reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 22 - Receivers, General and Special › § 8.01-591. Notice required prior to appointment of receiver

Whenever the pleadings in any suit make out a proper case for the appointment of a receiver and application is made therefor to any court, such court shall designate the time and place for hearing such application, and shall require reasonable notice thereof to be given to the defendant and to all other parties having a substantial interest, either as owners of or lienors of record and lienors known to the plaintiff, in the subject matter. The court to whom such application is made shall inquire particularly of the applicant as to the parties so substantially interested in the subject matter, and such applicant, for any intentional or wilful failure to disclose fully all material information relating to such inquiry, may be adjudged in contempt of court.
Code 1950, § 8-735; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 22 - Receivers, General and Special › § 8.01-592. Notice not required in emergencies

Section 8.01-591 shall not apply to those cases in which an emergency exists and it is necessary that a receiver be immediately appointed to preserve the subject matter. In such emergency cases a receiver may be appointed and the order of appointment shall state the emergency and necessity for immediate action, and shall require bond in proper amount of the applicant or someone for him with sufficient surety conditioned to protect and save harmless the owners, lienors and creditors, lien or general, in the subject matter taken over by the receiver, from all damages and injury properly and naturally flowing from such emergency appointment of a receiver.
Code 1950, § 8-736; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 22 - Receivers, General and Special › § 8.01-593. Subsequent proceedings after emergency appointment

Such emergency appointment shall be limited to a period of not longer than thirty days, during which period notice shall be given by the applicant to all parties having a substantial interest, either as owner of or lienor in the subject matter, of any motion to extend such receivership; and upon the hearing on such motion, the court shall hear the matter de novo, and shall discharge such receiver, or shall appoint the same receiver, or other receivers to act with him, or new receivers as to the court may seem right. Unless such receivership shall be so extended, all the rights and powers of such emergency receiver over the subject matter, at the end of such period for which he shall have been appointed, shall cease and determine, and such receiver shall forthwith file with such court an account of his dealing with such estate. The notices required to be given under this section and §§ 8.01-591 and 8.01-592 shall be served, as to residents of this Commonwealth, in any of the modes prescribed by § 8.01-296, and as to nonresidents of this Commonwealth, or persons unknown, or in any case in which the number of persons to be given notice exceeds thirty, in the manner prescribed by § 8.01-319.
Code 1950, § 8-737; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 22 - Receivers, General and Special › § 8.01-594. Notice not required to parties served with process

In any suit matured and docketed in which the bill or petition prays for the appointment of a receiver, no notice shall be required under this article to be given to any defendant upon whom process to answer such bill or petition shall have been served.
Code 1950, § 8-738; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 22 - Receivers, General and Special › § 8.01-595. Preparation of list of creditors; notice to them

When a receiver has been appointed he shall immediately prepare or cause to be prepared a list of all creditors, lien and general, of the person, firm, corporation or of any other legal or commercial entity for which he is a receiver; and the court may by proper order compel any defendant for whom a receiver is appointed, or any officer of the corporation or of any other legal or commercial entity for whom the receiver is appointed, to furnish or deliver to the receiver a list, duly sworn to, of all creditors, lien or general, together with their addresses if known. The receiver shall then promptly notify by mail each creditor whose name and address has been ascertained of the appointment of the receiver.
When a permanent receiver is appointed he shall not be required to make a new list of creditors if a temporary receiver or a prior receiver appointed in the same proceedings has already prepared one which is adequate, nor shall he be required to mail other notices to creditors if the prior receiver has given proper notice to the parties entitled thereto.
Code 1950, § 8-739; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 22 - Receivers, General and Special › § 8.01-596. No sale prior to such notification; exceptions

No court shall order the sale of any assets of the receivership until a receiver has reported to the court in writing that he has mailed such notices to such creditors at least five days prior to the filing of such report, except that the court may at any time permit the sale of perishable or seasonable goods when necessary to preserve the estate, or may permit the receiver to conduct the business for which he is a receiver as a going business and to sell in the usual course of such business.
Code 1950, § 8-740; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 22 - Receivers, General and Special › § 8.01-597. Suits against receivers in certain cases

Any receiver of any property appointed by the courts of this Commonwealth may be sued in respect of any act or transaction of his in carrying on the business connected with such property, without the previous leave of the court in which such receiver was appointed; but the institution or pendency of such suit shall not interfere with or delay a sale by trustees under a deed of trust or a decree of sale for foreclosure of any mortgage upon such property.
Code 1950, § 8-741; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 22 - Receivers, General and Special › § 8.01-598. Effect of judgment against receiver

A judgment against a receiver under § 8.01-597 shall not be a lien on the property or funds under the control of the court, nor shall any execution issue thereon, but upon filing a certified copy of such judgment in the cause in which the receiver was appointed, the court shall direct payment of such judgment in the same manner as if the claim upon which the judgment is based had been proved and allowed in such cause.
Code 1950, § 8-742; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 22 - Receivers, General and Special › § 8.01-599. Warrant or motion for judgment against receiver in general district court, when to be tried

A warrant or motion for judgment before a general district court under §§ 8.01-597 and 8.01-598 may be tried not less than ten days after service of process.
Code 1950, § 8-743; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 22 - Receivers, General and Special › § 8.01-601. Deposit with general receiver of certain funds under supervision of fiduciary and belonging to person under disability

Whenever it appears to any fiduciary as defined in § 8.01-2 that a person under a disability as defined in § 8.01-2 is not represented by a fiduciary as defined above and is entitled to funds not exceeding $3,000 under the supervision and control of the fiduciary in charge of such funds, he may report such fact to the commissioner of accounts of the court in which he was admitted to qualify. With the approval of such commissioner of accounts, the fiduciary in charge of such funds may deposit such funds with the general receiver of the court in which he was admitted to qualify. The general receiver shall issue a receipt to such fiduciary which shall show the source of such fund, the amount and to whom it belongs and shall enter the amount and such facts in his accounts.
Code 1950, § 8-744.1; 1970, c. 352; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 22 - Receivers, General and Special › § 8.01-602. Proceedings when owner of money under control of court unknown

Whenever any money has remained payable or distributable for one year in the custody or under the control of any court of this Commonwealth without anyone known to the court claiming the same, except funds deposited as compensation and damages in condemnation proceedings pursuant to § 25.1-237 pending a final order or pursuant to § 33.2-1019, the court shall cause such money to be reported and then remitted to the State Treasurer pursuant to §§ 55.1-2518 and 55.1-2524.
The general receiver, if one has been appointed, and the clerk of the circuit court shall be responsible for identifying such money held by them in their respective control pursuant to §§ 8.01-582 and 8.01-600 and for petitioning the court to remit as provided in this section.
Code 1950, § 8-746; 1966, c. 210; 1977, c. 617; 1982, c. 155; 1984, c. 121; 1987, c. 708; 1988, c. 841.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 22 - Receivers, General and Special › § 8.01-604. How State Treasurer to keep account of such money

The State Treasurer shall keep an account of all money thus paid to him, showing the amount thereof, when, by whom, and under what order it was paid, and the name of the court, and, as far as practicable, a description of the suit or proceeding in which the order was made, and, as far as known, the names of the parties thereto.
Code 1950, § 8-748; 1977, c. 617; 1981, c. 514; 1982, c. 155.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 22 - Receivers, General and Special › § 8.01-605. How person entitled to money paid into state treasury may recover it

Money paid into the state treasury under the provisions of this article shall be accounted for and disbursed under the procedures provided for in Article 3 (§ 55.1-2524 et seq.) of Chapter 25 of Title 55.1.
Code 1950, § 8-749; 1962, c. 607; 1977, c. 617; 1981, c. 514; 1982, c. 155.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 23 - Commissioners in Chancery › § 8.01-607. Appointment and removal

A. Each circuit court may, from time to time, appoint such commissioners in chancery as may be deemed necessary for the convenient dispatch of the business of such court. Such commissioners shall be removable at pleasure.
B. Commissioners in chancery may be appointed in cases in circuit court, including uncontested divorce cases, only when:
1. There is agreement by the parties with the concurrence of the court; or
2. Upon (i) motion of a party, or (ii) upon motion of the court, sua sponte. The court shall make a finding of good cause shown in each individual case.
Code 1950, § 8-248; 1977, c. 617; 2005, c. 885.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 23 - Commissioners in Chancery › § 8.01-608. How accounts referred

Accounts to be taken in any case shall be referred to a commissioner appointed pursuant to § 8.01-607, unless the parties interested agree, or the court shall deem it proper, that they be referred to some other person.
Code 1950, § 8-249; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 23 - Commissioners in Chancery › § 8.01-609. Duties; procedure generally

Every commissioner shall examine, and report upon, any matters as may be referred to him by any court. The proceedings before a commissioner in chancery shall be conducted as set forth in this chapter and the Rules of Court.
Code 1950, § 8-249; 1977, c. 617; 1981, c. 613; 1992, c. 297.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 23 - Commissioners in Chancery › § 8.01-609.1. Commissioners in chancery

A commissioner in chancery may, for services rendered by virtue of his office, charge the following fees, to wit:
For services which might be performed by notaries, the fees for such services and for any other service such fees as the court by which the commissioner is appointed may from time to time prescribe.
A commissioner shall not be compelled to make out or return a report until his fees therefor are paid or security given him to pay so much as may be adjudged appropriate by the court to which the report is to be returned or by the judge thereof in vacation, unless the court finds cause to order it to be made out and returned without such payment or security.
Code 1950, § 14-142; 1964, c. 386, § 14.1-133; 1998, c. 872.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 23 - Commissioners in Chancery › § 8.01-610. Weight to be given commissioner's report

The report of a commissioner in chancery shall not have the weight given to the verdict of a jury on conflicting evidence, but the court shall confirm or reject such report in whole or in part, according to the view which it entertains of the law and the evidence.
Code 1950, § 8-250; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 23 - Commissioners in Chancery › § 8.01-611. Notice of time and place of taking account

The court, ordering an account to be taken, may direct that notice of the time and place of taking it be published once a week for two successive weeks in a newspaper meeting the requirements of § 8.01-324, and may also require notice to be served on the parties in the manner set forth in the Rules of Court for the taking of depositions.
Code 1950, § 8-251; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 23 - Commissioners in Chancery › § 8.01-612. Commissioner may summons witnesses

A commissioner in chancery, to whom has been referred any matter, may compel the attendance of all needed witnesses by summons. A summonsed witness who fails to attend shall be reported to the court for appropriate contempt proceedings.
Code 1950, § 8-252; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 23 - Commissioners in Chancery › § 8.01-613. Commissioner may ask instructions of court

A commissioner, who has doubts as to any point which arises before him, may, in writing, submit the point to the court, who may instruct him thereon.
Code 1950, § 8-253; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 23 - Commissioners in Chancery › § 8.01-614. His power to adjourn his proceedings

A commissioner in chancery may adjourn his proceedings from time to time, after the day to which notice was given, without any new notice, until his report is completed; and, when it is completed, it may be filed in the clerk's office at any time thereafter. The commissioner may, if it shall appear to him necessary, adjourn such proceedings, to any place within the Commonwealth, and there continue such proceedings and take depositions and other evidence in like manner and with like force and effect as if the same were done in the place where he was appointed, and the commissioner shall have the power to compel the attendance of witnesses before him in the manner prescribed by § 8.01-612.
Code 1950, §§ 8-254, 8-255; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 23 - Commissioners in Chancery › § 8.01-615. When cause heard on report; time for filing exceptions

A cause may be heard by the court upon a commissioner's report. Subject to the Rules of Court regarding dispensing with notice of taking proofs and other proceedings, reasonable notice of such hearing shall be given to counsel of record and to parties not represented by counsel. Exceptions to the commissioner's report shall be filed within ten days after the report has been filed with the court, or for good cause shown, at a later time specified by the court.
This section shall not apply to the report of a commissioner appointed to sell property; in such cases the report of such commissioner, when filed in the clerk's office, shall be either confirmed, modified, or rejected forthwith.
Code 1950, § 8-257; 1958, c. 67; 1977, c. 617; 1978, c. 237; 1981, c. 500; 1982, c. 339.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 23 - Commissioners in Chancery › § 8.01-616. Delivery of original papers of suit by clerk to commissioner

The clerk of a court shall, upon the request of any commissioner in chancery who has before him for execution an order made in such action, deliver to him the original papers thereof; and it shall not be necessary for the clerk to copy such papers, nor shall he charge any fee for copies of any of them, unless the same be specially ordered. The commissioner to whom such papers may be delivered, shall give his receipt therefor, and return the papers as speedily as possible to the office of the clerk of the court.
Code 1950, § 8-258; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 23 - Commissioners in Chancery › § 8.01-617. Settlement of accounts of special receivers and special commissioners

Every circuit court, by an order entered of record, shall appoint one of its commissioners in chancery, who shall hold office at its pleasure, to state and settle the accounts of all special receivers and of all special commissioners holding funds or evidences of debt subject to the order of the court.
All special receivers and special commissioners shall, unless their accounts have been previously verified and approved by the court, and ordered to be recorded, with reasonable promptness, and not longer than four months after any money in their hands should be distributed or at other intervals specified by the court, present to such commissioner in chancery an accurate statement of all receipts and disbursements, duly signed and supported by proper vouchers; and the commissioner in chancery shall examine and verify the same, and attach his certificate thereto approving it, if it is correct, or stating any errors or inaccuracies therein, and file same in the cause in which the special receiver or special commissioner was appointed, and present the same to the court.
The court may at any time appoint any of its other commissioners in chancery to perform the duties herein required in any case in which the regular commissioner in chancery appointed hereunder is himself the special receiver or special commissioner whose accounts are to be settled.
For his services performed hereunder the commissioner in chancery shall receive such compensation as the court allows, to be paid out of the fund in the hands of the special receiver or special commissioner.
If any special receiver or special commissioner fails to make settlement as herein required within the time herein provided, he shall forfeit his compensation, or so much thereof as the court orders.
The court may order its general receiver also to state and settle his accounts in the manner herein provided. When a general receiver settles his accounts before a commissioner of accounts or commissioner in chancery, fees charged by the commissioner are to be reasonable but may not exceed $100 per general receiver settlement or $1 per disbursement made by the general receiver as reflected in the settlement, whichever is greater.
Code 1950, § 8-259; 1977, c. 617; 1988, c. 553.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 23 - Commissioners in Chancery › § 8.01-618. Reports of such settlements; when new bond required

The court shall examine the reports required by § 8.01-617, when the same are made to it; and, if satisfied of the correctness thereof, shall order them to be recorded. If it appears from the report of the commissioner that any bond of a receiver, or any bond or other security given by any person to whom money has been loaned under its order, is insufficient, the court shall order additional security to be given, or a new bond to be executed before it, in such penalty as may seem right, and with sufficient sureties. But the execution of such new bond shall not discharge the sureties in any prior bond for their liability for acts of the principal obligor done previous to the execution of such new bond.
Code 1950, § 8-260; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 23 - Commissioners in Chancery › § 8.01-618.1. Fees of special receivers and commissioners for reports

Special receivers and commissioners may charge, for the reports made under § 8.01-617, the same fees allowed by law to commissioners in chancery for other reports, to be paid out of the fund in court, and charged to the respective cases therein, in such proportions as the court deems appropriate.
Code 1950, § 8-262; 1977, c. 624, § 14.1-133.1; 1998, c. 872.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 23 - Commissioners in Chancery › § 8.01-619. Recordation of reports of such settlements

The circuit court clerk shall record reports of receivers and commissioners when approved by the court, in a fiduciary book and properly index same to show the name of the receiver or commissioner and also the style of the suit in which the report is made; and such book shall be kept as a public record in the office of the clerk.
Code 1950, § 8-261; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 24 - Injunctions › § 8.01-620. General jurisdiction of circuit court to award injunctions

Every circuit court shall have jurisdiction to award injunctions, including cases involving violations of the Uniform Statewide Building Code, whether the judgment or proceeding enjoined be in or out of the circuit, or the party against whose proceedings the injunction be asked resides in or out of the circuit.
Code 1950, § 8-610; 1977, c. 617; 1995, c. 310.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 24 - Injunctions › § 8.01-622. Injunction to protect plaintiff in suit for specific property

An injunction may be awarded to protect any plaintiff in a suit for specific property, pending either at law or in equity, against injury from the sale, removal, or concealment of such property.
Code 1950, § 8-612; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 24 - Injunctions › § 8.01-622.1. Injunction against assisted suicide; damages; professional sanctions

A. Any person who knowingly and intentionally, with the purpose of assisting another person to commit or attempt to commit suicide, (i) provides the physical means by which another person commits or attempts to commit suicide or (ii) participates in a physical act by which another person commits or attempts to commit suicide shall be liable for damages as provided in this section and may be enjoined from such acts.
B. A cause of action for injunctive relief against any person who is reasonably expected to assist or attempt to assist a suicide may be maintained by any person who is the spouse, parent, child, sibling or guardian of, or a current or former licensed health care provider of, the person who would commit suicide; by an attorney for the Commonwealth with appropriate jurisdiction; or by the Attorney General. The injunction shall prevent the person from assisting any suicide in the Commonwealth.
C. A spouse, parent, child or sibling of a person who commits or attempts to commit suicide may recover compensatory and punitive damages in a civil action from any person who provided the physical means for the suicide or attempted suicide or who participated in a physical act by which the other person committed or attempted to commit suicide.
D. A licensed health care provider who assists or attempts to assist a suicide shall be considered to have engaged in unprofessional conduct for which his certificate or license to provide health care services in the Commonwealth shall be suspended or revoked by the licensing authority.
E. Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit or conflict with § 54.1-2971.01 or the Health Care Decisions Act (§ 54.1-2981 et seq.). This section shall not apply to a licensed health care provider who (i) administers, prescribes or dispenses medications or procedures to relieve another person's pain or discomfort and without intent to cause death, even if the medication or procedure may hasten or increase the risk of death, or (ii) withholds or withdraws life-prolonging procedures as defined in § 54.1-2982. This section shall not apply to any person who properly administers a legally prescribed medication without intent to cause death, even if the medication may hasten or increase the risk of death.
F. For purposes of this section:
"Licensed health care provider" means a physician, surgeon, podiatrist, osteopath, osteopathic physician and surgeon, physician assistant, nurse, dentist or pharmacist licensed under the laws of this Commonwealth.
"Suicide" means the act or instance of taking one's own life voluntarily and intentionally.
1998, c. 624; 2015, c. 710.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 24 - Injunctions › § 8.01-622.2. Injunction against disclosure of criminal investigative file materials under the Virginia Freedom of Information Act

Except with respect to the disclosure of records under clause (iv) of subsection D or clause (v) (a) of subsection D of § 2.2-3706.1, an injunction may be awarded to prevent the disclosure of records related to criminal investigative files requested under § 2.2-3706.1 of the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (§ 2.2-3700 et seq.).
In making its determination, a court shall consider the following and shall enter its findings on the record:
1. Whether disclosure of the public records would constitute an unreasonable invasion of personal privacy;
2. Whether disclosure of the public records would endanger the life or physical safety of any individual;
3. Whether disclosure of the public records would subject (i) the victim; (ii) the victim's immediate family members as set forth in § 2.2-3706.1, if the victim is deceased and the immediate family member is not a person of interest or a suspect in the criminal investigation or proceeding; or (iii) the parent or guardian of the victim, if the victim is a minor and the parent or guardian is not a person of interest or a suspect in the criminal investigation or proceeding, to severe mental or emotional distress; and
4. Any other factor or information deemed by the court to be relevant.
2022, c. 386.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 24 - Injunctions › § 8.01-623. Injunction against decree subject to bill of review; limitations to bill of review

A court allowing a bill of review may award an injunction to the decree to be reviewed. But no bill of review shall be allowed to a final decree, unless it be exhibited within six months next after such decree, except that a person under a disability as defined in § 8.01-2 may exhibit the same within six months after the removal of his or her disability. In no case shall such a bill be filed without the leave of court first obtained, unless it be for error of law apparent upon the face of the record.
Code 1950, § 8-613; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 24 - Injunctions › § 8.01-624. Duration of temporary injunctions to be fixed therein

When any court authorized to award injunctions shall grant a temporary injunction, either with or without notice to the adverse party, such court shall prescribe in the injunction order the time during which such injunction shall be effective and at the expiration of that time such injunction shall stand dissolved unless, before the expiration thereof, it be enlarged. Such injunction may be enlarged or a further injunction granted by the court in which the cause is pending or by the court to whom the bill is addressed in the event the cause be not matured, after reasonable notice to the adverse party, or to his attorney of record of the time and place of moving for the same.
Code 1950, § 8-614; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 24 - Injunctions › § 8.01-625. Dissolution of injunctions

Any court wherein an injunction has been awarded may at any time when such injunction is in force dissolve the same after reasonable notice to the adverse party, or to his attorney of record, in which notice shall be set forth the grounds upon which such dissolution will be asked, unless such grounds be set forth in an answer previously filed in the case by the party giving such notice.
Code 1950, § 8-615; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 24 - Injunctions › § 8.01-626. Review of injunction; petitions for review

When a circuit court (i) grants a preliminary injunction, (ii) refuses such an injunction, (iii) having granted such an injunction, dissolves or refuses to enlarge it, or (iv) enters an order reviewable pursuant to § 8.01-670.2, an aggrieved party may file a petition for review with the clerk of the Supreme Court within 15 days of the circuit court's order.
The clerk shall assign the petition to a three-justice panel of the Supreme Court. The aggrieved party shall serve a copy of the petition for review on the counsel for the opposing party, which may file a response within 15 days from the date of service unless otherwise determined by the court. The petition for review shall be accompanied by a copy of the proceedings before the circuit court, including the original papers and the circuit court's order respecting the injunction. The Supreme Court may take such action thereon as it considers appropriate under the circumstances of the case.
Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent the Supreme Court from resolving a petition for review by an order joined by more than three justices.
Code 1950, § 8-618; 1977, c. 617; 1984, c. 703; 2014, c. 526; 2021, Sp. Sess. I, c. 489; 2022, cc. 307, 714; 2023, c. 741.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 24 - Injunctions › § 8.01-627. To what clerk order for injunction directed

Every order, awarding an injunction made under § 8.01-620 or § 8.01-626, shall be directed to the clerk of the court which has venue under § 8.01-261 and the proceedings thereupon shall be as if the order has been made by such court.
Code 1950, § 8-619; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 24 - Injunctions › § 8.01-628. Equity of prayer for temporary injunction to be shown by affidavit or otherwise

No temporary injunction shall be awarded unless the court shall be satisfied of the plaintiff's equity. An application for a temporary injunction may be supported or opposed by an affidavit or verified pleading.
Code 1950, § 8-620; 1977, c. 617; 2015, c. 125.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 24 - Injunctions › § 8.01-629. Notice required

Any court may require that reasonable notice be given to the adverse party, or to his attorney of record, of the time and place of moving for it, before the injunction is granted, if, in the opinion of the court, it be proper that such notice be given.
Code 1950, § 8-621; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 24 - Injunctions › § 8.01-630. Forthcoming bond in connection with injunction against removal of property

A court awarding a temporary injunction to restrain the removal of property out of this Commonwealth may require bond with security to be given before such officer and in such penalty as the court may direct, with condition to have the property forthcoming to abide the future order or decree of the court and, unless such bond be given, may order the officer serving its process to take possession of the property and keep it until the bond be given or until further order of the court.
Code 1950, § 8-622; 1977, c. 617; 2012, cc. 8, 77.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 24 - Injunctions › § 8.01-631. Injunction bond

A. Except in the case of a fiduciary or any other person from whom in the opinion of the court awarding an injunction it may be improper or unnecessary to require bond, no temporary injunction shall take effect until the movant gives bond with security in an amount that the trial court considers proper to pay the costs and damages sustained by any party found to have been incorrectly enjoined, with such conditions as the trial court may prescribe.
B. When an appeal is taken from an interlocutory order or final judgment granting, dissolving, or denying a permanent injunction, and while the appeal is pending, the trial court in its discretion may suspend, modify, restore, or grant an injunction during the pendency of the appeal upon such terms as to bond or otherwise as it considers proper for the security of the rights of the adverse party.
C. The bond shall be given before the clerk of the court in which the injunction is awarded.
D. An order by the trial court under subsection A or B may be modified or vacated by the appellate court having jurisdiction over the appeal in accordance with § 8.01-676.1.
E. For any temporary or permanent injunction sought by, or awarded to, the Commonwealth, or any of its officers or agencies, no bond shall be required.
Code 1950, § 8-623; 1976, c. 238; 1977, c. 617; 2012, cc. 8, 77.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 24 - Injunctions › § 8.01-631.1. Environmental injunction; financial capacity

A court awarding a temporary or permanent injunction to the Commonwealth, or any of its officers or agencies, requiring any party to (i) abate, control, prevent, remove, or contain any substantial or imminent threat to public health or the environment, or (ii) develop a closure plan to address any substantial or imminent threat to public health or the environment that may result when a business ceases operation, shall require the defendant to demonstrate its financial capability to comply with the injunction. Financial capability may be demonstrated, at the court's discretion, by the establishment of an escrow account, the creation of a trust fund, the submission of a bond, or such other instruments as the court may deem appropriate.
For the purposes of this section "ceases operation" means to cease conducting the normal operation of a business in the Commonwealth where it would be reasonable to expect that such operation will not be resumed by the owner. The term shall not include the ordinary sale or transfer of a business.
1991, c. 236.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 24 - Injunctions › § 8.01-632. How surety in forthcoming bond may obtain additional security

Any surety in the forthcoming bond described in §§ 8.01-630 and 8.01-631, or his personal representative, may move for and obtain an order for other or additional security, in the same manner as the defendant in an injunction.
Code 1950, § 8-624; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 24 - Injunctions › § 8.01-633. Damages on dissolution

When an injunction to stay proceedings on a judgment or decree for money is dissolved wholly or in part there shall be paid to the party having such judgment or decree damages at the rate of ten per centum per annum from the time the injunction took effect until the dissolution, on such sum as appears to be due, including the costs; but the court wherein the injunction is may direct that no such damages be paid, or that there be paid only such portion thereof as it may deem just. In a case wherein a forthcoming bond was forfeited, and no execution was had thereon before the injunction took effect, a court awarding such execution shall include in its judgment or decree damages as aforesaid. In other cases damages may be included in the execution on the judgment or decree to which the injunction was awarded.
Code 1950, § 8-625; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 25 - Extraordinary Writs › § 8.01-635. Common-law writ of quo warranto and information in the nature of writ of quo warranto abolished; statutory writ of quo warranto established

The common-law writ of quo warranto and information in the nature of writ of quo warranto is hereby abolished and superseded by the statutory writ of quo warranto.
1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 25 - Extraordinary Writs › § 8.01-636. In what cases writ issued

A writ of quo warranto may be issued and prosecuted in the name of the Commonwealth in any of the following cases:
1. Against a domestic corporation, other than a municipal corporation, for the misuse or nonuse of its corporate privileges and franchises, or for the exercise of a privilege or franchise not conferred upon it by law, or when a charter of incorporation has been obtained by it for a fraudulent purpose, or for a purpose not authorized by law;
2. Against a person for the misuse or nonuse of any privilege conferred upon him by law;
2a. Against a person engaged in the practice of any profession without being duly authorized or licensed to do so;
3. Against any person or persons acting as a corporation, other than a municipal corporation, without authority of law; and
4. Against any person who intrudes into or usurps any public office. But no writ shall be issued or prosecuted against any person now in office for any cause which would have been available in support of a proceeding to contest his election.
Provided that nothing herein shall be construed to give jurisdiction to any court to judge the election, qualifications, or returns of the members of either house of the General Assembly.
Code 1950, § 8-857; 1977, c. 617; 1980, c. 705.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 25 - Extraordinary Writs › § 8.01-637. By whom filed; when leave granted and writ issued

A. The Attorney General or attorney for the Commonwealth of any county or city of which the circuit court has jurisdiction of the proceeding, at his own instance or at the relation of any interested person, or any interested person, may apply to such court by petition verified by oath for a writ of quo warranto. In case of an application under § 8.01-636 2a the term "any interested person" shall include any attorney licensed to practice law in this Commonwealth and qualified to practice before the Supreme Court of Virginia, or the circuit court in which the petition is filed.
B. If, in the opinion of the court, the matters stated in the petition are sufficient in law to authorize the issuance of such writ, a writ shall issue thereon, commanding the sheriff to summon the defendant to appear at a date set forth in the writ.
C. If the petition is filed on the relation of any person or by any person at his own instance, before the clerk shall issue the writ the court shall require the relator or person to give bond with sufficient surety, to be approved by the clerk, to indemnify the Commonwealth against all costs and expenses of the proceedings, in case the same shall not be recovered from and paid by the defendant.
Code 1950, §§ 8-858, 8-859, 8-860; 1977, c. 617; 1980, c. 705.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 25 - Extraordinary Writs › § 8.01-639. How summons directed and served

The writ and a copy of the petition attached thereto may be directed to the sheriff of any county or city and shall be served as in other actions.
Code 1950, § 8-861; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 25 - Extraordinary Writs › § 8.01-640. Judgment when defendant fails to appear

If the defendant fails to appear in accordance with the writ, the court may hear proof of the allegations of the petition, and if the allegations are sustained, shall give judgment accordingly.
Code 1950, § 8-862; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 25 - Extraordinary Writs › § 8.01-641. Reopening same when made on service by publication

But if service is made by publication, the defendant against whom the judgment is rendered may file a motion within thirty days from the rendition of judgment to have such judgment set aside, upon giving bond with good security as prescribed by the court, with condition to pay all such costs as shall be awarded in the cause against the defendant. The defendant may then make such defense to the petition as he might have made, and in the same manner, before the judgment was rendered.
Code 1950, § 8-863; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 25 - Extraordinary Writs › § 8.01-642. Pleading when defendant appears

The defendant against whom the writ was issued may plead, demur or answer the petition within the time set forth in the writ for his appearance.
Code 1950, § 8-864; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 25 - Extraordinary Writs › § 8.01-643. Trial; verdict; judgment; costs; attorney's fee

Unless the defendant shall ask for a trial by jury, the court shall hear the same. If the case is tried by jury and the defendant is found guilty as to only a part of the charges, the verdict shall be guilty as to such part and shall particularly specify the same. As to the residue of such charges, the verdict shall be not guilty.
If the defendant appears and is found guilty the court shall give such judgment as is appropriate and authorized by law and for costs incurred in the prosecution of the information, including a reasonable attorney's fee to be prescribed by the court.
Code 1950, § 8-865; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 25 - Extraordinary Writs › § 8.01-644. Application for mandamus or prohibition

Except as provided in § 2.2-3713, application for a writ of mandamus or a writ of prohibition shall be on petition verified by oath, after the party against whom the writ is prayed has been served with a copy of the petition and notice of the intended application a reasonable time before such application is made.
Code 1950, § 8-704; 1977, c. 617; 2009, c. 634.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 25 - Extraordinary Writs › § 8.01-644.1. Limitations of actions for petition for mandamus

A petition for extraordinary writ of mandamus, filed by or on behalf of a person confined in a state correctional facility, shall be brought within one year after the cause of action accrues.
1998, c. 596.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 25 - Extraordinary Writs › § 8.01-645. What petition to state; where presented

The petition shall state plainly and concisely the grounds of the application, concluding with a prayer for the writ, and shall be presented to the court having jurisdiction, unless the application is to the Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court.
Code 1950, § 8-705; 1977, c. 617; 1984, c. 703.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 25 - Extraordinary Writs › § 8.01-646. When writ awarded if no defense made

When the application is made, on proof of notice and service of the copy of the petition as aforesaid, if the defendant fails to appear, or appearing fails to make defense, and the petition states a proper case for the writ, a peremptory writ shall be awarded with costs.
Code 1950, § 8-706; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 25 - Extraordinary Writs › § 8.01-647. Defense; how made

The defendant may file a demurrer or answer on oath to the petition, or both. The court may permit amendments of the pleadings as in other cases.
Code 1950, § 8-707; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 25 - Extraordinary Writs › § 8.01-649. Proceedings when application is to Supreme Court or Court of Appeals

If the application is to the Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court, the procedure shall be in accordance with the provisions of Rules of Court.
Code 1950, § 8-710; 1977, c. 617; 1984, c. 703.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 25 - Extraordinary Writs › § 8.01-650. Suspension of proceedings, where prohibition applied for

On petition for a writ of prohibition, the court may, at any time before or after the application for the writ is made, make an order, a copy of which shall be served on the defendant, suspending the proceedings sought to be prohibited until the final decision of the cause.
Code 1950, § 8-711; 1977, c. 617.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 25 - Extraordinary Writs › § 8.01-651. Suspension of proceedings by justice of Supreme Court or judge of Court of Appeals

Whenever a court having jurisdiction refuses to suspend proceedings as provided in § 8.01-650 of this chapter, a copy of the proceedings in court, with any orders entered in the proceedings, may be presented to a judge of the Court of Appeals, if an application for a writ of prohibition is pending in that court, or to a justice of the Supreme Court if the application for a writ is pending there. Such judge or justice may thereupon award a suspension of the proceedings sought to be prohibited until the final decision of the cause.
Code 1950, § 8-711.1; 1972, c. 673; 1977, c. 617; 1984, c. 703.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 8.01 - Civil Remedies and Procedure › Chapter 25 - Extraordinary Writs › § 8.01-652. Service of writ; how obedience enforced

Service of a copy of the order awarding the writ shall be equivalent to service of the writ, and obedience to the writ or order may be enforced by process of contempt.
Code 1950, § 8-713; 1977, c. 617.