2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 19. Agriculture › Article 19. Preservation of Agricultural Production › §19-19-7. Additional Limitations on Nuisance Actions

(a) The provisions of this section are in addition to the limitations on actions brought against an agricultural operation in §19-19-4 of this code, and shall also apply to any nuisance action brought against an agricultural operation in any court of this state.
(b) A person may not file a nuisance action to recover damages in which an agricultural operation is alleged to be a public or private nuisance unless:
(1) He or she is the majority legal land owner;
(2) He or she owns property adversely affected by agricultural operations within one half mile of the agricultural operation; and
(3) The agricultural operation has materially violated a federal, state, or local law applicable to agriculture.
(c) No agricultural operation within this state which has been in operation for a period of more than one year shall be considered a nuisance, either public or private, as the result of a changed condition in or about the locality where such agricultural operation is located. In any nuisance action, public or private, against an agricultural operation or its principals or employees proof that the agricultural operation has existed for one year or more is an absolute defense to the nuisance action, if the operation is in compliance with all applicable state and federal laws, regulations, and permits.
(d) No state or local agency may bring a criminal or civil action against an agricultural operation for an activity that is in material compliance with all applicable state and federal laws, regulations, and permits.
(e) No agricultural operation shall be or become a private or public nuisance if the operators are conducting the agricultural operation in a manner consistent with commonly accepted agricultural practice. If the operation is in material compliance with all applicable state and federal laws, regulations, and permits, it shall be presumed to be conducted in a manner consistent with commonly accepted agricultural practice.
(f) No agricultural operation shall be considered a nuisance, private or public, if the agricultural operation makes a reasonable expansion, so long as the operation is in material compliance with all applicable state and federal laws, regulations, and permits.
(1) For the purpose of this section, a reasonable expansion includes, but is not limited to:
(A) Transfer of the agricultural operation;
(B) Purchase of additional land for the agricultural operation;
(C) Introducing technology to an existing agricultural operation including, but not limited to, new activities, practices, equipment, and procedures consistent with technological development within the agricultural industry;
(D) Applying a Natural Resources Conservation Service program or other United States Department of Agriculture program to an existing or future agricultural operation; or
(E) Any other change that is related and applied to an existing agricultural operation, so long as the change does not affect the agricultural operations compliance with applicable state and federal laws, regulations, and permits.
(2) The reasonable expansion exemption provided by this subsection cannot apply to an expansion that:
(A) Creates a substantially adverse effect upon the environment; or
(B) Creates a hazard to public health and safety.
(g) A requirement of a municipality does not apply to an agricultural operation situated outside of the municipalitys corporate boundaries on the effective date of this chapter. If an agricultural operation is subsequently annexed or otherwise brought within the corporate boundaries of a municipality, the requirements of the municipality do not apply to the agricultural operation.
(h) An agricultural operation is not, nor shall it become, a private or public nuisance after it has been in operation for more than one year, if such operation was not a nuisance at the time the operation began, and the conditions or circumstances complained of as constituting the basis for the nuisance action exist substantially unchanged since the established date of operation. The established date of operation is the date on which an agricultural operation commenced.
(i) The provisions of this section shall not apply in any of the following circumstances:
(1) Whenever a nuisance results from the negligent operation of any such agricultural operation; or
(2) To affect or defeat the right of any person to recover for injuries or damages sustained because of an agricultural operation or portion of an agricultural operation that is conducted in violation of a federal, state, or local statute or governmental requirement that applies to the agricultural operation or portion of agricultural operation.
(j) The protected status of an agricultural operation, once acquired, is assignable, alienable, and inheritable. The protected status of an agricultural operation, once acquired, may not be waived by the temporary cessation of operations or by diminishing the size of the operation.