2023 West Virginia Code › Chapter 16. Public Health › Article 2R. Unborn Child Protection Act › §16-2R-2. Definitions

The definitions set forth in this section are controlling for purposes of this article and of this code, irrespective of terms used in medical coding, notations, or billing documents. For purposes of this article:
"Abortion" means the use of any instrument, medicine, drug, or any other substance or device with intent to terminate the pregnancy of a patient known to be pregnant and with intent to cause the death and expulsion or removal of an embryo or a fetus. This term does not include the terms "intrauterine fetal demise" or "stillbirth" or "miscarriage" as defined in this section.
"Attempt to perform or induce an abortion" means an act or the omission of an act that, under the circumstances as the person so acting or omitting to act believes them to be, constitutes a substantial step in a course of conduct intended to culminate in an abortion.
"Born alive" means the complete expulsion or extraction of the fetus, at any stage of development, who after such expulsion or extraction breathes or has a beating heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles, regardless of whether the umbilical cord has been cut, and regardless of whether the expulsion or extraction occurs as a result of natural or induced labor, cesarean section, or induced abortion.
"Commissioner" means the Commissioner of the Bureau for Public Health of the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources.
"Contraception" or "contraceptive" means the prevention of pregnancy by interfering with the process of ovulation, fertilization, or implantation.
"Ectopic" means a fertilized egg which is developing outside the uterus, or a fertilized egg is developing within parts of the uterus where it cannot be viable, including a cervical, cornual, or cesarean section scar implantations.
"Embryo" means the developing human from the time of fertilization until the end of the eighth week of gestation.
"Fertilization" means the fusion of a human spermatozoon with a human ovum.
"Fetal tissue research" means tissue or cells obtained from a dead embryo or fetus after a miscarriage, abortion, or intrauterine fetal demise.
"Fetus" means the developing human in the postembryonic period from nine weeks after fertilization until birth.
"Licensed medical professional" means a person licensed under 30-3-1
et seq
., or 30-14-1
et seq
., of this code.
"Implantation" means when a fertilized egg has attached to the lining of the wall of the uterus.
"Intrauterine fetal demise" or "stillbirth" means the unintended or spontaneous loss of a fetus after the 19th week of pregnancy.
"In vitro fertilization" means a procedure or procedures intended to improve fertility or prevent genetic problems and assist with conception.
"Medical emergency" means a condition or circumstance that so complicates the medical condition of a patient as to necessitate an abortion to avert serious risk of the patients death or serious risk of substantial life-threatening physical impairment of a major bodily function, not including psychological or emotional conditions. This term includes a circumstance in which it is necessary to terminate a pregnancy of one or more fetuses to preserve the life of another fetus or fetuses. A condition is not deemed a medical emergency if based on a claim or diagnosis that the patient intends or may engage in conduct which results in the patients death or in substantial and irreversible physical impairment of a major bodily function.
"Miscarriage" means the unintended or spontaneous loss of an embryo or a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy. This term includes the medical terms "spontaneous abortion," "missed abortion," and "incomplete abortion".
"Nonviable" means an embryo or a fetus has a lethal anomaly which renders it incompatible with life outside of the uterus.
"Partial-birth abortion" means an abortion performed on a live fetus after partial vaginal delivery.
"Pregnancy" means the period of gestation after which a fertilized egg has implanted in the wall of a uterus.
"Reasonable medical judgment" means a medical judgment that would be made by a licensed medical professional who is knowledgeable about the case and the treatment possibilities with respect to the medical conditions involved.
"Unemancipated minor" means a person younger than 18 years of age who is not, or has not been, married or judicially emancipated.