2023 Texas Statutes › Health and Safety Code › Title 6 - Food, Drugs, Alcohol, and Hazardous Substances › Subtitle C - Substance Abuse Regulation and Crimes › Chapter 481 - Texas Controlled Substances Act › Subchapter D. Offenses and Penalties › Section 481.1191. Civil Liability for Engaging in or Aiding in Production, Distribution, Sale, or Provision of Synthetic Substances

Sec. 481.1191.  CIVIL LIABILITY FOR ENGAGING IN OR AIDING IN PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION, SALE, OR PROVISION OF SYNTHETIC SUBSTANCES.  (a)  In this section:
(1)  "Minor" means a person younger than 18 years of age.
(2)  "Synthetic substance" means an artificial substance that produces and is intended by the manufacturer to produce when consumed or ingested an effect similar to or in excess of the effect produced by the consumption or ingestion of a controlled substance or controlled substance analogue, as those terms are defined by Section 481.002.
(b)  A person is liable for damages proximately caused by the consumption or ingestion of a synthetic substance by another person if the actor:
(1)  produced, distributed, sold, or provided the synthetic substance to the other person; or
(2)  aided in the production, distribution, sale, or provision of the synthetic substance to the other person.
(c)  A person is strictly liable for all damages caused by the consumption or ingestion of a synthetic substance by a minor if the actor:
(1)  produced, distributed, sold, or provided the synthetic substance to the minor; or
(2)  aided in the production, distribution, sale, or provision of the synthetic substance to the minor.
(d)  A person who is found liable under this section or other law for any amount of damages arising from the consumption or ingestion by another of a synthetic substance is jointly and severally liable with any other person for the entire amount of damages awarded.
(e)  Chapter 33, Civil Practice and Remedies Code, does not apply to an action brought under this section or an action brought under Section 17.50, Business & Commerce Code, based on conduct made actionable under Subsection (f) of this section.
(f)  Conduct for which Subsection (b) or (c) creates liability is a false, misleading, or deceptive act or practice or an unconscionable action or course of action for purposes of Section 17.50, Business & Commerce Code, and that conduct is:
(1)  actionable under Subchapter E, Chapter 17, Business & Commerce Code; and
(2)  subject to any remedy prescribed by that subchapter.
(g)  An action brought under this section may include a claim for exemplary damages, which may be awarded in accordance with Section 41.003, Civil Practice and Remedies Code.
(h)  Section 41.008, Civil Practice and Remedies Code, does not apply to the award of exemplary damages in an action brought under this section.
(i)  Section 41.005, Civil Practice and Remedies Code, does not apply to a claim for exemplary damages in an action brought under this section.
(j)  It is an affirmative defense to liability under this section that the synthetic substance produced, distributed, sold, or provided was approved for use, sale, or distribution by the United States Food and Drug Administration or other state or federal regulatory agency with authority to approve a substance for use, sale, or distribution.
(k)  It is not a defense to liability under this section that a synthetic substance was in packaging labeled with "Not for Human Consumption" or other wording indicating the substance is not intended to be ingested.
Added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 861 (H.B. 2612), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017.