reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 4 - Interest › § 203. Duty of lender

§ 203. Duty of lender
(a) The lender shall, at or before the loan closing, cause disbursement of loan funds to the settlement agent; however, in the case of a refinancing, or any other loan where a right of rescission applies but has not been exercised, the lender shall, prior to 2:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time of the first business day after the expiration of the rescission period required under the federal Truth-in-Lending Act (15 U.S.C. § 1601 et seq.), cause disbursement of loan funds to the settlement agent.
(b) If the lender is acting as settlement agent, the lender shall cause disbursement of the settlement proceeds at the loan closing, or, for any other loan where a right of rescission applies, the lender shall cause disbursement of the settlement proceeds on the first business day after the expiration of the rescission period.
(c) The lender shall not be entitled to receive or charge any interest on the loan until disbursement of the settlement proceeds. (Added 2001, No. 55, § 2.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 4 - Interest › § 204. Duty of settlement agent that is not a lender

§ 204. Duty of settlement agent that is not a lender
A settlement agent that has received the loan funds from the lender shall cause disbursement of settlement proceeds at the loan closing, or, for any other loan where a right of rescission applies, the settlement agent shall cause disbursement of the settlement proceeds on the first business day after the expiration of the rescission period. (Added 2001, No. 55, § 2.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 4 - Interest › § 205. Commissioner’s powers

§ 205. Commissioner’s powers
(a) The Commissioner may:
(1) impose an administrative penalty of not more than $1,000.00 for each violation upon any person who violates or participates in the violation of this subchapter, or any lawful regulation or order issued thereunder;
(2) order any person to make restitution to any person injured as a result of a violation of this subchapter; and
(3) order any person to cease and desist in any specified conduct.
(b) The powers vested in the Commissioner by this subchapter shall be in addition to any other powers to enforce any penalties, fines, or forfeitures authorized by law. (Added 2001, No. 55, § 2.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 4 - Interest › § 206. Consumer remedies

§ 206. Consumer remedies
(a) A lender or settlement agent who violates any provision of this subchapter and causes actual damage to a consumer is subject to a civil action by the aggrieved consumer in which the consumer has the right to recover the greater of actual damages in an amount determined by the court or, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, an amount determined by the court of not less than $250.00 nor more than $1,000.00, plus costs of the action, together with reasonable attorney’s fees.
(b) Liability under subsection (a) of this section is limited to actual damages, plus costs of the action, together with reasonable attorney’s fees, if the lender or settlement agent shows by a preponderance of the evidence that the violation was not intentional and resulted from a bona fide error notwithstanding the maintenance of procedures reasonably adopted to avoid any such error.
(c) An action may not be brought pursuant to this section more than two years after the loan closing has occurred. (Added 2001, No. 55, § 2.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 20 - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act › § 272. Scope

§ 272. Scope
(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, this chapter applies to electronic records and electronic signatures relating to a transaction.
(b) This chapter does not apply to:
(1) a transaction to the extent it is governed by a law governing the creation and execution of wills, codicils, or testamentary trusts;
(2) a transaction to the extent it is governed by a state statute, regulation, or other rule of law governing adoption, divorce, or other matters of family law;
(3) a transaction to the extent it is governed by the Uniform Commercial Code, other than 9A V.S.A. §§ 1-107 and 1-206, Article 2, and Article 2A;
(4) court orders or notices, or official court documents, including briefs, pleadings, and other writings, required to be executed in connection with court proceedings; or
(5) any notice of:
(A) the cancellation or termination of utility services (including water, heat, and power);
(B) default, acceleration, repossession, foreclosure, or eviction, or the right to cure, under a credit agreement secured by, or a rental agreement for, a primary residence of an individual;
(C) the cancellation or termination of health insurance or benefits or life insurance benefits (excluding annuities);
(D) recall of a product, or material failure of a product, that risks endangering health or safety; or
(E) a right to cancel a home solicitation sale required pursuant to section 2454 of this title;
(6) any document required to accompany any transportation or handling of hazardous materials, pesticides, or other toxic or dangerous materials.
(c) This chapter applies to an electronic record or electronic signature otherwise excluded from the application of this chapter under subsection (b) of this section to the extent that it is governed by a law other than those specified in subsection (b).
(d) A transaction subject to this chapter is also subject to other applicable substantive law. (Added 2003, No. 44, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2004; amended 2019, No. 131 (Adj. Sess.), § 9.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 20 - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act › § 273. Prospective application

§ 273. Prospective application
This chapter applies to any electronic record or electronic signature created, generated, sent, communicated, received, or stored on or after January 1, 2004. (Added 2003, No. 44, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2004.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 20 - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act › § 274. Use of electronic records and electronic signatures; variation by agreement

§ 274. Use of electronic records and electronic signatures; variation by agreement
(a) This chapter does not require a record or signature to be created, generated, sent, communicated, received, stored, or otherwise processed or used by electronic means or in electronic form.
(b) This chapter applies only to transactions between parties, each of which has agreed to conduct transactions by electronic means. Whether the parties agree to conduct a transaction by electronic means is determined from the context and surrounding circumstances, including the parties’ conduct.
(c) A party that agrees to conduct a transaction by electronic means may refuse to conduct other transactions by electronic means. This subsection may not be waived by agreement.
(d) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the effect of any of its provisions may be varied by agreement. The presence in certain provisions of this chapter of the words “unless otherwise agreed,” or words of similar import, does not imply that the effect of other provisions may not be varied by agreement.
(e) Whether an electronic record or electronic signature has legal consequences is determined by this chapter and other applicable law. (Added 2003, No. 44, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2004.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 20 - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act › § 275. Construction and application

§ 275. Construction and application
This chapter must be construed and applied:
(1) to facilitate electronic transactions consistent with other applicable law;
(2) to be consistent with reasonable practices concerning electronic transactions and with the continued expansion of those practices; and
(3) to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this chapter among states enacting it. (Added 2003, No. 44, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2004.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 20 - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act › § 276. Legal recognition of electronic records, electronic signatures, and electronic contracts

§ 276. Legal recognition of electronic records, electronic signatures, and electronic contracts
(a) A record or signature may not be denied legal effect or enforceability solely because it is in electronic form.
(b) A contract may not be denied legal effect or enforceability solely because an electronic record was used in its formation.
(c) If a law requires a record to be in writing, an electronic record satisfies the law.
(d) If a law requires a signature, an electronic signature satisfies the law. (Added 2003, No. 44, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2004.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 20 - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act › § 277. Provision of information in writing; presentation of records

§ 277. Provision of information in writing; presentation of records
(a) If parties have agreed to conduct a transaction by electronic means and a law requires a person to provide, send, or deliver information in writing to another person, the requirement is satisfied if the information is provided, sent, or delivered, as the case may be, in an electronic record capable of retention by the recipient at the time of receipt. An electronic record is not capable of retention by the recipient if the sender or its information processing system inhibits the ability of the recipient to print or store the electronic record.
(b) If a law other than this chapter requires a record to be posted or displayed in a certain manner, to be sent, communicated, or transmitted by a specified method, or to contain information that is formatted in a certain manner, the following rules apply:
(1) The record must be posted or displayed in the manner specified in the other law.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (d)(2) of this section, the record must be sent, communicated, or transmitted by the method specified in the other law.
(3) The record must contain the information formatted in the manner specified in the other law.
(c) If a sender inhibits the ability of a recipient to store or print an electronic record, the electronic record is not enforceable against the recipient.
(d) The requirements of this section may not be varied by agreement, but:
(1) to the extent a law other than this chapter requires information to be provided, sent, or delivered in writing but permits that requirement to be varied by agreement, the requirement under subsection (a) of this section that the information be in the form of an electronic record capable of retention may also be varied by agreement; and
(2) a requirement under a law other than this chapter to send, communicate, or transmit a record by first-class mail may be varied by agreement to the extent permitted by the other law. (Added 2003, No. 44, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2004.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 20 - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act › § 278. Attribution and effect of electronic record and electronic signature

§ 278. Attribution and effect of electronic record and electronic signature
(a) An electronic record or electronic signature is attributable to a person if it was the act of the person. The act of the person may be shown in any manner, including a showing of the efficacy of any security procedure applied to determine the person to which the electronic record or electronic signature was attributable.
(b) The effect of an electronic record or electronic signature attributed to a person under subsection (a) of this section is determined from the context and surrounding circumstances at the time of its creation, execution, or adoption, including the parties’ agreement, if any, and otherwise as provided by law. (Added 2003, No. 44, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2004.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 20 - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act › § 279. Effect of change or error

§ 279. Effect of change or error
If a change or error in an electronic record occurs in a transmission between parties to a transaction, the following rules apply:
(1) If the parties have agreed to use a security procedure to detect changes or errors and one party has conformed to the procedure, but the other party has not, and the nonconforming party would have detected the change or error had that party also conformed, the conforming party may avoid the effect of the changed or erroneous electronic record.
(2) In an automated transaction involving an individual, the individual may avoid the effect of an electronic record that resulted from an error made by the individual or on the part of the individual in dealing with the electronic agent of another person if the electronic agent did not provide an opportunity for the prevention or correction of the error and, at the time the individual learns of the error, the individual:
(A) promptly notifies the other person of the error and that the individual did not intend to be bound by the electronic record received by the other person;
(B) takes reasonable steps, including steps that conform to the other person’s reasonable instructions, to return to the other person or, if instructed by the other person, to destroy the consideration received, if any, as a result of the erroneous electronic record; and
(C) has not used or received any benefit or value from the consideration, if any, received from the other person.
(3) If neither subdivision (1) nor (2) of this section applies, the change or error has the effect provided by other law, including the law of mistake, and the parties’ contract, if any.
(4) Subdivisions (2) and (3) of this section may not be varied by agreement. (Added 2003, No. 44, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2004.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 20 - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act › § 280. Notarization and acknowledgment

§ 280. Notarization and acknowledgment
If a law requires a signature or record to be notarized, acknowledged, verified, or made under oath, the requirement is satisfied if the electronic signature of the person authorized to perform those acts, together with all other information required to be included by other applicable law, is attached to or logically associated with the signature or record. (Added 2003, No. 44, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2004.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 20 - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act › § 281. Retention of electronic records; originals

§ 281. Retention of electronic records; originals
(a) If a law requires that a record be retained, the requirement is satisfied by retaining an electronic record of the information in the record that:
(1) accurately reflects the information set forth in the record at the time and after it was first generated in its final form as an electronic record or otherwise; and
(2) remains accessible to all persons who are entitled to access by statute, regulation, or rule of law, for the period required by such statute, regulation, or rule of law, in a form that is capable of being accurately reproduced for later reference, whether by transmission, printing, or otherwise.
(b) A requirement to retain a record in accordance with subsection (a) of this section does not apply to any information, the sole purpose of which is to enable the record to be sent, communicated, or received.
(c) A person may satisfy subsection (a) of this section by using the services of another person if the requirements of that subsection are satisfied.
(d) If a law requires a record to be presented or retained in its original form, or provides consequences if the record is not presented or retained in its original form, that law is satisfied by an electronic record retained in accordance with subsection (a) of this section.
(e) If a law requires retention of a check, that requirement is satisfied by retention of an electronic record of the information on the front and back of the check in accordance with subsection (a) of this section.
(f) A record retained as an electronic record in accordance with subsection (a) of this section satisfies a law requiring a person to retain a record for evidentiary, audit, or like purposes, unless a law enacted after January 1, 2004 specifically prohibits the use of an electronic record for the specified purpose.
(g) This section does not preclude a governmental agency of this State from specifying additional requirements for the retention of a record subject to the agency’s jurisdiction. (Added 2003, No. 44, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2004.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 20 - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act › § 282. Admissibility in evidence

§ 282. Admissibility in evidence
In a proceeding, evidence of a record or signature may not be excluded solely because it is in electronic form. (Added 2003, No. 44, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2004.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 20 - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act › § 283. Automated transaction

§ 283. Automated transaction
In an automated transaction, the following rules apply:
(1) A contract may be formed by the interaction of electronic agents of the parties, even if no individual was aware of or reviewed the electronic agents’ actions or the resulting terms and agreements.
(2) A contract may be formed by the interaction of an electronic agent and an individual, acting on the individual’s own behalf or for another person, including by an interaction in which the individual performs actions that the individual is free to refuse to perform and which the individual knows or has reason to know will cause the electronic agent to complete the transaction or performance.
(3) The terms of the contract are determined by the substantive law applicable to it. (Added 2003, No. 44, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2004.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 20 - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act › § 284. Time and place of sending and receipt

§ 284. Time and place of sending and receipt
(a) Unless otherwise agreed between the sender and the recipient, an electronic record is sent when it:
(1) is addressed properly or otherwise directed properly to an information processing system that the recipient has designated or uses for the purpose of receiving electronic records or information of the type sent and from which the recipient is able to retrieve the electronic record;
(2) is in a form capable of being processed by that system; and
(3) enters an information processing system outside the control of the sender or of a person that sent the electronic record on behalf of the sender or enters a region of the information processing system designated or used by the recipient that is under the control of the recipient.
(b) Unless otherwise agreed between the sender and the recipient, an electronic record is received when it:
(1) enters an information processing system that the recipient has designated or uses for the purpose of receiving electronic records or information of the type sent and from which the recipient is able to retrieve the electronic record; and
(2) is in a form capable of being processed by that system.
(c) Subsection (b) of this section applies even if the place the information processing system is located is different from the place the electronic record is deemed to be received under subsection (d) of this section.
(d) Unless otherwise expressly provided in the electronic record or agreed between the sender and the recipient, an electronic record is deemed to be sent from the sender’s place of business and to be received at the recipient’s place of business. For purposes of this subsection, the following rules apply:
(1) If the sender or recipient has more than one place of business, the place of business of that person is the place having the closest relationship to the underlying transaction.
(2) If the sender or the recipient does not have a place of business, the place of business is the sender’s or recipient’s residence, as the case may be.
(e) An electronic record is received under subsection (b) of this section even if no individual is aware of its receipt.
(f) Receipt of an electronic acknowledgment from an information processing system described in subsection (b) of this section establishes that a record was received but, by itself, does not establish that the content sent corresponds to the content received.
(g) If a person is aware that an electronic record purportedly sent under subsection (a) of this section, or purportedly received under subsection (b) of this section, was not actually sent or received, the legal effect of the sending or receipt is determined by other applicable law. Except to the extent permitted by the other law, the requirements of this subsection may not be varied by agreement. (Added 2003, No. 44, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2004.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 20 - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act › § 286. Preservation of rights and obligations

§ 286. Preservation of rights and obligations
This chapter does not:
(1) limit, alter, or otherwise affect any requirement imposed by a statute, regulation, or rule of law relating to the rights and obligations of persons under such statute, regulation, or rule of law other than a requirement that contracts or other records be written, signed, or in nonelectronic form; or
(2) require any person to agree to use or accept electronic records or electronic signatures. (Added 2003, No. 44, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2004.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 20 - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act › § 288. Accuracy and ability to retain contracts and other records

§ 288. Accuracy and ability to retain contracts and other records
Notwithstanding other provisions of this chapter, if a statute, regulation, or other rule of law requires that a contract or other record relating to a transaction be in writing, the legal effect, validity, or enforceability of an electronic record of such contract or other record may be denied if such electronic record is not in a form that is capable of being retained and accurately reproduced for later reference by all parties or persons who are entitled to retain the contract or other record. (Added 2003, No. 44, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2004.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 20 - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act › § 289. Procedures consistent with federal law

§ 289. Procedures consistent with federal law
Consistent with the provisions of Section 7002(a) of the Electronic Signatures in the Global and National Commerce Act, 15 U.S.C § 7002(a), this chapter sets forth alternative procedures or requirements for the use of electronic records to establish the legal effect or validity of records in electronic transactions. (Added 2003, No. 44, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2004.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 20 - Uniform Electronic Transactions Act › § 290. Severability clause

§ 290. Severability clause
If any provision of this chapter or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of this chapter that can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end, the provisions of this chapter are severable. (Added 2003, No. 44, § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2004.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 1921. Extent of lien; notice

§ 1921. Extent of lien; notice
(a) When a contract or agreement is made, whether in writing or not, for erecting, repairing, moving, or altering improvements to real property or for furnishing labor or material therefor, the person proceeding in pursuance of such contract or agreement shall have a lien upon such improvements and the lot of land on which the same stand to secure the payment of the same.
(b) A person who by virtue of a contract or agreement, either in writing or parol, with an agent, contractor, or subcontractor of the owner thereof, performs labor or furnishes materials for erecting, repairing, moving, or altering such improvements shall have a lien, to secure the payment of the same upon such improvements and the lot of land upon which the same stand, by giving notice in writing to such owner or his or her agent having charge of such property that he or she shall claim a lien for labor or material. The notice shall include the date that payment is due, if known. Such lien shall extend to the portions of the contract price remaining unpaid at the time such notice is received.
(c) A lien herein provided for shall not continue in force for more than 180 days from the time when payment became due for the last of such labor performed or materials furnished unless a notice of such lien is filed in the office of the town clerk as hereinafter provided.
(d) A lien under this section shall not take precedence over a deed or other conveyance to the extent that consideration therefor has been paid in good faith before record of such lien. Such lien shall not take precedence over a mortgage given by the owner thereof upon such building, property, or improvements and the lot of land on which the same stand, as security for the payment of money loaned and to be used by such owner in payment of the expenses of the same, if such mortgage is recorded before such lien is filed in the office of the town clerk as hereinafter provided. If such mortgagee shall receive written notice that any lien hereunder is to be claimed, such lien shall take precedence over such mortgage as to all advances thereafter made under such mortgage to such mortgagor, except such advances as the mortgagee may show were actually expended in completing such improvements to real property.
(e) The lot of land covered by such lien shall be deemed to be all of the land owned or held by the owner and used or designed for use in connection with such improvements, but such lien shall not extend to other adjacent lands used for purposes of profit.
(f) A lien under this section may not be waived in advance of the time such labor is performed or materials are furnished, and any provision calling for such advance waiver shall not be enforceable. (Amended 1985, No. 128 (Adj. Sess.); 2003, No. 144 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 1922. Effect of lien

§ 1922. Effect of lien
Unless a person has satisfied or paid the claim upon which such lien is founded after the person has received written notice of a lien as provided for in subsection 1921(b) of this title, or unless the lien has not been perfected within the time required under section 1924 of this title, such person shall not deed, mortgage, or otherwise convey property that is subject to a lien as provided herein without disclosing such lien to the vendee or mortgagee in writing or stating the existence of the same in the instrument conveying or mortgaging such property. If the person shall fail so to disclose such lien, he or she shall be liable to the person injured in a civil action on this statute for the damages so sustained. (Amended 2003, No. 144 (Adj. Sess.), § 2.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 1923. Recording notice of lien

§ 1923. Recording notice of lien
A person claiming a lien under section 1921 of this title shall file for record in the clerk’s office of the town where such real estate is situated a written memorandum, signed by him or her, asserting his or her claim, which shall charge such real estate with such lien as of the visible commencement of work or delivery of material to the extent and subject to the exceptions provided in sections 1921 and 1922 of this title. Several such liens, asserted as aforesaid, shall be paid pro rata, if the sum due or to become due from the owner thereof is not sufficient to pay the same in full.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 1924. Action to enforce lien

§ 1924. Action to enforce lien
Within 180 days from the time of filing such memorandum, if such payment is due at the time of such filing and within 180 days from the time such payment becomes due, if not due at the time of such filing, such person may commence his or her action for the same and cause such real estate or other property to be attached thereon. If he or she obtains judgment in the action, the record of such judgment shall contain a brief statement of the contract upon which the same is founded. (Amended 2003, No. 144 (Adj. Sess.), § 3.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 1925. Foreclosure

§ 1925. Foreclosure
Within five months after the date of such judgment, the plaintiff may cause a certified copy of the record thereof to be recorded in the office of the clerk of the town in which such real estate or other property is situated. Thereupon the same shall be holden for the amount due upon such judgment, with the costs of such copy and recording the same, as if it had been mortgaged for the payment thereof, from the time of the visible commencement of work or delivery of materials, subject, however, to the priorities provided in section 1921 of this title, and the plaintiff may obtain possession and foreclose the defendant’s equity of redemption as in case of a mortgage.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 1926. Death of landowner; effect on lien

§ 1926. Death of landowner; effect on lien
When the owner of real estate dies after a lien has been recorded, or dies pending an action brought against him or her to enforce a lien on such real estate, the action or lien shall not abate or be affected by the death of such owner, but the executor or administrator of the deceased shall be cited in and the action shall proceed to final judgment against the representative of the deceased defendant. Such real estate shall be holden for the amount due upon such judgment, with the cost of the copy of the record of the judgment and recording, as if it had been mortgaged for the payment of the same, in like manner as if the deceased defendant were alive. Such lien shall not be enforced to the diminution of a right or interest given by law to the surviving husband or wife, as the case may be, or to the children of such deceased person.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 1951. Artisan’s lien

§ 1951. Artisan’s lien
A person who makes, alters, launders, dry cleans, or repairs an article of personal property, at the request of the owner, shall have a lien thereon for his or her reasonable charges and may retain possession of the property until the same are paid.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 1952. Enforcement by sale

§ 1952. Enforcement by sale
When the debt secured thereby remains unpaid for three months after such lien attaches, the person having such lien, except as provided in section 1954 of this title, may sell such property at public auction in the town where such lien accrues. Notice of the time, place, and purpose of such sale shall be posted in two or more public places in such town at least 10 days prior thereto, and he or she may apply the proceeds of such sale to the satisfaction of the debt due him or her and the expenses of such sale. The surplus remaining shall be paid to the proper owner thereof within 10 days thereafter, or deposited for his or her benefit in the treasury of the town where the sale occurs.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 1953. Notice of sale

§ 1953. Notice of sale
At least 10 days prior thereto, notice in writing of the time and place of such sale and of the amount claimed to be due shall be given to the owner of such property, either personally, by mail, or by leaving the same at his or her place of abode, if a resident of this State. Otherwise such notice shall be given by publication thereof in some newspaper published in the town or county where such lien accrues, if there is one, and if not, by publication in a newspaper published in an adjoining county.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 1954. Price in dispute; tender by owner

§ 1954. Price in dispute; tender by owner
When the owner of such article of personal property desires to question the reasonableness of such charges, he or she may within such three months make tender therefor, and the person having such lien shall bring a civil action within 30 days after such tender to determine the amount due if he or she does not elect to accept such tender. The defendant may give evidence of the tender under the general denial and, on proof thereof, if the plaintiff does not recover a greater sum than the amount tendered, the defendant shall recover his or her costs. In case tender is made as above provided and an action is not brought by the person having such lien, such lien shall terminate 30 days from the time of such tender. The foregoing provisions shall not be construed as exclusive of any other remedies that the parties now have by law.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 1971. Unpaid wages; statutory lien; priority over subsequent mortgage or lien

§ 1971. Unpaid wages; statutory lien; priority over subsequent mortgage or lien
(a) A statutory lien is created on the real and personal property of a corporation for up to 30 days of unpaid wages.
(b) The liability of a corporation to an employee for unpaid wages that were earned for a 30-day period prior to the filing of a new mortgage or other lien upon the property of the corporation, in all cases, shall be a first lien thereon, notwithstanding any mortgage or other lien thereon recorded after such wages were earned. Notice of the lien if on personal property shall be filed with the Secretary of State and, if on real property, in the land records, by the employee or the Department of Labor acting on behalf of one or more employees. An employee who is owed wages or the Department of Labor acting on behalf of one or more employees may file an action to execute on the lien in the Civil Division of the Superior Court in the county in which the corporation has its principal place of business in the State, or in the Civil Division of the Washington County Superior Court. (Amended 2011, No. 124 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 1972. Preference for wage liens

§ 1972. Preference for wage liens
If a person or company is compelled to stop business by reason of an attachment upon mesne process and does not resume business within 30 days thereafter, an employee to whom such person or company is indebted for wages may attach the same property upon his or her debt. Such attachment shall take precedence over such prior attachment to an amount not exceeding $50.00 if made before sale thereof on execution.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 1991. Nature and extent of lien

§ 1991. Nature and extent of lien
A person cutting or drawing logs and acting under a contract with the owner thereof shall have a lien thereon for his or her wages that shall continue 60 days after the services are performed and have precedence of other claims except public taxes. Such lien shall not attach until the person claiming it files in the office of the clerk of the town where he or she performed the service, or if the town is unorganized, in the county clerk’s office, a brief statement of the contract under which he or she claims a lien and his or her purpose to enforce it against the property for the amount due for such service.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 1992. Action to enforce lien

§ 1992. Action to enforce lien
Such lien shall be void against a subsequent purchaser, unless an action is brought and the logs attached thereon within 30 days from the time the plaintiff’s right of action accrues against the person for whom he or she performed the services, and shall be void as to all persons, unless an action is brought and the logs attached thereon within 60 days from such time.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 1993. Procedure for attaching logs

§ 1993. Procedure for attaching logs
Such attachment shall be made by leaving a copy of the process in the office of the clerk of the town where the services were performed and also where the logs are located. If either town is unorganized, a copy of such process shall be left in the county clerk’s office.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 2011. Nature and extent of lien; registered marks

§ 2011. Nature and extent of lien; registered marks
If a person, firm, or corporation shall, by itself or others, make an advance or series of advances of money to the owner of, or person entitled to the possession of, any logs or pulpwood for the purpose of financing the cutting, hauling, yarding, piling, trucking, rafting, booming, driving, or towing of the same, it shall have a lien for the amount of all such advances, which shall take precedence over all claims, except taxes and liens provided for and enforceable under section 1991 of this title, and except all other liens legally acquired and filed or recorded prior to the placing of the registered mark thereon as herein provided, upon all of such logs or pulpwood on which it has caused its registered mark to be placed, and such lien with respect to such advances shall continue for all advances for two years after the date of making the last advance, and may be enforced by attachment. The term “registered mark” as used in the foregoing sentence means a mark described in a certificate of registration issued by the Secretary of State, pursuant to the provisions of section 2012 of this title, and recorded in the town clerk’s office for the town in which such logs or pulpwood were situated when such registered mark was placed thereon, or if the logs or pulpwood were situated in an unorganized town, gore, or grant, said registered mark must be recorded by the clerk of the county in which such unorganized town, gore, or grant is situated.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 2012. Registration of marks; regulations

§ 2012. Registration of marks; regulations
Any person, firm, or corporation desiring to appropriate for its own exclusive use any distinctive mark to be placed upon logs or pulpwood for identification may file a copy of such mark, accompanied by a statement claiming the exclusive use thereof for such purpose, with the Secretary of State, who, if satisfied that such mark is not the duplicate of, or deceptively similar to, any such mark theretofore registered in his or her office, shall register, and issue to and in the name of such person, firm, or corporation a certificate of registration of such mark. The person, firm, or corporation in whose name such certificate of registration is issued shall be entitled to the exclusive use of the mark therein described for all purposes of this subchapter. The fee for such filing and recording and for a duly attested certificate of the record thereof shall be $10.00. The Secretary may make such rules and regulations and prescribe such forms as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this subchapter.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 2013. Certified copies of certificates; fee

§ 2013. Certified copies of certificates; fee
The town clerk shall receive a fee of $6.00 for recording a certified copy of any such certificate of registration. (Amended 1971, No. 84, § 2; 1979, No. 161 (Adj. Sess.), § 2; 1993, No. 170 (Adj. Sess.), § 1; 2003, No. 70 (Adj. Sess.), § 5, eff. March 1, 2004.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 2014. Recording; fees

§ 2014. Recording; fees
No lien as provided for in this subchapter shall be valid, except as against the person to whom such advances were made, until written notice of advances made or to be made is recorded with the town clerk of the town wherein such logs or pulpwood are situated, or if the logs or pulpwood are situated in an unorganized town, gore, or grant, said written notice must be recorded by the clerk of the county in which such unorganized town, gore, or grant is situated. Five dollars shall be paid to the town or county clerk for recording said written notice. (Amended 1971, No. 84, § 3; 1979, No. 161 (Adj. Sess.), § 3.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 2031. Lien for labor and materials; enforcement

§ 2031. Lien for labor and materials; enforcement
A person who performs labor or furnishes materials in building, repairing, fitting, or furnishing a ship, vessel, or steamboat shall have a lien thereon for his or her wages and materials until eight months after it is completed, and may secure the same by attachment thereof. Such attachment shall have precedence of all other attachments and claims.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 2032. Prerequisites for lien

§ 2032. Prerequisites for lien
Before such lien attaches, such person shall present a claim for his or her services performed or materials furnished and shall demand payment of the same of the owner, agent, contractor, or person in whose care such ship, vessel, or steamboat is. Upon such demand, a payment or tender of the just amount due him or her shall discharge such lien.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 2051. Filing in town clerk’s office

§ 2051. Filing in town clerk’s office
Notices of liens upon real or personal property for taxes or other obligations payable to the United States of America, certificates and notices affecting the liens, and certificates discharging the liens shall be filed in the office of the town clerk of the town in this State within which the property subject to the lien is situated. (Amended 1987, No. 226 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 2052. Recording of notice of lien

§ 2052. Recording of notice of lien
When a notice of a federal lien is filed, the town clerk shall forthwith record the same in alphabetical order in a book kept for that purpose with the date and hour of filing the lien. A town clerk shall keep on file in the clerk’s office the notices of these liens. Liens filed under this section shall be indexed in accordance with 24 V.S.A. § 1153 or 1161. (Amended 1987, No. 226 (Adj. Sess.), § 2.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 2053. Discharge of lien

§ 2053. Discharge of lien
When a certificate of discharge of a federal lien is filed in the office of the town clerk, the town clerk shall enter the same, with the date of filing, upon the same page of the record where the notice of the lien is filed, and permanently attach the original certificate of discharge to the original notice of the lien. (Amended 1987, No. 227 (Adj. Sess.), § 3.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 2071. Liens for service of stallions

§ 2071. Liens for service of stallions
Colts foaled in this State and the mare producing the same shall be subject to a lien to secure the payment of the service fee of the stallion. Such lien shall continue in force until the colt is eight months old and may be enforced by attachment of such colt or mare at any time after the colt is four months old. Such lien shall take precedence of any other claim upon such colt, subject to the conditions of sections 2072-2074 of this title.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 2072. Filing of statement claiming lien

§ 2072. Filing of statement claiming lien
On or before April 1, or within 30 days after such stallion is brought into such town, the owner or manager of the stallion shall annually file in the office of the clerk of the town where such stallion is kept a declaration of an intention to claim such lien and a statement containing the name and age of such stallion, his pedigree for two generations, if known, and the terms of service. A copy of such statement shall be furnished the owner of each mare served and all bills or posters advertising such stallion shall contain a copy of such statement.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 2073. False statements in claim of lien

§ 2073. False statements in claim of lien
If the owner or manager in such statement makes a false representation regarding the pedigree of such stallion, the lien for such service shall be discharged and the service fee thereon secured shall be forfeited.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 2074. Penalty for fraudulent sale of mare

§ 2074. Penalty for fraudulent sale of mare
When the owner or manager of a stallion has complied with the requirements of section 2072 of this title, if the owner or person in whose name a mare has been mated with such stallion for breeding purposes disposes of such mare by sale or otherwise before foaling time without first settling with the owner or manager for the service of the stallion, or within 10 days after the disposal of the mare, he or she shall be subject to the same penalties that he or she would be for disposing of a colt encumbered by a lien. If such mare is returned for trial to the stallion after three weeks from the date of the last service and found not to have become pregnant and is not again served during that breeding season, the provisions of this section shall not apply to the disposal of such mare.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 2075. Lien for keeping or pasturing animals

§ 2075. Lien for keeping or pasturing animals
A person to whom charges are due for pasturing, boarding, or keeping domestic animals placed with the consent of the owner thereof in his or her care, if the charges become due while such animals remain in his or her possession, may retain the same until such charges are paid. After 30 days from the time the charges become due, he or she may sell such animals in the manner provided for the sale of property under a lien for repairs, if such charges remain unpaid.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 51 - Miscellaneous Liens › § 2091. Attachment not waiver of implied lien

§ 2091. Attachment not waiver of implied lien
A person holding personal property by a lien implied by law to ensure the payment of the debt secured by such lien, may cause the property to be attached on mesne process and sold on execution and such attachment shall not be a waiver of the lien.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 53 - Assignment for Benefit of Creditors › § 2151. Nature and form of assignment

§ 2151. Nature and form of assignment
An assignment of property, including choses in action, by a debtor for the benefit of creditors shall be in writing and signed by the debtor. If real estate is assigned, it shall be by deed, executed and recorded in the same manner as a conveyance of real estate. Such assignment shall be for the benefit of all the creditors of the assignor in proportion to their respective claims. An assignment shall not be valid against a creditor of the assignor if the assignee is a creditor or interested in the provisions of the assignment.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 9 - Commerce and Trade › Chapter 53 - Assignment for Benefit of Creditors › § 2152. Schedule; list of creditors

§ 2152. Schedule; list of creditors
Assignments shall be specific and accompanied by a full inventory or schedule of the property assigned, including choses in action, and with a list of the creditors to be benefited by the assignment and the sums due each one as near as may be.