reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2154. Liability for public offering statement; requirements

A. Except as provided in subsection B, a declarant, prior to the offering of any cooperative interest to the public, shall prepare a public offering statement conforming to the requirements of §§ 55.1-2155, 55.1-2156, 55.1-2157, and 55.1-2158.
B. A declarant may transfer responsibility for preparation of all or a part of the public offering statement to a successor declarant or to a person in the business of selling cooperative interests who intends to offer cooperative interests in the cooperative for his own account. In the event of any such transfer, the transferor shall provide the transferee with any information necessary to enable the transferee to fulfill the requirements of subsection A.
C. Any declarant or other person in the business of selling cooperative interests who offers a cooperative interest for his own account to a purchaser shall deliver a public offering statement in the manner prescribed in subsection A of § 55.1-2160. The person who prepared all or a part of the public offering statement is liable under §§ 55.1-2160, 55.1-2169, 55.1-2178, and 55.1-2179 for any false or misleading statement set forth in such public offering statement or for any omission of material fact from such public offering statement with respect to that portion of the public offering statement that he prepared. If a declarant did not prepare any part of a public offering statement that he delivers, he is not liable for any false or misleading statement set forth in such public offering statement or for any omission of material fact from such public offering statement unless he had actual knowledge of the statement or omission or, in the exercise of reasonable care, should have known of the statement or omission.
D. If a unit is part of a cooperative and is part of any other real estate regime in connection with the sale of which the delivery of a public offering statement is required under the laws of the Commonwealth, a single public offering statement, conforming to the requirements of §§ 55.1-2155, 55.1-2156, 55.1-2157, and 55.1-2158 as those requirements relate to each regime in which the unit is located and to any other requirements imposed under the laws of the Commonwealth, may be prepared and delivered in lieu of providing two or more public offering statements.
1982, c. 277, § 55-477; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2157. Public offering statement; time-shares

If the declaration provides that ownership of cooperative interests or occupancy of any units is or may be in time-shares, the public offering statement shall disclose, in addition to the information required by § 55.1-2155:
1. The number and identity of units in which time-shares may be created;
2. The total number of time-shares that may be created;
3. The minimum duration of any time-shares that may be created; and
4. The extent to which the creation of time-shares will or may affect the enforceability of the association's lien for assessments provided in § 55.1-2149.
1982, c. 277, § 55-480; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2158. Public offering statement; cooperatives containing conversion building

A. In addition to the information required by § 55.1-2155, the public offering statement of a cooperative containing any conversion building shall contain:
1. A statement by the declarant, based on a report prepared by an independent, registered architect or engineer, describing the present condition of all structural components and mechanical and electrical installations material to the use and enjoyment of the building;
2. A statement by the declarant of the expected useful life of each item reported on in subdivision 1, or a statement that no representations are made in that regard; and
3. A list of any outstanding notices of uncured violations of building code or other municipal regulations, together with the estimated cost of curing those violations.
B. This section applies only to buildings containing units that may be occupied for residential use.
1982, c. 277, § 55-481; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2159. Public offering statement; cooperative securities

If an interest in a cooperative is currently registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission of the United States, a declarant satisfies all requirements relating to the preparation of a public offering statement of this chapter if he delivers to the purchaser and files with the agency a copy of the public offering statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. A cooperative interest is not a security under the provisions of the Securities Act, §§ 13.1-501 through 13.1-527.3.
1982, c. 277, § 55-482; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2160. Purchaser's right to cancel

A. A person required to deliver a public offering statement pursuant to subsection C of § 55.1-2154 shall provide a purchaser with a copy of the public offering statement and all amendments to the public offering statement before conveyance of that cooperative interest and not later than the date of any contract of sale. The purchaser may cancel the contract within 10 days after signing the contract.
B. If a purchaser elects to cancel a contract pursuant to subsection A, he may do so by hand delivering notice of such cancellation to the offeror or by mailing notice of such cancellation by prepaid United States mail to the offeror or to his agent for service of process. Cancellation is without penalty, and all payments made by the purchaser before cancellation shall be refunded promptly.
C. If a person required to deliver a public offering statement pursuant to subsection C of § 55.1-2154 fails to provide to a purchaser to whom a cooperative interest is conveyed that public offering statement and all amendments as required by subsection A, the purchaser, in addition to any rights to damages or other relief, is entitled to receive from that person an amount equal to 10 percent of the sales price of the cooperative interest, plus 10 percent of the share, proportionate to his common expense liability, of the indebtedness of the association secured by mortgages or deeds of trust encumbering the cooperative. Execution of a purchase agreement for a cooperative interest that makes reference to the public offering statement and in which the purchaser acknowledges receipt of the public offering statement shall be sufficient proof that the declarant has fully satisfied this requirement.
1982, c. 277, § 55-483; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2162. Escrow of deposits

A. Any deposit made in connection with the purchase or reservation of a cooperative interest from a person required to deliver a public offering statement pursuant to subsection C of § 55.1-2154 shall be placed in escrow and held either in the Commonwealth or in the state in which the unit that is a part of that cooperative interest is located in an account designated solely for that purpose by a title insurance company, attorney, or real estate broker licensed under the laws of the Commonwealth, an independent bonded escrow company, or an institution whose accounts are insured by a governmental agency or instrumentality until (i) delivered to the declarant at closing, (ii) delivered to the declarant because of the purchaser's default under a contract to purchase the cooperative interest, or (iii) refunded to the purchaser.
B. Any deposit made in connection with the purchase of a cooperative interest from a person not required to deliver a public offering statement shall be placed in escrow in the same manner as prescribed in subsection A. Upon receipt of the resale certificate called for in § 55.1-2309, should the purchaser elect to void the contract, the seller may deduct the actual charges by the association for preparation of the certificate. Otherwise, the deposit shall be promptly returned to the purchaser.
1982, c. 277, § 55-485; 2019, c. 712; 2023, cc. 387, 388.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2163. Release of liens

A. In the case of a sale of a cooperative interest where delivery of a public offering statement is required pursuant to subsection C of § 55.1-2154, a seller shall, before conveying a cooperative interest, record or furnish to the purchaser releases of all liens affecting the unit that is a part of that cooperative interest and any limited common element assigned to such unit, except liens solely against the unit and any limited common element assigned to such unit, that the purchaser expressly agrees to take subject to or assume. Releases of liens shall be made pursuant to §§ 55.1-339 through 55.1-345. This subsection does not apply to any real estate that a declarant has the right to withdraw.
B. Before conveying real estate to the association, the declarant shall have that real estate released from (i) all liens the foreclosure of which would deprive proprietary lessees of any right of access to or easement of support of their units and (ii) all other liens on such real estate unless the public offering statement describes certain real estate that may be conveyed subject to liens in specified amounts.
1982, c. 277, § 55-486; 2004, c. 242; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2165. Express warranties of quality

A. Express warranties made by any seller to a purchaser of a cooperative interest, if relied upon by the purchaser, are created as follows:
1. Any affirmation of fact or promise that relates to the unit, its use, or rights appurtenant to such unit, area improvements to the cooperative that would directly benefit the unit, or the right to use or have the benefit of facilities not located in the cooperative creates an express warranty that the unit and related rights and uses will conform to the affirmation or promise;
2. Any model or description of the physical characteristics of the cooperative, including plans and specifications of or for improvements, creates an express warranty that the cooperative will conform to the model or description;
3. Any description of the quantity or extent of the real estate comprising the cooperative, including plats or surveys, creates an express warranty that the cooperative will conform to the description, subject to customary tolerances; and
4. A provision that a buyer of a cooperative interest may put a unit that is part of that cooperative interest only to a specified use is an express warranty that the specified use is lawful.
B. Neither formal words, such as "warranty" or "guarantee," nor a specific intention to make a warranty is necessary to create an express warranty of quality, but a statement purporting to be merely an opinion or commendation of the real estate or its value does not create a warranty.
C. Any conveyance of a cooperative interest transfers to the purchaser all express warranties of quality made by previous sellers.
1982, c. 277, § 55-488; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2166. Implied warranties of quality

A. A declarant and any person in the business of selling cooperative interests for his own account warrant that a unit will be in at least as good condition at the earlier of the time of the conveyance of a cooperative interest or delivery of possession as it was at the time of contracting, reasonable wear and tear excepted.
B. A declarant and any person in the business of selling cooperative interests for his own account impliedly warrant that a unit and the common elements in the cooperative are suitable for the ordinary uses of real estate of its type and that any improvements made or contracted for by him or made by any person before the creation of the cooperative will be:
1. Free from defective materials; and
2. Constructed in accordance with applicable law, according to sound engineering and construction standards, and in a workmanlike manner.
C. In addition, a declarant and any person in the business of selling cooperative interests for his own account warrant to a purchaser of a cooperative interest for a unit that may be used for residential use that an existing use, continuation of which is contemplated by the parties, does not violate applicable law at the earlier of the time of conveyance or delivery of possession.
D. Warranties imposed by this section may be excluded or modified as specified in § 55.1-2167.
E. For purposes of this section, improvements made or contracted for by an affiliate of a declarant are made or contracted for by the declarant.
F. Any conveyance of a cooperative interest transfers to the purchaser all of the declarant's implied warranties of quality.
1982, c. 277, § 55-489; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2167. Exclusion or modification of implied warranties of quality

A. Except as limited by subsection B with respect to a purchaser of a cooperative interest for a unit that may be used for residential use, implied warranties of quality (i) may be excluded or modified by agreement of the parties and (ii) are excluded by expression of disclaimer, such as "as is," "with all faults," or other language that in common understanding calls the buyer's attention to the exclusion of warranties.
B. With respect to a purchaser of a cooperative interest for a unit that may be occupied for residential use, no general disclaimer of implied warranties of quality is effective, nor shall any disclaimer of implied warranties of quality be effective as to defects in materials or construction as to any unit, brought to the attention of the declarant within two years from the date of the first conveyance of the cooperative interest associated with such unit, or as to any such defect in the common elements brought to the attention within two years (i) after that common element has been completed or, if later, (ii) after the first cooperative interest has been conveyed in the cooperative. The first conveyance of a cooperative interest associated with a unit situated in real estate subject to development rights shall be treated as the first conveyance of a cooperative interest in the cooperative for the purposes of the preceding sentence as to any such defects in the common elements within that real estate. A declarant, and any person in the business of selling cooperative interests for his own account, may disclaim liability in an instrument signed by the purchaser for a specified defect or specified failure to comply with applicable law, if the defect or failure entered into became a part of the basis of the bargain.
1982, c. 277, § 55-490; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2168. Statute of limitations for warranties

A. A judicial proceeding for breach of any obligation arising under § 55.1-2165 or 55.1-2166 must be commenced within six years after the cause of action accrues, but the parties may agree to reduce the period of limitation to not less than two years. With respect to a unit that may be occupied for residential use, an agreement to reduce the period of limitation must be evidenced by a separate instrument executed by the purchaser of the cooperative interest for that unit.
B. Subject to subsection C, a cause of action for breach of warranty of quality, regardless of the purchaser's lack of knowledge of the breach, accrues:
1. As to a unit, at the time the purchaser to whom the warranty is first made enters into possession if a possessory interest was conveyed, or at the time of acceptance of the instrument of conveyance if a nonpossessory interest was conveyed; and
2. As to each common element, at the time the common element is completed or, if later, (i) as to a common element that may be added to the cooperative or portion of the cooperative, at the time the first cooperative interest for a unit in such cooperative interest is conveyed to a bona fide purchaser, or (ii) as to a common element within any other portion of the cooperative, at the first time a cooperative interest in the cooperative is conveyed to a bona fide purchaser.
C. If a warranty of quality explicitly extends to future performance or duration of any improvement or component of the cooperative, the cause of action accrues at the time the breach is discovered or at the end of the period for which the warranty explicitly extends, whichever is earlier.
1982, c. 277, § 55-491; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2169. Effect of violation on rights of action; attorney fees; arbitration of disputes

A. If a declarant or any other person subject to this chapter fails to comply with any provision of this chapter or any provision of the declaration or bylaws, any person or class of persons adversely affected by the failure to comply has a claim for appropriate relief. Punitive damages may be awarded for a willful failure to comply with this chapter. The court, in an appropriate case, may award reasonable attorney fees.
B. A declaration may provide for the arbitration of disputes or other means of alternative dispute resolution. Any such arbitration held in accordance with this subsection shall be consistent with the provisions of this chapter and Chapter 21 (§ 8.01-577 et seq.) of Title 8.01. The place of any such arbitration or alternative dispute resolution shall be held in the county or city in which the development is located or as mutually agreed by the parties.
1982, c. 277, § 55-492; 1993, c. 849; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2170. Labeling of promotional material

No promotional material may be displayed or delivered to prospective purchasers that describes or portrays improvements that are not in existence, unless the description or portrayal of the improvement in the promotional material is conspicuously labeled or identified either as "MUST BE BUILT" or "NEED NOT BE BUILT."
1982, c. 277, § 55-493; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2171. Declarant's obligation to complete and restore

A. The declarant shall complete all improvements depicted on any site plan or other graphic representation included in the public offering statement or in any promotional material distributed by or for the declarant unless that improvement is labeled "NEED NOT BE BUILT."
B. The declarant is subject to liability for the prompt repair and restoration, to a condition compatible with the remainder of the cooperative, of any portion of the cooperative affected by the exercise of rights reserved pursuant to or created by §§ 55.1-2120, 55.1-2121, 55.1-2122, 55.1-2123, 55.1-2125, and 55.1-2126.
1982, c. 277, § 55-494; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2172. Substantial completion of units

In the case of a sale of a cooperative interest where delivery of a public offering statement is required, a contract of sale may be executed, but no interest in that cooperative interest may be conveyed, except pursuant to subsection B of § 55.1-2176, until the declaration is recorded and the unit that is a part of that cooperative interest is substantially completed, as evidenced by a recorded certificate of substantial completion executed by an independent, registered architect, surveyor, or engineer or by issuance of a certificate of occupancy authorized by law.
1982, c. 277, § 55-495; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2174. General powers and duties of the Common Interest Community Board

A. The Common Interest Community Board may adopt, amend, and repeal regulations and issue orders consistent with and in furtherance of the objectives of this chapter, but the Common Interest Community Board shall not intervene in the internal activities of an association except to the extent necessary to prevent or cure violations of this chapter. The Common Interest Community Board may prescribe forms and procedures for submitting information to the Common Interest Community Board.
B. If it appears that any person has engaged, is engaging, or is about to engage in any act or practice in violation of this chapter or any of the Common Interest Community Board's regulations or orders, the Common Interest Community Board without prior administrative proceedings may bring an action in the appropriate court to enjoin that act or practice or for other appropriate relief. The Common Interest Community Board is not required to post a bond or prove that no adequate remedy at law exists.
C. The Common Interest Community Board may intervene in any action involving the powers or responsibilities of a declarant in connection with any cooperative for which an application for registration is on file.
D. The Common Interest Community Board may accept grants-in-aid from any governmental source and may contract with agencies charged with similar functions in this or other jurisdictions in furtherance of the objectives of this chapter.
E. The Common Interest Community Board may cooperate with agencies performing similar functions in this and other jurisdictions to develop uniform filing procedures and forms, uniform disclosure standards, and uniform administrative practices and may develop information that may be useful in the discharge of the agency's duties.
F. In issuing any cease and desist order or order rejecting or revoking registration of a cooperative, the Common Interest Community Board shall state the basis for the adverse determination and the underlying facts.
G. The Common Interest Community Board, in its sound discretion, may require bonding, escrow of portions of sales proceeds, or other safeguards it may prescribe by its regulations to guarantee completion of all improvements labeled "MUST BE BUILT" pursuant to § 55.1-2171.
1982, c. 277, § 55-502; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2175. Registration required

A declarant shall not offer or dispose of a cooperative interest intended for residential use unless the cooperative and the cooperative interest are registered with the Common Interest Community Board. A cooperative consisting of no more than three units that is not subject to development rights is exempt from the requirements of this section.
1982, c. 277, § 55-497; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2177. Receipt of application; order or registration

A. The Common Interest Community Board shall acknowledge receipt of an application for registration within five business days after receiving it. Within 60 days after receiving the application, the Common Interest Community Board shall determine whether:
1. The application and the proposed public offering statement satisfy the requirements of this chapter and the Common Interest Community Board's regulations;
2. The declaration and bylaws comply with this chapter; and
3. It is likely that the improvements the declarant has undertaken to make can be completed as represented.
B. If the Common Interest Community Board makes a favorable determination, it shall issue promptly an order registering the cooperative. Otherwise, unless the declarant has consented in writing to a delay, the Common Interest Community Board shall issue promptly an order rejecting registration.
1982, c. 277, § 55-499; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2178. Cease and desist order

If the Common Interest Community Board determines, after notice and hearing, that any person has disseminated or caused to be disseminated orally or in writing any false or misleading promotional materials in connection with a cooperative or that any person has otherwise violated any provision of this chapter or the Common Interest Community Board's regulations or orders, the Common Interest Community Board may issue an order to cease and desist from that conduct or to take such affirmative action as may be appropriate to the Common Interest Community Board.
1982, c. 277, § 55-500; 2019, cc. 467, 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2179. Revocation of registration

A. The Common Interest Community Board, after providing notice stating the deficiency complained of and holding a hearing, may issue an order revoking the registration of a cooperative upon determination that a declarant or any officer or principal of a declarant has:
1. Failed to comply with a cease and desist order issued by the Common Interest Community Board affecting that cooperative;
2. Concealed, diverted, or disposed of any funds or assets of any person in a manner impairing rights of purchasers of cooperative interests in that cooperative;
3. Failed to perform any stipulation or agreement made to induce the Common Interest Community Board to issue an order relating to that cooperative;
4. Intentionally misrepresented or failed to disclose a material fact in the application for registration; or
5. Failed to meet any of the conditions described in §§ 55.1-2176 and 55.1-2177 necessary to qualify for registration.
B. Without the consent of the Common Interest Community Board, a declarant shall not convey, cause to be conveyed, or contract for the conveyance of any cooperative interest while an order revoking the registration of the cooperative is in effect.
C. In appropriate cases, the Common Interest Community Board may issue a cease and desist order in lieu of an order of revocation.
1982, c. 277, § 55-501; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2180. Investigative powers of the Common Interest Community Board

A. The Common Interest Community Board may initiate public or private investigations within or outside the Commonwealth to determine whether any representation in any document or information filed with the Common Interest Community Board is false or misleading or whether any person has engaged, is engaging, or is about to engage in any unlawful act or practice.
B. In the course of any investigation or hearing, the Common Interest Community Board may subpoena witnesses and documents, administer oaths and affirmations, and adduce evidence. If a person fails to comply with a subpoena or to answer questions propounded during the investigation or hearing, the Common Interest Community Board may apply to the appropriate court for a contempt order or for injunctive or other appropriate relief to secure compliance.
1982, c. 277, § 55-503; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2181. Annual report and amendments

A. A declarant, within 30 days after the anniversary date of the order of registration, shall file annually a report to bring up to date the material contained in the application for registration and the public offering statement. This provision does not relieve the declarant of the obligation to file amendments pursuant to subsection B.
B. A declarant shall file promptly amendments to the public offering statement with the Common Interest Community Board.
C. If an annual report reveals that a declarant owns or controls cooperative interests representing less than 25 percent of the voting power in the association and that a declarant has no power to increase the number of units in the cooperative or to cause a merger or confederation of the cooperative with other cooperatives, the Common Interest Community Board shall issue an order relieving the declarant of any further obligation to file annual reports. After such order is issued, so long as the declarant is offering any cooperative interests for sale, the Common Interest Community Board has jurisdiction over the declarant's activities but has no other authority to regulate the cooperative.
1982, c. 277, § 55-504; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2182. Annual report by associations

A. The association shall file an annual report in a form and at such time as prescribed by regulations of the Common Interest Community Board. The filing of the annual report required by this section shall commence upon the termination of any declarant control period reserved pursuant to § 55.1-2134. The annual report shall be accompanied by a fee in an amount established by the Common Interest Community Board, which shall be paid into the state treasury and credited to the Common Interest Community Management Information Fund established pursuant to § 54.1-2354.2.
B. The agency may accept copies of forms submitted to other state agencies to satisfy the requirements of this section if such forms contain substantially the same information required by the Common Interest Community Board.
1993, c. 958, § 55-504.1; 2008, cc. 851, 871; 2009, c. 557; 2012, cc. 481, 797; 2019, cc. 391, 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2183. Common Interest Community Board regulation of public offering statement

A. The Common Interest Community Board at any time may require a declarant to alter or supplement the form or substance of a public offering statement to assure adequate and accurate disclosure to prospective purchasers.
B. The public offering statement shall not be used for any promotional purpose before registration and shall be used afterwards only if it is used in its entirety. No person shall advertise or represent that the Common Interest Community Board has approved or recommended the cooperative, the disclosure statement, or any of the documents contained in the application for registration.
C. In the case of a cooperative situated wholly outside of the Commonwealth, no application for registration or proposed public offering statement filed with the Common Interest Community Board that has been approved by an agency in the state where the cooperative is located and substantially complies with the requirements of this chapter shall be rejected by the Common Interest Community Board on the grounds of noncompliance with any different or additional requirements imposed by this chapter or by the Common Interest Community Board's regulations. However, the Common Interest Community Board may require additional documents or information in particular cases to assure adequate and accurate disclosure to prospective purchasers.
1982, c. 277, § 55-505; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 21 - Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act › § 55.1-2184. Penalties

Any person who willfully violates § 55.1-2155, 55.1-2158, 55.1-2159, 55.1-2162, 55.1-2164, 55.1-2176, or 55.1-2181 or any regulation adopted under, or order issued pursuant to, § 55.1-2174, or any person who willfully in an application for registration makes any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state a material fact, is guilty of a misdemeanor and may be (i) fined not less than $1,000 or double the amount of gain from the transaction, whichever is larger, but not more than $50,000 or (ii) imprisoned for not more than six months, or both, for each offense.
1982, c. 277, § 55-506; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 22 - Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act › § 55.1-2201. Applicability

A. This chapter shall have exclusive jurisdiction and shall apply to any product offering or disposition made within the Commonwealth after July 1, 1985, in a time-share project located within the Commonwealth. Sections 55.1-2200, 55.1-2201, 55.1-2202, 55.1-2203, 55.1-2204, 55.1-2206, 55.1-2210, 55.1-2211, 55.1-2213, 55.1-2215, 55.1-2216, 55.1-2220, 55.1-2227, 55.1-2229, 55.1-2230, 55.1-2232, 55.1-2233, 55.1-2237, and 55.1-2252 shall apply to a time-share project within the Commonwealth that was created prior to July 1, 1985.
B. This chapter shall not affect rights or obligations created by preexisting provisions of any time-share instrument that transfers an estate or interest in real property.
C. This chapter shall apply to any product offering or disposition in a time-share project located outside the Commonwealth and offered for sale in the Commonwealth with the exception that Articles 2 (§ 55.1-2207 et seq.), 3 (§ 55.1-2217 et seq.), and 4 (§ 55.1-2235 et seq.) shall apply only to the extent permitted by the laws of the situs.
D. This chapter shall apply to any product offering or disposition in a time-share program, and offered for sale in the Commonwealth, created under a situs time-sharing law in which the time-share interests in the time-share program are either direct or indirect beneficial interests in a trust created pursuant to the situs time-sharing law or other applicable law of the situs.
Code 1950, § 55-361; 1981, c. 462; 1983, c. 59; 1985, c. 517, § 55-361.1; 1986, c. 359; 1989, c. 637; 1991, c. 704; 1994, c. 580; 2019, c. 712; 2020, c. 1011.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 22 - Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act › § 55.1-2203. Status of time-share estates with respect to real property interests

A. A document transferring or encumbering a time-share estate shall not be rejected for recordation within the Commonwealth because of the nature or duration of that estate or interest, provided that the document complies with all other recordation requirements.
B. Each time-share estate constitutes for purposes of title a separate estate or interest in a unit.
C. For purposes of local real property taxation, each time-share unit, other than a unit operated for time-share use, shall be valued in the same manner as if such unit were owned by a single taxpayer. The total cumulative purchase price paid by the time-share owners for a unit shall not be utilized by the commissioner of revenue or other local assessing officer as a factor in determining the assessed value of such unit. A unit operated as a time-share use, however, may be assessed the same as other income-producing and investment property. The commissioner of revenue or other local assessing officer shall list in the land book a time-share unit in the name of the association.
1981, c. 462, § 55-363; 1985, c. 517; 1994, c. 580; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 22 - Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act › § 55.1-2204. Applicability of local ordinances, regulations, and building codes

A zoning, subdivision, or other ordinance or regulation shall not impose any requirement upon a time-share project that it would not otherwise impose upon a similar project under a different form of ownership.
1981, c. 462, § 55-364; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 22 - Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act › § 55.1-2205. Use of terms

A developer in its offering or disposition of a time-share may use interchangeably any term recognized in the industry, including "time-share," "time-share interest," "interval ownership," "interval ownership interest," "vacation ownership," "vacation ownership interest," and "product." A developer shall not use the term "incidental benefit" or "alternative purchase" except in the proper context.
1994, c. 580, § 55-364.1; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 22 - Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act › § 55.1-2206. Severability of provisions of time-share instruments

All provisions of the time-share instruments shall be deemed severable, and any unlawful provision of such instrument shall be void.
Code 1950, § 55-365; 1981, c. 462; 1985, c. 517, § 55-365.1; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 22 - Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act › § 55.1-2207. Time-sharing permitted

A time-share project shall be permitted on any land or improvement on such land lying within the Commonwealth unless prohibited by zoning then in effect or by the express language of any legally enforceable covenant, condition, or restriction, however denominated, contained in the governing documents of record for such land, including condominium instruments under the Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900 et seq.), a time-share instrument under this chapter, a declaration under the Virginia Real Estate Cooperative Act (§ 55.1-2100 et seq.), or a master deed under the Horizontal Property Act (§ 55.1-2000 et seq.). This chapter shall not be construed to affect the validity of any provision of any time-share program or any expansion of such a program or time-share instrument recorded or in existence prior to July 1, 1981.
1981, c. 462, § 55-366; 1994, c. 580; 1998, c. 460; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 22 - Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act › § 55.1-2210. Developer control in time-share estate program

A. The time-share instrument for a time-share estate program shall provide for a developer control period. All costs associated with the control, management, and operation of the time-share estate project during the developer control period shall belong to the developer, except for time-share estate occupancy expenses that shall, if required by the developer in the time-share instrument, be allocated only to and paid by time-share estate owners other than the developer. Nothing shall preclude the developer, during the developer control period and at any time after the lapse of a purchaser's right of cancellation and without regard to the recordation of the deed, provided that the deed has been delivered to the purchaser or the purchaser's agent, from collecting an annual or specially assessed charge from each time-share estate owner for the payment of the time-share estate occupancy expenses by way of a maintenance fee. However, any such funds received and not spent, or any other funds received and allocated to the benefit of the association, shall be transferred to the association by the developer at the termination of the developer control period.
B. Except to the extent that the purchase contract or time-share instrument expressly provides otherwise, fee simple title to the common elements shall be transferred to the time-share estate owners' association, free of charge, no later than at such time as the developer (i) transfers to purchasers legal or equitable ownership of at least 90 percent of the time-share estates, excluding any reacquisitions by the developer; (ii) is no longer the beneficiary on deeds of trust secured on at least 20 percent of the time-share estates; or (iii) has completed all of the promised common elements and facilities that the time-share estate project comprises, whichever occurs last. The developer may make such transfer when the period has ended for a phase or portion of the time-share estate project. The transfer required of the developer by this subsection shall not exonerate the developer from the responsibility of completion of the promised and incomplete common elements once the transfer occurs. Upon transfer of the time-share project or portion to the association, the developer control period for such project or portion of such project shall terminate.
1981, c. 462, § 55-369; 1985, c. 517; 1989, c. 637; 1991, c. 704; 1993, c. 842; 1994, c. 580; 1998, c. 460; 2001, c. 543; 2008, c. 376; 2013, cc. 259, 327; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 22 - Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act › § 55.1-2215. Partition

No action for partition of a unit may be maintained except as permitted by the time-share instrument or by subsection C of § 55.1-2216.
1981, c. 462, § 55-372; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 22 - Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act › § 55.1-2218. Certain advertising practices regulated

A. Any offering that includes a gift or prize shall disclose in such offering, with the same prominence as such offer:
1. The retail value of each gift or prize;
2. The approximate odds against any given person obtaining each gift or prize if all persons to whom the advertisement is disseminated do what is necessary to qualify for the award of the gift or prize;
3. If the number of gifts or prizes to be awarded is limited, a statement of the number of gifts or prizes to be awarded or, in lieu of such statement, the nature of such limitation;
4. All rules, terms, requirements, and conditions that shall be fulfilled before a prospective purchaser may claim any gift or prize, including whether the prospective purchaser is required to attend a sales presentation in order to receive the gift or prize;
5. The date upon which the offer expires; and
6. A statement to the effect that the offer is being made for the purpose of soliciting the purchase of a time-share, time-share interest, interval ownership, interval ownership interest, vacation ownership, vacation ownership interest, or product, as appropriate.
B. Any gift or prize offered in connection with an offering shall be delivered to the prospective purchaser no later than the day the purchaser attends a sales presentation, if required, and if not, on the day the purchaser appears to claim it, whether or not he purchases a time-share. In the event that the supply of gifts or prizes is exhausted at the time required for delivery, the developer shall give the prospective purchaser a written, unconditional promise to deliver such gift or prize no later than 30 days from the date required for delivery. If such gift or prize is not obtainable, the developer shall deliver an item of equal or greater value.
C. The offering or sale of any product registered with the Board is exempt from the Virginia Securities Act (§ 13.1-501 et seq.), Chapter 9 (§ 55.1-900 et seq.), the Virginia Condominium Act (§ 55.1-1900 et seq.), the Subdivided Land Sales Act (§ 55.1-2300 et seq.), the Virginia Home Solicitation Sales Act (§ 59.1-21.1 et seq.), the Prizes and Gifts Act (§ 59.1-415 et seq.), and the Virginia Travel Club Act (§ 59.1-445 et seq.).
1983, c. 59, § 55-374.1; 1984, c. 333; 1985, c. 517; 1991, c. 704; 1994, c. 580; 1996, c. 372; 1998, c. 460; 2006, c. 653; 2008, cc. 851, 871; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 22 - Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act › § 55.1-2221. Purchaser's rights of cancellation

A. A purchaser shall have the right to cancel the contract until midnight of the seventh calendar day following the execution of such contract. If the seventh calendar day falls on a Sunday or legal holiday, then the right to cancel the contract shall expire on the day immediately following that Sunday or legal holiday. Cancellation shall be without penalty, and all payments made by the purchaser before cancellation shall be refunded within 45 days after receipt of the notice of cancellation.
B. If the purchaser elects to cancel a contract pursuant to subsection A, he shall do so only (i) by hand-delivering the notice to the developer at its principal office or at the project or (ii) by mailing the notice by certified United States mail, return receipt requested, to the developer or its agent designated in the contract. Any such notice sent by certified mail shall be effective on the date postmarked.
C. If, because of the occurrence of a material change, the public offering statement is amended between the time of contracting to purchase a time-share and the time of settlement, the developer shall provide the amended public offering statement to the purchaser and the right of cancellation shall renew from the date of delivery of such amended public offering statement. This subsection shall not apply if the public offering statement is amended by the developer because of a change that is not material or to disclose any change that is an aspect or result of the orderly development of the time-share project in accordance with the project instrument.
D. The right to cancel the contract as provided by this section shall not be waivable by the time-share purchaser and any provision in the contract or time-share documents indicating a waiver shall be void.
E. A statement of the purchaser's right of cancellation as set forth in subsections A and B shall appear in the contract above the purchaser's signature line. Such statement shall appear in type no smaller than any other provisions of the contract, and the caption "PURCHASER'S NONWAIVABLE RIGHT TO CANCEL" shall appear immediately preceding it in conspicuous, boldface type.
1981, c. 462, § 55-376; 1983, c. 147; 1984, c. 572; 1985, c. 517; 1991, c. 704; 1994, c. 580; 1998, c. 460; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 22 - Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act › § 55.1-2223. Recording and delivery of deed

At such time as the time-share estate purchaser has fulfilled all of his obligations under the contract and is entitled to a deed for his time-share estate, the developer shall file or cause to be filed within 180 days after such date, with the clerk of the circuit court where the time-share project is located, such deed for recordation. Upon receipt of the recorded deed returned from the clerk's office, the developer shall, within 45 days after such receipt, send or cause to be sent the original deed to the time-share estate purchaser.
2006, c. 653, § 55-376.2; 2019, c. 712.
2023 Code of Virginia › Title 55.1 - Property and Conveyances › Chapter 22 - Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act › § 55.1-2224. Liability limited; liability actions prohibited

A. Except as provided in subsection B, a project professional is not liable for injury to or death of a participant resulting from the inherent risks of project activity, so long as the warning contained in § 55.1-2225 is posted as required. Except as provided in subsection B, no participant or participant's representative may maintain an action against or recover from a project professional for injury, loss, damage, or death of the participant resulting exclusively from any of the inherent risks of project activity, provided that in any action for damages against a project professional for a project activity, the project professional shall plead the affirmative defense of assumption of the inherent risks of project activity by the participant.
B. Nothing in subsection A shall prevent or limit the liability of a project professional if the project professional does any one or more of the following:
1. Commits an act or omission that constitutes negligence or willful or wanton disregard for the safety of the participant, and that act or omission proximately causes injury, damage, or death to the participant;
2. Has actual knowledge or reasonably should have known of a dangerous condition on the land or in the facilities or equipment used in the project activity, or the dangerous propensity of a particular animal used in such activity, and does not make the danger known to the participant, and the danger proximately causes injury, damage, or death to the participant; or
3. Intentionally injures the participant.
C. Any limitation on legal liability afforded by this section to a project professional is in addition to any other limitations of legal liability otherwise provided by law.
2007, c. 267, § 55-376.3; 2019, c. 712.