2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 3. Elections › Article 4A. Electronic Voting Systems › §3-4A-9. Minimum Requirements of Electronic Voting Systems

An electronic voting system of particular make and design may not be approved by the State Election Commission or be purchased, leased or used by any county commission unless it meets the following requirements:
(1) It secures or ensures the voter absolute secrecy in the act of voting or, at the voters election, provides for open voting;
(2) It is constructed to ensure that, except in instances of open voting as provided in this section, the contents of a marked ballot may not be seen or known by anyone other than the voter who has voted or is voting;
(3) It permits each voter to vote at any election for all persons and offices for whom and which he or she is lawfully entitled to vote, whether or not the name of any person appears on a ballot as a candidate; and it permits each voter to vote for as many persons for an office as he or she is lawfully entitled to vote for; and to vote for or against any question upon which he or she is lawfully entitled to vote. The automatic tabulating equipment used in electronic voting systems is to reject choices recorded on any ballot if the number of choices exceeds the number to which a voter is entitled;
(4) It permits each voter to write in the names of persons for whom he or she desires to vote whose names do not appear upon the ballots;
(5) It permits each voter to change his or her vote for any candidate and upon any question appearing upon the ballots or ballot labels up to the time when his or her ballot is deposited in the ballot box or his or her ballot is cast by electronic means;
(6) It contains programming media containing sequentially numbered program instructions and coded or otherwise protected from tampering or substitution of the media or program instructions by unauthorized persons and capable of tabulating all votes cast in each election;
(7) It contains two standard validation test decks approved as to form and testing capabilities by the State Election Commission;
(8) It correctly records and counts accurately all votes cast for each candidate and for and against each question appearing upon the ballots;
(9) It permits a voter in a primary election to: (A) Vote only for the candidates of the party for which the voter is legally permitted to vote; (B) vote for the candidates, if any, for nonpartisan nominations or election; and (C) vote on public questions; and precludes the voter from voting for any candidate seeking nomination by any other political party unless that political party has determined that the voter may participate in its primary election;
(10) It, where applicable, is provided with means for sealing or electronically securing the vote-recording device to prevent its use and to prevent tampering with the device, both before the polls are open or before the operation of the vote-recording device for an election is begun and immediately after the polls are closed or after the operation of the vote-recording device for an election is completed;
(11) It has the capacity to contain the names of candidates constituting the tickets of at least nine political parties and accommodates the wording of at least 15 questions;
(12) (A) Direct-recording electronic voting machines must generate a paper copy of each voters vote that will be automatically kept within a storage container that is locked, closely attached to the direct-recording electronic voting machine and inaccessible to all but authorized voting officials, who will handle such storage containers and such paper copies contained therein in accordance with section nineteen of this article;
(B) The paper copy of the voters vote shall be generated at the time the voter is at the voting station using the direct-recording electronic voting machine;
(C) The voter may examine the paper copy visually or through headphone readout, and may accept or reject the printed copy;
(D) The voter may not touch, handle or manipulate the printed copy manually in any way;
(E) Once the printed copy of the voters votes is accepted by the voter as correctly reflecting the voters intent, but not before, it will automatically be stored for recounts or random checks and the electronic vote will be cast within the computer mechanism of the direct-recording electronic voting machine;
(F) Direct-recording electronic voting machines with a mandatory paper copy shall be approved by the Secretary of State. The Secretary of State may promulgate rules and emergency rules to implement or enforce this subsection pursuant to the provisions of section five, article three, chapter twenty-nine-a of this code;
(13) Where vote-recording devices are used, they shall:
(A) Be durably constructed of material of good quality and in a workmanlike manner and in a form which makes it safely transportable;
(B) Bear a number that will identify it or distinguish it from any other machine;
(C) Be constructed to ensure that a voter may easily learn the method of operating it and may expeditiously cast his or her vote for all candidates of his or her choice and upon any public question; and
(D) Be accompanied by a mechanically or electronically operated instruction model which shows the arrangement of the ballot, party columns or rows and questions;
(14) For electronic voting systems that utilize a screen upon which votes may be recorded by means of a stylus or by means of touch, they shall:
(A) Be constructed to provide for the direct electronic recording and tabulating of votes cast in a system specifically designed and engineered for the election application;
(B) Be constructed to prevent any voter from voting for more than the allowable number of candidates for any office, to include an audible or visual signal, or both, warning any voter who attempts to vote for more than the allowable number of candidates for any office or who attempts to cast his or her ballot prior to its completion and are constructed to include a visual or audible confirmation, or both, to the voter upon completion and casting of the ballot;
(C) Be constructed to present the entire ballot to the voter, in a series of sequential pages, and to ensure that the voter sees all of the ballot options on all pages before completing his or her vote and to allow the voter to review and change all ballot choices prior to completing and casting his or her ballot;
(D) Be constructed to allow election commissioners to spoil a ballot where a voter fails to properly cast his or her ballot, has departed the polling place and cannot be recalled by a poll clerk to complete his or her ballot;
(E) Be constructed to allow election commissioners, poll clerks or both to designate, mark or otherwise record provisional ballots;
(F) Consist of devices which are independent, nonnetworked voting systems in which each vote is recorded and retained within each devices internal nonvolatile electronic memory and contain an internal security, the absence of which prevents substitution of any other device;
(G) Store each vote in no fewer than three separate, independent, nonvolatile electronic memory components and that each device contains comprehensive diagnostics to ensure that failures do not go undetected;
(H) Contain a unique, embedded internal serial number for auditing purposes for each device used to activate, retain and record votes;
(I) Be constructed to record all pre-election, election and post-election activities, including all ballot images and system anomalies, in each devices internal electronic memory and are to be accessible in electronic or printed form;
(J) Be constructed with a battery backup system in each device to, at a minimum, prevent the loss of any votes, as well as all pre-election, election and post-election activities, including all ballot images and system anomalies, stored in the devices internal electronic memory and to allow voting to continue for two hours of uninterrupted operation in case of an electrical power failure; and
(K) Be constructed to prevent the loss of any votes, as well as all pre-election, election and post-election activities, including all ballot images and system anomalies, stored in each devices internal electronic memory even in case of an electrical and battery power failure.
(15) For purposes of this section, all voting systems utilized in any election shall be independent, nonnetworked voting systems, and any component thereof, in whole or in part, shall not at any time connect to the internet.