reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter I - Appointment of Guardian; Bond › § 21–110. Service on nonresident guardian; failure to give power of attorney

§ 21–110. Service on nonresident guardian; failure to give power of attorney.
Before original or ancillary letters of guardianship are issued, the person designated, if a nonresident of the District of Columbia, shall file in the office of the Register of Wills an irrevocable power of attorney designating the Register of Wills and his successors in office as the person upon whom all notices and process issued by a competent court in the District may be served, with like effect as personal service, in relation to all suits, matters, causes, or things affecting or pertaining to the estate in which the letters are to be issued. The Register of Wills shall forthwith forward by registered or certified mail to the address of the guardian, which shall be stated in the power of attorney, all notices or process served upon the Register under this section.
If the person fails to file the power of attorney within 10 days after the entry of the order of appointment, the order shall stand revoked, and he shall forfeit all rights to the office.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 739, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-110.
1973 Ed., § 21-110.
Cross References
Trust company fiduciaries, bonding, see §§ 26-1333 and 26-1334.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter I - Appointment of Guardian; Bond › § 21–111. Ancillary guardian of estate of nonresident infant

§ 21–111. Ancillary guardian of estate of nonresident infant.
When an infant residing outside the District of Columbia is entitled to property or to maintain an action in the District of Columbia, a general guardian or committee of his estate, appointed by a court of competent jurisdiction in the State or territory where the infant resides, or a person at the request of the guardian or committee, may petition the court for ancillary letters as guardian or committee. The petition shall be under oath, accompanied by certified copies of as much of the record and proceedings as shows the appointment of the guardian or committee and that he has given a sufficient bond to account for all property and money that may come into his hands by virtue of the authority conferred. The court may thereupon issue to the guardian or committee ancillary letters as such guardian or committee, without citation, or may cite such persons as it believes proper to show cause why the application should be refused; and the court shall require the security required by law in like cases from a resident guardian or committee.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 739, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-111.
1973 Ed., § 21-111.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter I - Appointment of Guardian; Bond › § 21–112. Suits by ancillary guardian

§ 21–112. Suits by ancillary guardian.
(a) Upon the granting of ancillary letters, the guardian may institute and prosecute to judgment any action in the courts of the District of Columbia, take possession of all property of his ward, and collect and receive all moneys belonging and due to him therein, give full receipt and acquittances for debts, and release all claims, liens, and mortgages belonging to the ward, on property in the District of Columbia, in the same manner as if his authority had been originally conferred by the Probate Court.
(b) The guardian shall give security for the costs which may accrue in an action brought by him, in the same manner as other nonresidents bringing suit in the courts of the District.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 740, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1; July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 567, Pub. L. 91-358, title I, § 150(a)(1).)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-112.
1973 Ed., § 21-112.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter I - Appointment of Guardian; Bond › § 21–113. Enjoining spouse, parent, or testamentary guardian from interfering with minor’s estate

§ 21–113. Enjoining spouse, parent, or testamentary guardian from interfering with minor’s estate.
On application of a friend of an infant entitled to real or personal estate, or in the exercise of its own discretion, the court may enjoin a parent or spouse or testamentary guardian from interfering with the infant’s estate without being appointed and giving bond as guardian of the estate.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 740, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1; Oct. 1, 1976, D.C. Law 1-87, § 30(a), 23 DCR 2544.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-113.
1973 Ed., § 21-113.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter I - Appointment of Guardian; Bond › § 21–114. Bond from parents of child entitled to property

§ 21–114. Bond from parents of child entitled to property.
When an infant whose father or mother is living becomes entitled to property, the Probate Court may require the father or mother, as guardian, to give bond and security to account for the property, and on his or her failure or refusal so to do may appoint another person guardian, who shall give bond as in other cases.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 740, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-114.
1973 Ed., § 21-114.
Cross References
Undertaking in lieu of fiduciary bond, see § 16-601.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter I - Appointment of Guardian; Bond › § 21–115. Bond of guardian of estate

§ 21–115. Bond of guardian of estate.
A guardian appointed by the court, other than a corporation authorized to act as guardian, and a testamentary guardian, unless otherwise directed by the will making the appointment, before entering upon or taking possession of or interfering with the estate of the infant, shall execute a bond in such penalty and with such surety as the court approves, to be recorded and to be liable to be sued upon for the use of a person interested, with the condition that if he, as guardian, faithfully accounts to the court, as required by law, for the management of the property and estate of the infant under his care, and delivers up the property agreeably to the order of the court or the directions of law, and in all respects performs the duty of guardian according to law, then the obligation shall cease; it shall otherwise remain in full force.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 740, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1; July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 567, Pub. L. 91-358, title I, § 150(a) (2).)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-115.
1973 Ed., § 21-115.
Cross References
Undertaking in lieu of fiduciary bond, see § 16-601.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter I - Appointment of Guardian; Bond › § 21–116. One bond for several wards

§ 21–116. One bond for several wards.
When a person is guardian to a number of persons entitled to shares of the same estate the court may accept one bond instead of separate bonds for each ward, and the bond shall be liable to be sued upon for the use of all or any of the wards as fully as separate bonds might be.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 740, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-116.
1973 Ed., § 21-116.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter I - Appointment of Guardian; Bond › § 21–117. Additional bond

§ 21–117. Additional bond.
The court may at any time require a guardian to give bond or additional bond, when the interests of the infant require it, and on his failure or refusal so to do, may revoke his appointment and appoint another guardian in his place, and require the estate of the infant to be forthwith delivered to the newly appointed guardian, and may direct the latter to bring suit upon the bond of his predecessor.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 740, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-117.
1973 Ed., § 21-117.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter I - Appointment of Guardian; Bond › § 21–118. Counter security; petition by surety

§ 21–118. Counter security; petition by surety.
If a surety of a guardian by petition sets forth that he apprehends himself to be in danger of loss in consequence of his suretyship, and prays the court to be relieved, the court, after summoning the guardian to answer the petition, may require him to give counter security to indemnify his original surety or to deliver his ward’s estate into the hands of the surety or of another person. In either case, the court shall require sufficient security for the proper management and application of the estate to be given by the person into whose hands the estate is delivered, and make such other order as seems just.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 740, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-118.
1973 Ed., § 21-118.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter I - Appointment of Guardian; Bond › § 21–119. Allowances made before bond given

§ 21–119. Allowances made before bond given.
An allowance made to a guardian for the clothing, support, maintenance, education or other expenses incurred for the ward or his estate, before the guardian gives bond or is appointed, has the same effect in law as if made subsequently to the appointment of the guardian and his giving bond.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 741, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-119.
1973 Ed., § 21-119.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter I - Appointment of Guardian; Bond › § 21–120. Settlement of actions involving minor children; appointment of guardian of estate

§ 21–120. Settlement of actions involving minor children; appointment of guardian of estate.
(a) A person entitled to maintain or defend an action on behalf of a minor child, including an action relating to real estate, is competent to settle an action so brought and, upon settlement thereof or upon satisfaction of a judgment obtained therein, is competent to give a full acquittance and release of all liability in connection with the action, but such a settlement is not valid unless approved by a judge of the court in which the action is pending.
(b) A person may not receive money or other property on behalf of a minor in settlement of an action brought on behalf of or against the minor or in satisfaction of a judgment in the action, where, after deduction of fees, costs and all other expenses incident to the matter, the net value of the money and property due the minor exceeds $3,000, before he is appointed by a court of competent jurisdiction as guardian of the estate of the minor to receive the money or property, and qualifies as such.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 741, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-120.
1973 Ed., § 21-120.
Section References
This section is referenced in § 21-307.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter II - Property of Infants › § 21–141. Possession of property

§ 21–141. Possession of property.
On the execution of his bond, a guardian is entitled to an order of the court directing the real and personal estate of the ward to be delivered into his possession, and all legacies and distributive shares to which the ward is entitled to be paid or delivered to him when they are properly payable or distributable according to law.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 741, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-141.
1973 Ed., § 21-141.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter II - Property of Infants › § 21–142. Inventory

§ 21–142. Inventory.
Within three months after the execution and approval of his bond, a guardian shall return to the court, under oath, an inventory of the real and personal estate of his ward and of the probable annual income thereof, and the court may direct the estate to be appraised and the annual income thereof to be ascertained by two competent persons, to be appointed by the court, who shall report their appraisement and finding under oath.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 741, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-142.
1973 Ed., § 21-142.
Cross References
Married infant property rights, see § 46-601.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter II - Property of Infants › § 21–143. Duties; accounts; maintenance and education; sales; compensation

§ 21–143. Duties; accounts; maintenance and education; sales; compensation.
A guardian shall manage the estate for the best interests of the ward, and once in each year, or oftener if required, he shall settle an account of his trust under oath. He shall account for all profit and increase of his ward’s estate and the annual value thereof, and shall be allowed credit for taxes, repairs, improvements, expenses, and commissions, and he is not answerable for any loss or decrease sustained without his fault. The court shall determine the amounts to be expended annually in the maintenance and education of the infant, regard being had to his future condition and prospects in life; and if it deems it advantageous to the ward, may allow the guardian to exceed the income of the estate and to make use of the principal and sell it or part thereof, under the court’s order, as provided by this subchapter; but a guardian may not sell any property of his ward without an order of the court previously had therefor. The court shall allow a reasonable compensation for services rendered by the guardian not exceeding a commission of five per centum of the amounts collected, if and when disbursed.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 741, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-143.
1973 Ed., § 21-143.
Cross References
Capacity of minor to contract for life, health, and accident insurance, see § 31-4330.
Care for minor children, failure to provide, see §§ 22-1101 and 22-1102.
Child labor and work permits, see § 32-201 et seq.
Consent to marriage of minor, see § 46-411.
Enforcement of personal property taxes by distraint or levy, see § 47-1601.
Real estate leases involving minors, see § 42-3225 et seq.
Tax sale redemption rights of minors, see § 47-1304.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter II - Property of Infants › § 21–144. Property subject to liens

§ 21–144. Property subject to liens.
When an infant is entitled to real or personal estate in the District of Columbia which is liable to a mortgage, trust, or lien, or is in any way charged with the payment of money, the court may decree in the case as if the infant were of full age.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 742, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-144.
1973 Ed., § 21-144.
Cross References
Mortgages, rights of infants, see §§ 42-808 and 42-809.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter II - Property of Infants › § 21–145. Property subject to executory contract

§ 21–145. Property subject to executory contract.
When an infant is:
(1) entitled to real or personal estate in the District of Columbia bound by executory contract entered into by the person from whom the infant derived title; or
(2) claims a right or interest in property under such a contract—
the court may decree the execution of the contract or enter a just and proper decree, as if the parties were of full age.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 742, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-145.
1973 Ed., § 21-145.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter II - Property of Infants › § 21–146. Contract for sale by adult in behalf of himself and infant

§ 21–146. Contract for sale by adult in behalf of himself and infant.
When a contract is made for the sale of real estate by persons interested therein jointly or in common with an infant, for and in behalf of all the persons so interested, which the court, upon a hearing and examination of the circumstances, considers to be for the interest and advantage both of the infant and of the other persons interested therein to be confirmed, the court may confirm the contract and order a deed to be executed according to it. Sales and deeds made in pursuance of the order are sufficient in law to transfer the estate and interest of the infant in the real estate.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 742, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-146.
1973 Ed., § 21-146.
Section References
This section is referenced in § 16-2901.
Cross References
Partition of lands, tenements, or hereditaments on the complaint of a tenant in common, effect of this section, see § 16-2901.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter II - Property of Infants › § 21–147. Sale of infant’s principal for maintenance or education

§ 21–147. Sale of infant’s principal for maintenance or education.
When it appears, upon the verified petition of a guardian, or in a case of his refusal to act, a next friend of an infant, and the appearance and answer of the infant by guardian to be appointed by the court, and proof by deposition of one or more disinterested witnesses, that a sale of the principal of the infant’s estate, or of a part thereof, whether real or personal, is necessary for his maintenance or education, regard being had to his condition and prospects in life, the Probate Court may decree the sale on terms which to it seem proper.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 742, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-147.
1973 Ed., § 21-147.
Cross References
Nonresident infants, appointment of ancillary guardian, see §§ 21-111, 21-112.
Probate court proceedings, see § 16-3101 et seq.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter II - Property of Infants › § 21–148. Sale or exchange of real estate; proceedings

§ 21–148. Sale or exchange of real estate; proceedings.
When a guardian or, in case of his refusal to act, a next friend, deems that the interests of the ward will be promoted by a sale of his freehold or leasehold estate in lands, for the purpose of reinvesting the proceeds in other property or securities, or by an exchange of the property for other property, he may file a verified petition in the court, setting forth all the estate of the ward, real and personal, and all the facts which, in his opinion, tend to show whether the ward’s interest will be promoted by the sale or exchange.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 742, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-148.
1973 Ed., § 21-148.
Section References
This section is referenced in § 21-149, § 21-150, § 21-151, and § 21-155.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter II - Property of Infants › § 21–149. Parties

§ 21–149. Parties.
The infant, together with those who would succeed to the estate if he were dead, shall be made parties defendant in the proceeding provided by section 21-148 ; and the court shall appoint a fit and disinterested person to be guardian ad litem for the infant, who shall answer the petition under oath. The infant also, if above the age of 14 years, shall answer the petition in proper person, under oath.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 742, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-149.
1973 Ed., § 21-149.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter II - Property of Infants › § 21–150. Proof

§ 21–150. Proof.
Every fact material to determine the propriety of a sale or exchange shall be clearly proved, in a proceeding brought pursuant to section 21-148 , by disinterested witnesses, whose testimony shall be taken in writing in the presence of the guardian ad litem or upon interrogatories agreed upon by him.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 743, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-150.
1973 Ed., § 21-150.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter II - Property of Infants › § 21–151. Decree of sale; costs

§ 21–151. Decree of sale; costs.
When, in a proceeding brought pursuant to section 21-148 , the court is satisfied from the evidence that the interests of the infant require a sale or exchange, as prayed, and the rights of others will not be violated thereby, the sale or exchange may be decreed, and the costs of the suit shall be paid out of the infant’s estate; otherwise they shall be paid by the complainant.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 743, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-151.
1973 Ed., § 21-151.
Section References
This section is referenced in § 21-152 and § 21-153.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter II - Property of Infants › § 21–152. Terms of sale; lien

§ 21–152. Terms of sale; lien.
A sale pursuant to a decree issued pursuant to section 21-151 may be made upon such terms as to cash and credit as the court directs, and a lien shall be retained on the property sold for the purchase money.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 743, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-152.
1973 Ed., § 21-152.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter II - Property of Infants › § 21–153. Exchanges; appointment of trustees

§ 21–153. Exchanges; appointment of trustees.
In decreeing an exchange of an infant’s estate for other property, pursuant to section 21-151 , the court need not require equality or sameness in the quantity or character of the estate or interest, and the court may appoint trustees to execute the deeds necessary to carry the exchange into effect.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 743, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-153.
1973 Ed., § 21-153.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter II - Property of Infants › § 21–154. Ratification of sales by court

§ 21–154. Ratification of sales by court.
A sale of property of an infant is not effectual to pass title to the property sold until it is reported to and ratified by the court.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 743, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-154.
1973 Ed., § 21-154.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter II - Property of Infants › § 21–155. Sale or exchange of particular estate or remainder; application of income

§ 21–155. Sale or exchange of particular estate or remainder; application of income.
Where an infant is entitled to a particular estate, as for life or years, and another person is entitled to an estate in remainder or reversion or by way of executory devise in the same property, or the other person is entitled to the particular estate and the infant is entitled in remainder or reversion or executory devise, the court may decree a sale or exchange as provided by sections 21-148 to 21-153 , having reference solely to the interests of the infant, if the other person so interested consents to the sale or exchange and execute the conveyances necessary to carry it into effect. The court shall direct the annual income from the fund or property acquired by the sale or exchange to be applied according to the interests of the respective parties.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 743, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-155.
1973 Ed., § 21-155.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter II - Property of Infants › § 21–156. Lease of infant’s estate

§ 21–156. Lease of infant’s estate.
Where it appears to the court that it will be to the advantage of the infant that his real estate be demised, the court shall decree that it be demised for a term of years not to exceed the minority of the infant, yielding such rents and on such terms and conditions as the court directs. Where the infant is entitled to only a part of the estate, the decree demising the estate shall be made only if all the owners of the other interest assent.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 743, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-156.
1973 Ed., § 21-156.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter II - Property of Infants › § 21–157. Mortgage of infant’s estate

§ 21–157. Mortgage of infant’s estate.
Where it appears to the court by proof that it would be for the advantage of the infant to raise money by mortgage for his maintenance or to improve his real property or to pay off charges, liens, or incumbrances thereon, the court may, on the application of the guardian or of the infant by next friend, decree a conveyance of the property, by mortgage or deed of trust, to be executed by the guardian, on such terms as to the court seem expedient. This section also applies where the infant holds jointly or in common with other persons of full age or holds a portion of the estate, as a particular estate, for life or years or in remainder or reversion, if the other owners interested, all being of full age, consent to the decree and unite in the mortgage or deed of trust.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 743, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-157.
1973 Ed., § 21-157.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter II - Property of Infants › § 21–158. Final account

§ 21–158. Final account.
On arrival of a ward at the age of 18 years the guardian shall exhibit a final account of his trust to the court and shall, agreeably to the court’s order, deliver up to the ward all the property of the ward in his hands and if he fails to do so, his bond may be sued upon for the use of the party interested, and he may be attached.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 744, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1; July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 567, Pub. L. 91-358, title I, § 150(a) (3); July 22, 1976, D.C. Law 1-75, § 4(c), 23 DCR 1181.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-158.
1973 Ed., § 21-158.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter III - Indigent Boys › § 21–181. Enlistment of indigent minor children

§ 21–181. Enlistment of indigent minor children.
The Probate Court may appoint guardians to indigent minor children for the purpose of securing their enlistment in the naval or marine service of the United States, as provided by law, free of costs on account of the proceeding.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 744, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1; Oct. 1, 1976, D.C. Law 1-87, § 31(a)(2), (3), 23 DCR 2544.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-181.
1973 Ed., § 21-181.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 1 - Guardianship of Infants › Subchapter III - Indigent Boys › § 21–182. Preparation of guardianship papers

§ 21–182. Preparation of guardianship papers.
The Register of Wills shall prepare papers in connection with appointment of guardians to enable indigent minor children to enlist in the United States Navy as provided by law, without making a charge therefor.
(Sept. 14, 1965, 79 Stat. 744, Pub. L. 89-183, § 1; Oct. 1, 1976, D.C. Law 1-87, § 31(a)(4), 23 DCR 2544.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-182.
1973 Ed., § 21-182.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 3 - Transfers to Minors; Uniform Law › § 21–301. Definitions

§ 21–301. Definitions.
For purposes of this chapter the term:
(1) “Adult” means an individual who has attained the age of 18 years.
(2) “Benefit plan” means an employer’s plan for the benefit of an employee or a partner.
(3) “Broker” means a person lawfully engaged in the business of effecting transactions in securities or commodities for the person’s own account or for the account of others.
(4) “Conservator” means a person appointed or qualified by a court to act as general, limited, or temporary guardian of a minor’s property or a person legally authorized to perform substantially the same functions.
(5) “Court” means the Superior Court of the District of Columbia.
(6) “Custodial property” means 1 of the following:
(A) Any interest in property transferred to a custodian under this chapter; and
(B) The income from and the proceeds of that interest in property.
(7) “Custodian” means a person so designated under section 21-309 or a successor or substitute custodian designated under section 21-318.
(8) “District” means the District of Columbia.
(9) “Financial institution” means a bank, trust company, savings institution, or credit union, chartered and supervised under state or federal law.
(10) “Legal representative” means an individual’s personal representative or conservator.
(11) “Member of the minor’s family” means the minor’s parent, step-parent, spouse, grandparent, brother, sister, uncle, or aunt, whether of the whole or half blood or by adoption.
(12) “Minor” means an individual who has not reached the age of 18 years.
(13) “Person” means an individual, a corporation, an organization, or other legal entity.
(14) “Personal representative” means an executor, administrator, successor personal representative, or special administrator of a decedent’s estate or a person legally authorized to perform substantially the same functions.
(15) “State” includes any state of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and a territory or possession subject to the legislative authority of the United States.
(16) “Transfer” means a transaction that creates custodial property under section 21-309.
(17) “Transferor” means a person who makes a transfer under this act.
(18) “Trust company” means a financial institution, a corporation, or other legal entity authorized to exercise general trust powers.
(Mar. 12, 1986, D.C. Law 6-87, § 2(a), 33 DCR 278.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-301.
Section References
This section is referenced in § 21-322.
Cross References
Payment of lottery prize by or on behalf of minor, see § 3-1335.
References in Text
“This act”, referred to in paragraph (17), is the District of Columbia Uniform Transfers to Minors Act, D.C. Law 6-87 which is codified primarily as § 21-301 et seq.
Editor's Notes
Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 1 of the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 3 - Transfers to Minors; Uniform Law › § 21–302. Scope and jurisdiction

§ 21–302. Scope and jurisdiction.
(a) This chapter applies to a transfer that refers to this act in the designation under section 21-309(a) by which the transfer is made if at the time of the transfer, the transferor, the minor, or the custodian is a resident of the District or the custodial property is located in the District. The custodianship so created remains subject to this chapter despite a subsequent change in residence of a transferor, the minor or the custodian, or despite the removal of custodial property from the District.
(b) A person designated as custodian under this chapter is subject to personal jurisdiction in the District with respect to any matter relating to the custodianship.
(c) A transfer that purports to be made and which is valid under the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act, the Uniform Gifts to Minors Act, or a substantially similar act, of another state is governed by the law of the designated state and may be executed and is enforceable in the District if, at the time of the transfer, the transferor, the minor, or the custodian is a resident of the designated state or the custodial property is located in the designated state.
(Mar. 12, 1986, D.C. Law 6-87, § 2(a), 33 DCR 278; Apr. 30, 1988, D.C. Law 7-104, § 6(a), 35 DCR 147; Mar. 24, 1998, D.C. Law 12-81, § 14(a), 45 DCR 745.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-302.
Section References
This section is referenced in § 21-321.
References in Text
“This act,” referred to in the first sentence of subsection (a) of this section, is the District of Columbia Uniform Transfers to Minors Act, D.C. Law 6-87 which is codified primarily as § 21-301 et seq.
Editor's Notes
Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 2 of the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 3 - Transfers to Minors; Uniform Law › § 21–303. Nomination of custodian

§ 21–303. Nomination of custodian.
A person having the right to designate the recipient of property transferable upon the occurrence of a future event may revocably nominate a custodian to receive the property for a minor beneficiary upon the occurrence of the event by naming the custodian followed in substance by the words: “as custodian for ____________ [name of minor] under the District of Columbia Uniform Transfers to Minors Act.” The nomination may name 1 or more persons as substituted custodians to whom the property must be transferred, in the order named, if the first nominated custodian dies before the transfer or is unable, declines, or is ineligible to serve. The nomination may be made in a will, a trust, a deed, an instrument exercising a power of appointment, or in a writing designating a beneficiary of contractual rights which is registered with or delivered to the payor, the issuer, or other obligor of the contractual rights.
(b) A custodian nominated under this section must be a person to whom a transfer of property of that kind may be made under section 21-309(a).
(c) The nomination of a custodian under this section does not create custodial property until the nominating instrument becomes irrevocable or a transfer to the nominated custodian is completed under section 21-309. Unless the nomination of a custodian has been revoked, upon the occurrence of the future event the custodianship becomes effective and the custodian shall enforce a transfer of the custodial property pursuant to section 21-309.
(Mar. 12, 1986, D.C. Law 6-87, § 2(a), 33 DCR 278.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-303.
Section References
This section is referenced in § 21-305, § 21-307, § 21-311, and § 21-318.
Editor's Notes
Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 3 of the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 3 - Transfers to Minors; Uniform Law › § 21–304. Transfer by gift or exercise of power of appointment

§ 21–304. Transfer by gift or exercise of power of appointment.
A person may make a transfer by irrevocable gift to, or the irrevocable exercise of a power of appointment in favor of, a custodian for the benefit of a minor pursuant to section 21-309 .
(Mar. 12, 1986, D.C. Law 6-87, § 2(a), 33 DCR 278.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-304.
Section References
This section is referenced in § 21-309, § 21-315, § 21-318, and § 21-320.
Editor's Notes
Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 4 of the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 3 - Transfers to Minors; Uniform Law › § 21–305. Transfer authorized by will or trust

§ 21–305. Transfer authorized by will or trust.
(a) A personal representative or trustee may make an irrevocable transfer pursuant to section 21-309 to a custodian for the benefit of a minor as authorized in the governing will or trust, subject to the authority of the court under section 20-1106.
(b) If the testator or the settlor has nominated a custodian under section 21-303 to receive the custodial property, the transfer must be made to that person.
(c) If the testator or the settlor has not nominated a custodian under section 21-303 or if all persons so nominated die before the transfer or are unable, decline, or are ineligible to serve, the personal representative or the trustee shall designate a custodian from among those eligible to serve as custodian for property of that kind under section 21-309(a).
(Mar. 12, 1986, D.C. Law 6-87, § 2(a), 33 DCR 278.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-305.
Section References
This section is referenced in § 21-307, § 21-309, and § 21-320.
Editor's Notes
Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 5 of the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 3 - Transfers to Minors; Uniform Law › § 21–306. Other transfers by fiduciary

§ 21–306. Other transfers by fiduciary.
(a) Subject to subsection (c) of this section, a personal representative or trustee may make an irrevocable transfer to another adult or to a trust company, as custodian, for the benefit of a minor pursuant to section 21-309, in the absence of a will or under a will or trust that does not contain an authorization to do so.
(b) Subject to subsection (c) of this section, a conservator may make an irrevocable transfer to another adult or to a trust company, as custodian, for the benefit of the minor pursuant to section 21-309.
(c) A transfer under subsection (a) or (b) of this section may be made only if the following occur:
(1) The personal representative, the trustee, or the conservator considers the transfer to be in the best interests of the minor;
(2) The transfer is not prohibited by or inconsistent with the provisions of the applicable will, trust agreement, or other governing instrument; and
(3) The transfer is authorized by the court if it exceeds $10,000 in value.
(Mar. 12, 1986, D.C. Law 6-87, § 2(a), 33 DCR 278.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-306.
Section References
This section is referenced in § 21-307 and § 21-320.
Editor's Notes
Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 6 of the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 3 - Transfers to Minors; Uniform Law › § 21–307. Transfer by obligor

§ 21–307. Transfer by obligor.
(a) Subject to subsection (b) and (c) of this section, a person not subject to section 21-305 or 21-306 and who holds property of or owes a liquidated debt to a minor not having a conservator may make an irrevocable transfer to a custodian for the benefit of the minor pursuant to section 21-309.
(b) If a person having the right to do so under section 21-303 has nominated a custodian under that section to receive the custodial property, then the transfer must be made to that person.
(c) With the exception of section 21-120, if no custodian has been nominated under section 21-303, or if all persons so nominated as custodian die before the transfer or are unable, decline, or are ineligible to serve, then a transfer under this section may be made to an adult member of the minor’s family or to a trust company unless the property exceeds $10,000 in value.
(Mar. 12, 1986, D.C. Law 6-87, § 2(a), 33 DCR 278; Apr. 30, 1988, D.C. Law 7-104, § 6(b), 35 DCR 147; Feb. 5, 1994, D.C. Law 10-68, § 21, 40 DCR 6311.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-307.
Section References
This section is referenced in § 21-320.
Editor's Notes
Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 7 of the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 3 - Transfers to Minors; Uniform Law › § 21–308. Receipt for custodial property

§ 21–308. Receipt for custodial property.
A written acknowledgement of delivery by a custodian constitutes a sufficient receipt and discharge for custodial property transferred under this act.
(Mar. 12, 1986, D.C. Law 6-87, § 2(a), 33 DCR 278.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-308.
References in Text
“This act”, referred to at the end of the section, is the District of Columbia Uniform Transfers to Minors Act, D.C. Law 6-87 which is codified primarily as § 21-301 et seq.
Editor's Notes
Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 8 of the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 3 - Transfers to Minors; Uniform Law › § 21–310. Single custodianship

§ 21–310. Single custodianship.
A transfer shall be made only for 1 minor, and only 1 person may be the custodian. All custodial property held under this chapter by the same custodian for the benefit of the same minor constitutes a single custodianship.
(Mar. 12, 1986, D.C. Law 6-87, § 2(a), 33 DCR 278.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-310.
Editor's Notes
Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 10 of the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 3 - Transfers to Minors; Uniform Law › § 21–311. Validity and effect of transfer

§ 21–311. Validity and effect of transfer.
(a) The validity of a transfer made in a manner prescribed in this act is not affected by the following:
(1) Failure of the transferor to comply with section 21-309(c) concerning possession and control;
(2) Designation of an ineligible custodian, except designation of the transferor in the case of property, over which the transferor is ineligible to serve as custodian under section 21-309(a); or
(3) Death or incapacity of a person nominated under section 21-303 or designated under section 21-309 as custodian or the disclaimer of the office by that person.
(b) A transfer made pursuant to section 21-309 is irrevocable, and the custodial property is indefeasibly vested in the minor, but the custodian has all the rights, the powers, the duties, and the authority provided in this chapter, and neither the minor nor the minor’s legal representative has a right, power, duty, or authority with respect to the custodial property except as provided in this chapter.
(c) By making a transfer, the transferor incorporates in the disposition the provisions of this chapter and grants to the custodian, and to a third person dealing with a person designated custodian, the respective powers, rights, and immunities provided in this chapter.
(Mar. 12, 1986, D.C. Law 6-87, § 2(a), 33 DCR 278.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-311.
References in Text
“This act,” referred to in the introductory language of subsection (a) of this section, is the District of Columbia Uniform Transfers to Minors Act, D.C. Law 6-87 which is codified primarily as § 21-301 et seq.
Editor's Notes
Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 11 of the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 3 - Transfers to Minors; Uniform Law › § 21–312. Care of custodial property

§ 21–312. Care of custodial property.
(a) A custodian shall perform the following:
(1) Take control of custodial property;
(2) Register or record title to custodial property if appropriate; and
(3) Collect, hold, manage, invest, and reinvest custodial property.
(b) In dealing with custodial property, a custodian shall observe the standard of care that would be observed by a prudent person dealing with property of another and is not limited by any other statute restricting investments by fiduciaries. If a custodian has a special skill or expertise or is named custodian on the basis of representations of special skill or expertise, the custodian shall use that skill or expertise. However, a custodian, in the custodian’s discretion and without liability to the minor or the minor’s estate, may retain custodial property received from a transferor.
(c) A custodian may invest in or pay premiums on life insurance or endowment policies on the following:
(1) The life of the minor only if the minor or the minor’s estate is the sole beneficiary; or
(2) The life of another person in whom the minor has an insurable interest only to the extent that the minor, the minor’s estate, or the custodian in the capacity of custodian is the irrevocable beneficiary.
A custodian at all times shall keep custodial property separate and distinct from all other property in a manner sufficient to identify it clearly as custodial property of the minor. Custodial property consisting of an undivided interest is properly identified if the minor’s interest is held as a tenant in common and is fixed. Custodial property subject to recordation is properly identified if it is recorded, and custodial property subject to registration is properly identified if it is either registered, or held in an account designated, in the name of the custodian, followed in substance by the words: “as a custodian for ____________ [name of minor] under the District of Columbia Uniform Transfers to Minors Act”.
(e) A custodian shall keep records of all transactions with respect to custodial property, including information necessary for the preparation of the minor’s tax returns, and shall make them available for inspection at reasonable intervals by a parent or legal representative of the minor or by the minor, if the minor has reached the age of 14 years.
(Mar. 12, 1986, D.C. Law 6-87, § 2(a), 33 DCR 278.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-312.
Section References
This section is referenced in § 21-313.
Editor's Notes
Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 12 of the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act.
2023 District of Columbia Code › Title 21 - Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title] › Chapter 3 - Transfers to Minors; Uniform Law › § 21–313. Powers of custodian

§ 21–313. Powers of custodian.
(a) A custodian, acting in a custodial capacity, has all the rights, powers, and authority over custodial property that unmarried adult owners have over their own property, but a custodian may exercise those rights, powers, and authority in that capacity only.
(b) This section does not relieve a custodian from liability for breach of section 21-312.
(Mar. 12, 1986, D.C. Law 6-87, § 2(a), 33 DCR 278.)
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 21-313.
Editor's Notes
Uniform Law: This section is based upon § 13 of the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act.