reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 83 - Particular Rights and Immunities › Section 8387 - Protection of witnesses

§ 8387. Protection of witnesses.
At the time of an application for the issuance of a restraining order or an injunction if proof of the existence of the drug-related nuisance depends, in whole or part, upon the affidavits of witnesses who are not law enforcement officers, upon a showing of prior threats of violence or acts of violence by any defendant or other person alleged to be involved in the drug-related nuisance, the court may issue orders to protect those witnesses, providing for nondisclosure of the name, address or any other identifying information pertaining to the witnesses, and such other and further relief as the court may deem appropriate.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 83 - Particular Rights and Immunities › Section 8388 - Security

§ 8388. Security.
No bond shall be required to issue a preliminary injunction or special injunction sought by the district attorney or the solicitor for the county or municipality. A bond in an amount fixed and with security approved by the court may be required to issue a preliminary injunction or special injunction when the plaintiff is not the district attorney, the Attorney General or a solicitor for the county or municipality. Where such relief is issued after an evidentiary hearing at which witnesses are subject to cross examination, the court shall not require a bond in excess of $500.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 83 - Particular Rights and Immunities › Section 8390 - Violation of injunctions or abatement order

§ 8390. Violation of injunctions or abatement order.
(a) Contempt.--
A violation of any court order issued under this subchapter is punishable as a contempt of court by a fine of not less than $500 nor more than $75,000. The court may order the sheriff or other proper officer of any county to take into custody and commit to jail any person fined for a contempt until the fine shall be paid or discharged. If unable to pay the fine, the person may be committed to jail by the court for not more than three months. Evidence concerning the duration and repetitive nature of the violations shall be considered by the court in determining the contempt penalties.
(b) Additional orders.--
In addition, upon finding that a defendant has willfully violated a court order issued under this subchapter, the court shall be also empowered to issue any additional orders necessary to abate this drug-related nuisance.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 83 - Particular Rights and Immunities › Section 8391 - Release and cancellation

§ 8391. Release and cancellation.
(a) No knowledge and abatement.--
The court may suspend the effectiveness of an order of abatement for no more than 90 days if the owner of the property establishes that he had no knowledge of the drug-related nuisance and could not reasonably be expected to have such knowledge and the owner avers that he will immediately undertake specified measures to abate the nuisance and prevent it from being a drug-related nuisance for the following two-year period.
(b) Fines and bond.--
The courts shall cancel the order of abatement if the owner of the property pays all fines and liens against the property, satisfies the court that the drug-related nuisance has been abated for the past 90 days, corrects all housing code and health code violations and posts a bond in an amount to be determined by the court, which will be immediately forfeitable if the drug-related nuisance recurs during the following one-year period.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 83 - Particular Rights and Immunities › Section 8392 - Severability

§ 8392. Severability.
If any provision of this subchapter or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid or unenforceable, the remainder of this subchapter or the application of the provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Extra - Chapter Notes

Enactment.
Present Chapter 85 was added October 5, 1980, P.L.693, No.142, effective in 60 days.
Prior Provisions.
Former Chapter 85, which related to matters affecting the Commonwealth, was added
            April 28, 1978, P.L.202, No.53, and repealed October 5, 1980, P.L.693, No.142, effective
            in 60 days.
Cross References.
Chapter 85 is referred to in sections 761, 5522, 8332.5 of this title; section 7505
            of Title 32 (Forests, Waters and State Parks); section 2385 of Title 34 (Game); section
            2212 of Title 66 (Public Utilities); section 9117 of Title 74 (Transportation).
Cross References.
Subchapter B is referred to in section 931 of this title; section 6018 of Title 64
            (Public Authorities and Quasi-Public Corporations).
Cross References.
Subchapter C is referred to in sections 762, 8337 of this title; section 315 of Title
            3 (Agriculture); section 5311.1 of Title 35 (Health and Safety); section 3306 of Title
            58 (Oil and Gas); section 6345 of Title 75 (Vehicles).
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Section 8501 - Definitions

§ 8501. Definitions.
The following words and phrases when used in this chapter shall have, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the meanings given to them in this section:
"Act."
Includes a failure to act.
"Commonwealth party."
A Commonwealth agency and any employee thereof, but only with respect to an act within the scope of his office or employment.
"Employee."
Any person who is acting or who has acted on behalf of a government unit whether on a permanent or temporary basis, whether compensated or not and whether within or without the territorial boundaries of the government unit, including any volunteer fireman and any elected or appointed officer, member of a governing body or other person designated to act for the government unit. Independent contractors under contract to the government unit and their employees and agents and persons performing tasks over which the government unit has no legal right of control are not employees of the government unit.
"Injury."
Includes death.
"Judicial determination."
Any determination by a court of competent jurisdiction including any settlement approved by such court.
"Local agency."
A government unit other than the Commonwealth government. The term includes, but is not limited to, an intermediate unit; municipalities cooperating in the exercise or performance of governmental functions, powers or responsibilities under 53 Pa.C.S. Ch. 23 Subch. A (relating to intergovernmental cooperation); and councils of government and other entities created by two or more municipalities under 53 Pa.C.S. Ch. 23 Subch. A.
(Dec. 20, 2000, P.L.946, No.129, eff. 60 days)
2000 Amendment.
Act 129 amended the def. of "local agency."
Prior Provisions.
Former section 8501 was added April 28 1978, P.L.202, No.53, and repealed October 5, 1980, P.L.693, No.142. The subject matter of former section 8501 is now contained in section 8502 of this title.
Cross References.
Section 8501 is referred to in sections 1123, 1515, 8332.3 of this title; section 1711 of Title 74 (Transportation).
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Section 8502 - Enforcement proceedings

§ 8502. Enforcement proceedings.
(a) Venue.--
Except as otherwise prescribed by general rules the venue of any action or proceeding by a Commonwealth agency to enforce any statute or regulation or order of a government unit may be laid in any court having jurisdiction of the subject matter.
(b) Bond.--
Neither a Commonwealth agency nor a district attorney shall be required to give bond in connection with any application for equitable relief incident to the enforcement of any statute or regulation or order of a government unit.
Cross References.
Section 8502 is referred to in section 1711 of Title 74 (Transportation).
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Section 8521 - Sovereign immunity generally

§ 8521. Sovereign immunity generally.
(a) General rule.--
Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, no provision of this title shall constitute a waiver of sovereign immunity for the purpose of 1 Pa.C.S. § 2310 (relating to sovereign immunity reaffirmed; specific waiver) or otherwise.
(b) Federal courts.--
Nothing contained in this subchapter shall be construed to waive the immunity of the Commonwealth from suit in Federal courts guaranteed by the Eleventh Amendment to the Constitution of the United States.
Cross References.
Section 8521 is referred to in section 1711 of Title 74 (Transportation); section 6109 of Title 75 (Vehicles).
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Section 8523 - Venue and process

§ 8523. Venue and process.
(a) Venue.--
Actions for claims against a Commonwealth party may be brought in and only in a county in which the principal or local office of the Commonwealth party is located or in which the cause of action arose or where a transaction or occurrence took place out of which the cause of action arose. If venue is obtained in the Twelfth Judicial District (Dauphin County) solely because the principal office of the Commonwealth party is located within it, any judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County shall have the power to transfer the action to any appropriate county where venue would otherwise lie.
(b) Process.--
Service of process in the case of an action against the Commonwealth shall be made at the principal or local office of the Commonwealth agency that is being sued and at the office of the Attorney General.
Cross References.
Section 8523 is referred to in section 1711 of Title 74 (Transportation).
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Section 8524 - Defenses

§ 8524. Defenses.
The following common law defenses are available:
(1) An official of a Commonwealth agency, or a member of the General Assembly or the judiciary may assert on his own behalf, or the Commonwealth may assert on his behalf, defenses which have heretofore been available to such officials.
(2) An employee of a Commonwealth agency, or a member of the General Assembly or of the judiciary may assert on his own behalf, or the Commonwealth may assert on his behalf, the defense that the employee was acting pursuant to a duty required by a statute or statutorily authorized regulation.
(3) An employee of a Commonwealth agency, or a member of the General Assembly or of the judiciary may assert on his own behalf, or the Commonwealth may assert on his behalf, the defense that the act was within the discretion granted to the employee by statute or statutorily authorized regulation.
Cross References.
Section 8524 is referred to in section 1711 of Title 74 (Transportation).
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Section 8525 - Legal assistance

§ 8525. Legal assistance.
When an action is brought under this subchapter against an employee of the Commonwealth government, and it is alleged that the act of the employee which gave rise to the claim was within the scope of the office or duties of the employee, the Commonwealth through the Attorney General shall defend the action, unless the Attorney General determines that the act did not occur within the scope of the office or duties of the employee. In the latter case, if it is subsequently determined that the act occurred within the scope of the office or duties of the employee, the Commonwealth shall reimburse the employee for the expense of his legal defense in such amounts as shall be determined to be reasonable by the court. If an action is brought against a Commonwealth government employee for damages on account of injury to a person or property and it is not alleged that the act of the employee which gave rise to the claim was within the scope of his office or duties, and he successfully defends the action on the basis that the act was within the scope of his office or duties, and he has given prior notice to the Attorney General and the Attorney General has refused to defend the action, he shall likewise be entitled to the reasonable expenses of the defense.
Cross References.
Section 8525 is referred to in sections 6006, 6018 of Title 64 (Public Authorities and Quasi-Public Corporations); sections 1711, 1722 of Title 74 (Transportation).
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Section 8526 - Counterclaim by the Commonwealth

§ 8526. Counterclaim by the Commonwealth.
In any action initiated under this subchapter, the Commonwealth may set forth any cause of action or set-off which it has against the plaintiff. A counterclaim need not diminish or defeat the relief demanded by the plaintiff. It may demand relief exceeding in amount or different in kind from that demanded by the plaintiff.
Cross References.
Section 8526 is referred to in section 1711 of Title 74 (Transportation).
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Section 8527 - Indemnity relating to inmate health care

§ 8527. Indemnity relating to inmate health care.
The Commonwealth shall indemnify against liability a municipal corporation for a claim against the municipal corporation arising from an act or omission of the municipal corporation, its officials, its employees or agents when participating in a program for the provision of medical treatment in a health care facility to inmates from a Commonwealth correctional facility pursuant to a program authorized by the Department of Corrections. This indemnification shall not extend to claims of medical malpractice against any person nor to claims against the health care facility, its employees or agents nor to claims against the municipal corporation that are the result of gross negligence, wanton and reckless acts or intentional misconduct by the municipal corporation, its officials, employees or agents.
(Feb. 12, 1992, P.L.1, No.1, eff. imd.)
1992 Amendment.
Act 1 added section 8527.
Cross References.
Section 8527 is referred to in section 1711 of Title 74 (Transportation).
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Section 8528 - Limitations on damages

§ 8528. Limitations on damages.
(a) General rule.--
Actions for which damages are limited by reference to this subchapter shall be limited as set forth in this section.
(b) Amount recoverable.--
Damages arising from the same cause of action or transaction or occurrence or series of causes of action or transactions or occurrences shall not exceed $250,000 in favor of any plaintiff or $1,000,000 in the aggregate.
(c) Types of damages recoverable.--
Damages shall be recoverable only for:
(1) Past and future loss of earnings and earning capacity.
(2) Pain and suffering.
(3) Medical and dental expenses including the reasonable value of reasonable and necessary medical and dental services, prosthetic devices and necessary ambulance, hospital, professional nursing, and physical therapy expenses accrued and anticipated in the diagnosis, care and recovery of the claimant.
(4) Loss of consortium.
(5) Property losses, except that property losses shall not be recoverable in claims brought pursuant to section 8522(b)(5) (relating to exceptions to sovereign immunity).
(d) Exclusions.--
This section shall not apply to damages awarded under section 8522(b)(10).
(Nov. 26, 2019, P.L.641, No.87, eff. Nov. 26, 2019)
2019 Amendment.
Act 87 amended subsec. (c)(5) and added subsec. (d). See sections 9 and 10(3) of Act 87 in the appendix to this title for special provisions relating to severability and applicability.
Cross References.
Section 8528 is referred to in section 8522 of this title; section 1711 of Title 74 (Transportation).
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Section 8553 - Limitations on damages

§ 8553. Limitations on damages.
(a) General rule.--
Actions for which damages are limited by reference to this subchapter shall be limited as set forth in this section.
(b) Amounts recoverable.--
Damages arising from the same cause of action or transaction or occurrence or series of causes of action or transactions or occurrences shall not exceed $500,000 in the aggregate.
(c) Types of losses recognized.--
Damages shall be recoverable only for:
(1) Past and future loss of earnings and earning capacity.
(2) Pain and suffering in the following instances:
(i) death; or
(ii) only in cases of permanent loss of a bodily function, permanent disfigurement or permanent dismemberment where the medical and dental expenses referred to in paragraph (3) are in excess of $1,500.
(3) Medical and dental expenses including the reasonable value of reasonable and necessary medical and dental services, prosthetic devices and necessary ambulance, hospital, professional nursing, and physical therapy expenses accrued and anticipated in the diagnosis, care and recovery of the claimant.
(4) Loss of consortium.
(5) Loss of support.
(6) Property losses.
(d) Insurance benefits.--
If a claimant receives or is entitled to receive benefits under a policy of insurance other than a life insurance policy as a result of losses for which damages are recoverable under subsection (c), the amount of such benefits shall be deducted from the amount of damages which would otherwise be recoverable by such claimant.
(e) Exclusions.--
This section shall not apply to damages awarded under section 8542(b)(9) (relating to exceptions to governmental immunity).
(Nov. 26, 2019, P.L.641, No.87, eff. Nov. 26, 2019)
2019 Amendment.
Act 87 added subsec. (e). See sections 9 and 10(3) of Act 87 in the appendix to this title for special provisions relating to severability and applicability.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Section 8541 - Governmental immunity generally

§ 8541. Governmental immunity generally.
Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, no local agency shall be liable for any damages on account of any injury to a person or property caused by any act of the local agency or an employee thereof or any other person.
Cross References.
Section 8541 is referred to in section 8542 of this title; section 9158.5 of Title 18 (Crimes and Offenses).
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Section 8545 - Official liability generally

§ 8545. Official liability generally.
An employee of a local agency is liable for civil damages on account of any injury to a person or property caused by acts of the employee which are within the scope of his office or duties only to the same extent as his employing local agency and subject to the limitations imposed by this subchapter.
Cross References.
Section 8545 is referred to in sections 8550, 8557 of this title; section 9158.5 of Title 18 (Crimes and Offenses).
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Section 8546 - Defense of official immunity

§ 8546. Defense of official immunity.
In any action brought against an employee of a local agency for damages on account of an injury to a person or property based upon claims arising from, or reasonably related to, the office or the performance of the duties of the employee, the employee may assert on his own behalf, or the local agency may assert on his behalf:
(1) Defenses which are available at common law to the employee.
(2) The defense that the conduct of the employee which gave rise to the claim was authorized or required by law, or that he in good faith reasonably believed the conduct was authorized or required by law.
(3) The defense that the act of the employee which gave rise to the claim was within the policymaking discretion granted to the employee by law. For purposes of this subsection, all acts of members of the governing body of a local agency or of the chief executive officer thereof are deemed to be within the policymaking discretion granted to such person by law.
Cross References.
Section 8546 is referred to in sections 8542, 8550 of this title.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Section 8547 - Legal assistance

§ 8547. Legal assistance.
(a) Mandatory provision of legal assistance generally.--
When an action is brought against an employee of a local agency for damages on account of an injury to a person or property, and it is alleged that the act of the employee which gave rise to the claim was within the scope of the office or duties of the employee, the local agency shall, upon the written request of the employee, defend the action, unless or until there is a judicial determination that such act was not within the scope of the office or duties of the employee.
(b) Optional provision of legal assistance generally.--
When an action is brought against an employee of a local agency for damages on account of an injury to a person or property, and it is not alleged that the act of the employee which gave rise to the claim was within the scope of his office or duties, the local agency may, upon the written request of the employee, defend the action, and such undertaking to defend thereafter may be withdrawn only with the approval of the court. If the local agency has refused a written request to defend the action, and it is judicially determined that the act was, or that the employee in good faith reasonably believed that such act was, within the scope of the office or duties of the employee and did not constitute a crime, actual fraud, actual malice or willful misconduct, the local agency shall reimburse the employee for the expenses of his legal defense in such amounts as shall be determined to be reasonable by the court.
(c) Control of litigation.--
When, pursuant to subsection (a) or subsection (b), the local agency defends an action against an employee thereof at the request of the employee, it may assume exclusive control of the defense of the employee, keeping him advised with respect thereto, and the employee shall cooperate fully with the defense, except that in situations where the legal counsel provided by the local agency determines that the interests of the employee and the local agency conflict, the local agency shall obtain the express written consent of the employee for such interested representation or shall supply independent representation.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Section 8548 - Indemnity

§ 8548. Indemnity.
(a) Indemnity by local agency generally.--
When an action is brought against an employee of a local agency for damages on account of an injury to a person or property, and he has given timely prior written notice to the local agency, and it is judicially determined that an act of the employee caused the injury and such act was, or that the employee in good faith reasonably believed that such act was, within the scope of his office or duties, the local agency shall indemnify the employee for the payment of any judgment on the suit.
(b) Indemnity by employee generally.--
No employee of a local agency shall be liable to the local agency for any surcharge, contribution, indemnity or reimbursement for any liability incurred by the local agency for damages on account of an injury to a person or property caused by an act of the employee which was within the scope of his office or duties or which he in good faith reasonably believed to be within the scope of his office or duties. No employee of a local agency shall be liable to the local agency for any surcharge, contribution, indemnity or reimbursement for any expenses or legal fees incurred by the local agency while defending the employee against a claim for damages on account of an injury to a person or property caused by an act of the employee.
(c) Cooperation.--
In any action against a local agency or an employee thereof for damages on account of an injury caused by the act of the employee in which action the employee has not fully cooperated with the local agency in the defense of the action, the provisions of subsection (b) shall not apply.
Cross References.
Section 8548 is referred to in section 8550 of this title.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Section 8549 - Limitation on damages

§ 8549. Limitation on damages.
In any action brought against an employee of a local agency for damages on account of an injury to a person or property in which it is judicially determined that the act of the employee caused the injury and that such act was, or that the employee in good faith reasonably believed that such act was, within the scope of his office or duties, damages shall be recoverable only within the limits set forth in this subchapter.
Cross References.
Section 8549 is referred to in section 8550 of this title.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Section 8550 - Willful misconduct

§ 8550. Willful misconduct.
In any action against a local agency or employee thereof for damages on account of an injury caused by the act of the employee in which it is judicially determined that the act of the employee caused the injury and that such act constituted a crime, actual fraud, actual malice or willful misconduct, the provisions of sections 8545 (relating to official liability generally), 8546 (relating to defense of official immunity), 8548 (relating to indemnity) and 8549 (relating to limitation on damages) shall not apply.
Cross References.
Section 8550 is referred to in section 4352 of Title 23 (Domestic Relations).
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Section 8557 - Judgment as a bar

§ 8557. Judgment as a bar.
The judgment in an action cognizable under section 8545 (relating to official liability generally) shall constitute a complete bar to any action by the claimant, by reason of the same subject matter, against the local agency of which the defendant in such action is an employee. The judgment in an action under section 8542 (relating to exceptions to governmental immunity) shall constitute a complete bar to any action by the claimant, by reason of the same subject matter, against the employee whose act gave rise to the claim.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Section 8558 - Judgments against insured local agency

§ 8558. Judgments against insured local agency.
If the judgment is obtained against a local agency that has procured a contract or policy of public liability insurance protection, the holder of the judgment may use the methods of collecting the judgment as are provided by the policy or contract and the laws of the Commonwealth to the extent of the limits of coverage provided.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Section 8559 - Judgments against self-insured local agency and those not fully insured

§ 8559. Judgments against self-insured local agency and those not fully insured.
For the payment of any judgment obtained under the provisions of this subchapter against a local agency that is a self-insurer or not fully covered by liability insurance, the manner of paying a money judgment shall be based upon a proof of indebtedness or evidence of any estimated tax levy necessary for payment of the judgment and any other evidence or statements which the court of original jurisdiction may require. As an alternative to paying the money judgment in this manner, the court may provide for the judgment to be paid over a period of not less than one nor more than ten years. The interest rate on any judgment where payment is extended more than three years shall be at the rate prescribed by law for the first three years and at the rate of 6% for each remaining year.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Section 8563 - General powers of local agencies

§ 8563. General powers of local agencies.
(a) Rules and regulations.--
A local agency may promulgate rules and regulations not inconsistent with this subchapter in order to implement the intent of this subchapter.
(b) Delegation of duties.--
Any duties placed upon a local agency under the provisions of this subchapter may be delegated to an independent contractor by a written agreement.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 85 - Matters Affecting Government Units › Section 8564 - Liability insurance and self-insurance

§ 8564. Liability insurance and self-insurance.
(a) Purchase of liability insurance.--
A local agency may purchase insurance on itself or its employees for any liability arising from the performance of their duties within the scope of their employment.
(b) Employment of risk manager.--
A local agency may employ a professional risk manager whose responsibility it shall be to administer a public liability insurance program for the local agency and initiate any risk management program for the local agency and its employees.
(c) Joint action by local agency.--
Any two or more local agencies may join together, enter into any agreements or jointly contract for the development of a group risk management program either through the provisions of the act of July 12, 1972 (P.L.762, No.180), referred to as the Intergovernmental Cooperation Law, or any other applicable statute. Any two or more local agencies may join together, enter into any agreements or jointly contract for the purchasing of public liability insurance. Any two or more local agencies may pool their public liability insurance risks through the provisions of the act of July 12, 1972 (P.L.762, No.180) or any other applicable statute.
(d) Insurance pooling and coinsurance.--
The pooling of insurance risks, reserves, claims or losses shall not be construed to be transacting insurance nor otherwise subject local agencies to the provisions of statutes regulating insurance or insurance companies. Local agencies may be coinsured under a master policy and the total premium may be prorated among the local agencies. Any county may undertake a group risk management program or public liability insurance program on behalf of itself and any other local agencies covered by this subchapter within the county that wish to voluntarily participate in the programs.
(e) Self-insurance.--
Any local agency may self-insure which must be funded on an annual basis by appropriations to establish a reserve for self-insurance purposes.
References in Text.
The act of July 12, 1972, P.L.762, No.180, referred to as the Intergovernmental Cooperation Law, referred to in subsec. (c), was repealed by the act of December 19, 1996, P.L.1158, No.177. The subject matter is now contained in Subchapter A of Chapter 23 of Title 53 (Municipalities Generally).
Cross References.
Section 8564 is referred to in sections 5602, 8002 of Title 53 (Municipalities Generally).
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 87 - General Provisions › Extra - Chapter Notes

Enactment.
Chapter 87 was added July 9, 1976, P.L.586, No.142, effective 60 days from the date
            of final enactment of the act of April 28, 1978, P.L.202, No.53.
Enactment.
Subchapter B was added October 5, 1980, P.L.693, No.142, effective in 60 days.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 87 - General Provisions › Section 8701 - Interpreters for the deaf (Deleted by amendment)

§ 8701. Interpreters for the deaf (Deleted by amendment).
2006 Amendment.
Section 8701 was deleted by amendment Nov. 29, 2006, P.L.1538, No.172, effective in 60 days.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 87 - General Provisions › Section 8702 - Impaneling jury from another county

§ 8702. Impaneling jury from another county.
(a) General rule.--
If, upon motion and following a hearing, the court of common pleas determines that a fair and impartial jury cannot be impaneled in the county where the criminal complaint is filed, as an alternative to issuing an order for a change of venue the court may direct that jurors be impaneled from another county. The order for impanelment of a jury from another county shall be certified forthwith to the Supreme Court which shall designate and notify the county of impanelment.
(b) Impanelment and transportation.--
The jury shall be impaneled as in other cases in the county where the jury is to be impaneled and transported to the county where the complaint is filed.
(c) Payment of costs.--
All costs incurred under this section shall be paid by the county where the complaint is filed.
(d) Change of venue powers unaffected.--
This section does not lessen the power of the court of common pleas to order a change of venue.
(Apr. 1, 1980, P.L.62, No.25, eff. imd.)
1980 Amendment.
Act 25 added section 8702.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 87 - General Provisions › Section 8703 - Arraignment

§ 8703. Arraignment.
(a) General rule.--
The arraignment of the defendant may be satisfied, in the discretion of the court, either by the physical appearance of the defendant before the court or by two-way electronic audio-video communication. The audio-video communication must operate so that the defendant and the judge can see each other simultaneously and converse with each other. If the defendant has counsel, the defendant shall be allowed to communicate fully and confidentially with his attorney during the proceeding. A judge may order the defendant to physically appear in court for the arraignment.
(b) Court rules.--
Except for the provisions of this section, arraignments shall be in the form and in the manner as provided by court rule.
(June 11, 1998, P.L.463, No.67, eff. 60 days)
1998 Amendment.
Act 67 added section 8703.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 87 - General Provisions › Section 8721 - Definitions

§ 8721. Definitions.
The following words and phrases when used in this subchapter shall have, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the meanings given to them in this section:
"Confidential information."
Any records, files, data or information, withheld as confidential, whether pursuant to statute or otherwise, by any Commonwealth agency from the Attorney General, a district attorney, the Pennsylvania Crime Commission or a committee or subcommittee of either House of the General Assembly having subpoena power to investigate criminal activity. The term shall not include personal income tax information or the investigative or intelligence files of the State Police, the Attorney General or the Pennsylvania Crime Commission.
"Crime Commission."
The Pennsylvania Crime Commission existing under the act of October 4, 1978 (P.L.876, No.169), known as the "Pennsylvania Crime Commission Act."
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 87 - General Provisions › Section 8722 - Petition for access to confidential information

§ 8722. Petition for access to confidential information.
The Attorney General, a district attorney, the Executive Director of the Crime Commission acting pursuant to a resolution of the Crime Commission or a committee or subcommittee of either House of the General Assembly having subpoena power to investigate criminal activity, may ex parte petition any judge of the Commonwealth Court for an order providing access to confidential information.
Cross References.
Section 8722 is referred to in section 8723 of this title.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 87 - General Provisions › Section 8723 - Grounds for access

§ 8723. Grounds for access.
Any judge of the Commonwealth Court shall enter an order providing access to confidential information if, on the basis of a petition under section 8722 (relating to petition for access to confidential information), he finds that:
(1) the petitioner is engaged in an ongoing investigation of criminal activity; and
(2) a Commonwealth agency may have confidential information reasonably related to such an investigation.
Cross References.
Section 8723 is referred to in section 8724 of this title.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 87 - General Provisions › Section 8724 - Disclosure of confidential information

§ 8724. Disclosure of confidential information.
(a) General rule.--
Disclosure of confidential information shall be limited as follows:
(1) disclosure by the Commonwealth agency holding such information shall be limited to persons personally and directly engaged in the ongoing investigation by the petitioner under section 8723 (relating to grounds for access); and
(2) disclosure by the petitioner:
(i) in the case of the Attorney General or a district attorney, shall be limited to judicial or administrative proceedings;
(ii) in the case of the Crime Commission, shall be limited to official reports; and
(iii) in the case of a committee or subcommittee of either House of the General Assembly, shall be limited to regular meetings of the committee or subcommittee or debate on the floor.
(b) Contents of order.--
Commonwealth Court orders entered under section 8723 shall specifically limit the disclosure of confidential information as provided in subsection (a).
Cross References.
Section 8724 is referred to in section 8725 of this title.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 87 - General Provisions › Section 8725 - Penalties for improper disclosure

§ 8725. Penalties for improper disclosure.
(a) Criminal penalties.--
Any person who discloses any confidential information obtained under this subchapter other than as provided in section 8724 (relating to disclosure of confidential information) or otherwise authorized by law commits a felony of the third degree.
(b) Civil liability.--
Any person who discloses any confidential information obtained under this subchapter other than as provided in section 8724 or otherwise authorized by law shall be liable to any person damaged thereby in an action for invasion of privacy for the following:
(1) Treble the actual damages proved.
(2) Reasonable attorney fees.
(c) Good faith reliance on a court order.--
Good faith reliance on a court order entered under this subchapter shall be a complete defense to any criminal liability under subsection (a) or civil liability under subsection (b).
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 89 - Commencement of Proceedings › Extra - Chapter Notes

Enactment.
Chapter 89 was added July 9, 1976, P.L.586, No.142, effective 60 days from the date
            of final enactment of the act of April 28, 1978, P.L.202, No.53.
Enactment.
Subchapter D was added June 15, 1982, P.L.512, No.141, effective in 60 days.
Cross References.
Subchapter D is referred to in section 711 of Title 51 (Military and Veterans Affairs).
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 89 - Commencement of Proceedings › Section 8901 - Intrastate hot pursuit (Repealed)

§ 8901. Intrastate hot pursuit (Repealed).
1982 Repeal.
Section 8901 was repealed June 15, 1982, P.L.512, No.141, effective in 60 days.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 89 - Commencement of Proceedings › Section 8902 - Arrest without warrant

§ 8902. Arrest without warrant.
(a) General rule.--
For any of the following offenses, a police officer shall, upon view, have the right of arrest without warrant upon probable cause when there is ongoing conduct that imperils the personal security of any person or endangers public or private property:
(1) Under Title 18 (relating to crimes and offenses) when such offense constitutes a summary offense:
18 Pa.C.S. § 5503 (relating to disorderly conduct).
18 Pa.C.S. § 5505 (relating to public drunkenness).
18 Pa.C.S. § 5507 (relating to obstructing highways and other public passages).
18 Pa.C.S. § 6308 (relating to purchase, consumption, possession or transportation of liquor or malt or brewed beverages).
(2) Violation of an ordinance of a city of the second class.
(b) Guidelines by governmental body.--
The right of arrest without warrant under this section shall be permitted only after the governmental body employing the police officer promulgates guidelines to be followed by a police officer when making a warrantless arrest under this section.
(Nov. 17, 1995, 1st Sp.Sess., P.L.1090, No.25, eff. 60 days)
1995 Amendment.
Act 25, 1st Sp.Sess., added section 8902.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 89 - Commencement of Proceedings › Section 8921 - Scope of subchapter

§ 8921. Scope of subchapter.
(a) General rule.--
This subchapter shall apply only to peace officers of any state or political subdivision thereof which by its laws has made similar provision for the arrest and custody of persons closely pursued within the territory thereof.
(b) Transmission of subchapter.--
The Department of State shall certify and deliver a copy of this subchapter to the executive authority of each state.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 89 - Commencement of Proceedings › Section 8922 - Authority of officers of another state to arrest in this Commonwealth

§ 8922. Authority of officers of another state to arrest in this Commonwealth.
Any peace officer of another state who enters this Commonwealth in close pursuit of a person, and continues within this Commonwealth in such close pursuit, in order to arrest him, shall have the same authority to arrest and hold in custody such person on the ground that he has committed a crime in such state which is an indictable offense in this Commonwealth as peace officers of this Commonwealth have to arrest and hold in custody a person on the ground that he has committed a crime in this Commonwealth.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 89 - Commencement of Proceedings › Section 8923 - Hearing after arrest

§ 8923. Hearing after arrest.
If an arrest is made in this Commonwealth by an officer of another state, in accordance with the provisions of this subchapter, he shall, without unnecessary delay, take the person arrested before an issuing authority, who shall conduct a hearing for the sole purpose of determining if the arrest was in accordance with the provisions of this subchapter and not of determining the guilt or innocence of the arrested person. If such issuing authority determines that the arrest was in accordance with this subchapter, he shall commit the person arrested to the custody of the officer making the arrest, who shall without unnecessary delay take him to the state from which he fled. If such issuing authority determines that the arrest was unlawful, he shall discharge the person arrested.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 89 - Commencement of Proceedings › Section 8932 - Nolle prosequi or settlement

§ 8932. Nolle prosequi or settlement.
After the commencement of a criminal matter by the filing of an information or otherwise, the district attorney shall not enter a nolle prosequi or dispose of the matter or discharge a prisoner from custody by means of a proceeding in lieu of a plea or trial without having obtained the approval of the court.
(Apr. 28, 1978, P.L.202, No.53, eff. 60 days)
1978 Amendment.
Act 53 added section 8932.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 89 - Commencement of Proceedings › Section 8933 - Dismissal of criminal cases

§ 8933. Dismissal of criminal cases.
(a) General rule.--
In a felony case where no attorney appears on behalf of the Commonwealth at a preliminary hearing or where the victim fails to appear, the issuing authority shall not discharge the defendant for this reason until the issuing authority makes a reasonable attempt to locate the attorney or victim and provides him an opportunity to appear.
(b) Definition.--
As used in this section, the term "reasonable attempt" means requiring court personnel to attempt to locate the attorney or victim within the courthouse, office or place of residence.
(Apr. 13, 1988, P.L.336, No.47, eff. imd.)
1988 Amendment.
Act 47 added section 8933.
2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 89 - Commencement of Proceedings › Section 8934 - Sealing of affidavits

§ 8934. Sealing of affidavits.
Upon a sufficient showing by the attorney for the Commonwealth at an ex parte hearing before a common pleas court judge, the court shall order the district attorney to seal the affidavit or affidavits setting forth probable cause for the issuance of a search warrant until the date of common pleas court arraignment, unless the period is extended by the court for good cause shown. If the case is to be tried in the Philadelphia Municipal Court, the affidavit or affidavits shall be sealed until the time of discovery, unless the period is extended for good cause shown.
(Nov. 21, 1990, P.L.558, No.138, eff. 60 days)
1990 Amendment.
Act 138 added section 8934.
Suspension by Court Rule.
Section 8934 was suspended by Pennsylvania Rule of Juvenile Court Procedure No. 800(1), amended December 30, 2005, insofar as it is inconsistent with Pennsylvania Rules of Criminal Procedure 205, 206 and 211 relating to contents of search warrant, contents of application for search warrant and sealing search warrant affidavits.
Section 8934 was suspended by Pennsylvania Rule of Criminal Procedure No. 1101(7), adopted March 1, 2000, insofar as it is inconsistent with Rules 205, 206 and 211 relating to contents of search warrant, contents of application for search warrant and sealing search warrant affidavits.