reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 2 - Virginia Workers' Compensation Commission › § 65.2-203. Powers and duties of deputy commissioners and bailiffs

A. Deputy commissioners shall have the power to subpoena witnesses, administer oaths, take testimony and hear the parties at issue and their representatives and witnesses, decide the issues in a summary manner, and make an award carrying out the decision. Deputies may exercise other powers and perform any duties of the Commission delegated to them by the Commission.
B. The bailiffs of the Commission shall, in all matters within the jurisdiction of the Commission, have the powers, discharge the functions, and perform the duties of a sheriff under the law. They shall preserve order during the public sessions of the Commission; may make arrests and serve and make return on any writ or process awarded by the Commission; and shall execute any writ, order, or process of execution awarded upon the findings or judgments of the Commission in any matter within its jurisdiction. They shall exercise other powers and perform any duties as may be delegated to them.
Code 1950, §§ 65-10.1, 65-14; 1960, c. 287; 1962, c. 339; 1968, c. 660, §§ 65.1-12, 65.1-13; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 155; 1991, c. 355.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 2 - Virginia Workers' Compensation Commission › § 65.2-204. Administrative provisions: offices, meetings, travel, salary, and expenses

A. The Commission shall be provided with adequate offices in the Capitol or in some other suitable building in the Commonwealth, in which the records shall be kept and its official business transacted during regular business hours. The Commission shall also be provided with necessary office furniture, stationery, and other supplies.
B. The Commission or any member thereof may hold sessions at any place within the Commonwealth as may be deemed necessary by the Commission.
C. All salaries and expenses of the Commission shall be audited and paid out of the state treasury in the manner prescribed for similar expenses in other departments or branches of state government.
Code 1950, §§ 65-12, 65-13, 65-15; 1968, c. 660, §§ 65.1-15 through 65.1-17; 1991, c. 355; 2013, c. 14.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 2 - Virginia Workers' Compensation Commission › § 65.2-205. Ombudsman program; confidentiality

A. The Commission may create an Ombudsman program and appoint an ombudsman to administer such program. The purpose of the Ombudsman program shall be to provide neutral educational information and assistance to persons who are not represented by an attorney, including those persons who have claims pending or docketed before the Commission. The ombudsman shall be an attorney licensed by the Virginia State Bar, in active status, and in good standing. The ombudsman and any Ombudsman program personnel shall carry out their duties with impartiality and shall not serve as an advocate for any person or provide legal advice.
B. All memoranda, work products, and other materials contained in the case files of the ombudsman or Ombudsman program personnel shall be confidential. Any communication between the ombudsman or Ombudsman program personnel and a person receiving assistance as provided by this section that is made during or in connection with the provision of Ombudsman program services, including screening, intake, and scheduling, shall be confidential.
Confidential materials and communications are not subject to disclosure and shall not be admissible in any judicial or administrative proceeding except where (i) a threat to inflict bodily injury is made; (ii) communications are intentionally used to plan, attempt to commit, or commit a crime or conceal an ongoing crime; (iii) a complaint is made against Ombudsman program personnel by a person receiving assistance to the extent necessary for the complainant to prove misconduct or the Ombudsman program personnel to defend against such complaint; or (iv) communications are sought or offered to prove or disprove a claim or complaint of misconduct or malpractice filed against the legal representative of a person who received assistance from the Ombudsman program.
Confidential materials and communications as described in this section are not subject to mandatory disclosure under the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (§ 2.2-3700 et seq.).
C. The ombudsman and Ombudsman program personnel are immune from civil liability in their performance of the duties specified in this section.
2020, c. 616.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 3 - Application and Effect of Title › § 65.2-300. Presumption of acceptance of provisions of title; exemptions; notice and rejection

A. Every employer and employee, except as herein stated, shall be conclusively presumed to have accepted the provisions of this title respectively to pay and accept compensation for personal injury or death by accident arising out of and in the course of the employment and shall be bound thereby. Except as otherwise provided herein, no contract or agreement, written or implied, and no rule, regulation or other device shall in any manner operate to relieve any employer in whole or in part of any obligation created by this title.
B. An executive officer may reject coverage under this title for injury or death by accident, but not with respect to occupational disease, if prior to such accident, notice is given to the employer and filed with the Commission in the manner described herein.
The notice shall be in substantially the form prescribed by the Commission and shall be given by the executive officer by sending the same in a registered letter, addressed to the employer at his last known address or place of business, or by giving it personally to the employer or any of his agents upon whom a summons in a civil action may be served under the laws of the Commonwealth. A copy of the notice in prescribed form shall also be filed with the Commission. Such notice shall be effective as of the last to occur of (i) the date of the inception of the policy or (ii) the delivery of such notice to the employer as provided in this subsection.
C. An executive officer who rejects coverage under this title shall, in any action to recover damages for personal injury or death brought against an employer accepting the compensation provisions of this title, proceed at common law, and the employer may avail himself of the defenses of contributory negligence, negligence of a fellow servant and assumption of risk, as such defenses exist at common law.
D. An executive officer who has rejected coverage under this title may nevertheless by notice revoke such rejection and thereby accept coverage under the provisions of this title. A notice revoking such rejection shall be given to the employer and a copy filed with the Commission in the manner provided for rejecting such coverage. Coverage under this title shall not be extended to injuries that occur within five days of the giving of such notice.
Code 1950, §§ 65-20, 65-22, 65-23, 65-34, 65-40; 1968, c. 660, §§ 65.1-23, 65.1-25, 65.1-26, 65.1-37, 65.1-44; 1972, c. 619; 1973, c. 542; 1991, c. 355; 2000, c. 530.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 3 - Application and Effect of Title › § 65.2-301. Victims of sexual assault

A. Any employee who, in the course of employment, is sexually assaulted, as defined in §§ 18.2-61, 18.2-67.1, 18.2-67.3, or § 18.2-67.4, and promptly reports the assault to the appropriate law-enforcement authority, where the nature of such employment substantially increases the risk of such assault, upon a proper showing of damages compensable under this title, shall be deemed to have suffered an injury arising out of the employment and shall have a valid claim for workers' compensation benefits.
B. Notwithstanding the provisions of this title, an employee who is sexually assaulted and can identify the attacker may elect to pursue an action-at-law against the attacker, even if the attacker is the assaulted employee's employer or co-employee, for full damages resulting from such assault in lieu of pursuing benefits under this title, and upon repayment of any benefits received under this title.
C. Nothing in this title shall create a remedy for sexual harassment nor shall this title bar any action at law, that might otherwise exist, by an employee who is sexually harassed.
1982, c. 303, § 65.1-23.1; 1986, c. 395; 1988, c. 635; 1991, c. 355; 1992, c. 469.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 3 - Application and Effect of Title › § 65.2-301.1. Public safety officers

In situations where weather constitutes a particular risk of a public safety officer's employment and where the public safety officer's injury arose out of and in the course of his employment, absent a misconduct defense asserted pursuant to § 65.2-306, such injury shall be compensable under this title. As used in this section, "public safety officer" shall have the meaning ascribed to it in § 9.1-801.
2013, cc. 174, 458.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 3 - Application and Effect of Title › § 65.2-301.2. Employee classification; disaster; personal protective equipment not considered

A. For the purposes of this section, the terms "communicable disease of public health threat," "disaster," and "state of emergency" have the same meaning as provided in § 44-146.16.
B. In any proceeding under the provisions of this title, a hiring party providing an individual with personal protective equipment in response to a disaster caused by a communicable disease of public health threat for which a state of emergency has been declared pursuant to § 44-146.17 shall not be considered in any determination regarding whether such individual is an employee or independent contractor.
2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 448.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 3 - Application and Effect of Title › § 65.2-302. Statutory employer

A. When any person (referred to in this section as "owner") undertakes to perform or execute any work which is a part of his trade, business or occupation and contracts with any other person (referred to in this section as "subcontractor") for the execution or performance by or under such subcontractor of the whole or any part of the work undertaken by such owner, the owner shall be liable to pay to any worker employed in the work any compensation under this title which he would have been liable to pay if the worker had been immediately employed by him.
B. When any person (referred to in this section as "contractor") contracts to perform or execute any work for another person which work or undertaking is not a part of the trade, business or occupation of such other person and contracts with any other person (referred to in this section as "subcontractor") for the execution or performance by or under the subcontractor of the whole or any part of the work undertaken by such contractor, then the contractor shall be liable to pay to any worker employed in the work any compensation under this title which he would have been liable to pay if that worker had been immediately employed by him.
C. When the subcontractor in turn contracts with still another person (also referred to as "subcontractor") for the performance or execution by or under such last subcontractor of the whole or any part of the work undertaken by the first subcontractor, then the liability of the owner or contractor shall be the same as the liability imposed by subsections A and B of this section.
D. 1. Liability for compensation pursuant to this section may not be imposed against any person who, at the time of an injury sustained by a worker engaged in the maintenance or repair of real property managed by such person, and for which injury compensation is sought:
a. Was engaged in the business of property management on behalf of the owners of such property and was acting merely as an agent of the owner;
b. Did not engage in and had no employees engaged in the same trade, business or occupation as the worker seeking compensation; and
c. Did not seek or obtain from such property's owners, or from any other property owners for whom such person rendered property management services, profit from the services performed by individuals engaged in the same trade, business or occupation as the worker seeking compensation.
2. For purposes of this subsection, "the business of property management" means the oversight, supervision, and care of real property or improvements to real property, on behalf of such property's owners.
3. For purposes of this subsection, "property owners" or "property's owners" means (i) owners in fee of such property or (ii) persons having legal entitlement to the use or occupation of such property at the time of the injury for which liability is sought to be imposed pursuant to this section.
Code 1950, §§ 65-26 through 65-28; 1968, c. 660, §§ 65.1-29 through 65.1-31; 1991, c. 355; 1999, c. 877.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 3 - Application and Effect of Title › § 65.2-303. Recovery from subcontractor; proceedings against owner or contractor

A. Nothing in §§ 65.2-302 and 65.2-304 shall be construed as preventing a worker from recovering compensation under this title from a subcontractor (as described in § 65.2-302) instead of from the principal contractor (as described in § 65.2-302) but he shall not collect from both.
B. When compensation is claimed from or proceedings are taken against the owner or contractor (as described in § 65.2-302), then, in the application of this title, reference to the owner or contractor shall be substituted for reference to the subcontractor (as described in § 65.2-302), except that the amount of compensation shall be calculated with reference to the earnings of the worker under the subcontractor by whom he is immediately employed.
Code 1950, §§ 65-29, 65-31; 1968, c. 660, §§ 65.1-32, 65.1-34; 1991, c. 355.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 3 - Application and Effect of Title › § 65.2-304. Indemnity of principal from subcontractor

When the principal contractor is liable to pay compensation under § 65.2-302 or § 65.2-303, he shall be entitled to indemnity from any person who would have been liable to pay compensation to the worker independently of such sections or from an intermediate contractor and shall have a cause of action therefor.
A principal contractor when sued by a worker of a subcontractor shall have the right to join that subcontractor or any intermediate contractor as a party.
Code 1950, § 65-30; 1968, c. 660, § 65.1-33; 1991, c. 355.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 3 - Application and Effect of Title › § 65.2-305. Voluntary subjection to provisions of title; effect of taking out insurance or qualifying as self-insurer

A. Those employers not subject to this title may, by complying with the provisions of this title and the applicable rules of the Commission, voluntarily elect to be bound by it as to accidents or occupational diseases or both.
B. Every employer taking out a workers' compensation insurance policy, or qualifying as a self-insurer, shall be subject to all the provisions of this title, regardless of the number of employees or whether he is an employer of farm and horticultural laborers and domestic servants. Such employers not otherwise covered by this title shall be subject to this title only during the period covered by such insurance. Every employee of an employer who has complied with the foregoing requirements shall be subject to all the provisions of this title except that executive officers may reject coverage as provided in § 65.2-300.
Code 1950, § 65-32; 1964, c. 602; 1968, c. 660, § 65.1-35; 1991, c. 355.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 3 - Application and Effect of Title › § 65.2-306. When compensation not allowed for injury or death; burden of proof

A. No compensation shall be awarded to the employee or his dependents for an injury or death caused by:
1. The employee's willful misconduct or intentional self-inflicted injury;
2. The employee's attempt to injure another;
3. The employee's intoxication;
4. The employee's willful failure or refusal to use a safety appliance or perform a duty required by statute;
5. The employee's willful breach of any reasonable rule or regulation adopted by the employer and brought, prior to the accident, to the knowledge of the employee; or
6. The employee's use of a nonprescribed controlled substance identified as such in Chapter 34 (§ 54.1-3400 et seq.) of Title 54.1.
B. The person or entity asserting any of the defenses in this section shall have the burden of proof with respect thereto. However, if the employer raises as a defense the employee's intoxication or use of a nonprescribed controlled substance identified as such in Chapter 34 of Title 54.1, and there was at the time of the injury an amount of alcohol or nonprescribed controlled substance in the bodily fluids of the employee which (i) is equal to or greater than the standard set forth in § 18.2-266, or (ii) in the case of use of a nonprescribed controlled substance, yields a positive test result from a Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) certified laboratory, there shall be a rebuttable presumption, which presumption shall not be available if the employee dies as a result of his injuries, that the employee was intoxicated due to the consumption of alcohol or using a nonprescribed controlled substance at the time of his injury. The employee may overcome such a presumption by clear and convincing evidence.
Code 1950, § 65-35; 1968, c. 660, § 65.1-38; 1991, cc. 166, 355; 1994, cc. 600, 804; 2002, c. 636.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 3 - Application and Effect of Title › § 65.2-308. Discharge of employee for exercising rights prohibited; civil action; relief

A. No employer or person shall discharge an employee solely because the employee intends to file or has filed a claim under this title or has testified or is about to testify in any proceeding under this title. The discharge of a person who has filed a fraudulent claim is not a violation of this section.
B. The employee may bring an action in a circuit court having jurisdiction over the employer or person who allegedly discharged the employee in violation of this section. The court shall have jurisdiction, for cause shown, to restrain violations and order appropriate relief, including actual damages and attorney's fees to successful claimants and the rehiring or reinstatement of the employee, with back pay plus interest at the judgment rate as provided in § 6.2-302.
1982, c. 327, § 65.1-40.1; 1986, c. 259; 1991, c. 355.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 3 - Application and Effect of Title › § 65.2-309.1. Creation of lien and subrogation of employer to employee's rights to recover uninsured or underinsured motorist benefits pursuant to insurance coverage carried by and at the expense of employer

A. A claim against an employer under this title for injury or death benefits shall create a lien and right of subrogation on behalf of the employer, as set forth in § 65.2-309, against proceeds recovered by the injured employee pursuant to the uninsured or underinsured motorist provisions of a policy of motor vehicle insurance carried by and at the expense of the employer. In any action by an employee against any person other than the employer, the court shall, after reasonable notice to the parties and the employer, ascertain the amount of compensation paid and expenses for medical, surgical and hospital attention and supplies, and funeral expenses incurred by the employer under the provisions of this title and deduct therefrom a proportionate share of such amounts as are paid by the plaintiff for reasonable expenses and attorney's fees as provided in § 65.2-311; and, in the event of judgment against such person other than the employer, the court shall, in its order, require that the judgment debtor pay such compensation and expenses of the employer, less said share of expenses and attorney's fees, so ascertained by the court out of the amount of the judgment, so far as sufficient, and the balance, if any, to the judgment creditor.
B. If an injured employee is entitled to underinsured motorist coverage under more than one policy, the order of priority shall be as provided by subsection B of § 38.2-2206.
1995, c. 267; 2004, cc. 914, 941.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 3 - Application and Effect of Title › § 65.2-310. Protection of employer when employee sues third party

In any action by an employee, his personal representative or other person against any person other than the employer, the court shall, after reasonable notice to the parties and the employer, ascertain the amount of compensation paid and expenses for medical, surgical and hospital attention and supplies, and funeral expenses incurred by the employer under the provisions of this title and deduct therefrom a proportionate share of such amounts as are paid by the plaintiff for reasonable expenses and attorney's fees as provided in § 65.2-311; and, in event of judgment against such person other than the employer, the court shall in its order require that the judgment debtor pay such compensation and expenses of the employer, less said share of expenses and attorney's fees, so ascertained by the court out of the amount of the judgment, so far as sufficient, and the balance, if any, to the judgment creditor.
Code 1950, § 65-39; 1956, c. 534; 1960, c. 89; 1968, c. 660, § 65.1-42; 1991, c. 305; 2004, cc. 914, 941.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 3 - Application and Effect of Title › § 65.2-311. Expenses and attorney's fees in action under § 65.2-309 or § 65.2-310

A. Except as provided in subsection B, in any action, or claim for damages, by an employee, his personal representative or other person against any person other than the employer, and in any such action brought, or claim asserted, by the employer under his right of subrogation provided for in § 65.2-309, if a recovery is effected, either by judgment or voluntary settlement, the reasonable expenses and reasonable attorney's fees of such claimants shall be apportioned pro rata between the employer and the employee, his personal representative or other person, as their respective interests may appear.
B. If the employer is required to institute an action against any party to recover some or all of its lien pursuant to subsection D of § 65.2-309, the employer shall not be required to pay any share of the reasonable expenses and reasonable attorney's fees associated with that portion of its lien that is not preserved by the employee, his personal representative or other person.
Code 1950, § 65-39.1; 1960, c. 89; 1968, c. 660, § 65.1-43; 1991, c. 355; 2004, cc. 914, 941.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 3 - Application and Effect of Title › § 65.2-312. False statements, representations, etc., in connection with an award; penalties

A. It shall be unlawful for any person to knowingly make, file or use any writing or document knowing the same to contain any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement or entry in connection with an award under this title. It shall also be unlawful for any person to aid or abet another in a violation of this section.
B. A violation of this section shall be punishable as a Class 6 felony.
C. Any person convicted of a violation of this section who is licensed to practice any of the healing arts as defined in § 54.1-2900 or to practice law pursuant to Chapter 39 (§ 54.1-3900 et seq.) of Title 54.1, and who committed the violation while engaged in such practice, may have such license suspended or revoked in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 29 (§ 54.1-2900 et seq.) and Chapter 39 (§ 54.1-3900 et seq.) of Title 54.1, respectively.
D. Venue for the prosecution of a violation of this section shall lie in the county or city wherein the injury occurred.
1993, c. 792; 1994, cc. 11, 366.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 3 - Application and Effect of Title › § 65.2-313. Method of determining employer's offset in event of recovery under § 65.2-309 or § 65.2-310

In any action or claim for damages by an employee, his personal representative or other person against any person other than the employer under § 65.2-310, or in any action brought, or claim asserted, by the employer under his right of subrogation provided for in § 65.2-309, if a recovery is effected, the employer shall pay to the employee a percentage of each further entitlement as it is submitted equal to the ratio the total attorney's fees and costs bear to the total third-party recovery until such time as the accrued post-recovery entitlement equals that sum which is the difference between the gross recovery and the employer's compensation lien. In ordering payments under this section, the Commission shall take into account any apportionment made pursuant to § 65.2-311.
For the purposes of this section, "entitlement" means compensation and expenses for medical, surgical and hospital attention and funeral expenses to which the claimant is entitled under the provisions of this title, which entitlements are related to the injury for which the third-party recovery was effected.
1994, c. 586.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 4 - Occupational Diseases › § 65.2-400. "Occupational disease" defined

A. As used in this title, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the term "occupational disease" means a disease arising out of and in the course of employment, but not an ordinary disease of life to which the general public is exposed outside of the employment.
B. A disease shall be deemed to arise out of the employment only if there is apparent to the rational mind, upon consideration of all the circumstances:
1. A direct causal connection between the conditions under which work is performed and the occupational disease;
2. It can be seen to have followed as a natural incident of the work as a result of the exposure occasioned by the nature of the employment;
3. It can be fairly traced to the employment as the proximate cause;
4. It is neither a disease to which an employee may have had substantial exposure outside of the employment, nor any condition of the neck, back or spinal column;
5. It is incidental to the character of the business and not independent of the relation of employer and employee; and
6. It had its origin in a risk connected with the employment and flowed from that source as a natural consequence, though it need not have been foreseen or expected before its contraction.
C. Hearing loss and the condition of carpal tunnel syndrome are not occupational diseases but are ordinary diseases of life as defined in § 65.2-401.
Code 1950, § 65-42; 1952, c. 603; 1968, c. 660, § 65.1-46; 1970, c. 470; 1986, c. 378; 1991, c. 355; 1997, cc. 15, 405.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 4 - Occupational Diseases › § 65.2-401. "Ordinary disease of life" coverage

An ordinary disease of life to which the general public is exposed outside of the employment may be treated as an occupational disease for purposes of this title if each of the following elements is established by clear and convincing evidence, (not a mere probability):
1. That the disease exists and arose out of and in the course of employment as provided in § 65.2-400 with respect to occupational diseases and did not result from causes outside of the employment, and
2. That one of the following exists:
a. It follows as an incident of occupational disease as defined in this title; or
b. It is an infectious or contagious disease contracted in the course of one's employment in a hospital or sanitarium or laboratory or nursing home as defined in § 32.1-123, or while otherwise engaged in the direct delivery of health care, or in the course of employment as emergency rescue personnel and those volunteer emergency rescue personnel referred to in § 65.2-101; or
c. It is characteristic of the employment and was caused by conditions peculiar to such employment.
1986, c. 378, § 65.1-46.1; 1989, c. 502; 1991, c. 355; 1997, cc. 15, 405.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 4 - Occupational Diseases › § 65.2-403. Provisions in respect to injury by accident, etc., applicable to occupational disease

A. When the employer and employee are subject to the provisions of this title, first communication of the diagnosis of an occupational disease to the employee or death of the employee resulting from an occupational disease as herein listed and defined shall be treated as the happening of an injury by accident, and the employee or in case of his death his dependents shall be entitled to compensation as provided by this title.
B. An employee who has an occupational disease that is covered by this title shall be entitled to the same hospital, medical and miscellaneous benefits as an employee who has a compensable injury by accident, except that the period during which the employer shall be required to furnish medical attention, including reasonably necessary diagnostic services, shall begin fifteen days prior to the date of first communication of the diagnosis of the occupational disease to the employee. In the event of death the same funeral benefits shall be paid as in the case of death from a compensable accident.
Code 1950, § 65-46; 1966, c. 504; 1968, c. 660, § 65.1-49; 1984, c. 414; 1991, c. 355.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 4 - Occupational Diseases › § 65.2-404. What employer and carrier liability

A. When an employee has an occupational disease that is covered by this title, the employer in whose employment he was last injuriously exposed to the hazards of the disease and the employer's insurance carrier, if any, at the time of the exposure, shall alone be liable therefor, without right to contribution from any prior employer or insurance carrier.
B. For the purposes of this section, "injurious exposure" means an exposure to the causative hazard of such disease which is reasonably calculated to bring on the disease in question. Exposure to the causative hazard of pneumoconiosis for ninety work shifts shall be conclusively presumed to constitute injurious exposure.
C. The operator of a coal mining business covered by this title who acquires the business or substantially all of the assets thereof is liable for, and must secure the payment of, all benefits which would have been payable by the prior operator under this section with respect to persons previously employed by such business if the acquisition had not occurred and the prior operator had continued to operate the business; and the prior operator of the business is not relieved of any liability under this section.
Code 1950, §§ 65-47, 65-49; 1952, c. 205; 1960, c. 297; 1962, c. 588; 1968, c. 660, §§ 65.1-50, 65.1-52; 1970, c. 470; 1972, cc. 612, 619; 1974, c. 201; 1975, cc. 27, 471; 1979, cc. 80, 201; 1982, c. 82; 1983, c. 469; 1984, c. 411; 1985, c. 191; 1989, c. 502; 1990, c. 417; 1991 c. 355.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 4 - Occupational Diseases › § 65.2-405. Notice to be given

A. Within sixty days after a diagnosis of an occupational disease is first communicated to the employee, he, or someone in his behalf, shall give written notice thereof to the employer in accordance with § 65.2-600, but in no case shall the failure to give notice deprive the employee of his cause of action for an occupational disease, unless it be shown that such failure resulted in clear prejudice to the employer.
B. The statute of limitations provided under subdivision A 1 of § 65.2-406 shall be tolled until the employer gives the employee notice in substantially the following form:
NOTICE TO EMPLOYEE
IN THE EVENT A DIAGNOSIS OF COAL MINERS' PNEUMOCONIOSIS (INCLUDING BLACK LUNG, SILICOSIS, PNEUMOCONIOSIS, COAL WORKERS' PNEUMOCONIOSIS, ROCK DUST, DUST, DUST ON YOUR LUNGS OR TERMS OF SIMILAR MEANING) IS COMMUNICATED TO YOU, YOU MAY HAVE A WORKERS' COMPENSATION CLAIM. HOWEVER, SUCH CLAIM MAY BE LOST IF YOU DO NOT FILE IT WITH THE VIRGINIA WORKERS' COMPENSATION COMMISSION WITHIN THE TIME LIMIT PROVIDED BY LAW. YOU MAY FIND OUT WHAT TIME LIMIT APPLIES TO YOUR CLAIM BY CONTACTING THE WORKERS' COMPENSATION COMMISSION. THE FACT THAT YOU ARE TOLD THAT YOU HAVE COAL MINERS' PNEUMOCONIOSIS WHICH HAS NOT REACHED THE COMPENSABLE LEVEL UNDER THE GUIDELINES OF THE WORKERS' COMPENSATION COMMISSION OR THAT YOU ARE STILL ABLE TO WORK OR ARE WORKING DOES NOT STOP THE TIME FROM RUNNING OR OTHERWISE RELIEVE YOU OF YOUR DUTY TO FILE YOUR CLAIM WITH THE WORKERS' COMPENSATION COMMISSION.
Such notice shall also include the address and telephone number which the employee may use to contact the Commission.
The employer shall post and keep posted, conspicuously, the above notice in, on, or about the mine operations in places usually frequented by employees.
C. The provisions of subsection B shall apply only to claims arising on or after July 1, 1991.
Code 1950, § 65-48; 1952, c. 205; 1958, c. 457; 1968, c. 660, § 65.1-51; 1970, c. 470; 1972, c. 619; 1991, cc. 301, 355.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 4 - Occupational Diseases › § 65.2-407. Waiver

A. When an employee or prospective employee, though not incapacitated for work, is found to be affected by, or susceptible to, a specific occupational disease he may, subject to the approval of the Commission, be permitted to waive in writing compensation for any aggravation of his condition that may result from his working or continuing to work in the same or similar occupation for the same employer.
B. The Commission shall approve a waiver for coal worker's pneumoconiosis and silicosis only when presented with X-ray evidence from a physician qualified in the opinion of the Commission to make the determination and which demonstrates a positive diagnosis of the pneumoconiosis or the existence of a lung condition which makes the employee or prospective employee significantly more susceptible to the pneumoconiosis.
C. In considering approval of a waiver, the Commission may supply any medical evidence to a disinterested physician for his opinion as to whether the employee is affected by the disease or has the preexisting condition.
Code 1950, § 65-50; 1968, c. 660, § 65.1-53; 1970, c. 517; 1979, c. 201; 1991, c. 355.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 5 - Compensation and Payment Thereof › § 65.2-501. Incapacity after permanent loss

After compensation has been paid as provided in § 65.2-503, the employee may, within one year from the date compensation was last due under this section, file an application for compensation for incapacity to work, subject to the provisions of §§ 65.2-500 and 65.2-502. Such application shall be considered and determined as of the date incapacity for work actually begins or as of the date ninety days prior to the date of filing, whichever is later.
Code 1950, § 65-53; 1964, cc. 116, 190; 1968, cc. 347, 660, § 65.1-56; 1970, c. 470; 1972, c. 229; 1975, cc. 446, 450; 1976, c. 655; 1982, c. 326; 1983, c. 287; 1987, c. 560; 1988, cc. 564, 596.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 5 - Compensation and Payment Thereof › § 65.2-505. Injuries in different employments; injury to employee with disability; subsequent permanent injury by accident in service to employer

A. Except for hearing or vision loss that has not reached a compensable level of disability, if an employee has a permanent disability or has sustained a permanent injury in service in the armed forces of the United States or in another employment other than that in which he receives a subsequent permanent injury by accident, such as specified in § 65.2-503, he shall be entitled to compensation only for the degree of incapacity which would have resulted from the later accident if the earlier disability or injury had not existed.
B. Except for hearing or vision loss that has not reached a compensable level of disability, if an employee has a permanent disability or has sustained a permanent injury in service to his employer and receives a subsequent permanent injury by accident, such as specified in § 65.2-503, he shall be entitled to compensation only for the degree of incapacity which would have resulted from the later accident if the earlier disability or injury had not existed.
Code 1950, § 65-55; 1968, c. 660, § 65.1-58; 1991, c. 355; 1996, c. 448.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 5 - Compensation and Payment Thereof › § 65.2-506. Compensation after second injury in same employment

If an employee receives an injury for which compensation is payable while he is still receiving or entitled to compensation for a previous injury in the same employment, he shall not at the same time be entitled to compensation for both injuries, but if he is, at the time of the second injury, receiving compensation under the provisions of § 65.2-503, payments of compensation thereunder shall be suspended during the period compensation is paid on account of the second injury, and after the termination of payments of compensation for the second injury, payments on account of the first injury shall be resumed and continued until the entire amount originally awarded has been paid. However, if, at the time of the second injury, he is receiving compensation under the provisions of § 65.2-502, then no compensation shall be payable on account of the first injury during the period he receives compensation for the second injury.
Code 1950, § 65-56; 1968, c. 660, § 65.1-59; 1991, c. 355.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 5 - Compensation and Payment Thereof › § 65.2-507. Same employment; when both injuries permanent

If an employee receives a permanent injury as specified in § 65.2-503, after having sustained another permanent injury in the same employment, he shall be entitled to compensation for both injuries, but the total compensation shall be paid by extending the period and not by increasing the amount of weekly compensation.
Code 1950, § 65-57; 1968, c. 660, § 65.1-60; 1972, c. 619; 1991, c. 355.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 5 - Compensation and Payment Thereof › § 65.2-508. Foreign injuries

A. When an accident happens while the employee is employed elsewhere than in this Commonwealth which would entitle him or his dependents to compensation if it had happened in this Commonwealth, the employee or his dependents shall be entitled to compensation, if:
1. The contract of employment was made in this Commonwealth; and
2. The employer's place of business is in this Commonwealth;
provided the contract of employment was not expressly for service exclusively outside of the Commonwealth.
B. However, if an employee shall receive compensation or damages under the laws of any other state, nothing herein contained shall be construed so as to permit a total compensation for the same injury greater than is provided for in this title.
Code 1950, § 65-58; 1968, c. 660, § 65.1-61; 1976, c. 151; 1991, c. 355.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 5 - Compensation and Payment Thereof › § 65.2-509. Commencement of compensation

No compensation shall be allowed for the first seven calendar days of incapacity resulting from an injury except the benefits provided for in § 65.2-603; but if incapacity extends beyond that period, compensation shall commence with the eighth day of disability. If, however, such incapacity shall continue for a period of more than three weeks, then compensation shall be allowed from the first day of such incapacity.
Code 1950, § 65-59; 1968, c. 660, § 65.1-62; 1976, c. 165; 1991, c. 355.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 5 - Compensation and Payment Thereof › § 65.2-510. Refusal of employment; compensation for partial incapacity

A. If an injured employee refuses employment procured for him suitable to his capacity, he shall only be entitled to the benefits provided for in §§ 65.2-503 and 65.2-603, excluding vocational rehabilitation services provided for in subdivision A 3 of § 65.2-603, during the continuance of such refusal, unless in the opinion of the Commission such refusal was justified.
B. If an injured employee cures his unjustified refusal by accepting employment suitable to his capacity at a wage less than that originally offered, the employer shall pay or cause to be paid to the injured employee during his partial incapacity pursuant to § 65.2-502, a weekly compensation equal to 66 2/3 percent of the difference between his average weekly wages before his injury and the average weekly wage the employee would have earned by accepting the original proffered light duty employment.
C. A cure of unjustified refusal pursuant to subsection A may not be established if the unjustified refusal lasts more than six months from the last day for which compensation was paid before suspension pursuant to this section; however, the six-month period may be extended by the number of days a claimant is totally disabled if the disability commenced during such six-month period. When an injured employee is precluded from accepting employment as a result of pregnancy, the six-month period for curing the refusal may be tolled during such period as a physician certifies medical disability.
Code 1950, § 65-60; 1968, c. 660, § 65.1-63; 1991, c. 355; 1995, c. 319; 1996, c. 252.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 5 - Compensation and Payment Thereof › § 65.2-510.1. Employee imprisonment; suspension of benefits

A. Whenever an employee is imprisoned in a jail, state correctional facility, or any other place of incarceration and (i) the imprisonment resulted from the employee's conviction of a criminal offense and followed his sentencing therefor by a court of competent jurisdiction, (ii) the employee is receiving compensation for temporary total incapacity pursuant to § 65.2-500 or temporary partial incapacity under § 65.2-502, and (iii) the employee is medically released to perform selective employment, compensation benefits for wage loss shall be suspended under § 65.2-708 upon filing of a proper application to the Commission.
B. If benefits are suspended for incarceration pursuant to this section and the employee's conviction is subsequently reversed on appeal and no further appeals or prosecutions concerning such prior conviction are had, the employee's benefits shall be restored under § 65.2-708 upon filing of a proper application to the Commission.
C. The provisions of this section shall only apply to an employee who receives a workers' compensation award after July 1, 1992.
1992, c. 466.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 5 - Compensation and Payment Thereof › § 65.2-511. Compensation to employee's distributees upon his death from any other cause

When an employee receives or is entitled to compensation under this title for an injury covered by § 65.2-503 and dies from a cause other than the injury for which he was entitled to compensation, payment of the unpaid balance of compensation shall be made to his statutory dependents under this chapter, in lieu of the compensation the employee would have been entitled to had he lived. However, if the death is due to a cause that is compensable under this title and the dependents of such employee are awarded compensation therefor, all right to unpaid compensation provided by this section shall terminate.
Code 1950, § 65-61; 1968, c. 660, § 65.1-64; 1991, c. 355.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 5 - Compensation and Payment Thereof › § 65.2-514. Special provisions for coal worker's pneumoconiosis claims for total disability or death

In the case of claims for death or total disability under subdivision A 4 of § 65.2-504 or § 65.2-513, the following matters shall be required or effective only to the extent that they are allowed by the 1969 Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act as amended and the regulations issued thereunder:
1. Notice to the employer under § 65.2-405;
2. Any limitation for the filing of a claim for benefits for death or total disability under §§ 65.2-406 and 65.2-601;
3. Waivers as provided under § 65.2-407;
4. Settlements agreed to, allowed, or granted under § 65.2-701; and
5. The right of an employer to refuse employment to an applicant or to discharge a claimant because he has or is susceptible to coal worker's pneumoconiosis.
1973, c. 436, § 65.1-65.2; 1991, c. 355.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 5 - Compensation and Payment Thereof › § 65.2-515. Persons conclusively presumed to be wholly dependent

A. The following persons shall be conclusively presumed to be dependents wholly dependent for support upon the deceased employee:
1. A spouse upon his deceased spouse whom he had not voluntarily deserted at the time of the accident or with whom he lived at the time of the accident, if he is then actually dependent upon his deceased spouse;
2. A child under the age of 18 upon a parent and a child over such age if physically or mentally incapacitated from earning a livelihood or a child under the age of 23 if enrolled as a full-time student in any accredited educational institution; and
3. Parents in destitute circumstances, provided that there are no total dependents pursuant to other provisions of this section.
B. As used in this section, "child" includes a stepchild, a legally adopted child, a posthumous child, and an acknowledged illegitimate child, but does not include a married child, and "parent" includes stepparents and parents by adoption.
Code 1950, § 65-63; 1968, c. 660, § 65.1-66; 1973, cc. 401, 542; 1991, c. 355; 2020, c. 900.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 5 - Compensation and Payment Thereof › § 65.2-516. Other cases of dependency

In all other cases questions of dependency in whole or in part shall be determined in accordance with the facts as the facts are at the time of the accident; but no allowance shall be made for any payment made in lieu of board and lodging or services and no compensation shall be allowed unless the dependency existed for a period of three months or more prior to the accident.
Code 1950, § 65-64; 1968, c. 660, § 65.1-67; 1991, c. 355.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 5 - Compensation and Payment Thereof › § 65.2-517. Termination of dependency

For the purpose of this title, the dependence of a widow or widower of a deceased employee shall terminate with death or remarriage, and the amount to be theretofore received by him or her shall be divided among the children or other dependents in the proportion of which they are receiving compensation, and the dependence of a child or any minor dependent, except a child or minor dependent physically or mentally incapacitated from earning a livelihood, or a full-time student, as defined in § 65.2-515, shall terminate with the attainment of eighteen years of age.
Code 1950, § 65-66; 1960, c. 298; 1968, c. 660, § 65.1-69; 1973, cc. 401, 542; 1991, c. 355.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 65.2 - Workers' Compensation › Chapter 5 - Compensation and Payment Thereof › § 65.2-518. Limitation upon total compensation

The total compensation payable under this title shall in no case be greater than 500 weeks nor shall it exceed the result obtained by multiplying the average weekly wage of the Commonwealth as defined in § 65.2-500 for the applicable year by 500, except in cases of permanent and total incapacity as defined in § 65.2-503 C and in cases of permanent disability under subdivision A 4 of § 65.2-504 and death from coal worker's pneumoconiosis under § 65.2-513.
Code 1950, § 65-68; 1952, c. 226; 1954, c. 654; 1956, c. 243; 1958, c. 568; 1960, c. 556; 1964, c. 94; 1966, c. 64; 1968, cc. 8, 660, § 65.1-71; 1970, c. 470; 1972, c. 229; 1973, c. 542; 1974, c. 560; 1975, c. 447; 1991, c. 355; 1997, c. 511.