reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 6 - Titling and Registration of Motor Vehicles › § 46.2-749.29. Special license plates; supporters of Operation Wildflower; fees

A. On receipt of an application and payment of the fee prescribed by this section, the Commissioner shall issue special license plates to supporters of Operation Wildflower.
B. The annual fee for plates issued pursuant to this section shall be twenty-five dollars in addition to the prescribed fee for state license plates. For each such twenty-five-dollar fee collected in excess of 1,000 registrations pursuant to this section, fifteen dollars shall be paid into the state treasury and credited to a special nonreverting fund known as the Operation Wildflower Fund, established within the Department of Accounts. These funds shall be paid annually to the Virginia Department of Transportation and used to support its Operation Wildflower program.
1999, c. 883.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 6 - Titling and Registration of Motor Vehicles › § 46.2-749.45. Special license plates; supporters of the Virginia Breast Cancer Foundation

A. On receipt of an application and payment of the fee prescribed by this section, the Commissioner shall issue to the applicant special license plates bearing the legend: Virginia Breast Cancer Foundation.
B. The annual fee for plates issued pursuant to this section shall be twenty-five dollars in addition to the prescribed fee for state license plates. For each such twenty-five-dollar fee collected in excess of 1,000 registrations pursuant to this section, fifteen dollars shall be paid into the state treasury and credited to a special nonreverting fund known as the Virginia Breast Cancer Foundation Fund, established within the Department of Accounts. These funds shall be paid annually to the Virginia Breast Cancer Foundation and used to support statewide breast cancer educational programs.
2000, c. 319.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 6 - Titling and Registration of Motor Vehicles › § 46.2-749.46. Special license plates; naval aviators

On receipt of an application and written evidence that the applicant is or has been a naval aviator, the Commissioner shall issue to the applicant special license plates.
Unremarried surviving spouses of persons eligible to receive special license plates under this section may also be issued special license plates under this section.
2000, c. 766; 2023, c. 539.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 6 - Titling and Registration of Motor Vehicles › § 46.2-749.48. Special license plates for supporters of Family and Children's Trust Fund; fees

On receipt of an application and payment of the fee prescribed by this section, the Commissioner shall issue special license plates for supporters of the Family and Children's Trust Fund.
The annual fee for plates issued pursuant to this section shall be twenty-five dollars plus the prescribed fee for state license plates. For each such twenty-five-dollar fee collected in excess of 1,000 registrations pursuant to this section, fifteen dollars shall be paid into the state treasury and credited to the Family and Children's Trust Fund.
2000, c. 766.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 6 - Titling and Registration of Motor Vehicles › § 46.2-749.54. Special license plates; BoatU.S

On receipt of an application therefor, the Commissioner shall issue to members of BoatU.S. special license plates bearing the legend: BoatU.S. Member.
2002, c. 864.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 6 - Titling and Registration of Motor Vehicles › § 46.2-749.62. Special license plates whose design incorporates the flag of the United States

A. On receipt of an application therefor, the Commissioner shall issue special license plates whose design incorporates the flag of the United States and the legend: FIGHT TERRORISM.
B. On receipt of an application therefor from a member of the Senate or House of Delegates, the Commissioner shall issue to the applicant special license plates combining the designs of special license plates issued under subsection A of this section and special license plates issued to members of the Senate or House of Delegates, as the case may be, under § 46.2-736.1.
2002, c. 864; 2004, c. 984.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 6 - Titling and Registration of Motor Vehicles › § 46.2-749.66. Special license plates; victims of attack on USS Cole

On receipt of an application therefor, the Commissioner shall issue to the applicant special license plates honoring the persons injured or killed in the attack on the USS Cole (DDG 67) during its refueling in Aden, Yemen, on October 12, 2000.
2002, c. 864.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 6 - Titling and Registration of Motor Vehicles › § 46.2-749.73. Special license plates; supporters of the Washington Redskins football team; fees

A. On receipt of an application and payment of the fee prescribed by this section, the Commissioner shall issue special license plates to supporters of the Washington Redskins football team.
B. The annual fee for plates issued pursuant to this section shall be twenty-five dollars in addition to the prescribed fee for state license plates. For each such twenty-five-dollar fee collected in excess of 1,000 registrations pursuant to this section, fifteen dollars shall be paid into the state treasury and credited to a special nonreverting fund known as the Washington Redskins Leadership Council Fund established within the Department of Accounts. These funds shall be paid annually to the Washington Redskins Leadership Council for its use in community programs in Virginia.
2002, c. 864.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 6 - Titling and Registration of Motor Vehicles › § 46.2-749.78. Special license plates; United We Stand

On receipt of an application and payment of the fee prescribed by this section, the Commissioner shall issue special license plates whose design incorporates the flag of the United States of America and the legend: United We Stand.
2002, c. 893; 2006, c. 852.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 6 - Titling and Registration of Motor Vehicles › § 46.2-749.89. Special license plates bearing the legend FRIENDS OF TIBET; fees

A. On receipt of an application and payment of the fee prescribed by this section, the Commissioner shall issue special license plates bearing the legend FRIENDS OF TIBET.
B. The annual fee for plates issued pursuant to this section shall be $25 in addition to the prescribed fee for state license plates. For each such $25 fee collected in excess of 1,000 registrations pursuant to this section, $15 shall be paid into the state treasury and credited to a special nonreverting fund known as the Conservancy for Tibetan Art and Culture Fund, established within the Department of Accounts. These funds shall be paid annually to the Conservancy for Tibetan Art and Culture and used to assist in its programs and activities in Virginia.
2003, c. 921.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 6 - Titling and Registration of Motor Vehicles › § 46.2-749.102. Special license plates; supporters of Virginia agriculture; fees

A. On receipt of an application and payment of the fee prescribed by this section, the Commissioner shall issue special license plates to supporters of Virginia agriculture.
B. The annual fee for plates issued pursuant to this section shall be $25 in addition to the prescribed fee for state license plates. For each such $25 fee collected in excess of 1,000 registrations pursuant to this section, $15 shall be paid into the state treasury and credited to a special nonreverting fund known as the Virginia Agricultural Vitality Program Fund, established within the Department of Accounts. These funds shall be paid annually to the Office of Farm Land Preservation and used to support the Virginia Agricultural Vitality Program.
2004, c. 653.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 6 - Titling and Registration of Motor Vehicles › § 46.2-749.110. Special license plates; supporters of the Virginia Sheriffs' Institute; fees

A. On receipt of an application and payment of the fee prescribed by this section, the Commissioner shall issue special license plates to supporters of the Virginia Sheriffs' Institute.
B. The annual fee for plates issued pursuant to this section shall be $25 in addition to the prescribed fee for state license plates. For each such $25 fee collected in excess of 1,000 registrations pursuant to this section, $15 shall be paid into the state treasury and credited to a special nonreverting fund known as the Virginia Sheriffs' Institute Fund, established within the Department of Accounts. These funds shall be paid annually to the Virginia Sheriffs' Institute and used exclusively to memorialize and honor Virginia law-enforcement officers killed in the line of duty.
2004, c. 700.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 6 - Titling and Registration of Motor Vehicles › § 46.2-749.115. Special license plates; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation; fees

A. On receipt of an application and payment of the fee prescribed by this section, the Commissioner shall issue to the applicant special license plates for supporters of the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation.
B. The annual fee for plates issued pursuant to this section shall be $25 in addition to the prescribed fee for state license plates. For each such $25 fee collected in excess of 1,000 registrations pursuant to this section, $15 shall be paid into the state treasury and credited to a special nonreverting fund known as the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Fund, established within the Department of Accounts. These funds shall be paid annually to the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation and used to support its programs and activities in Virginia.
2004, c. 984.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 6 - Titling and Registration of Motor Vehicles › § 46.2-749.119. Special license plates; members and supporters of Resolution Virginia; fees

A. On receipt of an application and payment of the fee prescribed by this section, the Commissioner shall issue to the applicant special license plates for members and supporters of Resolution Virginia.
B. The annual fee for plates issued pursuant to this section shall be $25 in addition to the prescribed fee for state license plates. For each such $25 fee collected in excess of 1,000 registrations pursuant to this section, $15 shall be paid into the state treasury and credited to a special nonreverting fund known as the Resolution Virginia Fund, established within the Department of Accounts. These funds shall be paid annually to Resolution Virginia and used to support its programs and activities in Virginia.
2005, c. 248; 2019, c. 402.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 6 - Titling and Registration of Motor Vehicles › § 46.2-749.130. Special license plates for supporters of the Surfrider Foundation; fees

A. On receipt of an application therefor and payment of the fee prescribed by this section, and following the provisions of § 46.2-725, other than those relating to the fee for the plates and its disposition, the Commissioner shall issue to the applicant special license plates for supporters of the Surfrider Foundation.
B. The annual fee for plates issued pursuant to this section shall be $25 in addition to the prescribed fee for state license plates. For each such $25 fee collected in excess of 1,000 registrations pursuant to this section, $15 shall be paid into the state treasury and credited to a special nonreverting fund known as the Surfrider Foundation Fund, established within the Department of Accounts. These funds shall be paid annually to the Surfrider Foundation and used by its Virginia Beach chapter to support the protection and enjoyment of oceans, waves, and beaches in Virginia. All other fees imposed under the provisions of this section shall be paid to, and received by, the Commissioner and paid by him into the state treasury and set aside as a special fund to be used to meet the necessary expenses incurred by the Department of Motor Vehicles.
2005, c. 273; 2014, c. 556.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 6 - Titling and Registration of Motor Vehicles › § 46.2-750.1. Vehicles used for police work

Motor vehicles, trailers, and semitrailers owned by the Commonwealth and the counties, cities, and towns thereof and used solely for police work may be issued the same license plates as those issued in registration of vehicles owned by private citizens. The head of a state agency, the chief of police of a city, county, or town having a police department, or the sheriff of a city or county, shall certify under oath and the law-enforcement agencies of the federal government shall certify to the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles the vehicles to be used solely for police work.
1989, cc. 48, 110, §§ 46.1-49, 46.1-49.1.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 6 - Titling and Registration of Motor Vehicles › § 46.2-751. State-owned passenger vehicles

Except as provided in subsection B of § 46.2-750, the Commissioner shall not issue any license plates for use on vehicles owned by the Commonwealth or any of its departments, institutions, boards, or agencies and used for passenger transportation unless written application has been filed with the Governor showing the necessity for the use and unless the Governor has directed the Commissioner to issue the license plates.
Code 1950, § 46-55; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-57; 1972, c. 723; 1989, c. 727; 1994, 1st Sp. Sess., c. 6.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 6 - Titling and Registration of Motor Vehicles › § 46.2-753. Additional license fees in certain localities

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the governing bodies of Alexandria, Arlington, Fairfax County, Fairfax City, and Falls Church are authorized to charge annual license fees, in addition to those specified in § 46.2-752, on passenger cars, including passenger cars that are used as TNC partner vehicles as defined in § 46.2-2000, but not on passenger cars that are otherwise used for the transportation of passengers for compensation. The additional fee shall be no more than $5. The total local license fee shall be no more than $25 on any vehicle, and this license fee shall not be imposed on any motor vehicle exempted under § 46.2-739.
The governing bodies are also authorized to charge additional annual license fees on the motor vehicles, trailers, and semitrailers as specified in § 46.2-697 in an amount of no more than $5 for each such vehicle. This authorization shall not increase the maximum chargeable by more than $5 or affect any existing exemption.
Any funds acquired in excess of those allowed by § 46.2-752, shall be allocated to the Northern Virginia Transportation Commission to be a credit to that locality making the payment for its share of any operating deficit assigned to it by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority.
1974, c. 487; 1977, c. 258, § 46.1-65.1; 1989, c. 727; 2015, cc. 2, 3.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 6 - Titling and Registration of Motor Vehicles › § 46.2-754. Local motor vehicle licenses in Arlington County

Arlington County may by ordinance require the owner of any motor vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer to obtain and display a license from the county licensing authority designated by the ordinance. The ordinance may also require that the license be obtained only after showing satisfactory evidence that all personal property taxes on the motor vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer have been paid, and that any delinquent personal property taxes assessed or assessable against the vehicle have been paid. The ordinance may also prohibit the display of the license after its expiration date and may prescribe the form of the license. This license requirement shall be imposed in such manner, on such basis, for such period, and subject to proration for fractional periods of years as the governing body requires.
The situs for the imposition of the license requirement under the ordinance shall be the locality in which the vehicle is normally garaged, stored, or parked. If it cannot be determined where it is normally garaged, stored, or parked, the situs shall be the domicile of its owner.
The ordinance may provide that no motor vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer may be licensed by the county unless all fines owed by the owner of the vehicle for violation of the county's parking ordinances have been paid.
The ordinance may provide that a violation of such ordinance constitutes a misdemeanor the penalty for which shall not exceed that of a Class 4 misdemeanor.
1988, c. 451, § 46.1-65.2; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 6 - Titling and Registration of Motor Vehicles › § 46.2-756. Collection by Department of certain license fees

The Department shall develop and implement standardized procedures and fees whereby, upon the written request of the governing body of any county, city, or town, the Department may collect motor vehicle, trailer, and semitrailer license fees, or portions thereof, provided the portions are for the identical period as the state license plate, levied by such county, city, or town. The Department shall make such charge as may be proper to defray the cost of handling such fees, and such monies as may be received shall be used by the Commissioner to defray the expenses of the Department incurred hereunder. All receipts from the local fees collected shall be deposited in a fiduciary account, and any interest that may accrue shall be credited to such account for the benefit of the participating counties, cities, and towns. However, before a registration or certificate of title is issued under the requirements of § 46.2-600 the owner of the motor vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer shall advise the Department of the situs, as provided in subsection A of § 46.2-752, of the motor vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer. The Department of Motor Vehicles shall not collect the motor vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer license fee of a county, city, or town on motor vehicles or vehicles falling within the provisions of § 46.2-755.
Code 1950, § 46-104.2; 1952, c. 395; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-111; 1975, c. 533; 1977, c. 388; 1982, c. 160; 1984, c. 47; 1989, c. 727; 2003, c. 293; 2006, c. 418.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 7 - Highway Use Fee and Mileage-Based User Fee Program › § 46.2-770. (For contingent expiration, see Acts 2020, cc. 1230 and 1275) Definitions

As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:
"Alternative fuel vehicle" means a vehicle equipped to be powered by a combustible gas, liquid, or other source of energy that can be used to generate power to operate a highway vehicle and that is neither a motor fuel nor electricity used to recharge an electric motor vehicle or a hybrid electric motor vehicle.
"Electric motor vehicle" means a vehicle that uses electricity as its only source of motive power.
"Fuel-efficient vehicle" means a vehicle that has a combined fuel economy of 25 miles per gallon or greater.
2020, cc. 1230, 1275.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 7 - Highway Use Fee and Mileage-Based User Fee Program › § 46.2-771. (For contingent expiration, see Acts 2020, cc. 1230 and 1275) Purpose

The purpose of this chapter is to ensure more equitable contributions to the Commonwealth Transportation Fund from alternative fuel vehicles, electric motor vehicles, and fuel-efficient vehicles using highways in the Commonwealth.
2020, cc. 1230, 1275.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 7 - Highway Use Fee and Mileage-Based User Fee Program › § 46.2-773. (For contingent expiration, see Acts 2020, cc. 1230 and 1275) Mileage-based user fee program

A. There is hereby established a mileage-based user fee program. The program shall be a voluntary program that allows owners of vehicles subject to the highway use fee pursuant to § 46.2-772 to pay a mileage-based fee in lieu of the highway use fee. No owner of a motor vehicle registered in the Commonwealth shall be required to participate in the program established pursuant to this section.
B. In any year that an owner pays the fee set forth in this section, such owner shall not be subject to the fee set forth in § 46.2-772 for the same vehicle. In no case shall the fees paid pursuant to this section during a 12-month period exceed the annual highway use fee that would have otherwise been paid.
C. The fee schedule for the mileage-based user fee program shall be calculated by dividing the amount of the highway use fee as determined pursuant to subsection B of § 46.2-772 by the average number of miles traveled by a passenger vehicle in the Commonwealth to determine a fee per mile driven.
D. The Department shall establish procedures for the collection of the fees set forth in this section. Such procedures may limit the total number of participants during the first four years of the program.
E. The Department shall offer program participants the option to participate without location tracking.
F. Information collected by the Department and any other entity pursuant to this chapter shall be limited exclusively to that information necessary for the administration of the mileage-based user fee and shall be used solely for such purpose. Information collected shall not (i) be open to the public or subject to disclosure pursuant to the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (§ 2.2-3700 et seq.); (ii) be sold for sales, solicitation, or marketing purposes; or (iii) be disclosed to any other entity except as may be necessary for the collection of unpaid mileage-based user fees or to the owner of a vehicle as part of the owner's challenge to the imposition of a mileage-based user fee.
2020, cc. 1230, 1275; 2022, cc. 236, 446.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 7 - Highway Use Fee and Mileage-Based User Fee Program › § 46.2-774. (For contingent expiration, see Acts 2020, cc. 1230 and 1275) Distribution of revenues

All revenues collected pursuant to this chapter shall be used first to pay for the direct cost of administration of this chapter by the Department, and then shall be deposited into the Commonwealth Transportation Fund established pursuant to § 33.2-1524.
2020, cc. 1230, 1275.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-800. Riding bicycles, electric personal assistive mobility devices, electric power-assisted bicycles, mopeds, or motorized skateboards or scooters; riding or driving animals

Every person riding a bicycle, electric personal assistive mobility device, electric power-assisted bicycle, moped, motorized skateboard or scooter, or animal or driving an animal on a highway shall be subject to the provisions of this chapter and shall have all of the rights and duties applicable to the driver of a vehicle, unless the context of the provision clearly indicates otherwise.
The provisions of subsections A and C of § 46.2-920 applicable to operation of emergency vehicles under emergency conditions shall also apply, mutatis mutandis, to bicycles, electric personal assistive mobility devices, electric power-assisted bicycles, mopeds, and motorized skateboards or scooters operated under similar emergency conditions by law-enforcement officers.
Code 1950, § 46-183; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-171; 1980, c. 456; 1981, c. 585; 1989, c. 727; 1994, c. 176; 2001, c. 834; 2002, c. 254; 2019, c. 780.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-800.1. Riding animals on highways after sunset

A. No person riding upon any animal on a highway between sunset and sunrise shall ride the animal on the roadway unless the rider:
1. Wears a hat made of or coated with reflectorized material; or
2. Wears upper body clothing made of or coated with reflectorized material visible from 360°; or
3. Displays at least 100 square inches of solid reflectorized material at shoulder level visible from 360°; or
4. Carries a light visible in clear weather from a distance of 500 feet.
B. The requirements of subsection A of this section shall only apply to the riders of the first and last animals in a group riding one behind the other.
C. A violation of this section shall not be construed as negligence per se in any civil action.
1989, c. 295, § 46.1-171.01.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-800.2. Operation of off-road recreational vehicles in localities embraced by the Southwest Regional Recreation Authority

A. The governing body of any county, city, or town embraced by the Southwest Regional Recreation Authority may by ordinance authorize the operation of any off-road recreational vehicles (i) on highways within its boundaries that have a maximum speed limit of no more than 35 miles per hour and (ii) for a distance of no more than five miles on any highway within its boundaries that has a maximum speed limit of more than 35 miles per hour. Any such ordinance shall define "off-road recreational vehicle." Any such operation shall be subject to the following conditions, and such additional restrictions and limitations as the county, city, or town by ordinance may impose:
1. Signs whose design, number, and location are approved by the Virginia Department of Transportation shall have been posted by the county, city, town, or Southwest Regional Recreation Authority warning motorists that off-road recreational vehicles may be operating on the highway;
2. Such off-road recreational vehicles shall be operated only during daylight hours;
3. Off-road recreational vehicle operators shall, when operating on the highway, obey all rules of the road applicable to other motor vehicles;
4. Riders of such off-road recreational vehicles shall wear helmets of a type approved by the Superintendent of State Police; and
5. Operators shall be licensed drivers or accompanied by a licensed driver who is either occupying the same vehicle or occupying another vehicle within a prudent distance; however, no person shall operate any off-road recreational vehicle as provided in this section if his driver's license, whether issued in the Commonwealth or in another jurisdiction, has been suspended or revoked.
B. The governing body of any county, city, or town that enacts any ordinance under subsection A shall notify in writing the Virginia State Police and all law-enforcement agencies within the county, city, or town of its action, together with a copy of such ordinance.
C. Operation of any off-road recreational vehicle as provided in the foregoing provisions of this section shall be subject to the issuance of a permit by the Southwest Regional Recreation Authority pursuant to § 15.2-6020. Any such permit shall be valid for such period of time and subject to the payment of such fee as the Authority shall provide.
2010, cc. 332, 463; 2018, c. 364.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-800.3. Driving in flooded areas prohibited

The governing body of any locality may by ordinance prohibit any person from operating a motor vehicle or watercraft on a flooded highway, street, alley, or parking lot, regardless of whether such highway, street, alley, or parking lot is publicly or privately owned in such a manner as to increase the level of floodwaters to a level that causes or could reasonably be expected to cause damage to any real or personal property.
Such ordinance shall not apply to any law-enforcement officer, firefighter, or emergency medical services personnel engaged in the performance of his duties nor to the operator of any vehicle owned or controlled by the Department of Transportation or a public utility company as defined in § 56-265.1. Any locality adopting such an ordinance shall provide for adequate notice, including signs that, at a minimum, warn operators of motor vehicles and watercraft of the prohibition and penalties.
A violation of such ordinance shall constitute a Class 4 misdemeanor.
2016, c. 249.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-801. Chapter applicable to drivers of all vehicles regardless of ownership

The provisions of this chapter applicable to the drivers of vehicles on the highways shall apply to the drivers of all vehicles regardless of their ownership, subject to such exceptions as are set forth in this chapter.
Code 1950, § 46-181; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-168; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-802. Drive on right side of highways; penalty

Except as otherwise provided by law, on all highways of sufficient width, the driver of a vehicle shall drive on the right half of the highway, unless it is impracticable to travel on such side of the highway and except when overtaking and passing another vehicle, subject to the provisions applicable to overtaking and passing set forth in Article 4 (§ 46.2-837 et seq.) of this chapter. A violation of this section is punishable by a fine of $100.
Code 1950, § 46-220; 1952, c. 671; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-203; 1989, c. 727; 2017, c. 795.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-803. Keep to the right in crossing intersections or railroads

Except as otherwise provided by law, when crossing an intersection of highways or the intersection of a highway by a railroad right-of-way, the driver of a vehicle shall drive on the right half of the roadway unless it is obstructed or impassable. When crossing an intersection of highways, however, the driver of a vehicle may overtake or pass another vehicle in the intersection if such intersection is designated and marked as a passing zone.
Code 1950, § 46-221; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-205; 1972, c. 369; 1978, c. 27; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-803.1. Commercial motor vehicles limited to use of certain lanes of certain interstate highways

Except where the posted speed limit is less than 65 miles per hour, no person shall drive any commercial motor vehicle, as defined in § 46.2-341.4, on the left-most lane of any interstate highway having more than two lanes in each direction.
Furthermore, within the Eighth Planning District and on Interstate Route 81, no person shall drive any commercial motor vehicle, as defined in § 46.2-341.4, on the left-most lane of any interstate highway having more than two lanes in each direction, regardless of the posted speed limit. Every commercial motor vehicle shall keep to the right-most lane when operating at a speed of 15 miles per hour or more below the posted speed limit on an interstate highway with no more than two lanes in each direction.
The provisions of this section shall not apply to (i) buses or school buses or (ii) other commercial vehicles when (a) preparing to exit a highway via a left exit or (b) being used to perform maintenance or construction work on an interstate highway.
1997, c. 733; 1998, c. 555; 2000, cc. 60, 306, 407; 2004, c. 809.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-805. Lane-use control signals

A. When lane-use control signals are placed over the individual lanes of a highway, vehicular traffic may travel in any lane over which a green signal is shown, but shall not enter or travel in any lane over which a red signal is shown and shall vacate as soon as possible any lane over which an amber signal is shown.
B. Vehicular traffic shall not enter or travel in a lane over which a one-way or two-way left turn white arrow lane-use control signal is shown, except to make the turning movement indicated by the signal. Such turning traffic shall yield the right-of-way to pedestrians lawfully within a crosswalk and to other traffic using the intersection.
1974, c. 347, § 46.1-206.1; 1989, c. 727; 2013, cc. 128, 400.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-806. One-way roadways and highways

The Commissioner of Highways may designate any highway or any separate roadway under his jurisdiction for one-way traffic and shall erect appropriate signs. Traffic thereon shall move only in the direction designated.
Code 1950, § 46-220.1; 1952, c. 671; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-204; 1989, c. 727; 2013, cc. 585, 646.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-807. Path of travel at circular intersections

A vehicle passing through a circular intersection shall be driven only to the right of the central island, unless otherwise directed by traffic control devices.
Code 1950, § 46-220.1; 1952, c. 671; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-204; 1989, c. 727; 2013, cc. 128, 400.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-808. Commonwealth Transportation Board may prohibit certain uses of controlled access highways; penalty

A. The Commonwealth Transportation Board may, when necessary to promote safety, prohibit the use of controlled access highways or any part thereof by any or all of the following:
1. Pedestrians,
2. Persons riding bicycles, electric power-assisted bicycles, electric personal assistive mobility devices, or mopeds,
3. Animal-drawn vehicles,
4. Self-propelled machinery or equipment, and
5. Animals led, ridden or driven on the hoof.
B. The termini of any section of controlled access highways, use of which is restricted under the provisions of this section, shall be clearly indicated by a conspicuous marker.
C. This section shall not apply to any vehicle or equipment owned or controlled by the Virginia Department of Transportation, while actually engaged in the construction, reconstruction, or maintenance of highways or to any vehicle or equipment for which a permit has been obtained for operation on such highway.
Any person violating a restriction or prohibition imposed pursuant to this section shall be guilty of a traffic infraction.
1964, c. 239, § 46.1-171.1; 1966, c. 365; 1981, c. 585; 1983, c. 262; 1989, c. 727; 1991, c. 55; 2004, cc. 947, 973; 2006, cc. 529, 538; 2007, cc. 209, 366.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-808.1. Use of crossovers on controlled access highways; penalty

It is unlawful for the driver of any vehicle other than an authorized vehicle to use or attempt to use any crossover posted for authorized vehicles only on any controlled access highway.
For the purposes of this section, "authorized vehicle" means (i) Department of Transportation vehicles; (ii) law-enforcement vehicles; (iii) emergency vehicles as defined in § 46.2-920; (iv) towing and recovery vehicles operating under the direction of a law-enforcement agency or the Department of Transportation; (v) vehicles for which permits authorizing use of such crossovers have been issued by the Department of Transportation; (vi) vehicles operated pursuant to a Department of Transportation safety service patrol program as defined in subsection B of § 46.2-920.1 when engaged in providing services under such program; (vii) vehicles operated pursuant to a contract with the Department of Transportation for, or that includes, traffic incident management services as defined in subsection B of § 46.2-920.1 when providing such traffic incident management services; and (viii) other vehicles operating in medical emergency situations.
Violation of any provision of this section shall constitute a traffic infraction punishable by a fine of no more than $250.
1997, c. 881; 2008, cc. 470, 647; 2017, c. 350.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-808.2. Violations committed within highway safety corridor; report on benefits

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the fine for any moving violation of any provision of this chapter while operating a motor vehicle in a designated highway safety corridor pursuant to § 33.2-253 shall be no more than $500 for any violation that is a traffic infraction and not less than $200 for any violation that is a criminal offense. The otherwise applicable fines set forth in Rule 3B:2 of the Rules of the Supreme Court shall be doubled in the case of a waiver of appearance and a plea of guilty under § 16.1-69.40:1 or 19.2-254.2 for a violation of a provision of this chapter while operating a motor vehicle in a designated highway safety corridor pursuant to § 33.2-253. The Commissioner of Highways shall report, on an annual basis, statistical data related to benefits derived from the designation of such highway safety corridors. This information may be posted on the Virginia Department of Transportation's official website. Notwithstanding the provisions of § 46.2-1300, the governing bodies of counties, cities, and towns may not adopt ordinances providing for penalties under this section.
2020, cc. 964, 965.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-809. Regulation of truck traffic on primary and secondary highways

The Commonwealth Transportation Board, or its designee, in response to a formal request by a local governing body, after such body has held public hearings, may, after due notice and a proper hearing, prohibit or restrict the use by through traffic of any part of a primary or secondary highway if a reasonable alternate route is provided. The Board, or its designee, shall act upon any such formal request within nine months of its receipt, unless good cause is shown. Such restriction may apply to any truck or truck and trailer or semitrailer combination, except a pickup or panel truck, as may be necessary to promote the health, safety, and welfare of the citizens of the Commonwealth. Nothing in this section shall affect the validity of any city charter provision or city ordinance heretofore adopted.
The provisions of this section shall not apply in (i) cities, (ii) any town which maintains its own system of streets, and (iii) in any county which owns, operates, and maintains its own system of roads and streets.
1973, c. 67, § 46.1-171.2; 1989, c. 727; 2003, c. 300.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-809.1. Regulation of residential cut-through traffic by Board

The Commonwealth Transportation Board may develop a residential cut-through traffic policy and procedure for the control of residential cut-through traffic on designated secondary highways.
For the purposes of this section, "residential cut-through traffic" means vehicular traffic passing through a residential area without stopping or without at least an origin or destination within the area.
The provisions of this section shall not apply in (i) cities, (ii) any town that maintains its own system of streets, and (iii) any county that owns, operates, and maintains its own system of highways.
1995, c. 556.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-810. Age limits for drivers of public passenger-carrying vehicles

No person, whether licensed or not, under the age of eighteen years shall drive a motor vehicle while in use as a public passenger-carrying vehicle.
Code 1950, § 46-182; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-170; 1970, c. 481; 1972, cc. 386, 823; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-810.1. Smoking in vehicle with a minor present; civil penalty

A. For the purposes of this section, "smoke" means to carry or hold any lighted pipe, cigar, or cigarette of any kind or any other lighted smoking equipment or to light or inhale or exhale smoke from a pipe, cigar, or cigarette of any kind or any other lighted smoking equipment.
B. It is unlawful for a person to smoke in a motor vehicle, whether in motion or at rest, when a minor under the age of 15 is present in the motor vehicle. A violation of this section is punishable by a civil penalty of $100 to be paid into the state treasury and credited to the Literary Fund. No demerit points shall be assigned under Article 19 (§ 46.2-489 et seq.) of Chapter 3 and no court costs shall be assessed for a violation of this section. A violation of this section may be charged on the uniform traffic summons form.
C. No law-enforcement officer shall stop a motor vehicle for a violation of this section. No evidence discovered or obtained as the result of a stop in violation of this subsection, including evidence discovered or obtained with the operator's consent, shall be admissible in any trial, hearing, or other proceeding.
2016, c. 515; 2020, c. 972; 2020, Sp. Sess. I, cc. 45, 51.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-811. Coasting prohibited

The driver of any motor vehicle traveling on a downgrade on any highway shall not coast with the gears of the vehicle in neutral.
Code 1950, § 46-218; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-200; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-812. Driving more than thirteen hours in twenty-four prohibited

No person shall drive any motor vehicle on the highways of the Commonwealth for more than thirteen hours in any period of twenty-four hours or for a period which, when added to the time such person may have driven in any other state, would make an aggregate of more than thirteen hours in any twenty-four-hour period. The provisions of this section, however, shall not apply to the operation of motor vehicles used in snow or ice control or removal operations or similar emergency situations.
No owner of any vehicle shall cause or permit it to be driven in violation of this section.
Code 1950, § 46-219; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-201; 1978, c. 12; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-813. Occupation of trailer being towed on highways

No person shall occupy a house trailer or camping trailer while it is being towed on a public highway in this Commonwealth. No operator of a towing vehicle shall knowingly permit another person to occupy a house trailer or camping trailer as defined in § 46.2-100 while it is being towed.
In any civil proceeding, the violation of this section shall not constitute negligence per se.
1970, c. 103, § 46.1-172.1; 1978, c. 605; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-815. Hauling certain cargoes through tunnels in violation of posted signs; penalty

The hauling of any explosive, flammable, or other hazardous cargo, as prohibited by the Department of Transportation under the authority of §§ 33.2-210 and 33.2-300, through any tunnel on any highway in the Commonwealth in violation of any lawfully posted sign shall constitute a Class 1 misdemeanor.
1984, c. 488, § 46.1-228.1; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-816. Following too closely

The driver of a motor vehicle shall not follow another vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer more closely than is reasonable and prudent, having due regard to the speed of both vehicles and the traffic on, and conditions of, the highway at the time.
Code 1950, § 46-229; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-213; 1983, c. 248; 1989, c. 727; 2015, cc. 31, 188.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-816.1. Careless driving and infliction of injury or death on vulnerable road users; penalty

A. As used in this section, "vulnerable road user" means a pedestrian; the operator of or passenger on a bicycle, electric personal assistive mobility device, electric power-assisted bicycle, wheel chair or wheel chair conveyance, skateboard, roller skates, motorized skateboard or scooter, or animal-drawn vehicle or any attached device; or any person riding an animal.
B. It is a Class 1 misdemeanor to operate a motor vehicle in a careless or distracted manner such that the careless or distracted operation is the proximate cause of serious bodily injury as defined in § 18.2-51.4 to or the death of a vulnerable road user who is lawfully present on the highway at the time of injury or death.
C. A prosecution or proceeding under § 46.2-852 is a bar to a prosecution or proceeding under this section for the same act, and a prosecution or proceeding under this section is a bar to a prosecution or proceeding under § 46.2-852 for the same act.
2020, c. 1259; 2022, cc. 506, 507.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 8 - Regulation of Traffic › § 46.2-817. Disregarding signal by law-enforcement officer to stop; eluding police; penalties

A. Any person who, having received a visible or audible signal from any law-enforcement officer to bring his motor vehicle to a stop, drives such motor vehicle in a willful and wanton disregard of such signal or who attempts to escape or elude such law-enforcement officer whether on foot, in the vehicle, or by any other means, is guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor. It shall be an affirmative defense to a charge of a violation of this subsection if the defendant shows he reasonably believed he was being pursued by a person other than a law-enforcement officer.
B. Any person who, having received a visible or audible signal from any law-enforcement officer to bring his motor vehicle to a stop, drives such motor vehicle in a willful and wanton disregard of such signal so as to interfere with or endanger the operation of the law-enforcement vehicle or endanger a person is guilty of a Class 6 felony. It shall be an affirmative defense to a charge of a violation of this subsection if the defendant shows he reasonably believed he was being pursued by a person other than a law-enforcement officer.
C. If a law-enforcement officer pursues a person as a result of a violation of subsection B and the law-enforcement officer is killed as a direct and proximate result of the pursuit, the person who violated subsection B is guilty of a Class 4 felony.
D. When any person is convicted of an offense under this section, in addition to the other penalties provided in this section, the driver's license of such person shall be suspended by the court for a period of not less than thirty days nor more than one year. However, in any case where the speed of such person is determined to have exceeded the maximum allowed by twenty miles per hour, his driver's license shall be suspended by the court trying the case for a period of not less than ninety days. In case of conviction and suspension, the court or judge shall order the surrender of the license to the court, which shall dispose of it in accordance with the provisions of § 46.2-398.
E. Violation of this section shall constitute a separate and distinct offense. If the acts or activities violating this section also violate another provision of law, a prosecution under this section shall not prohibit or bar any prosecution or proceeding under such other provision or the imposition of any penalties provided for thereby.
1964, c. 614, § 46.1-192.1; 1984, cc. 544, 780; 1988, c. 307; 1989, c. 727; 1993, c. 796; 1996, cc. 577, 817; 1999, c. 720; 2000, c. 315; 2002, c. 505; 2008, cc. 773, 811; 2010, c. 655.