reglab/statecodes huggingface dataset:
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.13 | Marking and Equipment for Motor Vehicle Used by Traffic Enforcement Officers.

Effective:
October 25, 1979
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 141 - 113th General Assembly
Any motor vehicle used by a member of the state highway patrol or by any other peace officer, while said officer is on duty for the exclusive or main purpose of enforcing the motor vehicle or traffic laws of this state, provided the offense is punishable as a misdemeanor, shall be marked in some distinctive manner or color and shall be equipped with, but need not necessarily have in operation at all times, at least one flashing, oscillating, or rotating colored light mounted outside on top of the vehicle. The superintendent of the state highway patrol shall specify what constitutes such a distinctive marking or color for the state highway patrol.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.14 | Incompetency of Officer as Witness.

Effective:
October 1, 1953
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly
Any officer arresting, or participating or assisting in the arrest of, a person charged with violating the motor vehicle or traffic laws of this state, provided the offense is punishable as a misdemeanor, such officer being on duty exclusively or for the main purpose of enforcing such laws, is incompetent to testify as a witness in any prosecution against such arrested person if such officer at the time of the arrest was using a motor vehicle not marked in accordance with section 4549.13 of the Revised Code.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.15 | Distinctive Uniform for Traffic Officers.

Effective:
October 25, 1979
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 141 - 113th General Assembly
Every member of the state highway patrol and every other peace officer, while such officer is on duty for the exclusive or main purpose of enforcing motor vehicle or traffic laws of this state, provided the offense is punishable as a misdemeanor, shall wear a distinctive uniform. The superintendent of the patrol shall specify what constitutes such a distinctive uniform for the state highway patrol.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.16 | Arresting Officer as Witness.

Effective:
October 1, 1953
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly
Any officer arresting, or participating or assisting in the arrest of, a person charged with violating the motor vehicle or traffic laws of this state, provided the offense is punishable as a misdemeanor, such officer being on duty exclusively or for the main purpose of enforcing such laws is incompetent to testify as a witness in any prosecution against such arrested person if such officer at the time of the arrest was not wearing a distinctive uniform in accordance with section 4549.15 of the Revised Code.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.17 | Restriction on Issuing Traffic Citations Where Only Small Portion of Freeway Located in Jurisdiction.

Effective:
September 29, 2011
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 153 - 129th General Assembly
(A) No law enforcement officer employed by a law enforcement agency of a municipal corporation, township, or joint police district shall issue any citation, summons, or ticket for a violation of section 4511.21 of the Revised Code or a substantially similar municipal ordinance or for a violation of section 5577.04 of the Revised Code or a substantially similar municipal ordinance, if all of the following apply:
(1) The citation, summons, or ticket would be issued for a violation described in division (A) of this section that occurs on a freeway that is part of the interstate system;
(2) The municipal corporation, township, or joint police district that employs the law enforcement officer has less than eight hundred eighty yards of the freeway that is part of the interstate system within its jurisdiction;
(3) The law enforcement officer must travel outside the boundaries of the municipal corporation, township, or joint police district that employs the officer in order to enter onto the freeway;
(4) The law enforcement officer travels onto the freeway for the primary purpose of issuing citations, summonses, or tickets for violations of section 4511.21 of the Revised Code or a substantially similar municipal ordinance or for violations of section 5577.04 of the Revised Code or a substantially similar municipal ordinance.
(B) As used in this section, "interstate system" has the same meaning as in section 5516.01 of the Revised Code.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.18 | Certificate of Registration of Commercial Vehicles.

Effective:
January 1, 2004
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 123 - 124th General Assembly
(A) The operator of a "commercial car," as defined in section 4501.01 of the Revised Code, when the commercial car is required to be registered under the Revised Code, shall, when operating the commercial car, trailer, or semitrailer on the streets, roads, or highways of this state, display inside or on the vehicle the certificate of registration for the commercial car, trailer, or semitrailer provided for in section 4503.19 of the Revised Code, or shall carry the certificate on the operator's person and display it upon the demand of any state highway patrol trooper or other peace officer.
Every person operating a commercial car, trailer, or semitrailer required to be registered under the Revised Code shall permit the inspection of the certificate of registration upon demand of the superintendent or any member of the state highway patrol or other peace officer of this state.
(B) Whoever violates division (A) of this section is guilty of a commercial car certificate of registration violation, a minor misdemeanor.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.19 | Enforcement of Proceedings Against Violators.

Effective:
October 1, 1953
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 1 - 100th General Assembly
Proceedings to enforce section 4549.18 of the Revised Code shall be brought in any court of record situated in the county in which the violation occurred, and all municipal courts shall have county-wide jurisdiction over such violations. Such actions shall be governed by section 4507.15 of the Revised Code. Commercial cars which are registered under the laws of another state, the owners of which are not residents of this state and which are operated in compliance with the laws of the state of their owner's residence, are not subject to this section and section 4549.18 of the Revised Code.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.31 | Venue.

Effective:
March 28, 1985
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 632 - 115th General Assembly
(A) Any person who as a part of a continuing course of criminal conduct commits auto theft offenses in more than one county may be indicted and tried for all such offenses in any county where one such offense was committed. It is prima-facie evidence of a continuing course of criminal conduct if an offender commits two or more auto theft offenses within a period of six months.
(B) As used in this section, "auto theft offense" means any of the following:
(1) A violation of section 4505.19, 4549.05, 4549.08, or 4549.62 of the Revised Code;
(2) A violation of a law of another state or the United States substantially equivalent to any offense listed in division (B)(1) of this section;
(3) A violation of a law of this or any other state, or of the United States, of which an element is forging or altering a motor vehicle title or registration, or obtaining a motor vehicle or motor vehicle parts or accessories by theft or fraud, or wrongful conversion of a motor vehicle, or taking, operating, or keeping a motor vehicle without the consent of the owner, or receiving or disposing of a motor vehicle or motor vehicle parts or accessories knowing the same to have been unlawfully obtained.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.41 | Odometer Rollback and Disclosure Act Definitions.

Effective:
July 23, 2002
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 345 - 124th General Assembly
As used in sections 4549.41 to 4549.51 of the Revised Code:
(A) "Person" includes an individual, corporation, government, governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, association, or cooperative or any other legal entity, whether acting individually or by their agents, officers, employees, or representatives.
(B) "Motor vehicle" means any vehicle driven or drawn by mechanical power for use on the public streets, roads, or highways.
(C) "Odometer" means an instrument for measuring and recording the total distance that a motor vehicle travels while in operation, including any cable, line, or other part necessary to make the instrument function properly. Odometer does not include any auxiliary odometer designed to be reset by the operator of a motor vehicle for the purpose of recording mileage on trips.
(D) "Transfer" means to change ownership of a motor vehicle by purchase, by gift, or, except as otherwise provided in this division, by any other means. A "transfer" does not include a change of ownership as a result of a bequest, under the laws of intestate succession, as a result of a surviving spouse's actions pursuant to section 2106.18 or 4505.10 of the Revised Code, as a result of the operation of section 2131.12 or 2131.13 of the Revised Code, or in connection with the creation of a security interest.
(E) "Transferor" means the person involved in a transfer, who transfers ownership of a motor vehicle.
(F) "Transferee" means the person involved in a transfer, to whom the ownership of a motor vehicle is transferred.
(G) "Service" means to repair or replace an odometer that is not properly functioning.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.42 | Tampering With or Disconnection of Odometers.

Effective:
January 1, 2004
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 123 - 124th General Assembly
(A) No person shall adjust, alter, change, tamper with, advance, set back, disconnect, or fail to connect, an odometer of a motor vehicle, or cause any of the foregoing to occur to an odometer of a motor vehicle with the intent to alter the number of miles registered on the odometer.
(B) Division (A) of this section does not apply to the disconnection of an odometer used for registering the mileage of any new motor vehicle being tested by the manufacturer prior to delivery to a franchise dealer.
(C) Nothing in this section prevents the service of an odometer, provided that after the service a completed form, captioned "notice of odometer repair," shall be attached to the left door frame of the motor vehicle by the person performing the repairs. The notice shall contain, in bold-face type, the following information and statements:
"Notice of Odometer Repair
The odometer of this motor vehicle was repaired or replaced on _________________ (date of service).
The mileage registered on the odometer of this motor vehicle before repair was ___________ (mileage).
The mileage registered on the odometer of this motor vehicle after repair is ___________ (mileage).
_______________________
(Repairer's signature)"
(D) No person shall intentionally remove or alter the notice required by division (C) of this section.
(E) If after the service of an odometer, the odometer can be set at the same mileage as before the service, the odometer shall be adjusted to reflect that mileage registered on the odometer of the motor vehicle before the service. If the odometer cannot be set at the same mileage as before the service, the odometer of the motor vehicle shall be adjusted to read "zero."
(F) Except as otherwise provided in this division, whoever violates this section is guilty of tampering with an odometer, a felony of the fifth degree. If the offender previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to a violation of this section or of any provision of sections 4549.43 to 4549.46 of the Revised Code, tampering with an odometer is a felony of the fourth degree.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.43 | Sale or Use of Fraudulent Odometer.

Effective:
January 1, 2004
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 123 - 124th General Assembly
(A) No person, with intent to defraud, shall advertise for sale, sell, use, or install on any part of any motor vehicle or an odometer in any motor vehicle any device that causes the odometer to register any mileage other than the actual mileage driven by the motor vehicle. For the purpose of this section, the actual mileage driven is that mileage driven by the motor vehicle as registered by an odometer within the manufacturer's designed tolerance.
(B) Except as otherwise provided in this division, whoever violates this section is guilty of selling or installing an odometer tampering device, a felony of the fourth degree. If the offender previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to a violation of this section, section 4549.42, or any provision of sections 4549.44 to 4549.46 of the Revised Code, selling or installing an odometer tampering device is a felony of the third degree.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.44 | Operating With Disconnected or Nonfunctional Odometer.

Effective:
January 1, 2004
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 123 - 124th General Assembly
(A) No person, with intent to defraud, shall operate a motor vehicle on any public street, road, or highway of this state knowing that the odometer of the vehicle is disconnected or nonfunctional.
A person's intent to defraud under this section may be inferred from evidence of the circumstances of the vehicle's operation, including facts pertaining to the length of time or number of miles of operation with a nonfunctioning or disconnected odometer, and the fact that the person subsequently transferred the vehicle without disclosing the inoperative odometer to the transferee in violation of section 4549.45 of the Revised Code.
(B) Except as otherwise provided in this division, whoever violates this section is guilty of fraudulent driving without a functional odometer, a felony of the fourth degree. If the offender previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to a violation of this section, section 4549.42 or 4549.43, or any provision of sections 4549.45 to 4549.46 of the Revised Code, fraudulent driving without a functional odometer is a felony of the third degree.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.45 | Written Notice of Tampering or Nonfunction.

Effective:
January 1, 2004
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 123 - 124th General Assembly
(A) No person shall transfer a motor vehicle if the person knows or recklessly disregards facts indicating that the odometer of the motor vehicle has been changed, tampered with, or disconnected, or has been in any other manner nonfunctional, to reflect a lesser mileage or use, unless that person gives clear and unequivocal notice of the tampering or nonfunction or of the person's reasonable belief of tampering or nonfunction, to the transferee in writing prior to the transfer. In a prosecution for violation of this section, evidence that a transferor or the transferor's agent has changed, tampered with, disconnected, or failed to connect the odometer of the motor vehicle constitutes prima-facie evidence of knowledge of the odometer's altered condition.
(B) Except as otherwise provided in this division, whoever violates this section is guilty of transferring a motor vehicle that has a tampered or nonfunctional odometer, a felony of the fourth degree. If the offender previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to a violation of this section, any provision of sections 4549.42 to 4549.44, or any provision of section 4549.451 or 4549.46 of the Revised Code, transferring a motor vehicle that has a tampered or nonfunctional odometer is a felony of the third degree.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.451 | Auctioneer's Statement of Disconnected or Nonfunctional Odometer.

Effective:
January 1, 2004
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 123 - 124th General Assembly
(A) No auctioneer licensed under Chapter 4707. of the Revised Code shall advertise for sale by means of any written advertisement, brochure, flyer, or other writing, any motor vehicle the auctioneer knows or has reason to believe has an odometer that has been changed, tampered with, or disconnected, or in any other manner has been nonfunctional, unless the listing or description of the vehicle contained in the written advertisement, brochure, flyer, or other writing contains one of the two following statements:
(1) "This motor vehicle has an odometer that has been changed, tampered with, or disconnected, or otherwise has been nonfunctional."
(2) "Nonactual odometer reading: warning - odometer discrepancy."
(B) The statement selected by the auctioneer shall be printed in type identical in size to the other type used in the listing or description, and shall be located within the listing or description and not located as a footnote to the listing or description.
(C) Except as otherwise provided in this division, whoever violates this section is guilty of a felony of the fourth degree. If the offender previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to a violation of this section, any provision of section 4549.42 to 4549.45, or section 4549.46 of the Revised Code, whoever violates this section is guilty of a felony of the third degree.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.46 | Written Odometer Disclosure Statement.

Effective:
January 1, 2004
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 123 - 124th General Assembly
(A) No transferor shall fail to provide the true and complete odometer disclosures required by section 4505.06 of the Revised Code. The transferor of a motor vehicle is not in violation of this division requiring a true odometer reading if the odometer reading is incorrect due to a previous owner's violation of any of the provisions contained in sections 4549.42 to 4549.46 of the Revised Code, unless the transferor knows of or recklessly disregards facts indicating the violation.
(B) No dealer or wholesaler who acquires ownership of a motor vehicle shall accept any written odometer disclosure statement unless the statement is completed as required by section 4505.06 of the Revised Code.
(C) A motor vehicle leasing dealer may obtain a written odometer disclosure statement completed as required by section 4505.06 of the Revised Code from a motor vehicle lessee that can be used as prima-facie evidence in any legal action arising under sections 4549.41 to 4549.46 of the Revised Code.
(D) Except as otherwise provided in this division, whoever violates division (A) or (B) of this section is guilty of an odometer disclosure violation, a felony of the fourth degree. If the offender previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to a violation of this section or any provision of sections 4549.42 to 4549.451 of the Revised Code, a violation of this section is a felony of the third degree.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.48 | Injunctions.

Effective:
March 19, 1987
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 382 - 116th General Assembly
(A) Whenever it appears that a person has violated, is violating, or is about to violate any provision of sections 4549.41 to 4549.46 of the Revised Code, the attorney general may bring an action in the court of common pleas to enjoin the violation. Upon a showing of a violation of sections 4549.41 to 4549.46 of the Revised Code, a temporary restraining order, preliminary injunction, or permanent injunction shall be granted without bond. The court may impose a penalty of not more than five thousand dollars for each day of violation of a temporary restraining order, preliminary injunction, or permanent injunction issued under this section. The court may issue an order requiring the reimbursement of a consumer for any loss that results from a violation of sections 4549.41 to 4549.46 of the Revised Code, for the recovery of any amounts for which a violator is liable pursuant to division (A) of section 4549.49 of the Revised Code, for the appointment of a referee or receiver, for the sequestration of assets, for the rescission of transfers of motor vehicles, or granting any other appropriate relief. The court may award the attorney general all costs together with all expenses of his investigation and reasonable attorneys' fees incurred in the prosecution of the action, which shall be deposited in the consumer protection enforcement fund created by section 1345.51 of the Revised Code.
(B) In addition to the remedies otherwise provided by this section, the attorney general may request and the court shall impose a civil penalty of not less than one thousand nor more than two thousand dollars for each violation. A violation of any provision of sections 4549.41 to 4549.46 of the Revised Code shall, for purposes of this section, constitute a separate violation with respect to each motor vehicle or unlawful device involved, except that the maximum civil penalty shall not exceed one hundred thousand dollars for any related series of violations by a person. Civil penalties ordered pursuant to this division shall be paid as follows: one-fourth of the amount to the treasurer of the county in which the action is brought; three-fourths to the consumer protection enforcement fund created by section 1345.51 of the Revised Code.
(C) The remedies prescribed by this section are cumulative and concurrent with any other remedy, and the existence or exercise of one remedy does not prevent the exercise of any other remedy.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.49 | Liability to Transferee Subsequent to Violation.

Effective:
September 6, 1977
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 78 - 112th General Assembly
(A) Any person who violates any requirement imposed by sections 4549.41 to 4549.46 of the Revised Code is liable to any transferee of the motor vehicle subsequent to the violation, in an amount equal to:
(1) Three times the amount of actual damages sustained or fifteen hundred dollars, whichever is greater; and
(2) In the case of any successful action to enforce the foregoing liability, the costs of the action together with reasonable attorneys' fees as determined by the court.
(B) An action to enforce any liability created under sections 4549.41 to 4549.46 of the Revised Code may be brought in a court of common pleas without regard to the amount in controversy, or in any other court of competent jurisdiction, within two years from the date on which the liability arises. For the purpose of this section, liability arises when the transferee discovers, or with due diligence should have discovered, the violation.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.50 | Revocation or Denial of License or Permit as Motor Vehicle Dealer.

Effective:
March 19, 1987
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 382 - 116th General Assembly
Violation of sections 4549.41 to 4549.46 of the Revised Code by any person licensed or granted a permit by this state as a dealer, wholesaler, distributor, salesman, or auction owner under Chapter 4517. of the Revised Code, is prima-facie evidence of intent to defraud and constitutes cause for the revocation or denial of the license of such person to sell any motor vehicle in this state.
Any person who violates sections 4549.41 to 4549.46 of the Revised Code, upon receiving notice from the registrar of motor vehicles or motor vehicle dealers board of the intent to revoke or suspend a license or permit, shall immediately post a surety bond with the registrar in favor of the state in the amount of twenty-five thousand dollars and shall maintain the bond while the license or permit is in effect. The bond shall be for the use, benefit, and protection of any transferee damaged by the licensee's or permitee's violation of sections 4549.41 to 4549.46 of the Revised Code or for the payment of civil penalties or costs resulting from enforcement actions. Any transferee claiming against the bond or the attorney general may maintain an action against the transferor or the surety, except that the surety is liable only for actual damages. The aggregate liability of the surety shall not exceed twenty-five thousand dollars. Any money unclaimed by transferees after two years from the date of the conviction of or judgment against the transferor shall be deposited in the consumer protection enforcement fund created by section 1345.51 of the Revised Code. The surety bond shall remain in effect until the license or permit is revoked or suspended by the motor vehicle dealers board pursuant to section 4517.33 of the Revised Code. Upon reinstatement of a license or permit that has been suspended, or upon reissuance of a license or permit after the period of revocation, the licensee or permitee shall post an additional surety bond in accordance with this section. The surety bond shall remain in effect during the period in which the licensee or permitee engages in business in the state.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.51 | Remedies.

Effective:
September 6, 1977
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 78 - 112th General Assembly
The remedies under sections 4549.41 to 4549.51 of the Revised Code are in addition to remedies otherwise available for the same conduct under federal, state, or local law.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.52 | Criminal Action to Enforce Odometer Violations.

Effective:
January 1, 2004
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 123 - 124th General Assembly
The prosecuting attorney of the county in which a violation of any provision of sections 4549.41 to 4549.51 of the Revised Code occurs, or the attorney general, may bring a criminal action to enforce the provisions of sections 4549.41 to 4549.51 of the Revised Code. The attorney general and the prosecuting attorney of the county in which a person licensed or granted a permit under Chapter 4517. of the Revised Code is convicted of or pleads guilty to a violation of any provision of sections 4549.41 to 4549.46 of the Revised Code shall report the conviction or guilty plea to the registrar of motor vehicles within five business days of the conviction or plea.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.61 | Tampering With Identifying Numbers Definitions.

Effective:
March 28, 1985
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 632 - 115th General Assembly
As used in sections 4549.61 to 4549.63 of the Revised Code, "vehicle identification number or derivative thereof" means any number or derivative of such a number that is embossed, engraved, etched, or otherwise marked on any vehicle or vehicle part by the manufacturer. "Vehicle identification number" also includes a duplicate vehicle identification number replaced upon a vehicle under the authority of the registrar of motor vehicles.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.63 | Seizing Vehicle Part.

Effective:
July 1, 2007
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 241 - 126th General Assembly
(A) A law enforcement officer may seize and take possession of a vehicle or vehicle part if the officer has probable cause to believe that any vehicle identification number or derivative thereof on the vehicle or part has been removed, defaced, covered, altered, or destroyed in such a manner that the identity of the vehicle or part cannot be determined by visual examination of the number at the site where the manufacturer placed the number. The seizure shall be pursuant to a warrant, unless the circumstances are within one of the exceptions to the warrant requirement that have been established by the supreme court of the United States or of the supreme court of this state.
(B) A vehicle or vehicle part seized under division (A) of this section shall be held in custody pursuant to section 2981.11 of the Revised Code or any applicable municipal ordinance.
(C) A law enforcement officer who acts in good faith in the belief that the seizure of a vehicle or vehicle part is justified under division (A) of this section is immune from any civil or criminal liability for such seizure.
(D) The lawful owner of a vehicle or vehicle part seized under this section that is not needed as evidence and is not subject to forfeiture under division (D)(2) of section 4549.62 of the Revised Code may reclaim the property by submitting satisfactory proof of ownership to the law enforcement agency or court holding the property.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4549 | Motor Vehicle Crimes › Section 4549.65 | Immunity.

Effective:
January 15, 2020
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 166 - 133rd General Assembly
(A) As used in this section:
(1) "Motor vehicle leasing dealer" has the meaning set forth in division (M) of section 4517.01 of the Revised Code.
(2) "Motor vehicle renting dealer" means any person engaged in the business of regularly making available, offering to make available, or arranging for another person to use a motor vehicle pursuant to a bailment, rental agreement, or other contractual arrangement for a period of less than thirty days under which a charge is made for its use at a periodic rate and the title to the motor vehicle is in a person other than the user, but does not mean a manufacturer or its affiliate renting to its employees or to dealers.
(B) A motor vehicle leasing dealer or a motor vehicle renting dealer and its officers, employees, agents, and representatives are not liable to a lessee or renter for damages or injuries sustained as a result of the lessee's or renter's being stopped, detained, arrested, or charged in connection with a theft offense involving the leased or rented motor vehicle if such dealer, its officers, employees, agents, or representatives act in good faith upon a reasonable belief that the motor vehicle was or is being converted or stolen or if both of the following apply:
(1) The lessee or renter did not return the motor vehicle at the time and place specified in the lease or rental contract;
(2) The lessee or renter failed to return the motor vehicle within twenty-four hours after the dealer, or an officer, employee, agent, or representative of the dealer has served a written notice upon the lessee or renter, requesting the return of the motor vehicle, at the lessee's or renter's address set forth in the lease or rental contract. Service may be by certified mail, return receipt requested, or by personal or residence service.
(C)(1) Any agreement, when the transaction is for purposes that are primarily personal, family, or household, between a motor vehicle leasing dealer and the lessee or a motor vehicle renting dealer and renter is a consumer transaction for purposes of sections 1345.01 to 1345.13 of the Revised Code. The dealer is the supplier and the lessee or renter is the consumer for purposes of those sections.
(2) A dealer is not liable for a violation under sections 1345.01 to 1345.13 of the Revised Code when the alleged violation is the result of false, misleading, or inaccurate information provided to the dealer by the lessee or renter and the dealer relied on that information in good faith.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4551 | Transportation of Christmas Trees › Section 4551.01 | Requiring Bill of Sale or Invoice.

Effective:
August 23, 1965
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 301 - 106th General Assembly
Except in trucks and trailers licensed for and engaged in interstate commerce, any person who operates a truck, trailer, or other vehicle upon any public highway, road, or street in this state for the purpose of transporting five or more cut trees, or one hundred pounds or more of boughs, of any species of pine, spruce, fir, hemlock, or other narrow-leafed or broad-leafed evergreen tree or shrub, shall have upon his person during such transporting a bill of sale or invoice for such trees or boughs signed by the owner or custodian of the lands from which such trees or boughs were cut and removed.
Such bill of sale or invoice shall state:
(A) The date of sale;
(B) The number and species of trees, or pounds and species of boughs, being transported;
(C) The name of the township, county, and state where such lands are situated;
(D) The proper postal address of the landowner or custodian.
If such trees or boughs have been obtained from a dealer in such goods, the bill of sale or invoice need only show his name and the place of business from which the trees or boughs were obtained.
This section does not apply to the transportation of trees or boughs by or for the owner or custodian of lands from which such trees or boughs were cut or removed, or by or for an agent of either.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4551 | Transportation of Christmas Trees › Section 4551.02 | Requiring True Written Statement.

Effective:
February 21, 1967
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 1 - 107th General Assembly
Whenever any trees or boughs described in section 4551.01 of the Revised Code are being transported within this state by any person other than a person required by said section to have a bill of sale or invoice, a true written statement shall accompany such shipment, which written statement shall set forth:
(A) The location of the lands from which such trees or boughs were removed. Such statement of location shall include, but not be limited to, the township, county, and state in which said lands are located.
(B) The name, address, and telephone number of the owner of the lands from which such trees or boughs were removed;
(C) The name, address, and telephone number of the custodian of such lands if different from that of the owner. If the same, the statement shall so state.
(D) The name, address, and telephone number of the driver of the vehicle transporting such trees or boughs.
Such statement shall be signed by the owner or custodian of the lands from which such trees or boughs are removed or by the agent of either. The same written statement may be used for any number of shipments.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4551 | Transportation of Christmas Trees › Section 4551.03 | Demand for Proof of Ownership.

Effective:
August 8, 1991
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 144 - 119th General Assembly
Any forest or park officer, peace officer, or state highway patrol trooper of this state may stop any truck, trailer, or other vehicle engaged in the transporting of the evergreen trees or boughs described in section 4551.01 of the Revised Code, except trucks or trailers licensed for and engaged in interstate commerce, and require the operator to produce the bill, invoice, or statement of ownership required by sections 4551.01 and 4551.02 of the Revised Code as evidence of lawful ownership or custody of the cut trees or boughs. Failure to produce upon demand such bill of sale, invoice, or statement, or offering a bill of sale, invoice, or statement, that fails to provide the information required by such sections, is a violation of such sections; and such truck, trailer, or other vehicle together with its contents, shall be impounded by the investigating officer for a period of forty-eight hours, unless a satisfactory and genuine bill of sale, invoice, or statement is sooner presented.
Failure to furnish a satisfactory and genuine bill of sale, invoice, or statement within forty-eight hours from the time that such truck, trailer, or other vehicle is impounded constitutes prima-facie evidence that the trees or boughs so impounded are not the property of the person engaged in transporting them and that such person is unlawfully transporting such trees or boughs.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4551 | Transportation of Christmas Trees › Section 4551.04 | Prohibition.

Effective:
January 1, 2004
Latest Legislation:
Senate Bill 123 - 124th General Assembly
(A) No person shall transport trees or boughs described in section 4551.01 of the Revised Code in violation of sections 4551.01 to 4551.03 of the Revised Code.
(B) Whoever violates this section shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars, imprisoned not more than thirty days, or both.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4551 | Transportation of Christmas Trees › Section 4551.05 | Disposition of Impounded Trees.

Effective:
April 6, 2023
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 281 - 134th General Assembly
At the discretion of the court before whom the defendant is brought for a violation of sections 4551.01 to 4551.03, inclusive, of the Revised Code, the cut trees or boughs being transported at the time of the offense may immediately be disposed of at the highest obtainable price, and the money obtained from such sale shall be impounded by the court, pending determination of the ownership of such trees or boughs. If such owners are unknown and cannot be ascertained within thirty days after such sale, or if there is money remaining after the claims of known owners have been satisfied, all money thereafter remaining shall be paid to the local county welfare board for expenditures in aid to children with disabilities or who are indigent.
Last updated March 10, 2023 at 12:39 PM
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4561 | Aeronautics › Section 4561.01 | Aeronautics Definitions.

Effective:
July 1, 2013
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 51 - 130th General Assembly
As used in sections 4561.01 to 4561.25 of the Revised Code:
(A) "Aviation" means transportation by aircraft; operation of aircraft; the establishment, operation, maintenance, repair, and improvement of airports, landing fields, and other air navigation facilities; and all other activities connected therewith or incidental thereto.
(B) "Aircraft" means any contrivance used or designed for navigation or flight in the air, excepting a parachute or other contrivance for such navigation used primarily as safety equipment.
(C) "Airport" means any location either on land or water which is used for the landing and taking off of aircraft.
(D) "Landing field" means any location either on land or water of such size and nature as to permit the landing or taking off of aircraft with safety, and used for that purpose but not equipped to provide for the shelter, supply, or care of aircraft.
(E) "Air navigation facility" means any facility used, available for use, or designed for use in aid of navigation of aircraft, including airports, landing fields, facilities for the servicing of aircraft or for the comfort and accommodation of air travelers, and any structures, mechanisms, lights, beacons, marks, communicating systems, or other instrumentalities or devices used or useful as an aid to the safe taking off, navigation, and landing of aircraft, or to the safe and efficient operation or maintenance of an airport or landing field, and any combination of such facilities.
(F) "Air navigation hazard" means any structure, object of natural growth, or use of land, that obstructs the air space required for the flight of aircraft in landing or taking off at any airport or landing field, or that otherwise is hazardous to such landing or taking off.
(G) "Air navigation," "navigation of aircraft," or "navigate aircraft" means the operation of aircraft in the air space over this state.
(H) "Airperson" means any individual who, as the person in command, or as pilot, mechanic, or member of the crew, engages in the navigation of aircraft.
(I) "Airway" means a route in the air space over and above the lands or waters of this state, designated by the Ohio aviation board as a route suitable for the navigation of aircraft.
(J) "Person" means any individual, firm, partnership, corporation, company, association, joint stock association, or body politic, and includes any trustee, receiver, assignee, or other similar representative thereof.
(K) "Government agency" means a state agency, state institution of higher education, regional port authority, or any other political subdivision of the state, or the federal government or other states.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4561 | Aeronautics › Section 4561.021 | Office of Aviation.

Effective:
June 30, 1999
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 163 - 123rd General Assembly
There is hereby created in the division of multi-modal planning and programs of the department of transportation the office of aviation. The director of transportation shall appoint the administrator of the office of aviation, who shall serve at the pleasure of the director. The administrator of the office of aviation shall be responsible to the director for the organization, direction, and supervision of the work of the office and the exercise of the powers and the performance of the duties assigned to the office. Subject to Chapter 124. of the Revised Code and civil service regulations, the administrator, with the approval of the director, shall select and appoint the necessary employees. The director also may employ experts for assistance in any specific matter at a reasonable rate of compensation.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4561 | Aeronautics › Section 4561.05 | Department of Transportation to Administer Chapter - Rules.

Effective:
June 29, 2001
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 73 - 124th General Assembly
The department of transportation shall administer Chapter 4561. of the Revised Code. The department may adopt and promulgate such rules as it determines necessary to carry out this chapter.
The department may issue and amend orders, and make, promulgate, and amend, reasonable general and special rules and procedure, and establish minimum standards.
The department may establish safety rules governing air navigation hazards, and the location, size, use, and equipment of airports and landing areas, and rules governing air marking, the use of signs or lights designed to be visible from the air, and other air navigation facilities.
All rules and amendments thereto, prescribed by the department, shall conform to and coincide with, so far as possible, the "Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938," 52 Stat. 973, 49 U.S.C. 401, as amended, passed by the congress of the United States, and the air commerce regulations issued pursuant thereto.
All acts of the department authorized under this section shall be carried on in conformity with Chapter 119. of the Revised Code.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4561 | Aeronautics › Section 4561.07 | Cooperation With Other Agencies.

Effective:
July 1, 2013
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 51 - 130th General Assembly
The department of transportation may cooperate with any government agency and others, including private persons, engaged in aviation, aviation education or research, or the promotion of aviation, and shall seek to promote the aeronautic activities of these bodies.
The department may confer with or hold joint meetings and hearings with any government agency in connection with any matter arising under this chapter, or relating to the sound development of aviation, and the department may avail itself of the cooperation, services, records, and facilities of any government agency, as fully as is practicable, in the administration and enforcement of such sections. It shall reciprocate by furnishing to any such regional airport authority or agency its cooperation, services, records, and facilities, as fully as is practicable and in the best interests of the public.
If the federal government, any agency of the federal government, any regional airport authority or political subdivision of this state, or any government agency, requires a state agency to receive and disburse any airport assistance or development and maintenance funds, the department may act as that state agency in all such matters pertaining to aviation.
2023 Ohio Revised Code › Title 45 | Motor Vehicles-Aeronautics-Watercraft › Chapter 4561 | Aeronautics › Section 4561.08 | Cooperation Regarding Airports, Landing Fields, and Other Air Navigation Facilities - Acceptance of Federal Funds.

Effective:
July 1, 2013
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 51 - 130th General Assembly
The department of transportation may cooperate with any government agency, in the acquisition, establishment, construction, enlargement, improvement, equipment, or operation of airports, landing fields, and other air navigation facilities in this state, and may comply with the laws of the United States and any regulations made thereunder with respect to the expenditure of federal funds for or in connection with such airports, landing fields, and other air navigation facilities.
The department may accept, receive, and receipt for federal funds, upon such terms as are prescribed by the laws of the United States and any regulations made thereunder, on behalf of the state, and may treat similarly, for the state or as agent for any regional airport authority, county, or municipal corporation thereof, other funds, public or private, for the acquisition, establishment, construction, enlargement, improvement, equipment, or operation of airports, landing fields, and other air navigation facilities, whether such work is to be done severally by the state or by a political subdivision thereof or by a regional airport authority, or by the state and a regional airport authority or one or more such political subdivisions jointly, or by any two or more such political subdivisions jointly, or by a regional airport authority and any one or more such political subdivisions jointly. The department may also act as agent of any regional airport authority, county, or municipal corporation of the state in any other matter connected with the acquisition, establishment, construction, enlargement, improvement, equipment, or operation of airports, landing fields, and other air navigation facilities. In the discharge of its duties as such agent, the department may use all its powers in the same manner as when acting for and in behalf of the state.
The department may approve or disapprove all contracts and agreements for the acquisition, establishment, construction, enlargement, improvement, equipment, or operation of airports, landing fields, and other air navigation facilities insofar as its rules require.
The department may advise and cooperate with any regional airport authority or political subdivision of this state or of any other state, when it is acting jointly with a regional airport authority or subdivision of this state, in all matters pertaining to the location, acquisition, establishment, construction, enlargement, improvement, equipment, or operation of airports, landing fields, and other air navigation facilities.
All money accepted by the department pursuant to sections 4561.01 to 4561.151 of the Revised Code shall be deposited in the state treasury to the credit of the highway operating fund. All such moneys shall be expended in accordance with the terms imposed by the United States in making the grants thereof.