one whose vehicles are operated under a permit or a certificate of convenience and necessity issued by the State Corporation Commission or the Department, proof by the owner on behalf of another as provided by this chapter may be made if there is filed with the Commissioner satisfactory evidence that the owner has complied with the law with respect to his liability for damage caused by the operation of his vehicles by providing the required insurance or other security or has qualified as a self-insurer as described in § 46.2-368.
Code 1950, § 46-458; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-470; 1989, c. 727; 1997, c. 283.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-439. Certificate of insurance carrier

Proof of financial responsibility, when requested, shall be made by filing with the Commissioner the written certificate of any insurance carrier authorized to do business in the Commonwealth, certifying that there is in effect a motor vehicle liability policy for the benefit of the person required to furnish proof of financial responsibility. This certificate shall give its effective date and the effective date of the policy.
Code 1950, § 46-459; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-471; 1972, c. 380; 1976, c. 143; 1988, c. 860; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-440. Certificate for nonresident may be by carrier not qualified in Commonwealth

A nonresident owner of a vehicle not registered in Virginia may give proof of financial responsibility by filing with the Commissioner a written certificate or certificates of an insurance carrier not authorized to transact business in the Commonwealth but authorized to transact business in any other state, any territory or possession of the United States and under its exclusive control, Canada or its provinces, or the territorial subdivisions of such states or countries, in which any motor vehicle described in the certificate and all replacement vehicles of similar classification are registered or, if the nonresident does not own a motor vehicle, then in the like jurisdiction in which the insured resides and otherwise conforming to the provisions of this chapter. The Commissioner shall accept the same if the insurance carrier, in addition to having complied with all other provisions of this chapter as requisite, shall:
1. Execute a power of attorney authorizing the Commissioner to accept service on its behalf of notice or process in any action arising out of a motor vehicle accident in the Commonwealth;
2. Duly adopt a resolution, which shall be binding upon it, declaring that its policies are to be deemed to be modified to comply with the law of the Commonwealth and the terms of this chapter relating to the terms of motor vehicle liability policies issued herein;
3. Agree to accept as final and binding the judgment of any court of competent jurisdiction in the Commonwealth from which judgment no appeal is or can be taken, duly rendered in any action arising out of a motor vehicle accident;
4. Deposit with the State Treasurer cash or securities as are mentioned in § 46.2-453 or the surety bond of a company authorized to do business in Virginia equal in value to $60,000 for each insurance policy filed as proof of financial responsibility.
Code 1950, § 46-460; 1954, c. 378; 1958, cc. 501, 541, § 46.1-472; 1968, c. 685; 1972, c. 433; 1975, c. 382; 1976, c. 143; 1978, c. 220; 1989, cc. 621, 727; 1993, c. 164; 1995, c. 121.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-441. Nonresident may file proof of future financial responsibility of insurance company or other state-authorized entity providing insurance

Notwithstanding the requirement of §§ 46.2-439 and 46.2-440, a nonresident required to file proof of future financial responsibility under this chapter may file proof of future financial responsibility of an insurance company or other state-authorized entity providing insurance and authorized or licensed to do business in the nonresident's state of residence as long as such proof of future financial responsibility is in the amounts equal to those required by § 46.2-472.
Code 1950, § 46-461; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-473; 1989, c. 727; 1995, c. 121.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-442. Default of foreign insurance carrier

If any insurance carrier not authorized to do business in the Commonwealth which is qualified to furnish proof of financial responsibility defaults in any of its undertakings or agreements, the Commissioner shall not thereafter accept any certificate of that carrier so long as the default continues and shall revoke licenses previously granted on the basis of its policies unless the default is immediately repaired.
Code 1950, § 46-462; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-474; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-443. Chapter not applicable to certain policies of insurance

This chapter does not apply to:
1. Policies of automobile insurance against liability which may now or hereafter be required by any other law of the Commonwealth and such policies if endorsed to the requirements of this chapter shall be accepted as proof of financial responsibility when required under this chapter; or
2. Policies insuring solely the insured named in the policy against liability resulting from the maintenance, use, or operation by persons in the insured's employ or in his behalf of motor vehicles not owned by the insured.
Code 1950, § 46-463; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-475; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-444. Surety requirements of bond

The bond mentioned in subdivision 2 of § 46.2-436 shall be duly executed by the person giving proof and by a surety company duly authorized to transact business in the Commonwealth or by the person giving proof and by one or more individual sureties owning real estate within the Commonwealth and having an equity therein in at least the amount of the bond and the real estate shall be scheduled in the bond. But the Commissioner may not accept any real estate bond unless it is first approved by the circuit court of the jurisdiction wherein the real estate is located.
Code 1950, § 46-465; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-476; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-445. How bond to be conditioned

The Commissioner shall not accept any bond unless it is conditioned for payments in amounts and under the same circumstances as would be required in a motor vehicle liability policy furnished by the person giving proof.
Code 1950, § 46-466; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-477; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-446. Notice to Commissioner prerequisite to cancellation of bond; cancellation not to affect rights arising prior thereto

No bond shall be cancelled unless twenty days' prior written notice of cancellation is given the Commissioner, but cancellation of the bond shall not prevent recovery thereon with respect to any right or cause of action arising prior to the date of cancellation.
Code 1950, § 46-467; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-478; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-447. Bond to constitute lien on real estate of surety

A bond with individual sureties shall constitute a lien in favor of the Commonwealth on the real estate of any individual surety. The lien shall exist in favor of any holder of any final judgment against the principal on account of damage to property or injury to or death of any person or persons resulting from the ownership, maintenance, use, or operation of his, or any other, motor vehicle, upon the recording of the bond in the office of the clerk of the court where deeds are admitted to record of the city or county where the real estate is located.
Code 1950, § 46-468; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-479; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-448. Notice of cancellation; record; fees

Notice of cancellation is to be signed by the Commissioner or by someone designated by him and the seal of the Department placed thereon. Notwithstanding any other provision of law the clerk shall record the notice in the books kept for the recording of deeds and shall index the same in the indices thereto for grantors and grantees, under the respective names of the individual sureties in the column for grantors, and the Commonwealth of Virginia in the column for grantees, for which he shall receive two dollars and fifty cents to be paid by the principal in full payment of all services in connection with the recordation and release of the bond. The clerk shall place on the notice a statement showing the time of recording and the book and page of recording and return the notice to the Commissioner.
Code 1950, § 46-469; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-480; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-449. Cancellation of bond with individual sureties; certificates of cancellation

When a bond with individual sureties filed with the Commissioner is no longer required under this chapter, the Commissioner shall, on request, cancel it as to liability for damage to property or injury to or death of any person or persons thereafter caused and when a bond has been cancelled by the Commissioner or otherwise he shall, on request, furnish a certificate of the cancellation signed by him or by someone designated by him and bearing the seal of the Department. The certificate, notwithstanding any other provision of law, may be recorded in the office of the clerk of the court in which the bond was admitted to record.
Code 1950, § 46-470; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-481; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-450. Order discharging lien of bond

On satisfactory proof that the bond filed with the Commissioner as provided for in this chapter has been cancelled and that there are no claims or judgments against the principal in the bond on account of damage to property or injury to or death of any person or persons resulting from the ownership, maintenance, use, or operation of a motor vehicle of the principal caused while the bond was in effect, the court in which the bond was admitted to record may enter an order discharging the lien of the bond on the real estate of the sureties thereon, upon their petition and at their proper cost.
Code 1950, § 46-471; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-482; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-451. Action or suit on bond

If a final judgment rendered against the principal on the bond filed with the Commissioner as provided in this chapter is not satisfied within fifteen days after its rendition, the judgment creditor may, for his own use and benefit and at his sole expense, bring an action on the bond in the name of the Commonwealth against the company or persons executing the bond.
Code 1950, § 46-472; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-483; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-452. Parties to suit on bond with individual sureties

When the sureties on the bond filed with the Commissioner as provided in this chapter are individuals the judgment creditor may proceed against any or all parties to the bond at law for a judgment or in equity for a decree and foreclosure of the lien on the real estate of the sureties. The proceeding whether at law or in equity may be against one, all, or any intermediate number of the parties to the bond and when less than all are joined other or others may be impleaded in the same proceeding and after final judgment or decree other proceedings may be instituted until full satisfaction is obtained.
Code 1950, § 46-473; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-484; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-453. Proof of financial responsibility by delivering cash or securities

A person may give proof of financial responsibility by delivering to the Commissioner cash or securities equal to the sum of the liability coverage required for bodily injury or death of two or more persons in any one accident and injury to or destruction of property of others in any one accident as prescribed by § 46.2-472. Securities so deposited shall be such as public bodies may invest in according to § 2.2-4500.
Code 1950, § 46-474; 1954, c. 378; 1958, cc. 501, 541, § 46.1-485; 1968, c. 685; 1978, c. 220; 1980, c. 484; 1986, c. 16; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-454. Moneys or securities to be deposited with State Treasurer subject to execution

All moneys or securities delivered to the Commissioner pursuant to this chapter shall be placed by him in the custody of the State Treasurer and shall be subject to execution to satisfy any judgment within the limits on amounts required by this chapter for motor vehicle liability insurance policies. The State Treasurer shall certify the value of such moneys or securities to the Commissioner as soon as practicable after their delivery to him.
Code 1950, § 46-475; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-486; 1986, c. 16; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-455. Assessment for expense of holding deposits

For the purpose of defraying the expense of the safekeeping and handling of the cash or securities deposited with him under the provisions of this title, in December of each year the State Treasurer shall levy against each person having cash or securities deposited with him an assessment of not more than one-tenth of one percent of the cash or of the par value of the securities deposited to his account, and shall collect the assessment in January of each year. These funds shall be deposited to the general fund of the state treasury. If any assessment is not paid by January 31 of each year, the State Treasurer shall so notify the Commissioner in writing, attaching thereto a dated copy of the original assessment.
1986, c. 16, § 46.1-486.1; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-456. Additional security if fund impaired by any legal process, or otherwise

Whenever the moneys or securities are subjected to attachment, garnishment, execution, or other legal process or are otherwise depleted or threatened with depletion or impairment in amount or value the depositor must immediately furnish additional moneys or securities, free from lien, claim, or threat of impairment, in sufficient amount or value fully to comply with the requirements of this chapter.
The Treasurer shall notify the Commissioner promptly of any depletion, impairment, or decrease or of any legal threat of depletion, impairment, or decrease in the value of the securities or in the moneys on deposit with him under the provisions of this chapter.
Code 1950, § 46-476; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-487; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-457. Substitution of new proof; cancellation or return of old

The Commissioner may cancel any bond or return any certificate of insurance and on the substitution and acceptance by him of other adequate proof of financial responsibility pursuant to this chapter, and on his direction to such effect the State Treasurer shall return any money or securities on deposit with him to the person entitled to it.
Code 1950, § 46-477; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-488; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-458. Interpleader to determine rights in deposits; other proceedings

The Commissioner and the State Treasurer, or either, may proceed in equity by bill of interpleader for the determination of any dispute as to ownership of or rights in any deposit held by the State Treasurer pursuant to this chapter and may have recourse to any other appropriate proceeding for determination of any question that arises as to their rights or liabilities or as to the rights or liabilities of the Commonwealth under this chapter.
Code 1950, § 46-478; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-489; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-459. When other proof of financial responsibility required; suspension of license pending furnishing of proof required

Whenever any proof of financial responsibility filed by any person under this chapter no longer fulfills the purpose for which required, the Commissioner shall require other proof of financial responsibility as required by this chapter and shall suspend the person's driver's license, registration cards and license plates pending the furnishing of proof as required.
Nonpayment of the assessment provided for in § 46.2-455 shall also be reason for suspension of the driver's license, registration cards and license plates of a person offering cash or securities as proof of financial responsibility under this chapter. The suspension shall be promptly initiated by the Commissioner on receipt of written notice of nonpayment of the assessment from the State Treasurer and shall take effect ten days from the date of a written notice sent by the Commissioner to the person by first-class mail, the notice to notify the person of the forthcoming suspension if payment is not received within the ten-day period.
Code 1950, § 46-479; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-490; 1984, c. 780; 1986, c. 16; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-460. When Commissioner to consent to cancellation of bond or policy, or return of money or securities

The Commissioner, on request and subject to the provisions of § 46.2-461, shall consent to the cancellation of any bond or insurance policy or to the return to the person entitled thereto of any money or securities deposited pursuant to this chapter as proof of financial responsibility or he shall not require proof of financial responsibility in the event:
1. Of the death of the person on whose behalf the proof was filed;
2. Of his permanent incapacity to operate a motor vehicle; or
3. That the person who has given proof of financial responsibility surrenders his driver's license, and all of his registration cards, and license plates to the Commissioner.
Code 1950, § 46-480; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-491; 1984, c. 780; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-461. When Commissioner not to release proof of financial responsibility; affidavit of nonexistence of facts

A. Notwithstanding the provisions of § 46.2-460 the Commissioner shall not release the proof in the event:
1. Any action for damages upon a liability included in this chapter is then pending;
2. Any judgment on any liability is then outstanding and unsatisfied; or
3. The Commissioner has received notice that the person involved has within the period of twelve months immediately preceding been involved as a driver in any motor vehicle accident.
B. An affidavit of the applicant of the nonexistence of these facts shall be sufficient evidence thereof in the absence of evidence in the records of the Department tending to indicate the contrary.
Code 1950, § 46-481; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-492; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-462. New license or registration to person to whom proof surrendered

Whenever any person to whom proof has been surrendered as provided in § 46.2-460 applies for a driver's license or the registration of a motor vehicle, the application shall be refused unless the applicant reestablishes proof as required by this chapter.
Code 1950, § 46-482; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-493; 1984, c. 780; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-463. Penalty for forging evidence of financial responsibility

Any person who forges or without authority signs any evidence of ability to respond in damages or knowingly attempts to employ or use any evidence of ability to respond in damages, as required by the Commissioner in the administration of this chapter shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.
Code 1950, § 46-485; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-496; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-464. Application for assignment of risk to insurance carrier

Every person who has been unable to obtain a motor vehicle liability policy shall have the right to apply to the State Corporation Commission to have his risk assigned to an insurance carrier licensed to write and writing motor vehicle liability insurance in the Commonwealth and the insurance carrier, whether a stock or mutual company, reciprocal, or interinsurance exchange, or other type or form of insurance organization, as provided in this article shall issue a motor vehicle liability policy which will meet at least the minimum requirements for establishing financial responsibility as provided in this chapter, and in addition shall provide, at the option of the insured, reasonable motor vehicle physical damage and medical payments coverages, (both as defined in § 38.2-124) in the same policy.
Every person who has otherwise obtained a motor vehicle liability insurance policy, or who has been afforded motor vehicle liability insurance under the provisions of § 38.2-2015, but who was not afforded motor vehicle medical payments insurance or motor vehicle physical damage insurance in the same policy, or who was not afforded such coverages under the provisions of that section, shall have the right to apply to the Commission to have his risk assigned to an insurance carrier, as provided above, licensed to write and writing either or both coverages, and the insurance carrier shall issue a policy providing the coverage or coverages applied for.
Code 1950, § 46-486; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-497; 1972, c. 842; 1974, c. 88; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-465. Optional coverage for persons occupying insured motor vehicle and for named insured and his family

Once an assigned risk policy has been issued to an insured, every insurer licensed in the Commonwealth issuing or delivering any policy or contract of bodily injury liability insurance, or of property damage liability insurance, covering liability arising from the ownership, maintenance, or use of any motor vehicle shall provide on request of the insured, on payment of premium established by law for the coverage (i) to the named insured and, while resident of the named insured's household, the spouse and relatives of the named insured while occupying a motor vehicle or if struck by a motor vehicle while not occupying a motor vehicle; and (ii) to persons occupying the insured motor vehicle, the following health care and disability benefit for each accident:
1. Medical and chiropractic payments (accident insurance as defined in Article 2, § 38.2-101 et seq. of Chapter 1 of Title 38.2) coverages incurred within two years after the date of the accident, up to $2,000 per person;
2. If the person is usually engaged in a remunerative occupation, an amount equal to the loss of income incurred within one year after the date of the accident resulting from injuries received in the accident up to $100 per week during the period from the first work day lost as a result of the accident up to the date on which the person is able to return to his usual occupation and for a period not to exceed fifty-two weeks or any part thereof; and
3. The insured has the option of purchasing either or both of the coverages set forth in subdivisions 1 and 2 of this section.
1972, c. 859, § 46.1-497.1; 1973, c. 294; 1977, c. 112; 1982, c. 450; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-466. Regulations for assignment, rate classifications, and schedules

The Commission may make reasonable regulations for the assignment of risks to insurance carriers.
It shall establish rate classifications, rating schedules, rates, and regulations to be used by insurance carriers issuing assigned risk, policies of motor vehicle liability, physical damage, and medical payments insurance in accordance with this chapter as appear to it to be proper.
In the establishment of rate classifications, rating schedules, rates, and regulations, it shall be guided by the principles and practices which have been established under its statutory authority to regulate motor vehicle liability, physical damage, and medical payments insurance rates and it may act in conformity with its statutory discretionary authority in such matters.
Code 1950, § 46-487; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-498; 1972, c. 842; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-467. Action within power of Commission

The Commission may, in its discretion, after reviewing all information pertaining to the applicant or policyholder available from its records, the records of the Department or from other sources:
1. Refuse to assign an application;
2. Approve the rejection of an application by an insurance carrier;
3. Approve the cancellation of a policy of motor vehicle liability, physical damage, and medical payments insurance by an insurance carrier; or
4. Refuse to approve the renewal or the reassignment of an expiring policy.
Code 1950, § 46-488; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-499; 1972, c. 842; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-468. Information filed with Commission by insurance carrier confidential

Any information filed with the Commission by an insurance carrier in connection with an assigned risk shall be confidential and solely for the information of the Commission and its staff and shall not be disclosed to any person, including an applicant, policyholder, and any other insurance carrier.
Code 1950, § 46-489; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-500; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-469. Commission not required to disclose reasons for action; liability of Commission for act or omission

A. The Commission shall not be required to disclose to any person, including the applicant or policyholder, its reasons for:
1. Refusing to assign an application;
2. Approving the rejection of an application by an insurance carrier;
3. Approving the cancellation of a policy of motor vehicle liability, physical damage, and medical payments insurance by an insurance carrier; or
4. Refusing to approve the renewal or the reassignment of an expiring policy.
B. The Commission or anyone acting for it shall not be held liable for any act or omission in connection with the administration of the duties imposed upon it by the provisions of this chapter, except upon proof of actual malfeasance.
Code 1950, § 46-490; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-501; 1972, c. 842; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-470. Assignment of risks for nonresidents

The provisions of this chapter relevant to assignment of risks shall be available to nonresidents who are unable to obtain a policy of motor vehicle liability, physical damage, and medical payments insurance with respect only to motor vehicles registered and used in the Commonwealth.
Code 1950, § 46-491; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-502; 1972, c. 842; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-471. Assignment of risks for certain carriers

Notwithstanding the provisions of § 46.2-366, the provisions of this chapter relating to assignment of risks shall be available to carriers by motor vehicle who are required by law to carry public liability and property damage insurance for the protection of the public.
Code 1950, § 46-491.1; 1954, c. 345; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-503; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-472. Coverage of owner's policy

A. For all policies effective on or after January 1, 2022, but prior to January 1, 2025, every motor vehicle owner's policy shall:
1. Designate by explicit description or by appropriate reference, all motor vehicles with respect to which coverage is intended to be granted.
2. Insure as insured the person named and any other person using or responsible for the use of the motor vehicle or motor vehicles with the permission of the named insured.
3. Insure the insured or other person against loss from any liability imposed by law for damages, including damages for care and loss of services, because of bodily injury to or death of any person, and injury to or destruction of property caused by accident and arising out of the ownership, use, or operation of such motor vehicle or motor vehicles within the Commonwealth, any other state in the United States, or Canada, subject to a limit exclusive of interest and costs, with respect to each motor vehicle, of $30,000 because of bodily injury to or death of one person in any one accident and, subject to the limit for one person, to a limit of $60,000 because of bodily injury to or death of two or more persons in any one accident, and to a limit of $20,000 because of injury to or destruction of property of others in any one accident.
B. For all policies effective on or after January 1, 2025, every motor vehicle owner's policy shall:
1. Designate, by explicit description or appropriate reference, all motor vehicles with respect to which coverage is intended to be granted.
2. Insure as insured the person named and any other person using or responsible for the use of the motor vehicle or vehicles with the permission of the named insured.
3. Insure the insured or other person against loss from any liability imposed by law for damages, including damages for care and loss of services, because of bodily injury to or death of any person, and injury to or destruction of property caused by an accident and arising out of the ownership, use, or operation of such motor vehicle or vehicles within the Commonwealth, any other state in the United States, or Canada, subject to a limit exclusive of interest and costs, with respect to each motor vehicle, of $50,000 because of bodily injury to or death of one person in any one accident and, subject to the limit for one person, to a limit of $100,000 because of bodily injury to or death of two or more persons in any one accident, and to a limit of $25,000 because of injury to or destruction of property of others in any one accident.
Code 1950, § 46-492; 1954, c. 378; 1958, cc. 501, 541, § 46.1-504; 1968, c. 685; 1972, c. 433; 1975, c. 382; 1978, c. 550; 1989, cc. 621, 727; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 273.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-473. Coverage of driver's policy

Every driver's policy shall insure the person named therein as insured against loss from the liability imposed upon him by law for damages, including damages for care and loss of services, because of bodily injury to or death of any person, and injury to or destruction of property arising out of the use by him of any motor vehicle not owned by him, within the territorial limits and subject to the limits of liability set forth with respect to a motor vehicle owner's policy.
Code 1950, § 46-493; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-505; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-474. Policy must contain certain agreement; additional coverage

Every policy of insurance subject to the provisions of this chapter:
1. Shall contain an agreement that the insurance is provided in accordance with the coverage defined in this chapter as respects bodily injury, death, property damage, and destruction and that it is subject to all the provisions of this chapter and of the laws of the Commonwealth relating to this kind of insurance; and
2. May grant any lawful coverage in excess of or in addition to the coverage herein specified and this excess or additional coverage shall not be subject to the provisions of this chapter but shall be subject to other applicable laws of the Commonwealth.
Code 1950, § 46-494; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-506; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-475. Policy must comply with law

No policy required under this chapter shall be issued or delivered in the Commonwealth unless it complies with §§ 38.2-2218 through 38.2-2225, with all other applicable and not inconsistent laws of the Commonwealth, and with the terms and conditions of this chapter.
Code 1950, § 46-495; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-507; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-476. Liability covered by workers' compensation law

Policies issued under this chapter shall not insure any liability of the employer on account of bodily injury to, or death of, an employee of the insured for which benefits are payable under any workers' compensation law.
Code 1950, § 46-496; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-508; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-477. When chapter applicable to policy

This chapter shall not apply to any policy of insurance except as to liability thereunder incurred after certification thereof as proof of financial responsibility.
Code 1950, § 46-496.1; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-509; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-478. Several policies together meeting requirements of chapter

Several policies of one or more insurance carriers which together meet the requirements of this chapter shall be deemed a motor vehicle liability policy within the meaning of this chapter.
Code 1950, § 46-497; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-510; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-479. Provisions to which every policy shall be subject but need not contain

Every policy shall be subject to the following provisions which need not be contained therein:
1. The liability of any insurance carrier to the insured under a policy becomes absolute when loss or damage covered by the policy occurs and the satisfaction by the insured of a judgment for the loss or damage shall not be a condition precedent to the right or duty of the carrier to make payment on account of the loss or damage;
2. No policy shall be cancelled or annulled, as respects any loss or damage, by any agreement between the carrier and the insured after the insured has become responsible for the loss or damage and any attempted cancellation or annulment shall be void;
3. If the death of the insured occurs after the insured has become liable, during the policy period, for loss or damage covered by the policy, the policy shall not be terminated by the death with respect to the liability and the insurance carrier shall be liable hereunder as though death had not occurred;
4. On the recovery of a judgment against any person for loss or damage, if the person or the decedent he represents was at the accrual of the cause of action insured against the liability under the policy, the judgment creditor shall be entitled to have the insurance money applied to the satisfaction of the judgment;
5. If the death, insolvency, or bankruptcy of the insured occurs within the policy period, the policy during the unexpired portion of the period shall cover the legal representatives of the insured; and
6. No statement made by the insured or on his behalf and no violation of the terms of the policy shall operate to defeat or avoid the policy so as to bar recovery within the limits provided in this chapter.
Code 1950, § 46-498; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-511; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-480. Reimbursement of carrier and proration of insurance

Any policy may provide:
1. That the insured, or any other person covered by the policy, shall reimburse the insurance carrier for payments made on account of any accident, claim, or suit involving a breach of the terms, provisions, or conditions of the policy; or
2. For proration of the insurance with other applicable valid and collectible insurance.
Code 1950, § 46-499; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-512; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-481. Binder or endorsement in lieu of policy

Insurance carriers authorized to issue policies as provided in this chapter may, pending the issuance of the policy, execute an agreement to be known as a binder, which shall not be valid beyond sixty days from the date it becomes effective, or may, in lieu of a policy, issue an endorsement to an existing policy, each of which shall be construed to provide indemnity or protection in like manner and to the same extent as a formal policy. The provisions of this chapter apply to these binders and endorsements.
Code 1950, § 46-500; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-513; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-482. Notification of cancellation or termination of certified policy

When any insurance policy certified under this chapter is cancelled or terminated, the insurer shall report the fact to the Commissioner within fifteen days after the cancellation on a form prescribed by the Commissioner.
1976, c. 259, § 46.1-513.2; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-484. Department of Motor Vehicles to be "licensing authority" within meaning of compact; duties of Department

As used in the compact, the term "licensing authority" with reference to this Commonwealth shall mean the Department of Motor Vehicles. The Department shall furnish to the appropriate authorities of any other party state any information or documents reasonably necessary to facilitate the administration of Articles III, IV, and V of the compact.
1968, c. 166, § 46.1-167.9; 1989, c. 727 .
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-485. Compensation and expenses of compact administrator

The compact administrator provided for in Article VII of the compact shall not be entitled to any additional compensation on account of his service as such administrator, but shall be entitled to expenses incurred in connection with his duties and responsibilities as such administrator, in the same manner as for expenses incurred in connection with any other duties or responsibilities of his office or employment.
1968, c. 166, § 46.1-167.10; 1989, c. 727 .
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-486. Governor to be "executive head" within meaning of compact

As used in the compact, with reference to the Commonwealth, the term "executive head" shall mean the Governor.
1968, c. 166, § 46.1-167.11; 1989, c. 727 .
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-487. Statutes and ordinances deemed to cover offenses specified in subdivision (a) of Article IV of compact

For the purposes of complying with subdivisions (a) and (c) of Article IV of the compact, the following sections of the Code of Virginia and county, city, or town ordinances substantially paralleling such sections shall be deemed to cover the offenses of subdivision (a) of Article IV: With respect to subdivision (2), §§ 18.2-266 and 46.2-341.24 A; with respect to subdivision (4), §§ 46.2-894 through 46.2-899 subject to the limitation that the accident resulted in the death or personal injury of another; with respect to subdivisions (1) and (3), the Department shall determine which offenses are covered in the same manner as under § 46.2-389.
1968, c. 166, § 46.1-167.12; 1989, c. 727; 1994, c. 255.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-488. Question to be included in application for driver's license; surrender of license issued by another party state

For the purpose of enforcing subdivision (3) of Article V of this compact, the Department shall include as part of the form for application for a driver's license under § 46.2-323 a question whether the applicant is currently licensed in another state and shall, if the applicant is so licensed, require the surrender of such license prior to the granting of such application in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.
1968, c. 166, § 46.1-167.13; 1984, c. 780; 1989, c. 727 .
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-489. Regulations; appeals

The Commissioner may, subject to the provisions of § 46.2-203, promulgate regulations which he deems necessary to carry out the provisions of this article.
Any person receiving an order of the Commissioner to suspend or revoke his driver's license or licensing privilege or to require attendance at a driver improvement clinic or placing him on probation may, within thirty days from the date of the order, file a petition of appeal in accordance with § 46.2-410.
1974, c. 453, § 46.1-514.2; 1989, c. 727; 1995, c. 672.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-490. (Effective until July 1, 2024) Establishment of driver improvement clinic program; application fees

A. The Commissioner shall, in his discretion, contract with such entities as the Commissioner deems fit, including private or governmental entities, to develop curricula for a statewide driver improvement clinic program. Such program shall include instruction concerning but not limited to (i) alcohol and drug abuse, (ii) aggressive driving, (iii) distracted driving, (iv) motorcycle awareness, and (v) work zone safety. The driver improvement clinic program shall be established for the purpose of instructing persons identified by the Department and the court system as problem drivers in need of driver improvement education and training and for those drivers interested in improved driving safety. The clinics shall be composed of uniform education and training programs designed for the rehabilitation of problem drivers, and for the purpose of creating a lasting and corrective influence on their driving performance. The clinics shall operate in localities based on their geographical location so as to be reasonably accessible to persons attending these clinics.
B. All businesses, organizations, governmental entities or individuals that want to provide driver improvement clinic instruction as a driver improvement clinic or instructor in the Commonwealth using approved curricula shall apply to the Department to be licensed to do so, based on criteria established by the Department. A nonrefundable annual license application fee of $100 shall be paid to the Department by all such businesses, organizations, governmental entities or individuals. A nonrefundable annual license fee of $25 shall also be paid for each additional clinic location operated by a clinic. A nonrefundable annual license fee of $50 shall be paid to the Department by a person applying for a clinic instructor license. However, neither the annual license fee for each additional clinic location nor the annual license fee for a clinic instructor license shall be required of or collected from the Virginia Association of Volunteer Rescue Squads or its members in connection with clinics that are provided for emergency vehicle operation training. All such application fees collected by the Department shall be paid by the Commissioner into the state treasury and shall be set aside as a special fund to be used to meet the expenses of the Department.
1974, c. 453, § 46.1-514.3; 1989, c. 727; 1995, c. 672; 2002, c. 177; 2004, c. 622; 2007, c. 180.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 3 - Licensure of Drivers › § 46.2-490.1. Section 46.2-391.1 not applicable

The provisions of § 46.2-391.1 shall not apply to any person whose license or other privilege to operate a motor vehicle is suspended or revoked in accordance with the provisions of this article.
1992, c. 109.