reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 111 - Employment relations. › 111.55 - Conciliator unable to effect settlement; appointment of arbitrators.

111.55
Conciliator unable to effect settlement; appointment of arbitrators.
If a conciliator named under s. 111.54 is unable to effect a settlement of a labor dispute between a public utility employer and its employees within a 15-day period after the conciliator's appointment, the conciliator shall report that fact to the commission. The commission, if it believes that a continuation of the dispute will cause or is likely to cause the interruption of an essential service, shall submit to the parties the names of either 3 or 5 persons from the panel provided for in s. 111.53. Each party shall alternately strike one name from such list of persons. The person or persons left on the list shall be appointed by the commission as the arbitrator or arbitrators to hear and determine such dispute.
History:  1993 a. 492; 1995 a. 225.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 111 - Employment relations. › 111.56 - Existing state of affairs to be maintained.

111.56
Existing state of affairs to be maintained.
During the pendency of proceedings under this subchapter existing wages, hours, and conditions of employment shall not be changed by action of either party without the consent of the other.
History:  1979 c. 110 s. 60 (9).
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 111 - Employment relations. › 111.59 - Filing order with clerk of circuit court; period effective; retroactivity.

111.59
Filing order with clerk of circuit court; period effective; retroactivity.
(1)
In this section, “order" means the findings, decision and order of the arbitrator.
(2)
The arbitrator shall hand down his or her order within 30 days after his or her appointment; except that the parties may agree to extend, or the commission may for good cause extend the period for not to exceed an additional 30 days. If the arbitrators do not agree, then the decision of the majority shall constitute the order in the case. The arbitrator shall furnish to each of the parties and to the public service commission a copy of the order. A certified copy thereof shall be filed in the office of the clerk of the circuit court of the county wherein the dispute arose or where the majority of the employees involved in the dispute resides.
(3)
Unless the order is reversed upon a petition for review filed pursuant to s. 111.60, the order, together with any other agreements that the parties may themselves have reached, shall become binding upon, and shall control the relationship between the parties from the date on which the order is filed with the clerk of the circuit court, as provided in sub. (2). The order shall continue effective for one year from that date, but the order may be changed by mutual consent or agreement of the parties. No order of the arbitrators relating to wages or rates of pay shall be retroactive to a date before the date of the termination of any contract which may have existed between the parties, or, if there was no prior contract, to a date before the day on which the demands involved in the dispute were presented to the other party. The question whether or not new contract provisions or amendments to an existing contract are retroactive to the terminating date of a present contract, amendments or part thereof, shall be matter for collective bargaining or decision by the arbitrator.
History:  1993 a. 492; 1995 a. 225.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 111 - Employment relations. › 111.60 - Judicial review of order of arbitrator.

111.60
Judicial review of order of arbitrator.
(1)
Either party to the dispute may, within 15 days from the date such order is filed with the clerk of the court, petition the court for a review of such order on the ground that:
(a)
The parties were not given reasonable opportunity to be heard;
(b)
The arbitrator exceeded the arbitrator's powers;
(c)
The order is not supported by the evidence; or
(d)
The order was procured by fraud, collusion or other unlawful means.
(2)
A summons to the other party to the dispute shall be issued as provided by law in other civil cases; and either party shall have the same rights to a change of venue from the county, or to a change of judge, as provided by law in other civil cases.
(3)
The judge of the circuit court shall review the order solely upon the grounds for review hereinabove set forth and shall affirm, reverse, modify or remand such order to the arbitrator as to any issue or issues for such further action as the circumstances require.
History:  1993 a. 492.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 111 - Employment relations. › 111.62 - Strikes, work stoppages, slowdowns, lockouts, unlawful; penalty.

111.62
Strikes, work stoppages, slowdowns, lockouts, unlawful; penalty.
It shall be unlawful for any group of employees of a public utility employer acting in concert to call a strike or to go out on strike, or to cause any work stoppage or slowdown which would cause an interruption of an essential service; it also shall be unlawful for any public utility employer to lock out the employer's employees when such action would cause an interruption of essential service; and it shall be unlawful for any person or persons to instigate, to induce, to conspire with, or to encourage any other person or persons to engage in any strike or lockout or slowdown or work stoppage which would cause an interruption of an essential service. Any violation of this section by any member of a group of employees acting in concert or by any employer or by any officer of an employer acting for such employer, or by any other individual, shall constitute a misdemeanor.
History:  1993 a. 492.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 111 - Employment relations. › 111.63 - Enforcement.

111.63
Enforcement.
The commission shall enforce compliance with this subchapter and to that end may file an action in the circuit court of the county in which any violation of this subchapter occurs to restrain and enjoin the violation and to compel the performance of the duties imposed by this subchapter. In any action described in this section, ss. 103.505 to 103.61 do not apply.
History:  1997 a. 253.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 111 - Employment relations. › 111.64 - Construction.

111.64
Construction.
(1)
Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to require any individual employee to render labor or service without the employee's consent, or to make illegal the quitting of the employee's labor or service or the withdrawal from the employee's place of employment unless done in concert or agreement with others. No court shall have power to issue any process to compel an individual employee to render labor or service or to remain at the employee's place of employment without the employee's consent. It is the intent of this subchapter only to forbid employees of a public utility employer to engage in a strike or to engage in a work slowdown or stoppage in concert, and to forbid a public utility employer to lock out the employer's employees, where such acts would cause an interruption of essential service.
(2)
All laws and parts of laws in conflict herewith are to the extent of such conflict concerning the subject matter dealt with in this subchapter supplanted by the provisions of this subchapter.
History:  1993 a. 492.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 111 - Employment relations. › 111.815 - Duties of state.

111.815
Duties of state.
(1)
In the furtherance of this subchapter, the state shall be considered as a single employer and employment relations policies and practices throughout the state service shall be as consistent as practicable. The division shall negotiate and administer collective bargaining agreements. To coordinate the employer position in the negotiation of agreements, the division shall maintain close liaison with the legislature relative to the negotiation of agreements and the fiscal ramifications of those agreements. Except with respect to the collective bargaining units specified in s. 111.825 (1r) and (1t), the division is responsible for the employer functions of the executive branch under this subchapter, and shall coordinate its collective bargaining activities with operating state agencies on matters of agency concern. The legislative branch shall act upon those portions of tentative agreements negotiated by the division that require legislative action. With respect to the collective bargaining units specified in s. 111.825 (1r), the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System is responsible for the employer functions under this subchapter. With respect to the collective bargaining units specified in s. 111.825 (1t), the chancellor of the University of Wisconsin-Madison is responsible for the employer functions under this subchapter. With respect to the collective bargaining unit specified in s. 111.825 (1r) (ef), the governing board of the charter school established by contract under s. 118.40 (2r) (cm), 2013 stats., is responsible for the employer functions under this subchapter.
(2)
The administrator of the division shall, together with the appointing authorities or their representatives, represent the state in its responsibility as an employer under this subchapter except with respect to negotiations in the collective bargaining units specified in s. 111.825 (1r) and (1t). Except as provided in s. 36.115 (7), the administrator of the division shall establish and maintain, wherever practicable, consistent employment relations policies and practices throughout the state service.
(3)
With regard to collective bargaining activities involving employees who are assistant district attorneys, the administrator of the division shall maintain close liaison with the secretary of administration.
History:  1977 c. 196; 1983 a. 27 s. 2200 (15); 1985 a. 42; 1989 a. 31; 1995 a. 27; 2001 a. 16, 104; 2003 a. 33; 2009 a. 28; 2011 a. 10, 32; 2013 a. 20 ss. 2365m, 9448; 2013 a. 166; 2015 a. 55.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 111 - Employment relations. › 111.82 - Rights of employees.

111.82
Rights of employees.
Employees have the right of self-organization and the right to form, join, or assist labor organizations, to bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing under this subchapter, and to engage in lawful, concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection. Employees also have the right to refrain from any or all of such activities. A general employee has the right to refrain from paying dues while remaining a member of a collective bargaining unit.
History:  1971 c. 270; 1995 a. 27; 2011 a. 10.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 111 - Employment relations. › 111.845 - Wage deduction prohibition.

111.845
Wage deduction prohibition.
The employer may not deduct labor organization dues from a general employee's earnings.
History:  2011 a. 10.
The creation of this section by 2011 Wis. Act 10 did not violate equal protection or free speech protections. Wisconsin Education Ass'n Council v. Walker, 705 F.3d 640 (2013).
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 111 - Employment relations. › 111.86 - Grievance arbitration.

111.86
Grievance arbitration.
(1)
Parties to the dispute pertaining to the interpretation of a collective bargaining agreement may agree in writing to have the commission or any other appointing state agency serve as arbitrator or may designate any other competent, impartial and disinterested persons to so serve. Such arbitration proceedings shall be governed by ch. 788.
(2)
The division shall charge a state department or agency the employer's share of the cost related to grievance arbitration under sub. (1) for any arbitration that involves one or more employees of the state department or agency. Each state department or agency so charged shall pay the amount that the division charges from the appropriation account or accounts used to pay the salary of the grievant. Funds received under this subsection shall be credited to the appropriation account under s. 20.505 (1) (ks).
History:  1971 c. 270; 1979 c. 32 s. 92 (15); 1985 a. 42; 1995 a. 27; 2003 a. 33; 2015 a. 55.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 111 - Employment relations. › 111.87 - Mediation.

111.87
Mediation.
The commission may appoint any competent, impartial, disinterested person to act as mediator in any labor dispute either upon its own initiative or upon the request of one of the parties to the dispute. It is the function of such mediator to bring the parties together voluntarily under such favorable auspices as will tend to effectuate settlement of the dispute, but neither the mediator nor the commission shall have any power of compulsion in mediation proceedings.
History:  1971 c. 270.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 111 - Employment relations. › 111.88 - Fact-finding.

111.88
Fact-finding.
(1)
If a dispute has not been settled after a reasonable period of negotiation and after the settlement procedures, if any, established by the parties have been exhausted, the representative which has been certified by the commission after an election, or, in the case of a representative of employees specified in s. 111.81 (7) (a), has been duly recognized by the employer, as the exclusive representative of employees in an appropriate collective bargaining unit, and the employer, its officers and agents, after a reasonable period of negotiation, are deadlocked with respect to any dispute between them arising in the collective bargaining process, the parties jointly, may petition the commission, in writing, to initiate fact-finding under this section, and to make recommendations to resolve the deadlock.
(2)
Upon receipt of a petition to initiate fact-finding, the commission shall make an investigation with or without a formal hearing, to determine whether a deadlock in fact exists. After its investigation, the commission shall certify the results thereof. If the commission decides that fact-finding should be initiated, it shall appoint a qualified, disinterested person or 3-member panel, when jointly requested by the parties, to function as a fact finder.
(3)
The fact finder may establish dates and place of hearings and shall conduct the hearings under rules established by the commission. Upon request, the commission shall issue subpoenas for hearings conducted by the fact finder. The fact finder may administer oaths. Upon completion of the hearing, the fact finder shall make written findings of fact and recommendations for solution of the dispute and shall cause the same to be served on the parties and the commission. In making findings and recommendations, the fact finder shall take into consideration among other pertinent factors the principles vital to the public interest in efficient and economical governmental administration. Cost of fact-finding proceedings shall be divided equally between the parties. At the time the fact finder submits a statement of his or her costs to the parties, the fact finder shall submit a copy thereof to the commission at its Madison office.
(4)
Nothing herein shall be construed as prohibiting any fact finder from endeavoring to mediate the dispute at any time prior to the issuance of the fact finder's recommendations.
(5)
Within 30 days of the receipt of the fact finder's recommendations or within such time period mutually agreed upon by the parties, each party shall advise the other, in writing, as to the party's acceptance or rejection, in whole or in part, of the fact finder's recommendations and, at the same time, send a copy of such notification to the commission at its Madison office. Failure to comply with this subsection, by the state employer or employee representative, constitutes a violation of s. 111.84 (1) (d) or (2) (c).
History:  1971 c. 270; 1985 a. 42; 1993 a. 492; 1995 a. 225.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 111 - Employment relations. › 111.89 - Strike prohibited.

111.89
Strike prohibited.
(1)
Upon establishing that a strike is in progress, the employer may either seek an injunction or file an unfair labor practice charge with the commission under s. 111.84 (2) (e) or both. It is the responsibility of the division to decide whether to seek an injunction or file an unfair labor practice charge. The existence of an administrative remedy does not constitute grounds for denial of injunctive relief.
(2)
The occurrence of a strike and the participation therein by an employee do not affect the rights of the employer, in law or in equity, to deal with the strike, including:
(a)
The right to impose discipline, including discharge, or suspension without pay, of any employee participating therein;
(b)
The right to cancel the reinstatement eligibility of any employee engaging therein; and
(c)
The right of the employer to request the imposition of fines, either against the labor organization or the employee engaging therein, or to sue for damages because of such strike activity.
History:  1971 c. 270; 1977 c. 196 s. 130 (9); 1977 c. 273; 1985 a. 42; 1989 a. 336; 1995 a. 27; 2003 a. 33; 2015 a. 55.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 111 - Employment relations. › 111.90 - Management rights.

111.90
Management rights.
Nothing in this subchapter shall interfere with the right of the employer, in accordance with this subchapter to:
(1)
Carry out the statutory mandate and goals assigned to a state agency by the most appropriate and efficient methods and means and utilize personnel in the most appropriate and efficient manner possible.
(2)
Manage the employees of a state agency; hire, promote, transfer, assign or retain employees in positions within the agency; and in that regard establish reasonable work rules.
(3)
Suspend, demote, discharge or take other appropriate disciplinary action against the employee for just cause; or to lay off employees in the event of lack of work or funds or under conditions where continuation of such work would be inefficient and nonproductive.
History:  1971 c. 270; 1995 a. 27; 2011 a. 10.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 111 - Employment relations. › 111.915 - Labor proposals.

111.915
Labor proposals.
The administrator of the division shall notify and consult with the joint committee on employment relations, in such form and detail as the committee requests, regarding substantial changes in wages, employee benefits, personnel management, and program policy contract provisions to be included in any contract proposal to be offered to any labor organization by the state or to be agreed to by the state before such proposal is actually offered or accepted.
History:  1977 c. 196; 2003 a. 33; 2015 a. 55.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 111 - Employment relations. › 111.935 - Representatives and elections for research assistants.

111.935
Representatives and elections for research assistants.
(1)
In this section, “authorization card" means a signed card that employees complete to indicate their preferences regarding collective bargaining.
(2)
Notwithstanding s. 111.83 (2), the commission shall establish a procedure whereby research assistants may determine whether to form themselves into collective bargaining units under s. 111.825 (1r) (eh), (ei), or (er) or (1t) (er) by authorization cards in lieu of secret ballot. The procedure shall provide that once a majority of research assistants have indicated their preference on the authorization cards to form themselves into a collective bargaining unit, the collective bargaining unit is established.
History:  2009 a. 28; 2011 a. 32; 2013 a. 20 ss. 2365m, 9448; 2017 a. 365 s. 111.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 111 - Employment relations. › 111.94 - Rules, transcripts, training programs, fees.

111.94
Rules, transcripts, training programs, fees.
(1)
The commission may adopt reasonable and proper rules relative to the exercise of its powers and authority and proper rules to govern its proceedings and to regulate the conduct of all elections and hearings. The commission shall, upon request, provide a transcript of a proceeding to any party to the proceeding for a fee, established by rule, by the commission at a uniform rate per page. All transcript fees shall be credited to the appropriation account under s. 20.425 (1) (i).
(2)
The commission shall assess and collect a filing fee for filing a complaint alleging that an unfair labor practice has been committed under s. 111.84. The commission shall assess and collect a filing fee for filing a request that the commission act as an arbitrator to resolve a dispute involving the interpretation or application of a collective bargaining agreement under s. 111.86. The commission shall assess and collect a filing fee for filing a request that the commission initiate fact-finding under s. 111.88. The commission shall assess and collect a filing fee for filing a request that the commission act as a mediator under s. 111.87. For the performance of commission actions under ss. 111.86, 111.87, and 111.88, the commission shall require that the parties to the dispute equally share in the payment of the fee and, for the performance of commission actions involving a complaint alleging that an unfair labor practice has been committed under s. 111.84, the commission shall require that the party filing the complaint pay the entire fee. If any party has paid a filing fee requesting the commission to act as a mediator for a labor dispute and the parties do not enter into a voluntary settlement of the labor dispute, the commission may not subsequently assess or collect a filing fee to initiate fact-finding to resolve the same labor dispute. If any request concerns issues arising as a result of more than one unrelated event or occurrence, each such separate event or occurrence shall be treated as a separate request. The commission shall promulgate rules establishing a schedule of filing fees to be paid under this subsection. Fees required to be paid under this subsection shall be paid at the time of filing the complaint or the request for fact-finding, mediation or arbitration. A complaint or request for fact-finding, mediation or arbitration is not filed until the date such fee or fees are paid. Fees collected under this subsection shall be credited to the appropriation account under s. 20.425 (1) (i).
(3)
The commission may provide training programs to individuals and organizations on collective bargaining, including on areas of management and labor cooperation directly or indirectly affecting collective bargaining, and may charge a reasonable fee for participation in the programs.
History:  1971 c. 270; 1973 c. 90; 1981 c. 20; 1983 a. 27; 1991 a. 39; 1995 a. 27; 2003 a. 33; 2021 a. 238 s. 45.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 112 - Fiduciaries. › 112.03 - Proxy voting of corporate stock by fiduciaries.

112.03
Proxy voting of corporate stock by fiduciaries.
Shares of stock in any corporation organized under the laws of the United States, any of the states thereof, any foreign country or any province or other political subdivision thereof held by a fiduciary may be voted by such fiduciary by general or limited proxy, with or without power of substitution, unless such manner of voting is expressly prohibited by the document creating the fiduciary relationship or unless the manner of voting such shares is specifically directed in such document. For the purpose of this section the word “corporation" shall be construed to include investment companies which are common law trusts.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 112 - Fiduciaries. › 112.07 - Holding of securities by fiduciaries and by custodians for fiduciaries.

112.07
Holding of securities by fiduciaries and by custodians for fiduciaries.
(1)
Notwithstanding any other provision of the statutes, any fiduciary, as defined in s. 112.01 (1) (b), who is holding securities in a fiduciary capacity, any bank or trust company holding securities as a custodian or managing agent, and any bank or trust company holding securities as custodian for a fiduciary may deposit or arrange for the deposit of such securities in a clearing corporation as defined in s. 408.102 (1) (e). When the securities are so deposited, certificates representing securities of the same class of the same issuer may be merged and held in bulk in the name of the nominee of the clearing corporation with any other such securities deposited in that clearing corporation by any person regardless of the ownership of the securities, and certificates of small denomination may be merged into one or more certificates of larger denomination. The records of the fiduciary and the records of the bank or trust company acting as custodian, as managing agent or as custodian for a fiduciary shall at all times show the name of the party for whose account the securities are so deposited. Ownership of, and other interests in, the securities may be transferred by bookkeeping entry on the books of the clearing corporation without physical delivery of certificates representing the securities. A bank or trust company which deposits securities pursuant to this section shall be subject to such rules and regulations as, in the case of state chartered institutions, the division of banking and, in the case of national banking associations, the comptroller of the currency may from time to time issue. A bank or trust company acting as custodian for a fiduciary shall, on demand by the fiduciary, certify in writing to the fiduciary the securities deposited by the bank or trust company in a clearing corporation pursuant to this section for the account of the fiduciary. A fiduciary shall, on demand by any party to a judicial proceeding for the settlement of the fiduciary's account or on demand by the attorney for such a party, certify in writing to the party the securities deposited by the fiduciary in the clearing corporation for its account as such fiduciary.
(2)
This section applies to any fiduciary holding securities in its fiduciary capacity, and to any bank or trust company holding securities as a custodian, managing agent or custodian for a fiduciary, acting on December 4, 1975 or who after that date may act, regardless of the date of the agreement, instrument or court order by which appointed and regardless of whether or not the fiduciary, custodian, managing agent or custodian for a fiduciary owns capital stock of the clearing corporation in which the securities are deposited.
History:  1975 c. 107, 199; 1983 a. 189 s. 329 (24); 1985 a. 237 s. 119; 1995 a. 27; 1997 a. 297.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 112 - Fiduciaries. › 112.08 - Premium on bond allowed as expense.

112.08
Premium on bond allowed as expense.
Any fiduciary required to give a suretyship obligation may include as a part of the expense of executing the trust the lawful premium paid a surety corporation for executing the obligation.
History:  1977 c. 339; Stats. 1977 s. 112.07; 1977 c. 447; Stats. 1977 s. 112.08.
Legislative Council Note, 1977: This provision is part of s. 204.11, repealed by this act. It has nothing to do with the law of insurance but deals solely with the proper conduct of fiduciaries. As such it belongs in ch. 112 and is transferred there without change. [Bill 258-S]
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 112 - Fiduciaries. › 112.09 - Surety, how discharged.

112.09
Surety, how discharged.
(1)
Any surety or the personal representative of any surety upon the bond of any trustee, guardian, receiver, executor, or other fiduciary, may be discharged from liability as provided in this section. On 5 days' notice to the principal in such bond, application may be made to the court where it is filed, or which has jurisdiction of such fiduciary or to any judge of such court for a discharge from liability as surety, and that such principal be required to account.
(2)
Notice of such application may be served personally within or without the state. If it shall satisfactorily appear to the court or the judge that personal service cannot be had with due diligence within the state, the notice may be served in such manner as the court or judge shall direct. Pending such application the principal may be restrained from acting, except to preserve the trust estate.
(3)
If at the time appointed the principal shall fail to file a new bond satisfactory to the court or judge, an order shall be made requiring the principal to file a new bond within 5 days. When such new bond shall be filed, the court or judge shall make an order requiring the principal to account for all of the principal's acts to and including the date of the order, and to file such account within a time fixed not exceeding 20 days; and shall discharge the surety making such application from liability for any act or default of the principal subsequent to the date of such order.
(4)
If the principal shall fail to file a new bond within the time specified, an order shall be made removing the principal from office, and requiring the principal to file the principal's account within 20 days. If the principal shall fail to file the principal's account as required, the surety may make and file such account; and upon settlement thereof and upon the trust fund or estate being found or made good and paid over or properly secured, credit shall be given for all commissions, costs, disbursements and allowances to which the principal would be entitled were the principal accounting.
(5)
The procedure for hearing, settling, and allowing the principal's account shall be according to the practice prescribed by ch. 862 for personal representatives. Upon the trust fund or estate being found or made good and paid over or properly secured, the surety shall be discharged from all liability. Upon demand by the principal, the discharged surety shall return the unearned part of the premium paid for the canceled bond.
(6)
Any such fiduciary may institute and conduct proceedings for the discharge of the fiduciary's surety and for the filing of a new bond; and the procedure shall in all respects conform substantially to the practice prescribed by this section in cases where the proceeding is instituted by a surety, and with like effect.
History:  1993 a. 486; 2001 a. 102; 2005 a. 155 s. 39; Stats. 2005 s. 112.09.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 113 - Uniform joint obligations act. › 113.01 - Definitions.

113.01
Definitions.
In this chapter, unless otherwise expressly stated:
(1)
“Obligation" includes a liability in tort.
(2)
“Obligee" includes a person having a right based on a tort.
(3)
“Obligor" includes a person liable for a tort.
(4)
“Several obligors" means obligors severally bound for the same performance.
History:  1983 a. 189.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 113 - Uniform joint obligations act. › 113.02 - Judgment, obligor not party, not discharged.

113.02
Judgment, obligor not party, not discharged.
A judgment against one or more of several obligors, or against one or more of joint, or of joint and several obligors shall not discharge a co-obligor who was not a party to the proceeding wherein the judgment was rendered.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 113 - Uniform joint obligations act. › 113.03 - Recoveries credited, limitation.

113.03
Recoveries credited, limitation.
The amount or value of any consideration received by the obligee from one or more of several obligors, or from one or more of joint, or of joint and several obligors, in whole or in partial satisfaction of their obligations, shall be credited to the extent of the amount received on the obligations of all co-obligors to whom the obligor or obligors giving the consideration did not stand in the relation of a surety.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 113 - Uniform joint obligations act. › 113.04 - Release of some, effect.

113.04
Release of some, effect.
Subject to s. 113.03, the obligee's release or discharge of one or more of several obligors, or of one or more of joint, or of joint and several obligors shall not discharge co-obligors, against whom the obligee in writing and as part of the same transaction as the release or discharge, expressly reserves the obligee's rights; and in the absence of such reservation of such rights shall discharge co-obligors only to the extent provided in s. 113.05.
History:  1993 a. 492.
Release of one tort-feasor, reserving all rights against another, limits recovery against the other to the percentage of that other's negligence. Peiffer v. Allstate Insurance Co. 51 Wis. 2d 329, 187 N.W.2d 182 (1971).
There is a rebuttable presumption that a general release of the original tort-feasor does not release a malpractice cause of action for damages that might be recovered against the original tort-feasor unless clearly and expressly stated in the release. Rights need not be reserved against the doctor. Krenz v. Medical Protective Co. 57 Wis. 2d 387, 204 N.W.2d 663 (1973); Westphal v. Cantwell-Peterson Clinic, 57 Wis. 2d 402, 204 N.W.2d 491 (1973).
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 113 - Uniform joint obligations act. › 113.05 - Release of some; co-obligors protected.

113.05
Release of some; co-obligors protected.
(1)
If an obligee releasing or discharging an obligor without express reservation of rights against a co-obligor, then knows or has reason to know that the obligor released or discharged did not pay so much of the claim as the obligor was bound by contract or relation with that co-obligor to pay, the obligee's claim against that co-obligor shall be satisfied to the amount which the obligee knew or had reason to know that the released or discharged obligor was bound to such co-obligor to pay.
(2)
If an obligee so releasing or discharging an obligor has not then such knowledge or reason to know, the obligee's claim against the co-obligor shall be satisfied to the extent of the lesser of the amount of the fractional share of the obligor released or discharged, or the amount that such obligor was bound by contract or relation with the co-obligor to pay.
History:  1993 a. 492.
Cross-reference:  See also s. 113.11 concerning release of joint debtor.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 113 - Uniform joint obligations act. › 113.06 - Death of obligor, estate liable.

113.06
Death of obligor, estate liable.
On the death of a joint obligor in contract, the joint obligor's personal representative or estate shall be jointly and severally bound with the surviving obligor or obligors.
History:  1993 a. 492; 2001 a. 102.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 113 - Uniform joint obligations act. › 113.11 - Release of joint debtor; effect.

113.11
Release of joint debtor; effect.
(1)
If any creditor to whom persons are jointly indebted, either upon contract or the judgment of a court of record, shall release any of them such release shall operate as a satisfaction or discharge of such joint debt to the amount of the proportion which the person so released ought in equity, as between the person and the other joint debtors, to pay; and the balance of such joint debt shall remain in force as to joint debtors not released and may be enforced against them. If the amount paid by a debtor to procure the release shall exceed the proportion of such joint debt which the debtor, as between the debtor and co-debtors ought to pay then such joint debt shall thereby be satisfied to the extent of the sum so paid. If the person released is only a surety the person's release shall operate as payment of such joint debt to the extent of the money paid by the person and no further.
(2)
This section does not permit the discharge of a principal debtor without also discharging the principal debtor's sureties.
History:  Sup. Ct. Order, 67 Wis. 2d 585, 760 (1975); 1975 c. 218.
Cross-reference:  See also s. 113.05 concerning release of co-obligor.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 114 - Aeronautics and astronautics. › 114.001 - Definitions.

114.001
Definitions.
In this chapter:
(1)
“Department" means the department of transportation.
(2)
“Division of hearings and appeals" means the division of hearings and appeals in the department of administration.
(3)
“Secretary" means the secretary of transportation.
History:  1977 c. 29; 1993 a. 16.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 114 - Aeronautics and astronautics. › 114.01 - State airport system.

114.01
State airport system.
The department is directed to cooperate with and assist any federal aeronautical agency in the preparation and annual revision of the national airport plan and to lay out a comprehensive state system of airports adequate to provide for the aeronautical needs of the people of all parts of the state. Such state system shall include every airport on the national system and such additional airports as may be deemed necessary. In selecting the general location of the airports on the system and determining their capacity, due regard shall be given to aeronautical necessity as evidenced by the population of the locality to be served, its commerce and industry and such other factors as the department deems pertinent. In selecting the specific sites, due regard shall be given to general suitability for service and economy of development as evidenced by convenience of access, adequacy of available area, character of topography and soils, freedom from hazards and obstructions to flight and other pertinent consideration.
History:  1971 c. 164 s. 84; 1971 c. 192, 228; 1977 c. 29, 98, 272.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 114 - Aeronautics and astronautics. › 114.04 - Flying and landing, limitations.

114.04
Flying and landing, limitations.
Subject to ss. 114.105 (3) and 175.55, and except as provided in ss. 114.045 and 942.10, flight of or in aircraft or spacecraft over the lands and waters of this state is lawful, unless at such a low altitude as to intentionally interfere with the then existing use to which the land or water, or the space over the land or water, is put by the owner, or unless so conducted as to be imminently dangerous or damaging to persons or property lawfully on the land or water beneath. The landing of an aircraft or spacecraft on the lands or waters of another, without the person's consent, is unlawful, except in the case of a forced landing. For damages caused by a forced landing, however, the owner or lessee of the aircraft or spacecraft or the aeronaut or astronaut shall be liable, as provided in s. 114.05.
History:  1993 a. 492; 2005 a. 335; 2013 a. 213; 2015 a. 318; 2017 a. 322.
Since federal laws and regulations preempt local control of aircraft flights, s. 114.04 cannot be invoked to make unlawful flights that are in accordance with federal laws and regulations. Luedtke v. County of Milwaukee, 521 F.2d 387.
Luedtke, to the extent it holds that all common law remedies for airport noise and pollution have been preempted by federal law, is overruled. Bieneman v. Chicago 1, 864 F.2d 463 (1988).
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 114 - Aeronautics and astronautics. › 114.045 - Limitation on the operation of drones.

114.045
Limitation on the operation of drones.
(1)
No person may operate a drone, as defined in s. 941.292 (1), over a correctional institution, as defined in s. 801.02 (7) (a) 1., including any grounds of the institution, except that a person may operate a drone over an institution that is a state facility with the express authorization of the secretary of corrections or his or her designee or over an institution that is a county facility with the express authorization of the sheriff of the county or his or her designee.
(2)
Any person who violates sub. (1) may be required to forfeit not more than $5,000.
(3)
A law enforcement officer investigating an alleged violation of sub. (1) shall seize and transfer to the department of corrections or authority in charge of the correctional institution any photograph, motion picture, other visual representation, or data that represents a visual image that was created or recorded by a drone during an alleged violation of sub. (1).
History:  2015 a. 318; 2017 a. 365; 2021 a. 52.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 114 - Aeronautics and astronautics. › 114.05 - Damages by aircraft or spacecraft.

114.05
Damages by aircraft or spacecraft.
The liability of the owner, lessee and pilot of every aircraft or spacecraft operating over the lands or waters of this state for injuries or damage to persons or property on the land or water beneath, caused by the ascent, descent or flight of such aircraft or spacecraft, or the dropping or falling of the aircraft or spacecraft or of any object or material therefrom, shall be determined by the law applicable to torts on land, except that there shall be a presumption of liability on the part of the owner, lessee or pilot, as the case may be, where injury or damage is caused by the dropping or falling of the aircraft or spacecraft or of any object or material therefrom, which presumption may be rebutted by proof that the injury or damage was not caused by negligence on the part of the owner, lessee or pilot and the burden of proof in such case shall be upon such owner, lessee or pilot to show absence of negligence on his or her part.
History:  1993 a. 492; 2005 a. 335.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 114 - Aeronautics and astronautics. › 114.06 - Inter-aircraft liability.

114.06
Inter-aircraft liability.
The liability of the owner of one aircraft, to the owner of another aircraft, or to aeronauts or passengers on either aircraft, for damage caused by collision on land or in the air shall be determined by the rules of law applicable to torts on land.
This section does not make rules of the road under ch. 346 applicable to airplanes. Air Wisconsin, Inc. v. North Central Airlines, Inc. 98 Wis. 2d 301, 296 N.W.2d 749 (1980).
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 114 - Aeronautics and astronautics. › 114.07 - Criminal jurisdiction.

114.07
Criminal jurisdiction.
All crimes, torts and other wrongs committed by or against an aeronaut, astronaut, or passenger while in flight over this state shall be governed by the laws of this state; and the question whether damage occasioned by or to an aircraft or spacecraft while in flight over this state constitutes a tort, crime or other wrong by or against the owner of such aircraft or spacecraft, shall be determined by the laws of this state.
History:  2005 a. 335.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 114 - Aeronautics and astronautics. › 114.095 - Dropping objects prohibited.

114.095
Dropping objects prohibited.
No operator of an aircraft and no passenger therein shall drop any object therefrom except loose water or loose sand ballast; provided, however, that this section shall not prohibit the dusting or spraying of vegetation with insecticides dropped from airplanes, or the sowing of seeds, or the depositing of fish in lakes or streams, or the delivery of packages or mail by dropping from airplanes, or other similar practices, when such is done in accordance with the federal regulations applicable thereto.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 114 - Aeronautics and astronautics. › 114.10 - Killing birds or animals.

114.10
Killing birds or animals.
Any person who, while in flight within this state, intentionally kills or attempts to kill any birds or animals or who shoots at any bird or animal from an aircraft is subject to the penalties provided under s. 29.971 (7).
History:  1981 c. 243; 1997 a. 248.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 114 - Aeronautics and astronautics. › 114.103 - Private security personnel; report to a law enforcement authority.

114.103
Private security personnel; report to a law enforcement authority.
(1)
In this section:
(a)
“Controlled substance" has the meaning given in s. 961.01 (4).
(am)
“Controlled substance analog" has the meaning given in s. 961.01 (4m).
(b)
“Law enforcement officer" has the meaning given in s. 165.85 (2) (c).
(c)
“Private security person" has the meaning given in s. 440.26 (1m), but does not include any law enforcement officer.
(2)
(a)
If any private security person acting in the course of his or her employment at an airport believes, on the basis of personal observation, that someone possesses a controlled substance or a controlled substance analog, without a prescription or an authorization for that possession, or possesses $10,000 or more in cash or that a shipment contains a controlled substance or controlled substance analog or $10,000 or more in cash, the private security person shall report, as soon as practicable and by telephone or in person, to the county sheriff's office or the police department of the municipality in which the airport is located.
(b)
A report under par. (a) shall contain all of the following information, unless the information is unobtainable by the person making the report:
1.
The name, business address and business telephone number of the person submitting the report.
2.
The name, address and telephone number of any person who is the subject of the report.
3.
The date, time and location of the conduct or shipment that is the subject of the report.
4.
A description of the conduct or shipment being reported, including personal observations and all other factors leading to the reporter's conclusion that the conduct or shipment has occurred.
(3)
Any private security person who violates sub. (2) may be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned for not more than 30 days or both.
History:  1991 a. 269; 1995 a. 448, 461; 2021 a. 238 s. 44.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 114 - Aeronautics and astronautics. › 114.105 - Local regulation.

114.105
Local regulation.
(1)
In this section:
(a)
“Drone" means an aircraft operated without the possibility of direct human intervention from within or on the aircraft.
(b)
“Political subdivision" means a city, village, town, or county.
(2)
A political subdivision may adopt any ordinance in strict conformity with the provisions of this chapter and impose the same penalty for violation of any of its provisions except that an ordinance under this subsection may not provide for the suspension or revocation of pilot or aircraft licenses or certificates.
(3)
A political subdivision may enact an ordinance limiting the use of drones by the political subdivision.
(4)
(a)
No political subdivision may enact any ordinance governing aircraft or aeronautics or spacecraft or astronautics contrary to or inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter or federal law.
(b)
Except as provided in sub. (3), no political subdivision may regulate the ownership or operation of a drone.
History:  1983 a. 151; 2005 a. 335; 2017 a. 322.
2023 Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations › Chapter 114 - Aeronautics and astronautics. › 114.12 - Condemnation of lands for airports and spaceports.

114.12
Condemnation of lands for airports and spaceports.
Any lands acquired, owned, controlled or occupied by such counties, cities, villages and towns for the purposes enumerated in s. 114.11 shall and are hereby declared to be acquired, owned, controlled and occupied for a public purpose, and as a matter of public necessity, and such cities, villages, towns or counties shall have the right to acquire property for such purpose or purposes under the power of eminent domain as and for a public necessity including property owned by other municipal corporations and political subdivisions and including any street, highway, park, parkway or alley, provided that no state trunk highway shall be so acquired without the prior consent of the department. Whenever the county, city, village or town as the case may be shall own all land or access rights on both sides of such street, highway, park, parkway or alley, it may, within the limits where it has ownership or access rights on both sides, notwithstanding any other provisions of law, vacate and close such public way by resolution of the governing body of the county, city, village or town acquiring it and no damages shall be assessed against such county, city, village or town by reason of such closing, except as may be allowed in a particular condemnation action where the lands or rights in lands necessary for such airport or spaceport are so acquired. If such closing shall leave any part of such street, highway, parkway or alley without access to another public street or highway, the county, town, city or village effecting such closing shall immediately provide such access at its expense.
History:  1977 c. 29 s. 1654 (8) (a); 2005 a. 335.