reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.703. Formation of Close Corporation

Sec. 21.703.  FORMATION OF CLOSE CORPORATION.  A close corporation shall be formed in accordance with Chapter 3.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.704. Bylaws of Close Corporation

Sec. 21.704.  BYLAWS OF CLOSE CORPORATION.  (a)  A close corporation does not need to adopt bylaws if provisions required by law to be contained in the bylaws are contained in the certificate of formation or a shareholders' agreement.
(b)  A close corporation that does not have bylaws when it terminates its status as a close corporation under Section 21.708 shall immediately adopt bylaws that comply with Section 21.057.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.705. Adoption of Amendment for Close Corporation Status

Sec. 21.705.  ADOPTION OF AMENDMENT FOR CLOSE CORPORATION STATUS.  (a)  An ordinary corporation may become a close corporation by amending its certificate of formation in accordance with Chapter 3 to conform with Section 3.008.
(b)  An amendment adopting close corporation status must be approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of all of the outstanding shares of each class established by the close corporation, regardless of whether a class is entitled to vote on the amendment by the certificate of formation of the ordinary corporation.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.706. Adoption of Close Corporation Status Through Merger, Exchange, or Conversion

Sec. 21.706.  ADOPTION OF CLOSE CORPORATION STATUS THROUGH MERGER, EXCHANGE, OR CONVERSION.  (a)  A surviving or new corporation resulting from a merger or conversion or a corporation that acquires a corporation under an exchange under Chapter 10 may become a close corporation if, as part of the plan of merger, exchange, or conversion, the certificate of formation conforms with Section 3.008.
(b)  A plan of merger, exchange, or conversion adopting close corporation status must be approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of all of the outstanding ownership or membership interests, and of each class or series of ownership or membership interests, of each entity or non-code organization that is party to the merger, exchange, or conversion, regardless of whether a class or series of ownership or membership interests is entitled to vote on the plan by the certificate of formation of the corporation.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.707. Existing Close Corporation

Sec. 21.707.  EXISTING CLOSE CORPORATION.  (a)  This section applies to an existing corporation that elected to become a close corporation before the mandatory application date of this code and has not terminated that status.
(b)  A close corporation existing before the mandatory application date of this code is considered to be a close corporation under this code.
(c)  A provision in the articles of incorporation of a close corporation authorized under former law is valid and enforceable if the corporation's status as a close corporation has not been terminated.
(d)  An agreement among the shareholders of a close corporation in conformance with former law and Sections 21.714-21.725 before the mandatory application date of this code is considered to be a shareholders' agreement.
(e)  A certificate representing the shares issued or delivered by the close corporation after the mandatory application date of this code, whether in connection with the original issue of shares or a transfer of shares, must conform with Section 21.732.
(f)  In this section, "mandatory application date" has the meaning assigned by Section 401.001.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
Amended by:
Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 688 (H.B. 1737), Sec. 86, eff. September 1, 2007.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.708. Termination of Close Corporation Status

Sec. 21.708.  TERMINATION OF CLOSE CORPORATION STATUS.  A close corporation may terminate its status as a close corporation by:
(1)  filing a statement terminating close corporation status under Section 21.709;
(2)  amending the close corporation's certificate of formation under Chapter 3 by deleting from the certificate of formation the statement that it is a close corporation;
(3)  engaging in a merger, interest exchange, or conversion under Chapter 10, unless the plan of merger, exchange, or conversion provides that the surviving or new corporation will continue as or become a close corporation and the plan has been approved by the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of all of the outstanding shares, and of each class and series of shares, of the close corporation, regardless of whether a class or series of shares is entitled to vote on the plan by the certificate of formation;  or
(4)  instituting a judicial proceeding to enforce a close corporation provision providing for the termination.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.709. Statement Terminating Close Corporation Status; Filing; Notice

Sec. 21.709.  STATEMENT TERMINATING CLOSE CORPORATION STATUS;  FILING;  NOTICE.  (a)  If a close corporation provision specifies a time or event requiring the termination of close corporation status, regardless of whether the provision is identifiable by a person dealing with the close corporation, the termination of the close corporation status takes effect on the occurrence of the specified time or event and the filing of a statement terminating close corporation status under this section.
(b)  Promptly after the time or occurrence of an event requiring termination of close corporation status, a statement terminating close corporation status shall be signed by an officer on behalf of the close corporation.  A copy of the applicable close corporation provision must be included in or attached to the statement.  The statement and any attachment shall be filed with the secretary of state in accordance with Chapter 4.
(c)  The statement terminating close corporation status must contain:
(1)  the name of the corporation;
(2)  a statement that the corporation has terminated its status as a close corporation in accordance with the included or attached close corporation provision;  and
(3)  the time or event that caused the termination and, in the case of an event, the approximate date of the event.
(d)  After a statement terminating close corporation status has been filed under this section, the certificate of formation of the close corporation is considered to be amended to delete from the certificate the statement that the corporation is a close corporation, and the corporation's status as a close corporation is terminated.
(e)  The corporation shall personally deliver or mail a copy of the statement to each shareholder of the corporation.  A copy of the statement is considered to have been delivered by mail under this section when the copy is deposited in the United States mail, with postage prepaid, addressed to the shareholder at the shareholder's address as it appears on the share transfer records of the corporation.  The failure to deliver the copy of the statement does not affect the validity of the termination.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.710. Effect of Termination of Close Corporation Status

Sec. 21.710.  EFFECT OF TERMINATION OF CLOSE CORPORATION STATUS.  (a)  A close corporation that terminates its status as a close corporation and becomes an ordinary corporation is subject to this chapter as if the corporation had not elected close corporation status under this subchapter.
(b)  The effect of termination of close corporation status on a shareholders' agreement is governed by Section 21.724.
(c)  When the termination of close corporation status takes effect, if the close corporation's business and affairs have been managed by an entity other than a board of directors as provided by Section 21.725, governance by a board of directors is instituted or reinstated:
(1)  if provided by a shareholders' agreement, in the manner stated in the agreement or by the persons named in the agreement to serve as the interim board of directors;  or
(2)  if each party to a shareholders' agreement agrees to elect a board of directors at a shareholders' meeting.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.711. Shareholders' Meeting to Elect Directors

Sec. 21.711.  SHAREHOLDERS' MEETING TO ELECT DIRECTORS.  A shareholders' meeting required by Section 21.710(c)(2) shall be promptly called after the termination of close corporation status takes effect.  If a meeting is not called before the 31st day after the date the termination takes effect, a shareholder may call a shareholders' meeting on the provision of notice required by Section 21.353, regardless of whether the shareholder is entitled to call a shareholders' meeting or vote at the meeting.  At the meeting, the shareholders shall elect the number of directors specified in the certificate of formation or bylaws of the corporation or, in the absence of any specification, three directors.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.712. Term of Office of Directors

Sec. 21.712.  TERM OF OFFICE OF DIRECTORS.  A director succeeding to the management of the corporation under Section 21.710(c) shall have a term of office as set forth in Section 21.408.  Until a board of directors is elected, the shareholders of the corporation shall act as the corporation's board of directors, and the business and affairs of the corporation shall be conducted under Section 21.726.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.713. Management

Sec. 21.713.  MANAGEMENT.  A close corporation shall be managed:
(1)  by a board of directors in the same manner an ordinary corporation would be managed under this chapter;  or
(2)  in the manner provided by the close corporation's certificate of formation or by a shareholders' agreement of the close corporation.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.715. Execution of Shareholders' Agreement

Sec. 21.715.  EXECUTION OF SHAREHOLDERS' AGREEMENT.  A shareholders' agreement shall be executed:
(1)  in the case of an existing close corporation, by each shareholder at the time of execution, regardless of whether the shareholder has voting power;
(2)  in the case of an existing ordinary corporation that will adopt close corporation status under Section 21.705, by each shareholder at the time of execution, regardless of whether the shareholder has voting power;  or
(3)  in the case of a close corporation that is being formed under Section 21.703, by each person who is a subscriber to the corporation's shares or agrees to become a holder of the corporation's shares under the shareholders' agreement of the close corporation.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.716. Adoption of Amendment of Shareholders' Agreement

Sec. 21.716.  ADOPTION OF AMENDMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS' AGREEMENT.  Unless otherwise provided by a shareholders' agreement, an amendment to the shareholders' agreement of a close corporation may be adopted only by the written consent of each person who would be required to execute the shareholders' agreement if it were being executed originally at the time of adoption of the amendment, regardless of whether the person has voting power in the close corporation.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.717. Delivery of Shareholders' Agreement

Sec. 21.717.  DELIVERY OF SHAREHOLDERS' AGREEMENT.  (a)  The close corporation shall deliver a complete copy of a shareholders' agreement to:
(1)  each person who is bound by the shareholders' agreement;
(2)  each person who is or will become a shareholder in the close corporation as provided by Section 21.715 when a certificate representing shares in the close corporation is delivered to the person;  and
(3)  each person to whom a certificate representing shares is issued and who has not received a complete copy of the agreement.
(b)  The failure to deliver a complete copy of a shareholders' agreement as required by this section does not affect the validity or enforceability of the shareholders' agreement.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.718. Statement of Operation as Close Corporation

Sec. 21.718.  STATEMENT OF OPERATION AS CLOSE CORPORATION.  (a)  On or after the formation of a close corporation or adoption of close corporation status, a close corporation that begins to conduct its business and affairs under a shareholders' agreement that has become effective shall promptly execute and file with the secretary of state a statement of operation as a close corporation in accordance with Chapter 4.
(b)  The statement required by Subsection (a) must:
(1)  contain the name of the close corporation;
(2)  state that the close corporation is being operated and its business and affairs are being conducted under the terms of a shareholders' agreement under this subchapter;  and
(3)  contain the date the operation of the corporation began.
(c)  A statement of operation as a close corporation shall be executed by an officer on behalf of the corporation.
(d)  On the filing of the statement of operation as a close corporation, the fact that the close corporation is being operated and its business and affairs are being conducted under the terms of a shareholders' agreement becomes a matter of public record.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.719. Validity and Enforceability of Shareholders' Agreement

Sec. 21.719.  VALIDITY AND ENFORCEABILITY OF SHAREHOLDERS' AGREEMENT.  (a)   A shareholders' agreement executed in accordance with Section 21.715 is valid and enforceable notwithstanding:
(1)  the elimination of a board of directors;
(2)  any restriction imposed on the discretion or powers of the board of directors or other person empowered to manage the close corporation;  and
(3)  that the effect of the shareholders' agreement is to treat the business and affairs of the close corporation as if the close corporation were a partnership or in a manner that would otherwise be appropriate only among partners.
(b)  A close corporation, a shareholder of the close corporation, or a party to a shareholders' agreement may initiate a proceeding to enforce the shareholders' agreement in accordance with Section 21.756.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.720. Persons Bound by Shareholders' Agreement

Sec. 21.720.  PERSONS BOUND BY SHAREHOLDERS' AGREEMENT.  (a)  A shareholders' agreement executed in accordance with Section 21.715 is:
(1)  considered to be an agreement among all of the shareholders of the close corporation;  and
(2)  binding on and enforceable against each shareholder of the close corporation, regardless of whether:
(A)  a particular shareholder acquired shares in the close corporation by purchase, gift, bequest, or otherwise;  or
(B)  the shareholder had actual knowledge of the existence of the shareholders' agreement at the time of acquiring shares.
(b)  A transferee or assignee of shares of a close corporation in which there is a shareholders' agreement is bound by the agreement for all purposes, regardless of whether the transferee or assignee executed or was aware of the agreement.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.721. Delivery of Copy of Shareholders' Agreement to Transferee

Sec. 21.721.  DELIVERY OF COPY OF SHAREHOLDERS' AGREEMENT TO TRANSFEREE.  (a)  Before the transfer of shares of a close corporation in which there is a shareholders' agreement, the transferor shall deliver a complete copy of the shareholders' agreement to the transferee.
(b)  If the transferor fails to deliver a complete copy of the shareholders' agreement:
(1)  the validity and enforceability of the shareholders' agreement against each shareholder of the corporation, including the transferee, is not affected;
(2)  the right, title, or interest of the transferee in the transferred shares is not adversely affected;  and
(3)  the transferee is entitled to obtain on demand from the transferor or from the close corporation a complete copy of the shareholders' agreement at the transferor's expense.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.722. Effect of Required Statement on Share Certificate and Delivery of Shareholders' Agreement

Sec. 21.722.  EFFECT OF REQUIRED STATEMENT ON SHARE CERTIFICATE AND DELIVERY OF SHAREHOLDERS' AGREEMENT.  If a certificate representing shares of a close corporation contains the statement required by Section 21.732, and a complete copy of each shareholders' agreement has been delivered as required by Section 21.717, each holder, transferee, or other person claiming an interest in the shares of the close corporation is conclusively presumed to have knowledge of a close corporation provision in effect at the time of the transfer.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.723. Party Not Bound by Shareholders' Agreement on Cessation; Liability

Sec. 21.723.  PARTY NOT BOUND BY SHAREHOLDERS' AGREEMENT ON CESSATION;  LIABILITY.  (a)  Notwithstanding the person's signature, a person ceases to be a party to, and bound by, a shareholders' agreement when the person ceases to be a shareholder of the close corporation unless:
(1)  the person's attempted cessation was in violation of Section 21.721 or the shareholders' agreement;  or
(2)  the shareholders' agreement provides to the contrary.
(b)  Cessation as a party to a shareholders' agreement or as a shareholder does not relieve a person of liability the person may have incurred for breach of the shareholders' agreement.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.724. Termination of Shareholders' Agreement

Sec. 21.724.  TERMINATION OF SHAREHOLDERS' AGREEMENT.  (a)  Except as provided by Subsection (b), a shareholders' agreement terminates when the close corporation terminates its status as a close corporation.
(b)  If provided by the shareholders' agreement, all or part of the agreement is valid and enforceable to the extent permitted for an ordinary corporation by this chapter or other law.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.725. Consequences of Management by Persons Other Than Board of Directors

Sec. 21.725.  CONSEQUENCES OF MANAGEMENT BY PERSONS OTHER THAN BOARD OF DIRECTORS.  Sections 21.726-21.729 apply only to a close corporation the business and affairs of which are managed wholly or partly by the shareholders of the close corporation or any other person as provided by a shareholders' agreement rather than solely by a board of directors.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.726. Shareholders Considered Directors

Sec. 21.726.  SHAREHOLDERS CONSIDERED DIRECTORS.  (a)  When required by the context of this chapter, the shareholders of a close corporation described by Section 21.725 are considered to be directors of the close corporation for purposes of applying a provision of this chapter, other than a provision relating to the election and removal of directors.
(b)  A requirement that an instrument filed with a governmental agency contain a statement that a specified action has been taken by the board of directors is satisfied by a statement that:
(1)  the corporation is a close corporation with no board of directors;  and
(2)  the action was approved by the shareholders of the close corporation or the persons empowered to manage the business and affairs of the close corporation under a shareholders' agreement.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.727. Liability of Shareholders

Sec. 21.727.  LIABILITY OF SHAREHOLDERS.  The shareholders of a close corporation described by Section 21.725 are subject to any liability imposed on a director of a corporation by this chapter or other law for a managerial act of or omission made by the shareholders or any other person empowered to manage the business and affairs of the close corporation under a shareholders' agreement and relating to the business and affairs of the close corporation, if the action is required by law to be undertaken by the board of directors.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.728. Mode and Effect of Taking Action by Shareholders and Others

Sec. 21.728.  MODE AND EFFECT OF TAKING ACTION BY SHAREHOLDERS AND OTHERS.  (a)  An action that shall or may be taken by the board of directors of an ordinary corporation as required or authorized by this chapter shall or may be taken by action of the shareholders of a close corporation described by Section 21.725 at a meeting of the shareholders or, in the manner permitted by a shareholders' agreement, this subchapter, or this chapter, without a meeting.
(b)  Unless otherwise provided by the certificate of formation of the close corporation or a shareholders' agreement of the close corporation, an action is binding on a close corporation if the action is taken after:
(1)  the affirmative vote of the holders of the majority of all outstanding shares entitled to vote on the action;  or
(2)  the consent of all of the shareholders of the close corporation, which may be proven by:
(A)  the full knowledge of the action by all of the shareholders and the shareholders' failure to object to the action in a timely manner;
(B)  written consent to the action in accordance with Section 6.201 or this chapter or any other writing executed by or on behalf of all of the shareholders reasonably evidencing the consent;  or
(C)  any other means reasonably evidencing the consent.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.729. Limitation of Shareholder's Liability

Sec. 21.729.  LIMITATION OF SHAREHOLDER'S LIABILITY.  (a)  A shareholder of a close corporation described by Section 21.725 is not liable because of a shareholders' vote or shareholder action without a vote unless the shareholder had the right to vote or consent to the action.
(b)  A shareholder of a close corporation, without regard to the right to vote or consent, may not be held liable for an action taken by the shareholders or a person empowered to manage the business and affairs of the close corporation under a shareholders' agreement if the shareholder dissents from and has not voted for or consented to the action.
(c)  The dissent of a shareholder may be proven by:
(1)  an entry in the minutes of the meeting of shareholders;
(2)  a written dissent filed with the secretary of the meeting before the adjournment of the meeting;
(3)  a written dissent that is sent to the secretary of the close corporation:
(A)  promptly after the meeting or after a written consent was obtained from the other shareholders; and
(B)  by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, or by other means specified in the corporation's governing documents; or
(4)  any other means reasonably evidencing the dissent.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
Amended by:
Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 75 (S.B. 1518), Sec. 14, eff. September 1, 2017.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.730. Lack of Formalities; Treatment as Partnership

Sec. 21.730.  LACK OF FORMALITIES;  TREATMENT AS PARTNERSHIP.  The failure of a close corporation under this subchapter to observe a usual formality or requirement prescribed for an ordinary corporation by this chapter relating to the exercise of corporate powers or the management of a corporation's business and affairs and the performance of a shareholders' agreement that treats the close corporation as if the corporation were a partnership or in a manner that otherwise is appropriate only among partners may not:
(1)  be a factor in determining whether to impose personal liability on the shareholders for the close corporation's obligations by disregarding the separate entity of the close corporation or otherwise;
(2)  be grounds for invalidating an otherwise valid shareholders' agreement;  or
(3)  affect the status of the close corporation as a corporation under this chapter or other law.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.731. Other Agreements Among Shareholders Permitted

Sec. 21.731.  OTHER AGREEMENTS AMONG SHAREHOLDERS PERMITTED.  Sections 21.713-21.730 do not prohibit or impair any other agreement between two or more shareholders of an ordinary corporation permitted by this chapter or other law.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter O. Close Corporation › Section 21.732. Close Corporation Share Certificates

Sec. 21.732.  CLOSE CORPORATION SHARE CERTIFICATES.  (a)  In addition to a matter required or authorized by law to be stated on a certificate representing shares, each certificate representing shares issued by a close corporation must conspicuously state on the front or back of the certificate:  "These shares are issued by a close corporation as defined by the Texas Business Organizations Code.  Under Chapter 21 of that code, a shareholders' agreement may provide for management of a close corporation by the shareholders or in other ways different from an ordinary corporation.  This may subject the holder of this certificate to certain obligations and liabilities not otherwise imposed on shareholders of an ordinary corporation.  On a sale or transfer of these shares, the transferor is required to deliver to the transferee a complete copy of any shareholders' agreement."
(b)  Notwithstanding this chapter and Section 3.202, the status of a corporation as a close corporation is not affected by the failure of a share certificate to contain the statement required by Subsection (a).
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter P. Judicial Proceedings Relating to Close Corporation › Section 21.751. Definitions

Sec. 21.751.  DEFINITIONS.  In this subchapter:
(1)  "Court" means a district court in the county in which the principal office of the close corporation is located.
(2)  "Custodian" means a person appointed by a court under Section 21.761.
(3)  "Provisional director" means a person appointed by a court under Section 21.758.
(4)  "Shareholder" means a record or beneficial owner of shares in a close corporation, including:
(A)  a person holding a beneficial interest in the shares under an inter vivos, testamentary, or voting trust; or
(B)  the personal representative, as defined by the Estates Code, of a record or beneficial owner.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
Amended by:
Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 324 (S.B. 1488), Sec. 22.001, eff. September 1, 2017.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter P. Judicial Proceedings Relating to Close Corporation › Section 21.752. Proceedings Authorized

Sec. 21.752.  PROCEEDINGS AUTHORIZED.  In addition to any other judicial proceeding pertaining to an ordinary corporation provided for by this chapter or other law, a close corporation or shareholder may institute a proceeding in a district court in the county in which the principal office of the close corporation is located to:
(1)  enforce a close corporation provision;
(2)  appoint a provisional director;  or
(3)  appoint a custodian.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter P. Judicial Proceedings Relating to Close Corporation › Section 21.753. Notice; Intervention

Sec. 21.753.  NOTICE;  INTERVENTION.  (a)  Notice of the institution of a proceeding shall be given to the close corporation, if the corporation is not a plaintiff, and to each shareholder who is not a plaintiff in the manner prescribed by law and consistent with due process of law as directed by the court.
(b)  The close corporation or a shareholder of the close corporation may intervene in the proceeding.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter P. Judicial Proceedings Relating to Close Corporation › Section 21.754. Proceeding Nonexclusive

Sec. 21.754.  PROCEEDING NONEXCLUSIVE.  Except as provided by Section 21.755, the right of a close corporation or a shareholder to institute a proceeding under Section 21.752 is in addition to another right or remedy the plaintiff is entitled to under law.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter P. Judicial Proceedings Relating to Close Corporation › Section 21.755. Unavailability of Judicial Proceeding

Sec. 21.755.  UNAVAILABILITY OF JUDICIAL PROCEEDING.  (a)  A shareholder may not institute a proceeding before exhausting any nonjudicial remedy contained in a close corporation provision for resolution of an issue that is in dispute unless the shareholder proves that the close corporation, the shareholders as a whole, or the shareholder will suffer irreparable harm before the nonjudicial remedy is exhausted.
(b)  A shareholder may not institute a proceeding to seek damages or other monetary relief if the shareholder is entitled to dissent from a proposed action and receive the fair value of the shareholder's shares under this code or a shareholders' agreement.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter P. Judicial Proceedings Relating to Close Corporation › Section 21.756. Judicial Proceeding to Enforce Close Corporation Provision

Sec. 21.756.  JUDICIAL PROCEEDING TO ENFORCE CLOSE CORPORATION PROVISION.  (a)  In a judicial proceeding under this section, a court shall enforce a close corporation provision without regard to whether there is an adequate remedy at law.
(b)  The court may enforce a close corporation provision by injunction, specific performance, or other relief the court determines to be fair and equitable under the circumstances, including:
(1)  damages instead of or in addition to specific enforcement;
(2)  the appointment of a provisional director or custodian;
(3)  the appointment of a receiver for specific assets of the close corporation in accordance with Section 11.403;
(4)  the appointment of a receiver to rehabilitate the close corporation in accordance with Section 11.404;
(5)  subject to Section 21.757, the liquidation of the assets and business and involuntary termination of the close corporation and appointment of a receiver to effect the liquidation in accordance with Section 11.405;  and
(6)  the termination of close corporation status.
(c)  The court may not order termination of close corporation status under Subsection (b)(6) unless the court determines that:
(1)  any other remedy in law or equity, including appointment of a provisional director, custodian, or other type of receiver, is inadequate;  and
(2)  the size, the nature of the business, or the number of shareholders of the close corporation, or their relationship to one another or other similar factors, make it wholly impractical to continue close corporation status.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter P. Judicial Proceedings Relating to Close Corporation › Section 21.757. Liquidation; Involuntary Winding Up and Termination; Receivership

Sec. 21.757.  LIQUIDATION;  INVOLUNTARY WINDING UP AND TERMINATION;  RECEIVERSHIP.  Except as provided by Section 21.756, in a case in which a shareholder is entitled to wind up and terminate a close corporation under a shareholders' agreement, a court may not order liquidation, involuntary termination, or receivership under that section unless the court determines that any other remedy in law or equity, including appointment of a provisional director, custodian, or other type of receiver, is inadequate.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter P. Judicial Proceedings Relating to Close Corporation › Section 21.758. Appointment of Provisional Director

Sec. 21.758.  APPOINTMENT OF PROVISIONAL DIRECTOR.  (a)  In a judicial proceeding under this section, a court shall appoint a provisional director for a close corporation on presentation of proof that the directors or the persons empowered to manage the business and affairs of the close corporation under a shareholders' agreement are so divided with respect to the management of the business and affairs of the close corporation that the required votes or consent to take action on behalf of the close corporation cannot be obtained, resulting in the business and affairs being conducted in a manner that is not to the general advantage of the shareholders.
(b)  The provisional director must be an impartial person who is not a shareholder, a party to a shareholders' agreement, a person empowered to manage the close corporation under a shareholders' agreement, or a creditor of the close corporation or of a subsidiary or affiliate of the close corporation.  The court shall determine any further qualifications.
(c)  A provisional director shall serve until removed by court order or by a vote of the majority of the directors or the holders of the majority of the shares with voting power, or by a vote of a different number, not fewer than the majority, of shareholders or directors if a close corporation provision requires the concurrence of a larger or different majority for action by the directors or shareholders.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter P. Judicial Proceedings Relating to Close Corporation › Section 21.759. Rights and Powers of Provisional Director

Sec. 21.759.  RIGHTS AND POWERS OF PROVISIONAL DIRECTOR.  A provisional director has all the rights and powers of an elected director of the close corporation, or the rights of vote or consent of a shareholder and other rights and powers of shareholders or other persons who have been empowered to manage the business and affairs of the close corporation under a shareholders' agreement with the voting power provided by court order, including the right to notice of, and to vote at, meetings of directors or shareholders.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter P. Judicial Proceedings Relating to Close Corporation › Section 21.760. Compensation of Provisional Director

Sec. 21.760.  COMPENSATION OF PROVISIONAL DIRECTOR.  (a)  The compensation of a provisional director shall be determined by an agreement between the provisional director and the close corporation, subject to court approval.
(b)  The court may set the compensation in the absence of an agreement or in the event of a disagreement between the provisional director and the close corporation.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter P. Judicial Proceedings Relating to Close Corporation › Section 21.761. Appointment of Custodian

Sec. 21.761.  APPOINTMENT OF CUSTODIAN.  (a)  In a judicial proceeding under this section, a court shall appoint a custodian for a close corporation on presentation of proof that:
(1)  at a meeting held for the election of directors, the shareholders are so divided that the shareholders have failed to elect successors to directors whose terms have expired or would have expired on qualification of a successor;
(2)  the business of the close corporation is suffering or is threatened with irreparable injury because the directors, or the shareholders or the persons empowered to manage the business and affairs of the close corporation under a shareholders' agreement, are so divided with respect to the management of the business and affairs of the close corporation that the required vote or consent to take action on behalf of the close corporation cannot be obtained and a remedy with respect to the deadlock in a close corporation provision has failed;  or
(3)  the plaintiff or intervenor has the right to wind up and terminate the close corporation under a shareholders' agreement as provided by Section 21.714.
(b)  To be eligible to serve as a custodian, a person must comply with all the qualifications required to serve as a receiver under Section 11.406.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter P. Judicial Proceedings Relating to Close Corporation › Section 21.762. Powers and Duties of Custodian

Sec. 21.762.  POWERS AND DUTIES OF CUSTODIAN.  A person who qualifies as a custodian has all of the powers and duties and the title of a receiver appointed under Sections 11.404-11.406.  The custodian shall continue the business of the close corporation and may not liquidate the affairs or distribute the assets of the close corporation, except as provided by court order or Section 21.761(a)(3).
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter P. Judicial Proceedings Relating to Close Corporation › Section 21.763. Termination of Custodianship

Sec. 21.763.  TERMINATION OF CUSTODIANSHIP.  If the condition requiring the appointment of a custodian is remedied other than by liquidation or winding up and termination, the court shall terminate the custodianship immediately and management of the close corporation shall be restored to the directors or shareholders of the close corporation or to the persons empowered to manage the business and affairs of the close corporation under a shareholders' agreement.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter Q. Miscellaneous Provisions › Section 21.801. Shares and Other Securities Are Personal Property

Sec. 21.801.  SHARES AND OTHER SECURITIES ARE PERSONAL PROPERTY.  Except as otherwise provided by this code, the shares and other securities of a corporation are personal property.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter Q. Miscellaneous Provisions › Section 21.802. Penalties for Late Filing of Certain Instruments

Sec. 21.802.  PENALTIES FOR LATE FILING OF CERTAIN INSTRUMENTS.  (a)  A person required under Title 1 or this title to file a change of registered office or agent, a certificate of voluntary withdrawal, or a certificate of termination for a corporation commits an offense if the person does not file the required filing with the secretary of state before the earlier of:
(1)  the 30th day after the date of the change, withdrawal, or termination;  or
(2)  the date the filing is otherwise required by law.
(b)  A person who violates Subsection (a) is liable to the state for a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed $2,500 for each violation.  In determining the amount of a penalty under this subsection, the court shall consider all the circumstances giving rise to the offense.  The attorney general or the prosecuting attorney in the county in which the violation occurs may bring suit to recover the civil penalty imposed under this section.
(c)  The attorney general may bring an action in the name of the state to restrain or enjoin a person from violating this section.
(d)  In an action or proceeding brought against a person who has not complied with this section, the plaintiff or other party bringing the suit or proceeding may recover, at the court's discretion, reasonable costs and attorney's fees incurred by locating and effecting service of process on the person.  Any damages recovered must be in conjunction with a pending action or proceeding and shall be awarded as costs under the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure.  This section does not create a private independent cause of action for failure to comply with this section.
(e)  A person who is entitled to recover damages under Subsection (d) may request from the attorney general nonconfidential information on the other person for the purpose of effecting service of process.  The attorney general shall comply with a request made under this subsection to the extent practicable.
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 182, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 2006.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter R. Ratification of Defective Corporate Acts or Shares; Proceedings › Section 21.902. Ratification of Defective Corporate Act and Putative Shares

Sec. 21.902.  RATIFICATION OF DEFECTIVE CORPORATE ACT AND PUTATIVE SHARES.  Subject to Section 21.909 or 21.910, a defective corporate act or putative shares are not void or voidable solely as a result of a failure of authorization if the act or shares are:
(1)  ratified in accordance with this subchapter; or
(2)  validated by the district court in a proceeding brought under Section 21.914.
Added by Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 32 (S.B. 860), Sec. 30, eff. September 1, 2015.
2023 Texas Statutes › Business Organizations Code › Title 2 - Corporations › Chapter 21 - For-Profit Corporations › Subchapter R. Ratification of Defective Corporate Acts or Shares; Proceedings › Section 21.903. Ratification of Defective Corporate Act; Adoption of Resolutions

Sec. 21.903.  RATIFICATION OF DEFECTIVE CORPORATE ACT; ADOPTION OF RESOLUTIONS.  (a)  To ratify one or more defective corporate acts, the board of directors of the corporation shall adopt resolutions stating:
(1)  the defective corporate act or acts to be ratified;
(2)  the date of each defective corporate act;
(3)  if the defective corporate act or acts involved the issuance of putative shares, the number and type of putative shares issued and the date or dates on which the putative shares were purportedly issued;
(4)  the nature of the failure of authorization with respect to each defective corporate act to be ratified; and
(5)  that the board of directors approves the ratification of the defective corporate act or acts.
(b)  A resolution may also state that, notwithstanding shareholder approval of the ratification of a defective corporate act that is a subject of the resolution, the board of directors may, with respect to the defective corporate act, abandon the ratification of the defective corporate act at any time before the validation effective time without further shareholder action.
Added by Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 32 (S.B. 860), Sec. 30, eff. September 1, 2015.
Amended by:
Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 75 (S.B. 1518), Sec. 16, eff. September 1, 2017.