2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 71 - Income and franchise taxes for state and local revenues. › 71.26 - Income computation.

71.26
Income computation.
(1)
Exempt and excludable income. There shall be exempt from taxation under this subchapter income as follows:
(a)
Certain corporations. Income of corporations organized under ch. 185, except income of a cooperative health care association organized under s. 185.981, or of a service insurance corporation organized under ch. 613, that is derived from a health maintenance organization as defined in s. 609.01 (2) or a limited service health organization as defined in s. 609.01 (3), or operating under subch. I of ch. 616 which are bona fide cooperatives operated without pecuniary profit to any shareholder or member, or operated on a cooperative plan pursuant to which they determine and distribute their proceeds in substantial compliance with s. 185.45, and the income, except the unrelated business taxable income as defined in section 512 of the internal revenue code and except income that is derived from a health maintenance organization as defined in s. 609.01 (2) or a limited service health organization as defined in s. 609.01 (3), of all religious, scientific, educational, benevolent or other corporations or associations of individuals not organized or conducted for pecuniary profit. This paragraph does not apply to the income of savings banks, mutual loan corporations or savings and loan associations. This paragraph does not apply to income that is realized from the sale of or purchase and subsequent sale or redemption of lottery prizes if the winning tickets were originally bought in this state. This paragraph applies to the income of credit unions except to the income of any credit union that is derived from public deposits for any taxable year in which the credit union is approved as a public depository under ch. 34 and acts as a depository of state or local funds under s. 186.113 (20). For purposes of this paragraph, the income of a credit union that is derived from public deposits is the product of the credit union's gross annual income for the taxable year multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the average monthly balance of public deposits in the credit union during the taxable year, and the denominator of which is the average monthly balance of all deposits in the credit union during the taxable year.
(am)
Veterans service organizations. Income of a veterans service organization that is chartered under federal law.
(b)
Political units. Income received by the United States, the state and all counties, cities, villages, towns, school districts, technical college districts, joint local water authorities created under s. 66.0823, long-term care districts under s. 46.2895 or other political units of this state.
(be)
Certain authorities. Income of the University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics Authority, of the Fox River Navigational System Authority, of the Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation, and of the Wisconsin Aerospace Authority.
(bm)
Certain local districts. Income of a local exposition district created under subch. II of ch. 229, a local professional baseball park district created under subch. III of ch. 229, a local professional football stadium district created under subch. IV of ch. 229, or a local cultural arts district created under subch. V of ch. 229.
(c)
Cooperative associations or corporations. Income of cooperative associations or corporations engaged in marketing farm products for producers, which turn back to such producers the net proceeds of the sales of their products; provided that such corporations or associations have at least 25 stockholders or members delivering such products and that their dividends have not, during the preceding 5 years, exceeded 8 percent per year; also income of associations and corporations engaged solely in processing and marketing farm products for one such cooperative association or corporation and which do not charge for such marketing and processing more than a sufficient amount to pay the cost of such marketing and processing and 8 percent dividends on their capital stock and to add 5 percent to their surplus.
(d)
Bank in liquidation. Income of any bank placed in the hands of the division of banking for liquidation under s. 220.08, if the tax levied, assessed or collected under this chapter on account of such bank diminishes the assets thereof so that full payment of all depositors cannot be made. Whenever the division of banking certifies to the department of revenue that the tax or any part thereof levied and assessed under this chapter against any such bank will so diminish the assets thereof that full payment of all depositors cannot be made, the department of revenue shall cancel and abate such tax or part thereof, together with any penalty thereon. This paragraph shall apply to unpaid taxes which were levied and assessed subsequent to the time the bank was taken over by the division of banking.
(e)
Menominee Indian tribe; distribution of assets. No distribution of assets from the United States to the members of the Menominee Indian tribe as defined in s. 49.385 or their lawful distributees, or to any corporation, or organization, created by the tribe or at its direction pursuant to section 8 of P.L. 83-399, as amended, and no issuance of stocks, bonds, certificates of indebtedness, voting trust certificates or other securities by any such corporation or organization, or voting trust, to such members of the tribe or their lawful distributees shall be subject to income or franchise taxes under this chapter; provided that so much of any cash distribution made under said P.L. 83-399 as consists of a share of any interest earned on funds deposited in the treasury of the United States pursuant to the supplemental appropriation act, 1952, (65 Stat. 736, 754) shall not by virtue of this paragraph be exempt from the individual income tax of this state in the hands of the recipients for the year in which paid. For the purpose of ascertaining the gain or loss resulting from the sale or other disposition of such assets and stocks, bonds, certificates of indebtedness and other securities under this chapter, the fair market value of such property, on termination date as defined in s. 70.057 (1), 1967 stats., shall be the basis for determining the amount of such gain or loss.
(f)
Real estate mortgage investment conduits. The income of a real estate mortgage investment conduit that is exempt for federal income tax purposes under section 860A of the internal revenue code.
(g)
Landowner incentive program. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2006 and ending before January 1, 2016, the amount of any incentive payment received by an individual under s. 23.33 (5r), 2013 stats., in the taxable year to which the claim relates.
(h)
Small business job creation. An amount equal to the increase in the number of full-time equivalent employees employed by the taxpayer in this state during the taxable year, multiplied by $4,000 for a business with gross receipts of no greater than $5,000,000 in the taxable year or $2,000 for a business with gross receipts greater than $5,000,000 in the taxable year. For purposes of this paragraph, the increase in the number of full-time equivalent employees employed by the taxpayer in this state during the taxable year is determined by subtracting from the number of full-time equivalent employees employed by the taxpayer in this state during the taxable year, as determined by computing the average employee count from the taxpayer's quarterly unemployment insurance reports or other information as required by the department for the taxable year, the number of full-time equivalent employees employed by the taxpayer in this state during the immediately preceding taxable year, as determined by computing the average employee count from the taxpayer's quarterly unemployment insurance reports or other information as required by the department for the immediately preceding taxable year. No person may claim a deduction under this paragraph if the person may claim a credit under this subchapter based on the person relocating the person's business from another state to this state and in an amount equal to the person's tax liability. No person may claim a deduction under this paragraph for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2014. The department shall promulgate rules to administer this paragraph.
(i)
Commercial loans. Income of a financial institution, as defined in s. 69.30 (1) (b), including interest, fees, and penalties, derived from a commercial loan of five million dollars or less provided to a person residing or located in this state and used primarily for a business or agricultural purpose.
(1m)
Exemption from the income tax. The interest and income from the following obligations are exempt from the tax imposed under s. 71.23 (1):
(b)
Those issued under s. 66.1201.
(c)
Those issued under s. 66.1333.
(d)
Those issued under s. 66.1335.
(e)
Those issued under s. 234.65 to fund an economic development loan to finance construction, renovation or development of property that would be exempt under s. 70.11 (36).
(em)
Those issued under s. 234.08 or 234.61, on or after January 1, 2004, if the obligations are issued to fund multifamily affordable housing projects or elderly housing projects.
(f)
Those issued under subch. II of ch. 229.
(g)
Those issued under s. 66.0621 by a local professional baseball park district, a local professional football stadium district, or a local cultural arts district.
(h)
Those issued under s. 114.70 or 114.74.
(i)
Those issued under s. 231.03 (6), on or after October 27, 2007, if the proceeds from the obligations that are issued are used by a health facility, as defined in s. 231.01 (5), to fund the acquisition of information technology hardware or software.
(k)
Those issued under s. 66.0304, if any of the following applies:
1.
The bonds or notes are used to fund multifamily affordable housing projects or elderly housing projects in this state, and the Wisconsin Housing and Economic Development Authority has the authority to issue its bonds or notes for the project being funded.
2.
The bonds or notes are used by a health facility, as defined in s. 231.01 (5), to fund the acquisition of information technology hardware or software, in this state, and the Wisconsin Health and Educational Facilities Authority has the authority to issue its bonds or notes for the project being funded.
3.
The bonds or notes are issued to fund a redevelopment project in this state or a housing project in this state, and the authority exists for bonds or notes to be issued by an entity described under s. 66.1201, 66.1333, or 66.1335.
(L)
Those issued under s. 231.03 (6), if the bonds or notes are issued for the benefit of a person who is eligible to receive the proceeds of bonds or notes from another entity for the same purpose for which the bonds or notes are issued under s. 231.03 (6) and the interest income received from the other bonds or notes is exempt from taxation under this subchapter.
(m)
Those issued by the Wisconsin Housing and Economic Development Authority to provide loans to a public affairs network under s. 234.75 (4).
(n)
Those issued by a sponsoring municipality to assist a local exposition district created under subch. II of ch. 229.
(o)
Those issued by the Wisconsin Health and Educational Facilities Authority under s. 231.03 (6), if the bonds or notes are issued in an amount totaling $35,000,000 or less, and to the extent that the interest income received is not otherwise exempt under this subsection.
(2)
Net income.
(a)
Corporations in general. The “net income" of a corporation means the gross income as computed under the Internal Revenue Code as modified under sub. (3) and modified as follows:
2.
Plus the amount of credit computed under s. 71.28 (1), (3), (4), (4m), and (5).
3.
Minus, as provided under s. 71.28 (3) (c) 7., the amount of the credit under s. 71.28 (3) that the taxpayer added to income under this paragraph at the time that the taxpayer first claimed the credit.
4.
Plus the amount of the credit computed under s. 71.28 (1dm), (1dx), (1dy), (3g), (3h), (3n), (3q), (3t), (3w), (3wm), (3y), (5e), (5g), (5i), (5j), (5k), (5r), (5rm), (6n), and (10) and not passed through by a partnership, limited liability company, or tax-option corporation that has added that amount to the partnership's, limited liability company's, or tax-option corporation's income under s. 71.21 (4) or 71.34 (1k) (g).
5.
Plus the amount of losses from the sale or other disposition of assets the gain from which would be wholly exempt income, as defined in sub. (3) (L), if the assets were sold or otherwise disposed of at a gain and minus deductions, as computed under the Internal Revenue Code as modified under sub. (3).
6.
Plus or minus, as appropriate, an amount equal to the difference between the federal basis and Wisconsin basis of any asset sold, exchanged, abandoned, or otherwise disposed of in a taxable transaction during the taxable year, except as provided in par. (b) and s. 71.45 (2) and (5).
7.
Plus the amount deducted or excluded under the Internal Revenue Code for interest expenses, rental expenses, intangible expenses, and management fees that are directly or indirectly paid, accrued, or incurred to, or in connection directly or indirectly with one or more direct or indirect transactions with, one or more related entities.
8.
Minus the amount added to gross income under subd. 7., to the extent that the conditions under s. 71.80 (23) are satisfied.
9.
Minus the amount added, pursuant to subd. 7. or s. 71.05 (6) (a) 24., 71.34 (1k) (j), or 71.45 (2) (a) 16., to the federal income of a related entity that paid interest expenses, rental expenses, intangible expenses, or management fees to the corporation, to the extent that the related entity could not offset such amount with the deduction allowable under subd. 8. or s. 71.05 (6) (b) 45., 71.34 (1k) (k), or 71.45 (2) (a) 17.
11.
Plus the amount computed under s. 71.28 (5n) in the previous taxable year that is not included in federal taxable income.
12.
Minus the income of an out-of-state business, as defined in s. 323.12 (5) (a) 6., from disaster relief work, as defined in s. 323.12 (5) (a) 3.
(b)
Regulated investment companies, real estate mortgage investment conduits, real estate investment trusts and financial asset securitization investment trusts.
10.
a.
For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2013, and before January 1, 2017, for a corporation, conduit, or common law trust which qualifies as a regulated investment company, real estate mortgage investment conduit, real estate investment trust, or financial asset securitization investment trust under the Internal Revenue Code, “net income" means the federal regulated investment company taxable income, federal real estate mortgage investment conduit taxable income, federal real estate investment trust or financial asset securitization investment trust taxable income of the corporation, conduit, or trust as determined under the Internal Revenue Code.
b.
For purposes of subd. 10. a., “Internal Revenue Code" means the federal Internal Revenue Code as amended to December 31, 2013, except as provided in subd. 10. c. and d. and subject to subd. 10. e.
c.
For purposes of subd. 10. a., “Internal Revenue Code" does not include the following provisions of federal public laws for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2013: section 13113 of P.L 103-66; sections 1, 3, 4, and 5 of P.L. 106-519; sections 101, 102, and 422 of P.L 108-357; sections 1310 and 1351 of P.L. 109-58; section 11146 of P.L. 109-59; section 403 (q) of P.L. 109-135; section 513 of P.L. 109-222; sections 104 and 307 of P.L. 109-432; sections 8233 and 8235 of P.L. 110-28; section 11 (e) and (g) of P.L. 110-172; section 301 of P.L. 110-245; sections 15303 and 15351 of P.L. 110-246; section 302 of division A, section 401 of division B, and sections 312, 322, 502 (c), 707, and 801 of division C of P.L. 110-343; sections 1232, 1241, 1251, 1501, and 1502 of division B of P.L. 111-5; sections 211, 212, 213, 214, and 216 of P.L. 111-226; sections 2011 and 2122 of P.L. 111-240; sections 753, 754, and 760 of P.L. 111-312; section 1106 of P.L. 112-95; and sections 104, 318, 322, 323, 324, 326, 327, and 411 of P.L. 112-240.
d.
For purposes of subd. 10. a., “Internal Revenue Code" does not include amendments to the federal Internal Revenue Code enacted after December 31, 2013, except that “Internal Revenue Code" includes the provisions of P.L. 113-97, P.L. 113-159, P.L. 113-168, section 302901 of P.L. 113-287, sections 171, 172, and 201 to 221 of P.L. 113-295, sections 102, 105, and 207 of division B of P.L. 113-295, P.L. 114-14, P.L. 114-26, section 2004 of P.L. 114-41, sections 503 and 504 of P.L. 114-74, sections 103, 104, 124, 168, 184, 185, 190, 204, 303, 306, 336, and 341 of division Q of P.L. 114-113, P.L. 114-239, sections 101 (m), (n), (o), (p), and (q), 104 (a), and 109 of division U of P.L. 115-141, and section 102 of division M and sections 110, 111, and 116 (b) of division O of P.L. 116-94.
e.
For purposes of subd. 10. a., the provisions of federal public laws that directly or indirectly affect the Internal Revenue Code, as defined in this subdivision, apply for Wisconsin purposes at the same time as for federal purposes.
11.
a.
For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2016, and before January 1, 2018, for a corporation, conduit, or common law trust which qualifies as a regulated investment company, real estate mortgage investment conduit, real estate investment trust, or financial asset securitization investment trust under the Internal Revenue Code, “net income" means the federal regulated investment company taxable income, federal real estate mortgage investment conduit taxable income, federal real estate investment trust or financial asset securitization investment trust taxable income of the corporation, conduit, or trust as determined under the Internal Revenue Code.
b.
For purposes of subd. 11. a., “Internal Revenue Code" means the federal Internal Revenue Code as amended to December 31, 2016, except as provided in subd. 11. c. and d. and s. 71.98 and subject to subd. 11. e.
c.
For purposes of subd. 11. a., “Internal Revenue Code" does not include the following provisions of federal public laws for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2016: section 13113 of P.L. 103-66; sections 1, 3, 4, and 5 of P.L. 106-519; sections 101, 102, and 422 of P.L. 108-357; sections 1310 and 1351 of P.L. 109-58; section 11146 of P.L. 109-59; section 403 (q) of P.L. 109-135; section 513 of P.L. 109-222; section 104 of P.L. 109-432; sections 8233 and 8235 of P.L. 110-28; section 11 (e) and (g) of P.L. 110-172; section 301 of P.L. 110-245; section 15351 of P.L. 110-246; section 302 of division A, section 401 of division B, and sections 312, 322, 502 (c), 707, and 801 of division C of P.L. 110-343; sections 1232, 1241, 1251, 1501, and 1502 of division B of P.L. 111-5; sections 211, 212, 213, 214, and 216 of P.L. 111-226; sections 2011 and 2122 of P.L. 111-240; sections 753, 754, and 760 of P.L. 111-312; sections 104, 318, 322, 323, 324, 326, 327, and 411 of P.L. 112-240; P.L. 114-7; section 1101 of P.L. 114-74; section 305 of division P of P.L. 114-113; and sections 112, 123, 125 to 128, 143, 144, 151 to 153, 165 to 167, 169 to 171, 189, 191, 326, and 411 of division Q of P.L. 114-113.
d.
For purposes of subd. 11. a., “Internal Revenue Code" does not include amendments to the federal Internal Revenue Code enacted after December 31, 2016, except that “Internal Revenue Code” includes sections 11024, 11025, and 13543 of P.L. 115-97; sections 40307 and 40413 of P.L. 115-123; sections 101 (m), (n), (o), (p), and (q), 104 (a), and 109 of division U of P.L. 115-141; section 102 of division M and sections 110, 111, and 116 (b) of division O of P.L. 116-94; and section 9707 of P.L. 117-2.
e.
For purposes of subd. 11. a., the provisions of federal public laws that directly or indirectly affect the Internal Revenue Code, as defined in this subdivision, apply for Wisconsin purposes at the same time as for federal purposes, except that changes made by section 4007 (b) of P.L. 114-41, section 1102 of P.L. 114-74, and sections 105, 111, 113 to 115, 133, 301, 302, 304, 305, 308, 311, 313 to 323, 325, 331, and 343 to 345 of division Q of P.L. 114-113 first apply for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2016. Changes made by section 1201 of P.L. 108-173 and section 307 of P.L. 109-432 first apply for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010.
12.
a.
For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, and before January 1, 2021, for a corporation, conduit, or common law trust which qualifies as a regulated investment company, real estate mortgage investment conduit, real estate investment trust, or financial asset securitization investment trust under the Internal Revenue Code, “net income" means the federal regulated investment company taxable income, federal real estate mortgage investment conduit taxable income, federal real estate investment trust or financial asset securitization investment trust taxable income of the corporation, conduit, or trust as determined under the Internal Revenue Code.
b.
For purposes of subd. 12. a., “Internal Revenue Code" means the federal Internal Revenue Code as amended to December 31, 2017, except as provided in subd. 12. c. and d. and s. 71.98 and subject to subd. 12. e.
c.
For purposes of subd. 12. a., “Internal Revenue Code" does not include the following provisions of federal public laws for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017: sections 1, 3, 4, and 5 of P.L. 106-519; sections 101, 102, and 422 of P.L. 108-357; sections 1310 and 1351 of P.L. 109-58; section 11146 of P.L. 109-59; section 403 (q) of P.L. 109-135; section 513 of P.L. 109-222; section 104 of P.L. 109-432; sections 8233 and 8235 of P.L. 110-28; section 11 (e) and (g) of P.L. 110-172; section 301 of P.L. 110-245; section 15351 of P.L. 110-246; section 302 of division A, section 401 of division B, and sections 312, 322, 502 (c), 707, and 801 of division C of P.L. 110-343; sections 1232, 1251, 1501, and 1502 of division B of P.L. 111-5; sections 211, 212, 213, 214, and 216 of P.L. 111-226; section 2122 of P.L. 111-240; sections 754 and 760 of P.L. 111-312; sections 104, 318, 322, 323, 326, 327, and 411 of P.L. 112-240; P.L. 114-7; section 1101 of P.L. 114-74; section 305 of division P of P.L. 114-113; sections 123, 125 to 128, 143, 144, 151 to 153, 165 to 167, 169 to 171, 189, 191, 326, and 411 of division Q of P.L. 114-113; and sections 11011, 11012, 13201 (a) to (e) and (g), 13206, 13221, 13301, 13304 (a), (b), and (d), 13531, 13601, 13801, 14101, 14102, 14103, 14201, 14202, 14211, 14212, 14213, 14214, 14215, 14221, 14222, 14301, 14302, 14304, and 14401 of P.L. 115-97.
d.
For purposes of subd. 12. a., “Internal Revenue Code" does not include amendments to the federal Internal Revenue Code enacted after December 31, 2017, except that “Internal Revenue Code” includes sections 40307, 40413, and 41113 of P.L. 115-123; sections 101 (m), (n), (o), (p), and (q), 104 (a), 109, 401 (a) (54) and (b) (15) (A), (B), and (C) 19, 20, 23, 26, 27, and 28 of division U of P.L. 115-141; sections 102 and 104 of division M, sections 102, 103, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 116, 201, 204, 205, 206, 302, 401, and 601 of division O, section 1302 of division P, and sections 131, 202 (d), and 205 of division Q of P.L. 116-94; sections 1106, 2202, 2203, 2204, 2205, 2206, 2307, 3608, 3609, 3701, and 3702 of division A of P.L. 116-136; sections 202, 208, 209, 211, and 214 of division EE and sections 276 (a) and (b), 277, 278 (a), (b), (c), and (d), 280, and 285 of division N of P.L. 116-260; and sections 9701, 9702, 9703, 9704, 9705, 9706, and 9707 of P.L. 117-2.
e.
For purposes of subd. 12. a., the provisions of federal public laws that directly or indirectly affect the Internal Revenue Code, as defined in this subdivision, apply for Wisconsin purposes at the same time as for federal purposes, except that changes made by P.L. 115-63 and sections 11026, 11027, 11028, 13207, 13306, 13307, 13308, 13311, 13312, 13501, 13705, 13821, and 13823 of P.L. 115-97 first apply for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. Changes made by section 1201 of P.L. 108-173 and section 307 of P.L. 109-432 first apply for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010. Changes made by section 13113 of P.L. 103-66; section 1241 of division B of P.L. 111-5; section 2011 of P.L. 111-240; section 753 of P.L. 111-312; and section 324 of P.L. 112-240 first apply for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2018.
13.
a.
For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2020, and before January 1, 2023, for a corporation, conduit, or common law trust that qualifies as a regulated investment company, real estate mortgage investment conduit, real estate investment trust, or financial asset securitization investment trust under the Internal Revenue Code, “net income" means the federal regulated investment company taxable income, federal real estate mortgage investment conduit taxable income, federal real estate investment trust, or financial asset securitization investment trust taxable income of the corporation, conduit, or trust as determined under the Internal Revenue Code.
b.
For purposes of subd. 13. a., “Internal Revenue Code" means the federal Internal Revenue Code as amended to December 31, 2020, except as provided in subd. 13. c. and d. and s. 71.98 and subject to subd. 13. e.
c.
For purposes of subd. 13. a., “Internal Revenue Code" does not include the following provisions of federal public laws for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2020: section 13113 of P.L. 103-66; sections 1, 3, 4, and 5 of P.L. 106-519; sections 101, 102, and 422 of P.L. 108-357; sections 1310 and 1351 of P.L. 109-58; section 11146 of P.L. 109-59; section 403 (q) of P.L. 109-135; section 513 of P.L. 109-222; sections 104 and 307 of P.L. 109-432; sections 8233 and 8235 of P.L. 110-28; section 11 (e) and (g) of P.L. 110-172; section 301 of P.L. 110-245; section 15351 of P.L. 110-246; section 302 of division A, section 401 of division B, and sections 312, 322, 502 (c), 707, and 801 of division C of P.L. 110-343; sections 1232, 1241, 1251, 1501, and 1502 of division B of P.L. 111-5; sections 211, 212, 213, 214, and 216 of P.L. 111-226; sections 2011 and 2122 of P.L. 111-240; sections 753, 754, and 760 of P.L. 111-312; section 1106 of P.L. 112-95; sections 104, 318, 322, 323, 324, 326, 327, and 411 of P.L. 112-240; P.L. 114-7; section 1101 of P.L. 114-74; section 305 of division P of P.L. 114-113; sections 123, 125 to 128, 143, 144, 151 to 153, 165 to 167, 169 to 171, 189, 191, 307, 326, and 411 of division Q of P.L. 114-113; sections 11011, 11012, 13201 (a) to (e) and (g), 13206, 13221, 13301, 13304 (a), (b), and (d), 13531, 13601, 13801, 14101, 14102, 14103, 14201, 14202, 14211, 14212, 14213, 14214, 14215, 14221, 14222, 14301, 14302, 14304, and 14401 of P.L. 115-97; sections 40304, 40305, 40306, and 40412 of P.L. 115-123; section 101 (c) of division T of P.L. 115-141; sections 101 (d) and (e), 102, 201 to 207, 301, 302, and 401 (a) (47) and (195), (b) (13), (17), (22) and (30), and (d) (1) (D) (v), (vi), and (xiii) and (xvii) (II) of division U of P.L. 115-141; sections 104, 114, 115, 116, 130, and 145 of division Q of P.L. 116-94; sections 2304 and 2306 of P.L. 116-136; and sections 111, 114, 115, 116, 118 (a) and (d), 133, 137, 138, and 210 of division EE of P.L. 116-260.
d.
For purposes of subd. 13. a., “Internal Revenue Code" does not include amendments to the federal Internal Revenue Code enacted after December 31, 2020, except that “Internal Revenue Code” includes sections 9671, 9701, 9702, 9703, 9704, 9705, 9706, and 9707 of P.L. 117-2; and sections 80501, 80504, and 80602 of division H of P.L. 117-58.
e.
For purposes of subd. 13. a., the provisions of federal public laws that directly or indirectly affect the Internal Revenue Code, as defined in this subdivision, apply for Wisconsin purposes at the same time as for federal purposes, except that changes made by sections 20101, 20102, 20104, 20201, 40201, 40202, 40203, 40308, 40309, 40311, 40414, 41101, 41107, 41114, 41115, and 41116 of P.L. 115-123; section 101 (a), (b), and (h) of division U of P.L. 115-141; section 1203 of P.L. 116-25; section 1122 of P.L. 116-92; section 301 of division O, section 1302 of division P, and sections 101, 102, 103, 117, 118, 132, 201, 202 (a), (b), and (c), 204 (a), (b), and (c), 301, and 302 of division Q of P.L. 116-94; section 2 of P.L. 116-98; and sections 301, 302, and 304 of division EE of P.L. 116-260 apply for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2020. Changes made by section 1201 of P.L. 108-173 and section 307 of P.L. 109-432 first apply for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010.
14.
For purposes of s. 71.26 (2) (b) 2., 2013 stats., “Internal Revenue Code" includes section 109 of division U of P.L. 115-141.
15.
a.
For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2022, for a corporation, conduit, or common law trust that qualifies as a regulated investment company, real estate mortgage investment conduit, real estate investment trust, or financial asset securitization investment trust under the Internal Revenue Code, “net income" means the federal regulated investment company taxable income, federal real estate mortgage investment conduit taxable income, federal real estate investment trust, or financial asset securitization investment trust taxable income of the corporation, conduit, or trust as determined under the Internal Revenue Code.
b.
For purposes of subd. 15. a., “Internal Revenue Code" means the federal Internal Revenue Code as amended to December 31, 2022, except as provided in subd. 15. c. and d. and s. 71.98, and subject to subd. 15. e.
c.
For purposes of subd. 15. a., “Internal Revenue Code" does not include the following provisions of federal public laws for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2022: sections 1, 3, 4, and 5 of P.L. 106-519; sections 101, 102, and 422 of P.L. 108-357; sections 1310 and 1351 of P.L. 109-58; section 11146 of P.L. 109-59; section 403 (q) of P.L. 109-135; section 513 of P.L. 109-222; section 104 of P.L. 109-432; sections 8233 and 8235 of P.L. 110-28; section 11 (e) and (g) of P.L. 110-172; section 301 of P.L. 110-245; section 15351 of P.L. 110-246; section 302 of division A, section 401 of division B, and sections 312, 322, 502 (c), 707, and 801 of division C of P.L. 110-343; sections 1232, 1251, 1501, and 1502 of division B of P.L. 111-5; sections 211, 212, 213, 214, and 216 of P.L. 111-226; section 2122 of P.L. 111-240; sections 754 and 760 of P.L. 111-312; sections 104, 318, 322, 323, 326, 327, and 411 of P.L. 112-240; P.L. 114-7; section 1101 of P.L. 114-74; section 305 of division P of P.L. 114-113; sections 123, 125 to 128, 143, 144, 151 to 153, 165 to 167, 169 to 171, 189, 191, 326, and 411 of division Q of P.L. 114-113; sections 11011, 11012, 13201 (a) to (e) and (g), 13206, 13221, 13301, 13304 (a), (b), and (d), 13531, 13601, 13801, 14101, 14102, 14103, 14201, 14202, 14211, 14212, 14213, 14214, 14215, 14221, 14222, 14301, 14302, 14304, and 14401 of P.L. 115-97; sections 40304, 40305, 40306, and 40412 of P.L. 115-123; section 101 (c) of division T of P.L. 115-141; sections 101 (d) and (e), 102, 201 to 207, 301, 302, and 401 (a) (47) and (195), (b) (13), (17), (22) and (30), and (d) (1) (D) (v), (vi), (xiii), and (xvii) (II) of division U of P.L. 115-141; sections 104, 114, 115, 116, 130, and 145 of division Q of P.L. 116-94; sections 2304 and 2306 of P.L. 116-136; sections 111, 114, 115, 116, 118 (a) and (d), 133, 137, 138, and 210 of division EE of P.L. 116-260; sections 5003, 9041, 9673, 9675, and 9708 of P.L. 117-2; section 307 of division P of P.L. 117-103; section 13903 (b) of P.L. 117-169; and section 4151 of division FF of P.L. 117-328.
d.
For purposes of subd. 15. a., “Internal Revenue Code" does not include amendments to the federal Internal Revenue Code enacted after December 31, 2022.
e.
For purposes of subd. 15. a., the provisions of federal public laws that directly or indirectly affect the Internal Revenue Code, as defined in this subdivision, apply for Wisconsin purposes at the same time as for federal purposes, except that changes made by sections 5001, 5002, 5005, 9623, 9624, and 9672 of P.L.117-2; section 2 of P.L. 117-6; and sections 80401, 80402, and 80601 of division H of P.L. 117-58 apply for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2022. Changes made by section 1201 of P.L. 108-173 and section 307 of P.L. 109-432 apply for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010.
(3)
Modifications. The income of a corporation shall be computed under the internal revenue code, except a corporation under sub. (2) (b), as modified in the following ways:
(ag)
Section 61 (relating to the definition of gross income) is modified to exclude the following:
1.
Income received by the original policyholder or original certificate holder who has a catastrophic or life-threatening illness or condition from the sale of a life insurance policy or certificate, or the sale of the death benefit under a life insurance policy or certificate, under a life settlement contract, as defined in s. 632.69 (1) (k). In this paragraph, “catastrophic or life-threatening illness or condition" includes AIDS, as defined in s. 49.686 (1) (a), and HIV infection, as defined in s. 49.686 (1) (d).
2.
Income received in the form of allocations issued by this state with moneys received from the coronavirus relief fund authorized under 42 USC 801 to be used for any of the following purposes:
a.
Broadband expansion.
b.
Privately owned movie theater grants.
c.
A nonprofit grant program.
d.
A tourism grants program.
e.
A cultural organization grant program.
f.
Music and performance venue grants.
g.
Lodging industry grants.
h.
Low-income home energy assistance.
i.
A rental assistance program.
j.
Supplemental child care grants.
k.
A food insecurity initiative.
L.
A farm support program.
m.
Grants to small businesses.
n.
Ethanol industry assistance.
o.
Wisconsin Eye.
3.
Income received in the form of a grant issued by the Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation during and related to the COVID-19 pandemic under the ethnic minority emergency grant program. Amounts otherwise deductible under this chapter that are paid directly or indirectly with the grant money are deductible.
4.
Income received in the form of a grant from the restaurant revitalization fund under section 5003 of the federal American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, P.L. 117-2. Amounts otherwise deductible under this chapter that are paid directly or indirectly with the grant money are deductible. Amounts excluded under this subdivision by a tax-option corporation or partnership shall be treated as tax-exempt income for purposes of sections 705 and 1366 of the Internal Revenue Code.
(ar)
Section 78 (relating to treating taxes as dividends) is excluded.
(b)
Section 103 (relating to an exemption for interest) is excluded and replaced, for corporations subject to taxation under s. 71.23 (1), by the rule that any interest income not included in federal taxable income, except interest under sub. (1m), is added to federal taxable income and any interest income which is by federal law exempt from taxation by this state is excluded, and replaced, for corporations subject to taxation under s. 71.23 (2), by the rule that any interest income not included in federal taxable income is added to federal taxable income.
(c)
Section 108 (b) (relating to reduction of tax attributes) is modified so that the net operating loss under sub. (4), not the federal net operating loss, and Wisconsin credits, not federal credits, are applied, and the reduction rate for a credit carry-over is 7.9 percent, not 33 1/3 percent.
(cf)
For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2016, section 118 (a) (relating to nonshareholder contributions to capital) is modified so that the amount of income and franchise tax credits under s. 71.28 (3q) (b), (3w) (b) and (bm) 1., 2., and 4., (3wm) (b) and (bm), and (3y) (b) that is not included in federal taxable income is added to federal taxable income.
(d)
Section 133 (relating to an exclusion for interest) is excluded.
(e)
Section 162 (relating to trade or business expenses) is modified as follows:
1.
So that payments for wages, salaries, commissions and bonuses of employees and officers may be deducted only if the name, address and amount paid to each resident of this state to whom compensation of $600 or more has been paid during the taxable year is reported or if the department of revenue is satisfied that failure to report has resulted in no revenue loss to this state.
2.
So that payments for rent may be deducted only if the amount paid, together with the names and addresses of the parties to whom rent has been paid, is reported as provided under s. 71.70 (2).
3.
So that payments for wages, salaries, bonuses, interest or other expenses paid to an entertainer or entertainment corporation may be deducted only if the corporation complies with ss. 71.63 (3) (b), 71.64 (4) and (5) and 71.80 (15) (e).
4.
So that moving expenses, as defined in s. 71.01 (8j), paid or incurred during the taxable year to move the taxpayer's Wisconsin business operation, in whole or in part, to a location outside the state or to move the taxpayer's business operations outside the United States may not be deducted as provided under the Internal Revenue Code.
(f)
Section 164 (a) is modified so that foreign taxes are not deductible unless the income on which the tax is based is taxable under this chapter and so that gross receipts taxes assessed in lieu of property taxes, the license fee under s. 76.28 and the taxes under ss. 70.375 and 76.81 are deductible.
(g)
Section 164 (a) (3) is modified so that state taxes and taxes of the District of Columbia that are value-added taxes, single business taxes or taxes on or measured by all or a portion of net income, gross income, gross receipts or capital stock are not deductible.
(h)
Section 164 (a) (4) as it relates to a deduction for the windfall profits tax is excluded.
(hd)
Section 164 (a) as it relates to a deduction for the environmental tax that is imposed under section 59A is excluded.
(hm)
Section 171 is modified so that the rules for federally taxable bonds also apply to bonds that are taxable under par. (b) and the rules for federally tax-exempt bonds apply to bonds that are exempt from tax under this chapter.
(i)
Section 172 is excluded and replaced by the treatment of business loss carry-forwards under sub. (4).
(j)
Sections 243, 244, 245, 245A, 246 and 246A are excluded and replaced by the rule that corporations may deduct from income dividends received from a corporation with respect to its common stock if the corporation receiving the dividends owns, directly or indirectly, during the entire taxable year at least 70 percent of the total combined voting stock of the payor corporation. In this paragraph, “dividends received" means gross dividends minus taxes on those dividends paid to a foreign nation and claimed as a deduction under this chapter. The same dividends may not be deducted more than once.
(k)
Section 247 (relating to dividends on preferred stock of public utilities) is excluded.
(L)
Section 265 is excluded and replaced by the rule that any amount otherwise deductible under this chapter that is directly or indirectly related to income wholly exempt from taxes imposed by this chapter or to losses from the sale or other disposition of assets the gain from which would be exempt under this paragraph if the assets were sold or otherwise disposed of at a gain is not deductible. In this paragraph, “wholly exempt income", for corporations subject to franchise or income taxes, includes amounts received from affiliated or subsidiary corporations for interest, dividends or capital gains that, because of the degree of common ownership, control or management between the payor and payee, are not subject to taxes under this chapter. In this paragraph, “wholly exempt income", for corporations subject to income taxation under this chapter, also includes interest on obligations of the United States. In this paragraph, “wholly exempt income" does not include income excludable, not recognized, exempt or deductible under specific provisions of this chapter. If any expense or amount otherwise deductible is indirectly related both to wholly exempt income or loss and to other income or loss, a reasonable proportion of the expense or amount shall be allocated to each type of income or loss, in light of all the facts and circumstances. This paragraph does not apply to the exclusion under par. (ag) 2., 3., or 4.
(m)
Section 267 (relating to transactions between related taxpayers) is modified so that gains may be reduced only if the corresponding loss was incurred while the corporation was subject to tax under this chapter.
(ms)
Section 291 (a) (3) is modified so that it does not apply to deductions that are allocable to income that is taxable under this chapter.
(n)
Sections 381, 382 and 383 (relating to carry-overs in certain corporate acquisitions) are modified so that they apply to losses under sub. (4) and credits under s. 71.28 (1dm), (1dx), (3), (4), (4m), and (5) instead of to federal credits and federal net operating losses.
(o)
Section 468A (relating to nuclear decommissioning trust and reserve funds) is modified so that the deduction under section 468A (a) is allowed only if the fund is subject to tax under this chapter.
(p)
Sections 501 to 511 and 513 to 528 (relating to exempt organizations) are excluded, except as they pertain to the definitions of unrelated business taxable income in section 512, and replaced by the treatment of exemptions under sub. (1).
(q)
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2014, sections 613 and 613A (relating to percentage depletion) are excluded.
(s)
Sections 951 to 964 (relating to controlled foreign corporations) are excluded, and, for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2006, sections 951 to 965 (relating to controlled foreign corporations) are excluded.
(t)
Sections 991 to 994, 995 as amended by section 802 of P.L. 98-369, and section 999 as amended by section 802 of P.L. 98-369 (relating to domestic international sales corporations) are excluded.
(tm)
Section 1016 (a) is modified so that the rules for federally taxable bonds also apply to bonds that are taxable under par. (b) and the rules for federally tax-exempt bonds apply to bonds that are exempt from tax under this chapter.
(u)
Section 1017 (relating to adjustments to basis because of discharge of indebtedness) is modified to reflect the modification under par. (c).
(v)
Section 1033 is modified so that it does not apply to involuntary conversions of property in this state that produces nonbusiness income and that is replaced with similar property outside this state and to involuntary conversions of property in this state that produces business income and that is replaced with property outside this state if at the time of replacement the taxpayer is not subject to tax under this chapter.
(vm)
1.
For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2019, section 1400Z-2 (relating to capital gains invested in opportunity zones) is modified so that an increase in basis is twice the amount determined under section 1400Z-2 (b) (2) (B) (iii) for an investment held in a Wisconsin qualified opportunity fund for at least 5 years or under section 1400Z-2 (b) (2) (B) (iv) for an investment held in a Wisconsin qualified opportunity fund for at least 7 years. In this subdivision, “Wisconsin qualified opportunity fund” has the meaning given in s. 71.05 (25m) (a) 2.
2.
No later than January 31 of the year following the close of the fund's taxable year, a fund shall annually certify to each investor and the department that it qualifies as a Wisconsin qualified opportunity fund for the fund's taxable year.
(x)
Sections 1501 to 1505, 1551, 1552, 1563 and 1564 (relating to consolidated returns) are excluded, except that U.S. Treasury Regulation 1.1502-13, relating to deferred gain or loss from an intercompany transaction, applies to transactions between combined group members under s. 71.255 (4) (g).
(y)
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2014, a corporation shall compute amortization and depreciation under the federal Internal Revenue Code as amended to December 31, 2000, except that property first placed in service by the taxpayer on or after January 1, 1983, but before January 1, 1987, that, under s. 71.04 (15) (b) and (br), 1985 stats., is required to be depreciated under the Internal Revenue Code as amended to December 31, 1980, and property first placed in service in taxable year 1981 or thereafter but before January 1, 1987, that, under s. 71.04 (15) (bm), 1985 stats., is required to be depreciated under the Internal Revenue Code as amended to December 31, 1980, shall continue to be depreciated under the Internal Revenue Code as amended to December 31, 1980.
(ym)
1.
Except as provided in subd. 2., starting with the first taxable year beginning after December 31, 2013, and for each of the next 4 taxable years, a corporation shall subtract 20 percent of the amount determined by subtracting the combined federal adjusted basis of all depreciated or amortized assets as of the last day of the taxable year beginning in 2013 that are also being depreciated or amortized for Wisconsin from the combined Wisconsin adjusted basis of those assets on the same day.
2.
If any taxable year for which the modification under subd. 1. is required is a fractional year under s. 71.24 (6) (c), the difference between the modification allowed for the fractional year and the modification allowed for the 12-month taxable year shall be a modification for the first taxable year beginning after December 31, 2018.
(4)
Net business loss carry-forward.
(a)
Except as provided in par. (b) and s. 71.80 (25), a corporation, except a tax-option corporation or an insurer to which s. 71.45 (4) applies, may offset against its Wisconsin net business income any Wisconsin net business loss incurred in any of the 20 immediately preceding taxable years, if the corporation was subject to taxation under this chapter in the taxable year in which the loss was incurred, to the extent not offset by other items of Wisconsin income in the loss year and by Wisconsin net business income of any year between the loss year and the taxable year for which an offset is claimed. For purposes of this subsection, Wisconsin net business income or loss shall consist of all the income attributable to the operation of a trade or business in this state, less the business expenses allowed as deductions in computing net income. The Wisconsin net business income or loss of corporations engaged in business within and without the state shall be determined under s. 71.25 (6) and (10) to (12). Nonapportionable losses having a Wisconsin situs under s. 71.25 (5) (b) shall be included in Wisconsin net business loss; and nonapportionable income having a Wisconsin situs under s. 71.25 (5) (b), whether taxable or exempt, shall be included in other items of Wisconsin income and Wisconsin net business income for purposes of this subsection.
(b)
A corporation that is part of a combined group under s. 71.255 may offset against its Wisconsin net business income any unused pre-2009 net business loss carry-forward under s. 71.255 (6) (bm) for the 20 taxable years that begin after December 31, 2011.
History: 1987 a. 312; 1987 a. 411 ss. 22, 124 to 129; 1989 a. 31, 336; 1991 a. 37, 39, 221, 269; 1993 a. 16, 112, 246, 263, 399, 437, 491; 1995 a. 27, 56, 351, 371, 380, 428; 1997 a. 27, 37, 184, 237; 1999 a. 9, 65; 1999 a. 150 s. 672; 1999 a. 167, 194; 2001 a. 16, 38, 106, 109; 2003 a. 33, 85, 99, 135, 255, 326; 2005 a. 25, 74, 335, 361, 362, 479, 483; 2007 a. 20, 96, 97, 151, 226; 2009 a. 2, 28, 161, 165, 180, 183, 205, 265, 269, 295, 332, 344; 2011 a. 3, 5, 7, 10, 32, 212, 232; 2011 a. 260 s. 80; 2013 a. 20, 145; 2013 a. 165 ss. 46, 115; 2015 a. 55, 60, 84, 196, 216; 2017 a. 58, 59, 197, 231, 364; 2017 a. 365 s. 111; 2019 a. 7, 9, 54, 136, 185; 2021 a. 1, 127, 156; 2023 a. 19, 36; s. 35.17 correction in (2) (b) 11. e., 15. c.
Under s. 71.06 (1) [now sub. (4)], the loss carry-over privilege was limited to an “identical taxpayer"; merging corporations are not entitled to the privilege. DOR v. United States Shoe Corp., 158 Wis. 2d 123, 462 N.W.2d 233 (Ct. App. 1990).
Revisions to sub. (1) (a) by 1995 Wis. Act 27 were constitutional. Group Health Cooperative of Eau Claire v. DOR, 229 Wis. 2d 846, 601 N.W.2d 1 (Ct. App. 1999), 98-1264.