reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 1 - General Provisions and Special Actions › Section 106 - Effect of death of defendant outside this state.

78B-2-106.
Effect of death of defendant outside this state.
If a person against whom a cause of action exists dies outside the state, the time which elapses between his death and the expiration of one year after this state issues letters testamentary or letters of administration is not a part of the time limited for the commencement of an action against his executor or administrator.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 1 - General Provisions and Special Actions › Section 107 - Effect of war.

78B-2-107.
Effect of war.
When a person is an alien subject or a citizen of a country at war with the United States, the duration of the war may not be counted as part of the statute of limitations for the commencement of the action.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 1 - General Provisions and Special Actions › Section 108 - Effect of disability -- Minority or mental incompetence -- Damages.

Effective 5/5/2021
78B-2-108.
Effect of disability -- Minority or mental incompetence -- Damages.
(1) An individual may not bring a cause of action while the individual is:
(a) under 18 years old; or
(b) mentally incompetent without a legal guardian.
(2) During the time that an individual is underage or mentally incompetent, the statute of limitations for a cause of action other than for the recovery of real property may not run.
(3) A cause of action under this section includes any claim:
(a) for general or special damages; or
(b) for which a parent or legal guardian of an individual described in Subsection (1) may be financially responsible for the payment of general or special damages.
Amended by Chapter 67, 2021 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 1 - General Provisions and Special Actions › Section 109 - Disability must exist when right of action accrues.

78B-2-109.
Disability must exist when right of action accrues.
A person may not take advantage of a disability, unless it existed when the person's right of action accrued.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 1 - General Provisions and Special Actions › Section 110 - All disabilities must be removed.

78B-2-110.
All disabilities must be removed.
When two or more disabilities coexist at the time the right of action accrues, the limitation does not attach until all are removed.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 1 - General Provisions and Special Actions › Section 111 - Failure of action -- Right to commence new action.

78B-2-111.
Failure of action -- Right to commence new action.
(1) If any action is timely filed and the judgment for the plaintiff is reversed, or if the plaintiff fails in the action or upon a cause of action otherwise than upon the merits, and the time limited either by law or contract for commencing the action has expired, the plaintiff, or if he dies and the cause of action survives, his representatives, may commence a new action within one year after the reversal or failure.
(2) On and after December 31, 2007, a new action may be commenced under this section only once.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 1 - General Provisions and Special Actions › Section 112 - Effect of injunction or prohibition.

78B-2-112.
Effect of injunction or prohibition.
The duration of an injunction or statutory prohibition which delays the filing of an action may not be counted as part of the statute of limitations.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 1 - General Provisions and Special Actions › Section 113 - Effect of payment, acknowledgment, or promise to pay.

78B-2-113.
Effect of payment, acknowledgment, or promise to pay.
(1) An action for recovery of a debt may be brought within the applicable statute of limitations from the date:
(a) the debt arose;
(b) a written acknowledgment of the debt or a promise to pay is made by the debtor; or
(c) a payment is made on the debt by the debtor.
(2) If a right of action is barred by the provisions of any statute, it shall be unavailable either as a cause of action or ground for defense.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
Amended by Chapter 123, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 1 - General Provisions and Special Actions › Section 114 - Separate trial of statute of limitations issue in malpractice actions.

Effective 5/14/2019
78B-2-114.
Separate trial of statute of limitations issue in malpractice actions.
(1) An issue raised by the defense regarding the statute of limitations in a case may be tried separately if the action is for professional negligence or for rendering professional services without consent, and against:
(a) a physician;
(b) a surgeon;
(c) a physician assistant;
(d) a dentist;
(e) an osteopathic physician;
(f) a chiropractor;
(g) a physical therapist;
(h) a registered nurse;
(i) a clinical laboratory bioanalyst;
(j) a clinical laboratory technologist; or
(k) a licensed hospital, person, firm, or corporation as the employer of any of the persons in Subsection (1)(a) through (j).
(2) The issue raised may be tried before any other issues in the case are tried. If the issue raised by the defense of the statute of limitations is finally determined in favor of the plaintiff, the remaining issues shall then be tried.
Amended by Chapter 349, 2019 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 1 - General Provisions and Special Actions › Section 115 - Actions by state or other governmental entity.

Effective 7/1/2021
78B-2-115.
Actions by state or other governmental entity.
Except for the provisions of Section 78B-2-116, and the collection of criminal fines, fees, and restitution by the Office of State Debt Collection in accordance with Sections 63A-3-502, 77-32b-103, and 77-18-114, the limitations in this chapter apply to actions brought in the name of or for the benefit of the state or other governmental entity the same as to actions by private parties.
Amended by Chapter 260, 2021 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 1 - General Provisions and Special Actions › Section 116 - Statute of limitations -- Asbestos damages -- Action by state or governmental entity.

78B-2-116.
Statute of limitations -- Asbestos damages -- Action by state or governmental entity.
(1)
(a) A statute of limitations or repose may not bar an action by the state or other governmental entity to recover damages from any manufacturer of any construction materials containing asbestos, when the action arises out of the manufacturer's providing the materials, directly or through other persons, to the state or other governmental entity or to a contractor on behalf of the state or other governmental entity.
(b) Subsection (1)(a) provides for actions not yet barred, and also acts retroactively to permit actions under this section that are otherwise barred.
(2) As used in this section, "asbestos" means asbestiform varieties of:
(a) chrysotile (serpentine);
(b) crocidolite (riebeckite);
(c) amosite (cummingtonite-grunerite);
(d) anthophyllite;
(e) tremolite; or
(f) actinolite.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 1 - General Provisions and Special Actions › Section 117 - Statute of limitations -- Asbestos damages.

78B-2-117.
Statute of limitations -- Asbestos damages.
(1)
(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a statute of limitation or repose may not bar an action to recover damages from any manufacturer of any construction materials containing asbestos and arising out of the manufacturer's providing of the materials, directly or through other persons, for use in construction of any building within the state until July 1, 1991, or until three years after the person or entity bringing the action discovers or with reasonable diligence could have discovered the injury or damages, whichever is later.
(b) Subsection (1)(a) provides a statute of limitation for the specified actions, and also acts retroactively to permit, within time limits, the commencement of actions under this section that are otherwise barred.
(2) As used in this section, "asbestos" means asbestiform varieties of:
(a) chrysotile (serpentine);
(b) crocidolite (riebeckite);
(c) amosite (cummingtonite-grunerite);
(d) anthophyllite;
(e) tremolite; or
(f) actinolite.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 1 - General Provisions and Special Actions › Section 118 - Actions against the United States.

Effective 3/23/2015
78B-2-118.
Actions against the United States.
Actions against the federal government regarding real property and that are subject to the federal Quiet Title Act, 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2409a, do not expire under this chapter.
Enacted by Chapter 90, 2015 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 1 - General Provisions and Special Actions › Section 119 - Statute of limitations after criminal proceeding.

Effective 5/4/2022
78B-2-119.
Statute of limitations after criminal proceeding.
(1) As used in this section:
(a) "Cause of action" means any civil claim that a victim could bring against a defendant for criminal conduct committed against the victim.
(b) "Criminal conduct" means any act that is charged as a felony under:
(i)Title 76, Chapter 5, Offenses Against the Individual; or
(ii)Title 76, Chapter 4, Inchoate Offenses, that is directly related to prohibited conduct under Title 76, Chapter 5, Offenses Against the Individual.
(c) "Victim" means an individual directly harmed by criminal conduct or the individual's representative.
(2)
(a) Notwithstanding any statute of limitations, a victim may bring a cause of action if:
(i) the defendant to the cause of action was charged by a criminal complaint, indictment, or information for criminal conduct;
(ii) the cause of action is brought within one year from the day on which a final disposition for the criminal proceeding is issued;
(iii) the cause of action is brought to address any harm resulting from the criminal conduct that was at issue in the criminal proceeding described in Subsection (2)(a)(ii); and
(iv) the applicable statute of limitations that would apply to the conduct at issue in the cause of action did not expire before May 4, 2022.
(b) A defendant does not need to be convicted of the criminal conduct for an individual to bring a cause of action under Subsection (2)(a).
(3) Subsection (2)(a) does not:
(a) shorten an applicable statute of limitations or an applicable tolling provision;
(b) toll or extend an applicable statute of limitations for an action that is brought against an employer or former employer of a defendant described in Subsection (2)(a)(i); or
(c) require an insurer to defend or indemnify a defendant for a cause of action that would otherwise be barred if not for Subsection (2)(a).
Enacted by Chapter 474, 2022 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 201 - Actions by the state.

Effective 3/12/1953
78B-2-201.
Actions by the state.
(1) The state may not bring an action against any person for or with respect to any real property, its issues or profits, based upon the state's right or title to the real property, unless:
(a) the right or title to the property accrued within seven years before any action or other proceeding is commenced; or
(b) the state or those from whom it claims received all or a portion of the rents and profits from the real property within the immediately preceding seven years.
(2) The statute of limitations in this section runs from the date on which the state or those from whom it claims received actual notice of the facts giving rise to the action.
Amended by Chapter 2, 2015 Special Session 1
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 202 - Actions by patentees or grantees from state.

78B-2-202.
Actions by patentees or grantees from state.
A person receiving letters patent or a grant of real property from the state may not bring an action based on the patent or grant unless the state would have been able to bring an action had the patent or grant not been made.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 203 - When letters patent or grants declared void.

78B-2-203.
When letters patent or grants declared void.
When letters patent or grants of real property issued or made by the state are declared void by a court of competent jurisdiction, an action for the recovery of the property shall be brought either by the state, or by any subsequent patentee or grantee of the property, his heirs or assigns, within seven years after such determination.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 204 - Seizure or possession within seven years necessary.

78B-2-204.
Seizure or possession within seven years necessary.
An action for the recovery or possession of real property may not be maintained, unless it appears the plaintiff, his ancestor, grantor, or predecessor owned or possessed the property in question within seven years before the commencement of the action.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 205 - Seizure or possession within seven years -- Proviso -- Tax title.

78B-2-205.
Seizure or possession within seven years -- Proviso -- Tax title.
(1) An action for the recovery or possession of real property may not be maintained, unless the plaintiff or his predecessor owned or possessed the property within seven years before the commencement of the action.
(2) Actions or defenses brought to recover, take possession of, quiet title, or determine the ownership of real property against the holder of a tax title to the property, may not be commenced more than four years after the date of the tax deed, conveyance, or transfer creating the tax title unless the person commencing the action or defense or his predecessor has actually occupied or been in possession of the property within four years prior to the commencement of the action or defense.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 206 - Holder of tax title -- Limitations of action or defense -- Proviso.

78B-2-206.
Holder of tax title -- Limitations of action or defense -- Proviso.
An action or defense to recover, take possession of, quiet title to, or determine the ownership of real property may not be commenced against the holder of a tax title after the expiration of four years from the date of the sale, conveyance, or transfer of the tax title to any county, or directly to any other purchaser at any public or private tax sale. This section may not bar any action or defense by the owner of the legal title to the property which he or his predecessor actually occupied or possessed within four years from the commencement of an action or defense. This section may not bar any defense by a city or town to an action by the holder of a tax title, to the effect that the city or town holds a lien against the property which is equal or superior to the claim of the holder of the tax title.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 207 - Actions or defenses founded upon title to real estate.

78B-2-207.
Actions or defenses founded upon title to real estate.
An action, defense, or counterclaim to an action based upon title to the property or entitlement to the rents or profits from the property shall be brought:
(1) not later than seven years after the act on which it is based; and
(2) by the ancestor, predecessor, or grantor of the person who owned or possessed the property for seven years before the act in Subsection (1) took place.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 208 - Adverse possession -- Possession presumed in owner.

78B-2-208.
Adverse possession -- Possession presumed in owner.
(1) In an action for the recovery of real property, it is presumed that:
(a) the person establishing legal title to the property has been in possession of the property; and
(b) any occupation of the property has been under and in subordination to the legal title.
(2) Subsection (1) may be rebutted by a showing that the property has been held and possessed adversely to the legal title for at least seven years before commencement of the action.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 209 - Adverse possession -- Presumption -- Proviso -- Tax title.

78B-2-209.
Adverse possession -- Presumption -- Proviso -- Tax title.
(1) In an action for the recovery or possession of real property, to quiet title to or determine the property's owner, the person establishing a legal title to the property is presumed to have been in possession of the property within the time required by law. The occupation of the property by any other person is considered to have been under and in subordination to the legal title, unless it appears that the property has been held and possessed adversely to the legal title for seven years before the commencement of the action.
(2) If in any action a party establishes prima facie evidence of ownership of any real property under a tax title held by him and his predecessors for four years prior to the commencement of the action, he is presumed to be the owner of the property by adverse possession. This presumption may be rebutted if it appears that the owner of the legal title or his predecessor has actually occupied or been in possession of the property under the title or that the tax title owner and his predecessors have failed to pay all the taxes levied or assessed upon the property within the four-year period.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 210 - Adverse possession -- Under written instrument or judgment.

Effective 5/3/2023
78B-2-210.
Adverse possession -- Under written instrument or judgment.
(1) Property is considered to have been adversely held if a person in possession of the property, either personally or through another:
(a)
(i) possesses a written document purporting to convey title; or
(ii) possesses a decree or judgment from a court of competent jurisdiction conveying title; and
(b) has occupied the property continuously for at least seven years.
(2) If the property consists of a tract divided into lots, the possession of one lot is not considered a possession of any other lot in the same tract.
Amended by Chapter 141, 2023 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 211 - What constitutes adverse possession under written instrument.

78B-2-211.
What constitutes adverse possession under written instrument.
For the purpose of constituting an adverse possession by any person claiming a title based upon a written instrument or a judgment or decree, the property is considered to have been possessed if:
(1) it has been usually cultivated or improved;
(2) it has been protected by a substantial enclosure;
(3) although not enclosed, it has been used for the supply of fuel, fencing timber, for the purpose of husbandry, or for pasturage or for the ordinary use of the occupant; or
(4) where a known farm or single lot has been partly improved, the portion of the farm or lot which may have been left not cleared or not inclosed according to the usual course and custom of the adjoining county is considered to have been occupied for the same length of time as the part improved and cultivated.
Amended by Chapter 146, 2009 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 212 - Adverse possession -- Under claim not founded on written instrument or judgment.

78B-2-212.
Adverse possession -- Under claim not founded on written instrument or judgment.
Where it appears that there has been an actual continued occupation of land under claim of title, exclusive of any other right, but not founded upon a written instrument, judgment or decree, the land actually occupied and no other, is considered to have been held adversely.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 213 - What constitutes adverse possession not under written instrument.

Effective 5/10/2016
78B-2-213.
What constitutes adverse possession not under written instrument.
Land is considered to be possessed and occupied adversely by a person claiming title not founded upon a written instrument, judgment, or decree in the following cases only, where:
(1) it has been protected by a substantial enclosure;
(2) it has been usually cultivated or improved; or
(3) labor or money amounting to the sum of $5 per acre has been expended upon dams, canals, embankments, aqueducts, or otherwise for the purpose of irrigating the land.
Amended by Chapter 33, 2016 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 214 - Adverse possession -- Continuous -- Seven years -- Taxes paid.

78B-2-214.
Adverse possession -- Continuous -- Seven years -- Taxes paid.
Adverse possession may not be established unless it is shown that the land has been occupied and claimed continuously for seven years, and that the party and the party's predecessors and grantors have paid all taxes which have been levied and assessed upon the land according to law.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 215 - Adverse possession -- Payment of taxes -- Proviso -- Tax title.

78B-2-215.
Adverse possession -- Payment of taxes -- Proviso -- Tax title.
Payment of all the taxes levied and assessed upon the real property for a period of not less than four years by the holder of a tax title to the real property or his predecessors is sufficient to satisfy the requirements of this chapter regarding the payment of taxes necessary to establish adverse possession.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 216 - Adverse possession of certain real property.

Effective 2/27/2023
78B-2-216.
Adverse possession of certain real property.
(1) As used in this section:
(a) "Government entity" means a town, city, county, metropolitan water district, or special district.
(b) "Water facility" means any improvement or structure used, or intended to be used, to divert, convey, store, measure, or treat water.
(2) Except as provided in Subsection (3), a person may not acquire by adverse possession, prescriptive use, or acquiescence any right in or title to any real property:
(a) held by a government entity; and
(b) designated for any present or future public use, including:
(i) a street;
(ii) a lane;
(iii) an avenue;
(iv) an alley;
(v) a park;
(vi) a public square;
(vii) a water facility; or
(viii) a water conveyance right-of-way or water conveyance corridor.
(3) Notwithstanding Subsection (2) and subject to Subsection (4), a person may acquire title if:
(a) a government entity sold, disposed of, or conveyed the right in, or title to, the real property to a purchaser for valuable consideration; and
(b) the purchaser or the purchaser's grantees or successors in interest have been in exclusive, continuous, and adverse possession of the real property for at least seven consecutive years after the day on which the real property was sold, disposed of, or conveyed as described in Subsection (3)(a).
(4) A person who acquires title under Subsection (3) is subject to all other applicable provisions of law.
Amended by Chapter 16, 2023 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 217 - Adverse possession -- Possession of tenant considered possession of landlord.

78B-2-217.
Adverse possession -- Possession of tenant considered possession of landlord.
When a landlord and tenant relationship exists between persons, the possession of the tenant is considered the possession of the landlord until the expiration of seven years after the termination of the tenancy, or, if there has been no written lease, until seven years from the time of the last payment of rent.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 218 - Adverse possession -- Possession not affected by descent cast.

78B-2-218.
Adverse possession -- Possession not affected by descent cast.
The right of a person to the possession of real property is not impaired or affected by a descent cast in consequence of the death of a person in possession of the property.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 219 - Adverse possession -- Action to redeem mortgage of real property.

78B-2-219.
Adverse possession -- Action to redeem mortgage of real property.
An action to redeem a mortgage of real property, with or without an account of rents and profits, may not be brought by the mortgagor, or those claiming under him, against the mortgagee in possession, or those claiming under him, unless an adverse possession of the mortgaged premises for seven years after breach of some condition of the mortgage has been continuously maintained by the mortgagor or those claiming under him.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 220 - Redemption when more than one mortgagor.

78B-2-220.
Redemption when more than one mortgagor.
If there is more than one mortgagor, or more than one person claiming under a mortgagor, some of whom are not entitled to maintain an action under the provisions of this article, any one of them who is entitled to maintain an action may redeem a divided or undivided part of the mortgaged premises as his interest may appear, and have an accounting for a part of the rents and profits proportionate to his interest in the mortgaged premises, on payment of a part of the mortgage money, bearing the same proportion to the whole of the money as the value of his divided or undivided interest in the premises bears to the whole of the premises.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 221 - Actions to recover estate sold by guardian.

78B-2-221.
Actions to recover estate sold by guardian.
An action for the recovery of an estate sold by a guardian shall be brought by the ward, or any person claiming under the ward, within three years after the termination of the guardianship.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 222 - Actions to recover estate sold by executor or administrator.

78B-2-222.
Actions to recover estate sold by executor or administrator.
An action for the recovery of an estate sold by an executor or administrator in the course of a probate proceeding shall be maintained by an heir or other person claiming under the decedent within three years after the sale. An action to set aside the sale shall be instituted and maintained within three years from the discovery of the fraud or other lawful grounds upon which the action is based.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 223 - Minority or disability prevents running of period.

78B-2-223.
Minority or disability prevents running of period.
Sections 78B-2-221 and 78B-2-222 shall not apply to minors or others under any legal disability to sue at the time when the right of action first accrues. Section 78B-2-224 shall apply in those circumstances.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 224 - Disabilities -- Time tolled.

78B-2-224.
Disabilities -- Time tolled.
A statute of limitations may not be applied to a person's ability to bring an action during a period in which the person is:
(1) a minor; or
(2) mentally incompetent.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 2 - Real Property › Section 226 - Boundary surveys.

78B-2-226.
Boundary surveys.
An action against a surveyor for acts, errors, or omissions in the performance of a boundary survey filed pursuant to Section 17-23-17 shall be brought within five years of the date of the filing.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 3 - Other than Real Property › Section 301 - Within six months.

78B-2-301.
Within six months.
An action may be brought within six months against a tax collector or the tax collector's designee:
(1) to recover any goods, wares, merchandise, other property seized in his official capacity, or the price or value of any of it;
(2) for damages for the seizure, detention, sale of, or injury to, any goods, wares, merchandise, or other personal property seized;
(3) for damages done to any person or property in making a seizure;
(4) for money paid or seized under protest and which, it is claimed, ought to be refunded.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 3 - Other than Real Property › Section 302 - Within one year.

Effective 5/9/2017
78B-2-302.
Within one year.
An action may be brought within one year:
(1) for liability created by the statutes of a foreign state;
(2) upon a statute for a penalty or forfeiture where the action is given to an individual, or to an individual and the state, except when the statute imposing it prescribes a different limitation;
(3) except as provided in Section 78B-2-307.5, upon a statute, or upon an undertaking in a criminal action, for a forfeiture or penalty to the state;
(4) for libel, slander, false imprisonment, or seduction;
(5) against a sheriff or other officer for the escape of a prisoner arrested or imprisoned upon either civil or criminal process;
(6) against a municipal corporation for damages or injuries to property caused by a mob or riot;
(7) except as otherwise expressly provided by statute, against a county legislative body or a county executive to challenge a decision of the county legislative body or county executive, respectively;
(8) on a claim for relief or a cause of action under Title 63L, Chapter 5, Utah Religious Land Use Act; or
(9) for a claim for relief or a cause of action under Subsection 25-6-203(2).
Amended by Chapter 204, 2017 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 3 - Other than Real Property › Section 303 - One year -- Actions on claims against county, city, or town.

78B-2-303.
One year -- Actions on claims against county, city, or town.
Actions on claims against a county, city, or incorporated town, which have been rejected by the county executive, city commissioners, city council, or board of trustees shall be brought within one year after the first rejection.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 3 - Other than Real Property › Section 304 - Within two years.

78B-2-304.
Within two years.
An action may be brought within two years:
(1) against a marshal, sheriff, constable, or other officer for liability incurred during the performance of the officer's official duties or by the omission of an official duty, including the nonpayment of money collected upon an execution;
(2) for recovery of damages for a death caused by the wrongful act or neglect of another;
(3) in causes of action against the state and its employees, for injury to the personal rights of another if not otherwise provided by state or federal law; or
(4) in causes of action against a political subdivision of the state and its employees, for injury to the personal rights of another arising after May 1, 2000, if not otherwise provided by state or federal law.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 3 - Other than Real Property › Section 305 - Within three years.

Effective 5/3/2023
78B-2-305.
Within three years.
An action may be brought within three years:
(1) for waste, trespass upon, or injury to real property; except that when waste or trespass is committed by means of underground works upon any mining claim, the cause of action does not accrue until the discovery by the aggrieved party of the facts constituting the waste or trespass;
(2) for taking, detaining, or injuring personal property, including actions for specific recovery, except that:
(a) in cases where the subject of the action is a domestic animal usually included in the term "livestock," which at the time of its loss has a recorded mark or brand, if the animal strayed or was stolen from the true owner without the owner's fault, the cause does not accrue until the owner has actual knowledge of facts that would put a reasonable person upon inquiry as to the possession of the animal by the defendant; and
(b) as provided in Subsection 78B-2-307(3), for a claim involving damage to personal property from an accident involving a motor vehicle as defined in Section 41-6a-102, including an accident involving a motor vehicle and bicycle, the action may be brought within four years;
(3) for relief on the ground of fraud or mistake; except that the cause of action does not accrue until the discovery by the aggrieved party of the facts constituting the fraud or mistake;
(4) for a liability created by the statutes of this state, other than for a penalty or forfeiture under the laws of this state, except where in special cases a different limitation is prescribed by the statutes of this state; or
(5) to enforce liability imposed by Section 78B-3-603, or for damages under Section 78B-6-1701, except that the cause of action does not accrue until the aggrieved party knows or reasonably should know of the harm suffered.
Amended by Chapter 185, 2023 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 3 - Other than Real Property › Section 306 - Action against corporate stockholders or directors.

78B-2-306.
Action against corporate stockholders or directors.
Actions against directors or stockholders of a corporation to recover a penalty or forfeiture imposed, or to enforce a liability created shall be brought within three years after the discovery by the aggrieved party of the facts upon which the penalty or forfeiture attached, or the liability accrued. Actions against stockholders of a bank pursuant to levy of assessment to collect their statutory liability must be brought within three years after the levy of the assessment.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 3 - Other than Real Property › Section 307 - Within four years.

Effective 5/3/2023
78B-2-307.
Within four years.
An action may be brought within four years:
(1) after the last charge is made or the last payment is received:
(a) upon a contract, obligation, or liability not founded upon an instrument in writing;
(b) on an open store account for any goods, wares, or merchandise; or
(c) on an open account for work, labor or services rendered, or materials furnished;
(2) for a claim for relief or a cause of action under the following sections of Title 25, Chapter 6, Uniform Voidable Transactions Act:
(a) Subsection 25-6-202(1)(a), except in specific situations where the time for action is limited to one year under Section 25-6-305;
(b) Subsection 25-6-202(1)(b); or
(c) Subsection 25-6-203(1);
(3) for a claim involving personal property damage to the aggrieved party's motor vehicle, as defined in Section 41-6a-102, or personal property from an accident involving a motor vehicle; and
(4) for relief not otherwise provided for by law.
Amended by Chapter 185, 2023 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 3 - Other than Real Property › Section 307.5 - Within two years.

Effective 5/10/2016
78B-2-307.5.
Within two years.
An action may be brought within two years upon a statute in Title 19, Environmental Quality Code, for a forfeiture or penalty to the state, if the violation occurred on or after May 10, 2016.
Enacted by Chapter 388, 2016 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 3 - Other than Real Property › Section 309 - Within six years -- Mesne profits of real property -- Instrument in writing -- Fire suppression.

Effective 5/14/2019
78B-2-309.
Within six years -- Mesne profits of real property -- Instrument in writing -- Fire suppression.
(1) An action may be brought within six years:
(a) for the mesne profits of real property;
(b) subject to Subsection (2), upon any contract, obligation, or liability founded upon an instrument in writing, except those mentioned in Section 78B-2-311; or
(c) to recover fire suppression costs or other damages caused by wildland fire.
(2) For a credit agreement, as defined in Section 25-5-4, the six-year period described in Subsection (1) begins the later of the day on which:
(a) the debt arose;
(b) the debtor makes a written acknowledgment of the debt or a promise to pay the debt; or
(c) the debtor or a third party makes a payment on the debt.
Amended by Chapter 107, 2019 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 3 - Other than Real Property › Section 310 - Actions against public officers -- Within six years.

78B-2-310.
Actions against public officers -- Within six years.
An action by the state, any agency, or public corporation against any public officer for malfeasance, misfeasance, or nonfeasance in office or against any surety upon his official bond may be brought within six years after the officer ceases to hold his office.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 3 - Other than Real Property › Section 311 - Eight years.

78B-2-311.
Eight years.
An action may be brought within eight years upon a judgment or decree of any court of the United States, or of any state or territory within the United States.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 3 - Other than Real Property › Section 312 - Action on mutual account -- When considered accrued.

78B-2-312.
Action on mutual account -- When considered accrued.
In an action brought to recover a balance due upon a mutual, open, and current account, where there have been reciprocal demands between the parties, the cause of action shall be considered to have accrued from the time of the last item proved in the account on either side.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 3 - Other than Real Property › Section 313 - Action to recover deficiency after short sale.

78B-2-313.
Action to recover deficiency after short sale.
(1) As used in this section:
(a) "Deficiency" means the balance owed to a secured lender under a secured loan after completion of a short sale of the secured property.
(b) "Obligor" means the person or persons obligated to pay a secured loan.
(c) "Secured lender" means the person or persons to whom the obligation under a secured loan is owed.
(d) "Secured loan" means a loan or other credit for personal, family, or household purposes secured by a mortgage or trust deed on secured property.
(e) "Secured property" means single-family, residential real property located in the state that is the subject of a mortgage or trust deed to secure a secured loan.
(f) "Short sale" means a sale:
(i) of secured property;
(ii) by the owner of the secured property;
(iii) that results in the secured lender being paid less than the balance owing under the secured loan; and
(iv) made with the secured lender's consent and resulting in the secured lender releasing the mortgage or reconveying the trust deed on the secured property.
(2) An action to recover a deficiency is barred unless it is commenced no more than three months after the date of recording of a release of mortgage or reconveyance of trust deed with respect to secured property and resulting from a short sale of that property.
(3) Subsection (2) does not apply if the obligor or owner engaged in fraud in connection with the short sale.
(4) Subsection (2) does not apply to an agreement that:
(a) is executed:
(i) between one or more obligors under a secured loan and the secured lender; and
(ii) in connection with a short sale; and
(b) obligates an obligor to pay some or all of a deficiency.
Amended by Chapter 278, 2013 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 2 - Statutes of Limitations › Part 3 - Other than Real Property › Section 314 - Statute of limitations -- Permanent or continuing trespass -- Damages.

78B-2-314.
Statute of limitations -- Permanent or continuing trespass -- Damages.
In accordance with Section 78B-2-305, an action for damage created by trespass shall be brought within three years of discovery of the last trespass incident which includes a permanent or continuing trespass that caused the damage.
Enacted by Chapter 401, 2013 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 3 - Actions and Venue › Part 1 - Actions - Right to Sue and Be Sued › Section 101 - Husband and wife -- Actions -- Defense -- Absent spouse.

78B-3-101.
Husband and wife -- Actions -- Defense -- Absent spouse.
(1) If a husband and wife are sued jointly, either or both may defend in each one's own right or for both parties.
(2) Either party to a marriage may sue and be sued in the same manner as if the person is unmarried.
(3) When a spouse has deserted the family, the remaining spouse may prosecute or defend in the absent spouse's name any action which the absent spouse might have prosecuted or defended. All powers and rights the absent spouse might have shall be extended to the remaining spouse.
Enacted by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 3 - Actions and Venue › Part 1 - Actions - Right to Sue and Be Sued › Section 102 - Injury of a child -- Suit by parent or guardian.

Effective 5/13/2014
78B-3-102.
Injury of a child -- Suit by parent or guardian.
(1) Except as provided in Title 34A, Chapter 2, Workers' Compensation Act, a parent or guardian may bring an action for the injury of a minor child when the injury is caused by the wrongful act or neglect of another.
(2) A civil action may be maintained against the person causing the injury or, if the person is employed by another person who is responsible for that person's conduct, also against the employer.
(3) If a parent, stepparent, adoptive parent, or legal guardian is the alleged defendant in an action for the injury of a child, a guardian ad litem may be appointed for the injured child according to the procedures outlined in Sections 78A-2-703 and 78A-2-705.
Amended by Chapter 267, 2014 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 3 - Actions and Venue › Part 1 - Actions - Right to Sue and Be Sued › Section 103 - Successive actions on same contract.

78B-3-103.
Successive actions on same contract.
Successive actions may be maintained upon the same contract or transaction if, after a former action, a new cause of action arises from it.
Renumbered and Amended by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 3 - Actions and Venue › Part 1 - Actions - Right to Sue and Be Sued › Section 104 - Actions against officers -- Bond required -- Costs and attorney fees.

78B-3-104.
Actions against officers -- Bond required -- Costs and attorney fees.
(1) A person may not file an action against a law enforcement officer acting within the scope of the officer's official duties unless the person has posted a bond in an amount determined by the court.
(2) The bond shall cover all estimated costs and attorney fees the officer may be expected to incur in defending the action, in the event the officer prevails.
(3) The prevailing party shall recover from the losing party all costs and attorney fees allowed by the court.
(4) In the event the plaintiff prevails, the official bond of the officer shall be liable for the plaintiff's costs and attorney fees.
Enacted by Chapter 3, 2008 General Session
2023 Utah Code › Title 78B - Judicial Code › Chapter 3 - Actions and Venue › Part 1 - Actions - Right to Sue and Be Sued › Section 105 - Definition of heirs.

Effective 5/4/2022
78B-3-105.
Definition of heirs.
As used in Sections 78B-3-106 and 78B-3-107, "heirs" means the following surviving persons:
(1) the decedent's spouse;
(2) the decedent's children as provided in Section 75-2-114;
(3)
(a) the decedent's natural parents; or
(b) if the decedent was adopted, the decedent's adoptive parents;
(4) the decedent's stepchildren who:
(a) are younger than 18 years old at the time of decedent's death; and
(b)
(i) received financial support from the decedent at the time of decedent's death; or
(ii) resided with the decedent on at least a part-time basis at the time of the decedent's death; or
(5) any blood relative as provided by the law of intestate succession if the decedent is not survived by a person under Subsection (1), (2), or (3).
Amended by Chapter 190, 2022 General Session