reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 5D. Open Container Laws › §17C-5D-3. Possession of an Open Alcoholic Beverage Container in the Passenger Area of a Motor Vehicle; Exceptions; Penalties

(a) It is unlawful for the operator or a passenger of a motor vehicle to consume any alcoholic beverage in the passenger area of a motor vehicle located on a public highway or right-of-way of a public highway in this state, whether the vehicle is in motion or at rest.
(b) It is unlawful for the operator or a passenger of a motor vehicle to knowingly possess any open alcoholic beverage container in the passenger area of any motor vehicle that is located on a public highway or right-of-way of a public highway in this state, whether the vehicle is in motion or at rest. Possession by a person of one or more open containers in a single criminal occurrence is a single offense.
(c) The provisions of this section are not applicable to a passenger:
(1) In the passenger area of a motor vehicle designed, maintained or used primarily for the transportation of persons for compensation including, but not limited to, a bus, taxicab or limousine; or
(2) In the living quarters of a motorized or nonmotorized house coach, house trailer, motor home or self-contained camper.
(d) A person who violates the provisions of subsection (a) or (b) of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than $50 nor more than $100.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 5D. Open Container Laws › §17C-5D-4. Procedure on Arrest

If a person is arrested for an offense under the provisions of this article, unless the provisions of section three, article nineteen of this chapter require that the person arrested be taken immediately before a magistrate for an offense described in that section, the provisions of article nineteen of this chapter regarding the issuance of a traffic citation containing a notice to appear applies.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 6. Speed Restrictions › §17C-6-2. Establishment of State Speed Zones

Whenever the state road commissioner shall determine upon the basis of an engineering and traffic investigation that any speed limit set forth in this article is greater or less than is reasonable or safe under the conditions found to exist at any intersection or other place or upon any part of a highway, said commissioner may determine and declare a reasonable and safe speed limit thereat which shall be effective at all times or during hours of daylight or darkness or at such other times as may be determined when appropriate signs giving notice thereof are erected at such intersection or other place or part of the highway.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 6. Speed Restrictions › §17C-6-3a. Minimum Speed Regulations; Penalty

(a) No person shall drive a motor vehicle at such a slow speed as to impede the normal and reasonable movement of traffic except when reduced speed is necessary for safe operation or in compliance with law.
(b) Whenever the commissioner or local authorities within their respective jurisdiction determine on the basis of an engineering and traffic investigation that slow speeds on any part of the highway consistently impede the normal and reasonable movement of traffic, the commissioner or such local authority may determine and declare a minimum speed limit below which no person shall drive a vehicle except when necessary for safe operation or in compliance with law.
(c) Any person who violates the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $100; upon a second conviction within one year thereafter, shall be fined not more than $200; and upon a third or subsequent conviction within two years thereafter, shall be fined not more than $500.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 6. Speed Restrictions › §17C-6-4. Special Speed Limitations on Vehicles Not Designed for Carrying Passengers and Equipped With Pneumatic Tires

Subject to all other speed restrictions of this chapter no person shall drive a vehicle not designed for carrying passengers and equipped with pneumatic tires at a speed in excess of:
(1) Twenty miles per hour in any business district;
(2) Twenty-five miles per hour in any residence district;
(3) Forty miles per hour on open country highway;
(4) Trucks licensed at eight thousand pounds gross vehicle weight or less shall be permitted the same speed as passenger cars.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 6. Speed Restrictions › §17C-6-5. Special Speed Limitations; Penalty

(a) No person shall drive any vehicle equipped with other than pneumatic tires at a speed greater than a maximum of ten miles per hour.
(b) No person shall drive a vehicle over any bridge or other elevated structure constituting a part of a highway at a speed which is greater than the maximum speed which can be maintained with safety to such bridge or structure, when such structure is signposted as provided in this section.
(c) The commissioner of highways upon request from any local authority shall, or upon its own initiative may, conduct an investigation of any bridge or other elevated structure constituting a part of a highway, and if it shall thereupon find that such structure cannot with safety to itself withstand vehicles traveling at the speed otherwise permissible under this chapter, the commissioner shall determine and declare the maximum speed of vehicles which such structure can withstand, and shall cause or permit suitable signs stating such maximum speed to be erected and maintained at a distance of one hundred feet before each end of such structure.
(d) Upon the trial of any person charged with a violation of this section, proof of said determination of the maximum speed by said commissioner and the existence of said signs shall constitute conclusive evidence of the maximum speed which can be maintained with safety to such bridge or structure.
(e) Any person violating the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $100; upon a second conviction within one year thereafter, shall be fined not more than $200; and upon a third or subsequent conviction, shall be fined not more than $500.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 6. Speed Restrictions › §17C-6-6. Charging Violations; Rule in Civil Actions

(a) In every charge of violation of any speed regulations in this chapter the complaint, also the summons or notice to appear, shall specify the speed at which the defendant is alleged to have driven, also the speed applicable within the district or at the location and in the event charge shall also be made of violation of any other provision of this chapter, the complaint and the summons or notice to appear shall also specify such other offense alleged to have been committed.
(b) The provision of this chapter declaring speed limitations shall not be construed to relieve the plaintiff in any civil action from the burden of proving negligence on the part of the defendant as the proximate cause of an accident.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 6. Speed Restrictions › §17C-6-7. Prima Facie Evidence of Speed by Devices Employing Microwaves or Reflected Light; Placing of Signs Relative to Radar or Laser

The speed of a motor vehicle may be proved by evidence obtained by use of any device designed to measure and indicate or record the speed of a moving object by means of microwaves or reflected light, when such evidence is obtained by members of the State Police, by police officers of incorporated municipalities in classes one, two and three, as defined in chapter eight-a of this code, by police officers of incorporated class four municipalities except upon controlled access or partially controlled access highways, and by the sheriff and his or her deputies. The evidence so obtained shall be accepted as prima facie evidence of the speed of the vehicle: Provided, That the evidence of speed is obtained and detected by a certified law enforcement officer who has completed training for speed measuring devices used to obtain the speed of the motor vehicle: Provided, however, That the Governor's Committee on Crime, Delinquency and Correction shall, on or before January 1, 2012, establish or certify an eight-hour training and certification program and standards for speed measuring device training that certified law enforcement officers who utilize speed measuring devices must complete or otherwise satisfy in order for any evidence of speed detected by a speed measuring device put forward by the officer to be accepted of prima facie evidence. All certified law enforcement officers must have completed or otherwise satisfied the requirements of this section prior to January 1, 2013.
In order to inform and educate the public generally that speed of motor vehicles operating within the state is being tested by radar or laser mechanisms, the Division of Highways shall locate and place suitable and informative stationary and movable signs at strategic points on and along highways in each county of the state giving notice to the public that such radar or laser mechanisms are in use.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 6. Speed Restrictions › §17C-6-7a. Prohibition of the Use of Traffic Law Photo-Monitoring Devices to Detect or Prove Traffic Law Violations

(a) As used in this section "traffic law photo-monitoring device" means an electronic system consisting of a photographic, video, or electronic camera and a means of sensing the presence of a motor vehicle that automatically produces photographs, videotape, or digital images of the vehicle, its operator, or its license plate.
(b) No police officer may utilize a traffic law photo-monitoring device to determine compliance with, or to detect a violation of, a municipal or county ordinance or any provision of this code that governs or regulates the operation of motor vehicles.
(c) A violation of a municipal or county ordinance or any provision of this code that governs or regulates the operation of motor vehicles may not be proved by evidence obtained by the use of a traffic law photo-monitoring device.
(d) The provisions of this section do not prohibit the use of any device designed to measure and indicate the speed of a moving object by means of microwaves or reflected light to obtain evidence to prove the speed of a motor vehicle pursuant to section seven of this article.
(e) The provisions of this section do not prohibit use of a traffic law photo-monitoring device for any other lawful purposes other than to obtain evidence to prove violations of municipal or county ordinances or any provision of this code governing or regulating the operation of motor vehicles.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 6. Speed Restrictions › §17C-6-9. Slow-Moving Vehicle Emblem

(a) All farm machinery and other machinery including all road construction machinery except when guarded by flagmen or flares, designed to operate at twenty-five miles per hour or less, traveling on a public highway during day or night shall display a triangular slow-moving emblem on the rear of the vehicle.
(b) The commissioner shall adopt standards and specifications for design and the position of mounting the slow- moving vehicle emblem, as well as requirements for certification of conformance. The requirements of such emblem shall be in addition to any lighting devices required by law.
(c) The use of this emblem shall be restricted to the use specified in subsection (a) and its use on any other type of vehicle or as a clearance marker on wide machinery or on stationary objects on the highway is prohibited.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 6. Speed Restrictions › §17C-6-11. Special Speed Limitations When Meeting or Overtaking Waste Service Vehicles; Penalty

(a) No person shall drive a motor vehicle and meet or overtake from either direction a stopped waste service vehicle at a speed in excess of fifteen miles per hour.
(b) For purposes of this section, "waste service vehicle" means any garbage collection vehicle, including a vehicle collecting recyclables or yard waste, which is used for curbside collection, makes frequent stops and is not fully automated.
(c) The speed limitation set forth in subsection (a) of this section applies only under the following circumstances:
(1) The waste service vehicle is identifiable as a waste service vehicle based on the vehicle configuration or markings on the vehicle;
(2) The waste service vehicle operator is giving a visual signal by means of a stationary sign to warn of the presence of workers or must use flashing lights as permitted in this code to caution other drivers; and
(3) The waste service vehicle is not located on a private driveway, controlled access highway, interstate highway, turnpike or road or highway with a center line and more than two lanes.
(d) Any person who violates the provisions of subsection (a) of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than $100 nor more than $300. If the person convicted of violating subsection (a) exceeded the speed limit by fifteen miles per hour or more or caused serious injury or death to a service vehicle worker, then the person shall be fined not less than $300 nor more than $1,000 or confined in jail for not more than one year, or both confined and fined.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 7. Driving on Right Side of Roadway, Overtaking and Passing, etc. › §17C-7-1. Driving on Right Side of Roadway; Exceptions; Penalty

(a) Upon all roadways of sufficient width a vehicle shall be driven upon the right half of the roadway, except as follows:
(1) When overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction under the rules governing such movement;
(2) When the right half of a roadway is closed to traffic while under construction or repair;
(3) Upon a roadway divided into three marked lanes for traffic under the rules applicable thereon; or
(4) Upon a roadway designated and signposted for one-way traffic.
(b) Upon all roadways any vehicle proceeding at less than the normal speed of traffic at the time and place and under the conditions then existing shall be driven in the right-hand lane then available for traffic, or as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway, except when overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction or when preparing for a left turn at an intersection or into a private road or driveway.
(c) Any person violating the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $100; upon a second conviction within one year thereafter, shall be fined not more than $200; and upon a third or subsequent conviction, shall be fined not more than $500.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 7. Driving on Right Side of Roadway, Overtaking and Passing, etc. › §17C-7-2. Passing Vehicles Proceeding in Opposite Directions; Penalty

(a) Drivers of vehicles proceeding in opposite directions shall pass each other to the right, and upon roadways having width for not more than one line of traffic in each direction each driver shall give to the other at least one half of the main-traveled portion of the roadway as nearly as possible.
(b) Any person violating the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $100; upon a second conviction within one year thereafter, shall be fined not more than $200; and upon a third or subsequent conviction, shall be fined not more than $500.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 7. Driving on Right Side of Roadway, Overtaking and Passing, etc. › §17C-7-3. Overtaking and Passing Vehicle or Bicycle Proceeding in Same Direction -- Passing on the Left Generally; Penalty

(a) The following rules govern the overtaking and passing of vehicles proceeding in the same direction subject to these limitations, exceptions, and special rules hereinafter stated:
(1) The driver of a vehicle overtaking another vehicle proceeding in the same direction shall give an audible signal and pass to the left of the overtaken vehicle at a safe distance and may not again drive to the right side of the roadway until safely clear of the overtaken vehicle.
(2) The driver of a vehicle overtaking a bicycle traveling in the same direction shall pass to the left of the bicycle at a distance of not less than three feet at a careful and reduced speed, and may not again drive to the right side of the roadway until safely clear of the overtaken bicycle.
(3) Except when overtaking and passing on the right is permitted, the driver of an overtaken vehicle shall give way to the right in favor of the overtaking vehicle on audible signal and may not increase the speed of his or her vehicle until completely passed by the overtaking vehicle.
(b) Any person violating the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $100; upon a second conviction within one year thereafter, shall be fined not more than $200; and upon a third or subsequent conviction, shall be fined not more than $500.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 7. Driving on Right Side of Roadway, Overtaking and Passing, etc. › §17C-7-4. Same -- When Overtaking on the Right Is Permitted

(a) The driver of a vehicle may overtake and pass upon the right of another vehicle only under the following conditions:
(1) When the vehicle overtaken is making or about to make a left turn;
(2) Upon a street or highway with unobstructed pavement not occupied by parked vehicles of sufficient width for two or more lines of moving vehicles in each direction;
(3) Upon a one-way street, or upon any roadway on which traffic is restricted to one direction of movement, where the roadway is free from obstructions and of sufficient width for two or more lines of moving vehicles.
(b) The driver of a vehicle may overtake and pass another vehicle upon the right only under conditions permitting such movement in safety. In no event shall such movement be made by driving off the pavement or main- traveled portion of the roadway.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 7. Driving on Right Side of Roadway, Overtaking and Passing, etc. › §17C-7-5. Same -- Limitations on Overtaking on the Left; Penalty

(a) No vehicle shall be driven to the left side of the center of the roadway in overtaking and passing another vehicle proceeding in the same direction unless such left side is clearly visible and is free of oncoming traffic for a sufficient distance ahead to permit such overtaking and passing to be completely made without interfering with the safe operation of any vehicle approaching from the opposite direction or any vehicle overtaken. In every event the overtaking vehicle must return to the right-hand side of the roadway before coming within one hundred feet of any vehicle approaching from the opposite direction.
(b) Any person violating the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $100; upon a second conviction within one year thereafter, shall be fined not more than $200; and upon a third or subsequent conviction, shall be fined not more than $500.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 7. Driving on Right Side of Roadway, Overtaking and Passing, etc. › §17C-7-6. Same -- Further Limitations on Driving to Left of Center of Roadway; Penalty

(a) No vehicle shall at any time be driven to the left side of the roadway under the following conditions:
(1) When approaching the crest of a grade or upon a curve in the highway where the driver's view is obstructed within such distance as to create a hazard in the event another vehicle might approach from the opposite direction;
(2) When approaching within one hundred feet of or traversing any intersection or railroad grade crossing;
(3) When the view is obstructed upon approaching within one hundred feet of any bridge, viaduct, or tunnel.
(b) The foregoing limitations shall not apply upon a one-way roadway.
(c) Any person violating the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $100; upon a second conviction within one year thereafter, shall be fined not more than $200; and upon a third or subsequent conviction, shall be fined not more than $200.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 7. Driving on Right Side of Roadway, Overtaking and Passing, etc. › §17C-7-7. Same -- No-Passing Zones; Penalty

(a) The commissioner of highways is hereby authorized to determine those portions of any highway where overtaking and passing or driving to the left of the roadway would be especially hazardous and may by appropriate signs or markings on the roadway indicate the beginning and end of such zones and when such signs or markings are in place and clearly visible to an ordinarily observant person every driver of a vehicle shall obey the directions thereof.
(b) Any person violating the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $100; upon a second conviction within one year thereafter, shall be fined not more than $200; and upon a third or subsequent conviction, shall be fined not more than $500.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 7. Driving on Right Side of Roadway, Overtaking and Passing, etc. › §17C-7-8. One-Way Roadways and Rotary Traffic Islands; Penalty

(a) The commissioner of highways may designate any highway or any separate roadway under its jurisdiction for one-way traffic and shall erect appropriate signs giving notice thereof.
(b) Upon a roadway designated and signposted for one-way traffic a vehicle shall be driven only in the direction designated.
(c) A vehicle passing around a rotary traffic island shall be driven only to the right of such island.
(d) Any person violating the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $100; upon a second conviction within one year thereafter, shall be fined not more than $200; and upon a third or subsequent conviction, shall be fined not more than $500.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 7. Driving on Right Side of Roadway, Overtaking and Passing, etc. › §17C-7-9. Driving on Roadways Laned for Traffic; Penalty

(a) Whenever any roadway has been divided into two or more clearly marked lanes for traffic the following rules in addition to all others consistent herewith shall apply:
(1) A vehicle shall be driven as nearly as practicable entirely within a single lane and shall not be moved from such lane until the driver has first ascertained that such movement can be made with safety.
(2) Upon a roadway which is divided into three lanes a vehicle shall not be driven in the center lane which is clearly marked as a left turn lane except in preparation for a left turn or where such center lane is at the time allocated exclusively to traffic moving in the direction the vehicle is proceeding and is signposted to give notice of such allocation.
(3) Official signs may be erected directing slow-moving traffic to use a designated lane or designating those lanes to be used by traffic moving in a particular direction regardless of the center of the roadway and drivers of vehicles shall obey the directions of every such sign.
(b) Any person violating the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $100; upon a second conviction within one year thereafter, shall be fined not more than $200; and upon a third or subsequent conviction, shall be fined not more than $500.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 7. Driving on Right Side of Roadway, Overtaking and Passing, etc. › §17C-7-10. Following Too Closely

(a) The driver of a motor vehicle shall not follow another vehicle more closely than is reasonable and prudent having due regard for the speed of such vehicles and the traffic upon and the condition of the highway.
(b) It shall be unlawful for the operator of any motor truck, registered for a gross weight of more than eight thousand pounds, bus, special mobile equipment or any motor vehicle drawing another vehicle operating upon any roadway outside of a business or residence district, to follow within two hundred feet of another motor truck, bus, special mobile equipment or any motor vehicle drawing another vehicle: Provided, That this provision shall not be construed to (1) prevent overtaking and passing, (2) apply upon any lane specially designated for the use of motor trucks or combinations of vehicles, or within any section of a roadway posted or marked as a "no-passing zone," (3) apply to any convoy of vehicles of the military service of the United States or of this state and (4) apply to funeral processions.
(c) Motor vehicles being driven upon any roadway outside of a business or residence district in a caravan or motorcade whether or not towing other vehicles shall be so operated as to allow sufficient space between each such vehicle or combination of vehicles so as to enable any other vehicle to enter and occupy such space without danger. This provision shall not apply to (1) funeral processions; or (2) any convoy of vehicles of the military service of the United States or of this state.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 7. Driving on Right Side of Roadway, Overtaking and Passing, etc. › §17C-7-11. Driving on Divided Highways; Penalty

(a) Whenever any highway has been divided into two roadways by leaving an intervening space or by a physical barrier or clearly indicated dividing section so constructed as to impede vehicular traffic, every vehicle shall be driven only upon the right-hand roadway and no vehicle shall be driven over, across, or within any such dividing space, barrier, or section, except through an opening in such physical barrier or dividing section or space or at a crossover or intersection established by public authority.
(b) Any person violating the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than 100; upon a second conviction within one year thereafter, shall be fined not more than $200; and upon a third or subsequent conviction, shall be fined not more than $500.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 7. Driving on Right Side of Roadway, Overtaking and Passing, etc. › §17C-7-12. Controlled-Access Roadway -- Driving Onto or From; Penalty

(a) No person shall drive a vehicle onto or from any controlled-access roadway except at such entrances and exits as are established by public authority.
(b) Any person violating the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $100; upon a second conviction within one year thereafter, shall be fined not more than $200; and upon a third or subsequent conviction, shall be fined not more than $500.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 7. Driving on Right Side of Roadway, Overtaking and Passing, etc. › §17C-7-13. Restrictions on Use of Controlled-Access Roadway

The state road commission may by resolution or order entered in its minutes and local authorities may by ordinance with respect to any controlled-access roadway under their respective jurisdictions prohibit the use of any such roadway by pedestrians, bicycles, or other nonmotorized traffic or by any person operating a motor-driven cycle.
The state road commission or the local authority adopting any such prohibitory regulation shall erect and maintain official signs on the controlled-access roadway on which such regulations are applicable and when so erected no person shall disobey the restrictions stated on such signs.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 8. Turning and Starting and Signals on Stopping and Turning › §17C-8-2. Right Turns; Penalty

(a) Both the approach for a right turn and a right turn shall be made as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway.
(b) Any person violating the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $100; upon a second conviction within one year thereafter, shall be fined not more than $200; and upon a third or subsequent conviction, shall be fined not more than $500.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 8. Turning and Starting and Signals on Stopping and Turning › §17C-8-3. Left Turns on Two-Way Roadways; Penalty

(a) At any intersection where traffic is permitted to move in both directions on each roadway entering the intersection, an approach for a left turn shall be made in that portion of the right half of the roadway nearest the center line thereof and by passing to the right of such center line where it enters the intersection and after entering the intersection the left turn shall be made so as to leave the intersection to the right of the center line of the roadway being entered. Whenever practicable the left turn shall be made in that portion of the intersection to the left of the center of the intersection.
(b) Any person violating the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $100; upon a second conviction within one year thereafter, shall be fined not more than $200; and upon a third or subsequent conviction, shall be fined not more than $500.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 8. Turning and Starting and Signals on Stopping and Turning › §17C-8-4. Left Turns on Other Than Two-Way Roadways; Penalty

(a) At any intersection where traffic is restricted to one direction on one or more of the roadways, the driver of a vehicle intending to turn left at any such intersection shall approach the intersection in the extreme left-hand lane lawfully available to traffic moving in the direction of travel of such vehicle and after entering the intersection the left turn shall be made so as to leave the intersection, as nearly as practicable, in the left-hand lane lawfully available to traffic moving in such direction upon the roadway being entered.
(b) Any person violating the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $100; upon a second conviction within one year thereafter, shall be fined not more than $200; and upon a third or subsequent conviction, shall be fined not more than $500.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 8. Turning and Starting and Signals on Stopping and Turning › §17C-8-5. Local Authorities May Specify Different Course for Turns

Local authorities in their respective jurisdictions may cause markers, buttons, or signs to be placed within or adjacent to intersections and thereby require and direct that a different course from that specified in this article be traveled by vehicles turning at an intersection, and when markers, buttons or signs are so placed no driver of a vehicle shall turn a vehicle at an intersection other than as directed and required by such markers, buttons, or signs.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 8. Turning and Starting and Signals on Stopping and Turning › §17C-8-6. Turning on Curve or Crest of Grade Prohibited; Penalty

(a) No vehicle shall be turned so as to proceed in the opposite direction upon any curve, or upon the approach to, or near the crest of a grade, where such vehicle cannot be seen by the driver of any other vehicle approaching from either direction within five hundred feet.
(b) Any person violating the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $100; upon a second conviction within one year thereafter, shall be fined not more than $200; and upon a third or subsequent conviction, shall be fined not more than $500.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 8. Turning and Starting and Signals on Stopping and Turning › §17C-8-8. Turning Movements and Required Signals; Penalty

(a) No person shall turn a vehicle at an intersection unless the vehicle is in proper position upon the roadway as required in sections two, three, four or five of this article, or turn a vehicle to enter a private road or driveway or otherwise turn a vehicle from a direct course or move right or left upon a roadway unless and until such movement can be made with reasonable safety. No person shall so turn any vehicle without giving an appropriate signal in the manner hereinafter provided in the event any other traffic may be affected by such movement.
(b) A signal of intention to turn right or left when required shall be given continuously during not less than the last one hundred feet traveled by the vehicle before turning.
(c) No person shall stop or suddenly decrease the speed of a vehicle without first giving an appropriate signal in the manner provided herein to the driver of any vehicle immediately to the rear when there is opportunity to give such signal.
(d) Any person violating the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $100; upon a second conviction within one year thereafter, shall be fined not more than $200; and upon a third or subsequent conviction, shall be fined not more than $500.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 8. Turning and Starting and Signals on Stopping and Turning › §17C-8-9. Signals to Be Given by Hand and Arm or Signal Device

Any stop or turn signal when required herein shall be given either by means of the hand and arm or by a signal lamp or lamps or mechanical signal device, but when a vehicle is so constructed or loaded that hand-and-arm signal would not be visible both to the front and rear of such vehicle then said signals must be given by such a lamp or lamps or signal device.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 8. Turning and Starting and Signals on Stopping and Turning › §17C-8-10. Method of Giving Hand-and-Arm Signals

All signals herein required given by hand and arm shall be given from the left side of the vehicle in the following manner and such signals shall indicate as follows:
(1) Left turn. -- Hand and arm extended horizontally.
(2) Right turn. -- Hand and arm extended upward.
(3) Stop or decrease speed. -- Hand and arm extended downward.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 9. Right-of-Way › §17C-9-1. Vehicle Approaching or Entering Intersection

(a) The driver of a vehicle approaching an intersection shall yield the right-of-way to a vehicle which has entered the intersection from a different highway.
(b) When two vehicles enter an intersection from a different highway at approximately the same time the driver of the vehicle on the left shall yield the right-of-way to the vehicle on the right.
(c) The right-of-way rules declared in subsections (a) and (b) are modified at through highways and otherwise as hereinafter stated in this article.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 9. Right-of-Way › §17C-9-2. Vehicle Turning Left at Intersection

The driver of a vehicle within an intersection intending to turn to the left shall yield the right-of-way to any vehicle approaching from the opposite direction which is within the intersection or so close thereto as to constitute an immediate hazard, but said driver, having so yielded and having given a signal when and as required by this chapter, may make such left turn and the drivers of all other vehicles approaching the intersection from said opposite direction shall yield the right- of-way to the vehicles making the left turn.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 9. Right-of-Way › §17C-9-3. Vehicle Entering Through Highway or Stop Intersections

(a) The driver of a vehicle shall stop as required by section five, article twelve of this chapter at the entrance to a through highway and shall yield the right-of-way to other vehicles which have entered the intersection from said through highways or which are approaching so closely on said through highway as to constitute an immediate hazard, but said driver having so yielded may proceed.
(b) The driver of a vehicle shall likewise stop in obedience to a stop sign as required herein at an intersection where a stop sign is erected at one or more entrances thereto although not a part of a through highway and shall proceed cautiously, yielding to vehicles not so obliged to stop which are within the intersection or approaching so closely as to constitute an immediate hazard, but may then proceed.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 9. Right-of-Way › §17C-9-5. Operation of Vehicles and Streetcars on Approach of Authorized Emergency Vehicles

(a) Upon the immediate approach of an authorized emergency vehicle equipped with at least one flashing lighted lamp of a color authorized by section twenty-six, article fifteen of this chapter, which is visible under normal atmospheric conditions from a distance of five hundred feet to the front of such vehicle other than a police vehicle when operated as an authorized emergency vehicle, and when the driver is giving audible signal by siren, exhaust whistle, or bell:
(1) The driver of every other vehicle shall yield the right- of-way and shall immediately drive to a position parallel to, and as close as possible to, the right-hand edge or curb of the roadway clear of any intersection and shall stop and remain in such position until the authorized emergency vehicle has passed, except when otherwise directed by a police officer.
(2) Upon the approach of an authorized emergency vehicle, as above stated, the motorman of every streetcar shall immediately stop such car clear of any intersection and keep it in such position until the authorized emergency vehicle has passed, except when otherwise directed by a police officer.
(b) This section shall not operate to relieve the driver of an authorized emergency vehicle from the duty to drive with due regard for the safety of all persons using the highway.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 9. Right-of-Way › §17C-9-6. Misdemeanor to Violate Provisions of Article; Penalty

Any person violating the provisions of this article is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $200; upon a second conviction within one year thereafter, shall be fined not more than $300; and upon a third or subsequent conviction, shall be fined not more than $1,000.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 10. Pedestrians' Rights and Duties › §17C-10-1. Pedestrians Subject to Traffic Regulations; Powers of Local Authorities

(a) Pedestrians shall be subject to traffic-control signals at intersections as provided in section five, article three of this chapter unless required by local ordinance to comply strictly with such signals, but at all other places pedestrians shall be accorded the privileges and shall be subject to the restrictions stated in this article.
(b) Local authorities are hereby empowered by ordinance to require that pedestrians shall strictly comply with the directions of any official traffic-control signal and may by ordinance prohibit pedestrians from crossing any roadway in a business district or any designated highways except in a crosswalk.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 10. Pedestrians' Rights and Duties › §17C-10-2. Pedestrians' Right-of-Way in Crosswalks

(a) When traffic-control signals are not in place or not in operation the driver of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way, slowing down or stopping if need be to so yield, to a pedestrian crossing the roadway within a crosswalk when the pedestrian is upon the half of the roadway upon which the vehicle is traveling, or when the pedestrian is approaching so closely from the opposite half of the roadway as to be in danger, but no pedestrian shall suddenly leave a curb or other place of safety and walk or run into the path of a vehicle which is so close that it is impossible for the driver to yield. This provision shall not apply under the conditions stated in section three paragraph (b) of this article.
(b) Whenever any vehicle is stopped at a marked crosswalk or at any unmarked crosswalk at an intersection to permit a pedestrian to cross the roadway, the driver of any other vehicle approaching from the rear shall not overtake and pass such stopped vehicle.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 10. Pedestrians' Rights and Duties › §17C-10-3. Crossing at Other Than Crosswalks

(a) Every pedestrian crossing a roadway at any point other than within a marked crosswalk or within an unmarked crosswalk at an intersection shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles upon the roadway.
(b) Any pedestrian crossing a roadway at a point where a pedestrian tunnel or overhead pedestrian crossing has been provided shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles upon the roadway.
(c) Between adjacent intersections at which traffic-control signals are in operation pedestrians shall not cross at any place except in a marked crosswalk.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 10. Pedestrians' Rights and Duties › §17C-10-4. Drivers to Exercise Due Care

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this article every driver of a vehicle shall exercise due care to avoid colliding with any pedestrian upon any roadway and shall give warning by sounding the horn when necessary and shall exercise proper precaution upon observing any child or any confused or incapacitated person upon a roadway.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 10. Pedestrians' Rights and Duties › §17C-10-6. Pedestrians on Roadways; Soliciting Rides

(a) Where sidewalks are provided it shall be unlawful for any pedestrian to walk along and upon an adjacent roadway.
(b) Where sidewalks are not provided any pedestrian walking along and upon a highway shall when practicable walk only on the left side of the roadway or its shoulder facing traffic which may approach from the opposite direction.
(c) No person shall stand in a roadway for the purpose of soliciting a ride from the driver of any vehicle.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 10. Pedestrians' Rights and Duties › §17C-10-7. Penalty for Pedestrians Violating the Provisions of This Article

Any person violating the provisions of this article is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $100; upon a second conviction within one year thereafter, shall be fined not more than $200; and upon a third or subsequent conviction, shall be fined not more than $500.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 10A. Operation of Electric Personal Assistive Mobility Devices › §17C-10A-1. Definitions

For purposes of this article, the definition of an "electric personal assistive mobility device" is the same definition as previously set forth in section sixty-six, article one of this chapter, and "operator" shall refer to the operator of an electric personal assistive mobility device.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 10A. Operation of Electric Personal Assistive Mobility Devices › §17C-10A-2. Equipment Requirements and Operating Standards for Electric Personal Assistive Mobility Devices; Applicability of Motor Vehicle Code; Penalties

(a) An electric personal assistive mobility device shall be equipped with:
(1) Front, rear and side reflectors;
(2) A braking system that enables the operator to bring the device to a controlled stop; and
(3) If operated at any time from one-half hour after sunset to one-half hour before sunrise, a lamp that emits a white light that sufficiently illuminates the area in front of the device.
(b) An operator of an electric personal assistive mobility device traveling on a sidewalk, roadway or bicycle path shall have the rights and duties of a pedestrian and shall exercise due care to avoid colliding with pedestrians. An operator shall yield the right of way to pedestrians.
(c) Except as provided in this section, no other provisions of the motor vehicle code shall apply to electric personal assistive mobility devices.
(d) An operator who violates a provision of subsection (a) or (b) of this section shall receive a warning for the first offense. For a second or subsequent offense, the operator shall be punished by a fine of no less than $10 and no greater than $100.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 11. Operation of Bicycles and Play Vehicles › §17C-11-1. Obedience to Article; Duty of Parents and Guardians; Applicability of Article to Bicycles

(a) It is a misdemeanor for any person to do any act forbidden or fail to perform any act required in this article.
(b) The parent of any child and the guardian of any ward shall not authorize or knowingly permit any such child or ward to violate any of the provisions of this chapter.
(c) These regulations applicable to bicycles shall apply whenever a bicycle is operated upon any highway or upon any path set aside for the exclusive use of bicycles subject to those exceptions stated herein.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 11. Operation of Bicycles and Play Vehicles › §17C-11-2. Traffic Laws Apply to Persons Riding Bicycles

Every person riding a bicycle upon a roadway shall be granted all of the rights and shall be subject to all of the duties applicable to the driver of a vehicle by this chapter, except as to special regulations in this article and except as to those provisions of this chapter which by their nature can have no application.
2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 17C. Traffic Regulations and Laws of the Road › Article 11. Operation of Bicycles and Play Vehicles › §17C-11-3. Riding on Bicycle Seats; Carrying More Than One Person on Bicycle

(a) A person propelling a bicycle shall not ride other than upon or astride a permanent and regular seat attached thereto.
(b) No bicycle shall be used to carry more persons at one time than the number for which it is designed and equipped.