2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 33. Insurance › Article 1. Definitions › §33-1-10. Kinds of Insurance Defined

The following definitions of kinds of insurance are not mutually exclusive and, if reasonably adaptable thereto, a particular coverage may be included under one or more of such definitions:
(a) Life insurance. Life insurance is insurance on human lives including endowment benefits, additional benefits in the event of death or dismemberment by accident or accidental means, additional benefits for disability and annuities.
(b) Accident and sickness. Accident and sickness insurance is insurance against bodily injury, disability or death by accident or accidental means, or the expense thereof, or against disability or expense resulting from sickness and insurance relating thereto. Group credit accident and health insurance may also include loss of income insurance, which is insurance against the failure of a debtor to pay his or her monthly obligation due to involuntary loss of employment. For the purposes of this definition, involuntary loss of employment means the debtor loses employment income (salary or wages) as a result of unemployment caused by individual or mass layoff, general strikes, labor disputes, lockout, or termination by employer for other than willful or criminal misconduct. Any or all of the above-mentioned perils may be included in an insurance policy, at the discretion of the policyholder.
(c) Fire. Fire insurance is insurance on real or personal property of every kind and interest therein, against loss or damage from any or all hazard or cause, and against loss consequential upon such loss or damage, other than noncontractual liability for any such loss or damage. Fire insurance shall also include miscellaneous insurance as defined in paragraph (12), subdivision (e) of this section.
(d) Marine insurance is insurance:
(1) Against any and all kinds of loss or damage to vessels, craft, aircraft, cars, automobiles and vehicles of every kind, as well as all goods, freight, cargoes, merchandise, effects, disbursements, profits, moneys, bullion, precious stones, securities, chooses in action, evidences of debt, valuable papers, bottomry and respondentia interests and all other kinds of property and interests therein, in respect to, appertaining to or in connection with any and all risks or perils of navigation, transit or transportation, including war risks, on or under any seas or other waters, on land (above or below ground), or in the air, or while being assembled, packed, crated, baled, compressed or similarly prepared for shipment or while awaiting the same, or during any delays, storage, transshipment, or reshipment incident thereto, including marine builders risks and all personal property floater risks;
(2) Against any and all kinds of loss or damage to persons or to property in connection with or appertaining to a marine, inland marine, transit or transportation insurance, including liability for loss of or damage to either, arising out of or in connection with the construction, repair, operation, maintenance or use of the subject matter of such insurance (but not including life insurance or surety bonds nor insurance against loss by reason of bodily injury to the person arising out of the ownership, maintenance or use of automobiles);
(3) Against any and all kinds of loss or damage to precious stones, jewels, jewelry, gold, silver, and other precious metals, whether used in business or trade or otherwise, and whether the same be in course of transportation or otherwise;
(4) Against any and all kinds of loss or damage to bridges, tunnels and other instrumentalities of transportation and communication (excluding buildings, their furniture and furnishings, fixed contents and supplies held in storage) unless fire, windstorm, sprinkler leakage, hail, explosion, earthquake, riot, or civil commotion, or any or all of them are the only hazards to be covered;
(5) Against any and all kinds of loss or damage to piers, wharves, docks, and ships, excluding the risks of fire, windstorm, sprinkler leakage, hail, explosion, earthquake, riot, and civil commotion and each of them;
(6) Against any and all kinds of loss or damage to other aids to navigation and transportation, including dry docks and marine railways, dams, and appurtenant facilities for control of waterways; and
(7) Marine protection and indemnity insurance, which is insurance against, or against legal liability of the insured for loss, damage or expense arising out of, or incident to, the ownership, operation, chartering, maintenance, use, repair or construction of any vessel, craft, or instrumentality in use in ocean or inland waterways, including liability of the insured for personal injury, illness, or death, or for loss of or damage to the property of another person.
(e) Casualty. Casualty insurance includes:
(1) Vehicle insurance, which is insurance against loss of or damage to any land vehicle or aircraft, or any draft or riding animal, or to property while contained therein or thereon or being loaded therein or therefrom, from any hazard or cause, and against any loss, liability or expense resulting from or incident to ownership, maintenance, or use of any such vehicle, aircraft or animal; together with insurance against accidental death or accidental injury to individuals, including the named insured, while in, entering, alighting from, adjusting, repairing, or cranking, or caused by being struck by any vehicle, aircraft, or draft or riding animal, if such insurance is issued as a part of insurance on the vehicle, aircraft, or draft or riding animal;
(2) Liability insurance, which is insurance against legal liability for the death, injury, or disability of any human being, or for damage to property; and provisions for medical, hospital, surgical, disability benefits to injured persons, and funeral and death benefits to dependents, beneficiaries, or personal representatives of persons killed, irrespective of legal liability of the insured, when issued as an incidental coverage with or supplemental to liability insurance;
(3) Burglary and theft insurance, which is insurance against loss or damage by burglary, theft, larceny, robbery, forgery, fraud, vandalism, malicious mischief, confiscation, or wrongful conversion, disposal, or concealment, or from any attempt at any of the foregoing, including supplemental coverages for medical, hospital, surgical, and funeral benefits sustained by the named insured or other person as a result of bodily injury during the commission of a burglary, robbery, or theft by another; also insurance against loss of or damage to moneys, coins, bullion, securities, notes, drafts, acceptances, or any other valuable papers and documents resulting from any cause;
(4) Personal property floater insurance, which is insurance upon personal effects against loss or damage from any cause;
(5) Glass insurance, which is insurance against loss or damage to glass, including its lettering, ornamentation, and fittings;
(6) Boiler and machinery insurance, which is insurance against any liability and loss or damage to property or interest resulting from accidents to or explosion of boilers, pipes, pressure containers, machinery, or apparatus and to make inspection of and issue certificates of inspection upon boilers, machinery, and apparatus of any kind, whether or not insured;
(7) Leakage and fire extinguishing equipment insurance, which is insurance against loss or damage to any property or interest caused by the breakage or leakage of sprinklers, hoses, pumps, and other fire extinguishing equipment or apparatus, water mains, pipes, and containers, or by water entering through leaks or openings in buildings, and insurance against loss or damage to such sprinklers, hoses, pumps, and other fire extinguishing equipment or apparatus;
(8) Credit insurance, which is insurance against loss or damage resulting from failure of debtors to pay their obligations to the insured. Credit insurance shall include loss of income insurance, which is insurance against the failure of a debtor to pay his or her monthly obligation due to involuntary loss of employment. For the purpose of this definition, involuntary loss of employment means the debtor loses employment income (salary or wages) as a result of unemployment caused by individual or mass layoff, general strikes, labor disputes, lockout, or termination by employer for other than willful or criminal misconduct; any or all of the above-mentioned perils may be included in an insurance policy, at the discretion of the policyholder;
(9) Malpractice insurance, which is insurance against legal liability of the insured and against loss, damage or expense incidental to a claim of such liability, and including medical, hospital, surgical and funeral benefits to injured persons, irrespective of legal liability of the insured arising out of the death, injury or disablement of any person, or arising out of damage to the economic interest of any person, as the result of negligence in rendering expert, fiduciary, or professional service;
(10) Entertainment insurance, which is insurance indemnifying the producer of any motion picture, television, radio, theatrical, sport, spectacle, entertainment or similar production, event, or exhibition against loss from interruption, postponement, or cancellation thereof due to death, accidental injury or sickness of performers, participants, directors, or other principals;
(11) Mine subsidence insurance as provided for in article thirty of this chapter;
(12) Miscellaneous insurance, which is insurance against any other kind of loss, damage, or liability properly a subject of insurance and not within any other kind of insurance as defined in this chapter, if such insurance is not disapproved by the commissioner as being contrary to law or public policy; and
(13) Federal flood insurance, which is insurance provided by the Federal Insurance Administration or by private insurers through the Write Your Own Program within the National Flood Insurance Program, instituted by the Federal Insurance Administration pursuant to the provision of 42 U.S.C. 4071, on real or personal property of every kind and interest therein, against loss or damage from flood or mudslide and against loss consequential to such loss or damage, other than noncontractual liability for any loss or damage.
(14) Workers compensation insurance, which is insurance providing all compensation and benefits required by chapter 23 of this code.
(f) Surety. Surety insurance includes:
(1) Fidelity insurance, which is insurance guaranteeing the fidelity of persons holding positions of public or private trust;
(2) Insurance guaranteeing the performance of contracts, other than insurance policies, and guaranteeing and executing bonds, undertakings, and contracts of suretyship:
Provided
, That surety insurance does not include the guaranteeing and executing of bonds by individuals not in the business of becoming a surety for compensation upon bonds;
(3) Insurance indemnifying banks, bankers, brokers, financial or moneyed corporations or associations against loss, resulting from any cause, of bills of exchange, notes, bonds, securities, evidences of debt, deeds, mortgages, warehouse receipts or other valuable papers, documents, money, precious metals and articles made therefrom, jewelry, watches, necklaces, bracelets, gems, precious and semiprecious stones, including any loss while they are being transported in armored motor vehicles or by messenger, but not including any other risks of transportation or navigation, and also insurance against loss or damage to such an insureds premises or to his or her furnishings, fixtures, equipment, safes and vaults therein, caused by burglary, robbery, theft, vandalism or malicious mischief, or any attempt to commit such crimes; and
(4) Title insurance, which is insurance of owners of property or others having an interest therein, or liens or encumbrances thereon, against loss by encumbrance, defective title, invalidity, or adverse claim to title.