reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART III - Common Ownership of Property (§§ 1271 — 1303) › Chapter 151 - Puerto Rico Condo Hotel Act (§§ 1295 — 1303) › § 1301a - Gross operating revenues and fees; restrictions to claims against the administrator or agent

(a) Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, it is hereby prohibited to institute, as part of the administrative or judicial proceedings (including, but not limited to actions for construction defects) to which the administrator or the agent is a party, or as a consequence of any administrative or judicial proceeding to which the administrator or the agent is a party, the attachment, encumbrance or use of the following to satisfy any ruling, order or resolution issued against said administrator or agent:
(1) The gross revenue generated or that may be generated by the leasing of the lodging units or by the use, sale or lease of common elements as a consequence of the leasing program, or by the use, lease or sale of common property; or
(2) the payments that the administrator or his/her agent may receive or is entitled to receive from any person to satisfy basic expenses, program administration expenses or capital improvements, or
(3) the revenues received or earned by investing the funds mentioned in clauses (1) and (2) of this subsection.
(b) The following may only be attached or encumbered or used to satisfy any ruling, order or resolution issued against said administrator or his/her agent for the purposes described in subsection (a) of this subsection and any other purpose permitted by law:
(1) The proceeds that the administrator or his/her agent may receive or is entitled to receive as the owner of one or more lodging units, as a consequence of having included the lodging units that he/she owns into the leasing program, or
(2) the revenues that the administrator or his/her agent may receive or is entitled to receive as fees for discharging his/her duties as administrator or agent as provided in the mandatory leasing contract and the administration contact or as administrator or owner of a commercial unit or residential unit, or
(3) the revenues received or earned by investing the funds mentioned in clauses (1) and (2) of this subsection.
History —Aug. 12, 2008, No. 249, § 9.102, renumbered as art. 9.102 and amended on Dec. 16, 2009, No. 178, § 27; renumbered again as art. 9.102 and amended on June 24, 2010, No. 67, § 27.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART III - Common Ownership of Property (§§ 1271 — 1303) › Chapter 151 - Puerto Rico Condo Hotel Act (§§ 1295 — 1303) › § 1301b - Conflicts

The provisions of § 1279 of this title relative to the division of common ownership and the provisions of § 1283 of this title relative to the peremptory sale of a thing under common ownership shall not apply to condo hotels regulated under this chapter. Furthermore, there shall be no right to rescind any sale or other transfer of a right regulated under this chapter. In the event that any conflict between the provisions of this chapter and the provisions of any other law or regulation arises, the provisions of this chapter shall prevail with respect to all matters addressed therein. Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is hereby provided that a condo hotel shall be deemed to be included in the term “hotel” for purposes of the application of the Innkeeper’s Act.
History —Aug. 12, 2008, No. 249, § 9.103, renumbered as art. 9.103 on Dec. 16, 2009, No. 178, § 28 and on June 24, 2010, No. 67, § 28.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART III - Common Ownership of Property (§§ 1271 — 1303) › Chapter 151 - Puerto Rico Condo Hotel Act (§§ 1295 — 1303) › § 1302 - Former condo hotel legislation

Any condo hotel program existing prior to the effective date of this act shall continue to exist and operate pursuant to the provisions of §§ 681—685 of Title 23, unless such condo hotels decide to abide by the new condo hotel regime under this chapter, for which they shall follow the procedures to carry out such action established in this chapter. Likewise, this chapter shall not impair the constitution of new condo hotel programs under the Condominiums’ Act. Properties covered under a horizontal-property regime intended for residences whose owners agree to establish a condo hotel may do so, whether under the Condominiums’ Act or under this chapter, following the procedures established by said statutes for changes of use or regime.
History —Aug. 12, 2008, No. 249, § 10; Dec. 16, 2009, No. 178, § 30; June 24, 2010, No. 67, § 30.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART III - Common Ownership of Property (§§ 1271 — 1303) › Chapter 151 - Puerto Rico Condo Hotel Act (§§ 1295 — 1303) › § 1303 - Summary of experience

The Company shall require the proponent of the condo hotel, project for which a government license, endorsement, incentive or benefit is requested, and/or his/her affiliates to submit a summary of his/her experience in the administration of projects and evidence of his/her technical and financial capacity which guarantees the feasibility of the project prior to the granting or authorization of any government license, endorsement, incentive or benefit available for the development of tourist facilities.
History —Aug. 12, 2008, No. 249, § 12; Dec. 16, 2009, No. 178, § 31; June 24, 2010, No. 67, § 31.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV - Waters (§§ 1311 — 1396) › Chapter 153 - Ownership of Waters (§§ 1311 — 1312) › § 1311 - Waters belonging to public domain

To the public domain belong:
(1) Rivers and their natural beds.
(2) Continuous or intermittent waters from sources or brooks running in their natural beds, and the beds themselves.
(3) Waters rising continuously or intermittently in lands within the same public domain.
(4) Lakes and marshes formed by nature on public lands, and also their beds.
(5) Rain water running through ravines or sandy beaches, the beds of which may also belong to the public domain.
(6) Subterranean waters existing on public lands.
(7) Waters found within the zone of operation of public works, even when they are executed by a grantee.
(8) Waters flowing continuously or intermittently from tenements belonging to private parties, to the people of the United States, to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or to the municipalities thereof, from the moment they leave such tenements.
(9) The waste waters of fountains, sewers and public institutions.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 341;.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV - Waters (§§ 1311 — 1396) › Chapter 153 - Ownership of Waters (§§ 1311 — 1312) › § 1312 - Waters belonging to private dominion

To private dominion belong:
(1)-(4). [Repealed. Act June 3, 1976, No. 136, p. 390, section 25, eff. June 3, 1976.]
(5) The beds of flowing waters, continuous or intermittent, formed by rain water, and those of brooks crossing tenements which do not belong to the public domain.
In every drain or aqueduct, the water, the bed, the sloping bank, and the sideways are considered as an integral part of the tenement or building for which the waters are intended. The owners of tenements through which, or along the boundaries of which the aqueduct passes, cannot allege ownership over the same nor any right to profit by its beds or sideways, unless they base their claims on title deeds, specifying the right or the ownership claimed by them.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 342; June 3, 1976, No. 136, p. 390, § 25.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV - Waters (§§ 1311 — 1396) › Chapter 155 - Use of Public Waters (§§ 1331 — 1333) › § 1333 - Extinguishment of right

The right to make use of public waters is extinguished by the lapse of the concession and by nonusage during twenty years.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 345.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV - Waters (§§ 1311 — 1396) › Chapter 157 - Use of Waters of Private Ownership (§§ 1351 — 1355) › § 1352 - Works diverting course of rain waters

Private ownership of the beds of rain waters does not give a right to make works and constructions which may divert the course of such waters to the injury of a third person, nor those, the destruction of which by the force of floods, may cause such injury.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 347.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV - Waters (§§ 1311 — 1396) › Chapter 157 - Use of Waters of Private Ownership (§§ 1351 — 1355) › § 1355 - Receptacles for rain water

Every owner of a tenement has a right to construct within his property receptacles for rain water, provided he does no damage thereby to the public or to a third person.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 350.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV - Waters (§§ 1311 — 1396) › Chapter 161 - General Provisions (§§ 1391 — 1396) › § 1391 - Defensive works to check waters

The owner of a tenement on which there are defensive works to check waters, or on which, by the variation of their course, it may be necessary to reconstruct them anew, is bound, at his option, either to make the necessary repairs or constructions, or to permit that, without damage to him, the owners of the tenements who suffer or are clearly exposed to suffer damages, should make such works.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 354.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV - Waters (§§ 1311 — 1396) › Chapter 161 - General Provisions (§§ 1391 — 1396) › § 1392 - Removal of obstructing material

The provisions of the preceding section apply to the cases in which it may be necessary to clear a tenement from the material, the accumulation or fall of which may obstruct the course of waters, to the injury or danger of a third person.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 355.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV - Waters (§§ 1311 — 1396) › Chapter 161 - General Provisions (§§ 1391 — 1396) › § 1393 - Payment of expenses

All the owners who participate in the benefits arising from the works to which the two preceding sections refer shall be bound to contribute to the expenses of their several interests. Those who by their own fault may have caused the damages, shall be liable for such expenses.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 356.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV - Waters (§§ 1311 — 1396) › Chapter 161 - General Provisions (§§ 1391 — 1396) › § 1394 - Eminent domain

The ownership and use of waters belonging to corporations or private persons are subject to the Law of Eminent Domain, §§ 2901-2913 of Title 32, for reasons of public utility.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 357.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV - Waters (§§ 1311 — 1396) › Chapter 161 - General Provisions (§§ 1391 — 1396) › § 1396 - Application of law of waters

Anything not expressly determined by the provisions of §§ 1391-1396 of this title shall be governed by the special Law of Waters, § 501 et seq. of Title 12.-
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 359.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › §§ 1401—1401h - Repealed. Act March 9, 2012, No. 55, § 26, eff. March 9, 2012

History —Civil Code, 1930, added as § 359a on July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. 395, § 1; June 24, 1996, No. 56, § 1; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401a - Moral right [Repealed]

History —Civil Code, 1930, added as § 359b on July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. 395, § 1; June 24, 1996, No. 56, § 1; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401b - Moral right—Protection [Repealed]

History —Civil Code, 1930, added as 359c on July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. 395, § 1; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401c - Moral right—Extension [Repealed]

History —Civil Code, 1930, added as § 359ch on July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. 395, § 1; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401d - Moral right—Creations by public employee [Repealed]

History —Civil Code, 1930, added as § 359d on July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. 395, § 1; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401e - Moral right—Exception [Repealed]

History —Civil Code, 1930, added as § 359e on July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. 395, § 1; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401f - Moral right—Remedies [Repealed]

History —Civil Code, 1930, added as § 359f on July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. 395, § 1; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401g - Moral right—Statute of limitations [Repealed]

History —Civil Code, 1930, added as § 359g on July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. 395, § 1; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401h - Moral right—Actions [Repealed]

History —Civil Code, 1930 added as § 359h on July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. 395, § 1; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401i - Title and moral right in musical events

(a) It is hereby provided that in any production, recording, show, or musical-artistic or any other kind of event, the complete name of the composer of the musical work or corresponding song shall be specified and mentioned in addition to the complete name of the artist or performer.
(b) Infringement of the provisions of in subsection (a) of this section shall entail the remedies and actions established in §§ 1401f, 1401g and 1401h of this title, without excluding any other corresponding administrative or judicial action.
History —Aug. 29, 2000, No. 214, §§ 1, 2.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401k - Presumption of ownership

It shall be presumed as author whoever appears as such in the work by means of his name, signature, or identifying mark, unless there is evidence to the contrary. When a work is distributed anonymously or pseudonymously, whoever makes such work public shall be entitled to exercise the rights herein granted while the author’s identity is not revealed, insofar as that person has the consent of the author.
History —Mar. 9, 2012, No. 55, § 3.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401l - Co-authors

In cases in which a joint work has two or more authors, the rights over such work shall be shared by all. This does not refer to an individual contribution made to a periodical publication or collective work.
History —Mar. 9, 2012, No. 55, § 4.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401m - Term

Moral rights shall last the author’s lifetime plus 70 years after his death, or until the work enters public domain, whichever comes first.
History —Mar. 9, 2012, No. 55, § 5.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401n - Standing after author’s death

After the death of the author, the person that such author had expressly indicated in writing shall exercise moral rights. In the absence thereof, the author’s heirs shall exercise those rights.
The right of withdrawal may only be exercised after the death of the author if such author has expressly stated in writing that it is to be done.
Moral rights may not be exercised over works that have entered public domain.
History —Mar. 9, 2012, No. 55, § 6.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401o - Creation by an employee or independent contractor

Any work created as a “work made for hire” does not generate moral rights except if so provided in a written and signed agreement. This includes such work created by an employee in the normal course of his duties, as well as those created by an independent contractor under what is considered “work made for hire,” as defined in §§ 1401j—1401ff of this title.
History —Mar. 9, 2012, No. 55, § 7.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401p - Transferability

Moral rights are not transferrable except as provided in §§ 1401j—1401ff of this title.
History —Mar. 9, 2012, No. 55, § 8.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401q - Waiver of rights

In general terms, moral rights cannot be waived. However, the author or rightful claimant may, through a written and signed document, waive his right of integrity in whole or in part. Such waiver may be established with an electronic signature.
The waiver described in this section can be executed at any time and shall be valid for a work even if the same was created prior to the effectiveness of this act. In the case of a joint work that has two or more authors, a waiver from one of them shall suffice unless otherwise agreed.
History —Mar. 9, 2012, No. 55, § 9.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401r - Exception to protection

The author or rightful claimant may not invoke moral rights when the work is legitimately used for purposes of criticism, parody or news, educational, or investigative comment. To determine whether the use is covered under this exception, the total of the circumstances shall be taken into account, including:
(a) The purpose of the use;
(b) The nature of the work, and
(c) The size and content of the part used as related to the work as a whole.
History —Mar. 9, 2012, No. 55, § 10.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401s - Remedies

The violation of moral rights empowers the author or rightful claimant to seek temporary or permanent injunction to assert his rights, redress for damages, and financial compensation.
In the case of registered works, when the violation of moral rights seeks mainly to obtain a business or financial benefit, the author or rightful claimant may opt for requesting the court for recovery of an award of statutory damages in lieu of compensation or real damages. Statutory damages may be fixed at an amount of not less than $750 nor more than $20,000 per violation per registered work, at the discretion of the court. Compensation shall be based on the number of registered works, regardless of the number of copies made of the work in question at any given time.
If the case is resolved in favor of the author of a registered work or of its rightful claimant, the court shall always fix the amount of legal costs, fees, and expenses in his favor.
History —Mar. 9, 2012, No. 55, § 11.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401t - Statute of limitations

Any action or proceeding carried out in order to enforce any provision of in §§ 1401j-1401ff of this title must be initiated not later than three (3) years after the affected person learns or should have learned about the facts that provide the grounds for the cause of action.
History —Mar. 9, 2012, No. 55, § 12.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401u - Publicity

Moral rights exist regardless of registration. The author of a work may voluntarily register the same with the Copyright Registry. Publicity shall be for reporting purposes only, and registration of a work shall not be required to exercise and enforce moral rights. Registration of the work shall constitute prima facie evidence of the validity of the author’s moral rights and of the circumstances described in the certificate of registration in any lawsuit where said rights are the object of controversy. Registration of the work shall allow for the option of requesting an award of statutory damages in case of violation of moral rights.
History —Mar. 9, 2012, No. 55, § 13.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401v - Copyright Registry

The Copyright Registry remains attached to the Department of State as created by virtue of Act No. 96 of July 15, 1988, as amended.
History —Mar. 9, 2012, No. 55, § 14.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401w - Registrar

The Copyright Registry shall be directed by a Copyright Registrar, who shall be appointed by the Governor of Puerto Rico with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Copyright Registrar shall be of legal age, an attorney-at-law who has been admitted to the bar within at least seven years before his appointment and knowledgeable in the field of copyright and Puerto Rican intellectual activity. He shall have the same rank, salary, and term of office of a Superior Judge of the Court of First Instance and shall be considered a public officer pursuant to in §§ 761 et seq. of Title 3, known as the “Government Employees Retirement Act”.
History —Mar. 9, 2012, No. 55, § 15.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401x - Acquisition of equipment; regulations; collection of fees

The Copyright Registrar shall have the power to acquire equipment and services according to the financial reality of the Registry. Furthermore, he may adopt regulations related to the registration, deposit, reproduction, and fees to be charged for the required activities. Provided, however, That a fee shall be charged for the presentation of the intellectual work submitted for registration and an additional fee for its registration, which shall be established through regulations by the Copyright Registry.
The Registrar shall also adopt regulations concerning the acquisition and control of equipment and other acquired property, as well as the accounting of the funds, subject to the provisions of in §§ 283—283p of Title 3, known as the “Puerto Rico Government Accounting Act,” and of §§ 701 et seq. of Title 23, known as the “Management and Budget Office Organic Act”.
History —Mar. 9, 2012, No. 55, § 16.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401y - Records of the Registry

The Copyright Registrar shall maintain a register of intellectual works published in Puerto Rico which are the creation of Puerto Rican authors or of foreign persons domiciled in Puerto Rico, and of Puerto Rican works printed abroad to be sold, distributed, or reproduced in Puerto Rico, or any other use that their publication implies by request of the author or his rightful claimants. An unpublished original work may be registered upon request of the author. The Copyright Registrar shall issue a certificate containing all the information about the work found in the Registry.
History —Mar. 9, 2012, No. 55, § 17.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401z - Registered material

Any kind of work, as defined in §§ 1401j—1401ff of this title, in which one or more natural or juridical persons have any authorship or proprietary interest may be registered in the Copyright Registry by request of the author or rightful claimants.
Private and public contracts awarded in connection with the registered works may also be registered in the Copyright Registry at the request of one of the parties or rightful claimants. The registrations authorized in §§ 1401j—1401ff of this title shall have the effect of reserving the corresponding copyright on behalf of the author of the registered work or its rightful claimants.
History —Mar. 9, 2012, No. 55, § 18.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401aa - Copyright stamp

The Copyright Registrar shall adopt an official stamp that shall consist of a triangle with the letter (R) in its center, of a size and color to be determined by regulations. Said stamp shall be imprinted on every work registered and on any reproductions of the same, thus attesting that copyright is protected by such registration.
History —Mar. 9, 2012, No. 55, § 19.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401bb - Deposit of works

The Copyright Registrar shall provide, through regulations, the most efficient and less onerous manner in which the works shall be registered and deposited, in accordance with the most recent and reliable technological developments. The deposit of two (2) copies or reproductions thereof shall be an indispensable requirement for copyright registration.
History —Mar. 9, 2012, No. 55, § 20.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401cc - Denial of registration; notification

If the Copyright Registrar determines that a particular registration cannot be made pursuant to §§ 1401j—1401ff of this title or the regulations approved thereunder, the registration requested shall be denied and said denial shall be notified to the petitioner within fifteen (15) days following its receipt. The party interested in the registration shall have thirty (30) days as of said notice to resort to the Court of First Instance of the Superior Court of the courthouse where the work is located, and request a review of the Registrar’s decision. The Registrar shall notify the reasons for the denial and advise the petitioner that he has thirty (30) days following the notification to appeal to the Court of First Instance, in the Superior Court of the courthouse where the work is located, through the corresponding review procedure.
History —Mar. 9, 2012, No. 55, § 21.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401dd - Issuance of certificate

At the request of any person and upon payment of the corresponding fees, the Copyright Registrar shall issue certificates of the records in his office regarding registered works, their authors, proprietors, and other pertinent data which, thus authenticated, shall become public documents admissible in any judicial or administrative proceedings.
History —Mar. 9, 2012, No. 55, § 22.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401ee - Inspections and copies

The informative sheets and other documents found in the files of the Copyright Registry may be inspected and copied by interested parties upon payment of the corresponding fees, but such copies shall not constitute evidence of the Registry’s records unless certified by the Registrar.
History —Mar. 9, 2012, No. 55, § 23.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 163 - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1401ff) › § 1401ff - Advice

The Copyright Registrar shall organize the means to provide authors, designers, filmmakers, painters, engravers, architects, and any other creator of products arising from artistic, literary, or scientific work with sufficient advice and assistance so that they may use the mechanisms and other resources provided by law.
History —Mar. 9, 2012, No. 55, § 24.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 165 - Copyright Registry (§§ 1402-1402m — 1402m) › §§ 1402—1402m - Repealed. Act March 9, 2012. No. 55, § 27, eff. March 9, 2012

History —Civil Code, 1930, added as § 359i on added July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. 395, § 2; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 165 - Copyright Registry (§§ 1402-1402m — 1402m) › § 1402a - Copyright Registry—Registrar [Repealed]

History —Civil Code, 1930, added as § 359j on July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. 395, § 2; June 24, 1996, No. 56, § 2; Sept. 22, 2004, No. 430, § 1; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 165 - Copyright Registry (§§ 1402-1402m — 1402m) › § 1402b - Copyright Registry—Acquisition of equipment; regulations; fees [Repealed]

History —Civil Code, 1930, added as § 359k on July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. 395, § 2; June 24, 1996, No. 56, § 2; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 165 - Copyright Registry (§§ 1402-1402m — 1402m) › § 1402c - Copyright Registry—Contents of registry [Repealed]

History —Civil Code, 1930, added as § 359added July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. 395, § 2; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 165 - Copyright Registry (§§ 1402-1402m — 1402m) › § 1402d - Copyright Registry—Registered materials [Repealed]

History —Civil Code, 1930, added as § 359on July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. 395, § 2; June 24, 1996, No. 56, § 2; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 165 - Copyright Registry (§§ 1402-1402m — 1402m) › § 1402e - Copyright Registry—Copyright stamp [Repealed]

History —Civil Code, 1930, added as § 359m on July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. 395, § 2; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 165 - Copyright Registry (§§ 1402-1402m — 1402m) › § 1402f - Copyright Registry—Deposit of works [Repealed]

History —Civil Code, 1930, added as § 359n on July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. 395, § 2; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 165 - Copyright Registry (§§ 1402-1402m — 1402m) › § 1402g - Copyright Registry—Denial of registration; notification [Repealed]

History —Civil Code, 1930, added as § on July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. 395, § 2; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 165 - Copyright Registry (§§ 1402-1402m — 1402m) › § 1402h - Copyright Registry—Procedure [Repealed]

History —Civil Code, 1930, added as § 359p on July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. 395, § 2; June 24, 1996, No. 56, § 2; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 165 - Copyright Registry (§§ 1402-1402m — 1402m) › § 1402i - Copyright Registry—Penalties [Repealed]

History —Civil Code, 1930, added as § 359q on July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. -, § 2; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 165 - Copyright Registry (§§ 1402-1402m — 1402m) › § 1402j - Copyright Registry—Certification [Repealed]

History —Civil Code, 1930, added as § 359r on July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. 395, § 2; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 165 - Copyright Registry (§§ 1402-1402m — 1402m) › § 1402k - Copyright Registry—Inspection and copies [Repealed]

History —Civil Code, 1930, added as § 359s on July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. 395, § 2; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 165 - Copyright Registry (§§ 1402-1402m — 1402m) › § 1402l - Copyright Registry—Advice [Repealed]

History —Civil Code, 1930, added as § 359t on July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. -, § 2; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART IV-A - Intellectual Property (§§ 1401-1401h — 1402m) › Chapter 165 - Copyright Registry (§§ 1402-1402m — 1402m) › § 1402m - Copyright Registry—Interpretation with other laws [Repealed]

History —Civil Code, 1930, added as § 359u on July 15, 1988, No. 96, p. 395, § 2; Repealed. Act.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 167 - Possession and Kinds Thereof (§§ 1421 — 1427) › § 1421 - Natural possession and civil possession defined

Natural possession is the holding of a thing or the enjoyment of a right by any person. Civil possession is the same holding or enjoyment joined to the intent of holding the thing or right as one’s own.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 360.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 167 - Possession and Kinds Thereof (§§ 1421 — 1427) › § 1422 - Exercise of possession

Possession is exercised upon things or rights, either by the same person who holds and enjoys them, or by another in his behalf.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 361.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 167 - Possession and Kinds Thereof (§§ 1421 — 1427) › § 1423 - Aspects of possession

The possession of property and rights may be considered in one of two different aspects: either in that of the owner, or in that of the holder of the thing or right to keep and enjoy them, the ownership belonging to another person.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 362.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 167 - Possession and Kinds Thereof (§§ 1421 — 1427) › § 1424 - Bona fide possessor; possessor in bad faith

A bona fide possessor is deemed to be the person who is not aware that there exists in his title or in the manner of acquiring it, any flaw invalidating the same.
A possessor in bad faith is deemed to be any person possessing in any case contrary to the above.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 363.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 167 - Possession and Kinds Thereof (§§ 1421 — 1427) › § 1425 - Good faith presumed

Good faith is always presumed, and any person averring bad faith on the part of a possessor, is bound to prove the same.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 364.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 167 - Possession and Kinds Thereof (§§ 1421 — 1427) › § 1426 - Presumption of continuance of understanding by which acquired

It is presumed that possession is continued under the same understanding by which it was acquired, until the contrary be proven.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 365.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 167 - Possession and Kinds Thereof (§§ 1421 — 1427) › § 1427 - Things and rights susceptible of possession

Only things and rights susceptible of being appropriated can be the object of possession.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 366.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 169 - Acquisition of Possession (§§ 1441 — 1448) › § 1441 - Mode of acquisition

Possession is acquired either by the material occupation of the thing or the right possessed, or by the fact that they remain subject to the action of the will, or by the proper acts and legal formalities established for acquiring such right.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 367.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 169 - Acquisition of Possession (§§ 1441 — 1448) › § 1442 - By whom acquired

Possession may be acquired by the same person who is to benefit thereby, by his legal representative, by his agent, and by a third person without any power whatsoever; but in the last case, possession shall not be considered as acquired until the person in whose name the act of possession has been executed has ratified the same.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 368.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 169 - Acquisition of Possession (§§ 1441 — 1448) › § 1443 - Transfer of possession of hereditary property

The possession of hereditary property is understood as transferred to the heir without interruption and from the moment of the death of the testator, in case the inheritance be accepted.
Any person who rejects an inheritance in a valid manner is considered as never to have possessed the same.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 369.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 169 - Acquisition of Possession (§§ 1441 — 1448) › § 1444 - Forceful acquisition

In no case can possession be forcibly acquired so long as a possessor is opposed thereto. Any person who believes that he has a right or action to deprive another of the holding of a thing, shall petition the assistance of the competent authorities, provided the holder refuses to deliver up the said thing.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 370.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 169 - Acquisition of Possession (§§ 1441 — 1448) › § 1445 - Faulty possession of testator

Any person who succeeds by hereditary title shall not suffer the consequences of a faulty possession of the testator, unless it be shown that he was aware of the defects affecting such possession; but the effects of possession in good faith shall benefit him only from the date of the decease of the testator.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 371.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 169 - Acquisition of Possession (§§ 1441 — 1448) › § 1446 - Minors and incapacitated persons

Minors and incapacitated persons may acquire the possession of things; but they require the assistance of their legal representatives to exercise the rights in their favor which arise from the possession.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 372.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 169 - Acquisition of Possession (§§ 1441 — 1448) › § 1447 - Clandestine and tolerated acts

Acts merely tolerated and those clandestinely executed, without the knowledge of the possessor of a thing, or with violence, do not affect possession.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 373.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART V - Possession (§§ 1421 — 1481) › Chapter 169 - Acquisition of Possession (§§ 1441 — 1448) › § 1448 - Possession not recognized in different personalities

Possession, as a fact, cannot be recognized in two different personalities, unless in cases of indivisibility. If a question arises regarding the fact of possession, preference shall be given to the present possessor; if there be two possessors, to the one longest in possession; if the dates of the possessions coincide, to the one presenting a title; and when all these conditions are equal, the thing shall be placed in deposit or judicial keeping, whilst the possession or ownership be determined through proper proceedings.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 374.