reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-166.1. Review Board; members

There is hereby established, in the Department of Health, the State Health Department Sewage Handling and Disposal Appeal Review Board, consisting of seven members, appointed by the Governor subject to confirmation by the General Assembly. The members shall include one member who is a soil scientist; one member who is a professional engineer in private practice; one member who is a residential builder; one member who is an academic professional engaged in research and teaching in a soils-related discipline; one member who has had experience in the field of enforcement of onsite sewage disposal regulations; one member who is engaged in private soils analysis work related to the installation of onsite sewage systems; and one member from the public at large who may have experience in the installation of onsite sewage systems. The members shall serve at the pleasure of the Governor.
1984, c. 457; 1987, c. 47.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-166.2. Officers; secretary

The Review Board, under rules adopted by itself, shall elect one of its members as chairman, for a term of two years, and may elect one of its members as vice-chairman. The Review Board may also elect a secretary, who may be a nonmember.
1984, c. 457.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-166.4. Meetings

The Review Board shall meet eight times per year to hear appeals of denials of applications for onsite sewage disposal systems.
Any appeal shall be filed thirty days prior to a meeting in order to be placed on the docket. The Review Board shall provide its decision in writing within fifteen days of the date of the hearing to the person making the appeal, his representative and the Department of Health.
1984, c. 457; 1986, c. 331.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-166.6. Review Board to hear appeals

The Review Board shall hear all administrative appeals of denials of onsite sewage disposal system permits and appeals of refusals of indemnification requests filed pursuant to § 32.1-164.1:01, and refusals of betterment loan eligibility letters pursuant to § 32.1-164.1:2, and render its decision on any such appeal, which decision shall be the final administrative decision. Proceedings of the Review Board and appeals of its decisions shall be governed by the provisions of Chapter 40 (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.) of Title 2.2.
In addition to the authority to render a final administrative decision, the Review Board, in its discretion, may develop recommendations for alternative solutions to the conditions resulting in denial of the permit or refusal to indemnify and remand the case to the Department of Health for reconsideration.
For purposes of this section "betterment loan" is as defined in § 32.1-163.
1984, c. 457; 1986, c. 331; 1994, c. 747; 2009, c. 829.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-166.7. Subpoenas; witnesses; designation of subordinates

In any matter before it on appeal for hearing and determination, the Review Board or its designated subordinates may compel the attendance of all needed witnesses in like manner as a circuit court, save the Review Board shall not have the power of imprisonment. In taking evidence, the chairman or any member of the Review Board, or its designated subordinates, shall have the power to administer oaths to witnesses. Where a designated subordinate of the Review Board presides over hearings on appeals, such subordinate shall submit recommended findings and a decision to the Review Board pursuant to § 2.2-4020.
1984, c. 457.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-166.9. Interpretation of application of regulations; recommendation of modifications

The Review Board shall interpret the application of the provisions of the Sewage Handling and Disposal Regulations in its review of appeals and shall make such recommendations, as it deems appropriate, to the Board for modification, amendment or repeal of any such provisions of the regulations. A record of all such recommendations, and of the Board's actions thereon, shall be kept in the office of the Review Board. Such record shall be open to public inspection at all times during business hours.
1984, c. 457.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-168. Exemptions

The provisions of this article shall not be applicable to a waterworks which meets all of the following conditions:
1. The waterworks consists only of distribution and storage facilities and does not have any collection or treatment facilities;
2. The waterworks obtains all of its water from, but is not owned or operated by, a waterworks to which this article is applicable;
3. The waterworks does not sell water to any person; and
4. The waterworks is not a carrier which conveys passengers in interstate commerce.
1979, c. 711.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-169. Supervision by Board

A. The Board shall have general supervision and control over all water supplies and waterworks in the Commonwealth insofar as the bacteriological, chemical, radiological, and physical quality of waters furnished for human consumption may affect the public health and welfare and may require that all water supplies be pure water. In exercising such supervision and control, the Board shall recognize the relationship between an owner's financial, technical, managerial, and operational capabilities and his capacity to comply with state and federal drinking water standards.
B. The Board shall adopt regulations establishing maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) in all water supplies and waterworks in the Commonwealth for (i) perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate, and for such other perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances as the Board deems necessary; (ii) chromium-6; and (iii) 1,4-dioxane. Each MCL shall be protective of public health, including of vulnerable subpopulations, including pregnant and nursing mothers, infants, children, and the elderly, and shall not exceed any MCL or health advisory for the same contaminant adopted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In establishing such MCLs, the Board shall review the recommendations of any work group convened by the Commissioner after July 1, 2022, to study the occurrence of such contaminants in public drinking water, MCLs adopted by other states, studies and scientific evidence reviewed by such states, material in the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry of the U.S. Department of Health, and current peer-reviewed scientific studies produced independently or by government agencies.
Code 1950, § 62.1-46; 1964, c. 475; 1968, c. 659; 1977, c. 7; 1979, c. 711; 1994, c. 395; 2014, c. 333; 2020, c. 1097; 2022, c. 585.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-170. Regulations

A. The regulations of the Board governing waterworks, water supplies, and pure water shall be designed to protect the public health and promote the public welfare and shall include criteria and procedures to accomplish these purposes.
The regulations may include, without limitation:
1. Requirements and procedures for the issuance of permits required by this article;
2. Minimum health and aesthetic standards for pure water;
3. Minimum standards for the quality of water which may be taken into a waterworks;
4. Criteria for the siting, design, and construction of water supplies and waterworks;
5. Requirements for inspections, examinations, and testing of raw or finished water;
6. A requirement that owners submit (i) regular samples of water for bacteriological, chemical, radiological, physical, or other tests or (ii) the results of such tests from such laboratory as may be acceptable to the Commissioner;
7. Requirements for record keeping and reporting;
8. Methodology for determining the waterworks operation fee authorized by § 32.1-171.1;
9. Requirements and criteria for the development and maintenance of an emergency management plan for each community public water supply for the provision of pure water during any extended power outage; and
10. Such other provisions as may be necessary to guarantee a supply of pure water.
B. The regulations of the Board governing waterworks, water supplies, and pure water shall include a procedure whereby waterworks serving fewer than 10,000 people may seek and the Board may grant a waiver of any requirement that the waterworks mail copies of its consumer confidence report to each customer of the waterworks at least once annually. In such cases, the waterworks owner shall publish, by July 1 of each year, in a newspaper of general circulation serving the area served by the waterworks, and by such other means as the Board may deem appropriate, (i) a copy of the consumer confidence report, (ii) notice that copies of the consumer confidence report will not be mailed to customers of the waterworks, and (iii) notice that copies of the consumer confidence report shall be made available to the public upon request. The waterworks owner shall certify compliance with the requirements of this subsection to the Board no later than October 1 of each year.
Code 1950, §§ 62.1-47, 62.1-48, 62.1-51; 1964, c. 475; 1968, c. 659; 1977, c. 7; 1979, c. 711; 1992, c. 804; 2004, c. 317; 2011, cc. 804, 843.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-171. Technical assistance as to sources and purity

The Commissioner shall, upon request and without charge, provide technical assistance to owners regarding the most appropriate source of water supply and the best method of assuring pure water, but the Commissioner shall not prepare plans, specifications or detailed estimates for such owners. The technical assistance provided by this section shall be exclusive of the Waterworks Technical Assistance Program required by § 32.1-171.1.
Code 1950, § 62.1-49; 1964, c. 475; 1968, c. 659; 1979, c. 711; 1992, c. 804.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-171.1. Waterworks operation fee required; special fund established; certain technical assistance program to be provided

A. Every owner of a waterworks shall pay to the Department a waterworks operation fee of no more than $160,000 per year. Based upon the number of persons served, the number of connections, or the classification of the waterworks, the Board shall, pursuant to its regulations, establish the fee to be charged each such owner and may exempt sizes and classes from the required fee. Any fee in excess of $10,000 shall be payable quarterly. The Board shall adjust the fee schedule so that the revenues from such fees cover the costs necessary to operate the Waterworks Technical Assistance Program required by this section.
B. In order to assist waterworks owners in complying with the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. § 300f et seq.) and associated state regulations, there is hereby established in the state treasury a special fund to be known as the Waterworks Technical Assistance Fund, hereinafter referred to as the Fund. The fees required by this section shall be transmitted to the Comptroller to be deposited into the Fund. The income and principal of the Fund shall be used only and exclusively for the technical assistance required by this section. The State Treasurer shall be custodian of the moneys deposited in the Fund. No part of the Fund, either principal or interest earned thereon, shall revert to the general fund of the state treasury.
C. Moneys in the Fund shall be used by the Department to conduct the Waterworks Technical Assistance Program, which shall include, but need not be limited to: (i) training for operator certification, (ii) engineering evaluation and advice, (iii) sample collection for laboratory analysis, and (iv) educational seminars.
1992, c. 804.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-171.2. Water Supply Assistance Grant Fund established

A. There is hereby created in the state treasury a special nonreverting fund to be known as the Water Supply Assistance Grant Fund, hereafter referred to as "the Fund." The Fund shall be established on the books of the Comptroller. All funds appropriated as matching funds for moneys available through the federal Safe Drinking Water Act, all penalties and charges directed to this fund by §§ 32.1-27, 32.1-175.01 and 32.1-176, and all other funds from any public or private source directed to the Fund shall be paid into the state treasury and credited to the Fund. Interest earned on moneys in the Fund shall remain in the Fund and be credited to it. Any moneys remaining in the Fund, including interest thereon, at the end of each fiscal year shall not revert to the general fund but shall remain in the Fund. Moneys in the Fund shall be used solely for the purposes found in subsection B. Expenditures and disbursements from the Fund shall be made by the State Treasurer on warrants issued by the Comptroller upon written request signed by the Commissioner at the direction of the Board.
B. The Board shall utilize the moneys appropriated as matching funds for that purpose and, subject to other available funds, may make Water Supply Assistance Grants from the Fund to localities and the owners of waterworks to assist in the provision of drinking water. The Board shall develop guidelines establishing the (i) criteria for grant eligibility, (ii) conditions to be included in grants, and (iii) grant distribution priorities. Among the factors that shall be included in the criteria for grant eligibility and in the grant distribution priorities shall be the financial condition of the locality wherein a grant is sought.
C. The Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.) shall not apply to the development of guidelines for the Fund. However, the process for development of the guidelines by the Board shall include (i) the use of an advisory committee composed of interested parties, (ii) a minimum sixty-day public comment period on draft guidelines followed by a public hearing, (iii) written responses to all comments received, and (iv) notice of the availability of draft guidelines and final guidelines to all who request such notice.
1999, c. 786.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-172. Permit required

A. No owner shall establish, construct or operate any waterworks or water supply in the Commonwealth without a written permit from the Commissioner, except for the extension of water distribution piping having a diameter of eight inches or less and serving less than fifteen equivalent residential connections.
B. The application for such a permit shall comply with regulations of the Board and shall be accompanied by a certified copy of the maps, plans and specifications for the construction of such waterworks, a description of the source or sources from which it is proposed to derive the water supply and the manner of storage, purification or treatment proposed for the water supply prior to its delivery to consumers.
The application also shall include a comprehensive business plan detailing the technical, managerial, and financial commitments to be made by the owner in order to assure that system performance requirements for providing the water supply will be met over the long term. The Board, in consultation with the State Corporation Commission, shall establish the criteria to be used by the applicant in the development of a business plan.
In addition, the Board may require the submission of a business plan by those existing waterworks that have demonstrated significant noncompliance with the waterworks regulations. The Board may waive the requirement for submission of a comprehensive business plan for applicants who have demonstrated a history of acceptable compliance with waterworks regulations.
If any applicant so requests, the Board shall not disclose the contents of the comprehensive business plan except as necessary to perform its duties.
C. The permit may state the permitted capacity of the waterworks, the permitted source or sources of the water supply, the permitted manner of storage, purification and treatment for the water supply and such other conditions as the Commissioner may deem necessary to afford a supply of pure water.
D. Except as may be provided by regulation of the Board, no other source of water supply shall subsequently be used for any such waterworks, nor shall any change in the manner of storage, purification and treatment of the water supply be made without obtaining an additional or amended permit.
E. Whenever application shall be made to the Commissioner for a permit, he shall examine the application and, as soon as practicable thereafter, shall issue the permit if, in his judgment, the proposed waterworks will furnish pure water. If the proposed waterworks is not in compliance with all regulations of the Board but, in the opinion of the Commissioner, the public health will not be jeopardized, the Commissioner may issue a temporary permit for such period of time and subject to such conditions as the Commissioner may deem appropriate for the owner to achieve compliance with such regulations.
F. No permit shall be assigned or transferred.
Code 1950, §§ 62.1-50, 62.1-56; 1964, c. 475; 1968, c. 659; 1979, c. 711; 1994, cc. 395, 708.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-173. Additional or amended permits

A. Any owner intending to make changes, alterations or improvements to a waterworks for which a permit has been granted shall apply to the Commissioner for an additional or amended permit in a manner prescribed by regulations of the Board. The Commissioner shall review and act upon the application in the manner set forth in § 32.1-172.
B. The Commissioner may, on his own motion, amend any permit whenever he determines that:
1. The existing permit is no longer valid;
2. Changes, alterations, or improvements to the waterworks are necessary to provide an adequate supply of pure water; or
3. A change has occurred in the manner of storage or treatment or the source of the water supply.
Code 1950, § 62.1-55; 1964, c. 475; 1968, c. 659; 1977, c. 7; 1979, c. 711.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-173.1. Increase in charges to finance required changes

Any owner required to make any change, alteration or improvement in its waterworks or water supply may increase its charges for water to finance or defray the cost of such change, alteration or improvement and any extra costs incident to the maintenance and operation thereof.
Code 1950, § 62.1-53; 1964, c. 475; 1968, c. 659; 1977, c. 7; 1979, c. 711.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-174. Revocation of permits

The Commissioner may revoke any permit issued pursuant to this article whenever he determines that:
1. The waterworks can no longer be depended upon to furnish pure water;
2. The capacity of the waterworks is inadequate for the purpose of furnishing pure water;
3. The owner has failed to abide by an order issued by the Commissioner;
4. The owner has abandoned the waterworks and discontinued supplying pure water; or
5. The owner has failed to pay the waterworks operation fee required by § 32.1-171.1.
Code 1950, §§ 62.1-53, 62.1-55; 1964, c. 475; 1968, c. 659; 1977, c. 7; 1979, c. 711; 1992, c. 804.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-174.1. Bonds of permit holders

A. The Board may by regulation require owners holding or issued permits for waterworks pursuant to this article, to post bonds or deposit funds to be placed in escrow.
B. The Board or the governing body of a county, city or town in which a waterworks is located may request the circuit court having jurisdiction where the waterworks is located to order forfeiture of the owner's bond or escrow account upon revocation of the Waterworks Operation Permit by the Board or Commissioner pursuant to § 32.1-174.
If the foregoing condition is met, the court shall order forfeiture of such bond or escrow account, in whole or in part, unless the court finds the forfeiture would result in manifest injustice.
C. In addition to ordering such forfeiture, the court may, with the concurrence of the governing body of the county, city or town in which the waterworks is located, place the waterworks in receivership naming the county, city, or town, or any public service authority created by the county, city or town, as receiver.
D. Any sums forfeited pursuant to subsection B shall be paid in the amount of such forfeiture to the county, city or town in which the waterworks is located (i) if the county, city, or town, or a public service authority created by the county, city or town, initiates eminent domain proceedings for the condemnation of the waterworks within one year of the date of the order of forfeiture or (ii) if the county, city, town or public service authority operates the waterworks pursuant to a decree of an appropriate circuit court vesting receivership of the waterworks in the county, city, town or public service authority. If the governing body of the county, city, or town, or a public service authority created by the county, city or town, fails to initiate such condemnation proceedings within one year of the date of forfeiture of any bond or to accept receivership of the waterworks from the circuit court, the funds forfeited shall be paid to the general fund of the Commonwealth.
E. The Board may adopt regulations for determining the amount of the bond or funds to be placed in escrow based upon the number of persons served, the number of connections served, the age and condition of the waterworks system infrastructure, the cost of maintaining, repairing, or replacing the waterworks system infrastructure, and the water supply capacity of the permit holder.
F. No state, local or other governmental agency shall be required to post a bond or deposit funds. The Board may, by regulation, exempt classes of permit holders from such requirements if the Board determines such classes present no significant risks to public health and safety.
G. An acceptable bond for the purposes of this section shall be a bond issued by a fidelity or surety company authorized to do business in Virginia, a personal bond secured by such collateral as the Board may require or a cash bond.
1980, c. 402; 2011, c. 502.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-174.2. Duties of electric utilities

No electric utility shall disconnect electrical service to any waterworks holding a permit issued pursuant to this article until the utility has (i) provided sixty days' written notice to the Board of its intent to disconnect electrical service to the waterworks; (ii) filed with the Board at least sixty days prior to the disconnection a written request that the Board initiate forfeiture proceedings against any bond posted or funds deposited by the permit holder; and (iii) provided sixty days' written notice to the governing body of the county, city or town in which the waterworks is located.
1980, c. 402.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-174.4. Identification and elimination of chronically noncompliant waterworks

A. The Board shall promulgate regulations for the implementation of a program to (i) identify chronically noncompliant waterworks as defined in § 32.1-167 and (ii) create mechanisms or enforcement options for eliminating chronically noncompliant waterworks.
B. Out of such funds as may be appropriated, the Commissioner of Health, with the assistance of the Office of the Attorney General, is authorized to enter into contracts for (i) the design of a program for the identification of noncompliant waterworks and (ii) the development of enforcement options to carry out the provisions of this act.
2007, cc. 648, 774.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-175. Emergency orders; appeal

A. The Commissioner may issue emergency orders in any case where there is an imminent danger to the public health and welfare resulting from the operation of any waterworks or the source of a water supply. The Commissioner may order the immediate cessation of the operation of any waterworks or the use of any water supply or the correction of any condition causing the production or distribution of any water constituting an imminent danger to the public health and welfare. Emergency orders shall be effective for a period determined by the Commissioner.
B. An emergency order issued by the Commissioner may be appealed in accordance with the provisions of the Administrative Process Act (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.).
Code 1950, § 62.1-62; 1964, c. 475; 1968, c. 659; 1977, c. 7; 1979, c. 711; 1986, c. 615.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-175.01. Issuance of special orders

Notwithstanding any other provision of law and to the extent consistent with federal requirements, following a proceeding as provided in § 2.2-4019, the Board may issue a special order that may include a civil penalty against an owner who violates this article or any order or regulation adopted thereto by the Board. The issuance of a special order shall be considered a case decision as defined in § 2.2-4001. Civil penalties collected pursuant to this section shall be paid into the state treasury and credited to the Water Supply Assistance Grant Fund created pursuant to § 32.1-171.2.
1997, c. 342, § 32.1-176.1:1; 1999, c. 786.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-175.1. Notice to local government

A. Upon issuing a notice of violation of any provision of regulation promulgated pursuant to this article to the owner of a waterworks or water supply, the Commissioner shall simultaneously notify the chief administrative officer or his designee of the county, city or town in which such waterworks or water supply is located.
B. Spotsylvania County is authorized to enact an ordinance requiring the owner of any waterworks or water supply located in the county to provide the chief administrative officer of the county with the results of all tests performed on such waterworks or water supply.
1987, c. 400.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-176. Penalty

In addition to the provisions of § 32.1-27, any owner who violates any provisions of this article or any order or regulation adopted pursuant thereto shall, upon such finding by a court of competent jurisdiction, be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 for each day of such violation. All penalties under this section shall be recovered in a civil action brought by the Attorney General in the name of the Commonwealth. Civil penalties collected pursuant to this section shall be paid into the state treasury and credited to the Water Supply Assistance Grant Fund created pursuant to § 32.1-171.2.
Code 1950, § 62.1-59; 1964, c. 475; 1968, c. 659; 1977, c. 7; 1979, c. 711; 1999, c. 786.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-176.2. Findings and policy

The General Assembly finds that the improper construction of private wells can adversely affect aquifers as ground water resources in the Commonwealth. Consistent with the duty to protect these ground water resources and to safeguard the public welfare, safety and health it is declared to be the policy of this Commonwealth to require that the construction and location of private wells conform to reasonable requirements.
1986, c. 401.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-176.3. Definitions

As used in this article:
"Construction of wells" means acts necessary to construct wells, including the location of wells.
"Plat" or "survey plat" means the schematic representation of a parcel of land, showing the property boundaries, the proposed site of the water well, and any potential sources of contamination, prepared by an individual licensed by the Commonwealth to perform such services.
"Private well" means any water well constructed for a person on land which is owned or leased by that person and is usually intended for household, ground water source heat pump, agricultural use, industrial use or other nonpublic water well.
"Site plan" means a sketch of a parcel of land, showing the property boundaries, the proposed site of the water well, and any potential sources of contamination.
1986, c. 401; 2009, c. 59.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-176.5. Construction permit; local government authority to require analysis of water

A. Any person intending to construct a private well shall apply to the Department for and receive a permit before proceeding with construction. The permit application shall include a site plan. No survey plat shall be required. In all cases, it shall be the landowner's responsibility to ensure that the water well is properly located on the landowner's property. This permit shall be issued no later than 60 days from application and in accordance with the Board's regulations. In addition, an inspection shall be made after construction to assure that the construction standards are met.
B. The local governing bodies of the Counties of Albemarle, Bedford, Chesterfield, Clarke, Culpeper, Fairfax, Fauquier, Goochland, James City, Loudoun, Orange, Powhatan, Prince William, Rappahannock, Stafford, Warren, and York, and the Cities of Chesapeake, Manassas, Manassas Park, Suffolk, and Virginia Beach may by ordinance establish reasonable testing requirements to determine compliance with existing federal or state drinking water quality standards and require that such testing be done prior to the issuance of building permits. Such testing requirements shall apply only to building permit applicants proposing to utilize private ground water wells as their primary potable water source. In developing such an ordinance, the local governing body shall consider (i) the appropriate ground water constituents to be tested using the above standards as guidance, (ii) the reasonable cost of such testing that may be borne by the applicant, and (iii) the availability of certified laboratories to perform such services. However, no such test shall be conducted by Consolidated Laboratories. The applicant shall be notified of the test results with respect to such established standards.
C. Any local governing body referenced in subsection B of this section that has adopted a well abandonment ordinance may require property owners to close and cap abandoned or inactive wells pursuant to that ordinance.
1986, c. 401; 1988, c. 441; 1989, cc. 454, 696; 1990, cc. 544, 547, 661; 1993, c. 794; 1995, c. 220; 1996, c. 202; 1999, c. 633; 2003, c. 500; 2009, c. 59; 2014, c. 599; 2022, cc. 225, 226.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-176.5:1. Department to test for oil contamination; maintain lists of private laboratories

A. The Department shall disseminate the information on confirmed oil releases and discharges, contained in the Department of Environmental Quality's monthly report prepared pursuant to § 62.1-44.15:4.1, to local health departments and Department field offices. Local health departments and field offices shall make the reports available for public inspection.
B. Upon the request of any person whose private well is located in an area, as defined by the Department, where an oil release or discharge has been confirmed in the reports prepared by the Department of Environment Quality, the Department shall test the water supply of the private well for the presence of oil to determine whether there is risk to public health. The costs of such tests shall be borne by the person requesting the test, unless the Department finds the oil release or discharge poses a potential risk to the health of persons using that private well.
C. The Department shall maintain and make available, upon the request of any person, a list of various private companies located throughout the Commonwealth that possess the technical expertise to analyze water samples for the presence of oil constituents. Any private company providing such laboratory testing services may contact the Department and shall have its name placed on the list. The placement of a company on the list shall not constitute an endorsement of any company or its services.
1998, c. 795.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-176.5:2. Prohibition on private well construction

A. No private well shall be constructed within 50 feet of the property line with an adjacent property of three acres or larger that is used for an agricultural operation, as defined in § 3.2-300. The following shall be exempt: (i) the owner of the adjacent property that is used for an agricultural operation may grant written permission for construction within 50 feet of the property line; or (ii) certification that no other site on the property complies with the Board's regulations for the construction of a private well.
B. The Department shall accept private site evaluations and designs, in compliance with the Board's regulations for the construction of private wells, designed and certified by a licensed professional engineer, in consultation with a licensed onsite soil evaluator, or by a licensed onsite soil evaluator. The evaluations and designs included within such submissions shall be certified as complying with the Board's regulations implementing this chapter. The Department shall not be required to perform a field check of private evaluations and designs prior to issuing the requested letter, permit, or approval. However, the Department may conduct such review of the work and field analysis as deemed necessary to protect the public health, integrity of the Commonwealth's environment, and the provisions of this chapter.
C. The Department, prior to issuing a permit, shall require any owner applying for a permit to construct a private well pursuant to the exemptions in subsection A to submit documentation that affirms the well construction site complies with the provisions of this section.
2007, c. 403; 2008, c. 62; 2016, c. 90.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-176.8. Definitions

For the purposes of this article:
"Coal ash pond" means any natural topographic depression, man-made excavation, or diked area that (i) is designed to hold an accumulation of coal combustion residuals and liquids; (ii) treats, stores, or disposes of coal combustion residuals; and (iii) is located in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed at the Bremo Power Station in Fluvanna County, Chesapeake Energy Center in the City of Chesapeake, Chesterfield Power Station in Chesterfield County, or Possum Point Power Station in Prince William County.
"DEQ" means the Department of Environmental Quality.
"Utility" means the owner or operator of a coal ash pond.
2020, c. 845.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-187. Counties, cities and towns may create mosquito control districts

The governing body of any county, city or town, either alone or jointly with one or more other counties, cities or towns, may create one or more mosquito control districts. A mosquito control district may comprise the whole or any part of the county, city or town or combination thereof creating such district, except that no mosquito control district in a county shall include the territory within an incorporated town within such county except by agreement with such town.
Code 1950, § 32-379; 1950, p. 87; 1979, c. 711.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-188. Consolidation of districts

The governing body of any city which has established more than one mosquito control district pursuant to § 32.1-187 may, by ordinance, consolidate such districts under a single commission which may function under the appropriate city department or other agency as determined by the local governing body.
Code 1950, § 32-379.1; 1973, c. 501; 1979, c. 711; 1981, c. 354; 2002, cc. 224, 233.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-189. Mosquito control commission; composition; appointment of members

A. Each mosquito control district shall be administered by a commission of three members, one of whom shall be the Commissioner or his designee, except as provided for a consolidated city mosquito control commission in subsection B. The Commissioner or his designee shall serve as chairman of each such commission. Where a mosquito control district consists of territory wholly within one political subdivision, the governing body of that political subdivision shall appoint the other two members of the commission; where a mosquito control district shall consist of territory in two political subdivisions, the governing body of each such political subdivision shall appoint one member; and where any mosquito control district shall, by agreement between political subdivisions, consist of territory lying within more than two political subdivisions, the remaining two members of the commission for that district shall be appointed by the Commissioner from the residents of such district.
B. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection A, in the event of consolidation of city mosquito control districts and commissions pursuant to § 32.1-188, such consolidated commission may consist of no more than fifteen commissioners, one of whom shall be the Commissioner or his designee who shall serve as the chairman of the consolidated city mosquito control commission.
Code 1950, § 32-380; 1979, c. 711; 2002, cc. 224, 233.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-190. Powers of commission; oath and terms of members; vacancies

Each mosquito control commission district shall be a body politic and corporate and shall have all the powers necessary to carry into effect all of the provisions of this article. Each member of any such commission shall take and subscribe to the oath prescribed by § 49-1. The term of each commission member other than the Commissioner or his designee shall be four years and thereafter until his successor has been duly appointed and qualified. A vacancy other than by expiration of term shall be filled for the unexpired term by the authority originally making the appointment.
Code 1950, § 32-381; 1979, c. 711.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-191. Secretary of commission

A mosquito control commission shall appoint its secretary either from the membership of such commission or otherwise and shall fix his compensation. The commission may require bond of its secretary in excess of the funds which may come into his hands and conditioned upon the faithful application of such funds.
Code 1950, § 32-382; 1979, c. 711.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-192. Further powers of commission

Each mosquito control commission is empowered to employ all necessary personnel and to perform all acts necessary to control and eliminate mosquitoes in the district but such actions shall be subject to private property rights in the areas in which the work of the commission is performed.
Code 1950, § 32-383; 1979, c. 711.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-193. Eminent domain

Each mosquito control commission is vested with the power of eminent domain to the extent necessary to carry out the provisions of this article. Condemnation proceedings shall be instituted and conducted in the name of the mosquito control commission for the district in which such property is located or the district for which its acquisition is deemed necessary and shall be conducted as prescribed by Chapter 2 (§ 25.1-200 et seq.) of Title 25.1.
Code 1950, § 32-384; 1979, c. 711; 2003, c. 940.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-194. Special tax authorized

The governing body of any county, city or town, the whole or a part of whose territory is contained within a mosquito control district, is hereby authorized and empowered to levy annually a special tax upon all real and personal property subject to local taxation within the territory located within such county, city or town which is a part of such mosquito control district of not exceeding 25¢ per $100 of assessed valuation thereof, and all funds received from any tax levy so made shall be paid to the mosquito control commission for the mosquito control district in which the property subject to such levy is, and shall be expended by such mosquito control commission for the purposes authorized by this article.
Code 1950, § 32-385; 1979, c. 711.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-195. Contributions from Board

The Board is hereby authorized to contribute annually to any mosquito control commission a sum not more than 25 percent of the gross amount obtained by such commission annually from any special tax levy authorized by this article or contributed to such commission annually by direct appropriation of any county, city, town or combination thereof, but any such amount so contributed by the Board shall not exceed $10,000 in any 1 year; except that where separate mosquito control commissions have been consolidated pursuant to § 32.1-188, such maximum amount shall be computed so as to allow a contribution to that consolidated district in an amount not less than was received prior to such consolidation by all of the separate districts.
Code 1950, § 32-386; 1974, c. 475; 1979, c. 711.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-196. Disposition of funds not needed for mosquito control

Whenever funds accumulated by a mosquito control district are determined by the commission for such district to be no longer needed for the control of mosquitoes, such commission may transfer such funds as follows: (1) funds contributed by the Board, to the state treasury, (2) funds contributed by a county, city or town, to the treasury of such county, city or town, and (3) funds contributed by levy of a special tax upon property, to the treasury of the county, city or town wherein such property lies.
Code 1950, § 32-386.1; 1970, c. 391; 1979, c. 711.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-197. Compensation and expenses of members of commission

The members of any mosquito control commission shall receive no salary for their services as such but shall receive necessary expenses incurred while actually engaged in discharge of their duties, to be paid out of the funds under the control of such commission; provided, however, that if any member shall be appointed secretary for his commission, he may be paid, and shall be entitled to receive, such compensation as the commission may determine.
Code 1950, § 32-387; 1979, c. 711.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-198. Definitions

As used in this article:
"Public gathering places" includes, but is not limited to:
(a) Historic shrines;
(b) Terminals of public transportation companies;
(c) Festivals, fairs, races and other places where 100 or more people congregate at one time.
Code 1950, § 32-63; 1979, c. 711; 1988, c. 60.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-200. Regulations

The Board may adopt such regulations governing toilet facilities, sewage disposal facilities and water supply facilities at public gathering places as may be necessary to protect the public health. Such regulations may include without limitation (i) a requirement that there be toilet facilities, sewage disposal facilities and water supply facilities and standards therefor; (ii) requirements that toilet facilities and all fixtures therein be kept clean and in a good state of repair; and (iii) a system of classifying public gathering places with different regulations for each such classification.
Code 1950, § 32-63; 1979, c. 711; 1988, c. 60.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-202. Power of counties, cities and towns not limited

Nothing contained in this article shall in any way limit the power of any county, city or town to regulate by ordinance sanitary conditions in service stations and public gathering places located therein, but no such ordinance may impose requirements less stringent than the regulations of the Board.
Code 1950, § 32-63; 1979, c. 711.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-203. Definitions

As used in this article:
"Camp operator" means a person who has charge, care or control of a migrant labor camp.
"Migrant labor camp" or "camp" means one or more structures, buildings, tents, barracks, trailers, vehicles, converted buildings, and unconventional enclosures of living space, reasonably contiguous, together with the land appertaining thereto, established, operated or used as living quarters for one or more persons, one or more of whom is a migrant worker engaged in agricultural or fishing activities, including related food processing. "Migrant labor camp" does not include (i) a summer camp, campground or hotel as defined in § 35.1-1, (ii) housing which, in the ordinary course of business, is regularly offered to the general public on a commercial basis and is provided to any migrant worker on the same or comparable terms and conditions as provided to the general public, or (iii) small businesses which are exempt under federal law as provided in the Fair Labor Standards Act and the Migrant and Seasonal Worker Protection Act.
"Migrant worker" means any individual from within or outside the Commonwealth who passes seasonally from one place to another for the purpose of employment, who is not a year-round employee and who occupies living quarters other than his permanent home during the period of such work.
"Applicable regulations" includes regulations of the Board adopted pursuant to this article and occupational safety and health regulations applicable to migrant labor camps adopted by the Safety and Health Codes Board pursuant to Chapter 3 (§ 40.1-22 et seq.) of Title 40.1.
Code 1950, § 32-415; 1962, c. 251; 1979, c. 711; 1988, c. 632; 1990, c. 780; 1992, c. 15.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 32.1 - Health › Chapter 6 - Environmental Health Services › § 32.1-204. Notice of intention to construct, etc., camp

Each person planning to construct, substantially remodel or enlarge for occupancy or use a migrant labor camp or any portion or facility thereof, or to convert a property for use or occupancy as a camp shall give notice in writing of his intent to do so to the Commissioner at least thirty days before the date of beginning such construction, remodeling, enlargement or conversion. The notice shall give the name of the city or county in which the property is located, the location of the property within that area, a brief description of the proposed construction, remodeling, enlargement or conversion, the name and mailing address of the person giving the notice and his telephone number, if any. Upon receipt of such notice, the Commissioner shall forward to such person a copy of this article and any applicable regulations.
Code 1950, § 32-416; 1962, c. 251; 1979, c. 711.