reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART IX - Guardianship (§§ 661 — 879) › Chapter 105 - Veterans’ Guardianship (§§ 861 — 879) › § 864 - Evidence of necessity for appointment—Minor ward

Where a petition is filed for the appointment of a guardian of a minor ward a certificate of the Administrator, or his representative, setting forth the age of such minor as shown by the records of the Administration and the fact that the appointment of a guardian is a condition precedent to the payment of any moneys due the minor by the Administration, shall be prima facie evidence of the necessity of such appointment.
History —Apr. 17, 1936, No. 26, p. 216, § 4, eff. Apr. 17, 1936.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART IX - Guardianship (§§ 661 — 879) › Chapter 105 - Veterans’ Guardianship (§§ 861 — 879) › § 865 - Evidence of necessity for appointment—Mentally incompetent ward

Where a petition is filed for the appointment of a guardian of a mentally incompetent ward a certificate of the Administrator, or his representative, setting forth the fact that such person has been rated incompetent by the Administration on examination in accordance with the laws and regulations governing such Administration; and that the appointment of a guardian is a condition precedent to the payment of any moneys due such person by the Administration, shall be prima facie evidence of the necessity for such appointment.
History —Apr. 17, 1936, No. 26, p. 216, § 5, eff. Apr. 17, 1936.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART IX - Guardianship (§§ 661 — 879) › Chapter 105 - Veterans’ Guardianship (§§ 861 — 879) › § 866 - Notice of filing of petition

Upon the filing of a petition for the appointment of a guardian, under the provisions of §§ 861-879 of this title, the court shall cause such notice to be given as provided by law.
History —Apr. 17, 1936, No. 26, p. 216, § 6.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART IX - Guardianship (§§ 661 — 879) › Chapter 105 - Veterans’ Guardianship (§§ 861 — 879) › § 867 - Determination that appointment is proper; bond of guardian

Before making an appointment under the provisions of sections 861-879 of this title the court shall be satisfied that the guardian whose appointment is sought is a fit and proper person to be appointed. Upon the appointment being made the guardian shall execute and file a bond to be approved by the court in an amount not less than the sum then due and estimated to become payable during the ensuing year and sufficient to protect the estate and income of the ward. The said bond shall be in the form and be conditioned as required of guardians appointed under the guardianship laws of Puerto Rico. A corporate surety bond shall be furnished where the benefits payable, or the estate of the ward, are in excess of $ 500.00 and where a bond is tendered by a guardian with personal sureties, such sureties shall file with the court a certificate under oath which shall describe the property owned, both real and personal, and that they are each worth the sum named in the bond as the penalty thereof over and above all their debts and liabilities and exclusive of property exempt from execution. The court shall have power from time to time to require the guardian to file an additional bond.
History —Apr. 17, 1936, No. 26, p. 216, § 7.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART IX - Guardianship (§§ 661 — 879) › Chapter 105 - Veterans’ Guardianship (§§ 861 — 879) › § 868 - Acceptance; oath of office; recording; letters of tutorship

Every guardian who accepts his appointment as such shall be obliged to file with the court a written acceptance thereof, with his oath of office, binding himself to fulfill well and faithfully his duties and obligations to the best of his ability, and in default thereof he shall be unable to exercise said office, and the court shall, upon the filing of said acceptance and oath of office, and after the approval of the required bond and the recording of the appointment in the Registry of Tutorships, issue letters of Tutorship to him, over its official seal, as evidence of his authority.
Provided, That the Letters of Tutorship shall contain:
(1) The name, surname, age and address of the ward, and in the case of an incompetent, the date when the court declared the ward incompetent to manage his own affairs.
(2) The name, surname, occupation and address of the guardian as well as his relationship to the ward, if any.
(3) The date on which the appointment shall have been conferred and the amount and kind of bond furnished and approved.
(4) The allowance for the monthly maintenance and support of the ward granted by the court.
History —Apr. 17, 1936, No. 26, p. 216, § 8.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART IX - Guardianship (§§ 661 — 879) › Chapter 105 - Veterans’ Guardianship (§§ 861 — 879) › § 869 - Number of wards limited

Except as hereinbefore provided, unless the court deems his appointment necessary for the convenience of the beneficiary and so expressly includes it in the resolution containing the appointment, it shall be unlawful for any person to accept appointment as guardian of any ward if such proposed guardian shall at that time be acting as guardian for five wards. In any case, upon presentation of a petition by an attorney of the Administration under this section alleging that a guardian is acting in a fiduciary capacity for more than five wards and requesting his discharge for that reason, the court, upon proof substantiating the petition, shall require a final accounting forthwith from such guardian and shall discharge such guardian in said case.
The limitations of this section shall not apply where the guardian is a bank or trust company acting for the wards’ estates only. An individual may be guardian of more than five wards if they are all members of the same family.
History —Apr. 17, 1936, No. 26, p. 216, § 9.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART IX - Guardianship (§§ 661 — 879) › Chapter 105 - Veterans’ Guardianship (§§ 861 — 879) › § 870 - Accounts; procedure on accounts, petitions, or other pleadings

Every guardian, who shall receive on account of his ward any moneys from the Administration, shall file with the court annually, on the anniversary date of the appointment, in addition to such other accounts as may be required by the court, a full, true, and accurate account under oath of all moneys so received by him, of all disbursements thereof, and showing the balance thereof in his hands at the date of such account and how invested. A certified copy of each of such accounts, petition, or other pleading filed with, and ordered entered by, the court shall be sent by the guardian to the office of the Administration in Puerto Rico. The court shall fix a time and place for the hearing on such account, petition, or other pleading, not less than fifteen days nor more than thirty days from the date of filing same and notice thereof shall be given by the court to the aforesaid Administration Office not less than fifteen days prior to the date fixed for the hearing. Notice of such hearing shall in like manner be given to the guardian.
History —Apr. 17, 1936, No. 26, p. 216, § 10.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART IX - Guardianship (§§ 661 — 879) › Chapter 105 - Veterans’ Guardianship (§§ 861 — 879) › § 871 - Removal for failure to account

If any guardian shall fail to file any account of the moneys received by him from the Administration on account of his ward within thirty days after such account is required by either the court or the Administration, or shall fail to furnish the Administration a copy of his accounts as required by sections 861-879 of this title, such failure shall be grounds for removal.
History —Apr. 17, 1936, No. 26, p. 216, § 11.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART IX - Guardianship (§§ 661 — 879) › Chapter 105 - Veterans’ Guardianship (§§ 861 — 879) › § 872 - Compensation

Compensation payable to guardians shall not exceed five per cent of the income of the ward during any year. In the event of extraordinary services rendered by such guardian the court may, upon petition and after hearing thereon, authorize additional compensation therefor payable from the estate of the ward. Notice of such petition and hearing shall be given the office of the Administration in the manner provided in § 870 of this title. No compensation shall be allowed on the corpus of an estate received from a preceding guardian. The guardian may be allowed from the estate of his ward reasonable premiums paid by him to any corporate surety upon his bond.
History —Apr. 17, 1936, No. 26, p. 216, § 12.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART IX - Guardianship (§§ 661 — 879) › Chapter 105 - Veterans’ Guardianship (§§ 861 — 879) › § 873 - Investment of funds

Every guardian shall invest the funds of the estate of his ward, coming into his hands, only in the following types of securities in which the guardian shall have no interest, directly or indirectly:
(1) The direct bonds and obligations of the United States, or in bonds guaranteed in principal and interest by the United States Government, procuring same always at the best possible salable or marketable price obtainable in the interests of the ward.
(2) Interest bearing bonds of the Commonwealth Government of Puerto Rico, or of a political subdivision thereof, procuring same always at the best possible salable or marketable price obtainable in the interests of the ward.
(3) First mortgage or trust deed on real estate, the amount lent not to exceed one-half of the actual cash value of the real estate mortgaged, and provided that said real estate shall have been appraised and reported as to its cash market value by three disinterested persons appointed by the court, upon application to the court to that end, and approval by such court.
(4) Real property located in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, after appraisement, by order of the court, by experts appointed for the purpose.
History —Apr. 17, 1936, No. 26, p. 216, § 13, Const., art. I, § 1, eff. July 25, 1952.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART IX - Guardianship (§§ 661 — 879) › Chapter 105 - Veterans’ Guardianship (§§ 861 — 879) › § 874 - Support of persons other than ward

A guardian shall not apply any portion of the estate of his ward for the support and maintenance of any person other than his ward, except upon order of the court after a hearing, notice of which has been given the office of the Administration in the manner provided in § 870 of this title.
History —Apr. 17, 1936, No. 26, p. 216, § 14.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART IX - Guardianship (§§ 661 — 879) › Chapter 105 - Veterans’ Guardianship (§§ 861 — 879) › § 875 - Copies of public records without charge

Whenever a copy of any public record is required by the Administration to be used in determining the eligibility of any person to participate in benefits made available by such Administration, the official charged with the custody of such public record shall without charge provide the applicant for such benefits or any person acting on his behalf or the representative of such Administration with a certified copy of such record.
History —Apr. 17, 1936, No. 26, p. 216, § 15.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART IX - Guardianship (§§ 661 — 879) › Chapter 105 - Veterans’ Guardianship (§§ 861 — 879) › § 876 - Commitment to veterans’ administration hospital

Whenever it appears that a veteran of any war, military occupation or expedition is eligible for treatment in a United States Veterans’ Administration Hospital and commitment to such hospital is necessary for the proper care and treatment of such veteran, the courts of Puerto Rico are hereby authorized to communicate with the official in charge of such hospital with reference to available facilities and eligibility, and upon receipt of a certificate from the official in charge of such hospital the court may then direct such veteran’s commitment to such United States Veterans’ Administration Hospital. Thereafter such veteran upon admission shall be subject to the rules and regulations of such hospital and the officials of such hospital shall be vested with the same powers now exercised by superintendents of state hospitals for mental diseases within Puerto Rico with reference to the retention of custody of the veteran so committed. Notice of such pending proceedings shall be furnished the person to be committed and his right to appear and defend shall not be denied.
History —Apr. 17, 1936, No. 26, p. 216, § 16.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART IX - Guardianship (§§ 661 — 879) › Chapter 105 - Veterans’ Guardianship (§§ 861 — 879) › § 877 - Discharge of guardian upon termination of disability of ward

When a minor ward for whom a guardian has been appointed under the provisions of §§ 861-879 of this title or other laws of Puerto Rico shall have attained his or her majority, or shall have been emancipated by marriage, by grant of the father or mother exercising the patria potestas or by order of court, and if incompetent shall be declared competent by the Administration and the court, and when any incompetent ward, not a minor, shall be declared competent by said Administration and the court, the guardian shall, upon making a satisfactory accounting be discharged upon a petition filed for that purpose.
History —Apr. 17, 1936, No. 26, p. 216, § 17.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART IX - Guardianship (§§ 661 — 879) › Chapter 105 - Veterans’ Guardianship (§§ 861 — 879) › § 878 - Appearance of chief attorney of veterans’ administration in legal proceedings

The Chief Attorney of the Administration, or his representative, is hereby authorized to appear in any legal proceedings affecting any guardianship under §§ 861-879 of this title.
History —Apr. 17, 1936, No. 26, p. 216, § 18.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART IX - Guardianship (§§ 661 — 879) › Chapter 105 - Veterans’ Guardianship (§§ 861 — 879) › § 879 - Application of other provisions

All the provisions of this title regarding patria potestas and guardianship in conflict with §§ 861-879 of this title shall not be applicable to the wards and all laws or parts of laws relating to beneficiaries of the Administration inconsistent with said sections are hereby repealed.
History —Apr. 17, 1936, No. 26, p. 216, § 22.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART X - Emancipation and Majority (§§ 901 — 971) › Chapter 107 - General Provisions (§ 901) › § 901 - Kinds of emancipation

The law recognizes four kinds of emancipation:
(1) Emancipation through grant by the parent exercising the patria potestas.
(2) Emancipation by marriage.
(3) Judicial emancipation.
(4) Emancipation by reason of having attained the age of majority.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 232.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART X - Emancipation and Majority (§§ 901 — 971) › Chapter 109 - Emancipation by Grant of Father or Mother Exercising Patria Potestas (§§ 911 — 916) › § 911 - Emancipation by father or mother; declaration; recording

A minor may be emancipated to govern himself or to administer his property, or to the sole effect of administering the latter, by his father, his mother, or the father and mother jointly, or by the one exercising the patria potestas over the minor, when he attains age eighteen. This emancipation shall take place by the declaration of the father or of the mother, or of both when they exercise jointly the patria potestas, executed before a notary public in the presence of two witnesses and with the consent of the minor. It shall be entered in the civil registry and shall meanwhile have no effect against third parties.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 233; June 2, 1976, No. 99, p. 295, eff. June 2, 1976.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART X - Emancipation and Majority (§§ 901 — 971) › Chapter 109 - Emancipation by Grant of Father or Mother Exercising Patria Potestas (§§ 911 — 916) › § 912 - Emancipation by order of court

A minor who shall have completed the said age of eighteen years may also be emancipated by a decision of the Court of First Instance for the purpose of administering his property, in the manner prescribed in §§ 951-955 of this title.
Emancipation may be petitioned for either by a relative of the minor or by the minor himself.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 234; July 24, 1952, No. 11, p. 30, eff. July 25, 1952.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART X - Emancipation and Majority (§§ 901 — 971) › Chapter 109 - Emancipation by Grant of Father or Mother Exercising Patria Potestas (§§ 911 — 916) › § 913 - Emancipation against will of parents

The minor may be emancipated against the will of his father or mother when they ill-treat him or refuse to maintain and educate him, or when they give him corrupt examples.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 235.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART X - Emancipation and Majority (§§ 901 — 971) › Chapter 109 - Emancipation by Grant of Father or Mother Exercising Patria Potestas (§§ 911 — 916) › § 914 - Accounts of tutorship

The accounts of the tutorship shall be rendered to the emancipated minor, assisted by a curator ad hoc to be appointed for this purpose by the Court of First Instance.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 236; July 24, 1952, No. 11, p. 30.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART X - Emancipation and Majority (§§ 901 — 971) › Chapter 109 - Emancipation by Grant of Father or Mother Exercising Patria Potestas (§§ 911 — 916) › § 915 - Capacities of emancipated minor

The emancipation capacitates the minor to govern himself and his property as if he were of legal age. Persons eighteen (18) years of age or older who are emancipated by their parents or by those with “patria potestad” over them may manage their property and contract pledges and obligations without having to obtain their authorization.
Furthermore, any minor who is eighteen (18) years of age or older is hereby emancipated for the purpose of receiving medical services and treatment in emergency rooms, and in the case of minors of eighteen (18) years of age or older who are parents, they may authorize medical services and treatment for their children in emergency rooms.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 237; June 2, 1976, No. 99, p. 295; Feb. 15, 1996, No. 7, § 1; § 2; Apr. 27, 2012, No. 78, § 2.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART X - Emancipation and Majority (§§ 901 — 971) › Chapter 109 - Emancipation by Grant of Father or Mother Exercising Patria Potestas (§§ 911 — 916) › § 916 - Emancipation not revocable

Emancipation once granted shall not be revoked.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 238.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART X - Emancipation and Majority (§§ 901 — 971) › Chapter 111 - Emancipation by Marriage (§§ 931 — 933) › § 931 - Emancipation by marriage

“Any person becomes legally emancipated of right by marriage. Nevertheless, in order to alienate or mortgage any real property or to contract loans, a minor emancipated by marriage shall require the consent of his father, in default of his father that of his mother, and in the proper case that of his tutor, in those cases in which the minor has not attained the age of eighteen (18).”
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 239; Feb. 15, 1996, No. 7, § 2; Sept. 11, 2009, No. 97, § 1; § 1; Apr. 27, 2012, No. 78, § 1.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART X - Emancipation and Majority (§§ 901 — 971) › Chapter 111 - Emancipation by Marriage (§§ 931 — 933) › § 932 - Appearance in court

A minor emancipated by reason of marriage may appear before the Court of First Instance to represent his interests, in the cases prescribed by law.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 240; July 24, 1952, No. 11, p. 30.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART X - Emancipation and Majority (§§ 901 — 971) › Chapter 111 - Emancipation by Marriage (§§ 931 — 933) › § 933 - Demand for accounts of tutorship

A minor emancipated by reason of marriage may demand of his tutor the rendition of the accounts of the tutorship.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 241.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART X - Emancipation and Majority (§§ 901 — 971) › Chapter 113 - Judicial Emancipation (§§ 951 — 955) › § 951 - Emancipation of orphan by judicial concession

A minor who has lost both parents may obtain the benefit of majority by concession of the part of the Court of First Instance of his domicil, after a hearing of the prosecuting attorney.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 242; July 24, 1952, No. 11, p. 30.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART X - Emancipation and Majority (§§ 901 — 971) › Chapter 113 - Judicial Emancipation (§§ 951 — 955) › § 952 - Opposition of tutor

The tutor may oppose the emancipation, in which case the Court of First Instance shall hear the parties at an oral hearing in which the reasons for and against such emancipation may be alleged and proved.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 243; July 24, 1952, No. 11, p. 30.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART X - Emancipation and Majority (§§ 901 — 971) › Chapter 113 - Judicial Emancipation (§§ 951 — 955) › § 953 - Requirements

For granting the concession stated in the preceding sections, it shall be required:
(1) That the minor be over eighteen years of age and have the necessary ability to manage and administer his property.
(2) That the minor consent to the emancipation.
(3) That such emancipation be deemed advantageous to the minor.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 244.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART X - Emancipation and Majority (§§ 901 — 971) › Chapter 113 - Judicial Emancipation (§§ 951 — 955) › § 954 - Records of emancipation

The emancipation shall be recorded in the registry of tutorships and in the civil registry.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 245.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART X - Emancipation and Majority (§§ 901 — 971) › Chapter 113 - Judicial Emancipation (§§ 951 — 955) › § 955 - Scope of decree of emancipation

When the Court of First Instance decrees the emancipation of the minor, it shall order that he be considered as of age for all legal effects, without exception.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 246; July 24, 1952, No. 11, p. 30.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART X - Emancipation and Majority (§§ 901 — 971) › Chapter 115 - Majority (§ 971) › § 971 - Age of majority; effects

Majority begins at the age of twenty-one years.
A person having attained the age of majority is capable of executing all the acts of civil life, with the exceptions established in special cases by this title.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 247.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART XI - Registry of Civil Status (§§ 981 — 984) › Chapter 119 - Generally (§§ 981 — 984) › § 981 - Acts relating to civil status

Acts relating to the civil status of persons shall be recorded in the registry devoted to that purpose.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 248.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART XI - Registry of Civil Status (§§ 981 — 984) › Chapter 119 - Generally (§§ 981 — 984) › § 982 - Contents of registry

The registry of civil status, shall include the records or entries of births, marriages, emancipations, acknowledgments and legitimations, and deaths, and shall be in charge of the secretaries of the municipalities.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 249.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART XI - Registry of Civil Status (§§ 981 — 984) › Chapter 119 - Generally (§§ 981 — 984) › § 983 - Evidence of civil status

The records in the registry shall be evidence of the civil status, and any other evidence can be admitted only when such records have never existed or the books of the registry should have disappeared or when a litigation is instituted before the courts.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 250.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 1 - Persons (§§ 81 — 984) › PART XI - Registry of Civil Status (§§ 981 — 984) › Chapter 119 - Generally (§§ 981 — 984) › § 984 - Record of birth

It shall not be necessary that a newly born child be presented to the official in charge of the registry for the record of birth, the statement of the person obliged to make it being sufficient. This statement shall include all the conditions required by law and shall be signed by its author or by two witnesses, at his request, should he not be able to do so.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 251.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 127 - General Principles (§§ 1021 — 1029) › § 1021 - Property and things defined

The word property is applicable in general to anything of which riches or fortune may consist. This word is likewise relative to the word things, which is the second object of jurisprudence, the rules of which refer to persons, things and actions.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 252.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 127 - General Principles (§§ 1021 — 1029) › § 1022 - Common or public; ownership of

Things or property are either common or public.
Property is, besides, susceptible of being owned either by corporations or by individuals.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 253.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 127 - General Principles (§§ 1021 — 1029) › § 1023 - Common things defined

Common things are those the ownership of which belongs to no one in particular and which all men may freely use, in conformity with their innate nature; such as air, rain water, the sea and its shores.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 254.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 127 - General Principles (§§ 1021 — 1029) › § 1024 - Things of public domain

The following are things of public domain:
Those intended for public use, as roads, canals, rivers, streams, and others of a like nature.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 255.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 127 - General Principles (§§ 1021 — 1029) › § 1025 - Property of public use; common property

The property of public use in Puerto Rico and the towns thereof comprises the Commonwealth and local roads, the squares, streets, fountains and public waters, walks, and public works for general use, paid for by the said towns or from the Treasury of Puerto Rico.
All other property, possessed by either the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or the municipalities thereof, is common property for the use of the general and municipal governments (bienes matrimoniales), and shall be governed by the provisions of this Code.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 256; Const., art. I, § 1, art. IX, § 4, eff. July 25, 1952.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 127 - General Principles (§§ 1021 — 1029) › § 1026 - Property of private ownership

Besides the common property for the use of the governments of the people of the United States, of the people of Puerto Rico and the municipalities thereof (bienes patrimoniales), the property belonging to private parties, either individually or collectively, is of private ownership.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 257.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 127 - General Principles (§§ 1021 — 1029) › § 1027 - Corporeal and incorporeal things

Things are furthermore divided into corporeal and incorporeal.
Corporeal things are such as are manifest to the senses, which may be touched or tasted, whether animate or inanimate. Of this kind are fruits, corn, gold, silver, clothes, furniture, lands, meadows, woods, houses and others.
Incorporeal things are such as are not manifest to the senses, and which are conceived only by the understanding, such as the rights of inheritance, servitudes and obligations.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 258.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 127 - General Principles (§§ 1021 — 1029) › § 1028 - Incorporeal things as movables or immovables

Incorporeal things, consisting only in a right, are not of themselves strictly susceptible of the quality of movables or immovables; nevertheless, they shall be considered as belonging in one or the other of these classes, according to the object to which they apply and the rules hereinafter established.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 259.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 127 - General Principles (§§ 1021 — 1029) › § 1029 - Things divided into movables and immovables

The third and last division of things is into movables and immovables.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 260.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 129 - Immovables (§§ 1041 — 1044) › § 1041 - Immovables defined

Immovables are, in general, those which cannot move themselves or be removed from one place to another.
This definition, strictly speaking, is applicable only to such things as are immovable by their own nature, and not to such as are so only by the disposition of the law.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 261.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 129 - Immovables (§§ 1041 — 1044) › § 1042 - Immovables by nature, destination, or object

Things may be immovable either by their own nature or by their destination or the object to which they are applicable.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 262.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 129 - Immovables (§§ 1041 — 1044) › § 1043 - What are immovables

The following are immovables:
(1) Lands, buildings, roads and structures of every kind adherent to the soil.
(2) Trees, plants and ungathered fruits, while they are not separated from the land or form an integral part of an immovable.
(3) Everything attached to an immovable in a fixed manner, in such a way that it cannot be separated from it without breaking the matter, or causing injury to the object.
(4) Statues, reliefs, paintings, or other objects of use or ornament, placed in buildings or on lands or tenements by the owner thereof in such a manner that they become attached permanently to the property.
(5) Machinery, vessels, instruments or implements intended by the owner of the tenement for the industry or works that he may carry on in any building or upon any land and which tend directly to meet the needs of the said industry or works.
(6) Animal houses, pigeon houses, bee hives, fish ponds or breeding places of a similar nature, when the owner has placed or preserves them with the intention of keeping them attached to the tenement and forming a permanent part thereof.
(7) Manures or fertilizers intended for the cultivation of the land, when upon the place where they are to be employed.
(8) Mines, quarries and slag lands, while the matter thereof forms part of the beds, and waters, either running or stagnant.
(9) Docks and structures which, though floating, are intended by their nature and the object for which they are designed, to remain at a fixed place in any river or lake, or on any shore.
(10) Administrative concessions for public works, and servitudes and other real rights, attached to immovables.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 263.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 129 - Immovables (§§ 1041 — 1044) › § 1044 - Incorporeal things considered immovables

The following incorporeal things are considered as immovable from the object to which they apply:
1. The usufruct and use of immovable things.
2. Any right or obligation established on any immovable.
3. Every action to recover an immovable or the whole of an inheritance.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 264.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 131 - Movables (§§ 1061 — 1068) › § 1061 - Movables defined

Movables are considered such things as are susceptible of appropriation and not included in §§ 1041-1044 of this title, and, in general, all those which can be carried from place to place without impairing the immovable to which they may be attached.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 265.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 131 - Movables (§§ 1061 — 1068) › § 1062 - Movables by nature or by disposition of law

Things are movable either by their nature or by disposition of the law.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 266.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 131 - Movables (§§ 1061 — 1068) › § 1063 - Movables by nature

Things movable by their nature are such as may be carried from one place to another, whether they move by themselves, if animate, or by means of an estraneous power, if inanimate.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 267.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 131 - Movables (§§ 1061 — 1068) › § 1064 - Movables by disposition of law

Things movable by disposition of the law are such as obligations and actions, the object of which is to recover money due or movables by their nature, although such obligations are accompanied with a mortgage; obligations which have for their object a specific performance, and those which from their nature carry with them an indemnization for damages; shares or interests in banks or companies of commerce, industries, or any other speculation, although such companies be possessed of immovables depending upon such enterprises. Such shares or interests are considered as movables with respect to every member of an association during the time of its existence; but if the association be dissolved, the right which any of its members may have to claim the division of the immovables or a participation therein, shall produce an immovable action.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 268.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 131 - Movables (§§ 1061 — 1068) › § 1065 - Other things considered movables

The following are also considered movables: rents or annuities, either for life or hereditary, in favor of a person or family, provided they do not incumber an immovable with a real charge; contracts for public services, and receipts and certificates representing mortgage loans.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 269.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 131 - Movables (§§ 1061 — 1068) › § 1066 - Movables as consumable or nonconsumable

Movables are either consumable or nonconsumable.
To the first class belong those which cannot be used in a manner appropriate to their nature, without their being consumed; all others belong to the second class.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 270.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 131 - Movables (§§ 1061 — 1068) › § 1067 - Things corporeal or incorporeal considered movables

All things corporeal or incorporeal, which are not immovables by nature or by disposition of the law, shall be considered as movables.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 271.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 131 - Movables (§§ 1061 — 1068) › § 1068 - Materials from demolition or for erection or repairs of buildings

Materials obtained from the demolition of a building, and those collected for the purpose of erecting a new building, are movables until they have been made use of in erecting a new building.
But if materials be separated from a house or other edifice, for the sole purpose of making repairs and additions in the said house or edifice, and with the intention of replacing them, they preserve the nature of immovables and are considered as such.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 272.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 133 - Property Considered in Relation to Persons (§§ 1081 — 1087) › § 1081 - Things in relation to their possessors

Things, in their relation to those who possess or enjoy them, are divided into two classes: things susceptible of ownership and those not susceptible of ownership.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 273.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 133 - Property Considered in Relation to Persons (§§ 1081 — 1087) › § 1082 - Things not susceptible of ownership

Among the things which are not susceptible of ownership are comprised those which cannot become private property by reason of the object for which they are intended, such as things in common, or those the use and enjoyment of which belong to all men.
There are other things, on the contrary, which, although by their nature are susceptible of private ownership, lose this quality as a consequence of their being applied for public purposes inconsistent with private ownership, but which may acquire their former condition so soon as they cease to be applied to that purpose; such are the lands used for highroads, streets and public squares.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 274.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 133 - Property Considered in Relation to Persons (§§ 1081 — 1087) › § 1083 - Things susceptible of ownership

Things susceptible of being owned are those which may be the object of private ownership and which may be alienated by sale, exchange, donation, prescription, or in any other manner.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 275.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 133 - Property Considered in Relation to Persons (§§ 1081 — 1087) › § 1084 - Disposal or alienation of property

Individuals have the free disposal of the property which they have lawfully acquired, without other restrictions than those established by law.
Property belonging to city, village and other corporations shall be administered in accordance with the laws and regulations peculiar thereto and can only be alienated in the manner and with the restrictions prescribed in their several acts of incorporation.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 276.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 133 - Property Considered in Relation to Persons (§§ 1081 — 1087) › § 1085 - Provisions common to the three preceding chapters—Scope of terms

Whenever, by the disposition of the law or by an individual declaration, the expression things immovable or immovables or things movable or movables, be used, it shall be understood as comprising, respectively, those enumerated in Chapters 129 and 131 of this title.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 277.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 133 - Property Considered in Relation to Persons (§§ 1081 — 1087) › § 1086 - Provisions common to the three preceding chapters—Furniture defined

Whenever the word “furniture” (muebles) alone is used, the following objects shall not be considered as comprised therein: money, credits, commercial effects, stocks, jewels, scientific or artistic collections, books, medals, arms, clothing, riding beasts or carriages and their harnesses, breadstuffs, liquids and merchandise, nor other things which have not for principal object the furnishing or ornamenting of living rooms, except where, by the context of the law or of the individual declaration, the contrary clearly appears.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 278.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART I - Classification of Property (§§ 1021 — 1087) › Chapter 133 - Property Considered in Relation to Persons (§§ 1081 — 1087) › § 1087 - Provisions common to the three preceding chapters—When money, stocks, credits, etc., are excluded from transfer

Whenever in a sale, legacy, donation or other disposition in which reference is made to movable or immovable things, their possession or ownership is transferred with everything they may contain, the transaction shall not be understood to compromise money, stocks or bonds, credits, and actions the documents of which are contained in the thing transferred, unless the intention is clearly shown to include in the transfer such values and rights.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 279.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART II - Ownership (§§ 1111 — 1243) › Chapter 137 - Ownership Generally (§§ 1111 — 1117) › § 1111 - Ownership defined; rights conferred

Ownership is the right by which a thing belongs to some one in particular, to the exclusion of all other persons.
Ownership confers the right to enjoy and dispose of things without further limitations than those established by law.
The owner holds a right of action against the holder and the possessor of the thing in order to recover it.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 280.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART II - Ownership (§§ 1111 — 1243) › Chapter 137 - Ownership Generally (§§ 1111 — 1117) › § 1112 - Kinds of ownership

The right of ownership, with regard to things may be of different kinds:
(1) A full and entire ownership, or the right to use, enjoy and alienate things.
(2) The right to use or to enjoy them, or both at the same time.
(3) The right to certain servitudes constituted upon immovables.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 281.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART II - Ownership (§§ 1111 — 1243) › Chapter 137 - Ownership Generally (§§ 1111 — 1117) › § 1113 - Deprivation of ownership; just compensation

No person shall be deprived of his ownership except it be by a competent authority and for a justified purpose of public utility or social benefit, and upon payment of just compensation which shall be fixed in the manner provided by law.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 282; Apr. 12, 1946, No. 300, p. 774.
2023 Laws of Puerto Rico › TITLE THIRTY-ONE - Civil Code (§§ 1 — 5305) › Subtitle 2 - Property Ownership and Its Modifications (§§ 1021 — 1875) › PART II - Ownership (§§ 1111 — 1243) › Chapter 137 - Ownership Generally (§§ 1111 — 1117) › § 1114 - Ownership vested in person with immediate dominion

The ownership of a thing is vested in him who has the immediate dominion thereof, and not in any other person, notwithstanding the fact that he uses or enjoys in some manner the thing belonging to another.
History —Civil Code, 1930, § 283.