reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 251 - Cooperative Associations › Subchapter E. Shares › Section 251.203. Share and Membership Certificates; Recall

Sec. 251.203.  SHARE AND MEMBERSHIP CERTIFICATES;  RECALL.  (a)  The bylaws of a cooperative association may authorize the cooperative association's board of directors to recall during a specified time and in accordance with the bylaws the membership certificates of a member who fails to patronize the cooperative association.  The board may use the reserve funds to recall, at par value, the membership certificates of any member in excess of the amount required for membership.
(b)  After the board of directors of a cooperative association recalls a membership certificate under Subsection (a), membership in the cooperative association is terminated and the board shall cause the cooperative association to reissue or cancel the certificate.  The board of directors may not recall membership certificates if recalling the certificates would jeopardize the cooperative association's solvency.
(c)  The board of directors may use the reserve funds to recall and repurchase the investment certificates of an investor at par value plus any investment dividends due.
(d)  The bylaws of a cooperative association may establish specific procedures, terms, and conditions for recalls and repurchases of investment certificates.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 251 - Cooperative Associations › Subchapter E. Shares › Section 251.204. Certificates; Attachment

Sec. 251.204.  CERTIFICATES;  ATTACHMENT.  The minimum amount necessary for membership in a cooperative association, not to exceed $50, is exempt from attachment, execution, or garnishment for the debts of a member of a cooperative association.  If a member's holdings are subject to attachment, execution, or garnishment, the directors of the cooperative association may admit the purchaser to membership or may purchase the holdings at par value.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 251 - Cooperative Associations › Subchapter F. Meetings and Voting › Section 251.251. Meetings

Sec. 251.251.  MEETINGS.  (a)  Regular meetings of members of a cooperative association shall be held at least once a year as prescribed by the cooperative association's bylaws.
(b)  A special meeting of the members of a cooperative association may be requested by a majority vote of the directors or by written petition of at least one-tenth of the membership of the cooperative association.  The secretary shall call a special meeting to be held 30 days after receipt of the request for a special meeting.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 251 - Cooperative Associations › Subchapter F. Meetings and Voting › Section 251.252. Notice of Special Meeting

Sec. 251.252.  NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING.  The notice of a special meeting of the members of a cooperative association shall state the purpose of the meeting.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 251 - Cooperative Associations › Subchapter F. Meetings and Voting › Section 251.253. Meetings by Units of Membership

Sec. 251.253.  MEETINGS BY UNITS OF MEMBERSHIP.  (a)  The certificate of formation or bylaws of a cooperative association may provide for the holding of meetings by units of the membership of the cooperative association and may provide for:
(1)  a method of transmitting the votes cast at unit meetings to the central meeting;
(2)  a method of representation of units of the membership by the election of delegates to the central meeting;  or
(3)  a combination of both methods.
(b)  Except as otherwise provided by the certificate of formation or bylaws, a meeting by a unit of the membership shall be called and held in the same manner as a regular meeting of the members.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 251 - Cooperative Associations › Subchapter F. Meetings and Voting › Section 251.254. One Member--One Vote

Sec. 251.254.  ONE MEMBER--ONE VOTE.  (a)  Except as provided by Subsection (b), a member of a cooperative association has one vote.
(b)  If a cooperative association includes among its membership another cooperative association or a group that is organized on a cooperative basis, the voting rights of the cooperative association member or group member may be prescribed by the certificate of formation or bylaws of the cooperative association.
(c)  Any voting agreement or other device that is made to evade the one-member-one-vote rule is not enforceable.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 251 - Cooperative Associations › Subchapter F. Meetings and Voting › Section 251.255. No Proxy

Sec. 251.255.  NO PROXY.  A member is not entitled to vote by proxy.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 251 - Cooperative Associations › Subchapter F. Meetings and Voting › Section 251.256. Voting by Mail

Sec. 251.256.  VOTING BY MAIL.  (a)  The certificate of formation or bylaws of a cooperative association may contain the procedures in Subsection (b) or (c), or both, for voting by mail.
(b)  With notice of a meeting sent to members of the cooperative association, the secretary may include a copy of a proposal to be offered at the meeting.  If a mail vote is returned to the cooperative association within the specified number of days, the mail vote shall be counted with the votes cast at the meeting.
(c)  The secretary may send to a member of the cooperative association who is absent from a meeting an exact copy of the proposal considered at the meeting.  If the vote is returned to the cooperative association within the specified number of days, the mail vote is counted with the votes cast at the meeting.
(d)  The certificate of formation or bylaws may state whether and to what extent mail votes are counted in computing a quorum.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 251 - Cooperative Associations › Subchapter F. Meetings and Voting › Section 251.257. Voting by Mail or by Delegates

Sec. 251.257.  VOTING BY MAIL OR BY DELEGATES.  (a)  If a cooperative association has provided for voting by mail or by delegates, a provision of this chapter referring to votes cast by members of the cooperative association applies to votes cast by mail or by delegates.
(b)  A delegate may not vote by mail.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 251 - Cooperative Associations › Subchapter G. Capital and Net Savings › Section 251.301. Limitations on Return on Capital

Sec. 251.301.  LIMITATIONS ON RETURN ON CAPITAL.  (a)  Except as otherwise provided by the cooperative association's bylaws, an investment dividend of a cooperative association may not be cumulative and may not exceed eight percent of investment capital.
(b)  Total investment dividends distributed for a fiscal year may not exceed 50 percent of the net savings for the period.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 251 - Cooperative Associations › Subchapter G. Capital and Net Savings › Section 251.302. Allocation and Distribution of Net Savings

Sec. 251.302.  ALLOCATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF NET SAVINGS.  (a)  At least once each year the members or directors of a cooperative association, as provided by the certificate of formation or bylaws of the cooperative association, shall apportion the net savings of the cooperative association in the following order:
(1)  subject to Section 251.301, investment dividends payable from the surplus of the total assets over total liabilities may be paid on invested capital or, if authorized by the bylaws, may be paid on the membership certificates;
(2)  a portion of the remainder, as determined by the certificate of formation or bylaws, may be allocated to an educational fund to be used in teaching cooperation;
(3)  a portion of the remainder may be allocated to funds for the general welfare of the members of the cooperative association;
(4)  a portion of the remainder may be allocated to retained earnings;  and
(5)  the remainder shall be allocated at the same uniform rate to each patron of the cooperative association in proportion to individual patronage as follows:
(A)  for a member patron, the proportionate amount of savings return distributed to the member may be any combination of cash, property, membership certificates, or investment certificates;  and
(B)  for a subscriber patron, the patron's proportionate amount of savings returns as provided by the certificate of formation or bylaws may be distributed to the subscriber patron or credited to the subscriber patron's account until the amount of capital subscribed for has been fully paid.
(b)  This section does not prevent a cooperative association engaged in rendering services from disposing of the net savings from the rendering of services in a manner that lowers the fees charged for services or furthers the common benefit of the members.
(c)  A cooperative association may adopt a system in which:
(1)  the payment of savings returns that would otherwise be distributed are deferred for a fixed period;  or
(2)  the savings returns distributed are partly in cash or partly in shares, to be retired at a fixed future date, in the order of the shares' serial numbers or issuance dates.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 251 - Cooperative Associations › Subchapter H. Reports and Records › Section 251.351. Recordkeeping

Sec. 251.351.  RECORDKEEPING.  A cooperative association shall keep books and records relating to the cooperative association's business operation in accordance with standard accounting practices.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 251 - Cooperative Associations › Subchapter H. Reports and Records › Section 251.352. Reports to Members

Sec. 251.352.  REPORTS TO MEMBERS.  (a)  A cooperative association shall submit a written report to its members at the annual meeting of the cooperative association.  The annual report must contain:
(1)  a balance sheet;
(2)  an income and expense statement;
(3)  the amount and nature of the cooperative association's authorized, subscribed, and paid-in capital;
(4)  the total number of shareholders;
(5)  the number of shareholders who were admitted to or withdrew from the association during the year;
(6)  the par value of the association's shares;
(7)  the rate at which any investment dividends have been paid;  and
(8)  if the cooperative association does not issue shares:
(A)  the total number of members;
(B)  the number of members who were admitted to or withdrew from the association during the year;  and
(C)  the amount of membership fees received.
(b)  The directors shall appoint a committee composed of members who are not principal bookkeepers, accountants, or employees of the cooperative association to review the cooperative association.
(c)  The committee appointed under Subsection (b) shall report on the quality of the annual report required by this section and the bookkeeping system of the cooperative association at the annual meeting.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 251 - Cooperative Associations › Subchapter H. Reports and Records › Section 251.353. Annual Report of Financial Condition

Sec. 251.353.  ANNUAL REPORT OF FINANCIAL CONDITION.  (a)  This section applies only to a cooperative association that has at least 100 members or at least $20,000 in annual business.
(b)  Not later than the 120th day after the date on which the association closes its business each year, a cooperative association shall file in the association's registered office a report of the association's financial condition stating:
(1)  the name of the association;
(2)  the address of the association's principal office;
(3)  the name, address, occupation, and date of expiration of the term of office of each officer and director;
(4)  any compensation paid by the association to each officer or director of the association;
(5)  the amount and nature of the authorized, subscribed, and paid-in capital;
(6)  the total number of shareholders;
(7)  the number of shareholders who were admitted to or withdrew from the association during the year;
(8)  the par value of the association's shares;
(9)  the rate at which any investment dividends have been paid;  and
(10)  if the association has no shares:
(A)  the total number of members;
(B)  the number of members who were admitted to or withdrew from the association during the year;  and
(C)  the amount of membership fees received.
(c)  The report required by Subsection (b) must:
(1)  include a balance sheet and income and expense statement of the cooperative association;  and
(2)  be signed by the president and secretary.
(d)  A cooperative association that has at least 3,000 members or at least $750,000 in annual business shall file a copy of the report required by this section with the secretary of state.
(e)  A person commits an offense if the person signs a report that is required by this section and contains a materially false statement that the person knows is false.  An offense under this subsection is a misdemeanor punishable by:
(1)  a fine of not less than $25 or more than $200;
(2)  confinement in county jail for a term of not less than 30 days or more than one year;  or
(3)  both the fine and confinement.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 251 - Cooperative Associations › Subchapter H. Reports and Records › Section 251.354. Failure to File Report

Sec. 251.354.  FAILURE TO FILE REPORT.  (a)  If a cooperative association required by Section 251.353 to file a copy of a report with the secretary of state does not file the report within the prescribed time, the secretary of state shall send written notice of the requirement to the cooperative association at the cooperative association's principal office not later than the 60th day after the date the report becomes due.
(b)  If a cooperative association required by Section 251.353 to file a report at the cooperative association's registered office, but not with the secretary of state, fails to file the report within the prescribed time, the secretary of state or any member of the cooperative association may send written notice of the requirement to the cooperative association's principal office.
(c)  If the cooperative association does not file the report before the 61st day after the date notice is sent under Subsection (a) or (b), a member of the cooperative association or the attorney general may seek a writ of mandamus against the cooperative association and the appropriate officer or officers to compel the filing of the report.  The court shall require the cooperative association or the officer who is determined to be at fault to pay the expenses of the proceeding, including attorney's fees.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
Amended by:
Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 75 (S.B. 1518), Sec. 32, eff. September 1, 2017.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 251 - Cooperative Associations › Subchapter I. Winding Up and Termination › Section 251.401. Voluntary Winding Up and Termination

Sec. 251.401.  VOLUNTARY WINDING UP AND TERMINATION.  (a)  A cooperative association may wind up and terminate its affairs in accordance with Chapter 11 and Sections 22.301-22.303.
(b)  If a cooperative association is directed to wind up and liquidate its affairs, three members of the cooperative association elected by a vote of at least a majority of the members voting shall be designated as trustees on behalf of the cooperative association to:
(1)  pay debts;
(2)  liquidate the cooperative association's assets within the time set in the trustees' designation or any extension of time;  and
(3)  distribute the cooperative association's assets in the manner provided by Section 251.403.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 251 - Cooperative Associations › Subchapter I. Winding Up and Termination › Section 251.402. Execution of Certificate of Termination

Sec. 251.402.  EXECUTION OF CERTIFICATE OF TERMINATION.  An officer of a cooperative association or one or more of the persons designated as a liquidating trustee under Section 251.401 shall execute the certificate of termination on behalf of the cooperative association.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 251 - Cooperative Associations › Subchapter I. Winding Up and Termination › Section 251.403. Distribution of Assets

Sec. 251.403.  DISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS.  Subject to Sections 11.052 and 11.053(a), the trustees designated under Section 251.401 shall distribute the cooperative association's assets in the following order:
(1)  by returning the par value of the investors' capital to investors;
(2)  by returning the amounts paid on subscriptions to subscribers for invested capital;
(3)  by returning the amount of patronage dividends credited to patrons' accounts to the patrons;
(4)  by returning to members their membership capital; and
(5)  by distributing any surplus in the manner provided by the certificate of formation:
(A)  among the patrons who have been members or subscribers of the cooperative association during the six years preceding the date of termination, on the basis of patronage during that period;
(B)  as a gift to any cooperative association or other nonprofit enterprise designated in the certificate of formation; or
(C)  by a combination of both methods of distribution.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
Amended by:
Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 688 (H.B. 1737), Sec. 133, eff. September 1, 2007.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 251 - Cooperative Associations › Subchapter I. Winding Up and Termination › Section 251.404. Involuntary Termination

Sec. 251.404.  INVOLUNTARY TERMINATION.  A suit for involuntary termination of a cooperative association organized under this chapter may be instituted for the causes and prosecuted in the manner provided by Chapter 11.  The assets of a cooperative association that is involuntarily terminated shall be distributed in accordance with Section 251.403.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 251 - Cooperative Associations › Subchapter J. Miscellaneous Provisions › Section 251.451. Exemption From Taxes

Sec. 251.451.  EXEMPTION FROM TAXES.  A cooperative association organized under this chapter is exempt from the franchise tax and license fees imposed by the state or a political subdivision of the state, except that a cooperative association is exempt from the franchise tax imposed by Chapter 171, Tax Code, only if the cooperative association is exempt under that chapter.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 251 - Cooperative Associations › Subchapter J. Miscellaneous Provisions › Section 251.452. Use of Name "Cooperative

Sec. 251.452.  USE OF NAME "COOPERATIVE."  (a)  Only a cooperative association governed by this chapter, a group organized on a cooperative basis under another law of this state, or a foreign entity operating on a cooperative basis and authorized to do business in this state may use the term "cooperative" or any abbreviation or derivation of the term "cooperative" as part of its business name or represent itself, in advertising or otherwise, as conducting business on a cooperative basis.
(b)  A person commits an offense if the person violates Subsection (a).  An offense under this subsection is a misdemeanor punishable by:
(1)  a fine of not less than $25 or more than $200 for the first month in which the violation occurs;
(2)  a fine of not more than $200 for each month during which a violation occurs after the first month;
(3)  confinement in the county jail for not less than 30 days or more than one year; or
(4)  a combination of those punishments.
(c)  The attorney general may sue to enjoin a violation of this section.
(d)  If a court renders a judgment that a person who used the term "cooperative" before September 1, 1975, is not organized on a cooperative basis but is authorized to continue to use the term, the business shall place immediately after its name the words "does not comply with the cooperative association law of Texas" in the same kind of type and in letters not less than two-thirds the size of the letters used in the word "cooperative."
(e)  Notwithstanding this section, The University Cooperative Society, a domestic nonprofit corporation related to The University of Texas, may continue to use the word "cooperative" in its name.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 252 - Unincorporated Nonprofit Associations › Section 252.001. Definitions

Sec. 252.001.  DEFINITIONS.  In this chapter:
(1)  "Member" means a person who, under the rules or practices of a nonprofit association, may participate in the selection of persons authorized to manage the affairs of the nonprofit association or in the development of policy of the nonprofit association.
(2)  "Nonprofit association" means an unincorporated organization, other than one created by a trust, consisting of three or more members joined by mutual consent for a common, nonprofit purpose.  A form of joint tenancy, tenancy in common, or tenancy by the entirety does not by itself establish a nonprofit association, regardless of whether the co-owners share use of the property for a nonprofit purpose.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 252 - Unincorporated Nonprofit Associations › Section 252.002. Supplementary General Principles of Law and Equity

Sec. 252.002.  SUPPLEMENTARY GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW AND EQUITY.  Principles of law and equity supplement this chapter unless displaced by a particular provision of this chapter.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 252 - Unincorporated Nonprofit Associations › Section 252.003. Territorial Application

Sec. 252.003.  TERRITORIAL APPLICATION.  Real and personal property in this state may be acquired, held, encumbered, and transferred by a nonprofit association, regardless of whether the nonprofit association or a member has any other relationship to this state.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 252 - Unincorporated Nonprofit Associations › Section 252.004. Real and Personal Property; Nonprofit Association as Beneficiary

Sec. 252.004.  REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY;  NONPROFIT ASSOCIATION AS BENEFICIARY.  (a)  A nonprofit association in its name may acquire, hold, encumber, or transfer an estate or interest in real or personal property.
(b)  A nonprofit association may be a beneficiary of a trust, contract, or will.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 252 - Unincorporated Nonprofit Associations › Section 252.005. Statement of Authority as to Real Property

Sec. 252.005.  STATEMENT OF AUTHORITY AS TO REAL PROPERTY.  (a)  A nonprofit association may execute and record a statement of authority to transfer an estate or interest in real property in the name of the nonprofit association.
(b)  An estate or interest in real property in the name of a nonprofit association may be transferred by a person so authorized in a statement of authority recorded in the county clerk's office in the county in which a transfer of the property would be recorded.
(c)  A statement of authority must contain:
(1)  the name of the nonprofit association;
(2)  the address in this state, including the street address, if any, of the nonprofit association, or, if the nonprofit association does not have an address in this state, its address out of state;  and
(3)  the name or title of a person authorized to transfer an estate or interest in real property held in the name of the nonprofit association.
(d)  A statement of authority must be executed in the same manner as a deed by a person who is not the person authorized to transfer the estate or interest.
(e)  The county clerk may collect a fee for recording a statement of authority in the amount authorized for recording a transfer of real property.
(f)  An amendment, including a cancellation, of a statement of authority must meet the requirements for execution and recording of an original statement.  Unless canceled earlier, a recorded statement of authority or its most recent amendment is canceled by operation of law on the fifth anniversary of the date of the most recent recording.
(g)  If the record title to real property is in the name of a nonprofit association and the statement of authority is recorded in the county clerk's office of the county in which a transfer of real property would be recorded, the authority of the person named in a statement of authority is conclusive in favor of a person who gives value without notice that the person lacks authority.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 252 - Unincorporated Nonprofit Associations › Section 252.006. Liability in Tort and Contract

Sec. 252.006.  LIABILITY IN TORT AND CONTRACT.  (a)  A nonprofit association is a legal entity separate from its members for the purposes of determining and enforcing rights, duties, and liabilities in contract and tort.
(b)  A person is not liable for a breach of a nonprofit association's contract or for a tortious act or omission for which a nonprofit association is liable merely because the person is a member, is authorized to participate in the management of the affairs of the nonprofit association, or is a person considered as a member by the nonprofit association.
(c)  A tortious act or omission of a member or other person for which a nonprofit association is liable is not imputed to a person merely because the person is a member of the nonprofit association, is authorized to participate in the management of the affairs of the nonprofit association, or is a person considered as a member by the nonprofit association.
(d)  A member of, or a person considered as a member by, a nonprofit association may assert a claim against the nonprofit association.  A nonprofit association may assert a claim against a member or a person considered as a member by the nonprofit association.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 252 - Unincorporated Nonprofit Associations › Section 252.007. Capacity to Assert and Defend; Standing

Sec. 252.007.  CAPACITY TO ASSERT AND DEFEND;  STANDING.  (a)  A nonprofit association, in its name, may institute, defend, intervene, or participate in a judicial, administrative, or other governmental proceeding or in an arbitration, mediation, or any other form of alternative dispute resolution.
(b)  A nonprofit association may assert a claim in its name on behalf of members of the nonprofit association if:
(1)  one or more of the nonprofit association's members have standing to assert a claim in their own right;
(2)  the interests the nonprofit association seeks to protect are germane to its purposes;  and
(3)  neither the claim asserted nor the relief requested requires the participation of a member.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 252 - Unincorporated Nonprofit Associations › Section 252.008. Effect of Judgment or Order

Sec. 252.008.  EFFECT OF JUDGMENT OR ORDER.  A judgment or order against a nonprofit association is not by itself a judgment or order against a member or a person considered as a member by the nonprofit association.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 252 - Unincorporated Nonprofit Associations › Section 252.009. Disposition of Personal Property of Inactive Nonprofit Association

Sec. 252.009.  DISPOSITION OF PERSONAL PROPERTY OF INACTIVE NONPROFIT ASSOCIATION.  (a)  If a nonprofit association has been inactive for three years or longer, or a shorter period as specified in a document of the nonprofit association, a person in possession or control of personal property of the nonprofit association may transfer the custody of the property:
(1)  if a document of a nonprofit association specifies a person to whom transfer is to be made under these circumstances, to that person;  or
(2)  if no person is specified, to a nonprofit association or nonprofit corporation pursuing broadly similar purposes, or to a government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality.
(b)  Notwithstanding the above, if a nonprofit association is classified under the Internal Revenue Code as a 501(c)(3) organization or is or holds itself out to be established or operating for a charitable, religious, or educational purpose, as defined by Section 501(c)(3), Internal Revenue Code, then any distribution must be made to another nonprofit association or nonprofit corporation with similar charitable, religious, or educational purposes.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 252 - Unincorporated Nonprofit Associations › Section 252.010. Books and Records

Sec. 252.010.  BOOKS AND RECORDS.  (a)  A nonprofit association shall keep correct and complete books and records of account for at least three years after the end of each fiscal year and shall make the books and records available on request to members of the association for inspection and copying.
(b)  The attorney general may inspect, examine, and make copies of the books, records, and other documents the attorney general considers necessary and may investigate the association to determine if a violation of any law of this state has occurred.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 252 - Unincorporated Nonprofit Associations › Section 252.011. Appointment of Agent to Receive Service of Process

Sec. 252.011.  APPOINTMENT OF AGENT TO RECEIVE SERVICE OF PROCESS.  (a)  A nonprofit association may file in the office of the secretary of state a statement appointing an agent authorized to receive service of process.
(b)  A statement appointing an agent must contain:
(1)  the name of the nonprofit association;
(2)  the federal taxpayer identification number of the nonprofit association, if applicable;
(3)  the address in this state, including the street address, if any, of the nonprofit association or, if the nonprofit association does not have an address in this state, its address out of state; and
(4)  the name of the person in this state authorized to receive service of process and the person's address, including the street address, in this state.
(c)  A statement appointing an agent must be signed by a person authorized to manage the affairs of the nonprofit association.  The statement must also be signed by the person appointed agent, who by signing accepts the appointment.  The appointed agent may resign by filing a resignation in the office of the secretary of state and giving notice to the nonprofit association.
(d)  The secretary of state may collect a fee for filing a statement appointing an agent to receive service of process, an amendment, a cancellation, or a resignation in the amount charged for filing similar documents.
(e)  An amendment to a statement appointing an agent to receive service of process must meet the requirements for execution of an original statement.
(f)  A statement appointing an agent may be canceled by filing with the secretary of state a written notice of cancellation executed by a person authorized to manage the affairs of the nonprofit association.  A notice of cancellation must contain:
(1)  the name of the nonprofit association;
(2)  the federal taxpayer identification number of the nonprofit association, if applicable;
(3)  the date of filing of the nonprofit association's statement appointing the agent; and
(4)  a current street address, if any, of the nonprofit association in this state or, if the nonprofit association does not have an address in this state, its address out of state.
(g)  The secretary of state may adopt forms and procedural rules for filing documents under this section.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
Amended by:
Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 139 (S.B. 748), Sec. 58, eff. September 1, 2011.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 252 - Unincorporated Nonprofit Associations › Section 252.012. Claim Not Abated by Change

Sec. 252.012.  CLAIM NOT ABATED BY CHANGE.  A claim for relief against a nonprofit association does not abate merely because of a change in the members or persons authorized to manage the affairs of the nonprofit association.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 252 - Unincorporated Nonprofit Associations › Section 252.013. Summons and Complaint; Service

Sec. 252.013.  SUMMONS AND COMPLAINT;  SERVICE.  (a)  In an action or proceeding against a nonprofit association, a summons and complaint must be served on an agent authorized by appointment to receive service of process, an officer, a managing or general agent, or a person authorized to participate in the management of its affairs, in accordance with the Civil Practice and Remedies Code.
(b)  Not later than the 10th day after the date of a request by the attorney general to an officer or board member of a nonprofit association or to the nonprofit association, the nonprofit association shall provide to the attorney general the names, current addresses, and telephone numbers of:
(1)  each agent authorized to receive service of process on behalf of the nonprofit association;  and
(2)  each officer, managing or general agent, and other person authorized to participate in the management of the affairs of the nonprofit association.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 252 - Unincorporated Nonprofit Associations › Section 252.014. Uniformity of Application and Construction

Sec. 252.014.  UNIFORMITY OF APPLICATION AND CONSTRUCTION.  This chapter shall be applied and construed to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this chapter among states enacting it.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 252 - Unincorporated Nonprofit Associations › Section 252.015. Transition Concerning Real and Personal Property

Sec. 252.015.  TRANSITION CONCERNING REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY.  If, before September 1, 1995, an estate or interest in real or personal property was by the terms of the transfer purportedly transferred to a nonprofit association, but under the law the estate or interest was vested in a fiduciary such as officers of the nonprofit association to hold the estate or interest for members of the nonprofit association, on or after September 1, 1995, the fiduciary may transfer the estate or interest to the nonprofit association in its name, or the nonprofit association, by appropriate proceedings, may require that the estate or interest be transferred to it in its name.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 252 - Unincorporated Nonprofit Associations › Section 252.016. Effect on Other Law

Sec. 252.016.  EFFECT ON OTHER LAW.  This chapter replaces existing law with respect to matters covered by this chapter but does not affect other law covering unincorporated nonprofit associations.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 252 - Unincorporated Nonprofit Associations › Section 252.017. Chapter Controlling

Sec. 252.017.  CHAPTER CONTROLLING.  (a)  Except as provided by Subsection (b), the only provisions of this code that apply to or govern a nonprofit association are the provisions of this chapter.
(b)  Chapters 1, 4, and 10 and, if a nonprofit association designates an agent for service of process, Subchapter E, Chapter 5, apply to a nonprofit association.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
Amended by:
Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 75 (S.B. 1518), Sec. 33, eff. September 1, 2017.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 6 - Associations › Chapter 252 - Unincorporated Nonprofit Associations › Section 252.018. Mergers and Conversions

Sec. 252.018.  MERGERS AND CONVERSIONS.  A nonprofit association may effect a merger or conversion by complying with the applicable provisions of Chapter 10 and the nonprofit association's governing documents.
Added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 75 (S.B. 1518), Sec. 34, eff. September 1, 2017.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 7 - Professional Entities › Chapter 301 - Provisions Relating to Professional Entities › Section 301.001. Applicability of Title

Sec. 301.001.  APPLICABILITY OF TITLE.  (a)  This title applies only to a professional entity or foreign professional entity.
(b)  This title does not affect:
(1)  the professional or confidential relationship between a person who provides a professional service and the recipient of that service;  or
(2)  a person's legal remedies against another person who commits an error, omission, negligent or incompetent act, or malfeasance while providing a professional service.
(c)  This title does not apply to a partnership, including a limited liability partnership.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
Amended by:
Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 688 (H.B. 1737), Sec. 134, eff. September 1, 2007.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 7 - Professional Entities › Chapter 301 - Provisions Relating to Professional Entities › Section 301.002. Conflicts of Law

Sec. 301.002.  CONFLICTS OF LAW.  This title prevails over a conflicting provision of Title 1, 2, or 3.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 7 - Professional Entities › Chapter 301 - Provisions Relating to Professional Entities › Section 301.003. Definitions

Sec. 301.003.  DEFINITIONS.  In this title:
(1)  "Licensed mental health professional" means a person, other than a physician, who is licensed by the state to engage in the practice of psychology or psychiatric nursing or to provide professional therapy or counseling services.
(2)  "Professional association" means an association, as distinguished from either a partnership or a corporation, that is:
(A)  formed for the purpose of providing the professional service rendered by a doctor of medicine, doctor of osteopathy, doctor of podiatry, dentist, chiropractor, optometrist, therapeutic optometrist, veterinarian, or licensed mental health professional; and
(B)  governed as a professional entity under this title.
(3)  "Professional corporation" means a corporation that is:
(A)  formed for the purpose of providing a professional service, other than the practice of medicine by physicians, surgeons, or other doctors of medicine, that by law a corporation governed by Title 2 is prohibited from rendering; and
(B)  governed as a professional entity under this title.
(4)  "Professional entity" means a professional association, professional corporation, or professional limited liability company.
(5)  "Professional individual," with respect to a professional entity, means an individual who is licensed to provide in this state or another jurisdiction the same professional service as is rendered by that professional entity.
(6)  "Professional limited liability company" means a limited liability company formed for the purpose of providing a professional service and governed as a professional entity under this title.
(7)  "Professional organization," with respect to a professional corporation or a professional limited liability company, means a person other than an individual, whether nonprofit, for-profit, domestic, or foreign and including a nonprofit corporation or nonprofit association, that renders the same professional service as the professional corporation or professional limited liability company only through owners, members, managerial officials, employees, or agents, each of whom is a professional individual or professional organization.
(8)  "Professional service" means any type of service that requires, as a condition precedent to the rendering of the service, the obtaining of a license in this state, including the personal service rendered by an architect, attorney, certified public accountant, dentist, physician, public accountant, or veterinarian.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
Amended by:
Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 64 (H.B. 1319), Sec. 97, eff. January 1, 2006.
Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 688 (H.B. 1737), Sec. 135, eff. September 1, 2007.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 7 - Professional Entities › Chapter 301 - Provisions Relating to Professional Entities › Section 301.004. Authorized Person

Sec. 301.004.  AUTHORIZED PERSON.  For purposes of this title, a person is an authorized person with respect to:
(1)  a professional association if the person is a professional individual;  and
(2)  a professional corporation or a professional limited liability company if the person is a professional individual or professional organization.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 7 - Professional Entities › Chapter 301 - Provisions Relating to Professional Entities › Section 301.005. Application for Registration of Foreign Professional Entity

Sec. 301.005.  APPLICATION FOR REGISTRATION OF FOREIGN PROFESSIONAL ENTITY.  (a)  When required by Chapter 9, a foreign professional entity must file an application for registration to transact business in this state.
(b)  The secretary of state may accept an application filed under Subsection (a) only if:
(1)  the name and purpose of the foreign professional entity stated in the application comply with this title and Chapters 2 and 5;  and
(2)  the application states that the jurisdiction of formation of the foreign professional entity permits reciprocal admission of an entity formed under this code.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 7 - Professional Entities › Chapter 301 - Provisions Relating to Professional Entities › Section 301.006. License Required to Provide Professional Service

Sec. 301.006.  LICENSE REQUIRED TO PROVIDE PROFESSIONAL SERVICE.  (a)  A professional association or foreign professional association may provide a professional service in this state only through owners, managerial officials, employees, or agents, each of whom:
(1)  is a professional individual;  and
(2)  is licensed in this state to provide the same professional service provided by the entity.
(b)  A professional entity or foreign professional entity, other than a professional association or foreign professional association, may provide a professional service in this state only through owners, managerial officials, employees, or agents, each of whom is an authorized person.
(c)  An individual may not, under the guise of employment, provide a professional service in this state unless the individual is licensed to provide the professional service under the laws of this state.
(d)  This section may not be construed to prohibit a professional entity or foreign professional entity from employing  nurses or from employing individuals who do not, according to general custom and practice, ordinarily provide a professional service, including clerks, secretaries, bookkeepers, technicians, or assistants.  To the extent this subsection conflicts with any other law, this subsection controls.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
Amended by:
Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 64 (H.B. 1319), Sec. 98, eff. January 1, 2006.
Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 688 (H.B. 1737), Sec. 136, eff. September 1, 2007.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 7 - Professional Entities › Chapter 301 - Provisions Relating to Professional Entities › Section 301.007. Certain Requirements to Be Owner, Governing Person, or Officer

Sec. 301.007.  CERTAIN REQUIREMENTS TO BE OWNER, GOVERNING PERSON, OR OFFICER.  (a)  A person may be an owner of a professional entity or a governing person of a professional limited liability company only if the person is an authorized person.
(b)  An individual may be an officer of a professional entity or a governing person of a professional association or professional corporation only if the individual is a professional individual.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 7 - Professional Entities › Chapter 301 - Provisions Relating to Professional Entities › Section 301.008. Duties and Powers of Owner or Managerial Official Who Ceases to Be Licensed; Purchase of Ownership Interest

Sec. 301.008.  DUTIES AND POWERS OF OWNER OR MANAGERIAL OFFICIAL WHO CEASES TO BE LICENSED;  PURCHASE OF OWNERSHIP INTEREST.  (a)  A managerial official of a professional entity who ceases to satisfy the requirements of Section 301.007 shall promptly resign the person's position and employment with the entity.
(b)  An owner of a professional entity who ceases to be an authorized person as required by Section 301.007 shall promptly relinquish the person's ownership interest in the entity.
(c)  A person who succeeds to the ownership interest of an owner shall promptly relinquish the person's financial interest in the entity if the person is not an authorized person as required by Section 301.007.
(d)  A professional entity shall purchase or cause to be purchased the ownership interest in the entity of a person who is required to relinquish the person's financial interest in the entity under this section.  The price and terms of a purchase of an ownership interest required under this subsection may be provided by the governing documents of the entity or an applicable agreement.
(e)  A person who owns all of the outstanding ownership interests in a professional entity but is required under this section to relinquish the person's financial interest in the entity may act as a managerial official or owner of the entity only for the purpose of winding up the affairs of the entity, including selling the outstanding ownership interests and other assets of the entity.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.