reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities › § 46.2-1246. Towing of unauthorized vehicles

A. The owner or duly authorized agent of the owner of a parking space properly designated and clearly marked as reserved for use by persons with disabilities that limit or impair their ability to walk may have any vehicle not displaying disabled parking license plates, organizational removable windshield placards, permanent removable windshield placards, temporary removable windshield placards, or DV disabled parking license plates removed from the parking space and stored.
B. The owner of a vehicle which has been removed and stored may regain possession of his vehicle on payment to the person or persons who removed and stored the vehicle all reasonable costs incidental to the removal and storage. The owner of the vehicle, on notice to the owner or duly authorized agent of the owner of the parking space, may also petition the general district court having jurisdiction over the location where the parking occurred for an immediate determination as to whether the removal of the vehicle was lawful. If the court finds that the removal was unlawful, the court shall direct the owner of the parking space to pay the costs incidental to the removal and storage of the vehicle and return the vehicle to its owner.
1997, cc. 783, 904.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities › § 46.2-1247. Counterfeiting disabled parking license plates or placards; penalty

A. Any person who creates a counterfeit or unauthorized replica of a disabled parking license plate, DV disabled parking license plate which has been issued under subsection B of § 46.2-739, organizational removable windshield placard, permanent removable windshield placard, or temporary removable windshield placard, shall be guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor.
B. The local governing body of any county, city, or town may by ordinance incorporate this provision by reference.
1997, cc. 783, 904.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities › § 46.2-1248. Use of counterfeit disabled parking license plates or placards; penalty

A. Any person who displays a counterfeit or unauthorized replica of a disabled parking license plate, DV disabled parking license plate which has been issued under subsection B of § 46.2-739, organizational removable windshield placard, permanent removable windshield placard, or temporary removable windshield placard and parks in a disabled parking space or attempts to use the parking privileges afforded by § 46.2-1245, shall be guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor.
B. The local governing body of any county, city, or town may by ordinance incorporate this provision by reference.
1997, cc. 783, 904.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities › § 46.2-1249. Alteration of disabled parking license plates or placards; penalty

A. Any person who alters a disabled parking license plate, DV disabled parking license plate which has been issued under subsection B of § 46.2-739, organizational removable windshield placard, permanent removable windshield placard, or temporary removable windshield placard shall be guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor.
B. The local governing body of any county, city, or town may by ordinance incorporate this provision by reference.
1997, cc. 783, 904.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities › § 46.2-1250. Unauthorized use of disabled parking license plates or placards; penalty

A. Any person who parks in a space reserved for persons with disabilities that limit or impair their ability to walk or attempts to use the parking privileges afforded by § 46.2-1245 and displays a disabled parking license plate, DV disabled parking license plate which has been issued under subsection B of § 46.2-739, organizational removable windshield placard, permanent removable windshield placard, or temporary removable windshield placard which has been issued to another person, and is not transporting a person with a disability which limits or impairs his ability to walk, shall be guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor.
B. The local governing body of any county, city, or town may by ordinance incorporate this provision by reference.
1997, cc. 783, 904.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities › § 46.2-1251. Fraudulently obtaining a disabled parking license plate or placard; penalty

A. Any person who makes a false statement of material fact to obtain or assist an individual in obtaining a disabled parking license plate, DV disabled parking license plate which has been issued under subsection B of § 46.2-739, organizational removable windshield placard, permanent removable windshield placard, or temporary removable windshield placard shall be guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor.
B. The local governing body of any county, city, or town may by ordinance incorporate this provision by reference.
1997, cc. 783, 904.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities › § 46.2-1252. Selling or exchanging a disabled parking license plate or placard; penalty

A. Any person who sells or exchanges for consideration any valid, altered, or counterfeit disabled parking license plate, DV disabled parking license plate which has been issued under subsection B of § 46.2-739, organizational removable windshield placard, permanent removable windshield placard, or temporary removable windshield placard shall be guilty of a Class 2 misdemeanor.
B. The local governing body of any county, city, or town may by ordinance incorporate this provision by reference.
1997, cc. 783, 904.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities › § 46.2-1253. Providing a disabled parking license plate or placard; penalty

A. Any person who knowingly provides to another person, without sale or exchange of consideration, any valid, altered, or counterfeit disabled parking license plate, DV disabled parking license plate which has been issued under subsection B of § 46.2-739, permanent removable windshield placard, temporary removable windshield placard, or organizational removable windshield placard, shall be guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor.
B. The local governing body of any county, city, or town may by ordinance incorporate this provision by reference.
1997, cc. 783, 904.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities › § 46.2-1254. Photo identification

Any law-enforcement officer or private security guard acting pursuant to § 46.2-1243 may request to examine the driver's license, state identification card, or other form of photo identification of any person using disabled parking privileges afforded by this chapter.
1997, cc. 783, 904.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities › § 46.2-1255. Confiscation of disabled parking placards

A. Any law-enforcement officer or private security guard acting pursuant to § 46.2-1243 who issues a summons to or arrests an individual for any violation of §§ 46.2-1247 through 46.2-1249 and §§ 46.2-1251 through 46.2-1253 may confiscate the defendant's permanent, temporary, or organizational removable windshield placard and shall notify, by mail or facsimile, the Department of Motor Vehicles of such confiscation and the number of the placard involved.
B. After receiving notice specified in subsection A of this section, the Department may prohibit the issuance of any form of disabled parking license plate or placard to the defendant until the defendant's charge under §§ 46.2-1247 through 46.2-1249 and §§ 46.2-1251 through 46.2-1253 reaches final disposition, including appeals.
C. Upon the defendant's acquittal for any violation of §§ 46.2-1247 through 46.2-1249 and §§ 46.2-1251 through 46.2-1253, the law-enforcement officer or private security guard shall return the confiscated placard to the defendant and the court shall notify the Department of such acquittal by electronic or other means. Upon the defendant's conviction for any violation of §§ 46.2-1247 through 46.2-1249 and §§ 46.2-1251 through 46.2-1253, the law-enforcement officer or private security guard shall send the confiscated placard to the Department and the court shall notify the Department pursuant to § 46.2-1256.
1997, cc. 783, 904.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities › § 46.2-1256. Notice of convictions; revocation of disabled parking placards and license plates

A. Upon the entry of a conviction under §§ 46.2-1247 through 46.2-1253, or under any ordinance which incorporates any of those sections by reference, the court shall send notice of the conviction and the number of the license plate or placard involved to the Commissioner. Such notice may be transmitted by electronic means.
B. Upon receiving notice pursuant to subsection A of this section, the Commissioner may revoke any disabled parking license plate, DV disabled parking license plate, organizational, permanent, or temporary placard of an individual or organization found guilty under §§ 46.2-1247 through 46.2-1253 if he finds, after a hearing if requested by the person to whom the license plate or placard is issued, that such person (i) is not a person with a disability that limits or impairs his ability to walk and is not otherwise eligible to be issued a license plate or a placard pursuant to §§ 46.2-731, 46.2-739, or § 46.2-1241, or (ii) is authorized to have such license plate or placard but has allowed the abuse or misuse of the privilege granted thereby so that revocation appears appropriate to remedy the abuse or misuse.
1997, cc. 783, 904.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities › § 46.2-1258. Reciprocity

Disabled parking license plates, permanent removable windshield placards, temporary removable windshield placards, and DV disabled parking license plates issued by other states and countries for the purpose of identifying vehicles permitted to use parking spaces reserved for persons with disabilities that limit or impair their ability to walk shall be accorded all rights and privileges accorded vehicles displaying such devices issued in Virginia.
1997, cc. 783, 904.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 12.1 - Parking for Persons with Disabilities › § 46.2-1259. Placard issuance; additional requirements

In developing and issuing organizational, permanent, and temporary removable windshield placards pursuant to the requirements of § 46.2-1240, the Commissioner shall, in consultation with representatives of law-enforcement and disability services boards, develop and issue placards that are (i) resistant to tampering, alteration, and counterfeiting, (ii) clear and legible, and (iii) protective of the privacy rights of the placard user to the extent the requirements of § 46.2-1240 allow.
1997, cc. 783, 904; 2010, c. 47.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 13 - Powers of Local Governments › § 46.2-1301. Designation of stop and yield right-of-way intersections

The governing body of any county, city, or town operating its own system of roads may by ordinance authorize the city or town manager or some other local officer to designate intersections, other than intersections at which one or more of the intersecting streets have been designated as a part of the primary state highway system in a town which has a population of less than 3,500, at which vehicles shall come to a full stop or yield the right-of-way. No such ordinance shall be violated if, at the time of the alleged violation the sign or marker placed in conformity with this section is missing or is defaced so that an ordinarily observant person under the same circumstances would not be aware of the existence of the regulation.
1958, c. 541, § 46.1-180.1; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 13 - Powers of Local Governments › § 46.2-1302. Regulation of operation of vehicles in snow, sleet, etc.; designation of play areas; penalties

The governing body of any county, city, or town may by ordinance regulate the operation of vehicles on the highways in such county, city, or town in the event of snow, sleet, hail, freezing rain, ice, water, flood, high wind, storm or the threat thereof. In addition to the general powers granted by this section, and any other provisions of this title notwithstanding, any such ordinance may:
1. Prohibit vehicles from parking or operating on designated highways;
2. Authorize the designation and posting of highways as snow routes and prohibit any person to obstruct or impede traffic on a highway designated and posted as a snow route through his failure to have the vehicle operated by him equipped with snow tires or chains;
3. Prohibit the abandoning of vehicles on designated highways;
4. Authorize the removal of vehicles that are stalled, stuck, parked, or abandoned on designated highways;
5. Authorize the storing of removed vehicles and the imposition of reasonable charges for removal and storage;
6. Authorize the designation of certain highways, or portions thereof, as play areas for sledding and similar recreational activities. No city or town shall be liable in any civil action or proceeding for damages resulting from any injury to the person or property of any person caused by an act or omission constituting simple or ordinary negligence on the part of any officer or agent of any such city or town in the designation or operation of any such play area. Every such city or town may be liable in damages for the gross or wanton negligence of any of its officers or agents in the operation of any such play area;
7. Authorize and regulate the operation of snowmobiles on or across streets and highways during periods of snow or ice or at the direction of any law-enforcement officer during an emergency;
8. Set fines for violations. Such fines may be in place of or in addition to the removal and storage of the vehicle and charges therefor, but no such fine shall exceed fifty dollars for each such offense.
1962, c. 431, § 46.1-180.2; 1980, c. 37; 1989, c. 727; 1997, c. 47.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 13 - Powers of Local Governments › § 46.2-1303. Issuance of permits to perform construction or repair work within right-of-way lines of public roadways

The governing body of any county, city, or town having jurisdiction over and responsibility for the construction and maintenance of public roadways within its boundaries may by ordinance authorize an officer or agency of such political subdivision to issue a permit prior to the performance by any person, firm, partnership or corporation of construction and repair work within the right-of-way lines of any public highways under the jurisdiction of the political subdivision. Such authority, however, shall not extend to any railroad crossings or to any highways under the jurisdiction of the Virginia Department of Transportation. Such ordinance may provide that:
1. No person, firm, partnership or corporation shall enter into any repair, alteration, construction, or reconstruction of any type whatever, other than emergency repairs to or maintenance of public utility facilities within the right-of-way lines of any public highway without first having obtained a permit for such work from the agency or officer designated by such ordinance.
2. Such permit may require the notification of all emergency services likely to be affected by such repair, alteration, construction or reconstruction; the types of traffic control devices necessary to properly warn the motoring public and provide for reinspection by the appropriate authority from time to time and at the conclusion of such repair, alteration, construction, or reconstruction.
3. The owner or owners of any such firm, partnership or corporation shall be subject to arrest for a violation of this section or his representative on the site, if the owner is not present.
4. The person, firm, partnership, or corporation requesting such permit shall be responsible for furnishing and maintaining the required traffic control devices in accord with the Virginia Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways.
5. The penalty for violation of such ordinance shall be a fine of not less than $25 nor more than $100 for the first offense and not less than $100 nor more than $500 for the second and subsequent offenses.
1972, c. 105, § 46.1-180.3; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 13 - Powers of Local Governments › § 46.2-1304. Local regulation of trucks and buses

The governing bodies of counties, cities, and towns may by ordinance, whenever in their judgment conditions so require:
1. Prohibit the use of trucks, except for the purpose of receiving loads or making deliveries on certain designated streets under their jurisdiction;
2. Restrict the use of trucks passing through the city or town to such street or streets under their jurisdiction as may be designated in such ordinance.
The Cities of Poquoson and Williamsburg may restrict the operation of nonscheduled buses, other than school buses, over designated streets under its jurisdiction.
Code 1950, § 46-206; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-181; 1968, c. 463; 1989, c. 727; 1998, cc. 547, 574; 2007, c. 813.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 13 - Powers of Local Governments › § 46.2-1304.1. Localities may regulate construction and parking of commercial motor vehicles used to transport municipal solid waste; penalty

The governing body of any county, city, or town may by ordinance provide that:
1. No commercial motor vehicle used to transport municipal solid waste shall be parked anywhere within the county, city, or town, except at locations zoned or otherwise authorized for such use by applicable ordinance, special exception, or variance;
2. Any such commercial motor vehicle found parked at a nonauthorized location may be towed or removed from that location as provided in § 46.2-1231; and
3. The cargo compartment of every commercial motor vehicle that is used to transport municipal solid waste shall be so constructed so as to prevent the escape of municipal solid waste therefrom. Such ordinances shall exclude from their provisions vehicles owned or operated by persons transporting municipal solid waste from their residences to a permitted transfer or disposal facility.
No such ordinance shall impose, for any violation of any of its provisions, a penalty greater than provided for a traffic infraction as provided in § 46.2-113. Any such penalty shall be in addition to any vehicle towing and storage charges.
For the purposes of this section, "municipal solid waste" shall have the meaning prescribed by the Virginia Waste Management Board by regulation (9VAC20-80-10).
For the purposes of this section and local ordinances adopted under this section, "commercial motor vehicle" shall have the meaning prescribed in § 46.2-341.4.
2001, c. 356.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 13 - Powers of Local Governments › § 46.2-1305. Regulation of vehicular and pedestrian traffic on roadways and parking areas in residential subdivisions

The governing body of any county, city, or town which has adopted ordinances under the provisions of Chapter 22 (§ 15.2-2200 et seq.) of Title 15.2, may require as a part of such land use regulations for residential subdivisions employing roadways and parking areas not in public ownership, the posting and maintenance of signs or other appropriate markings regulating the operation and parking of motor vehicles and pedestrian traffic, and may adopt ordinances applying the regulations to existing and future residential subdivisions.
1972, c. 471, § 46.1-181.2; 1989, c. 727; 2003, c. 418.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 13 - Powers of Local Governments › § 46.2-1307. Designation of private roads as highways for law-enforcement purposes

The governing body of any county, city, or town may adopt ordinances designating the private roads, within any residential development containing 100 or more lots or residential dwelling units, as highways for law-enforcement purposes. Such ordinance may also provide for certification of road signs and speed limits by private licensed professional engineers using criteria developed by the Commissioner of Highways, and, for law-enforcement purposes, such certification shall have the same effect as if certified by the Commissioner of Highways.
1979, c. 100, § 46.1-181.5; 1987, c. 152; 1989, c. 727; 2007, cc. 74, 187, 310.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 13 - Powers of Local Governments › § 46.2-1307.1. Designation of private roads as highways for law-enforcement purposes in certain counties

Notwithstanding the provisions of § 46.2-1307, the governing body of Warren County may adopt ordinances designating the private roads within any residential development containing 50 or more lots as highways for law-enforcement purposes, and the governing body of Greene County, upon receipt of a petition therefore by a majority of property owners within a residential development containing 25 or more lots, may adopt ordinances designating the private roads within any such development as highways for law-enforcement purposes. Such ordinance may also provide for certification of road signs and speed limits by private licensed professional engineers using criteria developed by the Commissioner of Highways, and for law-enforcement purposes, such certification shall have the same effect as if certified by the Commissioner of Highways.
2006, c. 870; 2007, c. 187; 2014, c. 90.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 13 - Powers of Local Governments › § 46.2-1308. Disposition of fines in traffic cases; failure or neglect to comply with section

In counties, cities, and towns whose governing bodies adopt the ordinances authorized by §§ 46.2-1300 and 46.2-1304, all fines imposed for violations of such ordinances shall be paid into the county, city or town treasury. Fees shall be disposed of according to law.
In all cases, however, in which the arrest is made or the summons is issued by an officer of the Department of State Police or of any other division of the state government, for violation of the motor vehicle laws of the Commonwealth, the person arrested or summoned shall be charged with and tried for a violation of some provision of this title and all fines and forfeitures collected upon convictions of any person so arrested or summoned shall be credited to the Literary Fund.
Willful failure, refusal or neglect to comply with this provision shall constitute a Class 4 misdemeanor and may be grounds for removal of the guilty person from office. Charges for dereliction of the duties here imposed shall be tried by the circuit court of the jurisdiction served by the officer charged with the violation.
Code 1950, § 46-199; 1952, c. 251; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-182; 1989, c. 727; 2012, c. 408.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 13 - Powers of Local Governments › § 46.2-1309. Officers may direct traffic; signals

Law-enforcement officers and uniformed school crossing guards may direct traffic by signals. Such signals other than by voice shall be as follows:
1. To stop traffic by hand. -- Stand with shoulders parallel to moving traffic. Raise arms forty-five degrees above shoulder with hand extended, palm towards moving traffic to be stopped.
2. To move traffic by hand. -- Stand with shoulders parallel to traffic to be moved. Extend right arm and hand full length at height of shoulders towards such traffic, fingers extended and joined, palm down. Bring hand sharply in direction traffic is to move. Repeat movement with left arm and hand to start traffic from opposite direction.
3. To stop and start traffic by whistle. -- One blast, moving traffic to stop; two blasts, traffic in opposite direction to move.
4. Emergency stop of traffic by whistle. -- Three or more short blasts, all traffic shall immediately clear the intersection and stop.
Such law-enforcement officers and uniformed school crossing guards may also use supplemental traffic direction devices, including but not limited to hand-held stop or go signs, in directing traffic as provided in this section.
Code 1950, §§ 46-201, 46-202; 1954, c. 380; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-183; 1966, c. 607; 1989, c. 727; 1995, c. 473.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 13 - Powers of Local Governments › § 46.2-1310. Authority to deputize persons to direct traffic in certain circumstances

The chief of police of any county, city, or town, or the sheriff of any county which does not have a chief of police, may deputize persons over the age of eighteen years for the limited purpose of directing traffic in accordance with § 46.2-1309 during periods of heavy traffic or congestion. Such persons shall first receive training as the chief of police or sheriff determines necessary to fully acquaint such persons with the techniques of traffic control. They shall not have arrest powers.
Any person who is deputized as provided in the foregoing provisions of this section, shall at all times while engaged in traffic control wear a distinctive uniform, safety vest, or a white reflectorized belt which crosses both the chest and back above the waist.
1973, c. 371, § 46.1-183.1; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 13 - Powers of Local Governments › § 46.2-1311. Applicability of county ordinances within towns

Any traffic ordinance adopted by the governing body of a county shall not apply within the limits of any town in which the traffic is regulated by town ordinances.
1958, c. 541, § 46.1-185; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 13 - Powers of Local Governments › § 46.2-1312. Size, design, and color of signs, signals, and markings erected by local authorities

Traffic signs and traffic signals and markings placed or erected by local authorities pursuant to this title shall conform in size, design, and color to those erected for the same purpose by the Department of Transportation.
1958, c. 541, § 46.1-187; 1964, c. 319; 1968, c. 146; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 13 - Powers of Local Governments › § 46.2-1313. Incorporation of provisions of this title, Article 9 (§ 16.1-278 et seq.) of Chapter 11 of Title 16.1 and Article 2 (§ 18.2-266 et seq.) of Chapter 7 of Title 18.2 in ordinances

Ordinances enacted by local authorities pursuant to this chapter may incorporate appropriate provisions of this title, of Article 9 (§ 16.1-278 et seq.) of Chapter 11 of Title 16.1, and of Article 2 (§ 18.2-266 et seq.) of Chapter 7 of Title 18.2 into such ordinances by reference. Nothing contained in this title shall require the readoption of ordinances heretofore validly adopted. Local authorities may adopt ordinances incorporating by reference the appropriate provisions of state law before the effective date of such state law; provided that such local ordinances do not become effective before the effective date of the state law. The provisions of this section are declaratory of existing law.
1958, c. 541, § 46.1-188; 1968, c. 243; 1972, c. 286; 1976, c. 396; 1989, c. 727; 1991, c. 224; 1993, c. 302; 1994, c. 264; 2000, c. 48.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 13 - Powers of Local Governments › § 46.2-1314. Traffic schools; requiring attendance by persons convicted of certain violations

The governing body of any county or city may by ordinance provide for the establishment of a traffic school in the locality, at which instruction concerning laws and ordinances for the regulation of vehicular traffic, safe operation of vehicles, and such other subjects as may be prescribed shall be given. The ordinance shall provide for the supervision of the school, the days and hours of its operation, and its personnel. In the discretion of the governing body, the ordinance establishing a traffic school may vest the direction and conduct of the school in the general district court charged with hearing traffic cases.
The governing body of any county or city may, alternatively, by ordinance provide for the designation of an existing traffic school or course operated as part of a county or city adult education program as a traffic school for the purposes of this section.
Any court in a county or city which provides for a traffic school under this section may require any person found guilty of a violation of any provision of Chapter 8 (§ 46.2-800 et seq.) of this title or local ordinance governing the operation of motor vehicles to attend a traffic school in the county or city where the person is a resident or any traffic school that has been established in any jurisdiction contiguous to the county or city of residence of the convicted violator for a period specified in the order requiring the attendance if the governing body of that contiguous jurisdiction consents thereto. The requirement for attendance may be in lieu of or in addition to the penalties prescribed by § 46.2-113 or any such ordinance. Failure to comply with the order of the court shall be punishable as contempt.
1964, c. 267, § 46.1-16.1; 1968, c. 47; 1973, c. 389; 1989, c. 727; 1993, c. 72.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 13 - Powers of Local Governments › § 46.2-1315. Powers of localities to regulate use of motorized skateboards or scooters, bicycles, or electric power-assisted bicycles for hire

A. Any county, city, town, or political subdivision may (i) by ordinance regulate or (ii) by any governing body action or administrative action establish a demonstration project or pilot program regulating the operation of motorized skateboards or scooters, bicycles, or electric power-assisted bicycles for hire, provided that such regulation or other governing body or administrative action is consistent with this title. Such ordinance or other governing body or administrative action may require persons offering motorized skateboards or scooters, bicycles, or electric power-assisted bicycles for hire to be licensed, provided that on or after October 1, 2020, in the absence of any licensing ordinance, regulation, or other action, a person may offer motorized skateboards or scooters, bicycles, or electric power-assisted bicycles for hire.
B. The provisions of this section shall not be construed to limit the authority of any locality (i) as authorized by any other provision of law or (ii) to first enact, revise, or amend any ordinance or action created pursuant to subsection A prior to or subsequent to a person offering motorized skateboards or scooters, bicycles, or electric power-assisted bicycles for hire in the locality.
C. Any person who offers motorized skateboards or scooters, bicycles, or electric power-assisted bicycles for hire in any locality that has not enacted any licensing ordinance, regulation, or other action regulating such business on or after January 1, 2020, and prior to March 27, 2020, may continue to operate in such locality and shall be subject to any subsequent regulations.
2019, c. 780; 2020, c. 478.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 14 - Ridesharing › § 46.2-1400. "Ridesharing arrangement" defined

"Ridesharing arrangement" means the transportation of persons in a motor vehicle when such transportation is incidental to the principal purpose of the driver, which is to reach a destination and not to transport persons for profit. The term includes ridesharing arrangements known as carpools, vanpools, and bus pools. "Ridesharing arrangement" does not include a prearranged ride as defined in § 46.2-2000.
1981, c. 218, § 46.1-556; 1989, c. 727; 2015, cc. 2, 3.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 14 - Ridesharing › § 46.2-1401. Motor carrier laws do not apply

The following laws and regulations of the Commonwealth shall not apply to any ridesharing arrangement using a motor vehicle with a seating capacity for not more than fifteen persons, including the driver:
1. Laws and regulations containing insurance requirements that are specifically applicable to motor carriers or commercial vehicles;
2. Laws imposing a greater standard of care on motor carriers or commercial vehicles than that imposed on other drivers or owners of motor vehicles;
3. Laws and regulations with equipment requirements and special accident reporting requirements that are specifically applicable to motor carriers or commercial vehicles; and
4. Laws imposing a tax on fuel purchased in another state by a motor carrier or road user taxes on commercial buses.
1981, c. 218, § 46.1-557; 1989, c. 727; 2002, c. 337.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 14 - Ridesharing › § 46.2-1402. Workers' compensation law does not apply

Title 65.2, providing compensation for workers injured during the course of their employment, shall not apply to a person injured while participating in a ridesharing arrangement between his place of residence and place of employment or termini near such places; however, if the employer owns, leases, or contracts for the motor vehicle used in such arrangement, Title 65.2 shall apply.
1981, c. 218, § 46.1-558; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 14 - Ridesharing › § 46.2-1403. Liability of employer

An employer shall not be liable for injuries to passengers and other persons resulting from the operation or use of a motor vehicle, not owned, leased or contracted for by the employer, in a ridesharing arrangement.
An employer shall not be liable for injuries to passengers and other persons because he provides information or incentives or otherwise encourages his employees to participate in ridesharing arrangements.
1981, c. 218, § 46.1-559; 1989, c. 727.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 14 - Ridesharing › § 46.2-1404. Ridesharing payments or transit reduced fares are not income

Money and other benefits, other than salary, received by a driver in a ridesharing arrangement using a motor vehicle with a seating capacity for not more than fifteen persons, including the driver, shall not constitute income for the purpose of Chapter 3 (§ 58.1-300 et seq.) of Title 58.1 imposing taxes on income. Regular payments by riders toward a capital recovery fund not exceeding the cost of the vehicle or used to pay for leasing the vehicle shall be considered reimbursement for eligible expenses of operation. Neither shall the difference in the amount between discount and full transit fares constitute income for the purpose of Chapter 3 of Title 58.1 imposing taxes on income.
1981, c. 218, § 46.1-560; 1989, c. 727; 2002, c. 337.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 14 - Ridesharing › § 46.2-1405. Municipal licenses and taxes

No county, city, or town may impose a tax on or require a license, including business licenses or gross receipts taxes, for a ridesharing arrangement using a motor vehicle with a seating capacity for not more than fifteen persons, including the driver.
1981, c. 218, § 46.1-561; 1989, c. 727; 2002, c. 337.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 14 - Ridesharing › § 46.2-1407. Certain ridesharing vehicles are not commercial vehicles or buses

A motor vehicle used in a ridesharing arrangement that has a seating capacity for not more than fifteen persons, including the driver, shall not be a "bus" under those portions of this title relating to equipment requirements or rules of the road.
A motor vehicle used in a ridesharing arrangement that has a seating capacity for not more than fifteen persons, including the driver, shall not be a "bus" or "commercial vehicle" under the portions of this title relating to registration.
1981, c. 218, § 46.1-563; 1989, cc. 705, 727; 2002, c. 337.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 14.1 - Peer-To-Peer Vehicle Sharing › § 46.2-1408. Definitions

As used in this chapter, unless the context requires a different meaning:
"Peer-to-peer vehicle sharing" means the authorized use of a shared vehicle by a shared vehicle driver through a peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform.
"Peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform" means an online-enabled application, website, or system that connects vehicle owners with drivers to enable the sharing of peer-to-peer shared vehicles for financial consideration.
"Shared vehicle" means a motor vehicle that has been made available for sharing through a peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform. "Shared vehicle" does not include a daily rental vehicle as defined in § 58.1-1735.
"Shared vehicle driver" means an individual who has been authorized to operate a shared vehicle by the shared vehicle owner under a vehicle sharing platform agreement.
"Shared vehicle owner" means the registered owner, or a person or entity designated by the registered owner, of a vehicle made available for sharing to shared vehicle drivers through a peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform.
"Vehicle sharing delivery period" means the period of time beginning when the agent of a peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform takes custody of the shared vehicle and ending when the shared vehicle arrives at the location agreed upon in the governing vehicle sharing platform agreement.
"Vehicle sharing period" means the period of time that commences with the vehicle sharing delivery period or, if there is no vehicle sharing delivery period, that commences when the vehicle sharing start time occurs and ends at the vehicle sharing termination time.
"Vehicle sharing platform agreement" means the terms and conditions applicable to a shared vehicle owner and a shared vehicle driver that govern the use of a shared vehicle through a peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform.
"Vehicle sharing start time" means the time when the shared vehicle becomes subject to the control of the shared vehicle driver at or after the sharing of a shared vehicle is scheduled to begin as documented in the records of a peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform.
"Vehicle sharing termination time" means the earliest of the following events:
1. When the shared vehicle is delivered to the location agreed upon in the vehicle sharing platform agreement on or after the expiration of the agreed-upon period of time established for the use of a shared vehicle according to the terms of the vehicle sharing platform agreement;
2. When the shared vehicle is returned to a location as alternatively agreed upon by the shared vehicle owner and shared vehicle driver within the agreed-upon period of time as communicated through a peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform; or
3. When the shared vehicle owner, or the shared vehicle owner's authorized designee, takes possession and control of the shared vehicle.
2020, c. 1266.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 14.1 - Peer-To-Peer Vehicle Sharing › § 46.2-1410. Exemption: vicarious liability

A peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform and a shared vehicle owner shall be exempt from vicarious liability under any law that imposes liability solely based on vehicle ownership for any offense that occurs during a vehicle sharing period.
2020, c. 1266.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 14.1 - Peer-To-Peer Vehicle Sharing › § 46.2-1411. Notification of implications of lien

At the time when a vehicle owner registers as a shared vehicle owner on a peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform and prior to when the shared vehicle owner makes a shared vehicle available for vehicle sharing on the peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform, the peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform shall notify the shared vehicle owner that, if the shared vehicle has a lien against it, the use of the shared vehicle through a peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform, including use without physical damage coverage, may violate the terms of the contract with the lienholder.
2020, c. 1266.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 14.1 - Peer-To-Peer Vehicle Sharing › § 46.2-1412. Insurable interest

A. Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, a peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform shall have an insurable interest in a shared vehicle during the vehicle sharing period.
B. A peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform may own and maintain as the named insured one or more policies of motor vehicle liability insurance that provides coverage for:
1. Liabilities assumed by the peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform under a vehicle sharing platform agreement;
2. Any liability of the shared vehicle owner;
3. Damage or loss to the shared vehicle; or
4. Any liability of the shared vehicle driver.
2020, c. 1266.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 14.1 - Peer-To-Peer Vehicle Sharing › § 46.2-1413. Recordkeeping: use of vehicle in vehicle sharing

A peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform shall collect and verify records pertaining to the use of a shared vehicle, including a record of the identity of the shared vehicle driver, times used, locations established pursuant to the vehicle sharing platform agreement, fees paid by the shared vehicle driver, and revenues received by the shared vehicle owner, and provide such records upon request to the shared vehicle owner, the shared vehicle owner's insurer, or the shared vehicle driver's insurer to facilitate a claim coverage investigation, settlement, negotiation, or litigation. The peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform shall retain the records for at least five years.
2020, c. 1266.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 14.1 - Peer-To-Peer Vehicle Sharing › § 46.2-1414. Consumer protections; disclosures

Each vehicle sharing platform agreement shall disclose to the shared vehicle owner and the shared vehicle driver:
1. Any right of the peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform to seek indemnification from the shared vehicle owner or the shared vehicle driver for economic loss sustained by the peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform resulting from a breach of terms and conditions of the vehicle sharing platform agreement;
2. That a motor vehicle liability insurance policy provided by the peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform to the shared vehicle owner for the shared vehicle or to the shared vehicle driver does not provide a defense or indemnification for any claim asserted by the peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform;
3. That the peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform's insurance coverage on the shared vehicle owner and the shared vehicle driver is in effect only during each vehicle sharing period and that for any use of the shared vehicle by the shared vehicle driver after the vehicle sharing termination time, the shared vehicle driver and the shared vehicle owner may not have insurance coverage;
4. The daily rate, fees, taxes, and, if applicable, any insurance or protection package costs that are charged to the shared vehicle owner or the shared vehicle driver;
5. That the shared vehicle owner's motor vehicle liability insurance may not provide coverage for a shared vehicle;
6. An emergency telephone number to personnel capable of fielding roadside assistance and other customer service inquiries;
7. That any financial responsibility requirements imposed on the shared vehicle driver as a condition of maintaining a driver's license remain in effect during the use of a shared vehicle;
8. That the use of the shared vehicle through a peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform without physical damage coverage may violate the terms of the contract with the lienholder; and
9. That there may not be physical damage coverage under the shared vehicle owner's policy. However, if the physical damage coverage is purchased from or provided by the peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform, no such disclosure is required.
2020, c. 1266.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 14.1 - Peer-To-Peer Vehicle Sharing › § 46.2-1415. Automobile safety recalls

A. When a vehicle owner registers as a shared vehicle owner on a peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform and prior to when the shared vehicle owner makes a shared vehicle available for vehicle sharing on the peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform, the peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform shall:
1. Verify that the shared vehicle does not have any safety recalls on the vehicle for which the repairs have not been made; and
2. Notify the shared vehicle owner of the requirements under subsection B.
B. 1. If the shared vehicle owner has received an actual notice of a safety recall on the vehicle, a shared vehicle owner may not make a vehicle available as a shared vehicle on a peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform until the safety recall repair has been made.
2. If a shared vehicle owner receives an actual notice of a safety recall on a shared vehicle while the shared vehicle is available on the peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform, the shared vehicle owner shall remove the shared vehicle from the peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform as soon as practicably possible after receiving the notice of the safety recall, and such vehicle shall remain off of the peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform until the safety recall repair has been made.
3. If a shared vehicle owner receives an actual notice of a safety recall during a vehicle sharing period, such owner shall, as soon as practicably possible after receiving the notice of the safety recall, notify the peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform about the safety recall so that the shared vehicle owner may address the safety recall repair.
2020, c. 1266.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 14.1 - Peer-To-Peer Vehicle Sharing › § 46.2-1416. Operation at airports

No peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform or shared vehicle owner shall conduct any peer-to-peer vehicle sharing on the property of any airport, unless such operation is authorized by the airport owner or operator and is in compliance with the rules and regulations of that airport. An airport may take action against a peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform or shared vehicle owner that violates any regulation of an airport owner or operator, including suspension or revocation of the peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform's authority to operate.
2020, c. 1266.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 14.1 - Peer-To-Peer Vehicle Sharing › § 46.2-1417. Responsibility for equipment

The peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform shall have sole responsibility for any equipment, such as a global positioning system (GPS), that is installed or placed in or on a shared vehicle to monitor or facilitate peer-to-peer vehicle sharing and shall agree to indemnify and hold harmless the shared vehicle owner for any damage to or theft of such system or equipment during a vehicle sharing period not caused by the shared vehicle owner. The peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform has the right to seek indemnity from the shared vehicle driver for any loss or damage to such system or equipment that occurs during the vehicle sharing period.
2020, c. 1266.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 14.1 - Peer-To-Peer Vehicle Sharing › § 46.2-1418. No limitation on other authority

The requirements imposed on shared vehicle owners and peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platforms shall not limit any other state or local taxing, zoning, or other regulatory authority from applying any measure applicable to any other business on a shared vehicle owner or peer-to-peer vehicle sharing platform.
2020, c. 1266.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 46.2 - Motor Vehicles › Chapter 15 - Motor Vehicle Dealers › § 46.2-1501. General powers of Commissioner

The Commissioner shall promote the interest of the retail buyers of motor vehicles and endeavor to prevent unfair methods of competition and unfair or deceptive acts or practices.
Code 1950, § 46-504; 1958, c. 541, § 46.1-517; 1988, c. 865; 1989, c. 727.