2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 800 - Municipal court procedure. › 800.035 - Initial appearance.

800.035
Initial appearance.
(1)
A defendant may make an initial appearance in person or by submitting a written response to the citation or complaint except when the judge has required an appearance under s. 800.02 (2) (ag) 4. For the purposes of this section, if a defendant is a limited liability company, the defendant appears in person if the appearance is by a member, as defined in s. 183.0102 (11), by an agent or authorized employee of the defendant, or by an agent of the member or an authorized employee of the agent.
(1m)
An attorney may provide limited scope representation to a person involved in a municipal court action as provided in ss. 802.045 and 802.05.
(2)
If a defendant appears in person, all of the following shall occur:
(a)
The court shall, either orally or in writing, do all of the following:
1.
Inform the defendant of each charge and explain the range of penalties for each charge.
2.
Inform the defendant that he or she may plead guilty, not guilty, or no contest or may request a continuance.
3.
Inform the defendant of the right to a jury trial on charges filed under an ordinance in conformity with s. 346.63 (1) or (5).
4.
Inform the defendant that if he or she is unable to pay the forfeiture, costs, fees, or surcharges due to poverty, he or she may request an installment payment, community service, or a stay of the judgment.
5.
Inform the defendant that he or she must notify the court in writing within 5 days of any change of his or her address during the pendency of the case.
(b)
The defendant shall enter a plea or request a continuance.
(c)
If the defendant refuses to enter a plea or request a continuance, the court shall enter a plea of not guilty on the defendant's behalf.
(d)
If the defendant pleads guilty or no contest, the court may find the defendant guilty of the offense to which the plea is entered and render judgment as provided under s. 800.09, and then determine if the defendant is unable to pay the judgment because of poverty, as that term is used in s. 814.29 (1) (d).
(e)
If the defendant pleads not guilty, the court shall schedule the case for a pretrial conference under s. 800.045, further proceedings, or trial, at the discretion of the court.
(2m)
A municipal court shall appoint a guardian ad litem or social worker certified or licensed under ch. 457 for any defendant that the court has reason to believe lacks substantial mental capacity to understand the proceedings or assist in his or her defense. The person appointed under this paragraph shall assist the court in making a determination concerning the defendant's mental capacity. If the court determines that the defendant lacks the mental capacity to understand the proceedings or assist in his or her defense, the court shall suspend the proceedings. The cost of the guardian ad litem or social worker shall be paid by the municipality or municipalities that established the court. The governing body may by ordinance or bylaw authorize the appointment of a guardian ad litem by the municipal judge in any other matter within the jurisdiction of the municipal court.
(3)
If the defendant submits a written response to the citation or complaint and enters a plea of guilty or no contest, the court shall proceed under sub. (2) (d).
(4)
If the defendant submits a written response to the citation or complaint and enters a plea of not guilty, the court shall proceed under sub. (2) (e).
(5)
(a)
If a defendant is charged with a violation of an ordinance in conformity with s. 346.63 (1) or (5), the municipality may by ordinance, or the judge may by order, require the defendant to appear in person before the court.
(b)
If a person fails to make a required personal appearance under this subsection and the judge issues an arrest warrant, the law enforcement agency that filed or transmitted the uniform traffic citation shall file a detailed description of the warrant with the department of justice.
(c)
If a defendant charged with a violation of an ordinance that is in conformity with s. 346.63 (1) or (5) pleads not guilty and within 10 days after entry of the plea requests a jury trial and pays the required fees, the municipal court shall promptly transmit all papers and fees in the cause, including any other citations or complaints arising from the same incident, to the clerk of the circuit court of the county where the violation occurred for a jury trial under s. 345.43. The plea of not guilty and request for jury trial may be made in writing. If the person refused to take a test under s. 343.305 (3) and requested a hearing under s. 343.305 (9) to determine if the person's refusal was proper, the papers and fees involved in that action shall be transferred to the same circuit court, which shall conduct the refusal hearing. Upon receipt of the request, the circuit court shall set a time for trial. Any deposit made personally or in writing is forfeited upon nonappearance at the time set for trial. The required fee for a jury is prescribed in s. 814.61 (4).
(6)
In all cases, a defendant may enter a plea of no contest and provide a deposit at any time before the initial appearance.
(7)
(a)
A municipal judge may release a defendant without a deposit.
(b)
If the municipal judge determines that the defendant should not be released under par. (a), the municipal judge shall release the defendant on a deposit in the amount established for the violation. If the judge in a 1st class city determines that a defendant appearing before the judge through interactive video and audio transmission should not be released under par. (a), the judge shall inform the defendant that he or she has the right to appear personally before a judge for a determination, not prejudiced by the first appearance, as to whether he or she should be released without a deposit. On failure of the defendant to make a deposit under this paragraph, he or she may be committed to jail, for not more than 48 hours, only if the judge finds that there is a reasonable basis to believe the person will not appear in court.
(8)
If the defendant does not appear, but has made a deposit in the amount set for the violation, he or she is deemed to have tendered a plea of no contest and submits to a forfeiture, plus costs, fees, and surcharges imposed under ch. 814, not exceeding the amount of the deposit. The court may impose any other penalties allowed by law. The court may either accept the plea of no contest and enter judgment accordingly, or reject the plea and issue a summons. If the court finds that the violation meets the conditions in s. 800.093 (1), the court may summon the alleged violator into court to determine if restitution shall be ordered under s. 800.093. If the defendant fails to appear in response to the summons, the court may issue a warrant under s. 968.09. If the defendant has made a deposit but does appear, the court shall allow the defendant to withdraw the plea of no contest.
(9)
If a defendant does not appear at the initial appearance and has not made a deposit in the amount set for the violation, upon proof of jurisdiction under s. 800.01 (2), the court may either enter a default judgment under s. 800.09 or issue a warrant or summons to bring the defendant before the court. If a warrant is issued for a defendant under this subsection, the defendant may be detained in jail, for not more than 48 hours, prior to the initial appearance.
History:  2009 a. 402 ss. 19, 72, 76, 79 to 82; 2011 a. 260 s. 80; Sup. Ct. Order No. 13-10, 2014 WI 45, 354 Wis. 2d xliii; 2015 a. 176; 2019 a. 70; 2021 a. 258.