2023 Texas Statutes › Business and Commerce Code › Title 2 - Competition and Trade Practices › Chapter 17 - Deceptive Trade Practices › Subchapter E. Deceptive Trade Practices and Consumer Protection › Section 17.461. Pyramid Promotional Scheme

Sec. 17.461.  PYRAMID PROMOTIONAL SCHEME.  (a)  In this section:
(1)  "Compensation" means payment of money, a financial benefit, or another thing of value.  The term does not include payment based on sale of a product to a person, including a participant, who purchases the product for actual use or consumption.
(2)  "Consideration" means the payment of cash or the purchase of a product.  The term does not include:
(A)  a purchase of a product furnished at cost to be used in making a sale and not for resale;
(B)  a purchase of a product subject to a repurchase agreement that complies with Subsection (b);  or
(C)  time and effort spent in pursuit of a sale or in a recruiting activity.
(3)  "Participate" means to contribute money into a pyramid promotional scheme without promoting, organizing, or operating the scheme.
(4)  "Product" means a good, a service, or intangible property of any kind.
(5)  "Promoting a pyramid promotional scheme" means:
(A)  inducing or attempting to induce one or more other persons to participate in a pyramid promotional scheme;  or
(B)  assisting another person in inducing or attempting to induce one or more other persons to participate in a pyramid promotional scheme, including by providing references.
(6)  "Pyramid promotional scheme" means a plan or operation by which a person gives consideration for the opportunity to receive compensation that is derived primarily from a person's introduction of other persons to participate in the plan or operation rather than from the sale of a product by a person introduced into the plan or operation.
(b)  To qualify as a repurchase agreement for the purposes of Subsection (a)(2)(B), an agreement must be an enforceable agreement by the seller to repurchase, on written request of the purchaser and not later than the first anniversary of the purchaser's date of purchase, all unencumbered products that are in an unused, commercially resalable condition at a price not less than 90 percent of the amount actually paid by the purchaser for the products being returned, less any consideration received by the purchaser for purchase of the products being returned.  A product that is no longer marketed by the seller is considered resalable if the product is otherwise in an unused, commercially resalable condition and is returned to the seller not later than the first anniversary of the purchaser's date of purchase, except that the product is not considered resalable if before the purchaser purchased the product it was clearly disclosed to the purchaser that the product was sold as a nonreturnable, discontinued, seasonal, or special promotion item.
(c)  A person commits an offense if the person contrives, prepares, establishes, operates, advertises, sells, or promotes a pyramid promotional scheme.  An offense under this subsection is a state jail felony.
(d)  It is not a defense to prosecution for an offense under this section that the pyramid promotional scheme involved both a franchise to sell a product and the authority to sell additional franchises if the emphasis of the scheme is on the sale of additional franchises.
Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 463, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.