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2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 38 - Driving After Imbibing Alcohol or Utilizing Drugs › Section 3816 - Requirements for driving under influence offenders

§ 3816. Requirements for driving under influence offenders.
(a) Evaluation using Court Reporting Network.--
In addition to any other requirements of the court, every person convicted of a violation of section 3802 (relating to driving under influence of alcohol or controlled substance) and every person offered Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition as a result of a charge of a violation of section 3802 shall, prior to sentencing or receiving Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition or other preliminary disposition, be evaluated using Court Reporting Network instruments issued by the department and any other additional evaluation techniques deemed appropriate by the court to determine the extent of the person's involvement with alcohol or controlled substances and to assist the court in determining what sentencing, probation or conditions of Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition would benefit the person or the public.
(b) Court-ordered intervention or treatment.--
A record shall be submitted to the department as to whether the court did or did not order a defendant to attend drug and alcohol treatment pursuant to the requirements of sections 3804 (relating to penalties), 3814 (relating to drug and alcohol assessments) and 3815 (relating to mandatory sentencing). If the court orders treatment, a report shall be forwarded to the department as to whether the defendant successfully completed the program. If a defendant fails to successfully complete a program of treatment as ordered by the court, the suspension shall remain in effect until the department is notified by the court that the defendant has successfully completed treatment and the defendant is otherwise eligible for restoration of his operating privilege. In order to implement the recordkeeping requirements of this section, the department and the court shall work together to exchange pertinent information about a defendant's case, including attendance and completion of treatment or failure to complete treatment.
Cross References.
Section 3816 is referred to in sections 1541, 3807, 3814 of this title.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 41 - Equipment Standards › Extra - Chapter Notes

Enactment.
Chapter 41 was added June 17, 1976, P.L.162, No.81, effective July 1, 1977, unless
            otherwise noted.
Cross References.
Chapter 41 is referred to in section 3581 of this title.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 41 - Equipment Standards › Section 4101 - Purpose of part

§ 4101. Purpose of part.
The purpose of this chapter and Chapters 43 (relating to lighting equipment) and 45 (relating to other required equipment) is to establish minimum standards for vehicle equipment the performance of which is related to vehicle safety, noise control and air quality and to make unlawful the sale and use of items which do not comply with the requirements of this part or with the standards and regulations promulgated by the department.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 41 - Equipment Standards › Section 4102 - Definitions

§ 4102. Definitions.
The following words and phrases when used in this part shall have, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the meanings given to them in this section:
"Centralized inspection."
A system for vehicle emission inspection utilizing consolidated facilities owned and operated by the Commonwealth or by a contractor or contractors to the Commonwealth that provide for vehicle emission testing only.
"Decentralized inspection."
A system for vehicle emission inspection using privately owned and operated department-certified facilities to provide for vehicle emission testing or allowing for repairs or both.
"Enhanced emission inspection program."
A vehicle emission inspection program as defined by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency and including, but not limited to, computerized emission analyzers, on-road testing and inspection of vehicle emission control devices through a contracted centralized or decentralized inspection program.
"Federal standard."
A minimum standard of vehicle or vehicle equipment performance issued under the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act (80 Stat. 718, 15 U.S.C. § 1381), the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act (86 Stat. 947, 15 U.S.C. § 1901) or the Clean Air Act (81 Stat. 485, 42 U.S.C. § 1857).
"On-road testing device."
An exhaust gas analyzer capable of measuring vehicle exhaust gas content outside of the garage environment while the vehicle is in motion on the road or at roadside.
"Qualified Commonwealth employee."
An individual, police officer or qualified department employee who has completed training in the inspection or weighing of vehicles as required by section 4704 (relating to inspection by police or Commonwealth personnel), 4981 (relating to weighing and measurement of vehicles) or 8302 (relating to powers and duties of department).
"Subject vehicle."
A motor vehicle having a gross vehicle weight rating of 9,000 pounds or less which is of a model year and uses a type of fuel specified by regulation of the department if the secretary certifies by publication in the Pennsylvania Bulletin that an emission inspection program for such vehicles is required to meet the attainment goals established by the Clean Air Act (Public Law 95-95, 42 U.S.C. § 7401 et seq.), as amended, and regulations promulgated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
"Vehicle equipment standard."
A minimum standard for vehicle performance or vehicle equipment performance which meets the needs of vehicle safety, noise control or air quality control, which is practicable and which provides objective criteria.
(Dec. 16, 1992, P.L.1250, No.166)
1992 Amendment.
See section 9 of Act 166 in the appendix to this title for special provisions relating to effective date.
Cross References.
Section 4102 is referred to in section 4150 of Title 3 (Agriculture).
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 41 - Equipment Standards › Section 4103 - Promulgation of vehicle equipment standards

§ 4103. Promulgation of vehicle equipment standards.
(a) General rule.--
The department shall promulgate vehicle equipment standards for vehicles, equipment and devices required under this part. To the maximum extent possible, consistent with safety, the standards shall be expressed in terms of minimum acceptable performance levels, measured against objective testing parameters.
(b) Applicability of Federal standards.--
Federal standards promulgated with respect to the performance of any vehicle or item of equipment shall have the same force and effect as if promulgated by the department under subsection (a) and shall supersede any Commonwealth standard applicable to the same aspect of performance for the vehicle or item of equipment.
(c) Incorporation of standards by reference.--
Subject to the provisions of subsections (a) and (b), applicable standards or recommended practices issued by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, the Vehicle Equipment Safety Commission, the American National Standards Institute, the Society of Automotive Engineers or any other generally recognized standards setting body may be adopted by reference, provided that copies of the standards are incorporated in the notice of proposed rule making.
(d) Applicability to certain vehicles.--
Vehicle equipment standards contained in this part or promulgated by the department under the authority given in this part shall not apply to a motor vehicle registered as an antique or classic vehicle containing equipment which meets the original manufacturer's specifications.
(e) Extension of standards prohibited.--
Vehicle equipment standards promulgated by the department shall not be extended to any vehicle which, because of its date of manufacture, is not required by Federal standards to have the equipment.
(f) Highly automated vehicles.--
(1) A highly automated vehicle that is designed to operate exclusively by the ADS or a highly automated vehicle driver in a remote location for all trips is not subject to motor vehicle equipment laws or regulations of this Commonwealth that relate to or support motor vehicle operation by a driver seated in the vehicle and are not relevant for an ADS.
(2) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to exempt an entire highly automated vehicle from the periodic inspection of vehicles under section 4702 (relating to requirement for periodic inspection of vehicles).
(Nov. 3, 2022, P.L.1946, No.130, eff. 240 days)
2022 Amendment.
Act 130 added subsec. (f).
Cross References.
Section 4103 is referred to in sections 3716, 4104, 4702 of this title.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 41 - Equipment Standards › Section 4104 - Testing and approval of equipment

§ 4104. Testing and approval of equipment.
(a) Authority of department.--
The department may require new vehicles and equipment to be tested and approved for compliance with the requirements of this part or any vehicle equipment standard adopted pursuant to section 4103(a) (relating to promulgation of vehicle equipment standards).
(b) Basis of approval.--
Approvals may be based on certification furnished to the department by the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators, or if the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators certification program does not cover the type of vehicle or equipment, the department shall determine approval on test reports prepared by such testing laboratories as the department may designate.
(c) Procedure for approval.--
The department shall establish by regulation the procedure to be followed when request for approval of any item of equipment is submitted under this section. The department shall not unreasonably withhold designation of any laboratory which meets the minimum criteria established by the department as an approved laboratory for equipment testing. Where a regulated manufacturer has its own in-house testing facilities which meet the minimum criteria, the department may accept test reports from the manufacturer for the purpose of granting equipment approvals.
(d) Markings on approved equipment.--
Each item of equipment requiring approval by the department shall bear the trademark, name or code symbol under which it is approved. If practicable, the markings shall be legible after installation. For the purposes of this subsection, code symbol means one assigned and approved by the department in the absence of a name or trademark.
(e) Lists of approved equipment.--
The department shall maintain lists of all items of equipment which have been approved under authority of this part. Copies of the lists or portions of the lists shall be made available at cost upon request.
Cross References.
Section 4104 is referred to in section 1954 of this title.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 41 - Equipment Standards › Section 4105 - Revocation and renewal of certificates of approval

§ 4105. Revocation and renewal of certificates of approval.
(a) Hearing to review approved devices.--
When the department has reason to believe that an approved device being sold commercially does not comply with the requirements of this part, it may, after giving 30 days' notice to the person holding the certificate of approval for the device, conduct a hearing upon the question of compliance of the approved device. After the hearing, the department shall determine whether the approved device meets the requirements of this part and shall notify the person holding the certificate of approval of the determination.
(b) Devices determined to be in violation.--
If the department determines as a result of the hearing that the device does not meet the requirements of this part, the person holding the certificate of approval shall have a period of 90 days to resubmit a request for approval. In the event the device is determined to be hazardous, the department may take immediate action through injunctive relief pursuant to section 4108 (relating to injunctive relief). If the person holding the certificate of approval fails to satisfy the department that the resubmitted device as thereafter to be sold meets the requirements of this part, the department shall revoke the approval issued unless the device is resubmitted to and retested by an authorized testing laboratory and is found to meet the requirements of this part. The department may require that all devices sold since the notification following the hearing be replaced with devices that do comply with the requirements of this part.
(c) Expiration of certificate.--
Certificates of approval issued for items of equipment required to be approved under this part will not expire except as provided by regulation or until revoked by the department.
(d) Renewal of certificate.--
Certificates of approval which expire pursuant to regulation shall be void after the period stated from the date of issue unless application is made for renewal of the certificates in accordance with the procedure established by the department, together with the applicable fee, and a new certificate of approval is issued.
(e) Promulgation of regulations.--
The department shall promulgate rules and regulations to effectuate the provisions of this section.
Cross References.
Section 4105 is referred to in section 4106 of this title.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 41 - Equipment Standards › Section 4106 - Market surveillance program

§ 4106. Market surveillance program.
(a) General rule.--
The department shall maintain a continuing program of market surveillance to insure that any items of vehicle equipment offered for sale in this Commonwealth and for which approvals are required are in compliance with the law.
(b) Purchase and testing of samples.--
The department may undertake at State expense random retail purchase and compliance testing of samples of equipment which is covered by a valid certificate of approval or which has been certified by its manufacturer as being in compliance with an applicable Federal motor vehicle safety standard. If the samples, upon testing, fail to meet the applicable performance requirements, the department may commence revocation proceedings pursuant to section 4105 (relating to revocation and renewal of certificates of approval).
(c) Notice of violations.--
If the market surveillance program reveals instances of items of equipment being offered for sale which have not been submitted for approval as required by State law or regulation or have been disapproved or have not been certified as being in compliance with an applicable Federal standard, immediate written notice of that fact shall be furnished the dealer, distributor, wholesaler or manufacturer. The dealer shall not thereafter sell the equipment and the distributor, wholesaler or manufacturer shall recall all the equipment from all dealers.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 41 - Equipment Standards › Section 4108 - Injunctive relief

§ 4108. Injunctive relief.
(a) General rule.--
Upon petition by the department, any court of competent jurisdiction in this Commonwealth may, for cause shown, restrain violations of this part or restrain the sale, offer for sale or use of any item of vehicle equipment which is determined to be in violation of this part or regulations promulgated pursuant thereto.
(b) Notice of contemplated action.--
Whenever practicable, the department shall give notice to any person against whom an action for injunctive relief is contemplated and afford an opportunity to present views and, except in the case of a knowing and willful violation, shall afford reasonable opportunity to achieve compliance. The failure to give notice and afford such opportunity shall not preclude the granting of appropriate relief.
(c) Nonjury criminal contempt proceedings.--
In any proceeding for criminal contempt for violation of an injunction or restraining order issued under this section, the court shall sit without intervention of a jury.
(Apr. 28, 1978, P.L.202, No.53, eff. 60 days)
1978 Amendment.
Act 53 amended subsec. (a).
Cross References.
Section 4108 is referred to in section 4105 of this title; section 4136 of Title 42 (Judiciary and Judicial Procedure).
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 43 - Lighting Equipment › Extra - Chapter Notes

Enactment.
Chapter 43 was added June 17, 1976, P.L.162, No.81, effective July 1, 1977, unless
            otherwise noted.
Cross References.
Chapter 43 is referred to in sections 3526, 3581, 4101, 4552, 4905 of this title.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 43 - Lighting Equipment › Section 4301 - Promulgation of regulations by department

§ 4301. Promulgation of regulations by department.
The department shall promulgate regulations governing the number, visibility, color, size, type, construction, location and use of lamps, other lighting equipment and any retroreflective surfaces on vehicles.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 43 - Lighting Equipment › Section 4302 - Periods for requiring lighted lamps

§ 4302. Periods for requiring lighted lamps.
(a) General rule.--
The operator of a vehicle upon a highway shall display the lighted head lamps and other lamps and illuminating devices required under this chapter for different classes of vehicles, subject to exceptions with respect to parked vehicles, at the following times:
(1) Between sunset and sunrise.
(2) Any time when the operator cannot discern a person or vehicle upon the highway from a distance of 1,000 feet due to insufficient light or unfavorable atmospheric conditions, including rain, snow, sleet, hail, fog, smoke or smog.
(3) Any time when the vehicle's windshield wipers are in continuous or intermittent use due to precipitation or atmospheric moisture, including rain, snow, sleet or mist.
(b) Signal lights.--
Stop lights, turn signals and other signaling devices shall be lighted as prescribed in this title.
(c) Applicability.--
This section shall not apply to motorcycles.
(June 11, 1992, P.L.266, No.47, eff. 60 days; Dec. 9, 2002, P.L.1278, No.152, eff. 60 days; Nov. 29, 2006, P.L.1449, No.159, eff. 60 days)
2006 Amendment.
Act 159 amended subsec. (a).
2002 Amendment.
Act 152 added subsec. (c).
Cross References.
Section 4302 is referred to in sections 3303, 3526 of this title.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 43 - Lighting Equipment › Section 4304 - Obstructed lights not required

§ 4304. Obstructed lights not required.
Whenever motor and other vehicles are operated in combination during the time that lights are required, any lamp (except a tail lamp) need not be lighted which, by reason of its location on a vehicle of the combination, is obscured by another vehicle of the combination, but this does not affect the requirement that lighted clearance lamps be displayed on the front of the foremost vehicle required to have clearance lamps, nor that all lights required on the rear of the rearmost vehicle of any combination shall be lighted.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 43 - Lighting Equipment › Section 4305 - Vehicular hazard signal lamps

§ 4305. Vehicular hazard signal lamps.
(a) General rule.--
Simultaneous flashing of the two front and two rear signal lamps shall indicate a vehicular traffic hazard. The driver of a motor vehicle equipped with simultaneous flashing signals shall use the signals when the vehicle is stopped or disabled on a highway, except when the vehicle is stopped in compliance with a traffic-control device or when legally parked. Drivers of other vehicles shall exercise extraordinary care in approaching, overtaking and passing a vehicle displaying vehicular hazard warning signals.
(b) Use outside business and residence districts.--
Outside of a business or residence district:
(1) The driver of a motor vehicle or combination equipped with simultaneous flashing signals shall use the signals when the vehicle is unable to maintain a speed of at least 25 miles per hour because of weather, grade or other similar factors or is unable to maintain a speed consistent with the normal flow of traffic.
(2) The driver of a bus equipped with simultaneous flashing signals shall use the signals when the bus is stopped with one or more wheels on the roadway between dusk and dawn for the purpose of receiving or discharging passengers.
(c) Use below minimum speed limit.--
The driver of a motor vehicle or combination equipped with simultaneous flashing signals shall use the signals when the vehicle is not maintaining at least the minimum speed established in accordance with the provisions of section 3364 (relating to minimum speed regulation).
(June 25, 1987, P.L.30, No.13, eff. 60 days)
Cross References.
Section 4305 is referred to in section 3327 of this title.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 43 - Lighting Equipment › Section 4306 - Use of multiple-beam road lighting equipment

§ 4306. Use of multiple-beam road lighting equipment.
(a) Approaching an oncoming vehicle.--
Whenever the driver of a vehicle approaches an oncoming vehicle within 500 feet, the driver shall use the low beam of light.
(b) Approaching a vehicle from rear.--
Whenever the driver of a vehicle approaches another vehicle from the rear within 300 feet, the driver shall use the low beam of light.
(c) Exception.--
(1) An emergency vehicle which is equipped with a flashing headlamp system that conforms to regulations promulgated by the department shall be exempt from the provisions of this section only when the vehicle is being used pursuant to the provisions of section 4571(e) (relating to visual and audible signals on emergency vehicles).
(2) Nothing in this section shall limit drivers from flashing high beams at oncoming vehicles as a warning of roadway emergencies or other dangerous or hazardous conditions ahead.
(Dec. 18, 1992, P.L.1411, No.174, eff. 60 days; Dec. 21, 1998, P.L.1126, No.151, eff. imd.; June 26, 2001, P.L.734, No.75, eff. 60 days)
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 43 - Lighting Equipment › Section 4308 - Lighted head lamps on school buses

§ 4308. Lighted head lamps on school buses.
Every school bus shall display lighted head lamps during the entire period that the school bus is in operation.
(Dec. 11, 1986, P.L.1530, No.166, eff. 60 days)
1986 Amendment.
Act 166 added section 4308.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 43 - Lighting Equipment › Section 4309 - Lighted head lamps in work zones

§ 4309. Lighted head lamps in work zones.
(a) Lighted head lamps required.--
Head lamps shall be lighted on every vehicle driving through a signed work zone. The department, local authorities or utilities, as the case may be, shall post or require its contractor to post, in advance of every work zone, an official sign warning drivers to light their vehicles' head lamps for an upcoming work zone.
(b) Penalty.--
A person who fails to comply with the requirements of subsection (a) commits a summary offense and shall, upon conviction, be sentenced to pay a fine of $25. No person shall be convicted of a violation of subsection (a) unless the person is also convicted of another violation of this title which occurred at the same time. No costs as described in 42 Pa.C.S. § 1725.1 (relating to costs) shall be imposed for summary conviction of subsection (a). Conviction under this subsection shall not constitute a moving violation.
(Dec. 23, 2002, P.L.1982, No.229, eff. 60 days)
2002 Amendment.
Act 229 added section 4309.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 43 - Lighting Equipment › Section 4310 - Motorcycle lighting

§ 4310. Motorcycle lighting.
Auxiliary lighting may be added to a motorcycle to protect the driver, including blue dot illumination, standard bulb running lights and light-emitting diode (LED) pods and strips.
(June 29, 2006, P.L.205, No.50, eff. 60 days)
2006 Amendment.
Act 50 added section 4310.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 45 - Other Required Equipment › Extra - Chapter Notes

Enactment.
Chapter 45 was added June 17, 1976, P.L.162, No.81, effective July 1, 1977, unless
            otherwise noted.
Cross References.
Chapter 45 is referred to in sections 3581, 4101 of this title.
Cross References.
Subchapter D is referred to in section 3327 of this title.
Enactment.
Subchapter E was added November 1, 1983, P.L.195, No.53, effective immediately, unless
            otherwise noted.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 45 - Other Required Equipment › Section 4501 - Promulgation of regulations by department

§ 4501. Promulgation of regulations by department.
The department shall promulgate regulations governing the type, size, construction, location and use of brake equipment taking into consideration different requirements for different classes or types of vehicles. The authority granted in this section includes the power to regulate the performance of the brake system on a vehicle.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 45 - Other Required Equipment › Section 4502 - General requirements for braking systems

§ 4502. General requirements for braking systems.
(a) Parking brakes.--
Every vehicle or combination, except a motorcycle, operated on a highway shall be equipped with a parking brake system adequate to hold the vehicle or combination on any grade on which it is operated, under all conditions of loading, on a surface free of ice or snow. The system shall not be designed to require a continuous or intermittent source of energy for full effectiveness after initial application.
(b) Service brakes.--
Every vehicle and combination operated on a highway shall be equipped with a service brake system adequate to control the movement of and to stop and hold the vehicle or combination on any grade on which it is operated, under all conditions of loading, and adequate to meet the braking performance standards established by regulation of the department.
(c) Breakaway systems.--
Every combination operated on a highway, the towed vehicle of which is equipped with brakes or which has a gross weight in excess of 3,000 pounds, shall be so equipped that, upon breakaway of the towed vehicle, the towed vehicle shall be stopped and held automatically, and the towing vehicle shall be capable of being stopped and held by use of its own service braking system.
(d) Exceptions.--
This section does not apply to towed instruments of husbandry and such items or types of special mobile equipment or commercial implements of husbandry as are specifically exempted from compliance by regulations promulgated by the department.
(Dec. 18, 1992, P.L.1411, No.174, eff. 60 days)
1992 Amendment.
Act 174 amended subsec. (d).
Cross References.
Section 4502 is referred to in section 3716 of this title.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 45 - Other Required Equipment › Section 4521 - Promulgation of regulations by department

§ 4521. Promulgation of regulations by department.
The department shall promulgate regulations governing the number, size, color, type, construction, location and use of other equipment on vehicles consistent with but not limited by the provisions of this subchapter and taking into consideration different requirements for different classes or types of vehicles.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 45 - Other Required Equipment › Section 4522 - Effect of amendments to Federal regulations (Repealed)

§ 4522. Effect of amendments to Federal regulations (Repealed).
1985 Repeal.
Section 4522 was repealed June 19, 1985, P.L.49, No.20, effective in 60 days.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 45 - Other Required Equipment › Section 4523 - Exhaust systems, mufflers and noise control

§ 4523. Exhaust systems, mufflers and noise control.
(a) Compliance with established sound levels.--
Every motor vehicle operated on a highway shall be constructed, equipped, maintained and operated so as not to exceed the sound level for the vehicle as prescribed in regulations promulgated by the department. The test procedures and instrumentation to be utilized shall also be established by regulation.
(b) Compliance with exhaust requirements.--
In addition to any requirements established under sections 4531 (relating to emission control systems) and 4532 (relating to smoke control for diesel-powered motor vehicles), every motor vehicle shall be constructed, equipped, maintained and operated so as to prevent engine exhaust gases from penetrating and collecting in any part of the vehicle occupied by the driver or passengers.
(c) Mufflers and related equipment.--
Every motor vehicle shall be equipped with a muffler or other effective noise suppressing system in good working order and in constant operation and no muffler or exhaust system shall be equipped with a cutout, bypass or similar device.
(d) Unauthorized modification of equipment.--
No person shall modify the exhaust system of a motor vehicle in a manner which will amplify or increase the noise emitted by the motor of the vehicle above the maximum levels permitted under subsection (a) or violate the provisions of subsection (b). Headers and side exhausts are permitted provided the vehicle meets all the requirements of this section.
(e) Fire equipment and racing vehicles.--
This section does not apply to fire equipment or to racing vehicles being operated in an organized racing or competitive event conducted under a permit issued by local authorities.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 45 - Other Required Equipment › Section 4525 - Tire equipment and traction surfaces

§ 4525. Tire equipment and traction surfaces.
(a) General rule.--
No vehicle shall be operated on the highway unless the vehicle is equipped with tires of a type, size and construction approved by the department for the vehicle and unless the tires are in a safe operating condition as determined in accordance with regulations of the department, except that commercial implements of husbandry may be equipped with tires marked for nonhighway use.
(b) Vehicles not equipped with pneumatic tires.--
It is unlawful for any person to operate or move, or cause or permit to be moved, in contact with any highway any vehicle equipped with traction or road contact surfaces other than pneumatic tires unless of a type, size and construction permitted by regulations of the department and unless the movement is made under specific conditions allowed by regulations of the department.
(c) Ice grips and tire studs.--
Tires in which ice grips or tire studs of wear resisting material have been installed which provide resiliency upon contact with the road and which have projections not exceeding two thirty-seconds of an inch beyond the tread of the traction surface of the tire shall be permitted between November 1 of each year and April 15 of the following year. The Governor may by executive order extend the time tires with ice grips or tire studs may be used when highway conditions are such that such tires would be a safety factor in traveling Commonwealth highways. The use of tires with ice grips or tire studs contrary to the provisions of this subsection shall be unlawful.
(d) Tire chains.--
Tire chains may be temporarily used on vehicles during periods of snow and ice emergency if they are in conformance with regulations promulgated by the department.
(e) Penalty.--
(1) Any person violating the provisions of subsection (c) shall be guilty of a summary offense and, upon conviction thereof, shall be sentenced to pay a fine as indicated in paragraph (2) and, in default of payment thereof, shall undergo imprisonment for not more than 30 days.
(2) Fines for violation of subsection (c) relating to the period of use of ice grips or tire studs shall be determined from the following chart based on the period of unauthorized use:
April 16 to May 31
$35
June 1 to June 30
45
July 1 to July 31
55
August 1 to August 31
55
September 1 to September 30
55
October 1 to October 31
55
(3) Fines for any other violation of subsection (c) shall be determined according to the chart in paragraph (2) except that fines for violations occurring between November 1 to April 15 shall be $10.
(Nov. 10, 1979, P.L.460, No.95, eff. imd.; July 10, 1984, P.L.679, No.146, eff. 60 days; May 20, 1993, P.L.30, No.10, eff. 60 days)
1993 Amendment.
Act 10 amended subsec. (a).
1984 Amendment.
Act 146 amended subsecs. (c) and (e).
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 45 - Other Required Equipment › Section 4526 - Safety glass

§ 4526. Safety glass.
(a) Safety glass required.--
It is unlawful to sell or to operate on any highway in this Commonwealth any vehicle manufactured or assembled after January 1, 1934, and registered in this Commonwealth unless the vehicle is equipped with safety glass or similar material, which is in compliance with regulations promulgated by the department, wherever transparent or translucent material is used in the vehicle in doors, windows, windshields and wings.
(b) Replacement of glass.--
It is unlawful for the owner of any vehicle to have safety glass, broken or otherwise, in the windshields, doors, windows or wings of the vehicle replaced with any glass other than safety glass. It is unlawful for any person to install in the windshields, doors, windows or wings of any vehicle any glass other than safety glass.
(c) Violation by common carrier or public utility.--
In case of any violation of any provision of this section by any common carrier or person operating under a certificate of authority issued by the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, the certificate shall either be revoked or, in the discretion of the commission, suspended until the provision or provisions are complied with to the satisfaction of the commission.
(d) Exception.--
This section does not apply to house trailers.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 45 - Other Required Equipment › Section 4527 - Image display device

§ 4527. Image display device.
(a) General rule.--
No motor vehicle shall be operated on a highway with an image display device where a broadcast television image, a live stream video image from the Internet, satellite or any other source or a prerecorded video image is visible to the driver while the vehicle is in motion.
(b) Exception.--
This section shall not apply to the following:
(1) Television-type receiving equipment in a vehicle used exclusively for safety or law enforcement purposes as approved by the Pennsylvania State Police.
(2) Image display devices used in conjunction with any of the following:
(i) A vehicle information display.
(ii) A global positioning device.
(iii) A mapping display.
(iv) A visual display used to enhance or supplement the driver's view forward, behind or to the sides of a motor vehicle for the purpose of maneuvering the vehicle.
(v) A visual display used to enhance or supplement a driver's view of vehicle occupants.
(vi) A visual display used exclusively for safety or traffic engineering information.
(vii) A television receiver, video monitor, television or video screen or any other similar means of visually displaying a television broadcast or video signal, if that equipment has an interlock device that, when the motor vehicle is driven, disables the equipment from displaying a broadcast television image, live stream video image from the Internet, satellite or any other source or a prerecorded video image.
(Apr. 29, 1994, P.L.148, No.25, eff. imd.; Apr. 20, 2016, P.L.151, No.19, eff. 60 days)
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 45 - Other Required Equipment › Section 4528 - Fire extinguishers

§ 4528. Fire extinguishers.
Every vehicle towing a house trailer, every motor home and every motor vehicle with a mounted truck-camper shall be equipped with at least one fire extinguisher of a type and size approved by the department.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 45 - Other Required Equipment › Section 4529 - Slow moving vehicle emblem

§ 4529. Slow moving vehicle emblem.
(a) General rule.--
All implements of husbandry, commercial implements of husbandry and special mobile equipment designed to operate at 25 miles per hour or less and all animal-drawn vehicles shall, when traveling on a highway, display on the rear of the vehicle a reflective slow moving vehicle emblem as specified in regulations of the department. The use of the slow moving vehicle emblem shall be in addition to any other lighting devices or equipment required by this title.
(b) Limitations on use or display.--
No person shall use or display the slow moving vehicle emblem except as provided in this section nor shall any person display the emblem on a vehicle traveling at a speed in excess of 25 miles per hour.
(c) Towed vehicles.--
The emblem shall be required to be displayed on a slow moving vehicle which is being towed on a highway unless the towing vehicle displays the emblem in such a manner as to be clearly visible from the rear.
(Dec. 18, 1992, P.L.1411, No.174, eff. 60 days)
1992 Amendment.
Act 174 amended subsec. (a).
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 45 - Other Required Equipment › Section 4530 - Portable emergency warning devices

§ 4530. Portable emergency warning devices.
(a) General rule.--
Every truck, other than a truck registered as either a Class I or Class II having a gross weight of 7,000 pounds or less, truck tractor and bus and any motor vehicle towing a trailer shall carry at least three portable emergency warning devices of a type specified by regulations promulgated by the department. The regulations shall be consistent with Motor Carrier Safety Regulations, Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Bureau of Motor Carrier Safety, section 393.95.
(b) When display required.--
Whenever any vehicle of a type referred to in subsection (a) is disabled or stopped for more than ten minutes upon a roadway or shoulder outside of an urban district, or upon any divided highway, the driver of the vehicle shall display the portable warning devices of the type required under subsection (a) in such manner as the department shall direct by regulations.
(July 10, 1984, P.L.679, No.146, eff. 60 days)
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 45 - Other Required Equipment › Section 4531 - Emission control systems

§ 4531. Emission control systems.
(a) Compliance with established maximum levels.--
No vehicle manufactured in compliance with the requirements of the Clean Air Act (77 Stat. 392, 42 U.S.C. § 1857), or any amendments or supplements thereto, shall have emissions exceeding the maximum permissible levels prescribed by law.
(b) Limitation on alteration of system.--
No person shall disable, change or alter the emission control system of a vehicle. Original emission control components or replacements in kind shall be present and functioning on all vehicles. A subject vehicle may be equipped with any added components which are designed to improve emissions. It is unlawful for a subject vehicle that is not in compliance with the preceding requirements to be operated under its own power until a reinspection at an official emission inspection station establishes its full compliance, provided that it shall be lawful for the vehicle to be operated under its own power by the vehicle owner while en route to the official emission inspection station for a reinspection.
(c) Limitation on sale and operation of vehicles with altered systems.--
No person shall knowingly sell or operate a vehicle whose emission control system has been disabled, changed or altered from its original design specifications, except for in-kind replacement of system components and added components which are designed to improve emissions.
(Dec. 16, 1992, P.L.1250, No.166; Dec. 28, 1994, P.L.1450, No.172, eff. 60 days)
1994 Amendment.
Act 172 amended subsec. (c).
Automobile Emission Program.
Section 12 of Act 129 of 1982 provided that nothing in Act 129 shall be construed as requiring an automobile emission program. The notice stating that the enhanced emission inspection program will commence January 2, 1995, was published in the Pennsylvania Bulletin on October 29, 1994, at 24 Pa.B. 5472.
Cross References.
Section 4531 is referred to in section 4523 of this title.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 45 - Other Required Equipment › Section 4532 - Smoke control for diesel-powered motor vehicles

§ 4532. Smoke control for diesel-powered motor vehicles.
(a) Standards and inspection.--
The department shall promulgate regulations for the control of smoke from diesel-powered motor vehicles prescribing standards, inspection procedures and inspection equipment.
(b) Compliance with standards.--
No person shall operate a diesel-powered motor vehicle on a highway in such a manner that the smoke emitted exceeds the standards established under this section. Each day of operation in violation shall constitute a separate offense under this subsection.
(c) Correction to avoid prosecution.--
Any person arrested in violation of this section shall, upon written notice, be given the opportunity to correct the violation within 48 hours. If sufficient proof of correction is furnished to the arresting officer or his representative within 48 hours of the delivery of the written notice, no prosecution of the violation shall be brought.
(d) Limitation on alteration of system.--
No person shall intentionally change or alter a factory installed smoke control system on any diesel-powered vehicle or its fuel system so as to limit the ability of the system to control smoke, and no person shall remove the smoke control system except for repair or installation of a proper replacement.
Cross References.
Section 4532 is referred to in section 4523 of this title.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 45 - Other Required Equipment › Section 4533 - Rear wheel shields

§ 4533. Rear wheel shields.
Every truck with a gross weight exceeding 11,000 pounds, trailer and truck tractor (without a semitrailer) driven on a highway shall be so constructed or equipped as to bar water or other road surface substances thrown from the rear wheels of such vehicle or combination at tangents exceeding 22 1/2 degrees, measured from the road surface, from passing in a straight line to the rear of such vehicle or combination.
(Dec. 9, 2002, P.L.1278, No.152, eff. 60 days)
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 45 - Other Required Equipment › Section 4534 - Rearview mirrors

§ 4534. Rearview mirrors.
No person shall operate a motor vehicle or combination on a highway unless the vehicle or combination is equipped with at least one mirror, or similar device, which provides the driver an unobstructed view of the highway to the rear of the vehicle or combination. This section shall not apply to any special mobile equipment, commercial implement of husbandry or implement of husbandry that is not so equipped by the original manufacturer.
(June 23, 1982, P.L.605, No.171, eff. imd.; Dec. 18, 1992, P.L.1411, No.174, eff. 60 days)
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 45 - Other Required Equipment › Section 4535 - Audible warning devices

§ 4535. Audible warning devices.
(a) General rule.--
Every motor vehicle operated on a highway shall be equipped with a horn or other audible warning device of a type approved in regulations of the department.
(b) Certain sound devices prohibited.--
Except as specifically provided in this part or by regulations of the department, no vehicle operated on a highway shall be equipped with a siren, bell, whistle or any device emitting a similar sound or any unreasonably loud or harsh sound.
(c) Exceptions.--
This section shall not apply to any special mobile equipment, commercial implement of husbandry or implement of husbandry that is not so equipped by the original manufacturer.
(June 23, 1982, P.L.605, No.171, eff. imd.; Dec. 18, 1992, P.L.1411, No.174, eff. 60 days)
1992 Amendment.
Act 174 amended subsec. (c).
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 45 - Other Required Equipment › Section 4536 - Bumpers

§ 4536. Bumpers.
No person shall operate any vehicle upon a highway without bumpers of a type specified by regulations of the department in both the front and rear unless the vehicle was originally designed and manufactured to be used without bumpers. This section shall not apply to any special mobile equipment, commercial implement of husbandry or implement of husbandry that is not so equipped by the original manufacturer. The driver of a commercial implement of husbandry equipped with vehicular hazard signal lamps shall use the signals when the vehicle is traveling below the speed limit on any highway if the vehicle is not equipped with a rear bumper.
(June 23, 1982, P.L.605, No.171, eff. imd.; Dec. 18, 1992, P.L.1411, No.174, eff. 60 days; May 20, 1993, P.L.30, No.10, eff. 60 days)
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 45 - Other Required Equipment › Section 4537 - Device used to carry pedalcycles

§ 4537. Device used to carry pedalcycles.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this title to the contrary, a bus used for public transportation shall be permitted to operate with a device used to carry pedalcycles mounted on the front of the bus if the device, including the pedalcycles, does not extend more than 36 inches.
(Dec. 21, 1998, P.L.1126, No.151, eff. 60 days)
1998 Amendment.
Act 151 added section 4537.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 75 - VEHICLES › Chapter 45 - Other Required Equipment › Section 4551 - Safety regulations

§ 4551. Safety regulations.
(a) General rule.--
All school buses and all other vehicles used in the transportation of school children, owned by or under contract with any school district or parochial or private school, shall conform to standards prescribed by the department. Regulations shall be promulgated by the department governing the safe design, construction, equipment and operation of vehicles engaged in the transportation of school children.
(b) Violation and penalty.--
No person shall operate or permit the operation of a vehicle of a type specified in this subchapter which is not in compliance with the requirements of this subchapter or applicable regulations issued under this subchapter. Violation of this section constitutes a summary offense punishable by a fine of not less than $50 nor more than $100.