reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 47 - Frauds › § 2026. Installation of object in lieu of air bag

§ 2026. Installation of object in lieu of air bag
(a) No person shall knowingly install or reinstall or knowingly cause to be installed or reinstalled:
(1) an object in lieu of a vehicle air bag that was designed in accordance with the federal safety regulation for the make, model, and year of a vehicle; or
(2) an inoperable vehicle air bag, knowing the air bag is inoperable.
(b) A person who violates subsection (a) of this section shall be imprisoned for not more than three years or fined not more than $10,000.00, or both.
(c) A person who violates subsection (a) of this section, and serious bodily injury as defined in section 1021 of this title or death results, shall be imprisoned for not more than 15 years or fined not more than $10,000.00, or both. (Added 2001, No. 122 (Adj. Sess.), § 1.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 47 - Frauds › § 2027. Sale or trade of motor vehicle with an inoperable air bag

§ 2027. Sale or trade of motor vehicle with an inoperable air bag
(a) Any person selling or trading a motor vehicle who has actual knowledge that the motor vehicle’s air bag is inoperable shall notify the buyer or the person acquiring the trade, in writing, that the air bag is inoperable.
(b) A person who violates subsection (a) of this section shall be subject to a fine of not more than $3,000.00. (Added 2001, No. 122 (Adj. Sess.), § 2.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 47 - Frauds › § 2028. Fraudulent violations of joint fiduciary accounts

§ 2028. Fraudulent violations of joint fiduciary accounts
(a) No person shall intentionally violate 8 V.S.A. § 14212(b) or (e) while acting as a fiduciary on a joint fiduciary account.
(b) A person who violates this section, or misappropriates funds of $500.00 or less in violation of this section, shall be imprisoned not more than two years or fined not more than $10,000.00, or both.
(c) A person who misappropriates funds of more than $500.00 in violation of this section, or who is convicted of a second or subsequent violation of this section, shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years or fined not more than $10,000.00, or both. (Added 2001, No. 115 (Adj. Sess.), § 4, eff. May 28, 2002.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 47 - Frauds › § 2030. Identity theft

§ 2030. Identity theft
(a) No person shall obtain, produce, possess, use, sell, give, or transfer personal identifying information belonging or pertaining to another person with intent to use the information to commit a misdemeanor or a felony.
(b) No person shall knowingly or recklessly obtain, produce, possess, use, sell, give, or transfer personal identifying information belonging or pertaining to another person without the consent of the other person and knowingly or recklessly facilitating the use of the information by a third person to commit a misdemeanor or a felony.
(c) For the purposes of this section, “personal identifying information” includes name, address, birth date, Social Security number, motor vehicle personal identification number, telephone number, financial services account number, savings account number, checking account number, credit card number, debit card number, picture, identification document or false identification document, electronic identification number, educational record, health care record, financial record, credit record, employment record, e-mail address, computer system password, or mother’s maiden name, or similar personal number, record, or information.
(d) This section shall not apply when a person obtains the personal identifying information belonging or pertaining to another person to misrepresent the person’s age for the sole purpose of obtaining alcoholic beverages, tobacco, or another privilege denied based on age.
(e) It shall be an affirmative defense to an action brought pursuant to this section, to be proven by a preponderance of the evidence, that the person had the consent of the person to whom the personal identifying information relates or pertains.
(f) A person who violates this section shall be imprisoned for not more than three years or fined not more $5,000.00, or both. A person who is convicted of a second or subsequent violation of this section involving a separate scheme shall be imprisoned for not more than 10 years or fined not more than $10,000.00, or both. (Added 2003, No. 155 (Adj. Sess.), § 4, eff. June 8, 2004.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 47 - Frauds › § 2031. Insurance fraud

§ 2031. Insurance fraud
(a) Definitions. As used in this section:
(1) “Conceal” means to take affirmative action intended to prevent others from discovering information. Mere failure to disclose information does not constitute concealment.
(2) “Insurance policy” has the same meaning as in 8 V.S.A. § 4722(3) and includes a workers’ compensation policy issued pursuant to 21 V.S.A. chapter 9.
(3) “Insurer” has the same meaning as in 8 V.S.A. § 4901(2) and includes a workers’ compensation insurer pursuant to 21 V.S.A. chapter 9.
(b) Fraudulent insurance act. No person shall, with intent to defraud:
(1) present or cause to be presented a claim for payment or benefit, pursuant to any insurance policy, that contains false representations as to any material fact or which conceals a material fact; or
(2) present or cause to be presented any information that contains false representations as to any material fact or that conceals a material fact concerning the solicitation for sale of any insurance policy or purported insurance policy, an application for certificate of authority, or the financial condition of any insurer.
(c) Penalties. A person who violates subsection (b) of this section shall:
(1) if the benefit wrongfully obtained or the loss suffered by any person as a result of the violation has a value of less than $900.00, be imprisoned for not more than six months or fined not more than $5,000.00, or both; or
(2) if the benefit wrongfully obtained or the loss suffered by any person as a result of the violation has a value of more than $900.00, be imprisoned for not more than five years or fined not more than $10,000.00, or both; or
(3) for a second or subsequent offense, regardless of the value of the benefit wrongfully obtained, be imprisoned not more than five years or fined not more than $20,000.00, or both.
(d) Administrative action. Upon the conviction of a practitioner for a violation of subsection (b) of this section, the prosecutor shall inform the appropriate licensing authority. Any victim may notify the appropriate licensing authorities in this State and any other jurisdiction in which the practitioner is licensed of the conviction.
(e) This section shall not be construed to limit or restrict prosecution under any other applicable law.
(f) Immunity. No insurer or insurance professional acting in good faith and furnishing or disclosing information to the appropriate law enforcement official shall be subject to civil liability for libel, slander, or any other cause of action arising from the furnishing or disclosing of such information, except if the information is furnished solely to obtain an advantage in connection with a claim that will be, is being, or has been filed.
(g) The public policy of this State is that the standards of this section shall not apply or be introduced into evidence in any civil or administrative proceeding, whether to argue public policy, materiality, or for any other purpose. (Added 2005, No. 179 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. July 1, 2006; amended 2007, No. 208 (Adj. Sess.), § 4.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 47 - Frauds › § 2032. Sales suppression devices

§ 2032. Sales suppression devices
(a) As used in this section:
(1) “Automated sales suppression device,” also known as a “zapper,” means a software program, carried on a memory stick or removable compact disc, accessed through an Internet link, or accessed through any other means, that falsifies transaction data, transaction reports, or any other electronic records of electronic cash registers and other point-of-sale systems.
(2) “Electronic cash register” means a device that keeps a register or supporting documents through the means of an electronic device or computer system designed to record transaction data for the purpose of computing, compiling, or processing retail sales transaction data in any manner.
(3) “Phantom-ware” means a hidden programming option, whether preinstalled or installed at a later time, embedded in the operating system of an electronic cash register or hardwired into the electronic cash register that:
(A) can be used to create a virtual second till; or
(B) may eliminate or manipulate transaction records.
(4) “Transaction data” include items purchased by a customer, the price for each item, a taxability determination for each item, a segregated tax amount for each of the taxed items, the amount of cash or credit tendered, the net amount returned to the customer in change, the date and time of the purchase, the name, address, and identification number of the vendor, and the receipt or invoice number of the transaction.
(5) “Transaction reports” means a report documenting, but not limited to, the sales, taxes collected, media totals, and discount voids at an electronic cash register that is printed on cash register tape at the end of a day or shift, or a report documenting every action at an electronic cash register that is stored electronically.
(b)(1) A person shall not knowingly sell, purchase, install, transfer, or possess an automated sales suppression device or phantom-ware.
(2) A person who violates subdivision (1) of this subsection shall be imprisoned for not less than one year and not more than five years and fined not more than $100,000.00, or both.
(c) A person who violates subdivision (b)(1) of this section shall be liable to the State for:
(1) all taxes, interest, and penalties due as the result of the person’s use of an automated sales suppression device or phantom-ware; and
(2) all profits associated with the person’s sale of an automated sales suppression device or phantom-ware.
(d) An automated sales suppression device or phantom-ware and any device containing such device or software shall be deemed contraband and shall be subject to seizure by the Commissioner of Taxes or by a law enforcement officer when directed to do so by the Commissioner of Taxes. (Added 2013, No. 13, § 1, eff. April 25, 2013.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 49 - Fraud in Commercial Transactions › § 2051. Issue of bill of lading for goods not received

§ 2051. Issue of bill of lading for goods not received
An officer, agent, or servant or a carrier, who, with intent to defraud, issues or aids in issuing a bill of lading, knowing that all or any part of the goods for which the bill of lading is issued, has not been received by such carrier or by an agent of such carrier or by a connecting carrier or is not under the carrier’s control at the time of issuing the bill of lading, shall be imprisoned not more than five years or fined not more than $5,000.00, or both. (Added 1966, No. 29 (Sp. Sess.), § 6.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 49 - Fraud in Commercial Transactions › § 2052. Issue of bill of lading containing false statement

§ 2052. Issue of bill of lading containing false statement
An officer, agent, or servant of a carrier, who, with intent to defraud, issues or aids in issuing a bill of lading for goods knowing that it contains any false statement, shall be imprisoned not more than one year or fined not more than $1,000.00, or both. (Added 1966, No. 29 (Sp. Sess.), § 7.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 49 - Fraud in Commercial Transactions › § 2053. Issue of duplicate bills of lading not so marked

§ 2053. Issue of duplicate bills of lading not so marked
An officer, agent, or servant of a carrier, who, with intent to defraud, issues or aids in issuing a duplicate or additional negotiable bill of lading for goods in violation of 9A V.S.A. § 7—402, knowing that a former negotiable bill of lading for the same goods or any part of them is outstanding and uncancelled, shall be imprisoned not more than five years or fined not more than $5,000.00, or both. (Added 1966, No. 29 (Sp. Sess.), § 8.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 49 - Fraud in Commercial Transactions › § 2054. Negotiation of bill of lading for goods subject to security interest

§ 2054. Negotiation of bill of lading for goods subject to security interest
A person who ships goods to which he or she has not title or in which there is a security interest and who takes for such goods a negotiable bill of lading which he or she afterwards negotiates for value with intent to deceive and without disclosing his or her want of title or the existence of the security interest, shall be imprisoned not more than one year or fined not more than $1,000.00, or both. (Added 1966, No. 29 (Sp. Sess.), § 9.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 49 - Fraud in Commercial Transactions › § 2055. Negotiation of bill of lading when goods are not in carrier’s possession

§ 2055. Negotiation of bill of lading when goods are not in carrier’s possession
A person who, with intent to deceive, negotiates or transfers for value a bill of lading knowing that any or all of the goods that by the terms of the bill of lading appear to have been received for transportation by the carrier that issued the bill of lading, are not in the possession or control of the carrier or of a connecting carrier, without disclosing this fact, shall be imprisoned not more than five years or fined not more than $5,000.00, or both. (Added 1966, No. 29 (Sp. Sess.), § 10.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 49 - Fraud in Commercial Transactions › § 2056. Inducing carrier to issue bill of lading when goods have not been received

§ 2056. Inducing carrier to issue bill of lading when goods have not been received
A person who, with intent to defraud, secures the issue by a carrier of a bill of lading, knowing that at the time of issue, any or all of the goods described in the bill of lading as received for transportation have not been received by the carrier or an agent of the carrier or a connecting carrier or are not under the carrier’s control, by inducing an officer, agent, or servant of the carrier falsely to believe that the goods have been received by the carrier or are under its control, shall be imprisoned not more than five years or fined not more than $5,000.00, or both. (Added 1966, No. 29 (Sp. Sess.), § 11.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 49 - Fraud in Commercial Transactions › § 2057. Issue of nonnegotiable bill of lading not so marked

§ 2057. Issue of nonnegotiable bill of lading not so marked
A person who, with intent to defraud, issues or aids in issuing a nonnegotiable bill of lading without the words “not negotiable” placed plainly upon the face thereof, shall be imprisoned not more than five years or fined not more than $5,000.00, or both. (Added 1966, No. 29 (Sp. Sess.), § 12.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 49 - Fraud in Commercial Transactions › § 2061. Issue of warehouse receipt for goods not received

§ 2061. Issue of warehouse receipt for goods not received
A warehouseman, or any officer, agent or servant of a warehouseman, who issues or aids in issuing a warehouse receipt knowing that the goods for which the warehouse receipt is issued, have not been actually received by the warehouseman, or are not under his or her actual control at the time of issuing the warehouse receipt, shall be imprisoned not more than five years or fined not more than $5,000.00, or both. (Added 1966, No. 29 (Sp. Sess.), § 13.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 49 - Fraud in Commercial Transactions › § 2062. Issue of warehouse receipt containing false statement

§ 2062. Issue of warehouse receipt containing false statement
A warehouseman, or any officer, agent, or servant of a warehouseman, who fraudulently issues or aids in fraudulently issuing a warehouse receipt for goods knowing that it contains any false statement, shall be imprisoned not more than one year or fined not more than $1,000.00, or both. (Added 1966, No. 29 (Sp. Sess.), § 14.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 49 - Fraud in Commercial Transactions › § 2063. Issue of duplicate warehouse receipts not so marked

§ 2063. Issue of duplicate warehouse receipts not so marked
A warehouseman, or any officer, agent, or servant of a warehouseman, who issues or aids in issuing a duplicate or additional negotiable warehouse receipt for goods knowing that a former negotiable warehouse receipt for the same goods or any part of them is outstanding and uncancelled, without plainly placing upon the face thereof the word “Duplicate,” except in the case of a lost or destroyed warehouse receipt after proceedings as provided for in 9 V.S.A. § 7—601, shall be imprisoned not more than five years or fined not more than $5,000.00, or both. (Added 1966, No. 29 (Sp. Sess.), § 15.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 49 - Fraud in Commercial Transactions › § 2064. Issue for warehouseman’s goods of warehouse receipts that do not state his or her ownership

§ 2064. Issue for warehouseman’s goods of warehouse receipts that do not state his or her ownership
Where there are deposited with or held by a warehouseman goods of which he or she is owner, either solely or jointly or in common with others, the warehouseman, or any of his or her officers, agents, or servants, who knowing this ownership, issues or aids in issuing a negotiable warehouse receipt for those goods that does not state that ownership, shall be imprisoned not more than one year or fined not more than $1,000.00, or both. (Added 1966, No. 29 (Sp. Sess.), § 16.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 49 - Fraud in Commercial Transactions › § 2065. Delivery of goods without obtaining negotiable warehouse receipt

§ 2065. Delivery of goods without obtaining negotiable warehouse receipt
A warehouseman, or any officer, agent, or servant of a warehouseman, who delivers goods out of the possession of the warehouseman, knowing that a negotiable warehouse receipt, the negotiation of which would transfer the right to the possession of such goods, is outstanding and uncancelled, without obtaining the possession of the warehouse receipt at or before the time of such delivery, except in the cases provided for in 9A V.S.A. §§ 7—205, 7—209 and 7—601, shall be imprisoned not more than one year or fined not more than $1,000.00, or both. (Added 1966, No. 29 (Sp. Sess.), § 17.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 49 - Fraud in Commercial Transactions › § 2066. Negotiation of warehouse receipt for goods subject to a security interest

§ 2066. Negotiation of warehouse receipt for goods subject to a security interest
A person who deposits goods to which he or she has not title or in which there is a security interest, and who takes for the goods a negotiable warehouse receipt which he or she afterwards negotiates for value with intent to deceive and without disclosing his or her want of title or the existence of the security interest, shall be imprisoned not more than one year or fined not more than $1,000.00, or both. (Added 1966, No. 29 (Sp. Sess.), § 18.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 49 - Fraud in Commercial Transactions › § 2071. Penalty for failure to discharge security agreement

§ 2071. Penalty for failure to discharge security agreement
When the condition of a security agreement has been fulfilled, within 30 days thereafter, the secured party shall cause the security agreement to be discharged of record. A person who neglects or refuses so to do shall be fined not more than $50.00 nor less than $5.00. (Added 1966, No. 29 (Sp. Sess.), § 19.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 49 - Fraud in Commercial Transactions › § 2072. Removal of collateral from the State

§ 2072. Removal of collateral from the State
No person may, with intent to defraud or to deprive a secured party or debtor of his or her legal rights or remedies, remove collateral from the State, or conceal or aid in concealing it. (Added 1966, No. 29 (Sp. Sess.), § 20.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 49 - Fraud in Commercial Transactions › § 2073. Sale of collateral

§ 2073. Sale of collateral
A debtor shall not sell, pledge, or exchange collateral without the consent of the secured party in writing recorded in the office where the security agreement is recorded or upon the back of the security agreement, and, in either case, on the margin of the record thereof in the office where it is recorded. (Added 1966, No. 29 (Sp. Sess.), § 21.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 49 - Fraud in Commercial Transactions › § 2074. Prior security interest to be set forth in subsequent security agreement

§ 2074. Prior security interest to be set forth in subsequent security agreement
A debtor shall not execute a second or subsequent security agreement covering collateral that is the subject of a previously existing security agreement made by the debtor unless the existence of the previous security agreement is set forth in the subsequent security agreement. (Added 1966, No. 29 (Sp. Sess.), § 22.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 49 - Fraud in Commercial Transactions › § 2075. Penalties

§ 2075. Penalties
A person who violates section 2072, 2073, or 2074 of this title shall be fined not more than double the value of the collateral so wrongfully removed from the State, sold, concealed, pledged, mortgaged, or exchanged, and half the fine shall be paid to the party injured. (Added 1966, No. 29 (Sp. Sess.), § 23.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 49 - Fraud in Commercial Transactions › § 2076. Statutory construction

§ 2076. Statutory construction
Statutes using the words “pledge,” “mortgage,” “conditional sale,” “lien,” “assignment,” and like terms in referring to a security interest in personal property shall also apply to a corresponding type of security interest under 9A V.S.A. §§ 1—101 et seq. and sections 2051-2057, 2061-2066, 2071-2076 of this title. (Added 1966, No. 29 (Sp. Sess.), § 24.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2101. Setting up, promoting, or aiding

§ 2101. Setting up, promoting, or aiding
Except as provided in section 2143 of this title, a person who sets up or promotes a lottery for money or other property, or disposes of money or property by a lottery, and a person aiding or concerned in so doing, or who knowingly allows premises owned or occupied by him or her or under his or her control to be used for that purpose, or by persons raffling or using a game of chance for money or property, shall be imprisoned not more than one year or fined not more than $10,000.00, or both, for the first offense and imprisoned not more than three years or fined not more than $10,000.00, or both, for each subsequent offense. (Amended 1993, No. 183 (Adj. Sess.), § 4.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2102. Disposing of property by way of chance

§ 2102. Disposing of property by way of chance
Except as provided in section 2143 of this title, a person who sells or disposes of property by way of chance or, as an inducement to the sale of property, gives the purchaser or any other person other property to be drawn by way of chance or lottery shall be imprisoned not more than one year or fined not more than $10,000.00, or both, for the first offense and imprisoned not more than three years or fined not more than $10,000.00, or both, for each subsequent offense. (Amended 1993, No. 183 (Adj. Sess.), § 5.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2102a. Affirmative defense

§ 2102a. Affirmative defense
It shall be an affirmative defense to a charge under section 2101 or 2102 of this title that the person charged complied with the provisions of section 2143 of this title. (Added 1993, No. 183 (Adj. Sess.), § 6.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2103. Lottery tickets

§ 2103. Lottery tickets
(a) A person shall not:
(1) sell a lottery ticket or an interest therein, or a paper purporting to be a lottery ticket or an interest therein;
(2) open or keep an office, shop, or store for the purpose of selling or procuring a lottery ticket or paper or an interest therein;
(3) act as a broker or agent in buying, selling, or procuring to be bought or sold or disposed of in any way such ticket or interest therein, or in effecting or in endeavoring to effect a contract in regard thereto;
(4) set up, exhibit, or publish or cause to be set up, exhibited, or published within this state written, printed, or electronically communicated proposals to buy, sell, or procure such ticket or interest therein.
(b) A person violating a provision hereof shall be fined not more than $300.00.
(c) For purposes of this section, no internet service provider or provider of internet transport facilities shall be liable solely as a result of use of its facilities by a third party for a prohibited use without the provider’s actual knowledge or express consent. (Amended 1999, No. 124 (Adj. Sess.), § 6.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2133. At gaming house

§ 2133. At gaming house
A person who plays at cards, dice, tables, or other game for money or other valuable in a common gaming or gambling house that is maintained for lucre and gain, shall be fined not more than $200.00 or imprisoned not more than 60 days, or both.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2134. Keeping gambling instrument

§ 2134. Keeping gambling instrument
A person who has or keeps on premises owned or occupied by him or her implements or other things used in gambling and permits persons resorting to such premises to use such implements or things for the purpose of gambling shall be imprisoned not more than six months nor less than 10 days or fined not more than $500.00 nor less than $10.00, or both.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2135. Gambling machines—Sale, lease, or rental

§ 2135. Gambling machines—Sale, lease, or rental
(a) A person, corporation, copartnership, or association shall not lease, rent, let on shares, sell, expose for sale, or offer for sale:
(1) a machine, apparatus, or device, into which may be inserted a piece of money or other object, and from which, as a result of such insertion and the application of physical or mechanical or electrical force, may issue with or without gum or confection, a piece of money, or slug, or a token, or a check or memoranda calling for money, credit, or merchandise or property; or
(2) a coin or slot machine, pinball machine, racing machines, or other device of like character, wherein there enters any element of chance, whether the same be played for money, checks, credits, merchandise, or other thing representative of value; or
(3) a machine or device of any kind or nature by the use or operation of which there is an element of chance for the winning or losing of money or other things of value.
(b) The provisions of this chapter shall not apply to slot machines that were manufactured prior to 1954 and that are not operated for gambling purposes. (Amended 1985, No. 100 (Adj. Sess.), eff. Feb. 5, 1986.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2136. Possession

§ 2136. Possession
A person shall be punished as provided in section 2139 of this title who has in his or her possession, or under his or her control, or who permits to be placed, maintained, or kept in a place of public resort or in premises occupied by him or her, or under his or her management or control a machine, apparatus, or device as mentioned in section 2135 of this title.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2137. Seizure; hearing

§ 2137. Seizure; hearing
A sheriff, deputy sheriff, constable, or police officer shall seize without a warrant any machine or device described in sections 2134 and 2135 of this title, found in a place of public resort. A sheriff or other officer making such a seizure shall forthwith make a complaint under oath, subscribed by him or her, to a district judge in the county in which such seizure is made and shall summon the owner or occupant of the place in which such seizure is made to appear before such court and show cause why such machine should not be destroyed. (Amended 1965, No. 194, § 10, operative February 1, 1967; 1973, No. 249 (Adj. Sess.), § 45, eff. April 9, 1974.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2138. Destruction

§ 2138. Destruction
If, upon hearing, it is found that such machine was seized in a place of public resort, or was seized in any place by reason of a search warrant lawfully issued, the same shall be ordered destroyed and all money or other contents thereof forfeited to the State. The court shall issue its warrant to carry such order into effect.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2139. Penalties

§ 2139. Penalties
An association, copartnership, corporation, or person who violates a provision of sections 2135-2138 of this title shall be fined not more than $100.00 or be imprisoned not more than six months, or both.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2141. Winning or losing by gambling

§ 2141. Winning or losing by gambling
A person who wins or loses money or other valuable thing by play or hazard at any game, or by betting on such play or hazard, or sharing in a stake wagered by others on such play or hazard, shall be fined not more than $200.00 nor less than $10.00.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2143a. Political parties

§ 2143a. Political parties
Notwithstanding the provisions of this chapter, a political party, organized under 17 V.S.A. chapter 45, may organize and execute, and an individual may participate in, raffles, the proceeds of which are to be used in undertakings consistent with the purpose of political parties. (Added 1983, No. 136 (Adj. Sess.).)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2143b. Contests and sweepstakes

§ 2143b. Contests and sweepstakes
Notwithstanding the provisions of this chapter, a person may organize, execute, or participate in a contest or game of chance, including a sweepstakes, provided that persons who enter the contest or game of chance are not required to venture money or other valuable things. The cost of mailing an entry shall not be considered a venture of money or other valuable things. This section shall not be construed to prohibit a person from organizing, executing, or participating in a contest that is not a contest of chance. (Added 1989, No. 7; amended 2013, No. 9, § 2.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2151. Bookmaking; pool selling; off-track wagers

§ 2151. Bookmaking; pool selling; off-track wagers
(a) A person shall not:
(1) engage in bookmaking or pool selling, except deer pools or other pools in which all of the monies paid by the participants, as an entry fee or otherwise, are paid out to either the winning participants based on the result of the pool or to a nonprofit organization or event as described in 31 V.S.A. § 1201(5) where the funds are to be used as described in that subdivision, or both;
(2) keep or occupy, for any period of time, any place or enclosure of any kind, with any material for recording any wager, or any purported wager, or selling pools, except as provided in subdivision (1) of this subsection, upon the result of any contest, lot, chance, unknown or contingent event, whether actual or purported;
(3) receive, hold, or forward, or purport or pretend to receive, hold, or forward, in any manner, any money, thing, or consideration of value, or the equivalent or memorandum thereof, wagered, or to be wagered, or offered for the purpose of being wagered, upon such result;
(4) record or register, at any time or place, any wager upon such result;
(5) permit any place or enclosure that the person owns, leases, or occupies to be used or occupied for any purpose or in any manner prohibited by subdivision (1), (2), (3), or (4) of this section; or
(6) with the exception of pools as provided in subdivision (1) of this subsection, lay, make, offer, or accept any wager, upon such result or contest of skill, speed, or power of endurance of human or beast, or between humans, beasts, or mechanical apparatus.
(b) Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary, a public retail establishment, including a holder of a second-class license issued under Title 7, may sell raffle tickets on the retail premises for a nonprofit organization that has organized the raffle, provided the raffle is conducted in accordance with section 2143 of this title and that no person is compensated for expenses, as outlined in subdivision 2143(e)(1)(B) of this title. (Added 1961, No. 185, § 1; amended 1983, No. 43, § 2; 1999, No. 33, § 1; 2019, No. 128 (Adj. Sess.), § 16.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2152. Penalty

§ 2152. Penalty
A person who violates a provision of section 2151 of this title shall be fined not more than $250.00 or imprisoned not more than six months, or both, for the first offense and fined not more than $2,000.00 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both, for a subsequent offense. When a person has been convicted in any state of a felony or of a violation of a statute prohibiting bookmaking, his or her conviction under this section shall be considered a subsequent offense. (Added 1961, No. 185, § 2; amended 1971, No. 199 (Adj. Sess.), § 15.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2153. Prohibition on dog and horse race betting

§ 2153. Prohibition on dog and horse race betting
A person shall not hold, conduct, operate, or simulcast a pari-mutuel dog race or pari-mutuel horse race for public exhibition. (Added 1961, No. 185, § 3; amended 1973, No. 233 (Adj. Sess.), § 12; 2019, No. 14, § 44, eff. April 30, 2019; 2019, No. 128 (Adj. Sess.), § 17.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2155. Penalty

§ 2155. Penalty
A person who violates a provision of section 2153 of this title shall be fined not more than $5,000.00 or imprisoned not more than two years, or both. (Added 1961, No. 185, § 5; amended 1971, No. 199 (Adj. Sess.), § 15; 1981, No. 223 (Adj. Sess.), § 23.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2171. “Bucket shops”

§ 2171. “Bucket shops”
A person or corporation shall not keep or cause to be kept a “bucket shop,” office, store, or other place in which it is conducted or permitted the pretended buying or selling of stock or bonds of a corporation, or petroleum, cotton, grain, provisions, pork, or other produce, either on margins or otherwise, without any intention of receiving and paying for the property so bought, or of delivering the property so sold; or in which is conducted or permitted the pretended buying or selling of such property on margins; or when the party buying or offering to buy such property does not intend actually to receive the same if purchased, or the person selling such property to deliver it if sold.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2172. Evidence

§ 2172. Evidence
If stocks or bonds are in any manner quoted in such places, or the word “corporation,” “association,” or “company,” or an abbreviation thereof, used therein and therewith, it shall be prima facie evidence that such stocks or bonds are the stocks or bonds of then going corporations. If such stocks or bonds, or such petroleum, cotton, grain, provisions, pork, or other produce are not actually received when purchased or actually delivered when sold, it shall be prima facie evidence that:
(1) such property was sold or purchased without any intention of receiving it or paying for or delivering it;
(2) such property was bought or sold on margins; and
(3) the parties buying or offering to buy or selling such property did not intend actually to receive or deliver the same.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2173. Penalties

§ 2173. Penalties
A person or corporation, whether acting individually, or as a member, officer, agent, or employee of a corporation, who violates a provision of section 2171 of this title shall be fined not more than $1,000.00 nor less than $200.00. A person who is guilty of a second offense, in addition to the penalty above prescribed, shall be imprisoned six months and, if a corporation, shall be liable to forfeit its charter. The continuance of such establishment after a first conviction shall be deemed a second offense. (Amended 1971, No. 199 (Adj. Sess.), § 15.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2174. What constitutes offense; accessories

§ 2174. What constitutes offense; accessories
The offense shall be complete against a person or corporation pretending or offering to sell or to buy, as provided in sections 2171 and 2172 of this title, whether the offer to sell or buy is accepted or not. A person or corporation communicating, receiving, exhibiting, or displaying in any manner such offer so to buy or sell or any statements or quotations of the prices of such property, with a view to such transaction, shall be deemed an accessory and shall be punished as provided in section 2173 of this title.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2175. Commission merchants to furnish statement of contract

§ 2175. Commission merchants to furnish statement of contract
A person or corporation doing business as a commission merchant or broker shall furnish, on demand, to a customer or principal for whom such person or corporation has executed an order for the actual purchase or sale of any of the commodities mentioned in sections 2171 and 2172 of this title, either for immediate or future delivery, a written statement containing the names of the parties from whom such property was bought, or to whom sold, the time when, place where, and price at which the same was bought or sold. If such person or corporation refuses promptly to furnish such statement upon reasonable demand, such refusal shall be prima facie evidence that such property was not bought or sold in a legitimate manner.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2176. Liability of landlords

§ 2176. Liability of landlords
A person who knowingly permits any of the illegal acts mentioned in sections 2171-2175 of this title in a building, booth, or erection of which he or she has the care or possession shall be fined not more than $1,000.00 nor less than $500.00. A penalty so adjudged shall be a lien upon the premises on or in which such unlawful acts are carried on or permitted.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 51 - Gambling and Lotteries › § 2177. Restraint by injunction; costs

§ 2177. Restraint by injunction; costs
When a prosecution is commenced for the violation of a provision of sections 2171, 2173, 2174, or 2176 of this title, the State’s Attorney may petition the presiding judge of the Superior Court to enjoin the carrying on of such unlawful business in the place where the complaint, information, or indictment charges that it has been conducted. Such presiding judge shall hear and determine such petition in the manner provided by law and the rules of civil procedure for the determination of causes and may, if the allegations therein are sustained, permanently enjoin the person, firm, or corporation shown to have kept or caused to have been kept such place, from conducting such prohibited business therein. The Superior Court or presiding judge may, upon petition therefor in such proceedings, issue a temporary injunction to effect, during the pendency of the petition, the closing of such place against such unlawful business. The costs of the proceedings authorized by this section shall be taxed against the defendant in case the State prevails. (Amended 1971, No. 185 (Adj. Sess.), § 236, eff. March 29, 1972; 1973, No. 193 (Adj. Sess.), § 3, eff. April 9, 1974.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 53 - Homicide › § 2301. Murder; degrees defined

§ 2301. Murder; degrees defined
Murder committed by means of poison, or by lying in wait, or by willful, deliberate, and premeditated killing, or committed in perpetrating or attempting to perpetrate arson, sexual assault, aggravated sexual assault, kidnapping, robbery, or burglary shall be murder in the first degree. All other kinds of murder shall be murder in the second degree. (Amended 1983, No. 23, § 1; 2018, No. 8 (Sp. Sess.), § 12, eff. June 28, 2018.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 53 - Homicide › § 2302. Determination of degree

§ 2302. Determination of degree
The jury by whom a person is tried for murder, if it finds such person guilty thereof, shall state in its verdict whether it is murder in the first or in the second degree. If such person is convicted on confession in open court, the court, by examination of witnesses, shall determine the degree of the crime and give sentence accordingly.
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 53 - Homicide › § 2304. Manslaughter—Penalties

§ 2304. Manslaughter—Penalties
A person who commits manslaughter shall be fined not more than $3,000.00 or imprisoned for not less than one year nor more than 15 years, or both. (Amended 1971, No. 199 (Adj. Sess.), § 15; 1981, No. 205 (Adj. Sess.), § 3.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 53 - Homicide › § 2305. Justifiable homicide

§ 2305. Justifiable homicide
(a) If a person kills or wounds another under any of the circumstances enumerated below, the person shall be guiltless:
(1) in the just and necessary defense of the person’s own life or the life of any other person;
(2) if the person reasonably believed that the person, or any other person, was in imminent peril and that it was necessary to repel that peril with deadly force in the forceful or violent suppression of a person attempting to commit murder, sexual assault, aggravated sexual assault, burglary, or robbery; or
(3) in the case of a law enforcement officer as defined in 20 V.S.A. § 2351(a) using force in compliance with 20 V.S.A. § 2368(b)(1)–(2) and (5) or deadly force in compliance with 20 V.S.A. § 2368(c)(1)–(4) and (6).
(b) This section shall not be construed to limit or infringe upon defenses granted at common law. (Amended 1983, No. 23, § 2; 2019, No. 165 (Adj. Sess.), § 2, eff. July 1, 2021; 2021, No. 27, § 4, eff. Oct. 1, 2021; 2021, No. 95 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. April 21, 2022.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 53 - Homicide › § 2306. Poisoning food, drink, medicine, or water

§ 2306. Poisoning food, drink, medicine, or water
A person who mingles poison with food, drink, or medicine with intent to injure another person or who, with a like intent, willfully poisons a spring, well, or reservoir of water shall be imprisoned not more than 20 years. (Amended 1971, No. 199 (Adj. Sess.), § 15; 1981, No. 223 (Adj. Sess.), § 3.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 53 - Homicide › § 2310. Conviction of lesser offense

§ 2310. Conviction of lesser offense
(a) Upon indictment or information for an offense under this chapter, a person may be convicted of a lesser included offense, as the case may be, upon the proofs.
(b) The time limitation created by subsection 4501(b) of this title for the crime of manslaughter shall not bar a conviction under this section. (Amended 1987, No. 60, § 4, eff. May 16, 1987; 1995, No. 27, § 2.)
2023 Vermont Statutes › Title 13 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure › Chapter 53 - Homicide › § 2311. Aggravated murder defined

§ 2311. Aggravated murder defined
(a) A person is guilty of aggravated murder if he or she commits a first or second degree murder, as defined in section 2301 of this title, and at the time of his or her actions, one or more of the following circumstances was in fact present:
(1) The murder was committed while the defendant was in custody under sentence for murder or aggravated murder.
(2) The defendant had, prior to commencement of the trial for aggravated murder, been convicted of another aggravated murder or murder in any jurisdiction in the United States and territories.
(3) At the time of the murder, the defendant also committed another murder.
(4) At the time of the murder, the defendant knowingly created a great risk of death to another person or persons.
(5) The murder was committed for the purpose of avoiding or preventing lawful arrest by a law enforcement officer of any person, or effecting an escape by any person from lawful custody of a law enforcement officer.
(6) The murder was committed by a person hired for such purpose in return for anything of value. Both the person hired and the person hiring him or her are guilty of aggravated murder.
(7) The victim of the murder was known by the person to be a firefighter, a member of emergency medical personnel as defined in 24 V.S.A. § 2651(6), a person employed in any capacity in or about a correctional facility, or a law enforcement officer, and was performing his or her official duties.
(8) The murder was committed in perpetrating or attempting to perpetrate sexual assault or aggravated sexual assault.
(b) In a prosecution for aggravated murder, the State shall allege and prove beyond a reasonable doubt one or more of the circumstances enumerated in subsection (a) of this section.
(c) The punishment for aggravated murder shall be imprisonment for life and for no lesser term. The court shall not place on probation or suspend or defer the sentence of any person convicted of aggravated murder. A person sentenced under this section shall not be eligible for parole during the term of imprisonment imposed herein and shall not be eligible for work-release or noncustodial furlough except when serious medical services make custodial furlough inappropriate. (Added 1987, No. 60, § 1, eff. May 16, 1987; amended 2019, No. 16, § 1, eff. May 6, 2019.)