2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 31A. Banks and Banking › Article 4. Banking Institutions and Services Generally › §31A-4-2. Use of Terms; Unlawfully Engaging in Banking Business; Penalties; Enforcement

(a) No person doing business in this state, except a banking institution, a person authorized by the commissioner under the terms of this section or an insurer licensed pursuant to article three, chapter thirty-three of this code under a name including the terms set forth herein as of December 31, 2003, may use or advertise in connection with such business, or as a designation or title thereof, the term "bank," "banker," "banking," "banking company," "industrial bank," "savings bank" or "trust company" and the Insurance Commissioner shall notify the commissioner of each insurer so licensed. Notwithstanding the foregoing restriction, the term "banker" may be used in (1) the legal name of a real estate franchisor; and (2) the tradename of a real estate brokerage firm who is a current or future franchisee of a real estate franchise system, if in either case the use of the term "banker" stems from a family surname belonging to a principal or former principal of the firm, whether or not such principal or former principal is currently living. No person doing business in this state except a banking institution or a person authorized by the commissioner under this article may engage in the banking or trust business in this state. A nonbanking subsidiary of a bank holding company or a nonbanking subsidiary of a banking institution having a bank branch or bank main office in this state that provides trust services pursuant to section fourteen of this article may use the term "trust company" in its title and advertising. A trust entity owned jointly by federally insured depository institutions located within this state and authorized by the commissioner to operate in this state may use the term "trust company" in its title and advertising.
(b) It is unlawful for any person other than banking institutions, as herein excepted, to advertise or hold himself herself, itself or themselves, as the case may be, out to the public in any manner indicating, directly, indirectly or by implication, that any of them are engaged in the banking or trust business or is authorized and approved to engage therein in this state. A nonbanking subsidiary of a bank holding company or nonbanking subsidiary of a banking institution having a bank branch or bank main office in this state that provides trust services pursuant to section fourteen of this article may hold itself out to the public as engaged in the trust business. A trust entity owned jointly by federally insured depository institutions located within this state and authorized by the commissioner to operate in this state may hold itself out to the public as engaged in the trust business.
(c) The commissioner may authorize a person to use the term "bank," or "banc" in connection with nonprofit organizations or medical businesses where the term would have a common meaning separate and apart from a financial institution and would not result in confusion to the public (e.g., food bank; medical databank); and in connection with bank holding companies or their nonbanking affiliates where the term denotes the entities' common affiliation and would not result in confusion to the public.
(d) Any violation of the provisions of this section is a misdemeanor offense, punishable as provided in section fifteen, article eight of this chapter.
(e) The Commissioner of Banking, or any one or more banking institutions, acting individually or jointly may petition the circuit court of the county in which any violation of the provisions of this section occur or are threatened to occur for injunction or other appropriate judicial remedies for enforcement of the provisions of this section and the prevention of further or continued violations of this section.