reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-439.10. Tax credit for purchase of waste motor oil burning equipment

A. For taxable years beginning on and after January 1, 1999, a taxpayer who operates a business facility within the Commonwealth which accepts waste motor oil from the public shall be allowed a credit against the taxes imposed pursuant to Articles 2 (§ 58.1-320 et seq.) and 10 (§ 58.1-400 et seq.) of this chapter in an amount equal to fifty percent of the purchase price paid during the taxable year for equipment used exclusively for burning waste motor oil at the business facility. The total credit allowed to any taxpayer under this section in any taxable year shall not exceed $5,000.
B. The Department of Environmental Quality shall certify that such equipment is used to burn waste motor oil at a business facility within the Commonwealth which accepts waste motor oil from the public before the taxpayer shall be entitled to the tax credit under this section. The taxpayer shall also submit with his income tax return such receipts, invoices, and other documentation as may be necessary to confirm the taxpayer's statement of the purchase price paid for the waste motor oil burning equipment. Any tax credit under this section shall be used only for the taxable year in which the purchase price of the waste motor oil burning equipment was paid.
C. For purposes of this section, the amount of any credit attributable to the purchase of equipment used exclusively for burning waste motor oil by a partnership or electing small business corporation (S corporation) shall be allocated to the individual partners or shareholders in proportion to their ownership or interest in the partnership or S corporation.
1998, c. 896.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-439.12:02. Biodiesel and green diesel fuels producers tax credit

A. For purposes of this section:
"Biodiesel fuel" means a fuel composed of mono-alkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, designated B100, and meeting the requirements of ASTM D6751.
"Green diesel fuel" means a fuel produced from nonfossil renewable resources including agricultural or silvicultural plants, animal fats, residue and waste generated from the production, processing, and marketing of agricultural products, silvicultural products, and other renewable resources, and meeting applicable ASTM specifications.
"Feedstock" means the agricultural or other renewable resources, whether plant or animal derived, used to produce biodiesel or green diesel fuels.
"Producer" means any person, entity, or agricultural cooperative association, as defined in the Agricultural Cooperative Association Act (§ 13.1-312 et seq.) that, in a calendar year, produces in the Commonwealth up to two million gallons of biodiesel or green diesel fuels using feedstock originating domestically within the United States.
B. For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2008, any taxpayer who is a biodiesel fuel or green diesel fuel producer shall be entitled to a nonrefundable credit against the taxes imposed by § 58.1-320 or 58.1-400 in an amount equal to $0.01 per gallon of biodiesel or green diesel fuels produced by such taxpayer. However, the annual amount of the credit shall not exceed $5,000. The taxpayer shall be eligible for the credit during the first three years of production of biodiesel or green diesel fuels.
Any taxpayer entitled to a credit under this section may transfer unused but otherwise allowable credits for use by another taxpayer on Virginia income tax returns. A taxpayer who transfers any amount of the credit in accordance with this section shall file a notification of such transfer to the Department of Taxation in accordance with procedures and forms prescribed by the Tax Commissioner.
C. The Department of Energy shall certify that the biodiesel or green diesel fuels producer has satisfied the requirements of this section for the taxable year in which the credit is allowed. In addition, the taxpayer shall submit with his income tax return all documentation as required by the Department of Taxation. Any credit not usable for the taxable year may be carried over the next three taxable years. The amount of the credit allowed pursuant to this section shall not exceed the tax imposed for such taxable year.
D. For purposes of this section, the amount of any credit attributable to a partnership, electing small business corporation (S corporation), or limited liability company shall be allocated to the individual partners, shareholders, or members, respectively, in proportion to their ownership or interest in such business entity.
2008, c. 482; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 532.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-439.17. Grants in lieu of or in addition to tax credits

The Tobacco Region Revitalization Commission created under § 3.2-3101 may establish a grant program for purposes of encouraging qualified investments and eligible research and development activities in tobacco-dependent localities. If the Commission elects to establish such a program, the program may be in addition to the tax credit programs allowed under former §§ 58.1-439.13 and 58.1-439.14. The criteria to receive grants shall be the same as the criteria for the tax credits allowed under former §§ 58.1-439.13 and 58.1-439.14 as they were in effect on December 31, 2009. In any case where a grant is awarded for any investment or for eligible research and development activity, the person receiving the grant may not use such investment or research and development activity as the basis for claiming any credit provided under the Code of Virginia.
2000, c. 1042; 2016, c. 305.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-439.19. Public policy; business firms; donations

It is hereby declared to be public policy of the Commonwealth to encourage business firms to make donations to neighborhood organizations for the benefit of low-income persons.
1981, c. 629, § 63.1-322; 1997, c. 640; 2002, c. 747, § 63.2-2001; 2008, c. 585; 2012, cc. 731, 842.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-439.23. Donations of contracting services

A. A sole proprietor, partnership or limited liability company engaged in the business of providing contracting services shall be eligible for a tax credit under this article based on the time spent by the proprietor or a partner or member, respectively, who renders contracting services to a program that has received an allocation of tax credits from the Commissioner of Social Services. The value of the contracting services, for purposes of determining the amount of the tax credit allowable, rendered by the proprietor or a partner or member to an approved program shall not exceed the lesser of (i) the reasonable cost for similar services from other providers or (ii) $50 per hour.
B. A business firm shall be eligible for a tax credit under this article for the time spent by a salaried employee who renders contracting services to an approved program. The value of the contracting services, for purposes of determining the amount of tax credit allowed to a business firm for time spent by its salaried employee in rendering contracting services to an approved project, shall be equal to the salary that such employee was actually paid for the period of time that such employee rendered contracting services to the approved program.
1999, cc. 890, 909, § 63.1-325.1; 2002, c. 747, § 63.2-2005; 2008, c. 585.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-439.27. Scholarship foundation eligibility and requirements; list of foundations receiving donations

A. Persons seeking to receive and administer tax-credit-approved funds shall submit information to the Department of Education, which shall determine whether an applicant is a scholarship foundation as defined in § 58.1-439.25. The Department of Education shall prescribe through guidelines what reasonable information shall be submitted by such persons. Notice of approval or denial, including reasons for denial, shall be issued by the Department of Education to the applicant within 60 days after the complete information is submitted. Any approval shall not be withheld unreasonably.
B. The Department of Education shall submit a list of all scholarship foundations that received donations for which tax credits were issued under this article to the Chairmen of the House Committee on Finance and the Senate Committee on Finance and Appropriations no later than December 1 of each year. The list shall report such scholarships for the 12-month period ending on the immediately preceding June 30.
2012, cc. 731, 842; 2013, cc. 713, 716.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-439.29. Definitions

As used in this article, unless the context requires a different meaning:
"Authority" means the Virginia Housing Development Authority, or its successor agency.
"Credit period" means the credit period as defined in § 42(f)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended.
"Eligibility certificate" means a certificate issued by the Authority to the owner of a qualified project certifying that such project qualifies for the Virginia housing opportunity tax credit authorized by this article, and specifying the amount of housing opportunity tax credits that the owner of such qualified project may claim in each year of the credit period. The Authority shall issue an eligibility certificate to a qualified project upon the Authority's approval of a final cost certification that complies with the Authority's requirements.
"Federal low-income housing tax credit" means the federal tax credit as provided in § 42 of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended.
"Housing opportunity tax credit" or "tax credit" means the tax credit created by this article.
"Qualified project" means a qualified low-income building, as defined in § 42(c) of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended, that is located in Virginia, is placed in service on or after January 1, 2021, and is issued an eligibility certificate.
"Qualified taxpayer" means a taxpayer owning an interest, direct or indirect, through one or more pass-through entities, in a qualified project at any time prior to filing a tax return claiming a housing opportunity tax credit.
"Taxpayer" means an individual, corporation, S corporation, partnership, limited partnership, limited liability partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, or nonprofit organization.
"Virginia tax liability" means the income taxes imposed by Articles 2 (§ 58.1-320 et seq.), 6 (§ 58.1-360 et seq.), and 10 (§ 58.1-400 et seq.) of this chapter, Chapter 12 (§ 58.1-1200 et seq.), Article 1 (§ 58.1-2500 et seq.) of Chapter 25, and Article 2 (§ 58.1-2620 et seq.) of Chapter 26. An insurance company claiming a housing opportunity tax credit against the taxes, licenses, and other fees, fines, and penalties imposed by Article 1 of Chapter 25, including any retaliatory tax imposed on insurance companies by the Code of Virginia, shall not be required to pay any additional tax as a result of claiming the housing opportunity tax credit. The housing opportunity tax credit may fully offset any retaliatory tax imposed by the Code of Virginia.
2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 495.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-440. Accounting

A. A corporate taxpayer's taxable year under this chapter shall be the same as his taxable year for federal income tax purposes.
B. If a taxpayer's taxable year is changed for federal income tax purposes, his taxable year for purposes of this chapter shall be similarly changed. If a taxable year of less than twelve months results from a change of taxable year, the Virginia taxable income shall be prorated under regulations of the Department.
C. A taxpayer's method of accounting under this chapter shall be the same as his method of accounting for federal income tax purposes. In the absence of any method of accounting for federal income tax purposes, Virginia taxable income shall be computed under such method as in the opinion of the Tax Commissioner clearly reflects income.
D. If a taxpayer's method of accounting is changed for federal income tax purposes, his method of accounting for purposes of this chapter shall be similarly changed. If a taxpayer's method of accounting is changed, other than from an accrual to an installment method, any additional tax which results from adjustments determined to be necessary solely by reason of the change shall not be greater than if such adjustments were ratably allocated and included for the taxable year of the change and the preceding taxable years, not in excess of two, during which the taxpayer used the method of accounting from which the change is made. If a taxpayer's method of accounting is changed from an accrual to an installment method, any additional tax for the year of such change of method and for any subsequent year which is attributable to the receipt of installment payments properly accrued in a prior year, shall be reduced by the portion of tax for any prior taxable year attributable to the accrual of such installment payments, in accordance with regulations of the Department.
E. In computing a taxpayer's Virginia taxable income for any taxable year under a method of accounting different from the method under which the taxpayer's Virginia taxable income was computed, there shall be taken into account those adjustments which are determined, under regulations prescribed by the Department of Taxation, to be necessary solely by reason of change in order to prevent amounts from being duplicated or omitted.
F. Notwithstanding any of the other provisions of this section, any accounting adjustments made for federal income tax purposes for any taxable year shall be applied in computing the taxpayer's taxable income for such year.
Code 1950, § 58-151.061; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-440.1. Accounting-deferred taxes

In the case of a pipeline distribution company, a gas utility, a gas supplier or an electric supplier, as defined in § 58.1-400.2, that was subject to the tax imposed under § 58.1-2626 with respect to its gross receipts received during the year commencing January 1, 2000, and that on or after January 1, 2001, becomes subject to the corporate income tax pursuant to Article 10 (§ 58.1-400 et seq.) of this chapter, net income shall be computed by taking into account the following adjustments:
In addition to the deductions for depreciation, amortization, or other cost recovery currently allowed by this Code, there shall be allowed deductions for the amortization of the Virginia tax basis of assets that are recoverable for financial accounting and/or income tax purposes placed in service prior to the adjustment date. For purposes of this section, (i) "Virginia tax basis" means the aggregate adjusted book basis less the aggregate adjusted tax basis of such assets as recorded on the company's books of accounts as of the last day of the tax year immediately preceding the adjustment date and (ii) "adjustment date" means the first day of the tax year in which such pipeline distribution company, gas utility, gas supplier or electric supplier becomes subject to the tax imposed by § 58.1-400.2 A. The amortization of the Virginia tax basis shall be computed using the straight-line method over a period of thirty years, beginning on the adjustment date. Gain or loss on the disposition or retirement of any such asset shall be computed using its adjusted federal tax basis, and the amortization of the Virginia tax basis shall continue thereafter without adjustment. The Department of Taxation shall promulgate regulations describing a reasonable method of allocating the Virginia tax basis in the event that a portion of the operations of a pipeline distribution company, gas utility, gas supplier or electric supplier are separated, spun-off, transferred to a separate company or otherwise disaggregated. For gas suppliers, pipeline distribution companies or gas utilities which are required to file an income tax return for a short taxable year pursuant to subsection E of § 58.1-400.2, a portion of the amortized Virginia tax basis will be disallowed based on the proration in computing Virginia taxable income. Such portion will be recovered as a deduction in the first taxable year after which this deduction is no longer applicable.
For rate-making and accounting purposes, the State Corporation Commission shall not require a pipeline distribution company or gas utility to amortize these deferred taxes over a period other than the thirty-year period prescribed herein, nor shall the State Corporation Commission require the treatment of accelerated depreciation different from that allowed for federal income taxes.
1999, c. 971; 2000, cc. 691, 706.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-441. Reports by corporations

A. Every corporation organized under the laws of the Commonwealth, or having income from Virginia sources, other than a Subchapter S corporation subject to the return filing requirements of § 58.1-392, shall make a report to the Department on or before the fifteenth day of the fourth month following the close of its taxable year. Such reports shall be made on forms prescribed by the Department and shall contain such information, including the gross receipts from any business carried on in the Commonwealth and a depreciation schedule of property used in such trade or business, as may be necessary for the proper enforcement of this chapter and be accompanied by a copy of any federal tax return or report filed for such taxable year. The Department shall not require any nonprofit organization created exclusively to assist a law-enforcement official or agency in apprehending and convicting perpetrators of crimes, to report on such returns, or otherwise, the names of individuals or amounts paid to such individuals by the organization for providing information about certain crimes.
Receivers, trustees in dissolution, trustees in bankruptcy, and assignees, operating the property or business of corporations must make returns of income for such corporations. If a receiver has full custody of and control over the business or property of a corporation, he shall be deemed to be operating such business or property, whether he is engaged in carrying on the business for which the corporation was organized or only in marshaling, selling, or disposing of its assets for purposes of liquidation.
B. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection A, every organization to whom subdivision 5 of § 58.1-401 applies, and having unrelated business taxable income or other taxable income, shall make a report to the Department on or before the fifteenth day of the sixth month following the close of the organization's taxable year.
Code 1950, §§ 58-151.062, 58-151.078; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1972, cc. 465, 827; 1978, c. 796; 1984, c. 675; 1988, c. 444; 2003, c. 376; 2004, Sp. Sess. I, c. 3.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-443. Prohibition of worldwide consolidation or combination

Notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter, the Department shall not require, and no corporation may elect, that a consolidation or combination of an affiliated group include any controlled foreign corporation, the income of which is derived from sources without the United States.
Code 1950, § 58-151.079:1; 1981, c. 402; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-444. Several liability of affiliated corporations

Each affiliated corporation which was included in the consolidated return for any part of the consolidated return year shall be jointly and severally liable for the tax for such year computed in accordance with § 58.1-442 and regulations prescribed by the Department for the filing of the consolidated return for such year.
No agreement entered into by one or more members of the affiliated group with any other member of such group or with any other person shall in any case have the effect of reducing the liability prescribed under this section.
Code 1950, § 58-151.080; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1977, c. 243; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-445. Consolidation of accounts

In any case of two or more related trades or businesses liable to taxation under this chapter owned or controlled directly or indirectly by the same interests, the Department may, and at the request of the taxpayer shall, if necessary in order to make an accurate distribution or apportionment of gains, profits, income, deductions or capital between or among such related trades or businesses, consolidate the accounts of such related trades or businesses.
Code 1950, § 58-151.082; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-446. Price manipulation; intercorporate transactions; parent corporations and subsidiaries

When any corporation liable to taxation under this chapter by agreement or otherwise conducts the business of such corporation in such manner as either directly or indirectly to benefit the members or stockholders of the corporation, or any of them, or any person or persons directly or indirectly interested in such business, by either buying or selling its products or the goods or commodities in which it deals at more or less than a fair price which might be obtained therefor, or when such a corporation sells its products, goods or commodities to another corporation or acquires and disposes of the products, goods or commodities of another corporation in such manner as to create a loss or improper taxable income, and such other corporation by stock ownership, agreement or otherwise controls or is controlled by the corporation liable to taxation under this chapter, the Department may require such facts as it deems necessary for the proper computation provided by this chapter and may for the purpose determine the amount which shall be deemed to be the Virginia taxable income of the business of such corporation for the taxable year. In determining such income, the Department shall have regard to the fair profits which, but for any agreement, arrangement or understanding, might be, or could have been, obtained from dealing in such products, goods or commodities.
Any corporation liable to taxation under this chapter and either owned or controlled by or owning or controlling, either directly or indirectly, another corporation may be required by the Department to make a report consolidated with such other corporation showing the combined gross and net income and such other information as the Department may require, but excluding intercorporate stockholdings and the intercorporate accounts. In case it appears to the Department that any arrangements exist in such a manner as improperly to reflect the business done or the Virginia taxable income earned from business done in this Commonwealth, the Department may, in such manner as it may determine, equitably adjust the tax. In all cases mentioned in this paragraph, such other corporations not otherwise liable to taxation under this chapter shall, for the purposes of this chapter, be deemed to be doing business in Virginia through the agency of the corporation liable to taxation under this chapter.
Code 1950, § 58-151.083; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-447. Execution of returns of corporations

The return of a corporation with respect to income shall be signed by any officer duly authorized so to act. In the case of a return made for a corporation by a fiduciary, such fiduciary shall sign the return. The fact that an individual's name is signed on the return shall be prima facie evidence that such individual is authorized to sign the return on behalf of the corporation.
Code 1950, § 58-151.084; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-448. Forms to be furnished

Duplicate blank forms of reports shall be furnished by mail by the Department to the taxpayer at least thirty days before the time for filing returns, but failure to secure such a blank shall not release any corporation from the obligation of making any report herein required.
Code 1950, § 58-151.085; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-449. Supplemental reports

The Department may require a further or supplemental report under this chapter to contain further information and data necessary for the computation of the tax herein provided.
Code 1950, § 58-151.086; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-450. Failure of corporation to make report or return

Any corporation which fails to make any report or return required by this chapter within the time required shall be liable to a penalty equal to six percent of the amount of taxes assessable thereon if the failure is for not more than one month, with an additional six percent for each additional month or fraction thereof during which such failure to file continues, not exceeding thirty percent in the aggregate. In no case, however, shall the penalty be less than $100, and such minimum penalty shall apply whether or not any tax is due for the period for which the filing of a report or return is required. Such penalty is to be assessed and collected by the Department, in the manner provided for the assessment and collection of taxes under this chapter or in a civil action, at the instance of the Department. In addition such corporation shall be compellable by mandamus to make such report or return.
Code 1950, § 58-151.087; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1984, c. 675; 1989, cc. 629, 642; 1991, cc. 316, 331.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-451. Fraudulent returns, etc., of corporations; penalty

Any officer of any corporation who makes a fraudulent return or statement with intent to evade the payment of the taxes prescribed by this chapter shall be liable to a penalty of not more than $1,000, to be assessed and collected in the manner prescribed in § 58.1-450.
Code 1950, § 58-151.088; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-452. Fraudulent returns; criminal liability; penalty

In addition to other penalties provided by law, any officer of any corporation who makes a fraudulent return or statement with intent to evade the payment of the taxes prescribed by this chapter shall be guilty of a Class 6 felony. A prosecution under this section shall be commenced within five years next after the commission of the offense.
Code 1950, § 58-151.089; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1984, c. 675; 2003, c. 180.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-453. Extension of time for filing returns by corporations

A. In accordance with procedures established by the Tax Commissioner, any corporation may elect an extension of time within which to file the income tax return required under this chapter to the date six months after such due date or 30 days after the extended date for filing the federal income tax return, whichever is later, provided that the estimated tax due is paid in accordance with the provisions of subsection B.
B. Any taxpayer desiring an extension of time in accordance with the provisions of subsection A shall, on or before the original due date for the filing of such return, in accordance with the procedures established by the Tax Commissioner pay the full amount properly estimated as the balance of the tax due for the taxable year after giving effect to any estimated tax payments under § 58.1-491 and any tax credit under § 58.1-499. If any amount of the balance of the tax due is underestimated, interest at the rate prescribed in § 58.1-15 will be assessed on such amount from the original due date for filing of the income tax return to the date of payment. In addition to interest, if the underestimation of the balance of tax due exceeds 10 percent of the actual tax liability, there shall be added to the tax as a penalty an amount equal to two percent per month for each month or fraction thereof from the original due date for the filing of the income tax return to the date of payment.
C. If the return is not filed, or the full amount of the tax due is not paid, on or before the extended due date elected under subsection A, the penalty imposed by § 58.1-450 or 58.1-455 shall apply as if no extension had been granted.
Code 1950, § 58-151.090; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1976, c. 720; 1984, c. 675; 1991, cc. 362, 456; 2005, c. 100.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-454. Department may estimate corporation's tax when no return filed

If any report or return required to be made by any corporation under this chapter is not made as herein required, the Department is authorized to make an estimate of the net income of such corporation and of the amount of tax due under this chapter, from any information in its possession, and to order and state an account according to such estimate for the taxes, penalties and interest due to the Commonwealth from such corporation.
Code 1950, § 58-151.091; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-455. Time of payment of corporation income taxes; penalty and interest for nonpayment

A. Every corporation liable for income tax shall pay the same to the Department at the time fixed by law for filing the return. The full amount of the tax payable as shown on the face of the return shall be so paid. A corporation may file its return and pay its tax in full in the closing days of its taxable year provided it is able to prepare a complete return.
If any payment is not made in full when due, there shall be added to the entire tax or to any unpaid balance of the tax, a penalty of six percent of the amount thereof, if the failure is for not more than one month, with an additional six percent for each additional month or fraction thereof during which such failure to pay continues, not exceeding thirty percent in the aggregate. The entire tax or any unpaid balance of the tax, together with such penalty, will immediately become collectible. Interest upon such tax or any unpaid balance of the tax, and on the accrued penalty, shall be added at a rate determined in accordance with § 58.1-15, from the date the tax or any unpaid balance of the tax was originally due until paid. In the case of an additional tax assessed by the Department, if the return was made in good faith and the understatement of the amount in the return was not due to any fault of the taxpayer, there shall be no penalty on the additional tax because of such understatement, but interest shall be added to the amount of the deficiency at a rate determined in accordance with § 58.1-15, from the time the return was required by law to be filed until paid.
The penalty under this subsection shall not be applicable to any month or fraction thereof for which the corporation is subject to the penalty imposed under § 58.1-450. In no event shall the total amount of penalty assessed under this subsection and under § 58.1-450 exceed thirty percent in the aggregate.
B. If the understatement is false or fraudulent with intent to evade the tax, a penalty of 100 percent shall be added together with interest on the tax at a rate determined in accordance with § 58.1-15, from the time the return was required by law to be filed until paid.
Nothing contained in this section shall prevent the taxpayer from applying to the circuit court of the county or the city wherein the corporation is located for a correction of the assessment made by the Department, with right of appeal in the manner provided by law.
Code 1950, § 58-151.093; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1977, c. 396; 1984, c. 675; 1989, cc. 629, 642; 1991, cc. 316, 331.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-461. Requirement of withholding

Every employer making payment of wages shall deduct and withhold with respect to the wages of each employee for each payroll period an amount determined as follows: Such amount which, if an equal amount was collected for each similar payroll period with respect to a similar amount of wages for each payroll period during an entire calendar year, would aggregate or approximate the income tax liability of such employee under this chapter after making allowance for the personal exemptions to which such employee could be entitled on the basis of his status during such payroll period and after making allowance for withholding purposes for a standard deduction from wages in accordance with the laws of the United States relating to federal income taxes and after making an allowance for any credit available to the employee as provided by § 58.1-332, and without making allowance for any other deductions. In determining the amount to be deducted and withheld under this article, the wages may, at the election of the employer, be computed to the nearest dollar.
An employer shall not be required to deduct any amount upon a payment of wages to an employee if there is in effect with respect to such payment a withholding exemption certificate, in such form and containing such other information as the Tax Commissioner may prescribe, furnished by the employee to the employer, certifying that the employee: (i) incurred no liability for income tax imposed by this chapter for his preceding taxable year; and (ii) anticipates that he will incur no liability for income tax imposed by this chapter for his current taxable year.
Code 1950, § 58-151.2; 1962, c. 612; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1972, c. 827; 1984, cc. 675, 682.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-462. Withholding tables

The amount of tax to be withheld for each individual shall be based upon tables to be prepared and distributed by the Tax Commissioner. The tables shall be computed for the several permissible withholding periods and shall take account of the number of exemptions allowed under the laws of the United States relating to federal income taxes and the standard deduction as provided in § 58.1-461. The amounts computed for withholding shall be such that the amount withheld for any individual during his taxable year shall approximate in the aggregate as closely as practicable the tax which is levied and imposed under this chapter for that taxable year, upon his salary, wages or compensation for personal services of any kind for the employer.
Code 1950, § 58-151.3; 1962, c. 612; 1971, Ex. Sess., c. 171; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-463. Other methods of withholding

The Tax Commissioner may grant permission to employers who do not desire to use the withholding tax tables provided in accordance with § 58.1-462, to determine the amount of tax to be withheld by use of a method of withholding other than withholding tax tables, provided such method will withhold from each employee substantially the same amount of tax as would be withheld by use of the withholding tax tables. Employers who desire to determine the amount of tax to be withheld by a method other than by use of the withholding tax tables shall obtain permission from the Tax Commissioner before the beginning of a payroll period for which the employer desires to withhold the tax by such other method. Applications to use such other method must be accompanied by evidence establishing the need for the use of such method.
Code 1950, § 58-151.4; 1962, c. 612; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-464. Miscellaneous payroll period applicable to withholding in payment of certain wages; withholding on basis of average wages

A. If wages are paid with respect to a period which is not a payroll period, the amount to be deducted and withheld shall be that applicable in the case of a miscellaneous payroll period containing a number of days including Sundays and holidays, equal to the number of days in the period with respect to which such wages are paid.
B. In any case in which wages are paid by an employer without regard to any payroll period or other period, the amount to be deducted and withheld shall be that applicable in the case of a miscellaneous payroll period containing a number of days equal to the number of days, including Sundays and holidays, which have elapsed since the date of the last payment of such wages by such employer during the calendar year, or the date of commencement of employment with such employer during such year, or January 1 of such year, whichever is the later.
C. The Tax Commissioner may, by regulations, authorize employers:
1. To estimate the wages which will be paid to any employee in any quarter of the calendar year;
2. To determine the amount to be deducted and withheld upon each payment of wages to such employee during such quarter as if the appropriate average of the wages so estimated constituted the actual wages paid; and
3. To deduct and withhold upon any payment of wages to such employee during such quarter such amount as may be necessary to adjust the amount actually deducted and withheld upon the wages of such employee during such quarter to the amount that would be required to be deducted and withheld during such quarter without regard to this subsection C.
Code 1950, § 58-151.5; 1962, c. 612; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-465. Overlapping pay periods, and payment by agent or fiduciary

The manner of withholding and the amount to be deducted and withheld under this article shall be determined in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Tax Commissioner under which the withholding exemption allowed to the employee in any calendar year shall approximate the withholding exemption allowable with respect to an annual payroll period, if a payment of wages is made to an employee by an employer:
1. With respect to a payroll period or other period, any part of which is included in a payroll period or other period with respect to which wages are also paid to such employee by such employer;
2. Without regard to any payroll period or other period, but on or prior to the expiration of a payroll period or other period with respect to which wages are also paid to such employee by such employer;
3. With respect to a period beginning in one and ending in another calendar year; or
4. Through an agent, fiduciary, or other person who also has the control, receipt, custody, or disposal of, or pays, the wages payable by another employer to such employee.
Code 1950, § 58-151.6; 1962, c. 612; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-466. Additional withholding

The Tax Commissioner is authorized to provide by regulations, under such conditions and to such extent as he deems proper, for withholding in addition to that otherwise required under this article in cases in which the employer and the employee agree to such additional withholding. Such additional withholding shall for all purposes be considered tax required to be deducted and withheld under this article.
Code 1950, § 58-151.7; 1962, c. 612; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-467. Failure of employer to withhold tax; payment by recipient of wages

If the employer, in violation of the provisions of this article, fails to deduct and withhold the tax under this article, and thereafter the tax against which such tax may be credited is paid, the tax so required to be deducted and withheld shall not be collected from the employer. This section shall in no case relieve the employer from liability for any penalties or additions to the tax otherwise applicable in respect of such failure to deduct and withhold.
Code 1950, § 58-151.8; 1962, c. 612; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-468. Failure of employer to pay over tax withheld

In the event that any employer deducts and withholds taxes from the compensation of an employee but fails to pay over the money so deducted and withheld to the Commonwealth, such employee shall not be held liable for the payment of such taxes but shall be entitled to a credit for the moneys so deducted and withheld as if the same had legally been paid over by the employer as required by this chapter. The burden of proving that such an employer deducted and lawfully withheld state income tax shall rest upon the employee.
Code 1950, § 58-151.8:1; 1970, c. 369; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-469. Included and excluded wages

If the remuneration paid by an employer to an employee for services performed during one-half or more of any payroll period of not more than thirty-one consecutive days constitutes wages, all the remuneration paid by such employer to such employee for such period shall be deemed to be wages; but if the remuneration paid by an employer to an employee for services performed during more than one-half of any such payroll period does not constitute wages, then none of the remuneration paid by such employer to such employee for such period shall be deemed to be wages.
Code 1950, § 58-151.9; 1962, c. 612; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-471. Fraudulent withholding exemption certificate or failure to supply information

Any individual required to supply information to his employer under this article who willfully supplies false or fraudulent information, or who willfully fails to supply information thereunder which would require an increase in the tax to be withheld under this article, shall be guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.
Code 1950, § 58-151.12; 1962, c. 612; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-472. Employer's returns and payments of withheld taxes

Every employer required to deduct and withhold from an employee's wages under this article shall make return and pay over to the Tax Commissioner the amount required to be withheld hereunder as follows:
1. Every employer whose monthly liability is less than $100 or who is subject to subdivision 3 shall make return and pay over the required amount on or before the last day of the month following the close of each quarterly period;
2. Every employer whose average monthly liability can reasonably be expected to be $100 or more shall file a return and pay the tax monthly, on or before the twenty-fifth day of the following month;
3. Every employer whose average monthly liability can reasonably be expected to be $1,000 or more and the aggregate amount required to be withheld by any employer exceeds $500 shall, in addition to the requirements of subdivision 1, file a form with the Tax Commissioner within three banking days following the close of any period for which the employer is required to deposit federal withholding tax and pay the amount so withheld, except when a payment is due within three days of the due date for the filing of the quarterly returns, then such payment shall be made with such return. Any employer otherwise required to file a return and pay the withholding tax pursuant to this subdivision that has no more than five employees subject to withholding under this article may request a waiver from the Tax Commissioner authorizing the employer to file the return and pay the withholding tax pursuant to subdivision 2.
The Tax Commissioner may authorize an employer to file seasonal returns when in his opinion the administration of the tax imposed under this article would be enhanced. Any employer making payment under subdivision 3 will be deemed to have met the requirements hereof if at least ninety percent of actual tax liability for such period is paid. Employers authorized to file seasonal returns under this paragraph shall file each return on or before the twentieth of the month following the close of the reporting period.
The returns and forms filed under this section shall be in such electronic medium and contain such information as the Tax Commissioner may prescribe.
Code 1950, § 58-151.13; 1962, c. 612; 1968, c. 12; 1970, c. 540; 1972, c. 827; 1973, c. 279; 1974, c. 636; 1975, c. 49; 1977, cc. 396, 663; 1981, c. 283; 1984, c. 675; 1988, c. 899; 1991, cc. 362, 456; 2007, c. 753; 2015, c. 156; 2016, cc. 660, 676.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-473. Jeopardy assessments

If the Tax Commissioner, in any case, has reason to believe that the collection of moneys, required by this article to be withheld by the employer, is in jeopardy, he may require the employer to make such return and pay to the Tax Commissioner such amounts required to be withheld at any time the Tax Commissioner may designate therefor subsequent to the time when such amounts should have been deducted from wages and withheld.
Code 1950, § 58-151.13; 1962, c. 612; 1968, c. 12; 1970, c. 540; 1972, c. 827; 1973, c. 279; 1974, c. 636; 1975, c. 49; 1977, cc. 396, 663; 1981, c. 283; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-474. Liability of employer for failure to withhold

Every employer who fails to withhold or pay to the Tax Commissioner any sums required by this article to be withheld and paid shall be personally and individually liable therefor. Any sum or sums withheld in accordance with the provisions of this article shall be deemed to be held in trust for the Commonwealth.
Code 1950, § 58-151.13; 1962, c. 612; 1968, c. 12; 1970, c. 540; 1972, c. 827; 1973, c. 279; 1974, c. 636; 1975, c. 49; 1977, cc. 396, 663; 1981, c. 283; 1984, c. 675.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 58.1 - Taxation › Chapter 3 - Income Tax › § 58.1-475. Penalty for failure to withhold

A. Any employer required under the provisions of this article to deduct and withhold from wages and make returns and payments of amounts withheld to the Tax Commissioner, who fails to withhold such amounts or to make such returns, or who fails to remit amounts collected to the Tax Commissioner, or otherwise fails to remit to the Tax Commissioner as required by this article, shall be subject to a penalty equal to six percent of the amount that should have been properly withheld and paid over to the Tax Commissioner if the failure is for not more than one month, with an additional six percent for each additional month or fraction thereof during which such failure continues, not exceeding thirty percent in the aggregate. In no case however, shall the penalty be less than ten dollars and such minimum penalty shall apply whether or not any tax is due for the period for which the filing of such return was required.
Interest at a rate determined in accordance with § 58.1-15, shall accrue on the tax until paid, or until an assessment is made, after which interest shall accrue as provided in § 58.1-15. Such penalty and interest shall be assessed by the Tax Commissioner and shall be collected by him in the same manner as the collection of taxes may be enforced under this title.
B. Upon failure of any employer to pay over any amounts withheld or required to be withheld by the employer under this article, the Tax Commissioner may make assessments and enforce the collection of such amounts, including penalties, by any legal process provided for the enforcement of the collection of taxes under this title.
Code 1950, § 58-151.13; 1962, c. 612; 1968, c. 12; 1970, c. 540; 1972, c. 827; 1973, c. 279; 1974, c. 636; 1975, c. 49; 1977, cc. 396, 663; 1981, c. 283; 1984, c. 675; 1991, cc. 316, 331.