reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter B. Mandatory Venue › Section 15.019. Inmate Litigation

Sec. 15.019.  INMATE LITIGATION.  (a)  Except as provided by Section 15.014, an action that accrued while the plaintiff was housed in a facility operated by or under contract with the Texas Department of Criminal Justice shall be brought in the county in which the facility is located.
(b)  An action brought by two or more plaintiffs that accrued while the plaintiffs were housed in a facility operated by or under contract with the Texas Department of Criminal Justice shall be brought in a county in which a facility that housed one of the plaintiffs is located.
(c)  This section does not apply to an action brought under the Family Code.
Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 378, Sec. 1, eff. June 8, 1995.  Renumbered from Civil Practice and Remedies Code Sec. 15.018 by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 31.01(3), eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter B. Mandatory Venue › Section 15.020. Major Transactions: Specification of Venue by Agreement

Sec. 15.020.  MAJOR TRANSACTIONS:  SPECIFICATION OF VENUE BY AGREEMENT.  (a)  In this section, "major transaction" means a transaction evidenced by a written agreement under which a person pays or receives, or is obligated to pay or entitled to receive, consideration with an aggregate stated value equal to or greater than $1 million.  The term does not include a transaction entered into primarily for personal, family, or household purposes, or to settle a personal injury or wrongful death claim, without regard to the aggregate value.
(b)  An action arising from a major transaction shall be brought in a county if the party against whom the action is brought has agreed in writing that a suit arising from the transaction may be brought in that county.
(c)  Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, an action arising from a major transaction may not be brought in a county if:
(1)  the party bringing the action has agreed in writing that an action arising from the transaction may not be brought in that county, and the action may be brought in another county of this state or in another jurisdiction;  or
(2)  the party bringing the action has agreed in writing that an action arising from the transaction must be brought in another county of this state or in another jurisdiction, and the action may be brought in that other county, under this section or otherwise, or in that other jurisdiction.
(d)  This section does not apply to an action if:
(1)  the agreement described by this section was unconscionable at the time that it was made;
(2)  the agreement regarding venue is voidable under Chapter 272, Business & Commerce Code; or
(3)  venue is established under a statute of this state other than this title.
(e)  This section does not affect venue and jurisdiction in an action arising from a transaction that is not a major transaction.
Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 84, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 30, 1999.
Amended by:
Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 885 (H.B. 2278), Sec. 2.10, eff. April 1, 2009.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter C. Permissive Venue › Section 15.031. Executor; Administrator; Guardian

Sec. 15.031.  EXECUTOR;  ADMINISTRATOR;  GUARDIAN.  If the suit is against an executor, administrator, or guardian, as such, to establish a money demand against the estate which he represents, the suit may be brought in the county in which the estate is administered, or if the suit is against an executor, administrator, or guardian growing out of a negligent act or omission of the person whose estate the executor, administrator, or guardian represents, the suit may be brought in the county in which the negligent act or omission of the person whose estate the executor, administrator, or guardian represents occurred.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter C. Permissive Venue › Section 15.032. Insurance

Sec. 15.032.  INSURANCE.  Suit against fire, marine, or inland insurance companies may also be commenced in any county in which the insured property was situated.  A suit on a policy may be brought against any life insurance company, or accident insurance company, or life and accident, or health and accident, or life, health, and accident insurance company in the county in which the company's principal office in this state is located or in the county in which the loss has occurred or in which the policyholder or beneficiary instituting the suit resided at the time the cause of action accrued.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.  Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 138, Sec. 3, eff. Aug. 28, 1995.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter C. Permissive Venue › Section 15.033. Breach of Warranty by Manufacturer

Sec. 15.033.  BREACH OF WARRANTY BY MANUFACTURER.  A suit for breach of warranty by a manufacturer of consumer goods may be brought in any county in which all or a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim occurred, in the county in which the manufacturer has its principal office in this state, or in the county in which the plaintiff resided at the time the cause of action accrued.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.  Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 138, Sec. 3, eff. Aug. 28, 1995.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter C. Permissive Venue › Section 15.035. Contract in Writing

Sec. 15.035.  CONTRACT IN WRITING.  (a)  Except as provided by Subsection (b), if a person has contracted in writing to perform an obligation in a particular county, expressly naming the county or a definite place in that county by that writing, suit on or by reason of the obligation may be brought against him either in that county or in the county in which the defendant has his domicile.
(b)  In an action founded on a contractual obligation of the defendant to pay money arising out of or based on a consumer transaction for goods, services, loans, or extensions of credit intended primarily for personal, family, household, or agricultural use, suit by a creditor on or by reason of the obligation may be brought against the defendant either in the county in which the defendant in fact signed the contract or in the county in which the defendant resides when the action is commenced.  No term or statement contained in an obligation described in this section shall constitute a waiver of these provisions.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter C. Permissive Venue › Section 15.038. Other Permissive Venue

Sec. 15.038.  OTHER PERMISSIVE VENUE.  An action governed by any other statute prescribing permissive venue may be brought in the county allowed by that statute.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter C. Permissive Venue › Section 15.039. Transient Person

Sec. 15.039.  TRANSIENT PERSON.  A transient person may be sued in any county in which he may be found.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter D. General Provisions › Section 15.062. Counterclaims, Cross Claims, and Third-Party Claims

Sec. 15.062.  COUNTERCLAIMS, CROSS CLAIMS, AND THIRD-PARTY CLAIMS.  (a)  Venue of the main action shall establish venue of a counterclaim, cross claim, or third-party claim properly joined under the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure or any applicable statute.
(b)  If an original defendant properly joins a third-party defendant, venue shall be proper for a claim arising out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences by the plaintiff against the third-party defendant if the claim arises out of the subject matter of the plaintiff's claim against the original defendant.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.  Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 138, Sec. 4, eff. Aug. 28, 1995.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter D. General Provisions › Section 15.063. Transfer

Sec. 15.063.  TRANSFER.  The court, on motion filed and served concurrently with or before the filing of the answer, shall transfer an action to another county of proper venue if:
(1)  the county in which the action is pending is not a proper county as provided by this chapter;
(2)  an impartial trial cannot be had in the county in which the action is pending;  or
(3)  written consent of the parties to transfer to any other county is filed at any time.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter D. General Provisions › Section 15.064. Hearings

Sec. 15.064.  HEARINGS.  (a)  In all venue hearings, no factual proof concerning the merits of the case shall be required to establish venue.  The court shall determine venue questions from the pleadings and affidavits.  No interlocutory appeal shall lie from the determination.
(b)  On appeal from the trial on the merits, if venue was improper it shall in no event be harmless error and shall be reversible error.  In determining whether venue was or was not proper, the appellate court shall consider the entire record, including the trial on the merits.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter D. General Provisions › Section 15.0641. Venue Rights of Multiple Defendants

Sec. 15.0641.  VENUE RIGHTS OF MULTIPLE DEFENDANTS.  In a suit in which two or more defendants are joined, any action or omission by one defendant in relation to venue, including a waiver of venue by one defendant, does not operate to impair or diminish the right of any other defendant to properly challenge venue.
Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 138, Sec. 5, eff. Aug. 28, 1995.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter D. General Provisions › Section 15.0642. Mandamus

Sec. 15.0642.  MANDAMUS.  A party may apply for a writ of mandamus with an appellate court to enforce the mandatory venue provisions of this chapter.  An application for the writ of mandamus must be filed before the later of:
(1)  the 90th day before the date the trial starts;  or
(2)  the 10th day after the date the party receives notice of the trial setting.
Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 138, Sec. 5, eff. Aug. 28, 1995.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter D. General Provisions › Section 15.065. Watercourse or Roadway Forming County Boundary

Sec. 15.065.  WATERCOURSE OR ROADWAY FORMING COUNTY BOUNDARY.  If a river, watercourse, highway, road, or street forms the boundary line between two counties, the courts of each county have concurrent jurisdiction over the parts of the watercourse or roadway that form the boundary of the county in the same manner as if the watercourse or roadway were in that county.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter D. General Provisions › Section 15.066. Conflict With Rules of Civil Procedure

Sec. 15.066.  CONFLICT WITH RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE.  Subject to Section 22.004, Government Code, to the extent that this chapter conflicts with the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, this chapter controls.
Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 138, Sec. 6, eff. Aug. 28, 1995.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter E. Suits Brought in Justice Court › Section 15.081. Application

Sec. 15.081.  APPLICATION.  This subchapter applies only to suits brought in a justice court.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter E. Suits Brought in Justice Court › Section 15.082. Venue: General Rule

Sec. 15.082.  VENUE:  GENERAL RULE.  Except as otherwise provided by this subchapter or by any other law, a suit in justice court shall be brought in the county and precinct in which one or more defendants reside.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter E. Suits Brought in Justice Court › Section 15.0821. Administrative Rules for Transfer

Sec. 15.0821.  ADMINISTRATIVE RULES FOR TRANSFER.  The justices of the peace in each county shall, by majority vote, adopt local rules of administration regarding the transfer of a pending case from one precinct to a different precinct.
Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., 1st C.S., Ch. 3 (H.B. 79), Sec. 5.04, eff. January 1, 2012.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter E. Suits Brought in Justice Court › Section 15.083. Residence of a Single Man

Sec. 15.083.  RESIDENCE OF A SINGLE MAN.  A single man's residence is where he boards.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter E. Suits Brought in Justice Court › Section 15.084. Forcible Entry and Detainer

Sec. 15.084.  FORCIBLE ENTRY AND DETAINER.  A suit for forcible entry and detainer shall be brought in the precinct in which all or part of the premises is located.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter E. Suits Brought in Justice Court › Section 15.085. Executor; Administrator; Guardian

Sec. 15.085.  EXECUTOR;  ADMINISTRATOR;  GUARDIAN.  A suit against an executor, an administrator, or a guardian shall be brought in the county in which the administration or guardianship is pending and in the precinct in which the county seat is located.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter E. Suits Brought in Justice Court › Section 15.086. Counties

Sec. 15.086.  COUNTIES.  A suit against a county shall be brought in the precinct in which the county seat of that county is located.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter E. Suits Brought in Justice Court › Section 15.087. Option: Suit in Defendant's County of Residence

Sec. 15.087.  OPTION:  SUIT IN DEFENDANT'S COUNTY OF RESIDENCE.  A suit to which a permissive venue section of this subchapter applies may be brought and maintained either in the county provided for by that section or in the county in which the defendant resides.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter E. Suits Brought in Justice Court › Section 15.088. Nonresident; Residence Unknown

Sec. 15.088.  NONRESIDENT;  RESIDENCE UNKNOWN.  A suit against a nonresident of this state or against a person whose residence is unknown may be brought in the county and precinct in which the plaintiff resides.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter E. Suits Brought in Justice Court › Section 15.089. Transient Person

Sec. 15.089.  TRANSIENT PERSON.  A suit against a transient person may be brought in any county and precinct in which the transient person is found.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter E. Suits Brought in Justice Court › Section 15.090. Personal Property

Sec. 15.090.  PERSONAL PROPERTY.  A suit to recover personal property may be brought in the county and precinct in which the property is located.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter E. Suits Brought in Justice Court › Section 15.091. Rents

Sec. 15.091.  RENTS.  A suit to recover rents may be brought in the county and precinct in which all or part of the rented premises is located.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter E. Suits Brought in Justice Court › Section 15.092. Contract

Sec. 15.092.  CONTRACT.  (a)  Except as otherwise provided by this section, a suit on a written contract that promises performance at a particular place may be brought in the county and precinct in which the contract was to be performed.
(b)  A suit on an oral or written contract for labor actually performed may be brought in the county and precinct in which the labor was performed.
(c)  A suit by a creditor on a contract for goods, services, or loans intended primarily for personal, family, household, or agricultural use may be brought only in the county and precinct in which the contract was signed or in which the defendant resides.
(d)  A contract described by Subsection (c) may not waive the venue provided by that subsection.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter E. Suits Brought in Justice Court › Section 15.093. Torts

Sec. 15.093.  TORTS.  A tort suit for damages may be brought in the county and precinct in which the injury was inflicted.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter E. Suits Brought in Justice Court › Section 15.094. Corporation; Association; Joint-Stock Company

Sec. 15.094.  CORPORATION;  ASSOCIATION;  JOINT-STOCK COMPANY.  A suit against a private corporation, association, or joint-stock company may be brought in the county and precinct in which:
(1)  all or part of the cause of action arose;
(2)  the corporation, association, or company has an agency or representative;  or
(3)  the principal office of the corporation, association, or company is located.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter E. Suits Brought in Justice Court › Section 15.095. Railroad Companies; Carriers

Sec. 15.095.  RAILROAD COMPANIES;  CARRIERS.  A suit against a railroad company, a canal company, or the owners of a line of transportation vehicles for injury to a person or property on the railroad, canal, or line of vehicles or for liability as a carrier may be brought in a precinct through which that railroad, canal, or line of vehicles passes or in a precinct in which the route of that railroad, canal, or vehicle begins or ends.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter E. Suits Brought in Justice Court › Section 15.096. Steamboat or Other Vessel

Sec. 15.096.  STEAMBOAT OR OTHER VESSEL.  A suit against the owner of a steamboat or other vessel may be brought in the county or precinct in which:
(1)  the steamboat or vessel may be found;
(2)  the cause of action arose;  or
(3)  the liability accrued or was contracted.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter E. Suits Brought in Justice Court › Section 15.097. Insurance Companies

Sec. 15.097.  INSURANCE COMPANIES.  (a)  A suit against a fire, marine, or inland marine insurance company may be brought in the county and precinct in which all or part of the insured property was located.
(b)  A suit against an accident and life insurance company or association may be brought in the county and precinct in which one or more of the insured persons resided when the injury or death occurred.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter E. Suits Brought in Justice Court › Section 15.098. Pleading Requirements

Sec. 15.098.  PLEADING REQUIREMENTS.  If a suit is brought in a county or precinct in which the defendant does not reside, the citation or pleading must affirmatively show that the suit comes within an exception provided for by this subchapter.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter E. Suits Brought in Justice Court › Section 15.099. More Than One Justice

Sec. 15.099.  MORE THAN ONE JUSTICE.  If there is more than one justice of the peace in a precinct or in an incorporated city or town, suit may be brought before any justice of the peace in that precinct or incorporated city or town.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 15 - Venue › Subchapter E. Suits Brought in Justice Court › Section 15.100. Disqualified Justice

Sec. 15.100.  DISQUALIFIED JUSTICE.  If the justice in the proper precinct is not qualified to try the suit, suit may be brought before the nearest qualified justice in the county.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 16 - Limitations › Subchapter A. Limitations of Personal Actions › Section 16.001. Effect of Disability

Sec. 16.001.  EFFECT OF DISABILITY.  (a)  For the purposes of this subchapter, a person is under a legal disability if the person is:
(1)  younger than 18 years of age, regardless of whether the person is married;  or
(2)  of unsound mind.
(b)  If a person entitled to bring a personal action is under a legal disability when the cause of action accrues, the time of the disability is not included in a limitations period.
(c)  A person may not tack one legal disability to another to extend a limitations period.
(d)  A disability that arises after a limitations period starts does not suspend the running of the period.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.  Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1049, Sec. 56, eff. Sept. 1, 1987.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 16 - Limitations › Subchapter A. Limitations of Personal Actions › Section 16.002. One-Year Limitations Period

Sec. 16.002.  ONE-YEAR LIMITATIONS PERIOD.  (a)  A person must bring suit for malicious prosecution, libel, slander, or breach of promise of marriage not later than one year after the day the cause of action accrues.
(b)  A person must bring suit to set aside a sale of property seized under Subchapter E, Chapter 33, Tax Code, not later than one year after the date the property is sold.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.  Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 1017, Sec. 3, eff. Aug. 28, 1995.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 16 - Limitations › Subchapter A. Limitations of Personal Actions › Section 16.003. Two-Year Limitations Period

Sec. 16.003.  TWO-YEAR LIMITATIONS PERIOD.  (a)  Except as provided by Sections 16.010, 16.0031, and 16.0045, a person must bring suit for trespass for injury to the estate or to the property of another, conversion of personal property, taking or detaining the personal property of another, personal injury, forcible entry and detainer, and forcible detainer not later than two years after the day the cause of action accrues.
(b)  A person must bring suit not later than two years after the day the cause of action accrues in an action for injury resulting in death.  The cause of action accrues on the death of the injured person.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.  Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 739, Sec. 2, eff. June 15, 1995;  Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 26, Sec. 2, eff. May 1, 1997.
Amended by:
Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 97 (S.B. 15), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2005.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 16 - Limitations › Subchapter A. Limitations of Personal Actions › Section 16.0031. Asbestos-Related or Silica-Related Injuries

Sec. 16.0031.  ASBESTOS-RELATED OR SILICA-RELATED INJURIES.  (a)  In an action for personal injury or death resulting from an asbestos-related injury, as defined by Section 90.001, the cause of action accrues for purposes of Section 16.003 on the earlier of the following dates:
(1)  the date of the exposed person's death; or
(2)  the date that the claimant serves on a defendant a report complying with Section 90.003 or 90.010(f).
(b)  In an action for personal injury or death resulting from a silica-related injury, as defined by Section 90.001, the cause of action accrues for purposes of Section 16.003 on the earlier of the following dates:
(1)  the date of the exposed person's death; or
(2)  the date that the claimant serves on a defendant a report complying with Section 90.004 or 90.010(f).
Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 97 (S.B. 15), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2005.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 16 - Limitations › Subchapter A. Limitations of Personal Actions › Section 16.004. Four-Year Limitations Period

Sec. 16.004.  FOUR-YEAR LIMITATIONS PERIOD.  (a)  A person must bring suit on the following actions not later than four years after the day the cause of action accrues:
(1)  specific performance of a contract for the conveyance of real property;
(2)  penalty or damages on the penal clause of a bond to convey real property;
(3)  debt;
(4)  fraud;  or
(5)  breach of fiduciary duty.
(b)  A person must bring suit on the bond of an executor, administrator, or guardian not later than four years after the day of the death, resignation, removal, or discharge of the executor, administrator, or guardian.
(c)  A person must bring suit against his partner for a settlement of partnership accounts, and must bring an action on an open or stated account, or on a mutual and current account concerning the trade of merchandise between merchants or their agents or factors, not later than four years after the day that the cause of action accrues.  For purposes of this subsection, the cause of action accrues on the day that the dealings in which the parties were interested together cease.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.  Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 950, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 30, 1999.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 16 - Limitations › Subchapter A. Limitations of Personal Actions › Section 16.0045. Limitations Period for Claims Arising From Certain Offenses

Sec. 16.0045.  LIMITATIONS PERIOD FOR CLAIMS ARISING FROM CERTAIN OFFENSES.  (a)  A person must bring suit for personal injury not later than 30 years after the day the cause of action accrues if the injury arises as a result of conduct that violates:
(1)  Section 22.011(a)(2), Penal Code (sexual assault of a child);
(2)  Section 22.021(a)(1)(B), Penal Code (aggravated sexual assault of a child);
(3)  Section 21.02, Penal Code (continuous sexual abuse of young child or disabled individual);
(4)  Section 20A.02(a)(7)(A), (B), (C), (D), or (H) or Section 20A.02(a)(8), Penal Code, involving an activity described by Section 20A.02(a)(7)(A), (B), (C), (D), or (H) or sexual conduct with a child or disabled individual trafficked in the manner described by Section 20A.02(a)(7), Penal Code (certain sexual trafficking);
(5)  Section 43.05(a)(2) or (3), Penal Code (compelling prostitution by a child or disabled individual); or
(6)  Section 21.11, Penal Code (indecency with a child).
(b)  A person must bring suit for personal injury not later than five years after the day the cause of action accrues if the injury arises as a result of conduct that violates:
(1)  Section 22.011(a)(1), Penal Code (sexual assault);
(2)  Section 22.021(a)(1)(A), Penal Code (aggravated sexual assault);
(3)  Section 20A.02, Penal Code (trafficking of persons), other than conduct described by Subsection (a)(4); or
(4)  Section 43.05(a)(1), Penal Code (compelling prostitution).
(c)  In an action for injury resulting in death arising as a result of conduct described by Subsection (a) or (b), the cause of action accrues on the death of the injured person.
(d)  A limitations period under this section is tolled for a suit on the filing of a petition by any person in an appropriate court alleging that the identity of the defendant in the suit is unknown and designating the unknown defendant as "John or Jane Doe."  The person filing the petition shall proceed with due diligence to discover the identity of the defendant and amend the petition by substituting the real name of the defendant for "John or Jane Doe" not later than the 30th day after the date that the defendant is identified to the plaintiff.  The limitations period begins running again on the date that the petition is amended.
Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 739, Sec. 1, eff. June 15, 1995.
Amended by:
Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 593 (H.B. 8), Sec. 3.01, eff. September 1, 2007.
Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1 (S.B. 24), Sec. 3.01, eff. September 1, 2011.
Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 918 (H.B. 189), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2015.
Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1306 (H.B. 3809), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019.
Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 221 (H.B. 375), Sec. 2.01, eff. September 1, 2021.
Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 93 (S.B. 1527), Sec. 2.06, eff. September 1, 2023.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 16 - Limitations › Subchapter A. Limitations of Personal Actions › Section 16.005. Action for Closing Street or Road

Sec. 16.005.  ACTION FOR CLOSING STREET OR ROAD.  (a)  A person must bring suit for any relief from the following acts not later than two years after the day the cause of action accrues:
(1)  the passage by a governing body of an incorporated city or town of an ordinance closing and abandoning, or attempting to close and abandon, all or any part of a public street or alley in the city or town, other than a state highway;  or
(2)  the adoption by a commissioners court of an order closing and abandoning, or attempting to close and abandon, all or any part of a public road or thoroughfare in the county, other than a state highway.
(b)  The cause of action accrues when the order or ordinance is passed or adopted.
(c)  If suit is not brought within the period provided by this section, the person in possession of the real property receives complete title to the property by limitations and the right of the city or county to revoke or rescind the order or ordinance is barred.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 16 - Limitations › Subchapter A. Limitations of Personal Actions › Section 16.006. Carriers of Property

Sec. 16.006.  CARRIERS OF PROPERTY.  (a)  A carrier of property for compensation or hire must bring suit for the recovery of charges not later than three years after the day on which the cause of action accrues.
(b)  Except as provided by Subsections (c) and (d), a person must bring suit for overcharges against a carrier of property for compensation or hire not later than three years after the cause of action accrues.
(c)  If the person has presented a written claim for the overcharges within the three-year period, the limitations period is extended for six months from the date written notice is given by the carrier to the claimant of disallowance of the claim in whole or in part, as specified in the carrier's notice.
(d)  If on or before the expiration of the three-year period, the carrier brings an action under Subsection (a) to recover charges relating to the service or, without beginning an action, collects charges relating to that service, the limitations period is extended for 90 days from the day on which the action is begun or the charges are collected.
(e)  A cause of action regarding a shipment of property accrues on the delivery or tender of the property by the carrier.
(f)  In this section, "overcharge" means a charge for transportation services in excess of the lawfully applicable amount.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 16 - Limitations › Subchapter A. Limitations of Personal Actions › Section 16.007. Return of Execution

Sec. 16.007.  RETURN OF EXECUTION.  A person must bring suit against a sheriff or other officer or the surety of the sheriff or officer for failure to return an execution issued in the person's favor, not later than five years after the date on which the execution was returnable.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 16 - Limitations › Subchapter A. Limitations of Personal Actions › Section 16.008. Architects, Engineers, Interior Designers, and Landscape Architects Furnishing Design, Planning, or Inspection of Construction of Improvements

Sec. 16.008.  ARCHITECTS, ENGINEERS, INTERIOR DESIGNERS, AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS FURNISHING DESIGN, PLANNING, OR INSPECTION OF CONSTRUCTION OF IMPROVEMENTS.  (a)  Except as provided by Subsection (a-1), a person must bring suit for damages for a claim listed in Subsection (b) against a registered or licensed architect, engineer, interior designer, or landscape architect in this state, who designs, plans, or inspects the construction of an improvement to real property or equipment attached to real property, not later than 10 years after the substantial completion of the improvement or the beginning of operation of the equipment in an action arising out of a defective or unsafe condition of the real property, the improvement, or the equipment.
(a-1)  A governmental entity must bring suit for damages for a claim listed in Subsection (b) against a registered or licensed architect, engineer, interior designer, or landscape architect in this state, who designs, plans, or inspects the construction of an improvement to real property or equipment attached to real property, not later than eight years after the substantial completion of the improvement or the beginning of operation of the equipment in an action arising out of a defective or unsafe condition of the real property, the improvement, or the equipment.  This subsection does not apply to a claim arising out of:
(1)  a contract entered into by the Texas Department of Transportation;
(2)  a project that receives money from the state highway fund or a federal fund designated for highway and mass transit spending; or
(3)  a civil works project, as that term is defined under Section 2269.351, Government Code.
(b)  This section applies to suit for:
(1)  injury, damage, or loss to real or personal property;
(2)  personal injury;
(3)  wrongful death;
(4)  contribution;  or
(5)  indemnity.
(c)  If the claimant presents a written claim for damages, contribution, or indemnity to the architect, engineer, interior designer, or landscape architect within the applicable limitations period, the period is extended for:
(1)  two years from the date the claim is presented, for a claim to which Subsection (a) applies; or
(2)  one year from the date the claim is presented, for a claim to which Subsection (a-1) applies.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.  Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 860, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.
Amended by:
Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 484 (H.B. 3069), Sec. 1, eff. June 14, 2021.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 16 - Limitations › Subchapter A. Limitations of Personal Actions › Section 16.010. Misappropriation of Trade Secrets

Sec. 16.010.  MISAPPROPRIATION OF TRADE SECRETS.  (a)  A person must bring suit for misappropriation of trade secrets not later than three years after the misappropriation is discovered or by the exercise of reasonable diligence should have been discovered.
(b)  A misappropriation of trade secrets that continues over time is a single cause of action and the limitations period described by Subsection (a) begins running without regard to whether the misappropriation is a single or continuing act.
Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 26, Sec. 1, eff. May 1, 1997.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 16 - Limitations › Subchapter A. Limitations of Personal Actions › Section 16.011. Surveyors

Sec. 16.011.  SURVEYORS.  (a)  A person must bring suit for damages arising from an injury or loss caused by an error in a survey conducted by a registered public surveyor or a licensed state land surveyor:
(1)  not later than 10 years after the date the survey is completed if the survey is completed on or after September 1, 1989;  or
(2)  not later than September 1, 1991, or 10 years after the date the survey was completed, whichever is later, if the survey was completed before September 1, 1989.
(b)  If the claimant presents a written claim for damages to the surveyor during the 10-year limitations period, the period is extended for two years from the date the claim is presented.
(c)  This section is a statute of repose and is independent of any other limitations period.
Added by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1233, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989.  Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1173, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 16 - Limitations › Subchapter A. Limitations of Personal Actions › Section 16.012. Products Liability

Sec. 16.012.  PRODUCTS LIABILITY.  (a)  In this section:
(1)  "Claimant," "seller," and "manufacturer" have the meanings assigned by Section 82.001.
(2)  "Products liability action" means any action against a manufacturer or seller for recovery of damages or other relief for harm allegedly caused by a defective product, whether the action is based in strict tort liability, strict products liability, negligence, misrepresentation, breach of express or implied warranty, or any other theory or combination of theories, and whether the relief sought is recovery of damages or any other legal or equitable relief, including a suit for:
(A)  injury or damage to or loss of real or personal property;
(B)  personal injury;
(C)  wrongful death;
(D)  economic loss;  or
(E)  declaratory, injunctive, or other equitable relief.
(b)  Except as provided by Subsections (c), (d), and (d-1), a claimant must commence a products liability action against a manufacturer or seller of a product before the end of 15 years after the date of the sale of the product by the defendant.
(c)  If a manufacturer or seller expressly warrants in writing that the product has a useful safe life of longer than 15 years, a claimant must commence a products liability action against that manufacturer or seller of the product before the end of the number of years warranted after the date of the sale of the product by that seller.
(d)  This section does not apply to a products liability action seeking damages for personal injury or wrongful death in which the claimant alleges:
(1)  the claimant was exposed to the product that is the subject of the action before the end of 15 years after the date the product was first sold;
(2)  the claimant's exposure to the product caused the claimant's disease that is the basis of the action;  and
(3)  the symptoms of the claimant's disease did not, before the end of 15 years after the date of the first sale of the product by the defendant, manifest themselves to a degree and for a duration that would put a reasonable person on notice that the person suffered some injury.
(d-1)  This section does not reduce a limitations period for a cause of action described by Subsection (d) that accrues before the end of the limitations period under this section.
(e)  This section does not extend the limitations period within which a products liability action involving the product may be commenced under any other law.
(f)  This section applies only to the sale and not to the lease of a product.
(g)  This section does not apply to any claim to which the General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994 (Pub. L. No. 103-298, 108 Stat. 1552 (1994), reprinted in note, 49 U.S.C. Section 40101) or its exceptions are applicable.
Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 5, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1993.  Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 204, Sec. 5.01, eff. Sept. 1, 2003.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 16 - Limitations › Subchapter A. Limitations of Personal Actions › Section 16.013. Real Estate Appraisers and Appraisal Firms

Sec. 16.013.  REAL ESTATE APPRAISERS AND APPRAISAL FIRMS.  (a)  In this section:
(1)  "Appraisal" has the meaning assigned by Section 1103.003, Occupations Code.
(2)  "Appraisal review" has the meaning assigned by Section 1104.003, Occupations Code.
(3)  "Real estate appraisal firm"  means an entity engaging a real estate appraiser as an owner, member, shareholder, partner, employee, or independent contractor to perform an appraisal or appraisal review.
(4)  "Real estate appraiser" means an individual licensed or certified under Chapter 1103, Occupations Code.
(b)  Except for an action for fraud or breach of contract, a person must bring suit for damages or other relief arising from an appraisal or appraisal review conducted by a real estate appraiser or appraisal firm not later than the earlier of:
(1)  two years after the day the person knew or should have known the facts on which the action is based; or
(2)  five years after the day the appraisal or appraisal review was completed.
Added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 328 (H.B. 1939), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 16 - Limitations › Subchapter B. Limitations of Real Property Actions › Section 16.021. Definitions

Sec. 16.021.  DEFINITIONS.  In this subchapter:
(1)  "Adverse possession" means an actual and visible appropriation of real property, commenced and continued under a claim of right that is inconsistent with and is hostile to the claim of another person.
(2)  "Color of title" means a consecutive chain of transfers to the person in possession that:
(A)  is not regular because of a muniment that is not properly recorded or is only in writing or because of a similar defect that does not want of intrinsic fairness or honesty;  or
(B)  is based on a certificate of headright, land warrant, or land scrip.
(3)  "Peaceable possession" means possession of real property that is continuous and is not interrupted by an adverse suit to recover the property.
(4)  "Title" means a regular chain of transfers of real property from or under the sovereignty of the soil.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 16 - Limitations › Subchapter B. Limitations of Real Property Actions › Section 16.022. Effect of Disability

Sec. 16.022.  EFFECT OF DISABILITY.  (a)  For the purposes of this subchapter, a person is under a legal disability if the person is:
(1)  younger than 18 years of age, regardless of whether the person is married;
(2)  of unsound mind;  or
(3)  serving in the United States Armed Forces during time of war.
(b)  If a person entitled to sue for the recovery of real property or entitled to make a defense based on the title to real property is under a legal disability at the time title to the property vests or adverse possession commences, the time of the disability is not included in a limitations period.
(c)  Except as provided by Sections 16.027 and 16.028, after the termination of the legal disability, a person has the same time to present a claim that is allowed to others under this chapter.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.  Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1049, Sec. 57, eff. Sept. 1, 1987.
2023 Texas Statutes › Civil Practice and Remedies Code › Title 2 - Trial, Judgment, and Appeal › Subtitle B - Trial Matters › Chapter 16 - Limitations › Subchapter B. Limitations of Real Property Actions › Section 16.023. Tacking of Successive Interests

Sec. 16.023.  TACKING OF SUCCESSIVE INTERESTS.  To satisfy a limitations period, peaceable and adverse possession does not need to continue in the same person, but there must be privity of estate between each holder and his successor.
Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.