2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 33. Insurance › Article 26A. West Virginia Life and Health Insurance Guaranty Association Act › §33-26A-3. Scope of Article; Policies and Contracts Covered; Exclusions; Extent of Liability

(a) This article shall provide coverage for the policies and contracts specified in §33-26A-3(b) of this code:
(1) To persons who, regardless of where they reside (except for nonresident certificate holders under group policies or contracts), are the beneficiaries, assignees, or payees, including health care providers rendering services covered under health insurance policies or certificates, of the persons covered under §33-26A-3(a)(2) of this code.
(2) To persons who are owners of or certificate holders or enrollees under the policies or contracts, other than unallocated annuity contracts and structured settlement annuities, and in each case who:
(A) Are residents of this state; or
(B) Are not residents of this state, but only under all of the following conditions:
(i) The member insurer that issued the policies or contracts is domiciled in this state;
(ii) The states in which the persons reside have associations similar to the association created by this article; and
(iii) The persons are not eligible for coverage by an association in any other state because the insurer or the health maintenance organization was not licensed in the state at the time specified in the state’s guaranty association law.
(3) For unallocated annuity contracts specified in §33-26A-3(b) of this code, §33-26A-3(a)(1) and §33-26A-3(a)(2) of this code shall not apply, and this article shall, except as provided in §33-26A-3(a)(5) and §33-26A-3(a)(6) of this code, provide coverage to:
(A) Persons who are the owners of the unallocated annuity contracts if the contracts are issued to or in connection with a specific benefit plan whose plan sponsor has its principal place of business in this state; and
(B) Persons who are owners of unallocated annuity contracts issued to or in connection with government lotteries if the owners are residents.
(4) For structured settlement annuities specified in §33-26A-3(b) of this code, §33-26A-3(a)(1) and §33-26A-3(a)(2) of this code shall not apply, and this article shall, except as provided in §33-26A-3(a)(5) and §33-26A-3(a)(6) of this code, provide coverage to a person who is a payee under a structured settlement annuity, or beneficiary of a payee if the payee is deceased, if the payee:
(A) Is a resident, regardless of where the contract owner resides; or
(B) Is not a resident, but only under both of the following conditions:
(i) (I) The contract owner of the structured settlement annuity is a resident; or
(II) The contract owner of the structured settlement annuity is not a resident, but the insurer that issued the structured settlement annuity is domiciled in this state and the state in which the contract owner resides has an association similar to the association created by this article; and
(ii) Neither the payee or beneficiary nor the contract owner is eligible for coverage by the association of the state in which the payee or contract owner resides.
(5) This article shall not provide coverage to:
(A) A person who is a payee or beneficiary of a contract owner resident of this state, if the payee or beneficiary is afforded any coverage by the association of another state; or
(B) A person covered under §33-26A-3(a)(3) of this code, if any coverage is provided by the association of another state to the person; or
(C) A person who acquires rights to receive payments through a structured settlement factoring transaction as defined in 26 U.S.C. § 5891, regardless of whether the transaction occurred before or after 26 U.S.C. § 5891 became effective.
(6) This article is intended to provide coverage to a person who is a resident of this state and, in special circumstances, to a nonresident. In order to avoid duplicate coverage, if a person who would otherwise receive coverage under this article is provided coverage under the laws of any other state, the person shall not be provided coverage under this article. In determining the application of the provisions of this subdivision in situations where a person could be covered by the association of more than one state, whether as an owner, payee, enrollee, beneficiary, or assignee, this article shall be construed in conjunction with other state laws to result in coverage by only one association.
(b) Coverage provided by this article shall be as follows:
(1) This article shall provide coverage to the persons specified in §33-26A-3(a) of this code for policies or contracts of direct, nongroup life insurance, health insurance (which for the purposes of this article includes health maintenance organization subscriber contracts and certificates), or annuities, and supplemental contracts to any of these, for certificates under direct group policies and contracts, and for unallocated annuity contracts issued by member insurers, except as limited by this article. Annuity contracts and certificates under group annuity contracts include, but are not limited to, guaranteed investment contracts, deposit administration contracts, unallocated funding agreements, allocated funding agreements, structured settlement annuities, annuities issued in connection with government lotteries, and any immediate or deferred annuity contracts.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in §33-26A-3(b)(3) of this code, this article shall not provide coverage for:
(A) A portion of a policy or contract not guaranteed by the member insurer, or under which the risk is borne by the policy or contract owner;
(B) A policy or contract of reinsurance, unless assumption certificates have been issued pursuant to the reinsurance policy or contract;
(C) A portion of a policy or contract to the extent that the rate of interest on which it is based, or the interest rate, crediting rate, or similar factor determined by use of an index or other external reference stated in the policy or contract employed in calculating returns or changes in value:
(i) Averaged over the period of four years prior to the date on which the member insurer becomes an impaired or insolvent insurer under this article, whichever is earlier, exceeds the rate of interest determined by subtracting two percentage points from Moody’s Corporate Bond Yield Average averaged for that same four-year period or for such lesser period if the policy or contract was issued less than four years before the member insurer becomes an impaired or insolvent insurer under this article, whichever is earlier; and
(ii) On and after the date on which the member insurer becomes an impaired or insolvent insurer under this article, whichever is earlier, exceeds the rate of interest determined by subtracting three percentage points from Moody’s Corporate Bond Yield Average as most recently available;
(D) A portion of a policy or contract issued to a plan or program of an employer, association, or other person to provide life, health, or annuity benefits to its employees, members, or others, to the extent that the plan or program is self-funded or uninsured including, but not limited to, benefits payable by an employer, association, or other person under:
(i) A multiple employer welfare arrangement as defined in section 514 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, 29 U.S.C. §1144, as amended;
(ii) A minimum premium group insurance plan;
(iii) A stop-loss group insurance plan; or
(iv) An administrative services only contract;
(E) A portion of a policy or contract to the extent that it provides for:
(i) Dividends or experience rating credits;
(ii) Voting rights; or
(iii) Payment of any fees or allowances to any person, including the policy or contract owner, in connection with the service to or administration of the policy or contract;
(F) A policy or contract issued in this state by a member insurer at a time when it was not licensed or did not have a certificate of authority to issue the policy or contract in this state;
(G) An unallocated annuity contract issued to or in connection with a benefit plan protected under the federal pension benefit guaranty corporation, regardless of whether the federal pension benefit guaranty corporation has yet become liable to make any payments with respect to the benefit plan;
(H) A portion of any unallocated annuity contract that is not issued to or in connection with a specific employee, union, or association of natural persons benefit plan or a government lottery;
(I) A portion of a policy or contract to the extent that the assessments required by §33-26A-9 of this code with respect to the policy or contract are preempted by federal or state law;
(J) An obligation that does not arise under the express written terms of the policy or contract issued by the member insurer to the enrollee, certificate holder, contract owner, or policy owner, including without limitation:
(i) Claims based on marketing materials;
(ii) Claims based on side letters, riders, or other documents that were issued by the member insurer without meeting applicable policy or contract form filing or approval requirements;
(iii) Misrepresentations of or regarding policy or contract benefits;
(iv) Extra-contractual claims; or
(v) A claim for penalties or consequential or incidental damages;
(K) A contractual agreement that establishes the member insurer’s obligations to provide a book value accounting guaranty for defined contribution benefit plan participants by reference to a portfolio of assets that is owned by the benefit plan or its trustee, which in each case is not an affiliate of the member insurer;
(L) A portion of a policy or contract to the extent it provides for interest or other changes in value to be determined by the use of an index or other external reference stated in the policy or contract, but which have not been credited to the policy or contract, or as to which the policy or contract owner’s rights are subject to forfeiture, as of the date the member insurer becomes an impaired or insolvent insurer under this article, whichever is earlier. If a policy’s or contract’s interest or changes in value are credited less frequently than annually, then for purposes of determining the values that have been credited and are not subject to forfeiture, the interest or change in value determined by using the procedures defined in the policy or contract will be credited as if the contractual date of crediting interest or changing values was the date of impairment or insolvency, whichever is earlier, and will not be subject to forfeiture;
(M) A policy or contract providing any hospital, medical, prescription drug, or other health care benefits pursuant to Part C or Part D of Subchapter XVIII, Chapter 7 of Title 42 of the United States Code (commonly known as Medicare Part C & D), or Subchapter XIX, Chapter 7 of Title 42 of the United States Code (commonly known as Medicaid), or any regulations issued pursuant thereto; or
(N) Structured settlement annuity benefits to which a payee (or beneficiary) has transferred his or her rights in a structured settlement factoring transaction as defined in 26 U.S.C. § 5891, regardless of whether the transaction occurred before or after that section became effective.
(3) The exclusion from coverage referenced in §33-26A-3(b)(2)(C) of this code shall not apply to any portion of a policy or contract, including a rider, that provides long-term care or any other health insurance benefits.
(c) The benefits that the association may become liable for shall in no event exceed the lesser of:
(1) The contractual obligations for which the member insurer is liable or would have been liable if it were not an impaired or insolvent insurer; or
(2) (A) With respect to one life, regardless of the number of policies or contracts:
(i) $300,000 in life insurance death benefits, but no more than $100,000 in net cash surrender and net cash withdrawal values for life insurance;
(ii) For health insurance benefits:
(I) $100,000 for coverages not defined as disability income insurance or health benefit plans or long-term care insurance as defined in §33-15A-4 of this code, including any net cash surrender and net cash withdrawal values;
(II) $300,000 for disability income insurance, and $300,000 for long-term care insurance as defined in §33-15A-4 of this code;
(III) $500,000 for health benefit plans;
(iii) $250,000 in the present value of annuity benefits, including net cash surrender and net cash withdrawal values; or
(B) With respect to each individual participating in a governmental retirement plan established under section 401, 403(b), or 457 of the United States Internal Revenue Code covered by an unallocated annuity contract or the beneficiaries of each such individual if deceased, in the aggregate, $250,000 in present value annuity benefits, including net cash surrender and net cash withdrawal values;
(C) With respect to each payee of a structured settlement annuity, or beneficiary or beneficiaries of the payee if deceased, $250,000 in present value annuity benefits, in the aggregate, including net cash surrender and net cash withdrawal values, if any;
(D) However, in no event shall the association be obligated to cover more than:
(i) An aggregate of $300,000 in benefits with respect to any one life under §33-26A-3(c)(2)(A), §33-26A-3(c)(2)(B), or §33-26A-3(c)(2)(C) of this code except with respect to benefits for health benefit plans under §33-26A-3(c)(2)(A)(ii) of this code, in which case the aggregate liability of the association shall not exceed $500,000 with respect to any one individual; or
(ii) With respect to one owner of multiple nongroup policies of life insurance, whether the policy or contract owner is an individual, firm, corporation, or other person, and whether the persons insured are officers, managers, employees, or other persons, more than $5 million in benefits, regardless of the number of policies and contracts held by the owner.
(E) With respect to either one contract owner provided coverage under §33-26A-3(a)(3)(B) of this code, or one plan sponsor whose plans own directly or in trust one or more unallocated annuity contracts not included in §33-26A-3(c)(2)(B) of this code, $5 million in benefits, irrespective of the number of contracts with respect to the contract owner or plan sponsor. However, in the case where one or more unallocated annuity contracts are covered contracts under this article and are owned by a trust or other entity for the benefit of two or more plan sponsors, coverage shall be afforded by the association if the largest interest in the trust or entity owning the contract or contracts is held by a plan sponsor whose principal place of business is in this state. In no event shall the association be obligated to cover more than $5 million in benefits with respect to all of these unallocated contracts.
(F) The limitations set forth in this subsection are limitations on the benefits for which the association is obligated before taking into account either its subrogation and assignment rights or the extent to which those benefits could be provided out of the assets of the impaired or insolvent insurer attributable to covered policies. The costs of the association’s obligations under this article may be met by the use of assets attributable to covered policies or reimbursed to the association pursuant to its subrogation and assignment rights.
(G) For purposes of this article, benefits provided by a long-term care rider to a life insurance policy or annuity contract shall be considered the same type of benefits as the base life insurance policy or annuity contract to which it relates.
(d) In performing its obligations to provide coverage under §33-26A-8 of this code, the association shall not be required to guarantee, assume, reinsure, reissue, or perform, or cause to be guaranteed, assumed, reinsured, reissued, or performed, the contractual obligations of the insolvent or impaired insurer under a covered policy or contract that do not materially affect the economic values or economic benefits of the covered policy or contract.