2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 42 - JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE › Chapter 31 - Selection and Retention of Judicial Officers › Section 3131 - Selection of judicial officers for regular terms

§ 3131. Selection of judicial officers for regular terms.
(a) Judges and magisterial district judges generally.--
Except as provided in subsection (d) judges and magisterial district judges shall be elected for a regular term of office at the municipal election next preceding the commencement of their respective regular terms of office by the electors of this Commonwealth or the respective districts in which they are to serve. A candidate for judge or magisterial district judge shall not be placed upon a ballot in any primary or municipal election unless that person will meet the qualifications set forth in section 3101 (relating to qualifications of judicial officers generally) as of the beginning of the term of office for which the candidate runs.
(b) Retention election after transfer or appointment.--
Any of the following may file a declaration for candidacy for retention election with the Secretary of the Commonwealth on or before the first Monday of January of the year preceding the year in which his term of office expires:
(1) a person elected to the Philadelphia Municipal Court pursuant to this section, or corresponding provisions of prior law, who becomes a judge of the Community Court of Philadelphia County pursuant to section 3321(b)(1) (relating to establishment of community courts);
(2) a person elected to the Community Court of Philadelphia County pursuant to this section who becomes a judge of the Philadelphia Municipal Court pursuant to section 3322(b) (relating to discontinuance of community courts); or
(3) a person appointed to the Commonwealth Court who:
(i) shall have held office as an elected judge of a court of common pleas and shall not have been defeated for reelection or retention election;
(ii) shall hold an appointive term on the Commonwealth Court which when added to his other service as a judge of a court of common pleas and/or the Philadelphia Municipal Court (whether or not continuously or on the same court and whether by election or appointment) shall aggregate at least ten years as of the date of expiration of such appointive term on the Commonwealth Court; and
(iii) shall have been appointed to the Commonwealth Court pursuant to any executive order then in effect relating to the selection and screening of qualified nominees for appointment to the court.
If no declaration is filed, a vacancy shall exist upon the expiration of the term of office of such judge, to be filled by election under subsection (c). If a judge files a declaration, his name shall be submitted to the electors without party designation, as a separate judicial question or in a separate column or line on voting machines, at the municipal election immediately preceding the expiration of the term of office of the judge, to determine only the question whether he shall be retained in office. If a majority is against retention, a vacancy shall exist upon the expiration of his term of office, to be filled by appointment under section 3132(a) (relating to vacancies in office). If a majority favors retention, the judge shall serve for a regular term of office provided for in section 3152 (relating to tenure of judicial officers), unless sooner removed or retired. At the expiration of such regular term such judge shall be eligible for retention as provided in section 3153 (relating to retention elections after regular term), subject only to the retirement provisions of this part. Section 3133 (relating to Commonwealth Court judges) shall not be applicable to an election conducted pursuant to this subsection.
(c) Other elections.--
Except as provided in subsection (b) judges and magisterial district judges shall be elected as provided in the act of June 3, 1937 (P.L.1333, No.320), known as the "Pennsylvania Election Code."
(d) Pittsburgh Magistrates Court.--
The judges of the Pittsburgh Magistrates Court shall be appointed by the Mayor of the City of Pittsburgh with the advice and consent of the Council of the City of Pittsburgh. All of such judges shall not be of the same political party.
(e) Appointive judicial officers.--
Subject to any inconsistent general rules or other inconsistent provisions of law, appointive judicial officers shall be appointed and their duties shall be fixed by the court in which they are to serve.
(Apr. 28, 1978, P.L.202, No.53, eff. 60 days; Oct. 5, 1978, P.L.1098, No.257, eff. imd.; Oct. 5, 1980, P.L.693, No.142, eff. 60 days; May 27, 1994, P.L.250, No.37, eff. imd.; Nov. 30, 2004, P.L.1618, No.207, eff. 60 days)
2004 Amendment.
Act 207 amended subsecs. (a) and (c). See section 29 of Act 207 in the appendix to this title for special provisions relating to construction of law.
1980 Amendment.
Act 142 amended subsec. (b).
Cross References.
Section 3131 is referred to in sections 3132, 3133, 3153 of this title.