2023 Pennsylvania Consolidated & Unconsolidated Statutes › Title 15 - CORPORATIONS AND UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS › Chapter 3 - Entity Transactions › Section 321 - Approval by business corporation

§ 321. Approval by business corporation.
(a) Proposal of plan.--
Except where the approval of the board of directors is unnecessary pursuant to section 330 (relating to alternative means of approval of transactions), a plan shall be proposed in the case of a domestic business corporation by the adoption by the board of directors of a resolution approving the plan and, in the case of an offer referred to in subsection (f), recommending that the shareholders tender their shares to the offeror in response to the offer. Except where the approval of the shareholders is unnecessary under this chapter, the board of directors shall direct that the plan be submitted to a vote of the shareholders entitled to vote thereon at a regular or special meeting of the shareholders.
(b) Notice of meeting of shareholders.--
Notice in record form of the meeting of shareholders that will act on the proposed plan must be given to each shareholder of record, whether or not entitled to vote thereon, of each domestic business corporation that is a party to the transaction under the plan. There shall be included in or enclosed with the notice a copy of the proposed plan or a summary thereof and any notice required by section 329 (relating to special treatment of interest holders). If the holders of shares of any class or series of shares are entitled to assert dissenters rights, the notice must include or be accompanied by the text of the provision of this chapter granting dissenters rights and the text of Subchapter D of Chapter 15 (relating to dissenters rights). The notice must state that a copy of the organic rules of the surviving, acquired, converted, new or resulting association or domesticated entity as they will be in effect immediately following the transaction will be furnished to any shareholder of the corporation giving the notice on request and without cost.
(c) Shareholder vote required.--
Except as provided in section 1757 (relating to action by shareholders) or subsection (d) or (f), a plan shall be adopted by a domestic business corporation that is a party to the transaction under the plan upon receiving the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast by all shareholders entitled to vote on the plan and, if any class or series of shares is entitled to vote thereon as a class, the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes cast in each class vote. The holders of any class or series of shares of a domestic business corporation that is a party to a transaction under a plan that would effect any change in the articles of the corporation shall be entitled to vote as a class on the plan if they would have been entitled to a class vote under the provisions of section 1914 (relating to adoption of amendments) had the change been accomplished under Subchapter B of Chapter 19 (relating to amendment of articles). Except as provided in section 330, a proposed plan shall not be deemed to have been adopted by a domestic business corporation unless it has also been approved by the board of directors, regardless of the fact that the board has directed or suffered the submission of the plan to the shareholders for action.
(d) Adoption of plan of merger without shareholder vote.--
(1) Unless otherwise required by the organic rules, a plan of merger shall not require the approval of the shareholders of a domestic business corporation that is a merging association if:
(i) whether or not the corporation is the surviving association:
(A) the surviving association is a domestic business corporation and its articles are identical to the articles of the corporation for which shareholder approval is not required, except for changes that could be made without shareholder approval pursuant to section 1914(c);
(B) each share of the corporation outstanding immediately prior to the effectiveness of the merger is to continue as or be converted into, except as may be otherwise agreed by the holder thereof, an identical share of the surviving association; and
(C) the plan provides that the shareholders of the corporation are to hold in the aggregate shares of the surviving association to be outstanding immediately after the effectiveness of the merger entitled to cast at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast generally for the election of directors;
(ii) immediately prior to the adoption of the plan and at all times thereafter prior to the effectiveness of the merger, another association owns directly or indirectly 80% or more of the outstanding shares of each class of the corporation; or
(iii) no shares of the corporation have been issued prior to the adoption of the plan by the board of directors pursuant to subsection (a).
(2) If a merger is effected pursuant to paragraph (1)(i) or (iii), the plan shall be deemed adopted by the corporation when it has been adopted by the board of directors pursuant to subsection (a).
(3) If a merger of a subsidiary corporation is effected pursuant to paragraph (1)(ii), the plan shall be deemed adopted by the subsidiary corporation when it has been adopted by the governors of the parent association and neither approval of the plan by the board of directors of the subsidiary corporation nor signing of the statement of merger by the subsidiary corporation shall be necessary.
(4) Unless otherwise required by the organic rules, a plan of merger providing for the merger of a domestic business corporation (referred to in this paragraph as a "constituent corporation") with or into a single indirect wholly owned subsidiary (referred to in this paragraph as the "subsidiary corporation") of the constituent corporation shall not require the approval of the shareholders of either the constituent corporation or the subsidiary corporation if all of the following provisions are satisfied:
(i) A merger under this paragraph must satisfy the following conditions:
(A) The constituent corporation and the subsidiary corporation are the only parties to the merger, other than a surviving association that is a corporation created in the merger.
(B) Each share or fraction of a share of the capital stock of the constituent corporation outstanding immediately prior to the effectiveness of the merger is converted in the merger into a share or equal fraction of a share of capital stock of a holding company having the same designations, rights, powers and preferences and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions as the share of capital stock of the constituent corporation being converted in the merger.
(C) The holding company and the surviving association are each domestic business corporations.
(D) Immediately following the effectiveness of the merger, the articles of incorporation and bylaws of the holding company are identical to the articles of incorporation and bylaws of the constituent corporation immediately before the effectiveness of the merger, except for changes that could be made without shareholder approval pursuant to section 1914(c).
(E) Immediately following the effectiveness of the merger, the surviving association is a direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the holding company.
(F) The directors of the constituent corporation become or remain the directors of the holding company on the effectiveness of the merger.
(G) The board of directors of the constituent corporation has made a good faith determination that the shareholders of the constituent corporation will not recognize gain or loss for United States Federal income tax purposes.
(ii) If the holding company is a registered corporation, the shares of the holding company issued in connection with the merger shall be deemed to have been acquired at the time that the shares of the constituent corporation converted in the merger were acquired.
(iii) As used in this paragraph only, the term "holding company" means a corporation that, from its incorporation until consummation of the merger governed by this paragraph, was at all times a direct wholly owned subsidiary of the constituent corporation and whose capital stock is issued in the merger.
(e) Approval of division by preferred shares.--
If a dividing association that is a business corporation has outstanding any shares of a preferred or special class or series of shares, regardless of a limitation stated in the articles or bylaws on the voting rights of the class or series of shares, the holders of outstanding shares of the class or series shall be entitled to vote as a class on a plan of division which:
(1) provides that the dividing association will not survive the division; or
(2) amends the articles or bylaws of the surviving corporation in a manner that would entitle the holders of the preferred or special shares to a class vote on the amendment under the articles, the bylaws or section 1914(b).
(f) Two-step transactions.--
Unless the articles of incorporation of a registered corporation otherwise provide, approval by its shareholders of a plan of merger or interest exchange is not required if the transaction complies with the following:
(1) The plan of merger or interest exchange:
(i) permits or requires the merger or interest exchange to be effected under this subsection; and
(ii) provides that, if the merger or interest exchange is to be effected under this subsection, the merger or interest exchange will be effected as soon as practicable following the satisfaction of the requirement set forth in paragraph (6).
(2) Another party to the merger, the acquiring association in the interest exchange, or a parent of another party to the merger or the acquiring association in the interest exchange, makes an offer to purchase, on the terms provided in the plan of merger or interest exchange, all of the outstanding shares of the corporation that, absent this subsection, would be entitled to vote on the plan of merger or interest exchange, except that:
(i) the offer may exclude shares that are:
(A) owned at the commencement of the offer by the corporation, the offeror, any parent of the offeror or any wholly owned subsidiary of any of the foregoing; or
(B) described in paragraph (6)(iii); and
(ii) the offer may be subject to a specific minimum number of shares or percentage of shares being tendered and any other conditions permitted by applicable law.
(3) The offer discloses that the plan of merger or interest exchange provides that the merger or interest exchange will be effected as soon as practicable following the satisfaction of the requirement set forth in paragraph (6) and that the shares of the corporation that are not tendered in response to the offer will be treated as set forth in paragraph (8).
(4) The board has not rescinded its recommendation at the time the offer closes.
(5) The offeror purchases all shares properly tendered in response to the offer and not properly withdrawn.
(6) On the close of the offer, the shares listed below are collectively entitled to cast at least the minimum number of votes on the merger or interest exchange that, absent this subsection, would be required by this chapter and by the articles of incorporation for the approval of the merger or interest exchange by the shareholders generally and also by any shares entitled to vote as a separate voting group on the merger or interest exchange at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote on the approval were present and voted:
(i) shares purchased by the offeror in accordance with the offer;
(ii) shares otherwise owned by the offeror or by any parent of the offeror or any wholly owned subsidiary of any of the foregoing; and
(iii) shares subject to an agreement that they are to be transferred, contributed or delivered to the offeror, any parent of the offeror or any wholly owned subsidiary of any of the foregoing in exchange for shares or interests in such offeror, parent or subsidiary.
(7) The offeror or a wholly owned subsidiary of the offeror merges with or into, or effects an interest exchange in which it acquires shares of, the corporation.
(8) Each outstanding share of each class or series of shares of the corporation that the offeror is offering to purchase in accordance with the offer, and that is not purchased in accordance with the offer, is to be converted in the merger into, or into the right to receive, or is to be exchanged in the interest exchange for, or for the right to receive, the same amount and type of securities, interests, obligations, rights, cash or other property to be paid or exchanged in accordance with the offer for each share of that class or series of shares that is tendered in response to the offer, except that the following shares of the corporation need not be converted into or exchanged for the consideration described in this paragraph:
(i) shares owned by the corporation;
(ii) shares described in paragraph (6)(ii) or (iii); and
(iii) shares as to which the shareholder, as defined in section 1572 (relating to definitions), has perfected dissenters rights under Subchapter D of Chapter 15 (relating to dissenters rights).
(9) As used in this subsection:
(i) "offer" means the offer referred to in paragraph (2);
(ii) "offeror" means the person making the offer;
(iii) "parent" of an association means a person that owns, directly or indirectly, through one or more wholly owned subsidiaries, all of the outstanding shares of or interests in that association;
(iv) shares tendered in response to the offer shall be deemed to have been "purchased" in accordance with the offer at the earliest time as of which:
(A) the offeror has irrevocably accepted those shares for payment; and
(B) either:
(I) in the case of shares represented by certificates, the offeror or the offeror's designated depository or other agent has physically received the certificates representing those shares; or
(II) in the case of shares without certificates, those shares have been transferred into the account of the offeror or its designated depository or other agent, or an agent's message relating to those shares has been received by the offeror or its designated depository or other agent; and
(v) "wholly owned subsidiary" of a person means an association of or in which that person owns, directly or indirectly, through one or more wholly owned subsidiaries, all of the outstanding shares or interests
(g) Cross references.--
See:
Subchapter A of Chapter 17 (relating to notice and meetings generally).
Section 2512 (relating to dissenters rights procedure).
Section 2539 (relating to adoption of plan of merger by board of directors).
Section 3304(b) (relating to election of benefit corporation status).
Section 3305(b) (relating to termination of benefit corporation status).
(Nov. 3, 2022, P.L.1791, No.122, eff. 60 days)
2022 Amendment.
Act 122 amended subsecs. (a) and (c), relettered former subsec. (f) to subsec. (g) and added present subsec. (f).
Cross References.
Section 321 is referred to in sections 320, 333, 1757, 1911, 1932, 2538, 2539, 2541, 2564 of this title.