reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 171 - Effects of Possession (§§ 1461 — 1481) › § 1461 - Rights of possessor

Every possessor has a right to be respected in his possession; and if he be disturbed therein, he shall be protected or reinstated in such possession by the means established in the laws of procedure.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 375.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 171 - Effects of Possession (§§ 1461 — 1481) › § 1462 - Possession necessary for acquisition of ownership

Only the possession acquired and enjoyed by a person in the belief that he is the owner can serve as a title to acquire ownership.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 376.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 171 - Effects of Possession (§§ 1461 — 1481) › § 1463 - Presumption of just title

The possessor who believes himself owner has in his favor the legal presumption that he possesses under a just title and he cannot be compelled to show the same.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 377.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 171 - Effects of Possession (§§ 1461 — 1481) › § 1464 - Furniture and objects

The possession of any tenement presumes the possession of the furniture and objects therein, so long as it be not shown or proven that they should be excluded.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 378.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 171 - Effects of Possession (§§ 1461 — 1481) › § 1465 - Possession in common

Each one of the participants of a thing possessed in common, is deemed to have possessed the part allotted to him upon the division thereof during the whole time that the property remained intact. Interruption in the possession of the whole or part of a thing possessed in common shall be to the equal prejudice of all the possessors.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 379.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 171 - Effects of Possession (§§ 1461 — 1481) › § 1466 - Ownership of fruits collected

A possessor in good faith becomes the owner of the fruits collected, so long as the possession is not legally interrupted.
Natural and cultivated fruits are considered as collected from the time they are gathered or separated.
Civil fruits are considered as daily proceeds, and belong, in that proportion, to the possessor in good faith.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 380.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 171 - Effects of Possession (§§ 1461 — 1481) › § 1467 - Fruits ungathered when good faith ceases

If, when good faith ceases to exist, there are any natural or cultivated fruits still ungathered, the possessor shall have the right to recover the expenses he may have incurred in their production, and, moreover, to a part of the net proceeds of the crop in proportion to the duration of his possession.
The cost shall be distributed, in like manner, pro rata between the two possessors.
The owner of the thing may, if he wishes, grant to the possessor in good faith the right to complete the cultivation and harvesting of growing fruits, as indemnity for his part of the cost of cultivation and net proceeds; the possessor in good faith who, from any motive, does not care to accept this concession, forfeits the right to be otherwise indemnified.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 381.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 171 - Effects of Possession (§§ 1461 — 1481) › § 1468 - Refund of necessary and useful expenses

Necessary expenses are refunded to every possessor; but only the possessor in good faith may retain a thing until such expenses are made good to him.
Useful expenses are refunded to the possessor in good faith with the same right of retention, it being at the option of the party who has defeated him in his possession to refund the amount of the expenses or to pay the increase in the value of the thing in consequence of such expenses.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 382.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 171 - Effects of Possession (§§ 1461 — 1481) › § 1469 - Expenses for luxury or pleasure

Expenses incurred purely for luxury or mere pleasure are not returnable to the possessor in good faith; but he may remove the ornaments with which he has embellished the principal thing if it suffer no injury thereby, and if his successor in the possession does not prefer to refund the amount expended.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 383.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 171 - Effects of Possession (§§ 1461 — 1481) › § 1470 - Fruits and expenses in case of possessor in bad faith

A possessor in bad faith shall pay for the fruits collected and for those which the lawful possessor might have collected, and shall only have the right to be reimbursed for the necessary expenses incurred in the preservation of the thing. Expenses incurred in improvements for luxury and pleasure shall not be refunded to the possessor in bad faith; but he may remove the objects for which such expenses have been incurred, provided the thing suffers no injury thereby, and the lawful possessor does not prefer to retain them and pay the value they may have at the time he enters into possession.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 384.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 171 - Effects of Possession (§§ 1461 — 1481) › § 1471 - Improvements caused by nature or time

Improvements caused by nature or time always redound to the benefit of the person who has succeeded in acquiring possession.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 385.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 171 - Effects of Possession (§§ 1461 — 1481) › § 1472 - Deterioration or loss

A possessor in good faith is not responsible for the deterioration or loss of the thing possessed, except in those cases in which it is proven that he has acted with fraudulent intent. A possessor in bad faith is in every case responsible for any deterioration or loss, and even of such as are caused by vis major, when he has with evil intent delayed the delivery of the thing to its lawful possessor.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 386.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 171 - Effects of Possession (§§ 1461 — 1481) › § 1473 - Improvements that have ceased to exist

The person who obtains possession is not bound to pay for improvements that have ceased to exist at the time he acquires the thing.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 387.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 171 - Effects of Possession (§§ 1461 — 1481) › § 1474 - Continuation of possession presumed

A present possessor who shows his possession at some previous time is presumed to have held possession also during the intermediate period, unles the contrary be proven.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 388.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 171 - Effects of Possession (§§ 1461 — 1481) › § 1475 - Loss of possession

A possessor may lose possession:
(1) By abandonment of the thing.
(2) By an assignment made to another person, either for a valuable consideration or by a deed of gift.
(3) By the destruction or total loss of the thing, or because the same becomes unmarketable.
(4) By the possession of another person, even against the will of the former possessor, if the new possession has lasted longer than a year.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 389.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 171 - Effects of Possession (§§ 1461 — 1481) › § 1476 - Loss of possession of movable

The possession of a movable is not considered as lost so long as it remains under the control of the possessor, although he may by chance be ignorant of the whereabouts thereof.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 390.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 171 - Effects of Possession (§§ 1461 — 1481) › § 1477 - Loss of possession of immovables

The possession of immovables and real rights is not deemed lost, nor transferred for the purposes of prescription to the prejudice of a third person, except in accordance with the provisions of the Mortgage Law.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 391.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 171 - Effects of Possession (§§ 1461 — 1481) › § 1478 - Effect of acts relating to possession

Acts relating to possession, either executed or agreed to by a person who possesses a thing belonging to another person merely as an occupant to benefit by or retain it for any reason, do not bind nor obligate the owner, unless he has granted to the said occupant special authority to execute the said acts, or shall subsequently ratify them.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 392.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 171 - Effects of Possession (§§ 1461 — 1481) › § 1479 - Possession of personal property as equivalent to title

The possession of personal property acquired in good faith, is equivalent to a title thereto. Nevertheless, any person who has lost any movable or has been illegally deprived thereof, may recover it from the person in possession of the same.
If the possessor of a movable lost or stolen has acquired the same in good faith at a public sale, the owner cannot obtain the restitution thereof without reimbursing the price paid therefor.
With regard to things acquired on the exchanges, or at fairs or markets, or from a lawfully established merchant habitually occupied in dealing with objects of the kind, the provisions of the Code of Commerce, Title 10, shall be observed.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 393.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 171 - Effects of Possession (§§ 1461 — 1481) › § 1480 - Animals

Wild animals are only possessed so long as they are under control; domesticated or tamed animals are considered as tame or domestic if they retain the habit of returning to the home of the possessor.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 394.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 171 - Effects of Possession (§§ 1461 — 1481) › § 1481 - Recovery of possession unlawfully lost

Any person who, according to law, recovers possession unlawfully lost, is considered to have held it uninterruptedly for all purposes which may redound to his benefit.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 395.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter I - Usufruct Generally (§§ 1501 — 1504) › § 1501 - Definition

Usufruct is the right to enjoy a thing owned by another person and to receive all the products, utilities and advantages produced thereby, under the obligation of preserving its form and substance, unless the deed constituting such usufruct or the law otherwise decree.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 396.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter I - Usufruct Generally (§§ 1501 — 1504) › § 1502 - How created

Usufruct is constituted by law, by the wish of the parties expressed in instruments inter vivos, or by last will, and by prescription.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 397.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter I - Usufruct Generally (§§ 1501 — 1504) › § 1503 - Forms of usufruct

Usufruct may be constituted on the whole or on part of the fruits of a thing, in favor of one or several persons, simultaneously or successively, and in any case from or to a certain day, with or without conditions. It may also be constituted on a right, provided the same is not absolutely personal or not transferable.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 398.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter I - Usufruct Generally (§§ 1501 — 1504) › § 1504 - Rights and obligations of usufructuary

The rights and obligations of the usufructuary shall be those stated in the deed establishing the usufruct; in default of such deed, or because of its incompleteness, the provisions contained in the two following subchapters shall be observed.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 399.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter II - Rights of Usufructuary (§§ 1511 — 1529) › § 1511 - Fruits; treasures

The usufructuary shall have the right to all the natural, cultivated and civil fruits on the property in usufruct. As regards treasures that may be found on the tenement, he shall be deemed a stranger.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 400.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter II - Rights of Usufructuary (§§ 1511 — 1529) › § 1512 - Ungathered fruits; expenses

Natural or cultivated fruits ungathered at the time the usufruct begins, belong to the usufructuary.
Those ungathered at the time the usufruct terminates, belong to the owner.
In the preceding cases the usufructuary, at the beginning of the usufruct, is not bound to refund to the owner any expenses incurred; but at the termination of the usufruct, the owner is bound to refund, from the proceeds of the ungathered products, the ordinary cost of cultivation, sowing and other expenses of the same nature incurred by the usufructuary.
The provisions of this section do not prejudice the rights of any third person acquired either at the beginning or at the end of the usufruct.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 401.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter II - Rights of Usufructuary (§§ 1511 — 1529) › § 1513 - Rent paid by lessee

If the usufructuary has leased the lands or tenements given in usufruct, and the usufruct expires before the termination of the lease, he or his heirs and successors shall receive only the proportionate share of the rent paid by the lessee.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 402.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter II - Rights of Usufructuary (§§ 1511 — 1529) › § 1514 - Civil fruits

Civil fruits are considered as daily proceeds, and belong to the usufructuary in proportion to the time the usufructs last.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 403.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter II - Rights of Usufructuary (§§ 1511 — 1529) › § 1515 - Right to collect rent, allowance, interest or dividends

When usufruct is established on the right to collect a rent or periodical allowance, whether in money or in fruits, or in interest on obligations or certificates payable to the bearer, each payment due shall be considered as proceeds or fruits of the said right.
When it consists in the enjoyment of benefits accruing from a participation in any industrial or commercial enterprise, the date of the distribution of which is not fixed, such benefits shall have the same consideration.
In either case, they shall be distributed as civil fruits and they shall be applied in the manner prescribed in the preceding section.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 404.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter II - Rights of Usufructuary (§§ 1511 — 1529) › § 1516 - Proceeds of mines and quarries

The usufructuary of lands containing mines is not entitled to the proceeds of such mines unless they are expressly ceded to him in the deed establishing the usufruct, or unless such usufruct be universal.
Nevertheless, the usufructuary may remove stones, lime and chalk from quarries for repairs or works that he may be obliged to undertake or which may be necessary in the property of which the usufruct is enjoyed.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 405.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter II - Rights of Usufructuary (§§ 1511 — 1529) › § 1517 - Proceeds of mines in legal usufructs

Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding section, in legal usufructs the usufructuary may work the mines existing in the lands, retaining one-half of the proceeds which result after deducting the expenses, which he shall share equally with the owner. Exception is made of the case where, during the usufruct by the widowed spouse, a mineral vein is discovered in a landed property with posteriority to the assignation thereof in satisfaction of the usufructuary share. When it so happens, the heirs may proceed to a new partition of property, in order that the usufructuary share be adjudicated in the legal proportion.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 406.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter II - Rights of Usufructuary (§§ 1511 — 1529) › § 1518 - Ownership of minerals

The status of usufructuary does not deprive the owner of the land of the right of ownership to minerals of all kinds which may exist under the surface.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 407.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter II - Rights of Usufructuary (§§ 1511 — 1529) › § 1519 - Right to accession, servitudes, and benefits

The usufructuary shall have the right to enjoy the increase which the thing in usufruct may acquire through accession, as also the servitudes existing in its favor, and, in general, all benefits inherent therein.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 408.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter II - Rights of Usufructuary (§§ 1511 — 1529) › § 1520 - Lease or alienation of usufruct

The usufructuary may personally benefit by the property in usufruct, lease it to another person, and alienate his right to the usufruct, even though it be by deed of gift; but all contracts he may enter into as such usufructuary shall terminate at the end of the usufruct, except the lease of rural tenements, which shall be considered as subsisting during the agricultural year.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 409.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter II - Rights of Usufructuary (§§ 1511 — 1529) › § 1521 - Liability for deterioration

When the usufruct includes things which, without being consumed, gradually deteriorate through use, the usufructuary shall have the right to make use thereof, in accordance with the purpose they are intended for, and shall not be obliged to return them at the termination of the usufruct, except in the condition in which they may be; but he shall be obliged to indemnify the owner for whatever deterioration such things may have suffered by reason of deceit or neglect on his part.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 410.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter II - Rights of Usufructuary (§§ 1511 — 1529) › § 1522 - Use of consumable property

When the usufruct includes property which cannot be used without being consumed, the usufructuary shall have the right to make use of them, under the obligation of paying their appraised value on the expiration of the usufruct, if they were appraised when given to him. When they have not been appraised he shall have the right to make restitution in the same quantity and quality or pay their current value at the time the usufruct ceases.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 411.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter II - Rights of Usufructuary (§§ 1511 — 1529) › § 1523 - Use of dead trunks on plantations

The usufructuary of cane or coffee plantations, or of any trees or shrubs, may make use of the dead trunks, or even of those cut off or torn off by accident, under the obligation of replacing them with others.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 412.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter II - Rights of Usufructuary (§§ 1511 — 1529) › § 1524 - Trees or shrubs destroyed by storm, etc

If, in consequence of a storm, flood, calamity or extraordinary event, the cane or coffee plantations, or other trees or shrubs, shall have disappeared in such a considerable number that it would not be possible or be too costly to replace them, the usufructuary may leave the dead, fallen or destroyed trunks at the disposal of the owner and may oblige him to remove them and clear the land.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 413.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter II - Rights of Usufructuary (§§ 1511 — 1529) › § 1525 - Woodland; nurseries

The usufructuary of woodland shall enjoy all the profits which the same may produce, according to the nature thereof.
If the woodland is a copse or consists of timber for building, the usufructuary may do such ordinary cutting and felling as the owner was in the habit of doing, and, in default of this, he may do so in accordance with the custom of the place, as to manner, amount and season.
In any case, the felling or cutting of trees shall be made so as not to prejudice the preservation of the tenement.
In tree nurseries, the usufructuary may make the thinnings necessary to permit the remaining trees to develop properly.
With the exception of the provisions of the preceding paragraphs, the usufructuary cannot cut down trees unless it be to restore or improve any of the things in usufruct, and in this case, the owner shall previously have knowledge of the necessity for the work.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 414.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter II - Rights of Usufructuary (§§ 1511 — 1529) › § 1526 - Usufructuary of action to recover property

The usufructuary of an action to recover a tenement or real right, or any movable, has the right to enforce it and to oblige the owner of the action to assign him, for this purpose, his own power as owner, and to afford him whatever elements of evidence he may have. When, as a result of the enforcement of such action, he acquires the thing claimed, the usufruct shall be limited solely to the fruits, the proprietor retaining the ownership.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 415.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter II - Rights of Usufructuary (§§ 1511 — 1529) › § 1527 - Improvements

The usufructuary may make, on the property given in usufruct, whatever improvements he deems proper, either for a useful purpose or for pleasure, provided he does not change its form or substance; but he shall have no right to be indemnified therefor. He may, however, remove the said improvement, if it be possible to do so without damage to the property.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 416.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter II - Rights of Usufructuary (§§ 1511 — 1529) › § 1528 - Damages set off with improvements; alienation of property subject to usufruct

The usufructuary may set off any damage to the property with the improvements he may have made thereon.
The owner of any property, the usufruct of which is held by another person, may alienate it, but he may not change its form or substance, nor do anything thereon prejudicial to the usufructuary.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 417.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter II - Rights of Usufructuary (§§ 1511 — 1529) › § 1529 - Usufructuary of part of thing held in common

The usufructuary of a part of a thing held in common shall exercise all the rights appertaining to the owner thereof, with respect to the administration and collection of fruits and interests. If the common ownership cease by reason of the division of the thing held in common, the usufruct of the part allotted to the owner or co-proprietor shall belong to the usufructuary.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 418.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter III - Obligations of Usufructuary (§§ 1541 — 1562) › § 1541 - Inventory and security

The usufructuary, before entering on the enjoyment of any property, is obliged:
(1) To make, after summoning the owner or his legitimate representative, an inventory of all the property, causing an appraisement of the furniture and a description of the condition of the immovables to be made.
(2) To give security, binding himself to fulfill the obligations imposed on him by this subchapter.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 419.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter III - Obligations of Usufructuary (§§ 1541 — 1562) › § 1542 - Exemptions from giving security

The provisions contained in number 2 of the preceding section are not applicable to the vendor or donor who has reserved to himself the usufruct of the property sold or donated, nor to parents who are usufructuaries of the property of their children, nor to the surviving husband or wife with respect to the hereditary portion belonging to him or to her in the inheritance of the other spouse, when the nude proprietors are their own descendants, except in the case where the parents or the spouse marry again.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 420.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter III - Obligations of Usufructuary (§§ 1541 — 1562) › § 1543 - Exemption from inventory and security

The usufructuary, whatever be the title to the right of usufruct, may be excused from the obligation of making an inventory or of giving security, when no one be injured thereby.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 421.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter III - Obligations of Usufructuary (§§ 1541 — 1562) › § 1544 - Procedure when security not given

Should the usufructuary not give security in the cases when he is bound to give it, the owner may require that the immovables be placed under administration, that the movables be sold, that the public securities, deeds of credit, either payable to order or to bearer, be converted into certificates or deposited in a bank or other public institution; and that the capital or sums in cash and the price of the alienation of the personal property, be invested in safe securities.
Interest on the price of the movables, and that on public securities and bonds, notes, stocks, shares, and others of a like nature (valores) and the proceeds or property placed under administration, belong to the usufructuary.
The owner may, furthermore, if he prefers, until the usufructuary gives security or is excused from so doing, retain in his possession the property in usufruct, as administrator, and with the obligations to deliver the net proceeds thereof to the usufructuary, less the sums which may be agreed upon or may be judicially fixed for the said administration.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 422.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter III - Obligations of Usufructuary (§§ 1541 — 1562) › § 1545 - Delivery of movables under security by oath

If the usufructuary who has not given security demands, under security given by oath (caucion juratoria), the delivery of the furniture necessary for his use, and that a room in some house included in the usufruct be assigned to him and his family, the Court of First Instance may grant his petition, after a consideration of the circumstances of the case.
The same shall be understood as regards instruments, implements and other movables necessary for the industry in which he is employed.
If the owner does not wish that certain pieces of furniture be sold, either by reason of their artistic worth or because they have a special value in his eyes (precio de afeccion), he may demand their delivery to him upon giving security for the payment of the legal interest on their appraised value.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 423;.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter III - Obligations of Usufructuary (§§ 1541 — 1562) › § 1546 - Right to products after giving security

After security has been given by the usufructuary, he shall have the right to all the products from the day on which he should have begun to receive them, in accordance with the deed constituting the usufruct.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 424.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter III - Obligations of Usufructuary (§§ 1541 — 1562) › § 1547 - Care of property

The usufructuary shall care for the property given in usufruct as any good father of a family would do.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 425.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter III - Obligations of Usufructuary (§§ 1541 — 1562) › § 1548 - Liability for damages after alienation or lease

A usufructuary who alienates or leases his right of usufruct shall be liable for any damages suffered by the property in usufruct through the fault or neglect of the person who substitutes him.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 426.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter III - Obligations of Usufructuary (§§ 1541 — 1562) › § 1549 - Usufruct on cattle

If the usufruct be established on cattle of any kind, the usufructuary shall be obliged to replace, with the young thereof, those that die during each year through natural causes or are missing by reason of the rapacity of beasts of prey.
If the said cattle on which the usufruct is established shall all perish without any fault of the usufructuary, on account of any contagious disease or any other uncommon occurrence, the usufructuary shall fulfill his obligation by the delivery to the owner of the remains saved from such occurrence.
Should the cattle perish in part, also through accident, and without the fault of the usufructuary, the usufruct shall continue on the part saved.
If the usufruct is of sterile cattle, it shall be considered, in its effects, as if constituted on consumable property.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 427.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter III - Obligations of Usufructuary (§§ 1541 — 1562) › § 1550 - Ordinary repairs

The usufructuary shall be obliged to make the ordinary repairs necessary on things given in usufruct.
By ordinary repairs are understood such as are required by the wear and tear produced by the natural use of things and which are indispensable for the preservation of such things. If the usufructuary shall not make them after being requested to do so by the owner, the said owner may make them at the expense of the usufructuary.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 428.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter III - Obligations of Usufructuary (§§ 1541 — 1562) › § 1551 - Extraordinary repairs

Extraordinary repairs shall be made at the expense of the owner. The usufructuary is obliged to notify the owner when the necessity for such repairs is urgent.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 429.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter III - Obligations of Usufructuary (§§ 1541 — 1562) › § 1552 - Extraordinary repairs made by owner; by usufructuary

If the owner shall make extraordinary repairs, he has the right to demand of the usufructuary the legal interest on the amount invested in such repairs during the continuance of the usufruct.
If he shall not make them when indispensable for the maintenance of the thing, the usufructuary may make them; but he shall have the right to demand of the owner, at the end of the usufruct, the increase in value which the tenement may have acquired by virtue of such repairs.
If the owner refuse to pay the value thereof, the usufructuary has the right to retain the thing until he reimburses himself with the products thereof.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 430.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter III - Obligations of Usufructuary (§§ 1541 — 1562) › § 1553 - Works and improvements by owner

The owner may construct the works and make the improvements of which the tenement in usufruct is susceptible, or new plantings, if the property is a farm, provided the same does not cause a diminution in the value of the usufruct nor prejudice the rights of the usufructuary.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 431.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter III - Obligations of Usufructuary (§§ 1541 — 1562) › § 1554 - Charges and taxes payable by usufructuary

Except as provided in the following section, the payment of charges and annual taxes and of those considered as liens on the fruits, shall be at the expense of the usufructuary so long as the usufruct continues.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 432.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter III - Obligations of Usufructuary (§§ 1541 — 1562) › § 1555 - Taxes payable by owner

Taxes imposed directly upon the capital, during the usufruct, shall be paid by the owner.
If the latter has paid them, the usufructuary shall pay him proper interest on the sums he may have disbursed by reason thereof and, if the usufructuary advance the amounts of such taxes, he shall receive the amount thereof at the end of the usufruct.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 433.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter III - Obligations of Usufructuary (§§ 1541 — 1562) › § 1556 - Debts of owner

If the usufruct be established on the whole of any patrimony, and if, at the time it is established, the owner has debts, it shall be understood that the usufructuary is only obliged to pay the debts contracted before such establishment, or when the usufruct has been established to defraud the creditors.
The same provision is applicable to any case in which the proprietor is obliged, at the time the usufruct is established, to pay periodical sums, even though there be no known capital.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 434.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter III - Obligations of Usufructuary (§§ 1541 — 1562) › § 1557 - Credits forming part of usufruct; investment of capital

The usufructuary may personally claim the credits due which form a part of the usufruct, if he has given or gives the proper security. If he has been released from giving security or if he cannot give it, or if that given is not sufficient, he shall require the authorization of the owner or, in his default, of the Court of First Instance, to collect the said credits. The usufructuary who has given security may invest the capital he receives in any manner he may deem fit.
The usufructuary who has not given security shall place the said capital at interest, upon agreement with the owner; in default of such agreement, under judicial authorization; and in every case, with security sufficient to preserve the integrity of the capital in usufruct.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 435;.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter III - Obligations of Usufructuary (§§ 1541 — 1562) › § 1558 - Payment of legacy

A universal usufructuary shall pay in full any legacy consisting of a life annuity or allowance for support.
The usufructuary of any aliquot part of an inheritance shall pay such legacy in proportion to his share.
In neither of the two cases shall the owner be obliged to make any reimbursement.
The usufructuary of one or more specified things shall pay the legacy only when the annuity or allowance is expressly constituted on such things.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 436.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter III - Obligations of Usufructuary (§§ 1541 — 1562) › § 1559 - Debts of mortgaged tenement

The usufructuary of a mortgaged tenement shall not be obliged to pay the debts for the security of which the mortgage was made.
When the tenement is attached or judicially sold for the payment of the said debt, the owner shall be liable to the usufructuary for what he may lose by reason thereof.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 437.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter III - Obligations of Usufructuary (§§ 1541 — 1562) › § 1560 - Debts of inheritance

If the usufruct be on the whole or any aliquot part of any inheritance, the usufructuary may advance the sums which may belong to the property in usufruct for the payment of the debts of the said inheritance, and shall have the right to demand their return from the owner, without interest, at the expiration of the usufruct.
If the usufructuary refuse to make the said advance, the owner may demand that the part of the property in usufruct which may be necessary to pay the said sums, be sold, or pay them with his own money, with the right, in this latter case, to demand of the usufructuary the corresponding interest.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 438.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter III - Obligations of Usufructuary (§§ 1541 — 1562) › § 1561 - Acts of third persons prejudicial to ownership

The usufructuary is obliged to notify the owner of any act of any third person, which may come to his knowledge and which may be prejudicial to the rights of ownership, and shall be liable, should he not do so, for the damages and injuries, as if they were caused by his own fault.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 439.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter III - Obligations of Usufructuary (§§ 1541 — 1562) › § 1562 - Suits with regard to usufruct

The expenses, costs, and condemnations of the suits instituted with regard to the usufruct, shall be charged to the usufructuary.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 440.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART VI - Usufruct, Use, and Occupancy (§§ 1501 — 1604) › Chapter 175 - Usufruct (§§ 1501 — 1580) › Subchapter IV - Manner in Which Usufructs Extinguished (§§ 1571 — 1580) › § 1571 - Extinguishment of usufruct

Usufruct is extinguished:
(1) By the death of the usufructuary.
(2) By the expiration of the period for which it was established, or by the fulfillment of the resolutory condition expressed in the deed establishing the usufruct.
(3) By merger of usufruct and ownership in the same party.
(4) By the renunciation of the usufructuary.
(5) By the total loss of the thing in usufruct.
(6) By the termination of the right of the person establishing the usufruct.
(7) By prescription.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 441.